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Cliff Avril and other Lions celebrate a sack during a game against Chicago on Dec. 5 / KIRTHMON F. DOZIER / DFP
If you didn't follow the NFL lockout on a day-to-day basis, and don't fully understand the complicated negotiations, the economic issues, the competitive concerns, the bitterness and the long-term ramifications, I will sum up all the important points:
1. It ended.
Now that we have that out of the way: Welcome back, Lions!
And for once, I say that without a hint of sarcasm. People are actually excited about the Lions this year, and not just in the usual, delusional, "Hey, maybe if those 17 guys who have always stunk suddenly get good, we can go .500!" sort of way. The Lions have a plan. They have talent. They have ... hope.
What they do not have, yet, is a true contending team. But they should at least be competitive. And as the NFL condenses its entire off-season into 342 seconds, the Lions have to evaluate all the free agents, including their own. This is not easy to pull off, but neither was losing 121 games in 10 years.
This is when we start to find out if the Lions are really smart, if they are simply competent and that looks smart by Lions' standards. Conveniently, this 342-second free-agency period brings a wonderful little test for the Lions.
The best player on this free-agent market is Nnamdi Asomugha. His name is pronounced ... um, just like it's spelled. Anyway, Asomugha is a true shutdown cornerback, maybe the best in the league. Nobody really knows how good he is, because opposing quarterbacks rarely threw in his direction and he spent large chunks of games filing his nails. He is 30 years old.
Conveniently for our test, the Lions desperately need a cornerback. This is not a secret. I know it, you know it, and of course the Lions coaches must know it. They have not broken up a pass in three years.
The question, then: Should they go after Asomugha?
Remember: They need a corner desperately. He is the best in the business. And so, the answer is ... no. They should not go after Asomugha. It wouldn't be the worst signing in the world -- he is a wonderful player. But he has shown no real interest in coming to Detroit. The Lions would have to be the clear top bidder to get him, which means they would either be wasting their time pursuing him or wasting money to beat all other offers.
There have been no indications that the Lions are a serious player for Asomugha. (For all I know, by the time you read this, Asomugha will have signed with the Jets, or perhaps the Redskins, or possibly the Yankees. NEVER count out the Yankees.)
This is encouraging, for one reason: Signing Asomugha would make the Lions one of the most talked-about teams in the NFL. They would have a fierce defensive line and an All-Pro corner. Fans would understandably go nuts -- I bet the Lions would sell out most of their season very quickly if they signed him.
But these Lions aren't going for buzz or public-relations bumps. They are trying to be patient and disciplined. Signing a cheaper corner to go with a linebacker and one or two other contributors makes more football sense.
They should also sign Brett Favre, because as part of the new collective bargaining agreement, everybody must sign Brett Favre. Then they can get on with trying to build a playoff team. I don't know if they will get it done. But I like the way they're trying to do it.
Contact Michael Rosenberg: 313-222-6052 or firstname.lastname@example.com. Follow him on Twitter @rosenberg_mike.


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The Fall Guy: Season 1, Episode 19
Charlie (7 Apr. 1982)
Ratings: 7.4/10 from 38 users
Reviews: write review
While attending a stunt mans' convention, Colt reunites with a stunt woman named Charlie whom he worked with before. When Charlie's brother shows up, he claims to be in trouble but before ... See full summary »
Director:Daniel Haller
Writers:Glen A. Larson (created by), David Braff, 1 more credit »
Stars:Lee Majors, Douglas Barr, Heather Thomas | See full cast and crew »
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subset: commoncrawl


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See All Contributors »
Type: Posts; User: CycoCyclone; Keyword(s):
who got his spot?
I'm not honestly sure anyone on the KU sidelines knew all the rules of NCAA FB.
I think ISU beats Texas and maybe one more.
That's a **** show and he should pay for it. Travis burned a bridge today
SR is not Seneca ******* Wallace
I used to say South Endzone....but now I guess it'll have to be pay off the house and car, then invest like a mofo
Because I'm ******* crazy over the clones
Every down, the O line lets the d line come at them. ISU relies on the ability to direct that dlineman.
