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Alternative Fuels Data Center: Low Rolling Resistance Tires
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Malloy, M.G.
For Envirotire (Lillington, North Carolina), producing quality crumb rubber this summer is all in a night`s work. The tire recycling facility has operated in Lillington, which is about an hour south of Raleigh, North Carolina, for about a year and a half, since October 1995. In the summer, the plant runs at night to save money in electricity costs by operating during off-peak hours; in the winter, daytime hours also can be off-peak. In contrast to the cryogenic systems used elsewhere to recycle tires, Envirotire`s system works on mechanical principles. Before the tires are even shredded, a worker cuts the white-walls out of the tires manually, so the white does not contaminate the black end-product. A worker places the tires manually on a conveyor, which feed them up to an initial shredder that sections them quickly into pieces. While the tires are on the conveyor, dividing strips on the conveyor mark off a place for each tire. The system takes nine new tires per minute.
Dynamics and Stability of Rolling Viscoelastic Tires
Potter, Trevor
Current steady state rolling tire calculations often do not include treads because treads destroy the rotational symmetry of the tire. We describe two methodologies to compute time periodic solutions of a two-dimensional viscoelastic tire with treads: solving a minimization problem and solving a system of equations. We also expand on work by Oden and Lin on free spinning rolling elastic tires in which they disovered a hierachy of N-peak steady state standing wave solutions. In addition to discovering a two-dimensional hierarchy of standing wave solutions that includes their N-peak hiearchy, we consider the eects of viscoelasticity on the standing wave solutions. Finally, a commonplace model of viscoelasticity used in our numerical experiments led to non-physical elastic energy growth for large tire speeds. We show that a viscoelastic model of Govindjee and Reese remedies the problem.
Final Scientific Report - "Improved Fuel Efficiency from Nanocomposite Tire Tread"
Dr. Andrew Myers
Rolling resistance, a measure of the energy lost as a tire rotates while moving, is a significant source of power and fuel loss. Recently, low rolling resistant tires have been formulated by adding silica to tire tread. These "Green Tires" (so named from the environmental advantages of lower emissions and improved fuel economy) have seen some commercial success in Europe, where high fuel prices and performance drive tire selection. Unfortunately, the higher costs of the silica and a more complicated manufacturing process have prevented significant commercialization - and the resulting fuel savings - in the U.S. In this project, TDA Research, Inc. (TDA) prepared an inexpensive alternative to silica that leads to tire components with lower rolling resistance. These new tire composite materials were processed with traditional rubber processing equipment. We prepared specially designed nanoparticle additives, based on a high purity, inorganic mineral whose surface can be easily modified for compatibility with tire tread formulations. Our nanocomposites decreased energy losses to hysteresis, the loss of energy from the compression and relaxation of an elastic material, by nearly 20% compared to a blank SBR sample. We also demonstrated better performance than a leading silica product, with easier production of our final rubber nanocomposite.
Lula, J.W.; Bohnert, G.W.
As the automobile tire technology has grown and met the need for safer and more durable tires, stronger reinforcement and more chemically resistant rubber compounds have made recycling tires more difficult. In an effort to resolve this problem, techniques and equipment were developed to grind tires into small pieces, and new markets were sought to utilize the crumb rubber product streams from ground tires. Industrial combustion processes were modified to accept scrap tires as fuel. These efforts have been beneficial, steadily increasing the percentage of scrap tires recycled to about 10% in 1985, and reaching 72% in 1995. By the end of 1997, fully 100% of tires generated in the U.S. are expected to be recycled.
Demonstration of improved vehicle fuel efficiency through innovative tire design, materials, and weight reduction technologies
Donley, Tim [Cooper Tire & Rubber Company Incorporated, Findlay, OH (United States)
Cooper completed an investigation into new tire technology using a novel approach to develop and demonstrate a new class of fuel efficient tires using innovative materials technology and tire design concepts. The objective of this work was to develop a new class of fuel efficient tires, focused on the "replacement market" that would improve overall passenger vehicle fuel efficiency by 3% while lowering the overall tire weight by 20%. A further goal of this project was to accomplish the objectives while maintaining the traction and wear performance of the control tire. This program was designed to build on what has already been accomplished in the tire industry for rolling resistance based on the knowledge and general principles developed over the past decades. Cooper's CS4 (Figure #1) premium broadline tire was chosen as the control tire for this program. For Cooper to achieve the goals of this project, the development of multiple technologies was necessary. Six technologies were chosen that are not currently being used in the tire industry at any significant level, but that showed excellent prospects in preliminary research. This development was divided into two phases. Phase I investigated six different technologies as individual components. Phase II then took a holistic approach by combining all the technologies that showed positive results during phase one development.
Not Available
Scrap tires, one small part of the country's massive solid waste problem, are causing a disproportional headache. A city the size of Newark, N.J., for example, can pay up to $700,000 a year just to bury its waste tires, assuming it can find landfills to accept them. Many landfills no longer do, and in some areas, it is actually illegal. So stockpiles of scrap tires mount up and illegal dumping runs rampant. Scrap tires represent less than 1 percent of the nation's total solid waste. While we generate approximately a ton of solid waste per year per person, or 250,000,000 tons, we generate only one 20-pound tire per person, or 2,500,000 tons. Despite this small percentage, these tires present a special disposal/reuse challenge because of their size, shape, and physicochemical nature. Classified as a special waste, they are not generally collected with household waste by municipal authorities. Notwithstanding the unique disposal/reuse challenges of scrap tires, it must be stressed that a tire is essentially a petrochemical product than can be reused, can be a source of recoverable petrochemicals, or can be used as a fuel with a higher Btu value than coal. Thus what appears as a waste disposal challenge is also a resource recovery opportunity. Unfortunately, at present, only 30 percent of the country's scrap tires are being reclaimed or recycled. In terms of options, there are three viable areas in which to approach the waste tire problem: whole tire applications; physically processed tire applications; and physicochemical processes.
Extraction and identification of fillers and pigments from pyrolyzed rubber and tire samples
Sadhukhan, P.; Zimmerman, J.B. [Bridgestone/Firestone Inc., Akron, OH (United States)
Rubber stocks, specially tires, are composed of natural rubber and synthetic polymers and also of several compounding ingredients, such as carbon black, silica, zinc oxide etc. These are generally mixed and vulcanized with additional curing agents, mainly organic in nature, to achieve certain {open_quotes}designing properties{close_quotes} including wear, traction, rolling resistance and handling of tires. Considerable importance is, therefore, attached both by the manufacturers and their competitors to be able to extract, identify and characterize various types of fillers and pigments. Several analytical procedures have been in use to extract, preferentially, these fillers and pigments and subsequently identify and characterize them under a transmission electron microscope.
Not Available
It is the goal of the EPA to eliminate illegal dumping altogether and to reduce the stockpiling and landfilling of discarded tires as much as possible. Interestingly enough, over the last 40 years, tires have been somewhat of a success story for source reduction. The advent of the 40,000-mile tire means that tires last longer before they wear out. Potential source reduction measures for tires include the design of longer lived tires, reuse of tires removed from vehicles, and retreading. These practices all extend the useful life of tires before they are discarded. In the report, tire utilization methods are described and the market barriers to their utilization. Also discussed are options to address the waste tire problem.
Lamarre, L.
What happens to car tires after they`ve exhausted their life on the road? Whether they are handed over to a tire dealer or tossed into the trash, many tires get a second life, reincarnated into products like doormats, park benches, and playground equipment. But the biggest single market for scrap tires is fuel; fuel that supplements the feedstock of paper mills, cement kilns, and even electric utility boilers. As well as offering a higher heating value than coal, tires can lower utilities` fuel costs and reduce polutant like nitrogen oxides and ash. But it`s the rare utility boiler that is amenable to burning tires successfully. 5 refs., 9 figs.
Improving scrap tire processing
Astafan, C.G. [Columbus McKinnon Corp., Sarasota, FL (United States)
The market for tire-derived materials is growing rapidly, with the largest market being tire-derived fuels. There is therefore a growing demand for higher quality products. This paper describes the processing and removal of steel from scrap tires.
COASTAL HOUSEHOLD AIR TRAVEL SPORTS & RECREATION MANUFACTURING AUTOMOTIVE PUBLIC SAFETY MEDICAL GROCERY Search and Rescue at Sea Infrared Ear Thermometers Collision Avoidance Systems Shock-Absorbing Athletic Shoes Powdered Lubricants Improved Radial Tires
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Energy Efficiency in Heavy Vehicle Tires, Drivetrains, and Braking Systems
Peter J. Blau
This document was prepared to support the primary goals of the Department of Energy, Office of Heavy Vehicle Technologies. These were recently stated as follows: ''Develop by 2004 the enabling technologies for a class 7-8 truck with a fuel efficiency of 10 mpg (at 65 mph) which will meet prevailing emission standards. For Class 3-6 trucks operating on an urban driving cycle, develop by 2004 commercially viable vehicles that achieve at least double the fuel economy of comparable current vehicles (1999), and as a research goal, reduce criteria pollutants to 30% below EPA standards. Develop by 2004 the diesel engine enabling technologies to support large-scale industry dieselization of Class 1 and 2 trucks, achieving a 35 % fuel efficiency improvement over comparable gasoline-fueled trucks, while meeting applicable emissions standards.'' The enabling technologies for improving the fuel efficiency of trucks, include not only engine technologies but also technologies involved with lowering the rolling resistance of tires, reducing vehicle aerodynamic drag, improving thermal management, and reducing parasitic frictional losses in drive train components. Opportunities also exist for making better use of the energy that might ordinarily be dissipated during vehicle braking. Braking systems must be included in this evaluation since safety in truck operations is vital, and braking requirements are greater for vehicles having lowered resistance to rolling. The Office of Heavy Vehicle Technologies has initiated a program to improve the aerodynamics of heavy vehicles through wind tunnel testing, computational modeling, and on-road evaluations. That activity is described in a separate multi-year plan; therefore, emphasis in this document will be on tires, drive trains, and braking systems. Recent, dramatic fluctuations in diesel fuel prices have emphasized the importance of effecting savings in truck fuel economy by implementing new component designs and materials.
Introduction Rolling and Friction
Kuhn, Matthew R.
Introduction Kinematics Solutions Rolling and Friction in Discrete Element Simulations Matthew R of rolling resistance Creep-friction definition Creep-friction vs. Cattaneo-Mindlin friction Classification / papers / EMI2011.pdf #12;Introduction Kinematics Solutions Classification of rolling resistance Creep-friction
Using tire chips as a leachate drainage layer
Duffy, D.P. [RMT, Inc., Ann Arbor, MI (United States)
Old tires represent a potentially cost-effective construction material that can be used in the installation of leachate drainage and collection systems. In fact, recent studies show that using shredded tires in conjunction with granular soil materials can even enhance the long-term performance of these systems. A typical design using shredded tire chips involves the placement of a minimum 1-foot-thick layer of chips on a granular soil layer overlaying the composite liner system. However, implementation of this design is not as simple as it looks. Protecting the liner from wire protruding from the tire chips derived from belted tires is essential. Because tire chips tend to clump together, placement and spreading also must be in relatively thick lifts and performed by low-ground-pressure equipment. In addition, a significant volume reduction in the tire chip layer can be anticipated as a result of normal loadings from the overlying waste. Equivalent internal friction angles and cohesiveness for the tire chips should be estimated for factors of safety against side-slope failure. Despite theses concerns, however,the advantages of constructing a tire-chip drainage layer often can outweigh the disadvantages, as long as the chips` long-term permeability characteristics and resistance to clogging -- a result of biological activity -- are at least equal to that of typical granular soil materials commonly used in leachate drainage and collection systems.
Burning tires for fuel and tire pyrolysis: air implications
Clark, C.; Meardon, K.; Russell, D.
The document was developed in response to increasing inquiries into the environmental impacts of burning waste tires in process equipment. The document provides information on the use of whole, scrap tires and tire-derived-fuel (TDF) as combustion fuel and on the pyrolysis of scrap tires. The use of whole tires and TDF as a primary fuel is discussed for dedicated tire-to-energy facilities. The use of whole tires and TDF as a supplemental fuel is discussed for cement manufacturing plants, electric utilities, pulp and paper mills, and other industrial processes. The focus of the document is on the impact of burning whole tires and TDF on air emissions. Test data are presented and, in most instances, compared with emissions under baseline conditions (no tires or TDF in the fuel). The control devices used in these industries are discussed and, where possible, their effectiveness in controlling emissions from the burning of whole tires or TDF is described. In addition, the report provides information on the processes themselves that use whole tires or TDF, the modifications to the processes that allowed the use of whole tires or TDF, and the operational experiences of several facilities using whole tires or TDF. The economic feasibility of using whole tires and TDF for the surveyed industries is discussed. Finally, contacts for State waste tire programs are presented.
Betzig, H.M.
On September 26, Cris Lombardi and I presented a paper at the ARIPPA. The economic and environmental advantages available to CFB operators through the firing of tire-derived fuel (TDF) are discussed. The bottom line savings to the operation can be significant. It is believed that a regional scrap tire processing facility, capable of making properly-sized fuel, can be supported in Pennsylvania. An effort to develop such an operation is described. The technology for shredding and sizing TDF is well-proven. The proper equipment has been identified and reliable sources of scrap tires have been located. What is needed is to establish a certain minimum annual TDF usage so that fuel user permit modification activity can begin. Data are presented on the production and use of TDF.
Waste tire recycling by pyrolysis
Not Available
This project examines the City of New Orleans' waste tire problem. Louisiana State law, as of January 1, 1991, prohibits the knowing disposal of whole waste tires in landfills. Presently, the numerous waste tire stockpiles in New Orleans range in size from tens to hundreds of tires. New Orleans' waste tire problem will continue to increase until legal disposal facilities are made accessible and a waste tire tracking and regulatory system with enforcement provisions is in place. Tires purchased outside of the city of New Orleans may be discarded within the city's limits; therefore, as a practical matter this study analyzes the impact stemming from the entire New Orleans metropolitan area. Pyrolysis mass recovery (PMR), a tire reclamation process which produces gas, oil, carbon black and steel, is the primary focus of this report. The technical, legal and environmental aspects of various alternative technologies are examined. The feasibility of locating a hypothetical PMR operation within the city of New Orleans is analyzed based on the current economic, regulatory, and environmental climate in Louisiana. A thorough analysis of active, abandoned, and proposed Pyrolysis operations (both national and international) was conducted as part of this project. Siting a PMR plant in New Orleans at the present time is technically feasible and could solve the city's waste tire problem. Pending state legislation could improve the city's ability to guarantee a long term supply of waste tires to any large scale tire reclamation or recycling operation, but the local market for PMR end products is undefined.
New approaches to recycling tires
Spencer, R.
Steel-belted radial tires are potentially one of the most recyclable products created by modern industry, although the potential has been barely tapped. Discarded tires pile up at an astonishing rate each year - 234 million in the US and 26 million passenger tire equivalents in Canada. They represent a mother lode of raw material waiting for modern day miners to transform them into recycled rubber, steel, fiber and energy. The tremendous increase in use of steel belted radials since the early 1970s has complicated their recyclability compared to the bias ply tire, but it has also accomplished waste reduction by tripling tire service life. Part one of this report describes processes being developed to convert tires to crumb rubber, as well as some potential uses of recycled rubber. Part two, to appear next month, will examine such uses as rubberized athletic tracks and highway asphalt.
Scrap tire recycling in Minnesota
Not Available
The author discusses the problems associated with scrap tires. For example, surface storing of scrap tires poses a fire hazard and the rainwater trapped in the tire casings is an ideal breeding ground for mosquitoes. Use as a fuel for energy production is unattractive as long as oil retails at its present low price. Past reclamation processes have not met expectations. Legislation alone is not the answer, because scrap tires cannot be regulated out of existence. However, the Minnesota state legislature has come up with an approach that seems to be successful. It has passed the Waste Tire Act, which not only formulates regulations but also provides funding for research and development. Thus, it has established a tire disposal fund for financing construction costs of tire recycling facilities. One of the outcomes was the construction of the St. Louis county Waste Tire Recycling Facility. Through a leasing arrangement with Minneapolis-based Rubber Elastomerics, Inc. (RRE), construction costs financed by the tire disposal fund eventually will be repaid by RRE to the fund. The arrangement is described in detail. By a process also described, RRE produces a product that can be used in thermoset and in thermoplastic compounds. The user can incorporate between 50 percent and 85 percent of the recycled product into a rubber or plastic compound without significantly affecting the physical properties of the compound.
Waste tire recycling by pyrolysis
Not Available
This project examines the City of New Orleans` waste tire problem. Louisiana State law, as of January 1, 1991, prohibits the knowing disposal of whole waste tires in landfills. Presently, the numerous waste tire stockpiles in New Orleans range in size from tens to hundreds of tires. New Orleans` waste tire problem will continue to increase until legal disposal facilities are made accessible and a waste tire tracking and regulatory system with enforcement provisions is in place. Tires purchased outside of the city of New Orleans may be discarded within the city`s limits; therefore, as a practical matter this study analyzes the impact stemming from the entire New Orleans metropolitan area. Pyrolysis mass recovery (PMR), a tire reclamation process which produces gas, oil, carbon black and steel, is the primary focus of this report. The technical, legal and environmental aspects of various alternative technologies are examined. The feasibility of locating a hypothetical PMR operation within the city of New Orleans is analyzed based on the current economic, regulatory, and environmental climate in Louisiana. A thorough analysis of active, abandoned, and proposed Pyrolysis operations (both national and international) was conducted as part of this project. Siting a PMR plant in New Orleans at the present time is technically feasible and could solve the city`s waste tire problem. Pending state legislation could improve the city`s ability to guarantee a long term supply of waste tires to any large scale tire reclamation or recycling operation, but the local market for PMR end products is undefined.
Scrap tires: STATEing the facts
Dabaie, M.
Starting with a piece of Minnesota legislation passed in 1984, state governments have spent the last 10 years attempting to clean up and find markets for decades worth of stockpiled tires, as well as the millions more generated each year. The US EPA estimates that 242 million scrap tires were generated in the US in 1990 alone. Of these, an alarming 188 million were disposed of illegally. At least 34 states have bans on the landfilling of whole, and in some cases even shredded, tires. Last year, 37 states considered scrap-tire-related bills, most of which were amendments to earlier legislation. Among the scrap tire legislation passed in the past year are comprehensive laws in Ohio and Colorado, including fees for the disposal of tires, most of which are paid by the consumer. Fees were increased in North Carolina and Texas, and a $2-per-tire fee was begun in Connecticut, while hauler registration requirements were enacted in California. This article discusses what five states are doing with the management of scrap tires. They are: Minnesota; Wisconsin; Texas; Oklahoma; and Illinois.
Puncturing the scrap tire problem
Steuteville, R.
The recovery of scrap tires is making major headway in the 1990s. In 1994, an estimated 55 percent of all scrap tires generated were diverted from landfills, compared to 11 percent five years ago. Within three to five years, the Scrap Tire Management Council (STMC), an industry group, predicts that there will be markets for 100 percent of the estimated 250 million plus scrap tires generated in the U.S. annually. At that point, it should be possible to start making a serious dent in the estimated 800 to 850 million scrap tires stockpiled around the country. About 4.5 million scrap tires get transformed into ground rubber products. Despite that relatively small number, this category holds significant promise. It also is the area with perhaps the most entrepreneurial activity. The reason is clear when the value added from increasingly intensive processing of tires is examined. When scrap rubber is ground for use in asphalt, new tires or a host of other products - the value goes up tremendously. A quarter inch minus grind generally sells for 14 to 22 cents/lb., or $280 to $440/ton. With smallerpieces, the value continues to climb. An `80 mesh,` or rubber that passes through a screen with 80 holes/linear inch, sells for30 to 45 cents/ lb. ($600 to $900/ton), which is higher than prices for aluminum cans two years ago.
Unconventional fuel: Tire derived fuel
Hope, M.W. [Waste Recovery, Inc., Portland, OR (United States)
Material recovery of scrap tires for their fuel value has moved from a pioneering concept in the early 1980`s to a proven and continuous use in the United States` pulp and paper, utility, industrial, and cement industry. Pulp and paper`s use of tire derived fuel (TDF) is currently consuming tires at the rate of 35 million passenger tire equivalents (PTEs) per year. Twenty mills are known to be burning TDF on a continuous basis. The utility industry is currently consuming tires at the rate of 48 million PTEs per year. Thirteen utilities are known to be burning TDF on a continuous basis. The cement industry is currently consuming tires at the rate of 28 million PTEs per year. Twenty two cement plants are known to be burning TDF on a continuous basis. Other industrial boilers are currently consuming tires at the rate of 6.5 million PTEs per year. Four industrial boilers are known to be burning TDF on a continuous basis. In total, 59 facilities are currently burning over 117 million PTEs per year. Although 93% of these facilities were not engineered to burn TDF, it has become clear that TDF has found acceptance as a supplemental fuel when blending with conventional fuels in existing combustion devices designed for normal operating conditions. The issues of TDF as a supplemental fuel and its proper specifications are critical to the successful development of this fuel alternative. This paper will focus primarily on TDF`s use in a boiler type unit.
Rubber friction and tire dynamics
B. N. J. Persson
We propose a simple rubber friction law, which can be used, e.g., in models of tire (and vehicle) dynamics. The friction law is tested by comparing numerical results to the full rubber friction theory (B.N.J. Persson, J. Phys.: Condensed Matter 18, 7789 (2006)). Good agreement is found between the two theories. We describe a two-dimensional (2D) tire model which combines the rubber friction model with a simple mass-spring description of the tire body. The tire model is very flexible and can be used to calculate accurate mu-slip (and the self-aligning torque) curves for braking and cornering or combined motion (e.g., braking during cornering). We present numerical results which illustrate the theory. Simulations of Anti-Blocking System (ABS) braking are performed using two simple control algorithms.
Assessment of damage to geomembrane liners by shredded scrap tires
Reddy, K.R.; Saichek, R.E. [Univ. of Illinois, Chicago, IL (United States). Dept. of Civil and Materials Engineering
This paper presents the results of a field and laboratory study performed to assess damage to the geomembrane liner caused by using shredded scrap tires as a leachate drainage layer material in landfills. The field testing was performed to assess the damage that occurred to the geomembrane liner during construction and included nine tests conducted with different combinations of tire chip size and thickness, both with a geotextile and without a geotextile overlying the geomembrane, and under different loading conditions. The laboratory testing was performed to characterize the shredded tires, particularly their size distribution, hydraulic conductivity, compressibility, and chemical resistance. The laboratory testing also included performing simulation testing to determine the extent of damage that occurs to the geomembrane liner by the shredded tires under long-term waste-loading conditions. the damage that occurred to the geomembrane liners in both field tests and simulated laboratory tests was determined by visual observations as well as by conducting multi-axial tension tests, wide strip tension tests, and water vapor transmission tests on the exhumed geomembrane samples. Based on these results, a 0.46-m thick layer of secondary shred tire chips, with an average size of 7.6 cm, placed over a 543-g/m{sup 2} geotextile installed over a geomembrane liner using low-ground-pressure (<58 kPa) equipment was determined to provide adequate protection in the geomembrane liner during construction. The degree of protection offered under long-term loading conditions depends on the normal stress and the random orientation of the shredded tire chips at the geomembrane interface.
Radial fryers. [Used tire power plants
Gawlicki, S.M.
Experience has shown that tires have their limits as a primary power generation fuel. As a supplemental fuel, however, they may prove to be cost effective. This article discusses the use of tires as a alternate fuel source.
Agony and ecstasy of tire recycling
Logsdon, G.
This article discusses the problem of used tires and the recycling of them. Shredded tires have a multitude of uses-new rubber, road construction, mulch, fuel, in composting and home insulation.
Tire recovery: Baltimore firm seeks solution
Greenhut, S.
Several U.S. companies are recycling tires on a large scale. The tires usually are shredded and sold as a fuel supplement, as an additive to new rubber products, or as a component of road surfaces. Examples of successful tire recycling operations reveal the diverse processing and marketing strategies employed by six companies. The experiences of one hauler in Baltimore, MD, concerning scrap tire transport, shredding, and marketing are summarized.
Harms, Volker W.
Research Department, Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co. , Akron,to truck tires), arrangement Goodyear layer conveyor- Afor Goodyear or Wave-Maze floating tire breakwaters tires
Mechanical properties of radial truck tires
Wasti, Mansoor-ul-Hassan
(right) 12 13 15 Figure 7: Sidewall bulge measurement 16 Figure 8: Load vs. deflection; 385/65R22. 5 wide base tire tested at 90 psi inflation pressure 20 Figure 9: Load vs. deflection; 385/65R22. 5 wide base tire tested at 100 psi inflation... pressure 21 Figure 10: Load vs. deflection; 385/65R22. 5 wide base tire tested at 110 Psl Figure 11: Load vs, deflection; 385/65R22. 5 wide base tire tested at 120 psi inflation pressure Figure 12: Stiffness vs. load; 385/65R22. 5 wide base tire 22...
Broadening the markets for scrap tire rubber
Hilts, M.E. [ed.
Only a couple years ago was the first time that the U.S. first recycled more scrap tires than it discarded. More experienced processors using improved technology and resourceful manufacturers continue to discover more uses of old tires. Soon, they`ll chip away at the 800 million tires stockpiled around the country, not just work to keep up with the waste tires generated each year. After years ago, asphalt roads and highways looked like the answer. This report profiles the utilization of scrap tires.
Scrap tire derived fuel: Markets and issues
Serumgard, J. [Scrap Tire Management Council, Washington, DC (United States)
More than 250 million scrap tires are generated annually in the United States and their proper management continues to be a solid waste management concern. Sound markets for scrap tires are growing and are consuming an ever increasing percentage of annual generation, with market capacity reaching more than 75% of annual generation in 1996. Of the three major markets - fuel, civil engineering applications, and ground rubber markets - the use of tires as a fuel is by far the largest market. The major fuel users include cement kilns, pulp and paper mills, electrical generation facilities, and some industrial facilities. Current issues that may impact the tire fuel market include continued public concern over the use of tires as fuels, the new EPA PM 2.5 standard, possible additional Clean Air emissions standards, access to adequate supplies of scrap tires, quality of processed tire derived fuel, and the possibility of creating a commodity market through the development of ASTM TDF standards.
Bauman, B. D.
The objectives of this project were to further develop and scale-up a novel technology for reuse of scrap tire rubber, to identify and develop end uses for the technology (products), and to characterize the technology's energy savings and environmental impact.
Autothermal pyrolysis of waste tires
Wey, M.Y.; Liou, B.H. [National Chung-Hsing Univ., Taichung (Taiwan, Province of China); Wu, S.Y.; Zhang, C.H. [Feng-Chia Univ., Taichung (Taiwan, Province of China)
The main objective of this research was to study the operating parameters of autothermal pyrolysis of scrap tires in a laboratory-scale fluidized bed reactor with a 100-cm bed height (10 cm I.D.) and a 100-cm freeboard (25 cm I.D.). Scrap tires were pyrolyzed in a limited oxygen supply, so that the heat for pyrolysis of the scrap tires was provided by combustion of some portion of the scrap tires. The operating parameters evaluated included the effect on the pyrolysis oil products and their relative proportions of (1) the air factor (0.07-0.035); (2) the pyrolysis temperature (370-570{degree}C); and (3) the catalyst added (zeolite and calcium carbonate). The results show that: (1) the composition of the liquid hydrocarbon obtained is affected significantly by the air factor; (2) the higher operating temperature caused a higher yield of gasoline and diesel; (3) the yield of gasoline increased due to the catalyst zeolite added, and the yield of diesel increased due to the addition of the catalyst calcium carbonate; (4) the principal constituents of gasoline included dipentene and diprene. 30 refs., 10 figs., 5 tabs.
Design of highway embankments using tire chips
Bosscher, P.J.; Edil, T.B. [Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States). Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering; Kuraoka, S. [National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario (Canada). Inst. for Research in Construction
This paper describes research undertaken to develop design procedures for using shredded scrap tires as a lightweight fill material in highway construction. The benefits of using scrap tires are particularly enhanced if they can be used to replace virgin construction materials made from nonrenewable resources. This paper addresses the use of tire chips as a highway embankment material. Design parameters for embankments constructed using discarded shredded tires are presented based on laboratory model studies, numerical analyses, and field performance of test fills. The conclusions of this report support the use of tire chips as an environmentally acceptable lightweight fill in highway applications if properly confined. Recommendations for design procedures and construction specifications for the use of tire chips in highway fills are provided.
Evaluation of tire pressure, tire construction, axle configuration, and axle load on flexible pavement performance
Jamy, Ahmad Najeeb
EVALUATION OF TIRE PRESSURE, TIRE CONSTRUCTION, AXLE CONFIGURATION, AND AXLE LOAD ON FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT PERFORMANCE A Thesis by AHMAD NAJEEB JAMY Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment... of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE August 1991 Major Subject: Civil Engineering EVALUATION OF TIRE PRESSURE, TIRE CONSTRUCTION, AXLE CONFIGURATION, AND AXLE LOAD ON FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT PERFORMANCE. A Thesis by AHMAD NAJEEB JAMY Approved...
Extracting inorganics from scrap tires
Cummings, R.; Wertz, D.L. [Univ. of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS (United States)
Scrap tires contain several inorganic moieties in abundances >0.5% which are impregnated into their carbonaceous matrix. These inorganic species are known to produce acid rain, toxic aerosols, and boiler scale and could produce unwanted catalytic effects as well. It is our position that the potential of recycling scrap tires would be considerably enhanced if the inorganics in question - S, Ca, and Zn - were removed prior to attempts to upgrade the carbonaceous matrix. Using non-mechanical methods, we are attempting to cleave the adherence between the co-polymer matrix and to extract the inorganics. The efficiency of our methods is being measured by wavelength dispersive x-ray spectrometry and by other methods.
Vacuum pyrolysis of used tires
Roy, C.; Darmstadt, H.; Benallal, B.; Chaala, A.; Schwerdtfeger, A.E. [Univ. Laval, Quebec City, Quebec (Canada). Dept. de Geneie Chimique
The vacuum pyrolysis of used tires enables the recovery of useful products, such as pyrolytic oil and pyrolytic carbon black (CB{sub P}). The light part of the pyrolytic oil contains dl-limonene which has a high price on the market. The naphtha fraction can be used as a high octane number component for gasoline. The middle distillate demonstrated mechanical and lubricating properties similar to those of the commercial aromatic oil Dutrex R 729. The heavy oil was tested as a feedstock for the production of needle coke. It was found that the surface morphology of CB{sub P} produced by vacuum pyrolysis resembles that of commercial carbon black. The CB{sub P} contains a higher concentration of inorganic compounds (especially ZnO and S) than commercial carbon black. The pyrolysis process feasibility looks promising. One old tire can generate upon vacuum pyrolysis, incomes of at least $2.25 US with a potential of up to $4.83 US/tire upon further product improvement. The process has been licensed to McDermott Marketing Servicing Inc. (Houston) for its exploitation in the US.
DOE (Department of Energy) funds awarded for scrap tire research
Not Available
After promising initial results in demonstrating the technical and commercial feasibility of modifying the surface of finely ground scrap tires to produce adhesion properties needed for reuse in polymers such as polyurethanes and epoxies, the US Department of Energy increased its research contract with Air Products and Chemicals to $850,000. The additional monies will be used to evaluate a second approach to surface modification that will extend the use of the rubber to other polymers and rubber formulations. Supplies to the surface-modified rubber particles should be available by late summer for customer evaluation. The initial applications for the new rubber particles are expected to include polyurethane, for the manufacture of carpet underlayment, shoe soles and newly developed polyurethane spare tires, improving the impact resistance of polystyrene, PVC and engineering plastics and automotive belts, gaskets and seals.
Taking the tire the final mile
Moore, G.A. [Scott County Health Dept., Davenport, IA (United States); Wuestenberg, T.; Hall, J.
In 1990 the Scott County Health Department formed a local Waste Tire Task Force to address the growing problem of illegally dumped tires in Scott County, Iowa. Strategies developed by the task force included providing convenient, low cost disposal; increasing public awareness; and promoting participation in recycling efforts. The task force has held several free waste tire collections, including Waste Tire Amnesty Days and an Earth Week event. At the recommendation of the task force, regular tire disposal fees at the Scott County Landfill, operated by the Scott Area Solid Waste Management Commission, were also reduced. Through the task force efforts, 107,000 waste tires, including several stockpiles, have been recovered in Scott County. Many were recycled, some at a local cement plant, which used them as fuel for a test burn. Complaints to the health department regarding accumulations of waste tires have decreased. The commitment to managing waste tires in Scott County is ongoing; the most recent free, tire disposal day was held in May 1994.
Goodyear Tire Plant Gains Traction on Energy Savings After Completing...
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
Tire Plant saved approximately 93,000 MMBtu and 875,000 annually after increasing steam system energy efficiency in their Union City, Tennessee, plant. Goodyear Tire Plant...
Scrap tire utilization via surface modification
Bauman, B.D. (Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., Allentown, PA (USA))
Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. is developing a novel approach to reusing scrap tire rubber, which will be described in this presentation. In addition to consuming scrap tires, this technology represents a new approach to material engineering. Furthermore, this method of rubber recycle is most efficient in terms of energy recovery. 4 figs.
Tire Remanufacturing and Energy Savings Avid Boustani1
Gutowski, Timothy
components that contribute to energy losses in a vehicle. The tread of a tire encompasses only 10 to 20 per (electric utilities), civil engineering purposes, etc. Another promising market for scrap tires is tireTire Remanufacturing and Energy Savings Avid Boustani1 , Sahni Sahni1 , Timothy Gutowski, Steven
A finite element analysis of pneumatic-tire/sand interactions
Grujicic, Mica
A finite element analysis of pneumatic-tire/sand interactions during off-road vehicle travel M pneumatic tire and sand during off-road vehicle travel. Keywords Finite element analysis, Road vehicles and for other tire/sand combinations. Since the finite element analysis of the tire/sand interaction enables
Scrap tire management in the mid south region
Blumenthal, M. [Scrap Tire Management Council, Washington, DC (United States)
The Scrap Tire Management Council (STMC) is a North American tire manufacturer-sponsored advocacy organization, created to identify and promote environmentally and economically sound markets for scrap tires. This presentation gives a national overview of the scrap tire situation, and focuses on the Tennessee and Mid-south region. National generation rates and markets for scrap tires are discussed, and markets for scrap tires are described. The major markets identified are fuel, rubber products, and civil engineering applications. Three technologies that may have an impact on scrap tire recycling are discussed: pyrolysis, gasification, and devulcanization.
Development of statistical wet weather model to evaluate frictional properties at the pavement-tire interface on hot mix asphalt concrete
Bedi, Harpreet
Skid resistance on wet pavements is influenced by friction at the tire-pavement interface as well as overall hot mix asphalt (HMA) performance. It is important to control aggregate, asphalt, and mix properties to achieve desirable frictional...
Assessment of Tire Technologies and Practices for Potential Waste and Energy Use Reductions
Lutsey, Nicholas P.; Regnier, Justin; Burke, Andy; Melaina, Marc W; Bremson, Joel; Keteltas, Michael
European Tire Recycling Association (ETRA), 1996. "WorldInternational Conference on Tire Recycling. Brussels. Mayin a database. The tire recycling company could keep more
Goodyear's Self-Regulating Tires Save Fuel, Improve Safety, Win Awards
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)
Tire manufacturer Goodyear has received multiple accolades for its self-regulating tire system, which monitors and automatically adjusts tire pressure.
Scrap tire pyrolysis: Experiment and modelling
Napoli, A.; Soudais, Y.; Lecomte, D. [Ecole des Mines d`Albi - Carmaux, Albi (France); Castillo, S. [Universite Paul Sabatier, Toulouse (France)
Pyrolysis of waste, usually organic solids like tires, plastics or composite materials, is an alternative thermal waste treatment technology. Three main physical and chemical mechanisms - i.e.: chemical kinetics, internal heat transfer and external heat transfer - have to be considered when modelling the degradation of solid waste particles. Because of the lack of physical properties for wastes most of the models described in the literature use basic data obtained on the pyrolysis of coal, wood and biomass. In this work, the authors report basic information on the thermal degradation of tire samples at small scale: Thermogravimetric analyser (TGA) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), as well as direct and indirect measurements of thermal and physical properties (thermal conductivity of the tire and of the char, porosity, density, specific heat). Pyrolysis experiments on tire samples are performed in an imaging furnace. The experimental results are compared to theoretical values deduced from models that take into account physical property measurements.
Illinois scrap-tire management study
Wietting, N.E.
Pursuant to the mandate under Public Act 85-1196 (HB 3389), the Illinois Department of Energy and Natural Resources initiated a study that reports on feasible methods for recycling of scrap motor vehicle tires which may be available to municipalities and counties. The study answers that mandate. It examines various methods for the recovery or reuse of motor vehicle tires. In addition, the study provides a detailed economic analysis of two alternative systems judged to be effective uses of scrap tires that can be implemented at this time. Finally, a discussion of policy issues is provided to assist the State of Illinois in determining which combination of uses and legislation would be an effective means of controlling the growing problem of scrap tires.
Reflections and Thoughts on Tired Light
M. Moore; J. Dunning-Davies
The position of the various tired light theories is reviewed briefly and it is noted that one of the biggest objections to them concerns the mechanism by which light might lose energy as it travels through space. Here some new work relating to the constancy of the speed of light is highlighted as providing a possible solution to this conundrum, thus making more feasible explanation of phenomena via theories involving the notion of tired light.
Technical Report 2014-15 Lugre Tire Model for HMMWV
Negrut, Dan
. An example of an all-terrain tire that can be used on HMMWV is depicted in figure 1. Figure 1. A Goodyear tire 37/12.50R17LT (http://www.goodyear.com/). Tires can be modelled in a number of ways in computerTechnical Report 2014-15 Lugre Tire Model for HMMWV Aki Mikkola October 21, 2014 #12;2 Abstract
Passive tire pressure sensor and method
Pfeifer, Kent Bryant (Los Lunas, NM); Williams, Robert Leslie (Albuquerque, NM); Waldschmidt, Robert Lee (Calgary, CA); Morgan, Catherine Hook (Ann Arbor, MI)
A surface acoustic wave device includes a micro-machined pressure transducer for monitoring tire pressure. The device is configured having a micro-machined cavity that is sealed with a flexible conductive membrane. When an external tire pressure equivalent to the cavity pressure is detected, the membrane makes contact with ridges on the backside of the surface acoustic wave device. The ridges are electrically connected to conductive fingers of the device. When the detected pressure is correct, selected fingers on the device will be grounded producing patterned acoustic reflections to an impulse RF signal. When the external tire pressure is less than the cavity reference pressure, a reduced reflected signal to the receiver results. The sensor may further be constructed so as to identify itself by a unique reflected identification pulse series.
Passive tire pressure sensor and method
Pfeifer, Kent Bryant; Williams, Robert Leslie; Waldschmidt, Robert Lee; Morgan, Catherine Hook
A surface acoustic wave device includes a micro-machined pressure transducer for monitoring tire pressure. The device is configured having a micro-machined cavity that is sealed with a flexible conductive membrane. When an external tire pressure equivalent to the cavity pressure is detected, the membrane makes contact with ridges on the backside of the surface acoustic wave device. The ridges are electrically connected to conductive fingers of the device. When the detected pressure is correct, selected fingers on the device will be grounded producing patterned acoustic reflections to an impulse RF signal. When the external tire pressure is less than the cavity reference pressure, a reduced reflected signal to the receiver results. The sensor may further be constructed so as to identify itself by a unique reflected identification pulse series.
