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Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1839244Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1839244?? 1 Residents' perceptions of tourism impacts and attitudes towards tourism policies in a small mountain community JUAN GABRIEL BRIDA*, MARTA DISEGNA & LINDA OSTI Competence Centre in Tourism Management and Tourism Economics (TOMTE), Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, School of Economics and Management, Bolzano, Italy NOTE: Authors are listed in alphabetical order since they all have contributed equally to the work. ABSTRACT: The purpose of this paper is to explore residents' perceptions of tourism impacts and how they affect attitudes towards local tourism policies. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of community attachment and employment sector of residents. This study presents the results of a quantitative survey among residing families of a small mountain community located in the North-East of Italy. The findings reveal that residents' perceptions on economic, environmental and socio-cultural impacts affect their support to local tourism policies. Residents who perceive positively tourism impacts are more willing to support future tourism development policies. The analysis has also demonstrated that native-born residents generally perceive negatively tourism impacts and are less willing to support any increase in the overall number of tourists, supporting the well know social exchange theory. Some implications for the tourism planning and management of the destination are also discussed. KEY WORDS: residents' perceptions, tourism development, tourism policies, community attachment, social exchange theory, tourism impacts. Acknowledgements: Our research was supported by the Autonomous Province of Bolzano, project "Tourism, growth, development and sustainability. The case of the South Tyrolean region" and by the Free University of Bolzano, project "The Contribution of Tourism to Economic Growth". The investigators deeply appreciate the time and effort that Michela Faccioli spent collecting and entering data and the research assistance we received from her in designing the questionnaire and collecting information about the community of Folgaria. *Correspondence Address: Dr. Juan Gabriel Brida, Associate Professor of Economics, Competence Centre in Tourism Management and Tourism Economics (TOMTE), School of Economics and Management - Free University of Bolzano, Universitätsplatz 1 - piazza Università, 1, I - 39100 Bolzano, Italy. Telephone +39 0471013492; fax +39 0471013009. E-mail: email@example.com E-mail adresses: email@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com
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Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1839244Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1839244?? 2 Introduction Tourism is widely perceived as an economic development tool for the local community, providing factors that may improve quality of life such as employment and investments opportunities, tax revenues, restaurants, accommodation services, natural and cultural attractions, festivals, and outdoor recreation opportunities (Andereck et al. 2005; Kiriakidou and Gore 2005; Kandampully 2000). On the other hand, tourism can also lead to negative effects on resident's quality of life such as, for example, an increase on traffic, parking problems, crime in the town, cost of living, and changes in hosts' lifestyle (Tosun 2002; Brunt and Courtney 1999; McCool and Martin 1994). Since the 70s, residents' attitudes and perceptions toward tourism impacts on their community has been broadly analyzed by managers of the tourism industry, policy makers and academicians (Andereck et al. 2005; Andereck and Vogt 2000; Jurowski et al. 1997; Lankford 1994; Perdue et al. 1987; Doxey 1975; Young 1973). In particular, Ap (1992) suggested a theoretical framework, namely the "social exchange" theory, to capture the motivations that lead residents to have a positive or negative attitude towards tourism. On the other hand, there is no doubt that also residents' perceptions and attitudes toward any local tourism development policy should be analysed and studied (Ritchie and Inkari 2006; Aguiló and Roselló 2005). Since tourism relies heavily upon the goodwill of the local residents, their support is essential for its development, successful operation, and sustainability of the industry in the long term (Vargas-Sánchez et al. 2011; Aguiló and Roselló 2005; Sheldon and Abenoja 2001; Garrod and Fyall 1998; Ap 1992). In fact, the sense of residents' community attachment not only influences residents' perceptions of the impacts of tourism (McCool and Martin 1994; Um and Crompton 1987; Sheldon and Var 1984), but also the relationship between residents and tourists. If residents' attitudes are favorable towards the tourism impact than they will probably support additional local tourism development and they will be more hospitable with tourists. In this context, it is important to remember that tourists are more favorable attracted by destinations in which residents are more friendly, honest and hospitable (Fallon and Schofield 2006). Therefore, the local community must increasingly be involved and given an active role, participating in the planning and management of local tourism policy (Simpson and Bretherton 2009; Dyer et al. 2007) in order to obtain its agreement and support. Consequently, the primary aim of any destination manager is to gain a thorough knowledge of the destination's characteristics that residents want to preserve and protect because understanding the residents' attitudes towards the impacts of tourism implies to know the emotive relations between residents and their place (Brehm et al. 2004). So far, only few studies were conducted with the aim to analyze the relationship between residents' community attachment and socio-demographic characteristics and perceptions of impacts, benefits and support for tourism development (Lee et al. 2010A). One of these studies
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?? 3 was conducted by Lee et al. (2010B), who analyzed how residents' perceptions affect the level of benefit and support to tourism in two different gambling communities. The main purpose of this study is to determine and assess how residents' perception towards local development tourism policies is affected by residents' perception of tourism impacts on economic, environmental and socio-cultural aspects. Additionally, this study explores how community attachment (measured by the length of residence) and/or economic dependence on the tourism industry (expressed through the nature of resident's job) affect residents' attitudes and perceptions toward tourism development. The magnitude of the relationships between impacts and benefits is also calibrated. The dataset comes from a survey on residents' attitudes and perceptions towards tourism development in Folgaria, a small mountain community located in the province of Trento (North-East of Italy). To reach our aims we conducted a descriptive analysis of the data and we adopted a multiple linear regression model to estimate the determinants of the residents' attitudes toward tourism policy. Specification of the regression models was based on the social exchange theory (Ap 1992) and findings from previous studies. To reduce the number of dependent variables of the regression models we have first conducted a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with varimax rotation on statements regarding residents' attitudes toward tourism policy. For the same reason, and in order to obtain uncorrelated variables, we have also conducted a PCA on statements related residents' opinions towards the economic, environmental and sociocultural impacts of tourism. The paper is structured by first describing the literature related to residents' perceptions of tourism impact. It next describes the small mountain community of Folgaria, the structure of the questionnaire and the statistical methodology. Finally, the results and limitations of the research are discussed highlighting practical implications and future perspectives. Literature review Tourism impacts The academic literature has analysed community reactions to the local development of tourism since the early writings of Young (1973) and Doxey (1975). Several studies have highlighted the fact that tourism impacts on the host destination are economic, environmental, and socio-cultural (among others Ogorelc 2009; Vargas-Sánchez et al. 2009; Diedrich and Garcia-Buades 2008; Andereck et al. 2005; Kayat 2002; Andereck and Vogt 2000; Long et al. 1990). A comprehensive review of the recent research studies related to tourism impacts on the host destination are found in the work of Easterling (2004) and, more recently, in Deery et al. (2011). The literature review suggests that each tourism impact category includes positive and negative effects and, sometimes, residents' perceptions are contradictory.
