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A fatigue study of electrical discharge machine (EDM) strain-gage balance materials
Ray D. Rhew
A fatigue study was undertaken to determine how much the electrical discharge machine (EDM) process affected the fatigue life of balance materials by comparing EDM and regular milling machine samples. Simulation of a typical balance stress configuration was devised for the fatigue testing in order to obtain results more closely related to balance situations. The fatigue testing of the EDM
A fatigue study of electrical discharge machine (EDM) strain-gage balance materials
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Rhew, Ray D.
A fatigue study was undertaken to determine how much electrical-discharge-machine (EDM) processing affected the fatigue life of balance materials: EDM and regular milling-machine (MM) samples were compared. Simulation of a typical balance stress configuration was devised for the fatigue testing in order to obtain results more closely related to balance situations. The fatigue testing of the EDM and MM specimens has indicated that the EDM technique does indeed reduce the fatigue life of 15-5PH steel, the first balance material tested. This conclusion was based on comparisons of the specimen fatigue lives with theoretical and manufacturer's data. Hence the EDM surface effects are detrimental to the fatigue life of this balance material.
A study on the quality of micro-hole of Ti-6Al-4V by EDM process with on-machine measurement techniques
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Li, Jun; Liu, Xiaoyu; Wei, Xingping; Zhao, Shiping
A new on-machine measurement technique is proposed to observe the quality of micro-hole in micro Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) progress. Images of micro-hole are captured by means of a simple configuration use a light-emitting diode (LED) illuminator, optical fiber, and a camera charge-coupled device (CCD).The device does not make contact with workpiece and acquire the image from the contour of the finished micro-hole. Because of using the optical fiber to transmit the real-time image, the device can woke in the narrow and small place. Based on the detected feature points, the geometrical features of the finished micro-hole such as its aperture can be obtained in real time. Meanwhile, the measuring result shows the micro-hole is whether or not qualified and can optimize the process parameters.
Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) Characteristics Associated with Electrical Discharge Energy on Machining of Cemented Tungsten Carbide
Yan-Cherng Lin; Yuan-Feng Chen; Ching-Tien Lin; Hsinn-Jyh Tzeng
In this investigation, cemented tungsten carbides graded K10 and P10 were machined by electrical discharge machining (EDM) using an electrolytic copper electrode. The machining parameters of EDM were varied to explore the effects of electrical discharge energy on the machining characteristics, such as material removal rate (MRR), electrode wear rate (EWR), and surface roughness. Moreover, the effects of the electrical
Development of an Eco-Friendly Electrical Discharge Machine (E-EDM) Using TRIZ Approach
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Sreebalaji, V. S.; Saravanan, R.
Electrical Discharge Machine (EDM) is one of the non-traditional machining processes. EDM process is based on thermoelectric energy between the work and an electrode. A pulse discharge occurs in a small gap between the work piece and the electrode and removes the unwanted material from the parent metal through melting and vaporization. The electrode and the work piece must have an electrical conductivity in order to generate the spark. Dielectric fluid acts as a spark conductor, concentrating the energy to a very narrow region. There are various types of products can be produced and finished using EDM such as Moulds, Dies, Parts of Aerodynamics, Automotives and Surgical components. This research work reveals how an Eco friendly EDM (E-EDM) can be modeled to replace die electric fluid and introducing ozonised oxygen in to EDM to eliminate harmful effects generated while machining by using dielectric, to make pollution free machining environment through a new design of EEDM using TRIZ (a Russian acronym for Theory of Inventive Problem Solving) approach, since Eco friendly design is the need of the hour.
Surface Integrity of C-40 Steel Processed with WC-Cu Powder Metallurgy Green Compact Tools in EDM
P. K. Patowari; U. K. Mishra; P. Saha; P. K. Mishra
Electric discharge machining (EDM) is an electrothermal process where recast layer on the machined surface and heat-affected (HAZ) zone just below the machined surface are common phenomena. Thus, the assessment of surface integrity in EDM is a very important task. In this study, an attempt was made to modify the surface integrity of C-40 steel in EDM. WC-Cu powder metallurgy
Vertical EDM (electric discharge machining) using modular programming
Fuller, J.E.
The usual function of computer numerically controlled (CNC) machining programs is to specify a sequence of machining operations. When CNC is applied to electric discharge machining (EDM), the possibilities and needs are much greater. This paper describes a modular system of programming in which various functions are carried out by subroutines contained in the controller memory. The subroutines are made more versatile by using variables. Such functions as orbiting, cavity inspection, electrode wear measurement and compensation, and multiple cavities are possible. 3 refs., 9 figs.
Fabrication Of Micro-Nozzles Via {mu}-EDM Process
Modica, F.; Trotta, G. [ITIA-CNR, Institute of Industrial Technology and Automation, National Research Council, Strada Crocefisso 2/B, 70126 Bari (Italy); Ferraris, E.; Reynaerts, D. [KatholiekeUniversiteit Leuven, PMA, Celestijnenlaan 300B -B-3001, Heverlee (Belgium); Fassi, I. [ITIA-CNR, Institute of Industrial Technology and Automation, National Research Council, via Bassini 15, 20131 Milano (Italy)
Since traditional handling mechanisms have an unpredictable behavior at micro scale, micro-assembly is a bottleneck in the development of hybrid micro-systems, and the development of new approaches is strongly demanded. In this paper, a recent study of the fabrication of a ceramics vacuum micro-gripper to handle parts in the range of hundreds of microns (300-1000) is presented. Among the possible micro manufacturing processes, micro-EDM has been selected as proving to be a very competitive fabrication technology for the manufacturing of ultra miniature components and micro sized features. The influence of the process parameters on the machining performance of interest is firstly investigated; then, the experimental results on machining the micro gripper are presented, finally concluding remarks are given.
Feasibility study of micro-slit EDM machining using pure water
Ching-Tien Lin; Han-Ming Chow; Lieh-Dai Yang; Yuan-Feng Chen
This study addresses micro-slit EDM machining feasibility using pure water as the dielectric fluid. Experimental results revealed\\u000a that pure water could be used as a dielectric fluid and adopting negative polarity EDM machining could obtain high material\\u000a removal rate (MRR), low electrode wear, small slit expansion, and little machined burr, compared to positive polarity machining.\\u000a In comparing kerosene versus pure
A machine vision system for micro-EDM based on linux
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Guo, Rui; Zhao, Wansheng; Li, Gang; Li, Zhiyong; Zhang, Yong
Due to the high precision and good surface quality that it can give, Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is potentially an important process for the fabrication of micro-tools and micro-components. However, a number of issues remain unsolved before micro-EDM becomes a reliable process with repeatable results. To deal with the difficulties in micro electrodes on-line fabrication and tool wear compensation, a micro-EDM machine vision system is developed with a Charge Coupled Device (CCD) camera, with an optical resolution of 1.61?m and an overall magnification of 113~729. Based on the Linux operating system, an image capturing program is developed with the V4L2 API, and an image processing program is exploited by using OpenCV. The contour of micro electrodes can be extracted by means of the Canny edge detector. Through the system calibration, the micro electrodes diameter can be measured on-line. Experiments have been carried out to prove its performance, and the reasons of measurement error are also analyzed.
Process planning and electrode wear compensation for 3D micro-EDM
Mu-Tian Yan; Shr-Shiang Lin
This paper presents a novel multi-cut process planning method and a new electrode wear compensation method based on a machine\\u000a vision system for three-dimensional (3D) micro-electrical discharge machining (micro-EDM). Front wear and corner wear of tool\\u000a electrode can be measured and compensated in a direct manner by the vision system�s image processing software capabilities.\\u000a Experiments have shown that corner wear
Influence of EDM process parameters in deep hole drilling of Inconel 718
P. Kuppan; A. Rajadurai; S. Narayanan
This paper reports on an experimental investigation of small deep hole drilling of Inconel 718 using the EDM process. The\\u000a parameters such as peak current, pulse on-time, duty factor and electrode speed were chosen to study the machining characteristics.\\u000a An electrolytic copper tube of 3�mm diameter was selected as a tool electrode. The experiments were planned using central\\u000a composite design
Electrical discharge machining (EDM) of Inconel 718 by using copper electrode at higher peak current and pulse duration
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ahmad, S.; Lajis, M. A.
This experimental work is an attempt to investigate the performance of Copper electrode when EDM of Nickel Based Super Alloy, Inconel 718 is at higher peak current and pulse duration. Peak current, Ip and pulse duration (pulse on-time), ton are selected as the most important electrical pulse parameters. In addition, their influence on material removal rate (MRR), electrode wear rate (EWR), and surface roughness (Ra) are experimentally investigated. The ranges of 10 mm diameter of Copper electrode are used to EDM of Inconel 718. After the experiments, MRR, EWR, and Ra of the machined surfaces need to be measured in order to evaluate the performance of the EDM process. In order to obtain high MRR, higher peak current in range of 20A to 40A and pulse duration in range of 200?s to 400?s were used. Experimental results have shown that machining at a highest peak current used of 40A and the lowest pulse duration of 200?s used for the experiment yields the highest material removal rate (MRR) with value 34.94 mm3/min, whereas machining at a peak current of 20A and pulse duration of 400?s yields the lowest electrode wear rate (EWR) with value -0.0101 mm3/min. The lowest surface roughness (Ra) is 8.53 ?m achieved at a lowest peak current used of 20A and pulse duration of 200?s.
Finishing effect of abrasive flow machining on micro slit fabricated by wire-EDM
Hsinn-Jyh Tzeng; Biing-Hwa Yan; Rong-Tzong Hsu; Han-Ming Chow
This experimental research use the method of abrasive flow machining (AFM) to evaluate the characteristics of various levels\\u000a of roughness and finishing of the complex shaped micro slits fabricated by wire electrical discharge machining (Wire-EDM).\\u000a An investigative methodology based on the Taguchi experimental method for the micro slits of biomedicine was developed to\\u000a determine the parameters of AFM, including abrasive
Effect of low-frequency vibration on workpiece in EDM processes
Gunawan Setia Prihandana; Muslim Mahardika; M. Hamdi; Kimiyuki Mitsui
High-frequency vibration aided EDM has become one of the ways to increase material removal rate in EDM process, due to the\\u000a flushing effect caused by vibration. However, utilizing high-frequency vibration, especially in ultrasonic range consumes\\u000a a lot of setup cost. This work presents an attempt to use a low-frequency vibration on workpiece of stainless steel (SS 304)\\u000a during EDM process.
Fiber optic diagnostic techniques for the electrical discharge machining process�
Pillans, Brandon William
Plasma sparks from an electrical discharge machining phics. (EDM) process were observed using fiber optics positioned the dielectric oil. New measurement techniques were developed to observe the spark in the extremely noisy environment. Optical data...
Artificial neural network model in surface modification by EDM using tungsten�copper powder metallurgy sintered electrodes
Promod Kumar Patowari; Partha Saha; P. K. Mishra
Electro-discharge machining (EDM) is a widely accepted nontraditional machining process used mostly for machining materials\\u000a difficult to machine by conventional shearing process. Surface modification by powder metallurgy sintered tools is an uncommon\\u000a aspect of EDM. Of late, it is being explored by many researchers. In the present paper, attempts have been made to model the\\u000a surface modification phenomenon by EDM
Numerical prediction of heat affected layer in the EDM of aeronautical alloys
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Izquierdo, B.; Plaza, S.; S�nchez, J. A.; Pombo, I.; Ortega, N.
Electrical discharge machining is a popular non-traditional machining process, optimum for accurate machining of complex geometries in hard materials. EDM has been used for decades for machining pieces for the aeronautical industry, but surface integrity, and consequently the reliability of the machined parts have been questioned for long time due to the thermal nature of this machining process. In recent years, efforts have been put on modeling of the EDM process, being thermal modeling of the process one promising alternative. In a previous publication an original model of the EDM process was presented and it was used to predict material removal rate and surface finish for the EDM of steel. In the present article the capability of that modeling tool to characterize discharge properties and to predict recast layer distribution when EDMing an aeronautical alloy will be analyzed. EDM process of Inconel 718 has been studied and discharge properties have been obtained for four different EDM regimes. The capability of the model to reflect the behavior of more energetic regimes is discussed. Gathered information has been used to simulate the evolution of the recast layer generation process. Obtained results have been validated comparing them with experimental measurements, revealing a good correlation between predictions and experimental data. Finally, energetic efficiency of the discharge process has been simulated for the adjusted EDM regimes.
Investigation of the effect of process parameters on the formation and characteristics of recast layer in wire-EDM of Inconel 718
Newton, Thomas R [Georgia Institute of Technology; Melkote, Shreyes N [Georgia Institute of Technology; Watkins, Thomas R [ORNL; Trejo, Rosa M [ORNL; Riester, Laura [ORNL
Inconel 718 is a high nickel content superalloy possessing high strength at elevated temperatures and resistance to oxidation and corrosion. The non-traditional manufacturing process of wire-electrical discharge machining (EDM) possesses many advantages over traditional machining during the manufacture of Inconel 718 parts. However, certain detrimental effects are also present and are due in large part to the formation of the recast layer. An experimental investigation was conducted to determine the main EDM parameters which contribute to recast layer formation in Inconel 718. It was found that average recast layer thickness increased primarily with energy per spark, peak discharge current, and current pulse duration. Over the range of parameters tested, the recast layer was observed to be between 5 and 9 {micro}m in average thickness, although highly variable in nature. The recast material was found to possess in-plane tensile residual stresses, as well as lower hardness and elastic modulus than the bulk material.
Studies on electric-discharge machining of non-contact seal face grooves
S. L. Chen; Q. C. Hsu
In this paper, the electric-discharge machining (EDM) of non-contact seal grooves was studied. Two types of material, namely: tungsten carbide and silicon carbide were tested by EDM due to their hard machining behaviors. The geometry of seal grooves is another reason why grinding or other precision machining processes cannot be applied. Four parameters of EDM processes were studied, namely: electrode
The use of SiC powder in water as dielectric for micro-slit EDM machining
Han-Ming Chow; Lieh-Dai Yang; Ching-Tien Lin; Yuan-Feng Chen
Green manufacturing technology has recently become very important to all manufacturing industries. Pure water and the SiC powder produce a good post-process treatment without any environmental pollution. Micro-slit EDM process along with small discharge energy and SiC powder in pure water was investigated in this study. SiC powder was added to pure water as a working fluid to verify the
Vibration-assisted servo scanning 3D micro EDM
Tong Hao; Wang Yang; Li Yong
In scanning micro electrical discharge machining (EDM), the machining time for a 3D mould cavity is longer due to the smaller discharge area of a thin wire tool electrode. Moreover, a stable discharge area is hardly kept because of the scanning motion, resulting in a lower discharge ratio. To improve the machining process, a method of workpiece vibration-assisted servo scanning
M3EDM: MEMS-enabled micro-electro-discharge machining
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Reddy Alla Chaitanya, Chakravarty; Takahata, Kenichi
This paper reports a photolithography compatible micro-electro-discharge machining technique that is performed with microelectrode actuators driven by hydrodynamic force. The movable planar electrodes suspended by the anchors are microfabricated directly on the workpiece. The electrode structures with fixed fixed and cantilever configurations are defined by patterning 18 �m thick copper foil laminated on the workpiece through an intermediate photoresist layer and released by sacrificial etching of the resist layer. All the patterning and sacrificial etching steps are performed using dry-film photoresists towards achieving high scalability of the machining technique to large-area applications. The parasitic capacitance of the electrode structure is used to form a resistance capacitance circuit for the generation of pulsed spark discharge between the electrode and the workpiece. The suspended electrodes are actuated towards the workpiece using the downflow of dielectric machining fluid, initiating and sustaining the machining process. Micromachining of stainless steel is experimentally demonstrated with a machining voltage of 90 V and continuous flow of the fluid at a velocity of 3.4 3.9 m s-1, providing a removal depth of 20 �m with an average surface roughness of 520 nm. The experimental results of the electrode actuation are shown to agree well with the theoretical estimations.
Electrical-Discharge Machining Of Curved Passages
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Guirguis, Kamal S.
Electrical-discharge machining (EDM) used to cut deep hole with bends. EDM process done with articulating segmented electrode. Originally straight, electrode curved as it penetrates part, forming long, smoothly curving hole. After hole cut, honed with slurry to remove thin layer of recast metal created by EDM. Breakage of tools, hand deburring, and drilling debris eliminated.
Autonomous Process Planning with Real-Time Machining for Productive Sculptured Surface Manufacturing Based on Automatic Recognition of Geometric Features
Kazuo Yamazaki; Yasuhiro Kawahara; Jieh-Chian Jeng; Hideki Aoyama
The paper deals with a study on technologies to enhance the manufacturing productivity of a product consisting of sculptured surfaces. A process planning system coupled with real time machining is proposed such that the productive machining plan and tool motion can automatically be generated once available resources and machining know-how are given for the metal cutting-EDM mixed environment. The system
Micro-CT evaluation of in vivo osteogenesis at implants processed by wire-type electric discharge machining.
Yamaki, Koichi; Kataoka, Yu; Ohtsuka, Fukunaga; Miyazaki, Takashi
Titanium surfaces processed by wire-type electric discharge machining (EDM) are microfabricated surfaces with an irregular morphology, and they exhibited excellent in vitro bone biocompatibility. In this study, the efficiency of in vivo osteogenesis on EDM surfaces was investigated by surgically placing screw-shaped EDM-processed and machined-surface implants into the femurs of four Japanese white rabbits. The volume and process of new bone formation were evaluated by an X-ray micro-CT scanner, coupled with histopathological observations at 1, 2, and 4 weeks post-implantation. Before surgical implantation, the surface topography and contact angle of each implant surface were examined. Bone formation increased over time on both implant surfaces, with both implant types yielding statistically equivalent bone volume at 4 weeks post-implementation. However, at 1 week post-implantation, amount of new bone at EDM-processed implant was markedly greater than that at machined-surface implant. Moreover, new bone appeared to initiate directly from the EDM surfaces, while new bone appeared to generate from pre-existing host bone to the machined surfaces. Thus, EDM seemed to be a promising method for surface modification of titanium implants to support enhanced osteogenesis. PMID:22673455
Use of in-process EDM truing to generate complex contours on metal-bond, superabrasive grinding wheels for precision grinding structural ceramics
Piscotty, M. A., LLNL
This paper presents recent work performed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory to develop cost-effective, versatile and robust manufacturing methods for grinding precision features in structural ceramics using metal-bond, superabrasive grinding wheels. The developed processes include utilizing specialized, on-machine hardware to generate precision profiles onto grinding wheels using electrical-discharge machining (EDM) and a contoured rotating electrode. The production grinding processes are described, which were developed and used to grind various precision details into a host of structural ceramics such as Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}, Si{sub 3}N{sub 4}, and BeO. The methodologies, hardware and results of both creep-feed and cylindrical grinding are described. A discussion of imparted grinding damage and wheel wear is also presented.
Experimental research on vibration assisted EDM of micro-structures with non-circular cross-section
Hao Tong; Yong Li; Yang Wang
In micro-electrical discharge machining (EDM) of micro-structures with non-circular cross-section, the machining efficiency may be extraordinarily low due to the difficulties for dielectric liquid to flow and discharged debris to be removed out of the narrow discharge gap. To improve the machining efficiency and accuracy, the method of assisting workpiece vibration was introduced into such micro-EDM process using the tool
Lisa Bird
A three-dimensional laser machining process is being developed to cut replacement tiles for the Space Shuttle. The process involves a carbon dioxide laser and a computer-controlled five-axis positioner. To date, successful straight-through cuts, curved-through cuts, and partial cuts have been made by the laser. Felt reusable surface insulation, another component of the Shuttle's thermal protection system, has also been successfully
Machining Performance and Surface Integrity of AISI D2 Die Steel Machined Using Electrical Discharge Surface Grinding Process
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Choudhary, Rajesh; Kumar, Harmesh; Singh, Shankar
The aim of this study is to establish optimum machining conditions for EDSG of AISI D2 die steel through an experimental investigation using Taguchi Methodology. To achieve combined grinding and electrical discharge machining, metal matrix composite electrodes (Cu-SiCp) were processed through powder metallurgy route. A rotary spindle attachment was developed to perform the EDSG experimental runs on EDM machine. Relationships were developed between various input parameters such as peak current, speed, pulse-on time, pulse-off time, abrasive particle size, and abrasive particle concentration, and output characteristics such as material removal rate and surface roughness. The optimized parameters were further validated by conducting confirmation experiments.
Research Developments in Additives Mixed Electrical Discharge Machining (AEDM): A State of Art Review
Anil Kumar; Sachin Maheshwari; Chitra Sharma; Naveen Beri
Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is a well-established modern machining process used to manufacture geometrically complex shapes, process hard materials that are extremely difficult to machine by conventional machining processes. This noncontact machining technique is continuously emerging from a mere tool and dies making process to a microscale machining applications. In recent years, researches have emphasized on increasing machining performance coupled
Optimization of anodic oxidation and Cu�Cr oxide catalyst preparation on structured aluminum plates processed by electro discharge machining
I. Z. Ismagilov; R. P. Ekatpure; L. T. Tsykoza; E. V. Matus; E. V. Rebrov; M. A. Kerzhentsev; J. C. Schouten
This paper describes the optimization of three processes applied in fabrication of a microstructured reactor for complete oxidation of volatile organic compounds. The first process involves the optimization of the electro discharge machining (EDM) method to produce a set of microchannels with a high length to diameter ratio of 100, with a standard deviation from the average diameter below 0.2%,
Array servo scanning micro EDM of 3D micro cavities
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Tong, Hao; Li, Yong; Yi, Futing
Micro electro discharge machining (Micro EDM) is a non-traditional processing technology with the special advantages of low set-up cost and few cutting force in machining any conductive materials regardless of their hardness. As well known, die-sinking EDM is unsuitable for machining the complex 3D micro cavity less than 1mm due to the high-priced fabrication of 3D microelectrode itself and its serous wear during EDM process. In our former study, a servo scanning 3D micro-EDM (3D SSMEDM) method was put forward, and our experiments showed it was available to fabricate complex 3D micro-cavities. In this study, in order to improve machining efficiency and consistency accuracy for array 3D micro-cavities, an array-servo-scanning 3D micro EDM (3D ASSMEDM) method is presented considering the complementary advantages of the 3D SSMEDM and the array micro electrodes with simple cross-section. During 3D ASSMEDM process, the array cavities designed by CAD / CAM system can be batch-manufactured by servo scanning layer by layer using array-rod-like micro tool electrodes, and the axial wear of the array electrodes is compensated in real time by keeping discharge gap. To verify the effectiveness of the 3D ASSMEDM, the array-triangle-micro cavities (side length 630 ?m) are batch-manufactured on P-doped silicon by applying the array-micro-electrodes with square-cross-section fabricated by LIGA process. Our exploratory experiment shows that the 3D ASSMEDM provides a feasible approach for the batch-manufacture of 3D array-micro-cavities of conductive materials.
Array servo scanning micro EDM of 3D micro cavities
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Tong, Hao; Li, Yong; Yi, Futing
Micro electro discharge machining (Micro EDM) is a non-traditional processing technology with the special advantages of low set-up cost and few cutting force in machining any conductive materials regardless of their hardness. As well known, die-sinking EDM is unsuitable for machining the complex 3D micro cavity less than 1mm due to the high-priced fabrication of 3D microelectrode itself and its serous wear during EDM process. In our former study, a servo scanning 3D micro-EDM (3D SSMEDM) method was put forward, and our experiments showed it was available to fabricate complex 3D micro-cavities. In this study, in order to improve machining efficiency and consistency accuracy for array 3D micro-cavities, an array-servo-scanning 3D micro EDM (3D ASSMEDM) method is presented considering the complementary advantages of the 3D SSMEDM and the array micro electrodes with simple cross-section. During 3D ASSMEDM process, the array cavities designed by CAD / CAM system can be batch-manufactured by servo scanning layer by layer using array-rod-like micro tool electrodes, and the axial wear of the array electrodes is compensated in real time by keeping discharge gap. To verify the effectiveness of the 3D ASSMEDM, the array-triangle-micro cavities (side length 630 ?m) are batch-manufactured on P-doped silicon by applying the array-micro-electrodes with square-cross-section fabricated by LIGA process. Our exploratory experiment shows that the 3D ASSMEDM provides a feasible approach for the batch-manufacture of 3D array-micro-cavities of conductive materials.
Leica's Pinpoint EDM Technology with Modified Signal Processing and Novel Optomechanical Features
BAYOUD Fadi
SUMMARY With innovation, precision and reliability being the main targets of Leica Geosystems AG Total Stations, modernisations have recently focused on the software and hardware components of the PinPoint Electronic Distance Measurement (EDM) technology. Aiming at further improving the laser beam light distribution and its stability along with minimising the power consumption, a new optomechanical concept was developed that allows
Influence of electrical conditions on performance of electrical discharge machining with powder suspended in working oil for titanium carbide deposition process
Katsushi Furutani; Hiromichi Sato; Masayuki Suzuki
This paper describes the influence of the discharge current and the pulse duration on the titanium carbide (TiC) deposition\\u000a process by electrical discharge machining (EDM) with titanium (Ti) powder suspended in working oil. Although the influence\\u000a of the electrical conditions for removal EDM has been investigated, the criteria for deposition have not been discussed. In\\u000a the experiments, a 1-mm copper
Improving Electrical Efficiency of Edm Power Supply
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Toma, Emanoil; Simion, Carmen Mihaela
This paper briefly presents the principal types of Pulse Generators for Electrical Discharge Machining and ways to improve electrical efficiency. A resonant converter with series-parallel LCC circuit, for EDM applications, was analyzed by PSpice simulation. The performances of EDM Power Supply were improved by adding an energy recovering - voltage limiter circuit. The shape of current pulse was changed by adding a supplementary MOSFET Switch in parallel with the gap. Two or more converters can be parallelized, in this way output current can be changed. A bloc-schema was conceived for EDM experimental set up
Influence of Surface Position along the Working Range of Conoscopic Holography Sensors on Dimensional Verification of AISI 316 Wire EDM Machined Surfaces
Fern�ndez, Pedro; Blanco, David; Rico, Carlos; Vali�o, Gonzalo; Mateos, Sabino
Conoscopic holography (CH) is a non-contact interferometric technique used for surface digitization which presents several advantages over other optical techniques such as laser triangulation. Among others, the ability for the reconstruction of high-sloped surfaces stands out, and so does its lower dependence on surface optical properties. Nevertheless, similarly to other optical systems, adjustment of CH sensors requires an adequate selection of configuration parameters for ensuring a high quality surface digitizing. This should be done on a surface located as close as possible to the stand-off distance by tuning frequency (F) and power (P) until the quality indicators Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and signal envelope (Total) meet proper values. However, not all the points of an actual surface are located at the stand-off distance, but they could be located throughout the whole working range (WR). Thus, the quality of a digitized surface may not be uniform. The present work analyses how the quality of a reconstructed surface is affected by its relative position within the WR under different combinations of the parameters F and P. Experiments have been conducted on AISI 316 wire EDM machined flat surfaces. The number of high-quality points digitized as well as distance measurements between different surfaces throughout the WR allowed for comparing the metrological behaviour of the CH sensor with respect to a touch probe (TP) on a CMM. PMID:24662452
Investigation of wire electrical discharge machining of thin cross-sections and compliant mechanisms
Scott F. Miller; Chen-C. Kao; Albert J. Shih; Jun Qu
The wire electrical discharge machining (EDM) of cross-section with minimum thickness and compliant mechanisms is studied. Effects of EDM process parameters, particularly the spark cycle time and spark on-time on thin cross-section cutting of Nd�Fe�B magnetic material, carbon bipolar plate, and titanium are investigated. An envelope of feasible wire EDM process parameters is generated for the commercially pure titanium. The
Electrical Discharge Machining of Functionally Graded 15�35 Vol% SiCp\\/Al Composites
Y. W. Seo; D. Kim; M. Ramulu
A functionally Graded 15�35 volume% silicon carbide particulate (SiCp) reinforced Al359 metal matrix composite (SiCp\\/Al MMC) was drilled by electrical discharge machining (EDM) to assess the machinability and workpiece quality. The machining conditions were identified for both the machining performance and workpiece quality of the EDM process, including some aspects of material removal mechanisms, material removal rate (MRR), electrode tool
Development of a high precision tabletop versatile CNC wire-EDM for making intricate micro parts
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Liao, Yunn-Shiuan; Chen, Shun-Tong; Lin, Chang-Sheng
The micro-electrical discharge machining (micro-EDM) process has been proved to be appropriate for making 3D micro parts that are difficult and even impossible to manufacture by other processes. In this paper a high precision tabletop CNC wire electrical discharge machine (wire EDM) designed specifically for machining complex shape micro parts or structures is developed. In the machine developed, a novel micro-wire-cutting mechanism is designed, an approach to control wire tension by magnetic force is proposed and a servo feed control strategy, in accordance with the measured gap voltage, is designed and implemented. To verify the functions and capabilities of the machine developed, several thick micro outer and internal spur gears and rack are machined. It shows that the taper angle along the wall or cavity of a part that appears when other micro-EDM processes are applied can be avoided. A very good dimensional accuracy of 1 �m and a surface finish of Rmax equal to 0.64 �m are achieved. The satisfactory cutting of a miniature 3D pagoda with a micro-hooked structure also reveals that the machine developed is versatile, and can be used as a new tool for making intricate micro parts.
Gaussian processes for machine learning.
Seeger, Matthias
Gaussian processes (GPs) are natural generalisations of multivariate Gaussian random variables to infinite (countably or continuous) index sets. GPs have been applied in a large number of fields to a diverse range of ends, and very many deep theoretical analyses of various properties are available. This paper gives an introduction to Gaussian processes on a fairly elementary level with special emphasis on characteristics relevant in machine learning. It draws explicit connections to branches such as spline smoothing models and support vector machines in which similar ideas have been investigated. Gaussian process models are routinely used to solve hard machine learning problems. They are attractive because of their flexible non-parametric nature and computational simplicity. Treated within a Bayesian framework, very powerful statistical methods can be implemented which offer valid estimates of uncertainties in our predictions and generic model selection procedures cast as nonlinear optimization problems. Their main drawback of heavy computational scaling has recently been alleviated by the introduction of generic sparse approximations.13,78,31 The mathematical literature on GPs is large and often uses deep concepts which are not required to fully understand most machine learning applications. In this tutorial paper, we aim to present characteristics of GPs relevant to machine learning and to show up precise connections to other "kernel machines" popular in the community. Our focus is on a simple presentation, but references to more detailed sources are provided. PMID:15112367
D. F. Dauw; R. Snaeys
Since Electric Discharge Machining (EDM) has been made available to industry, substantial improvements have been achieved from the point of view of overall machining efficiency throughout the last decades. Even by the fact that several classical machining methods are still more attractive in terms of machining speed, cost, and conveniency, �Deep Sinking� Electric Discharge Machining has its own application areas
An exploratory data analysis estimation of the effe cts of the electrode material on the electrical discharge in micro EDM
Carlo Ferri; Antoine Petrelli; Atanas Ivanov
When producing features and parts on the mi cro scale, the phenomena that take place between th e electrodes in electric discharge machining (EDM) is not fully und erstood. A barrier to a complete exploitation of t he potential natural tolerance of this process and to the furthe r development of the process towards the production of components on the
Modeling of wire EDM process using back propagation (BPN) and General Regression Neural Networks (GRNN)
P. V. B. Reddy; C. H. R. V. Kumar; K. H. Reddy
In this paper the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model is developed to predict the surface roughness in Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) of Cr-Mo-V alloyed special steel, which is used in automobile industry. The neural network Models strained with experimental results conducted using L16 orthogonal array by considering the input parameters such as pulse duration, open voltage, wire speed and
A comparative experimental investigation of deep-hole micro-EDM drilling capability for cemented carbide (WC-Co) against austenitic stainless steel (SUS 304)
Muhammad Pervej Jahan; Yoke San Wong; Mustafizur Rahman
Microelectro-discharge machining (micro-EDM) has become a widely accepted non-traditional material removal process for machining\\u000a difficult-to-cut but conductive materials effectively and economically. The present study aims to investigate the feasibility\\u000a of machining deep microholes in two difficult-to-cut materials: cemented carbide (WC-Co) and austenitic stainless steel (SUS\\u000a 304) using the micro-EDM drilling. The effect of discharge energy and electro-thermal material properties on
High-speed micro-electro-discharge machining.
Chandrasekar, Srinivasan Dr. (.School of Industrial Engineering, West Lafayette, IN); Moylan, Shawn P. (School of Industrial Engineering, West Lafayette, IN); Benavides, Gilbert Lawrence
When two electrodes are in close proximity in a dielectric liquid, application of a voltage pulse can produce a spark discharge between them, resulting in a small amount of material removal from both electrodes. Pulsed application of the voltage at discharge energies in the range of micro-Joules results in the continuous material removal process known as micro-electro-discharge machining (micro-EDM). Spark erosion by micro-EDM provides significant opportunities for producing small features and micro-components such as nozzle holes, slots, shafts and gears in virtually any conductive material. If the speed and precision of micro-EDM processes can be significantly enhanced, then they have the potential to be used for a wide variety of micro-machining applications including fabrication of microelectromechanical system (MEMS) components. Toward this end, a better understanding of the impacts the various machining parameters have on material removal has been established through a single discharge study of micro-EDM and a parametric study of small hole making by micro-EDM. The main avenues for improving the speed and efficiency of the micro-EDM process are in the areas of more controlled pulse generation in the power supply and more controlled positioning of the tool electrode during the machining process. Further investigation of the micro-EDM process in three dimensions leads to important design rules, specifically the smallest feature size attainable by the process.
Dry electrical discharge machining of cemented carbide
ZhanBo Yu; Takahashi Jun; Kunieda Masanori
Dry electrical discharge machining (dry EDM) has characteristics of high work removal rate and low tool electrode wear ratio. Hence dry EDM is suitable for three-dimensional milling of difficult-to-cut materials, such as cemented carbide. We compared machining characteristics between dry EDM milling, oil EDM milling and oil die sinking EDM and found that dry EDM milling is most advantageous to
A novel power source for high-precision, highly efficient micro w-EDM
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Chen, Shun-Tong; Chen, Chi-Hung
The study presents the development of a novel power source for high-precision, highly efficient machining of micropart microstructures using micro wire electrical discharge machining (w-EDM). A novel power source based on a pluri resistance�capacitance (pRC) circuit that can generate a high-frequency, high-peak current with a short pulse train is proposed and designed to enhance the performance of micro w-EDM processes. Switching between transistors is precisely controlled in the designed power source to create a high-frequency short-pulse train current. Various microslot cutting tests in both aluminum and copper alloys are conducted. Experimental results demonstrate that the pRC power source creates instant spark erosion resulting in markedly less material for removal, diminishing discharge crater size, and consequently an improved surface finish. A new evaluation approach for spark erosion ability (SEA) to assess the merits of micro EDM power sources is also proposed. In addition to increasing the speed of micro w-EDM by increasing wire feed rates by 1.6 times the original feed rate, the power source is more appropriate for machining micropart microstructures since there is less thermal breaking. Satisfactory cutting of an elaborate miniature hook-shaped structure and a high-aspect ratio microstructure with a squared-pillar array also reveal that the developed pRC power source is effective, and should be very useful in the manufacture of intricate microparts.
K. P. Rajurkar; Z. Y. Yu
It is necessary to integrate CAD\\/CAM systems with micro-EDM to generate tool paths when simple shaped tools are used to machine three-dimensional (3D) micro parts. Currently available CAD\\/CAM systems cannot be directly used because of the continuous tool electrode wear during machining. This paper proposes an approach to integrate CAD\\/CAM systems with micro-EDM while accounting for tool wear using a
Surface Integrity of Inconel 718 by Wire-EDM at Different Energy Modes
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Li, L.; Wei, X. T.; Guo, Y. B.; Li, W.; Liu, J. F.
Inconel alloys including IN 718 alloy are widely used in turbomachinery industry due to their superior mechanical properties. Inconel alloys are very difficult to machine using cutting and grinding. Wire electrical discharge machining (W-EDM) is an alternative process to manufacture complex Inconel parts. However, little research has been done on surface integrity by W-EDMed IN 718. This study focuses on surface integrity of IN 718 by W-EDM at different modes of discharge energy. The results show that the EDMed surface topography shows dominant coral reef microstructures at high energy mode, while random microvoids are dominant at low energy modes. The average roughness can be significantly reduced at low energy mode. A thick white layer is predominantly discontinuous and non-uniform at relative high energy modes. Microvoids are confined within the thick white layers and no microcracks were found in the subsurface. A thin white layer by trim cut at low energy mode becomes continuous, uniform, and is free of voids. Compared to the bulk, white layers have dramatic reduction in microhardness. In addition, surface alloying from wire electrode and water dielectric is obvious in main cut, but it can be minimized in trim cuts.
Surface characteristics and damage of monocrystalline silicon induced by wire-EDM
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Punturat, Jiraporn; Tangwarodomnukun, Viboon; Dumkum, Chaiya
Wire-EDM has recently shown itself as an alternative approach for slicing silicon and other semiconductor materials without the presence of significant chipping as normally found in the traditional machining processes. However, the intensive electrical spark between a wire electrode and silicon can cause damage to the cut surface and subsurface in micro and nano-scale aspects. This paper presents the influence of major process parameters on the cut surface characteristics and damage in the wire-EDMing of silicon. An n-type monocrystalline silicon wafer was cut under different spark energy densities, duty cycles and dielectric flushing rates. Poor cut surface quality and high amount of electrode material deposition were obtained when low spark energy density, small duty cycle and low dielectric flushing rate were applied. Moreover, the amorphous and defective crystal structures of silicon were apparent under the low spark energy condition. The interactions between the wire-EDMing parameters and cut surface characteristics drawn in this study could have significances for the further development of EDM technology towards the fine-scale and damage-free processing of semiconductor materials.
On machining rate of hydrodynamic polishing process
Yaw-Terng Su; Shuh-Yi Wang; Jar-Sian Hsiau
In this study, the machining rate characteristics of the hydrodynamic polishing process (abbreviated as the HDP process) under various lubrication conditions are examined. It is proposed that for the non-contact case the machining rate of the HDP process is related to the shear stress of slurry flow between tool and work surface. A large shear stress will result in a
Integration of AERMOD into EDMS
Roger L. Wayson; Brian Y. Kim; Gregg G. Fleming; Clifford Hall; Ted Thrasher; Bill Colligan
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) requires the use of the Emissions and Dispersion Modeling System (EDMS) for air quality analysis involving aviation sources. Dispersion in EDMS has previously been computed by CALINE3 and PAL2. With the advent of the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) AERMOD dispersion model, the FAA has made a commitment to replacing the older dispersion models in EDMS
Ultrasonic and electric discharge machining to deep and small hole on titanium alloy
Zhao Wansheng; Wang Zhenlong; Di Shichun; Chi Guanxin; Wei Hongyu
Being a difficult-to-cut material, titanium alloy suffers poor machinability for most cutting process, let alone the drilling of small and deep holes using traditional machining methods. Although electric discharge machining (EDM) is suitable to handle titanium alloys, it is not ideal for small and deep holes due to titanium alloys� low heating conductivity and high tenacity. This paper introduces ultrasonic
Overview on pyramid machines for image processing
Di Gesu, V.
This paper is intended to review the existing hierarchical multiprocessor machines dedicated to Image Processing (IP). Some general design concepts are given and compared in terms of hardware and software complexity. 33 refs., 9 figs., 3 tabs.
Intelligent process supervision for predicting tool wear in machining processes
Rodolfo E Haber; A Alique
An intelligent supervisory system supported on a model-based approach is presented herein. The application for predicting tool wear in machining processes is selected as a case study. A model created using artificial neural networks and able to predict the process output is introduced as a means of dealing with the characteristics of such an ill-defined process as machining. This model
High efficiency fine boring of monocrystalline silicon ingot by electrical discharge machining
Yoshiyuki Unoa; Akira Okada; Yasuhiro Okamoto; Kazuo Yamazaki; Subhash H Risbud; Yoshiaki Yamada
This article deals with high efficiency and high accuracy fine boring in a monocrystalline silicon ingot by electrical discharge machining (EDM). In manufacturing process of integrated circuits, a plasma-etching process is used for removing oxidation films. This process has recently been examined for use of monocrystalline silicon as the electrode to minimize the contamination. However, it is difficult to machine
The effect of microstructure on fatigue performance of Ti-6Al-4V alloy after EDM surface treatment for application in orthopaedics.
Str�sk�, Josef; Jane?ek, Milo�; Harcuba, Petr; Bukovina, Michal; Wagner, Lothar
Three different microstructures--equiaxed, bi-modal and coarse lamellar--are prepared from Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Electric discharge machining (EDM) with a high peak current (29 A) is performed in order to impose surface roughness and modify the chemical composition of the surface. Detailed scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigation revealed a martensitic surface layer and subsurface heat affected zone (HAZ). EDX measurements showed carbon enriched remnants of the EDM process on the material surface. Rotating bending fatigue tests are undertaken for EDM processed samples for all three microstructures and also for electropolished-benchmark-samples. The fatigue performance is found to be rather poor and not particularly dependent on microstructure. The bi-modal microstructure shows a slightly superior high cycle fatigue performance. This performance can be further improved by a suitable heat treatment to an endurance limit of 200 MPa. PMID:22098894
A Study of Optimization of Machining Parameters for Electrical Discharge Machining of Boron Carbide
I. Puertas; C. J. Luis
The correct selection of manufacturing conditions is one of the most important aspects to take into consideration in the majority of manufacturing processes and, particularly, in processes related to electrical discharge machining (EDM) of conductive ceramic materials. It is these conditions that determine such important characteristics as surface roughness, electrode wear, and material removal rate. In this article, a review
Gaussian Processes For Machine Learning
Matthias Seeger
Gaussian processes (GPs) are natural generalisations of multivariate Gaussian ran- dom variables to innite (countably or continuous) index sets. GPs have been applied in a large number of elds to a diverse range of ends, and very many deep theoretical anal- yses of various properties are available. This paper gives an introduction to Gaussian processes on a fairly elementary level
Electric discharge machining of Al�10%SiC P as-cast metal matrix composites
P. Narender Singh; K. Raghukandan; M. Rathinasabapathi; B. C. Pai
The use of unconventional machining techniques in shaping aluminium metal matrix composites (Al-MMC) has generated considerable interest as the manufacturing of complicated die contours in these hard materials to a high degree of accuracy and surface finish is difficult. Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is an important process for machining difficult-to-machine materials like metal matrix composites. Among the many unconventional processing
Electrical-Discharge Machining With Additional Axis
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Malinzak, Roger M.; Booth, Gary N.
