text:
Temporal range: 15.970–0 Ma Miocene to Recent
|The harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena)
|Scientific classification
Gray, 1825
See text
Porpoises are a group of fully aquatic marine mammals, that are sometimes referred to as mereswine, all of which are classified under the family Phocoenidae, parvorder Odontoceti (toothed whales). There are 8 extant species of porpoise. They are small toothed whales that are very closely related to oceanic dolphins. The most obvious visible difference between the two groups is that porpoises have shorter beaks and flattened, spade-shaped teeth distinct from the conical teeth of dolphins. Porpoises, and other cetaceans, belong to the clade Cetartiodactyla with even-toed ungulates, and their closest living relatives are the hippopotamuses, having diverged about 40 million years ago.
Porpoises range in size from the 1.4 metres (4.6 ft) and 54 kilograms (119 lb) Vaquita, the smallest cetacean to be discovered, to the 2.3 metres (7.5 ft) and 220 kilograms (490 lb) Dall's porpoise. Several species exhibit sexual dimorphism, in that the females are larger than males. They have streamlined bodies and two limbs that are modified into flippers. Dall's porpoise is one of the fastest cetaceans discovered, with the ability to travel 40 knots. Porpoises have the ability to produce biosonar and it is their primary sensory system. Some species are well adapted for diving to great depths. They have a layer of fat, or blubber, under the skin to keep warm in the cold water.
Porpoises are not very widespread, with all specializing near the polar regions, usually near the coast. Porpoises feed largely on fish and squid, much like the rest of the odontocetes. Males typically mate with multiple females every year, but females only mate every two to three years. Calves are typically born in the spring and summer months and females bear all the responsibility for raising them. Some porpoises produce a variety of clicks and whistles, which are thought to be primarily for social purposes. A few species, like the harbor porpoise, are highly sociable, but pods, generally, don't exceed ten individuals for most species.
Porpoises were, and still are, hunted by some countries by means of drive hunting. Some species are attributed with high levels of intelligence. At the 2012 meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, support was reiterated for a cetacean bill of rights, listing cetaceans as non-human persons. The Vacquita nearly became extinct in the twentieth century, with a predicted population less than 100 individuals, and, with the extinction of the Baiji, is considered the most endangered cetacean. Besides drive hunting, they also face threats from bycatch, competition (from humans), and marine pollution. Porpoises are sometimes kept in captivity and trained to perform tricks, but breeding success has been poor.
Taxonomy and evolution[edit]
Porpoises, along with whales and dolphins, are descendants of land-living ungulates (hoofed animals) that first entered the oceans around 50 million years ago (Mya). During the Miocene (23 to 5 Mya), mammals were fairly modern. The cetaceans diversified, and fossil evidence suggests porpoises and dolphins diverged from their last common ancestor around 15 Mya. The oldest fossils are known from the shallow seas around the North Pacific, with animals spreading to the European coasts and Southern Hemisphere only much later, during the Pliocene.[1]
- Suborder Odontoceti toothed whales
- Infraorder Delphinida
- Superfamily Delphinoidea
- Family Phocoenidae – porpoises
- Genus †Haborophocoena[2]
- H. toyoshimai
- Genus Neophocaena
- N. phocaeniodes – Finless porpoise
- Genus †Numataphocoena[3]
- N. yamashitai
- Genus Phocoena
- P. phocoena – harbour porpoise
- P. sinus – vaquita
- P. dioptrica – spectacled porpoise
- P. spinipinnis – Burmeister's porpoise
- Genus Phocoenoides
- P. dalli – Dall's porpoise
- Genus †Septemriocetus[4]
- S. bosselaersii
- Genus †Piscolithax
- P. aenigmaticus
- P. longirostris
- P. boreios
- P. tedfordi
- Genus †Haborophocoena[2]
- Family Phocoenidae – porpoises
- Superfamily Delphinoidea
- Infraorder Delphinida
- Suborder Odontoceti toothed whales
Recently discovered hybrids between male harbour porpoises and female Dall's porpoises indicate the two species may actually be members of the same genus.
Porpoises have torpedo shaped bodies with non-flexible necks, limbs modified into flippers, non-existent external ear flaps, a tail fin, and bulbous heads. Their skulls have small eye orbits, small, blunt snouts, and eyes placed on the sides of the head. Porpoises range in size from the 1.4 metres (4.6 ft) and 54 kilograms (119 lb) Vaquita to the 2.3 metres (7.5 ft) and 220 kilograms (490 lb) Dall's porpoise. Overall, they tend to be dwarfed by other cetartiodactyls. All species have female-biased sexual dimorphism, with the females being larger than the males.[5][6]
Odontocetes possess teeth with cementum cells overlying dentine cells. Unlike human teeth, which are composed mostly of enamel on the portion of the tooth outside of the gum, whale teeth have cementum outside the gum. Porpoises, like other odontocetes, possess only one blowhole.[6]
Breathing involves expelling stale air from the blowhole, forming an upward, steamy spout, followed by inhaling fresh air into the lungs.[6][7]
All porpoises have a thick layer of blubber. This blubber can help with protection to some extent as predators would have a hard time getting through a thick layer of fat and energy for leaner times; the primary usage for blubber is insulation from the harsh underwater climate. Calves are born with only a thin layer of blubber, but some species compensate for this with thick lanugos.[6][8]
Porpoises have a two-chambered stomach that is similar in structure to terrestrial carnivores. They have fundic and pyloric chambers.[9]
Porpoises have two flippers on the front, and a tail fin. These flippers contain four digits. Although porpoises do not possess fully developed hind limbs, they possess discrete rudimentary appendages, which may contain feet and digits. Porpoises are fast swimmers in comparison to seals, which typically cruise at 5–15 kn, or 9–28 kilometres per hour (5.6–17.4 mph); Dall's porpoise, in comparison, can travel at speeds up to 74 kilometres per hour (46 mph). The fusing of the neck vertebrae, while increasing stability when swimming at high speeds, decreases flexibility, which means they can't turn their heads.[10] When swimming, porpoises rely on their tail fin propel them through the water. Flipper movement is continuous. Porpoises swim by moving their tail fin and lower body up and down, propelling themselves through vertical movement, while their flippers are mainly used for steering. Some species log out of the water, which may allow then to travel faster, and sometimes they porpoise out of the water. Their skeletal anatomy allows them to be fast swimmers. They have a very well defined and triangular dorsal fin.[6][8]
Porpoises are adapted for diving to great depths. In addition to their streamlined bodies, they can slow their heart rate to conserve oxygen; blood is rerouted from tissue tolerant of water pressure to the heart and brain among other organs; hemoglobin and myoglobin store oxygen in body tissue; and they have twice the concentration of myoglobin than hemoglobin.[11][12]
The porpoise ear has specific adaptations to the marine environment. In humans, the middle ear works as an impedance equalizer between the outside air's low impedance and the cochlear fluid's high impedance. In whales, and other marine mammals, there is no great difference between the outer and inner environments. Instead of sound passing through the outer ear to the middle ear, porpoises receive sound through the throat, from which it passes through a low-impedance fat-filled cavity to the inner ear.[13] The porpoise ear is acoustically isolated from the skull by air-filled sinus pockets, which allow for greater directional hearing underwater.[14] Odontocetes send out high frequency clicks from an organ known as a melon. This melon consists of fat, and the skull of any such creature containing a melon will have a large depression. The large bulge on top of the porpoises head is caused by the melon[6][15][16][17]
The porpoise eye is relatively small for its size, yet they do retain a good degree of eyesight. As well as this, the eyes of a porpoise are placed on the sides of its head, so their vision consists of two fields, rather than a binocular view like humans have. When porpoises surface, their lens and cornea correct the nearsightedness that results from the refraction of light; they contain both rod and cone cells, meaning they can see in both dim and bright light, but they have far more rod cells than they do cone cells. Porpoises do, however, lack short wavelength sensitive visual pigments in their cone cells indicating a more limited capacity for color vision than most mammals.[18] Most porpoises have slightly flattened eyeballs, enlarged pupils (which shrink as they surface to prevent damage), slightly flattened corneas and a tapetum lucidum; these adaptations allow for large amounts of light to pass through the eye and, therefore, a very clear image of the surrounding area.[15]
The olfactory lobes are absent in porpoises, suggesting that they have no sense of smell.[15]
Porpoises are not thought to have a good sense of taste, as their taste buds are atrophied or missing altogether. However, some have preferences between different kinds of fish, indicating some sort of attachment to taste.[15]
Porpoise vocalization is likely to serve several purposes. One reason is for the use of their sonar that may generate up to 20,000 watts of sound (+73 dBm or +43 dBw)[19] and be heard for many miles.
Captive cetaceans have occasionally been known to mimic human speech. Scientists have suggested this indicates a strong desire on behalf of the cetaceans to communicate with humans, as they have a very different vocal mechanism, so producing human speech likely takes considerable effort.[20]
Porpoises emit two distinct kinds of acoustic signals, which are called whistles and clicks:[21]
- Clicks are quick broadband burst pulses, used for sonar, although some lower-frequency broadband vocalizations may serve a non-echolocative purpose such as communication; for example, the pulsed calls of belugas. Pulses in a click train are emitted at intervals of ~35–50 milliseconds, and in general these inter-click intervals are slightly greater than the round-trip time of sound to the target.
- Whistles are narrow-band frequency modulated (FM) signals, used for communicative purposes, such as contact calls.
Porpoises are known to teach, learn, cooperate, scheme, and grieve.[22] The neocortex of many species is home to elongated spindle neurons that, prior to 2007, were known only in hominids.[23] In humans, these cells are involved in social conduct, emotions, judgment, and theory of mind.[24] Porpoise spindle neurons are found in areas of the brain that are homologous to where they are found in humans, suggesting that they perform a similar function.
Brain size was previously considered a major indicator of the intelligence of an animal. Since most of the brain is used for maintaining bodily functions, greater ratios of brain to body mass may increase the amount of brain mass available for more complex cognitive tasks. Allometric analysis indicates that mammalian brain size scales at approximately the ⅔ or ¾ exponent of the body mass.[25] Comparison of a particular animal's brain size with the expected brain size based on such allometric analysis provides an encephalization quotient that can be used as another indication of animal intelligence. The brain to body mass ratio in some odontocetes is second only to humans.[26]
Porpoises are known to engage in complex play behavior, which includes such things as producing stable underwater toroidal air-core vortex rings or "bubble rings". There are two main methods of bubble ring production: rapid puffing of a burst of air into the water and allowing it to rise to the surface, forming a ring, or swimming repeatedly in a circle and then stopping to inject air into the helical vortex currents thus formed. They also appear to enjoy biting the vortex-rings, so that they burst into many separate bubbles and then rise quickly to the surface. They are also known to produce bubble-nets for the purpose of foraging.[27] They sometimes also take part in an activity called porpoising, in which a porpoise travelling at high speeds make long jumps out of the water or skim the surface.[28]
Self-awareness is seen, by some, to be a sign of highly developed, abstract thinking. Self-awareness, though not well-defined scientifically, is believed to be the precursor to more advanced processes like meta-cognitive reasoning (thinking about thinking) that are typical of humans. Research in this field has suggested that cetaceans, among others, possess self-awareness.[29] The most widely used test for self-awareness in animals is the mirror test in which a temporary dye is placed on an animal's body, and the animal is then presented with a mirror; they then see if the animal shows signs of self-recognition.[30] Some disagree with these findings, arguing that the results of these tests are open to human interpretation and susceptible to the Clever Hans effect. This test is much less definitive than when used for primates, because primates can touch the mark or the mirror, while cetaceans cannot, making their alleged self-recognition behavior less certain. Skeptics argue that behaviors that are said to identify self-awareness resemble existing social behaviors, and so researchers could be misinterpreting self-awareness for social responses to another individual. The researchers counter-argue that the behaviors shown are evidence of self-awareness, as they are very different from normal responses to another individual. Whereas apes can merely touch the mark on themselves with their fingers, cetaceans show less definitive behavior of self-awareness; they can only twist and turn themselves to observe the mark. So far, the only cetacean to pass is the dolphin.[30]
Life cycle[edit]
Porpoises are fully aquatic creatures, which means that birth and courtship behaviors are very different from terrestrial and semi-aquatic creatures. Since they are unable to go onto land to calve, they deliver the baby with the fetus positioned for tail-first delivery. This prevents the baby from drowning either upon or during delivery. To feed the new-born, porpoises, being aquatic, must squirt the milk into the mouth of the calf. Being mammals, they, of course, have mammary glands used for nursing calves; they are weaned off at about 11 months of age. This milk contains high amounts of fat which is meant to hasten the development of blubber; it contains so much fat that it has the consistency of toothpaste.[31] Females deliver a single calf with gestation lasting about a year, dependency until one to two years, and maturity around seven to ten years, all varying between the species.[32] This mode of reproduction produces few offspring, but increases the survival probability of each one. Females, referred to as "cows", carry the responsibility of childcare as males, referred to as "bulls", play no part in raising calves.
Unlike most animals, porpoises are conscious breathers. All mammals sleep, but porpoises cannot afford to become unconscious for long because they may drown. While knowledge of sleep in wild cetaceans is limited, porpoises in captivity have been recorded to sleep with one side of their brain at a time, so that they may swim, breathe consciously, and avoid both predators and social contact during their period of rest.[33]
Interactions with humans[edit]
|This section requires expansion. (September 2015)
In captivity[edit]
Porpoises, as opposed to their dolphin counterparts, don't thrive in captivity, and it is very difficult to maintain a porpoise in captivity. Currently, there are five porpoises in captivity, two in Vancouver, and three in Hiroshima. Among their collection, the reopened Miyajima Aquarium in Hiroshima houses many sea creatures, among them are three finless porpoises.[34] In the Vancouver Aquarium, there are two harbor porpoises on display: Jack, who beached himself in 2011 onto Horseshoe Bay, Daisy, who beached herself into Horseshoe Bay in 2008.[35]
Drive hunting[edit]
Porpoises and other smaller cetaceans are hunted in an activity known as drive hunting. This is an accomplish by driving a pod together with boats and usually into a bay or onto a beach. Their escape is prevented by closing off the route to the ocean with other boats or nets. Porpoises are hunted this way in several places around the world, including the Solomon Islands, the Faroe Islands, Peru, and Japan, the most well-known practitioner of this method. By numbers, porpoises are mostly hunted for their meat, though some end up in dolphinariums. Despite the controversial nature of the hunt resulting in international criticism, and the possible health risk that the often polluted meat causes, thousands of porpoises are caught in drive hunts each year.
Porpoises are highly effected by bycatch. Many porpoises, mainly the vacquita, is subject to great morality due to gillnetting. The world's most endangered marine cetacean, the vaquita (Phocoena sinus), continues to be caught in small-mesh gillnet fisheries throughout much of its range. The total estimated incidental mortality caused by the fleet of El Golfo de Santa Clara was 39 vaquitas per year (95% CI = 14, 93), over 17% of the most recent estimate of population size. El Golfo de Santa Clara is one of three main ports that support gillnet fisheries throughout the range of the vaquita. Preliminary results indicate that fishing effort for San Felipe, Baja California, is comparable to that of El Golfo de Santa Clara, suggesting that this estimate of incidental mortality of vaquitas represents a minimum.[36]
Environmental hazards[edit]
The increasing pollution for the marine mammals is also a serious problem. Heavy metals, residues of many plant and insect venoms and plastic waste Flotsam are not biodegradable. Sometimes cetaceans consume these hazardous materials, mistaking them for food items. As a result, the animals are more susceptible to diseases and have fewer offspring.[37]
Similar effects can be, at least in a long-term sense, acidification of the oceans due to increased uptake of carbon dioxide, an effect that global warming counteracts because it heats up the atmosphere while decreasing the amount of carbon. CO2 reacts with water to form carbonic acid. The acidic water interferes with the construction of the calcium carbonate skeletons of various algae and micro-organisms. This in turn decreases the amount of plankton that baleen whales depend on as it represents the main source of food for many species.[37]
Above all, the military and the geology employ strong sonar and produce along with blasting operations and vessel traffic which increases noise in the oceans. Marine mammals that are characterized for their use of biosonar for orientation and communication are not only hindered, but regularly causes panic surfacing. This leads to bubble out of bound in blood gases, and the animal then died because the tubes are blocked, so-called decompression accidents (known in humans as a "serious diving accident").[38]
Naval exercises with sonar regularly result in stranded porpoises, who have gas bubbles in the blood vessels. The sound is very extensive and develops its disastrous effect in more than 100 kilometres (62 mi) radius. Depending on the frequencies used, different species are more or less affected than others. It is charged on the requirement that prior corresponding expanded operations of sonar technology first, possibly to be with sonar, ruled also that many marine mammals in the area are located.
See also[edit]
- ^ Gaskin, David E. (1984). Macdonald, D., ed. The Encyclopedia of Mammals. New York: Facts on File. pp. 196–199. ISBN 0-87196-871-1.
- ^ Ichishima, H.; Kimura, M. (2005). "Harborophocoena toyoshimai, a new early Pliocene porpoise (Cetacea, Phocoenidae) from Hokkaido, Japan". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25 (3): 655–664.
- ^ Ichishima, H.; Kimura, M. (2000). "A new fossil porpoise (Cetacea; Delphinoidea; Phocoenidae) from the Early Pliocene Horokaoshirarika Formation, Hokkaido, Japan". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20 (3): 561. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2000)020[0561:ANFPCD]2.0.CO;2. JSTOR 4524127.
- ^ Lambert, O. (2008). "A new porpoise (Cetacea, Odontoceti, Phocoenidae) from the Pliocene of the North Sea". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28 (3): 863. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[863:ANPCOP]2.0.CO;2.
- ^ Katherine Ralls; Sarah Mesnick. Sexual Dimorphism (PDF). pp. 1005–1011. Retrieved 29 August 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f "Cetacean Curriculum – A teacher's guide to introducing and using whales, dolphins, & porpoises in the classroom" (PDF). American Cetacean Society. 28 November 2004. Retrieved 20 December 2013.
Sound production in cetaceans is a complex phenomenon not fully understood by scientists.
- ^ Scholander, Per Fredrik (1940). "Experimental investigations on the respiratory function in diving mammals and birds". Hvalraadets Skrifter (Oslo: Norske Videnskaps-Akademi) 22.
- ^ a b Klinowska, Margaret; Cooke, Justin (1991). Dolphins, Porpoises, and Whales of the World: the IUCN Red Data Book (PDF). Retrieved 29 August 2015.
- ^ Stevens, C. Edward; Hume, Ian D. (1995). Comparative Physiology of the Vertebrate Digestive System. Cambridge University Press. p. 317.
- ^ "Beluga Whale: The White Melon-headed Creature Of The Cold". Yellowmagpie.com. 27 June 2012. Retrieved 12 August 2013.
- ^ Cozzi, Bruno Cozzi; Mazzario, Sandro; Podestà, Michela; Zotti, Alessandro (2009). "Diving Adaptations of the Cetacean Skeleton" (PDF). Open Zoology Journal.
- ^ Norena, S. R.; Williams, T. M. (2000). "Body size and skeletal muscle myoglobin of cetaceans: adaptations for maximizing dive duration". Science Direct 126 (2): 181–191.
- ^ "How is that whale listening?". EurekAlert. 4 February 2008. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
- ^ Nummela, Sirpa; Thewissen, J.G.M; Bajpai, Sunil; Hussain, Taseer; Kumar, Kishor (2007). "Sound transmission in archaic and modern whales: Anatomical adaptations for underwater hearing". The Anatomical Record 290 (6): 716–733. doi:10.1002/ar.20528. PMID 17516434.
- ^ a b c d Thomas, Jeanette A.; Kastelein, Ronald A., eds. (2002). Sensory Abilities of Cetaceans: Laboratory and Field Evidence 196. doi:10.1007/978-4899-0858-2. ISBN 978-1-4899-0860-5.
- ^ Thewissen, J. G. M. (2002). "Hearing". In Perrin, William R.; Wirsig, Bernd; Thewissen, J.G.M. Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. Academic Press. pp. 570–2. ISBN 0-12-551340-2.
- ^ Ketten, Darlene R. (1992). "The Marine Mammal Ear: Specializations for Aquatic Audition and Echolocation". In Webster, Douglas B.; Fay, Richard R.; Popper, Arthur N. The Evolutionary Biology of Hearing (PDF). Springer. pp. 725–727. Retrieved March 2013.
- ^ Mass, Alla M.; Supin, Alexander, Y. A. (21 May 2007). "Adaptive features of aquatic mammals' eyes". Anatomical Record 290 (6): 701–715. doi:10.1002/ar.20529.
- ^ "dBm dBW Watts Conversion Table - Radio-Electronics.Com". Retrieved 29 August 2015.
- ^ Collins, Nick (22 October 2012). "Whale learns to mimic human speech". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 22 October 2012.
- ^ Janet Mann; Richard C. Connor; Peter L. Tyack; et al., eds. (2000). Cetacean Societies: Field Studies of Dolphins and Whales. University of Chicago.
- ^ Siebert, Charles (8 July 2009). "Watching Whales Watching Us". New York Times Magazine. Retrieved 29 August 2015.
- ^ Watson, K.K.; Jones, T. K.; Allman, J. M. (2006). "Dendritic architecture of the Von Economo neurons". Neuroscience 141 (3): 1107–1112. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.04.084. PMID 16797136.
- ^ Allman, John M.; Watson, Karli K.; Tetreault, Nicole A.; Hakeem, Atiya Y. (2005). "Intuition and autism: a possible role for Von Economo neurons". Trends Cogn Sci 9 (8): 367–373. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2005.06.008. PMID 16002323.
- ^ Moore, Jim. "Allometry". University of California San Diego. Retrieved 9 August 2015.
- ^ Fields, R. Douglas. "Are whales smarter than we are?". Scientific American. Retrieved 9 August 2015.
- ^ Wiley, David; et al. (2011). "Underwater components of humpback whale bubble-net feeding behaviour". Behaviour 148 (5): 575–602. doi:10.1163/000579511X570893.
- ^ Au, D.; Weihs, D. (1980), "At high speeds dolphins save energy by leaping.", Nature 284: 548–550, doi:10.1038/284548a0
- ^ "Elephant Self-Awareness Mirrors Humans". Live Science. 30 October 2006. Retrieved 29 August 2015.
- ^ a b Derr, Mark. "Mirror test". New York Times. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
- ^ "Milk". Modern Marvels. Season 14. 2008-01-07. The History Channel.
- ^ Johnson, James H. Johnson; Wolman, Allen A. "The Humpback Whale, Megaptera novaeangliae" (PDF). NOAA. Retrieved 29 August 2015.
- ^ Sekiguchi, Yuske; Arai, Kazutoshi; Kohshima, Shiro (21 June 2006). "Sleep behaviour". Nature 441. doi:10.1038/nature04898.
- ^ Wade Bunnel. "Hiroshima revamps its aquarium". Newsgroup: Times Japan Times Check
|url=scheme (help).
- ^ Vancouver Aquarium. "Spotlight on Porpoises". Vancouver Aquarium.
- ^ D'agrosa, C.; Lennert-Cody, C. E.; Vidal, O. (2000). "Vaquita Bycatch in Mexico's Artisanal Gillnet Fisheries: Driving a Small Population to Extinction". Conservation Biology 14 (4). doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.98191.x.
- ^ a b Cara E. Miller (2007). Current State of Knowledge of Cetacean Threats, Diversity, and Habitats in the Pacific Islands Region (PDF). Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society. ISBN 978-0-646-47224-9. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
- ^ M. Andre; T. Johansson; E. Delory; M. van der Schaar (2005). "Cetacean biosonar and noise pollution" 2. Oceans 2005–Europe. doi:10.1109/OCEANSE.2005.1513199. Retrieved 4 September 2015.
External links[edit]
Media related to Phocoenidae at Wikimedia Commons