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?? 4 The economic tourism impact is mainly perceived by residents, on the positive hand, as a mean to generate employment, develop local economy, increase investments and economic diversification (Vargas-Sánchez et al. 2009; Diedrich and Garcia-Buades 2008; Liu and Var 1986), improve local and state tax revenues, additional income, and economic quality of life (Huh and Vogt 2008; Haralambopoulos and Pizam 1996). Conversely, on the negative hand, residents seem to perceive an increase in the cost of living, i.e. in prices of goods and services, and an unequal distribution of the economic benefits (Andriotis 2005; Andereck and Vogt 2000; Haralambopoulos and Pizam 1996; Liu and Var 1986). The environmental is a central theme on tourism since the 80s and it continues to be an interesting topic in a time when the global policy is aimed at ecological problems, such as pollution, depletion of natural resources and deforestation (Kuvan and Akan 2005). In particular, the potential of tourism activities in achieving the objectives of environmental preservation and conservation have been widely studied (Stewart et al. 1998; Bramwell and Lane 1993). A study by Liu and Var (1986) demonstrates that about half of the interviewed residents are in favor with tourism because it is a tool to obtain more parks and recreation areas, to improve the quality of roads and public facilities, and it does not contribute to ecological decline. Doswell (1997) suggests that tourism is a tool that stimulates environmental conservation and improvement. On the negative side, many studies suggest that tourism causes traffic and pedestrian congestion, parking problems, disturbance and destruction of flora and fauna, air and water pollution, and littering (see, for example, Frauman and Banks 2011; Jago et al. 2006; Andereck et al. 2005; Jurowski and Gursoy 2004; Brunt and Courtney 1999; McCool and Martin 1994). In this context, a number of studies on sustainable tourism development have been made with the primary aim to study the combination of environmental conservation, local people's livelihood and economic prerequisites of tourism (Ogorelc 2009; Chia-Pin et al. 2009; Ernoul 2009; Hunter and Shaw 2007; Gössling and Hall 2006). Other scholars suggested that tourism impacts also exert socio-cultural effects, such as increased intercultural communication, the modification of traditional cultures, the increase in crime, in costs of accommodation and the waiting time to deliver services (Martin 2008; Diedrich and Garcia-Buades 2008; Andereck et al. 2005 and 2007; Haralambopoulos and Pizam 1996; Ross 1992; Dogan 1989). Puczkó and Rátz (2000) underline that incorrect tourism development can lead to increase stress on the community and to a negative change in the destinations' socio-cultural and physical characteristics. Dogan (1989) suggests that tourism also causes a change in habits, daily routines, social lives, beliefs, and values. Perdue et al. (1991) focus on the geographic relocation of residents due to the increase in second homeowners. The theme of the ratio of permanent residents to the number of second homeowners and tourists was further investigated, finding that if there is an imbalance, conflict may arise (Diedrich and Garcia-Buades 2008; Andereck et al. 2005). On the other hand, tourism can also produce positive
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?? 5 socio-cultural effects, such as an increase in the community services, recreational and cultural facilities, cultural events and cultural exchanges (Brunt and Courtney 1999; Gilbert and Clark 1997; McCool and Martin 1994; Perdue et al. 1990; Liu and Var 1986). Finally, the academic literature (among others Goodwin 2006; Nyaupane et al. 2006; Pagdin 1995) focus also on the role that tourism plays in terms of social and cultural preservation, revitalization of ethic culture, and promotion of indigenous arts and crafts industries in the host regions with an increasing concern about the ethical behavior of both tourism businesses and tourists. Social Exchange Theory Among the several theories developed in an attempt to understand and examine the host perceptions toward tourism, we can find the attribution theory (Pearce 1989), the dependency theory (Preister 1989), the social representation theory (Andriotis and Vaughn 2003), and the social exchange theory (Ap 1992). This latter one is the most widely used by scholars (Nunkoo and Ramkissoon 2010; Harrill 2004). In general, social exchange theory is based on the idea that each human behaviour or social interaction is made because people want to exchange goods or activities with others (Homans 1958). As stated by Ap (1992), this is "a general sociological theory concerned with understanding the exchange of resources between individuals and groups in an interaction situation". Generally, an individual that perceives more benefits than costs from an exchange is likely to consider it positively, on the contrary, someone that perceives more costs than benefits is likely to evaluate it negatively. Therefore, people's satisfaction with an exchange interaction is obtained by the evaluation of the outcomes, which can be both economic and social, and the interaction itself. From a tourism perspective, the social exchange theory means that residents examine costs and benefits as a result of tourism and, if their assessment is positive, also their attitude towards this type of industry will be positive. Therefore, residents perceiving more positive (benefits) than negative (costs) effects arising from tourism are likely to support the exchange (King et al. 1993) and are likely to be inclined to be involved in the exchange. In general, this type of residents displays positive attitudes and perceptions toward the tourism industry and, therefore, they encourage the future local tourism development (Gursoy et al. 2002; Ap 1992). On the basis of this theory, we can describe residents' support of tourism development as a function of personal benefits, positive and negative impacts of tourism, and experience with tourism (Ogorelc 2009). Determinants of residents' perception of tourism impact Since the 80s it is well known that residents do not form a homogeneous group in terms of their perception of tourism impacts. In fact, those who gain more benefits than costs from tourism view its impacts positively, others view them negatively.
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?? 6 A number of different variables influencing residents' perceptions of tourism impacts have been identified in the literature. Municipality and policy makers are interested in knowing which are these variables and, in particular, which of them are most important, to gain residents' support to actual and future local tourism development policies. Most of the variables suggested in the literature are linked to the socio-demographic and economic profile of the residents, such as age, gender, and level of income (Sharma and Dyer 2009; Petrzelka et al. 2005; Haley et al. 2005; Dogan 1989), or to residents' attachment and relationship to the local area and connection with tourists (for a complete review of the literature see Deery et al. 2011; Easterling 2004). With the aim to describe residents' relationship to the local area, some studies have examined the role of the community attachment value (Ryan and Gu 2010; Woosnam et al. 2009; Andereck et al. 2005). The community attachment is defined as the "extent and pattern of social participation and integration into community life, and sentiment or affect toward the community" (McCool and Martin 1994). Generally, community attachment has been measured in a variety of ways as the length of living and/or having been born and/or grown up in the community (MeGehhe and Andereck 2004; Jurowski et al.1997; Lankford and Howard 1994; Um and Crompton 1987; Sheldon and Var 1984). The relationship between community attachment and tourism impacts is yet controversial: some studies suggest that the longer an individual resides in a community, the more negative is the attitude towards tourism development (Harrill and Potts 2003; Lankford and Howard 1994; Lankford 1994; Um and Crompton 1987), other studies demonstrate that this relation is not true in every situation (Andereck et al. 2005; MeGehhe and Andereck 2004; Gursoy et al. 2002; McCool and Martin 1994). In support of the social exchange theory, many studies suggest that residents, who are economic dependent on tourism industry, are generally more favourably disposed towards tourism than those who are not (Andereck et al. 2007; MeGehhe and Andereck 2004; Sirakaya et al. 2002; Brunt and Courtney 1999; Haralambopoulos and Pizam 1996). Ap (1992) highlights that this relationship exists thanks to the existing trade off between costs and benefits. However, some authors disagree with these statements and in different studies conclude that residents being economically dependent on tourism find more negative association with tourism manifesting this in a strong negative attitude (Williams and Lawson 2001; Pizam 1978). On the same argument, we can observe that residents' perception of tourism impacts is influenced by the possibility of having an economic gain (McGehee and Andereck 2004; Sirakaya et al. 2002; Brunt and Courtney 1999; Gilbert and Clark 1997; Haralambopoulos and Pizam 1996). On the other hand, Andereck et al. (2007) suggest that the more residents have knowledge about tourism and have intensive contact with tourists, the more they have a positive perception of the benefits gained through tourism. Conversely, Lankford and Howard (1994) did not find any
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?? 7 significant relation between residents' attitudes and the degree of the contact with tourists. Finally, some researchers have also analyzed the influence of the distance between their place of residence and tourism activities, obtaining no consensus on the results (Sharma et al. 2008; Jurowski and Gursoy 2004; Harrill 2004; Sheldon and Var 1984). Description of the geographical area Folgaria is a small mountain community located at about 1,200 meters above the sea level in the Province of Trento, South-East area of the Trentino-South Tyrol region in the North-East of Italy (see Figure 1), with a total area of only 72 km2 and a population density of nearly 44 inhabitants per km2 (total resident population 3,112 calculated at January, 1, 2010). Figure 1. Map of study site. Even if it is a relatively small tourist destination, it is the biggest among all other municipalities in the surroundings (Lavarone and Luserna), with which Folgaria forms a strong conglomerate named "Plateau of Folgaria, Lavarone and Luserna". This conglomerate is a mature alpine destination that in 2008 has attracted 467,510 tourists (excluding second homeowners and tourist in private homes); 353,049 (75.5%) of which were attracted to Folgaria. This area is characterized by a great variety and wealth of natural and cultural attractions. In fact, Folgaria is located in a plateau surrounded by high mountains and wide meadows, characterized by a great variety of flora and fauna and spectacular walking paths. On the other
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?? 8 hand, the plateau of Folgaria, Lavarone and Luserna is well know for the winter sports thanks to the presence of 100 Km of skiing slopes, 45 km of cross-country tracks, and different snowshoeing routes. This area is appreciated by tourists also for the numerous remains of the First World War, i.e. fortresses and trenches, that offer the opportunity to learn an important piece of history that has strongly marked this area among many other war-affected areas. Furthermore, tourists are attracted by the numerous cultural events and concerts organized by the town of Folgaria in order to evoke past traditions and ways of life. Folgaria disposes of a wide range of middle-quality hotel structures, able to accommodate both high numbers of visitors and small groups, without outsourcing beds for clients in the nearby tourist destinations. The main constrains that the conglomerate faces are geographical dispersion, crowding out of young people, declining role of traditional activities, lack of collaboration between tourism suppliers, dependence of seasonality and under-utilization of infrastructures (Statistics Service- Provincia Autonoma di Trento 2006). The geographical dispersion of the territory prevents the local population from benefiting from the advantages of the economies of scale and the aggregation of resources and know-how. In Folgaria, young people are inclined to leave the municipality in favor of the urban environment, mainly because of employment opportunities, or daily move from the place of residence to the city, for working purposes. These two factors produce lack of labor force in the economic traditional activities as the agricultural and farming sector generating a declining of their role. The previous mentioned factors and individualism of small and medium suppliers of tourism production results in lower quality of the services available on the market, a strong dispersion of the potential benefits of cooperative behavior among tourism actors and a downward trend since 2006 of tourists' presence in the studied area (see table 1). Table 1. Numbers of tourists attracted by "Plateau of Folgaria, Lavarone and Luserna" and Folgaria (2002-2008). Year 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Plateau of Folgaria, Lavarone and Luserna 420116 481912 488269 507918 502137 478464 467510 Change (%) Folgaria 304122 344495 364310 386911 382839 359210 353049 Change (%) 0 0 14.71 1.32 4.02 -1.14 -4.71 -2.29 13.28 5.75 6.20 -1.05 -6.17 -1.72 In this context, it is necessary to study residents' attitudes and perceptions on tourism development policies in Folgaria because there is the need by public administrators to overcome the factors that have limited tourism expansion through the knowledge about residents' opinions on future tourism policies and development and the support of the community.