Tire Development for Effective Transportation and Utilization of Used Tires, CRADA 01-N044, Final Report
Susan M. Maley
Scrap tires represent a significant disposal and recycling challenge for the United States. Over 280 million tires are generated on an annual basis, and several states have large stockpiles or abandoned tire piles that are slated for remediation. While most states have programs to address the accumulation and generation of scrap tires, most of these states struggle with creating and sustaining recycling or beneficial end use markets. One of the major issues with market development has been the costs associated with transporting and processing the tires into material for recycling or disposal. According to a report by the Rubber Manufactures Association tire-derived fuel (TDF) represents the largest market for scrap tires, and approximately 115 million tires were consumed in 2001 as TDF (U.S. Scrap Tire Markets, 2001, December 2002, www.rma.org/scraptires). This market is supported primarily by cement kilns, followed by various industries including companies that operate utility and industrial boilers. However the use of TDF has not increased and the amount of TDF used by boiler operators has declined. The work completed through this cooperative research and development agreement (CRADA) has shown the potential of a mobile tire shredding unit to economically produce TDF and to provide an alterative low cost fuel to suitable coal-fired power systems. This novel system addresses the economic barriers by processing the tires at the retailer, thereby eliminating the costs associated with hauling whole tires. The equipment incorporated into the design allow for small 1-inch chunks of TDF to be produced in a timely fashion. The TDF can then be co-fired with coal in suitable combustion systems, such as a fluidized bed. Proper use of TDF has been shown to boost efficiency and reduce emissions from power generation systems, which is beneficial to coal utilization in existing power plants. Since the original scope of work outlined in the CRADA could not be completed because of lack of progress by the CRADA members, the agreement was not extended beyond February 2004. The work completed included the detailed design of the mobile unit, a general economic analysis of the operating the system, and outreach activities.
Give us your poor, huddled, tire masses [Recycling of discarded tires
Not Available
This article describes a technology for turning discarded tires into a power source and a chemical feedstock. Rubber tires are not only a waste disposal problem but a wasted resource: at 15,000 BTU/lb they have an energy content nearly 80% of that of crude oil. Scrap tires are first melted in waste oil such as used motor oil and other discarded lubricants. They are then gasified to produce a synthesis gas that is suitable for use in combined-cycle power generation. The syngas stream is also suitable as a chemical feedstock for ammonia and methanol production. In addition, the hydrogen can be recovered for use in a refinery.
Scrap tires: Black gold or fool`s gold?
Glaz, S.
Three years ago, a US EPA report estimated there were between 2 and 3 billion tires stockpiled in the US. Currently, according to the Scrap Tire Management Council (STMC, Washington, DC), the number of stockpiled tires totals 850 million. However, this reduction is not due to federal or state legislation; simply, the number was overestimated. Whatever the actual number, scrap tire mounds have been large enough to prompt 34 states to developed scrap tire funding programs aimed at eliminating the stockpiling of the some 250 million tires generated per year, while gradually eliminating the tires already stockpiled. However, of the 34 states, only Illinois, Oregon, Florida, Wisconsin, and Minnesota, are aggressively tackling the problem. In each of these five cases, state officials claim, the only viable way to reduce large quantities of tires quickly is through energy reuse, and, like any other disposal method, it costs money. To compensate for the costs of elimination, states are developing funding for scrap tire reduction programs by placing fees on tire disposal, tire purchase, or vehicle title transfer and registration.
Scrap-tire consumption in New England and New Jersey
Barad, A.
The disposal of scrap tires is one facet of the current solid waste dilemma that is currently receiving an increasing amount of attention in the northeast. Above-ground disposal in tire stockpiles has become a common phenomenon. One way to avoid continued stockpiling of scrap tires, and to reduce the number and size of existing piles, is to find ways to consume the tires. The economics of scrap tire consumption in the region has not yet been examined in great detail. The main goal of the paper is to describe the current pattern of scrap tire use and disposal in New England and New Jersey, and the changes expected in the near future. In the course of this description, various economic, regulatory and other factors emerge as significant forces shaping the consumption and disposal pattern. The concluding sections of the paper highlight some of these factors and identify policy options available to increase scrap tire consumption in the region.
Internal roll compression system
Anderson, Graydon E. (850 Latonka Dr., R.D. 4, Mercer, PA 16137)
This invention is a machine for squeezing water out of peat or other material of low tensile strength; the machine including an inner roll eccentrically positioned inside a tubular outer roll, so as to form a gradually increasing pinch area at one point therebetween, so that, as the rolls rotate, the material is placed between the rolls, and gets wrung out when passing through the pinch area.
Bridging the experience gap: Burning tires in a utility boiler
Denhof, D.
For many communities, a solution to waste tire management problems may be no farther than the nearest coal-fired utility or industrial boiler. Sending waste tires to be used as a fuel in existing boilers is one way communities can prevent tires from creating problems in landfills, or from growing into nuisances and potentially dangerous stockpiles while waiting for recycling markets to develop. For utilities, using tire-derived fuel can help control fuel costs and conserve coal. When the State of Wisconsin sought alternatives to disposing of waste tires in its landfills, Wisconsin Power & Light came forward to meet the challenge. Now, the electric utility is shredding and burning more than 1 million tires a year at its coal-fired generating station in southern Wisconsin.
Utilization of waste tires employing novel surface-modification technology
Bauman, B.D. (Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., Allentown, PA (USA))
Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. is developing unique technology for the recycle of scrap tires. The approach involves surface-modification of ground tire rubber particles to facilitate their incorporation into novel composites. This form of recycling represents the highest value-added and greatest energy conservation potential of all tire recycle technologies. Furthermore, it is environmentally innocuous. Research and development of this unique technology is partially funded through a cost-shared contract with the US Department of Energy. 4 figs.
Goodyear's Self-Regulating Tires Save Fuel, Improve Safety, Win...
on the environment. Addthis Related Articles This graphic shows how Goodyear's new Air Maintenance Technology -- also called the self-regulating tire -- works. | Graphic...
Tire shredding: An old tune with new lyrics
McAdams, C.L.
According to the U.S. EPA, 242 million scrap tires were generated in the U.S. in 1990. EPA estimates that 188 million were landfilled, stockpiled, or illegally dumped. Twenty-six million were burned for their energy value; 16 million were recycled; and 12 million were exported. An additional 33.5 million scrap tires were retreaded and 10 million were reused. It is also estimated that two to three billion scrap tires are already stockpiled in the U.S. To make matters even more complicated, tires are among a host of other materials now being banned from landfills.
Utilization and cost effectiveness of retread tires. Research report
Fleckenstein, J.; Allen, D.L.
This report discusses the possible utilization and cost effectiveness of using retreaded tires on state vehicles in Kentucky. Included is information obtained from a telephone survey of local companies and two state DOT agencies. Information was also obtained from a survey conducted on the AASHTO-VAN computer network. The report also contains a cost comparison of retread prices versus new tire prices.
Shredded tires and rubber-sand as lightweight backfill
Lee, J.H.; Salgado, R.; Lovell, C.W. [Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN (United States). School of Civil Engineering] [Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN (United States). School of Civil Engineering; Bernal, A. [GeoHidra, Caracas (Venezuela)] [GeoHidra, Caracas (Venezuela)
The growing interest in utilizing waste materials in civil engineering applications has opened the possibility of constructing reinforced soil structures with unconventional backfills. Scrap tires are a high-profile waste material for which several uses have been studied, including the use of shredded tires as backfill. A triaxial testing program was conducted to investigate the stress-strain relationship and strength of tire chips and a mixture of sand and tire chips. The test results and additional information from the literature were used in the numerical modeling of wall backfills, both unreinforced and reinforced with geosynthetics. The numerical modeling results suggest tire shreds, particularly when mixed with sand, may be effectively used as a backfill.
Scrap tire reuse through surface-modification technology
Bauman, B.D.
Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. is developing a novel approach for reusing scrap tire rubber. The process involves the combination of scrap tire rubber particles with other materials to form higher value and higher performance composites. The process begins by grinding scrap tire to a fine particle size, and removing steel and fabric. The key to this approach is a proprietary surface-modification step which is critical for enhancing the compatibility with and bonding to other continuous phase matrix materials. Of all approaches for scrap tire rubber reuse, this approach offers the potential to recover (or save) the greatest amount of energy. Furthermore, this is the only approach which is clearly economically viable with current pricing and without a scrap tire tax. The process is environmentally innocuous, and capital requirements for large scale processing plants are projected to be modest. 7 figs.
An unresolved riddle: Tire chips, two roadbeds, and spontaneous reactions
Nightingale, D.E.B.; Green, W.P. [Washington State Dept. of Ecology, Olympia, WA (United States)
Experience with road fills in Washington State constructed with thick layers of tire chips spontaneously burning has led to a decrease in tire chip use nationally. The field measurements and samples taken indicate that a pyrolitic reaction occurred at two roadfill sites in Washington State based on a comparison to know pyrolytic reactions in controlled settings. Pyrolysis in roadbeds containing tire chips is a new phenomena previously only found in open piles of processed tire chips. Because water and nutrients were introduced, iron oxidation, microbial digestion, and chemical oxidation are possible factors contributing to the pyrolytic reactions at the two Washington State sites. A new heat ignition theory from Japanese experiments suggests a theoretical answer to practical design depth limits in roadbeds and tire chip piles may be climate (air temperature) and depth dependent.
A statistical analysis of tire tread wear
Sperberg, Ronald Leigh
positions. Thexe was obvious significant interraction here me the tires change@ ~%tines framn front. to rear wheel positions tbe average ~ wae increased. This test wms assigned . to show. tbe. similax it@ be tween the different veriables. , ln... . this test, the first in , ' . ~etioa peri@4 wms-4ifferemt, from anT. . . of ahe other. yqrixmbx. Peri~ 8, Xy?an@ XV had similar effects on the weax pat- terns as 4M peri~ 2$, 2, ane! Rl. The ~steat simiiari- the 4th, 24th, 8th, 11th, 18th, Mth~ 15th...
Discussion of and reply to ``Processing of scrap tires: Technology and market applications``
Cosulich, J. [Los Angeles County Sanitation District, Whittier, CA (United States); Smisko, J. [County Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County, Commerce, CA (United States); Niessen, W.R. [Camp Dresser and McKee, Inc., Cambridge, MA (United States); Blumenthal, M.H. [Scrap Tire Management Council, Washington, DC (United States)
Publication of this paper by Michael H. Blumenthal provides an excellent overview of scrap tire market opportunities, processing options, and some legislative background. The authors present some comments and areas that need addition coverage or clarification. These include the following: durability of new tires made from recycled rubber; cost data; tire derived fuel; landfilling of tires; composition of tires; processing equipment; and processing problems. This article also contains Mr. Blumenthal`s reply to the comments and questions.
Vehicle Technologies Office Merit Review 2014: Roll-to-Roll Electrode...
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
Roll-to-Roll Electrode Processing NDE for Advanced Lithium Secondary Batteries Vehicle Technologies Office Merit Review 2014: Roll-to-Roll Electrode Processing NDE for Advanced...
Roll-to-Roll Electrode Processing and Materials NDE for Advanced...
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
& Publications Roll-to-Roll Electrode Processing and Materials NDE for Advanced Lithium Secondary Batteries Vehicle Technologies Office Merit Review 2014: Roll-to-Roll...
Study of the use of truck tire beads as drainage pipe and analysis of the economics of tire disposal in Oklahoma. Part 1. Culverts. Final report
Everett, J.W.; Gattis, J.L.
In an attempt to find alternate ways of dealing with waste truck tires, a private tire recycling company developed a pipe from the tire bead and sidewall. The tire-pipe has seen limited use as a roadway drainage culvert. To encourage wider use of this product, an evaluation of pipe performance was performed. The evaluation consisted of (1) inspections of existing installations; (2) structural tests; and (3) leakage tests. The study found that the majority of installations were performing well. Compared with corrugated steel and fiberglass pipes, the tire-pipe exhibited favorable structural performance. An individual tire-pipe section was found to be watertight. However, when tested in the open-air (not in the ground), the tire-pipe joints were found to leak. Development of an improved end connection would improve the utility of the tire-pipe.
Influence of different processing techniques on the mechanical properties of used tires in embankment construction
Edincliler, Ayse, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Earthquake Engineering, Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute, Bogazici University, Cengelkoy, 34684 Istanbul (Turkey); Baykal, Goekhan; Saygili, Altug [Civil Engineering Department, Bogazici University, 34342 Istanbul (Turkey)
Use of the processed used tires in embankment construction is becoming an accepted way of beneficially recycling scrap tires due to shortages of natural mineral resources and increasing waste disposal costs. Using these used tires in construction requires an awareness of the properties and the limitations associated with their use. The main objective of this paper is to assess the different processing techniques on the mechanical properties of used tires-sand mixtures to improve the engineering properties of the available soil. In the first part, a literature study on the mechanical properties of the processed used tires such as tire shreds, tire chips, tire buffings and their mixtures with sand are summarized. In the second part, large-scale direct shear tests are performed to evaluate shear strength of tire crumb-sand mixtures where information is not readily available in the literature. The test results with tire crumb were compared with the other processed used tire-sand mixtures. Sand-used tire mixtures have higher shear strength than that of the sand alone and the shear strength parameters depend on the processing conditions of used tires. Three factors are found to significantly affect the mechanical properties: normal stress, processing techniques, and the used tire content.
Activated carbon adsorbents from waste tires for air quality control
Lehmann, C.M.B.; Rostam-Abadi, M.; Rood, M.J.; Hsi, H.C.
This study evaluates methodologies for utilizing waste tire rubber to produce carbonaceous adsorbents for use in air quality control operations. Such an approach provides a two-fold environmental and economic benefit. A recycling path is developed for waste tire rubber and new adsorbents are produced from a low cost feedstock for use in environmentally-related operations. Bench-scale and pilot-scale quantities of tire-derived activated carbon (TDAC) were produced from waste tire rubber. Raw tire rubber samples and devolatilized tire char were obtained from several US vendors. The raw samples were analyzed using proximate, ultimate, and elemental analyses. Batches of activated carbon samples were prepared using a bench-scale fixed-tubular reactor to prepare {approximately}10 g samples and a fluidized-bed reactor to prepare {approximately}100 g quantities. About 25 kg of activated carbon was also produced at a pilot-scale commercial facility. The resulting TDACs were then characterized by nitrogen adsorption at 77K. The sample surface areas were determined by the BET method, and the pore size distribution (PSD) was evaluated using the BJH model, and a 3-D PSD model. Performance of the TDACs was evaluated in their ability to remove gaseous mercury species from simulated power-plant flue-gas streams, and for the removal of organic compounds (e.g., acetone and 1,1,1-trichloroethane) from flowing gas streams.
Lavernia, E.J.; Delplanque, J-P; McHugh, K.M.
Spray forming is a competitive low-cost alternative to ingot metallurgy for manufacturing ferrous and non-ferrous alloy shapes. It produces materials with a reduced number of processing steps, while maintaining materials properties, with the possibility of near-net-shape manufacturing. However, there are several hurdles to large-scale commercial adoption of spray forming: 1) ensuring strip is consistently flat, 2) eliminating porosity, particularly at the deposit/substrate interface, and 3) improving material yield. Through this program, a new strip/sheet casting process, termed spray rolling, has been developed, which is an innovative manufacturing technique to produce aluminum net-shape products. Spray rolling combines the benefits of twin-roll casting and conventional spray forming, showing a promising potential to overcome the above hurdles associated with spray forming. Spray rolling requires less energy and generates less scrap than conventional processes and, consequently, enables the development of materials with lower environmental impacts in both processing and final products. Spray Rolling was developed as a collaborative project between the University of California-Davis, the Colorado School of Mines, the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, and an industry team. The following objectives of this project were achieved: (1) Demonstration of the feasibility of the spray rolling process at the bench-scale level and evaluation of the materials properties of spray rolled aluminum strip alloys; and (2) Demonstration of 2X scalability of the process and documentation of technical hurdles to further scale up and initiate technology transfer to industry for eventual commercialization of the process.
Emissions from burning tire-derived fuel (TDF): Comparison of batch combustion of tire chips and continuous combustion of tire crumb mixed with coal
Levendis, Y.A.; Atal, A. [Northeastern Univ., Boston, MA (United States); Carlson, J.B. [Army Natick R, Natick, MA (United States)
This laboratory study investigated the emissions of waste automobile tire-derived fuel (TDF). This fuel was burned in two different modes, either segmented in small pieces (tire chunks) or in pulverized form (tire crumb). Tire chunks were burned in fixed beds in batch mode in a horizontal furnace. Tire crumb was burned in a continous flow mode, dispersed in air, either alone or mixed with pulverized coal, in a verical furnace. The gas flow was laminar, the gas temperature was 1000{degrees}C in all cases, and the residence times of the combustion products in the furnaces were similar. Chunks of waste tires had dimensions in the range of 3-9 {mu}m, tire crumb was size-classified to be 180-212 {mu}m and the high volatile bituminous coal, used herein, was 63-75. The fuel mass loading in the furnaces was varied. The following emissions were monitored at the exit of the furnaces: CO, CO{sub 2}, NO{sub x} polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and particulates. Results showed that combustion of TDF in fixed beds resulted in large yields (emissions per mass of fuel burned) of CO, soot and PAHs. Such yields increased with the size of the bed. CO, soot and PAHs yields from batch combustion of fixed beds of coal were lower by more than an order of magnitude than those from fixed beds of TDF. Continuous pulverized fuel combustion of TDF (tire crumb) resulted in dramatically lower yields of CO, soot and PAHs than those from batch combustion, especially when TDF was mixed with pulverized coal. To the contrary, switching the mode of combustion of coal (from fixed beds to pulverized fuel) did not result in large differences in the aforementioned emissions. CO{sub 2}, and, especially, NO{sub x} yields from batch combustion of TDF were lower than those from coal. Emissions of NO{sub x} were somewhat lower from batch combustion than from pulverized fuel combustion of TDF and coal.
Commercial assessment of roll to roll manufacturing of electronic displays
Randolph, Michael Aaron
The cost of manufacturing electronic displays currently limits the range of applications and markets into which it is currently economically feasible to adopt displays. Roll-to-roll manufacturing has been identified by the ...
Assessment of Tire Technologies and Practices for Potential Waste and Energy Use Reductions
Lutsey, Nicholas P.; Regnier, Justin; Burke, Andy; Melaina, Marc W; Bremson, Joel; Keteltas, Michael
Tire Tire Material Synthetic rubber Natural rubber Carbon2-methyl-1,3-butadiene). Synthetic rubber is produced fromThe main ingredients for synthetic rubber are styrene and
Development of asphalts and pavements using recycled tire rubber. Phase 1: technical feasibility. Final report
Bullin, J.A.; Davison, R.R.; Glover, C.J. [and others
This report documents the technical progress made on the development of asphalts and pavements using recycled tire rubber.
Dynamic Friction Models for Longitudinal Road/Tire Interaction: Theoretical Advances
Tsiotras, Panagiotis
Dynamic Friction Models for Longitudinal Road/Tire Interaction: Theoretical Advances C. Canudas we derive a new dynamic friction force model for the longitudinal road/tire interaction for wheeled-point friction problems, called the LuGre model [1]. By assuming a con- tact patch between the tire
LARGE SCALE DIRECT SHEAR TESTING WITH TIRE BALES By: Christopher J. LaRocque1
Zornberg, Jorge G.
2 , Advisor Abstract: There are growing environmental interests in the utilization of recycled tireLARGE SCALE DIRECT SHEAR TESTING WITH TIRE BALES By: Christopher J. LaRocque1 and Jorge G. Zornberg bales for civil engineering applications. Due to their lightweight and free-draining properties, tire
Clogging Potential of Tire Shred-Drainage Layer in Landfill Cover Systems Krishna R. Reddy
, drainage, hydraulic conductivity, landfill, recycling, tires #12;3 Introduction Over 280 million used1 Clogging Potential of Tire Shred-Drainage Layer in Landfill Cover Systems Krishna R. Reddy of shredded scrap tire drainage layers in landfill covers. Laboratory clogging tests were conducted using soil
Beneficial Use of Shredded Tires as Drainage Material in Cover Systems for Abandoned Landfills
; Landfills; Recycling; Slope stability; Drainage. Author keywords: Waste tires; Landfill cover; DrainageBeneficial Use of Shredded Tires as Drainage Material in Cover Systems for Abandoned Landfills Krishna R. Reddy1 ; Timothy D. Stark2 ; and Aravind Marella3 Abstract: Over 280 million tires
Triaxial determination of shear strength of tire chips
Wu, W.Y.; Benda, C.C.; Cauley, R.F. [Vermont Agency of Transportation, Montpelier, VT (United States)
Triaxial compression tests following stress paths of constant {sigma}{sub 1} were conducted to determine the shear strength of five processed scrap tire products having different gradations and particle shapes. The interparticle frictional component was separated from the total shear strength according to the energy correction concept proposed by researchers. The experimental results show that all five tire chip products have ultimate internal friction angles of 45{degree} to over 60{degree}. The interparticle frictional component of the strength was fully mobilized and nearly reached a constant value after approximately 5% axial strain. The experimental results confirmed that the strength parameter obtained with constant {sigma}{sub 1} was more reasonable. This finding is supported by field observation in which the tire chips have an angle of repose ranging from 37{degree} to 43{degree} (loosely stock piled) and up to 85{degree} (compacted). The engineering applications of the experimental results are discussed.
Recycling tires. (Latest citations from Pollution Abstracts). Published Search
The bibliography contains citations concerning the technology and economic advantages of scrap tire recycling. The application of crumb rubber in the production of asphalt paving, floor-coverings, high performance composites, and other products is described. The production of fuels from scrap tires is also discussed. Legislation which promotes recycling, and the roles of government and the private sector in developing new markets and expanding existing markets are included.(Contains 50-250 citations and includes a subject term index and title list.) (Copyright NERAC, Inc. 1995)
Recycling tires. (Latest citations from Pollution abstracts). Published Search
Not Available
The bibliography contains citations concerning the technology and economic advantages of scrap tire recycling. The application of crumb rubber in the production of asphalt paving, floor-coverings, high performance composites, and other products is described. The production of fuels from scrap tires is also discussed. Legislation which promotes recycling, and the roles of government and the private sector in developing new markets and expanding existing markets are included. (Contains a minimum of 76 citations and includes a subject term index and title list.)
Recycling tires. (Latest citations from Pollution abstracts). NewSearch
Not Available
The bibliography contains citations concerning the technology and economic advantages of scrap tire recycling. The application of crumb rubber in the production of asphalt paving, floor-coverings, high performance composites, and other products is described. The production of fuels from scrap tires is also discussed. Legislation which promotes recycling, and the roles of government and the private sector in developing new markets and expanding existing markets are included. (Contains a minimum of 83 citations and includes a subject term index and title list.)
Recycling tires. (Latest citations from Pollution Abstracts). Published Search
The bibliography contains citations concerning the technology and economic advantages of scrap tire recycling. The application of crumb rubber in the production of asphalt paving, floor-coverings, high performance composites, and other products is described. The production of fuels from scrap tires is also discussed. Legislation which promotes recycling, and the roles of government and the private sector in developing new markets and expanding existing markets are included.(Contains 50-250 citations and includes a subject term index and title list.) (Copyright NERAC, Inc. 1995)
Scrap tire management in the New York/Mid Atlantic region
Blumenthal, M. [Scrap Tire Management Council, Washington, DC (United States)
The Scrap Tire Management Council (STMC) is a North American tire manufactures sponsored, advocacy organization, created to identify and promote environmentally and economically sound markets for scrap tires. The primary goal of the Council is to assist in the creation of demand for 100 percent of the annually generated scrap tires in the United States. Based on current market demand and projected market growth, we envision the primary goal to be met by the turn of the century. A national overview of the scrap tire situation is presented, and then the situations in New York/Mid Atlantic region are discussed.
Geotechnical investigation of the potential use of shredded scrap tires in soil stabilization. Final report
Shakoor, A.; Chu, C.J.
Silt-tire and clay-tire mixtures, containing 0% to 100% shredded tire material by weight, with tire chips ranging in size from 7mm--13mm, 13mm--25mm, and 25mm--38mm, were tested for a series of engineering properties including compaction characteristics, permeability, unconfined compressive strength, friction angle, cohesion, and compression index. In addition, the leachate samples from shredded tire material, soil-tire mixtures, and a test embankment, containing 70% clay and 30% shredded tire material by weight, were analyzed for chemical composition. The results show that density and unconfined compressive strength decrease, and permeability increases, with increasing shredded tire content for both soil types and all three tire sizes used in the study. In general, the addition of shredded tire material improves the friction angle for both silt and clay by a few degrees but also increases their compression index values. The results of leachate analyses show that concentrations of trace elements from soil-tire mixtures are less than the maximum allowed contaminant levels specified in United States Environmental Protection Agency`s regulations.
Use of shredded tires in the subbase layer of asphalt pavements
Papp, W.J. Jr.; Maher, M.H. [Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ (United States). Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering; Baker, R.F. [New Jersey Dept. of Transportation, Trenton, NJ (United States)
Research was conducted on the use of shredded scrap tires for use in the subbase layer of asphalt pavements. Mixtures of shredded scrap tires with virgin soil provide a means of recycling unwanted tires and conserving a finite supply of virgin soil. The mechanistic procedure for the design of pavement systems requires resilient modulus values. Plastic and elastic strains were measured using external LVDT`s and internal proximity sensors. Resilient modulus measurements were conducted on cohesionless soils mixed with various amounts of shredded tire chips. The performance f the shredded tire mixture is compared to that of the naturally occurring virgin soil used in subbase applications in New Jersey. A number of experimental issues are discussed such as: method of compaction, optimum ratio of shredded tire chips to soil, optimum size and gradation of shredded tire chips, and strength testing using California Bearing Ratio.
The use of scrap tires in rotary cement kilns
Blumenthal, M. [Scrap Tire Management Council, Washington, DC (United States)
The use of scrap tires as a supplemental fuel in the United States Portland cement industry has increased significantly in the past six years. In 1990, there were two kilns using tire-derived fuel (TDF), today 30 kilns use TDF. The outlook for continued and expanded use of TDF in the U.S. cement industry should be considered favorable, with 15 kilns conducting tests to determine TDF`s applicability or in the permitting process. The Council`s estimates are that by the end of 1996, the cement industry could be consuming some 75-100 million of the 253 million annually generated scrap tires in the United States. This level of TDF usage will make the cement industry the largest market segments for scrap tires in the United States. While the long-term outlook is at present positive, there are a series of factors that have, and will likely continue to adversely impact the near-term usage of TDF. These issues, as well as the factors that are likely to positively impact the cement kiln TDF market are the subject of this presentation.
Principal Research Engineer Cooper Tire and Rubber Company,
Fatemi, Ali
W. V. Mars Principal Research Engineer Cooper Tire and Rubber Company, 701 Lima Ave., Findlay, Ohio Natural Rubber Under Monotonic and Cyclic Multiaxial Stress States This work explores the monotonic and cyclic behaviors of filled, natural rubber. Results of stress-strain experiments conducted under stress
H. R. 3059: A bill to establish a scrap tire trust fund to provide financial assistance to States to eliminate current scrap tire piles and to manage the future disposal of scrap tires, introduced in the US House of Representatives, One Hundred Second Congress, First Session, July 25, 1991
Not Available
This bill was introduced into the US House of Representatives on July 25, 1991 to establish a scrap tire trust fund to provide financial assistance to states to eliminate current scrap tire piles and to manage the future disposal of scrap tires. Amounts from the fund will be available for making expenditures for purposes of conducting surveys of current scrap tire piles, developing tire management plans, and carrying out plans relating to the reduction and elimination of existing scrap tire piles, including recycling, recovering, and reusing scrap tires. Not in excess to 5% of the account may be used for payment of expenses for administration of the fund.
Numerical model for the vacuum pyrolysis of scrap tires in batch reactors
Yang, J.; Tanguy, P.A.; Roy, C. [Univ. Laval, Quebec, PQ (Canada). Dept. de Genie Chimique] [Univ. Laval, Quebec, PQ (Canada). Dept. de Genie Chimique
A quantitative model for scrap tire pyrolysis in a batch scale reactor developed comprises the following basic phenomena: conduction inside tire particles; conduction, convection, and radiation between the feedstock particles or between the fluids and the particles; tire pyrolysis reaction; exothermicity and endothermicity caused by tire decomposition and volatilization; and the variation of the composition and the thermal properties of tire particles. This model was used to predict the transient temperature and density distributions in the bed of particles, the volatile product evolution rate, the mass change, the energy consumption during the pyrolysis process, and the pressure history in a tire pyrolysis reactor with a load of 1 kg. The model predictions agree well with independent experimental data.
Producing ground scrap tire rubber: A comparison between ambient and cryogenic technologies
Blumenthal, M.H. [Scrap Tire Management Council, Washington, DC (United States)
Prior to 1985, few, if any scrap tires were processed. The Minnesota program changed all that. The equipment first introduced to process scrap tires consisted of redesigned wood or metal shredders. The performance of these systems left much to be desired. In the past 10 years, many companies and equipment systems, designed especially for scrap tires, have come into existence. Until recently, scrap tires were typically processed by ambient systems. These systems consist of a mechanical process, which cuts and or grinds whole tire rubber into the desired sized particle at room temperatures. Historically, producing ground rubber, like all other rubber processing, was done by an ambient processes system. Within the last several years, cryogenic processing of scrap tires has been introduced for the preparation of ground rubber. In the cryogenic process, rubber is introduced into a bath of liquid nitrogen, instantly freezing the rubber. Once embrittled, the rubber is struck with an impact devise, effectively shattering the rubber.
Method for recycling tires and similarly compounded materials to recover usable constituents
Letsch, W.
A processing plant and method are described for processing scrap tires and similar materials containing a mixture of technical rubber, scrap metal and tire cord in which the plant is essentially vehicular and thus eliminates the necessity of hauling accumulated tires long distances with the accompanying costs. The plant includes means for directing mixed tire sizes to a cyrogenic section where the technical rubber is reduced to a sufficient temperature making it brittle so that initial separation of reusable technical rubber is accomplished; the plant is operated essentially on the reusable by-products of pyrolytic reduction of the tires so that hydrocarbons and heated gas are utilized and additional commercial by-products such as commercial soots, metal and tire beads are obtained.
Evaluation of synergy in tire rubber-coal coprocessing
Mastral, A.M.; Mayoral, M.C.; Murillo, R.; Callen, M.; Garcia, T.; Tejero, M.P.; Torres, N. [CSIC, Zaragoza (Spain). Inst. de Carboquimica] [CSIC, Zaragoza (Spain). Inst. de Carboquimica
The tire rubber-coal synergy is evaluated through the different roles that rubber can have in coprocessing systems. For that, two different experimental designs were used: a swept fixed-bed reactor and tubing bomb minireactors. In this way, coal was coprocessed with rubber liquids from rubber pyrolysis and rubber hydrogenation, in a hydrogen atmosphere at 400 C. Coal was mixed as well with rubber in different proportions and hydrogenated at 375, 400, and 425 C, and oils obtained were characterized by thin-layer chromatography to obtain hydrocarbon type composition. Rubber behavior was compared to each of the main components of tires, and all the results indicated that the slight synergy found can be due to the small free radicals from vulcanized rubber decomposition, which are able to stabilize coal radicals to light products.
Scrap tire recycling: Promising high value applications. Final report
Bauman, B.D.; Leskovyansky, P.J.; Drela, H.
Surface modification of scrap tire rubber (rubber particles treated with chlorine gas) show promise for ameliorating the scrap tire problem (the treated rubber can be used as a component in high- performance, expensive polymer systems). The process has been proven in Phase I. Phase II covers market/applications, process development (Forberg-design mixer reactor was chosen), plant design, capital cost estimate, economics environmental/safety/health, and energy impact. Almost of the small amount of chlorine is consumed. The capital costs for a rubber particle treatment facility are attractive, being at least two orders of magnitude less than that of facilities for making new polymer materials. Large volume markets using treated rubber are needed. The amount of scrap rubber available is small compared to the polymers available for replacement. 7 tabs, 16 figs.
Surface-modification technology for scrap tire reuse
Not Available
This technical briefing report describes the DOE-Air Products project to develop the surface-modification technology for scrap tire rubber. It introduces the technology; discusses the project history, status, and feasibility studies; and reviews the potential benefits of the technology with respect to energy use and economics. Prelimary analyses indicate energy savings of approximately 60,000 Btu/lb by substituting surface-modified rubber in polyurethane systems.
Characterization of chars from coal-tire copyrolysis
Mastral, A.M.; Callen, M.S.; Murillo, R. [CSIC, Zaragoza (Spain). Inst. de Carboquimica] [CSIC, Zaragoza (Spain). Inst. de Carboquimica; Alvarez, R.; Clemente, C. [UM, Madrid (Spain). ETS de Ingenieros de Minas] [UM, Madrid (Spain). ETS de Ingenieros de Minas
The objective of this work is the characterization of the solid conversion product from coal-tire copyrolysis because, nowadays, any new process should be faced without resolving the problem of the subproducts generated. A low-rank coal and a nonspecific mixture of scrap automotive tires, 50/50 w/w, have been coprocessed at 400 C for 30 min at different H{sub 2} pressures and atmospheres. Once the most valuable conversion products, the liquids, were recovered by tetrahydrofuran extraction, a complementary battery of analytical techniques was applied to characterize the solids or chars, looking for their possible use. {sup 13}C nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, immediate and ultimate analyses, ASA, and scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry were performed on them. By X-ray diffractometry the presence of sphalerite, pyrrhotite, and anhydrite was detected. Thermogravimetric studies demonstrated that the combustion induction temperature is 400 C. Char combustion tests at 900 C with discussion of NO{sub x}, SO{sub x}, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions are included. Mineral matter behaves as if only coal is processed with the Zn exception, from ZnO in the tire, which is converted into ZnS. It is shown that the char organic component has a higher aromaticity than the one from coal.
Statewide plan for utilization of scrap tires in Kansas. Final report, September 1993-May 1995
Nelson, R.G.; Hossain, M.
This study was conducted to determine the current and future supply of scrap tire rubber and the feasibility of using scrap tires in Kansas for various purposes. The goal was to determine if a sufficient quantity of recycled rubber existed and what the cost would be to meet the ISTEA (Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act) requirements for 1995 and thereafter. The four tasks included in the study were: surveying scrap tire utilization plans in other states; inventory scrap tires in Kansas; estimating scrap tire generation in the future; and determiming cost effectiveness of various uses of scrap tires. Currently there are 4.5 to 5.5 million scrap tires in Kansas and the annual generation of scrap tires is estimated to be 2 to 3 million. The ISTEA mandate would require an estimated 367,000 scrap tires be recycled annually. KDOT has used more rubber in 1993 and 1994 than will be required by 1997 when the 20% required by ISTEA is in effect.
Analysis of roll gap heat transfers in hot steel strip rolling through roll temperature sensors and heat transfer models
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Analysis of roll gap heat transfers in hot steel strip rolling through roll temperature sensors and heat transfer models N. Legrand1,a , N. Labbe1,b D. Weisz-Patrault2,c , A. Ehrlacher2,d , T. Luks3,e heat transfers during pilot hot steel strip rolling. Two types of temperature sensors (drilled and slot
Rolling Process Modeling Report: Finite-Element Prediction of Roll Separating Force and Rolling Defects
Soulami, Ayoub; Lavender, Curt A.; Paxton, Dean M.; Burkes, Douglas
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) has been investigating manufacturing processes for the uranium-10% molybdenum (U-10Mo) alloy plate-type fuel for the U.S. high-performance research reactors. This work supports the Convert Program of the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration (DOE/NNSA) Global Threat Reduction Initiative. This report documents modeling results of PNNL's efforts to perform finite-element simulations to predict roll separating forces and rolling defects. Simulations were performed using a finite-element model developed using the commercial code LS-Dyna. Simulations of the hot rolling of U-10Mo coupons encapsulated in low-carbon steel have been conducted following two different schedules. Model predictions of the roll-separation force and roll-pack thicknesses at different stages of the rolling process were compared with experimental measurements. This report discusses various attributes of the rolled coupons revealed by the model (e.g., dog-boning and thickness non-uniformity).
Dynamic Friction Models for Longitudinal Road/Tire Interaction: Experimental Results
Tsiotras, Panagiotis
Dynamic Friction Models for Longitudinal Road/Tire Interaction: Experimental Results C. Canudas dynamic friction force model for the longitudinal road/tire interaction for wheeled ground vehicles is val- idated via experiments with an actual passenger vehicle. Contrary to common static friction/slip maps
Copyright 2013 Clemson University 1 Clemson Tire Industry Conference -April 24 26, 2013
Bolding, M. Chad
: TECHNOLOGY AND PRODUCTS: Moderator: Harvey Bordsky, Managing Director, Retread Tire Association toward the standard minimum. Due to the many influential factors leading to automobile accidents and international economic conditions in the major tire producing areas of the world  namely, Asia including Japan
Removal of polychlorinated phenols in sequential anaerobic-aerobic biofilm reactors packed with tire chips
Shin, H.S.; Yoo, K.S.; Park, J.K.
Scrap vehicle tire chips were used as packing material for sequential anaerobic-aerobic biofilm reactors to remove persistent chlorinated hydrocarbons. Adsorption capacity of scrap tires was greater under acidic conditions than under basic conditions. However, it was only approximately 0.04 to 0.3% of that of activated carbon. The amount of biomass that attached to the surface of scrap tires was 3.16 and 3.72 mg volatile suspended solids/cm{sup 2} after 14 and 37 days, respectively. Two laboratory-scale, down-flow anaerobic-aerobic biofilm reactors packed with tire chips were operated to remove 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP) and 4-chlorophenol (CP). More than 98% of DCP was dehalogenated to CP in the anaerobic reactor, 70 to 98% of which was subsequently degraded in the aerobic reactor. Scrap tires did not cause any operational problems when used as biofilter media.
Pyrolysis of scrap tires: Can it be profitable?
Wojtowicz, M.A.; Serio, M.A.
Pyrolysis--the thermal degradation in the absence of oxygen--is one way to reprocess scrap tires. The products are fuel gas, oils, and a solid residue (char), which contains appreciable quantities of mineral matter and low-grade carbon black. The three products have comparable yields by weight. The two most important factors affecting process economics are the tipping fees charged for tire disposal and the selling prices of the products. Selling prices of the products yield low returns because of the low market value of the fuels and the low quality of the recovered char or carbon black. Therefore, to obtain a positive cash flow, it would be desirable to develop a process based on the recovery of value-added products such as high-grade carbon black, activated carbon, or valuable chemicals (e.g., benzene, toluene, and xylene). The authors believe that significant improvement in the economics can be accomplished by upgrading the primary pyrolysis products to secondary products of higher value.