text:
CollegeHumor Teams With FilmBuff To Release 'Coffee Town' First Feature Film from Comedy Website Set for July 9 Release Across All Digital Platforms and in Select Theatrical Engagements See the World Premiere of the Trailer Exclusively on iTunes Movie Trailers PR Newswire NEW YORK, June 4, 2013 NEW YORK, June 4, 2013 /PRNewswire/ --Leading comedy brand CollegeHumor is pleased to announce a partnership with digital entertainment curator FilmBuff for the release of new comedy, Coffee Town. FilmBuff will release Coffee Town, the debut feature film from CollegeHumor, on July 9 across all digital platforms. CollegeHumor will also screen the film in select theatrical engagements leading up to the official Festival premiere at Just for Laughs in Montreal. Produced by CollegeHumor, Coffee Town is the first workplace comedy for the generation thatincreasinglydoesn't work out of a traditional office. When a 30-something website manager whouses a localcafe as his office learns of plans to convert the space into a bar, he enlists the help of his two best friends to help save his freeloading existence. Directed by Brad Copeland (Arrested Development), the film's all-star comedy cast includes Glenn Howerton (It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia), Steve Little (Eastbound & Down), Ben Schwartz (Parks and Recreation), Adrianne Palicki (G.I. Joe: Retaliation) and Josh Groban (Crazy, Stupid, Love.). FilmBuff will release the film in North America on all leading On Demand platforms including iTunes, Amazon Instant Video, Comcast, DirecTV, Time Warner Cable and XBOX. CollegeHumor will also host limited theatrical screenings of Coffee Town throughout the United States and Canada during the summer leading up to a Festival premiere event at Just for Laughs in Montreal on July 27. "From interacting directly with our audience every day via the website, we're seeing firsthand the shift in how people are consuming content,"said Ricky Van Veen, co-founder of CollegeHumor and a producer onCoffee Town. "We were fortunate to find FilmBuff, a distributor whose model is built around those new trends." "We are thrilled to be able to partner with CollegeHumor on the release of their first feature film," said FilmBuff's Head of Content Partnerships Steven Beckman. "The entire creative team behind the movie is extremely talented and have made such a hilarious film that audiences will be cracking up and quoting it for years to come." For more information and updates on Coffee Town, visit the official website at www.coffeetown.com and follow the film on Tumblr and Twitter @coffeetown. About CollegeHumor Media CollegeHumor Media, an operating business of IAC (NASDAQ: IACI), is a multi-media, multi platform studio comprised of three website properties—CollegeHumor, Dorkly and SportsPickle—a long-form TV development division and a film production division. A leading entertainment company targeting people ages 18-49, CollegeHumor Media has created original content that has been viewed more than three billion times. Founded in 1999 with the launch of CollegeHumor.com, the brand delivers daily comedic content online through videos, pictures, articles and jokes, both created and curated by the CollegeHumor staff. CollegeHumor Media attracts more than 15 million unique users per month and generates more than 100 million video views per month, and the brand has expanded into apparel and other forms of entertainment including film, television, books and live comedy shows. For more information, visit www.chmedia.com or www.collegehumor.com, and follow CollegeHumor on Twitter @CollegeHumor. About FilmBuff Founded in 2007, New York-based FilmBuff is the leading distributor of incomparable digital entertainment. The company draws upon its deep relationships within the film industry to curate content that consistently informs, entertains and inspires. FilmBuff designs innovative digital strategies to supply content to all on-demand outlets. Serving as a bridge between filmmakers and audiences, FilmBuff actively engages in conversations with fellow entertainment lovers through its exclusive access, original content and unique voice. Find FilmBuff content on all cable, satellite and telco services, game consoles, online retailers, wireless platforms and hardware manufacturers worldwide. Connect with FilmBuff by visiting www.filmbuff.com and via Twitter @filmbuff. SOURCE CollegeHumor Media Website: http://www.collegehumor.com Contact: Jaime Ellyn Marsanico, CollegeHumor, email@example.com, 212.524.8781; Ben Dorf, FilmBuff, firstname.lastname@example.com, 212.463.6403
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text: Lucky Wishbone Necklace by Mirabelle £45$97.51€66.59$74.03 In stock £6.95$15.06€10.28$11.43 delivery to United States Receive this item 5-10 working days from dispatch International delivery available semi precious stone choicesemi precious stone choice (required)PyriteAmazonitesemi precious stone choice (required)PyriteAmazonitesemi precious stone choice (required)PyriteAmazonitesemi precious stone choice (required)PyriteAmazonite quantity by Mirabelle Location: London, GB read seller's profile see seller's complete range more items from this seller Lolita Gold Earrings As Seen On Kate Middl... £30$65.01€44.39$49.35 Guardian Angel Gold Plated Pendant £50$108.35€73.99$82.26 Gold Filigree Hamsa Hand Amethyst Necklace £45$97.51€66.59$74.03 Lavender Amethyst Slice Pendant £39$84.51€57.71$64.16 Ethnic Long Dot Pendant £20$43.34€29.59$32.90 Vega Dove Pendant With Amazonite £25$54.17€36.99$41.13 view all you may also like PRODUCT DETAILS DELIVERY RETURNS Made in Britain eco-friendly ask seller a question save for later Detailed brass wishbone with an amazonite semi-precious stone,on a gold plated chain 24 carat Gold, long 45cm. Different legends tell of the name origin of Amazonite. It has been called the stone of courage and it is thought to be named after the Amazon women warriors of the Bronze Age. Pyrite is also known as 'fools gold' because it has a history of being mistaken for gold. It is thought to be a highly protective stone blocking and shielding you from negative energy, for this reason it has long been used as a talisman. made from: Brass, gold Plated 24 carat on Brass. Hand Made in Britain. dimensions: The wishbone is 1.5cm. product code: 189141 This product is dispatched to you by Mirabelle. MAINLAND UK order now and receive this item by price Free Delivery Monday 19 October FREEFREEFREEFREE NON-MAINLAND UK estimated delivery price Highlands & Islands of Scotland 2-5 working daysfrom dispatch FREEFREEFREEFREE Northern Ireland 2-5 working daysfrom dispatch FREEFREEFREEFREE Other UK Islands 2-5 working daysfrom dispatch FREEFREEFREEFREE INTERNATIONAL DELIVERY estimated delivery price Western Europe 2-5 working daysfrom dispatch £5.00$10.83€7.39$8.22 Rest of Europe 5-10 working daysfrom dispatch £5.00$10.83€7.39$8.22 USA & Canada 5-10 working daysfrom dispatch £6.95$15.06€10.28$11.43 Asia & Australasia 5-10 working daysfrom dispatch £7.25$15.71€10.72$11.92 Rest of the world 5-14 working daysfrom dispatch £7.25$15.71€10.72$11.92 You have 28 days, from receipt of cancellable goods, to notify the seller if you wish to cancel your order or exchange an item. Please note: goods that are personalised, bespoke or made-to-order to your specific requirements, perishable products and personal items sold with a hygiene seal (cosmetics, underwear) in instances where the seal is broken are non-refundable, unless faulty. Read more about our returns policy.Should you choose to return or exchange your order you will need to deliver the item(s) to the UK, where this seller is based. Mirabelle's return policy