If Sam was EVER under center, we could really let the O line tee off, but that's...
Was it during a play? Kickoff? we're missing a lot of details. It's one thing to not move, but quite another if the 60 yr olds weren't paying attention to activity on the field.
God damn, terrible week at Iowa
Always take the lead and trust your d to get a score
Whoa, RIP #9
You cannot scramble on 3rd and long, you must throw down field
Michigan @ Utah (-5.5)
TCU (-14.5) @ Minnesota
BYU @ Nebraska (-7)
Texas @ Notre Dame (-9.5)
Ohio State (-12) @ Virginia Tech
Iowa State (-8) vs. UNI
Tiebreaker (total points scored in UNI @...
As a homer, I WANT this to be the case
kind of a bitchy move to rename your alma mater
There's no real winners here without hurting the little leaguers. The coaches should be stripped of all affiliations.
sincere question, how does a guy go pro when he can't get playing time on his college team?
me likey
It's a compliment that our coaches and ADs get mentioned in searches like this.
IMHO, there's no way he jumps back to the B1G for a gig that rates 4th in the home market.
insert rimshot
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Financial Provision for our loans
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May the loan we are asking have victory over us in God hands so we will be able to move in our home as one of God family home Emmit Quintez, Sarahnell and Davida Larissa will grow more in it for our love can continue with God to continue to guide our live to keep following him in our trust rely in God Jezreel so we can grow.
May 20, 2011 at 08:09 PM [ Ignore ] [ # 1 ]
30 Posts
I declare victory right now Jesus over everyone's financial problems that you will send us all a financial breakthrough and answer our prayers through all of this. I declare, decree, prophesize with authority that it will be alright.
In Jesus Name I pray Amen!!!
May 19, 2011 at 01:09 PM [ Ignore ] [ # 2 ]
havre de grace
1 Posts
To all who are praying for their SUPERNATURAL FINANCIAL BREAKTHROUGH.
Heavenly Father, in Jesus Name and on the authority of Your Holy Word,
We call our debts paid in full. Debt, we speak to you in Jesus Name: be paid and be gone
Dematerialize and cease to exist. We now declare that ALL debts, mortgages, and notes
are paid in full, cancelled, or dissolved. We pray in Jesus Holy Name with thanksgiving
My God makes all grace abound toward me in every favor and earthly blessing, so that I have all sufficiency for all things and I abound to every good work. 2 Corinthians 9:8
God delights in my prosperity. He gives me power to get wealth that He may establish His covenant upon earth. Deuteronomy 8:18, 11:12
The Lord rebukes the devourer for my sake, no weapon that is form against me will prosper. All obstacles and hindrances to my prosperity are now dissolved. Malachi 3:10-11 John 10:10
Jesus forgive any words we may have spoken of doubt and negativity. Renew our minds and attitude about your provision for our real needs. Your word says if we sow sparingly, we will reap sparingly.Help us to see if we are holding back what we need to share. Let us become a channel of your abundance. You are able and willing to make all grace come toward us, not so we will indulge ourselves, but so we will have more than enough in all things so we can give and do and help every good work. Thank you and Amen
May 18, 2011 at 12:25 PM [ Ignore ] [ # 3 ]
2 Posts
For all who pray with me thank you I know Blessing and breakthrough, and favor is on the way.
Thank you LOrd for the miracles… transfer of blessing…
May 18, 2011 at 08:07 AM [ Ignore ]


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Lazio 2-0 Frosinone
Substitute Keita Balde Diao scored his first Serie A goal of the season in the 80th minute to help Lazio remain perfect at home with a 2-0 win over Frosinone on Sunday.
The Spanish forward controlled Filip Djordjevic's pass in the box and fired a right-footed shot that hit the far post before finding the back of the net.
Frosinone had been close to breaking the deadlock in the 66th minute but Leonardo Blanchard's header struck the crossbar.
Lazio doubled their lead at the death when Frosinone goalkeeper...