Recycling of plastic and rubber tire waste in asphalt pavements
Morrison, G.R.; Lee, N.K.; Hesp, S.A.M. [Queen`s Univ., Kingston, Ontario (Canada). Dept. of Chemistry
This paper discusses some important issues related to the use of recycled thermoplastics and rubber tire waste in asphalt binders for hot-mix pavements. Both high temperature rheological and low temperature fracture studies are presented on recycled polyethylene, devulcanized and crumb rubber-modified asphalt binders. The results are compared to unmodified and commercially available modified binders. This research is especially timely in light of the US Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991, Section 1038 which, starting in 1995, will force state and local governments to use significant amounts of recycled rubber tire or plastic waste in federally funded highway projects. High temperature rheological measurements of the loss modulus, loss tangent and complex modulus show a significant improvement when only small quantities of crumb rubber, devulcanized crumb rubber or waste polyethylene are added to the asphalt binders. The low temperature fracture performance of the modified asphalts is greatly influenced by the interfacial strength between the dispersed and continuous phase. The fracture toughness increases dramatically, only when low molecular weight polymers are grafted in-situ onto the rubber and polymer dispersed phases in order to strength the interface. This points to a crack-pinning mechanism as being responsible for the dramatic increase in fracture toughness that is observed in this work. Single phase, devulcanized crumb rubber-asphalt systems perform quite poorly at low temperatures.
Regulatory impacts and affects of emissions of the combustion of scrap tires
Karell, M.A.; Blumenthal, M.H.
Scrap tires have several advantages as a fuel for combustion. Combustion of scrap tires as a supplement to existing fuel is an economically viable alternative. In addition, policies that would reduce the growing stockpiles of scrap tires would also reduce its potential environmental hazards (emissions of toxic compounds from arson-caused fires and breeding ground for disease-carrying insects). The growing number of industrial applications as a supplemental fuel include cement kilns, the pulp and paper industry, and utility boilers. A growing body of studies of air emissions from scrap tire and tire-derived fuel (TDF-) supplemented combustion has been conducted over the past decade. For some pollutants and applications, co-combustion with TDF has been shown to decrease emissions. This paper summarizes trends in the effects of supplementing combustion with TDF on emissions of different pollutants. At the same time, scrap tire and TDF combustion are not currently regulated by a specific NSPS or MACT standard because these standards typically regulate an emission unit, not a fuel type. The USEPA is currently debating how to regulate facilities which supplement their combustion with scrap tires. This paper discusses some options that the USEPA is considering.
X-ray characterization of tire derived particles resulting from different solvents
Cummings, R.C.; Smithhart, C.B.; Quin, J.; Wertz, D.L. [Univ. of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS (United States)
Currently, 200 million scrap tires are being annually stockpiled, landfilled, or illegally dumped, with ca. 50 million scrap tires being recycled in a variety of ways. The current disposal methods are causing numerous short-term environmental problems. Whole tires occupy large amounts of space and may {open_quotes}float{close_quotes} or rise to the top of landfills, causing puncturing of the landfill cover. In an attempt to prevent floating, many landfills require that the scrap tires be shredded, a process which is energy intensive and wasteful. Scrap tire stock piles produce large health risks by providing a place for rodents and mosquitos to breed -- aiding in the spread of diseases. Large stockpile fires have also broken out in major cities in Florida, Texas, Virginia, and Washington. These fires are long lasting and produce unwanted smoke into the environment. For many reasons, the recycling of scrap tires is desirable. This paper describes the processing of scrap tires by several liquids and acids.
Test burning of tire-derived fuel in solid fuel combustors
Dennis, D.C. [Monsanto Copany, Sauget, IL (United States)
This study was commissioned to determine the overall viability of utilizing scrap tire chips, known as tire-derived fuel (TDF), as a supplemental fuel in conventional coal-fired boilers. The study involved actual tests at Monsanto Company`s W.G. Krummrich Plant in Sauget, Illinois, as well as general extrapolations as to the feasibility of using TDF at other sites. This report will show that TDF can be an excellent supplemental fuel supply, providing a cost-effective fuel source while helping to alleviate the dilemma of scrap tire disposal.
Chemi-microbial processing of waste tire rubber: A project overview
Romine, R.A.; Snowden-Swan, L.
PNL is developing a method to use thiophillic microorganisms to devulcanize (biodesulfurize) the surface of ground rubber particles, which will improve the bonding and adhesion of the ground tire rubber into the virgin tire rubber matrix. The Chemi-microbial processing approach, introduced in this paper, is targeted at alleviating the waste tire problem in an environmentally conscious manner; it may also be applied to improve asphaltic materials and rubber and polymeric wastes to facilite their recycling. This paper outlines the logic and technical methods that will be used.
Recovery and evaluation of the solid products produced by thermocatalytic decomposition of tire rubber compounds
Liang, Lan
and carbon blacks for reuse. It is noted that molten salts, especially aluminum chloride (AlCl3), of which the base metal has an electron structure t 4 requirement with the polymer undergoing decomposition, can act as catalysts for decomposing tire... rubbers.10 The fact that molten salt catalysis can be used to decompose tire rubbers has been known for several decades.11-12 However, to date no literature reports a successful commercial catalytic conversion process for the disposal of scrap tires...
Epoxy composites based on inexpensive tire waste filler
Ahmetli, Gulnare, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Gungor, Ahmet, E-mail: email@example.com; Kocaman, Suheyla, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Selcuk University, 42031 Konya (Turkey)
Tire waste (TW) was recycled as raw material for the preparation of DGEBA-type epoxy composite materials. The effects of filler amount and epoxy type on the mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. Tensile strength and Young's modulus of the composites with NPEL were generally higher than composites with NPEF. The appropriate mass level for TW in both type composites was found to be 20 wt%. The equilibrium water sorption of NPEL/TW and NPEF/TW composites for 14-day immersion was determined as 0.10 % and 0.21 %, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used for characterization of the composites.
Utilization of surface-treated rubber particles from waste tires
Smith, F.G. [Argonne National Lab., IL (United States). Energy Systems Div.]|[Environmental Technologies Alternatives, Inc., Lima, OH (United States)
During a 12-month program, the author successfully demonstrated commercial applications for surface-treated rubber particles in two major markets: footwear (shoe soles and components) and urethane-foam carpet underlay (padding). In these markets, he has clearly demonstrated the ease of using R-4080 and R-4030 surface-treated rubber particles in existing manufacturing plants and processes and have shown that the material meets or exceeds existing standards for performance, quality, and cost-effectiveness. To produce R-4080 and R-4030, vulcanized rubber, whole-tire material is finely ground to particles of nominal 80 and mesh size respectively. Surface treatment is achieved by reacting these rubber particles with chlorine gas. In this report, the author describes the actual test and evaluations of the participant companies, and identifies other potential end uses.
Fact #763: January 21, 2013 Eighty-four Percent of Scrapped Tires...
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
the recycled tires were used to make fuel for industries such as pulp and paper mills, cement kilns, and electric utilities. Ground rubber, which is used for sports surfacing,...
Camera that takes pictures of aircraft and ground vehicle tires can save lives
Wiseman, Yair
;Camera that takes pictures of aircraft and ground vehicle tires can save lives Yair Wiseman Holon Institute of Technology Computer Science Department Holon 58102, Israel E-mail: wiseman
Assessment of Tire Technologies and Practices for Potential Waste and Energy Use Reductions
Lutsey, Nicholas P.; Regnier, Justin; Burke, Andy; Melaina, Marc W; Bremson, Joel; Keteltas, Michael
natural rubber and 20% silica the material production energyno natural rubber or silica filler, the material productionrubber and silica content of the tire, both of which have lower production
Formation of dl-limonene in used tire vacuum pyrolysis oils. [dipentene
Pakdel, H.; Roy, C.; Aubin, H.; Jean, G. (Univ. Lavel, Sainte-Foy, Quebec (Canada)); Coulombe, S. (CANMET, Varennes, Quebec (Canada))
Tire recycling has become an important environmental issue recently due to the huge piles of tires that threaten the environment. Thermal decomposition of tire, a synthetic rubber material, enables the recovery of carbon black and liquid hydrocarbon oils. Both have potential economic values. Pyrolysis oils obtained under vacuum conditions contain a significant portion of a volatile, naptha-like fraction with an octane number similar to petroleum naphtha fraction, in addition, contains approximately 15% limonene. Potential applications of vacuum pyrolysis oil and carbon black have been investigated. However, the process economics is greatly influenced by the quality of the oil and carbon black products. This paper discusses limonene formation during used tire vacuum pyrolysis and its postulated reaction mechanism. The limonene separation method from pyrolysis oil, as well as its purification in laboratory scale, and structural characterization are discussed. Large-scale limonene separation and purification is under investigation.
Optimization of scrap tire pyrolysis using a continuous-feed steam environment
Burrell, T.W.; Frank, S.R.; Rich, M.L. [Univ. of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA (United States)] [and others
Estimates of the generation of scrap tires produced in the United States are on the order of 2 million tons per year. Although these tires contain a high percentage of useful hydrocarbons, steel and carbon black, approximately 70% are not effectively recycled. Recently, pyrolytic recycling of scrap tire (thermal decomposition in the absence of O{sub 2}) is receiving renewed interest because of its ability to produce valuable hydrocarbon products. We have developed a process which permits a continuous feed processing of scrap tires in a non-combustible stream environment. This system utilizes a soft seal system that operates at atmospheric pressures while minimizing any fugitive emissions. This process increases the efficiency and control of present approaches by lowering the energy requirements while maximizing the collection of valuable products. Initial bench-scale results will be presented.
Water quality effects of tire chip fills placed above the groundwater table
Humphrey, D.N.; Katz, L.E. [Univ. of Maine, Orono, ME (United States). Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering; Blumenthal, M. [Scrap Tire Management Council, Washington, DC (United States)
Two field trials were constructed to investigate the effect on water quality of tire chip fills placed above the groundwater table. Control wells were used to distinguish the substances naturally present in groundwater from those that leached from tire chips. There was no evidence that tire chips increased the level of substances that have a primary drinking water standard. In addition, there was no evidence that tire chips increased the levels of aluminum, zinc, chloride or sulfate which have secondary (aesthetic) drinking water standards. Under some conditions iron levels may exceed their secondary standard. It is likely that manganese levels will exceed their secondary standard, however, manganese is naturally present in groundwater in many areas. Two sets of samples were tested for organics. Results were below the method detection limit for all compounds.
Design of a bench-scale apparatus for processing carbon black derived from scrap tires
Woodrow, Philip Travis
The focus of this work is to design a bench-scale apparatus, for laboratory applications, that will perform solid processing operations for carbon black obtained through the thermal catalytic depolymerization of scrap tires. These operations...
Tribological Testing of Anti-Adhesive coatings for Cold Rolling Mill Rolls--Application to TiN-Coated Rolls
Ould, Choumad; Montmitonnet, Pierre [Ecole des Mines de Paris-ParisTech, CEMEF, UMR CNRS 7635, BP 207-06904 Sophia-Antipolis-Cedex (France); Gachon, Yves; Badiche, Xavier [HEF R and D, Z.I. Sud, rue Benoit Fourneyron, 42166 Andrezieux-Boutheon-Cedex (France)
Roll life is a major issue in cold strip rolling. Roll wear may result either in too low roll roughness, bringing friction below the minimum requested for strip entrainment; or it may degrade strip surface quality. On the contrary, adhesive wear and transfer (''roll coating'', ''pick up'') may form a thick metallic deposits on the roll which increases friction excessively and degrades strip surface again [1]. The roll surface, with the help of a materials-adapted lubricant, must therefore possess anti-wear and anti-adhesive properties. Thus, High Speed Steeel (HSS) rolls show superior properties compared with standard Cr-steel rolls due to their high carbide surface coverage. Another way to improve wear and adhesion properties of surfaces is to apply hard metallic (hard-Cr) or ceramic coatings. Chromium is renowned for its excellent anti-wear and anti-adhesive properties and may serve as a reference. Here, as a first step towards alternative, optimised coatings, a PVD TiN coating has been deposited on tool steels, as previous attempts have proved TiN to be rather successful in cold rolling experiments [2,3]. Different tribological tests are reported here, giving insight in both anti-adhesive properties and fatigue life improvement.
Rolling Contact Fatigue of Ceramics
Wereszczak, Andrew A [ORNL; Wang, W. [Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, United Kingdom; Wang, Y. [Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, United Kingdom; Hadfield, M. [Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, United Kingdom; Kanematsu, W. [National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan; Kirkland, Timothy Philip [ORNL; Jadaan, Osama M. [University of Wisconsin, Platteville
High hardness, low coefficient of thermal expansion and high temperature capability are properties also suited to rolling element materials. Silicon nitride (Si{sub 3}N{sub 4}) has been found to have a good combination of properties suitable for these applications. However, much is still not known about rolling contact fatigue (RCF) behavior, which is fundamental information to assess the lifetime of the material. Additionally, there are several test techniques that are employed internationally whose measured RCF performances are often irreconcilable. Due to the lack of such information, some concern for the reliability of ceramic bearings still remains. This report surveys a variety of topics pertaining to RCF. Surface defects (cracks) in Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} and their propagation during RCF are discussed. Five methods to measure RCF are then briefly overviewed. Spalling, delamination, and rolling contact wear are discussed. Lastly, methods to destructively (e.g., C-sphere flexure strength testing) and non-destructively identify potential RCF-limiting flaws in Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} balls are described.
Laboratory study on the use of tire shreds and rubber-sand in backfills and reinforced soil applications. Final report
Bernal, A.; Lovell, C.W.; Salgado, R.
Millions of scrap tires are discarded annually in the United States, the bulk of which are currently landfilled or stockpiled. This consumes valuable landfill space, or, if improperly disposed, creates a fire hazard and provides a prolific breeding ground for rates and mosquitoes. The use of tire shreds as lightweight fill material can sharply reduce the tire disposal problem. The present study, based on laboratory testing and numerical modeling, examines the feasibility of incorporating tire shreds and rubber-sand mixtures as lightweight geomaterial in embankments and backfills.
S. 1038: This Act may be cited as the Waste Tire Recycling, Abatement and Disposal Act of 1991, introduced in the US Senate, One Hundred Second Congress, First Session, May 9, 1991
Not Available
The nation generates approximately two hundred fifty million waste tires each year with nearly three billion waste tires stored or dumped in aboveground piles across the country. This bill was introduced into the US Senate on May 9, 1991 to amend the Solid Waste Disposal Act to encourage recycling of waste tires and to abate tire dumps and tire stockpiles. There are substantial opportunities for recycling and reuse of waste tires and tire-derived products including tire retreading, rubber-modified asphalt paving, rubber products, and fuel.
Robert Otto Rasmussen Vice President,TheTranstec Group, Inc.
Resistance Ride Quality Wet Weather Friction Dry Weather Friction Tire Wear Vehicle Wear In-Vehicle Noise safety and comfort, including friction, smoothness, splash and spray, and rolling resistance. Figure 1 is on techniques to measure and analyze texture, particularly those that influence tire-pavement noise and friction
Low-cost sensor tape for environmental sensing based on roll-to-roll manufacturing process
Gong, Nan-Wei
We describe the concept of fabricating low-cost sensor tape for fine-grid environmental sensing based on roll-to-roll manufacturing processes. We experiment with constructing sensors and electronic connections with low-cost ...
Design and manufacturing of high precision roll-to-roll multilayer printing machine -- machine upgrade
Zhu, Yufei
In 2008, a group of MIT Master of Engineering students built a roll to roll machine for printing thiol onto a flexible gold substrate by self-assembly. The machine demonstrated good performance in high speed printing (400 ...
Circulating fluidized bed gasification of a tire-derived fuel
Arena, U.; Cammarota, A. [Ist. di Ricerche Sulla Combustione-C.N.R., Napoli (Italy)
A market available tire-derived fuel (TDF) was continuously fed in a laboratory scale CFB gasifier operated with air and steam as oxidizers. Silica sand, having a Sauter mean diameter of 155 {micro}m, was used as bed material. The riser and the recirculation column were maintained at 850 C by means of electric heaters driven by electronic controllers. The experiments were carried out at fixed values of solids mass flux (10 kg/sm{sup 2}) and superficial gas velocity in the primary (1.7 m/s) as well as in the secondary zone (2.7 m/s). The equivalence ratios and the H{sub 2}O/TDF d.a.f. ratio were varied between 0.3 and 0.6 and between 0.4 and 1.3, respectively. For each run, data from pressure electronic transducers, thermocouples and gas analyzers were processed to evaluate riser axial profiles of pressure, temperature and gas concentration (in terms of CO, H{sub 2}, CH{sub 4}, C{sub n}H{sub m} and CO{sub 2} content). Collecting, sieving and analyzing solids hold-up in the riser allowed estimation of the amount of carbon particles and their size distribution. Carbon conversion efficiency, specific gas yield and energy output were also determined.
Effect of Wide-Based Single Tires on Fuel Efficiency of Class 8 Combination Trucks
Franzese, Oscar [ORNL] [ORNL; Knee, Helmut E [ORNL] [ORNL; Slezak, Lee [U.S. Department of Energy] [U.S. Department of Energy
In 2007 and 2008, the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, in collaboration with several industry partners, collected real-world performance and situational data for long-haul operations of Class- 8 trucks from a fleet engaged in normal freight operations. Such data and information is useful to support Class-8 modeling of heavy-truck performance, technology evaluation efforts for energy efficiency, and to provide a means of accounting for real-world driving performance within heavy-truck research and analyses. This paper presents some general statistics, including distribution of idling times during long-haul trucking operations. However, the main focus is on the analysis of some of the extensive real-world information collected in this project, specifically on the assessment of the effect that different types of tires (i.e., dual tires vs. new generation single wide-based tires or NGSWBTs) have on the fuel efficiency of Class-8 trucks. The tire effect is also evaluated as a function of the vehicle load level. In all cases analyzed, the statistical tests performed strongly suggest that fuel efficiencies achieved when using all NGSWBTs or combinations of duals and NGSWBTs are higher than in the case of a truck equipped with all dual tires.
Pyrolysis kinetics of scrap tire rubbers. 1: Using DTG and TGA
Kim, S.; Park, J.K. [Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States); Chun, H.D. [Research Inst. of Industrial Science and Technology, Pohang (Korea, Republic of)
Tire pyrolysis kinetics was investigated to explore an economically viable design for the pyrolysis process. Derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were found to provide valuable information on pyrolysis kinetics and mechanisms of a heterogeneous compound like scrap tire rubbers. Kinetic parameters of each compositional compound were obtained by analyzing DTG and TGA results with a series of mathematical methods proposed in this study. The pyrolysis kinetics of the scrap tire rubbers tested was well accounted for by the first-order irreversible independent reactions of three compositional compounds. The sidewall and tread rubber exhibited different thermal degradation patterns, suggesting a compositional difference between them. Isothermal pyrolysis results showed that the sidewall rubber would hardly be degraded at low temperature regions (<600 K), whereas it would be more rapidly degraded than the tread rubber at higher temperatures ({>=}746 K). Because of the shorter pyrolysis time, the higher isothermal pyrolysis temperature appeared to be more economically favorable.
Characterization of the properties of thermoplastic elastomers containing waste rubber tire powder
Zhang Shuling [School of Nano and Advanced Materials Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongnam, Jinju 660-701 (Korea, Republic of); Alan G. MacDiarmid Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012 (China); Xin Zhenxiang [School of Nano and Advanced Materials Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongnam, Jinju 660-701 (Korea, Republic of); Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics Qingdao University of Science and Technology and Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266042 (China); Zhang Zhenxiu [School of Nano and Advanced Materials Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongnam, Jinju 660-701 (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Jin Kuk [School of Nano and Advanced Materials Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongnam, Jinju 660-701 (Korea, Republic of)], E-mail: email@example.com
The aim of this research was to recycle waste rubber tires by using powdering technology and treating the waste rubber tire powder with bitumen. It has been proven that the elongation at break, thermal stability and processing flowability of composites of polypropylene (PP), waste rubber tire powder (WRT) and bitumen composites are better than those of PP/WRT composite. A comparative study has been made to evaluate the influence of bitumen content and different compatibilizers on the properties of PP/WRT/bitumen composites, using a universal testing machine (UTM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a capillary rheometer. The results suggested that the properties of PP/WRT/bitumen composites were dependent on the bitumen content and the kind of compatibilizer used.
Pullout testing of geogrids in tire shreds and rubber-sand
Bernal, A. [Geohidra, Caracas (Venezuela); Swan, R.H. Jr. [GeoSyntec Consultants, Atlanta, GA (United States); Salgado, R.; Lovell, C.W. [Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN (United States)
The results of a direct shear and pullout testing program conducted to evaluate the interaction properties of three types of flexible geogrids having 2 cm, 5 cm and 10 cm square apertures within two types of backfill materials are presented. The first backfill material was a 5 cm nominal size tire shred fill and the second backfill material was a rubber-sand mixture consisting of a blend of 5 cm tire shreds and sand. Direct shear testing was conducted using a large direct shear box having plan dimensions of 30 cm by 30 cm and a total depth of 23 cm. Pullout tests were carried out in a large pullout box having plan dimensions of 1.2 m in length by 0.9 m in width and 0.5 m depth. Coefficients of interaction between 0.22 to 0.49 for tire shreds and 0.25 to 0.53 for rubber-sand were calculated.
High efficiency and low roll-off blue phosphorescent organic...
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
efficiency and low roll-off blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices using mixed host architecture. High efficiency and low roll-off blue phosphorescent organic...
SuperTruck Team Achieves 115% Freight Efficiency Improvement...
surfaces, wide-based low-rolling resistance tires, a long-haul hybrid system, and engine waste heat recovery. Many of the technologies build on VTO's research in a number of areas...
Tailored Recovery of Carbons from Waste Tires for Enhanced Performance as Anodes in Lithium-ion Batteries
Naskar, Amit K [ORNL; Bi, [ORNL; Saha, Dipendu [ORNL; Chi, Miaofang [ORNL; Bridges, Craig A [ORNL; Paranthaman, Mariappan Parans [ORNL
Morphologically tailored pyrolysis-recovered carbon black is utilized in lithium-ion batteries as a potential solution for adding value to waste tire-rubber-derived materials. Micronized tire rubber was digested in a hot oleum bath to yield a sulfonated rubber slurry that was then filtered, washed, and compressed into a solid cake. Carbon was recovered from the modified rubber cake by pyrolysis in a nitrogen atmosphere. The chemical pretreatment of rubber produced a carbon monolith with higher yield than that from the control (a fluffy tire-rubber-derived carbon black). The carbon monolith showed a very small volume fraction of pores of widths 3 4 nm, reduced specific surface area, and an ordered assembly of graphitic domains. Electrochemical studies on the recovered-carbon-based anode revealed an improved Li-ion battery performance with higher reversible capacity than that of commercial carbon materials. Anodes made with a sulfonated tire-rubber-derived carbon and a control tire-rubber-derived carbon, respectively, exhibited an initial coulombic efficiency of 80% and 45%, respectively. The reversible capacity of the cell with the sulfonated carbon as anode was 400 mAh/g after 100 cycles, with nearly 100% coulombic efficiency. Our success in producing higher performance carbon material from waste tire rubber for potential use in energy storage applications adds a new avenue to tire rubber recycling.
Oscillation annealing and driver/tire load torque estimation in Electric Power Steering Systems
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
the improved LuGre-tire friction model. Index Terms-- Electric Power Steering systems (EPSs), LQ control, Lu a control framework that includes a realistic model of a steering column accounting for all other torque. The contributions of this paper are: a) Optimal output control feedback: Based on the steer- ing column model
Solid waste reclamation and recycling: Tires. (Latest citations from the NTIS bibliographic database). Published Search
The bibliography contains citations concerning the development, management, economic analysis, and environmental impacts of reclamation and recycling of scrap tires. The design and evaluation of recycling processes are examined. Recycled products for use in construction materials, embankment fills, fuel supplements, and material substitutions are covered. (Contains 50-250 citations and includes a subject term index and title list.) (Copyright NERAC, Inc. 1995)
Solid waste reclamation and recycling: Tires. (Latest citations from the NTIS bibliographic database). Published Search
The bibliography contains citations concerning the development, management, economic analysis, and environmental impacts of reclamation and recycling of scrap tires. The design and evaluation of recycling processes are examined. Recycled products for use in construction materials, embankment fills, fuel supplements, and material substitutions are covered. (Contains 50-250 citations and includes a subject term index and title list.) (Copyright NERAC, Inc. 1995)
GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PSW-GTR-196 Sudden Oak Death Bike Tire Scrubber1
Standiford, Richard B.
GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PSW-GTR-196 542 Sudden Oak Death Bike Tire Scrubber1 Peter Thut2 , Rocky travel from an infested to a non-infested area in a short period of time. A prototype scrubber has been they leave an infested area. This scrubber is intended for areas without electricity, pressurized water
Product formulations using recycled tire crumb rubber. Final report/project accomplishments summary
Lula, J.W.; Bohnert, G.W.
The objective of this project was to combine crumb rubber and synthetic fiber obtained from scrap tires with thermoplastic polymers and convert these materials into commercially useful, high-value products. A specific goal was to use these materials for roofing, while remaining cognizance of other potential applications.
Department of Mechanical Engineering Spring 2013 Versatile Device for Filtering "Equal" in Commercial Truck Tires
Demirel, Melik C.
in commercial truck tires with short or bent valve stems. Their current solution is only applicable to long valve stems therefore they needed a method of filtering EQUAL that can be used on all valve stems. Short patents and other possible solutions currently on the market that could be implemented Developed
Estimation of vehicle lateral tire-road forces: a comparison between extended and unscented Kalman filtering
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Estimation of vehicle lateral tire-road forces: a comparison between extended and unscented Kalman of accident data reveals that losing the vehicle control is responsible for a huge proportion of car accidents. Preventing such kind of accidents using vehicle control systems, requires certain input data concerning
Designing Imprint Rolls for Fluid Pathway Fabrication
Vijayaraghavan, Athulan; Dornfeld, David A
repeating features (or tiles), and the rolls are designed bymodeling a small set of unique tiles and then combining themThe modular nature of the tiles also improves the efficiency
Minimizing the consequences of rolling blackouts
Haslem, J.R. (Mayer, Brown and Platt, Los Angeles, CA (United States))
This article examines the potential political and legal consequences of rolling blackouts. Those situations under which utilities have been previously determined to be negligent are examined in order to provide ideas for avoiding those situations. Examples of legal decisions for accidental blackouts are also examined. Steps to minimize the political consequences of rolling blackouts are outlined including preparation for responding to questions regarding the situation.
Vehicle Technologies Office Merit Review 2014: Improving Vehicle Fuel Efficiency Through Tire Design, Materials, and Reduced Weight
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
Presentation given by Cooper Tire at 2014 DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program and Vehicle Technologies Office Annual Merit Review and Peer Evaluation Meeting about improving vehicle fuel efficiency...
Subsurface flow constructed wetland: treatment of domestic wastewater by gravel and tire chip media and ultraviolet disinfection of effluent
Richmond, Amanda Yvette
Subsurface flow constructed wetlands (SFCWs) are becoming increasingly common in on-site treatment of wastewater. Gravel is the most popular form of wetland fill medium, but tire chips provide more porosity, are less dense, and cheaper. Before...
Roll-to-Roll Nanomanufacturing Processes and Applications to Display and Solar Cell Devices
Keaveny, Tony
Roll-to-Roll Nanomanufacturing Processes and Applications to Display and Solar Cell Devices% enhanced the power efficiency in organic solar cells as compared with devices made by ITO. BIOGRAPHY L. Jay than 6% of the backlight, in large part due to the polarizer and color filter in the panel. We propose
Low-cost Sensor Tape for Environmental Sensing Based on Roll-to-roll Manufacturing Process
Abstract-- We describe the concept of fabricating low-cost sensor tape for fine-grid environmental sensing connections with low-cost conductive inkjet printed copper traces. Our first attempt is to fabricate humidityLow-cost Sensor Tape for Environmental Sensing Based on Roll-to-roll Manufacturing Process Nan
Wave transmission and mooring-force characteristics of pipe-tire floating breakwaters
Harms, Volker W.; Westerink, Joannes J.
The results are presented of a series of prototype scale tests of a floating breakwater that incorporates massive cylindrical members (steel or concrete pipes, telephone poles, etc.) in a matrix of scrap truck or automobile tires, referred to as the Pipe-Tire Breakwater (PT-Breakwater). Tests were conducted in the large wave tank at the US Army Coastal Engineering Research Center (CERC). Breakwater modules were preassembled at SUNY in Buffalo, New York, and then transported to CERC by truck, where final assembly on location was again performed by SUNY personnel. Wave-tank tests were conducted jointly by CERC and SUNY personnel. A series of wave-tank experiments and mooring system load-deflection tests were performed, and are described. Wave-transmission and mooring-load characteristics, based on 402 separate tests, were established and are reported. (LCL)
Surface-modification technology for scrap tire reuse. A technical brief
Not Available
This technical briefing report describes the DOE-Air Products project to develop the surface-modification technology for scrap tire rubber. It introduces the technology; discusses the project history, status, and feasibility studies; and reviews the potential benefits of the technology with respect to energy use and economics. Prelimary analyses indicate energy savings of approximately 60,000 Btu/lb by substituting surface-modified rubber in polyurethane systems.
H. R. 871: This Act may be cited as the Tire Recycling Incentives Act, introduced in the House of Representatives, One Hundred Second Congress, First Session, February 6, 1991
Not Available
There is a need to encourage greater recycling of scrap tires. Americans generate more than 250 million scrap tires annually. Currently, 2 1/2 to 3 billion scrap tires are stockpiled across America. H.R.871 was introduced into the US House of Representatives on February 6, 1991 to amend the Solid Waste Disposal Act to require producers and importers of tires to recycle a certain percentage of scrap tires each year. This legislation calls for the administrator of the EPA to establish a recycling credit system for carrying out these recycling requirements, and to establish a management and tracking system for such tires.
Transplanckian energy production and slow roll inflation
Ulf H. Danielsson
In this paper we investigate how the energy density due to a non-standard choice of initial vacuum affects the expansion of the universe during inflation. To do this we introduce source terms in the Friedmann equations making sure that we respect the relation between gravity and thermodynamics. We find that the energy production automatically implies a slow rolling cosmological constant. Hence we also conclude that there is no well defined value for the cosmological constant in the presence of sources. We speculate that a non-standard vacuum can provide slow roll inflation on its own.
Cross-directional interlocking of rolls in an air press of a papermaking machine
Beck, David A.; Gorshe, Thomas
An air press for pressing a paper web is composed of a plurality of rolls including at least a first roll and a second roll. The first roll and the second roll are positioned adjacent one another and form a first nip therebetween. Further, the first roll and the second roll each have a roll end, the roll end of the first roll adjoining the roll end of the second roll. A bevel plate is attached to the roll end of the first roll, the bevel plate having at least a first angled plate face. A seal ring is positioned adjacent the roll end of the second roll, the seal ring being juxtaposed to the bevel plate. The seal ring has at least a first angled ring face, and the first angled ring face mates with the first angled plate face.
"Rolling Stone" covers climate change research at Los Alamos...
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
News "Rolling Stone" covers climate change research at Los Alamos Lab "Rolling Stone" covers climate change research at Los Alamos Lab By the end of the century, the woodlands...
Subdivision Surfaces for Procedural Design of Optimal Imprint Rolls
Vijayaraghavan, Athulan; Dornfeld, David
of the roll features. The tile-based representation makes itusing a small set of unique entities (or tiles). Im- printalso modeled as a sum of tiles, and rolls are designed by
Julien, Pierre Y.
with the wave kinematic viscosity of water distance downslope critical distance at which roll waves are formedFORMATION OF ROLL WAVES IN LAMINAR SHEET FLOW by Pierre Y. Julien and David M. Hartley January 1985 required for the formation of roll waves . . . . 5 2.3.1 Celerityofrollwaves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Proceedings of NAMRI/SME, Vol. 40, 2012 PVD Coated Mill Rolls for Cold Rolling of Stainless Steel
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Proceedings of NAMRI/SME, Vol. 40, 2012 PVD Coated Mill Rolls for Cold Rolling of Stainless Steel : United States (2012)" #12;Proceedings of NAMRI/SME, Vol. 40, 2012 again affecting both friction
Design and manufacturing of high precision roll-to-roll multi-layer printing machine : measurement and experiment
Yang, Wenzhuo, M. Eng. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
In 2008, a prototype machine demonstrating the application of roll-to-roll technology in micro-contact printing was developed. In this research, the prototype machine was upgraded by designing and machining a device that ...
Rolling friction for hard cylinder and sphere on viscoelastic solid
B. N. J. Persson
We calculate the friction force acting on a hard cylinder or spherical ball rolling on a flat surface of a viscoelastic solid. The rolling friction coefficient depends non-linearly on the normal load and the rolling velocity. For a cylinder rolling on a viscoelastic solid characterized by a single relaxation time Hunter has obtained an exact result for the rolling friction, and our result is in very good agreement with his result for this limiting case. The theoretical results are also in good agreement with experiments of Greenwood and Tabor. We suggest that measurements of rolling friction over a wide range of rolling velocities and temperatures may constitute an useful way to determine the viscoelastic modulus of rubber-like materials.
S. 2462: This Act may be cited as the Tire Recycling Incentives Act of 1990. Introduced in the Senate of the United States, One Hundredth First Congress, Second Session, April 19, 1990
Not Available
S. 2462 is a bill to amend the Solid Waste Disposal Act to require the producers and importers of tires to recycle a certain percentage of scrap tires each year, to require the Environmental Protection Agency to establish a recycling credit system for carrying out such recycling requirement, to establish a management and tracking system for such tires, and for other purposes.
H. R. 4147: This Act may be cited as the Tire Recycling Incentives Act of 1990. Introduced in the House of Representatives, One Hundredth First Congress, Second Session, February 28, 1990
Not Available
H.R. 4147 is a bill to amend the Solid Waste disposal Act to require the producers and importers of tires to recycle a certain percentage of scrap tires each year, to require the Environmental Protection Agency to establish a recycling credit system for carrying out such recycling requirement, to establish a management and tracking system for such tires, and for other purposes.
Feasibility study for a demonstration plant for liquefaction and coprocessing of waste plastics and tires
Huffman, G.P.; Shah, N. [Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington, KY (United States); Shelley, M. [Auburn Univ., AL (United States)] [and others
The results of a feasibility study for a demonstration plant for the liquefaction of waste polymers and the coprocessing of waste polymers with coal are presented. The study was carried out by a committee of participants from five universities, the US DOE Federal Energy Technology Center, and Burns & Roe Corporation. The study included an assessment of current recycling practices, a review of pertinent research, and a survey of feedstock availability. A conceptual design for a demonstration plant was developed and a preliminary economic analysis for various feedstock mixes was carried out. The base case for feedstock scenarios was chosen to be 200 tons per day of waste plastic and 100 tons per day of waste tires. For this base case, the return on investment (ROI) was found to range from 8% to 16% as tipping fees for waste plastic and tires increased over a range comparable to that existing in the US. A number of additional feedstock scenarios that were both more and less profitable were also considered and are briefly discussed.
Recycling`s regulatory burden: A case study -- the Modesto Tire Disposal Project
Tomeo, E. [UAE Energy Operations Corp., San Ramon, CA (United States)
The Modesto Tire Disposal Project is a 14 MW electric power generating facility in Westley, CA fueled on whole waste tires. A by-product of the incineration process is a zinc-rich fly ash which contains low concentrations of lead and cadmium. The project`s preferred disposition for the fly ash is recycling through reclamation of its valuable metals. Under California regulation, the fly ash is considered a hazardous waste, and its handling and transportation is severely restricted. Federal regulation doe snot impose such restrictions. The fly ash from the project was recycled for years. However, internal regulatory review and subsequent conference with regulators determined that the environmentally sound transportation practices that had been utilized were not regulatorily compliant. As a result of compliance initiatives, the valuable fly ash had to be disposed of in class 1 landfills for the past year. The return to a recycle option remains elusive. This presentation reviews some of the regulatory hurdles and the economic harm done to the project in order to maintain strict compliance with California hazardous waste regulations.
A LuGre Tire Friction Model with Exact Aggregate Dynamics Panagiotis Tsiotras, Efstathios Velenis and Michel Sorine
Tsiotras, Panagiotis
A LuGre Tire Friction Model with Exact Aggregate Dynamics Panagiotis Tsiotras, Efstathios Velenis and Michel Sorine Abstract-- The LuGre dynamic point contact friction model for the two-dimensional translation of a body on a surface has been used in the past to derive a model for the friction forces
Cavallo, F.; Songmuang, R.; Ulrich, C.; Schmidt, O. G. [Max-Planck-Institut fuer Festkoerperforschung, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart (Germany)
SiGe on insulator films of 10-50 nm thickness are fabricated by Ge condensation applying different oxidation times. The layers are released from the substrate by selectively etching the insulator film. Due to the varying Ge composition, the layers bend downward toward the substrate surface and roll up into microtubes. Depending on the Ge condensation, the strain distribution in the SiGe layers varies and allows a scaling of the tube diameters between 1 and 4 {mu}m. Assuming pseudomorphic SiGe layers, the tube diameters are smaller than expected from continuum mechanical theory. This suggests the occurrence of additional strain in the oxidized films.
SolaRoll Ltd | Open Energy Information
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Rolling Hills Electric Coop | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page onYou are now leaving Energy.gov You are now leaving Energy.gov YouKizildere IRaghuraji Agro Industries Pvt Ltd Jump to: navigation,MazeOhio:Ohio:RockwallRolling Hills Electric Coop Jump
UV-nanoimprint lithography and large area roll-to-roll texturization with hyperbranched polymer nanocomposites for light-trapping applications$
UV-nanoimprint lithography and large area roll-to-roll texturization with hyperbranched polymer nanoimprint lithography Light-trapping Roll-to-roll Amorphous silicon a b s t r a c t Light-trapping textures were produced in hyperbranched polymer (HBP) silica nanocomposites using a UV-nanoimprint lithography
Roll stabilization for fast monohulls by using passive and active lifting appendages
Ulusoy, Talha
Roll stabilization for monohulls is an important issue in naval architecture. Several methods including roll stabilization tanks, active control fins, rudder roll stabilization systems, and bilge keels are commonly used ...
An Investigation of Bonding Mechanism in Metal Cladding by Warm Rolling
Yang, Wei
, this research presents a bonding mechanism for the roll cladding process of dissimilar metals. The roll bonding model can help optimize rolling parameters for varying bonding strength depending on the demands of the application. It can also provide insights...
Time-Symmetric Rolling Tachyon Profile
Matheson Longton
We investigate the tachyon profile of a time-symmetric rolling tachyon solution to open string field theory. We algebraically construct the solution of [arXiv:0707.4472] at 6th order in the marginal parameter, and numerically evaluate the corresponding tachyon profile as well as the action and several correlation functions containing the equation of motion. We find that the marginal operator's singular self-OPE is properly regularized and all quantities we examine are finite. In contrast to the widely studied time-asymmetric case, the solution depends nontrivially on the strength of the deformation parameter. For example, we find that the number and period of oscillations of the tachyon field changes as the strength of the marginal deformation is increased. We use the recent renormalization scheme of [arXiv:1412.3466], which contains two free parameters. At finite deformation parameter the tachyon profile depends on these parameters, while when the deformation parameter is small, the solution becomes insensitive to them and behaves like previously studied time-asymmetric rolling tachyon solutions. We also show that convergence of perturbation series is not as straightforward as in the time-asymmetric case with regular OPE, and find evidence that it may depend on the renormalization constants.