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Rihanna Would NOT Accept an Invitation to Taylor Swift's Stage
The 'American Oxygen' singer said a collision of their brands and audiences wouldn't make sense.
The 'American Oxygen' singer said a collision of their brands and audiences wouldn't make sense.
It looks like Rihanna may have found love with Travi$ Scott. The Bajan beauty and Houston rhymer was recently spotted canoodling at a club last Friday (Sept. 11).
Love must be in the air. Looks like Rihanna is no longer kicking it with Formula One race car driver Lewis Hamilton and has her sights set on rapper Travi$ Scott.
Take look back at Rihanna's best looks and put together a series of her most memorable ensembles.
RiRi's 'R8' has yet to materialize, but now your calves will be warm and stylish while you wait for her album.
Rihanna hasn't released a new studio album in almost four years, but she stills sells more records than pretty much everyone else.
Rihanna is living up to her fashion killa status once again with her new haute Christian Dior "Secret Gardens" ad.
It's that time of year again when the world's most popular artists gather at New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art to showcase their lavish gowns and tuxedos for the 2015 Met Gala.
It's barely bikini season in most regions across the nation, but when you are an international superstar like Rihanna you can go wherever the heat is. Now you're lucky enough to see the benefits of her trip to Hawaii.
Jay Z's new music streaming site, TIDAL, is getting a huge boost from some big-name celebrities.
Rihanna has the Twitterverse buzzing over what looks to be a new single (or possibly an album) dropping on Thursday (March 26).
Chris Brown's probation is officially over, as the 2009 case in which he was charged with felony assault for beating his ex-girlfriend, Rihanna, has been closed.