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?? 9 Data and methodology Data collection and questionnaire A face-to-face questionnaire was administrated to a sample of resident families, excluded second homeowners, in various villages of the agglomeration of Folgaria. Data collection was conducted from the last week of January to the last week of March 2009 and for each family: only one adult person was interviewed to represent the family's opinions. To determine the sample size, the following formula was applied (Cochran 1977): n =p(1! p)z!/2e2(N !1)+ p(1! p)z!/22N2 (1) where n is the size of the families sample; N is the size of the resident families in 2008 in Folgaria; z!/2is the quantile of the standard normal distribution corresponding to a given confidence level; e is the margin of error, i.e. the proportion of sampling error in a given situation; p is the estimates product or incidence of cases in the proportion. In this study we know that N = 1,580 and we assume 95% level confidence (z!/2= 1.96), e = ±4%, and p = 0.5 for a conservative estimate of n. Thus, the minimum sample size was determined at 435 resident families, and 450 questionnaires were in fact distributed to allow for the possibility of uncompleted and invalid questionnaires. Families were selected using systematic sampling method with sampling interval equal to four, i.e. about 1 every 4 resident families was selected, as we were in possession of the alphabetic list of all resident families of the municipality. In order to control uneven response rates and missing temporary residents, we have performed the sample using some criteria according to previous samples used by the local statistical authorities. The data collection was based on two stages: a delivery and a recollection one. If during the phase of questionnaire delivery no one was found at home, the questionnaire was given to the closest household. The distribution stage was realized respecting the community's natural location on the territory, since, as we have already described, Folgaria is composed by various villages distributed on the municipality's area: in order to minimize the time needed for data collection, the questionnaires were delivered according to a geographical order rather than an alphabetical one. An instrument adopted in order to augment the response rate of residents, was an incentive for respondents: some prizes were assigned to 3 randomly chosen households among all those who completed the questionnaire. Since anonymity in the research had to be preserved, an identification number was assigned to each family and questionnaire, in order to be able to identify the winner of the prize at the end of the research work.
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?? 10 Among all of the distributed questionnaires, 297 were recollected -with a response rate of 66%- for a total of 294 usable questionnaires (the 3 invalid questionnaires were returned incomplete). It must also be noted that the period in which the distribution and recollection occurred, was between an off-peak period and a high-season period. In fact, the period was selected in order to include different attitudes of locals during both low and high season periods, therefore including all possible variables and factors that could affect residents' attitudes. Items used in the questionnaire to examine the impacts of tourism in Folgaria are derived from the related tourism literature (Aguiló and Roselló 2005; Andriotis 2002; Gursoy et al. 2002; Andereck and Vogt 2000; Ryan et al. 1998; Faulkner and Tideswell 1997) and are listed in Appendix 1. The questionnaire is divided into two parts: the first part contains 39 statements regarding the residents' perceptions (27 statements) and opinions (12 statements) on tourism; the second part contains same socio-demographic and economic characteristics of the respondent and the level of reliance on tourism. In total the questionnaire contained 54 questions or statements. The first part can be further divided into five blocks of statements regarding the following topics: 1) economic impacts of tourism; 2) environmental impacts of tourism; 3) socio-cultural impacts of tourism; 4) future development policies; 5) impacts of seasonality (i.e. difference in tourists' numbers between high and low season) on residents. Blocks 1-3 contain statements on the positive and negative perceptions of residents towards the economic, environmental, and socio-cultural tourism impacts, where the respondents were asked to indicate their level of agreement, using a six-point Likert scale (Likert 1932). Blocks 4-5 include statements related to residents' opinions towards future development policies, including also seasonality (using a six-point Likert scale). Research methodology As stressed in the introduction paragraph, this research aims to investigate how residents' attitudes towards local development tourism policy are affected by residents' perceptions towards tourism impacts. Secondly, we want to verify and quantify how this relation is influenced by community attachment and employment sector, reflecting the works of other scholars in past research. To reach our aims, we first conducted a descriptive analysis to explore residents' perceptions and opinions obtaining a profile of the sample, information on community attachment (native-born or not) and employment sector (tourism workers or not). The t-tests between native-born and non-native born residents and between workers in tourism industry and workers in other sectors were reported in order to complete the conclusion obtained by the descriptive analysis. Prior to accept the results of the t-tests we have conducted an analysis of the effect size due to the different sizes of the sub-samples. In our research we have used the coefficient of
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?? 11 determination (R2) as a measure of the proportion of variance shared by the two characteristics or variables (in this case we have compared the "native-born" vs. "non-native born" and "workers in the tourism sector" vs. " workers in other sectors"). The formula for the calculation of this index is given by Acock (2008) and it is equal to R2=t2/(t2+df). The author suggests that a value between 0.01 and 0.09 indicates a small size effect, between 0.10 and 0.25 indicates a medium effect and above 0.26 a large effect. To explain the variability and to summarize the 39 statements regarding perceptions and opinions of the residents, two PCA with varimax rotation were applied separately: one for the group of perception statements and one for the group of opinion statements. PCA was used for different reasons: we don't know if exists an underlying structure among the variables, we want to reduce the number of variables, and find a small number of new uncorrelated variables (factors) explaining the phenomenon. Varimax rotation was used to maximize the differences among the dimensions extracted and to maintain the uncorrelation between factors. Only factors with eigenvalues greater than 1 and individual items with a factor loadings of 0.50 and above (Hair et al. 1998) were selected. Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient (Cronbach 1951), was computed to evaluate the internal consistency of each factor. The range of values for this coefficient is [0, 1] and, in exploratory research, we have an acceptable level of internal consistency when the coefficient is higher than 0.6 (Burgess and Steenkamp 2006; Hair et al. 1998; Nunnally and Bernstein 1994). The suitability of factor analysis was determined by the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO, Kaiser 1974) measure of sampling adequacy, as a measure of homogeneity of variables, and by the Bartlett's test of sphericity (Bartlett 1954) tests whether the correlation matrix is an identity matrix, which would indicate that the factor model is inappropriate. The meaning of a factor analysis is more significant if the KMO value is closer to 1. A value of 0.60 or above from the KMO measure is generally accepted as significant and it indicates that the data are adequate for PCA (Subhash 1996; Tabachnick and Fidell 1989). Finally, numerous regression analyses were estimated to reach our aim, i.e. to assess which impact variables are the most important to explain residents' support of tourism development policies. Each regression model was estimated using as dependent variables the factors extracted from the residents' opinions on policies' statements and as independent variables the factors extracted from residents' perceptions of tourism impacts. To complete our analysis we have estimated every regression model for each sub-sample: community attachment (native-born vs. non-native born) and employment sector (workers in the tourism industry vs. workers in other sectors). In addition, to test the difference between two regression coefficients, related to the same variable and calculated across two sub-samples, we have performed a series of Z-tests calculated as in equation 2 (Paternoster et al. 1998):
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?? 12 Z =b1!b2!b12+!b22 (2) Where b1 and b2 are the two coefficients obtained from the estimation of the regression model in two samples, and σ2 is the estimated variance of the coefficient. Empirical results Descriptive analysis The average age of respondents is 48 years old and the sample is about equally divided by the gender (51% are female). The average number of components of the family is 3 persons and the average number of children under 18 per family is less than 1 (0.6), indicating that familiar nuclei are small conglomerates (in accordance with the overall social trend at national level). On average the net household annual income is about €33,000 (the modal income class is between €15,000 and €28,000). The majority of the sample was born in the nearby town of Rovereto and live in the main center of Folgaria. With respect to the length of residence in the place, most of the residents are native-born in Folgaria (58%) and the rest of the sample indicated, however, quite a long period of residence in the town (21 years). The majority of the respondents (56.6%) stated that they are not currently employed in the tourism sector, neither were in the past 5 years (67.3%), besides 62.2% of the respondents stated that in their family, no other member works in the tourism industry. The statements on residents' perceptions and opinions on tourism's impact and policy (39 statements of the first part of the questionnaire), with a full set of mean scores and t-tests between native-born and non-native and between workers in the tourism filed and non tourism workers, are shown in Appendix 1. Results of the R2 suggest that only two statements have a values between 0.10-0.25 (interaction with tourists in the winter season and interaction in the summer season in the comparison between workers in the tourism sector and workers in other sectors) and the remaining statements have a value less than 0.09, indicating that the t-tests were not affected by a size effect. In general, respondents recognize the positive economic benefits of tourism. In particular, respondents agree on saying that tourism attracts more investments and spending to Folgaria ("Tourism causes an increment of investments at the destination", mean value 5.11). However they also believe that prices of many goods, services and real estate have increased because of tourism ("Tourism causes an increase in good prices", mean value 5.17). As we can note, there are some significant differences only with respect to the employment sector and not with respect to the length of residence. Workers in the tourism sector are, on average, more in agreement than workers in the other sectors with the statements affirming that tourism causes an increase