Feasibility study for thermal treatment of solid tire wastes in Bangladesh by using pyrolysis technology
Islam, M.R., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology, Rajshahi 6204 (Bangladesh); Joardder, M.U.H.; Hasan, S.M. [Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology, Rajshahi 6204 (Bangladesh); Takai, K.; Haniu, H. [Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University Corporation Kitami Institute of Technology, 165 Koen-cho, Kitami City, Hokkaido 090-8507 (Japan)
In this study on the basis of lab data and available resources in Bangladesh, feasibility study has been carried out for pyrolysis process converting solid tire wastes into pyrolysis oils, solid char and gases. The process considered for detailed analysis was fixed-bed fire-tube heating pyrolysis reactor system. The comparative techno-economic assessment was carried out in US$ for three different sizes plants: medium commercial scale (144 tons/day), small commercial scale (36 tons/day), pilot scale (3.6 tons/day). The assessment showed that medium commercial scale plant was economically feasible, with the lowest unit production cost than small commercial and pilot scale plants for the production of crude pyrolysis oil that could be used as boiler fuel oil and for the production of upgraded liquid-products.
Characterization of asphalt cements modified with crumbed rubber from discarded tires. Final report
Daly, W.H.; Negulescu, I.I.
The potential legislative requirement for incorporation of scrap rubber into asphalt blends mandated a thorough evaluation of the influence of scrap rubber additives on the physical properties and aging characteristics of rubber/asphalt blends. Blends with up to 20 percent ground vulcanized rubber (both crumb and 200 mesh powder particles) from recycled tires were prepared with asphalt cements of various grades (AC5 - AC30) and evaluated using DMA. Blends produced from powdered rubber particles exhibited Newtonian behavior at high temperatures; similar behavior was not observed with crumb rubber blends. The mechanical properties of asphalt-rubber blends depend upon the concentration of rubber additives, the particle dimensions, and the chemical composition of the asphalt.
Hydrocoprocessing of scrap automotive tires and coal. Analysis of oils from autoclave coprocessing
Anderson, L.L.; Ding, W.; Liang, J. [Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (United States). Dept. of Chemical and Fuels Engineering] [Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (United States). Dept. of Chemical and Fuels Engineering; Callen, M.; Mastral, A.M.; Mayoral, M.C.; Murillo, R. [CSIC, Zaragoza (Spain). Inst. de Carboquimica] [CSIC, Zaragoza (Spain). Inst. de Carboquimica
Hydrocoprocessing of scrap automotive tires and a low-rank coal was carried out in a magnetically stirred autoclave. Reaction temperature (400 C) and time (30 min) were kept constant in every experiment, while different pressures (10, 5, and 1 MPa of H{sub 2} and 0.1 MPa of N{sub 2}) were studied. An iron-based catalyst was used to improve yields. Derived oils were analyzed by GC-MS and TLC-FID. In terms of yields, it is shown that there is a synergism between these two materials, although it can only be observed working at low hydrogen pressure. The oils obtained in the coprocessing showed a more aromatic nature than those obtained when both materials are processed alone, and higher boiling points, suggesting that radicals from rubber and coal react between each other instead of reacting with hydrogen radicals.
Application of pyrolized carbon black from scrap tires in asphalt pavement design and construction
Park, T.; Coree, B.J. [Indiana Department of Transportation, West Lafayette, IN (United States). Division of Research; Lovell, C.W. [Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN (United States). School of Civil Engineering
According to EPA reports (1991) of the over 242 million waste generated each year in the United State, 5% are exported, 6% recycled, 11% incinerated, and 78% are landfilled, stockpiled, or illegally dumped. A variety of uses for these tires are being studied. Among these is pyrolysis which produces 5 5% of oil, 25% of carbon black, 9% of steel, 5% of fiber and 6% of gas. Pyrolized carbon black contains 9 % of ash, 4% of sulfur, 12% of butadine copolymer and 75% of carbon black. The objective of this research is to investigate the viability of using PCB as an additive in hot mix asphalt. The use of PCB in asphalt pavement is expected not only to improve the performance of conventional asphalt, but also to provide a means for the mass disposal of waste fires.
Recycled tire rubber and other waste materials in asphalt mixtures. Transportation research record
The papers in this volume, dealing with various facets of recycled tire rubber and other waste materials in asphalt mixtures, should be of interest to state and local construction, design, materials, and research engineers as well as contractors and material producers. In the first papers, Rebala and Estakhri, Malpass and Khosla, and Baker and Connolly describe research related to crumb rubber modified mixtures that was done for the Texas, North Carolina, and New Jersey State Departments of Transportation. Ali et al. report on their research in Canada to determine the feasibility of sing reclaimed roofing materials in hot mix asphalt pavement. Emery discusses the evaluation of 11 Ontario rubber modified demonstration projects in terms of pavement performance, environmental impacts, and recyclability. In the last paper, Fwa and Aziz report on their work in Singapore related to the use of incinerator residue in asphalt mixtures.
On Extrusion Forging and Extrusion Rolling of Thin Metal Sheets
Feng, Zhujian
diameter and front tension force on the deformation behavior of metal strip. It was found that the rolling speed has little influence on the roll force and boss height. The front tension force has little effect on the average pressure and boss height...
Prompt non-tire rubber recycling : final report for phases 1 and 2.
Smith, F. G.; Daniels, E. J.
This report summarizes an assessment conducted by Environmental Technologies Alternatives, Inc., under a subcontract to Argonne National Laboratory. The project was conducted in two phases. An assessment of alternative technologies for recycling of prompt non-tire rubber was conducted in the first phase, and an experimental program focusing on a new technology called the catalytic Regeneration Process offered the greatest opportunity for recovery of high-value recyclable rubber material. An experimental and large-scale test program was undertaken to further delineate the economic potential as an essential step leading to commercial deployment and to determine the course of continued development of the technology by the private sector. The experimental program defined process-operating conditions for the technology and verified the degree of devulcanisation achievable for two rubber compounds: ethylene-propylene-nonconjugated-diene monomer (EPDM) and neoprene. To determine product acceptance, samples of devulcanized EPDM and neoprene were prepared and used in factory trials for the production of automotive moldings (EPDM) and fiber-filled belting (neoprene). The factory trials indicated that the physical properties of the products were acceptable in both cases. The appearance of molded and calendared surface finishes was acceptable, while that of extruded finishes was unsatisfactory. The fiber-filled neoprene belting application offers the greatest economic potential. Process costs were estimated at $0.34/lb for neoprene waste rubber relative to a value of $0.57/lb. The results of the experimental program led to the decision to continue development of this technology is being planned, subject to the availability of about $3 million in financing from private-sector investors. The ability to recycle non-tire rubber scrap could conserve as much as 90,000 Btu/lb, thus yielding an estimated energy savings potential of about 0.25 quad/yr.
A preliminary evaluation of a combined tire- and refuse-derived fuel (TDF-RDF)
Stessel, R.I.; Amari, T.; Themelis, N.J.; Wearnick, I.K.
In dense urban areas of the US, it is now becoming clear that waste management is far from economically-optimum. Even with the popularity of inexpensive land disposal, hauling and recycling costs are driving up the average waste bill. An historic option has been refuse-derived fuel, or RDF. Difficulties included low energy content and difficulty obtaining uniformity. Today, many resource-recovery technologies used in RDF are finding their way into materials recovery facilities (MRFs), some of which are reviving the automated processing of waste. Any MRF, automated or not, will have residue streams. Currently, one of the most significant problems is waste tires. Local options are difficult to locate in dense urban areas. As fuels, tires typically have energy contents considerably above those for which most solid-fuel combustors are designed, leading to thermal imbalances and various forms of failure. This paper suggests a new fuel that can be either co-fired with coal, or used in its own right in a combustor primarily designed for coal: TDF-RDF. A preliminary examination is undertaken of thermal and emissions characteristics, and possible costs for a few applications of the fuel. Immediately, TDF is already cleaner-burning than many coals, even in sulfur emissions. RDF has been widely-regarded as being similarly cleanly. Posited MRF residue streams should be still cleaner, and more consistent, than RDF. Overall, there is quite a potential for developing a fuel that would allow old coal powerplants in historic urban centers to be better neighbors, while helping with a few problems in municipal waste management.
S. 396: This Act may be cited as the Tire Recycling Incentives Act, introduced in the Senate of the United States, One Hundred Second Congress, First Session, February 7, 1991
Not Available
There is a need to encourage greater recycling of scrap tires. Americans generate more than 250 million scrap tires annually, of which less than 30% are recycled. Every year, 84.5% of these scrap tires are landfilled, stockpiled, or illegally dumped. This bill was introduced into the Senate of the United States on Feb. 7, 1991 to amend the Solid Waste Disposal Act. One purpose of this legislation is to require producers and importers of tires to recycle a certain percentage of scrap tires each year. In addition, the administrator of the EPA is required to establish a recycling credit system for carrying out these recycling requirement, and to establish a management and tracking system for such tires.
Recycling of rubber tires in electric arc furnace steelmaking: simultaneous combustion of metallurgical coke and rubber tyres blends
Magdalena Zaharia; Veena Sahajwalla; Byong-Chul Kim; Rita Khanna; N. Saha-Chaudhury; Paul O'Kane; Jonathan Dicker; Catherine Skidmore; David Knights [University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW (Australia). School of Materials Science and Engineering
The present study investigates the effect of addition of waste rubber tires on the combustion behavior of its blends with coke for carbon injection in electric arc furnace steelmaking. Waste rubber tires were mixed in different proportions with metallurgical coke (MC) (10:90, 20:80, 30:70) for combustion and pyrolysis at 1473 K in a drop tube furnace (DTF) and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), respectively. Under experimental conditions most of the rubber blends indicated higher combustion efficiencies compared to those of the constituent coke. In the early stage of combustion the weight loss rate of the blends is much faster compared to that of the raw coke due to the higher volatile yield of rubber. The presence of rubber in the blends may have had an impact upon the structure during the release and combustion of their high volatile matter (VM) and hence increased char burnout. Measurements of micropore surface area and bulk density of the chars collected after combustion support the higher combustion efficiency of the blends in comparison to coke alone. The surface morphology of the 30% rubber blend revealed pores in the residual char that might be attributed to volatile evolution during high temperature reaction in oxygen atmosphere. Physical properties and VM appear to have a major effect upon the measured combustion efficiency of rubber blends. The study demonstrates that waste rubber tires can be successfully co-injected with metallurgical coke in electric arc furnace steelmaking process to provide additional energy from combustion. 44 refs., 11 figs., 2 tabs.
H. R. 3058: This Act may be cited as the Tire Recycling and Recovery Act of 1991, introduced in the US House of Representatives, One Hundred Second Congress, First Session, July 25, 1991
Not Available
This bill was introduced into the US House of Representatives on July 25, 1991 to amend the Solid Waste Disposal Act in order to provide for a scrap tire management and recovery program. The objectives of this legislation are to provide temporary federal incentives to eliminate scrap tire piles through environmentally sound methods, including recycling, recovery and reuse. All future scrap tires are to be managed by the states through programs that will manage and minimize the buildup of scrap tire piles in the future.
Rolling Up a Put Option as Prices Increase
Johnson, Jason; Polk, Wade
Agricultural producers use put options to protect themselves against declining prices. The technique of "rolling up a put option, explained in this publication, allows the producer to raise the minimum expected selling price of a put option...
Rack-and-pinion effects in molecular rolling friction
Oleg M. Braun; Erio Tosatti
Rolling lubrication with spherical molecules working as 'nanobearings' has failed experimentally so far, without a full understanding of the physics involved and of the reasons why. Past model simulations and common sense have shown that molecules can only roll when they are not too closely packed to jam. The same type of model simulations now shows in addition that molecular rolling friction can develop deep minima once the molecule's peripheral 'pitch' can match the substrate periodicity, much as ordinary cogwheels do in a rack-and-pinion system. When the pinion-rack matching is bad, the driven molecular rolling becomes discontinuous and noisy, whence energy is dissipated and friction is large. This suggests experiments to be conducted by varying the rack-and-pinion matching. That could be pursued not only by changing molecules and substrates, but also by applying different sliding directions within the same system, or by applying pressure, to change the effective matching.
Northern Kentucky University Honor Roll of Donors 2009-2010
Boyce, Richard L.
Frank and Jane Caccamo * Gary `78 and Marlene Cohen `77 * Robert E. Collier PhD * Carol B. Cornell Theatres Acclaim Award R. Scott Lucke `01 Blake R. Maislin `97 #12;Page 2 -- NKUF Honor Roll of Donors
Procedural Design of Imprint Rolls for Fluid Pathway Fabrication
Vijayaraghavan, Athulan; Dornfeld, David
repeating features (or tiles), and the rolls are designed bymodeling a small set of unique tiles and then combining themThe modular nature of the tiles also improves the efficiency
Procedural Design of Imprint Rolls for Fluid Pathway Fabrication
Vijayaraghavan, Athulan; Dornfeld, David
repeating features (or tiles), and the rolls are designedmodeling a small set of unique tiles and then combining themThe modular nature of the tiles also improves the ef?ciency
A direct-write thick-film lithography process for multi-parameter control of tooling in continuous roll-to-roll microcontact printing
Nietner, Larissa F
Roll-to-roll (R2R) microcontact printing ([mu]CP) aims to transform micron-precision soft lithography in a continuous, large-scale, high-throughput process for large-area surface patterning, flexible electronics and ...
Design and development of high precision elastomeric-stamp wrapping system for roll-to-roll multi-layer microcontact printing
Datar, Charudatta Achyut
Microcontact printing is an emerging printing technique that could potentially find application in the electronics industry. High-speed roll-to-roll equipment was built at Nano Terra, Inc in 2008, for microcontact printing. ...
Roll-to-Roll Solution-Processible Small-Molecule OLEDs
Liu, Jie Jerry
The objective of this program is to develop key knowledge and make critical connections between technologies needed to enable low-cost manufacturing of OLED lighting products. In particular, the program was intended to demonstrate the feasibility of making high performance Small-Molecule OLEDs (SM-OLED) using a roll-to-roll (R2R) wet-coating technique by addressing the following technical risks (1) Whether the wet-coating technique can provide high performance OLEDs, (2) Whether SM-OLED can be made in a R2R manner, (3) What are the requirements for coating equipment, and (4) Whether R2R OLEDs can have the same performance as the lab controls. The program has been managed and executed according to the Program Management Plan (PMP) that was first developed at the beginning of the program and further revised accordingly as the program progressed. Significant progress and risk reductions have been accomplished by the end of the program. Specific achievements include: (1) Demonstrated that wet-coating can provide OLEDs with high LPW and long lifetime; (2) Demonstrated R2R OLEDs can be as efficient as batch controls (Figure 1) (3) Developed & validated basic designs for key equipment necessary for R2R SM-OLEDs; (4) Developed know-hows & specifications on materials & ink formulations critical to wetcoating; (5) Developed key R2R processes for each OLED layer (6) Identified key materials and components such as flexible barrier substrates necessary for R2R OLEDs.
Formalising the Slow-Roll Approximation in Inflation
Andrew R. Liddle; Paul Parsons; John D. Barrow
The meaning of the inflationary slow-roll approximation is formalised. Comparisons are made between an approach based on the Hamilton-Jacobi equations, governing the evolution of the Hubble parameter, and the usual scenario based on the evolution of the potential energy density. The vital role of the inflationary attractor solution is emphasised, and some of its properties described. We propose a new measure of inflation, based upon contraction of the comoving Hubble length as opposed to the usual e-foldings of physical expansion, and derive relevant formulae. We introduce an infinite hierarchy of slow-roll parameters, and show that only a finite number of them are required to produce results to a given order. The extension of the slow-roll approximation into an analytic slow-roll expansion, converging on the exact solution, is provided. Its role in calculations of inflationary dynamics is discussed. We explore rational-approximants as a method of extending the range of convergence of the slow-roll expansion up to, and beyond, the end of inflation.
Roll-to-roll atomic layer deposition process for flexible electronics encapsulation applications
Maydannik, Philipp S., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Kääriäinen, Tommi O.; Lahtinen, Kimmo; Cameron, David C. [Advanced Surface Technology Research Laboratory, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, 50130 Mikkeli (Finland); Söderlund, Mikko; Soininen, Pekka [Beneq Oy, P.O. Box 262, 01511 Vantaa (Finland); Johansson, Petri; Kuusipalo, Jurkka [Tampere University of Technology, Paper Converting and Packaging Technology, P.O. Box 589, 33101 Tampere (Finland); Moro, Lorenza; Zeng, Xianghui [Samsung Cheil Industries, San Jose R and D Center, 2186 Bering Drive, San Jose, California 95131 (United States)
At present flexible electronic devices are under extensive development and, among them, flexible organic light-emitting diode displays are the closest to a large market deployment. One of the remaining unsolved challenges is high throughput production of impermeable flexible transparent barrier layers that protect sensitive light-emitting materials against ambient moisture. The present studies deal with the adaptation of the atomic layer deposition (ALD) process to high-throughput roll-to-roll production using the spatial ALD concept. We report the development of such a process for the deposition of 20?nm thickness Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} diffusion barrier layers on 500?mm wide polymer webs. The process uses trimethylaluminum and water as precursors at a substrate temperature of 105?°C. The observation of self-limiting film growth behavior and uniformity of thickness confirms the ALD growth mechanism. Water vapor transmission rates for 20?nm Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} films deposited on polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) substrates were measured as a function of substrate residence time, that is, time of exposure of the substrate to one precursor zone. Moisture permeation levels measured at 38?°C/90% relative humidity by coulometric isostatic–isobaric method were below the detection limit of the instrument (<5?×?10{sup ?4}?g/m{sup 2} day) for films coated at web moving speed of 0.25?m/min. Measurements using the Ca test indicated water vapor transmission rates ?5?×?10{sup ?6} g/m{sup 2} day. Optical measurements on the coated web showed minimum transmission of 80% in the visible range that is the same as the original PEN substrate.
Main roll for an air press of a papermaking machine
Beck, David A.
A roll for use in an air press assembly of a papermaking machine has a pair of ends associated therewith. The roll includes a pair of edge portions with each edge portion extending to one of the pair of ends. Each edge portion has an edge surface portion composed of a first material, the first material having a first hardness. The roll further includes a middle portion located between the pair of edge portions, the middle portion having a middle surface portion composed of a second material. The second material has a second hardness, the second material being harder than the first material. The first material is preferably a soft, seal material which promotes reduced air leakage from the air press assembly.
Roll-up of validation results to a target application.
Hills, Richard Guy
Suites of experiments are preformed over a validation hierarchy to test computational simulation models for complex applications. Experiments within the hierarchy can be performed at different conditions and configurations than those for an intended application, with each experiment testing only part of the physics relevant for the application. The purpose of the present work is to develop methodology to roll-up validation results to an application, and to assess the impact the validation hierarchy design has on the roll-up results. The roll-up is accomplished through the development of a meta-model that relates validation measurements throughout a hierarchy to the desired response quantities for the target application. The meta-model is developed using the computation simulation models for the experiments and the application. The meta-model approach is applied to a series of example transport problems that represent complete and incomplete coverage of the physics of the target application by the validation experiments.
Fuel Economy and Emissions Effects of Low Tire Pressure, Open Windows, Roof Top and Hitch-Mounted Cargo, and Trailer
Thomas, John F [ORNL] [ORNL; Huff, Shean P [ORNL] [ORNL; West, Brian H [ORNL] [ORNL
To quantify the fuel economy (FE) effect of some common vehicle accessories or alterations, a compact passenger sedan and a sport utility vehicle (SUV) were subjected to SAE J2263 coastdown procedures. Coastdowns were conducted with low tire pressure, all windows open, with a roof top or hitch-mounted cargo carrier, and with the SUV pulling an enclosed cargo trailer. From these coastdowns, vehicle dynamometer coefficients were developed which enabled the execution of vehicle dynamometer experiments to determine the effect of these changes on vehicle FE and emissions over standard drive cycles and at steady highway speeds. The FE penalty associated with the rooftop cargo box mounted on the compact sedan was as high as 25-27% at higher speeds, where the aerodynamic drag is most pronounced. For both vehicles, use of a hitch mounted cargo tray carrying a similar load resulted in very small FE penalties, unlike the rooftop cargo box. The results for the SUV pulling a 3500 pound enclosed cargo trailer were rather dramatic, resulting in FE penalties ranging from 30%, for the city cycle, to 50% at 80 mph, at which point significant CO generation indicated protective enrichment due to high load. Low tire pressure cases resulted in negligible to 10% FE penalty depending on the specific case and test point. Driving with all four windows open decreased FE by 4-8.5% for the compact sedan, and 1-4% for the SUV.
Energy Regulation, Roll Call Votes and Regional Resources: Evidence from Russia
Grigoriadis, Theocharis N; Torgler, Benno
Energy Regulation, Roll Call Votes and Regional Resources:Russian Duma deputies on energy regulation between 1994 andP370, P310, R110 energy regulation, energy roll law reform,
Constituent Particle Break-up during Hot Rolling of AA 5182 Nicolas Moulin(1)
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Constituent Particle Break-up during Hot Rolling of AA 5182 Nicolas Moulin(1) , Estelle Parra hot reversible rolling of AA5182 alloy sheets has been analysed. The sizes and shapes of intermetallic particles in as-cast and industrially hot rolled AA5182 alloys sheets were characterized by 3D X ray
Distill, Distill_roll Distill for CASP10
Pollastri, Gianluca
Distill, Distill_roll Distill for CASP10 C. Mirabello1, G. Tradigo1,2 , P.Veltri2, and G. Pollastri1 1 UCD Dublin, Ireland, 2 Universitŕ di Cosenza, Italy email@example.com Distill has to the distance maps of templates rather than to predicted contact maps. The difference between Distill
In-situ conditioning of a strip casting roll
Williams, Robert S. (Fairfield, OH); Campbell, Steven L. (Middletown, OH)
A strip caster (10) for producing a continuous strip (24) has a tundish (12) for containing a melt (14) and a pair of horizontally disposed water cooled casting rolls (22). The casting rolls are juxtaposed relative to one another for forming a pouring basin (18) for receiving the melt through a teeming tube (16) thereby establishing a meniscus (20) between the rolls for forming a strip (24). The melt is protected from the outside air by a non-oxidizing gas passed through a supply line (28) to a sealing chamber (26). Devices (29) for conditioning the outer peripheral chill surfaces of the casting rolls includes grit blasting nozzles (30A, 30B, 30C, 30D), a collection trough (32) for gathering the grit, a line (34) for recycling the grit to a bag house (36), a feeder (38) and a pressurized distributor (40) for delivering the grit to the nozzles. The conditioning nozzles remove dirt, metal oxides and surface imperfections providing a clean surface readily wetted by the melt.
Government Information Interest Group (GIIG) Rolling in the Deep Web
Nair, Sankar
Government Information Interest Group (GIIG) Rolling in the Deep Web: Mining free resources;Most Science Info Is in the Deep Web Federated Searching Federated search drills down to the deep web where scientific databases reside Students and researchers need information from the deep web. Unlike
In-situ conditioning of a strip casting roll
Williams, R.S.; Campbell, S.L.
A strip caster (10) for producing a continuous strip (24) has a tundish (12) for containing a melt (14) and a pair of horizontally disposed water cooled casting rolls (22). The casting rolls are juxtaposed relative to one another for forming a pouring basin (18) for receiving the melt through a teeming tube (16) thereby establishing a meniscus (20) between the rolls for forming a strip (24). The melt is protected from the outside air by a non-oxidizing gas passed through a supply line (28) to a sealing chamber (26). Devices (29) for conditioning the outer peripheral chill surfaces of the casting rolls includes grit blasting nozzles (30A, 30B, 30C, 30D), a collection trough (32) for gathering the grit, a line (34) for recycling the grit to a bag house (36), a feeder (38) and a pressurized distributor (40) for delivering the grit to the nozzles. The conditioning nozzles remove dirt, metal oxides and surface imperfections providing a clean surface readily wetted by the melt.
Seismic shape parameters estimation and ground-roll suppression using
Spagnolini, Umberto
Seismic shape parameters estimation and ground-roll suppression using vector-sensor beamforming the problem of estimating the shape parameters of seismic wavefields in linear arrays. The purpose of the subsurface layers from the seismic wavefields registered by surface sensors. However, only the waves
ccsd00002835, Light scattering from cold rolled aluminum surfaces
ccsd00002835, version 2 14 Sep 2004 Light scattering from cold rolled aluminum surfaces Damien Camille Soula , 31400 Toulouse, France We present experimental light scattering measurements from aluminum scattering measurements of an s-polarized electromagnetic wave (632.8 nanometers) from a rough aluminum alloy
Drainage induced convection rolls in foams (revised version)
Cox, Simon
, where soap solution is added to the foam at constant flow rate, the irregular motion in the beer glass results for convection in quasi two-dimensional foams (monolayers of bubbles between two glass platesDrainage induced convection rolls in foams (revised version) S. Hutzler, S.J. Cox*, E. Janiaud
IEEE/ASME TRANSACTIONS ON MECHATRONICS, VOL. 13, NO. 1, FEBRUARY 2008 95 A Piezo-Sensor-Based "Smart Tire" System
Yi, Jingang
. Methods of modeling tracked ground vehicles have been utilized for skid-steered mobile robots. An extra tread surface to measure the tire rubber tread deformation. Analyt- ical models of the PVDF- istics. The sensed deformation measurements are integrated with the onboard control system through
Development of asphalts and pavements using recycled tire rubber. Phase 1, Technical feasibility. Technical progress report, September 1, 1994--August 31, 1995
Bullin, J.A.; Davison, R.R.; Glover, C.J. [and others
About 285 million tires are discarded every year; less than 100 million are currently being recycled, with the rest being placed in landfills and other waste sites. A solution to reduce the littering of the environment is to use ground tire rubber in road construction. Currently, about 27 million tons of asphalt are used each year in road construction and maintenance of the country`s 2 million miles of roads. If all of the waste tire rubber could be combined with asphalt in road construction, it would displace less than 6% of the total asphalt used each year, yet could save about 60 trillion Btus annually. Purpose of this project is to provide data needed to optimize the performance of rubber-asphalt concretes. The first phase is to develop asphalts and recycling agents tailored for compatibility with ground tire rubber. Chapter 2 presents results on Laboratory Testing and Evaluation: fractionate asphalt material, reblending for aromatic asphalts, verifying optimal curing parameters, aging of blends, and measuring ductilities of asphalt-rubber binders. Chapter 3 focuses on Evaluating Mixture Characteristics (modified binders). Chapter 4 covers Adhesion Test Development (water susceptibility is also covered). The final chapter focuses on the Performance/Economic Update and Commercialization Plan.
Heroic efforts to save victims of Hitler's regime detailed in UI researchers are recycling worn-out tires and using them to
Lewis, Jennifer
Heroic efforts to save victims of Hitler's regime detailed in book. UI researchers are recycling worn-out tires and using them to filter out air pollution.4 6 wInside wJan. 21, 1999 I L L I N O I
Waveguide slot-excited long racetrack electron cyclotron resonance plasma source for roll-to-roll (scanning) processing
You, H.-J. [National Fusion Research Institute, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)] [National Fusion Research Institute, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)
We present a SLot-excited ANtenna (SLAN) long racetrack ECR plasma source that is utilized for roll-to-roll plasma processing such as thin film encapsulation of large-area OLED (organic light emitting diode) panel or modification of fabric surfaces. This source is designed to be long, and to operate under high density uniform plasma with sub-milli-torr pressures. The above features are accomplished by a slot-excited long racetrack resonator with a toroidal geometry of magnetic field ECR configuration, and reinforced microwave electric distributions along the central region of plasma chamber. Also, a new feature has been added to the source. This is to employ a tail plunger, which allows the microwave electric field and the uniformity of the plasma profile to be easily adjustable. We have successfully generated Ar plasmas operating with the microwave power of 0.5–3 kW in the pressure range of 0.2–10 mTorr. The plasma is uniform (<10%) in the direction of the straight track and has a Gaussian profile in the roll-to-roll (scanning) direction. In addition, it is shown that the tail plunger could adjust the plasma profile in order to obtain plasma uniformity. Furthermore, based on the results, we suggest a newly designed up-scaled racetrack-SLAN source.
Bruce, Michael R. (Austin, TX); Bruce, Victoria J. (Austin, TX); Ring, Rosalinda M. (Austin, TX); Cole, Edward Jr. I. (Albuquerque, NM); Hawkins, Charles F. (Albuquerque, NM); Tangyungong, Paiboon (Albuquerque, NM)
According to an example embodiment of the present invention a semiconductor die having a resistive electrical connection is analyzed. Heat is directed to the die as the die is undergoing a state-changing operation to cause a failure due to suspect circuitry. The die is monitored, and a circuit path that electrically changes in response to the heat is detected and used to detect that a particular portion therein of the circuit is resistive. In this manner, the detection and localization of a semiconductor die defect that includes a resistive portion of a circuit path is enhanced.
Health-hazard evaluation report HETA 91-213-2123, G. T. Jones Tire and Battery Distributing Inc. , Birmingham, Alabama
Gittleman, J.; Estacio, P.; O'Brien, D.; Montopoli, M.
In response to a request for technical assistance from the Alabama Health Department, possible hazardous working conditions at the G.T. Jones Tire and Battery Distributing Company (SIC-5093), Birmingham, Alabama were evaluated. The company employed 15 persons in battery breaking and recycling. Twelve of the workers had blood lead (7439921) levels over 60 micrograms/deciliter (microg/dl) and the average of the last three blood levels exceeded 50microg/dl for 13 of the employees. Blood lead levels greater than 60 were associated with biochemical evidence of impaired heme synthesis and impaired renal function. Fourteen workers had elevated zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) levels over 100microg/dl consistent with moderate lead poisoning. Three had ZPPs over 600 microg/dl, consistent with severe lead poisoning. The authors conclude that a health hazard existed from overexposure to lead. The authors recommend measures to reduce exposures.
Enhancing Cloud Storage Security against Roll-back Attacks with A New Fair Multi-Party Non-Repudiation Protocol
Chen, Yu
1 Enhancing Cloud Storage Security against Roll-back Attacks with A New Fair Multi-Party Non security issues in cloud storage: repudiation, fairness, and roll-back attacks. We proposed a novel fair and is capable of preventing roll-back attacks. Keywords: Cloud Storage, Non-repudiation, Roll-back Attack. 1
Latent and Manifested Flatness Predictions in Thin Strip Cold Rolling: Comparison of Coupled and non-Coupled FEM Approaches
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
approaches: the stress pattern computed by the strip rolling model are transferred into a buckling (shell
Desingularization of periodic vortex sheet roll-up
Krasny, R.
The equations governing periodic vortex sheet roll-up from analytic initial data are desingularized. Linear stability analysis shows that this diminishes the vortex sheet model's short wavelength instability, yielding a numerically more tractable set of equations. Computational evidence is presented which indicates that this approximation converges, beyond the critical time of singularity formation in the vortex sheet, if the mesh is refined and the smoothing parameter is reduced in the proper order. The results suggest that the vortex sheet rolls up into a double branched spiral past the critical time. It is demonstrated that either higher machine precision or a spectra filter can be used to maintain computational accuracy as the smoothing parameter is decreased. Some conjectures on the model's long time asymptotic state are given.
Evaluation of the Structure-induced Rolling Resistance (SRR) for pavements including
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
development (fuel consumption, gas emission), this is a current issue for the pavement design community of these factors to the theoretical energy available in the fuel for a 40-ton truck driving at a constant speed of the energy distribution of the potential energy available in the fuel, for a truck driving at constant speed
Further investigation of the impact of the co-combustion of tire-derived fuel and petroleum coke on the petrology and chemistry of coal combustion products
Hower, J.C.; Robertson, J.D.; Elswick, E.R.; Roberts, J.M.; Brandsteder, K.; Trimble, A.S.; Mardon, S.M. [University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY (United States). Center for Applied Energy Research
A Kentucky cyclone-fired unit burns coal and tire-derived fuel, sometimes in combination with petroleum coke. A parallel pulverized combustion (pc) unit at the same plant burns the same coal, without the added fuels. The petrology, chemistry, and sulfur isotope distribution in the fuel and resulting combustion products was investigated for several configurations of the fuel blend. Zinc and Cd in the combustion products are primarily contributed from the tire-derived fuel, the V and Ni are primarily from the petroleum coke, and the As and Hg are probably largely from the coal. The sulfur isotope distribution in the cyclone unit is complicated due to the varying fuel sources. The electrostatic precipitator (ESP) array in the pc unit shows a subtle trend towards heavier S isotopic ratios in the cooler end of the ESP.
Waste-tire and shingle scrap/bituminous paving test sections on the Willard Munger recreational trail gateway segment. Interim report, 1990-91
Turgeon, C.M.
The need to reduce our states dependence on land fills resulted in a unique cooperative venture by three state agencies. A partnership was forged between the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA), the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (DNR) and the Minnesota Department of Transportation (Mn/DOT) to investigate the use of recycled tire rubber and processed asphalt shingle scrap. The result is a two mile section of the Willard Munger Recreational Trail in St. Paul constructed with asphalt paving mixtures which contain varying percentages of recycled tire rubber and shingle scrap. Conventional mixing and paving equipment was utilized for construction. The application appears to be a viable alternative to landfilling these materials. However, costs for the mixtures containing rubber increased from 35% to 50% over the cost of the conventional mixture. Since the use of shingle scrap was negotiated by the private companies involved, no comparable cost data is available.
Numerical modeling of roll structures in mesoscale vortexes over the Black Sea
Iarova, D A
This paper is a case study of horizontal atmospheric rolls that formed over the Black Sea on 16 August 2007. The rolls were discovered in WRF modeling results for a mesoscale cyclone that originated over the sea on 15 August 2007. The roll formation mechanisms, such as Rayleigh-Benard convective instability, dynamic instability, advection and stretching of vertical velocity field inhomogeneities, are considered. It is shown that indeed convective instability played an important role in the roll formation but dynamic instability did not occur. In order to distinguish other possible mechanisms of the roll formation numerical experiments were performed. In these experiments sea surface temperature in the initial conditions was decreased in order to prevent convective instability. Even though convective instability was suppressed roll-like structures still appeared in the modeling results, although their height and circulation velocity were smaller than in the control run. It was found that these structures were ...
Process Design by FEM Simulation for Shape Ring Rolling of Large-Sized Ring
Lee, Y. S.; Lee, M. W. [Materials Deformation Group, Korea Institute of Materials Science.531 Changwondaero, Changwon, Gyeongsangnam 641-831 (Korea, Republic of); Park, S. S.; Lee, I. [Forging Production Division, Unison Co., Ltd. 1984, Chojeon-Ri, Sanam-Myeon, Sacheon-Si, Gyeongsangnam-Do (Korea, Republic of); Moon, Y. H. [Engineering Research Center for Net Shape and Die Manufacturing, Pusan National University, 30 Jangeon-dong, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735 (Korea, Republic of)
Ring rolling process is usually used to fabricate large-sized ring, such as, tower flange for wind power electric generator. Many kinds of seamless ring are used in wind power electric generator and manufactured by ring rolling process. In general, final part is machined after forming with shape of plain square section. Since interests for near net shaping of seamless ring have been increased gradually because of green energy, it is necessary to develop the technology for shape ring rolling with respect to the market demands and cost. Therefore, we studied the process and die design for shape ring rolling of large sized ring over 3,500 mm out diameter by experiment and FEM simulation. Ring rolling process is very difficult to solve by FEM method because of equilibrium state and size effect, etc. Moreover, shape ring rolling is more difficult to solve the problem that two plastic deformation zones are different each other, that is main roll and conical roll. Also since conical roll has a shape, deformation velocity field is very much complex and the deformed section passed axial roll is different section and velocity field. The FE simulations are performed to analyze process variables affected in forming of profiled ring. Therefore, the main features of used FE model are: (1) it adopts a transient or unsteady state full ring mesh to model the deformation processes and shape development; (2) the mandrel and conical rolls are modeled using coupled heat-transfer elements; (3) the model involves the full process from blank through perform to final profiled ring. From these calculated results, we have proposed the mechanisms of various tools, such as mandrel and conical roll. The calculated results are compared experimental results. Calculated results can predict the tilting of profiled ring and then process variables to form large sized ring.
Wind Turbine Design Guideline DG03: Yaw and Pitch Rolling Bearing Life
Harris, T.; Rumbarger, J. H.; Butterfield, C. P.
This report describes the design criteria, calculation methods, and applicable standards recommended for use in performance and life analyses of ball and roller (rolling) bearings for yaw and pitch motion support in wind turbine applications. The formulae presented here for rolling bearing analytical methods and bearing-life ratings are consistent with methods in current use by wind turbine designers and rolling-bearing manufacturers.
Energy Regulation, Roll Call Votes and Regional Resources: Evidence from Russia
Grigoriadis, Theocharis N; Torgler, Benno
Problems of the North 20. Regulation and Work organizationV. "Reform and Regulation of Natural Monopolies." (InEnergy Regulation, Roll Call Votes and Regional Resources:
Concentric-roll pattern in a dielectric barrier discharge in air
Dong, L. F.; Yue, H.; He, Y. F.; Fan, W. L.; Xiao, H.; Chen, J. Y.; Bai, Z. G. [College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002 (China)
Concentric-roll pattern in a dielectric barrier discharge in air at pd value 29.3 hPa cm is observed in the presence of circular boundary and studied by an optical method for the first time. The weak correlation between microdischarges in concentric-roll patterns indicates that the concentric roll is a spatiotemporal chaos although the space integral of microdischarges is quasiperiodic in time. Spatiotemporal measurements of microdischarges suggest that the effective electric field near the boundary is weaker than that in the interior region. The bifurcation of concentric-roll patterns with the increase of voltage and selection of characteristic wavelength are also studied.
Pre-resistance-welding resistance check
Destefan, Dennis E. (Broomfield, CO); Stompro, David A. (Idaho Falls, ID)
A preweld resistance check for resistance welding machines uses an open circuited measurement to determine the welding machine resistance, a closed circuit measurement to determine the parallel resistance of a workpiece set and the machine, and a calculation to determine the resistance of the workpiece set. Any variation in workpiece set or machine resistance is an indication that the weld may be different from a control weld.
Thermodynamic interpretation of time for superstring rolling tachyons
Hutasoit, Jimmy A.; Jokela, Niko [Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Physics, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 (United States); Helsinki Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014, University of Helsinki (Finland)
Rolling tachyon backgrounds, arising from open strings on unstable branes in bosonic string theory, can be related to a simple statistical mechanical model-Coulomb gas of point charges in two dimensions confined to a circle, the Dyson gas. In this paper we describe a statistical system that is dual to non-BPS branes in superstring theory. We argue that even though the concept of time is absent in the statistical dual sitting at equilibrium, the notion of time can emerge at the large number of particles N{yields}{infinity} limit.