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New Yaohan Food Arcade 新八佰伴美食廣場March 17, 2013Food Court • Se, Macao
Lunch w my fave thai seafood & veggies..
Lunch w my fave thai seafood & veggies..
See the Macau coast while dining out through revolving resto/ buffet experience. And it is nice to see the all lights Macau at night atop of the tower. Be sure to visit the skywalk before 9pm.
jst order a sizzling beef w stuffy brocolli & corn + lai cha...


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Every kitchen needs the basics – this set has them all. The OXO Can Opener is made of durable stainless steel, and the large, soft turning knob is easy to manage. The Pizza Wheel easily slices pizza while a thumb guard keeps fingers away from the blade. The Nylon Spoon and Nylon Flex Turner are constructed of heat-resistant nylon that does the job safely on any cookware surface. The slim, nonslip handles are comfortable and perfect for flipping, stirring, mixing or even tasting. The Clip Set will help you keep it together. The All-Purpose Clips are ideal for sealing bags, organizing papers, posting photos and more. The Bag Cinch will replace awkward, easy-to-lose bread tags and twist ties. The All-Purpose Clips have rear magnets to post artwork, notes and photos on any magnetic surface. All Clips and Cinches feature sturdy plastic construction and soft, comfortable, non-slip touch points. To top things off, we have the Ice Cream Scoop with a non-stick coating and non-slip handle to cushion your hand as you scoop.
Number of Pieces: 12
Material: Metal, Stainless Steel, Plastic
Care and Cleaning: Dishwasher-safe top Rack only
other Info.
Warranty Information
To obtain a copy of the manufacturer's warranty for this item, please call Target Guest Services at 1-800-591-3869.
- Online Item #: 14662205
- Store Item Number (DPCI): 070-05-2178
- Imported


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Gorgeous DD+ Ivory lace trim satin thong
Item No.1500105334
Item No.1500105334
70% Off - Save a total of £4.55
This ivory satin lace trim thong from Gorgeous features a black lace trim, a black striped bow centre and mesh back panels. This sophisticated thong virtually eliminates VPLs with the subtle style.
UK Home Delivery Free (UK orders over £30) or £3.49
Delivered within 5 working days
Next or Named Day Delivery
7 days a week between 8am - 6pm
Sunday to Friday - order by 9pm - £3.99
Saturday - order by 6pm - £3.99
Next or Named Evening Delivery
7 days a week between 6pm - 10pm
Monday to Sunday - order by Midnight - £6.99
Collect from store the next day - FREE
Order before 9pm for next day collection after 12pm midday
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Subject to exceptions, Debenhams is happy to exchange or refund your purchase within 28 days of delivery. Please check here for more details on our returns policy and exceptions.
For reasons of health and hygiene we are unable to exchange or refund this item.
This includes:


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Owner(s): Jim Staruk
Owner's hometown: Worcester, MA
Special features:
Until 1980, emergency ambulances were commonly built on customized luxury cars. As a member of the Professional Car Society, we preserve and restore these emergency vehicles to maintain their role in the history of EMS
How I fell in love with my ride:
I was an EMT in the 1970's and recall riding in these vehicles. It was like riding on air, nothing like today's box truck ambulances.


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Visit our other Wisconsin Historical Society websites!
Refine or narrow your results by clicking any term in the gray boxes below.
Expand your results by removing any breadcrumb in a gray outlined box above. Click on the blue "X" to remove the term.
Narrow your results by entering a keyword into the search box above. Then click the "Search Within" checkbox, then click on the orange "Search" button.
If you did not find what you are looking for or you did not get any results, try changing your search term(s). See our Search Help page for more tips.
Description: Depiction of orbit of Telstar satellite when within range of Andover and English ground stations.
Date: 1861
Description: View of the gun boat USS "Seneca".
Date: 1888-12-15 before
Description: Menu page and back cover for a "Dinner tendered Geo. P. Merrill by Chas. H. Wheeler," with a handwritten menu with wines and spirits in red, and colored pe...
Date: 1890 ca.
Description: A drawing of the DuCharme/Grignon house and fur-trading post as it appeared shortly before being razed in about 1892.
Date: 1905
Description: A very simple line drawing of the appearance of Butte des Morts from the east.
Date: 1941 ca.
Description: East entrance of Bascom Hall (formerly Main Hall) on the University of Wisconsin-Madison campus. The Lincoln Monument is on Bascom Hill in front of the ent...
Date: 1849-05-02
Description: The ferry landing in Weston, Missouri; Sketched by Wilkins on his 151-day journey from Missouri to California on the Overland Trail (also known as the Oreg...
Date: 1869 ca.
Description: View of the Berlin high school with children playing and people walking in the foreground.
Date: 1930 ca.
Description: Hand-colored drawing, labeled 4., of a design for a ring featuring a large green cabochon. The stone is surrounded by a ring of white stones, with an outer...
Date: 1873
Description: The home of Mrs. Doc P. Maxwell, settled in 1857.
Date: date unknown
Description: Labeled drawing of Sackets Harbor, NY. War of 1812.
Date: 1961 ca.
Description: Costume sketch by Edith Head for Stella Stevens' character Jess Polanski in the film "Too Late Blues." The dress is black velvet with white fox cuffs.
Description: Illustration of an Indian baby on a cradleboard propped up between two Indian women.
Description: A black ink drawing of Vietnam veterans standing together. The man in front is holding a sign that reads, "Vietnam, Forgive Us. Vietnam Veterans Against Th...
Date: 1863 ca.
Description: A sketch of pulleys on crankshafts.
Date: 1936
Description: Sticker for the Republican presidential and vice-presidential candidates: Alf Landon and Frank Knox. The sunflower, the Kansas state flower, is part of it...
Date: 1937 ca.
Description: Architectural sketches and floor plans for the Herbert A. Jacobs residence, known as Jacobs I, at 441 Toepfer Avenue. This was the first of 25 Usonian hou...
Description: The home of Levi Jackson, who settled in 1842.
Date: 1885 ca.
Description: Illustrated view of Superior.
Description: Rough sketch of a "Rebel Gunboat" and trees in the background.
If you didn't find the material you searched for, our Library Reference Staff can help.
Call our reference desk at 608-264-6535 or email us at:
© 1996-2015 Wisconsin Historical Society, 816 State Street, Madison, WI 53706


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Edit hours
I love the 7-Eleven and if you need any help at all as for Joice--- she is the most fabulous.
Gets better every time! :)
Get your non-ethanol gas here!
Perfect place to grab coffee in the morning. It's cheap and tastes great!
Try their Pumpkin Spice Cappuccino.


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This hotel has some fantastic positive characteristics. The train stop from the airport puts you right in front of the hotel (10 steps, no more). This is a fast, convenient, and very inexpensive at $16.50 for a roundtrip to and from the airport. I was in town for a conference, and the Moscone centre is about an 8 minute walk away.
Check-in is quite efficient, and the staff member I dealt with (for both check-in and check-out) was very thorough.
The room itself had high ceilings, and the furnishings were quite nice. My room had a wet carpet, which to me meant they had just washed it. It wasn't a problem. The bed was fine, and I would say it was comparable to the Westin bed. The linens were a step above Westin.
The biggest negative was the bathroom. I don't recall the last time I have seen a Starwood hotel that had rusty fixtures and mold in the bathtub. There was a fair bit of mold throughout the bathroom, and was a real turn-off. I didn't see the mold until late at night, and I was frankly too tired to kick up a fuss, so I lived with it for the three nights and mornings I had to bathe there.
With my status, internet is included, and it worked well for me during the entire stay. The fitness area was good. I only made it here twice, and although the controls on a couple of the machines didn't work, it wasn't very crowded, and there was a decent selection of free weights, resistance machines, and cardio machines. The fitness room looks over the pool, and that appeared to be a good size for a work-out.
The breakfast was included in my rate. I think if you had to pay for this, it would be very expensive, given the number of choices within a short walking distance of this hotel. However, you don't really pay for the food. The food was good, no doubt, but the room where they serve the breakfast is very grand and beautiful. It's a great way to start the day, particularly if you can schedule business meetings there. It really gives a great impression to your business partners. The breakfast rate made up for the fact there is no coffee in the room.
My ratings would have been higher, if not for the cleanliness issue, so if you come here and have a spotless room, I would suspect you would think this is a solid 4 star hotel.