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?? 13 in life standards and tourism causes more positive than negative economic effects, they also partially agree with the idea that tourism benefits only small groups. In terms of positive environmental impacts, respondents show a conservative approach towards the issue (mean value generally stated between 2.99 and 4.42). In general, residents believe that tourism causes traffic congestion, noise, and pollution. Workers in the tourism sector are, on average, less in agreement than the workers in other sectors with the negative environmental impacts of tourism, particularly with references to the problems of crowding and inaccessible places for local residents during the high season, traffic congestion, noise, pollution, and the environmental destruction due to the construction of tourist facilities. Native-born residents are, on average, more in agreement than non native-born on the idea that construction facilities destroy the environment, perhaps due to the fact that they have seen major changes during the years and they are able to compare the current situation of the destination to how it was in the past. With respect to the socio-cultural aspects of the tourism impacts, we can note that local residents, in particular native-born and workers in the tourism sector, consider the experience of meeting tourists from all over the world, and from abroad, a valuable happening ("Meeting tourist is a valuable experience", mean value 5.17). Local resident, and particularly workers in the tourism sector, also recognize the power of tourism to increase the availability of recreational facilities (like swimming pool, tennis courts, ski slopes, etc.) for local people ("Tourism has led to an increase in service for residents", mean value 5.06). On average, the local community does not perceive tourist's presence to cause a decrease in quality of life ("Tourism causes a lower quality of life", mean value 2.52) and tourism to cause an increase in crime problems ("Tourism causes security and crime problems", mean value 2.69). As expect, on average workers in the tourism sector declared to have grater daily interactions with tourists (in both winter and summer), than workers in other sectors. What is important to note is that the former are more in agreement with the fact that the contact with tourists is a positive experience and, therefore, they also believe that the interaction with the tourists enable residents to expand their cultural knowledge and enhance local traditions and costumes. Concerning local policies on tourism development in Folgaria, local residents would generally develop new programs oriented towards the preservation and valorization of natural resources ("Natural conservation", mean value 5.1). Workers in the tourism sector differ significantly from workers in other sectors because the former would prefer local policies to be more focused on the promotion of tourism and on the development of new tourist attractions (like entertainment parks, tourist services, etc.), on the construction of new services and commercial activities (like restaurants, shops, etc.). Local residents, and in particular workers in the tourism sector, are been to change the actual flow of tourists during the year ("Seasonality tourism policy"), however they don't want to decrease the number of tourists in the high season,
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?? 14 indicating the willingness to prolong the two seasons ("Decrease tourism during the main season"). On the other hand, local residents, and in particular workers in the tourism sector, consider important the adoption of specific tourism policies to increase the tourism presence during the low season and therefore increase the actual total number of tourists ("Increase tourism during the low season"). Factor analysis In order to reduct the 39 variables that represent both the opinion of the residents towards the future development policies and the perception of the residents towards the economic, environmental and socio-cultural impacts of tourism, two separated PCA with varimax rotation ware conducted. As regards the opinion statements (see table 2), the initial procedure produced a four factor solution with eigenvalues greater than 1 representing 64.53% of the total variance. Two items with factor loadings less than 0.50 were removed from further analysis. A revised factor solution with 10 remaining items was generated consisting of four factors with eigenvalues greater than 1, representing 69% of the total variance of the variables. The KMO measure of sampling adequacy (KMO=0.659) and the Bartlett's test (p<0.001) confirmed that the analysis is appropriate. Cronbach's alpha showed acceptable reliability, except for factor 3 (table 2). Table 2 shows the results of the factor analysis. The first factor was labeled "Winter tourism" and includes the opinion that the development policies in Folgaria should be oriented towards the implementation and expansion of winter tourism, increasing the availability of: ski slopes, new accommodation opportunities and structure with more than 50 beds, new services, and commercial activities (as restaurants, shops, etc.). The second factor, labeled "Seasonality", contains three items related to seasonality policies. In particular, there is an opposite effect between the maintenance of the actual tourism flow and the decrease of the total number of tourists in the main season (to decrease the overall total number of tourists) on one hand, and the development of all year round tourism policies, to increase the tourism presence during the low season thus increasing the actual total number of tourists, on the other hand. The third factor, "Environment and culture", explained 13.96% of the total variance with a reliability coefficient of 0.55, lower than the recommended level, and contains only two items: new environmentally-oriented programs for the preservation and valorization of natural resources, should be developed ("Natural conservation"); and new cultural attractions should be offered on the territory, such as museums, auditoriums, etc. ("New cultural attractions"). Technically, it is recommended to remove factors with fewer than three items from further analysis (Costello and Osborne 2005). However, this factor was retained because it represents an important aspect of the development policies in Folgaria that we want to investigate in the
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?? 15 following regression analysis to estimate which of the economic, environmental or socio-cultural perceived impacts determine this aspect. The final factor, "No seasonality", contains only one item "Increase tourism during low season and decrease during high season" so, following Costello and Osborne (2005), we decided not to use this factor as the dependent variable in the following regression model. Table 2. Results of factor analysis for opinions about tourism policies. Measure itemsa Factor 1: Winter tourism Winter tourism expansion Ski positive Incentive new hotels of more than 50 beds Increase new services Eigenvalue (% Variance explained) Reliability (α) Factor 2: Seasonality Maintenance of current tourism flow Decrease tourism during the main season Increase tourism during low season Eigenvalue (% Variance explained) Reliability (α) Factor 3: Environment and culture Natural conservation New cultural attractions Eigenvalue (% Variance explained) Reliability (α) Factor 4: No seasonality Increase tourism during low season and decrease during high season Eigenvalue (% Variance explained) Total variance explained (%) a 6 Likert-type scale, where 1=total opposition/disagreement and 6=total support/agreement. As regards the perception statements (see table 3), the initial procedure produced a seven factor Factor loadings Communality 0.7786 0.7898 0.7825 0.6956 0.6546 0.6460 0.6862 0.5788 2.647 (26.47) 0.7685 0.8172 0.6936 -0.7707 0.6711 0.6796 0.7390 1.760 (17.60) 0.6609 0.8473 0.8076 0.7272 0.6912 1.396 (13.96) 0.5451 0.9031 0.8261 1.097 (10.97) 69.00 solution with eigenvalues greater than 1 representing 61.46% of the total variance. Six items with factor loadings less than 0.50 had to be removed from further analysis. A revised factor solution with 21 remaining items was generated consisting of four factors with eigenvalues greater than 1, representing 62.36% of the total variance of the variables. The KMO measure of sampling adequacy (KMO=0.782) and the Bartlett's test (p<0.001) confirmed that the analysis was appropriate and Cronbach's alpha showed acceptable reliability for all factors. The results are described in table 3. Note that, although factors 3, 5 and 6 contain only two items they were retained because they represent important aspects of the local residents' perceptions of tourism's impacts. The first factor, labeled "Positive cultural-environmental impacts", groups six items related to statements that describe the positive environmental and cultural impacts of tourism. In particular, we can find the important theme of the conservation of natural resources and the cultural exchange between tourists and local residents. The second factor, labeled "Positive socio-economic impacts", groups six items related to the statements that describe the positive economic and social impacts of tourism. In particular, this factor contains statements related to
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Gas prices high in the EastJune 19,2014Why are gas prices so high in Vermont and New York? I drove from Vermont to Phoenix, Ariz., in February, March, April and May of this year. I did not pay over $3.40 per gallon in all the states I drove through Pennsylvania, Maryland, West Virginia, Tennessee, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Texas and New Mexico. Why in the East is gas so high? Gas is so abundant at this time we are exporting it. Come on, East Coasters, lets find the real reasons.
PoultneyMORE IN LettersPoor stewards Full StoryBenjamin Franklin said this: He that is good for making excuses is seldom good for anything else. Full StoryBiden says Full Story
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UH researchers testing viable drug targets thanks to more than $2M in NIH funding.