Rolls Royce Fuel Cell Systems Ltd RRFCS | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page onYou are now leaving Energy.gov You are now leaving Energy.gov You are being directedAnnualProperty Edit with form HistoryRistma AG Jump to: navigation,Rolls Royce Fuel Cell Systems Ltd
Rolling Hills Estates, California: Energy Resources | Open Energy
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page onYou are now leaving Energy.gov You are now leaving Energy.gov YouKizildere IRaghuraji Agro Industries Pvt Ltd Jump to: navigation,MazeOhio:Ohio:RockwallRolling Hills Electric Coop
Rolling Hills, California: Energy Resources | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page onYou are now leaving Energy.gov You are now leaving Energy.gov YouKizildere IRaghuraji Agro Industries Pvt Ltd Jump to: navigation,MazeOhio:Ohio:RockwallRolling Hills Electric CoopHills,
Effects of pavement surface characteristics and textures on skid resistance
Tomita, Hisao
the relationship between the rate of decrea e in skid number caused by an increase in the sl idding speed and the total void 'area at the tire tread- pavemsnt interface, and (2) to determine the relationships between skid numbers and small-scale pa. vemcnt... textures combined with macro- texture parameters. Tire-pavement friction characteristics under various operating modes of the tire, field methods of measuring friction coefficients, nnd methods of measuring surface textures from the literature search...
Pulmonary function and symptoms of Nigerian workers exposed to carbon black in dry cell battery and tire factories
Oleru, U.G.; Elegbeleye, O.O.; Enu, C.C.; Olumide, Y.M.
The pulmonary function and symptoms of 125 workers exposed to carbon black in dry cell battery and tire manufacturing plants were investigated. There was no significant difference in the pulmonary function of the subjects in the two plants. There was good agreement in the symptoms reported in the two different factories: cough with phlegm production, tiredness, chest pain, catarrh, headache, and skin irritation. The symptoms also corroborate those reported in the few studies on the pulmonary effects of carbon black. The suspended particulate levels in the dry cell battery plant ranged from 25 to 34 mg/m/sup 3/ and the subjects with the highest probable exposure level had the most impaired pulmonary function. The pulmonary function of the exposed subjects was significantly lower than that of a control, nonindustrially exposed population. The drop in the lung function from the expected value per year of age was relatively constant for all the study subgroups but the drop per year of duration of employment was more severe in the earlier years of employment. This study has underscored the need for occupational health regulations in the industries of developing countries.
Non-slow-roll dynamics in $\\alpha-$attractors
Kumar, K Sravan; Moniz, Paulo Vargas; Das, Suratna
In this paper we consider the $\\alpha-$attractor model and study inflation under a generalization of slow-roll dynamics. We follow the recently proposed Gong \\& Sasaki approach \\cite{Gong:2015ypa} of assuming $N=N\\left(\\phi\\right)$. We relax the requirement of inflaton potential flatness and consider a sufficiently steep one to support 60-efoldings. We find that this type of inflationary scenario predicts an attractor at $n_{s}\\approx0.967$ and $r\\approx5.5\\times10^{-4}$ which are very close to the predictions of the first chaotic inflationary model in supergravity (Goncharov-Linde model) \\cite{Goncharov:1983mw}. We show that even with non-slow-roll dynamics, the $\\alpha-$attractor model is compatible with any value of $r<0.1$. In addition, we emphasize that in this particular inflationary scenario, the standard consistency relation $\\left(r\\simeq-8n_{t}\\right)$ is significantly violated and we find an attractor for tensor tilt at $n_{t}\\approx-0.034$ as $r\\rightarrow0$. Any prominent detection of the ...
Effects of rolling on the ductility of 80% tungsten heavy alloy
Lavender, C.A.; Gurwell, W.E.
Relations between transverse tensile ductility and rolling and annealing schedules were investigated for solid-state sintered and annealed 80%W8%Ni-2%Fe heavy alloy rolled at 900C or 1150C with varying reductions between anneals at either 1150C or 1400C. Final anneals and a solution heat treatment were employed prior to tensile testing. Metallographic and fractographic analyses were performed to determine relations between microstructure and physical properties. Multiple 1400C intermediate anneals with a maximum 60% rolling reduction produced higher transverse tensile elongations than rolled with a higher final reduction, 86%. Tensile elongation differences were attributed to the recrystallized intra-particle W grain sizes achieved during the final anneal. Materials given a maximum of 60% reduction before final anneal had fewer intra-particle W grains and therefore higher ductilities. For materials rolled at 900C or 1150C, no differences in transverse tensile elongation were observed. 1150C intermediate anneals had consistently lower ductility. 900C rolling produced slightly higher elongations than 1150C rolling, but only when the material was annealed at 1455C. Tensile yield and ultimate strengths did not vary greatly with rolling and intermediate annealing conditions. The edge cracking correlated with observed lateral spread and the material softness.
Mineral paragenesis and textures associated with sandstone-hosted roll-front uranium deposits, NW China
Fayek, Mostafa
Mineral paragenesis and textures associated with sandstone-hosted roll-front uranium deposits, NW Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Mineral Deposit Research, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People, Wuyiyi and Shihongtan sandstone-hosted roll-front uranium deposits, northwest China. The mineralization
An Investigation of Bonding Mechanism in Metal Cladding by Warm Rolling
Yang, Wei
the knowledge of the roll cladding process. To accomplish the objectives, aluminum 1100 sheet (Al 1100) and stainless steel 304 sheet (SST 304) are bonded by warm rolling under controlled conditions. The 180 degrees peel test is used to determine the bonding...
Process Cubes: Slicing, Dicing, Rolling Up and Drilling Down Event Data for Process Mining
van der Aalst, Wil
Process Cubes: Slicing, Dicing, Rolling Up and Drilling Down Event Data for Process Mining Wil M, the boundaries of a process may be fluid and there is a need to continuously view event data from different and associated operations such as slice, dice, roll-up, and drill-down. How- ever, there are also significant
ccsd-00002835,version2-14Sep2004 Light scattering from cold rolled aluminum surfaces
Boyer, Edmond
ccsd-00002835,version2-14Sep2004 Light scattering from cold rolled aluminum surfaces Damien experimental light scattering measurements from aluminum surfaces obtained by cold rolling. We show that our-polarized electromagnetic wave (632.8 nanometers) from a rough aluminum alloy plate (Al 5182). The latter was obtained
239:476-482, 1980.Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol B. J. Rolls, R. J. Wood, E. T. Rolls, H. Lind, W. Lind and J. G. Ledingham
Rolls, Edmund T.
. Rolls, H. Lind, W. Lind and J. G. Ledingham Thirst following water deprivation in humans You might find.physiology.orgDownloadedfrom #12;Thirst following water deprivation in humans BARBARA J. ROLLS, R. J. WOOD, E. T. ROLLS, H. LIND, W. LIND, AND J. G. G. LEDINGHAM Department of Experimental Psychology and Nuffield Department of Clinical
Elastic Properties of Rolled Uranium -- 10 wt.% Molybdenum Nuclear Fuel Foils
D. W. Brown; D. J. Alexander; K. D. Clarke; B. Clausen; M. A. Okuniewski; T. A. Sisneros
In situ neutron diffraction data was collected during elastic loading of rolled foils of uranium-10 wt.% molybdenum bonded to a thin layer of zirconium. Lattice parameters were ascertained from the diffraction patterns to determine the elastic strain and, subsequently, the elastic moduli and Poisson's ratio in the rolling and transverse directions. The foil was found to be elastically isotropic in the rolling plane with an effective modulus of 86 + / - 3 GPa and a Poisson's ratio 0.39 + / - 0.04.
Uranium roll front study in the upper Jackson group, Atascosa County, Texas
Miller, Michael Eugene
) that the ore zone is continually enriched by the constant migra- tion of uranium-bearing groundwater. Although roll-type deposits have sim1lar morphologies, they may form under different conditions. Iron disulfide minerals, producing the reducing... front. The ore body being examined in this study was chosen because 1t is a particularly good exposure of a roll front deposit. A roll front 1s the boundary produced when alkaline, uranium-bear1ng groundwaters encountered reducing condit1ons...
D. M. Nuruzzaman; M. A. A. Sheikh
Oil film Abstract: The Elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) minimum oil film thickness is theoretically investigated under rolling with sliding contact. The effects of contact pressure, rolling speed and slip ratio on the EHL minimum oil film thickness are calculated numerically. It is found that for a range of contact pressure from 0.5 to 3.5 GPa, the minimum oil film thickness gradually decreases with the increase in contact pressure. As the rolling speed increases from 3500 to 4500 rpm, oil film thickness is increased. It is also found that the oil film thickness is not much influenced by the slip ratio. 1
Feasibility of cold rolling titanium strip cast by the plasma melt overflow process
Gaspar, T.A. [Ribbon Technology Corp., Columbus, OH (United States); Sukonnik, I.M. [Texas Instruments, Attleboro, MA (United States); Bird, R.K.; Brewer, W.D. [National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hampton, VA (United States). Langley Research Center
A new fabrication method tailored specifically for titanium alloys and intermetallics combined direct strip casting and cold rolling to produce foil products by completely eliminating hot working steps. Titanium strips 0.4-mm- to 0.7-mm-thick and 100-mm-wide were cast by the plasma melt overflow process. The cast strips were cold rolled to 0.15-mm-thick, fully dense foils. The effect of thermal and mechanical treatments on the microstructure of the cast strip was investigated. The cold rolled foils were characterized by measurement of average surface roughness, chemical composition, gas content and tensile properties.
Effect of texture on the cold rolling behavior of an alpha-two titanium aluminide
Sukonnik, I.M.; Semiatin, S.L.; Haynes, M. (Texas Instruments, Inc., Attleboro, MA (United States) USAF, Wright Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH (United States) Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY (United States))
The effect of the texture on the cold rolling behavior of an alpha-2 titanium aluminide, Ti-14AL-21Nb (wt pct), was investigated by measuring pole figures, Knoop hardness yield loci, tensile ductility, and the starting microstructure of a number of lots of the cold-rolled material. Results showed that measurements of tensile ductility do not necessarily correlate with the cold rolling performance. On the other hand, the Knoop hardness yield locus provides a convenient quality control tool to assess lot-to-lot variations in texture and plastic anisotropy, and hence to estimate the rollability of sheet and foil specimens. 8 refs.
Measurement method for roll angular displacement with a high resolution by using diffraction gratings and a heterodyne interferometer
Tang, Shanzhi, E-mail: email@example.com [Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 (China) [Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 (China); School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049 (China); Wang, Zhao [School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049 (China)] [School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049 (China); Gao, Jianmin; Guo, Junjie [State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054 (China)] [State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054 (China)
The roll angle measurement is difficult to be achieved directly using a typical commercial interferometer due to its low sensitivity in axial direction, where the axial direction is orthogonal to the plane of the roll angular displacement. A roll angle measurement method combined diffraction gratings with a laser heterodyne interferometer is discussed in this paper. The diffraction grating placed in the plane of a roll angular displacement and the interferometer arranged in the plane's orthogonal direction, constitute the measurement pattern for the roll angle with high resolution. The roll angular displacement, considered as the linear, can be tested precisely when the corresponding angle is very small. Using the proposed method, the angle roll measurement obtains the high resolution of 0.002{sup ?}. Experiment has proved its feasibility and practicability.
Failure Atlas for Rolling Bearings in Wind Turbines
Tallian, T. E.
This Atlas is structured as a supplement to the book: T.E. Tallian: Failure Atlas for Hertz Contact Machine Elements, 2nd edition, ASME Press New York, (1999). The content of the atlas comprises plate pages from the book that contain bearing failure images, application data, and descriptions of failure mode, image, and suspected failure causes. Rolling bearings are a critical component of the mainshaft system, gearbox and generator in the rapidly developing technology of power generating wind turbines. The demands for long service life are stringent; the design load, speed and temperature regimes are demanding and the environmental conditions including weather, contamination, impediments to monitoring and maintenance are often unfavorable. As a result, experience has shown that the rolling bearings are prone to a variety of failure modes that may prevent achievement of design lives. Morphological failure diagnosis is extensively used in the failure analysis and improvement of bearing operation. Accumulated experience shows that the failure appearance and mode of failure causation in wind turbine bearings has many distinguishing features. The present Atlas is a first effort to collect an interpreted database of specifically wind turbine related rolling bearing failures and make it widely available. This Atlas is structured as a supplement to the book: T. E. Tallian: Failure Atlas for Hertz Contact Machine Elements, 2d edition, ASME Press New York, (1999). The main body of that book is a comprehensive collection of self-contained pages called Plates, containing failure images, bearing and application data, and three descriptions: failure mode, image and suspected failure causes. The Plates are sorted by main failure mode into chapters. Each chapter is preceded by a general technical discussion of the failure mode, its appearance and causes. The Plates part is supplemented by an introductory part, describing the appearance classification and failure classification systems used, and by several indexes. The present Atlas is intended as a supplement to the book. It has the same structure but contains only Plate pages, arranged in chapters, each with a chapter heading page giving a short definition of the failure mode illustrated. Each Plate page is self contained, with images, bearing and application data, and descriptions of the failure mode, the images and the suspected causes. Images are provided in two resolutions: The text page includes 6 by 9 cm images. In addition, high resolution image files are attached, to be retrieved by clicking on their 'push pin' icon. While the material in the present Atlas is self-contained, it is nonetheless a supplement to the book and the complete interpretation of the terse image descriptions and of the system underlying the failure code presupposes familiarity with the book. Since this Atlas is a supplement to the book, its chapter numbering follows that of the book. Not all failure modes covered in the book have been found among the observed wind turbines. For that reason, and because of the omission of introductory matter, the chapter numbers in this Atlas are not a continuous sequence.
Multispectral Machine Vision for Improved Undercarriage Inspection of Railroad Rolling Stock
Ahuja, Narendra
Multispectral Machine Vision for Improved Undercarriage Inspection of Railroad Rolling Stock Railroad Engineering Program - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering *Computer Vision monitoring, safety, electrical, component 1. INTRODUCTION Current practices for inspection of railroad
Rocking and rolling down an incline : the dynamics of nested cylinders on a ramp
Vener, David Paul
In this thesis, I report the results of a combined experimental and theoretical investigation of a journal bearing, specifically, a cylinder suspended in a viscous fluid housed within a cylindrical shell, rolling down an ...
Press and Dryer Roll Surgaces and Web Transfer Systems for Ultra High Paper Maching Speeds
T. F. Patterson
The objective of the project was to provide fundamental knowledge and diagnostic tools needed to design new technologies that will allow ultra high speed web transfer from press rolls and dryer cylinders.
Rolling contact fatigue in martensitic 100Cr6: Subsurface hardening and crack formation
Kang, Jee-Hyun; Vegter, R. H.; Rivera-Díaz-del-Castillo, Pedro E. J.
steels and free-cutting steels Part 17: ball and roller bearing steels, Technical Report 683–17:1999, International Organization for Standardization, 1991. [11] D. Glover, in: Rolling Contact Fatigue Testing of Bearing Steels, volume 771 of ASTM STP...
Dynamic failure prediction of cross-rolled beryllium sheets subjected to vibration loads
Serna, Oscar R.
The principal objective of this investigation is to develop and verify a numerical method for prediction of failure for cross-rolled beryllium sheet structures that are subjected to vibration loads. To this end, complementary laboratory experiments...
Contact region fidelity, sensitivity, and control in roll-based soft lithography
Petrzelka, Joseph E
Soft lithography is a printing process that uses small features on an elastomeric stamp to transfer micron and sub-micron patterns to a substrate. Translating this lab scale process to a roll-based manufacturing platform ...
Reassembling the rolling bridge : an art gallery at Fort Point Channel, Boston
Lim, Winston E
Spanning the Fort Point Channel for nearly a century, Boston's Rolling Bridge is a familiar landmark to many railway commuters and residents of the city. Its robust steel assembly, characterized by three anthropomorphic ...
Groundwater Nitrogen Source Identification and Remediation in the Texas High Plains and Rolling Plains Regions
Delaune, P.; Scanlon, B.; Reedy, R.; Schwartz, R.; Baumhardt, L.; Gregory, L.
data on potential management strategies that can remediate groundwater nitrate levels, this project was developed. The primary objective was to identify sources of groundwater nitrate in the Texas High Plains and Rolling Plains and the secondary...
On the role of flexoeffect in synchronization of electroconvective roll oscillations in nematics
Batyrshin, E. S., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Krekhov, A. P.; Scaldin, O. A.; Delev, V. A. [Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Molecular and Crystal Physics, Ufa Research Center (Russian Federation)
We describe the dynamics of zigzag oscillations in a system of convective rolls in a nematic liquid crystal above the electroconvection threshold under the action of an ac voltage with a biased position of the mean value. It is found that an increase in the contribution from the constant component leads to a substantial increase in the spatiotemporal ordering of zigzag rolls and their synchronization with the homogeneous twist mode. The results confirm the flexoelectric mechanism of locking.
Bites and B-Roll: Announcments of the Architecture Contest Winners
Broadcast-quality downloads of this video are available free and unrestricted at http://stratacomm.net/solar-decathlon... Video contains announcements of the architecture awards announcement at the 2009 Solar Decathlon. Includes announcement and house b-roll of 1st place winner Team California and 2nd place winner Rice University's houses, general Solar Village b-roll, and bites from students and architecture experts
Bites and B-Roll: Announcments of the Architecture Contest Winners
Broadcast-quality downloads of this video are available free and unrestricted at http://stratacomm.net/solar-decathlon... Video contains announcements of the architecture awards announcement at the 2009 Solar Decathlon. Includes announcement and house b-roll of 1st place winner Team California and 2nd place winner Rice University's houses, general Solar Village b-roll, and bites from students and architecture experts
Industrial Technologies Program ORNL-developed cast nickel aluminide rolls
strength and oxidation resistance. · · · · Metal Infusion Surface Treatment (MIST) (2006)--a process for infusing up to 51 elements into metal and alloy surfaces, MIST lengthens the life of metalworking technology and the deployment of industrial wireless technologies. #12;Nanomanufacturing Metal Infusion
Genetics and mechanism of resistance to Meloidogyne arenaria in advanced generation peanut germplasm
Choi, Kuicheon
-2, TP259-3, TP262- 3, TP263-2, TP268-3 and TP271-2 were tested to identify the genetic basis for resistance to M. arenaria. Seeds of these lines, which were segregating for resistance to M. arenaria, were provided by C. E. Simpson, Texas 23... 263-2, TP268 ? 3, and TP271-2. Fifty seeds of each line were dusted with the fungicide Captan (N-trichloromethylthiocyclohex-4-ene-1, 2-dicaboximide), placed into moist, rolled germination paper, and incubated at 25'C. After four days, seedlings...
LES Simulations of Roll Clouds Observed During Mixed- Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment
Greenberg, S.D.; Harrington, J.Y.; Prenni, A.; DeMott, P.
Roll clouds, and associated roll convection, are fairly common features of the atmospheric boundary layer. While these organized cumuliform clouds are found over many regions of the planet, they are quite ubiquitous near the edge of the polar ice sheets. In particular, during periods of off-ice flow, when cold polar air flows from the ice pack over the relatively warm ocean water, strong boundary layer convection develops along with frequent rolls. According to Bruemmer and Pohlman (2000), most of the total cloud cover in the Arctic is due to roll clouds. In an effort to examine the influences of mixed-phase microphysics on the boundary layer evolution of roll clouds during off-ice flow, Olsson and Harrington (2000) used a 2D mesoscale model coupled to a bulk microphysical scheme (see Section 2). Their results showed that mixed-phase clouds produced more shallow boundary layers with weaker turbulence than liquid-phase cases. Furthermore, their results showed that because of th e reduced turbulent drag on the atmosphere in the mixed-phase case, regions of mesoscale divergence in the marginal ice-zone were significantly affected. A follow-up 2D study (Harrington and Olsson 2001) showed that the reduced turbulent intensity in mixed-phase cases was due to precipitation. Ice precipitation caused downdraft stabilization which fed back and caused a reduction in the surface heat fluxes. In this work, we extend the work of Olsson and Harrington (2000) and Harrington and Olsson (2001) by examining the impacts of ice microphysics on roll convection. We will present results that illustrate how microphysics alters roll cloud structure and dynamics.
Controlled rolling process for dual phase steels and application to rod, wire, sheet and other shapes
Thomas, Gareth (Berkeley, CA); Ahn, Jae-Hwan (Albany, CA); Kim, Nack-Joon (Laramie, WY)
An improved, energy efficient, hot rolling method for direct production of cold formable dual-phase steel is provided. The steel is heated to completely austenitize it and then continuously hot rolled and cooled down into the ferrite-austenite two phase region to a temperature which is just below the effective Ar.sub.3 temperature. The hot rolled steel is then rapidly quenched to provide an alloy containing strong, tough lath martensite (fibers) in a ductile soft ferrite matrix. The method is particularly useful for providing rods in which form the alloy is capable of being drawn into high strength wire or the like in a cold drawing operation without any intermediate annealing or patenting, and has excellent strength, ductility and fatigue characteristics.
Controlled rolling process for dual phase steels and application to rod, wire, sheet and other shapes
Thomas, G.; Ahn, J.H.; Kim, N.J.
An improved, energy efficient, hot rolling method for direct production of cold formable dual-phase steel is provided. The steel is heated to completely austenitize it and then continuously hot rolled and cooled down into the ferrite-austenite two phase region to a temperature which is just below the effective Ar[sub 3] temperature. The hot rolled steel is then rapidly quenched to provide an alloy containing strong, tough lath martensite (fibers) in a ductile soft ferrite matrix. The method is particularly useful for providing rods in which form the alloy is capable of being drawn into high strength wire or the like in a cold drawing operation without any intermediate annealing or patenting, and has excellent strength, ductility and fatigue characteristics. 3 figs.
Power Spectra beyond the Slow Roll Approximation in Theories with Non-Canonical Kinetic Terms
Carsten van de Bruck; Mathew Robinson
We derive analytical expressions for the power spectra at the end of inflation in theories with two inflaton fields and non-canonical kinetic terms. We find that going beyond the slow-roll approximation is necessary and that the nature of the non-canonical terms have an important impact on the final power spectra at the end of inflation. We study five models numerically and find excellent agreement with our analytical results. Our results emphasise the fact that going beyond the slow-roll approximation is important in times of high-precision data coming from cosmological observations.
Extended Kalman Filter Based Neural Networks Controller For Hot Strip Rolling mill
Moussaoui, A. K. [Electrical Engineering Laboratory of Guelma (LGEG), BP.401, University of Guelma, 24000 (Algeria); Abbassi, H. A.; Bouazza, S. [Universite Badji Mokhtar BP 12--23000-Annaba Algerie (Algeria)
The present paper deals with the application of an Extended Kalman filter based adaptive Neural-Network control scheme to improve the performance of a hot strip rolling mill. The suggested Neural Network model was implemented using Bayesian Evidence based training algorithm. The control input was estimated iteratively by an on-line extended Kalman filter updating scheme basing on the inversion of the learned neural networks model. The performance of the controller is evaluated using an accurate model estimated from real rolling mill input/output data, and the usefulness of the suggested method is proved.
An investigation of the rolling characteristics of two general aviation airplanes for the landing approach
Chevalier, Howard Louis
. S. , ARM College of Texas Directed By: Dr. Hilliam P. Jones This report presents the results of a flight test investiga- tion to determine the rolling characteristics of two general avia- tion airplanes: a DeHavilland Beaver DHC-2 and a... APPENDIX 28 30 31 35 38 39 40 43 VITA 46 LIST OF TABLES ~Pa e Table 1. Summary of Test Conditions A. Beechcraft T ? 34B (Landing Gear Down) 9 B. DeHavilland Beaver DHC-2 Table 2. Roll Control Power Requirements Table 3. Comparison...
Washboard Road: The Dynamics of Granular Ripples Formed by Rolling Wheels Nicolas Taberlet,1,2,* Stephen W. Morris,3
McElwaine, Jim
experiments on rippled granular surfaces formed under rolling wheels. Ripples appear above a critical speed surface under tangential stress is reminiscent of other sorts of wind- and water-driven ripples [2 rolled freely on the sand bed as the table rotated at a constant speed. No torque was applied
Correlates of ball size and rolling speed in the dung beetle Kheper nigroaeneus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Tomkins, Joseph L.
of Zoology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, WA, Australia 2 Department of Zoology 1998) Abstract Ball rolling in dung beetles is an energy expensive activity associated with elevated such activities are particularly demanding in terms of energy, such as migratory Żight, or agility required
Development of the Roll type Incremental Micro Pattern Imprint System for Large Area Pattern Replication
Boyer, Edmond
were conducted to evaluate the system feasibility and process parameters effect, such as flat mold available polycarbonate sheets were used for tests and results showed that the developed R2F system: Flexible Display, Roll-to-Flat Thermal Imprint, Micro Pattern Replication, Polycarbonate 1 Introduction
Simulation of vortex sheet roll-up: chaos, azimuthal waves, ring merger
Krasny, Robert
Simulation of vortex sheet roll-up: chaos, azimuthal waves, ring merger Robert KRASNY1 , Keith-1109 USA firstname.lastname@example.com National Center for Atmospheric Research, Climate andGlobal Dynamics Boulder, axisymmetric, and three- dimensional flow Krasny &Nitsche 2001; Lindsay & Krasny 2001. Vor- tex sheet
Noise Localization via Acoustic Emission Monitoring on a Rolling Leaf Bascule Bridge
- ing and closing of a large, double-leaf rolling-lift bascule bridge. The data were analyzed using paint was not removed. Our testing method was consistent with that described in the project proposal eddy- current displacement sensors and two Schaevitz Accustar II electronic clinometers were affixed
Press Release Von Roll Inova to build the UK's largest energy-from-waste
Columbia University
, and regenerative heat recovery is used to boost the plant's overall energy efficiency. The majority of the waste and commercial waste per year in average and generate 72 MW of electrical energy. Riverside Resource Recovery LtdPress Release Von Roll Inova to build the UK's largest energy-from-waste plant Zürich, September, 1
The Density Perturbation Power Spectrum to Second-Order Corrections in the Slow-Roll Expansion
Ewan D. Stewart; Jin-Ook Gong
We set up a formalism that can be used to calculate the power spectrum of the curvature perturbations produced during inflation up to arbitrary order in the slow-roll expansion, and explicitly calculate the power spectrum and spectral index up to second-order corrections.
Effects of thermal treatment on the co-rolled U-Mo fuel foils
Dennis D. Keiser, Jr.; Tammy L. Trowbridge; Cynthia R. Breckenridge; Brady L. Mackowiak; Glenn A. Moore; Barry H. Rabin; Mitchell K. Meyer
A monolithic fuel type is being developed to convert US high performance research and test reactors such as Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) at Idaho National Laboratory from highly enriched uranium (HEU) to low-enriched uranium (LEU). The interaction between the cladding and the U-Mo fuel meat during fuel fabrication and irradiation is known to have negative impacts on fuel performance, such as mechanical integrity and dimensional stability. In order to eliminate/minimize the direct interaction between cladding and fuel meat, a thin zirconium diffusion barrier was introduced between the cladding and U-Mo fuel meat through a co-rolling process. A complex interface between the zirconium and U-Mo was developed during the co-rolling process. A predictable interface between zirconium and U-Mo is critical to achieve good fuel performance since the interfaces can be the weakest link in the monolithic fuel system. A post co-rolling annealing treatment is expected to create a well-controlled interface between zirconium and U-Mo. A systematic study utilizing post co-rolling annealing treatment has been carried out. Based on microscopy results, the impacts of the annealing treatment on the interface between zirconium and U-Mo will be presented and an optima annealing treatment schedule will be suggested. The effects of the annealing treatment on the fuel performance will also be discussed.
The Effect of Rare Earth Elements, Temperature and Rolling Speed on the Microstructure Evolution of Magnesium
Barthelat, Francois
of Magnesium Jie Paną, supervised by Mehdi Sanjarią and Prof. Stephen Yueą ąDepartment of Mining and Materials and neodymium additive samples were acquired then subsequently rolled at different temperatures (300°C and 450°C of the precipitate which led to a less pinning effect. ·The neodymium samples have longer grain growth period than
Stabilisation of ferrite in hot rolled d-TRIP steel , K. Y. Lee2
Cambridge, University of
Stabilisation of ferrite in hot rolled d-TRIP steel H. L. Yi1 , K. Y. Lee2 and H. K. D. H of retained austenite present in association with bainitic ferrite. It has as its major microstructural component, dendrites of d-ferrite introduced during solidification. The d-ferrite replaces
Combination of surface nanocrystallization and co-rolling: creating multilayer nanocrystalline composites
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
metals like iron, titanium, copper or stainless steel have shown an improved mechanical strength as well face-centered cubic (fcc) austenitic stainless steel. For the experimental tests, 120x120x1 mm3 plates- rolling process performed at 550 °C. This duplex method leads to the formation of a semi
An Experiment on Length Perception with a Virtual Rolling Stone Hsin-Yun Yao Vincent Hayward
Hayward, Vincent
the hand. It is natural that learned gravity-related invariance in humans (and probably in most animals) be An Experiment on Length Perception with a Virtual Rolling Stone Hsin-Yun Yao Vincent Hayward contingency posits that humans exploit invariants about the physics of their environment and about their own
Fabrication of "Roll-off" and "Sticky" Superhydrophobic Cellulose Surfaces via Plasma Processing
Breedveld, Victor
Fabrication of "Roll-off" and "Sticky" Superhydrophobic Cellulose Surfaces via Plasma Processing. In Final Form: January 10, 2008 Most of the artificial superhydrophobic surfaces that have been fabricated, but it is not superhydrophobic. Superhydrophobicity on cellulose paper was obtained by domain- selective etching of amorphous
Supplementary Information for "Rolling quantum dice with a superconducting qubit" R. Barends,1,
Martinis, John M.
Supplementary Information for "Rolling quantum dice with a superconducting qubit" R. Barends,1, J to this work. [1] Barends, R. et al. Superconducting quantum circuits at the surface code threshold for fault of a superconducting qubit. Phys. Rev. A 82, 042339 (2010). [4] Chow, J. M. et al. Implementing optimal control pulse
Water and nitrate exchange between cultivated ecosystems and groundwater in the Rolling Pampas
Nacional de San Luis, Universidad
model (UPFLOW) suggested that at TS groundwater supplied an importanWater and nitrate exchange between cultivated ecosystems and groundwater in the Rolling Pampas Agropecuaria Parana´, INTA, Ruta 11 km 12.5, 3101 Oro Verde, Argentina 1. Introduction Biogeochemical exchange
DONOR HONOR ROLL -2012 Michael Allen Alice L. Bean, PhD
DONOR HONOR ROLL - 2012 > $1000 Michael Allen Alice L. Bean, PhD Gisela M. Dreschhoff, PhD LCDR, Inc COL Brenda S. Johnson and LTC Lindley N. Johnson Carleton J. Lindgren, PhD Jack W. Lowry. Pintar, PhD Stephen J. Sanders, PhD Robert D. Talty, PhD & Dorothy W. Talty Bruce A. Twarog, PhD
Hydrogen permeation resistant barrier
McGuire, J.C.; Brehm, W.F.
A hydrogen permeation resistant barrier is formed by diffusing aluminum into an iron or nickel alloy and forming an intermetallic aluminide layer.
From Consumer Resistance to Stakeholder Resistance The case of nanotechnology*
Boyer, Edmond
1 From Consumer Resistance to Stakeholder Resistance The case of nanotechnology* Caroline Gauthier proposes to study the resistance of stakeholders, by exploring the nanotech field. Nanotechnology is today in the resistance context. Keywords. Nanotechnology; Resistance Bio. Caroline Gauthier is currently Professor
High-strength high-conductivity Cu-Nb microcomposite sheet fabricated via multiple roll bonding
Jha, S.C.; Delagi, R.G.; Forster, J.A. (Texas Instruments Materials and Control Group, Attleboro, MA (United States)); Krotz, P.D. (Rockwell International Corp., Huntsville, AL (United States))
Copper-niobium microcomposites are a new class of high-strength high-conductivity materials that have attractive properties for room- and elevated-temperature applications. Since Nb has little solid solubility in Cu, addition of Nb to Cu does not affect its conductivity. Copper-niobium microcomposites are melted and cast so that the microstructure of cast Cu-Nb ingots consists of 1- to 10 [mu]m Nb dendrites uniformly distributed within the copper matrix. Extensive wire drawing with a true processing strain ([eta][gt] 12) of Cu-Nb alloy leads to refinement and elongation of Nb dendrites into 1- to 10 nm-thick filaments. The presence of such fine Nb filaments causes a significant increase in the strength of Cu-Nb wires. The tensile strength of heavily drawn Cu-Nb wires was determined to be significantly higher than the values predicted by the rule of mixtures. This article reports the fabrication of high-strength Cu-Nb microcomposite sheet by multiple roll bonding. It is difficult and impractical to attain high processing strains ([eta][gt]3) by simple cold rolling. In most practical cold-rolling operation, the thickness reduction does not exceed 90 pct ([eta] [approx equal]2). Therefore, innovative processing is required to generate high strength in Cu-Nb microcomposite sheet. Multiple roll bonding of Cu-Nb has been utilized to store high processing strain ( [eta][gt]10) in the material and refine the Nb particle size within the copper matrix. This article describes the microstructure, mechanical properties, and thermal stability of roll-bonded Cu-Nb microcomposite sheet.
Correspondences DDT resistance in
Buckling, Angus
Magazine R587 Correspondences DDT resistance in flies carries no cost Caroline McCart1, Angus to carry a cost in the absence of pesticide and consequently not to spread to fixation [1,2]. However, DDT resistance in Drosophila melanogaster (DDT-R) is approaching fixation globally, long after withdrawl of DDT
AC Resistance measuring instrument
Hof, Peter J. (Richland, WA)
An auto-ranging AC resistance measuring instrument for remote measurement of the resistance of an electrical device or circuit connected to the instrument includes a signal generator which generates an AC excitation signal for application to a load, including the device and the transmission line, a monitoring circuit which provides a digitally encoded signal representing the voltage across the load, and a microprocessor which operates under program control to provide an auto-ranging function by which range resistance is connected in circuit with the load to limit the load voltage to an acceptable range for the instrument, and an auto-compensating function by which compensating capacitance is connected in shunt with the range resistance to compensate for the effects of line capacitance. After the auto-ranging and auto-compensation functions are complete, the microprocessor calculates the resistance of the load from the selected range resistance, the excitation signal, and the load voltage signal, and displays of the measured resistance on a digital display of the instrument.
AC resistance measuring instrument
Hof, P.J.
An auto-ranging AC resistance measuring instrument for remote measurement of the resistance of an electrical device or circuit connected to the instrument includes a signal generator which generates an AC excitation signal for application to a load, including the device and the transmission line, a monitoring circuit which provides a digitally encoded signal representing the voltage across the load, and a microprocessor which operates under program control to provide an auto-ranging function by which range resistance is connected in circuit with the load to limit the load voltage to an acceptable range for the instrument, and an auto-compensating function by which compensating capacitance is connected in shunt with the range resistance to compensate for the effects of line capacitance. After the auto-ranging and auto-compensation functions are complete, the microprocessor calculates the resistance of the load from the selected range resistance, the excitation signal, and the load voltage signal, and displays of the measured resistance on a digital display of the instrument. 8 figs.
An Active Rule Language for ROCK & ROLL Andrew Dinn, Norman W. Patony, M. Howard Williams and Alvaro A.A.
Fernandes, Alvaro A. A.
An Active Rule Language for ROCK & ROLL Andrew Dinn, Norman W. Patony, M. Howard Williams, Riccarton, Edinburgh, UK email: !andrew,firstname.lastname@example.com Department of Computer Sciencey, University
Rolling stones: The motion of a sphere down an inclined plane coated with a thin liquid film
Bico, Jose
A spherical bead deposited on a smooth tilted dry plane wall rolls down the slope under the uniform acceleration of gravity. We describe an analogous experiment conducted using a plane wall that is coated with a thin layer ...
Dinner Buffetchoose three entrees or two entrees and one carving station. served with warmed yeast rolls, tea, water and coffee.
Arnold, Jonathan
with warmed yeast rolls, tea, water and coffee. Entrees Tuscan Chicken, stuffed with portobello mushrooms dressings Roasted Corn and Black Bean, with vinaigrette on a bed of bibb lettuce Baby Spinach, with fresh
Phase boundaries and deformation in high nitrogen duplex stainless steels; 1: Rolling texture development
Akdut, N. (Inst. fuer Metallkunde und Metallphysik, Aachen (Germany). RWTH Aachen); Foct, J. (Univ. de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq (France). Lab. de Metallurgie Physique)
The texture development during cold rolling of two nitrogen alloyed duplex stainless steels with different nitrogen contents and different microstructures were investigated. The fcc phases of both duplex steels show an almost identical texture development in contrast to the ferritic phases. In single phase ferritic steels a typical fiber type texture develops to slip on [110], [112] and [123] planes. In contrast to this, the ferritic phase of duplex steel D1 deforms mainly by slip on [110] planes so that no typical fiber type texture can be observed. The texture development of the cast specimen D2 is characterized by its random character in the ferritic phase. This proves that besides the microstructure, nitrogen strongly influences the deformation mechanisms. Furthermore, it appears that for both phases the intensities of the cold rolling textures decrease. Induced by the phase boundaries, strong shear components appear as well as the activation of additional slip systems and the refinement of the microstructure.
Roll Wave Effects on Annular Condensing Heat Transfer in Horizontal PCCS Condenser Tube
Masaya Kondo; Hideo Nakamura; Yoshinari Anoda [Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Tokai-mura 319-1195 (Japan); Sadanori Saishu; Hiroyuki Obata; Rumi Shimada [Japan Atomic Power Company (Japan); Shinichi Kawamura [Tokyo Electric Power Company, Incorporated, 1-3, Uchisaiwai-cho 1-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 1008560 (Japan)
A horizontal in-tube condensation heat exchanger is under investigation to be used for a passive containment cooling system (PCCS) of a next generation-type BWR. The flow conditions in the horizontal condenser tube were observed both visually and by local void fraction fluctuation. The observed flow regimes at a rated condition were annular flow at the tube inlet, and turned gradually into wavy flow and smooth stratified flow along the length of the tube. It was found further that frequency of the roll waves that appear on the liquid film in the annular flow is closely related to the measured local condensation heat transfer coefficient. Based on the flow observation, the roll wave frequency and measured condensation heat transfer coefficient, a model is proposed which predicts the condensation heat transfer coefficient particularly for annular flows around the tube inlet region. The proposed heat transfer model predicts well the influences of pressure, local gas-phase velocity and film thickness. (authors)
Universality of the Volume Bound in Slow-Roll Eternal Inflation
Dubovsky, Sergei; Senatore, Leonardo; Villadoro, Giovanni
It has recently been shown that in single field slow-roll inflation the total volume cannot grow by a factor larger than e{sup S{sub dS}/2} without becoming infinite. The bound is saturated exactly at the phase transition to eternal inflation where the probability to produce infinite volume becomes non zero. We show that the bound holds sharply also in any space-time dimensions, when arbitrary higher-dimensional operators are included and in the multi-field inflationary case. The relation with the entropy of de Sitter and the universality of the bound strengthen the case for a deeper holographic interpretation. As a spin-off we provide the formalism to compute the probability distribution of the volume after inflation for generic multi-field models, which might help to address questions about the population of vacua of the landscape during slow-roll inflation.