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Were you or your best friend born in Lincoln ? Then the - Made in Lincoln T-Shirt - is the perfect birthday present for you! The hit at any birthday celebration! Lincoln , your most favorite city!
This great custom product in black from our department Accessories and Apron category can be printed just for you in the size and style you like. The design Made in Lincoln was created by Mi-Enno and uploaded to Spreadshirt for you to have printed on a Apron. Next to a host of other great customized designs, you can find this Made in Lincoln design in Spreadshirt's Cities category. If you are interested in topics like Birthday or City, then you'll love Made in Lincoln designs by Mi-Enno. Spreadshirt also offers a huge selection of custom t-shirts, hoodies and accessories for the category Cities as well as top Lincoln clothing. Mi-Enno's designs have already impressed many of our customers, so we are sure that we've got right stuff for you! Spreadshirt is your destination for great designs of all kinds – whether it's Birthday, City or Lincoln. We are sure that you will find something nice in our shop, there are many amazing custom Cities t-shirts, hoodies, or accessories for you to find! Tags: Design ID: 11434407
Bernie Sanders Silhouette Women's T-Shirts Designed by 5507177
Black Made in North Carolina Kids' Shirts Designed by Citruskids
Tammy Comedy Movie Mahalo Bear Shirt Designed by Mackentee
Key Heart Designed by Kinnydesigns
Nah Rosa Parks Quote T-Shirts Designed by The Shirt Yurt
Beast Jacket Shirt Designed by Winterwolfjon
6 God Hands Shirt Hoodies Designed by milosdesign
Skeleton X-ray Maternity Shirt Designed by gladditudes
For the chef in the family, this full-body apron is perfect for keeping your clothing clean. Complete with pockets for all of your kitchen utensils and condiments, this one is a must have for the kitchen, the grill or the open fire.
still to fill


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Stange's surprise picks for Lions squad
Ahead of the Lions FIFA World Cup 2018 qualifiers in the upcoming week head coach Bernd Stange has opted for young talents.
Ahead of the Lions FIFA World Cup 2018 qualifiers in the upcoming week head coach Bernd Stange has opted for young talents.
The France international is unhappy at continually getting substituted but the Real Madrid boss has praised his striker
The FA have chosen to punish the Chelsea boss for claiming referees are afraid to award penalties to the Blues in the wake of their defeat to Southampton
The former Liverpool manager released his thoughts in heartfelt letter, thanking the board and the fans for their confidence throughout his reign
Arsenal's fast start stunned Manchester United, while Real Madrid were held by Atletico Madrid - follow the action & reaction LIVE
Liverpool and Everton battled to a 1-1 draw as Danny Ings' first-half opener was cancelled out before the break by Romelu Lukaku
karim Benzema's first-half goal looked to have secure three points for Diego Simeone's side but Luciano Vietto's late equaliser sealed a point
Both the Colombian and the Bianconeri are keen to make the 27-year-old's loan deal permanent at the end of the 2015-16 campaign, though the Blues may hold out for €25m
Pep Guardiola's side are already eight points clear at the top of the table after cruising past Borussia Dortmund on Sunday and already look destined to be crowned champions again
Omar Momani gives us his unique take on football's biggest stories
Zulham Zamrun caused problems for his opponents in the President's Cup and eventually scored the winning goal, allowing Persib Bandung to progress to the semifinals.


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Project Ideas for All Occasions From Paper to Fabric
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Active Celluclay Instant Papier Mache Demonstration
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If you've ever wanted to make papier mache crafts but didn't know where to start, this Active Celluclay Instant Papier Mache demonstration is sure to help you out. This product is versatile and easy-to-use, making it ideal for all kinds of crafters.
This product can be manipulated like clay when it is wet - use it to create a variety of shapes and bring characters to life. You can also carve textures into the surface. Once the papier mache is dry, you can can sand it like wood or paint it. This demonstration was presented at the 2010 Craft and Hobby Association Winter Show.
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nashmaggie 8660486
Jan 31, 2013
Absolutely great!!!!! Will look out for this in the shops
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United boss David Moyes hope the Dutchman will be ready for the Carling Cup clash with rivals Liverpool on Wednesday.
"He had a groin strain in the week, we thought he might be OK but not quite," Moyes told Sky Sports.
"Up until this morning, we thought he had a good chance. Maybe he'll be OK for Wednesday."
More about...
What is your opinion? Feel free to discuss the article under. You have to comment by using your Facebook profile. Be fair and have respect for other people and opinions!
Who of Europe's top strikers will move to England this summer?
After a dreadful start to their Bundesliga campaign, Borussia Dortmund appear to have weathered the storm after going five matches without defeat.


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A good diet was hard enough to achieve before I had a baby, what with working long hours, drunken 2am cheese and peanut butter toastfests (try it, it's amazing), and hungover scoffing. But as soon as I fell pregnant, the assault on my good intentions and dubious resolve began.
I find that whatever I eat first thing in the morning is a reflection of what I crave throughout the rest of the day - so starting with something fresh and full of protein is going to make staying away from processed foods so much less tempting.
It's no secret I work out five to six days a week to strength train. I have tried supplements on and off over the years. I have also had an eating disorder a decade ago. One thing I am sure on is that supplements are not a substitute for good old fashioned food.
Besides the delicious flesh, watermelon rinds are also edible and are used for making pickles. Watermelon seeds, which are high in protein are eaten in China and have a nutty flavor and can be dried and roasted, or ground into flour.
Now I am all for changing up the imagery we see in the sport and fitness world and having positive role models when it comes to physical activity at every size for a change, but the fact she is a professional model somehow deters from the power of this statement.
The British Dietetic Association (BDA) recommends eating two portions of fish a week, of which, one should be oily fish, such as salmon or mackerel. However, since there is no specific recommendation of a dose for Omega-3 for the general population, it is extremely difficult to understand if you are consuming enough of the right Omegas.
All the flavours of traditional sushi but in a salad with beautifully contrasting colours.
Sometimes to understand where someone is going you have to first understand where they have been. I am about to start blogging frequently about my fitness pursuits so I wanted you to know the struggles and victories I have faced previously.
So what defines a bad food? When it's loaded with sugar, fat, salt, artificial ingredients, processed with chemicals and/or contains zero nutrition we can safely agree that it's unhealthy.
As a public health professional I need to help change people's attitudes to sugar. Because if as a country we don't address our love of sweet food and drink, obesity levels will keep rising and the human and financial cost of ill health will also keep rising.
It's about incorporating fresh, natural food into your diet. It's not a diet in the true sense of the word, rather a lifestyle choice that will ensure you are eating wholesome and nourishing meals. These meals will be delicious and packed full of flavour and will not leave you feeling hungry or deprived.
The UK is shockingly behind other developed countries in terms of children's health outcomes, with five more children dying per day than in Sweden. So many health issues facing our children are preventable - yet the Government has just cut £200 million from public health spending and with it many of the resources we need to educate children about their health.
It's not the world's best kept secret and I'm sure by now that we all know caffeine keeps those cravings at bay (good girl), but I read something recently that made me think it could all be a lie. And that's a pretty strong statement.
Rather than worrying about acid and alkaline foods as their own "food groups", if you simply eat a decent amount of fruits and vegetables (five a day springs to mind), you have nothing to worry about. Quite frankly, anyone who says you can change the pH of your blood needs to be immediately directed to a high school chemistry classroom.
In the interests of anyone thinking about becoming vegetarian, or any vegetarian tired of fielding questions, let's bust 10 of the most common myths about vegetarian living - from protein sources to health to the ultimate myth - "vegetarians eat chicken, right?"!
When it comes to losing weight, there is no right perfect solution that is right for everyone. We are all different, we all have different tastes, dif...


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Winter Haunts shows The Rational Academy as a band of relevance – they have never been more alive in any of their previous incarnations.
Brendan Telford
Thompson's vocals remain as hushed and reverent as ever, yet rather than the music crowding around and buoying it, it is oft drowned like a tidal wave of static destruction, an aural razing of the landscape. Such approaches like the Boris-like doom metal intro to Vast Uncertain doesn't drown out the nuances of the songwriting though – rather it helps to embody the desperation that these songs hold at their core. And although End Of The Year may feel like a heavier squalling interpretation of the past, Yellow Pony encapsulates everything in a three-and-a-half minute soundbite. It shows the band breaking free of the carapace of the past and becoming something altogether different – harsher, yes, but therein lies the damaged beauty.
The album finishes with the acoustic wistfulness of I Catch The Warmth, which tears the curtain down on another chapter in a wall of feedback, walking into the blinding light to disappear. Winter Haunts shows The Rational Academy as a band of relevance – they have never been more alive in any of their previous incarnations.
This week's new sets include tunes from Wavves (our Album Of The Week), Mercury Rev and Trivium, plus releases from locals Cold Chisel and Philadelphia Grand Jury.