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June 25, 2014
Shire says New Jersey court found Vyvanse patents infringed
Shire announces that Judge Stanley Chesler of the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey granted Shire's summary judgment motion in a patent infringement lawsuit, holding that certain claims of the patents protecting Vyvanse were both infringed and valid. The ruling prevents the five pharmaceutical manufacturers who have filed Abbreviated New Drug Applications from launching generic versions of Vyvanse until the earlier of either a successful appeal to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, or the expiration of these patents in 2023. To appeal successfully, the ANDA Defendants must overturn the court's rulings for each of the 18 patent claims, Shire said. The court's summary judgment ruling concerning Shire's motion included 18 patent claims from four of the FDA Orange Book-listed patents for Vyvanse, which cover Vyvanse's active ingredient, the lisdexamfetamine dimesylate compound, and a method of using lisdexamfetamine dimesylate for the treatment of ADHD. Shire's lawsuit is against the five ANDA defendants that filed ANDAs with the FDA seeking to market generic versions of Vyvanse. The defendants are Actavis (ACT), Amneal Pharmaceuticals, Mylan (MYL), Roxane Laboratories and Novartis' (NVS) Sandoz.
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September 27, 2015
Novartis reports Phase 3 reults on Afinitor for neuroendocrine tumors
Novartis announced results of a Phase 3 pivotal study showing Afinitor, or everolimus, tablets reduced the risk of progression by 52% versus placebo in patients with advanced, progressive, nonfunctional neuroendocrine tumors of gastrointestinal or lung origin. Additionally, the data show everolimus, a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, extended median progression free survival by 7.1 months. Median PFS by central review was 11 months in the everolimus arm and 3.9 months in the placebo arm. Overall survival was a key secondary endpoint of the trial. While the OS data are not mature, the first interim analysis showed a trend favoring the everolimus arm, according to Novartis. Additional analyses are planned. Another secondary endpoint was best overall response rate. The study found that 64% of patients receiving everolimus experienced at least some degree of tumor shrinkage compared to 26% of those on placebo. Adverse events were consistent with the known safety profile of everolimus. The results of the RADIANT-4 study will serve as the basis of worldwide regulatory submissions for Afinitor for the treatment of advanced, progressive, nonfunctional GI and lung NET, Novartis said.
September 25, 2015
BMO's pharma predictions for rest of year include take on Mylan, Perrigo
BMO Capital analyst David Maris rolled out his rest of year predictions for the Specialty Pharmaceuticals space. Among them is his belief that Mylan (MYL) will be unsuccessful in acquiring Perrigo (PRGO). Perrigo will either be acquired by another company or make an acquisition itself, Maris tells investors in a research note. His other predictions include Jazz Pharmaceuticals (JAZZ) proving to be a good buying opportunity amidst the current negative sentiment and ZS Pharma (ZSPH) offering upside following the recent pullback given the potential for a near-term buyout and prospects for its "best in class drug for hyperkalemia" winning approval in 2016.
European Society for Medical Oncology to hold a conference
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Novartis announces CHMP adopted positive opinion for Entresto
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September 24, 2015
Novartis CEO discusses drug pricing, paying doctors, Washington Post reports
Novartis CEO Joseph Jimenez said in an interview with the Washington Post, "Drug pricing is a very complicated topic because we invest in high-risk activity... So when we price a drug, we price it based on the value it will bring into that marketplace, and also how its price compares to the other therapies currently on the market. There's been a lot of discussion about drug pricing. What we have to do is we have to shift that conversation away from the price toward the value. Like, what exactly is the value of this drug that is going to result in a positive outcome? And is society willing to pay for that drug? At Novartis, we take a little bit of a different approach than our peers. Not only are we a large, innovative drug manufacturer, but we also are the second largest generics manufacturer... I also believe at Novartis that the day that patents expire, it's our obligation to offer a low-cost version in a generic form." Discussing the practice of drug companies paying doctors to prescribe particular drugs, Jiminez said, "It's unfortunate, because that's a situation where society's expectations have changed to the point where even doing what's legal is not doing what's right. What we have to do is, we have to find new ways to educate physicians about our new drugs... We're looking at ways digitally to communicate with physicians and at some new tools, so we can stay ahead of the curve. So rather than wait for regulations to change, Novartis can step back and say, 'We're going to do what society would expect us to do, not just do what's legal.'"
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Mylan says Perrigo lawsuit 'without merit'
Mylan (MYL) believes that the Perrigo (PRGO) suit filed in Israel is entirely without merit and that Mylan's offer in Israel is valid and proper in all respects. With that said, Perrigo's efforts are entirely futile, as all Perrigo shareholders-institutional and retail, including those in Israel-have always been free to switch their holdings at any time from the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange to the New York Stock Exchange, through a simple, fully automated, well-established system by notifying their broker. As a result, shareholders can participate fully in Mylan's compelling offer without regard to any lawsuits in Israel or any other frustrating actions pursued by Perrigo in Israel. Further, as Mylan has previously stated publicly, it has been its intent and desire to list Mylan's shares on the TASE to maintain liquidity in Israel for the convenience of those shareholders in Israel who prefer to trade on the TASE, and Mylan is already well-advanced in the process of submitting its application to the TASE and the Israel Securities Authority, and is committed to continuing to work closely with these parties to complete this process.
Appeals court affirms Shire Vyvanse patents valid until 2023
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Appeals court affirms Shire Vyvanse patents valid until 2023
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Unilife ammends clinical supply agreement with Novartis
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September 23, 2015
Weakness in drug stocks creates buying opportunities, says RBC Capital
After Hillary Clinton unveiled a plan to lower drug prices, RBC Capital does not expect the plan to be passed by Congress. The firm adds that the plan is positive for generic drug makers and could pressure the FDA to more quickly approve generic drug applications. RBC identifies Insys Therapeutics (IINSY), Endo (ENDP), and Sagent Pharma (SGNT) as three stocks it likes that have suffered "disproportionate selloffs over the last two days." The firm identifies Sagent, Emdo and Mylan (MYL) as three companies with high generic exposure that have sold off.
Mylan countersues Perrigo, cites tender offer 'misstatements,' Reuters reports
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September 22, 2015
Drug stocks could be hurt by focus on pricing, says Oppenheimer
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Mylan to cancel 'stichting' takeover defense
Mylan N.V. yesterday confirmed that on September 19, 2015 the Stichting Preferred Shares Mylan, an independent foundation incorporated under the laws of the Netherlands, requested cancellation of the preferred Mylan shares issued to the Foundation on July 23, 2015. The Foundation informed Mylan it was satisfied that influences that might adversely affect the strategy, mission and other interests of Mylan, its business and its stakeholders to be protected by the Foundation as described in the Foundation's articles of association have been sufficiently addressed. Cancellation of the preferred shares requires Mylan shareholder approval. The Mylan Board of Directors will announce the shareholders meeting to approve the cancellation of the preferred shares in due course.
Clinton to roll out plan to rein in prescription drug costs, USA Today reports
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September 21, 2015
Turing CEO says will not change Daraprim price despite criticism
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Hillary Clinton vows to take on 'outrageous' specialty drug pricing
Hillary Clinton, on the heels of a Wall Street Journal report detailing Turing Pharmaceuticals' price hike to $750 from $13.50 per pill of a drug called Daraprim which treats a life-threatening parasitic infection, vowed to lay out a plan tomorrow to take on what she calls "price gouging" of specialty drugs. The presidential nominee stated in a tweet, "Price gouging like this in the specialty drug market is outrageous. Tomorrow I'll lay out a plan to take it on." The iShares Nasdaq Biotechnology Index (IBB) moved lower following Clinton's tweet.
On The Fly: Analyst Upgrade Summary
Today's noteworthy upgrades include: AerCap (AER) upgraded to Buy from Neutral at BofA/Merrill... Allstate (ALL) upgraded to Buy from Hold at Sandler O'Neill... Central Pacific (CPF) upgraded to Buy from Hold at Sandler ONeill... Cesca Therapeutics (KOOL) upgraded to Buy from Neutral at H.C. Wainwright... CyberArk (CYBR) upgraded to Buy from Hold at Deutsche Bank... DENTSPLY (XRAY) upgraded to Outperform from Market Perform at William Blair... DeVry (DV) upgraded to Outperform from Market Perform at Barrington... Douglas Emmett (DEI) upgraded to Buy from Neutral at Mizuho... Fly Leasing (FLY) upgraded to Neutral from Underperform at BofA/Merrill... Goldman Sachs (GS) upgraded to Outperform from Perform at Oppenheimer... Integra LifeSciences (IART) upgraded to Buy from Neutral at BofA/Merrill... Invesco (IVZ) upgraded to Overweight from Equal Weight at Morgan Stanley... LTC Properties (LTC) upgraded to Buy from Neutral at Mizuho... Molson Coors (TAP) upgraded to Buy from Hold at Societe Generale... Nokia (NOK) upgraded to Buy ahead of Samsung arbitration at Deutsche Bank... PayPal (PYPL) upgraded to Buy from Hold at Stifel... Shire (SHPG) upgraded to Overweight from Equal Weight at Barclays... Sirona Dental (SIRO) upgraded to Outperform from Market Perform at William Blair... Sonic (SONC) upgraded to Buy from Neutral at Longbow... Sun Life Financial (SLF) upgraded to Buy from Neutral at BofA/Merrill... Taylor Morrison (TMHC) upgraded to Buy from Hold at Deutsche Bank... Telecom Argentina (TEO) upgraded to Neutral from Underperform at BofA/Merrill... Vascular Biogenics (VBLT) upgraded to Outperform from Market Perform at JMP Securities... Yamana Gold (AUY) upgraded to Outperform from Neutral at Credit Suisse... lululemon (LULU) upgraded to Overweight from Equal Weight at Morgan Stanley.