Proposed electrical-discharge-machining (EDM) apparatus uses moveable vertical wire as electrode. Wire positionable horizontally along one axis as it slides vertically past workpiece. Workpiece indexed in rotation about horizontal axis. Because of symmetry of parts, process used to make two such parts at a time by defining boundary between them. Advantages: cost of material reduced, imparts less residual stress to workpiece, and less time spent machining each part when parts produced in such symmetrical pairs.
Geometric Compensation of Focused Ion Beam Machining Using Image Processing
Hiwon Lee; Jin Han; Byung-Kwon Min; Sang Jo Lee
During the process of focused ion beam (FIB) machining, the redeposition of the sputtered material during machining decreases the geometric accuracy of the process. In this paper, a new approach to reducing the geometric error in FIB machining is introduced. The new algorithm measures the amount of redeposited material after each production cycle and modifies the next process plan. Information
Characterisation of integrated WAAM and machining processes
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Adebayo, Adeyinka
This research describes the process of manufacturing and machining of wire and arc additive manufactured (WAAM) thin wall structures on integrated and non-integrated WAAM systems. The overall aim of this thesis is to obtain a better understanding of deposition and machining of WAAM wall parts through an integrated system. This research includes the study of the comparison of deposition of WAAM wall structures on different WAAM platforms, namely an Integrated SAM Edgetek grinding machine, an ABB robot and a Friction Stir Welding (FSW) machine. The result shows that WAAM is a robustly transferable technique that can be implemented across a variety of different platforms typically available in industry.. For WAAM deposition, a rise in output repeatedly involves high welding travel speed that usually leads to an undesired humping effect. Part of the objectives of this work was to study the travel speed limit for humping. The findings from this research show that the travel speed limit falls within a certain region at which humping starts to occur. One of the objectives of this thesis was to study the effect of lubricants during sequential and non-sequential machining/deposition of the WAAM parts. Conventional fluid lubricants and solid lubricants were used. In addition, the effect of cleaning of deposited wall samples with acetone was also studied. A systematic study shows that a significant amount of solid lubricant contamination can be found in the deposited material. Furthermore, the results indicate that even cleaning of the wire and arc additive manufactured surfaces with acetone prior to the weld deposition can affect the microstructure of the deposited material..
Capability index of a complex-product machining process
J. Chen; F. Zhu; G. Y. Li; Y. Z. Ma; Y. L. Tu
A complex product often requires a high machining precision. This is often achieved by a close-loop machining process to be carried out in several stages, and the measurements, fixture adjustments, and feedback or feed-forward control are inserted after each of these stages. The Complex Product Machining Process (CPMP) Capability Index (CPMPCI) is affected by the control and adjustments in a
Capability index of a complex-product machining process
J. Chen; F. Zhu; G. Y. Li; Y. Z. Ma; Y. L. Tu
A complex product often requires a high machining precision. This is often achieved by a close-loop machining process to be carried out in several stages, and the measurements, fixture adjustments, and feedback or feed-forward control are inserted after each of these stages. The Complex Product Machining Process (CPMP) Capability Index (CPMPCI) is affected by the control and adjustments in a
Fuzzy modelling of machine-tool cutting process
E. Aguero; J. R. Alique; R. Haber; Cristina Rodriguez
Fuzzy control of machining process is a very promissory approach, taking into account the machine-tool complexity and efficiency. Creation of the knowledge base for this fuzzy controller requires something more than operators experience: an objective support. Such objective support is to be obtained from experiments, during which the machine-tool actually performs the cutting process and the corresponding input and output
Flexible human machine interface for process diagnostics
Reifman, J.; Graham, G.E.; Wei, T.Y.C. [Argonne National Lab., IL (United States); Brown, K.R.; Chin, R.Y. [ComEd Chicago, IL (United States)
A flexible human machine interface to design and display graphical and textual process diagnostic information is presented. The system operates on different computer hardware platforms, including PCs under MS Windows and UNIX Workstations under X-Windows, in a client-server architecture. The interface system is customized for specific process applications in a graphical user interface development environment by overlaying the image of the process piping and instrumentation diagram with display objects that are highlighted in color during diagnostic display. Customization of the system is presented for Commonwealth Edison`s Braidwood PWR Chemical and Volume Control System with transients simulated by a full-scale operator-training simulator and diagnosed by a computer-based system.
Evaluation of machining dispersions for turning process
Arnaud Lefebvre; Valery Wolff
In this article we propose to extend the model of simulation of dispersions in turning based on the geometrical specifications. Our study is articulated around two trends of development: the first trend relates to the geometrical model. The geometrical model suggested must allow a follow-up of the geometry of the part during the simulation of machining. It is thus a question of carrying out a systematic treatment of the whole dimensioning and tolerancing process while being based on the principles of the \\DeltaL method. We also planned to integrate this type of specification in the model of simulation of machining suggested. It is more generally a question of extending the traditional model for better taking into account the multi axis specification of coaxiality and perpendicularity on the turned workpieces. The second trend of our study relates to the widening of the field of application of the model. We propose to extend the field of application of the model by taking into account the modifications of several parameters of the manufacturing process plans, likely to involve variations of dispersions.
Rapid tooling aided by reverse engineering to manufacture EDM electrodes
Jos� Carvalho Ferreira; Artur S. Mateus; Nuno F. Alves
The present work deals with the application of indirect rapid tooling (RT) technology to manufacture electrical discharge\\u000a machining (EDM) copper electrodes from investment casting, with wax prototypes made by ThermoJet 3D printing, a rapid prototyping\\u000a (RP) technique. The reverse engineering (RE) method is utilised to transform the point cloud data of an object surface, obtained\\u000a from 3D digitising, in a
Simulation of Fatigue Crack Initiation at Corrosion Pits With EDM Notches
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Smith, Stephen W.; Newman, John A.; Piascik, Robert S.
Uniaxial fatigue tests were conducted to compare the fatigue life of laboratory produced corrosion pits, similar to those observed in the shuttle main landing gear wheel bolt-hole, and an electro-discharged-machined (EDM) flaw. EDM Jaws are used to simulate corrosion pits during shuttle wheel (dynamometer) testing. The aluminum alloy, (AA 7050) laboratory fatigue tests were conducted to simulate the local stress level contained in the wheel bolt-hole. Under this high local stress condition, the EDM notch produced a fatigue life similar to test specimens containing corrosion pits of similar size. Based on the laboratory fatigue test results, the EDM Jaw (semi-circular disc shaped) produces a local stress state similar to corrosion pits and can be used to simulate a corrosion pit during the shuttle wheel dynamometer tests.
Concurrent optimization of machining process parameters and tolerance allocation
V. Janakiraman; R. Saravanan
With the advent use of sophisticated and high-cost machines coupled with higher labor costs, concurrent optimization of machining\\u000a process parameters and tolerance allocation plays a vital role in producing the parts economically. In this paper, an effort\\u000a is made to concurrently optimize the manufacturing cost of piston and cylinder components by optimizing the operating parameters\\u000a of the machining processes. Design
Rapid prototyping of zirconium diboride/copper electrical discharge machining electrodes
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Stucker, Brent Eric
The acceptance of rapid prototyping (RP) as the predominant technique for producing polymer and paper parts directly from computer-aided design (CAD) models has led many corporations and universities to try to extend its capabilities to more robust materials. In addition to producing prototype metal and ceramic parts, a significant effort has been made to create parts that are useful as tools and dies or that reduce the time necessary to create tools and dies. Most materials used for tools and dies are very hard, because they need to be able to withstand millions of cycles before failing. Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is the most common method used to machine tools and dies out of hard materials. A method for producing EDM electrodes using RP could greatly reduce the time and cost involved in creating tools and dies. A new EDM electrode material made up of zirconium diboride and copper (ZrBsb2/Cu) that is superior to traditional EDM electrodes has been investigated. The processing techniques necessary for creating Zrsb2/Cu electrodes from powders of ZrB2 and copper have been developed. These ZrBsb2/Cu electrodes have a better wear ratio and a faster sink rate than graphite, copper or tungsten/copper EDM electrodes. Performance variables that were tracked are: (1) wear ratio, (2) sink rate and (3) surface finish, where ZrBsb2/Cu, copper, graphite and W/Cu were used as anodes (electrodes) and stainless steel as cathodes (workpieces). The ZrBsb2/Cu electrode material system retains its superior EDM electrode performance across a number of materials processing and compositional variations. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the electrodes after EDM. These SEM observations facilitated an understanding of the superior EDM electrode performance characteristics of ZrBsb2/Cu to traditional EDM electrode material systems. A method for creating geometrically-complex ZrBsb2/Cu EDM electrodes using the selective laser sintering (SLS) RP technique was developed. Polymer coated ZrBsb2 powders are processed in a SLS machine to produce the desired geometry. Subsequent polymer burnout, sintering of the ZrBsb2 and copper infiltration are performed in a high-temperature furnace.
A generic abstract machine for stochastic process calculi
Lo�c Paulev�; Simon Youssef; Matthew R. Lakin; Andrew Phillips
This paper presents a generic abstract machine for simulating a broad range of process calculi with an arbitrary reaction-based simulation algorithm. The abstract machine is instantiated to a particular calculus by defining two functions: one for transforming a process of the calculus to a set of species, and another for computing the set of possible reactions between species. Unlike existing
A micromachining process for die-scale pattern transfer in ceramics and its application to bulk piezoelectric actuators
Tao Li; Yogesh B. Gianchandani
This paper reports on a batch mode planar pattern transfer process for bulk ceramics, glass, and other hard, brittle, nonconductive materials suitable for micromachined transducers and packages. The process is named LEEDUS, as it combines lithography, electroplating, batch mode micro electro-discharge machining (?EDM) and batch mode micro ultrasonic machining (?USM). An electroplating mold is first created on a silicon or
Manufacturing and performance of ceramic/metal matrix composite electrical discharge machining electrodes
Kim, Eugene Ty
The manufacturing and performance of ceramic/metal matrix composite (cermet) electrical discharge machining (EDM) electrodes have been investigated. The processing techniques necessary for creating TiB2/Cu, TaC/Cu, TaC/Cu(s), TaC/CuNi, TaC/Al, Nb...
Study of the Diffusion of Carbon, Its Sources, and Effect on Finishing Micro-EDM Performance of Cemented Carbide
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Jahan, M. P.; Rahman, M.; Wong, Y. S.
Apart from the necessity of surface modification based on different applications, in most of the cases, diffusion of carbon or foreign particles on the workpiece surface during micro-electrodischarge machining (micro-EDM) is avoidable, especially in finishing micro-EDM. This study aims to investigate different sources of materials that migrate to the machined surface during fine-finishing of micro-EDM of cemented tungsten carbide (WC-Co). The machined surfaces have been examined under scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive x-ray to investigate the changes in chemical composition. It has been observed that during finishing of micro-EDM, the major source of materials' transfer to both the workpiece and electrode is the diffusion of carbon that comes from the decomposition of the hydrocarbon dielectric. In addition, materials from both workpiece and electrode transfer to each other based on machining conditions and discharge energy. The migration occurs more frequently at lower gap voltages during die-sinking with micro-EDM because of low spark gap and stationary tool electrode. Milling micro-EDM results in lower amount of carbon migration and fewer surface defects that improve the overall surface finish significantly.
An experimental study on micro-EDM in low-resistivity deionized water using short voltage pulses
Minh Dang Nguyen; Mustafizur Rahman; Yoke San Wong
Deionized water has been used as dielectric fluid for micro-electrical discharge machining (micro-EDM) because it gives higher\\u000a material removal rate and lower tool wear than hydrocarbon oil. Moreover, it is a relatively low-cost and eco-friendly substance.\\u000a Therefore, deionized water tends to be more favorable for micro-EDM. However, it causes weak electrochemical reaction during\\u000a micro-EDM due to its slight conductivity. This
State machine analysis of sensor data from dynamic processes
Cook, William R.; Brabson, John M.; Deland, Sharon M.
A state machine model analyzes sensor data from dynamic processes at a facility to identify the actual processes that were performed at the facility during a period of interest for the purpose of remote facility inspection. An inspector can further input the expected operations into the state machine model and compare the expected, or declared, processes to the actual processes to identify undeclared processes at the facility. The state machine analysis enables the generation of knowledge about the state of the facility at all levels, from location of physical objects to complex operational concepts. Therefore, the state machine method and apparatus may benefit any agency or business with sensored facilities that stores or manipulates expensive, dangerous, or controlled materials or information.
Connection Machine Lisp: fine-grained parallel symbolic processing
Guy L. Steele Jr.; W. Daniel Hillis
Connection Machine Lisp is a dialect of Lisp extended to al- low a fine.grained, data-oriented style of parallel execution. We introduce a new data structure, the xapping, that is like a sparse array whose elements can be processed in parallel. This kind of processing is suitable for implementation by such fine.grained parallel computers as the Connection Machine System and NON-
Process for laser machining and surface treatment
Neil, George R.; Shinn, Michelle D.
An improved method and apparatus increasing the accuracy and reducing the time required to machine materials, surface treat materials, and allow better control of defects such as particulates in pulsed laser deposition. The speed and quality of machining is improved by combining an ultrashort pulsed laser at high average power with a continuous wave laser. The ultrashort pulsed laser provides an initial ultrashort pulse, on the order of several hundred femtoseconds, to stimulate an electron avalanche in the target material. Coincident with the ultrashort pulse or shortly after it, a pulse from a continuous wave laser is applied to the target. The micromachining method and apparatus creates an initial ultrashort laser pulse to ignite the ablation followed by a longer laser pulse to sustain and enlarge on the ablation effect launched in the initial pulse. The pulse pairs are repeated at a high pulse repetition frequency and as often as desired to produce the desired micromachining effect. The micromachining method enables a lower threshold for ablation, provides more deterministic damage, minimizes the heat affected zone, minimizes cracking or melting, and reduces the time involved to create the desired machining effect.
Characteristic Cutting Signals for Machined Surface Condition Monitoring in Micro milling Processes
Su-Hoon Jang; Ik-Soo Jang; Jeong-Suk Kim; Tae-Ku Choi; Min-Su Gu
The demands of mechanical precision micro machining technology have increased due to the need for micro scale precision shapes and parts in biotechnology, optics, and machinery. In the micro-machining process, the machining parameters must be controlled in order to improve the precision and quality of machined parts. Improvements must be made in exclusive precision machining and extensive study of machining
Modern Technologies for Processing Wastes from Machining Operations
V. V. Zharikov
There are currently many methods available for processing and recycling wastes from machining operations [1]. Although some of them consume large amounts of energy and require special equipment or special processing regimes (remelting, comminution, sintering in heating furnaces, hot and cold pressing), significant amounts of the raw material are also lost in the process. For example, the losses incurred in
Search for a permanent EDM using laser cooled radioactive atom
Y. Sakemi; K. Harada; T. Hayamizu; M. Itoh; H. Kawamura; S. Liu; H. S. Nataraj; A. Oikawa; M. Saito; T. Sato; H. P. Yoshida; T. Aoki; A. Hatakeyama; T. Murakami; K. Imai; K. Hatanaka; T. Wakasa; Y. Shimizu; M. Uchida
An Electric Dipole Moment (EDM) of the elementary particle is a good prove to observe the phenomena beyond the Standard Model. A non-zero EDM shows the violation of the time reversal symmetry, and under the CPT invariance it means the CP violation. In paramagnetic atoms, an electron EDM results in an atomic EDM enhanced by the factor of the 3rd
Human Machine Interface Using OPC (OLE for Process Control)
M. Raafay Anwar; Osama Anwar; Syed Faisal Shamim; A. A. Zahid
This paper discusses Human Machine Interface HMI System, OLE for Process Control (OPC) and their roles, coordination and functionality in Industrial Automation Technology. HMI is software that provides a front end to the industrial automation system. It basically consists of components that represent industrial devices e.g. Motors, Pumps, Valves, and Dampers etc. Here we have used OPC (OLE for process
Biomedical signal processing --application of optimization methods for machine learning
Absil, Pierre-Antoine
Biomedical signal processing -- application of optimization methods for machine learning problems Helmholtz Zentrum M�unchen http://cmb.helmholtz-muenchen.de Grenoble, 16-Sep-2008 F. Theis Biomedical signal Biomedical signal processing -- application of optimization methods for machi #12;Data mining cocktail
Machine Processing Issues in Crop Type Identification and Estimation
Forrest G. Hall
Machine processing techniques which utilize remotely sensed data to estimate crop acreage have been extensively evaluated in several large scale experiments, beginning in 1972 with the Crop Identification Technology Assessment for Remote Sensing (CITARS) and more recently, the Large Area Crop Inventory Experiment (LACIE). Landsat multispectral scanner data acquired over several major global agricultural regions, has been processed using state-of-the-art
3 He Co-magnetometer Readout for the SNS nEDM Experiment
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kim, Young Jin; Clayton, Steven
A search for a permanent electric dipole moment (EDM) of the neutron would provide one of the most important low energy tests of the discrete symmetries beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. A new experimental search of neutron EDM, to be conducted at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at ORNL, has been proposed with a goal of 100-fold improvement in the present experimental limit of 10-26e .cm The experiment is based on the magnetic-resonance technique in which polarized neutrons precess at the Larmor frequency when placed in a static magnetic field; a non-zero EDM would be evident as a difference in precession frequency when a strong electric field is applied parallel vs. anti-parallel to the magnetic field. In addition to its role as neutron spin-analyzer via the spin-dependent n+3He nuclear capture process, polarized helium-3 (which has negligible EDM) will serve as co-magnetometer to correct for drifts in the magnetic field. The helium-3 co-magnetometer will be directly read out by superconducting gradiometers coupled to SQUIDs. We describe a proposed SQUID system suitable for the complex neutron EDM apparatus, and demonstrate that the field noise in the SQUID system, tested in an environment similar to the EDM apparatus, meets the nEDM requirement. We also present a test of the compatibility of low-noise SQUID operation with other devices, potential sources of electromagnetic interference, which are necessarily operating during the EDM measurement period and effective ambient magnetic field noise cancellation with an implementation of reference channels.
An experimental study on electro-discharge machining and polishing of high strength copper�beryllium alloys
J. C Rebelo; A Mor�o Dias; Ruy Mesquita; Paulo Vassalo; M�rio Santos
An experimental study on the effect of electro-discharge machining (EDM) parameters on material removal rate (MRR) and surface quality, when machining high strength copper�beryllium alloys is presented. Processing parameters for rough, finishing and micro-finishing or polishing regimes were analysed, as well as the effect of the introduction of planetary motion and a relaxed oscillation waveform delivered by a relaxation circuit
Controlled English to facilitate human/machine analytical processing
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Braines, Dave; Mott, David; Laws, Simon; de Mel, Geeth; Pham, Tien
Controlled English is a human-readable information representation format that is implemented using a restricted subset of the English language, but which is unambiguous and directly accessible by simple machine processes. We have been researching the capabilities of CE in a number of contexts, and exploring the degree to which a flexible and more human-friendly information representation format could aid the intelligence analyst in a multi-agent collaborative operational environment; especially in cases where the agents are a mixture of other human users and machine processes aimed at assisting the human users. CE itself is built upon a formal logic basis, but allows users to easily specify models for a domain of interest in a human-friendly language. In our research we have been developing an experimental component known as the "CE Store" in which CE information can be quickly and flexibly processed and shared between human and machine agents. The CE Store environment contains a number of specialized machine agents for common processing tasks and also supports execution of logical inference rules that can be defined in the same CE language. This paper outlines the basic architecture of this approach, discusses some of the example machine agents that have been developed, and provides some typical examples of the CE language and the way in which it has been used to support complex analytical tasks on synthetic data sources. We highlight the fusion of human and machine processing supported through the use of the CE language and CE Store environment, and show this environment with examples of highly dynamic extensions to the model(s) and integration between different user-defined models in a collaborative setting.
Effects of flushing on electro-discharge machined surfaces
Y. S. Wong; L. C. Lim; L. C. Lee
Although the influence of flushing on the efficiency and stability of machining conditions in EDM has been extensively investigated, including the effects of the flushing configuration on the wear of the tool and the profile of the workpiece, little has been reported concerning the effects of flushing on the integrity of the electro-discharge machined (EDMed) surfaces. This paper presents the
Modelling and Simulation of Machining Processes
M. Vaz Jr; D. R. J. Owen; V. Kalhori; M. Lundblad; L.-E. Lindgren
The modelling of metal cutting has proved to be particularly complex due to the diversity of physical phe- nomena involved, including thermo-mechanical coupling, contact\\/friction and material failure. The present work out- lines the wide range of complex physical phenomena in- volved in the chip formation in a descriptive manner. In order to improve and understand the process different nu- merical
Embedded fuzzy-control system for machining processes
R. E. Haber; J. R. Alique; A. Alique; J. Hern�ndez; R. Uribe-Etxebarria
In this paper a fuzzy-control system has been designed, implemented and embedded in an open CNC. The integration process, design steps and results of applying an embedded fuzzy-control system are shown through the example of real machining operations. The controller uses internal CNC signals (i.e. spindle-motor current) that are gathered and mathematically processed by means of an integrated application. The
The Evolutionary Design Model (EDM) for the design of complex engineered systems : Masdar City as a case study
Alfaris, Anas (Anas Faris)
This thesis develops a framework for constructing an Evolutionary Design Model (EDM) that would enhance the design of complex systems through an efficient process. The framework proposed is generic and suggests a group of ...
CNC electrical discharge machining centers
Jaggars, S.R.
Computer numerical control (CNC) electrical discharge machining (EDM) centers were investigated to evaluate the application and cost effectiveness of establishing this capability at Allied-Signal Inc., Kansas City Division (KCD). In line with this investigation, metal samples were designed, prepared, and machined on an existing 15-year-old EDM machine and on two current technology CNC EDM machining centers at outside vendors. The results were recorded and evaluated. The study revealed that CNC EDM centers are a capability that should be established at KCD. From the information gained, a machine specification was written and a shop was purchased and installed in the Engineering Shop. The older machine was exchanged for a new model. Additional machines were installed in the Tool Design and Fabrication and Precision Microfinishing departments. The Engineering Shop machine will be principally used for the following purposes: producing deep cavities in small corner radii, machining simulated casting models, machining difficult-to-machine materials, and polishing difficult-to-hand polish mold cavities. 2 refs., 18 figs., 3 tabs.
Surface integrity evolution from main cut mode to finish trim cut mode in W-EDM of shape memory alloy
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Liu, J. F.; Li, L.; Guo, Y. B.
Shape memory alloys such as Nitinol are widely used in medical, aerospace, actuator, and machine tool industries. However, Nitinol is a very difficult-to-machine material due to the superelasticity, high ductility, and severe strain-hardening. The machined surface should have tailored micro texture to enhance cell adhesion. This study explores the process capability of W-EDM (DI-water based dielectric) in machining Ni50.8Ti49.2 by one main cut (MC) mode followed by four trim cut (TC) modes. Experimental results show that the 6-sigma distributions of Ra are very different between MC mode and finish TC mode. Thick white layers (2-8 ?m) with microcracks in MC mode and very thin white layers (0-2 ?m) free of those defects in finish TC mode can be observed. However, microcracks would not propagate into the heat affected zone (HAZ) below the white layer. The microhardness of white layer by TC mode is about 50% higher than that by MC mode. In addition, Ni is the dominant element for the measured microhardness.
The role of EDM in information management within SMEs
Erik A. M. Borglund; Anneli Sundqvist
Electronic document management (EDM) is a new form of information management. EDM is described to have certain business values in organizations, but no research has been found about EDM and Small and Medium sized Enterprises (SME). In this paper we present an ongoing investigation in two SMEs guided by the following research questions: \\
Experimental characterization of the inner surface in micro-drilling of spray holes: A comparison between ultrashort pulsed laser and EDM
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Romoli, L.; Rashed, C. A. A.; Fiaschi, M.
In this research, the inner surface characteristics of micro-drilled holes of fuel injector nozzles were analyzed by Shear Force Microscopy (SHFM). The surface texture was characterized by maximum peak-to-valley distance and periodicity whose dimensions were related to the adopted energy. 180 �m diameter holes were drilled using ultrashort pulsed laser process using pulse energies within the range of 10-50 �J. Laser ablated surfaces in the tested energy range offer a smooth texture with a peculiar periodic structure with a variation in height between 60 and 90 nm and almost constant periodicity. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) photograph of the Laser Induced Periodic Surface Structure (LIPSS) showed the co-existence of Low Spatial Frequency LIPSS (LSFL) and High Spatial Frequency LIPSS (HSFL). A comparative analysis was carried out between the highest laser pulse energy in the tested range energy laser drilling which enables the shortest machining time and micro-Electrical Discharge Machining (�-EDM). On the contrary, results showed that surfaces obtained by electro-erosion are characterized by a random distribution of craters with a total excursion up to 1.5 �m with a periodicity of 10 �m. The mean-squared surface roughness (Rq) derived from the scanned maps ranges between 220 and 560 nm for �-EDM, and between 50 and 100 nm for fs-pulses laser drilling.
A Fast Algorithm for Multi-Machine Scheduling Problems with Jobs of Equal Processing Times
Paris-Sud XI, Universit� de
A Fast Algorithm for Multi-Machine Scheduling Problems with Jobs of Equal Processing Times preemption on m identical machines with given release and deadline times. The goal is to produce a schedule processing time p and needs to be allocated on one of the m identical machines. Jobs are not allowed
Machine processing of ERTS and ground truth data
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Rogers, R. H. (principal investigator); Peacock, K.
The author has identified the following significant results. Results achieved by ERTS-Atmospheric Experiment PR303, whose objective is to establish a radiometric calibration technique, are reported. This technique, which determines and removes solar and atmospheric parameters that degrade the radiometric fidelity of ERTS-1 data, transforms the ERTS-1 sensor radiance measurements to absolute target reflectance signatures. A radiant power measuring instrument and its use in determining atmospheric parameters needed for ground truth are discussed. The procedures used and results achieved in machine processing ERTS-1 computer -compatible tapes and atmospheric parameters to obtain target reflectance are reviewed.
Automatic signal processing of front monitor radar for tunneling machines
Sato, Toru [Kyoto Univ. (Japan). Dept. of Electronics and Communication] [Kyoto Univ. (Japan). Dept. of Electronics and Communication; Takeda, Kenya [NTT Co. Ltd., Chiba (Japan)] [NTT Co. Ltd., Chiba (Japan); Nagamatsu, Takashi [Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)] [Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., Tokyo (Japan); Wakayama, Toshio [Mitsubishi Electric Corp., Kamakura, Kanagawa (Japan)] [Mitsubishi Electric Corp., Kamakura, Kanagawa (Japan); Kimura, Iwane [Osaka Inst. of Tech., Hirakata, Osaka (Japan)] [Osaka Inst. of Tech., Hirakata, Osaka (Japan); Shinbo, Tetsuya [Komatsu Co. Ltd., Kanagawa (Japan)] [Komatsu Co. Ltd., Kanagawa (Japan)
It is planned to install a front monitoring impulse radar on the surface of the rotating drill of tunneling machines in order to detect obstacles such as casing pipes of vertical borings. The conventional aperture synthesis technique can no more be applied to such cases because the radar image of a pipe dies not constituent a hyperbola as is the case for linear scanning radars. The authors have developed a special purpose signal processing algorithm with the aid of the discrete model fitting method, which can be used for any pattern of scanning. The details of the algorithm are presented together with the results of numerical simulations and test site experiments.
Electrolysis Free Micro EDM in Water Using Electrostatic Induction Feeding Method
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Koyano, Tomohiro; Kunieda, Masanori
This paper describes the machining characteristics of electrolysis-free micro EDM in water using the electrostatic induction feeding method. With the electrostatic induction feeding method, if deionized water is used for the working liquid, electrolysis can be prevented because bipolar voltage is applied to the working gap. Results of micro-holes drilling showed that the material removal rate with deionized water is higher than that with oil, and the oversize of holes machined in deionized water is smaller. Moreover, micro-holes could be drilled successfully even in a tap water with the oversize of several micrometers using this method.
A Study on the Optimization Performance of Fireworks and Cuckoo Search Algorithms in Laser Machining Processes
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Goswami, D.; Chakraborty, S.
Laser machining is a promising non-contact process for effective machining of difficult-to-process advanced engineering materials. Increasing interest in the use of lasers for various machining operations can be attributed to its several unique advantages, like high productivity, non-contact processing, elimination of finishing operations, adaptability to automation, reduced processing cost, improved product quality, greater material utilization, minimum heat-affected zone and green manufacturing. To achieve the best desired machining performance and high quality characteristics of the machined components, it is extremely important to determine the optimal values of the laser machining process parameters. In this paper, fireworks algorithm and cuckoo search (CS) algorithm are applied for single as well as multi-response optimization of two laser machining processes. It is observed that although almost similar solutions are obtained for both these algorithms, CS algorithm outperforms fireworks algorithm with respect to average computation time, convergence rate and performance consistency.
Field-emission-assisted approach to dry micro-electro-discharge machining of carbon-nanotube forests
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Saleh, Tanveer; Dahmardeh, Masoud; Bsoul, Anas; Nojeh, Alireza; Takahata, Kenichi
This work investigates dry micro-electro-discharge machining (?EDM) of vertically aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) forests that are used as cathodes in the process, as opposed to conventional ?EDM where the material to be machined forms the anode, toward achieving higher precision in the patterned microstructures. The new configuration with the reversed polarity is observed to generate higher discharge currents in the process, presumably due to effective field-emission from CNTs. This effect allows the process to be performed at very low discharge energies, approximately 80� smaller than in the conventional normal-polarity case, with the machining voltage and tolerance down to 10 V and 2.5 ?m, respectively, enabling high-precision high-aspect-ratio micropatterning in the forests. The new approach is also demonstrated to make the process faster, cleaner, and more stable than conventional processing. Spectroscopic analyses of the forests processed by reverse ?EDM show no evidence of significant crystalline deterioration or contamination in the CNTs.
One of the ways of attaining higher productivity and profitability in machining processes is toenhance process supervision and control systems. Because of the nonlinear behavior andcomplexity of machining processes, researchers have used knowledge-based techniques toimprove the performance of such systems. Their main reason for using this approach is that asuitable process model is indispensable for both automatic supervision and control,
CryoEDM: A cryogenic experiment to measure the neutron electric dipole moment
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
van der Grinten, M. G. D.; CryoEDM Collaboration; Balashov, S. N.; Francis, V.; Green, K.; Iaydjiev, P. S.; Ivanov, S. N.; Khazov, A.; Tucker, M. A. H.; Wark, D. L.; Davidson, A.; Hardiman, M.; Harris, P. G.; Katsika, K.; Pendlebury, J. M.; Peeters, S. J. M.; Shiers, D. B.; Smith, P.; Townsley, C.; Wardell, I.; Clarke, C.; Henry, S.; Kraus, H.; McCann, M.; Geltenbort, P.; Yoshiki, Y.
CryoEDM is an experiment that aims to measure the electric dipole moment (EDM) of the neutron to a precision of 10 -28 e cm. A description of CryoEDM, the apparatus, technologies and commissioning is presented.
1nEDM collaboration Technical Design Report of nEDM collaboration
Titov, Anatoly
coatings Task 7c. Improvement of vacuum equipment and coating facilities at PNPI Task 8a,b. UCN traps, HV-frequency into the neutron one Task 6a. Vacuum housings (vacuum chamber and housing of neutron guide system) Task 6b. Vacuum equipment Task 6c. Assembling of EDM spectrometer at PNPI Task 7a,b. Neutron guide coatings, UCN trap
A review of machining monitoring systems based on artificial intelligence process models
Jose Vicente Abellan-Nebot; Fernando Romero Subir�n
Many machining monitoring systems based on artificial intelligence (AI) process models have been successfully developed in\\u000a the past for optimising, predicting or controlling machining processes. In general, these monitoring systems present important\\u000a differences among them, and there are no clear guidelines for their implementation. In order to present a generic view of\\u000a machining monitoring systems and facilitate their implementation, this
Machining Performance Optimization in End ED Milling and Mechanical Grinding Compound Process
Renjie Ji; Yonghong Liu; Yanzhen Zhang; Fei Wang; Baoping Cai; Xin Dong
Silicon carbide (SiC) ceramic has been widely used in modern industry for its excellent physical and mechanical properties. However, SiC ceramic is difficult to machine owing to its high hardness and brittleness. This article presents a novel compound process that integrates end electric discharge (ED) milling and mechanical grinding to machine SiC ceramic. The process is able to effectively machine
Machining Performance Optimization in End ED Milling and Mechanical Grinding Compound Process
Renjie Ji; Yonghong Liu; Yanzhen Zhang; Fei Wang; Baoping Cai; Xin Dong
Silicon carbide (SiC) ceramic has been widely used in modern industry for its excellent physical and mechanical properties. However, SiC ceramic is difficult to machine owing to its high hardness and brittleness. This paper presents a novel compound process that integrates end electric discharge (ED) milling and mechanical grinding to machine SiC ceramic. The process is able to effectively machine
An investigation of tool-wear monitoring in a high-speed machining process
Rodolfo E. Haber; Jose E. Jim�nez; C. Ronei Peres; Jos� R. Alique
The monitoring of high-speed machining processes is a key issue for ensuring better use of new machine-tool capabilities. An investigation of tool-wear monitoring in a high-speed machining process on the basis of the analysis of different signals� signatures in the time and frequency domains is presented in this paper. Sensorial information from relevant sensors (i.e., dynamometer, accelerometer and acoustic-emission (AE)
Wire vibration, bowing, and breakage in wire electrical discharge machining
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Arunachalam, C.; Aulia, M.; Bozkurt, B.; Eubank, P. T.
This article provides an analysis of the wire electrical discharge machining (EDM) process. The causes of wire vibration, bowing, and breakage are identified. The cross sectional configuration of an eroded wire is derived from basic physics under the assumption that the erosion rate is constant. This configuration is verified experimentally with further explanation as to why numerous experimental studies have yielded different configurations. A computational model has been developed that can evaluate the systematic effects that lead to wire breakage by determining the stress induced by wire erosion and the stress induced by the sparks during the operation of a wire-cutting EDM machine. This model is also capable of determining the extent of wire bowing and vibrations in these machines but only in the frontal direction. The model is supported by data from experiments performed on an AGIECUT 612 wire machine cutting a 10 mm high copper bar with a 0.15 mm brass wire to acquire wire breakage data. The nearly parabolic shape of the bowed wire agrees with the results of other authors making more restrictive assumptions.
29 CFR 570.61 - Occupations in the operation of power-driven meat-processing machines and occupations involving...
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
...Occupations in the operation of power-driven meat-processing machines and occupations involving slaughtering, meat and poultry packing, processing, or rendering...Occupations in the operation of power-driven meat-processing machines and occupations...
A Framework for Machine Vision based on Neuro-Mimetic Front End Processing and Clustering
Madhow, Upamanyu
A Framework for Machine Vision based on Neuro-Mimetic Front End Processing and Clustering Emre-normalized) and approaching it for MNIST. I. INTRODUCTION Neuro-inspiration has played a key role in machine learn- ing over") convolutional nets [1], [2], [3], [4], which loosely mimic the natural hierarchy of visual processing. Neuro
Machining of electrically conductive CVD diamond tool blanks using EDM
R. H. Olsen; R. C. Dewes; D. K. Aspinwall
The paper reviews the manufacture, microstructure and physical\\/mechanical properties of thick film chemical vapour deposited (CVD) diamond in relation to its use for cutting tools. In contrast to polycrystalline diamond (PCD), CVD diamond contains no metallic second phase, its microstructure comprising solely of columnar diamond grains. Experimental research involving an L27 Taguchi orthogonal array is presented relating to the electrical
Scheduling Jobs with Variable Job Processing Times on Unrelated Parallel Machines
Zhang, Guang-Qian; Wang, Jian-Jun; Liu, Ya-Jing
m unrelated parallel machines scheduling problems with variable job processing times are considered, where the processing time of a job is a function of its position in a sequence, its starting time, and its resource allocation. The objective is to determine the optimal resource allocation and the optimal schedule to minimize a total cost function that dependents on the total completion (waiting) time, the total machine load, the total absolute differences in completion (waiting) times on all machines, and total resource cost. If the number of machines is a given constant number, we propose a polynomial time algorithm to solve the problem. PMID:24982933
Slatton, Clint
1 A MONTE CARLO SEQUENTIAL ESTIMATION OF POINT PROCESS OPTIMUM FILTERING FOR BRAIN MACHINE Monte Carlo Sequential Estimation for Point Processes.................................................29 Simulation of Monte Carlo Sequential Estimation on Neural Spike Train Decoding............32 Interpretation
Flotation machine and process for removing impurities from coals
Szymocha, Kazimierz (Edmonton, CA); Ignasiak, Boleslaw (Edmonton, CA); Pawlak, Wanda (Edmonton, CA); Kulik, Conrad (Newark, CA); Lebowitz, Howard E. (Mountain View, CA)
The present invention is directed to a type of flotation machine that combines three separate operations in a single unit. The flotation machine is a hydraulic separator that is capable of reducing the pyrite and other mineral matter content of a coal. When the hydraulic separator is used with a flotation system, the pyrite and certain other minerals particles that may have been entrained by hydrodynamic forces associated with conventional flotation machines and/or by the attachment forces associated with the formation of microagglomerates are washed and separated from the coal.
Flotation machine and process for removing impurities from coals
Szymocha, Kazimierz (Edmonton, CA); Ignasiak, Boleslaw (Edmonton, CA); Pawlak, Wanda (Edmonton, CA); Kulik, Conrad (Newark, CA); Lebowitz, Howard E. (Mountain View, CA)
The present invention is directed to a type of flotation machine that combines three separate operations in a single unit. The flotation machine is a hydraulic separator that is capable of reducing the pyrite and other mineral matter content of a coal. When the hydraulic separator is used with a flotation system, the pyrite and certain other minerals particles that may have been entrained by hydrodynamic forces associated with conventional flotation machines and/or by the attachment forces associated with the formation of microagglomerates are washed and separated from the coal.
Material modeling and high-speed machining process
D. Lee; W. W. Wilkening
Orthogonal machining experiments have been conducted at moderate speeds with 6061-T6 aluminum and Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloys to measure strain distributions in the deformed chip, using a grid technique. While the aluminum alloy displayed large uniform strain within continuous chips, the titanium alloy exhibited highly nonuniform strain distributions within segmented chips, a feature known to occur under high-speed machining. Concurrently, a
ITO, TAKEYASU [Los Alamos National Laboratory
The electric dipole moment of the neutron, leptons, and atoms provide a unique window to Physics Beyond the Standard Model. They are currently developing a new neutron EDM experiment (the nEDM Experiment). This experiment, which will be run at the 8.9 {angstrom} Neutron Line at the Fundamental Neutron Physics Beamline (FNPB) at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, will search for the neutron EDM with a sensitivity two orders of magnitude higher than the present limit. In this paper, the motivation for the experiment, the experimental method, and the present status of the experiment are discussed.