Continuous roll-to-roll a-Si photovoltaic manufacturing technology. Semiannual technical progress report, 1 April 1992--30 September 1992
Izu, M. [Energy Conversion Devices, Inc., Troy, MI (United States)
This report describes work performed by ECD to advance its roll-to-roll, triple-junction photovoltaic manufacturing technologies; to reduce the module production costs; to increase the stabilized module performance; and to expand the commercial capacity utilizing ECD technology. The 3-year goal is to develop advanced large-scale manufacturing technology incorporating ECD`s earlier research advances with the capability of producing modules with stable 11% efficiency at a cost of approximately $1/W{sub p}. Major efforts during Phase I are (1) the optimization of the high-performance back-reflector system, (2) the optimization of a-Si-Ge narrow band-gap solar cell, and (3) the optimization of the stable efficiency of the module. The goal is to achieve a stable 8% efficient 0.3-m {times} 1.2-m (1-ft {times} 4-ft) module. Also, the efforts include work on a proprietary, high-deposition-rate, microwave plasma, CVD manufacturing technology; and on the investigation of material cost reduction.
Co-Rolled U10Mo/Zirconium-Barrier-Layer Monolithic Fuel Foil Fabrication Process
G. A. Moore; M. C. Marshall
Integral to the current UMo fuel foil processing scheme being developed at Idaho National Laboratory (INL) is the incorporation of a zirconium barrier layer for the purpose of controlling UMo-Al interdiffusion at the fuel-meat/cladding interface. A hot "co-rolling" process is employed to establish a ~25-µm-thick zirconium barrier layer on each face of the ~0.3-mm-thick U10Mo fuel foil.
A comparison of alternative tillage practices and machinery management strategies in the Texas Rolling Plains
Maddox, Jim Dalton
for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE December 1987 Major Subject: Agricultural Economics A COMPARISON OF CONVENTIONAL AND ALTERNATIVE TILLAGE PRACTICES AND MACHINERY MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN THE TEXAS ROLLING PLAINS A Thesis by Jim Dalton Maddox... for reduced till/diking was $51. 83 higher for cotton, $ 21. 65 higher for sorghum, and only $0. 60 lower for wheat. The initial machinery investment in reduced till/diking was $18, 000 to $23, 000 lower than conventional till. When analyzed by enterprise...
Nonlinear Response and Stability Analysis of Vessel Rolling Motion in Random Waves Using Stochastic Dynamical Systems
Su, Zhiyong
................................................................83 viii LIST OF FIGURES Fig. 1. Body fixed coordinate system x-y and principal system xN - yN ......................... 6 Fig. 2. Illustration of the SCK equation (2.8) (Moe, 1997.... 5. Rolling moment amplitude per unit wave height ............................................... 41 Fig. 6. GZ curve of T-AGOS (C1=3.618m,C3=-2.513m) ............................................ 42 Fig. 7. Comparison of original force...
Failure prediction of cross-rolled beryllium sheets subjected to transverse point loads
Mascorro, Edward
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Ultimate Strengths for Cross-Rolled SR-200 Beryllium Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Failure Coefficients for SR-200 Beryllium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Dimensions and Edge Conditions of Plate Bending Specimens...-Axis Note: 1 ksi = 6. 9 MPa 78. 0 81. 8 95. 5 100. 2 oz = 116, az = 127 77. 4 25 Fig. 19 is a graphical representation of contours of the three-dimensional stress failure surface. All four quadrants are constructed from Eq. 4 and the beryllium...
Concours Cayley Canada Canadian Team Honour Roll / Palmars des quipes l'chelle nationale
Le Roy, Robert J.
Concours Cayley  Canada Canadian Team Honour Roll / Palmarès des équipes à l'échelle nationale Cayley Contest  Canada 11 There were 1011 three-student teams. Il y avait 1011 équipes de trois élèves UPPER CANADA COLLEGE TORONTO ON 374 17 GLENFOREST S.S. MISSISSAUGA ON 373 18 LOWER CANADA COLLEGE
Concours Fermat Canada Canadian Team Honour Roll / Palmars des quipes l'chelle nationale
Le Roy, Robert J.
Concours Fermat  Canada Canadian Team Honour Roll / Palmarès des équipes à l'échelle nationale Fermat Contest  Canada Rank / Position 53 - 97 100 - 193 203 - 292 302 - 397 410 - 496 509 - 591 603 CHURCHILL H.S. CALGARY AB 381 9 WESTERN CANADA H.S. CALGARY AB 380 10 EARL HAIG S.S. NORTH YORK ON 377
Nonlinear Response and Stability Analysis of Vessel Rolling Motion in Random Waves Using Stochastic Dynamical Systems
Su, Zhiyong
................................................................83 viii LIST OF FIGURES Fig. 1. Body fixed coordinate system x-y and principal system xN - yN ......................... 6 Fig. 2. Illustration of the SCK equation (2.8) (Moe, 1997.... 5. Rolling moment amplitude per unit wave height ............................................... 41 Fig. 6. GZ curve of T-AGOS (C1=3.618m,C3=-2.513m) ............................................ 42 Fig. 7. Comparison of original force...
Profitable uses of the conservation reserve acreage on dryland farms in the northern Rolling Plains of Texas
Workman, Donald Rae
PROFITABLE USES OF THE CONSERVATION RESERVE ACREAGE ON DRYLAND FARMS IN THE NORTHERN ROLLING PLAINS OF TEXAS A Thesis by Donald R. Workman Submitted to the Graduate School of the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas in partial... fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE August 1962 Agricultural Economics PROFITAE E USES OF THE CONSERVATION RESERVE ACREAGE ON DRYLAND FARMS IN THE NORTHERN ROLLING FDAINS OF TE3QIB A Thesis Donald R, Workman Approved...
An Economic Analysis of Cotton Gin Plants -- High Plains, Rolling Plains and Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas.
Thompson, Russell G.; Ward, J. M.
----------------------------------------ll Revenues Per Bale 12 Costs Per Bale ............................................. 12 An Economic Analysis Of Cotton Gin Plants- High Plains, Rolling Plains and Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas u NITED STATES COTTON PRODUCTION has migrated west...Cotton An Economic Analysis t.-7 1 JULY 1964 Gin Plants- Rolling Plains and Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION High Plains, SUMMARY GINNING REVENUES and costs per bale were...
Effectiveness of two spraying systems for bollworm suppression, canopy penetration, and drift reduction in the Rolling Plains of Texas
Robinson, John Robert Calvert
EFFECTIVENESS OF TWO SPRAYING SYSTEMS FOR BOLLWORM SUPPRESSION, CANOPY PENETRATION, AND DRIFT REDUCTION IN THE ROLLING PLAINS OF TEXAS A Thesis by JOHN ROBERT CALVERT ROBINSON Submitted to the Graduate College of Texas A8B University... in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE May 1986 Major Subject: Entomology EFFECTIVENESS OF TWO SPRAYING SYSTEMS FOR BOLLWORM SUPPRESSION, CANOPY PENETRATION, AND DRIFT REDUCTION IN THE ROLLING PLAINS OF TEXAS A...
Hill, David E [Knoxville, TN; Greenbaum, Elias [Knoxville, TN
A freeze resistant buoy system includes a tail-tube buoy having a thermally insulated section disposed predominantly above a waterline, and a thermo-siphon disposed predominantly below the waterline.
Rolling, Rolling, Rolling: Roller Window Shades | Department...
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
anyway, even if our windows were of the highest efficiency. One of my colleagues in a solar energy group I belonged to was a distributor of a high R-value quilted roller window...
Hydrogen Permeation Resistant Coatings
As the National Hydrogen Economy continues to develop and evolve the need for structural materials that can resist hydrogen assisted degradation will become critical. To date austenitic stainless steel materials have been shown to be mildly susceptible to hydrogen attack which results in lower mechanical and fracture strengths. As a result, hydrogen permeation barrier coatings may be applied to these ferrous alloys to retard hydrogen ingress. Hydrogen is known to be very mobile in materials of construction. In this study, the permeation resistance of bare stainless steel samples and coated stainless steel samples was tested. The permeation resistance was measured using a modular permeation rig using a pressure rise technique. The coating microstructure and permeation results will be discussed in this document as will some additional testing.
Chemical banding revealed by chemical etching in a cold-rolled metastable stainless steel
Celada, C., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [MATERALIA Research Group, Department of Physical Metallurgy, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalúrgicas (CENIM-CSIC), Av. Gregorio del Amo 8, 28040 Madrid (Spain); Toda-Caraballo, I., E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ (United Kingdom); Kim, B., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ (United Kingdom); San Martín, D., E-mail: email@example.com [MATERALIA Research Group, Department of Physical Metallurgy, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalúrgicas (CENIM-CSIC), Av. Gregorio del Amo 8, 28040 Madrid (Spain)
The current work describes the metallographic characterization of the initial microstructure of a cold rolled precipitation hardening semi-austenitic stainless steel (12Cr–9Ni–4Mo–2Cu–1Ti, in wt.%). The use of the Lichtenegger and Blöch (L–B) color etching solution has been shown to reveal not only the phases present in the microstructure, but also the existence of chemical banding along the rolling direction. The L–B reagent has been found to color the microstructure in bands depending on what alloying elements have segregated to each band. Two-dimensional electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) maps have shown that Ni, Cu and Ti segregate together in the bands, while Cr has an opposite behavior. Mo has a mixed segregation behavior although much weaker than the other elements and more prompt to segregate like Ni does. A direct comparison of light optical micrographs with the EPMA maps of the same area of the microstructure has enable to establish a direct relationship between the alloying element band concentration and the resulting etching color contrast obtained with the L–B reagent. Thermodynamic calculations predict that solidification in this steel takes place with ferrite as the primary phase. Equilibrium partitioning coefficient calculations seem to support the observed segregation patterns. - Highlights: • A cold rolled metastable stainless steel has been characterized thoroughly. • EPMA shows that Ni, Cu and Ti segregate together; Cr in an opposite way. • L–B color etching is sensitive to the segregation of these chemical elements. • This chemical banding has been reduced by applying a homogenization heat treatment. • Partitioning coefficient calculations agree with the observed segregation patterns.
Information Basic to Farm Adjustments in the Rolling Plains Area of Texas.
Bonnen, C. A. (Clarence Alfred); Czarowitz, P. H. (Philmore Hempel)
, affeptiny but few farms. Because of the local nature of hail storms they may have no widespread effect upon farm incomes, but may cause partial or complete crop failures on a few farms. Damage to young crors from wind results through the rapid movement...A. B. CONNER. DIRECTOR \\ College Station, Texas \\ i 'i RULLETIS SO. 61'1 SEPTEJPEER 1942 I -4. INFORMATION BASIC TO FARM ADJUST- BTENTS IN THE ROLLING PLAIXS AREA4 OF TEXAS Di~sion of Farm nncl Xwnch Economics 3ULTURAL AND MECH...
Method for making MgO buffer layers on rolled nickel or copper as superconductor substrates
Paranthaman, Mariappan (Knoxville, TN); Goyal, Amit (Knoxville, TN); Kroeger, Donald M. (Knoxville, TN); List, III, Frederic A. (Andersonville, TN)
Buffer layer architectures are epitaxially deposited on biaxially-textured rolled-Ni and/or Cu substrates for high current conductors, and more particularly buffer layer architectures such as MgO/Ag/Pt/Ni, MgO/Ag/Pd/Ni, MgO/Ag/Ni, MgO/Ag/Pd/Cu, MgO/Ag/Pt/Cu, and MgO/Ag/Cu. Techniques used to deposit these buffer layers include electron beam evaporation, thermal evaporation, rf magnetron sputtering, pulsed laser deposition, metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), combustion CVD, and spray pyrolysis.
MgO buffer layers on rolled nickel or copper as superconductor substrates
Paranthaman, Mariappan (Knoxville, TN); Goyal, Amit (Knoxville, TN); Kroeger, Donald M. (Knoxville, TN); List, III, Frederic A. (Andersonville, TN)
Buffer layer architectures are epitaxially deposited on biaxially-textured rolled-Ni and/or Cu substrates for high current conductors, and more particularly buffer layer architectures such as MgO/Ag/Pt/Ni, MgO/Ag/Pd/Ni, MgO/Ag/Ni, MgO/Ag/Pd/Cu, MgO/Ag/Pt/Cu, and MgO/Ag/Cu. Techniques used to deposit these buffer layers include electron beam evaporation, thermal evaporation, rf magnetron sputtering, pulsed laser deposition, metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), combustion CVD, and spray pyrolysis.
An investigation of the rolling characteristics of two general aviation airplanes for the landing approach
Chevalier, Howard Louis
. S. , ARM College of Texas Directed By: Dr. Hilliam P. Jones This report presents the results of a flight test investiga- tion to determine the rolling characteristics of two general avia- tion airplanes: a DeHavilland Beaver DHC-2 and a... for their untiring work and efforts to develop the Laboratory at Texas A&M University in to an excellent facility for conducting full scale flight tests research. I would also like to express my appreciation to Dr, W. P. Jones, Mr. H. E. Whitmore, and Professor A...
Weston, Ken
6 TONS) That's as much as one female African elephant! 25 T SPLITAN ENGINEERING MARVEL W hile the Magnet Lab has developed 14 previous world- record resistive magnets over the years, the new 25 T Split magnet is not simply the next in line. This world-unique magnet system required a complete rethinking
Variable nonlinear resistances
Howard, James Edgar
VARIETAL". NONLINEAR RESIS'IANCES A Thes1s JA'. 4ES EDGAR HOWARD as to style and content by Head Department January 1955 LIBRARY A 4 IS COLLEGE PF TEXAS VARIABLE NONLINEAR RESISTANCES A Thesis By JAMES EDGAR HOWARD Submitted...
Corrosion-resistant metal surfaces
Sugama, Toshifumi (Wading River, NY)
The present invention relates to metal surfaces having thereon an ultrathin (e.g., less than ten nanometer thickness) corrosion-resistant film, thereby rendering the metal surfaces corrosion-resistant. The corrosion-resistant film includes an at least partially crosslinked amido-functionalized silanol component in combination with rare-earth metal oxide nanoparticles. The invention also relates to methods for producing such corrosion-resistant films.
Progress in superconducting performance of rolled multifilamentary Bi-2223 HTS composite conductors
Li, Q.; Riley, G.N. Jr.; Parrella, R.D. [American Superconductor Corp., Westborough, MA (United States)] [and others
Significant enhancements in critical current densities in rolled multifilamentary Bi-2223 HTS composite conductors have been achieved using the powder-in-tube technique. At 77 K and self field, oxide critical current densities (J{sub c})of 55 kA/cm{sup 2}, overall or engineering critical current densities of 15 kA/cm{sup 2}, and critical currents of 125 A have been achieved in different rolled multifilamentary composites. Progress in achieving such high electrical performance is believed to stem in part from an improvement of grain connectivity by reducing weak links. The J{sub c} dependence on magnetic field and the degree of c-axis texture of these high quality conductors have been investigated at various temperatures. Our results also demonstrate that the critical current retention in magnetic field can be independently controlled from the self field critical current density, suggesting that flux pinning improvements and weak link reductions can be separately engineered into Bi-2223 composites fabricated using manufacturable processes.
Uranium and its relationship to host rock mineralogy in an unoxidized roll front in the Jackson group, South Texas
Prasse, Eric Martin
of the requirement for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE December 1978 Major Subject: Geology URANIUM AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO HOST ROCK MINERALOGY IN AN UNOXIDIZED ROLL FRONT IN THE JACKSON GROUP, SOUTH TEXAS A Thesis by ERIC MARTIN PRASSE Approved as to style... and content by: Chairman of Committee r Head of Department Member Member December 1978 :& ~'8% 055 ABSTRACT Uranium and its Relat1onship to Host Rock Mineralogy in an Unox1dized Roll Front in the Jackson Group, South Texas (December, 1978) Eric...
Degenerate resistive switching and ultrahigh density storage in resistive memory
Lohn, Andrew J., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Mickel, Patrick R., E-mail: email@example.com; James, Conrad D.; Marinella, Matthew J. [Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185 (United States)
We show that in tantalum oxide resistive memories, activation power provides a multi-level variable for information storage that can be set and read separately from the resistance. These two state variables (resistance and activation power) can be precisely controlled in two steps: (1) the possible activation power states are selected by partially reducing resistance, then (2) a subsequent partial increase in resistance specifies the resistance state and the final activation power state. We show that these states can be precisely written and read electrically, making this approach potentially amenable for ultra-high density memories. We provide a theoretical explanation for information storage and retrieval from activation power and experimentally demonstrate information storage in a third dimension related to the change in activation power with resistance.
Ernst, Donald M. (Leola, PA)
A specially constructed heat pipe for use in fluidized bed combustors. Two distinct coatings are spray coated onto a heat pipe casing constructed of low thermal expansion metal, each coating serving a different purpose. The first coating forms aluminum oxide to prevent hydrogen permeation into the heat pipe casing, and the second coating contains stabilized zirconium oxide to provide abrasion resistance while not substantially affecting the heat transfer characteristics of the system.
Corrosive resistant heat exchanger
Richlen, Scott L. (Annandale, VA)
A corrosive and errosive resistant heat exchanger which recovers heat from a contaminated heat stream. The heat exchanger utilizes a boundary layer of innocuous gas, which is continuously replenished, to protect the heat exchanger surface from the hot contaminated gas. The innocuous gas is conveyed through ducts or perforations in the heat exchanger wall. Heat from the heat stream is transferred by radiation to the heat exchanger wall. Heat is removed from the outer heat exchanger wall by a heat recovery medium.
Yu, Ming-Hung
'ths effectiveness of the systemic insecticide/ Thimet, as a control for cora earworm. (2) To evaluate the effects of husk extension and tightness of husk on damage caused by earwors4 (3) To evaluate the field corn hybrids for earworm resistance snd.... Some cultural methods were able to reduce the in)ury caused by Che corn earworm to some degree. Damage wss lessened if sna smpgoyed good agronomic practices such as fall plowiug, fertilizing, rotation of crops, and planted adapted hybrids. Barber...
Figure 5.19. Light micrographs showing the microstructure of duplex rolled metal IC381 solution treated at 1300 C for 26 hours and then quenched into
Cambridge, University of
of duplex rolled metal IC381 solution treated at 1300 °C for 26 hours and then quenched into water the microstructure of duplex rolled metal IC373 solution treated at 1300 QC for 26 hours amI then quenched into water solution treated at 1300 QC for 26 hours and then quenched into water. The llleasured volullle fraction
Kicking the Tires | Jefferson Lab
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel), 2002; Level: National5Sales for4,645U.S. DOEThe Bonneville PowerCherries 82981-1cnHigh SchoolIn12electron beamJoin2015JustKateKent5 B O N N E V I LPVKicking
Latex and two-roll mill processing of thermally-exfoliated graphite oxide/natural rubber nanocomposites
Latex and two-roll mill processing of thermally-exfoliated graphite oxide/natural rubber t Thermally-exfoliated graphite oxide (TEGO) is a graphene-based material that has been previously shown to graphene-based materials [4]. GO can be exfoliated in water into single-layer graphene oxide platelets
Temporal Causality between House Prices and Output in the U. S.: A Bootstrap Rolling-Window Approach
Ahmad, Sajjad
1 Temporal Causality between House Prices and Output in the U. S.: A Bootstrap Rolling price index and real GDP per capita in the U.S., using the bootstrap Granger (temporal) non-sample bootstrap non-Granger causality test result suggests the existence of a unidirectional causality running
Optimization of a Rolling/Walking Hybrid Locomotion David Pacheco, S.G.M. Hossain, Dr. Carl A. Nelson
Farritor, Shane
Optimization of a Rolling/Walking Hybrid Locomotion David Pacheco, S.G.M. Hossain, Dr. Carl A is to develop an optimized robotic hybrid drivetrain that would be beneficial to the state Exploration In the field of robotic locomotion there is a strong need to achieve a simple and energy efficient
1060 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOL. 47, NO. 5, OCTOBER 2000 Neural-Network-Based Motor Rolling
Chow, Mo-Yuen
-Network-Based Motor Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis Bo Li, Student Member, IEEE, Mo-Yuen Chow, Senior Member, IEEE, Yodyium Tipsuwan, Student Member, IEEE, and James C. Hung, Fellow, IEEE Abstract--Motor systems are very forms of energy to provide power to other equipment. In the performance of all motor systems, bearings
Post-fire successional effects on breeding grassland birds in mesquite savanna habitats of the Texas rolling plains
Lee, Stephanie L.
and nesting ecology of breeding grassland birds (i.e., nest-site selection and nest success) in mesquite-dominated rangeland of the Texas Rolling Plains, where prescribed fire is used as a tool to manage shrub encroachment. Brush cover, grass cover, and visual...
Abrasion resistant composition
Fischer, Keith D; Barnes, Christopher A; Henderson, Stephen L
A surface covering composition of abrasion resistant character adapted for disposition in overlying bonded relation to a metal substrate. The surface covering composition includes metal carbide particles within a metal matrix at a packing factor of not less than about 0.6. Not less than about 40 percent by weight of the metal carbide particles are characterized by an effective diameter in the range of +14-32 mesh prior to introduction to the metal matrix. Not less than about 3 percent by weight of the metal carbide particles are characterized by an effective diameter of +60 mesh prior to introduction to the metal matrix.
Hovis, V.M. Jr.; Pullen, W.C.; Kollie, T.G.; Bell, R.T.
The present invention is directed to the protecting of uranium and uranium alloy articles from corrosion by providing the surfaces of the articles with a layer of an ion-plated metal selected from aluminum and zinc to a thickness of at least 60 microinches and then converting at least the outer surface of the ion-plated layer of aluminum or zinc to aluminum chromate or zinc chromate. This conversion of the aluminum or zinc to the chromate form considerably enhances the corrosion resistance of the ion plating so as to effectively protect the coated article from corrosion.
Effects of extreme pressure additive chemistry on rolling element bearing surface durability
Evans, Ryan D. [Timken Company; Nixon, H. P. [Timken Company; Darragh, Craig V. [Timken Company; Howe, Jane Y [ORNL; Coffey, Dorothy W [ORNL
Lubricant additives have been known to affect rolling element bearing surface durability for many years. Tapered roller bearings were used in fatigue testing of lubricants formulated with gear oil type additive systems. These systems have sulfur- and phosphoruscontaining compounds used for gear protection as well as bearing lubrication. Several variations of a commercially available base additive formulation were tested having modified sulfur components. The variations represent a range of ''active'' extreme pressure (EP) chemistries. The bearing fatigue test results were compared with respect to EP formulation and test conditions. Inner ring near-surface material in selected test bearings was evaluated on two scales: the micrometer scale using optical metallography and the nanometer scale using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Focused-ion beam (FIB) techniques were used for TEM specimen preparation. Imaging and chemical analysis of the bearing samples revealed near-surface material and tribofilm characteristics. These results are discussed with respect to the relative fatigue lives.
Friction control using ultrasonic oscillation for rolling-element linear-motion guide
Oiwa, Takaaki [Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8651 (Japan)
This article reports a friction-control method for rolling-element linear-motion guides used for precision positioning. In general, static friction greater than dynamic friction generates stick-slip motion and diminishes the positioning accuracy. Two ultrasonic actuators excite both the rail and the carriage of the guide to give relative displacements to bearing surfaces. In order to effectively propagate the vibration over the entire rail without damping, the actuator drives at that frequency with a half wavelength corresponding to the distances between the rail mounting bolts. This also minimizes undesirable vibration of the machine structure. Moreover, the bearing surfaces of the carriage are resonated by a second ultrasonic actuator. The experiments using a force sensor showed that the static and dynamic friction forces were reduced by approximately 25% at any place on the 600-mm-long rail. Moreover, excitation only at very low velocity decreased the static friction peak.
The r-Process in Supersonic Neutrino-Driven Winds: The Roll of Wind Termination Shock
Takami Kuroda; Shinya Wanajo; Ken'ichi Nomoto
Recent hydrodynamic studies of core-collapse supernovae imply that the neutrino-heated ejecta from a nascent neutron star develops to supersonic outflows. These supersonic winds are influenced by the reverse shock from the preceding supernova ejecta, forming the wind termination shock. We investigate the effects of the termination shock in neutrino-driven winds and its roll on the r-process. Supersonic outflows are calculated with a semi-analytic neutrino-driven wind model. Subsequent termination-shocked, subsonic outflows are obtained by applying the Rankine-Hugoniot relations. We find a couple of effects that can be relevant for the r-process. First is the sudden slowdown of the temperature decrease by the wind termination. Second is the entropy jump by termination-shock heating, up to several 100NAk. Nucleosynthesis calculations in the obtained winds are performed to examine these effects on the r-process. We find that 1) the slowdown of the temperature decrease plays a decisive roll to determine the r-process abundance curves. This is due to the strong dependences of the nucleosynthetic path on the temperature during the r-process freezeout phase. Our results suggest that only the termination-shocked winds with relatively small shock radii (~500km) are relevant for the bulk of the solar r-process abundances (A~100-180). The heaviest part in the solar r-process curve (A~180-200), however, can be reproduced both in shocked and unshocked winds. These results may help to constrain the mass range of supernova progenitors relevant for the r-process. We find, on the other hand, 2) negligible roles of the entropy jump on the r-process. This is a consequence that the sizable entropy increase takes place only at a large shock radius (~10,000km) where the r-process has already ceased.
Resistive hydrogen sensing element
Lauf, Robert J. (Oak Ridge, TN)
Systems and methods are described for providing a hydrogen sensing element with a more robust exposed metallization by application of a discontinuous or porous overlay to hold the metallization firmly on the substrate. An apparatus includes: a substantially inert, electrically-insulating substrate; a first Pd containing metallization deposited upon the substrate and completely covered by a substantially hydrogen-impermeable layer so as to form a reference resistor on the substrate; a second Pd containing metallization deposited upon the substrate and at least a partially accessible to a gas to be tested, so as to form a hydrogen-sensing resistor; a protective structure disposed upon at least a portion of the second Pd containing metallization and at least a portion of the substrate to improve the attachment of the second Pd containing metallization to the substrate while allowing the gas to contact said the second Pd containing metallization; and a resistance bridge circuit coupled to both the first and second Pd containing metallizations. The circuit determines the difference in electrical resistance between the first and second Pd containing metallizations. The hydrogen concentration in the gas may be determined. The systems and methods provide advantages because adhesion is improved without adversely effecting measurement speed or sensitivity.
Oxidation Resistant Graphite Studies
W. Windes; R. Smith
The Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR) Graphite Research and Development Program is investigating doped nuclear graphite grades exhibiting oxidation resistance. During a oxygen ingress accident the oxidation rates of the high temperature graphite core region would be extremely high resulting in significant structural damage to the core. Reducing the oxidation rate of the graphite core material would reduce the structural effects and keep the core integrity intact during any air-ingress accident. Oxidation testing of graphite doped with oxidation resistant material is being conducted to determine the extent of oxidation rate reduction. Nuclear grade graphite doped with varying levels of Boron-Carbide (B4C) was oxidized in air at nominal 740°C at 10/90% (air/He) and 100% air. The oxidation rates of the boronated and unboronated graphite grade were compared. With increasing boron-carbide content (up to 6 vol%) the oxidation rate was observed to have a 20 fold reduction from unboronated graphite. Visual inspection and uniformity of oxidation across the surface of the specimens were conducted. Future work to determine the remaining mechanical strength as well as graphite grades with SiC doped material are discussed.
Keeping the Buckyball Rolling A new technique for producing fullerenes in large quanti-
Bieber, Michael
conductivity. Dubrovsky's group has developed two such applications: adding fullerenes to lubricating oil to extend the life of the oil and improve the wear resist- ance of machine components, and adding fullerenes
PLANT RESISTANCE Variation in Tolerance and Resistance to the Leafhopper
Ginzel, Matthew
PLANT RESISTANCE Variation in Tolerance and Resistance to the Leafhopper Empoasca fabae (Hemiptera) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), is an emerging pest of potato and insecticide applications to control this insect, Empoasca fabae (Harris) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), is a sap-feeding insect that attacks a variety of plants
Fleet Evaluation and Factory Installation of Aerodynamic Heavy Duty Truck Trailers
Beck, Jason; Salari, Kambiz; Ortega, Jason; Brown, Andrea
The purpose of DE-EE0001552 was to develop and deploy a combination of trailer aerodynamic devices and low rolling resistance tires that reduce fuel consumption of a class 8 heavy duty tractor-trailer combination vehicle by 15%. There were 3 phases of the project: Phase 1 – Perform SAE Typed 2 track tests with multiple device combinations. Phase 2 – Conduct a fleet evaluation with selected device combination. Phase 3 – Develop the devices required to manufacture the aerodynamic trailer. All 3 phases have been completed. There is an abundance of available trailer devices on the market, and fleets and owner operators have awareness of them and are purchasing them. The products developed in conjunction with this project are at least in their second round of refinement. The fleet test undertaken showed an improvement of 5.5 – 7.8% fuel economy with the devices (This does not include tire contribution).
Precipitation in cold-rolled Al–Sc–Zr and Al–Mn–Sc–Zr alloys prepared by powder metallurgy
Vlach, M., E-mail: email@example.com [Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Ke Karlovu 3, CZ-121 16 Prague (Czech Republic); Stulikova, I.; Smola, B.; Kekule, T.; Kudrnova, H.; Danis, S. [Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Ke Karlovu 3, CZ-121 16 Prague (Czech Republic); Gemma, R. [King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, 23955-6900 Thuwal (Saudi Arabia); Ocenasek, V. [SVÚM a.s., Podnikatelská 565, CZ-190 11 Prague (Czech Republic); Malek, J. [Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, CZ-120 00 Prague (Czech Republic); Tanprayoon, D.; Neubert, V. [Institut für Materialprüfung und Werkstofftechnik, Freiberger Strasse 1, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld (Germany)
The effects of cold-rolling on thermal, mechanical and electrical properties, microstructure and recrystallization behaviour of the AlScZr and AlMnScZr alloys prepared by powder metallurgy were studied. The powder was produced by atomising in argon with 1% oxygen and then consolidated by hot extrusion at 350 °C. The electrical resistometry and microhardness together with differential scanning calorimetry measurements were compared with microstructure development observed by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and electron backscatter diffraction. Fine (sub)grain structure developed and fine coherent Al{sub 3}Sc and/or Al{sub 3}(Sc,Zr) particles precipitated during extrusion at 350 °C in the alloys studied. Additional precipitation of the Al{sub 3}Sc and/or Al{sub 3}(Sc,Zr) particles and/or their coarsening was slightly facilitated by the previous cold rolling. The presence of Sc,Zr-containing particles has a significant antirecrystallization effect that prevents recrystallization at temperatures minimally up to 420 °C. The precipitation of the Al{sub 6}Mn- and/or Al{sub 6}(Mn,Fe) particles of a size ? 1.0 ?m at subgrain boundaries has also an essential antirecrystallization effect and totally suppresses recrystallization during 32 h long annealing at 550 °C. The texture development of the alloys seems to be affected by high solid solution strengthening by Mn. The precipitation of the Mn-containing alloy is highly enhanced by a cold rolling. The apparent activation energy of the Al{sub 3}Sc particles formation and/or coarsening and that of the Al{sub 6}Mn and/or Al{sub 6}(Mn,Fe) particle precipitation in the powder and in the compacted alloys were determined. The cold deformation has no effect on the apparent activation energy values of the Al{sub 3}Sc-phase and the Al{sub 6}Mn-phase precipitation. - Highlights: • The Mn, Sc and Zr additions to Al totally suppresses recrystallization at 550 °C. • The Sc,Zr-containing particle precipitation is slightly facilitated by cold rolling. • The Mn-containing particle precipitation is highly enhanced by cold rolling. • Cold rolling has no effect on activation energy of the Al{sub 3}Sc and Al{sub 6}Mn precipitation. • The texture development is affected by high solid solution strengthening by Mn.
Corrosion resistant PEM fuel cell
Fronk, Matthew Howard; Borup, Rodney Lynn; Hulett, Jay S.; Brady, Brian K.; Cunningham, Kevin M.
A PEM fuel cell having electrical contact elements comprising a corrosion-susceptible substrate metal coated with an electrically conductive, corrosion-resistant polymer containing a plurality of electrically conductive, corrosion-resistant filler particles. The substrate may have an oxidizable metal first layer (e.g., stainless steel) underlying the polymer coating.
Corrosion resistant PEM fuel cell
Fronk, Matthew Howard (Honeoye Falls, NY); Borup, Rodney Lynn (East Rochester, NY); Hulett, Jay S. (Rochester, NY); Brady, Brian K. (North Chili, NY); Cunningham, Kevin M. (Romeo, MI)
A PEM fuel cell having electrical contact elements comprising a corrosion-susceptible substrate metal coated with an electrically conductive, corrosion-resistant polymer containing a plurality of electrically conductive, corrosion-resistant filler particles. The substrate may have an oxidizable metal first layer (e.g., stainless steel) underlying the polymer coating.
The effect of tooling design parameters on web-warping in the flexible roll forming of UHSS
Jiao, Jingsi; Weiss, Matthias [Institute for Frontier Materials Deakin University, Pigdons Rd. Waurn Ponds, Vic 3217 (Australia); Rolfe, Bernard [School of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Pigdons Rd., Vic. 3217 (Australia); Mendiguren, Joseba; Galdos, Lander [Dept. of Mechanical and Industrial Production, Mondragon Unibertsitatea, Loramendi 4, Mondragon 20500, Gipuzkoa (Spain)
To reduce weight and improve passenger safety there is an increased need in the automotive industry to use Ultra High Strength Steels (UHSS) for structural and crash components. However, the application of UHSS is restricted by their limited formability and the difficulty of forming them in conventional processes. An alternative method of manufacturing structural auto body parts from UHSS is the flexible roll forming process which can accommodate materials with high strength and limited ductility in the production of complex and weight-optimised components. However, one major concern in the flexible roll forming is web-warping, which is the height deviation of the profile web area. This paper investigates, using a numerical model, the effect on web-warping with respect to various forming methods. The results demonstrate that different forming methods lead to different amount of web-warping in terms of forming the product with identical geometry.
Rolling motion of a rigid sphere on a structured rubber substrate aided by a random noise and an external bias
Partho S. Goohpattader; Srinivas Mettu; Manoj K. Chaudhury
We study the rolling motion of a small solid sphere on a surface patterned rubber substrate in an external field with and without a noise. In the absence of the noise, the ball does not move below a threshold force above which it accelerates sub-linearly with the applied field. In the presence of a random noise, the ball exhibits a stochastic rolling with a net drift, the velocity of which increases non-linearly with the strength of the noise (K). From the evolution of the displacement distribution, it is evident that the rolling is controlled by a Coulomb like friction at a very low velocity, a super-linear friction at an intermediate velocity and a linear kinematic friction at a large velocity. This transition from a non-linear to a linear friction control of motion can be discerned from another experiment in which the ball is subjected to a small amplitude periodic asymmetric vibration in conjunction with a random noise. Here, as opposed to that of a fixed external force, the rolling velocity decreases with the increase of the strength of the noise suggesting a progressive fluidization of the interface. Furthermore, the ball exhibits a flow reversal with the increase of the amplitude of the asymmetric vibration, which is indicative of a profile of friction that first descends and then ascends with velocity. An approximate non-linear friction model with the non-linearity decreasing with K is somewhat consistent with the evolution of the displacement fluctuation that also explains the sigmoidal variation of the drift velocity with the strength of the noise. This research sets the stage for studying friction in a new way, in which it is submitted to a noise and then its dynamic response is studied using the tools of statistical mechanics.
An economic analysis of alternative stocking rate adjustment strategies for short duration grazing systems in the Texas Rolling Plains
Riechers, Robin Keith
production parameters (weaning weight 20 and percent calves weaned) are altered based on the decisions made. Stocking or destocking of livestock above the normal culling practices is recorded. Price variation is included in the model through a random... of alternative stocking rate strategies for short duration grazing systems in the Eastern portion of the Texas Rolling plains is performed . The analysis is based on a model which emulates the annual decision-making process of a rancher. The model includes...
Rolling Thunder -- Integration of the Solo 161 Stirling engine with the CPG-460 solar concentrator at Ft. Huachuca
Diver, R.B.; Moss, T.A.; Goldberg, V.; Thomas, G.; Beaudet, A.
Project Rolling Thunder is a dish/Stirling demonstration project at Ft. Huachuca, a US Army fort in southeastern Arizona (Huachuca means rolling thunder in Apache). It has been supported by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP), a cooperative program between the Department of Defense (DoD) and the Department of Energy (DOE). As part of a 1992 SERDP project, Cummins Power Generation, Inc. (CPG) installed a CPG 7 kW(c) dish/Stirling system at the Joint Interoperability Test Command (JITC) in Ft. Huachuca, Arizona. The primary objective of the SERDP Dish/Stirling for DoD Applications project was to demonstrate a CPG 7-kW(c) dish/Stirling system at a military facility. Unfortunately, Cummins Engine Company decided to divest its solar operations. As a direct result of Ft. Huachuca`s interest in the Cummins dish/Stirling technology, Sandia explored the possibility of installing a SOLO 161 Stirling power conversion unit (PCU) on the Ft. Huachuca CPG-460. In January 1997, a decision was made to retrofit a SOLO 161 Stirling engine on the CPG-460 at Ft. Huachuca. Project Rolling Thunder. The SOLO 161 Demonstration at Ft. Huachuca has been a challenge. Although, the SOLO 161 PCU has operated nearly flawlessly and the CPG-460 has been, for the most part, a solid and reliable component, integration of the SOLO PCU with the CPG-460 has required significant attention. In this paper, the integration issues and technical approaches of project Rolling Thunder are presented. Lessons of the project are also discussed.
Covered Product Category: Residential Electric Resistance Water...
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
Electric Resistance Water Heaters Covered Product Category: Residential Electric Resistance Water Heaters The Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) sets federal efficiency...
A Rolling Horizon Framework for Intermodal Loading Assignment to Improve Fuel Efficiency
Barkan, Christopher P.L.
. Index Terms: intermodal transportation, energy efficiency NOTATION AND UNITS i index referring does it ensure, that intermodal cars are loaded to maximize the energy efficiency of intermodal trains train resistances [7]. Consequently, there is a gap between slot utilization and energy efficiency
Production of virus resistant plants
Dougherty, W.G.; Lindbo, J.A.
A method of suppressing virus gene expression in plants using untranslatable plus sense RNA is disclosed. The method is useful for the production of plants that are resistant to virus infection. 9 figs.
Production of virus resistant plants
Dougherty, William G. (Philomath, OR); Lindbo, John A. (Kent, WA)
A method of suppressing virus gene expression in plants using untranslatable plus sense RNA is disclosed. The method is useful for the production of plants that are resistant to virus infection.
Corrosion resistance of concrete reinforcement
Ward-Waller, Elizabeth, 1982-
The objective of this thesis is to investigate the mechanism of corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete and epoxy coated reinforcing bars as corrosion resistant alternatives. Several case studies explore the durability ...