Shire upgraded to Overweight from Equal Weight at Barclays
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Mylan reinstated with an Equal Weight at Barclays
Barclays analyst Douglas Tsao reinstated Mylan (MYL) with an Equal Weight rating and $57 price target. The analyst expects uncertainty around the company's tender offer for Perrigo (PRGO) to weigh on the shares over the near term.
Shire receives European approval for INTUNIV as ADHD treatment
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"Welcome to sunny Lugano" Top 5 Page for this destination Lugano by yumyum
Lugano Travel Guide: 406 reviews and 1,087 photos
I came here in the beginning of November on a day trip by train from Zurich. It was an absolutely beautiful sunny day! I have visited several times over the years but first when I was very little.
Lugano has about 29'000 inhabitants with surrounding areas about 56'000. The name Lugano comes from the latin word "lucus" which means holy forest.
It was first mentioned in the 10 th century. It used to be under Como and Milano dominion before it came under Swiss dominion in 1513. From 1515 until the beginning of the 20th century it hosted one of the most important and popular cattle fairs in Europe. After being a harbour for Italian refugees when Italy fought to unify, there were also independence fights in Ticino. In 1798 the canton Ticino finally gained independence and joined the Swiss confederation.
- In a nutshell:Mediterranean feeling in Switzerland
Reviews (30)
The villa as you can see it today was remodeled from a palazzio from 1840-43. It houses the city art museum, showing... more travel advice
The central post office is a prominent landmark. Please note, that the ATM is right around the building past the kiosk.... more travel advice
This building or buildings belonged to the Maghetti familyand today to a foundation. Today it's like a covered courtyard... more travel advice
Here you can view 19th and 20th century art from the canton Ticino as well as from further afield. The entry fee is... more travel advice
Comments (27)
Hi Sonja, nice page about Lugano! It does indeed look very sunny :-)
The promenade looks lovely!
Your ineresting page brings back nice memories of my visit to Lugano about 15 years ago. It was great to refresh my recollections.
The views on Lake Promenade look great -- nice and sunny! Hope to get a picture by it someday...Norman :)
Tolli Tipp häsch do über Lugano. Miir bliibed meischtens nördlich vum Ceneri, wil mir z'Lumino (nördlich vu Bellinzona) Feriä mached. Grüessli, Peter
I had a lovely walk for a few hours in Lugano in the end of February. It is a beautiful place with the lake and the mountains.
What a lovely page! And yes those truffles sure are expensive. I really like the picture of the colorful fruit & vegetable stand.
What a beautiful town, can just see myself, sitting, relaxing, on the promenade.
In my short visit to Lugano I saw only the fountain and made a promenade near the lake ...that's all ! Wonderful page !
Thank you for visiting and commenting our Switzerland cities & towns pages. Unfortunately we have missed Lugano. But some time in future…
So close to me but never been there :( Thanks for the virtual tour!!! Ciao
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"Just go and enjoy, you never know what's around the next corner"
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xfilesnumber1fan's Mom Answers Activity
I am at 21 weeks and @ 20 weeks they said my baby weighed 14 oz what does you baby weigh?
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I am 20 weeks & 3 days and I am having twins but one is 13 oz and the other is just 6 oz !posted by NEW2K15MOM
I am about 7 weeks pregnant and they can not find a heartbeat. What do I do?
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im so afraid im about 6 to 7 weeks pregnant and i had a drs appointment 2 weeks ago andno heartbeat so i was schedualed to have another a...posted by eleeanorris


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As part of our extensive research for the book, having watched all the US and Australian MAFS shows, we were pleasantly surprised that the show is now being aired here in the UK.
Surprised, because usually, us Brits have a hard time being told what to do, being managed or having things "arranged" for us, especially in the serious and sensitive area of Marriage.
We also frown, mock and in some cases, are embarrassed to admit that we are open to educating and furthering ourselves using self-help media or companion books.
All three versions of the shows have their own unique spin and approach on the subject and I like how the UK version has taken the viewer behind the scenes in the lead-up to the pending weddings.
I was hoping to see more variety in the candidates but that aside, I was not surprised that one of the couples pulled out so early in the process.
It appears that family pressure was the reason behind the withdrawal, which, like I said, is not a surprise for a UK-based project/experiment.
I'm looking forward to seeing how the UK series plays out.
There is obviously a need (in modern-day society) to help singles find their happy balance, between being content in their singleness and open to prospect of sharing their lives in a long-term and hopefully lifetime marriage.
I am not suggesting that the MAFS experiment is for everyone, in my observations, irrespective of ethnicity or colour, It appears to suit a certain demographic.
However, when completed, it's my hope that For Singles and Couples will be something that "men" as well as women will benefit from.
I have a passion to help the older teens, young and mature adults to develop their emotional intelligence and (where they wish) to aid them in forming lifelong commitments in marriages which hopefully last for life.
#marriedforlife #socialexperiment #takingmarriageseriously #approachingmarriagedifferently


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One person dead in Route 22 accident in Murrysville
One person was killed and several people hurt Wednesday night in a multiple-vehicle accident on Route 22 in Murrysville.
The Westmoreland County Department of Public Safety said the crash occurred about 10:40 p.m. near the intersection with Mellon Road.
There were reports of possible entrapment, and the roadway was shut down for an indefinite period. Traffic was backed up for several miles in both directions.
Medical helicopters were summoned to transport the injured to area hospitals.
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Follow the Gophers in Maui
Nov. 23, 2013
Basketball fans unable to make the trip to Maui will now have behind-the-scenes insider access, thanks to remote location production solutions and technology provided by Oomba.tv, a new, innovative live-streaming platform. For the first time ever, fans will be able to watch the teams participate in pre-Tournament activities and postgame press conferences at www.mauiinvitational.com.
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Like a soap opera, a corn maze involves many twists and turns that can culminate in the reappearance of long-lost characters. Embark on unknown plot lines with this Groupon.
Choose Between Two Options
- $15 for a corn maze package for two (up to a $34 total value)
- $29 for a corn maze package for four (up to a $68 total value)
For each person, the package includes:
- One corn-maze ticket (up to a $10 value each)
- One unlimited cow-train-ride pass (a $5 value each)
- Apple cider and a doughnut (a $2 value each)
Maize Quest
Hugh the Maze Master and the team at Maize Quest Fun Park believes that mazes are a great metaphor for life: we're all on a journey, sometimes we feel lost, but, through it all, we persist in the face of defeat. For the last 15 years, Maize Quest has followed this philosophy, evolving from a single-attraction corn maze to a full-scale seasonal fun park with more than 25 attractions. The maze's theme changes each year, with past labyrinths honoring Wild West gunslingers, Egyptian pharaohs, and prehistoric dinosaurs.
Before or after navigating the corn-walled corridors, visitors can entertain themselves at other stations such as the bamboo forest or the cow train—a line of cow-themed cars pulled by a tractor or a team of steam-powered steers. Maize Quest holds birthday parties year-round, with groups blowing out candles in both the indoor party room and outdoor event space. The maze is also open for events for large groups such as scout troops, youth groups, and vacationing scarecrows.
97% of 434 customers recommend
"Totally worth the 45 minute drive! Staff (young) isn't quite as knowledgeable/helpful/friendly as I would have liked at a place like this, but that didn't damper our fun."
"Try not to go in the rain Still a good time, but better dry"
"Great place! Our son had a fantastic time! Be prepared to spend at least half a day there and wear comfortable shoes and bring your phone fully charged or a portable..."
"Great place! Our son had a fantastic time! Be prepared to spend at least half a day there and wear comfortable shoes and bring your phone fully charged or a portable battery pack if you plan to utilize the online GPS tracker while in the maze."
2885 New Park Rd.
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Comment Unique? (Score 1) 78
By "as unique as fingerprints", I assume then mean "not very unique".
By "as unique as fingerprints", I assume then mean "not very unique".
What people want from a streaming service is every movie, every TV episode, and every piece of music ever made at any any point in history, anywhere in the world, at a modest fee.