Machine Learning for Second Language Learning: Effects on Syntactic Processing in Garden-Path Sentences
Du Jia-li; Yu Ping-fang
With the rapid development of educational technologies, machine learning (ML) based second language learning (SLL) attracts the attention of many scholars from computational linguistics. Garden path (GP) sentence is a special sentence structure in which processing breakdown and backtracking are involved in the machine decoding. Faced with GP sentence, learners have to make original misinterpretation linger even after reanalysis has
Adaptive recognition of Chinese characters: imitation of psychological process in machine recognition
Yuan-yuan Yang
This paper is focused on imitation of human psychological process in machine recognition of Chinese characters. Some results of research on human Chinese character recognition have been discussed and unified into a compound mechanism with an adaptive and self-developing nature. A machine imitation model has been proposed for Chinese character recognition with different routines. By some simplification but with the
Rajesh Subramanian; H. James; Samuel Drake
Inspection is an important stage in the manufacturing process of machined parts. Coordinate measuring machines (CMM) have become more automatic, programmable, and capable of fulfilling the growing demands of inspection. However, fixturing (datum alignment) of parts is still done manually, consuming valuable inspection time. In this paper, we describe an automated datum alignment technique which integrates a vision system with
Rapid tooling of EDM electrodes by means of selective laser sintering
Holger D�rr; Rolf Pilz; Nuri Saad Eleser
Besides using the selective laser sintering of metal powder for tooling of, e.g., moulding dies, the sintering of EDM-electrodes is one modern development in the field of the Rapid Tooling. The electrodes are built up layer by layer using the 3-D CAD data. So far, a bronze�nickel powder mixture has been used. The made optimization of the sintering process parameters
Edward J. Beiting; James E. Pollard; Vadim Khayms; Lance Werthman
Radiated electric and magnetic fields, static magnetic fields, discharge oscillations, and conducted emissions were measured from a BPT-4000 Engineering Development Model (EDM) Hall thruster operating with a flight-like power processing unit (PPU) and xenon flow controller. Measurements were made at four operating conditions: a power of 3.0 kW with 300 V discharge voltage, 3.0 kW at 400 V, 4.5 kW
The control system of the Blind Hole Processing Machine based on PLC and touch-panel
Changhong Jiang; Lianfang Liu; Huiqun Liang; Shaozhong Lu
This article uses the working process of the Blind Hole Processing Machine as a reference object, describes a kind of automatic blind hole processing machine control system based on Siemens S7-200PLC and Siemens TP177B, at the same time discusses the stroke control of servo motor Combining the advantage of the PLC's flexible control interface with the touch-panel visual programming, this
Modeling and Simulation of High-Speed Machining Processes Based on Matlab\\/Simulink
Rodolfo E. Haber; Jos� R. Alique; Salvador Ros; Rodolfo Haber-haber
\\u000a This paper shows the mathematical development to derive the integral-differential equations and the algorithms implemented\\u000a in MATLAB to predict the cutting force in real time in high speed machining processes. This paper presents a cutting-force-based\\u000a model able to describe a high-speed machining process. The model considers the cutting force as an essential output variable\\u000a in the physical processes taking place
Networked sensing for high-speed machining processes based on CORBA
Rodolfo E. Haber; Karina Cantillo; Jose E. Jim�nez
The goal of this paper is to show preliminary results concerning the development of an open software platform supported by portable, low-cost technologies accepted worldwide (i.e., real-time CORBA), aiming at networked monitoring of a complex electromechanical process. A high-speed machining process was selected as a case study. Preliminary results in the networked real-time monitoring of a high-speed machining process were
Power metallurgy tool electrodes for electrical discharge machining
M. P. Samuel; P. K. Philip
Electrodes in electrical discharge machining (EDM) can be compared with cutting tools in conventional machining. Tool performance is one of the important factors that determine the quality of the machined component. Due to the ease of manufacturing and control over the properties of electrodes, the powder metallurgy (P\\/M) technique has an advantage over other methods of electrode fabrication. P\\/M electrodes
Direct selective laser sintering of high performance metals: Machine design, process development and process control
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Das, Suman
This dissertation describes the development of an advanced manufacturing technology known as Direct Selective Laser Sintering (Direct SLS). Direct SLS is a laser based rapid manufacturing technology that enables production of functional, fully dense, metal and cermet components via the direct, layerwise consolidation of constituent powders. Specifically, this dissertation focuses on a new, hybrid net shape manufacturing technique known as Selective Laser Sintering/Hot Isostatic Pressing (SLS/HIP). The objective of research presented in this dissertation was to establish the fundamental machine technology and processing science to enable direct SLS fabrication of metal components composed of high performance, high temperature metals and alloys. Several processing requirements differentiate direct SLS of metals from SLS of polymers or polymer coated powders. Perhaps the most important distinguishing characteristic is the regime of high temperatures involved in direct SLS of metals. Biasing the temperature of the feedstock powder via radiant preheat prior to and during SLS processing was shown to be beneficial. Preheating the powder significantly influenced the flow and wetting characteristics of the melt. During this work, it was conclusively established that powder cleanliness is of paramount importance for successful layerwise consolidation of metal powders by direct SLS. Sequential trials were conducted to establish optimal bake-out and degas cycles under high vacuum. These cycles agreed well with established practices in the powder metallurgy industry. A study of some of the important transport mechanisms in direct SLS of metals was undertaken to obtain a fundamental understanding of the underlying process physics. This study not only provides an explanation of phenomena observed during SLS processing of a variety of metallic materials but also helps in developing selection schemes for those materials that are most amenable to direct SLS processing. The development of machine, processing and control technologies during this research effort enabled successful production of a number of integrally canned test specimens in Alloy 625 (InconelRTM 625 superalloy) and Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The overall goal of this research was to develop direct SLS of metals armed with a fundamental understanding of the underlying physics. The knowledge gained from experimental and analytical work is essential for three key objectives: machine design, process development and process control. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Magnetic field uniformity for the nEDM experiment
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Slutsky, Simon; nEDM Collaboration
The nEDM experiment at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) will search for a neutron electric dipole moment (EDM) with a sensitivity of < 5 .10-28 e-cm. Neutrons will precess in a constant magnetic field and variable electric field, and non-zero neutron EDM will appear as a variation in the precession frequency. Gradients in the magnetic field lead to spurious EDM signals through a geometric phase effect. The volume averaged magnetic gradient must be below 0.1 ?G/cm to reach the desired sensitivity. In this talk, we describe an effort to produce such a uniform magnetic field in a laboratory using a cos (?) coil operated at cryogenic temperatures inside a superconducting lead shield.
An Open Architecture Real-Time Controller for Machining Processes
Galip Ulsoy; Jaehyun Park; Kang G. Shin; Yansong Shan; Yoram Koren; Zbigniew J. Pasek
This paper presents an open architecturecontroller (OAC) for advanced machining anddescribes the OAC testbed at the Universityof Michigan. Because our OAC is designed forfully open systems, it does not depend on specifichardware or software components. Thisopenness includes software resuability whichenables integration of a wide range of monitoringand control features. Besides openness,our OAC system provides guaranteedreal-time operation, an important requirementfor advanced...
Positron on Neutron capture reaction, radiative corrections and neutron EDM
Mikhail Khankhasayev; Carol Scarlett
This paper presents an analysis of the positron capture by a neutron reaction, which is just the inverse of the well-known neutrino capture by a proton reaction. The effect of the QED radiative corrections is investigated. In particular, the analysis considers the effects of treating the neutron as a composite object that can have an electric dipole moment (nEDM). For the case of unpolarized hadrons the effects of a nEDM appear to vanish.
Fundamental spatial array paper performance limitation analysis of multiple machine cross-directional processes
Junqiang Fan; Gregory E. Stewart
This paper presents a fundamental spatial performance limitation analysis method for multiple array paper machine cross-directional (CD) processes based on a two-dimensional (temporal and spatial) frequency decomposition method. Paper machine CD processes are spatially-distributed dynamical systems. Due to their (almost) spatially invariant characteristic, the models of these systems are considered as transfer matrices with rectangular circulant matrix blocks, whose input
A transputer-based shuffle-shift machine for image processing and reconstruction
H. Schomberg
A message-passing multicomputer is presented, and its application to image processing and reconstruction is outlined. The multicomputer may be seen as a one-dimensional array of computing nodes with bidirectional shuffle and shift connections. The resulting shuffle-shift machine is well suited for tasks like image processing and image reconstruction. A sample shuffle-shift machine has been built using transputers. The hardware and
Using multiple FPGA architectures for real-time processing of low-level machine vision functions
Thomas H. Drayer; William E. King; Joeseph G. Tront; R. W. Conners; Philip A. Araman
In this paper, we investigate the use of multiple field programmable gate array (FPGA) architectures for real-time machine vision processing. The use of FPGAs for low level processing represents an excellent tradeoff between software and special purpose hardware implementations. A library of modules that implement common low-level machine vision operations is presented. These modules are designed with gate-level hardware components
Design of a Virtual-Instrumentation System for a Machining Process
Eva Portillo; Itziar Cabanes; Marga Marcos; Dario Orive; Jos� Antonio S�nchez
This paper presents a virtual-instrumentation system (VIS) that aims at measuring the evolution of key magnitudes in a nonconventional machining process called wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM). The VIS consists of two well-different parts: the acquisition system that measures process signals (voltage and current) and the virtual measurement of relevant magnitudes (such as energy, peak-current distribution, and ignition delay time).
An Investigation of Machining Characteristics in Micro-scale Milling Process
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ku, Min-Su; Kang, Ik-Soo; Kim, Jeong-Suk
In this paper, an analytical solution of micro-scale milling process is presented in order to suggest available machining conditions. The size effect should be considered to determine cutting characteristics in micro-scale cutting. The feed per tooth is the most dominant cutting parameter related to the size effect in micro-scale milling process. In order to determine the feed per tooth at which chips can be formed, the finite element method is used. The finite element method is employed by utilizing the Johnson-Cook (JC) model as a constitutive model of work material flow stress. Machining experiments are performed to validate the simulation results by using a micro-machining stage. The validation is conducted by observing cutting force signals from a cutting tool and the conditions of the machined surface of the workpiece.
Hardening effect on machined surface for precise hard cutting process with consideration of tool wear
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Yue, Caixu; Liu, Xianli; Ma, Jing; Liu, Zhaojing; Liu, Fei; Yang, Yongheng
During hard cutting process there is severe thermodynamic coupling effect between cutting tool and workpiece, which causes quenching effect on finished surfaces under certain conditions. However, material phase transformation mechanism of heat treatment in cutting process is different from the one in traditional process, which leads to changes of the formation mechanism of damaged layer on machined workpiece surface. This paper researches on the generation mechanism of damaged layer on machined surface in the process of PCBN tool hard cutting hardened steel Cr12MoV. Rules of temperature change on machined surface and subsurface are got by means of finite element simulation. In phase transformation temperature experiments rapid transformation instrument is employed, and the effect of quenching under cutting conditions on generation of damaged layer is revealed. Based on that, the phase transformation points of temperature under cutting conditions are determined. By experiment, the effects of cutting speed and tool wear on white layer thickness in damaged layer are revealed. The temperature distribution law of third deformation zone is got by establishing the numerical prediction model, and thickness of white layer in damaged layer is predicted, taking the tool wear effect into consideration. The experimental results show that the model prediction is accurate, and the establishment of prediction model provides a reference for wise selection of parameters in precise hard cutting process. For the machining process with high demanding on surface integrity, the generation of damaged layer on machined surface can be controlled precisely by using the prediction model.
Processing and properties of ultra-high temperature ceramics for space applications
F. Monteverde; A. Bellosi; Luigi Scatteia
The processing and the properties of two ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTCs) designed for the manufacturing of aerospace sharp-shaped hot-structures are presented, along with the results obtained in the electrical discharge machining (EDM) of these UHTCs into sharp hot-structure components.The powder mixtures in the (ZrB2�SiC)-based systems were brought to full density by hot-pressing. The hot-pressed bodies were characterized by fine and
Artificial Neural Networks for detecting instability trends in different workpiece thicknesses in a machining process
E. Portillo; M. Marcos; I. Cabanes; A. Zubizarreta; J. A. Sanchez
This paper presents the use of artificial neural networks to diagnose degraded behaviours in wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM). The detection in advance of the degradation of the cutting process is crucial since this can lead to the breakage of the cutting tool (the wire), reducing the process productivity and the required accuracy. Concerning this, previous investigations have identified different
Toward intelligent machining: hierarchical fuzzy control for the end milling process
R. E. Haber; C. R. Peres; A. Alique; S. Ros; C. Gonzalez; J. R. Alique
The difficulties in implementing adaptive and other advanced control schemes in industrial machining processes have encouraged researchers to combine the utilization of one hierarchical level, a fuzzy control algorithm, and robust sensing systems. The main idea of this paper deals with self-regulating controllers (SRCs). The control signal's scaling factor (output scaling factor) is self-regulated during the control process, and it
Magnetic field uniformity for the nEDM experiment
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Slutsky, Simon; nEDM Collaboration
The nEDM experiment at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) will search for a neutron electric dipole moment (EDM) with a sensitivity of <5*10-28 e-cm. Neutrons will precess in a constant magnetic field and variable electric field, and non-zero neutron EDM will appear as a variation in the precession frequency correlated with the changing electric field. Geometric phase and neutron polarization lifetime effects constrain the allowed magnetic field gradient to below 0.1 uG/cm. Gradients nearly satisfying this requirement have been achieved using a cos(?) coil inside an open-ended superconducting lead shield operated at cryogenic temperatures and using the design electric fields. I will describe efforts to further improve the magnet design using a superconducting endcap.
Machine-Assisted Design of Business Process Models Using Descriptor Space Analysis
Maya Lincoln; Mati Golani; Avigdor Gal
\\u000a In recent years, researchers have become increasingly interested in developing methods and tools for automating the design\\u000a of business process models. This work suggests a method for machine-assisted design of new process models, based on business\\u000a logic that is extracted from real-life process repositories using a linguistic analysis of the relationships between constructs\\u000a of process descriptors. The analysis enables the
Micromechanical Machining Processes and their Application to Aerospace Structures, Devices and Systems
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Friedrich, Craig R.; Warrington, Robert O.
Micromechanical machining processes are those micro fabrication techniques which directly remove work piece material by either a physical cutting tool or an energy process. These processes are direct and therefore they can help reduce the cost and time for prototype development of micro mechanical components and systems. This is especially true for aerospace applications where size and weight are critical, and reliability and the operating environment are an integral part of the design and development process. The micromechanical machining processes are rapidly being recognized as a complementary set of tools to traditional lithographic processes (such as LIGA) for the fabrication of micromechanical components. Worldwide efforts in the U.S., Germany, and Japan are leading to results which sometimes rival lithography at a fraction of the time and cost. Efforts to develop processes and systems specific to aerospace applications are well underway.
On the performance enhancement of self-tuning adaptive control for time-varying machining processes
Y. H. Peng
This paper investigates efficient approaches to improve the performance of a self-tuning adaptive control system for time-varying machining processes. The milling process is a typical time-varying system because of variations of the cutting conditions, e.g., the change of cutting depths and variation of the cutting materials. On the other hand, the milling processes are considered as typically non-minimum phases since
Machine learning and predictive data analytics enabling metrology and process control in IC fabrication
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Rana, Narender; Zhang, Yunlin; Wall, Donald; Dirahoui, Bachir; Bailey, Todd C.
Integrate circuit (IC) technology is going through multiple changes in terms of patterning techniques (multiple patterning, EUV and DSA), device architectures (FinFET, nanowire, graphene) and patterning scale (few nanometers). These changes require tight controls on processes and measurements to achieve the required device performance, and challenge the metrology and process control in terms of capability and quality. Multivariate data with complex nonlinear trends and correlations generally cannot be described well by mathematical or parametric models but can be relatively easily learned by computing machines and used to predict or extrapolate. This paper introduces the predictive metrology approach which has been applied to three different applications. Machine learning and predictive analytics have been leveraged to accurately predict dimensions of EUV resist patterns down to 18 nm half pitch leveraging resist shrinkage patterns. These patterns could not be directly and accurately measured due to metrology tool limitations. Machine learning has also been applied to predict the electrical performance early in the process pipeline for deep trench capacitance and metal line resistance. As the wafer goes through various processes its associated cost multiplies. It may take days to weeks to get the electrical performance readout. Predicting the electrical performance early on can be very valuable in enabling timely actionable decision such as rework, scrap, feedforward, feedback predicted information or information derived from prediction to improve or monitor processes. This paper provides a general overview of machine learning and advanced analytics application in the advanced semiconductor development and manufacturing.
1 Introduction The Euclidean distance map (EDM) of a black
Fujiwara, Akihiro
the same algorithm and to compare the two Euclidean distances. The Euclidean distance from pixel (i; jTitle page 1 #12; 1 Introduction The Euclidean distance map (EDM) of a black and white n 2 n binary image is the n 2 n map where each element has the Euclidean distance between the corresponding pixel
The nEDM experiment at the SNS
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Tsentalovich, E. P.
The nEDM collaboration proposes to measure the neutron electric dipole moment at the Spallation Neutron Source (Oak Ridge National Laboratory). The nEDM is a clear signature of CP violation. According to the Standard Model the nEDM is very small (�10-31 e cm), but many theories predict much higher values. In the proposed experiment polarized cold neutrons from the SNS would be trapped in liquid helium at a temperature of about 400 mK. The neutron spin would precess in a very uniform magnetic field ( H � 30 mG), and the experiment would measure the change in the precession frequency when a very strong electric field ( E � 50 kV/cm) is applied. Polarized 3He atoms serve as a co-magnetometer. The goal of the experiment is to measure the nEDM with an accuracy of �9 � 10-28 e cm, which is more than an order of magnitude better than existing results.
Towards Improved Prediction of Ocean Processes Using Statistical Machine Learning
Sukhatme, Gaurav S.
current estimates from the Southern California Bight provided by the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS of the gold standards for ocean process predictions is the publicly available Regional Ocean Modeling System in the Southern California Bight region predicted by Regional Ocean Modeling Systems (ROMS) [3]. We propose data
Evaluation of Machine Learning Methods for Natural Language Processing Walter Daelemans, V eronique Hoste
Hoste, V�ronique
in use for comparing symbolic supervised learning methods applied to human language technol� ogy tasks an annotated corpus). The reason why these methods are researched intensively is that, like statisticalEvaluation of Machine Learning Methods for Natural Language Processing Tasks Walter Daelemans, V
A Face Processing System Based on Committee Machine: The Approach and Experimental
Lyu, Michael R.
and recognition. Our proposed system consists of two components, Face Detection Committee Machine (FDCM) and Face acceptance in face recognition and were proven with impressive result. 3 A face processing system We propose) Face Recognition. The system archi- tecture is shown in Fig. 1. We employ the color model to reduce
Tree-Based Inference for Dirichlet Process Mixtures Machine Learning Department
Heller, Katherine
Tree-Based Inference for Dirichlet Process Mixtures Yang Xu Machine Learning Department School and for general nonparametric Bayesian density es- timation. Unfortunately, like in many sta- tistical models, exact inference in a DPM is intractable, and approximate methods are needed to perform efficient
Solar activity detection and prediction using image processing and machine learning techniques
Gang Fu
The objective of the research in this dissertation is to develop the methods for automatic detection and prediction of solar activities, including prominence eruptions, emerging flux regions and solar flares. Image processing and machine learning techniques are applied in this study. These methods can be used for automatic observation of solar activities and prediction of space weather that may have
The Recognition of Cucumber Disease Based on Image Processing and Support Vector Machine
Tian Youwen; Li Tianlai; Niu Yan
A new method of recognizing cucumber leaf disease based on computer image processing and Support Vector Machine (SVM) is studied to improve recognition accuracy and efficiency. At first, vector median filter was applied to remove noise of the acquired color images of cucumber disease leaf. Then a method of statistic pattern recognition and mathematics morphology was introduced to segment images
ITR -(ASE + NHS) -(int): Intelligent Human-Machine Interface & Control for Highly Automated Chemical Screening Processes
Kaber, David B.
changed dramatically in the recent past. Toxicity tests that were once completed manually by human1 ITR - (ASE + NHS) - (int): Intelligent Human-Machine Interface & Control for Highly Automated Chemical Screening Processes 1. Introduction High-throughput, toxicity screening (testing) of dangerous
A Step-by-step Process to Build Conform UML Protocol State Machines
Paris-Sud XI, Universit� de
A Step-by-step Process to Build Conform UML Protocol State Machines Arnaud Lanoix LORIA � CNRS relation proposed in UML 2.0, in- spired from the work on formal methods as the specification refinement of these changes in terms of lost, added or changed global behaviors. UML 2.0 [22] introduces protocol state
ITR -(ASE + NHS) -(int): Intelligent Human-Machine Interface & Control for Highly Automated Chemical Screening Processes
Kaber, David B.
ITR - (ASE + NHS) - (int): Intelligent Human-Machine Interface & Control for Highly Automated architecture for modeling touch input devices (with portability), including tablet PC. #12;2005 Summer Conduct reconfiguration of interface for screening process operators. Create prototype of intelligent interface on tablet
Scheduling precedence-constrained jobs with stochastic processing times on parallel machines
Martin Skutella; Marc Uetz
We consider parallel machine scheduling problems where the jobs are subject to precedence constraints, and the processing times of jobs are governed by independent probability distributions. The objective is to minimize the weighted sum of job completion times ?, w, C, in expectation, where w, ⪈ 0. Building upon an LP-relaxation from [3] and an idle time charging scheme from
Etching process for improving the strength of a laser-machined silicon-based ceramic article
Copley, Stephen M. (Palos Verdes, CA); Tao, Hongyi (Covina, CA); Todd-Copley, Judith A. (Palos Verdes, CA)
A process for improving the strength of laser-machined articles formed of a silicon-based ceramic material such as silicon nitride, in which the laser-machined surface is immersed in an etching solution of hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid for a duration sufficient to remove substantially all of a silicon film residue on the surface but insufficient to allow the solution to unduly attack the grain boundaries of the underlying silicon nitride substrate. This effectively removes the silicon film as a source of cracks that otherwise could propagate downwardly into the silicon nitride substrate and significantly reduce its strength.
Etching process for improving the strength of a laser-machined silicon-based ceramic article
Copley, S.M.; Tao, H.; Todd-Copley, J.A.
A process is disclosed for improving the strength of laser-machined articles formed of a silicon-based ceramic material such as silicon nitride, in which the laser-machined surface is immersed in an etching solution of hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid for a duration sufficient to remove substantially all of a silicon film residue on the surface but insufficient to allow the solution to unduly attack the grain boundaries of the underlying silicon nitride substrate. This effectively removes the silicon film as a source of cracks that otherwise could propagate downwardly into the silicon nitride substrate and significantly reduce its strength. 1 figure.
Intermittent process measurement and process capability analysis using MP700 touch trigger probe on a CNC machining center
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Shiou, Fang-Jung; Su, Po-Chuan
This study developed an intermittent process measurement system by integrating a MP700 touch trigger probe system with a machining center to measure a workpiece containing freeform surface and regular geometric features, and to do the statistical process control analysis. The whole measuring system, consisting of a personal computer, a CNC machining center controller, a RENISHAW MP700 touch probe system, was integrated information-technically. Measuring software was also developed to simulate the measuring path, to prevent collision, to generate the corresponding measuring NC codes and to calculate the process capability indices, such as the process capability index (Cp), the process performance index (C PK) and the accuracy capability index (Ca). To evaluate the performance of the developed measuring system, a carrier combined with a freeform surface and regular geometric features, referred to in the ISO 10791-7 cutting test standard, was designed. Six pieces of the tested carriers were manufactured and inspected using the MP700 touch trigger probe to evaluate the performance of the developed measuring system. According to the measuring results, the developed measuring system was successfully and effectively used to carry out the intermittent process measurement and the statistical process analysis of the measuring results of some test carriers on the machining center.
BLAST: a machine architecture for high-speed list processing using associative tables
Sohi, G.S.
Due to the increasing popularity of nonnumeric processing languages such as LISP, there has been an increasing demand for machine architectures that are ideally suited to run such languages. Access to the main data structure used in LISP systems, i.e., list structures, is not conducive to a pipelined machine organization. In this thesis, the BLAST machine architecture is presented for the efficient execution of LISP and other list processing languages similar to LISP. The main feature of the BLAST architecture is the way in which lists are represented. First, representation of lists in a logical space and their mapping onto Exception Tables (ETs) are discussed. This ET representation for lists has the potential to achieve a substantial reduction in the memory space required to represent the list structure over conventional representations. Second, the actual BLAST machine architecture and some major traversal algorithms are presented. Next, the author discusses some of the major tasks carried out in a list processing environment and shows how they could be executed efficiently on BLAST. Last, he carries an evaluation of the BLAST architecture and discusses the various tradeoffs based on measurements of LISP program behavior carried out by previous researchers. The most important parameter influencing the performance of the architecture, the frequency of forwarding pointers, is discussed.
Controlling Force Based on Radial Fuzzy Functions in High-Speed Machining Processes
Rodolfo Haber-guerra; Rodolfo Haber-haber; Jos� R. Alique
\\u000a This paper addresses the development of a new control strategy to regulate cutting force in a high-speed machining process.\\u000a Fuzzy basis functions (FBF), on the basis of L.X.Wang�s approach, serve as basement for designing and implementing adaptive\\u000a fuzzy control system in an open computerized numerical control (CNC). The controller uses cutting force measured from a dynamometric\\u000a platform, and mathematically processed
The mRNA assembly line: transcription and processing machines in the same factory
David Bentley
Processing of RNA precursors to their mature form often occurs co-transcriptionally. Consequently, the ternary complex of DNA template, RNA polymerase and nascent RNA chain is the physiological substrate for factors that modify the nascent RNA by capping, splicing and cleavage\\/polyadenylation. mRNA production is thought to occur within a �factory� that contains the RNA polymerase II transcription machine and the processing
Application of machine learning and expert systems to Statistical Process Control (SPC) chart interpretation
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Shewhart, Mark
Statistical Process Control (SPC) charts are one of several tools used in quality control. Other tools include flow charts, histograms, cause and effect diagrams, check sheets, Pareto diagrams, graphs, and scatter diagrams. A control chart is simply a graph which indicates process variation over time. The purpose of drawing a control chart is to detect any changes in the process signalled by abnormal points or patterns on the graph. The Artificial Intelligence Support Center (AISC) of the Acquisition Logistics Division has developed a hybrid machine learning expert system prototype which automates the process of constructing and interpreting control charts.
Auto-SEIA: simultaneous optimization of image processing and machine learning algorithms
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Negro Maggio, Valentina; Iocchi, Luca
Object classification from images is an important task for machine vision and it is a crucial ingredient for many computer vision applications, ranging from security and surveillance to marketing. Image based object classification techniques properly integrate image processing and machine learning (i.e., classification) procedures. In this paper we present a system for automatic simultaneous optimization of algorithms and parameters for object classification from images. More specifically, the proposed system is able to process a dataset of labelled images and to return a best configuration of image processing and classification algorithms and of their parameters with respect to the accuracy of classification. Experiments with real public datasets are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed system.
Machining Characteristics and Optimization of Machining Parameters of SKH 57 High-Speed Steel Using Electrical-Discharge Machining Based on Taguchi Method
Yan-Cherng Lin; Chao-Hsu Cheng; Bo-Lin Su; Lih-Ren Hwang
The effects of the machining parameters in electrical-discharge machining (EDM) on the machining characteristics of SKH 57 high-speed steel were investigated. A well-designed experimental scheme was used to reduce the total number of experiments. Parts of the experiment were conducted with the L18 orthogonal array based on the Taguchi method. Moreover, the signal-to-noise ratios associated with the observed values in
Selection of Wire Electrical Discharge Machining Process Parameters on Stainless Steel AISI Grade-304 using Design of Experiments Approach
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Lingadurai, K.; Nagasivamuni, B.; Muthu Kamatchi, M.; Palavesam, J.
Wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) is a specialized thermal machining process capable of accurately machining parts of hard materials with complex shapes. Parts having sharp edges that pose difficulties to be machined by the main stream machining processes can be easily machined by WEDM process. Design of Experiments approach (DOE) has been reported in this work for stainless steel AISI grade-304 which is used in cryogenic vessels, evaporators, hospital surgical equipment, marine equipment, fasteners, nuclear vessels, feed water tubing, valves, refrigeration equipment, etc., is machined by WEDM with brass wire electrode. The DOE method is used to formulate the experimental layout, to analyze the effect of each parameter on the machining characteristics, and to predict the optimal choice for each WEDM parameter such as voltage, pulse ON, pulse OFF and wire feed. It is found that these parameters have a significant influence on machining characteristic such as metal removal rate (MRR), kerf width and surface roughness (SR). The analysis of the DOE reveals that, in general the pulse ON time significantly affects the kerf width and the wire feed rate affects SR, while, the input voltage mainly affects the MRR.
Analytical determination of the temperature distribution within a hollow hemisphere during a machining process
Shipley, J.C. [Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States); Mulholland, G.P. [New Mexico State Univ., Las Cruces, NM (United States)
Los Alamos National Laboratory is actively involved in research to determine effective procedures for the accurate machining of hollow hemispheres without cutting fluid. The purpose of this effort is to reduce the amount of mixed waste (cutting fluid and material) which is produced by the machining process. However, this dry-cutting process causes the local temperature of the material to rise and the part to expand. Since this process is one of high accuracy, even modest deformations may be unacceptable. The goal of this analysis is to analytically determine the temperature distribution of a hemisphere during a typical dry-machining process. The three-dimensional transient energy equation is used as a starting point. At the boundary, the tool-work piece interaction is modeled as an infinite number of discrete heat inputs as functions of position and time on the exterior surface. Results from this analysis will be verified experimentally and reported in a future paper. The temperature profiles generated from the work will then be used as input for the thermal stress model of the hemispherical shell.
Optimization process planning using hybrid genetic algorithm and intelligent search for job shop machining
Salehi, Mojtaba
Optimization of process planning is considered as the key technology for computer-aided process planning which is a rather complex and difficult procedure. A good process plan of a part is built up based on two elements: (1) the optimized sequence of the operations of the part; and (2) the optimized selection of the machine, cutting tool and Tool Access Direction (TAD) for each operation. In the present work, the process planning is divided into preliminary planning, and secondary/detailed planning. In the preliminary stage, based on the analysis of order and clustering constraints as a compulsive constraint aggregation in operation sequencing and using an intelligent searching strategy, the feasible sequences are generated. Then, in the detailed planning stage, using the genetic algorithm which prunes the initial feasible sequences, the optimized operation sequence and the optimized selection of the machine, cutting tool and TAD for each operation based on optimization constraints as an additive constraint aggregation are obtained. The main contribution of this work is the optimization of sequence of the operations of the part, and optimization of machine selection, cutting tool and TAD for each operation using the intelligent search and genetic algorithm simultaneously. PMID:21845020
A batch-mode micromachining process for spherical structures
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Li, Tao; Visvanathan, Karthik; Gianchandani, Yogesh B.
This paper reports a self-aligned three-dimensional process (3D-SOULE) that incorporates batch-mode micro ultrasonic machining (�USM), lapping and micro electro-discharge machining (�EDM) for fabrication of concave and mushroom-shaped spherical structures from hard and brittle materials. To demonstrate the process, 1 mm structures are fabricated from glass and ruby spheres. The �EDM technique is used to create the tool for ?USM from stainless steel spheres. Stainless steel 440, which provides a tool wear ratio <5%, is chosen as the tool material. A 2 � 2 array is used for batch processing. For an ultrasound generator frequency of 20 kHz and a vibration amplitude of 15 �m, machining rates of 24 and 12 �m min-1 are obtained for glass and ruby spheres, respectively. An approximate linear relationship is observed between the measured roughness (Ra) of the machined surface and the product of the fracture toughness (KIC) and the hardness (H) of the workpiece material (KIC3/2H1/2).
MC calculations for the nEDM experiment systematics
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Bodek, K.; Chowdhuri, Z.; Daum, M.; Fertl, M.; Franke, B.; Gutsmiedl, E.; Henneck, R.; Horras, M.; Kasprzak, M.; Kirch, K.; Kistryn, S.; Kozela, A.; Krempel, J.; Lauss, B.; Mtchedlishvili, A.; Piegsa, F.; Pignol, G.; Rebreyend, D.; Roccia, S.; Schmidt-Wellenburg, P.; Zejma, J.; Zenner, J.; Zsigmond, G.
The nEDM experiment hosted at the Paul Scherrer Institute is the flagship project at the new ultracold neutron facility. Estimations of systematic effects for the determination of the neutron electric dipole moment play an important role in this project. Experimental studies are supported by Monte Carlo simulations using the MCUCN code. Here we briefly present first results on the experimental benchmark of the model, and on the evaluation of the storage time dependence of the centre of mass of UCN in the nEDM precession chamber. Such time dependence calculations will serve as consistency tests for future measurements involving field gradient corrections of the Ramsey resonance frequency. An analytic benchmark of the spin-handling routines will also be shown.
3D Machine Vision and Additive Manufacturing: Concurrent Product and Process Development
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ilyas, Ismet P.
The manufacturing environment rapidly changes in turbulence fashion. Digital manufacturing (DM) plays a significant role and one of the key strategies in setting up vision and strategic planning toward the knowledge based manufacturing. An approach of combining 3D machine vision (3D-MV) and an Additive Manufacturing (AM) may finally be finding its niche in manufacturing. This paper briefly overviews the integration of the 3D machine vision and AM in concurrent product and process development, the challenges and opportunities, the implementation of the 3D-MV and AM at POLMAN Bandung in accelerating product design and process development, and discusses a direct deployment of this approach on a real case from our industrial partners that have placed this as one of the very important and strategic approach in research as well as product/prototype development. The strategic aspects and needs of this combination approach in research, design and development are main concerns of the presentation.
CNC Automatic Programming System for Wire-EDM
Tawfik T. El-midany; Ahmed Elkeran; H. T. Radwan
\\u000a This paper introduces a developed CAM system for wire-EDM to automatically select the sequencing of the wire path considering\\u000a fixation stability. The system creates technological aspects based on geometry features. Many of the wire cutting techniques\\u000a such as trim cut, correction, taper angle, threading & breaking points, and the standard radius are automatically added. For\\u000a small area of polygons No-Core
Process and apparatus for exhausting fumes and oxide particles generated by plasma-ARC cutting machine
Kawakami, M.
A process and apparatus for absorbing and exhausting efficiently dust (oxide particles), fumes, smoke, harmful gases and the like generated by plasma-arc cutting. The lower space of a fixed board for supporting the material which is cut is divided by plural partition plates to the direction crossing at right angles with the driving direction of the cutting machine body, an absorbing hood connected with a dust collector through a duct is installed and fixed to the cutting machine body in order to exhaust from the side of partition space corresponding to the plasma-arc cutting torch, fumes in each partition space at every position of cutting at the shortest distance and efficiently by making the absorbing hood move together with the movement of the cutting machine body. A reduction of the dust collector's capacity and a simplification of the accessory equipment are possible and cost reduction of the equipment for exhausting smoke including dust, fumes and the like in the plasma-arc cutting machine is possible.
An integrated, computer-assisted process planner for the machining of moulds for expanded polystyrene foam
Sun-Woh Lye; Siang-Guan Lee; Hin-Yuen Yeong
Styrofoam materials have been used for some time as packaging for consumer goods to protect against damage during transportation and handling. The moulds for the fabrication of these materials have traditionally been made by sand-casting, a relatively inexpensive process but one which is not always cost-effective. Machined moulds, however, offer a more viable alternative. Outlines the development of a computer-automated
FPGA implementation of hardware processing modules as coprocessors in brain-machine interfaces
Dong Wang; Yaoyao Hao; Xiaoping Zhu; Ting Zhao; Yiwen Wang; Yaowu Chen; Weidong Chen; Xiaoxiang Zheng
Real-time computation, portability and flexibility are crucial for practical brain-machine interface (BMI) applications. In this work, we proposed Hardware Processing Modules (HPMs) as a method for accelerating BMI computation. Two HPMs have been developed. One is the field-programmable gate array (FPGA) implementation of spike sorting based on probabilistic neural network (PNN), and the other is the FPGA implementation of neural
Optimization of Process Parameters in Vertical CNC Mill Machines Using Taguchi's Design of Experiments
Dalgobind MAHTO; Anjani KUMAR
With the more precise demands of modern engineering products, the control of surface texture together with dimensional accuracy has become more important. This paper outlines the Taguchi optimization methodology, which is applied to optimize cutting parameters in end milling operation. The study was conducted in machining operation in hardened steel DIN GX40CRMOV5-1. The processing of the job was done by
Rescheduling frequency in an FMS with uncertain processing times and unreliable machines
Suleyman Karabuk
This paper studies the scheduling\\/rescheduling problem in a multi-resource FMS environment. Several reactive scheduling policies are proposed to address the effects of machine breakdowns and processing time variations. Both off-line and on-line scheduling methods are tested under a variety of experimental conditions. The performance of the system is measured for mean tardiness and makespan criteria. The relationships between scheduling frequency
Non-stationary Policy Learning in 2-player Zero Sum Games Content Areas: machine learning, Markov decision processes, reinforcement learning
He, Sheng
Non-stationary Policy Learning in 2-player Zero Sum Games Content Areas: machine learning, Markov over the space of stochastic actions. Many previous machine learning approaches apply to single agent decision processes, reinforcement learning Abstract A key challenge in multiagent environments is the con
Development of empirical model for different process parameters during rotary electrical discharge machining of copper�steel (EN8) system
K. D. Chattopadhyay; S. Verma; P. S. Satsangi; P. C. Sharma
The present work investigates the machining characteristics of EN-8 steel with copper as a tool electrode during rotary electrical discharge machining process. The empirical models for prediction of output parameters have been developed using linear regression analysis by applying logarithmic data transformation of non-linear equation. Three independent input parameters of the model viz. peak current, pulse on time and rotational
A Superfluid Film Burner for the nEDM Experiment
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Maxwell, James; nEDM Collaboration
A planned measurement of the neutron electric dipole moment (nEDM) to 10-28 e .cm using the Golub-Lamoreaux method presents complex cryogenic challenges. One such hurdle is the injection of 3He from a polarized atomic beam source into a liquid 4He bath while maintaining the temperature gradient from the cold bath to the warm beam source and minimizing the vapor above the bath. The feasible temperature range for the experiment falls around 400 mK and is constrained from below by the achievable magnetic field gradients, and above by the spin relaxation time of 3He and rate of ultracold neutron up-scattering. The superfluid behavior of 4He below 2.1 K means superfluid film will tend to climb, or ``creep,'' up the sides of the beam tube to reach the warmer space above, creating vapor, resulting in convection and scattering of incident 3He. To stop the superfluid film creep and contain the vapor, a ``film burner'' is under development by the nEDM collaboration. We will describe the effort toward developing a suitable film burner for nEDM, and show preliminary results of a prototype film burner in operation.
A robust approach for root causes identification in machining processes using hybrid learning algorithm and engineering knowledge
Shichang Du; Jun Lv; Lifeng Xi
To improve product quality and productivity, one of the most critical factors for most manufacturers lies in quickly identifying\\u000a root causes in machining process during ramp-up and production time. Though multivariate statistical process monitoring techniques\\u000a using control charts have been successfully used to detect anomalies in machining processes, they cannot provide guidelines\\u000a to identify and isolate root causes. One novel
A search engine for the engineering and equipment data management system (EDMS) at CERN
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Tsyganov, A.; Am�rigo, S. M.; Petit, S.; Pettersson, T.; Suwalska, A.
CERN, the European Laboratory for Particle Physics, located in Geneva -Switzerland, is currently building the LHC (Large Hadron Collider), a 27 km particle accelerator. The equipment life-cycle management of this project is provided by the Engineering and Equipment Data Management System (EDMS [1] [2]) Service. Using an Oracle database, it supports the management and follow-up of different kinds of documentation through the whole life cycle of the LHC project: design, manufacturing, installation, commissioning data etc... The equipment data collection phase is now slowing down and the project is getting closer to the 'As-Built' phase: the phase of the project consuming and exploring the large volumes of data stored since 1996. Searching through millions of items of information (documents, equipment parts, operations...) multiplied by dozens of points of view (operators, maintainers...) requires an efficient and flexible search engine. This paper describes the process followed by the team to implement the search engine for the LHC As-built project in the EDMS Service. The emphasis is put on the design decision to decouple the search engine from any user interface, potentially enabling other systems to also use it. Projections, algorithms, and the planned implementation are described in this paper. The implementation of the first version started in early 2007.
Influence of electrical discharge machining on the sliding contact response of cemented carbides
L. Llanes; E. Ida�ez; E. Mart??nez; B. Casas; J. Esteve
The correlation between electrical-discharge machining (EDM) and surface integrity and its influence on the sliding contact response of a fine-grained WC-10%wtCo hardmetal have been studied. Different surface finish conditions were evaluated corresponding to sequential EDM as well as grinding and polishing employing diamond as abrasive. Surface integrity was characterized in detail for all conditions through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Sliding
Fracture and fatigue behavior of electrical-discharge machined cemented carbides
B. Casas; Y. Torres; L. Llanes
Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is an alternative shaping route for manufacturing complex component shapes of hard and brittle materials such as WC�Co cemented carbides (hardmetals). However, it results in a poor surface integrity that often leads to mechanical degradation of these materials. In this investigation, the influence of multi-pass sequential EDM on the fracture and fatigue behavior of a WC�10wt%Co
Metallurgical Analysis of Crack Initiation of Wire-Cut Electrical Discharge-Machined Spline Actuators Made of 17-4 PH Stainless Steel
Ahmad-Reza Etemadi; Bahram Fazel; Armin Emami
Spline actuators made of investment cast 17-4 PH (precipitation hardening) stainless steel were found to contain micro-cracks.\\u000a The cracked actuators were subjected to optical and scanning electron microscopy and hardness testing, which revealed that\\u000a the failure occurred due to fatigue crack initiation and growth after electrical discharge machining (EDM). The rehardened\\u000a layer produced by the EDM remained after machining, and
Computational evaluation of a novel approach to process planning for circuit card assembly on dual head placement machines
Chowdhury, Nilanjan Dutta
machines. Process planning involves assigning component types to heads and to feeder slots associated with each head and prescribing appropriate sequences of picking, placing and nozzle-changing steps. The approach decomposes these decisions into four inter...
Computational evaluation of a novel approach to process planning for circuit card assembly on dual head placement machines�
Chowdhury, Nilanjan Dutta
Dual head placement machines are commonly used in industry for placing components on circuit cards with great speed and accuracy. This thesis evaluates a novel approach for prescribing process plans for circuit card assembly ...
Electrochemical machining of super-hydrophobic Al surfaces and effect of processing parameters on wettability
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Song, Jin-long; Xu, Wen-ji; Liu, Xin; Lu, Yao; Sun, Jing
Super-hydrophobic aluminum (Al) surfaces were successfully fabricated via electrochemical machining in neutral NaClO3 electrolyte and subsequent fluoroalkylsilane (FAS) modification. The effects of the processing time, processing current density, and electrolyte concentration on the wettability, morphology, and roughness were studied. The surface morphology, chemical composition, and wettability of the Al surfaces were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), white-light interferometry, roughness measurements, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), and optical contact angle measurements. The results show that hierarchical rough structures and low surface energy films were present on the Al surfaces after electrochemical machining and FAS modification. The combination of the rough structures and the low surface energy materials plays a crucial role in achieving super-hydrophobicity. Compared with the anodic oxidation and chemical etching method, the method proposed in our work does not require strong acid or alkali, and causes less harm to the environment and operators but with high processing efficiency. The rough structures required by the super-hydrophobic surfaces were obtained at 30-s processing time and the best super-hydrophobicity with 164.6? water contact angle and 2? tilting angle was obtained at 360 s. The resulting super-hydrophobic Al surfaces have a long-time stability in air and an excellent resistance to corrosive liquids.
Natural Language Processing and Machine Translation Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, 2nd ed. (ELL2). Machine Translation: Interlingual Methods
Bonnie J. Dorr; Eduard H. Hovy; Lori S. Levin
An interlingua is a notation for representing the content of a text that abstracts away from the characteristics of the language itself and focuses on the meaning (semantics) alone. Interlinguas are typically used as pivot representations in machine translation, allowing the contents of a source text to be generated in many different target languages. Due to the complexities involved, few
MILLING OPERATIONS Milling is the process of machining flat, curved, or Milling machines are basically classified as vertical or
Gellman, Andrew J.
are characterized by a spindle located vertically, parallel to the column face, and mounted in a sliding head horizontal milling machine's column contains the drive motor and gearing and a fixed position horizontal from the top of the column. The arm and arbor supports are used to stabilize long arbors. Supports can
EDM, Axions, AxionEDM, Axions, Axion--Like ParticlesLike Particles, and, and TheThe Dark SideDark SideTheThe Dark SideDark Side
Pines, Alexander
EDM, Axions, AxionEDM, Axions, Axion--Like ParticlesLike Particles, and, and TheThe Dark Side EDM � Proposed search for cosmic domains of A i Lik P i lAxion Like Particles 3 CP violation workshop 2013 #12;10-12 � Introduced to solve strong CP problem in QCD: � why is n-EDM so small?y � Axions may
Combined Sensor Package COMARS+ for Measuring Aerothermal and Radiation Loads on the Exomars EDM Capsule Back Cover
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Guelhan, A.; Siebe, F.; Thiele, T.