Corrosion resistant neutron absorbing coatings
Choi, Jor-Shan; Farmer, Joseph C; Lee, Chuck K; Walker, Jeffrey; Russell, Paige; Kirkwood, Jon; Yang, Nancy; Champagne, Victor
A method of forming a corrosion resistant neutron absorbing coating comprising the steps of spray or deposition or sputtering or welding processing to form a composite material made of a spray or deposition or sputtering or welding material, and a neutron absorbing material. Also a corrosion resistant neutron absorbing coating comprising a composite material made of a spray or deposition or sputtering or welding material, and a neutron absorbing material.
Corrosion resistant neutron absorbing coatings
Choi, Jor-Shan (El Cerrito, CA); Farmer, Joseph C. (Tracy, CA); Lee, Chuck K. (Hayward, CA); Walker, Jeffrey (Gaithersburg, MD); Russell, Paige (Las Vegas, NV); Kirkwood, Jon (Saint Leonard, MD); Yang, Nancy (Lafayette, CA); Champagne, Victor (Oxford, PA)
A method of forming a corrosion resistant neutron absorbing coating comprising the steps of spray or deposition or sputtering or welding processing to form a composite material made of a spray or deposition or sputtering or welding material, and a neutron absorbing material. Also a corrosion resistant neutron absorbing coating comprising a composite material made of a spray or deposition or sputtering or welding material, and a neutron absorbing material.
Marts, D.J.; Barker, S.G.; McQueen, M.A.
A portable barrier strip is described having retractable tire-puncture means for puncturing a vehicle tire. The tire-puncture means, such as spikes, have an armed position for puncturing a tire and a retracted position for not puncturing a tire. The strip comprises a plurality of barrier blocks having the tire-puncture means removably disposed in a shaft that is rotatably disposed in each barrier block. The shaft removably and pivotally interconnects the plurality of barrier blocks. Actuation cables cause the shaft to rotate the tire-puncture means to the armed position for puncturing a vehicle tire and to the retracted position for not puncturing the tire. Each tire-puncture means is received in a hollow-bed portion of its respective barrier block when in the retracted position. The barrier strip rests in its deployed position and substantially motionless as a tire rolls thereon and over. The strip is rolled up for retrieval, portability, and storage purposes, and extended and unrolled in its deployed position for use. 13 figs.
Oxidation resistant alloys, method for producing oxidation resistant alloys
Dunning, John S. (Corvallis, OR); Alman, David E. (Salem, OR)
A method for producing oxidation-resistant austenitic alloys for use at temperatures below 800.degree. C. comprising of: providing an alloy comprising, by weight %: 14-18% chromium, 15-18% nickel, 1-3% manganese, 1-2% molybdenum, 2-4% silicon, 0% aluminum and the balance being iron; heating the alloy to 800.degree. C. for between 175-250 hours prior to use in order to form a continuous silicon oxide film and another oxide film. The method provides a means of producing stainless steels with superior oxidation resistance at temperatures above 700.degree. C. at a low cost
Oxidation resistant alloys, method for producing oxidation resistant alloys
Dunning, John S.; Alman, David E.
A method for producing oxidation-resistant austenitic alloys for use at temperatures below 800 C. comprising of: providing an alloy comprising, by weight %: 14-18% chromium, 15-18% nickel, 1-3% manganese, 1-2% molybdenum, 2-4% silicon, 0% aluminum and the balance being iron; heating the alloy to 800 C. for between 175-250 hours prior to use in order to form a continuous silicon oxide film and another oxide film. The method provides a means of producing stainless steels with superior oxidation resistance at temperatures above 700 C. at a low cost
On the effect of deep-rolling and laser-peening on the stress-controlled low- and high-cycle fatigue behavior of Ti-6Al-4V at elevated temperatures up to 550?C
Ritchie, IAltenberger, RKNalla, YSano LWagner, RO
deep rolled as-quenched aluminium alloy AA6110 at elevatedT, editor. Aluminium Alloys, Theory and Applications,shock processing of aluminium alloys. Application to high
On the effect of deep-rolling and laser-peening on the stress-controlled low- and high-cycle fatigue behavior of Ti-6Al-4V at elevated temperatures up to 550?C
Ritchie, IAltenberger, RKNalla, YSano LWagner, RO
T, editor. Aluminium Alloys, Theory and Applications,deep rolled as-quenched aluminium alloy AA6110 at elevatedshock processing of aluminium alloys. Application to high
Monte Carlo study of efficiency roll-off of phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes: Evidence for dominant role of triplet-polaron quenching
Eersel, H. van, E-mail: email@example.com; Coehoorn, R. [Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven (Netherlands); Philips Research Laboratories, High Tech Campus 4, 5656 AE Eindhoven (Netherlands); Bobbert, P. A.; Janssen, R. A. J. [Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven (Netherlands)
We present an advanced molecular-scale organic light-emitting diode (OLED) model, integrating both electronic and excitonic processes. Using this model, we can reproduce the measured efficiency roll-off for prototypical phosphorescent OLED stacks based on the green dye tris[2-phenylpyridine]iridium (Ir(ppy){sub 3}) and the red dye octaethylporphine platinum (PtOEP) and study the cause of the roll-off as function of the current density. Both the voltage versus current density characteristics and roll-off agree well with experimental data. Surprisingly, the results of the simulations lead us to conclude that, contrary to what is often assumed, not triplet-triplet annihilation but triplet-polaron quenching is the dominant mechanism causing the roll-off under realistic operating conditions. Simulations for devices with an optimized recombination profile, achieved by carefully tuning the dye trap depth, show that it will be possible to fabricate OLEDs with a drastically reduced roll-off. It is envisaged that J{sub 90}, the current density at which the efficiency is reduced to 90%, can be increased by almost one order of magnitude as compared to the experimental state-of-the-art.
Corrosion resistant metallic bipolar plate
Brady, Michael P. (Oak Ridge, TN); Schneibel, Joachim H. (Knoxville, TN); Pint, Bruce A. (Knoxville, TN); Maziasz, Philip J. (Oak Ridge, TN)
A corrosion resistant, electrically conductive component such as a bipolar plate for a PEM fuel cell includes 20 55% Cr, balance base metal such as Ni, Fe, or Co, the component having thereon a substantially external, continuous layer of chromium nitride.
Multifunctional Corrosion-resistant Foamed Well Cement Composites...
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
Multifunctional Corrosion-resistant Foamed Well Cement Composites Multifunctional Corrosion-resistant Foamed Well Cement Composites Multifunctional Corrosion-resistant Foamed Well...
New Air and Water-Resistive Barrier Technologies for Commercial...
New Air and Water-Resistive Barrier Technologies for Commercial Buildings New Air and Water-Resistive Barrier Technologies for Commercial Buildings New Air and Water-Resistive...
Mechanism of acquired temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma
McFaline-Figueroa, José L
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant form of brain cancer. After aggressive treatment, therapy resistant tumors inevitably recur. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying such resistance remain unclear. ...
California Code of Regulations, Title 8, Section 1646. Tower Scaffolds and Rolling Scaffolds, Wood or Metal. This information is provided free of charge by the Department of Industrial Relations from its
Eisen, Michael
California Code of Regulations, Title 8, Section 1646. Tower Scaffolds and Rolling Scaffolds, Wood://www.dir.ca.gov/od_pub/disclaimer.html. Subchapter 4. Construction Safety Orders Article 22. Scaffolds--Various Types New query §1646. Tower-standing tower or rolling scaffold shall not be less than 1/3 the height of the scaffold unless such scaffold
CORROSION RESISTANCE OF FISH TAGGING PINS [Marine Biological Laboratoryj WOODS HOLE, MASS. SPECIAL A, Seaton, Secretary Fish and Wildlife Service, Arnie J. Suoraela, Commissioner CORROSION RESISTANCE were tagged with nickel and Type 304 stainless steel pins to compare the corrosion resistance
CORROSION-RESISTANT COATING FOR CARBONATE FUEL CELL COMPONENTS Prepared For: California Energy ANALYSIS REPORT (FAR) CORROSION RESISTANT COATING FOR CARBONATE FUEL CELL COMPONENTS EISG AWARDEE Chemat://www.energy.ca.gov/research/index.html. #12;Page 1 Corrosion Resistant Coating for Carbonate Fuel Cell Components EISG Grant # 00-05 Awardee
Belma Muhamedagi?; Bosna I Hercegovina; Lejla Muhamedagi?; Bosna I Hercegovina
Metals and metallic alloys are unavoidable materials in everyday dental use for the making of fillings, cast cores and post systems, individual crowns, implantants ' suprastructures, dentures and orthodontic devices. They still belong to the vital materials in dentistry. Applied alloys in a mouth are exposed to the influence of chemical, biological, mechanical, thermal and electrical forces which can have a negative impact on a very therapeutic work or surrounding tissue. Electrochemical corrosion is the most important damaging factor of dental works. The corrosive resistance of metal is its important characteristic during implantation into a mouth. Therefore precious alloys are the most suitable for dental use. However, due to economic reasons, nonprecious alloys are frequently used, while corrosive resistant precious metals have been used less frequently. Based on studying different literature, the purpose of this work was to give and overview of the existing dental metals and alloys in contexts with their anticorrosive characteristics.
Title: A brief history of the Rolls-Royce University Technology Centre in Gas Turbine Noise at the Institute of Sound and Vibration Research
Sóbester, András
to generation and propagation of noise from gas turbine engines. Aircraft noise is a critical technical issueReport Title: A brief history of the Rolls-Royce University Technology Centre in Gas Turbine Noise and systems engineering, gas turbine transmission systems and gas turbine noise. The UTC in gas turbine noise
Thermal Shock-resistant Cement
Sugama T.; Pyatina, T.; Gill, S.
We studied the effectiveness of sodium silicate-activated Class F fly ash in improving the thermal shock resistance and in extending the onset of hydration of Secar #80 refractory cement. When the dry mix cement, consisting of Secar #80, Class F fly ash, and sodium silicate, came in contact with water, NaOH derived from the dissolution of sodium silicate preferentially reacted with Class F fly ash, rather than the #80, to dissociate silicate anions from Class F fly ash. Then, these dissociated silicate ions delayed significantly the hydration of #80 possessing a rapid setting behavior. We undertook a multiple heating -water cooling quenching-cycle test to evaluate the cement's resistance to thermal shock. In one cycle, we heated the 200 and #61616;C-autoclaved cement at 500 and #61616;C for 24 hours, and then the heated cement was rapidly immersed in water at 25 and #61616;C. This cycle was repeated five times. The phase composition of the autoclaved #80/Class F fly ash blend cements comprised four crystalline hydration products, boehmite, katoite, hydrogrossular, and hydroxysodalite, responsible for strengthening cement. After a test of 5-cycle heat-water quenching, we observed three crystalline phase-transformations in this autoclaved cement: boehmite and #61614; and #61543;-Al2O3, katoite and #61614; calcite, and hydroxysodalite and #61614; carbonated sodalite. Among those, the hydroxysodalite and #61614; carbonated sodalite transformation not only played a pivotal role in densifying the cementitious structure and in sustaining the original compressive strength developed after autoclaving, but also offered an improved resistance of the #80 cement to thermal shock. In contrast, autoclaved Class G well cement with and without Class F fly ash and quartz flour failed this cycle test, generating multiple cracks in the cement. The major reason for such impairment was the hydration of lime derived from the dehydroxylation of portlandite formed in the autoclaved cement, causing its volume to expand.
Enhanced radiation resistant fiber optics
Lyons, P.B.; Looney, L.D.
A process for producing an optical fiber having enhanced radiation resistance is provided, the process including maintaining an optical fiber within a hydrogen-containing atmosphere for sufficient time to yield a hydrogen-permeated optical fiber having an elevated internal hydrogen concentration, and irradiating the hydrogen-permeated optical fiber at a time while the optical fiber has an elevated internal hydrogen concentration with a source of ionizing radiation. The radiation source is typically a cobalt-60 source and the fiber is pre-irradiated with a dose level up to about 1000 kilorads of radiation. 4 figures.
A corrosive resistant heat exchanger
Richlen, S.L.
A corrosive and erosive resistant heat exchanger which recovers heat from a contaminated heat stream. The heat exchanger utilizes a boundary layer of innocuous gas, which is continuously replenished, to protect the heat exchanger surface from the hot contaminated gas. The innocuous gas is pumped through ducts or perforations in the heat exchanger wall. Heat from the heat stream is transferred by radiation to the heat exchanger wall. Heat is removed from the outer heat exchanger wall by a heat recovery medium. 3 figs., 3 tabs.
Abrasion resistant track shoe grouser
Fischer, Keith D; Diekevers, Mark S; Afdahl, Curt D; Steiner, Kevin L; Barnes, Christopher A
A track shoe for a track-type vehicle. The track shoe includes a base plate and a grouser projecting away from the base plate. A capping surface structure of substantially horseshoe shaped cross-section is disposed across a distal portion of the grouser. The capping surface structure covers portions of a distal edge surface and adjacent lateral surfaces. The capping surface structure is formed from an material characterized by enhanced wear resistance relative to portions of the grouser underlying the capping surface structure.
Attrition resistant fluidizable reforming catalyst
Parent, Yves O. (Golden, CO); Magrini, Kim (Golden, CO); Landin, Steven M. (Conifer, CO); Ritland, Marcus A. (Palm Beach Shores, FL)
A method of preparing a steam reforming catalyst characterized by improved resistance to attrition loss when used for cracking, reforming, water gas shift and gasification reactions on feedstock in a fluidized bed reactor, comprising: fabricating the ceramic support particle, coating a ceramic support by adding an aqueous solution of a precursor salt of a metal selected from the group consisting of Ni, Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh, Cr, Co, Mn, Mg, K, La and Fe and mixtures thereof to the ceramic support and calcining the coated ceramic in air to convert the metal salts to metal oxides.
Temperature Resistant Optimal Ratchet Transport
Cesar Manchein; Alan Celestino; Marcus W Beims
Stable periodic structures containing optimal ratchet transport, recently found in the parameter space dissipation versus ratchet parameter [PRL 106, 234101 (2011)], are shown to be resistant to reasonable temperatures, reinforcing the expectation that they are essential to explain the optimal ratchet transport in nature. Critical temperatures for their destruction, valid from the overdamping to close to the conservative limits, are obtained numerically and shown to be connected to the current efficiency, given here analytically. Results are demonstrated for a discrete ratchet model and generalized to the Langevin equation with an additional external oscillating force.
Schlumberger Resistivity Soundings At Chena Geothermal Area ...
Schlumberger Resistivity Soundings Activity Date 1979 - 1980 Usefulness useful DOE-funding Unknown Exploration Basis Geophysical studies through the University of Alaska...
Magnetotelluric Transect of Long Valley Caldera: Resistivity...
MT line. Our MT data set reveals numerous resistivity structures which illuminate the evolution and present state of the Long Valley system. Many of these have been quantified...
Enhanced Resistance to Control Potato Tuberworm by Combining Engineered Resistance, Avidin, and Natural
Douches, David S.
Enhanced Resistance to Control Potato Tuberworm by Combining Engineered Resistance, Avidin & Edward J. Grafius Published online: 15 November 2008 # Potato Association of America 2008 Abstract Potato tuberworm, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller), is a destructive insect pest of potato, Solanum tuberosum (L
A survey of anthracnose resistant sorghum germplasm lines to identify additional resistance genes
Wiltse, Curtis Craig
and Discussion. . Conclusion 12 . . . 14 . . . 14 . . . 17 . . . . 20 . . . . 21 25 vn CHAPTER Page IV INHERITANCE OF DIFFERENT SOURCES OF RESISTANCE. . . 27 Introduction Materials and Methods Plant Materials Collerornchum gramimcola Inoculation... must be characterized Once characterized, the new resistance genes can be pyramided or used as needed. This experiment was designed to determine if different 14 sources of genetic resistance exist among 13 resistant sorghum germplasm lines released...
A new formula to compute apparent resistivities from marine magnetometric resistivity data
Oldenburg, Douglas W.
A new formula to compute apparent resistivities from marine magnetometric resistivity data Jiuping formulas to compute the apparent resistiv- ity have their own limitations and are invalid for a deep-sea experiment. In this paper, we derive an apparent-resistivity formula based upon the magnetic field resulting
Automatic insulation resistance testing apparatus
Wyant, Francis J.; Nowlen, Steven P.; Luker, Spencer M.
An apparatus and method for automatic measurement of insulation resistances of a multi-conductor cable. In one embodiment of the invention, the apparatus comprises a power supply source, an input measuring means, an output measuring means, a plurality of input relay controlled contacts, a plurality of output relay controlled contacts, a relay controller and a computer. In another embodiment of the invention the apparatus comprises a power supply source, an input measuring means, an output measuring means, an input switching unit, an output switching unit and a control unit/data logger. Embodiments of the apparatus of the invention may also incorporate cable fire testing means. The apparatus and methods of the present invention use either voltage or current for input and output measured variables.
Fire resistant PV shingle assembly
Lenox, Carl J.
A fire resistant PV shingle assembly includes a PV assembly, including PV body, a fire shield and a connection member connecting the fire shield below the PV body, and a support and inter-engagement assembly. The support and inter-engagement assembly is mounted to the PV assembly and comprises a vertical support element, supporting the PV assembly above a support surface, an upper interlock element, positioned towards the upper PV edge, and a lower interlock element, positioned towards the lower PV edge. The upper interlock element of one PV shingle assembly is inter-engageable with the lower interlock element of an adjacent PV shingle assembly. In some embodiments the PV shingle assembly may comprise a ventilation path below the PV body. The PV body may be slidably mounted to the connection member to facilitate removal of the PV body.
High impact resistant ceramic composite
Derkacy, J.A.
A ceramic material and a method of forming a ceramic material which possesses a high impact resistance are disclosed. The material comprises: (a) a first continuous phase of [beta]-SiC; and (b) a second phase of about 25-40 vol % TiB[sub 2]. Al[sub 2]O[sub 3] is preferably used as a densification aid. The material is formed by hot-pressing the mixture at a temperature from greater than about 1800 C to less than the transition temperature of [beta]-SiC to [alpha]-SiC. The hot-pressing is performed at a pressure of about 2000 psi to about 4000 psi in an inert atmosphere for several hours and results in the formation of a two phase sintered ceramic composite material. 6 figures.
Using an ultra-thin non-doped orange emission layer to realize high efficiency white organic light-emitting diodes with low efficiency roll-off
Zhu, Liping; Chen, Jiangshan; Ma, Dongge, E-mail: email@example.com [State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022 (China); Zhao, Yongbiao [Luminous Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, Singapore 639798 (Singapore); Zhang, Hongmei [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023 (China)
By adopting an ultra-thin non-doped orange emission layer sandwiched between two blue emission layers, high efficiency white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) with reduced efficiency roll-off were fabricated. The optimized devices show a balanced white emission with Internationale de L'Eclairage of (0.41, 0.44) at the luminance of 1000?cd/m{sup 2}, and the maximum power efficiency, current efficiency (CE), and external quantum efficiency reach 63.2?lm/W, 59.3?cd/A, and 23.1%, which slightly shift to 53.4?lm/W, 57.1?cd/A, and 22.2% at 1000?cd/m{sup 2}, respectively, showing low efficiency roll-off. Detailed investigations on the recombination zone and the transient electroluminescence (EL) clearly reveal the EL processes of the ultra-thin non-doped orange emission layer in WOLEDs.
Earth resistivity measurement near substation ground grids
Lodwig, S.G.; Mateja, S.A. [ComEd, Chicago, IL (United States)
Proper substation grounding grid design requires good, accurate soil resistivity measurements. This data is essential to model the substation ground grid to design a safe ground grid with a satisfactory ground grid resistance at minimum cost. For substations with several decades of service, there is some concern that a grid may have deteriorated, been damaged during equipment installation or excavation, or that initial soil resistivity measurements were lost or may not have been correctly performed. Ground grid conductors change the substation surface voltage distribution. Any voltage measurements taken at the complete substation will also vary from the tests made without conductors present. During testing, current was injected in the soil by probes placed near the ground grid. The current tends to follow the ground grid conductors since copper is a far better conductor than the soil it is placed in. Resistance readings near grids will be lower than readings in undisturbed soil. Since computer models were unavailable for many years, analyzing the effect of the grid conductors on soil resistivity measurements was very difficult. As a result, soil resistivity measurements made close to substations were of little use to the engineer unless some means of correcting the measured values could be developed. This paper will present results of soil resistivity measurements near a substation ground grid before and after a ground grid has been installed and describes a means of calculating the undisturbed soil model.
Using CrAIN Multilayer Coatings to Improve Oxidation Resistance...
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
Coatings to Improve Oxidation Resistance of Steel Interconnects for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stacks. Using CrAIN Multilayer Coatings to Improve Oxidation Resistance of Steel...
Test Procedure for UV Weathering Resistance of Backsheet | Department...
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
Test Procedure for UV Weathering Resistance of Backsheet Test Procedure for UV Weathering Resistance of Backsheet Presented at the PV Module Reliability Workshop, February 26 - 27...
adult plant resistance: Topics by E-print Network
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
... 39 THE ASCORBIC ACID CONTENT OF STEM RUST SUSCEPTIBLE AND RESISTANT WHEATS Breeding new varieties of wheat resistant... to the stem rust fungus, Puccinia...
antimicrobial resistance mechanisms: Topics by E-print Network
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
(more) Myers, Cullen Lucan 2013-01-01 31 Original article Mechanisms of resistance to acrolein Physics Websites Summary: Original article Mechanisms of resistance to acrolein in...
ALS Gives Chevron Scientists New Insights into Corrosion Resistance
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
ALS Gives Chevron Scientists New Insights into Corrosion Resistance ALS Gives Chevron Scientists New Insights into Corrosion Resistance Print Thursday, 25 July 2013 13:44 In the...
New lithium-based ionic liquid electrolytes that resist salt...
lithium-based ionic liquid electrolytes that resist salt concentration polarization New lithium-based ionic liquid electrolytes that resist salt concentration polarization...
Oxygen Diffusion (OD) Dramatically Improves Wear-Resistance of...
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
Oxygen Diffusion (OD) Dramatically Improves Wear-Resistance of Titanium Oxygen Diffusion (OD) Dramatically Improves Wear-Resistance of Titanium 2007 Diesel Engine-Efficiency &...
how many doses can you miss before resistance emerges?
Title: Adherence to antiretroviral HIV drugs: how many doses can you miss before resistance emerges? Abstract. The emergence of drug resistance is one of the ...
DC Resistivity Survey (Wenner Array) At Mt Princeton Hot Springs...
2008 - 2010 Usefulness useful DOE-funding Unknown Exploration Basis Determination of groundwater flux patterns Notes Researchers measured DC resistivity and produced 12 resistivity...
Erosion-Resistant Nanocoatings for Improved Energy Efficiency...
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
Erosion-Resistant Nanocoatings for Improved Energy Efficiency in Gas Turbine Engines Erosion-Resistant Nanocoatings for Improved Energy Efficiency in Gas Turbine Engines...
High PID Resistant Cross-Linked Encapsulnt Based on Polyolefin...
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
are some concern about thermal creep resistance We have developed new polyolefin encapsulant "SOLAR ASCE TM" , which is based on high electrical resistivity polyolefin...
Comparative Study on the Sulfur Tolerance and Carbon Resistance...
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
on the Sulfur Tolerance and Carbon Resistance of Supported Noble Metal Catalysts in Steam Reforming of Liquid Comparative Study on the Sulfur Tolerance and Carbon Resistance of...
Corrosion resistant storage container for radioactive material
Schweitzer, Donald G. (Bayport, NY); Davis, Mary S. (Wading River, NY)
A corrosion resistant long-term storage container for isolating radioactive waste material in a repository. The container is formed of a plurality of sealed corrosion resistant canisters of different relative sizes, with the smaller canisters housed within the larger canisters, and with spacer means disposed between judxtaposed pairs of canisters to maintain a predetermined spacing between each of the canisters. The combination of the plural surfaces of the canisters and the associated spacer means is effective to make the container capable of resisting corrosion, and thereby of preventing waste material from leaking from the innermost canister into the ambient atmosphere.
Corrosion resistant storage container for radioactive material
Schweitzer, D.G.; Davis, M.S.
A corrosion resistant long-term storage container for isolating high-level radioactive waste material in a repository is claimed. The container is formed of a plurality of sealed corrosion resistant canisters of different relative sizes, with the smaller canisters housed within the larger canisters, and with spacer means disposed between juxtaposed pairs of canisters to maintain a predetermined spacing between each of the canisters. The combination of the plural surfaces of the canisters and the associated spacer means is effective to make the container capable of resisting corrosion, and thereby of preventing waste material from leaking from the innermost canister into the ambient atmosphere.
Marts, Donna J. (Idaho Falls, ID); Barker, Stacey G. (Idaho Falls, ID); Wowczuk, Andrew (Wheeling, WV); Vellenoweth, Thomas E. (Wheeling, WV)
A portable barrier strip having retractable tire-puncture spikes for puncturing a vehicle tire. The tire-puncture spikes have an armed position for puncturing a tire and a retracted position for not puncturing a tire. The strip comprises a plurality of barrier blocks having the tire-puncture spikes removably disposed in a shaft that is rotatably disposed in each barrier block. The plurality of barrier blocks hare hingedly interconnected by complementary hinges integrally formed into the side of each barrier block which allow the strip to be rolled for easy storage and retrieval, but which prevent irregular or back bending of the strip. The shafts of adjacent barrier blocks are pivotally interconnected via a double hinged universal joint to accommodate irregularities in a roadway surface and to transmit torsional motion of the shaft from block to block. A single flexshaft cable is connected to the shaft of an end block to allow a user to selectively cause the shafts of a plurality of adjacently connected barrier blocks to rotate the tire-puncture spikes to the armed position for puncturing a vehicle tire, and to the retracted position for not puncturing the tire. The flexshaft is provided with a resiliently biased retracting mechanism, and a release latch for allowing the spikes to be quickly retracted after the intended vehicle tire is punctured.
Impact Resistance of Stitched Composites and Metacomposites ...
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
Impact Resistance of Stitched Composites and Metacomposites Apr 07 2015 10:00 AM - 11:00 AM Dr. K. T. Tan, Assistant Professor, Dept of Mechanical Engrng, University of Akron,...
Genomic analysis of hepatic insulin resistance
Raab, R. Michael
Type II Diabetes mellitus is a genetically complex disease characterized by insulin resistance in peripheral tissues, which results in simultaneous hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. Because of the prevalence of type II ...
P-Glycoprotein Structure and Chemotherapy Resistance
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
The protein, called P-glycoprotein, or P-gp for short, is one of the main reasons cancer cells are resistant to chemotherapy drugs. Understanding its structure may help...
High Temperature Oxidation Resistance and Surface Electrical...
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
with Filtered Arc Cr-Al-N Abstract: The requirements for low cost and high-tempurater corrosion resistance for bipolar interconnect plates in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stacks...
Engineered Surfaces to Resist Corrosion and Wear
New South Wales, University of
MATS4007 Engineered Surfaces to Resist Corrosion and Wear Course Outline Session 2, 2014 School.................................................................................................4 Part III Corrosion and Control) LG07 Lecturer 28 Jul 1 Introduction to friction and wear JH Introduction to corrosion SC 4 Aug 2
Bayesian estimation of resistivities from seismic velocities
Werthmüller, Dieter
I address the problem of finding a background model for the estimation of resistivities in the earth from controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) data by using seismic data and well logs as constraints. Estimation of ...
Diesel particulate filter with zoned resistive heater
Gonze, Eugene V [Pinckney, MI
A diesel particulate filter assembly comprises a diesel particulate filter (DPF) and a heater assembly. The DPF filters a particulate from exhaust produced by an engine. The heater assembly has a first metallic layer that is applied to the DPF, a resistive layer that is applied to the first metallic layer, and a second metallic layer that is applied to the resistive layer. The second metallic layer is etched to form a plurality of zones.
Metal resistance sequences and transgenic plants
Meagher, Richard Brian (Athens, GA); Summers, Anne O. (Athens, GA); Rugh, Clayton L. (Athens, GA)
The present invention provides nucleic acid sequences encoding a metal ion resistance protein, which are expressible in plant cells. The metal resistance protein provides for the enzymatic reduction of metal ions including but not limited to divalent Cu, divalent mercury, trivalent gold, divalent cadmium, lead ions and monovalent silver ions. Transgenic plants which express these coding sequences exhibit increased resistance to metal ions in the environment as compared with plants which have not been so genetically modified. Transgenic plants with improved resistance to organometals including alkylmercury compounds, among others, are provided by the further inclusion of plant-expressible organometal lyase coding sequences, as specifically exemplified by the plant-expressible merB coding sequence. Furthermore, these transgenic plants which have been genetically modified to express the metal resistance coding sequences of the present invention can participate in the bioremediation of metal contamination via the enzymatic reduction of metal ions. Transgenic plants resistant to organometals can further mediate remediation of organic metal compounds, for example, alkylmetal compounds including but not limited to methyl mercury, methyl lead compounds, methyl cadmium and methyl arsenic compounds, in the environment by causing the freeing of mercuric or other metal ions and the reduction of the ionic mercury or other metal ions to the less toxic elemental mercury or other metals.
Jones et al. Canada's lithospheric resistivity Page 1 The electrical resistivity of Canada's lithosphere and correlation
Jones, Alan G.
Jones et al. Canada's lithospheric resistivity Page 1 The electrical resistivity of Canada and Jessica E. Spratt1,7 1: Geological Survey of Canada, 615 Booth St., Ottawa, ON, K1A 0E9, Canada. 2: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada. Email: ij
PLANT RESISTANCE Field and Storage Testing Bt Potatoes for Resistance to Potato
Douches, David S.
PLANT RESISTANCE Field and Storage Testing Bt Potatoes for Resistance to Potato Tuberworm Lansing, MI 48824 J. Econ. Entomol. 97(4): 1425Đ1431 (2004) ABSTRACT Potato tuberworm, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller), is the most serious insect pest of potatoes worldwide. The introduction of the Bacillus
PLANT RESISTANCE Evaluation of Natural and Engineered Resistance Mechanisms in Potato
Douches, David S.
PLANT RESISTANCE Evaluation of Natural and Engineered Resistance Mechanisms in Potato Against Colorado Potato Beetle in a No-Choice Field Study SUSANNAH G. COOPER,1 DAVID S. DOUCHES,1,2 JOSEPH J. COOMBS,1 AND EDWARD J. GRAFIUS3 J. Econ. Entomol. 100(2): 573Đ579 (2007) ABSTRACT The Colorado potato
PLANT RESISTANCE A Test of Taxonomic Predictivity: Resistance to the Colorado Potato
Spooner, David
PLANT RESISTANCE A Test of Taxonomic Predictivity: Resistance to the Colorado Potato Beetle in Wild Relatives of Cultivated Potato S. H. JANSKY,1 R. SIMON,2 AND D. M. SPOONER3 J. Econ. Entomol. 102(1): 422Đ431 (2009) ABSTRACT Wild relatives of potato offer a tremendous germplasm resource for breeders
Environmental Assessment for the Transfer of 1100 AREA, Southern Rail Connection and Rolling Stock, Hanford Site, Richland, Washington
This environmental assessment (EA) has been prepared to assess potential environmental impacts associated with the U.S. Department of Energy's proposed action: the transfer of the 1100 Area, southern rail connection and rolling stock to a non-federal entity. Impact information contained herein will be used by the U.S. Department of Energy, Richland Operations Office Manager, to determine if the proposed action is a major federal action significantly affecting the quality of the human environment. If the proposed action is determined to be major and significant, an environmental impact statement will be prepared. If the proposed action is determined not to be major and significant, a Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI) will be issued and the action can proceed. Criteria used to evaluate significance can be found in Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 1508.27. This EA was prepared in compliance with the ''National Environmental Policy Act'' (NEPA) of 1969, as amended, the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) Regulations for Implementing the Procedural Provisions of NEPA (40 CFR 1500-1508), and the U.S. Department of Energy Implementing Procedures for NEPA (10 CFR 1021). The following is a description of each section of the EA. (1) Purpose and Need for Action. This provides a brief statement concerning the problem or opportunity the U.S. Department of Energy is addressing with the proposed action. As necessary, background information is provided. (2) Description of the Proposed Action. A description with sufficient detail to identify potential environmental impacts is provided. (3) Alternatives to the Proposed Action. Reasonable alternative actions, which would address the Purpose and Need, are described. A no action alternative, as required by 10 CFR 1021, also is described. (4) Affected Environment. This provides a brief description of the locale in which the proposed action takes place, and which may be environmentally impacted. (5) Environmental Impacts. The range of environmental impacts, beneficial and adverse, are described for the proposed action. Impacts of alternatives briefly are discussed. (6) Permits and Regulatory Requirements. A brief description of permits and regulatory requirements for the proposed action is provided. (7) Organizations Consulted. Any outside agencies, groups, or individuals contacted as part of environmental assessment documentation preparation are listed. (8) References. Documents used to provide information or data are listed. The appendices contain additional information necessary to support an understanding of the proposed action, alternatives, and potential impacts is provided. Comments resulting from review of the environmental assessment by states and tribes or other stakeholders and the response to those comments will be included in the appendices.
Improvements of the Variable Thermal Resistance
Székely, V; Kollar, E
A flat mounting unit with electronically variable thermal resistance [1] has been presented in the last year [2]. The design was based on a Peltier cell and the appropriate control electronics and software. The device is devoted especially to the thermal characterization of packages, e.g. in dual cold plate arrangements. Although this design meets the requirements of the static measurement we are intended to improve its parameters as the settling time and dynamic thermal impedance and the range of realized thermal resistance. The new design applies the heat flux sensor developed by our team as well [3], making easier the control of the device. This development allows even the realization of negative thermal resistances.
Improvements of the Variable Thermal Resistance
V. Szekely; S. Torok; E. Kollar
A flat mounting unit with electronically variable thermal resistance [1] has been presented in the last year [2]. The design was based on a Peltier cell and the appropriate control electronics and software. The device is devoted especially to the thermal characterization of packages, e.g. in dual cold plate arrangements. Although this design meets the requirements of the static measurement we are intended to improve its parameters as the settling time and dynamic thermal impedance and the range of realized thermal resistance. The new design applies the heat flux sensor developed by our team as well [3], making easier the control of the device. This development allows even the realization of negative thermal resistances.
Device for reducing vehicle aerodynamic resistance
Graham, Sean C.
A device for reducing vehicle aerodynamic resistance for vehicles having a generally rectangular body disposed above rear wheels, comprising a plurality of load bearing struts attached to the bottom of the rectangular body adjacent its sides, a plurality of opposing flat sheets attached to the load bearing struts, and angled flaps attached to the lower edge of the opposing sheets defining an obtuse angle with the opposing flat sheets extending inwardly with respect to the sides of the rectangular body to a predetermined height above the ground, which, stiffen the opposing flat sheets, bend to resist damage when struck by the ground, and guide airflow around the rear wheels of the vehicle to reduce its aerodynamic resistance when moving.
Emerging pathogens: Dynamics, mutation and drug resistance
Perelson, A.S.; Goldstein, B.; Korber, B.T. [and others
This is the final report of a one-year, Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The objectives of this project were to develop models of the spread of pathogens, such as HIV-1 and influenza, in humans, and then to use the models to address the possibility of designing appropriate drug therapies that may limit the ability of the pathogen to escape treatment by mutating into a drug resistant form. We have developed a model of drug-resistance to amantidine and rimantadine, the two major antiviral drugs used to treat influenza, and have used the model to suggest treatment strategies during an epidemic.
Thermal barrier coating resistant to sintering
Subramanian, Ramesh (Orlando, FL); Sabol, Stephen M. (Orlando, FL)
A device (10) having a ceramic thermal barrier coating layer (16) characterized by a microstructure having gaps (18) with a sintering inhibiting material (22) disposed on the columns (20) within the gaps (18). The sintering resistant material (22) is stable over the range of operating temperatures of the device (10) and is not soluble with the underlying ceramic layer (16). For a YSZ ceramic layer (16) the sintering resistant layer (22) may preferably be aluminum oxide or yttrium aluminum oxide, deposited as a continuous layer or as nodules.
Resistance heater for use in a glass melter
Routt, K.R.; Porter, M.A.
A resistance heating element that includes: a resistance heating medium of a mixture of electrically conductive and insulative particles in powdered form mixed together in predetermined proportions to achieve a given resistivity; a hollow outer electrode surrounding the resistance heating medium; and an inner electrode coaxially disposed within said outer electrode. In its preferred embodiments, the electrically conductive powder is selected from the group consisting essentially of graphite, Inconel alloy, molybdenum, nichrome alloy and stainless steel, while the insulator powder is silicon dioxide or alumina. The resistance heating element, being resistant to damage from mechanical shock and corrosion at elevated temperatures, is used in a glass melter.
Sufficient Conditions for Collision-Resistant Hashing
Ostrovsky, Rafail
information retrieval (PIR) protocols and homomorphic one-way commitments. Keywords. Collision-resistant hash. A homomorphic encryption is a semantically secure encryption in which the plaintexts are taken from a group (single-server, sublinear-communication) one-round PIR protocol [15]. Since PIR is implied by homomorphic
Eagar, Thomas W.
temperature response during resistance spot welding was measured and discussed with various process parameters that the measurement of temperature profiles developed during the welding process is very important in this respect composition on galvanized steel, the temperature distribution during welding was monitored in a one
Nigrostriatal Dopmaine Function and Insulin Resistance
Morris, Jill Kathleen
in Parkinson's disease. We used the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion model of PD to analyze glucose tolerance and peripheral insulin resistance following dopamine (DA) depletion. Finally, we combined a high fat diet and low dose 6-OHDA model to determine...
Original article Mechanisms of resistance to acrolein
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Original article Mechanisms of resistance to acrolein in Drosophila melanogaster L.M. Sierra M Oviedo, Spain (received 29 November 1988; accepted 26 May 1989) Summary - The mechanisms of acrolein of acrolein entering the flies, and the other is an increase in aldehyde dehydrogenase activity; probably
Evaluation of Radiation Resistance for Organic Materials
McDonald, Kirk
for organic materials used in atomic energy- related facilities J-PARC ITER Si-polymer Forming : fiber : "Radiation Resistivity of Polymeric Materials with Data Tables" (in Japanese) JAERI-Data/Code 2003 of Polymeric Materials with Data Tables" (in Japanese) JAERI-Data/Code 2003-015 C C H H H H n Polyethylene (PE
Electrical resistivity mechanism in magnetorheological elastomer
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
polymer. Once the polymer is cured, this anisotropic structure is kept, giving to the composite new the conduction mechanism in such composite, the influence of pressure on the electrical resistivity of metal of the insulating polymer layer strongly adsorbed on the surface of particles. 1. Introduction Conductive polymer
Cracking Resistance of Asphalt Rubber Mix Versus
Mobasher, Barzin
. crack length curve for KR #12;Load vs. CMOD 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 Crack mouth opening, mm 0 500 1000 1500 non-linear fracture mechanics ·Compliance approach ·R-Curve approach #12;Conventional Fatigue Testing factor R-Curve approach Resistance to initiation & growth of cracks Evaluates fracture toughness
Molecular Ecology of Pyrethroid Knockdown Resistance in Culex pipiens pallens Mosquitoes
with resistance to DDT and pyrethroid insecticides. Mol Genassociated with resistance to DDT and pyrethroids. InsectShort report: permethrin and DDT resistance in the malaria
autonomous resistance mechanism: Topics by E-print Network
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McFaline-Figueroa, Jos L 2014-01-01 8 Original article Mechanisms of resistance to acrolein Physics Websites Summary: Original article Mechanisms of resistance to acrolein in...