Netflix certainly wasn't that, but it was trying to be. If it's going to stop even trying, then they're just driving people back to BitTorrent. Because that's what BitTorrent is, and it's free.
Until people are given what they want at a fair price, they will continue to find it elsewhere.
I think that counts as two toppings.
"Natural selection is not evolution" is actually correct. Evolution is the observed fact that species change over time. The fact that evolution has occurred is not really open to debate, unless you're prepared to entertain loony notions like "God put those fossils there to test our faith."
Natural selection is the mechanism that Darwin proposed to explain why/how evolution happens.
An AK-47 receiver made out of a rusty shovel:
Perhaps the problem is that the receiver is the legally-controlled part of the gun. Everything else is spare parts. Making receivers is easy now.
I'm no expert, but it seems to me that making a barrel is the hardest part. Why isn't the barrel the controlled part?
Sure, I can hide the origin so it's not obvious where the money came from. So, if I'm a high-school chemistry teacher, and I used this bit-coin trick to "launder" the millions of dollars I made selling meth, then can I just go out and buy a mansion and fleet of Lamborghinis, and expect to stay out of jail? I think not...
Perhaps I just don't understand what "money laundering" means, but I don't really see how bit-coin is of any use whatsoever for money laundering.
Money-laundering, as I understand it, means to disguise the true origin of ill-gotten funds, so as to make the income appear legitimate.
I think there's confusion in the two different means of the word "disguise". In one sense, it means simply to hide or obscure. In another sense, it means to make something or someone appear to be something else.
Bank robbers wear a disguise in the first sense. A bank-robber doesn't wear a Richard Nixon mask because he wants people to think Richard Nixon robbed the bank. He just doesn't want to be identified in a line-up. This is the same kind of disguise that bit-coin offers. And even in that, it doesn't really stand up.
But I think people interested in money-laundering are using the other sense of the word: they want to be able to actually spend their ill-gotten gains without arousing suspicion. They need to make it look like legitimate income. That is why Walter White bought a car-wash.
Merely obscuring the true origin of your money is useless. If the government is even a tiny bit curious about the true origin of your money, you're already well and truly fucked, whether or not they can ever figure it out.
Your joke is too subtle without a reference.
In another sense, China is a province of Taiwan. It just happens to be under the control of a band of rebels at present.
There are no La Brea Tar Pits in Scotland!!
So, in Iceland accidentally sleeping with your cousin in a very real danger. That explains some things... like Bjork.
And you'll keep on researching it, until you give us the answer we want.
I don't know much about gun technology, so maybe somebody can explain why the lower receiver is the controlled part. Why not the barrel? It seems to me that the barrel is the heart and soul of a gun. You can make a gun with just a barrel and nothing else: it's called a cannon.
Furthermore, I would think the barrel would be the hardest part to manufacture, given the forces and temperatures it must endure, and having to be perfectly straight, and rifled. I would imagine that 3-D printed barrels are probably a long, long way off.
3-D printed receivers are already here, and only going to get better and cheaper. If they don't change the regulatory framework to start controlling the rest of the parts, then soon anyone that wants to will be able to make a gun at home and all the gun control laws in the world will just be so much pissing in the wind.
COMPASS [for the CDC-6000 series] is the sort of assembler one expects from a corporation whose president codes in octal. -- J.N. Gray


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Ramp Up ASP.NET for PHP: Web Configuration VB.NET
Download Now
Date Added: Nov 2009
Format: Podcast
Many web sites benefit from settings that span multiple pages within the site. This module will introduce web configuration files, which are a great way to store this type of information. This is the VB.NET code-cast.


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"All those guys weren't sitting here a year ago as the plan," Bowden said. "They weren't there. So we've made really good progress in what the long-term plan is. Since Stan and the Lerners took over, it has been two years, and our development system continues to get better. Our young players at the big league level continue to get better, and it's right on target as to what Stan wanted to accomplish when he and the Lerners took over."
Only the most ardent (and patient) fans, though, are likely to find the silver linings in an otherwise downtrodden season.
How, then, do the Nationals convince a casual fan base that sees only the poor winning percentage that actual progress is taking place?
"You have to win at this level for that to happen," Bowden said. "But I think certainly the e-mails we get from fans, they understand the progress that we've made and the direction we're going in. Everyone has been up front with the fans from the very beginning, and they understand. Does anyone like losing 90 games? No, nobody likes that."


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rites to dictation. Am I to bring in my box? It's at the door."
This made Pym sit down again. "You didn't know what an amanuensis was when you answered my advertisement," he said.
"As soon as I got to London," Tommy answered, "I went into a bookseller's shop, pretending I wanted to buy a dictionary, and I looked the word up."
"Bring in your box," Pym said, with a groan.
But it was now Tommy's turn to hesitate. "Have you noticed," he asked awkwardly, "that I sometimes whistle?"
"Don't tell me," said Pym, "that you have a dog out there."
"It's not a dog," Tommy replied cautiously.
Pym had resumed his seat at the table and was once more toying with his pen. "Open the door," he commanded, "and let me see what you have brought with you."
Tommy obeyed gingerly, and then Pym gaped, for what the open door revealed to him was a tiny roped box with a girl of twelve sitting on it. She was dressed in some dull-coloured wincey, and looked cold and patient and lonely,
Cara Devon has always suffered curiosity and im... Read more
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Frazz1es Virgin Sangria
By Joyce De Angelis frazz1es
This is great for those who dont drink as well as a fun drink for kids at a party or a baby shower. Please enjoy this one and share.
1 bottle
2 liter cherry crush soda
1/2 gal
strawberry/orange/banana juice
limes washed then slice thin and cut in half
seedless oranges washed and slice thin and in half
bag of seedless green grapes
bag of seedless red grapes
huge punch bowl filled with ice cubes
Directions Step-By-Step
1put ice in a punch bowl.
wash and slice limes and oranges
wash all grapes
add all fruit into punch bowl
add all liquids
2stir and enjoy~~~
3the best is to save fruit in remaining juice for next day (if you are lucky to have anything left over)eat the fruit and you will have a nice surprise...
ALL fruit will taste like soda/juice and it is just heavenly!!!
About this Recipe
Course/Dish: Punches, Non-Alcoholic Drinks
Other Tags: Quick & Easy, For Kids
You May Also Like:
1 Comment
Jun 26, 2012 - Stormy Stewart shared this recipe with discussion groups: A HALLOWEEN/SAMHAIN TRADITION Magic in the Kitchen Gifts from the Pantry Heriloom Recipes HOLIDAY GOODIES holiday recipes Kid-Friendly and Fun Kids in the Kitchen Movie's and Movie Treats Unique Recipes and Tips USA State Recipes Weddings, Showers, and Party Recipes/Ideas


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Actor Gary Coleman released from hospital after seizure
LOS ANGELES — Gary Coleman's agent says the "Diff'rent Strokes" actor is fine after a slight seizure sent him to a Los Angeles hospital for less than a day.
Agent Robert Malcolm says the 41-year-old Coleman was released from a Los Angeles hospital Wednesday night. He was taken there by ambulance earlier in the day after feeling faint and vomiting at a hotel.
Malcolm says he returned to the hotel after his release and planned to go home later Thursday.
Coleman, who has had two failed kidney transplants, was in town to meet with producers of his latest film, "Midgets vs. Mascots." Coleman says he wants them to remove a brief scene of frontal nudity that he did not authorize.
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I want to create a a main process in BPMN(High level BPMN) that has several sub process and I want to hide them from the modeler,that is I will provide only the main process for the modeler. For ex.In a customer registration process I will provide the him only to see an icon called "Customer Registration". Underlying processes will not be visible to him. I'm going to use existing BPMN for this process and will develop an addin for visio.Will that be possible?How can I do this? Is there any way to simulate a BPMN digram that is drawn in visio other that Rockwell Arena?
Thank you. Regards, Nilani.


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trooper pooper
'Troopergate' Investigation To Wrap Up Before Anyone Involved Testifies
For further proof of just how bumblefuck a state Alaska is, look no further than the ease with which a couple of lawyers for the McCain campaign have destroyed the Troopergate investigation — which was a legitimate issue in Alaska for a while! — after half-assedly skimming off a few handy topic sentences from the Alaskan law code. Todd Palin and several other witnesses were subpoenaed to testify this morning, but no one bothered to show up, and the investigators don't give a shit. And now the Alaskan legislator in charge of the investigation has announced that the probe will end, as originally scheduled, on October 10, without these key witness reports, cuz whatcha gonna do? Read more on 'Troopergate' Investigation To Wrap Up Before Anyone Involved Testifies…
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Looking for a Used Maxima in your area?
CarGurus has 21,163 nationwide Maxima listings starting at $399.