Based on the former flight instrumentation experience combined aerothermal sensor package COMARS+ has been developed to perform radiative and convective heat flux measurements on the EDM back cover TPS of ExoMars EDM flight in 2016.
Search for a Neutron Electric Dipole Moment at the SNS Brad Filippone (Caltech) for the nEDM@SNS collaboration
Search for a Neutron Electric Dipole Moment at the SNS Brad Filippone (Caltech) for the nEDM@SNS collaboration The discovery of a neutron EDM (Electric Dipole Moment) above the Standard Model background, which
Complementarity of LHC and EDMs for exploring Higgs CP violation
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Chen, Chien-Yi; Dawson, S.; Zhang, Yue
We analyze the constraints on a CP-violating, flavor conserving, two Higgs doublet model from the measurements of Higgs properties and from the search for heavy Higgs bosons at LHC, and show that the stronger limits typically come from the heavy Higgs search channels. The limits on CP violation arising from the Higgs sector measurements are complementary to those from EDM measurements. Combining all current constraints from low energy to colliders, we set generic upper bounds on the CP violating angle which parametrizes the CP odd component in the 126 GeV Higgs boson.
{sup 3}He MAGNETOMETRY FOR A NEUTRON EDM MEASUREMENT
The behavior of small amounts of polarized {sup 3}He in a bath of superfluid {sup 4}He at temperatures below 1 K is critical to a new technique for measuring the EDM of the neutron. We report on studies to enhance the number of ultracold neutrons produced in such a bath, on the development of neutron tomography in gaseous mixtures, on magnet properties associated with the precession of {sup 3}He, and on preparations for tests of the distribution and diffusion coefficients of {sup 3}He in the bath.
Complementarity of LHC and EDMs for Exploring Higgs CP Violation
Chen, Chien-Yi; Zhang, Yue
We analyze the constraints on a CP-violating, flavor conserving, two Higgs doublet model from the measurements of Higgs properties and from the search for heavy Higgs bosons at LHC, and show that the stronger limits typically come from the heavy Higgs search channels. The limits on CP violation arising from the Higgs sector measurements are complementary to those from EDM measurements. Combining all current constraints from low energy to colliders, we set generic upper bounds on the CP violating angle which parametrizes the CP odd component in the 126 GeV Higgs boson.
Computer-based diagnostic monitoring to enhance the human-machine interface of complex processes
Kim, I.S.
There is a growing interest in introducing an automated, on-line, diagnostic monitoring function into the human-machine interfaces (HMIs) or control rooms of complex process plants. The design of such a system should be properly integrated with other HMI systems in the control room, such as the alarms system or the Safety Parameter Display System (SPDS). This paper provides a conceptual foundation for the development of a Plant-wide Diagnostic Monitoring System (PDMS), along with functional requirements for the system and other advanced HMI systems. Insights are presented into the design of an efficient and robust PDMS, which were gained from a critical review of various methodologies developed in the nuclear power industry, the chemical process industry, and the space technological community.
NSDL National Science Digital Library
Leske, Cavin.
Basic machining processes are introduced on a Web site that is devoted to engineering fundamentals (1). Descriptions and illustrations of drilling, turning, grinding, and other common processes are provided for people with little to no prior machining knowledge. A waterjet is a non-traditional machining technology that uses high pressure streams of water with abrasive additives rather than solid cutting instruments to slice through metal and other materials. An in-depth discussion of waterjet operation and applications is available from Southern Methodist University (2). Waterjets are often cited as being much more precise than traditional machining techniques. The Waterjet Video Vault (3) contains clips of waterjet machines in action. The video of the foam cutting procedure is especially interesting, as it shows how quick and accurate the machining process can be. An online guide to cross process machining, which incorporates elements from various conventional and unconventional techniques, is provided by the Mechanical Engineering Department at Columbia University (4). Some remarkable and innovative techniques that have surfaced over the past few years are outlined, including underwater laser machining and plasma-assisted machining. Entirely different and exotic machining techniques are required for creating microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and other extremely small devices. The Caltech Micromachining Laboratory (5) maintains an archive of research highlights and papers on its homepage, including a paper on a MEMS-driven flapping wing for a palm-sized aerial vehicle. An online article from Modern Machine Shop (6) outlines some new technologies and research in the area of high speed machining. A particularly interesting section of the article describes a system developed at the University of Florida that aims to enable micromachining to achieve rotational speeds of standard machining processes, specifically up to a half million rotations per minute. Cutting edge waterjet innovations are the subject of a February 2003 feature from a publication of the Society of Manufacturing Engineers (7). Extremely high pressure nozzles are being developed to improve cutting speed, and enhanced software for controlling machine movements is also a focus of study. This news article (8) from June 20, 2003 describes an electrochemical machining process that is being used to fabricate complex nanostructures. The work, produced by German and U.S. researchers, has the potential to compete with current lithographic processes.
The material and energy flow through the abrasive waterjet machining and recycling processes
Kurd, Michael Omar, 1982-
The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the material and energy flow through the abrasive waterjet machine and the WARD recycling machine. The goal was to track all of the material, water, abrasive, energy, air, and ...
Architecture For The Optimization Of A Machining Process In Real Time Through Rule-Based Expert System
Rafael Serrano; Luis Carlos Gonz�lez; Francisco Jes�s Mart�n
Under the project SENSOR-IA which has had financial funding from the Order of Incentives to the Regional Technology Centers of the Counsil of Innovation, Science and Enterprise of Andalusia, an architecture for the optimization of a machining process in real time through rule-based expert system has been developed. The architecture consists of an acquisition system and sensor data processing engine
A MIMO fuzzy-control system for high-speed machining processes. Results of a case study
J. E. Jimnez; R. E. Haber; J. R. Alique
This paper presents a new approach to the control of cutting force in a high-speed machining process. A fuzzy-control system has been designed and implemented in an open computerised numerical control (CNC). The controller uses cutting force, which is measured from a dynamometric platform and mathematically processed by means of an integrated application, to modify the feed rate and the
Reverse time migration: A seismic processing application on the connection machine
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Fiebrich, Rolf-Dieter
The implementation of a reverse time migration algorithm on the Connection Machine, a massively parallel computer is described. Essential architectural features of this machine as well as programming concepts are presented. The data structures and parallel operations for the implementation of the reverse time migration algorithm are described. The algorithm matches the Connection Machine architecture closely and executes almost at the peak performance of this machine.
An Approach to Realizing Process Control for Underground Mining Operations of Mobile Machines
Song, Zhen; Schunnesson, H�kan; Rinne, Mikael; Sturgul, John
The excavation and production in underground mines are complicated processes which consist of many different operations. The process of underground mining is considerably constrained by the geometry and geology of the mine. The various mining operations are normally performed in series at each working face. The delay of a single operation will lead to a domino effect, thus delay the starting time for the next process and the completion time of the entire process. This paper presents a new approach to the process control for underground mining operations, e.g. drilling, bolting, mucking. This approach can estimate the working time and its probability for each operation more efficiently and objectively by improving the existing PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) and CPM (Critical Path Method). If the delay of the critical operation (which is on a critical path) inevitably affects the productivity of mined ore, the approach can rapidly assign mucking machines new jobs to increase this amount at a maximum level by using a new mucking algorithm under external constraints. PMID:26062092
Machining characterization of the nano-lithography process using atomic force microscopy
Te-Hua Fang; Cheng-I. Weng; Jee-Gong Chang
The machining characteristics of nano-lithography are studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Scribing (scratching) experiments containing reciprocal single line furrows and multiple furrows are conducted to investigate the influence of the working parameters on the machined surface's properties, and upon the machining efficiency. The influence of the working parameters, including the applied load on the cantilever, scribing cycles, scribing speed
Machine vision process monitoring on a poultry processing kill line: results from an implementation
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Usher, Colin; Britton, Dougl; Daley, Wayne; Stewart, John
Researchers at the Georgia Tech Research Institute designed a vision inspection system for poultry kill line sorting with the potential for process control at various points throughout a processing facility. This system has been successfully operating in a plant for over two and a half years and has been shown to provide multiple benefits. With the introduction of HACCP-Based Inspection Models (HIMP), the opportunity for automated inspection systems to emerge as viable alternatives to human screening is promising. As more plants move to HIMP, these systems have the great potential for augmenting a processing facilities visual inspection process. This will help to maintain a more consistent and potentially higher throughput while helping the plant remain within the HIMP performance standards. In recent years, several vision systems have been designed to analyze the exterior of a chicken and are capable of identifying Food Safety 1 (FS1) type defects under HIMP regulatory specifications. This means that a reliable vision system can be used in a processing facility as a carcass sorter to automatically detect and divert product that is not suitable for further processing. This improves the evisceration line efficiency by creating a smaller set of features that human screeners are required to identify. This can reduce the required number of screeners or allow for faster processing line speeds. In addition to identifying FS1 category defects, the Georgia Tech vision system can also identify multiple "Other Consumer Protection" (OCP) category defects such as skin tears, bruises, broken wings, and cadavers. Monitoring this data in an almost real-time system allows the processing facility to address anomalies as soon as they occur. The Georgia Tech vision system can record minute-by-minute averages of the following defects: Septicemia Toxemia, cadaver, over-scald, bruises, skin tears, and broken wings. In addition to these defects, the system also records the length and width information of the entire chicken and different parts such as the breast, the legs, the wings, and the neck. The system also records average color and miss- hung birds, which can cause problems in further processing. Other relevant production information is also recorded including truck arrival and offloading times, catching crew and flock serviceman data, the grower, the breed of chicken, and the number of dead-on- arrival (DOA) birds per truck. Several interesting observations from the Georgia Tech vision system, which has been installed in a poultry processing plant for several years, are presented. Trend analysis has been performed on the performance of the catching crews and flock serviceman, and the results of the processed chicken as they relate to the bird dimensions and equipment settings in the plant. The results have allowed researchers and plant personnel to identify potential areas for improvement in the processing operation, which should result in improved efficiency and yield.
Evaluation of surface water resources from machine-processing of ERTS multispectral data
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Mausel, P. W.; Todd, W. J.; Baumgardner, M. F.; Mitchell, R. A.; Cook, J. P.
The surface water resources of a large metropolitan area, Marion County (Indianapolis), Indiana, are studied in order to assess the potential value of ERTS spectral analysis to water resources problems. The results of the research indicate that all surface water bodies over 0.5 ha were identified accurately from ERTS multispectral analysis. Five distinct classes of water were identified and correlated with parameters which included: degree of water siltiness; depth of water; presence of macro and micro biotic forms in the water; and presence of various chemical concentrations in the water. The machine processing of ERTS spectral data used alone or in conjunction with conventional sources of hydrological information can lead to the monitoring of area of surface water bodies; estimated volume of selected surface water bodies; differences in degree of silt and clay suspended in water and degree of water eutrophication related to chemical concentrations.
Hybrid Metaheuristics for Solving a Fuzzy Single Batch-Processing Machine Scheduling Problem
Molla-Alizadeh-Zavardehi, S.; Tavakkoli-Moghaddam, R.; Lotfi, F. Hosseinzadeh
This paper deals with a problem of minimizing total weighted tardiness of jobs in a real-world single batch-processing machine (SBPM) scheduling in the presence of fuzzy due date. In this paper, first a fuzzy mixed integer linear programming model is developed. Then, due to the complexity of the problem, which is NP-hard, we design two hybrid metaheuristics called GA-VNS and VNS-SA applying the advantages of genetic algorithm (GA), variable neighborhood search (VNS), and simulated annealing (SA) frameworks. Besides, we propose three fuzzy earliest due date heuristics to solve the given problem. Through computational experiments with several random test problems, a robust calibration is applied on the parameters. Finally, computational results on different-scale test problems are presented to compare the proposed algorithms. PMID:24883359
FPGA implementation of hardware processing modules as coprocessors in brain-machine interfaces.
Wang, Dong; Hao, Yaoyao; Zhu, Xiaoping; Zhao, Ting; Wang, Yiwen; Chen, Yaowu; Chen, Weidong; Zheng, Xiaoxiang
Real-time computation, portability and flexibility are crucial for practical brain-machine interface (BMI) applications. In this work, we proposed Hardware Processing Modules (HPMs) as a method for accelerating BMI computation. Two HPMs have been developed. One is the field-programmable gate array (FPGA) implementation of spike sorting based on probabilistic neural network (PNN), and the other is the FPGA implementation of neural ensemble decoding based on Kalman filter (KF). These two modules were configured under the same framework and tested with real data from motor cortex recording in rats performing a lever-pressing task for water rewards. Due to the parallelism feature of FPGA, the computation time was reduced by several dozen times, while the results are almost the same as those from Matlab implementations. Such HPMs provide a high performance coprocessor for neural signal computation. PMID:22255365
Focused particle beam nano-machining: the next evolution step towards simulation aided process prediction
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Plank, Harald
During the last decade, focused ion beam processing has been developed from traditionally used Ga+ liquid ion sources towards higher resolution gas field ion sources (He+ and Ne+). Process simulations not only improve the fundamental understanding of the relevant ion�matter interactions, but also enable a certain predictive power to accelerate advances. The historic �gold� standard in ion�solid simulations is the SRIM/TRIM Monte Carlo package released by Ziegler, Ziegler and Biersack 2010 Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 268 1818�23. While SRIM/TRIM is very useful for a myriad of applications, it is not applicable for the understanding of the nanoscale evolution associated with ion beam nano-machining as the substrate does not evolve with the sputtering process. As a solution for this problem, a new, adapted simulation code is briefly overviewed and finally addresses these contributions. By that, experimentally observed Ne+ beam sputter profiles can be explained from a fundamental point of view. Due to their very good agreement, these simulations contain the potential for computer aided optimization towards predictable sputter processes for different nanotechnology applications. With these benefits in mind, the discussed simulation approach represents an enormous step towards a computer based master tool for adaptable ion beam applications in the context of industrial applications.
Distinguishing axions from generic light scalars using EDM and fifth-force experiments
Sonny Mantry; Mario Pitschmann; Michael J. Ramsey-Musolf
We derive electric dipole moment (EDM) constraints on possible new macroscopic time reversal and parity violating (TVPV) spin-dependent forces. These constraints are compared to those derived from direct searches in fifth-force experiments and from combining laboratory searches with astrophysical bounds on stellar energy loss. For axion-mediated TVPV spin-dependent forces, EDM constraints dominate over fifth-force limits by several orders of magnitude. However, we show that for a generic light scalar, unrelated to the strong CP problem, present bounds from direct fifth- force searches are more stringent than those inferred from EDM limits, for the interaction ranges explored by fifth-force experiments. Thus, correlating observations in EDM and fifth-force experiments could help distinguish axions from more generic light scalar scenarios.
Large CP Phases and the Cancellation Mechanism in EDMs in SUSY, String and Brane Models
Ibrahim, T; Ibrahim, Tarek; Nath, Pran
We show that in theories with radiatively induced electro-weak symmetry breaking the EDMs obey a simple approximate scaling under the transformation $m_0\\to \\lambda m_0, m_{{1/2}}\\to \\lambda m_{{1/2}}$ in the large $\\mu$ region. In the scaling region the knowledge of a single point in the MSSM parameter space where the cancellation in the EDMs occur allows one to generate a trajectory in the $m_0-m_{{1/2}}$ plane where the cancellation mechanism holds and the EDMs are small. We illustrate these results for MSSM with radiative electro-weak symmetry breaking constraints. We also discuss a class of D brane models based on Type IIB superstring compactifications which have non-universal phases in the gaugino mass sector and allow large CP violating phases consistent with the EDM constraints through the cancellation mechanism. The scaling in these D brane models and in a heterotic string model is also discussed.
Recent advances in kernel machines promote the novel use of Gaussian processes (GP) for Bayesian learning. Our purpose is
Abstract Recent advances in kernel machines promote the novel use of Gaussian processes (GP on an Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectroradiometer image indicate that the GPCLs outperform KNN and yield the discrimination capability of remote sensing for more detailed mapping of land covers (Cochrane, 2000; Chang, 2002
Intensification of the Students' Self-Development Process When Performing Design and Settlement Works on the "Machine Parts" Course
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Timerbaev, Rais Mingalievich; Muhutdinov, Rafis Habreevich; Danilov, Valeriy Fedorovich
The article addresses issues related to the methodology of intensifying self-development process when performing design and settlement works on the "Machine Parts" course for the students studying in such areas of training as "Technology" and "Vocational Education" with the use of computer technologies. At the same�
New measurements of neutron electric dipole moment with double chamber EDM spectrometer
A. P. Serebrov; E. A. Kolomenskiy; A. N. Pirozhkov; I. A. Krasnoshekova; A. V. Vasiliev; A. O. Polyushkin; M. S. Lasakov; A. N. Murashkin; V. A. Solovey; A. K. Fomin; I. V. Shoka; O. M. Zherebtsov; P. Geltenbort; S. N. Ivanov; O. Zimmer; E. B. Alexandrov; S. P. Dmitriev; N. A. Dovator
The article presents results on neutron electric dipole moment measurements (EDM), made by ILL reactor using PNPI experimental installation. Double chamber magnetic resonance spectrometer with prolonged holding of ultra cold neutrons has been employed. The obtained results at 90% confidence level determine the upper limit for EDM neutron quantity equal to $|d_n| < 5.5 \\cdot 10^{-26}$ e$ \\cdot$cm.
Magnetic Field R&D for the neutron EDM experiment at TRIUMF
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Mammei, Russell R.
The neutron EDM experiment at TRIUMF aims to constrain the EDM with a precision of 1 �10-27 e-cm by 2018. The experiment will use a spallation ultracold neutron (UCN) source employing superfluid helium coupled to a room-temperature EDM apparatus. In the previous best experiment, conducted at ILL, effects related to magnetic field homogeneity and instability were found to dominate the systematic error. This presentation will cover our R&D efforts on passive and active magnetic shielding, magnetic field generation within shielded volumes, and precision magnetometry. The neutron EDM experiment at TRIUMF aims to constrain the EDM with a precision of 1 �10-27 e-cm by 2018. The experiment will use a spallation ultracold neutron (UCN) source employing superfluid helium coupled to a room-temperature EDM apparatus. In the previous best experiment, conducted at ILL, effects related to magnetic field homogeneity and instability were found to dominate the systematic error. This presentation will cover our R&D efforts on passive and active magnetic shielding, magnetic field generation within shielded volumes, and precision magnetometry. Supported by the Canada Foundation for Innovation, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, and the Canada Research Chairs program.
Investigation into the effect of overlap factors and process parameters on surface roughness and machined depth during micro-turning process with Nd:YAG laser
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kibria, G.; Doloi, B.; Bhattacharyya, B.
One of the emerging laser material processing technologies to process cylindrical shaped materials is the laser micro-turning process. This process is used to machine micro-turned groove or surface on the difficult-to-process materials for a specific length of turn along its axis. The present experimental study investigates the laser micro-turning operation of a cylindrical shaped aluminum oxide (Al2O3) ceramic to explore the effect of successive spot overlap and circumferential overlap on the surface roughness (Ra) criterion. Moreover, depth of machining has also been studied by varying various process parameters such as pulse frequency, workpiece rotating speed and laser beam average power. Various amounts of spot overlap have been accomplished by different combined settings of related parameters i.e. workpiece rotating speed and pulse frequency. In contrast, various circumferential overlap between successive rotational scan widths have been achieved by varying the rotational speed and also axial feed rate of the workpiece. Surface roughness (Ra) and machined depth have been measured as output response for machining at various parametric combinations. Analyses have been made through different plots of surface roughness (Ra) and machined depth to study the influence of these overlaps and different process parameters. The experimental results revealed that surface roughness decreases with the increase of both the overlap factors. It is observed from the results that with the increase in circumferential overlap, roughness of the machined surface decreases for each workpiece rotating speed setting. Further, wide spot crater is achieved at a higher value of average power. Minimum surface roughness is achieved as 5.25 �m at average power 10 W, pulse frequency 3000 Hz, workpiece rotating speed 400 rpm and Y feed rate 0.3 mm/s. The achieved machined depth is high at a low speed of rotation and pulse frequency settings. With the increase of average power of laser beam, the machined depth is found to increase linearly. The maximum micro-turning depth is achieved as 0.146 mm at parametric combination of average power of 10 W, pulse frequency of 3000 Hz, workpiece rotating speed of 400 rpm and Y feed rate of 0.3 mm/s.
Dynamic Model of the Machining Process on the Basis of Neural Networks: From Simulation to Real Time Application
Rodolfo E. Haber; Rodolfo Haber-haber; Angel Alique; Salvador Ros; Jos� R. Alique
Nowadays, the modeling of complex manufacturing tasks is a key issue. In this work, as a case study is selected the application\\u000a of a dynamic model to predict cutting force in machining processes. A model created using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN),\\u000a able to predict the process output is introduced in order to deal with the characteristics of such an ill-defined
M. Ali-Tavoli; N. Nariman-Zadeh; A. Khakhali; M. Mehran
Abrasive flow machining (AFM) is an economic and effective non-traditional machining technique, which is capable of providing excellent surface finish on difficult to approach regions on a wide range of components. With this method, it has become possible to substitute various time-consuming deburring and polishing operations that had often lead to non-reproducible results. In this paper, group method of data
On the description of the bearing capacity of electro-discharge machined G.P Petropoulosa
Aristomenis, Antoniadis
On the description of the bearing capacity of electro-discharge machined surfaces G.P Petropoulosa their bearing capacity in tribological applications. The parameters considered are the Abbott (bearing) curve of EDMed surfaces that describe their bearing capacity in tribological applications; to the authors
Wear mechanism of metal bond diamond wheels trued by wire electrical discharge machining
Brian K. Rhoney; Albert J. Shih; Ronald O. Scattergood; Ronald Ott; Samuel B. McSpaddenc
The stereographic scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging was used to investigate the wear mechanism in wire electrical discharge machining (EDM) truing of metal bond diamond wheels for ceramic grinding. A piece of the grinding wheel was removed after truing and grinding to enable the examination of wheel surface and measurement of diamond protrusion heights using a SEM and stereographic imaging
On Electro Discharge Machining of Inconel 718 with Hollow Tool
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Rajesha, S.; Sharma, A. K.; Kumar, Pradeep
Inconel 718 is a nickel-based alloy designed for high yield, tensile, and creep-rupture properties. This alloy has been widely used in jet engines and high-speed airframe parts in aeronautic application. In this study, electric discharge machining (EDM) process was used for machining commercially available Inconel 718. A copper electrode with 99.9% purity having tubular cross section was employed to machine holes of 20 mm height and 12 mm diameter on Inconel 718 workpieces. Experiments were planned using response surface methodology (RSM). Effects of five major process parameters�pulse current, duty factor, sensitivity control, gap control, and flushing pressure on the process responses�material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR) have been discussed. Mathematical models for MRR and SR have been developed using analysis of variance. Influences of process parameters on tool wear and tool geometry have been presented with the help of scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs. Analysis shows significant interaction effect of pulse current and duty factor on MRR yielding a wide range from 14.4 to 22.6 mm3/min, while pulse current remains the most contributing factor with approximate changes in the MRR and SR of 48 and 37%, respectively, corresponding to the extreme values considered. Interactions of duty factor and flushing pressure yield a minimum surface roughness of 6.2 ?m. The thickness of the sputtered layer and the crack length were found to be functions of pulse current. The hollow tool gets worn out on both the outer and the inner edges owing to spark erosion as well as abrasion due to flow of debris.
Electrical discharge machining of type-N(f) microwave connectors
Haushalter, R.J.
A particular out-of-specification mechanical dimension on Type-N(f) [Type-N(female)] microwave connectors sometimes disqualifies otherwise perfectly acceptable microwave devices from being used in calibration systems. The Miniature Machining Group at Sandia National Laboratories applied a technique called Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) to quickly and economically machine these devices without disassembly. In so doing, they facilitated the use of existing components without the need to purchase new devices. The technique also improves an uncertainty of calibration known as Mismatch Uncertainty by optimizing the reflection coefficient of the calibration test port. This effects a reduction in overall calibration uncertainties.
Structural planning and implementation of a microprocessor-based human-machine interface in a steam-explosion process application
Ruey-Fong Chang; Chen-Wei Chang; Kuo-Hsiung Tseng; Cheng-Lun Chiang; Wen-Shiow Kao; Wen-Jang Chen
In this paper, small-scale microprocessor-based human�machine interface (HMI) and programmable logic controller (PLC) standard software libraries are applied to plan, design, implement, and construct models for creating the modular application software. The graphical user interface (GUI) functions used in a specific biomass steam-explosion process, intended to be integrated with the PLC device for HMI, thereby providing excellent GUI-based supervision and
A uniform stable magnetic guide-field for a novel EDM experiment
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Corliss, Ross
A novel experiment to search for a neutron electric dipole moment (EDM) is being developed by a small group of physicists from Valparaiso University, Fermilab, Argonne National Laboratory, the University of Missouri Research Reactor (MURR), and NIST. This approach will generate entirely different systematic errors than other EDM experiments, and has the potential to reach or extend the upper limit on the size of the neutron EDM. If a neutron EDM is discovered, it will be evidence for time-reversal symmetry violation and, using the CPT theorem, an indication for CP violation as well. The experimental design uses a perfect silicon crystal with precision slots that cause incident neutrons to undergo many Bragg scatterings in the very large electric fields of the silicon atoms. An EDM signal will then take the form of a rotation of the neutron polarization. The design requires a solenoidal magnetic guide-field that is uniform in space and time in the vicinity of the crystal. The experimental setup will be described, including the solenoid, associated magnetic field map measurements, and efforts to stabilize the magnetic field sufficiently for a neutron magnetic dipole moment (MDM) measurement at MURR.
Quark Loop Contributions to Neutron, Deuteron, and Mercury EDMs from Supersymmetry without R parity
Chan-Chi Chiou; Otto C. W. Kong; Rishikesh D. Vaidya
We present a detailed analysis of the neutron, deuteron and mercury electric dipole moment from supersymmetry without R parity, focusing on the quark-scalar loop contributions. Being proportional to top Yukawa and top mass, such contributions are often large. Analytical expressions illustrating the explicit role of the R-parity violating parameters are given following perturbative diagonalization of mass-squared matrices for the scalars. Dominant contributions come from the combinations $B_i \\lambda^{\\prime}_{ij1}$ for which we obtain robust bounds. It turns out that neutron and deuteron EDMs receive much stronger contributions than mercury EDM and any null result at the future deuteron EDM experiment or Los Alamos neutron EDM experiment can lead to extra-ordinary constraints on RPV parameter space. Even if R-parity violating couplings are real, CKM phase does induce RPV contribution and for some cases such a contribution is as strong as contribution from phases in the R-parity violating couplings.Hence, we have bounds directly on $|B_i \\lambda^{\\prime}_{ij1}|$ even if the RPV parameters are all real. Interestingly, even if slepton mass and/or $\\mu_0$ is as high as 1 TeV, it still leads to neutron EDM that is an order of magnitude larger than the sensitivity at Los Alamos experiment. Since the results are not much sensitive to $\\tan \\beta$, our constraints will survive even if other observables tighten the constraints on $\\tan \\beta$.
High electric field development for the SNS nEDM experiment
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ito, Takeyasu; Beck, Douglas; Clayton, Steven; Crawford, Christopher; Currie, Scott; Griffith, William; Ramsey, John; Roberts, Amy; Schmid, Riccardo; Seidel, George; Wagner, Daniel; Williamson, Steven; Yao, Weijun
The SNS nEDM collaboration is developing an experiment to search for the neutron's electric dipole moment (EDM), using ultracold neutrons (UCNs) stored in superfluid liquid helium, to be run at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. In this experiment, being able to achieve a strong and stable electric field in superfluid liquid helium in the region where UCNs are stored is of critical importance, because in EDM searches in general the sensitivity depends linearly on the strength of the applied electric field. However, the phenomenon of electric breakdown in liquid helium is poorly understood, and as such a major R&D effort is under way. The SNS nEDM collaboration has developed an apparatus to study electrical breakdown in liquid helium at temperatures as low as 0.4 K at pressures between the saturated vapor pressure and 1 atm for electrodes 12 cm in diameter with a gap size of a few cm. In this talk, the current status of the high electric field R&D and the implications of the findings on the SNS EDM experiment will be discussed.
Quantification of Geologic Lineaments by Manual and Machine Processing Techniques. [Landsat satellites - mapping/geological faults
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Podwysocki, M. H.; Moik, J. G.; Shoup, W. C.
The effect of operator variability and subjectivity in lineament mapping and methods to minimize or eliminate these problems by use of several machine preprocessing methods was studied. Mapped lineaments of a test landmass were used and the results were compared statistically. The total number of fractures mapped by the operators and their average lengths varied considerably, although comparison of lineament directions revealed some consensus. A summary map (785 linears) produced by overlaying the maps generated by the four operators shows that only 0.4 percent were recognized by all four operators, 4.7 percent by three, 17.8 percent by two, and 77 percent by one operator. Similar results were obtained in comparing these results with another independent group. This large amount of variability suggests a need for the standardization of mapping techniques, which might be accomplished by a machine aided procedure. Two methods of machine aided mapping were tested, both simulating directional filters.
Evaluation of machining safety: PBX 9404 and LX-10. Process development: Endeavor No. 301
Rhoton, N.O.
Preliminary machining safety tests for PBX 9404 and LX-10 are reported. Both normal and runaway machining conditions were investigated in an attempt to determine threshold reaction levels for the two explosives on a lathe, band saw and drill press. Five type cutting operations and slippage of the explosive on a vacuum fixture were evaluated. The presence or absence of reaction was determined via a TV monitor and NO/sub x/ detection using a chemiluminescence monitor. The evolution of NO/sub x/ was detected in a large number of the tests. NO/sub x/ evolution from PBX 9404 was detected in most cases at milder machining conditions than from LX-10. Only during drilling tests with PBX 9404 was there evidence of reactions more severe than NO/sub x/ evolution. Burning and/or higher order reactions were not observed for any test.
Search for Electric dipole moment (EDM) in laser cooled and trapped 225Ra atoms
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kalita, Mukut; Bailey, Kevin; Dietrich, Matthew; Green, John; Holt, Roy; Korsch, Wolfgang; Lu, Zheng-Tian; Lemke, Nathan; Mueller, Peter; O'Connor, Tom; Parker, Richard; Singh, Jaideep; Trimble, Will; Argonne National Laboratory Collaboration; University Of Chicago Collabration; University Of Kentucky Collaboration
We are searching for an EDM of the diamagnetic 225Ra atom. 225Ra has nuclear spin I =1/2. Experimental sensitivity to its EDM is enhanced due to its heavy mass and the increased Schiff moment of its octupole deformed nucleus. Our experiment involves collecting laser cooled Ra atoms in a magneto-optical trap (MOT), transporting them 1 meter with a far off-resonant optical dipole trap (ODT) and then transferring the atoms to a second standing-wave ODT in our experimental chamber. We will report our recent experiences in polarizing and observing Larmor precession of 225Ra atoms in parallel electric and magnetic fields in a magnetically shielded region and progress towards a first measurement of the EDM of 225Ra. This work is supported by DOE, Office of Nuclear Physics, under contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 and contract No. DE-FG02-99ER41101.
Semi-Online Scheduling on Two Machines with GoS Levels and Partial Information of Processing Time
This paper investigates semi-online scheduling problems on two parallel machines under a grade of service (GoS) provision subject to minimize the makespan. We consider three different semi-online versions with knowing the total processing time of the jobs with higher GoS level, knowing the total processing time of the jobs with lower GoS level, or knowing both in advance. Respectively, for the three semi-online versions, we develop algorithms with competitive ratios of 3/2, 20/13, and 4/3 which are shown to be optimal. PMID:24672335
Semi-online scheduling on two machines with GoS levels and partial information of processing time.
Luo, Taibo; Xu, Yinfeng
This paper investigates semi-online scheduling problems on two parallel machines under a grade of service (GoS) provision subject to minimize the makespan. We consider three different semi-online versions with knowing the total processing time of the jobs with higher GoS level, knowing the total processing time of the jobs with lower GoS level, or knowing both in advance. Respectively, for the three semi-online versions, we develop algorithms with competitive ratios of 3/2, 20/13, and 4/3 which are shown to be optimal. PMID:24672335
Copper wire bonding process in leaded packages with zero loss in quality, capacity, scrap & machine efficiency
Tan Chee Eng
For the past few years, acceptance and implementation of copper wire has grown from optional to mandatory, especially after gold price increased triple for past 5 years. However, there are many companies still not able to achieve desirable performance, especially without trading off other performance indices such as quality, capacity, scrap or machine efficiency. The copper wire has two fundamental
Manufacturing process applications team (MATEAM). [technology transfer in the areas of machine tools and robots
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
The transfer of NASA technology to the industrial sector is reported. Presentations to the machine tool and robot industries and direct technology transfers of the Adams Manipulator arm, a-c motor control, and the bolt tension monitor are discussed. A listing of proposed RTOP programs with strong potential is included. A detailed description of the rotor technology available to industry is given.
Elevating Virtual Machine Introspection for Fine-Grained Process Monitoring: Techniques and Applications
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Srinivasan, Deepa
Recent rapid malware growth has exposed the limitations of traditional in-host malware-defense systems and motivated the development of secure virtualization-based solutions. By running vulnerable systems as virtual machines (VMs) and moving security software from inside VMs to the outside, the out-of-VM solutions securely isolate the anti-malware�
Algorithm for processing vibroacoustical signals, for the purpose of early detection of change in condition of a machine
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Povarkov, V. I.
The detection of defects in machines and their effects on machine condition were studied. Defects were determined from a comparison of changes in vibroacoustical signal curves in the machine with current characteristics. Data were obtained using probability distribution functions.
Interim results from the characterization testing of the Engineering Development (EDM) rubidium clocks for satellite applications
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Powers, Edward D., Jr.; Danzy, Fredrick
Some interim results from the environmental testing program to evaluate the Engineering Design Model (EDM) of the EG and G Spaceborne Rubidium Clock are presented. This effort is in support of the Global Positioning System (GPS) BLOCK IIR program and is intended to characterize the performance of EG and G design for BLOCK IIR satellite applications. Two EG and G EDM units are currently under test at NRL's Clock Test Facility to measure the long-term frequency stability, drift, and frequency versus temperature characteristics.
Intelligent Machines in the 21st Century: Automating the Processes of Inference and Inquiry
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Knuth, Kevin H.
The last century saw the application of Boolean algebra toward the construction of computing machines, which work by applying logical transformations to information contained in their memory. The development of information theory and the generalization of Boolean algebra to Bayesian inference have enabled these computing machines. in the last quarter of the twentieth century, to be endowed with the ability to learn by making inferences from data. This revolution is just beginning as new computational techniques continue to make difficult problems more accessible. However, modern intelligent machines work by inferring knowledge using only their pre-programmed prior knowledge and the data provided. They lack the ability to ask questions, or request data that would aid their inferences. Recent advances in understanding the foundations of probability theory have revealed implications for areas other than logic. Of relevance to intelligent machines, we identified the algebra of questions as the free distributive algebra, which now allows us to work with questions in a way analogous to that which Boolean algebra enables us to work with logical statements. In this paper we describe this logic of inference and inquiry using the mathematics of partially ordered sets and the scaffolding of lattice theory, discuss the far-reaching implications of the methodology, and demonstrate its application with current examples in machine learning. Automation of both inference and inquiry promises to allow robots to perform science in the far reaches of our solar system and in other star systems by enabling them to not only make inferences from data, but also decide which question to ask, experiment to perform, or measurement to take given what they have learned and what they are designed to understand.
A novel spark erosion technique for the fabrication of high aspect ratio micro-grooves
M. Murali; S. H. Yeo
Micro groove is an important geometrical feature of components used in microsystem technology (MST). Straight micro grooves are the predominant features in microsystem components such as micro heat exchangers and diffraction gratings. Micro Electrical Discharge Machining (micro EDM) is a complementary microfabrication technique adopted from the conventional EDM machining process for the purpose of micro machining. Using micro EDM it
Cyclostationary And Higher-Order Statistical Signal Processing Algorithms For Machine Condition Monitoring
Andrew Craig Mccormick
In this thesis the problem of monitoring the condition of machinery is addressedusing cyclostationary and higher-order statistical analysis of vibration signals.These have the potential to provide information about the machine's conditionwhen the signal is contaminated by noise which disrupts more traditional informationextraction procedures such as power spectral analysis.Features extracted from the vibration signals can be used to classify the condition.The
Comparison of two LCA Methodologies in the Machine-Tools Environmental Performance Improvement Process
Mariana Azevedo; Marta Oliveira; Jo�o P. Pereira; Ana Reis
\\u000a This paper presents the results of a comparison between a simplified LCA analysis and a detailed LCA carried out under a Ecodesign\\u000a project of a machine-tool, a commercial CNC press-brake. The aim was to assess to what degree, the most detailed information\\u000a resulting from a detailed LCA, allows decisions qualitatively superior in terms of environmental efficiency of the equipment\\u000a to
Computer Vision and Classification Techniques on the Surface Finish Control in Machining Processes
Enrique Alegre; Joaqu�n Barreiro; Manuel Castej�n; Suarez
This work presents a method to perform a surface finish control using a computer vision system. Test parts used were made\\u000a of AISI 303 stainless steel and were machined with a MUPEM CNC multi-turret parallel lathe. Using a Pulnix PE2015 B\\/W camera,\\u000a a diffuse illumination and a industrial zoom, 140 images were acquired. We have applied a vertical Prewitt filter
Review on ultrasonic machining
T. B. Thoe; D. K. Aspinwall; M. L. H. Wise
Ultrasonic machining is of particular interest for the cutting of non-conductive, brittle workpiece materials such as engineering ceramics. Unlike other non-traditional processes such as laser beam, and electrical discharge machining, etc., ultrasonic machining does not thermally damage the workpiece or appear to introduce significant levels of residual stress, which is important for the survival of brittle materials in service. The
A Proposal for a Cryogenic Experiment to Measure the Neutron Electric Dipole Moment (nEDM)
Balashov, S N; van der Grinten, M G D; Harris, P G; Kraus, H; Pendlebury, J M; Shiers, D B; Tucker, M A H; Wark, D L
This document is a copy of the original 2003 proposal for the construction grant for the CryoEDM Experiment at ILL, Grenoble. It is here made publicly available as a technical reference source for interested parties. It does not necessarily represent the final configuration of the experiment. Items pertaining to costs, personnel etc. have been removed.
A Proposal for a Cryogenic Experiment to Measure the Neutron Electric Dipole Moment (nEDM)
S. N. Balashov; K. Green; M. G. D. van der Grinten; P. G. Harris; H. Kraus; J. M. Pendlebury; D. B. Shiers; M. A. H. Tucker; D. L. Wark
This document is a copy of the original 2003 proposal for the construction grant for the CryoEDM Experiment at ILL, Grenoble. It is here made publicly available as a technical reference source for interested parties. It does not necessarily represent the final configuration of the experiment. Items pertaining to costs, personnel etc. have been removed.
Quark Loop Contributions to Neutron, Deuteron, and Mercury EDMs from Supersymmetry without R parity
Chiou, Chan-Chi; Vaidya, Rishikesh D
We present a detailed analysis of the neutron, deuteron and mercury electric dipole moment from supersymmetry without R parity, focusing on the quark-scalar loop contributions. Being proportional to top Yukawa and top mass, such contributions are often large. Analytical expressions illustrating the explicit role of the R-parity violating parameters are given following perturbative diagonalization of mass-squared matrices for the scalars. Dominant contributions come from the combinations $B_i \\lambda^{\\prime}_{ij1}$ for which we obtain robust bounds. It turns out that neutron and deuteron EDMs receive much stronger contributions than mercury EDM and any null result at the future deuteron EDM experiment or Los Alamos neutron EDM experiment can lead to extra-ordinary constraints on RPV parameter space. Even if R-parity violating couplings are real, CKM phase does induce RPV contribution and for some cases such a contribution is as strong as contribution from phases in the R-parity violating couplings.Hence, we h...
Development of Techniques for a Precision Neutron EDM Measurement at RCNP
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Matsumiya, Ryohei; Masuda, Yasuhiro; Kawasaki, Shinsuke; Jeong, Sun-Chan; Watanabe, Yutaka; Hatanaka, Kichiji; Pierre, Edgard; Shin, Yunchang; Matsuta, Kensaku; Mihara, Mototsugu
A non-zero neutron electric dipole moment (nEDM) breaks the time-reversal symmetry. A precision measurement of the nEDM is expected to be a good probe to search for theories beyond the standard model. We have been developing techniques for a nEDM measurement, using a high intensity ultra-cold neutron (UCN) source developed by the collaboration between KEK and RCNP. We have succeeded to polarize UCNs by a super conducting polarizer, and stored them in a cell. This cell will be installed in static magnetic and electric fields for a nEDM observation by the Ramsey separated-oscillatory-field magnetic resonance method. The homogeneity of the magnetic field is being improved aiming to increase the transverse relaxation time T2. A multilayered magnetic shielding and a compensation coil system was developed to cancel the geomagnetic field. Some materials around the cell which were not completely non-magnetic were replaced. We are developing a 129Xe co-magnetometer for the high precision field monitoring, and a high voltage system including electrodes with minimum UCN losses. In this talk, the present status of these apparatuses will be discussed.
Machinability of Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) Produced by Integrated Green Technology of Continuous Casting-Heat Treatment Processes
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Meena, A.; El Mansori, M.; Ghidossi, P.
This study presents the novel processing technique known as continuous casting-heat treatment processes to produce Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) which is a new class of ductile iron. ADI is characterized by improved mechanical properties but has low machinability as compared to other cast irons and steel of similar strength. The novel technique is developed by the integration of casting (in die casting) and heat treatment processes in foundry to save cost energy and time. Specimens just after casting were austenitized at 930� C for 90 min and then austempered in fluidized bed at 380� C for 90 and 120 min. Hence, the effect of austempering time on the morphology of retained austenite and mechanical properties of the material were examined and compared with conventionally produced ADI. Drilling tests were then carried out to evaluate the machinability of ADI in terms of cutting forces, chip micro-hardness, chip morphology and surface roughness. The mechanical properties of ADI austempered for 120 min have found to be better as compare to the ADI austempered for 90 min.