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TRESemme Fresh Start Dry Shampoo for Oily/Straight to Normal Hair
528 reviews
25% would repurchase
Package Quality: 3.4
Price: $$
Package Quality: 3.4
Price: $$
INGREDIENTSHydrofluorocarbon 152a, Alcohol Denatured, Zea Mays Starch (Corn), Magnesium Stearate, Aluminum Starch Octenylsuccinate, Benzyl Alcohol, PPG 3 Benzyl Ether Myristate, Fragrance (Parfum), Silica Dimethyl Silylate, PVP, Kaolin, Linalool, Limonene, Butylphenyl Methypropional, Amyl Cinnamal, Hexylcinnamal, Citronellol, Geraniol, Glycerin, Citrus Grandis Fruit Extract (Grapefruit), Citrus Tangerina Peel Extract (Tangerine)
on 11/24/2013 8:16:00 AM
Age: 36-43
Skin: Dry, Fair-Medium, Not Sure
Hair: Red, Other, Other
Eyes: Blue
I've used a lot of dry shampoos, and a lot of Tresemme products and this one is the worst of them all. By a lot.
First and foremost, the product simply doesn't absorb oils the way it's supposed to. My hair looks at least as oily as it did before using this. It is also impossible to brush out -- so your hair gets heavier and limp, and your brush gets caked in powder residue. (Seriously. You cannot reuse your brush after using this. You HAVE to wash it thoroughly to get all the gunk out. It's disgusting.)
It's cheap, I'll give it that much. But in this case you get what you pay for.
on 11/23/2013 8:15:00 PM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Very Oily, Fair, Not Sure
Hair: Blond, Other, Other
Eyes: Grey
Worst dry shampoo out there.
on 11/20/2013 7:04:00 PM
Age: 30-35
Skin: Acne-prone, Fair-Medium, Not Sure
Hair: Brunette, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
I am glad I tried this despite all the bad reviews. I love it! I think it smells good and does not leave a white residue on my hair and my hair is dark brown. It makes my hair soft and it feels fresh after I use it. This is my first dry shampoo so maybe I'm missing out on trying different "prestige" brands, but if it ain't broke...
on 11/20/2013 2:27:00 PM
Age: 30-35
Skin: Combination, Fair-Medium, Not Sure
Hair: Brown, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
Look at the reviews; over 400 people cannot be wrong. In my opinion, this product sucks. It made my hair greasier and flatter than when I started. It smells terrible and makes you feel like you have gunk in your hair. How is this even on the market? I would not even accept another bottle of this if someone gave it to me for free.
TRESemme needs to reformulate this and give it a new name. Then I might give it another try.
on 11/19/2013 7:41:00 PM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Oily, Fair-Medium, Not Sure
Hair: Brunette, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
I have oily hair so I Tryed this dry shampoo, it smells great and fresh all day but I don't like how it leaves my hair white like built up why residue!! I have brown hair so maybe it works good in lighter hair I don't know but I did not like this product!
on 11/16/2013 7:03:00 PM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Sensitive, Fair-Medium, Not Sure
Hair: Black, Other, Other
Eyes: Black
The smell is too strength, it makes me hard to breath when I use this.. It also makes my hair scalp more oily and sticky. Its really hard to brush off the powder so it looks like I have a lot of dandruff
on 11/13/2013 11:48:00 PM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Normal, Medium, Not Sure
Hair: Brunette, Curly, Medium
Eyes: Blue
Was very disappointed... I felt like I had tons of products in my hair even if I applied a small amount. Did not made my hair less oily, I think it made everything worse. I just had to wash my hair anyways.... waste of money+time
on 11/13/2013 11:19:00 PM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Other, Medium, Not Sure
Hair: Brown, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
Waste of money!it just makes your hair more oily and your scalp more smelly.
on 11/7/2013 1:33:00 PM
Age: 36-43
Skin: Acne-prone, Fair, Cool
Hair: Brunette, Wavy, Other
Eyes: Green
What can I say that hasn't been written?!?
It sprays a wet, powder on my hair. Most of the powder remains, even with a thorough brushing. My hair ends up with a powdery finish that screams dry shampoo.
Also, I am left with the task of washing my hairbrush before heading out the door.
on 10/19/2013 2:48:00 PM
Age: 18 & Under
Skin: Combination, Fair, Not Sure
Hair: Blond, Other, Other
Eyes: Blue
I'm sitting here with this garbage in my hair, my hair was much better off without any product since I only needed a bit around my bangs. This product makes baby powder look high end, it made my hair cold and moist I actually looked back at the product to read if it was hair spray. It is the worst hair product I've EVER put into my hair it had separated my hair into chunks I can't even put it up in a bun without making it look decent. It said to massage the product into the scalp and it left my fingers white, skicky, and chalky. The smell is revolting. I'm loathing that my mother had bought 6 cans of it, I guess I can use it when I'm too lazy to shower... Gets you up right away into the shower.
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Part-time Ministry
Lead Pastor
|Posted On: 05/12/2015
Position: Lead Pastor (Full-Time)
Church: Langley Christian Church (Non-Denominational)
Address: 175 Fox Hill Rd, Hampton, VA 23669
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
POC: Chris Diersing, 757-508-7054
Langley Christian Church in Hampton, VA is seeking the Spirit-filled man God has prepared to shepherd our congregation as we continue to CONNECT people with Christ and each other, EQUIP them to make disciples to share the Gospel, and SERVE each other, the community and the world! Our vision calls for a strong leader to preach, teach, disciple, train and serve alongside our ministry leaders and members to reach the local community and beyond. Hampton is located in coastal southeastern Virginia at the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay between Williamsburg and Virginia Beach. The area includes the bay and several rivers with plenty of water sports and activities, rich historical attractions, entertainment venues, local and resort beaches, technology and research companies, and a strong military presence with several bases in the region. (Submit resumes to: firstname.lastname@example.com, along with salary requirements by June 15, 2015)
For more information, contact:
Connections Pastor
|Posted On: 06/30/2015
Fork Christian Church in Baltimore, Maryland is seeking a full time Connections Pastor that will help people discover and develop a connection with God and others, primarily through owning the vision and being a champion for our small group ministry. Please send your resume to firstname.lastname@example.com for our full job description.
For more information, contact:
Lead Minister
|Posted On: 09/10/2015
Lead Minister
Journey Christian Church
Elizabeth City, North Carolina
Independent Christian Church/Stone-Campbell
Church Size:
Ave 75
Job Type:
Full-Time or Part-time
Job Description:
Journey Christian Church in Elizabeth City, NC is searching for a new Lead Minister. Our current Lead Minister has been called to plant a new church in the Jacksonville, NC area (with our blessing and support), and we're looking for the right person to lead Journey Christian Church into the future.
We're looking for someone that can provide vision, direction, and strategic leadership for our future. This person will be a team-player, working collaboratively with our elders and staff to provide purpose, leadership and evangelize souls for Christ.
As our Lead Minister he will need to be focused on the ministry opportunities and possibilities in our community and region, and exercise discernment in knowing how to best make disciples for Christ.
As lead minister, he will have responsibility to preach/teach Biblical and relevant messages that will encourage, inspire, and motivate the church to action in carrying out the Great Commission. He will need to be able to communicate meaning and insight from Scripture in a way that connects with people in the congregation and community.
He will work with a ministry staff, which will include volunteers of all types as well as an associate minister who also serves as worship leader and youth program director. The lead minister will be expected to mentor, encourage, and set the example for them through hard work and cultivation of personal relationships.
Additional Info:
Journey Christian is a church of all ages with an average attendance of about 75 in a county of 40,000. The Journey congregation is elder-led, but works as a team with the leadership staff to help carry out the vision of the church.
Compensation and benefits will be based on experience and qualifications. You can find out more about Journey Christian at our website: www.journeyec.com .
To apply, please send a resume to firstname.lastname@example.com and let us know why you think Journey Christian Church might be a great fit for you.
Journey Christian Church
1923 North Road Street
Elizabeth City, NC 27909
For more information, contact:
Full - Time Minister
|Posted On: 09/29/2015
The Terra Ceia Church of Christ is an Independent, Non-denominational, Instrumental, Restoration Movement congregation with an average attendance of 60. Our congregation was established in 1923 and has a very strong presence internationally through our Faith Promise Missions Ministry.
Our church is located in a rural agricultural community. However, we are a short drive to many interesting places. We are 15 minutes from the beautiful Pamlico Sound, 20 minutes from Beaufort County Community College, 45 minutes from East Carolina University, and the Atlantic Ocean is only 1.5 hours away.
We are looking for a full time Minister to help us grow spiritually and numerically. Our Congregation is shepherded by 4 elders and served by 3 deacons. The ideal candidate should be gifted at preaching, teaching and growing in his personal walk as well as growing the church. He should desire to become a part of the community, building relationships and offering leadership.
Send information to search committee at email@example.com and please include the following: A cover letter, resume, statement of faith, sermon links if available, and any links to blogs or social media you wish to share.
For more information, contact:
Senior Minister
|Posted On: 09/29/2015
Cornerstone Church of Christ, Chambersburg PA is accepting resumes for the position of Senior Minister. The church is averaging around 65 in attendance and is a warm loving unified congregation. Position may be open as early as January 2016. The Congregation is 24 years old and has been in their own facility since 2000.
Resumes may be sent to Elder Jerry Timbrook. email@example.com. Phone 717-709-9595.
For more information, contact:


text: A week in a different world: we had a week traveling with 3 kids (10 and 8 yr+a baby of 3 months) and needed sun. This place was clean, nicely located and is having a friendly staff. Breakfast simple but great. Lunch and dinner French / Moroccan orientated. On demand huttle busses can be organized to Essaouira or environment (as well as taxi's to airport in Marrakesh). Room we had was large (Mogidor), with 2 bedrooms, living and bathroom. Older girls had a great beach horse ride (can also be organized via staff)! We had a wonderful week!


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High School is too old school
Amy Scott
Sep 18, 2015 Does the public institution need a $50 million reinvention?
'We Are the World' turns 30
Mitchell Hartman
Jan 28, 2015 Grammy winner helped pave way for all-star recordings, concerts that benefit charity.
Andre Agassi's pivot to education capitalist
Blake Farmer
Oct 30, 2014 Former tennis star Andre Agassi has spent the last few years building schools. Recently, he has stopped doing it out of pure generosity.
Who is Carl Icahn and what does he do?
Stan Alcorn
Oct 9, 2014 A former corporate raider looking to remold companies. His current target? Apple
eBay and PayPal split
Nancy Marshall-Genzer
Sep 30, 2014 What a difference eight months makes.
Donald Sterling donates a lot of Clippers tickets
Shea Huffman
Apr 30, 2014 The notoriously cheap owner of the Clippers is a big donor. Of Clippers tickets.
The Corcoran Gallery is philanthropy's latest failure
David Brancaccio
Interview by
Mar 14, 2014 Can we trust the rich to fund our nation's cultural assets?
College philanthropy hits new high
Amy Scott
Feb 12, 2014 Donations to higher ed reached $33.8 billion in 2013.
Who are the biggest givers? And where do they get the money?
Noel King
Feb 10, 2014 And what are they giving to?
Icahn wants eBay to set PayPal free
Mark Garrison
Jan 23, 2014 Carl Icahn wants eBay to spin off PayPal, separating the online auction site from the digital payment service. eBay's CEO wants to hang onto PayPal.