Schlumberger Resistivity Soundings At Kilauea East Rift Geothermal...
had a highly variable resistivity in the range of 3000 to 34000 ohm-m. Beneath the top layer stretching down to about sea level the rock had a fairly uniform resistivity of...
Methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus requires glycosylated wall teichoic acids
Gleeson, Joseph G.
-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine) residues to S. aureus WTAs. We report that methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is sensitized to -lactams for MRSA resistance. The -O-GlcNAc transferase identified here, TarS, is a unique target for antimicrobials that sensitize MRSA to -lactams. PBP2A | antibiotic resistance | beta lactam potentiation | murein | WTA
Genetics of drug resistance in malaria : identification of genes conferring chloroquine and artemisinin resistance in rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium chabaudi
Modrzynska, Katarzyna Kinga
Resistance to antimalarial drugs continues to be a major obstacle in controlling and eradicating malaria. The identification of genetic markers of resistance is vital for disease management but they can be difficult to ...
Occurrence, Prevalence, and Disinfection Potential of Tetracycline Resistance Genes and Tetracycline Resistant Bacteria in a Subtropical Watershed
Sullivan, Bailey Ann
. The objective of this dissertation research was to gain a better understanding of anthropogenic influences on occurrence of tetracycline resistance and use of traditional disinfection methods for the reduction of tetracycline resistant bacteria and genes...
Value of Irrigation Water with Alternative Input Prices, Product Prices and Yield Levels: Texas Coastal Bend, Cross Timbers, Deep East, Edwards Aquifer, El Paso, Gulf Coast, Lower South Central, Rolling Plains, Trans Pecos and Winter Garden Regions
Sprott, J. M.; Lacewell, R. D.; Beattie, B. R.
East Texas, Edwards Aquifer, E1 Paso, Lower and Upper Gulf Coast, Lower South Central, Rolling Plains I and II, Trans-Pecos and Winter Garden regions. The original contract (TWB 14-40034) did not specify several of the regions included in this report...
Sulfate and acid resistant concrete and mortar
Liskowitz, John W. (Belle Mead, NJ); Wecharatana, Methi (Parsippany, NJ); Jaturapitakkul, Chai (Bangkok, TH); Cerkanowicz, deceased, Anthony E. (late of Livingston, NJ)
The present invention relates to concrete, mortar and other hardenable mixtures comprising cement and fly ash for use in construction and other applications, which hardenable mixtures demonstrate significant levels of acid and sulfate resistance while maintaining acceptable compressive strength properties. The acid and sulfate hardenable mixtures of the invention containing fly ash comprise cementitious materials and a fine aggregate. The cementitous materials may comprise fly ash as well as cement. The fine aggregate may comprise fly ash as well as sand. The total amount of fly ash in the hardenable mixture ranges from about 60% to about 120% of the total amount of cement, by weight, whether the fly ash is included as a cementious material, fine aggregate, or an additive, or any combination of the foregoing. In specific examples, mortar containing 50% fly ash and 50% cement in cementitious materials demonstrated superior properties of corrosion resistance.
Release Resistant Electrical Interconnections For Mems Devices
Peterson, Kenneth A. (Albuquerque, NM); Garrett, Stephen E. (Albuquerque, NM); Reber, Cathleen A. (Corrales, NM)
A release resistant electrical interconnection comprising a gold-based electrical conductor compression bonded directly to a highly-doped polysilicon bonding pad in a MEMS, IMEMS, or MOEMS device, without using any intermediate layers of aluminum, titanium, solder, or conductive adhesive disposed in-between the conductor and polysilicon pad. After the initial compression bond has been formed, subsequent heat treatment of the joint above 363 C creates a liquid eutectic phase at the bondline comprising gold plus approximately 3 wt % silicon, which, upon re-solidification, significantly improves the bond strength by reforming and enhancing the initial bond. This type of electrical interconnection is resistant to chemical attack from acids used for releasing MEMS elements (HF, HCL), thereby enabling the use of a "package-first, release-second" sequence for fabricating MEMS devices. Likewise, the bond strength of an Au--Ge compression bond may be increased by forming a transient liquid eutectic phase comprising Au-12 wt % Ge.
Conformal chemically resistant coatings for microflow devices
Folta, James A.; Zdeblick, Mark
A process for coating the inside surfaces of silicon microflow devices, such as electrophoresis microchannels, with a low-stress, conformal (uniform) silicon nitride film which has the ability to uniformly coat deeply-recessed cavities with, for example, aspect ratios of up to 40:1 or higher. The silicon nitride coating allows extended exposure to caustic solutions. The coating enables a microflow device fabricated in silicon to be resistant to all classes of chemicals: acids, bases, and solvents. The process involves low-pressure (vacuum) chemical vapor deposition. The ultra-low-stress silicon nitride deposition process allows 1-2 .mu.m thick films without cracks, and so enables extended chemical protection of a silicon microflow device against caustics for up to 1 year. Tests have demonstrated the resistance of the films to caustic solutions at both ambient and elevated temperatures to 65.degree. C.
Radiation resistant austenitic stainless steel alloys
Maziasz, Philip J. (Oak Ridge, TN); Braski, David N. (Oak Ridge, TN); Rowcliffe, Arthur F. (Oak Ridge, TN)
An austenitic stainless steel alloy, with improved resistance to radiation-induced swelling and helium embrittlement, and improved resistance to thermal creep at high temperatures, consisting essentially of, by weight percent: from 16 to 18% nickel; from 13 to 17% chromium; from 2 to 3% molybdenum; from 1.5 to 2.5% manganese; from 0.01 to 0.5% silicon; from 0.2 to 0.4% titanium; from 0.1 to 0.2% niobium; from 0.1 to 0.6% vanadium; from 0.06 to 0.12% carbon; from 0.01% to 0.03% nitrogen; from 0.03 to 0.08% phosphorus; from 0.005 to 0.01% boron; and the balance iron, and wherein the alloy may be thermomechanically treated to enhance physical and mechanical properties.
Radiation resistant austenitic stainless steel alloys
Maziasz, P.J.; Braski, D.N.; Rowcliffe, A.F.
An austenitic stainless steel alloy, with improved resistance to radiation-induced swelling and helium embrittlement, and improved resistance to thermal creep at high temperatures, consisting essentially of, by weight percent: from 16 to 18% nickel; from 13 to 17% chromium; from 2 to 3% molybdenum; from 1.5 to 2.5% manganese; from 0.01 to 0.5% silicon; from 0.2 to 0.4% titanium; from 0.1 to 0.2% niobium; from 0.1 to 0.6% vanadium; from 0.06 to 0.12% carbon; from 0.01 to 0.03% nitrogen; from 0.03 to 0.08% phosphorus; from 0.005 to 0.01% boron; and the balance iron, and wherein the alloy may be thermomechanically treated to enhance physical and mechanical properties. 4 figs.
Wear Resistant Amorphous and Nanocomposite Coatings
Racek, O
Glass forming materials (critical cooling rate <10{sup 4}K.s{sup -1}) are promising for their high corrosion and wear resistance. During rapid cooling, the materials form an amorphous structure that transforms to nanocrystalline during a process of devitrification. High hardness (HV 1690) can be achieved through a controlled crystallization. Thermal spray process has been used to apply coatings, which preserves the amorphous/nanocomposite structure due to a high cooling rate of the feedstock particles during the impact on a substrate. Wear properties have been studied with respect to process conditions and feedstock material properties. Application specific properties such as sliding wear resistance have been correlated with laboratory tests based on instrumented indentation and scratch tests.
Sulfate and acid resistant concrete and mortar
Liskowitz, J.W.; Wecharatana, M.; Jaturapitakkul, C.; Cerkanowicz, A.E.
The present invention relates to concrete, mortar and other hardenable mixtures comprising cement and fly ash for use in construction and other applications, which hardenable mixtures demonstrate significant levels of acid and sulfate resistance while maintaining acceptable compressive strength properties. The acid and sulfate hardenable mixtures of the invention containing fly ash comprise cementitious materials and a fine aggregate. The cementitous materials may comprise fly ash as well as cement. The fine aggregate may comprise fly ash as well as sand. The total amount of fly ash in the hardenable mixture ranges from about 60% to about 120% of the total amount of cement, by weight, whether the fly ash is included as a cementious material, fine aggregate, or an additive, or any combination of the foregoing. In specific examples, mortar containing 50% fly ash and 50% cement in cementitious materials demonstrated superior properties of corrosion resistance. 6 figs.
Resistivity changes in carbon-implanted Teflon
Jackson, Matthew R.
UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH FELLOW April 2004 Major: Nuclear Engineering RESISTIVITY CHANGES IN CARBON-IMPLANTED TEFLON A Senior Honors Thesis by MATTHEW R. JACKSON Submitted to the Office of Honors Programs k Academic Scholarships Texas A&M University... In partial fulfillment of the requirements of the UNIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH FELLOW Approved as to style and content by: Ron Hart (Fellows Advisor) April 2004 Edward A. Funkhouser (Executive Director) Major: Nuclear Engineering ABSTRACT...
Device for reducing vehicle aerodynamic resistance
Graham, Sean C.
A device for a vehicle with a pair of swinging rear doors, which converts flat sheets of pliable material hinged to the sides of the vehicle adjacent the rear thereof into effective curved airfoils that reduce the aerodynamic resistance of the vehicle, when the doors are closed by hand, utilizing a plurality of stiffeners disposed generally parallel to the doors and affixed to the sheets and a plurality of collapsible tension bearings struts attached to each stiffener and the adjacent door.
Thermal barrier coating resistant to sintering
Subramanian, Ramesh; Seth, Brij B.
A device (10) is made, having a ceramic thermal barrier coating layer (16) characterized by a microstructure having gaps (18) with a sintering inhibiting material (22) disposed on the columns (20) within the gaps (18). The sintering resistant material (22) is stable over the range of operating temperatures of the device (10), is not soluble with the underlying ceramic layer (16) and is applied by a process that is not an electron beam physical vapor deposition process.
Greenbug-resistance Studies with Small Grains.
Chada, H. L.; Atkins, I. M.; Gardenhire, J. H.; Weibl, D. E.
insects. Such varieties may not be immune from attack, but insect populations increase on them more slowly; therefore, they are more readily controlled with chemicals when necessary. Greenbug-resistance studies were initiated at Substation No. 6.... Gardenhire and D. E. Weibel* HE GREENBUG (Toxoptera (Rond.)), among several aphids that attack small grains, is one of the most damaging insects of small- grain crops in the United States. Fifteen serious outbreaks have oc- curred since 1882, 10...
Sensing of buried wastes through resistivity measurements
Reddy, Bollam Muralidhar
electrodes to simulate a two-dimensional electric field distribution with tap water as the medium. Model boreholes were introduced into the tank, incorporating regularly spaced linear electrodes, which were used for electrical transmission and reception... of the half- space based on the electrode configuration chosen. It should be possible to generate contours of contaminant concentration based on electrical resistivity values across an entire site from only a few bore holes, representing a major economy...
Clothes That Care -- Flame Resistant Protection.
Kerbel, Claudia
fabrics , how to care for FR clothing, how consumers can express opinions about flame-resistant gar ments and how consumers can avoid fires at home. Protection For . .. Certain groups are more likely to be involved in clothing fire accidents than... fr quently than in their proportional share of the population . People whose reflexes are slowed by drugs , alcohol , physical disability or mental illness are also susceptible to injury or death by fire be cause they cannot respond quickly...
Method and an apparatus to control the lateral motion of a long metal bar being formed by a mechanical process such as rolling or drawing
Chang, Tzyy-Shuh (Ann Arbor, MI); Huang, Hsun-Hau (Ann Arbor, MI); Lin, Chang-Hung (Ann Arbor, MI)
An adjustable guide, includes two or more mechanisms each having a rotatable retaining element containing a retaining groove with a variable radius in its perimeter surface. The grooves form a guidance path to control the lateral, i.e. non-axial, motion of a long bar moving along a longitudinal axis during a production process.The diameter of the guidance path varies according to the variable radii of the grooves. The guidance path increases in size at a predetermined rate, from a point of origin to an end point on the retaining groove. Rotating the retaining elements causes the diameter of the retaining grooves to change so that the size of the guidance path can be changed to match the diameter of the bar being rolled, size of the guidance path can be changed to fit the diameter of a new bar rolled without having to exchange the guide for a different sized guide, reduce fiction between the bar and the guide, a media, such as compressed air, can be injected between the retaining elements via orifices.Each retaining element is attached to a mounting apparatus. The mounting apparatus can be fixed or flexible. The flexible mounting apparatus includes one or more springs and one or more shock absorbers. A force neutral position of the flexible mounting apparatus is designed to be located on the predetermined ideal bar path line. The flexible mounting apparatus dissipates kinetic energy from the bar thereby reducing the bar's lateral motion relative to the ideal bar path line.The damping ratio of the mounting apparatus can be adjustable to alter the product's vibration mode to enable better control of the bar's lateral motion.
Evaluation of rice husk ash as filler in tread compounds
Fernandes, M. R. S., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Lanxess Elastômeros do Brasil S.A., Brasil and Instituto de Química, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) (Brazil); Furtado, C. R. G., E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com; Sousa, A. M. F. de, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Instituto de Química, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) (Brazil)
Rice which is one of the largest agriculture crops produces around 22% of rice rusk during its milling process. This material is mainly used as fuel for energy generation, which results in an ash, which disposal represents an environmental issue. The rice husk ash (RHA) contains over than 70% of silica in an amorphous form and a lot of applications is being developed for it all over the world. The use of silica as a filler in the tire industry is growing since it contributes significantly to the reduction of fuel consumption of the automobiles, allowing at the same time better traction (safety). This paper presents an evaluation of the use of RHA as filler in rubber tread compounds prepared in lab scale and compares its performance with compounds prepared with commercial silica and carbon black, the fillers normally used in tire industry. Mechanical and rheological properties are evaluated, with emphasis for tan delta as an indicator of tread performance related with rolling resistance (fuel consumption) and wet grip/traction (safety)
Electrical resistance tomography from measurements inside a steel cased borehole
Daily, William D. (Livermore, CA); Schenkel, Clifford (Walnut Creek, CA); Ramirez, Abelardo L. (Pleasanton, CA)
Electrical resistance tomography (ERT) produced from measurements taken inside a steel cased borehole. A tomographic inversion of electrical resistance measurements made within a steel casing was then made for the purpose of imaging the electrical resistivity distribution in the formation remotely from the borehole. The ERT method involves combining electrical resistance measurements made inside a steel casing of a borehole to determine the electrical resistivity in the formation adjacent to the borehole; and the inversion of electrical resistance measurements made from a borehole not cased with an electrically conducting casing to determine the electrical resistivity distribution remotely from a borehole. It has been demonstrated that by using these combined techniques, highly accurate current injection and voltage measurements, made at appropriate points within the casing, can be tomographically inverted to yield useful information outside the borehole casing.
The electrical resistivity method in cased boreholes
Schenkel, C.J.
The use of downhole current sources in resistivity mapping can greatly enhance the detection and delineation of subsurface features. The purpose of this work is to examine the resistivity method for current sources in wells cased with steel. The resistivity method in cased boreholes with downhole current sources is investigated using the integral equation (IE) technique. The casing and other bodies are characterized as conductivity inhomogeneities in a half-space. For sources located along the casing axis, an axially symmetric Green's function is used to formulate the surface potential and electric field (E-field) volume integral equations. The situations involving off-axis current sources and three-dimensional (3-D) bodies is formulated using the surface potential IE method. The solution of the 3-D Green's function is presented in cylindrical and Cartesian coordinate systems. The methods of moments is used to solve the Fredholm integral equation of the second kind for the response due to the casing and other bodies. The numerical analysis revealed that the current in the casing can be approximated by its vertical component except near the source and the axial symmetric approximation of the casing is valid even for the 3-D problem. The E-field volume IE method is an effective and efficient technique to simulate the response of the casing in a half-space, whereas the surface potential approach is computationally better when multiple bodies are involved. Analyzing several configurations of the current source indicated that the casing response is influenced by four characteristic factors: conduction length, current source depth,casing depth, and casing length. 85 refs., 133 figs., 11 tabs.
Inheritance of greenbug resistance in oats
Tesfaye, Tebebe Selassie
to the greenbug. Greenbug reactions of the parents, FI, and FZ generations were determined by artificial infestation in an insectary. High greenbug populations were utilized to provide a severe "test" for greenbug resistance. Susceptible genotypes usually were... or variety' Greenbug damage rating' C. I. 1579 C. I. 1580 C. I. 2712 C. I. 3223 P. I. 251580 P. I. 251896 P. I. 251898 P. I. 258612 P. I. 258637 P. I. 258644 TX64023-162R" 72C1025' Coker 75-12 Coker 42Ze 72C3034 79GH110 79GH269 79GH308 79GM...
High efficiency, oxidation resistant radio frequency susceptor
Besmann, Theodore M.; Klett, James W.
An article and method of producing an article for converting energy from one form to another having a pitch-derived graphitic foam carbon foam substrate and a single layer coating applied to all exposed surfaces wherein the coating is either silicon carbide or carbides formed from a Group IVA metal. The article is used as fully coated carbon foam susceptors that more effectively absorb radio frequency (RF) band energy and more effectively convert the RF energy into thermal band energy or sensible heat. The essentially non-permeable coatings also serve as corrosion or oxidation resistant barriers.
Corrosion Resistance of Niobium Alloys in Lithium
Ignativ, M.I.
NbP1-1 niobium and NV-7, NTsU, and 5VMTs alloys, the chemical composition of which and the experimental method for were presented earlier, were investigated. The specimens were heat treated after which they were held in lithium. It was shown that in long holds of niobium alloys in lithium at temperatures below 1050/sup 0/C, the increase in their corrosion resistance is obtained not by combining the oxygen in oxides, but by the increase in the equilibrium concentration of oxygen in the investigated material by solid solution alloying of it with a metal more active toward oxygen.
Proliferation resistance criteria for fissile material disposition
Close, D.A.; Fearey, B.L.; Markin, J.T.; Rutherford, D.A. [Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States); Duggan, R.A.; Jaeger, C.D.; Mangan, D.L.; Moya, R.W.; Moore, L.R. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States); Strait, R.S. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (United States)
The 1994 National Academy of Sciences study {open_quotes}Management and Disposition of Excess Weapons Plutonium{close_quotes} defined options for reducing the national and international proliferation risks of materials declared excess to the nuclear weapons program. This report proposes criteria for assessing the proliferation resistance of these options. The criteria are general, encompassing all stages of the disposition process from storage through intermediate processing to final disposition including the facilities, processing technologies and materials, the level of safeguards for these materials, and the national/subnational threat to the materials.
Erosion resistant elbow for solids conveyance
Everett, J.W.
An elbow and process for fabrication for use in particulate material conveyancing comprises a curved outer pipe, a curved inner pipe having the same radius of curvature as the outer pipe, concentric with and internal to the outer pipe, comprising an outer layer comprised of a first material and an inner layer comprised of a second material wherein said first material is characterized by high erosion resistance when impinged by particulate material and wherein said second material is characterized by high tensile strength and flexibility, and an inner pipe supporting means for providing support to said inner pipe, disposed between said inner pipe and said outer pipe. 4 figs.
Observations on resistance to sorghum leaf blight
Tuleen, Darlene Mae
and 9, pp. 43-44) reflect genetic segrega- tion, they should be viewed as individual plant phenomena rather than as an intermediate-type susceptibility to toxin. Further genetic study of the host may clarify the role of this toxin in the intermediate..., they are uniformly susceptible to attack by parasites. Hybrid grain sorghums are built on a dangerously narrow genetic base (16) susceptible to leaf blight, Resistant cultivars have, however, been recently discovered (2, 11). The purpose of this thesis is (a...
Sulphidation resistance of composite boiler tube materials
Kish, Joseph [McMaster University; Eng, Philip [FPInnovations; Singbeil, Douglas [FPInnovations; Keiser, James R [ORNL
A lab-based testing program was undertaken to generate data to better define the sulphidation resistance of composite tubes installed in the lower-furnace section of black liquor recovery boilers. All composite tube cladding alloys tested were observed to have an acceptable corrosion rate at normal operating temperatures (up to 400 C) in the synthetic lower-furnace gaseous environment tested (1% H{sub 2}S-99% N{sub 2}). This acceptable corrosion resistance is due to the expected formation of a relatively protective chromium-rich inner sulphide scale. An increase in temperature up to 560 C was found to significantly increase the corrosion rate. Of the various alloys tested, Alloy HR11N exhibited the lowest corrosion rate at each of the three temperatures tested. Moreover, the corrosion rate was found not to be strongly dependent on the fabrication route (weld overlay versus co-extruded). To minimize corrosion, operating conditions that promote prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures in the lower-furnace section of black liquor recovery boilers should be avoided, regardless of the type of composite tube installed.
Proliferation resistance of small modular reactors fuels
Polidoro, F.; Parozzi, F. [RSE - Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico,Via Rubattino 54, 20134, Milano (Italy); Fassnacht, F.; Kuett, M.; Englert, M. [IANUS, Darmstadt University of Technology, Alexanderstr. 35, D-64283 Darmstadt (Germany)
In this paper the proliferation resistance of different types of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) has been examined and classified with criteria available in the literature. In the first part of the study, the level of proliferation attractiveness of traditional low-enriched UO{sub 2} and MOX fuels to be used in SMRs based on pressurized water technology has been analyzed. On the basis of numerical simulations both cores show significant proliferation risks. Although the MOX core is less proliferation prone in comparison to the UO{sub 2} core, it still can be highly attractive for diversion or undeclared production of nuclear material. In the second part of the paper, calculations to assess the proliferation attractiveness of fuel in typical small sodium cooled fast reactor show that proliferation risks from spent fuel cannot be neglected. The core contains a highly attractive plutonium composition during the whole life cycle. Despite some aspects of the design like the sealed core that enables easy detection of unauthorized withdrawal of fissile material and enhances proliferation resistance, in case of open Non-Proliferation Treaty break-out, weapon-grade plutonium in sufficient quantities could be extracted from the reactor core.
Breeding Strains of Cotton Resistant to Bacterial Blight.
Blank, Lester M. (Lester Marion); Bird, L. S. (Luther Smith)
obtained by grading infection of individual plants in F, progenies from crosses of Stoneville 20 with susceptible Delta- pine and Acala supported the monohybrid hypothesis of the inheritance of Stoneville 20 resistance. The data strongly indi- cated... that susceptibility was dominant and resistance was recessive. The nature of the genetic data, along with the results of indi- vidual plant selections, indicated that minor genes greatly in- fluence the degree of resistance given by the major genes. CONTENTS...
Hot Particle and Turbulent Transport Effects on Resistive Instabilities
Brennan, Dylan P.
This research project included two main thrusts; energetic particle effects on resistive MHD modes in tokamaks, and turbulence interactions with tearing modes in simplified geometry.
acquired resistance genes: Topics by E-print Network
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
and fractionation resistance Biology and Medicine Websites Summary: in Paramecium, Gout et al. 10 identify a clear relationship between high WGD duplicate gene retention...
Resistivity Log At Valles Caldera - Redondo Geothermal Area ...
Et Al., 1987) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: Resistivity Log At Valles Caldera - Redondo Geothermal Area (Rowley, Et Al., 1987)...
acquired resistance pathway: Topics by E-print Network
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
resistance (IR) or hyperinsulinemia, and laminitis is a common endocrine disorder of horses. The mechanisms responsible (more) Banse, Heidi Elise 2013-01-01 265 Psychology:...
anaerobic acid resistance: Topics by E-print Network
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25 Antibacterial Activities of Liposomal Linolenic Acids against Antibiotic-Resistant Helicobacter pylori Materials Science Websites Summary: , California 92093, United States...
Dipole-Dipole Resistivity At Blue Mountain Geothermal Area (Ross...
GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: Dipole-Dipole Resistivity At Blue Mountain Geothermal Area (Ross, Et Al., 1999) Exploration Activity Details Location...
Electrical Resistivity and Self-Potential Surveys Blue Mountain...
Self-Potential Surveys Blue Mountain Geothermal Area, Nevada Jump to: navigation, search OpenEI Reference LibraryAdd to library Journal Article: Electrical Resistivity and...
Study on PID Resistance of HIT PV Modules
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
2013 Photovoltaic Module Reliability Workshop NREL, Golden, CO February 26-27, 2013 Study on PID resistance of HIT PV modules Tasuku Ishiguro 1 , Hiroshi Kanno 1 , Mikio...
agent resistant coating: Topics by E-print Network
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
in the polymer coating dramatically Matthewson, M. John 33 Protective Coatings for Turbomachinery Texas A&M University - TxSpace Summary: broad range of corrodents. 2) Resist...
Test Procedure for UV Weathering Resistance of Backsheet
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
NREL PVRWS 2013 % 2013 Feb. 27 % Test Procedure for UV Weathering % Resistance of Backsheet % Kusato Hirota, Michiko Tanaka, Takao Amioka, Miki Terada % Toray Industries, Inc. %...
aminoglycoside resistance genes: Topics by E-print Network
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
Page Topic Index 1 Aminoglycoside resistance in clinical Gram-negative isolates from Norway . Open Access Theses and Dissertations Summary: ??Aminoglycosides represent an...
aminoglycoside resistance methyltransferase: Topics by E-print...
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
Page Topic Index 1 Aminoglycoside resistance in clinical Gram-negative isolates from Norway . Open Access Theses and Dissertations Summary: ??Aminoglycosides represent an...
Demonstration of Combined Zero-Valent Iron and Electrical Resistance...
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
and M Oostrom.2011."Demonstration of Combined Zero-Valent Iron and Electrical Resistance Heating for In Situ Trichloroethene Remediation."Environmental Science & Technology...
Multifunctional Corrosion-resistant Foamed Well Cement Composites
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
Multifunctional Corrosion-resistant Foamed Well Cement Composites Project Officer: Dan KingGreg Stillman Total budget: 300 K April 24 , 2013 Principal Investigator: Dr. Toshifumi...
Direct-Current Resistivity Survey At Blue Mountain Area (Fairbank...
Blue Mountain Area (Fairbank Engineering Ltd, 2005) Exploration Activity Details Location Blue Mountain Area Exploration Technique Direct-Current Resistivity Survey Activity Date...
Dipole-Dipole Resistivity At Blue Mountain Geothermal Area (Fairbank...
Fairbank Engineering Ltd, 2003) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: Dipole-Dipole Resistivity At Blue Mountain Geothermal Area...
acquired apoptotic resistance: Topics by E-print Network
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
cancers exhibit or acquire resistance (more) Son, Jae Kyoung 2010-01-01 44 Acquired Dyslexia in Japanese: Implications for Reading Theory . Open Access Theses and Dissertations...
acquired antiestrogen resistance: Topics by E-print Network
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
cancers exhibit or acquire resistance (more) Son, Jae Kyoung 2010-01-01 34 Acquired Dyslexia in Japanese: Implications for Reading Theory . Open Access Theses and Dissertations...
Direct-Current Resistivity Survey At Kilauea Southwest Rift And...
Southwest Rift And South Flank Area (Thomas, 1986) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: Direct-Current Resistivity Survey At Kilauea...
Direct-Current Resistivity At Kilauea Southwest Rift And South...
Southwest Rift And South Flank Area (Thomas, 1986) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: Direct-Current Resistivity At Kilauea...
Direct-Current Resistivity Survey At Mauna Loa Northeast Rift...
Mauna Loa Northeast Rift Area (Thomas, 1986) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: Direct-Current Resistivity Survey At Mauna Loa...
Structural Dependence of Grain Boundary Resistance in Copper Nanowires
Kim, Tae Hwan [ORNL; Zhang, Xiaoguang [ORNL; Nicholson, Don M [ORNL; Radhakrishnan, Bala [ORNL; Radhakrishnan, Balasubramaniam [ORNL; Evans III, Boyd Mccutchen [ORNL; Kulkarni, Nagraj S [ORNL; Kenik, Edward A [ORNL; Meyer III, Harry M [ORNL; Li, An-Ping [ORNL
The current choice of the interconnect metal in integrated circuits is copper due to its higher electrical conductivity and improved electromigration reliability in comparison with aluminum. However, with reducing feature sizes, the resistance of copper interconnects (lines) increases dramatically. Greater resistance will result in higher energy use, more heat generation, more failure due to electromigration, and slower switching speeds. To keep pace with the projected planar transistor density, the first challenge is to identify the dominant factors that contribute to the high interconnect resistance. Here we directly measure individual grain boundary (GB) resistances in copper nanowires with a one-to-one correspondence to the GB structure. The specific resistivities of particular GBs are measured using four-probe scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) to establish a direct link between GB structure and the resistance. High-angle random GBs contribute to a specific resistivity of about 25 10-12 cm2 for each boundary, while coincidence boundaries are significantly less-resistive than random boundaries. Thus, replacing random boundaries with coincidence ones would be a route to suppress the GB impact to the resistivity of polycrystalline conductors. Acknowledgement: The research was supported by the Division of Scientific User Facilities, U. S. Department of Energy.
Covered Product Category: Residential Electric Resistance Water Heaters
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
FEMP sets federal efficiency requirements and provides acquisition guidance across a variety of product categories, including residential electric resistance water heaters.
Low thermal resistance power module assembly
Hassani, Vahab (Denver, CO); Vlahinos, Andreas (Castle Rock, CO); Bharathan, Desikan (Arvada, CO)
A power module assembly with low thermal resistance and enhanced heat dissipation to a cooling medium. The assembly includes a heat sink or spreader plate with passageways or openings for coolant that extend through the plate from a lower surface to an upper surface. A circuit substrate is provided and positioned on the spreader plate to cover the coolant passageways. The circuit substrate includes a bonding layer configured to extend about the periphery of each of the coolant passageways and is made up of a substantially nonporous material. The bonding layer may be solder material which bonds to the upper surface of the plate to provide a continuous seal around the upper edge of each opening in the plate. The assembly includes power modules mounted on the circuit substrate on a surface opposite the bonding layer. The power modules are positioned over or proximal to the coolant passageways.
Thermal barrier coating resistant to sintering
Subramanian, Ramesh; Seth, Brig B.
A device (10) is made, having a ceramic thermal barrier coating layer (16) characterized by a microstructure having gaps (18) with a sintering inhibiting material (22) disposed on the columns (20) within the gaps (18). The sintering resistant material (22) is stable over the range of operating temperatures of the device (10), is not soluble with the underlying ceramic layer (16) and is applied by a process that is not an electron beam physical vapor deposition process. The sintering inhibiting material (22) has a morphology adapted to improve the functionality of the sintering inhibiting material (22), characterized as continuous, nodule, rivulet, grain, crack, flake and combinations thereof and being disposed within at least some of the vertical and horizontal gaps.
Device for reducing vehicle aerodynamic resistance
Graham, Sean C.
A device for reducing vehicle aerodynamic resistance for vehicles having a generally rectangular flat front face comprising a plurality of load bearing struts of a predetermined size attached to the flat front face adjacent the sides and top thereof, a pair of pliable opposing flat sheets having an outside edge portion attached to the flat front face adjacent the sides thereof and an upper edge with a predetermined curve; the opposing flat sheets being bent and attached to the struts to form effective curved airfoil shapes, and a top pliable flat sheet disposed adjacent the top of the flat front face and having predetermined curved side edges, which, when the top sheet is bent and attached to the struts to form an effective curved airfoil shape, mate with the curved upper edges of the opposing sheets to complete the aerodynamic device.
Load-resistant coaxial transmission line
Hall, David R.; Fox, Joe
A transmission line for downhole tools that make up all or part of a tool string for drilling and production of oil, gas, and geothermal wells that can withstand the dynamic gravitational forces and other accelerations associated with downhole excavations. The transmission line has a metal tube, or outer conductor, that houses a coaxial wire inner conductor. A non-metallic dielectric material is interposed between the inner and outer conductors. The outer and inner conductors and the dielectric are sufficiently compressed together so that independent motion between them is abated. Compression of the components of the transmission line may be achieved by drawing the transmission through one or more dies in order to draw down the outer conductor onto the dielectric, or by expanding the inner conductor against the dielectric using a mandrel or hydraulic pressure. Non-metallic bead segments may be used in aid of the compression necessary to resist the dynamic forces and accelerations of drilling.
Improved high temperature creep resistant austenitic alloy
Maziasz, P.J.; Swindeman, R.W.; Goodwin, G.M.
An improved austenitic alloy having in wt% 19-21 Cr, 30-35 Ni, 1.5-2.5 Mn, 2-3 Mo, 0.1-0.4 Si, 0.3-0.5 Ti, 0.1-0.3 Nb, 0.1-0.5 V, 0.001-0.005 P, 0.08-0.12 C, 0.01-0.03 N, 0.005-0.01 B and the balance iron that is further improved by annealing for up to 1 hour at 1150-1200/degree/C and then cold deforming 5-15%. The alloy exhibits dramatically improved creep rupture resistance and ductility at 700/degree/C. 2 figs.
Electrically resistive coating for remediation (regeneration) of a diesel particulate filter and method
Phelps, Amanda C. (Malibu, CA); Kirby, Kevin K. (Calabasas Hills, CA); Gregoire, Daniel J. (Thousand Oaks, CA)
A resistively heated diesel particulate filter (DPF). The resistively heated DPF includes a DPF having an inlet surface and at least one resistive coating on the inlet surface. The at least one resistive coating is configured to substantially maintain its resistance in an operating range of the DPF. The at least one resistive coating has a first terminal and a second terminal for applying electrical power to resistively heat up the at least one resistive coating in order to increase the temperature of the DPF to a regeneration temperature. The at least one resistive coating includes metal and semiconductor constituents.
FORTRAN algorithm for correcting normal resistivity logs for borehold diameter and mud resistivity
Scott, J H
The FORTRAN algorithm described was developed for applying corrections to normal resistivity logs of any electrode spacing for the effects of drilling mud of known resistivity in boreholes of variable diameter. The corrections are based on Schlumberger departure curves that are applicable to normal logs made with a standard Schlumberger electric logging probe with an electrode diameter of 8.5 cm (3.35 in). The FORTRAN algorithm has been generalized to accommodate logs made with other probes with different electrode diameters. Two simplifying assumptions used by Schlumberger in developing the departure curves also apply to the algorithm: (1) bed thickness is assumed to be infinite (at least 10 times larger than the electrode spacing), and (2) invasion of drilling mud into the formation is assumed to be negligible.
Corrosion resistant iron aluminides exhibiting improved mechanical properties and corrosion resistance
Liu, C.T.; McKamey, C.G.; Tortorelli, P.F.; David, S.A.
The specification discloses a corrosion-resistant intermetallic alloy comprising, in atomic percent, an FeAl iron aluminide containing from about 30 to about 40% aluminum alloyed with from about 0.01 to 0.4% zirconium and from 0.01 to about 0.8% boron. The alloy exhibits considerably improved room temperature ductility for enhanced usefulness in structural applications. The high temperature strength and fabricability is improved by alloying with molybdenum, carbon, chromium and vanadium. 9 figs.
Corrosion resistant iron aluminides exhibiting improved mechanical properties and corrosion resistance
Liu, Chain T. (Oak Ridge, TN); McKamey, Claudette G. (Knoxville, TN); Tortorelli, Peter F. (Knoxville, TN); David, Stan A. (Knoxville, TN)
The specification discloses a corrosion-resistant intermetallic alloy comprising, in atomic percent, an FeAl iron aluminide containing from about 30 to about 40% aluminum alloyed with from about 0.01 to 0.4% zirconium and from 0.01 to about 0.8% boron. The alloy exhibits considerably improved room temperature ductility for enhanced usefulness in structural applications. The high temperature strength and fabricability is improved by alloying with molybdenum, carbon, chromium and vanadium.
The origins and limits of metalgraphene junction resistance
Perebeinos, Vasili
with a drain bias of 1 mV. The sourcedrain resistance (Rtotal) is plotted in Fig. 1a as a function of back resistance (Rtotal) between the source and drain in a graphene transistor is regarded as the combination and drain contacts are made from palladium/gold (25/25 nm). We first performed measurements at 300 K
Resistance Movements in Conflict Transformation and Social Change
Richner, Heinz
as a form of reflection of people's power to establish social justice. Hence, a non-violent mass movement Pinochet in 1983; the overthrow of Ferdinand Marcos, the president of Philippines ,by people's power.1 Resistance Movement in State Transformation and Social Change The people's resistant movement of April 2006
Resistance and spontaneous potential measurements over Heald Bank, Texas
Ferebee, Thomas Wilson
will be relatively hi gh. Nat1ve elements frequently occur as solid solutions. Impurities have the opposite effect on semiconductors and solid electrolytes, that 1s, they reduce resistivity (Parkhomenko, 1967). Rock Res i s ti vi ty Electrica'l resist1vity 1n...
acid resistance test: Topics by E-print Network
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
acid resistance test First Page Previous Page 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Next Page Last Page Topic Index 1 Acid Resistance of Fly ash based...
Cinematography of Resistance Spot Welding of Galvanized Steel Sheet
Eagar, Thomas W.
Cinematography of Resistance Spot Welding of Galvanized Steel Sheet Preweld and postweld current modifications on the resistance spot welding of galvanized steel sheet ·are analyzed using high phenomena through· out the weld process are discussed. In addition. the duration of current modifi· cation
Disorder resistivity of solid neutron-star matter
P. B. Jones
Lower limits are found for the disorder resistivity of solid neutron-star matter in the neutron-drip region which is amorphous and heterogeneous in nuclear charge. This temperature-independent resistivity, large compared with that produced by phonon scattering, has direct consequences for theories of neutron-star magnetic field generation and evolution.
6 College of Science Quarterly Resistance is ... inevitable.
Crawford, T. Daniel
children. As the disease and carrier mosquitoes build up resistances to the cur- rent crop of antimalarial, and affiliate with the Fralin LIfe Science Institute. #12;7AUGUST 2014 resistances build up within diseases, started to be used on a large scale in the 1850s and by 1933 was limited by the League of Na- tions
Cancer Treatment Using Multiple Chemotheraputic Agents Subject to Drug Resistance
Hanson, Floyd B.
Cancer Treatment Using Multiple Chemotheraputic Agents Subject to Drug Resistance J. J. Westman-7045 USA Abstract A compartment model for the evolution of cancer subject to multiple chemotherapeutic agents is presented. The formulation accounts for the heterogeneous nature of cancer and drug resistance
Original article Risk factors for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Boyer, Edmond
Original article Risk factors for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection in dogs and cats were investigated in an unmatched case-control study MRSA cases and 92 controls with methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) infection. The association
Salt Concentration Differences Alter Membrane Resistance in Reverse Electrodialysis Stacks
Salt Concentration Differences Alter Membrane Resistance in Reverse Electrodialysis Stacks Geoffrey is usually measured by immersing the membrane in a salt solution at a single, fixed concentration. While salt resistance of the membranes separating different salt concentration solutions has implications for modeling