Improved Measurement of the Electron EDM
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Hinds, E.
The electron is predicted to be slightly aspheric, though no experiment has ever observed this deviation. Comparing the measured and predicted shape provides a powerful test of the standard model of particle physics. The shape is also intimately related to one of the largest outstanding questions in cosmology: why is the universe almost entirely devoid of antimatter? The electron's shape can be characterised by its electric dipole moment (EDM), de , which measures the deviation of its electric interactions from purely spherical. According to the standard model, this EDM is de ~10-38 e.cm - some eleven orders of magnitude below the current experimental limit. Most extensions to the standard model predict much larger values, potentially accessible to measurement. Hence, the search for the electron EDM is a search for physics beyond the standard model. Moreover, a non-zero breaks time-reversal symmetry which, in many models of particle physics, is equivalent to breaking the symmetry between matter and antimatter, known as CP symmetry. New CP-breaking physics is thought to be needed to explain the existence of a material universe. We have used cold, polar molecules to measure the electron EDM, obtaining the result de = (- 2 . 4 +/- 5 .7stat +/- l-5syst) � 10-28 e.cm. We set a new upper limit of with 90% confidence. Our result, consistent with zero, indicates that the electron is spherical at this improved level of precision. Our measurement, of atto-eV energy shifts in a molecule, probes new physics at the tera-eV energy scale. Many extensions to the standard model, such as the minimal supersymmetric standard model, naturally predict large EDMs and our measurement places significant constraints on the parameters of these theories.
A discrepancy within primate spatial vision and its bearing on the definition of edge detection processes in machine vision
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Jobson, Daniel J.
The visual perception of form information is considered to be based on the functioning of simple and complex neurons in the primate striate cortex. However, a review of the physiological data on these brain cells cannot be harmonized with either the perceptual spatial frequency performance of primates or the performance which is necessary for form perception in humans. This discrepancy together with recent interest in cortical-like and perceptual-like processing in image coding and machine vision prompted a series of image processing experiments intended to provide some definition of the selection of image operators. The experiments were aimed at determining operators which could be used to detect edges in a computational manner consistent with the visual perception of structure in images. Fundamental issues were the selection of size (peak spatial frequency) and circular versus oriented operators (or some combination). In a previous study, circular difference-of-Gaussian (DOG) operators, with peak spatial frequency responses at about 11 and 33 cyc/deg were found to capture the primary structural information in images. Here larger scale circular DOG operators were explored and led to severe loss of image structure and introduced spatial dislocations (due to blur) in structure which is not consistent with visual perception. Orientation sensitive operators (akin to one class of simple cortical neurons) introduced ambiguities of edge extent regardless of the scale of the operator. For machine vision schemes which are functionally similar to natural vision form perception, two circularly symmetric very high spatial frequency channels appear to be necessary and sufficient for a wide range of natural images. Such a machine vision scheme is most similar to the physiological performance of the primate lateral geniculate nucleus rather than the striate cortex.
Annual Symposium on Machine Processing of Remotely Sensed Data, 4th, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Ind., June 21-23, 1977, Proceedings
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Morrison, D. B. (editor); Scherer, D. J.
Papers are presented on a variety of techniques for the machine processing of remotely sensed data. Consideration is given to preprocessing methods such as the correction of Landsat data for the effects of haze, sun angle, and reflectance and to the maximum likelihood estimation of signature transformation algorithm. Several applications of machine processing to agriculture are identified. Various types of processing systems are discussed such as ground-data processing/support systems for sensor systems and the transfer of remotely sensed data to operational systems. The application of machine processing to hydrology, geology, and land-use mapping is outlined. Data analysis is considered with reference to several types of classification methods and systems.
NSDL National Science Digital Library
Mr. Oldroyd
Online Simple Machines Assignment OBJECTIVES: Student\\'s will be able to name and describe all seven simple machines. Students will be able to identify simple machines that they use everyday. Example: Clock = Gear INSTRUCTIONS: 1. Click on the Simple Machines Glossary page and familiarize yourself with the seven simple machines. Simple Machines Glossary Page 2. Students are to click on ...
The feasibility study on a fabricated micro slit die using micro EDM
A Cheng Wang; Biing Hwa Yan; You Xi Tang; Fuang Yuan Huang
A micro slit die easily manufactured using a micro electrical discharge machining (MEDM) is proposed for micro heat sink fabrication. In the investigations described in this paper, processed concave and rectangular shaped copper foils were combined piece by piece to form an assembled electrode. This electrode was used to fabricate a micro slit die. This die included 15 micro fins
Triboplasma - the main component of plasma-chemical processes occurring in the friction units of machines and mechanisms in the presence of these drugs Tribo
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kashapov, N. F.; Sharifullin, S. N.
In this paper, a technology capable of repairing worn surfaces of the friction units of machines and mechanisms. This technology can successfully be used in any production of engineering products. The proposed technology is low-cost, efficient and easy to use. It is shown that the processes occurring in the friction units of machines and mechanisms in the presence of these drugs tribo triboplasma plays a fundamental role, which arises in the contact mating surfaces.
Architecture and data processing alternatives for Tse computer. Volume 1: Tse logic design concepts and the development of image processing machine architectures
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Rickard, D. A.; Bodenheimer, R. E.
Digital computer components which perform two dimensional array logic operations (Tse logic) on binary data arrays are described. The properties of Golay transforms which make them useful in image processing are reviewed, and several architectures for Golay transform processors are presented with emphasis on the skeletonizing algorithm. Conventional logic control units developed for the Golay transform processors are described. One is a unique microprogrammable control unit that uses a microprocessor to control the Tse computer. The remaining control units are based on programmable logic arrays. Performance criteria are established and utilized to compare the various Golay transform machines developed. A critique of Tse logic is presented, and recommendations for additional research are included.
Single Machine Scheduling and Due Date Assignment with Past-Sequence-Dependent Setup Time and Position-Dependent Processing Time
Zhao, Chuan-Li; Hsu, Hua-Feng
This paper considers single machine scheduling and due date assignment with setup time. The setup time is proportional to the length of the already processed jobs; that is, the setup time is past-sequence-dependent (p-s-d). It is assumed that a job's processing time depends on its position in a sequence. The objective functions include total earliness, the weighted number of tardy jobs, and the cost of due date assignment. We analyze these problems with two different due date assignment methods. We first consider the model with job-dependent position effects. For each case, by converting the problem to a series of assignment problems, we proved that the problems can be solved in O(n4) time. For the model with job-independent position effects, we proved that the problems can be solved in O(n3) time by providing a dynamic programming algorithm. PMID:25258727
Machine processing of remotely sensed data; Proceedings of the Conference, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Ind., October 16-18, 1973
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Topics discussed include the management and processing of earth resources information, special-purpose processors for the machine processing of remotely sensed data, digital image registration by a mathematical programming technique, the use of remote-sensor data in land classification (in particular, the use of ERTS-1 multispectral scanning data), the use of remote-sensor data in geometrical transformations and mapping, earth resource measurement with the aid of ERTS-1 multispectral scanning data, the use of remote-sensor data in the classification of turbidity levels in coastal zones and in the identification of ecological anomalies, the problem of feature selection and the classification of objects in multispectral images, the estimation of proportions of certain categories of objects, and a number of special systems and techniques. Individual items are announced in this issue.
Local Health Department Translation Processes: Potential of Machine Translation Technologies to Help Meet Needs
Turner, Anne M.; Mandel, Hannah; Capurro, Daniel
Limited English proficiency (LEP), defined as a limited ability to read, speak, write, or understand English, is associated with health disparities. Despite federal and state requirements to translate health information, the vast majority of health materials are solely available in English. This project investigates barriers to translation of health information and explores new technologies to improve access to multilingual public health materials. We surveyed all 77 local health departments (LHDs) in the Northwest about translation needs, practices, barriers and attitudes towards machine translation (MT). We received 67 responses from 45 LHDs. Translation of health materials is the principle strategy used by LHDs to reach LEP populations. Cost and access to qualified translators are principle barriers to producing multilingual materials. Thirteen LHDs have used online MT tools. Many respondents expressed concerns about the accuracy of MT. Overall, respondents were positive about its potential use, if low costs and quality could be assured. PMID:24551414
Local health department translation processes: potential of machine translation technologies to help meet needs.
Turner, Anne M; Mandel, Hannah; Capurro, Daniel
Limited English proficiency (LEP), defined as a limited ability to read, speak, write, or understand English, is associated with health disparities. Despite federal and state requirements to translate health information, the vast majority of health materials are solely available in English. This project investigates barriers to translation of health information and explores new technologies to improve access to multilingual public health materials. We surveyed all 77 local health departments (LHDs) in the Northwest about translation needs, practices, barriers and attitudes towards machine translation (MT). We received 67 responses from 45 LHDs. Translation of health materials is the principle strategy used by LHDs to reach LEP populations. Cost and access to qualified translators are principle barriers to producing multilingual materials. Thirteen LHDs have used online MT tools. Many respondents expressed concerns about the accuracy of MT. Overall, respondents were positive about its potential use, if low costs and quality could be assured. PMID:24551414
A New Search for the Atomic EDM of 129 Xe at FRM-II (Munich Research Reactor)
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kuchler, Florian; Fierlinger, Peter; Kraegeloh, Eva; Lins, Tobias; Marino, Mike; Meinel, Jonas; Niessen, Benjamin; Stuiber, Stefan; Burghoff, Martin; Fan, Isaac; Kilian, Wolfgang; Knappe-Grueneberg, Silvia; Schnabel, Allard; Seifert, Frank; Trahms, Lutz; Voigt, Jens; Chupp, Tim; Degenkolb, Skyler; Gong, Fei; Sachdeva, Natasha; Babcock, Earl; Singh, Jaideep
Electric dipole moments (EDMs) arise due to the breaking of time-reversal or, equivalently, CP-symmetry. Although all searches have so far only set upper limits on EDMs, the motivation for more sensitive searches is stronger than ever. The present limit of 6 � 10-27 e*cm (95 % CL) for the 129 Xe EDM helps constrain CP-violating parameters within nuclei. A new effort at FRM-II incorporating a 3 He comagnetometer can potentially improve this limit by over three orders of magnitude. The noble gas mixture is polarized by spin-exchange optical pumping and then transferred into a high-performance magnetically shielded room. A SQUID magnetometer array measures the precession frequencies in the presence of applied electric- and magnetic-fields. Recent test runs indicate that the experiment is capable of an EDM sensitivity of 10-28 e*cm in one day.
NSDL National Science Digital Library
This activity is designed to learn about simple machines and to have fun doing so! First, use this website to learn backround information on the basics of simple machines. Try the quiz! Simple Machines Learning Site Next, play a game that tests your ability to identify simple machines.... Edheads: Simple Machines Finally, view this video to see how students your age used applied simple machines to do a cool task... Building Simple Machines: A Glass of Milk, Please ...
Enhanced virtual machining for sculptured surfaces by integrating machine tool error models into NC machining simulation
Yizhen Lin; Yin-Lin Shen
Sculptured surface machining is a time-consuming and costly process. It requires simultaneously controlled motion of the machine axes. However, positioning inaccuracies or errors exist in machine tools. The combination of error motions of the machine axes will result in a complicated pattern of part geometry errors. In order to quantitatively predict these part geometry errors, a new application framework �enhanced
XCUT: A rule-based expert system for the automated process planning of machined parts
S. L. Brooks; K. E. Hummel; M. L. Wolf
Automated process planning is becoming a popular research and development topic in engineering and applied artificial intelligence. It is generally defined as the automatic planning of the manufacturing procedures for producing a part from a CAD based product definition. An automated process planning system, XCUT, is currently being developed using rule-based expert system techniques. XCUT will generate process plans for
Mathematical modelling of color mixing process and PLC control implementation by using human machine interface
Laurentiu Schiop; Marian Gaiceanu
The mixing process is a multivariable and intrinsically non-linear plant. Mathematical modelling of the mixing color process has been taken into consideration in order to design an adequate control (PI controllers) to assure zero steady state, fast control and disturbance rejection. The comparisons of the nonlinear mathematical model and linear one have been done. The control of the process has
CAD/CAM --on the integration of CAPP/CACE for the generation of least-cost machining-process plan for multi-feature work pieces
Pai, C.C.
Planning has always been, and perhaps will always be, a decisive human trait. Recently, substantial accomplishments have been reported in making computers emulate this fundamental human characteristic. As a consequence, much technical improvement has also occurred in the area of Computer Aided Design (CAD), Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP), Computer Aided Cost Estimating (CACE) and Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM). There have been significant results in applying Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques in automated process planning. The rule which human experts utilize to make decisions that involve the complex and nonquantifiable factors of machining are stored and used by an efficient CAPP system to automatically plan for the machining of parts. Despite these recent accomplishments, all CAPP systems developed to date are, at best, able to generate a low-cost machining sequence for only one form feature at a time. In this research, a model is developed for generating a process plan resulting in the least cost of machining of multi-feature work-pieces. A prototype demonstration system, Planner for Cost Control (PCC) is then presented and illustrated within the proposed framework. The decision rules utilized by human planners do not involve the detailed cost implications of decisions involved in all feasible processes associated with the sequencing of machining operations. Therefore, a knowledge-based CAPP system is developed in order to generate only feasible alternative machining operations. Detailed and coat-optimal cutting parameters are then quickly calculated by a CACE system. Further, these results are manipulated by an algorithm that accounts for tool movement and tool change costs and selects a low coat sequence of machining operations for the entire part.
Development on cryogenic valve (V1) for the SNS nEDM experiment
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Tang, Zhaowen; Ito, Takeyasu; Ramsey, John; Currie, Scott; SNS nEDM Collaboration
The goal of the nEDM experiment at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is to search for a neutron electric dipole moment (EDM) with a sensitivity below 5 �10-28 e-cm as a signature of Charge-Parity violation, which is ~ 50 times better than the current experimental limit. The experiment utilizes polarized 3 He as a co-magnetometer and as a method to measure the precession frequency of the neutron in-situ. This method improves both the statistical and systematic sensitivity of the experiment, however, does create many technical challenges. One of these challenges is the cryogenic V1 valve operating at 0.4 K, which isolates the ultra cold neutron (UCN) cell from the 3 He transfer system. The valve has to be UCN friendly, mechanically robust, 3 He leak tight, friendly to polarized 3 He, etc. We will report the progress of the R/D effort of the V1 valve.
Computer-Aided TRIZ Ideality and Level of Invention Estimation Using Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Adams, Christopher; Tate, Derrick
Patent textual descriptions provide a wealth of information that can be used to understand the underlying design approaches that result in the generation of novel and innovative technology. This article will discuss a new approach for estimating Degree of Ideality and Level of Invention metrics from the theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ) using patent textual information. Patent text includes information that can be used to model both the functions performed by a design and the associated costs and problems that affect a design�s value. The motivation of this research is to use patent data with calculation of TRIZ metrics to help designers understand which combinations of system components and functions result in creative and innovative design solutions. This article will discuss in detail methods to estimate these TRIZ metrics using natural language processing and machine learning with the use of neural networks.
Enabling shear textures and fine-grained structures in Magnesium sheet by machining-based deformation processing
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Sagapuram, D.; Efe, M.; Trumble, K. P.; Chandrasekar, S.
The production of Mg alloy AZ31B sheet in a single deformation step by large- strain extrusion machining (LSEM) is detailed. LSEM imposes intense simple shear in a narrow zone by constrained chip formation. The confined deformation and the associated in situ adiabatic heating are found to be the key factors in production of the Mg sheet without need for external (pre-) heating. A range of shear textures with basal planes inclined to the sheet surface are achieved by this processing. The basal plane inclination could be varied by controlling the strain path. Microstructures, both ultrafine-grained (100-500 nm) and conventional fine-grained (2-5 ?m), have been obtained by controlling the adiabatic heating and the extent of dynamic recrystallization. The LSEM sheet with shear texture and fine grain size shows superior combinations of formability and strength compared to rolled sheet.
Lepton Flavour Violation and electron EDM in SUSY with a non-abelian flavour symmetry
Calibbi, Lorenzo [SISSA/ISAS and INFN, I-34013, Trieste (Italy)
We present the lepton sector phenomenology of a supersymmetric flavour model based on a SU(3) horizontal symmetry. This model successfully reproduces the observed fermion masses and mixings, without introducing unacceptably large SUSY sources of flavour and CP violation. We show that the model, which is at present weakly constrained, predicts the electron EDM and {mu}{yields}e,y to be within the final sensitivity of the currently running experiments, at least for SUSY masses within the reach of the LHC.
Broadband Velocity Modulation Spectroscopy of Molecular Ions for Use in the Jila Electron Edm Experiment
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Gresh, Daniel N.; Cossel, Kevin C.; Cornell, Eric A.; Ye, Jun
The JILA electron electric dipole moment (eEDM) experiment will use a low-lying, metastable ^3?_1 state in trapped molecular ions of HfF^+ or ThF^+. Prior to this work, the low-lying states of these molecules had been investigated by PFI-ZEKE spectroscopy. However, there were no detailed studies of the electronic structure. The recently developed technique of frequency comb velocity modulation spectroscopy (VMS) provides broad-bandwidth, high-resolution, ion-sensitive spectroscopy, allowing the acquisition of 150 cm^{-1} of continuous spectra in 30 minutes over 1500 simultaneous channels. By supplementing this technique with cw-laser VMS, we have investigated the electronic structure of HfF^+ in the frequency range of 9950 to 14600 cm^{-1}, accurately fitting and assigning 16 rovibronic transitions involving 8 different electronic states including the X^1?^+ and a^3?_1 states. In addition, an observed ^3?_{0+} state with coupling to both the X and a states has been used in the actual eEDM experiment to coherently transfer population from the rovibronic ground state of HfF^+ to the eEDM science state. Furthermore, we report on current efforts of applying frequency comb VMS at 700 - 900 nm to the study of ThF^+, which has a lower energy ^3?_1 state and a greater effective electric field, and will provide increased sensitivity for a measurement of the eEDM. A. E. Leanhardt et. al., Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy 270, 1-25 (2011). B. J. Barker, I. O. Antonov, M. C. Heaven, K. A. Peterson, Journal of Chemical Physics 136, 104305 (2012). L. C. Sinclair, K. C. Cossel, T. Coffey, J. Ye, E. A. Cornell, Physical Review Letters 107, 093002 (2011). K.C. Cossel et. al., Chemical Physics Letters 546, 1-11 (2012).
Nuclear Spin Maser at Highly Stabilized Low Magnetic Field and Search for Atomic EDM
Yoshimi, A. [RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 (Japan); Asahi, K.; Inoue, T.; Uchida, M.; Hatakeyama, N.; Tsuchiya, M.; Kagami, S. [Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Oh-okayama 2-12-1, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551 (Japan)
A nuclear spin maser is operated at a low static field through an active feedback scheme based on an optical nuclear spin detection and succeeding spin control by a transverse field application. The frequency stability of this optical-coupling spin maser is improved by installation of a low-noise current source for a solenoid magnet producing a static magnetic field in the maser operation. Experimental devices for application of the maser to EDM experiment are being developed.
Workshop on Educational Data Mining @ ICALT07 (EDM@ICALT07)
Joseph E. Beck; Toon Calders; Mykola Pechenizkiy; Silvia Rita Viola
The educational data mining workshop1 held in conjunction with the 7 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT) in Niigata, Japan on July 18-20, 2007. EDM@ICALT07 continues the series of Workshops organized by the International Working Group on Educational Data Mining during 2007. For upcoming events in educational data mining and for information on past workshops. Recently, the increase
Cost-effective machining of brittle materials (glasses and ceramics) eliminating\\/minimizing the polishing process
Keith Carlisle; M. A. Stocker
The disadvantages of traditional methods of edge grinding silicon wafers are discussed. With the industry's move to 300 mm format wafers, comes the pressure of environmental issues to minimize acid etch from the wafer process which is commonly used to improve surface finish and reduce sub surface damage. The recent work of Cranfield Precision in wafer edge processing is described,
Linear programming analysis of the R-parity violation within EDM-constraints
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Yamanaka, Nodoka; Sato, Toru; Kubota, Takahiro
The constraint on the R-parity violating supersymmetric interactions is discussed in the light of current experimental data of the electric dipole moment of neutron, 129Xe , 205Tl, and 199Hg atoms, and YbF and ThO molecules. To investigate the constraints without relying upon the assumption of the dominance of a particular combination of couplings over all the rest, an extensive use is made of the linear programming method in the scan of the parameter space. We give maximally possible values for the EDMs of the proton, deuteron, 3He nucleus, 211Rn, 225Ra, 210Fr, and the R-correlation of the neutron beta decay within the constraints from the current experimental data of the EDMs of neutron, 129Xe, 205Tl, and 199Hg atoms, and YbF and ThO molecules using the linear programming method. It is found that the R-correlation of the neutron beta decay and hadronic EDMs are very useful observables to constrain definite regions of the parameter space of the R-parity violating supersymmetry.
An Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Cutting Forces in Dry Milling Machining Process
Wadja, Bright Yves wilfried
. A three-dimensional Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was conducted using commercial FEA software ABAQUS to predict the cutting forces in a dry milling cutting process. Different cutting input parameters were chosen to predict the cutting forces...
Aristomenis, Antoniadis
to integrate Virtual Reality characteristics and production processes models. This tendency is leading applications capabilities. Virtual Reality initially was only exploited for visualization and interaction with the increase of the Virtual Reality functionalities and the integration of production simulation models
A Case-Based Computer-Aided Process-Planning System for Machining Prismatic Components
M. K. Tiwari; K. Rama Kotaiah; S. Bhatnagar
This article deals with a process-planning system that uses case-based reasoning methodology. Briefly, case-based reasoning\\u000a is an intelligent problem-solving technique which works by searching through a database for previously solved problems for\\u000a one or more cases whose identifying features closely resemble the current problem. The case-based reasoning system used in\\u000a this article to develop a process plan, typically consists of
VSS Controller Design for Gap Control of EDM
Yih-Fang Chang
As an electrode quickly moves towards the discharge field, and then starts to discharge, the proposed variable structure system (VSS) with large switched proportional (P) gains can suddenly hold the electrode at the appropriate position. The erosion process can start quickly and stably in order to decrease the idle time of the whole eroding process. The design procedure of the
Development of a cleaning process for uranium chips machined with a glycol-water-borax coolant
Taylor, P.A.
A chip-cleaning process has been developed to remove the new glycol-water-borax coolant from oralloy chips. The process involves storing the freshly cut chips in Freon-TDF until they are cleaned, washing with water, and displacing the water with Freon-TDF. The wash water can be reused many times and still yield clean chips and then be added to the coolant to make up for evaporative losses. The Freon-TDF will be cycled by evaporation. The cleaning facility is currently being designed and should be operational by April 1985.
Automated machinability checking for CAD\\/CAM
Chuan-Jun Su; Amitabha Mukerjee
The authors present a method to determine whether or not a part is machinable on a three-axis milling machine by consideration of tool motion. The method focuses on determining sets of candidate machining directions, called the basis set, and testing if the process plan generated from any particular set of machining directions succeeds in machining all of the part features.
GEFCom2012 Hierarchical Load Forecasting Gradient boosting machines and Gaussian processes
Ghahramani, Zoubin
discusses data cleansing, section 3 is on temperature forecasting, sections 4 and 5 introduce the GBM and GP. A brief introduction to Gaussian processes is provided in Appendix A. 2. Data cleansing A sensible first the algorithms detailed below performed acceptably well without further data cleansing. No adjustments were made
The polishing process of advanced ceramic balls using a novel eccentric lapping machine
J. Kang; M. Hadfield
The finishing process of advanced ceramic balls can be divided into two steps. The first step is lapping in which most of the stock from the ball is removed at a higher material removal rate. The second step is polishing in which the required ball surface roughness, roundness, dimensional and geometric accuracy are achieved. In polishing, the abrasive particle size
Angel Alique; Rodolfo Haber; Jos� R. Alique; Salvador Ros
This paper reports some results in modeling and simulation of the high-speed cutting process based on cutting force signal. The mathematical model has two fundamental, co-dependent parts. The first is a multiple- input system that defines the model's kinematics, where constants and variables describe the tool geometry, the material type and the cutting parameters. The second addresses the dynamics, represented
New processing possibilities of materials by micro and nano precision laser machining for microelectronics applications
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ulieru, Dumitru; Apostol, Ileana
The permanently development of microelectronics production by continuously increasing of devices densities meantime with corresponding decreasing of processing line till further submicronic range. The processing of huge diversity of materials as metals, polymers, ceramics, silicon, germanium, other materials III-Vs, glass, diamond, hard metal oxides, composites is need. On this paper will be presented our advanced studies and of experiments realized with very good results for a full range of those materials by micro and nanoprocessing for to realize the best accuracy, according with microelectronics technical requirements specified as below: 1. The microdrilling for microvias used for MCM's, MEMS and MOEMS application. 2. The high precision microcutting and scribing used for individual chips separation Isingulation on processed wafers of micro and optoelectronics applications 3. 2D I3D processing for microlens, microlens array and microalveoles fabrication 4. Microengraving of KOP (Potasium dihydrogen phosphate) crystal by laser microablation 5. Micro and nano cleaning of thin and ultrathin layers need for production of microelectronics devices production.
Widening the adoption of workflows to include human and human-machine scientific processes
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Salayandia, L.; Pinheiro da Silva, P.; Gates, A. Q.
Scientific workflows capture knowledge in the form of technical recipes to access and manipulate data that help scientists manage and reuse established expertise to conduct their work. Libraries of scientific workflows are being created in particular fields, e.g., Bioinformatics, where combined with cyber-infrastructure environments that provide on-demand access to data and tools, result in powerful workbenches for scientists of those communities. The focus in these particular fields, however, has been more on automating rather than documenting scientific processes. As a result, technical barriers have impeded a wider adoption of scientific workflows by scientific communities that do not rely as heavily on cyber-infrastructure and computing environments. Semantic Abstract Workflows (SAWs) are introduced to widen the applicability of workflows as a tool to document scientific recipes or processes. SAWs intend to capture a scientists� perspective about the process of how she or he would collect, filter, curate, and manipulate data to create the artifacts that are relevant to her/his work. In contrast, scientific workflows describe the process from the point of view of how technical methods and tools are used to conduct the work. By focusing on a higher level of abstraction that is closer to a scientist�s understanding, SAWs effectively capture the controlled vocabularies that reflect a particular scientific community, as well as the types of datasets and methods used in a particular domain. From there on, SAWs provide the flexibility to adapt to different environments to carry out the recipes or processes. These environments range from manual fieldwork to highly technical cyber-infrastructure environments, i.e., such as those already supported by scientific workflows. Two cases, one from Environmental Science and another from Geophysics, are presented as illustrative examples.
Viral capsid assembly as a model for protein aggregation diseases: Active processes catalyzed by cellular assembly machines comprising novel drug targets.
Marreiros, Rita; M�ller-Schiffmann, Andreas; Bader, Verian; Selvarajah, Suganya; Dey, Debendranath; Lingappa, Vishwanath R; Korth, Carsten
Viruses can be conceptualized as self-replicating multiprotein assemblies, containing coding nucleic acids. Viruses have evolved to exploit host cellular components including enzymes to ensure their replicative life cycle. New findings indicate that also viral capsid proteins recruit host factors to accelerate their assembly. These assembly machines are RNA-containing multiprotein complexes whose composition is governed by allosteric sites. In the event of viral infection, the assembly machines are recruited to support the virus over the host and are modified to achieve that goal. Stress granules and processing bodies may represent collections of such assembly machines, readily visible by microscopy but biochemically labile and difficult to isolate by fractionation. We hypothesize that the assembly of protein multimers such as encountered in neurodegenerative or other protein conformational diseases, is also catalyzed by assembly machines. In the case of viral infection, the assembly machines have been modified by the virus to meet the virus' need for rapid capsid assembly rather than host homeostasis. In the case of the neurodegenerative diseases, it is the monomers and/or low n oligomers of the so-called aggregated proteins that are substrates of assembly machines. Examples for substrates are amyloid ? peptide (A?) and tau in Alzheimer's disease, ?-synuclein in Parkinson's disease, prions in the prion diseases, Disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) in subsets of chronic mental illnesses, and others. A likely continuum between virus capsid assembly and cell-to-cell transmissibility of aggregated proteins is remarkable. Protein aggregation diseases may represent dysfunction and dysregulation of these assembly machines analogous to the aberrations induced by viral infection in which cellular homeostasis is pathologically reprogrammed. In this view, as for viral infection, reset of assembly machines to normal homeostasis should be the goal of protein aggregation therapeutics. A key basis for the commonality between viral and neurodegenerative disease aggregation is a broader definition of assembly as more than just simple aggregation, particularly suited for the crowded cytoplasm. The assembly machines are collections of proteins that catalytically accelerate an assembly reaction that would occur spontaneously but too slowly to be relevant in vivo. Being an enzyme complex with a functional allosteric site, appropriated for a non-physiological purpose (e.g. viral infection or conformational disease), these assembly machines present a superior pharmacological target because inhibition of their active site will amplify an effect on their substrate reaction. Here, we present this hypothesis based on recent proof-of-principle studies against A? assembly relevant in Alzheimer's disease. PMID:25451064
Production prove-out of a process for remelting depleted-uranium machining chips by vacuum induction. Final report, October 1983-October 1984
Skillern, C.G.; Vogel, R.L.
An MM and T program to pursue a production prove-out of recycling depleted uranium machining chips in an existing vacuum-induction remelting system was conducted. A viable method of processing DU chips and generating briquettes for remelting was developed. A pilot lot of 80 finished, machined M833 penetrators, fabricated under the guidelines of this program, is available for ballistic testing. Included in this report is a general analysis of facility requirements to implement chip recycling into the Aerojet production cycle.
Using machine learning techniques to interpret results from discrete event
Mladenic, Dunja
Using machine learning techniques to interpret results from discrete event simulation Dunja Mladeni machine learning techniques. The results of two simulators were processed as machine learning problems discovered. Key words: discrete event simulation, machine learning, artificial intelligence 1 Introduction
Arnold, K.F.
Probing processes are used intermittently and not effectively as an on-line measurement device. This project was needed to evolve machine probing from merely a setup aid to an on-the-machine inspection system. Use of probing for on-machine inspection would significantly decrease cycle time by elimination of the need for first-piece inspection (at a remote location). Federal Manufacturing and Technologies (FM and T) had the manufacturing facility and the ability to integrate the system into production. The Contractor had a system that could optimize the machine tool to compensate for thermal growth and related error.
Xin Yao; Yong Liu
Machine learning is a very active sub-field of artificial intelligence concerned with the development of computational models\\u000a of learning. Machine learning is inspired by the work in several disciplines: cognitive sciences, computer science, statistics,\\u000a computational complexity, information theory, control theory, philosophy, and biology. Simply speaking, machine learning is\\u000a learning by machine. From a computational point of view, machine learning refers
Knowledge Based Machine Translation
Ghulam Rasool Tahir; Sohail Asghar; Nayyer Masood
Machine translation, a part of computational Linguistics, belongs to Natural Language Processing (NLP) and is a hot issue in the computational society. Gap between the linguist and the computer programmer, gives birth to so many problems like lexical ambiguity, syntactic and structural ambiguity, polysemy, induction, discourses, anaphoric ambiguity and different shade of meanings. Mostly English-to-Urdu machine translation systems were developed
Digital signal processing control of induction machine`s torque and stator flux utilizing the direct stator flux field orientation method
Seiz, J.B.
This paper presents a review of the Direct Stator Flux Field Orientation control method. This method can be used to control an induction motor`s torque and flux directly and is the application of interest for this thesis. This control method is implemented without the traditional feedback loops and associated hardware. Predictions are made, by mathematical calculations, of the stator voltage vector. The voltage vector is determined twice a switching period. The switching period is fixed throughout the analysis. The three phase inverter duty cycle necessary to control the torque and flux of the induction machine is determined by the voltage space vector Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique. Transient performance of either the flux or torque requires an alternate modulation scheme which is also addressed in this thesis. A block diagram of this closed loop system is provided. 22 figs., 7 tabs.
Crystal structure of RecBCD enzyme reveals a machine for processing DNA breaks
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Singleton, Martin R.; Dillingham, Mark S.; Gaudier, Martin; Kowalczykowski, Stephen C.; Wigley, Dale B.
RecBCD is a multi-functional enzyme complex that processes DNA ends resulting from a double-strand break. RecBCD is a bipolar helicase that splits the duplex into its component strands and digests them until encountering a recombinational hotspot (Chi site). The nuclease activity is then attenuated and RecBCD loads RecA onto the 3' tail of the DNA. Here we present the crystal structure of RecBCD bound to a DNA substrate. In this initiation complex, the DNA duplex has been split across the RecC subunit to create a fork with the separated strands each heading towards different helicase motor subunits. The strands pass along tunnels within the complex, both emerging adjacent to the nuclease domain of RecB. Passage of the 3' tail through one of these tunnels provides a mechanism for the recognition of a Chi sequence by RecC within the context of double-stranded DNA. Gating of this tunnel suggests how nuclease activity might be regulated.
NSDL National Science Digital Library
At this website, EdHeads, a nonprofit, offers five interactive, animated modules to educate second- through sixth-graders about simple machines. By identifying the many machines located throughout a house, students can learn about fulcrums, wheel and axles, levers, pulleys, inclined planes, and much more. The website is equipped with simple animations to help children understand how the machines work. After students have a handle on simple machines, they can begin to see how they work together to create compound machines. The website also provides a brief glossary summarizing nine types of simple machines. This site is also reviewed in the February 18, 2005_NSDL Physical Sciences Report_.
Investigation of the operating processes of an absorption lithium-bromide refrigeration machine with a spray generator
L. M. Rosenfeld; V. I. Dogolyatskiy
The results of an experimental investigation of a refrigeration machine with a spray generator are discussed. It was concluded after several tests that the spray generator increased the cooling efficiency by 10 to 15%. Phase diagrams are shown.
Intermittent Process Measurement of a Freeform Surface Profile with a Circular Triangulation Laser Probe on a Machining Centre
F.-J. Shiou; M.-J. Chen
This paper describes the development of a non-contact type system for measuring a freeform surface on a machine tool. A laser\\u000a probe, model OTM-3A20 made by Wolf & Back Co., was integrated into a CNC machining centre as a non-contact sensor. An adjustment\\u000a device for the laser probe was designed to minimise the cosine error caused by assembly inaccuracy. An
The effect of electro-discharge machined sonotrode topology on interlaminar bonding in ultrasonic consolidation
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Edmonds, H. C.; Harris, R. A.
Ultrasonic Consolidation (UC) is a solid state additive manufacturing process which fabricates three-dimensional objects by ultrasonically joining metal foils together, layer-by-layer, to form a solid part. This study investigates the effect of sonotrode surface texture on the bond strength, interlaminar microstructure and sample surface texture of parts fabricated by UC. White light interferometry was used to characterize the surface of two sonotrodes, textured by Electro-Discharge Machining (EDM). Aluminum 3003-H18 UC samples were fabricated using both sonotrodes under identical processing conditions. The surface texture of the UC samples produced is a reduced amplitude version of the parent sonotrodes texture. Peel testing was used to evaluate the bond strength and failure mode of the samples. The interlaminar microstructure of the parts was examined and linear weld density measured. The rougher sonotrode samples exhibited higher weld strength and brittle failure modes compared to the less rough sonotrode samples which demonstrated ductile failure and lower weld strength. This paper examines the influence of sonotrode texture on interlaminar bonding in UC and how this could be controlled and exploited to optimize bonding in UC.
NSDL National Science Digital Library
Mrs. MacHose
You will be learning about several types of simple machines. Have fun!! Review the first website (which is right here!! Simple machines) . It has information about simple machines. DON\\"T click until you read all directions!!! Prepare to discuss each type in class. You will need to take some basic notes about each machine, using a bubble-map format. Don\\'t forget ...
Improving the Limit on the Electron EDM: Data Acquisition and Systematics Studies in the ACME Experiment
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Hess, Paul William
The ACME collaboration has completed a measurement setting a new upper limit on the size of the electron's permanent electric dipole moment (EDM). The existence of the EDM is well motivated by theories extending the standard model of particle physics, with predicted sizes very close to the current experimental limit. The new limit was set by measuring spin precession within the metastable H state of the polar molecule thorium monoxide (ThO). A particular focus here is on the automated data acquisition system developed to search for a precession phase odd under internal and external reversal of the electric field. Automated switching of many different experimental controls allowed a rapid diagnosis of major systematics, including the dominant systematic caused by non-reversing electric fields and laser polarization gradients. Polarimetry measurements made it possible to quantify and minimize the polarization gradients in our state preparation and probe lasers. Three separate measurements were used to determine the electric field that did not reverse when we tried to switch the field direction. The new bound of | de| < 8.7 x 10--29 e�cm is over an order of magnitude smaller than previous limits, and strongly limits T-violating physics at TeV energy scales.
He3 Correleation Function Research for nEDM Experiment at ORNL SNS
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Dipert, Robert; Golub, Robert; Gao, Haiyan; Reid, Austin; Chu, Pinghan
Seeking an upper limit of the Neutron Electric Dipole Moment (nEDM) is a test of CP violation beyond the Standard Model. The present nEDM upper limit is 3x10-26 e cm. An experiment to be performed at the Oak Ridge National Lab (ORNL) SNS facility seeks to reach the 10-28 e cm limit. At ORNL, 3He will be used as a comagnetometer, and polarization analyzer and detector. The systematic effects can be explored by measuring the position-position correlation function of 3He. We have developed theoretical expressions for the correlation function which differ from previous theories in the ballistic region. We have already measured into this region with X3[He3:He4] molar concentration ratio as low as 10-6. Limitations were the result of noise in the signal from copper around the cell and insufficient cooling. The apparatus formerly used has been updated to enable the testing of this theory in the transition between the diffuse (X3 > 4x10-5) and ballistic (X3 < 8x10-7) regions by removing the mentioned copper, updating cell design and facilitating lower temperatures (~300 mK).
NSDL National Science Digital Library
Miss. Walker
Learn the Parts of a Sewing Machine This should help you understand the history of sewing machines and how they work. For this assignment, answer these questions on a sheet of paper and bring it to class. Click on this link to go to a site which will briefly explain the history of the sewing machine: wikipedia Was ...
NSDL National Science Digital Library
This is a lesson about simple machines and how they relate to robots. Learners will gain an understanding of simple machines and how they may be used in our everyday lives. Students will also have an opportunity to design a Rube Goldberg Machine of their own. This is lesson 10 of 16 in the MarsBots learning module.
NSDL National Science Digital Library
De Queiroz, Antonio Carlos M.
This website from Antonio Carlos M. De Queiroz, an associate professor at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, illustrates a number of different electrostatic machines. The site includes details and images of machines built by the professor as well as many other historical machines of this type. Some information is also available in Portugese.
Multi-objective optimization of process parameters in Electro-Discharge Diamond Face Grinding based on ANN-NSGA-II hybrid technique
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Yadav, Ravindra Nath; Yadava, Vinod; Singh, G. K.
The effective study of hybrid machining processes (HMPs), in terms of modeling and optimization has always been a challenge to the researchers. The combined approach of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) has attracted attention of researchers for modeling and optimization of the complex machining processes. In this paper, a hybrid machining process of Electrical Discharge Face Grinding (EDFG) and Diamond Face Grinding (DFG) named as Electrical Discharge Diamond face Grinding (EDDFG) have been studied using a hybrid methodology of ANN-NSGA-II. In this study, ANN has been used for modeling while NSGA-II is used to optimize the control parameters of the EDDFG process. For observations of input-output relations, the experiments were conducted on a self developed face grinding setup, which is attached with the ram of EDM machine. During experimentation, the wheel speed, pulse current, pulse on-time and duty factor are taken as input parameters while output parameters are material removal rate (MRR) and average surface roughness ( R a). The results have shown that the developed ANN model is capable to predict the output responses within the acceptable limit for a given set of input parameters. It has also been found that hybrid approach of ANN-NSGAII gives a set of optimal solutions for getting appropriate value of outputs with multiple objectives.
Introduction to machine learning.