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SHCOK VIDEO Of DEADLY SELF-DEFENSE SHOOTING Released
VIA – A 28-year-old man will not be facing any charges after he defended himself with his legally concealed firearm during a confrontation at a Waffle House in Fort Myers back in January. Newly released video (above) shows us just what happened, and why the legal gun owner did what he did. The State Attorney's Office will not file any charges against the man who shot and killed Dakota Fields in January at t ...Read more ›


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As you can imagine, it'd be a bit of a problem if the brake lights on your car didn't work. And that, unfortunately, is precisely the problem that Hyundai has found with some of its higher-end offerings, prompting the Korean automaker to issue a recall. (One of a great many recalls issued by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration today, as you can no doubt see.)
Hyundai Equus News
3Hyundai recalls 43k Genesis and Equus models for faulty lighting
51Hyundai ranks highest in Total Value Awards with Equus leading all cars
112Kia dealers report K900 flagship RWD sedan is coming to US
2082014 Hyundai Equus
1072014 Hyundai Equus priced from $61,000*
32First 2014 Hyundai Equus shipment adrift in Pacific Ocean [UPDATE]
1212014 Hyundai Equus gallops into New York with first major refresh
24Hyundai refining dealer strategy for premium models
822014 Hyundai Equus facelift revealed ahead of NY debut
29Hyundai teases updated Equus before Big Apple debut
43Hyundai mulling four-door coupe model, V8 or V6 turbo for next Genesis Coupe
99Hyundai working on 3 Series-fighter for 2015
- Steven J. Ewing
- Aug 14, 2012
- 99
49Hyundai announces standard brake-override for all models
- Jeff Sabatini
- May 5, 2012
- 49
141Kia K9 launches in Korea, export model to get new name
- Jeff Sabatini
- May 2, 2012
- 141
1042012 Hyundai Equus


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Very quiet place and with good quality standards when comparing with the prices. The service was indeed good and I would recommend to a friend.Good option for the people visiting/ travelling to Geneva. See you next time !!
Thanks for your visit in our hotel and share your experience on trip advisor. We are pleased that you liked our hotel.
We hope see you again at La Terrasse Fleurie.
Best regards.
How this hotel scored any kind of rating in the Logis de France guide is a bit of a mystery. It's utterly beige. A 1970s French provincial nothing. Not unpleasant, just nothing. Faded, fading.
The decor in the room hadn't been touched since Valéry Giscard d'Estaing was in college.
It's cheaper than Switzerland and it was adequate, but you're not...
Thanks for your visit in our hotel and for sharing your experience on Trip Advisor. Your feedback helps us to always offer you our best services. The bedding in all the rooms is new, we perform renovations in all rooms but we are a family establishment and we conduct our renovations to the extent possible.
Best regards.
This is a friendly place. The reception is not manned during the day but a message greeted us so that we could collect a key and let ourselves into the room.
The room was plain but had tasteful hints of colourful decor. Very clean.
Price seems to be high for room-only rate (€75/double/night), and was populated by who appeared to...
Thank you for this advice following to your stay in our hotel.
We are a family style hotel, so the atmosphere here is friendly. We try to make things being comfotrable and nice to our guests.
Our rooms are simple but quiet, very clean and the decoration is in course of renovating in a colorful style.
regarding our rates, we...
This hotel is boring. Uninteresting. Plain. Dull. The usually charming Logis de France fell WAY short with this property. The rooms are decorated with....well, they just aren't decorated. And the servers at the restaurant were still cleaning and making too much noise at 11pm - no regard for room guests.
Oh, and the staff was boring, uninteresting (and uninterested), and...
this is a small hotel, rooms are small, but clean, there is no elevator which could be problem if you have big bags, overall we had pleasant stay. it was little harder to find the hotel since google maps placed it at wrong place.
Contrary to the majority of opinions on Le Terrasse Fleurie, my experience was not a positive one. Probably the room I got #5 had to do with it. Do you know this sort of rooms where a couple can not move at the same time? Or where the bed is the only place big enough to permit the opening of...
A very friendly staff in a typical 2 star hotel. Room (no. 6) was a bit small but o.k. for the two nights we stayed there. No parking problems in winter.
Breakfast a little poor. Price was o.k. in comparison with Swiss prices.
Divonne les Bains is a perfect location for a visit to Geneva.
Great service, it is nice to be greeted by the charming smile of Marion.
The location is perfect, right in the center of Divonne.
This is a great place to spend some time in the summer with a beautiful terrace, but I strongly suggest you try it of season.
The restaurant has excellent food. Don't forget to ask for the...
This hotel is part of the Logis chain of mid-range hotels. It is located close to Geneva. The staff was pleasant and spoke good English. The restaurant must be good because we did not make reservations and when we came down they were full. It was a short walk down to several restaurants closer to the main town. One negative...
We stayed for 3 nights while attending a family reunion on Lake Geneva. The rooms are spotless but # 12 and #15 are very small. We realize it is a 2Star hotel so we were not put off when the reception was somewhat akin to an episode of "Faulty Towers".


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Gripping Father's Day Ad Emotionally Thanks…Single Mothers?
We've seen plenty of spots (all touching and heartfelt) paying homage to dads leading up to Father's Day, so it's a little jarring to see one recognizing moms.
We've seen plenty of spots (all touching and heartfelt) paying homage to dads leading up to Father's Day, so it's a little jarring to see one recognizing moms.
Four Texas boys help save an elderly woman from arrest
Wichita Falls residents may now water lawns any day of the week, wash cars at home, with only minimal restrictions
If you're someone who always roots for your home team, you're going to have to support James Huling on this upcoming season of 'Big Brother'.
We recently told you about the awesome, amazing Texas emojis app in the works by Texas musician Rich O'Toole and social media site Sorry I'm Texan. Well, it's finally here.
Human nature decrees, when it gets in the way, cut it down. The city of Plano put that into action today, making 'tower tipping' the phrase of the day.
Everyone's walking around constantly taking pictures today, which leads to situations like this: Someone taking an incriminating photo of a person taking an incriminating photo.
Karen Fitzgibbons, who taught fourth grade at Bennett Elementary School in Wolfforth, Texas, has been terminated following her controversial Facebook posting.
The final FallsFest ends with a band started right here in Wichita Falls
Looks like this police force isn't busting drugs, they're busting the local lemonade stands.
Oklahoma authorities on the hunt for suspect in the rape, beating of an 83 year-old woman
Her BeyGOOD T-shirt sales go directly to aid for St. Damien Pediatric Hospital.


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The weather is changing by the day this time of year. When considering your fall wardrobe, there are some things you just must have. Here are the top women's autumn fashion must-haves. Leather Jacket Leather jackets are a must-have clothing item for those chilly, fall … [Read more...]
Pick Up The Hottest Trends In Eyewear: At Hakim Optical's Back To School Sale #B2SHakim
Fall 2015 is upon us, and that means that it is Back-To-School season! There is nothing more exciting than lacing up your brand new sneakers, putting on your hottest Back-To-School outfit, and heading off to school to strut your stuff and see all of your friends after summer … [Read more...]
Noah Cyrus, Stella Hudgens, and Alli Simpson's Mudd Fall 2015 Campaign
Noah Cyrus, Stella Hudgens and Alli Simpson; the younger siblings of musicians and actresses, Miley Cyrus, Vanessa Hudgens and Cody Simpson along with Vine and Instagram superstars: Jack Johnson, Jack Gilinsky ("Jack & Jack"), and Sammy Wilkinson are all teaming up for the … [Read more...]
Fashion Tips for Summer Clothes
Summer is absolutely horrible for the majority of us between the heat, the sun and the sweating, it is enough to drive anyone crazy. The last thing on our minds at this point is fashion but there are some great fashion tips for summer clothes. Skin-Tone Garments If you wear … [Read more...]
Designer Looks for Less – Summer Casual Styles
Designer looks are insanely trend, but equally pricey! You can easily score great fashion finds and look stylish while on a budget. Try these designer looks for less, and enjoy these summer casual styles without breaking your bank or draining your savings in the name of … [Read more...]
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The Classic Bic Pen Now Works On Your Smartphone Display Too
Writing implements aren't going to be supplanted by touchscreen devices anytime soon. But that isn't stopping Bic from hedging its bets and ensuring its classic see-through plastic pens remain relevant. The company's new Cristal Stylus features a rubber tip on the bottom letting you jot notes on a touchscreen device,… »


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Sports Animal radio network afternoon personality Jim Traber said he has agreed to a new three-year contract as the network continues to lock up its talent in wake of added competition from 107.7 The Franchise, which launched in late August.
Media notes: Jim Traber agrees to new three-year contract with Sports Animal radio network
"I'm excited about moving forward," Traber said Monday of the new deal, noting he was pleased with support from Cumulus Media management in Oklahoma City and Atlanta. Traber, a former OSU quarterback and Baltimore Orioles first baseman, said his current contract expires at the end of the month.
"Jim is an intricate part of the team," said Cumulus market manager Larry Bastida.
Bastida noted Cumulus management has shown a "real investment in sports talk radio. They believe it's one of the formats of the future. They give us a lot of support here."
Bastida said the network, led by flagship station WWLS-FM 98.1, had "solidified all of our guys" with new agreements with nearly everyone on The Sports Animal, including Traber's afternoon partner, Al Eschbach; Bob Barry Jr., 9 a.m. to noon; Mark Rodgers, noon to 2 p.m.; and the morning team of Curtis Fitzpatrick, Carey Murdock, Ron Benton ("Spinozi") and Phil Inzinga. Benton and Inzinga moved off from sister station KQOB-FM 96.9, which has picked up the nationally syndicated "Bob and Tom Show" in the mornings.
Minnesota Vikings star running back Adrian Peterson discusses recent events in his life, including the death of his 2-year-old son, in an interview with the ESPN newsmagazine "E:60" at 6 p.m. Tuesday.
Continue reading this story on the...