Average User Score
4.5 ⁄ 5 stars
Based on 38 reviews
1996 Nissan Maxima by Murray — For what it is....a mid-level, modestly-priced Japanese 4-door sedan....the Maxima is an impressive car; and doesn't receive half the credit it deserves. Manual transmission models from 1995-2003 were... Read More
Keep Looking As Brand New!!! by Javier — I own this since 2005 and It has more than 100,000 miles I thought I was going to have so many difficulties but far from that this car keep running without a major problem. I only keep doing the re... Read More
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Looking for a Used Maxima in your area?
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removing the car alarm
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text:
Tagged: Jason Thompson
Derrick Williams embracing new reserve role with Sacramento Kings
The former No. 2 pick is taking his new job off the Kings bench in stride.
Road Reaction Postgame Show: Atlanta Hawks 124, Sacramento Kings 107
The Kings fall apart to the Hawks in the fourth quarter.
Sacramento Kings vets coping with specter of trade speculation
A tough season for Jason Thompson and Marcus Thornton has been mired in trade rumors.
Game 24 Preview: Sacramento Kings at Atlanta Hawks
Kings try to right the ship in Atlanta
Road Reaction Postgame Show: Charlotte Bobcats 95, Sacramento Kings 87
The Kings lose the first of a four-game road trip.
Game 23 Preview: Sacramento Kings at Charlotte Bobcats
Kings begin a four-game east coast trip in Charlotte.
CK Press Box Report: Sacramento Kings 106, Houston Rockets 91
In his home debut, Rudy Gay leads the Kings to an upset over the Rockets.
Sunday Musings: Looking deeper at the Rudy Gay trade
Sacramento Kings draw the ire of advance statistic community with Rudy Gay trade
Game 22 Preview: Sacramento Kings vs. Houston Rockets
Previewing today's match-up between the Kings and Rockets.
Road Reaction Postgame Show: Phoenix Suns 116, Sacramento Kings 107
Rudy Gay scores efficiently, but Kings lose in his debut.


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Outstanding performance from a host of jaw-dropping features
Performance: AFeatures: A+Ease of Use: B-Price: APros: Can act as a wireless router; has super fast 4G speeds; HDMI port.Cons: Difficult to learn all functions; devices might cause some security concerns.Reviewer's Choice
Although the Sprint HTC Evo did not receive four straight A's, the Evo is hands-down a Reviewer's Choice winner in this roundup because of two crucial things: the device's bountiful jaw-dropping features and the outstanding performance of those features on the device.
Read reviews of the iPhone 4, the Palm Pre Plus and the Samsung Captivate.
For starters, the Evo can act like a wireless router. For an extra $29 per month, Sprint will activate that feature, which provides instant Internet access for as many as five computers. Did I mention that access is at 4G speeds? The Evo is the only 4G mobile device in the roundup, and the difference between its speed and other devices' 3G speed is significant — we're talking seconds versus minutes on large data transfers from the Web.
According to Sprint, download speeds for 4G are as much as 10 times faster, which equates to 600 kilobits/sec for 3G and 6 megabits/sec for 4G. Sprint claims that average 3G speeds range from 600 kilobits/sec to 1.7 megabits/sec, while 4G can average 3 megabits/sec to 6 megabits/sec.
Because Sprint is in the process of upgrading its network with 4G capabilities, not every U.S. city is 4G-ready. However, I had no problem finding a 4G city on the East Coast in recent weeks, and I live in Charlotte, N.C., which isn't a major metropolitan market. If you're outside a city, good luck finding 4G, but the Evo is retro-compatible to 3G, so you'll still have fast Web capabilities, just not blazing fast.
Upgrading to 4G has serious perks, such as the ability to do unfettered multitasking on your mobile device just like you would on your home computer. I was able to stream a movie while making a phone call, or surf the Internet while downloading large media files. The 4G network is so fast and the Evo is so powerful that you can launch a streaming video app and broadcast it live to anyone on the Internet in high quality.
Like the iPhone, the Evo has two cameras so that you can videoconference with the appropriate app. HTC also includes a high-definition camcorder on the back of the device in addition to an HDMI port so that you can connect it to a flat-screen display.
One real-life work application that would be handy to my company is using this device to collect customers' opinions about a new product or innovation that my company is releasing, then replaying the highlights from the impromptu field analysis in front of my managers on one of our conference room flat-screen TVs.
Speaking of flat screens, the Evo has the largest and most impressive 4.3-inch WVGA resolution capacitive multi-touch screen. It's nicer than many 40-inch home LCD TVs I've reviewed.
At a price of $450 without a contract or $200 with a two-year Sprint contract, the Evo is a steal, considering that the sum of its parts are worth more than the whole. And measuring 4.8 inches by 2.6 inches by 0.5 inches and weighing 6 ounces with a battery, it feels bulky. That is until you realize there is 1G of ROM, 512M of RAM and an 8G microSD card included in the device, all powered by a beast of a 1 GHz Qualcomm processor running Android 2.2. Not to mention there is an 8-megapixel camera with Auto Focus, a 2x LED flash and a 1.3-megapixel fixed-focus front-facing camera.
In short, this mobile device is like having Best Buy in your pocket
Despite my noticeable excitement over the mobile device, there are some drawbacks, and I am not talking about the limited 4G network because that's just a natural growing pain. First, the device's battery life is good, unless you use the 4G. I had to charge daily when using the 4G. Every other day, I had to charge when connected via private Wi-Fi or 3G.
Second, the Evo would be a logistical nightmare for many agencies, particularly those with stringent security policies, because of how hard it is to track the data going in and out of the machine.
Finally, the Android operating system is not for the faint of heart or the short on time or patience. It's a mini-computer with its own operating system. And it does so much that it makes a BlackBerry look like an Etch A Sketch. Because the device provides the ability to multitask, you as the user must learn how to turn off redundant or unused applications to avoid bogging down the processor. And there are multiple ways to turn an application off, which is what makes Android so hard to pick up at first.
But despite those hitches, HTC's Evo is as close to the perfect mobile device as it gets for now.
HTC Corp., www.HTC.com
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I mostly agree with your review. I do take issue with the 'not for the faint of heart' comment. My wife and I got rid of our iPhones and got EVO 4G's. We are doing just fine and haven't opened a manual even once.
Great review for a amazing phone the Evo made me return my iphone4 to at&t and now I am Sprint happy evo customer.
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Written on: 20/02/2011
I have had this car from new and have had constant problems with steaming up when cold or raining.Told by the garage there was not aproblem.complained to Vauxhall direct who then found the the floor had never been sealed.They then sealed the floor but I still have the problem and have had three years of hell evertime there is a wet road or cold morning.thank God I am selling it… Read Full Review
Written on: 30/04/2006 by hatter1951 (5 reviews written)
The Vauxhall Corsa Club my first brand new car.
Interior trim is good. Performance is good. Roomy passenger cabin. Good view from driver's position. Good overall driving position.
When less than 6 months old, we took this car from home to Normandy in France with 4 adults in. Whilst not as comfortable as a Roller, it did its job, even if luggage space was restricted. There is adequate leg-room for all and plenty of room for bored passengers to shuffle around in their seat. It's small enough to… Read Full Review
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Artists featured on la Bienal and "September is Flamenco" such as Juana la del Pipa, David Lagos, La Macanita or Juan Requena join the Fundación Cajasol program.
Farruquito, Antonio Reyes and Miguel Ángel Cortés, plus Argentina, Esperanza Fernández or José Valencia, at the XXXV Festival Flamenco Joaquín el de la Paula.
Due to its contribution to the performing arts, it can be visited at la Bienal's headquarters, Espacio Santa Clara.
You can now remember those 13 nights of flamenco hosted by iconic venues around the city on a video.
Granada-born bailaora was awarded with a "Premios Max" precisely for this piece, that we will enjoy on Sunday at Teatro de la Maestranza.
After being sold out during la Bienal, José de la Tomasa and Manolo Franco will perform again with Orquesta Barroca de Sevilla, this time with the full Orchestra.
The venue hosted the artists awarded in la Bienal 2014 with a 'sold out' night that pleased the crowd.
Antonio Rey, Ana Morales and Rancapino Chico accompanied Isabel Ojeda and Cristóbal Ortega on the presentation of these shows, hosted by Espacio Santa Clara.
Patio de la Montería will witness nights of cante, baile and toque, featuring young talents and renonwned artists.
This venue, reopened for flamenco after 14 years of closure, will be one of the places to enjoy "September is Flamenco".
Since May 20th until June 9th, 20 different schools took their students to Santa Clara to know more about flamenco art and cultural heritage.
You can now live again this new series of shows, in video.The Giraldillos Gala, in video
The artists awarded in la Bienal 2014 opened the "September is Flamenco" series of shows with a great night that we can remember in this video.


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HN-APOL031 Apollo Athletics
Apollo Athletics Treadmill/Elliptical Trainer MatItem # HN-APOL031
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