Ba?tanlar, Yalin; Ozuysal, Mustafa
The machine learning field, which can be briefly defined as enabling computers make successful predictions using past experiences, has exhibited an impressive development recently with the help of the rapid increase in the storage capacity and processing power of computers. Together with many other disciplines, machine learning methods have been widely employed in bioinformatics. The difficulties and cost of biological analyses have led to the development of sophisticated machine learning approaches for this application area. In this chapter, we first review the fundamental concepts of machine learning such as feature assessment, unsupervised versus supervised learning and types of classification. Then, we point out the main issues of designing machine learning experiments and their performance evaluation. Finally, we introduce some supervised learning methods. PMID:24272434
A Telesurveillance System With Automatic Electrocardiogram Interpretation Based on Support Vector Machine and Rule-Based Processing
Lin, Ching-Miao; Lai, Feipei; Ho, Yi-Lwun; Hung, Chi-Sheng
Background Telehealth care is a global trend affecting clinical practice around the world. To mitigate the workload of health professionals and provide ubiquitous health care, a comprehensive surveillance system with value-added services based on information technologies must be established. Objective We conducted this study to describe our proposed telesurveillance system designed for monitoring and classifying electrocardiogram (ECG) signals and to evaluate the performance of ECG classification. Methods We established a telesurveillance system with an automatic ECG interpretation mechanism. The system included: (1) automatic ECG signal transmission via telecommunication, (2) ECG signal processing, including noise elimination, peak estimation, and feature extraction, (3) automatic ECG interpretation based on the support vector machine (SVM) classifier and rule-based processing, and (4) display of ECG signals and their analyzed results. We analyzed 213,420 ECG signals that were diagnosed by cardiologists as the gold standard to verify the classification performance. Results In the clinical ECG database from the Telehealth Center of the National Taiwan University Hospital (NTUH), the experimental results showed that the ECG classifier yielded a specificity value of 96.66% for normal rhythm detection, a sensitivity value of 98.50% for disease recognition, and an accuracy value of 81.17% for noise detection. For the detection performance of specific diseases, the recognition model mainly generated sensitivity values of 92.70% for atrial fibrillation, 89.10% for pacemaker rhythm, 88.60% for atrial premature contraction, 72.98% for T-wave inversion, 62.21% for atrial flutter, and 62.57% for first-degree atrioventricular block. Conclusions Through connected telehealth care devices, the telesurveillance system, and the automatic ECG interpretation system, this mechanism was intentionally designed for continuous decision-making support and is reliable enough to reduce the need for face-to-face diagnosis. With this value-added service, the system could widely assist physicians and other health professionals with decision making in clinical practice. The system will be very helpful for the patient who suffers from cardiac disease, but for whom it is inconvenient to go to the hospital very often. PMID:25953306
Magnetometry in the Munich Neutron Electric Dipole Moment (nEDM) Experiment
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Degenkolb, Skyler
Neutron EDM measurements rely on sensitive magnetometry to decouple signal from systematic errors. State-of-the-art co-magnetometers use hyperpolarized diamagnetic atoms, chosen for small spin-flip cross-sections and long coherence times. In particular, the 254 nm 199Hg line is used to polarize and detect via Hg lamps or lasers. We present a comprehensive scheme of Hg co-magnetometers, external magnetometers and gradiometers inside passive and active shields. Hg gas is pumped and probed by a diode laser with two doubling stages whose UV output is locked to the 254 nm line at the point of vanishing light shift; adjacent cells containing Hg and/or other species are used to extract systematics correlated with material properties of Hg (e.g., center-of-mass displacements or georotational shifts). Vapor cell magnetometers of Hg or Cs are used for comparison, and to guide apparatus installation. The vibration-isolated experiment takes place within passive mu-metal and aluminum shields, inside a non-magnetic experimental hall. A magnetically shielded room, monitored by 180 fluxgate magnetometers which generate error signals for 24 independent external compensation coils, contains the passive shield. Design and performance of the composite system will be discussed. Neutron EDM measurements rely on sensitive magnetometry to decouple signal from systematic errors. State-of-the-art co-magnetometers use hyperpolarized diamagnetic atoms, chosen for small spin-flip cross-sections and long coherence times. In particular, the 254 nm 199Hg line is used to polarize and detect via Hg lamps or lasers. We present a comprehensive scheme of Hg co-magnetometers, external magnetometers and gradiometers inside passive and active shields. Hg gas is pumped and probed by a diode laser with two doubling stages whose UV output is locked to the 254 nm line at the point of vanishing light shift; adjacent cells containing Hg and/or other species are used to extract systematics correlated with material properties of Hg (e.g., center-of-mass displacements or georotational shifts). Vapor cell magnetometers of Hg or Cs are used for comparison, and to guide apparatus installation. The vibration-isolated experiment takes place within passive mu-metal and aluminum shields, inside a non-magnetic experimental hall. A magnetically shielded room, monitored by 180 fluxgate magnetometers which generate error signals for 24 independent external compensation coils, contains the passive shield. Design and performance of the composite system will be discussed. (for the Munich nEDM Collaboration: nedm.ph.tum.de)
Cognitive signal processing: An emerging technology for the prediction of behavior of complex human\\/machine systems
R. J. P. de Figueiredo
One of the themes of central interest, to the public and private sectors alike, is the prediction of the behavior of complex human\\/animal\\/machine systems. Typical examples of such systems are the national economy, education systems, transportation systems, etc., as well as individual humans and animals viewed anatomically and physiologically as complex systems. This lecture presented a new approach to the
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
A NASA-developed software package has played a part in technical education of students who major in Mechanical Engineering Technology at William Rainey Harper College. Professor Hack has been using (APT) Automatically Programmed Tool Software since 1969 in his CAD/CAM Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing curriculum. Professor Hack teaches the use of APT programming languages for control of metal cutting machines. Machine tool instructions are geometry definitions written in APT Language to constitute a "part program." The part program is processed by the machine tool. CAD/CAM students go from writing a program to cutting steel in the course of a semester.
Preliminary study of high-speed machining
Jordan, R.E.
The feasibility of a high speed machining process has been established for application to Bendix aluminum products, based upon information gained through visits to existing high speed machining facilities and by the completion of a representative Bendix part using this process. The need for an experimental high speed machining capability at Bendix for further process evaluation is established.
Tool & Die and EDM Series. Educational Resources for the Machine Tool Industry. Course Syllabi, Instructor's Handbook, [and] Student Laboratory Manual.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Texas State Technical Coll. System, Waco.
This package consists of course syllabi, an instructor's handbook, and a student laboratory manual for a 2-year vocational training program to prepare students for entry-level employment as tool and die makers. The program was developed through a modification of the DACUM (Developing a Curriculum) technique. The course syllabi volume begins with�
Forsythe, J. Chris (Sandia Park, NM); Xavier, Patrick G. (Albuquerque, NM); Abbott, Robert G. (Albuquerque, NM); Brannon, Nathan G. (Albuquerque, NM); Bernard, Michael L. (Tijeras, NM); Speed, Ann E. (Albuquerque, NM)
Digital technology utilizing a cognitive model based on human naturalistic decision-making processes, including pattern recognition and episodic memory, can reduce the dependency of human-machine interactions on the abilities of a human user and can enable a machine to more closely emulate human-like responses. Such a cognitive model can enable digital technology to use cognitive capacities fundamental to human-like communication and cooperation to interact with humans.
Crina Grosan; Ajith Abraham
\\u000a Machine Learning[6][8][12] is concerned with the study of building computer programs that automatically improve and\\/or adapt\\u000a their performance through experience. Machine learning can be thought of as �programming by example� [11]. Machine learning\\u000a has many common things with other domains such as statistics and probability theory (understanding the phenomena that have\\u000a generated the data), data mining (finding patterns in the
Monitoring local crustal movements using high precision GPS network and EDM baseline
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ahola, J.; Ollikainen, M.
Finnish Geodetic Institute (FGI) established in a co-operation with Posiva Ltd. high precision GPS networks at Olkiluoto, Kivetty and Romuvaara in 1994-1995. The goal of the work is to study local crustal deformations at the areas, which were selected as candidates for a disposal of spent nuclear fuel used in Finland. The studies are now concentrated at Olkiluoto, because the Government and the Parliament have ratified the positive policy decision that makes it possible to establish the final disposal at Olkiluoto. The GPS network at Olkiluoto includes ten reinforced concrete pillars located in different geological blocks. The FGI has observed the network semiannually since 1995. The GPS observations were made in 24 h sessions with Ashtech Z-12 GPS receivers equipped with Ashtech Dorne Margolin Choke Ring antennas. The computations were made with Bernese GPS software using the L1 and L2 frequencies and the ionosphere models. According to the 14 measurements campaigns the largest baselines change rates are about 0.5 mm � 0.1-0.2 mm per year. We have noticed that some GPS sessions yield baseline lengths, which are systematically longer than the mean of all campaigns. The systematic error is most probably due to the ionosphere modeling. In order to solve this scaling problem we established a 511 m baseline for electronic distance measurements (EDM) between two pillars in the spring 2002. We will measure the distance between these stations with Mekometer 5000 during the GPS measurement campaigns. Two Mekometer measurements were performed in 2002. The differences between the GPS and the EDM measurements are few tenth of millimeter. More measurement campaigns are needed to determine possible crustal movements at the Olkiluoto investigation area. GPS observations and electronic distance measurements will be continued semiannually.
Interior Vector Magnetic Field Monitoring for the SNS Neutron EDM Experiment
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Nouri, Nima; Plaster, Brad
A concept has been developed which provides for a real-time determination of the spatial dependence of the vector components of the magnetic field (and, hence, the ?Bi / ?xj field gradients) within the interior fiducial volume of the SNS neutron EDM experiment solely from exterior measurements at fixed discrete locations. This technique will be especially important during the operation of the experiment, when direct measurements of the field gradients present within the fiducial volume will not be physically possible. Our method, which is based on the solution to the Laplace Equation, is completely general and does not require the field to possess any type of symmetry. We describe the concept and our systematic approach for optimizing the locations of these exterior measurements. We also present results from prototyping studies of a field monitoring system deployed within a half-scale prototype of the experiment's magnetic field environment. A concept has been developed which provides for a real-time determination of the spatial dependence of the vector components of the magnetic field (and, hence, the ?Bi / ?xj field gradients) within the interior fiducial volume of the SNS neutron EDM experiment solely from exterior measurements at fixed discrete locations. This technique will be especially important during the operation of the experiment, when direct measurements of the field gradients present within the fiducial volume will not be physically possible. Our method, which is based on the solution to the Laplace Equation, is completely general and does not require the field to possess any type of symmetry. We describe the concept and our systematic approach for optimizing the locations of these exterior measurements. We also present results from prototyping studies of a field monitoring system deployed within a half-scale prototype of the experiment's magnetic field environment. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Physics under Award No. DE-FG02-08ER41557.
Micro Machining Enhances Precision Fabrication
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Advanced thermal systems developed for the Space Station Freedom project are now in use on the International Space Station. These thermal systems employ evaporative ammonia as their coolant, and though they employ the same series of chemical reactions as terrestrial refrigerators, the space-bound coolers are significantly smaller. Two Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contracts between Creare Inc. of Hanover, NH and Johnson Space Center developed an ammonia evaporator for thermal management systems aboard Freedom. The principal investigator for Creare Inc., formed Mikros Technologies Inc. to commercialize the work. Mikros Technologies then developed an advanced form of micro-electrical discharge machining (micro-EDM) to make tiny holes in the ammonia evaporator. Mikros Technologies has had great success applying this method to the fabrication of micro-nozzle array systems for industrial ink jet printing systems. The company is currently the world leader in fabrication of stainless steel micro-nozzles for this market, and in 2001 the company was awarded two SBIR research contracts from Goddard Space Flight Center to advance micro-fabrication and high-performance thermal management technologies.
Diamond machine tool face lapping machine
Yetter, H.H.
An apparatus for shaping, sharpening and polishing diamond-tipped single-point machine tools. The isolation of a rotating grinding wheel from its driving apparatus using an air bearing and causing the tool to be shaped, polished or sharpened to be moved across the surface of the grinding wheel so that it does not remain at one radius for more than a single rotation of the grinding wheel has been found to readily result in machine tools of a quality which can only be obtained by the most tedious and costly processing procedures, and previously unattainable by simple lapping techniques.
Machine Learning and Radiology
Wang, Shijun; Summers, Ronald M.
In this paper, we give a short introduction to machine learning and survey its applications in radiology. We focused on six categories of applications in radiology: medical image segmentation, registration, computer aided detection and diagnosis, brain function or activity analysis and neurological disease diagnosis from fMR images, content-based image retrieval systems for CT or MRI images, and text analysis of radiology reports using natural language processing (NLP) and natural language understanding (NLU). This survey shows that machine learning plays a key role in many radiology applications. Machine learning identifies complex patterns automatically and helps radiologists make intelligent decisions on radiology data such as conventional radiographs, CT, MRI, and PET images and radiology reports. In many applications, the performance of machine learning-based automatic detection and diagnosis systems has shown to be comparable to that of a well-trained and experienced radiologist. Technology development in machine learning and radiology will benefit from each other in the long run. Key contributions and common characteristics of machine learning techniques in radiology are discussed. We also discuss the problem of translating machine learning applications to the radiology clinical setting, including advantages and potential barriers. PMID:22465077
A New Tool for the Modeling of AI and Machine Learning Applications: Random Walk-Jump Processes
Anis Yazidi; Ole-Christoffer Granmo; B. John Oommen
\\u000a There are numerous applications in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) where the criteria for decisions\\u000a are based on testing procedures. The most common tools used in such random phenomena involve Random Walks (RWs). The theory\\u000a of RWs and its applications have gained an increasing research interest since the start of the last century. [1]. In this\\u000a context, we
NSDL National Science Digital Library
How do you get a glove and a ball up to your tree house? One answer is to use a pulley. A pulley is a simple machine. In this original KET interactive, children learn about the basic workings of three simple machines.
Plummer, D.
The excavating machine has a cutter carrying boom carried by a boom support member which can be swung about an axis extending in the direction of the roadway. The machine includes a cutter unit and a stay unit each of which is releasably anchorable in the roadway and each of which can be advanced relative to the other unit.
2005 IEEE Workshop on Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics October 16-19, 2005, New Paltz, NY LEARNING AUDITORY MODELS OF MACHINE VOICES
Ellis, Dan
to traditional therapy akin to art therapy and music therapy, utilizes the sounds of machines as email@example.com ABSTRACT Vocal imitation is often found useful in Machine Therapy ses- sions as it creates an emphatic by our work in Machine Therapy in which hu- mans try to vocally imitate machines, but this task also
Unsteady processes in reversible hydraulic machines and consideration of their special characteristics in the design of penstocks for pumped-storage plants
L. A. Zolotov; V. M. Klabukov; V. M. Vladimirskii; A. N. Zaitsev
Conclusions��\\u000a \\u000a \\u000a \\u000a 1.�\\u000a \\u000a The unsteady phenomena which occur in the internal passages of reversible hydraulic machines and whose intensity is unusually\\u000a high are stable and propagate, with only a small attenuation along the penstock, to a considerable distance.\\u000a \\u000a \\u000a \\u000a \\u000a 2.�\\u000a \\u000a The complex form of the action of unsteady processes caused by large pressure fluctuations in penstocks does not make it possible\\u000a at
Research on machining error compensation in high-precision surface grinding machine for optical aspheric elements
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ke, Xiaolong; Guo, Yinbiao; Zhang, Shihan; Huang, Hao
Using aspheric component in optical system can correct optical aberration, acquire high imaging quality, improve the optical characteristic, simplify system structure, and reduce system volume. Nowadays, high-precision surface grinding machine is an important approach to processing optical aspheric elements. However, because of the characteristics of optical aspheric elements, the processing method makes a higher demand to whole performance of surface grinding machine, and hardly to achieve ideal machining effect. Taking high generality and efficiency into account, this paper presents a compensation method for machining errors of high-precision surface grinding machine, which bases on optical aspheric elements, to achieve high-precision machining for all kinds of optical aspheric elements. After compensation, the machining accuracy of grinding machine could reach 2um/200�200mm. The research bases on NC surface grinding machine which is self developed. First of all, this paper introduces machining principle for optical aspheric elements on the grinding machine. And then error sources which producing errors are analyzed. By contacting and non-contacting measurement sensors, measurement software which is self designed realizes on-position measure for grinded workpiece, then fits surface precision and machining errors. Through compensation software for machining error which is self designed, compensation algorithm is designed and translated compensation data into G-code for the high-precision grinding machine to achieve compensation machining. Finally, by comparison between machining error compensation before and after processing, the experiments for this purpose are done to validate the compensation machining accuracy.
Research on the thermal load of CNC milling machine
Xue-Jun Nie; Ping-Dong Wu
Machine tool accuracy is the assurance of top-quality products in machining processes. In the all kinds of errors related to machine tools, thermal errors of machine tools' parts play an important role in machining accuracy and directly influence both the surface finish and the geometric shape of the finished workpiece. Therefore the objective of this work was to analyze the
Machine-Aided Indexing for NASA STI.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Wilson, John
Describes the use of machine aided indexing as part of NASA's information systems. The discussion covers reasons for incorporating machine aided indexing, the lexical dictionary used, subject switching, natural language processing, benefits to the system, and possible future developments. (CLB)
Dobson, Kelly E. (Kelly Elizabeth), 1970-
Machine Therapy is a new practice combining art, design, psychoanalysis, and engineering work in ways that access and reveal the vital, though often unnoticed, relevance of people's interactions and relationships with ...
NSDL National Science Digital Library
The mission of the Math Machines organization is to "improve the quality of mathematical education, enhance the transfer of mathematical thinking into other classes, and increase students' ability to apply rigorous mathematics outside the classroom." Their website supports a National Science Foundation ATE grant-supported project designed to improve teaching in the areas of Mathematics, Science, and Technology at the high school and college levels. This improved learning results from using math, science, and technology principles to build and control various machines such as pointers and robots or "math machines", which are simple devices that provide an immediate, physical, dynamic expression to abstract mathematical equations. The website provides information links on Educational Theory, Classroom Activities, Project Workshops, Calculators & Programs, and Machine Construction Instructions for Building: Closed Circuits, Servo Motors, Controllers, Robot Boards and more. There is also contact information, an FAQ section, as well as upcoming events.
NSDL National Science Digital Library
This series of three interactive, multimedia activities introduce and demonstrate the properties of six simple machines. Specifically, the lessons show how levers, pulleys, inclined planes, screws, wheels and axles, and wedges can reduce the amount of work done by humans. After learning about the characteristics of each classification, users can try to find the simple machines that make up a lawn mower. By inspecting the mower from different angles, several simple machines are revealed and must be identified. The final activity lets users test their knowledge of the mechanics of simple machines. Following a builder through each stage of constructing a tree house, users can apply equations to determine the mechanical advantage supplied by using the tools.
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Castle Industries, Inc. is a small machine shop manufacturing replacement plumbing repair parts, such as faucet, tub and ballcock seats. Therese Castley, president of Castle decided to introduce Monel because it offered a chance to improve competitiveness and expand the product line. Before expanding, Castley sought NERAC assistance on Monel technology. NERAC (New England Research Application Center) provided an information package which proved very helpful. The NASA database was included in NERAC's search and yielded a wealth of information on machining Monel.
Distilling Abstract Machines Beniamino Accattoli
Mazza, Damiano
Distilling Abstract Machines Beniamino Accattoli Carnegie Mellon University & Universit`a di rather distills them: some transitions are simulated while others vanish, as they map to a notion of structural congruence. The distillation process unveils that abstract machines in fact implement weak linear
Machine Learning for Intelligent Systems
Pat Langley
Recent research in machine learning has focused on su- pervised induction for simple classification and rein- forcement learning for simple reactive behaviors. In the process, the field has become disconnected from AI's original goal of creating complete intelligent agents. In this paper, I review recent work on machine learning for planning, language, vision, and other topics that runs counter to
A Healthy Electron/Neutron EDM in D3/D7 mu-Split-Like SUSY
Mansi Dhuria; Aalok Misra
Within the framework of N=1 gauged supergravity, using a phenomenological model which can be obtained locally as a Swiss-Cheese Calabi-Yau string-theoretic compactification with a mobile D3-brane localized on a nearly sLag three-cycle in the Calabi-Yau and fluxed stacks of wrapped D7-branes, and which provides a natural realization of mu-Split SUSY, we show that in addition to getting a significant value of electron/neutron EDM d_{e,n}/e at two-loop level, one can obtain a sizable contribution of d_{e,n}/e even at one-loop level. We obtain d_{e}/e ~ O(10^{-29}) cm from two-loop diagrams involving heavy sfermions and a light Higgs, and d_{e}/e ~ O(10^{-32}) cm from one-loop diagram involving heavy chargino and a light Higgs. Also, d_{n}/e ~ O(10^{-33}) cm from one-loop diagram involving SM-like quarks and Higgs. Next, by considering a Barr-Zee diagram involving W bosons and Higgs, and conjecturing that the CP-violating phase can appear from a linear combination of Higgs doublet obtained in the context of mu-split SUSY, we obtain d_{e,n}/e ~ O(10^{-27}) cm at two-loop level .
Machine performance assessment and enhancement for a hexapod machine
Mou, J.I. [Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ (United States); King, C. [Sandia National Labs., Livermore, CA (United States). Integrated Manufacturing Systems Center
The focus of this study is to develop a sensor fused process modeling and control methodology to model, assess, and then enhance the performance of a hexapod machine for precision product realization. Deterministic modeling technique was used to derive models for machine performance assessment and enhancement. Sensor fusion methodology was adopted to identify the parameters of the derived models. Empirical models and computational algorithms were also derived and implemented to model, assess, and then enhance the machine performance. The developed sensor fusion algorithms can be implemented on a PC-based open architecture controller to receive information from various sensors, assess the status of the process, determine the proper action, and deliver the command to actuators for task execution. This will enhance a hexapod machine`s capability to produce workpieces within the imposed dimensional tolerances.
High Temp. Material Processes 4 (2000) 227-252 227 INTERACTIVE EFFECTS OF REACTIVITY AND MELT FLOW IN LASER MACHINING
Yao, Y. Lawrence
High Temp. Material Processes 4 (2000) 227-252 227 INTERACTIVE EFFECTS OF REACTIVITY AND MELT FLOW. It is commonly accepted that the reaction energy contributes nearly #12;HIGH TEMP. MATERIAL PROCESSES 228 half., 1979, Ivarson, et al., 1994). It is explained #12;HIGH TEMP. MATERIAL PROCESSES 229 (Arata, et al
Experimental study of micro electrical discharge machining discharges
Braganca, I. M. F.; Rosa, P. A. R.; Martins, P. A. F. [IDMEC, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade Tecnica de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa (Portugal)] [IDMEC, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade Tecnica de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa (Portugal); Dias, F. M.; Alves, L. L. [Instituto de Plasmas e Fusao Nuclear, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade Tecnica de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa (Portugal)] [Instituto de Plasmas e Fusao Nuclear, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade Tecnica de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa (Portugal)
Micro electrical discharge machining ({mu}EDM) is an atmospheric-pressure plasma-assisted technology that uses point-to-plane discharges in liquid dielectrics to remove microscopic quantities of electrically conductive materials. In this work, an innovative {mu}EDM prototype machine was specifically designed and fabricated to produce and control single spark discharges, thus, resolving the typical limitations of (multi-discharge) commercial machines. The work analyses the type of discharge and the micro-plasma electron-density values obtained for 0.5-38 {mu}m gap sizes, 3-10 000 {mu}s pulse durations, 75-250 V low breakdown voltages, and 1-20 A discharge currents, using different combinations of metallic electrodes in oil and in water. Results allow fitting, for micro-scale and low voltages, an empirical law between the maximum gap-size for breakdown, the breakdown voltage, and the effective stress-time. The electron density n{sub e} is obtained by optical emission spectroscopy diagnostics of the H{sub {alpha}}-line Stark broadening (yielding n{sub e}{approx}10{sup 16}-10{sup 17} cm{sup -3}, i.e., ionization degrees of {approx}2 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup -5}-10{sup -4}) and by a semi-empirical resistive plasma model. The model uses the experimental values of several electrical and geometrical quantities, and of the gas pressure estimated as {approx}60 bar-2 kbar from measurements of the plasma mechanical action, obtained using a force sensor. The quantitative information of this phenomenological study can assist the optimization of this micro-fabrication technique.
Application of Fractal in Machine Downtime Control
Xuanxuan Li; Bo Li; Limei Xu; Sean Li
Unexpected machine failures directly impact machine availability, which leads to phantom capacity, high maintenance cost, and risks to factory profitability and competitiveness. The collateral damage far exceeds the original downtime itself. This paper proposes a fractal based method for machine downtime trend analysis and performance control. AR (Auto Regression) model is applied for data pre-process, rescaled range (R\\/S) analysis and
Tony Schmitz; John Ziegert
The current procedure followed to manufacture a new part by CNC machining is to write the part program, machine a test part and measure the test part for conformance to the required dimensions and tolerances. If the test part dimensions are not correct, the part program is modified and the process repeated until a successful part is machined. In many
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
The Orbotron is a tri-axle exercise machine patterned after a NASA training simulator for astronaut orientation in the microgravity of space. It has three orbiting rings corresponding to roll, pitch and yaw. The user is in the middle of the inner ring with the stomach remaining in the center of all axes, eliminating dizziness. Human power starts the rings spinning, unlike the NASA air-powered system. Marketed by Fantasy Factory (formerly Orbotron, Inc.), the machine can improve aerobic capacity, strength and endurance in five to seven minute workouts.
The influence of different screw concepts while processing fibre reinforced thermoplastics with the concept of inline-compounding on an injection moulding machine
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Moritzer, E.; M�ller, E.; Kleeschulte, R.
Today, the global market poses major challenges for industrial product development. Complexity, the wide range of variants, flexibility and individuality are just some of the features that products have to fulfil. Product series additionally have shorter and shorter lifetimes. Because of their high capacity for adaptation, polymers are increasingly able to substitute traditional materials such as wood, glass and metals in various fields of application [1]. But polymers can only substitute other materials if they are optimally suited to the applications in question. Hence, product-specific material development is becoming increasingly important [2]. The problem is that the traditional development process for new polymer formulations is much too complex, too slow and therefore too expensive. Product-specific material development is thus out of the question for most processors. Integrating the compounding step in the injection moulding process would lead to a more efficient and faster development process for a new polymer formulation, providing an opportunity to create new product-specific materials. This process is called inline-compounding on an injection moulding machine. In order to develop this innovative formulation concept, with the focus on fibre reinforced thermoplastics, different screw-concepts are compared with regard to the resultant performance characteristics in the part, such as mechanical properties and fibre length distribution.
Artificial neural networks to model formulation-property correlations in the process of inline-compounding on an injection moulding machine
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Moritzer, Elmar; M�ller, Ellen; Martin, Yannick; Kleeschulte, Rainer
Today the global market poses great challenges for industrial product development. Complexity, diversity of variants, flexibility and individuality are just some of the features that products have to offer today. In addition, the product series have shorter lifetimes. Because of their high capacity for adaption, polymers are increasingly able to displace traditional materials such as wood, glass and metals from various fields of application. Polymers can only be used to substitute other materials, however, if they are optimally suited to the applications in question. Hence, product-specific material development is becoming increasingly important. Integrating the compounding step in the injection moulding process permits a more efficient and faster development process for a new polymer formulation, making it possible to create new product-specific materials. This process is called inline-compounding on an injection moulding machine. The entire process sequence is supported by software from Bayer Technology called Product Design Workbench (PDWB), which provides assistance in all the individual steps from data management, via analysis and model compilation, right through to the optimization of the formulation and the design of experiments. The software is based on artificial neural networks and can model the formulation-property correlations and thus enable different formulations to be optimized. In the study presented, the workflow and the modelling with the software are presented.
Machine Translation: Learning without Word
Smith, David A.
Machine Translation: Learning without Word Alignments Introduction to Natural Language Processing - Models will automatically learn entries in probabilistic translation dictionaries, for instance p lookup in existing dictionary 8 #12;Learning Word Translation Dictionaries Using Minimal Resources 9 #12
Review of research work in sinking EDM and WEDM on metal matrix composite materials
R. K. Garg; K. K. Singh; Anish Sachdeva; Vishal S. Sharma; Kuldeep Ojha; Sharanjit Singh
Metal matrix composites (MMCs) are newly advanced materials having the properties of light weight, high specific strength,\\u000a good wear resistance and a low thermal expansion coefficient. These materials are extensively used in industry. Greater hardness\\u000a and reinforcement makes it difficult to machine using traditional techniques, which has impeded the development of MMCs. The\\u000a use of traditional machinery to machine hard
NSDL National Science Digital Library
This Java applet allows learners to explore simple linear functions. Students determine the algebraic form of a linear equation by entering inputs into the machine and by looking for patterns in the outputs. The function rules available are: integers from -10 to 10 are either added to, subtracted from, or multiplied by the input x to yield the output y.
NSDL National Science Digital Library
In this math lesson, learners explore variables and their uses. Learners pretend to be FBI agents and make a TOP SECRET tool that enables them to decode and find the values of hidden messages and words. Learners make their simple "decoding machines" out of paper and tape.
Developing Language Processing Components with GATE
Maynard, Diana
eswni sn oerts qenevieve qorrell edm punk engus oerts hni hmljnovi homs reitz wrk eF qreenwood rorio httpXGGgteFFukG his user mnul is freeD ut plese onsider mking dontionF rwv versionX http-TechSight, and enIRaF). #12;Developing Language Processing Components with GATE Version 8 ©2014 The University
Reduce cycle time and work in process in a medical device factory : scheduling policies for needle assembly machine
Meng, Kai, M. Eng. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Many manufacturing firms have improved their operations by implementing a work-in-process (WIP) limiting control strategy. This project explores the application of this concept to limit WIP and reduce cycle time for the ...
Development of a selective electroforming process for micro-sized probe tips used in LCD inspection machines
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kim, Jong Sun; Min, In Ki; Kim, Jong Deok
A probe station is an inspection apparatus that automatically transfers liquid crystal display (LCD) panels and separates defective LCD products using a micro-probe unit. However, as the number of pixels increases in LCD screens, the size of the inspecting probe unit has to decrease. There are many limits to the conventional methodology when it comes to fabricating micro-sized probes. In this study, a selective electroforming process was developed and a micro-probe tip was fabricated using this process. Selective electroforming is a high-precision fabricating process where a non-conductive barrier layer is deposited on a conductive wafer and the conductive parts are electroformed using only Ni. Finally, using the selective electroforming process, the micro-sized probe was fabricated with a shape error of less than 0.1%.
Real-time parallel implementation of Pulse-Doppler radar signal processing chain on a massively parallel machine based on multi-core DSP and Serial RapidIO interconnect
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Klilou, Abdessamad; Belkouch, Said; Elleaume, Philippe; Le Gall, Philippe; Bourzeix, Fran�ois; Hassani, Moha M'Rabet
Pulse-Doppler radars require high-computing power. A massively parallel machine has been developed in this paper to implement a Pulse-Doppler radar signal processing chain in real-time fashion. The proposed machine consists of two C6678 digital signal processors (DSPs), each with eight DSP cores, interconnected with Serial RapidIO (SRIO) bus. In this study, each individual core is considered as the basic processing element; hence, the proposed parallel machine contains 16 processing elements. A straightforward model has been adopted to distribute the Pulse-Doppler radar signal processing chain. This model provides low latency, but communication inefficiency limits system performance. This paper proposes several optimizations that greatly reduce the inter-processor communication in a straightforward model and improves the parallel efficiency of the system. A use case of the Pulse-Doppler radar signal processing chain has been used to illustrate and validate the concept of the proposed mapping model. Experimental results show that the parallel efficiency of the proposed parallel machine is about 90%.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Hoffmann, Achim; Mahidadia, Ashesh
The purpose of this chapter is to present fundamental ideas and techniques of machine learning suitable for the field of this book, i.e., for automated scientific discovery. The chapter focuses on those symbolic machine learning methods, which produce results that are suitable to be interpreted and understood by humans. This is particularly important in the context of automated scientific discovery as the scientific theories to be produced by machines are usually meant to be interpreted by humans. This chapter contains some of the most influential ideas and concepts in machine learning research to give the reader a basic insight into the field. After the introduction in Sect. 1, general ideas of how learning problems can be framed are given in Sect. 2. The section provides useful perspectives to better understand what learning algorithms actually do. Section 3 presents the Version space model which is an early learning algorithm as well as a conceptual framework, that provides important insight into the general mechanisms behind most learning algorithms. In section 4, a family of learning algorithms, the AQ family for learning classification rules is presented. The AQ family belongs to the early approaches in machine learning. The next, Sect. 5 presents the basic principles of decision tree learners. Decision tree learners belong to the most influential class of inductive learning algorithms today. Finally, a more recent group of learning systems are presented in Sect. 6, which learn relational concepts within the framework of logic programming. This is a particularly interesting group of learning systems since the framework allows also to incorporate background knowledge which may assist in generalisation. Section 7 discusses Association Rules - a technique that comes from the related field of Data mining. Section 8 presents the basic idea of the Naive Bayesian Classifier. While this is a very popular learning technique, the learning result is not well suited for human comprehension as it is essentially a large collection of probability values. In Sect. 9, we present a generic method for improving accuracy of a given learner by generatingmultiple classifiers using variations of the training data. While this works well in most cases, the resulting classifiers have significantly increased complexity and, hence, tend to destroy the human readability of the learning result that a single learner may produce. Section 10 contains a summary, mentions briefly other techniques not discussed in this chapter and presents outlook on the potential of machine learning in the future.
MACHINE LEARNING FOR MULTI-MODALITY GENOMIC SIGNAL PROCESSING Sun-Yuan Kung and Man-Wai Mak
Mak, Man-Wai
and prediction of cancers and responses to therapies. Genomic sequencing and gene expression technologies have of producing proteins from informa- tion coded in genes. A genome-wide study via the pure sequencing approach architectures--cascaded and parallel--suitable for genomic signal process- ing. For simplicity, we shall use
NSDL National Science Digital Library
Wakild, Terri
The goals for this introduction activity to Simple Machines are.: - Generate scientific questions about the world based on observation - Design and conduct scientific investigations - Use tools and equipment appropriate to scientific investigations - Use sources of information in support of scientific investigation - Write and follow procedures in the form of step-by-step instructions, formulas, flow diagram, and sketches - Show how common themes of science, mathematics, and technology apply in real-world contexts - Recognize the contributions made in science by cultures and individuals of diverse backgrounds - Design strategies for moving objects by application of forces, including the use of simple machines MERC Online Reviewer Comments: Good computer activities for under-represented students who want to pursue manufacturing education. Distance Learning is a plus.
NSDL National Science Digital Library
Miss Stewart
Can you identify the six types of simple machines? 1. What do you know about Inclined Planes? Draw an example on your graphic organizer and state one fact.Inclined Plane 2. What do you know about levers? Draw an example on your graphic organizer and state one fact.Lever. 3. What do you know about pulleys? Draw an example on your graphic organizer and ...
Mendola, C.F.
A mining machine is disclosed in which a cutting drum undercuts a vein of coal and side relief cutters make vertical kerfs in the vein upwardly from the undercut. A chisel plate is forced into the coal vein and breaks loose the material above the undercut and between the side relief cuts. The coal falls into conveyors and is loaded into mine shuttle cars for removal from the mine. The side relief cutters and chisel assembly are progressively raised to extract higher levels of coal from the vein until the desired roof height has been reached. The tramming track assembly, which propels the machine, may be rotated 90/sup 0/ to permit extraction from the vein immediately adjacent the initial extraction. All power supplied near the working face of the vein is hydraulic to minimize the risk of fire or explosion, and a water spray system minimizes dust circulation. Hydraulic roof and floor jacks are provided to increase the stability of the mining machine when exceptionally hard material is encountered in the coal vein.
Left ear advantage in speech-related dichotic listening is not specific to auditory processing disorder in children: A machine-learning fMRI and DTI study?
Schmithorst, Vincent J.; Farah, Rola; Keith, Robert W.
Dichotic listening (DL) tests are among the most frequently included in batteries for the diagnosis of auditory processing disorders (APD) in children. A finding of atypical left ear advantage (LEA) for speech-related stimuli is often taken by clinical audiologists as an indicator for APD. However, the precise etiology of ear advantage in DL tests has been a source of debate for decades. It is uncertain whether a finding of LEA is truly indicative of a sensory processing deficit such as APD, or whether attentional or other supramodal factors may also influence ear advantage. Multivariate machine learning was used on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and functional MRI (fMRI) data from a cohort of children ages 7�14 referred for APD testing with LEA, and typical controls with right-ear advantage (REA). LEA was predicted by: increased axial diffusivity in the left internal capsule (sublenticular region), and decreased functional activation in the left frontal eye fields (BA 8) during words presented diotically as compared to words presented dichotically, compared to children with right-ear advantage (REA). These results indicate that both sensory and attentional deficits may be predictive of LEA, and thus a finding of LEA, while possibly due to sensory factors, is not a specific indicator of APD as it may stem from a supramodal etiology. PMID:24179844
Symposium on Machine Processing of Remotely Sensed Data, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Ind., June 29-July 1, 1976, Proceedings
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Papers are presented on the applicability of Landsat data to water management and control needs, IBIS, a geographic information system based on digital image processing and image raster datatype, and the Image Data Access Method (IDAM) for the Earth Resources Interactive Processing System. Attention is also given to the Prototype Classification and Mensuration System (PROCAMS) applied to agricultural data, the use of Landsat for water quality monitoring in North Carolina, and the analysis of geophysical remote sensing data using multivariate pattern recognition. The Illinois crop-acreage estimation experiment, the Pacific Northwest Resources Inventory Demonstration, and the effects of spatial misregistration on multispectral recognition are also considered. Individual items are announced in this issue.
Case for a field-programmable gate array multicore hybrid machine for an image-processing application
Ryan N. Rakvic; Robert W. Ives; Javier Lira; Carlos Molina
General purpose computer designers have recently begun adding cores to their processors in order to increase performance. For example, Intel has adopted a homogeneous quad-core processor as a base for general purpose computing. PlayStation3 (PS3) game consoles contain a multicore heterogeneous processor known as the Cell, which is designed to perform complex image processing algorithms at a high level. Can
Study of Best Algorithm Combinations for Speech Processing Tasks in Machine Learning Using Median vs. Mean Clusters in MARF
Serguei A. Mokhov
This work reports experimental results and their analysis in various speech processing tasks using SpeakerIdentApp, a text-independent speaker identification application, based on Modular Audio Recognition Framework (MARF)'s API and its implementation in terms of best of the available algorithm configurations for each particular task using median clusters as opposed to the default mean clusters. This study focuses on the tasks
Analysis of Surface Characteristics of AISI D2 Tool Steel Material Using Carbon Nano Tube
S. Prabhu; B. K. Vinayagam
Recent developments in EDM have opened up new avenues for finishing of hard and brittle materials with nano surface finish, high tolerance and accuracy. Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is one of the important non- traditional machining processes. Carbon nano tube is having high Mechanical and Electrical Properties specifically High Electrical Conductivity. By using this property the multi wall carbon nano
Triangle Relation of Dark Matter, EDM and CP Violation in B0 Mixing in a Supersymmetric Q6 Model
Yoshiyuki Kaburaki; Kazuhiro Konya; Jisuke Kubo; Alexander Lenz
We consider a recently proposed supersymmetric model based on the discrete Q6 family group.Because of the family symmetry and spontaneous CP violation the electric dipole moment (EDM), the CP violation in the mixing of the neural mesons and the dark matter mass m_DM are closely related. This triangle relation is controlled by the size of the mu parameters. Loop effects can give rise to large contributions to the soft mass insertions, and we find that the model allows a large CP violation in the B0 system. Its size is comparable with the recent experimental observations at D0 and CDF, and it could be observed at LHCb in the first years. If the parameter space is constrained by the neutron EDM, and flavor changing neutral currents and CP violations in K0 as well as B0 mixing, the triangle relation yields the following bound on the dark matter candidate: 0.12 TeV < m_DM < 0.33 TeV, which is directly observable at LHC. We also compute a_sl^s - a_sl^d, which is observable at LHCb, where a_sl^s(d) is the semi-leptonic CP asymmetryfor the B_s(d) system.
Monte Carlo Simulation of Spin Relaxation due to v x E effect in nEDM experiment
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Schmid, Riccardo; Plaster, Brad; Filippone, Bradley
We have simulated the precession of spin-polarized Ultra Cold Neutrons and ^3He atoms in uniform and static B and E fields and calculated the spin relaxation. The spin relaxation times T1 (longitudinal) and T2 (transverse) of spin-polarized UCN and ^3He atoms are important considerations in the new measurements of neutron Electric Dipole Moment in the SNS nEDM experiment. The uniform E field creates a motional magnetic field due to the v xE effect which combines with collisions with the walls of the holding cell to produce constant variation of the total B field and result in the spin relaxation of the neutron and ^3He samples. Scattering of ^3He atoms in ^4He also results in spin relaxation and is highly temperature dependent. In the SNS nEDM experiment the B field has magnitude of 10 mGauss. The applied E field is parallel to the B field and has a magnitude of 50 kV/cm. We have found the relaxation times for the neutron due to the v xE effect to be long compared to holding times and neutron lifetime. On the other hand, the v xE effect could be important for ^3He relaxation times.
4F13: Machine Learning Lectures 1-2: Introduction to Machine Learning
Ghahramani, Zoubin
4F13: Machine Learning Lectures 1-2: Introduction to Machine Learning Zoubin Ghahramani email@example.com Department of Engineering University of Cambridge Michaelmas, 2006 http://learning.eng.cam.ac.uk/zoubin/ml06 Processing--but don't despair, a lot of new material later! #12;What is machine learning useful for? #12
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Manufacturer of the Model 2210 copying machine was looking for a plastic valve bushing material that could be produced by a low-cost injection molding process to replace the unsuitable valve bushing they were using. NERAC conducted a computer search of the NASA database and was able to supply Nashua Corporation with several technical reports in their area of interest. Information aided the company's development of a urethane valve bushing which solved the problem and created a dramatic reduction in unit cost.
Case for a field-programmable gate array multicore hybrid machine for an image-processing application
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Rakvic, Ryan N.; Ives, Robert W.; Lira, Javier; Molina, Carlos
General purpose computer designers have recently begun adding cores to their processors in order to increase performance. For example, Intel has adopted a homogeneous quad-core processor as a base for general purpose computing. PlayStation3 (PS3) game consoles contain a multicore heterogeneous processor known as the Cell, which is designed to perform complex image processing algorithms at a high level. Can modern image-processing algorithms utilize these additional cores? On the other hand, modern advancements in configurable hardware, most notably field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) have created an interesting question for general purpose computer designers. Is there a reason to combine FPGAs with multicore processors to create an FPGA multicore hybrid general purpose computer? Iris matching, a repeatedly executed portion of a modern iris-recognition algorithm, is parallelized on an Intel-based homogeneous multicore Xeon system, a heterogeneous multicore Cell system, and an FPGA multicore hybrid system. Surprisingly, the cheaper PS3 slightly outperforms the Intel-based multicore on a core-for-core basis. However, both multicore systems are beaten by the FPGA multicore hybrid system by >50%.
Learning about Simple Machines
NSDL National Science Digital Library
Mrs. Keller
This activity is designed to learn about simple machines and to have fun doing so! First, use this website to learn backround information on the basics of simple machines. Try the quiz! Simple Machines Learning Site Next, play a game that tests your ability to identify simple machines.... Edheads: Simple Machines Finally, view this video to see how students your age used applied simple machines to do a cool task... Building Simple Machines: A Glass of Milk, Please ...