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Allegations Concerning a National Science Foundation Employee Using Government Funds for Personal Travel
PAD-83-8: Published: Dec 16, 1982. Publicly Released: Jan 17, 1983.
Additional Materials:
- Full Report:
Office of Public Affairs
(202) 512-4800
(202) 512-4800
GAO examined allegations that were raised concerning a former National Science Foundation (NSF) employee's use of Government funds for personal travel.
GAO found that top NSF management was aware that the travel had occurred and concluded that the trips were essential. GAO deferred to the administrative determination of the head of the agency. In response to the implication that the individual had resigned because of the NSF investigation, NSF stated that the individual in question had planned to work at NSF for 2 years and then return to his previous employment. Accordingly, GAO did not believe that the resignation was connected to the NSF investigation.
Sep 23, 2015
Corporate Bankruptcy:Stakeholders Have Mixed Views on Attorneys' Fee Guidelines and Venue Selection for Large Chapter 11 CasesGAO-15-839: Published: Sep 23, 2015. Publicly Released: Sep 23, 2015.
Sep 15, 2015
Confidential Informants:Updates to Policy and Additional Guidance Would Improve Oversight by DOJ and DHS AgenciesGAO-15-807: Published: Sep 15, 2015. Publicly Released: Sep 15, 2015.
Jun 29, 2015
Youth Athletes:Sports Programs' Guidance, Practices, and Policies to Help Prevent and Respond to Sexual AbuseGAO-15-418: Published: May 29, 2015. Publicly Released: Jun 29, 2015.
Jun 19, 2015
Federal Prison System:Justice Could Better Measure Progress Addressing Incarceration ChallengesGAO-15-454: Published: Jun 19, 2015. Publicly Released: Jun 19, 2015.
May 28, 2015
U.S. Parole Commission:Number of Offenders under Its Jurisdiction Has Declined; Transferring Its Jurisdiction for D.C. Offenders Would Pose ChallengesGAO-15-359: Published: May 28, 2015. Publicly Released: May 28, 2015.
Apr 29, 2015
Victims of Child Abuse Act:Further Actions Needed to Ensure Timely Use of Grant Funds and Assess Grantee PerformanceGAO-15-351: Published: Apr 29, 2015. Publicly Released: Apr 29, 2015.
Mar 23, 2015
Department of Justice:Alternative Sources of Funding Are a Key Source of Budgetary Resources and Could Be Better ManagedGAO-15-48: Published: Feb 19, 2015. Publicly Released: Mar 23, 2015.
Mar 16, 2015
Criminal History Records:Additional Actions Could Enhance the Completeness of Records Used For Employment-Related Background ChecksGAO-15-162: Published: Feb 12, 2015. Publicly Released: Mar 16, 2015.
Mar 4, 2015
Whistleblower Protection:Additional Actions Needed to Improve DOJ's Handling of FBI Retaliation ComplaintsGAO-15-343T: Published: Mar 4, 2015. Publicly Released: Mar 4, 2015.
Feb 23, 2015
Whistleblower Protection:Additional Actions Needed to Improve DOJ's Handling of FBI Retaliation ComplaintsGAO-15-112: Published: Jan 23, 2015. Publicly Released: Feb 23, 2015.
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Coming to San Francisco? Cra$h at My Pad
Carl Finamore
October 2, 2015
San Francisco's housing crunch is being exacerbated by the allocation of thousands of resident housing units into short-term rental (STR) space for tourists. STRs are defined by law as less than 30-day rentals, ostensibly to distinguish them from long-term residential housing.
Yet, the city found that about 15% of vacant residential units are off the long-term rental market, now being used by Airbnb, a vacation rental listing website valued at $25 billion with 1.5 million national listings and growing. (more…)
When Dreams Run out of Steam
Kenneth Couesbouc
September 23, 2015
Being numerically insignificant, a ruling class can only maintain its dominion if it has the support of a larger group, obtained by combining mercenary and ideological means. This intermediary group transmits orders and supervises their execution, a thankless task that is compensated by above median incomes and the impression of moving up socially. The Middle Class learns to mimic the Upper Class on a modest scale, and dreams of fame and fortune. The Working Class, those who actually do things, is also fed the dream and aspires to a higher social standing. As an alternative to brute force and heredity, a social pyramid tries to be an aspiration. (more…)
"Don't Talk Zionism!"
Uri Avnery
September 20, 2015
In the early 1950s, I published a story by my friend, Miko Almaz. At the time, the new State of Israel was in dire straits, its leaders did not know how to pay for next month's food.
Someone remembered that in a remote part of Africa there was a small community of Jews, who owned all the diamond mines and were immensely rich. The government chose their most effective money-raiser and sent him there. (more…)
CLR James and Black Power
Lawrence Ware & Paul Buhle
September 16, 2015
During the exhilarating and dangerous late 1960s and early 1970s, no world historical figure of older generations had a more militant defense of Black Power than CLR James. But it was always a vision within a context, and after all these years have passed (along with James himself, who died in 1989), the context remains crucial.
He told a British audience in 1970, wondering about Stokely Carmichael, the voice of Black Power, "WHAT HE DO, HE WELL DO!" thus adopting the Caribbean patois. He rarely failed to mention that Stokely had been, in his younger years, also a Trinidadian, and that he remained always a son of the Afro-Caribbean people. (more…)
I was curious about the big show of humanity Donald Trump assembled in the old Dixie stronghold of Mobile, Alabama, supported by nativist Senator Jeff Sessions, so I watched the entire Trump Alabama rally, and some others of his too. Trump was surprisingly entertaining, for the limited range of ideas he possesses, and at this point I find it hard to pull away from any of his antics. (more…)
A political earthquake just hit San Francisco when, amid much controversy, plans for construction of 331 high-end rentals and deluxe condos in the heart of San Francisco's working-class Mission District collapsed.
Designed for the busy neighborhood transportation hub of 16th and Mission streets, the ten-story housing complex by Maximus Real Estate Partners, would have been the largest ever built in the history of the neighborhood. Yet, it all came down before it ever went up. (more…)
Earlier this year, one article peaked my interest. It was an article by Darnell L. Moore, senior editor of MicNews and co-managing editor of The Feminist Wire, which focused on unarmed black women murdered by police. Moore argued that people might know the names of unarmed black men but not names of black women and made a powerful point: that for years, including during the black freedom movement and Black Lives Matter, "racial justice has often been imagined as liberation specifically for black (heterosexual) men… despite the presence and leadership of many black women in both movements." (more…)
New Age
Kenneth Couesbouc
August 10, 2015
The egalitarian dream of hairy youths fifty years ago can be blamed on the rainbow colours that had lit up the post-war greyness, on electric guitars and psychedelic drugs, but it was also nourished by the ageless speculation on the virtues of isonomy. Though it may have happened elsewhere, the first occurrence that left any trace was in the Greek Peloponnese when the Dorian invaders discovered the remains of Mycenaean kingdoms with their vast palaces at the heart of the urban architecture. The absolute monarchs and the heroes of Achaean times went to war in chariots and were prone to individual feats and deaths. The Dorian soldiers fought on foot in a phalanx of hoplites armed with long lances. Their efficacy came from training and unity of purpose. The phalanx was the union of free and equal members who practised the martial arts. This originated in the family bonds that tie together clans and tribes in pre-urban societies. The problem was how to maintain their homogeneity in a wealthy metropolis. (more…)
Paragliders are flying over the stunning emerald sea. Summer hordes are descending on the Greek island of Kos from all corners of the increasingly aggressive European Union. On the faces of visitors, there seems to be no regret, no shame, that Europe just raped and humiliated Greece, forcing its government to cancel democracy, instead succumbing to the dictates of the mighty Germany and other dictatorial powers.
Tourists are busy frying themselves, stuffing their stomachs with seafood and boozing it up in countless cafes, bars and restaurants of the old city. Hotels and eateries are packed. It is yet another hot and sunny day. Crisis? What crisis? Yes, it is somewhere… there, maybe in Athens, or maybe just outside the city center. (more…)
(An excerpt follows from the keynote speech at the kickoff rally for Bernie Sanders on July 29 at the Grange in small town Sebastopol, attended by 180 people. Half a dozen other house gatherings occurred elsewhere in Sonoma County, Northern California, with the one in Graton village drawing 55 people. Over 3,000 such gatherings for Bernie happened that night, drawing over 100,000 people.)
In 1961 Republican President and General Dwight D. Eisenhower warned in his historic Farewell Address against the rise of what he described as the "military-industrial complex." At that time I was a high school student born into the Southern fighting family that gave its name to Ft. Bliss, Texas. I was later commissioned an officer in the U.S. Army. My father was Air Force, my brother Marine, and my sister married Coast Guard. (more…)


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Talk:Monospaced font
|WikiProject Typography
|(Rated Start-class, Mid-importance)
CJK fonts and Monospaced fonts[edit]
As far as I know, CJK fonts are in a sense monospaced as well, they are double-width (or full-width) when compared to Latin/Cyrillic fonts, and each CJK character is in its own box, in a sense CJK fonts are fixed-width and fixed-height fonts. Can CJK fonts be said to be monospaced? Or there is a separate category for CJK fonts? Kazkaskazkasako (talk) 14:15, 3 October 2009 (UTC)
I came to this page looking for at least a link to a list of monospaced fonts. Didn't find what I was looking for. 22.214.171.124 (talk) 14:24, 31 March 2010 (UTC)
Fixed-width fonts[edit]
Fixed-width font redirects here, but nowhere in the article is the difference between a fixed-width font and a monospaced font explained. In a monospaced font, all characters (usually with the exception of the TAB character) take up the same amount of space. In a fixed-width font, all characters take up either one or two positions (e.g. Roman letters take up one position while Chinese characters take up two positions), and each position has a fixed height and width. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 184.108.40.206 (talk) 17:33, 29 August 2010 (UTC)
"as above" is not correct[edit]
"otherwise they are mis-aligned, as above" does not seem right. On my screen, the mis-aligned example is at the left, not above. I'd fix it, except I'm not sure that "at the left" is correct for every context in which Wikipedia pages are displayed. "Above" might be correct in some contexts. Can someone who understand this better fix it, as appropriate? Omc (talk) 19:20, 9 May 2013 (UTC)
Use in generic tabular text[edit]
I'd add the use of monospaced or fixed-width fonts for simple tabular tables where unknown display servers may implement Tabs in unexpected ways. For example email texts, with a list or table of a few columns, mixed text and numbers. HalFonts (talk) 01:43, 3 December 2013 (UTC)


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Parece que tu idioma preferido es Español.
If you are traveling in a large group, let our sister site - Hostelbookers, tailor an expert solution for you.
The region is a reference for rock climbing and excellent for trekking, cycling or simply resting on the hammock and...
Más información »


text: fortheclueless 5pts Here here. While the Korean manufacturers are starting to develop their own flair this could have a Mazda plate on it and I wouldn't know the difference. I do like the cross pattern on the doors. But this isn't a future design language statement. Its a platform to showcase hybrid technology, energy return systems, and instrument cluster technology. All of which seem pretty interesting.


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The Blood Type Diet Archives Volume 17
Bob L.'s meat dish revisited
Posted By: Peter D'Adamo
In Response To: Add 1 Tbps pureed prunes to 1 lb ground beef to kill e.coli (Carolyn)
Bob L posted a neat little recipe that he uses (he's type O) which is somewhere down the page. Your mention of prunes to combat E. coli reminded me of a note that I had made to myself to add to the fact that his recipe could be made 'perfect' by the inclusion of 1-2 prunes or 1/2 tsp black cherry concentrate since the antioxidants (anthrocyanidin flavones) in the pigments seem to completely block the production of any carcinogens that are the result of high temperature cooking.
Messages in This Thread
Carolyn -- Wednesday, 19 September 2001, at 3:39 p.m.
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