RISMA: A Rule-based Interval State Machine Algorithm for Alerts Generation, Performance Analysis and Monitoring Real-Time Data Processing
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Laban, Shaban; El-Desouky, Aly
The monitoring of real-time systems is a challenging and complicated process. So, there is a continuous need to improve the monitoring process through the use of new intelligent techniques and algorithms for detecting exceptions, anomalous behaviours and generating the necessary alerts during the workflow monitoring of such systems. The interval-based or period-based theorems have been discussed, analysed, and used by many researches in Artificial Intelligence (AI), philosophy, and linguistics. As explained by Allen, there are 13 relations between any two intervals. Also, there have also been many studies of interval-based temporal reasoning and logics over the past decades. Interval-based theorems can be used for monitoring real-time interval-based data processing. However, increasing the number of processed intervals makes the implementation of such theorems a complex and time consuming process as the relationships between such intervals are increasing exponentially. To overcome the previous problem, this paper presents a Rule-based Interval State Machine Algorithm (RISMA) for processing, monitoring, and analysing the behaviour of interval-based data, received from real-time sensors. The proposed intelligent algorithm uses the Interval State Machine (ISM) approach to model any number of interval-based data into well-defined states as well as inferring them. An interval-based state transition model and methodology are presented to identify the relationships between the different states of the proposed algorithm. By using such model, the unlimited number of relationships between similar large numbers of intervals can be reduced to only 18 direct relationships using the proposed well-defined states. For testing the proposed algorithm, necessary inference rules and code have been designed and applied to the continuous data received in near real-time from the stations of International Monitoring System (IMS) by the International Data Centre (IDC) of the Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO). The CLIPS expert system shell has been used as the main rule engine for implementing the algorithm rules. Python programming language and the module "PyCLIPS" are used for building the necessary code for algorithm implementation. More than 1.7 million intervals constitute the Concise List of Frames (CLF) from 20 different seismic stations have been used for evaluating the proposed algorithm and evaluating stations behaviour and performance. The initial results showed that proposed algorithm can help in better understanding of the operation and performance of those stations. Different important information, such as alerts and some station performance parameters, can be derived from the proposed algorithm. For IMS interval-based data and at any period of time it is possible to analyze station behavior, determine the missing data, generate necessary alerts, and to measure some of station performance attributes. The details of the proposed algorithm, methodology, implementation, experimental results, advantages, and limitations of this research are presented. Finally, future directions and recommendations are discussed.
NSDL National Science Digital Library
This website, the homepage of Machine Design.com, contains resources on a variety of information for engineers and technicians related to devices, components, design applications, products, and systems in the manufacturing technology sector. The site also features a CAD library, eBooks, audiovisual aids, webinars, whitepapers and a reference center. Some of the resources require a free login. The page offers an RSS feed to keep users up to date on new resources. A free login may be required to access some of these items.
The effect of electric discharge machined notches on the fracture toughness of several structural alloys
Joyce, J.A. [Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD (United States); Link, R.E. [Naval Surface Warfare Center, Annapolis, MD (United States)
Recent computational studies of the stress and strain fields at the tip of very sharp notches have shown that the stress and strain fields are very weakly dependent on the initial geometry of the notch once the notch has been blunted to a radius that is 6 to 10 times the initial root radius. It follows that if the fracture toughness of a material is sufficiently high so that fracture initiation does not occur in a specimen until the crack-tip opening displacement (CTOD) reaches a value from 6 to 10 times the size of the initial notch tip diameter, then the fracture toughness will be independent of whether a fatigue crack or a machined notch served as the initial crack. In this experimental program the fracture toughness (J{sub Ic} and J resistance (J-R) curve, and CTOD) for several structure alloys was measured using specimens with conventional fatigue cracks and with EDM machined notches. The results of this program have shown, in fact, that most structural materials do not achieve initiation CTOD values on the order of 6 to 10 times the radius of even the smallest EDM notch tip presently achievable. It is found furthermore that tougher materials do not seem to be less dependent on the type of notch tip present. Some materials are shown to be much more dependent on the type of notch tip used, but no simple pattern is found that relates this observed dependence to the material strength toughness, or strain hardening rate.
Autonomous agent for on-machine acceptance of machined components
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Pancerella, Carmen M.; Hazelton, Andrew J.; Frost, H. R.
In recent years, manufacturers of high precision mechanical parts have been required to produce increasingly complex designs, in smaller lot sizes, with improved quality. These requirements demand lower process costs, shorter development cycles and more accurate manufacturing technologies. To meet these demands, manufacturers are attempting to both improve process quality and provide better CAD/CAM integration. The technique of on- machine acceptance provides one mechanisms for improving the part inspection and verification process. This approach allows one machine and one process capability model to be used for both fabrication and inspection, reducing capital cost and overall cycle time. However, the on-machine acceptance technique possesses greater potential than as simply an alternative mechanism for verifying part geometry. If the inspection capability information generated by on-machine acceptance processes can be made available to designers, it can be used to create a design-for-inspectability environment and help realize the benefits of concurrent engineering. This paper proposes a novel architecture which integrates on-machine acceptance with an agent-based concurrent design environment, for reducing both the cost and production time for high quality, small lot size, mechanical parts. This work has focused on the production of stainless steel pressure vessels at the Integrated Manufacturing Technology Laboratory manufacturing cell, located at Sandia National Laboratories, California.
Exploring the Use of a Reliable IP Multicast to Distribute BaBar's Online Event Processing and Filter Software to a Large Number of Farm Machines
Ishihara, T
Currently, the problem at hand is in distributing identical copies of OEP and filter software to a large number of farm nodes. One of the common methods used to transfer these softwares is through unicast. Unicast protocol faces the problem of repetitiously sending the same data over the network. Since the sending rate is limited, this process poses to be a bottleneck. Therefore, one possible solution to this problem lies in creating a reliable multicast protocol. A specific type of multicast protocol is the Bulk Multicast Protocol [4]. This system consists of one sender distributing data to many receivers. The sender delivers data at a given rate of data packets. In response to that, the receiver replies to the sender with a status packet which contains information about the packet loss in terms of Negative Acknowledgment. The probability of the status packet sent back to the sender is+, where N is the number of receivers. The protocol is designed to have approximately 1 status packet for each data packet sent. In this project, we were able to show that the time taken for the complete transfer of a file to multiple receivers was about 12 times faster with multicast than by the use of unicast. The implementation of this experimental protocol shows remarkable improvement in mass data transfer to a large number of farm machines.
Shi, Qinfeng "Javen"
Course info Machine Learning Real life problems Lecture 1: Machine Learning Problem Qinfeng (Javen) Shi 28 July 2014 Intro. to Stats. Machine Learning COMP SCI 4401/7401 Qinfeng (Javen) Shi Lecture 1: Machine Learning Problem #12;Course info Machine Learning Real life problems Table of Contents I 1 Course
Progress on Tests of Electric Breakdown of Superfluid Liquid Helium-4 in High Electric Field for the SNS nEDM Experiment
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Wei, Wanchun; Beck, Douglas; Cianciolo, Vince; Clayton, Steven; Crawford, Christopher; Currie, Scott; Griffith, William; Ito, Takeyasu; Ramsey, John; Roberts, Amy; Schmid, Richardo; Seidel, George; Wagner, Daniel; Williamson, Steven; Yao, Weijun; SNS nEDM Collaboration
The SNS nEDM experiment is a collaborative project under development, which aims to search for the neutron electric dipole moment (EDM) with ultracold neutrons (UCNs) stored in superfluid liquid helium-4 at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) in Oak Ridge National Laboratory. In general, the ultimate sensitivity of the EDM searches linearly depends on the strength of the applied electric field across the volume of superfluid liquid helium-4 in the UCN storage space. Our goal is to achieve an electric field with strength of 75 kV/cm. However, the phenomenon of electric breakdown in liquid helium-4 is poorly understood in the available literatures. We, therefore, have developed an apparatus to study it at temperatures as low as 0.4 K and pressures between saturated vapor pressure (SVP) of liquid helium and 1 atm. In this talk, we will present the latest progress on the tests of the electric breakdown of superfluid liquid helium-4 and its implications of findings that affect the design of the SNS nEDM experiment.
Applications of the connection machine
Waltz, D.L.
The Connection Machine development effort was initiated in the belief that parallel processing and artificial intelligence could together accelerate the rate of progress toward truly intelligent machines. This progress is the result of the ease with which the machine can be programmed and the dramatic increase in compute power that the machine can bring to bear. The authors have been able to run many trials of experiments in instances where previously, running just one would have been considered an achievement and no further experimentation would have been done. This has enabled exploring a great many more hypotheses and to work on much larger problems that had been possible on previous-generation artificial intelligence workstations. The ease of programming is in part the result of a decision to use existing serial machines (the Symbolics 3600 or Digital Equipment Corporation VAX), thus leaving unchanged the operating systems, editors, file systems, debuggers, network communications systems, and so on, so as to provide familiar programming environments. The Connection Machine is programmed in conservative extensions of Common Lisp and C. Users familiar with these languages and with front-end computer systems have been able to produce results on the Connection Machine on the first day that they use it.
DREAMS: a payload on-board the ExoMars EDM Schiaparelli for the characterization of Martian environment during the statistical dust storm season
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Molfese, Cesare; Esposito, Francesca; Debei, Stefano; Bettanini, Carlo; Arruego Rodr�guez, Ignacio; Colombatti, Giacomo; Harri, Ari-Matty.; Montmessin, Franck; Wilson, Colin; Aboudan, Alessio; Mugnuolo, Raffaele; Pirrotta, Simone; Marchetti, Ernesto; Witasse, Olivier
F. Esposito1, S. Debei2, C. Bettanini2, C. Molfese1, I. Arruego Rodr�guez3, G. Colombatti2, A-M. Harri4, F. Montmessin5, C. Wilson6, A. Aboudan2, S. Abbaki5, V. Apestigue3, G. Bellucci7, J-J. Berthelier5, J. R. Brucato8, S. B. Calcutt6, F. Cortecchia1, F. Cucciarr�2, G. Di Achille1, F. Ferri2, F. Forget9, E. Friso2, M. Genzer4, P. Gilbert5, H. Haukka4, J. J. Jim�nez3, S. Jim�nez10, J-L. Josset11, O. Karatekin12, G. Landis13, R. Lorenz14, J. Martinez3, L. Marty1, V. Mennella1, D. M�hlmann15, D. Moirin5, R. Molinaro1, E. Palomba7, M. Patel16, J-P. Pommereau5, C.I. Popa1, S. Rafkin17, P. Rannou18, N.O. Renno19, P. Schipani1, W. Schmidt4, E. Segato2, S. Silvestro1, F. Simoes20, A. Spiga9, F. Valero21, L. V�zquez21, F. Vivat5, O. Witasse22, R. Mugnuolo23, S. Pirrotta23, E.Marchetti23 1INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Napoli, Italy, 2CISAS - Universit� degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy, 3INTA, Spain, 4Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI),Helsinki, Finland, 5LATMOS - CNRS/UVSQ/IPSL, France, 6Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom, 7INAF - Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario (IFSI), 8INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, 9CNRS, LMD, France, 10Universidad Polit�cnica de Madrid, Spain, 11Space Exploration Institute, Switzerland, 12Royal Observatory of Belgium,Belgium, 13NASA, GRC, USA, 14JHU Applied Physics Lab (JHU-APL), USA, 15DLR PF Leitungsbereich, Berlin, Germany, 16Open University, UK, 17SwRL, Switzerland, 18GSMA, France, 19University of Michigan, USA, 20NASA, GSFC, USA, 21Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Spain, 22ESA-ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, 23Italian Space Agency, Italy DREAMS (Dust characterization, Risk assessment and Environment Analyzer on the Martian Surface) package is an integrated multi-sensor scientific payload dedicated to characterizing the landing site environment in dusty conditions. It will measure pressure, wind speed and direction, relative humidity, temperature, the solar irradiance, the dust opacity, and the atmospheric electric properties close to the surface of Mars. It will fly in January 2016 on-board the Schiaparelli Entry, Descent and landing Demonstrator Module (EDM) of the ExoMars space mission. It is foreseen to land on Mars in late October 2016 during the statistical dust storm season. Therefore, DREAMS might have the unique chance to make scientific measurements to characterize the Martian environment in a dusty scenario also performing the first ever measurements of atmospheric electric field on Mars. The relationship between the process of dust entrainment in the atmosphere during dust events and the enhancement of atmospheric electric field has been widely studied in an intense field test campaign in the Sahara desert. In order to better characterize this physical process, we performed atmospheric and environmental measurements comparable to those that DREAMS will acquire on Mars. Preliminary results will be discussed. DREAMS is in a high development state. A first model has been delivered to ESA and has been integrated in the EDM Flight Model. Integration tests are on-going. The DREAMS Flight Model will be delivered at the end of March this year.
Improvement of reliability of welding by in-process sensing and control: development of smart welding machines for girth welding of pipes. First progress report
J. Converti; Y. Dror; D. E. Hardt; K. Masubuchi; H. M. Paynter; W. C. Unkel
Progress is reported in a research program to improve the reliability of welding by developing smart welding machine which will be equipped with sensors, artificial intelligence, and actuators for reducing welding errors by one or two orders of magnitude. (FS)
Proceedings, Digital Signal Processing for in-Vehicle and mobile systems, Istanbul, Turkey, June 2007. MACHINE LEARNING SYSTEMS FOR DETECTING DRIVER DROWSINESS
Bartlett, Marian Stewart
, eye closure, and yawning. Here we employ machine learning to datamine actual human behavior during actions include blinking and yawn motions, as well as a number of other facial movements. In addition
Desforges, B; CERN. Geneva. SPS and LHC Division
2002 SPS MACHINE STATISTICS Fixed Target Periods with Protons (comments on machine operation, tables and diagrams, comparative tables and diagrams) Fixed Target Periods with Ions (comments on machine operation, tables and diagrams, comparative tables and diagrams)
Electrochemical Machining Carves out Nanostructures
NSDL National Science Digital Library
Kalaugher, Liz
This news article from June 20, 2003 published by Great Britain's Institute of Physics, describes an electrochemical machining process that is being used to fabricate complex nanostructures. The work, produced by German and U.S. researchers, has the potential to compete with current lithographic processes.
Associations of parameters characterizing the time course of the tabletting process on a reciprocating and on a rotary tabletting machine for high-speed production
Peter Konkel; Jobst B. Mielck
A series of modern direct-compression excipients with differing mechanisms of deformation and densification, Karion Instant� Pharma, Vivacel� 200, Cellactose�, Tablettose�, and Parmcompress�, after admixing magnesium stearate, have been tabletted (400 mg, 10 mm flat-faced punches) on an eccentric machine, Fette E XI at 43.6 rpm, and on a rotary machine, Fette PT 2090 at 20, 60, and 90 rpm, to
NSDL National Science Digital Library
Dunn, Ashley.
Mind & Machine is a weekly column provided by Ashley Dunn for the New York Times Cybertimes that discusses topics related to computing, technology, and the Internet. Recent columns have addressed the topics of the development of Internet telephony, possible futures of user interfaces, the history of technology and standards, and the Internet as a vehicle for community. Articles are well written, opinionated, and thought provoking. Mr. Dunn is a free lance writer who has written for such papers as the New York Times, the Los Angeles Times, the Seattle Post-Intelligencer, and the South China Morning Post. Note that the site is available only upon registration and is free of charge only in the US.
C. Y. Khoo; Esah Hamzah; Izman Sudin
Advanced ceramics are likely candidates for many industrial applications due to their superior properties. However, their high machining costs lead to limited applications. Rotary ultrasonic machining (RUM) is one of the cost-effective machining processes available for drilling holes in advanced ceramics. This paper reports on investigations in the last few years on RUM process of advanced ceramics. Emphasis is given
Equipment management strategy under machine capacity loss
D. Daniel Sheu; Jeff Lin
Using integrated circuit packaging lines as examples, this research proposed a set of capacity loss formula for production capability analysis under machine capacity loss. The formula provided a way to estimate capacity loss and to determine strategies for scheduled machine down�such as preventive maintenance�under given production line situation. The parameters such as work-in-process level, machine down duration, and station capacity
Cold machining of high density tungsten and other materials
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Ziegelmeier, P.
Cold machining process, which uses a sub-zero refrigerated cutting fluid, is used for machining refractory or reactive metals and alloys. Special carbide tools for turning and drilling these alloys further improve the cutting performance.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Rowe, Robert
The training of musicians begins by teaching basic musical concepts, a collection of knowledge commonly known as musicianship. Computer programs designed to implement musical skills (e.g., to make sense of what they hear, perform music expressively, or compose convincing pieces) can similarly benefit from access to a fundamental level of musicianship. Recent research in music cognition, artificial intelligence, and music theory has produced a repertoire of techniques that can make the behavior of computer programs more musical. Many of these were presented in a recently published book/CD-ROM entitled Machine Musicianship. For use in interactive music systems, we are interested in those which are fast enough to run in real time and that need only make reference to the material as it appears in sequence. This talk will review several applications that are able to identify the tonal center of musical material during performance. Beyond this specific task, the design of real-time algorithmic listening through the concurrent operation of several connected analyzers is examined. The presentation includes discussion of a library of C++ objects that can be combined to perform interactive listening and a demonstration of their capability.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Dunn, James
This guide, the second in a series of five machine shop curriculum manuals, was designed for use in machine shop courses in Oklahoma. The purpose of the manual is to equip students with basic knowledge and skills that will enable them to enter the machine trade at the machine-operator level. The curriculum is designed so that it can be used in�
Building and simulating protein machines
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Katebi, Ataur Rahim
Glycolysis is a central metabolic pathway, present in almost all organisms, that produces energy. The pathway has been extensively investigated by biochemists. There is a significant body of structural and biochemical information about this pathway. The complete pathway is a ten step process. At each step, a specific chemical reaction is catalyzed by a specific enzyme. Fructose bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) and triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) catalyze the fourth and the fifth steps on the pathway. This thesis investigates the possible substrate transfer mechanism between FBA and TIM. FBA cleaves its substrate, the six-carbon fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP), into two three-carbon products -- glyceraldehydes 3-phosphate (GAP) and dihydroxy acetone phosphate (DHAP). One component of these two products, DHAP, is the substrate for TIM and the other component GAP goes directly to GAPDH, the subsequent enzyme on the pathway. TIM converts DHAP to GAP and delivers the product to GAPDH. I employ Elastic Network Models (ENM) to investigate the mechanistic and dynamic aspects of the functionality of FBA and TIM enzymes -- (1) the effects of the oligomerization of these two enzymes on their functional dynamics and the coordination of the individual protein's structural components along the functional region; and (2) the mechanistic synchrony of these two protein machines that may enable them to operate in a coordinated fashion as a conjugate machine -- transferring the product from FBA as substrate to TIM. A macromolecular machine comprised of FBA and TIM will facilitate the substrate catalysis mechanism and the product flow between FBA and TIM. Such a machine could be used as a functional unit in building a larger a machine for the structural modeling of the whole glycolysis pathway. Building such machines for the glycolysis pathway may reveal the interplay of the enzymes as a complete machine. Also the methods and insights developed from the efforts to build such large machines could be applied to build macromolecular structures for other biologically important clusters of interacting enzymes centered around individual metabolic pathways.
Photogrammetric machine vision
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Haggr�n, Henrik
Photogrammetry is the art, science and technology of obtaining reliable three-dimensional information about physical objects and the environment through processes of recording, measuring, and interpreting photographic images and patterns of electromagnetic radiant energy and other phenomena. In real-time photogrammetry, and specifically when applied to machine vision, the solid state video cameras act as dynamic two-dimensional records of scences containing all the actual information for continuous gathering of three-dimensional object space data. Both passive and active real-time photogrammetric systems are discussed.
Machine vision systems using machine learning for industrial product inspection
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Lu, Yi; Chen, Tie Q.; Chen, Jie; Zhang, Jian; Tisler, Anthony
Machine vision inspection requires efficient processing time and accurate results. In this paper, we present a machine vision inspection architecture, SMV (Smart Machine Vision). SMV decomposes a machine vision inspection problem into two stages, Learning Inspection Features (LIF), and On-Line Inspection (OLI). The LIF is designed to learn visual inspection features from design data and/or from inspection products. During the OLI stage, the inspection system uses the knowledge learnt by the LIF component to inspect the visual features of products. In this paper we will present two machine vision inspection systems developed under the SMV architecture for two different types of products, Printed Circuit Board (PCB) and Vacuum Florescent Displaying (VFD) boards. In the VFD board inspection system, the LIF component learns inspection features from a VFD board and its displaying patterns. In the PCB board inspection system, the LIF learns the inspection features from the CAD file of a PCB board. In both systems, the LIF component also incorporates interactive learning to make the inspection system more powerful and efficient. The VFD system has been deployed successfully in three different manufacturing companies and the PCB inspection system is the process of being deployed in a manufacturing plant.
Ravishankar Mariayyah; John P. Patten; Harish P. Cherukuri
Silicon nitride by nature is hard and brittle. In previous works, it has been demonstrated that silicon nitride can be machined by single-edge diamond tool as an alternative to the traditional finishing process. But commercial viability of such diamond turning processes is limited by tool wear. In this paper, an attempt has been made to edge machine silicon nitride disks
Applications of machine learning and rule induction
Pat Langley; Herbert A. Simon
Machine learning is the study of computational methods for improving performance by mechanizing the acquisition of knowledge from experience. Expert performance requires much domain-specific knowledge, and knowledge engineering has produced hundreds of AI expert systems that are now used regularly in industry. Machine learning aims to provide increasing levels of automation in the knowledge engineering process, replacing much time-consuming human
Knowledge-based disambiguation for machine translation
Joachim Quantz; Birte Schmitz
The resolution of ambiguities is one of the central problems for Machine Translation. In this paper we propose a knowledge-based approach to disambiguation which uses Description Logics (dl) as representation formalism. We present the process of anaphora resolution implemented in the Machine Translation systemfast and show how thedl systemback is used to support disambiguation.
Advances in Diagnostic Techniques for Induction Machines
Alberto Bellini; Fiorenzo Filippetti; Carla Tassoni; G�rard-Andr� Capolino
This paper investigates diagnostic techniques for electrical machines with special reference to induction machines and to papers published in the last ten years. A comprehensive list of references is reported and examined, and research activities classified into four main topics: 1) electrical faults; 2) mechanical faults; 3) signal processing for analysis and monitoring; and 4) artificial intelligence and decision-making techniques.
Machining Damage in Edge Trimming of CFRP
Jamal Sheikh-Ahmad; Nebu Urban; Hossein Cheraghi
Conventional machining processes such as turning, milling, drilling, abrasive cutting, and grinding are commonly used to bring composite parts to final shape and assembly requirements. However, due to the layered nature of these materials, their machining may generate undesirable defects such as delamination and high surface roughness. The service life of composite components is believed to be highly dependent on
The tabletting machine as an analytical instrument: consequences of uncertainties in punch force and punch separation data on some parameters describing the course of the tabletting process
Petra M. Belda; Jobst B. Mielck
The influence of the uncertainties involved in the measurement of punch forces and punch separation in an eccentric tabletting machine on the validity of the analytical results was evaluated using six direct compression excipients. The analytical parameters considered were the maximum upper punch pressure, the minimum punch separation, the maximum relative density, the contact time, the area quotient according to
Men and Machines: A Study of the Applications of Mechanisation to Library Processes and of the Effects on Staff and Library Users.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Pickup, Peter W. H., Ed.
The four papers presented at this weekend school are: (1) "The Effect of the Computer on Libraries" by J. D. Dews; (2) "Machines in a Rural Library Service" by O. S. Newman; (3) "The Education of Libraries in an Age of Mechanization" by D. E. Davidson and (4) "People, Programmes and Problems" by B. J. Perry. (MF)
MIA -Master on Artificial Intelligence Advanced Natural Language Processing
Ageno, Alicia
Advanced Natural Language Processing Machine Learning Review MIA - Master on Artificial Intelligence Advanced Natural Language Processing #12;Advanced Natural Language Processing Machine Learning . . . #12;Advanced Natural Language Processing Machine Learning Review Introduction Other relevant
Simple pulse asynchronous state machines
Jeffrey Miller; Woodward Yang
Pulse computation is a hybrid of conventional analog and digital techniques which encodes and processes information in the time domain. In this paper we present a new technique for pulse computation with simple pulse-driven, asynchronous finite state machines. Asynchronous FSMs are robust and timescale-independent, and can be used as building blocks for constructing complex pulse processors. The notion of state
Interaction with Machine Improvisation
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Assayag, Gerard; Bloch, George; Cont, Arshia; Dubnov, Shlomo
We describe two multi-agent architectures for an improvisation oriented musician-machine interaction systems that learn in real time from human performers. The improvisation kernel is based on sequence modeling and statistical learning. We present two frameworks of interaction with this kernel. In the first, the stylistic interaction is guided by a human operator in front of an interactive computer environment. In the second framework, the stylistic interaction is delegated to machine intelligence and therefore, knowledge propagation and decision are taken care of by the computer alone. The first framework involves a hybrid architecture using two popular composition/performance environments, Max and OpenMusic, that are put to work and communicate together, each one handling the process at a different time/memory scale. The second framework shares the same representational schemes with the first but uses an Active Learning architecture based on collaborative, competitive and memory-based learning to handle stylistic interactions. Both systems are capable of processing real-time audio/video as well as MIDI. After discussing the general cognitive background of improvisation practices, the statistical modelling tools and the concurrent agent architecture are presented. Then, an Active Learning scheme is described and considered in terms of using different improvisation regimes for improvisation planning. Finally, we provide more details about the different system implementations and describe several performances with the system.
Hybrid Quantum Cloning Machine
Satyabrata Adhikari; A. K. Pati; Indranil Chakrabarty; B. S. Choudhury
In this work, we introduce a special kind of quantum cloning machine called Hybrid quantum cloning machine. The introduced Hybrid quantum cloning machine or transformation is nothing but a combination of pre-existing quantum cloning transformations. In this sense it creates its own identity in the field of quantum cloners. Hybrid quantum cloning machine can be of two types: (i) State dependent and (ii) State independent or Universal. We study here the above two types of Hybrid quantum cloning machines. Later we will show that the state dependent hybrid quantum-cloning machine can be applied on only four input states. We will also find in this paper another asymmetric universal quantum cloning machine constructed from the combination of optimal universal B-H quantum cloning machine and universal anti-cloning machine. The fidelities of the two outputs are different and their values lie in the neighborhood of ${5/6} $
Machine Learning in Natural Language Georgios P. Petasis
Kouroupetroglou, Georgios
Machine Learning in Natural Language Processing Georgios P. Petasis Software and email@example.com Abstract. This thesis examines the use of machine learning techniques in various tasks of natural language-entity recog- nition, and b) the creation of a new machine learning algorithm and its assessment on synthetic
Gestalt: Integrated Support for Implementation and Analysis in Machine Learning
Anderson, Richard
Gestalt: Integrated Support for Implementation and Analysis in Machine Learning Kayur Patel present Gestalt, a development environment designed to support the process of applying machine learning this significantly improves the ability of developers to find and fix bugs in machine learning systems. Our
A parametric programming technique for efficient CNC machining operations
Manocher Djassemi
In this paper the application of parametric programming to CNC machining is discussed. As one of the less frequently utilized features of CNC machines, parametric programming has the potential to increase the efficiency of CNC operations. This feature is particularly beneficial to companies with group technology manufacturing where parts with similar design or operational requirements are processed within a machine
The Discipline of Machine Learning Tom M. Mitchell
, to a broad discipline that has produced fundamental statistical-computational theories of learning processesThe Discipline of Machine Learning Tom M. Mitchell July 2006 CMU-ML-06-108 #12;#12;The Discipline of Machine Learning Tom M. Mitchell July 2006 CMU-ML-06-108 Machine Learning Department School of Computer
A Correct Abstract Machine for the Stochastic Pi-calculus
Andrew Phillips; Luca Cardelli
In this paper, an abstract machine is presented for a variant of the stochastic pi-calculus, in order to correctly model the stochastic simulation of biological processes. The machine is first proved sound and complete with respect to the calculus, and then used as the basis for implementing a stochastic simulator. The correctness of the stochastic machine helps ensure that the
Minimizing Busy Time in Multiple Machine Real-time Scheduling
Shachnai, Hadas
Minimizing Busy Time in Multiple Machine Real-time Scheduling Rohit Khandekar1 , Baruch Schieber1 with a release time, a due date, a processing time and demand for machine capacity. The goal is to schedule all of the jobs non-preemptively in their release-time-deadline windows, subject to machine capacity constraints
Simple Machines in the Community
NSDL National Science Digital Library
Aris Laroder
The community can be a powerful context and mini-laboratory for cultivating students' common understandings of science and mathematics. On the island of Panay in the Philippines, the community was the starting place for a group of fifth- and sixth-grade students to explore simple machines in their daily lives. What students learned in the process became the basis for developing the set of culturally relevant lessons on simple machines described in this article. Each of the examples that follow features a simple machine found in the community, an explanation of how it works, a guiding-inquiry question, and a follow-up activity designed to foster students' exploration of this question.
Machine learning methods in chemoinformatics
Mitchell, John B O
Machine learning algorithms are generally developed in computer science or adjacent disciplines and find their way into chemical modeling by a process of diffusion. Though particular machine learning methods are popular in chemoinformatics and quantitative structure�activity relationships (QSAR), many others exist in the technical literature. This discussion is methods-based and focused on some algorithms that chemoinformatics researchers frequently use. It makes no claim to be exhaustive. We concentrate on methods for supervised learning, predicting the unknown property values of a test set of instances, usually molecules, based on the known values for a training set. Particularly relevant approaches include Artificial Neural Networks, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, k-Nearest Neighbors and na�ve Bayes classifiers. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2014, 4:468�481. How to cite this article: WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2014, 4:468�481. doi:10.1002/wcms.1183 PMID:25285160
Environmental impact estimation of mold making process
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kong, Daeyoung
Increasing concern of environmental sustainability regarding depletion of natural resources and resulting negative environmental impact has triggered various movements to address these issues. Various regulations about product life cycle have been made and applied to industries. As a result, how to evaluate the environmental impact and how to improve current technologies has become an important issue to product developers. Molds and dies are very generally used manufacturing tools and indispensible parts to the production of many products. However, evaluating environmental impact in mold and die manufacturing is not well understood and not much accepted yet. The objective of this thesis is to provide an effective and straightforward way of environmental analysis for mold and die manufacturing practice. For this, current limitations of existing tools were identified. While conventional life cycle assessment tools provide a lot of life cycle inventories, reliable data is not sufficient for the mold and die manufacturer. Even with comprehensive data input, current LCA tools only provide another comprehensive result which is not directly applicable to problem solving. These issues are critical especially to the mold and die manufacturer with limited resource and time. This thesis addresses the issues based on understanding the needs of mold and die manufacturers. Computer aided manufacturing (CAM) is the most frequently used software tool and includes most manufacturing information including the process definition and sometimes geometric modeling. Another important usage of CAM software tools is problem identification by process simulation. Under the virtual environment, possible problems are detected and solved. Environmental impact can be handled in the same manner. To manufacture molds and dies with minimizing the associated environmental impact, possible environmental impact sources must be minimized before the execution in the virtual environment. Molds and dies are manufacturing intensive products and most of their environmental impact is generated by the energy consumption during the machining processes. Milling and EDM operations were selected as the most influential mold and die manufacturing processes. Process variability was found to be the key issue which must be addressed for reliable analysis. Acceleration and deceleration in the milling process and the dielectric contamination and resultant decrease of MRR in the EDM process were identified as main factors for the variability. Energy consumption of these two processes were analyzed and modeled including the variability. Experiments were carried out to validate and improve this model. Finally, this model is implemented as simulation software tools on the basis of CAM software (Esprit CAM(TM)). The CAM-based tool developed in this study can be more easily used in the mold and die manufacturing practice. Considering the variety of mold and die and their application, this tool would be just a small step to a long way to the environmentally benign mold and die manufacturing. However, with further research, the tool developed in this thesis will result in effective way to address environmentally benign mold and die manufacturing.
Waterless Clothes-Cleaning Machine
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Johnson, Glenn; Ganske, Shane
A waterless clothes-cleaning machine has been developed that removes loose particulates and deodorizes dirty laundry with regenerative chemical processes to make the clothes more comfortable to wear and have a fresher smell. This system was initially developed for use in zero-g, but could be altered for 1-g environments where water or other re sources are scarce. Some of these processes include, but are not limited to, airflow, filtration, ozone generation, heat, ultraviolet light, and photocatalytic titanium oxide.
Laser interaction with materials when using laser-assisted machining
W Ben Salem; P. Cohen-Bastie; F. Ahdad; Fx de Contencin; A. Moisan; J. P. Longuemard
By focusing on the chip being formed, cutting forces may be minimised. A thermo-mechanical approach simulates laser interaction with materials, moving towards optimum machining conditions. Laser-assisted machining (LAM) considerably improves the machinability of metals which are difficult to machine. The reduction of specific cutting pressure is a good illustration of this.Such a process imposes the selection of a laser source
Improving Energy Efficiency in CNC Machining
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Pavanaskar, Sushrut S.
We present our work on analyzing and improving the energy efficiency of multi-axis CNC milling process. Due to the differences in energy consumption behavior, we treat 3- and 5-axis CNC machines separately in our work. For 3-axis CNC machines, we first propose an energy model that estimates the energy requirement for machining a component on a specified 3-axis CNC milling machine. Our model makes machine-specific predictions of energy requirements while also considering the geometric aspects of the machining toolpath. Our model - and the associated software tool - facilitate direct comparison of various alternative toolpath strategies based on their energy-consumption performance. Further, we identify key factors in toolpath planning that affect energy consumption in CNC machining. We then use this knowledge to propose and demonstrate a novel toolpath planning strategy that may be used to generate new toolpaths that are inherently energy-efficient, inspired by research on digital micrography -- a form of computational art. For 5-axis CNC machines, the process planning problem consists of several sub-problems that researchers have traditionally solved separately to obtain an approximate solution. After illustrating the need to solve all sub-problems simultaneously for a truly optimal solution, we propose a unified formulation based on configuration space theory. We apply our formulation to solve a problem variant that retains key characteristics of the full problem but has lower dimensionality, allowing visualization in 2D. Given the complexity of the full 5-axis toolpath planning problem, our unified formulation represents an important step towards obtaining a truly optimal solution. With this work on the two types of CNC machines, we demonstrate that without changing the current infrastructure or business practices, machine-specific, geometry-based, customized toolpath planning can save energy in CNC machining.
Bawden, Alan
This informal paper introduces the LISP Machine, describes the goals and current status of the project, and explicates some of the key ideas. It covers the LISP machine implementation, LISP as a system language, ...
Joel David Hamkins
Infinite time Turing machines extend the operation of ordinary Turing machines into transfinite ordinal time. By doing so, they provide a natural model of infinitary computability, a theoretical setting for the analysis of the power and limitations of supertask algorithms.
Krstulic, J.F.
The fundamental goal of this project was to develop additional capabilities to the diamond measuring prototype, work out technical difficulties associated with the original device, and perform automated measurements which are accurate and repeatable. For this project, FM and T was responsible for the overall system design, edge extraction, and defect extraction and identification. AccuGem provided a lab and computer equipment in Lawrence, 3D modeling, industry expertise, and sets of diamonds for testing. The system executive software which controls stone positioning, lighting, focusing, report generation, and data acquisition was written in Microsoft Visual Basic 6, while data analysis and modeling were compiled in C/C++ DLLs. All scanning parameters and extracted data are stored in a central database and available for automated analysis and reporting. The Phase 1 study showed that data can be extracted and measured from diamond scans, but most of the information had to be manually extracted. In this Phase 2 project, all data required for geometric modeling and defect identification were automatically extracted and passed to a 3D modeling module for analysis. Algorithms were developed which automatically adjusted both light levels and stone focus positioning for each diamond-under-test. After a diamond is analyzed and measurements are completed, a report is printed for the customer which shows carat weight, summarizes stone geometry information, lists defects and their size, displays a picture of the diamond, and shows a plot of defects on a top view drawing of the stone. Initial emphasis of defect extraction was on identification of feathers, pinpoints, and crystals. Defects were plotted color-coded by industry standards for inclusions (red), blemishes (green), and unknown defects (blue). Diamonds with a wide variety of cut quality, size, and number of defects were tested in the machine. Edge extraction, defect extraction, and modeling code were tested for multiple runs of each stone. Although there were problems with a few stones, the machine automatically completed measurements on a majority of the stones tested. A demo was performed in Lawrence for AccuGem stockholders and potential investors. The demo successfully demonstrated our technology on a random stone brought by an attendee. In conclusion, the project was successful in development of the basic technology required for a diamond measuring machine. Continued improvements in lighting control, edge and defect extraction, and an increased image depth-of-field will increase the reliability and consistency of measurements. Although additional work is needed to make the machine a commercial product, there are no foreseeable technical roadblocks in that process.
What is Machine Learning? About the Course Example Machine Learning
Kjellstr�m, Hedvig
What is Machine Learning? About the Course Example Machine Learning DD2431 �Orjan Ekeberg Oct�Dec, 2007 #12;What is Machine Learning? About the Course Example 1 What is Machine Learning? Definition A Hypothetical Project #12;What is Machine Learning? About the Course Example 1 What is Machine Learning
What is Machine Learning? About the Course Example Machine Learning
Kjellstr�m, Hedvig
What is Machine Learning? About the Course Example Machine Learning DD2431 �Orjan Ekeberg Oct�Dec, 2008 What is Machine Learning? About the Course Example 1 What is Machine Learning? Definition A Hypothetical Project What is Machine Learning? About the Course Example 1 What is Machine Learning? Definition
What is Machine Learning? About the Course Example Machine Learning
Kjellstr�m, Hedvig
What is Machine Learning? About the Course Example Machine Learning DD2431 �Orjan Ekeberg Oct�Dec, 2008 #12;What is Machine Learning? About the Course Example 1 What is Machine Learning? Definition A Hypothetical Project #12;What is Machine Learning? About the Course Example 1 What is Machine Learning
What is Machine Learning? About the Course Example Machine Learning
Kjellstr�m, Hedvig
What is Machine Learning? About the Course Example Machine Learning DD2431 �Orjan Ekeberg Oct�Dec, 2007 What is Machine Learning? About the Course Example 1 What is Machine Learning? Definition A Hypothetical Project What is Machine Learning? About the Course Example 1 What is Machine Learning? Definition
Primary Masters in Machine Learning
Primary Masters in Machine Learning Student Handbook #12;#12;Page 1 Masters in Machine Learning:.......................................................................................8 Machine Learning Journal Club ..................................................................12 #12;Page 3 Introduction The field of machine learning is concerned with the question of how
Stochastic Optimization for Machine Learning
Powell, Warren B.
Stochastic Optimization for Machine Learning ICML 2010, Haifa, Israel Tutorial by Nati Srebro Descent: formulation, analysis and use in machine learning � Learn about extensions and generalizations, and their Machine Learning counterparts Main Goal: Machine Learning is Stochastic Optimization #12;Outline
Leah Epstein; Rob Van Stee
We consider the machine covering problem for selfish related machines. For a constant number of machines, m, we show a monotone polynomial time approximation scheme (PTAS) with running time that is linear in the number of jobs. It uses a new technique for reducing the number of jobs while remaining close to the optimal solution. We also present an FPTAS
Automated Slide Staining Machine
Drew, W. Lawrence; Pedersen, Anders N.; Roy, Jacques J.
A machine is described which can perform the Gram stain. Comparison of slides stained by machine versus hand revealed no difference in reproducibility or accuracy. In addition to providing clean, dry, uniformly stained slides, the machine saves 24 sec per slide when compared with a hand staining technique. Images PMID:4110426
NSDL National Science Digital Library
This is a web activity about simple machines. Learners will explore a lawn mower and identify six different simple machines which work together to help make our lives easier. This is an excellent activity for exploring how simple machines, and science in general, apply to learners' everyday lives.
Effect of electric discharge machining on the fatigue life of Inconel 718
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Jeelani, S.; Collins, M. R.
The effect of electric discharge machining on the fatigue life of Inconel 718 alloy at room temperature was investigated. Data were generated in the uniaxial tension fatigue mode at ambient temperature using flat 3.175 mm thick specimens. The specimens were machined on a wire-cut electric discharge machine at cutting speeds ranging from 0.5 to 2 mm per minute. The specimens were fatigued at a selected stress, and the resulting fatigue lives compared with that of the virgin material. The surfaces of the fatigued specimens were examined under optical and scanning electron microscopes, and the roughness of the surfaces was measured using a standard profilometer. From the results of the investigation, it was concluded that the fatigue life of the specimens machined using EDM decreased slightly as compared with that of the virgin material, but remained unchanged as the cutting speed was changed. The results are explained using data produced employing microhardness measurements, profilometry, and optical and scanning microscopy.
Meso-scale machining capabilities and issues
Meso-scale manufacturing processes are bridging the gap between silicon-based MEMS processes and conventional miniature machining. These processes can fabricate two and three-dimensional parts having micron size features in traditional materials such as stainless steels, rare earth magnets, ceramics, and glass. Meso-scale processes that are currently available include, focused ion beam sputtering, micro-milling, micro-turning, excimer laser ablation, femto-second laser ablation, and micro electro discharge machining. These meso-scale processes employ subtractive machining technologies (i.e., material removal), unlike LIGA, which is an additive meso-scale process. Meso-scale processes have different material capabilities and machining performance specifications. Machining performance specifications of interest include minimum feature size, feature tolerance, feature location accuracy, surface finish, and material removal rate. Sandia National Laboratories is developing meso-scale electro-mechanical components, which require meso-scale parts that move relative to one another. The meso-scale parts fabricated by subtractive meso-scale manufacturing processes have unique tribology issues because of the variety of materials and the surface conditions produced by the different meso-scale manufacturing processes.
Unified Universal Quantum Cloning Machine and Fidelities
Yi-Nan Wang; Han-Duo Shi; Zhao-Xi Xiong; Li Jing; Xi-Jun Ren; Liang-Zhu Mu; Heng Fan
We present a unified universal quantum cloning machine, which combines several different existing universal cloning machines together including the asymmetric case. In this unified framework, the identical pure states are projected equally into each copy initially constituted by input and one half of the maximally entangled states. We show explicitly that the output states of those universal cloning machines are the same. One importance of this unified cloning machine is that the cloning procession is always the symmetric projection which reduces dramatically the difficulties for implementation. Also it is found that this unified cloning machine can be directly modified to the general asymmetric case. Besides the global fidelity and the single-copy fidelity, we also present all possible arbitrary-copy fidelities.
Unified universal quantum cloning machine and fidelities
Wang Yinan; Shi Handuo; Xiong Zhaoxi; Jing Li; Mu Liangzhu [School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (China); Ren Xijun [School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 4750011 (China); Fan Heng [Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China)
We present a unified universal quantum cloning machine, which combines several different existing universal cloning machines together, including the asymmetric case. In this unified framework, the identical pure states are projected equally into each copy initially constituted by input and one half of the maximally entangled states. We show explicitly that the output states of those universal cloning machines are the same. One importance of this unified cloning machine is that the cloning procession is always the symmetric projection, which reduces dramatically the difficulties for implementation. Also, it is found that this unified cloning machine can be directly modified to the general asymmetric case. Besides the global fidelity and the single-copy fidelity, we also present all possible arbitrary-copy fidelities.
OptiCentric lathe centering machine
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Bu�, C.; Heinisch, J.
High precision optics depend on precisely aligned lenses. The shift and tilt of individual lenses as well as the air gap between elements require accuracies in the single micron regime. These accuracies are hard to meet with traditional assembly methods. Instead, lathe centering can be used to machine the mount with respect to the optical axis. Using a diamond turning process, all relevant errors of single mounted lenses can be corrected in one post-machining step. Building on the OptiCentric� and OptiSurf� measurement systems, Trioptics has developed their first lathe centering machines. The machine and specific design elements of the setup will be shown. For example, the machine can be used to turn optics for i-line steppers with highest precision.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Lun, Wang
This paper presents a multi-microprocessor LISP machine whose goal is to exploit the inherent parallelism in the LISP programs fully. The base architecture is a MIMD architecture based on a hybrid model for combinating data driven, demand driven and VoN Neumann process schemes. The basic evaluation strategy is data driven. Lazy evaluation mechanism is introduced to avoid unnecessary and unsafe computations. An experimental system with the four processor elements has been built in HIT, China. The system consists of a Z80 microcomputer and three TP8O1s interconnected through three buses. Each processor evaluates a part of programs asynchronously. The shared memory is divided into two parts: list cell area and enviroment area, each of which has the indepen-dent common bus to avoid the bus bottleneck.
Machinability of a Stainless Steel by Electrochemical Discharge Microdrilling
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Cotea??, Margareta; Schulze, Hans-Peter; Pop, Nicolae; Be?liu, Irina; Sl?tineanu, Lauren?iu
Due to the chemical elements included in their structure for ensuring an increased resistance to the environment action, the stainless steels are characterized by a low machinability when classical machining methods are applied. For this reason, sometimes non-traditional machining methods are applied, one of these being the electrochemical discharge machining. To obtain microholes and to evaluate the machinability by electrochemical discharge microdrilling, test pieces of stainless steel were used for experimental research. The electrolyte was an aqueous solution of sodium silicate with different densities. A complete factorial plan was designed to highlight the influence of some input variables on the sizes of the considered machinability indexes (electrode tool wear, material removal rate, depth of the machined hole). By mathematically processing of experimental data, empirical functions were established both for stainless steel and carbon steel. Graphical representations were used to obtain more suggestive vision concerning the influence exerted by the considered input variables on the size of the machinability indexes.
Characterizing forest canopy structure with lidar composite metrics and machine learning
Characterizing forest canopy structure with lidar composite metrics and machine learning Kaiguang Laser scanner Canopy Biomass Carbon Machine learning Gaussian process Support vector machine Forest fuel scanners through the combined use of lidar composite metrics and machine learning models. Our so
Study and implementation on key techniques for an example based machine translation system
Ying Li
We analyze several key parts of machine translation, study the framework of machine translation systems and dig out the factors that should be considered during machine translation modeling. We dissect the sentence segmentation, sentence alignment, translation knowledge acquisition, translation fragment selection and the role of translation generation in the machine translation process in detail. After comparing some common sentence alignment
A PTAS for Minimizing Weighted Completion Time on Uniformly Related Machines
Pennsylvania, University of
A PTAS for Minimizing Weighted Completion Time on Uniformly Related Machines (Extended Abstract of scheduling jobs with release dates to minimize their average weighted completion time. When multiple machines are available, the machine environment may range from identical machines (the processing time required by a job
Tree and local search for parallel machine scheduling problems with precedence constraints and setup times
Paris-Sud XI, Universit� de
,artigues,firstname.lastname@example.com Keywords: Parallel machine scheduling, setup times, precedence constraints, limited discrepancy search times, considered when dierents jobs are sequenced on the same machine, must be respected machine. The machine can process no more than one job at a time. The decision variables of the problem
The Higgs Machine Learning Challenge
Cowan, Glen; The ATLAS collaboration
The Higgs Machine Learning Challenge was an open data analysis competition that took place between May and September 2014. Samples of simulated data from the ATLAS Experiment at the LHC corresponding to signal events with Higgs bosons decaying to $\\tau^+\\tau^-$ together with background events were made available to the public through the website of the data science organization Kaggle (\\verb=kaggle.com=). Participants attempted to identify the search region in a space of 30 kinematic variables that would maximize the expected discovery significance of the signal process. One of the primary goals of the Challenge was promote communication of new ideas between the Machine Learning (ML) and HEP communities. In this regard it was a resounding success, with almost 2,000 participants from HEP, ML and other areas. The process of understanding and integrating the new ideas, particularly from ML into HEP, is currently underway.
An Investigation in the Dynamics of Polarized Helium-3 in Superfluid Helium-4 for the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) neutron-electric-dipole-moment (nEDM) experiment
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Swank, Christopher Mark
To conserve CPT, charge conjugation-parity-time reversal symmetry, the last discrete symmetry believed to be conserved, there must exist T violation. A measurement of the neutron-electric-dipole-moment (nEDM) would be a direct observation of T violation. The measurement of a nEDM requires the detection of a small shift in the Larmor precession frequency due to an applied electric field. The most recent experiment trying to measure the nEDM has been restricted by a systematic effect termed the geometric phase, a frequency shift linear in the electric field of the experiment. A new nEDM experiment is being planned for the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. It will use spin-polarized 3He as a comagnetometer and detector, and is susceptible to the geometric phase. To investigate, quantify and find ways to reduce this systematic effect is the main goal of this work. The dynamics of polarized 3He in phonon dominated superfluid 4He is investigated. A theory that predicts relaxations and frequency shifts, and hence the geometric phase frequency shift, via correlation functions valid from the ballistic through to the diffuse regime for restricted geometries is presented. For the first time, the lower dimensional correlation functions are shown to be projections of the higher dimensional correlation functions with the proper velocity weighting. The correlation function was measured by gradient induced longitudinal relaxation. The presented theory is shown to adequately predict the data. A previous theory, termed the high frequency theory due to its accurate description of relaxation with spins precessing at approximately the same rate as gas collisions, is also valid in this region. The presented theory is shown to agree with the high frequency theory. The two theories diverge with slightly more ballistic motion than the experiment was able to produce. Diffusion theory is shown to be inadequate to describe the data for the longer scattering times measured. All theories agree for the shorter scattering times. Furthermore, the expected operating range in the nEDM apparatus of the parameter lambda/L ? 0:029 for 3He was measured and shown to agree with both valid theories in that region. The heat flush method of 3He is proposed as a transport method for the nEDM apparatus. It is modeled by a combination of the Navier-Stokes and convection-diffusion equations. Solved with the use of the finite element method (FEM), the parameters are optimized to minimize the amount of heat flux and time required for flush, while maximizing the polarization in the measurement cells. The method is shown to meet the strict requirement for maintaining 99% polarization of 3He in the measurement cells at the start of a measurement. Optimized parameters for removing the unpolarized 3He are presented for an acceptable amount of heat flux and time.
Machine vision for real time orbital operations
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Vinz, Frank L.
Machine vision for automation and robotic operation of Space Station era systems has the potential for increasing the efficiency of orbital servicing, repair, assembly and docking tasks. A machine vision research project is described in which a TV camera is used for inputing visual data to a computer so that image processing may be achieved for real time control of these orbital operations. A technique has resulted from this research which reduces computer memory requirements and greatly increases typical computational speed such that it has the potential for development into a real time orbital machine vision system. This technique is called AI BOSS (Analysis of Images by Box Scan and Syntax).
Machine Learning for Biomedical Literature Triage
Almeida, Hayda; Meurs, Marie-Jean; Kosseim, Leila; Butler, Greg; Tsang, Adrian
This paper presents a machine learning system for supporting the first task of the biological literature manual curation process, called triage. We compare the performance of various classification models, by experimenting with dataset sampling factors and a set of features, as well as three different machine learning algorithms (Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machine and Logistic Model Trees). The results show that the most fitting model to handle the imbalanced datasets of the triage classification task is obtained by using domain relevant features, an under-sampling technique, and the Logistic Model Trees algorithm. PMID:25551575
Machinability of a nickel aluminide intermetallic alloy
Chatterjee, S. (Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville (United States))
This article reports the results of an experimental study on the machinability of a nickel aluminide intermetallic alloy. Machining was conducted at various speeds, and results indicate low material removal rates. Chips collected for each test run were measured for thickness for shear angle calculation and were subsequently observed microscopically. Chip segmentation was observed microscopically, and a fluctuation in the shear angle was evidenced. A parameter characterizing the severity of the machining process, the chip reduction coefficient (K), was calculated from chip thickness measurements. The calculated values of K were found to be low, indicating a low severity of the metalcutting process. This, however, is in contract with the observed low rates of metal removal and low tool life. Thus, conventional metalcutting characterization parameters require re-examining in terms of machining high-strength materials.
Impact of Wire-EDM on Tribological Characteristics of ZrO 2 -based Composites in Dry Sliding Contact with WC�Co-Cemented Carbide
K. Bonny; Y. Perez Delgado; P. De Baets; J. Sukumaran; J. Vleugels; O. Malek; B. Lauwers
The effect of surface conditions and secondary phase addition on the dry sliding friction and wear characteristics of five\\u000a yttria-stabilized ZrO2-based composites with 40�vol% WC, TiCN or TiN was investigated using an ASTM G133 pin-on-flat sliding contact configuration.\\u000a WC�6wt%Co-cemented carbide pins were used as mating material. The friction and wear level were higher for wire-EDMed ZrO2-based composites compared to their
Hanlon, John A. (Los Alamos, NM); Gill, Timothy J. (Stanley, NM)
Machine tools can be accurately measured and positioned on manufacturing machines within very small tolerances by use of an autocollimator on a 3-axis mount on a manufacturing machine and positioned so as to focus on a reference tooling ball or a machine tool, a digital camera connected to the viewing end of the autocollimator, and a marker and measure generator for receiving digital images from the camera, then displaying or measuring distances between the projection reticle and the reference reticle on the monitoring screen, and relating the distances to the actual position of the autocollimator relative to the reference tooling ball. The images and measurements are used to set the position of the machine tool and to measure the size and shape of the machine tool tip, and examine cutting edge wear. patent
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Burke, Gary R.; Taft, Stephanie
State machines are commonly used to control sequential logic in FPGAs and ASKS. An errant state machine can cause considerable damage to the device it is controlling. For example in space applications, the FPGA might be controlling Pyros, which when fired at the wrong time will cause a mission failure. Even a well designed state machine can be subject to random errors us a result of SEUs from the radiation environment in space. There are various ways to encode the states of a state machine, and the type of encoding makes a large difference in the susceptibility of the state machine to radiation. In this paper we compare 4 methods of state machine encoding and find which method gives the best fault tolerance, as well as determining the resources needed for each method.
Machine Learning: Finding Patterns in the World
NSDL National Science Digital Library
Dredze, Mark
This overview of machine learning, by Mark Dredze of the Center for Language and Speech Processing at Johns Hopkins University, addresses the topic by asking and responding to fundamental questions such as "What does it mean to learn?" and "How to represent the world for the computer?" Also addressed here are components of machine learning such as decision trees, artificial neural networks, the perceptron algorithm, and Gaussian�?� mixture�?�models.
The New Jersey Machine-Code Toolkit
Norman Ramsey; Mary F. Fern�Yesndez
The New Jersey Machine-Code Toolkit helps programmerswrite applications that process machine code.Applications that use the toolkit are written at anassembly-language level of abstraction, but they recognizeand emit binary. Guided by a short instructionsetspecification, the toolkit generates all the bitmanipulatingcode.The toolkit's specification language uses four concepts: fields and tokens describe parts of instructions,patterns describe binary encodings of instructions orgroups...
Jeongho Bang; James Lim; M. S. Kim; Jinhyoung Lee
We propose a novel notion of a quantum learning machine for automatically controlling quantum coherence and for developing quantum algorithms. A quantum learning machine can be trained to learn a certain task with no a priori knowledge on its algorithm. As an example, it is demonstrated that the quantum learning machine learns Deutsch's task and finds itself a quantum algorithm, that is different from but equivalent to the original one.
Sanford Jay Rotter; James Lee Ravenscroft; Raul Gonzalez
A bike-powered machine offers physical kinesthetic learning and play. This is equivalent to past generation's playing with Erector Sets to building Heathkits [1], [2]. The excitement of riding a bike machine offers a different path to learning that turns a short-term memory into a long-term memory. Bike machines provide energy education to the public in order for them to understand
Piotr J?drzejowicz
\\u000a The paper reviews current research results integrating machine learning and agent technologies. Although complementary solutions\\u000a from both fields are discussed the focus is on using agent technology in the field of machine learning with a particular interest\\u000a on applying agent-based solutions to supervised learning. The paper contains a short review of applications, in which machine\\u000a learning methods have been used
Perspex machine II: visualization
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Anderson, James A. D. W.
We review the perspex machine and improve it by reducing its halting conditions to one condition. We also introduce a data structure, called the "access column," that can accelerate a wide class of perspex programs. We show how the perspex can be visualised as a tetrahedron, artificial neuron, computer program, and as a geometrical transformation. We discuss the temporal properties of the perspex machine, dissolve the famous time travel paradox, and present a hypothetical time machine. Finally, we discuss some mental properties and show how the perspex machine solves the mind-body problem and, specifically, how it provides one physical explanation for the occurrence of paradigm shifts.
Perspex machine II: visualization
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Anderson, James A. D. W.
We review the perspex machine and improve it by reducing its halting conditions to one condition. We also introduce a data structure, called the "access column," that can accelerate a wide class of perspex programs. We show how the perspex can be visualised as a tetrahedron, artificial neuron, computer program, and as a geometrical transformation. We discuss the temporal properties of the perspex machine, dissolve the famous time travel paradox, and present a hypothetical time machine. Finally, we discuss some mental properties and show how the perspex machine solves the mind-body problem and, specifically, how it provides one physical explanation for the occurrence of paradigm shifts.
Suzuki, Hideyuki; Imura, Jun-ichi; Horio, Yoshihiko; Aihara, Kazuyuki
The chaotic Boltzmann machine proposed in this paper is a chaotic pseudo-billiard system that works as a Boltzmann machine. Chaotic Boltzmann machines are shown numerically to have computing abilities comparable to conventional (stochastic) Boltzmann machines. Since no randomness is required, efficient hardware implementation is expected. Moreover, the ferromagnetic phase transition of the Ising model is shown to be characterised by the largest Lyapunov exponent of the proposed system. In general, a method to relate probabilistic models to nonlinear dynamics by derandomising Gibbs sampling is presented. PMID:23558425
Parallel Kinematic Machines (PKM)
Henry, R.S.
The purpose of this 3-year cooperative research project was to develop a parallel kinematic machining (PKM) capability for complex parts that normally require expensive multiple setups on conventional orthogonal machine tools. This non-conventional, non-orthogonal machining approach is based on a 6-axis positioning system commonly referred to as a hexapod. Sandia National Laboratories/New Mexico (SNL/NM) was the lead site responsible for a multitude of projects that defined the machining parameters and detailed the metrology of the hexapod. The role of the Kansas City Plant (KCP) in this project was limited to evaluating the application of this unique technology to production applications.
Study on machining mechanism of nanotwinned CBN cutting tool
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Chen, Junyun; Jin, Tianye; Wang, Jinhu; Zhao, Qingliang; Lu, Ling
The latest developed nanotwinned cubic boron nitride (nt-CBN) with isotropic nano-sized microstructure possesses an extremely high hardness (~100GPa Hv), very large fracture toughness (>12Mpa m1/2) and excellent high temperature stability. Thus nt-CBN is a promising tool material to realize ultra-precision cutting of hardened steel which is widely used in mold insert of optical and opto-electrical mass products. In view of its hard machinability, the machining mechanism is studied in this paper. Three feasible methods of mechanical lapping, laser machining as well as ion beam sputtering are applied to process nt-CBN. The results indicate that among the three kinds of methods, mechanical lapping not only can achieve the highest machining accuracy because of material removing at ductile mode completely, but also has satisfactory high material removal rate. Thus mechanical lapping method is appropriate to finish machining of nt-CBN cutting tool. Moreover, laser machining method can be only used in contour machining or rough machining of cutting tool as worse machined surface quality. With regard to ion beam sputtering method, the material remove rate is too low in spite of high machining accuracy. Additionally, no phase transition was found in any machining process of nt-CBN.
Hybrid machining of Inconel 718
Z. Y Wang; K. P Rajurkar; J Fan; S Lei; Y. C Shin; G Petrescu
A new approach for machining of Inconel 718 is presented in this paper. It combines traditional turning with cryogenically enhanced machining and plasma enhanced machining. Cryogenically enhanced machining is used to reduce the temperatures in the cutting tool, and thus reduces temperature-dependent tool wear to prolong tool life, whereas plasma enhanced machining is used to increase the temperatures in the
The Effect of Active Phase of the Work Material on Machining Performance of a NiTi Shape Memory Alloy
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kaynak, Yusuf; Karaca, Haluk E.; Noebe, Ronald D.; Jawahir, I. S.
Poor machinability with conventional machining processes is a major shortcoming that limits the manufacture of NiTi components. To better understand the effects of phase state on the machining performance of NiTi alloys, cutting temperature, tool-wear behavior, cutting force components, tool-chip contact length, chip thickness, and machined surface quality data were generated from a NiTi alloy using precooled cryogenic, dry, minimum quantity lubrication (MQL), and preheated machining conditions. Findings reveal that machining NiTi in the martensite phase, which was achieved through precooled cryogenic machining, profoundly improved the machining performance by reducing cutting force components, notch wear, and surface roughness. Machining in the austenite state, achieved through preheating, did not provide any benefit over dry and MQL machining, and these processes were, in general, inferior to cryogenic machining in terms of machining performance, particularly at higher cutting speeds.
Automatic Composition of Electroacoustic Art Music Utilizing Machine Listening
Nick Collins
This article presents Autocousmatic, an algorithmic system that creates electroacoustic art music using machine-listening processes within the design cycle. After surveying previous projects in automated mixing and algorithmic composition, the design and implementation of the current system is outlined. An iterative, automatic effects processing system is coupled to machine-listening components, including the assessment of the \\
14. Interior, Machine Shop, Roundhouse Machine Shop Extension, Southern Pacific ...
Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey
14. Interior, Machine Shop, Roundhouse Machine Shop Extension, Southern Pacific Railroad Carlin Shops, view to north (90mm lens). - Southern Pacific Railroad, Carlin Shops, Roundhouse Machine Shop Extension, Foot of Sixth Street, Carlin, Elko County, NV
Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey
BRITISH MOLDING MACHINE, PBQ AUTOMATIC COPE AND DRAG MOLDING MACHINE MAKES BOTH MOLD HALVES INDIVIDUALLY WHICH ARE LATER ROTATED, ASSEMBLED, AND LOWERED TO POURING CONVEYORS BY ASSISTING MACHINES. - Southern Ductile Casting Company, Casting, 2217 Carolina Avenue, Bessemer, Jefferson County, AL
Oberste-beulmann, K.; Schupphaus, H.
A drum cutter mining machine includes a machine frame with a winch having a drive wheel to engage a rack or chain which extends along the path of travel by the mining machine to propel the machine along a mine face. The mining machine is made up of discrete units which include a machine body and machine housings joined to opposite sides of the machine body. The winch is either coupled through a drive train with a feed drive motor or coupled to the drive motor for cutter drums. The machine housings each support a pivot shaft coupled by an arm to a drum cutter. One of these housings includes a removable end cover and a recess adapted to receive a support housing for a spur gear system used to transmit torque from a feed drive motor to a reduction gear system which is, in turn, coupled to the drive wheel of the winch. In one embodiment, a removable end cover on the machine housing provides access to the feed drive motor. The feed drive motor is arranged so that the rotational axis of its drive output shaft extends transversely to the stow side of the machine frame. In another embodiment, the reduction gear system is arranged at one side of the pivot shaft for the cutter drum while the drive motor therefor is arranged at the other side of the pivot shaft and coupled thereto through the spur gear system. In a further embodiment, the reduction gear system is disposed between the feed motor and the pivot shaft.
Study of Accuracy of CNC Machine Tools
NSDL National Science Digital Library
Chattopadhyay, Sonnath
The dimensional accuracies as well as surface finishes of parts produced by a CNC machine tool are strongly dependent on the motion accuracy of each axis of the machine. The overall accuracy of the machine tool is decided by the mechanical characteristics of the machine as well as the characteristics if the control system driving the individual axes. A CNC Machine is programmed to travel along a predetermined or contour, and any deviation from the programmed path is referred as the contouring error. A typical test that is used is a circular test in which the machine is programmed to travel along a circle, and the difference between the programmed path and the measured actual path is compared. The purpose of this study is to identify the various contributors to this contouring error, and in particular estimate the error due to stick slip motion using analytical techniques. It is planned to measure the errors experimentally making use of capacitance probes. The study is intended to develop an appreciation for the sources of different errors produced in a machine tool and as such forms a module in a typical semester long class devoted to manufacturing processes.
Gang scheduling a parallel machine
Gorda, B.C.; Brooks, E.D. III.
Program development on parallel machines can be a nightmare of scheduling headaches. We have developed a portable time sharing mechanism to handle the problem of scheduling gangs of processes. User programs and their gangs of processes are put to sleep and awakened by the gang scheduler to provide a time sharing environment. Time quantum are adjusted according to priority queues and a system of fair share accounting. The initial platform for this software is the 128 processor BBN TC2000 in use in the Massively Parallel Computing Initiative at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.
Prediction of surface roughness in abrasive waterjet machining of particle reinforced MMCs using genetic expression programming
Metin K�k; Erdogan Kanca; �mer Eyercio?lu
Machining of particle-reinforced metal matrix composites has been considerably difficult due to the extremely abrasive nature\\u000a of the reinforcements that causes rapid tool wear and high machining cost. Abrasive water jet (AWJ) machining has proven to\\u000a be a viable technique to machine such materials compared to conventional machining processes. The present study is focused\\u000a on the surface roughness of AWJ
High-intensity drying processes -- Impulse drying: Report 15 (final report). Production of linerboard on a pilot paper machine, subsequent commercial converting trials and preliminary economic assessment
Orloff, D.I.
In September 1998, 33{number_sign} liner was produced on the {number_sign}4 pilot machine under both single-felted wet pressing and impulse drying conditions. In October 1998, the pilot produced liner and commercial liner were converted to combined board and corrugated boxes at a commercial box plant. In January 1999, linerboard, medium, and combined board and box testing were completed. The pilot trials demonstrated that 33{number_sign} liner could be impulse dried at a reel speed of 380 m/min. Press dryness was improved by as much as 4 points, while CD STFI and CD ring crush were improved by more than 10%. Improvements to the smoothness of heated side of sheet were also realized. Commercial box plant converting trials demonstrated that impulse dried linerboard can be used to increase ECT and box compression strength by as much as 10%. As anticipated, print quality was found to be superior. A preliminary economic analysis was performed in which an impulse dryer would increase press dryness by 4 points and would allow the basis weight to be reduced by 10%. The economic model showed that the 4 points in dryness would translate to a 17% tonnage increase. Applying the 10% basis weight reduction resulted in an increase in productivity, on an area basis, of 30%. The pulp cost savings was found to outweigh any additional electric power costs.
McQuade, D. Tyler
Millikelvin Lab OP105�112 Machine Shop OP132 Resistive Magnet Shop CICC Winding Area Transformers Transformers Part Shop OP128 Dock Control Room 45 T Physical Plant Helium Recovery System MagnetCells Shipping This building is home to the Millikelvin lab, the control room, the resistive magnet and machine shops, the CICC
Precision laser machining program
L. N. Durvasula
High brightness, diode pumped solid state laser technology has now progressed to a point that it is envisioned as the next-generation industrial laser. In response, the Precision Laser Machining (PLM) Consortium was formed as part of the US Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) Technology Reinvestment Project. The goal of PLM is to develop a new generation of laser machine
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Bajis, Katie
The characteristics and capabilities of existing machine translation systems were examined and procurement recommendations were developed. Four systems, SYSTRAN, GLOBALINK, PC TRANSLATOR, and STYLUS, were determined to meet the NASA requirements for a machine translation system. Initially, four language pairs were selected for implementation. These are Russian-English, French-English, German-English, and Japanese-English.
Mario Marchand; John Shawe-taylor
We extend the classical algorithms of Valiant and Haussler for learning compact conjunc- tions and disjunctions of Boolean attributes to allow features that are constructed from the data and to allow a trade-off between accuracy and complexity. The result is a general- purpose learning machine, suitable for practical learning tasks, that we call the set covering machine. We present a
Joel David Hamkins; Andy Lewis
We extend in a natural way the operation of Turing machines to infinite ordinal time, and investigate the resulting supertask theory of computability and decidability on the reals. Every ?11 set, for example, is decidable by such machines, and the semi-decidable sets form a portion of the ?12 sets. Our oracle concept leads to a notion of relative computability for
Predicting phospholipidosis using machine learning.
Lowe, Robert; Glen, Robert C; Mitchell, John B O
Phospholipidosis is an adverse effect caused by numerous cationic amphiphilic drugs and can affect many cell types. It is characterized by the excess accumulation of phospholipids and is most reliably identified by electron microscopy of cells revealing the presence of lamellar inclusion bodies. The development of phospholipidosis can cause a delay in the drug development process, and the importance of computational approaches to the problem has been well documented. Previous work on predictive methods for phospholipidosis showed that state of the art machine learning methods produced the best results. Here we extend this work by looking at a larger data set mined from the literature. We find that circular fingerprints lead to better models than either E-Dragon descriptors or a combination of the two. We also observe very similar performance in general between Random Forest and Support Vector Machine models. PMID:20799726
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Hobson, Michael; Graff, Philip; Feroz, Farhan; Lasenby, Anthony
Machine-learning methods may be used to perform many tasks required in the analysis of astronomical data, including: data description and interpretation, pattern recognition, prediction, classification, compression, inference and many more. An intuitive and well-established approach to machine learning is the use of artificial neural networks (NNs), which consist of a group of interconnected nodes, each of which processes information that it receives and then passes this product on to other nodes via weighted connections. In particular, I discuss the first public release of the generic neural network training algorithm, called SkyNet, and demonstrate its application to astronomical problems focusing on its use in the BAMBI package for accelerated Bayesian inference in cosmology, and the identification of gamma-ray bursters. The SkyNet and BAMBI packages, which are fully parallelised using MPI, are available at http://www.mrao.cam.ac.uk/software/.
Secondary Masters in Machine Learning
Page 1 Secondary Masters in Machine Learning Student Handbook Revised 8/20/14 #12;Page 2 Table:.......................................................................................8 Machine Learning Journal Club.........................................................................................................11 #12;Page 3 Introduction The field of machine learning is concerned with the question of how
The KANTOO Machine Translation Environment
Shamos, Michael I.
machine translation system. 1 Introduction KANTOO is a knowledge�based, interlingual machine translation Server Knowledge Bases Lexical Maintenance Tool Language Translation Database Oracle DB Oracle DB KANTOOThe KANTOO Machine Translation Environment Eric Nyberg and Teruko Mitamura Language Technologies
Detecting Preserved Eggshell Crack Using Machine Vision
Wang Fang; Wen Youxian
As preserved egg is becoming an important branch of egg processing industry, how to detect the crack on preserved eggshell through a fast and nondestructive method is an important segment of improving the quality of the preserved egg. This paper analyzed the different kinds of image processing methods based on the machine vision technology. It was concluded that the morphological
Machine learning algorithms for event detection
Dragos D. Margineantu; Weng-Keen Wong; Denver Dash
A common task in many machine learning application domains involves monitoring routinely collected data for �interesting� events. This task is prevalent in surveillance, but also in tasks ranging from the analysis of scientific data to the monitoring of naturally occurring events, and from supervising industrial processes to observing human behavior. We will refer to this monitoring process with the purpose
Modelling the correlation between cutting and process parameters in high-speed machining of Inconel 718 alloy using an artificial neural network
E.O. Ezugwu; D. A. Fadare; J. Bonney; R. B. Da Silva; W. F. Sales
An artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed for the analysis and prediction of the relationship between cutting and process parameters during high-speed turning of nickel-based, Inconel 718, alloy. The input parameters of the ANN model are the cutting parameters: speed, feed rate, depth of cut, cutting time, and coolant pressure. The output parameters of the model are seven process
Machine learning: an indispensable tool in bioinformatics.
Inza, I�aki; Calvo, Borja; Arma�anzas, Rub�n; Bengoetxea, Endika; Larra�aga, Pedro; Lozano, Jos� A
The increase in the number and complexity of biological databases has raised the need for modern and powerful data analysis tools and techniques. In order to fulfill these requirements, the machine learning discipline has become an everyday tool in bio-laboratories. The use of machine learning techniques has been extended to a wide spectrum of bioinformatics applications. It is broadly used to investigate the underlying mechanisms and interactions between biological molecules in many diseases, and it is an essential tool in any biomarker discovery process. In this chapter, we provide a basic taxonomy of machine learning algorithms, and the characteristics of main data preprocessing, supervised classification, and clustering techniques are shown. Feature selection, classifier evaluation, and two supervised classification topics that have a deep impact on current bioinformatics are presented. We make the interested reader aware of a set of popular web resources, open source software tools, and benchmarking data repositories that are frequently used by the machine learning community. PMID:19957143
Machine LearningMachine Learning Stephen Scott
Scott, Stephen D.
that automatically learn from experience Important research goal of artificial intelligence (Very) small sampling vs. non-trucks Examples are described by features E.g. number-of-wheels (integer), relative-height (height divided by width), hauls-cargo (yes/no) A machine learning algorithm uses these examples to create
BLITZEN: A highly integrated massively parallel machine
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Blevins, D. W.; Davis, E. W.; Heaton, R. A.; Reif, J. H.
The architecture and VLSI design of a new massively parallel processing array chip are described. The BLITZEN processing element array chip, which contains 1.1 million transistors, serves as the basis for a highly integrated, miniaturized, high-performance, massively parallel machine that is currently under development. Each processing element has 1K bits of static RAM and performs bit-serial processing with functional elements for arithmetic, logic, and shifting.
Comprehensive review of micro/meso-scale machine tools
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Wang, Q. Y.; Fang, F. Z.; Hu, X. T.
The development of micro/meso-scale machine tool was motivated by the fabrication of scaled-down workpieces with better quality, higher efficiency and less expense. In contrast with the batch technologies derived from microelectronics, mechanical tool-based process has many virtues such as the ability of creating free-form features, high material removal and less limitation of the working material. With the occurrence of relative novel precision technologies and components, the option of micro/meso-scale machine tools is superior to conventional macro-scale machine tools in machining micro parts and features. In 1990s, the first microlathe and microfactory were developed by MEL in Japan. This research stimulated the further study on micro/meso-scale machine tools over the world. Meanwhile, mechanical tool-based micromachining was also conducted on these test beds demonstrating the feasibility of the concept on micro/meso-scale machine tools. The development of micro/meso-scale machine tools is supported by many technologies in the fields of controls, feedback systems, servo drives, and general machine design and configuration. However, there is still some difficulties in reaching the same machining level of ultra-precision machine tools. These difficulties and corresponding recommendations for future research, such as the configuration and design of micro/mesoscale machine tools, the micromachining mechanism as well as assembly and handling the workpiece etc., are also described.
Online and o ine preemptive two-machine job shop schedul-Tracy Kimbrel
Saia, Jared
Online and o#15;ine preemptive two-machine job shop schedul- ing Tracy Kimbrel IBM T.J. Watson and o#15;ine preemptive two-machine job shop scheduling Tracy Kimbrel Jared Saia Abstract We consider. The two machines model the CPU processing power and the I/O processing power of a computer system
Virtual machine performance benchmarking.
Langer, Steve G; French, Todd
The attractions of virtual computing are many: reduced costs, reduced resources and simplified maintenance. Any one of these would be compelling for a medical imaging professional attempting to support a complex practice on limited resources in an era of ever tightened reimbursement. In particular, the ability to run multiple operating systems optimized for different tasks (computational image processing on Linux versus office tasks on Microsoft operating systems) on a single physical machine is compelling. However, there are also potential drawbacks. High performance requirements need to be carefully considered if they are to be executed in an environment where the running software has to execute through multiple layers of device drivers before reaching the real disk or network interface. Our lab has attempted to gain insight into the impact of virtualization on performance by benchmarking the following metrics on both physical and virtual platforms: local memory and disk bandwidth, network bandwidth, and integer and floating point performance. The virtual performance metrics are compared to baseline performance on "bare metal." The results are complex, and indeed somewhat surprising. PMID:21207096
Semismooth support vector machines.
Ferris, M. C.; Munson, T. S.; Mathematics and Computer Science; Univ. of Wisconsin
The linear support vector machine can be posed as a quadratic program in a variety of ways. In this paper, we look at a formulation using the two-norm for the misclassification error that leads to a positive definite quadratic program with a single equality constraint when the Wolfe dual is taken. The quadratic term is a small rank update to a positive definite matrix. We reformulate the optimality conditions as a semismooth system of equations using the Fischer-Burmeister function and apply a damped Newton method to solve the resulting problem. The algorithm is shown to converge from any starting point with a Q-quadratic rate of convergence. At each iteration, we use the Sherman-Morrison-Woodbury update formula to solve a single linear system of equations. Significant computational savings are realized as the inactive variables are identified and exploited during the solution process. Results for a 60 million variable problem are presented, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method on a personal computer.
A Fuzzy AHP Approach to Evaluating Machine Tool Alternatives
Zeki Aya?; R. G. �zdemir
Selecting process of a machine tool has been very important issue for companies for years, because the improper selection\\u000a of a machine tool might cause of many problems affecting negatively on productivity, precision, flexibility and company�s\\u000a responsive manufacturing capabilities. On the other hand, selecting the best machine tool from its increasing number of existing\\u000a alternatives in market are multiple-criteria decision
A PLC-Based Control System in Wheelset Disassembly Machine
Xiao Jun; Ma Wen
A wheelset disassembly machine is newly designed for dismounting wheelsets using a double-side disassembly technology. This NC machine tool integrates such functions as hydraulic controlling, mechanism positioning and process monitoring with a user-friendly Human-machine interface (HMI). A control system using Siemens S7-200 series PLC is introduced to accomplish these functions. After analyzing three main architectures of PLC-based control systems in
Evaluation of waterjet-machined metal matrix composite tensile specimens
Lavender, C.A.; Smith, M.T.
Four magnesium/boron carbide metal matrix composite (MMC) tensile specimens fabricated using the waterjet machining method were evaluated in order to determine the effects of the waterjet material removal process on the composite material surface structure and properties. These results were then compared with data from material conventionally machined. Results showed that while waterjet cutting produces a rough surface finish and does not meet specified dimensional tolerances, the technique appears to be suitable for sectioning and rough machining of metal matrix composites.
Fabrication of a high-aspect-ratio stainless steel shadow mask and its application to pentacene thin-film transistors
Sang Min Yi; Sung Hun Jin; Jong Duk Lee; Chong Nam Chu
A high-aspect-ratio and high-resolution stainless steel shadow mask for organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) has been fabricated using a new method which combines micro-electro-discharge machining (micro-EDM) and electrochemical etching (ECE). First, square holes are serially machined using micro-EDM. Then, the ECE process is used to reduce the spacing of holes, which can be reduced down to 3.6 �m. Using this method,
William R. Hamel; Spivey Douglass; Sewoong Kim; Pamela Murray; Yang Shou; Sriram Sridharan; Ge Zhang; Scott Thayer; Rajiv V. Dubey
The remediation and deactivation and decommissioning (D&D) of nuclear waste storage tanks using telerobotics is one of the most challenging tasks faced in environmental cleanup. Since a number of tanks have reached the end of their design life and some of them have leaks, the unstructured, uncertain and radioactive environment makes the work inefficient and expensive. However, the execution time of teleoperation consumes ten to hundred times that of direct contact with an associated loss in quality. Thus, a considerable effort has been expended to improve the quality and efficiency of telerobotics by incorporating into teleoperation and robotic control functions such as planning, trajectory generation, vision, and 3-D modeling. One example is the Robot Task Space Analyzer (RTSA), which has been developed at the Robotics and Electromechanical Systems Laboratory (REMSL) at the University of Tennessee in support of the D&D robotic work at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the National Energy Technology Laboratory. This system builds 3-D models of the area of interest in task space through automatic image processing and/or human interactive manual modeling. The RTSA generates a task plan file, which describes the execution of a task including manipulator and tooling motions. The high level controller of the manipulator interprets the task plan file and executes the task automatically. Thus, if the environment is not highly unstructured, a tooling task, which interacts with environment, will be executed in the autonomous mode. Therefore, the RTSA not only increases the system efficiency, but also improves the system reliability because the operator will act as backstop for safe operation after the 3-D models and task plan files are generated. However, unstructured conditions of environment and tasks necessitate that the telerobot operates in the teleoperation mode for successful execution of task. The inefficiency in the teleoperation mode led to the research described as Human Machine Cooperative Telerobotics (HMCTR). The HMCTR combines the telerobot with robotic control techniques to improve the system efficiency and reliability in teleoperation mode. In this topical report, the control strategy, configuration and experimental results of Human Machines Cooperative Telerobotics (HMCTR), which modifies and limits the commands of human operator to follow the predefined constraints in the teleoperation mode, is described. The current implementation is a laboratory-scale system that will be incorporated into an engineering-scale system at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in the future.
NSDL National Science Digital Library
Paul R. C. Ming
A Turing machine is theoretical computer consisting of a finite set of internal states, a finite alphabet that includes a blank symbol, and a finite set of instructions. It has a physical head and a physical infinitely long tape, which is divided into cells. The cell values consist of the alphabet. The tape has a finite number of non-blank cells. The head can read and write to the cells and move the tape one cell to the left and one cell to the right. The Virtual Turing Machine lets you input tape values and an instruction set to see the output of a turing machine.
The addition of a calender machine to a pyrolytic graphite sheet production plant
Svenson, Ernest Knute
This thesis documents the process and challenges of adding a new calender machine to AvCarb Material Solutions' pyrolytic graphite production plant. Before the machine could be used for mass production, several experiments ...
Tribology in secondary wood machining
Ko, P.L.; Hawthorne, H.M.; Andiappan, J.
Secondary wood manufacturing covers a wide range of products from furniture, cabinets, doors and windows, to musical instruments. Many of these are now mass produced in sophisticated, high speed numerical controlled machines. The performance and the reliability of the tools are key to an efficient and economical manufacturing process as well as to the quality of the finished products. A program concerned with three aspects of tribology of wood machining, namely, tool wear, tool-wood friction characteristics and wood surface quality characterization, was set up in the Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Institute (IMTI) of the National Research Council of Canada. The studies include friction and wear mechanism identification and modeling, wear performance of surface-engineered tool materials, friction-induced vibration and cutting efficiency, and the influence of wear and friction on finished products. This research program underlines the importance of tribology in secondary wood manufacturing and at the same time adds new challenges to tribology research since wood is a complex, heterogeneous, material and its behavior during machining is highly sensitive to the surrounding environments and to the moisture content in the work piece.
16. Interior, Machine Shop, Roundhouse Machine Shop Extension, Southern Pacific ...
Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey
16. Interior, Machine Shop, Roundhouse Machine Shop Extension, Southern Pacific Railroad Carlin Shops, view to south (90mm lens). Note the large segmental-arched doorway to move locomotives in and out of Machine Shop. - Southern Pacific Railroad, Carlin Shops, Roundhouse Machine Shop Extension, Foot of Sixth Street, Carlin, Elko County, NV
Speech Recognition in Machines 785 Speech Recognition in Machines
Liebling, Michael
Speech Recognition in Machines 785 Speech Recognition in Machines Over the past several decades (speech recognition systems) human speech. We concentrate on speech recognition systems in this section. Speech recognition by machine refers to the capability of a machine to convert human speech to a textual
Why Machine Learning and Games? Machine Learning in Video Games
Hunt, Galen
#12;Why Machine Learning and Games? Machine Learning in Video Games DrivatarsTM Reinforcement Learning Machine Learning in Online Games TrueSkillTM Halo 3 The Path of Go Conclusions #12;Test Beds for Machine Learning · Perfect instrumentation and measurements · Perfect control and manipulation · Reduced
Experimental research on machining characteristics of SiC ceramic with end electric discharge milling
Renjie Ji; Yonghong Liu; Yanzhen Zhang; Xin Dong; Zhili Chen; Baoping Cai
Silicon carbide (SiC) ceramic has been widely used in modern industry. However, the beneficial properties of SiC ceramic make\\u000a machining difficult and costly by conventional machining methods. This paper proposes a new process of machining SiC ceramic\\u000a using end electric discharge (ED) milling. The process is able to effectively machine a large surface area on SiC ceramic\\u000a at low cost
Positive Linear Function Machine
NSDL National Science Digital Library
Students investigate linear functions with positive slopes by trying to guess the slope and intercept from inputs and outputs. Positive Linear Function Machine is one of the Interactivate assessment explorers.
Machine Translation for Twitter�
Jehl, Laura Elisabeth
We carried out a study in which we explored the feasibility of machine translation for Twitter for the language pair English and German. As a first step we created a small bilingual corpus of 1,000 tweets. Using this ...
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Robinson, W. W.; Williamson, J. C.
Circuit shaker removes loose particles from hybrid microcircuit packages. Machine can reduce rejections from particle impact noise determination (PIND) tests to less than 7 percent. Shaker is easily constructed and could be manufactured for distribution as kit.