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AR6110E Mini 6-CH Receiver for SPEKTRUM DX6i, DX7, DX7 SE, DSX7, DSX9
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1-to-3 2.4GHz Wireless Waterproof Surveillance Security Cameras w/ 27-IR LED Night Vision - Black
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USB 2.0 300Mbps Wireless Network Adaper w/ Antenna - Black
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it comes with a convenient remote control. An added feature is the USB flash disk support that's expandable to 16 GB.
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Mini Handheld Rechargeable 72-Key Bluetooth V2.0 Wireless Keyboard - Black
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2.4GHz 802.11b/g/n 300Mbps USB 2.0 Wi-Fi WLAN Network Adapter w/ Built-in 2dBi Antenna - Light Grey
receive type: 2T2R
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433MHz 3~4km Long Range sx1278 Radio Modem Network Module w/ UART/TTL Interface
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LB-LINK BL-LW05-5R2 Mini 150Mbps IEEE802.11b/g/n USB 2.0 Wireless Wi-Fi Adapter - Black
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BK102 Foldable Bluetooth V2.0 85-Key Silicone Flexible Keyboard - Black + White
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LB-LINK BL-LW05-H3F1 Outdoor 150Mbps 802.11b/g/n USB 2.0 Wi-Fi Wireless Network Adapter - White
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Healthy Siegrist has delivered as Cards' setup man
For St. Louis Cardinals reliever Kevin Siegrist, the club's dip into the trade market for bullpen reinforcements could be looked upon as a slap in the face. After all, Siegrist lead the Majors with 54 appearances, and his bullpen buddy Seth Maness is right behind him with 53 appearances. Considering the Cardinals own the best pen in baseball, well, those guys have done a bang-up...
Via Fox Sports
August 03, 2015 | Discuss
Cardinals: The Resurgence of Kevin Siegrist
In the middle of the St. Louis Cardinals' season that has been marked by stellar pitching, Kevin Siegrist's return to dominance hasn't been talked about enough. Welcome to the life of a bullpen arm who doesn't happen to be the closer. Like offensive linemen in the NFL, bullpen arms are required medication if not prescription. They protect, hold or maintain a game's score...
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July 07, 2015 | Discuss
Cardinals Injury Update: Kevin Siegrist left off roster with arm issues
The St. Louis Cardinals enter Game 1 of the NLDS tonight against the Los Angeles Dodgers. Adam Wainwright goes for the Cardinals against Clayton Kershaw, in what should be a pitching battle between the top two Cy Young Award candidates in the National League. On the injury front, left-handed reliever Kevin Siegrist will be left off the roster with arm issues. #453713720 ...
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October 03, 2014 | Discuss
Kevin Siegrist Headed To Memphis; Carlos Martinez To St. Louis
The St. Louis Cardinals have made a roster adjustment after Kevin Siegrist got roughed up against the San Diego Padres this week. Combine his ineffectiveness with Carlos Martinez and his continued success at Memphis and the move becomes a simple one. The team issued the following press release this morning: ST. LOUIS, MO (August 17, 2014) – The St. Louis Cardinals recalled...
Via i70baseball
August 17, 2014 | Discuss
Cardinals activate Siegrist from DL
ST. LOUIS -- The St. Louis Cardinals have activated lefty reliever Kevin Siegrist from the 15-day disabled list and optioned rookie lefty Nick Greenwood to Triple-A Memphis. Siegrist had been on the DL for two months with a left forearm strain. In five rehab appearances with Double-A Springfield, he allowed no runs in 4 2/3 innings. In his most recent outing Monday, he worked 1 1...
Via Fox Sports Midwest
July 23, 2014 | Discuss
Cards Activate LHP Kevin Siegrist From DL
LEFTY RELIEVER NICK GREENWOOD OPTIONED TO MEMPHIS (AAA) ST. LOUIS, Mo., July 23, 2014 – The St. Louis Cardinals announced today that they have activated left-handed pitcher Kevin Siegrist (left forearm strain) from the 15-day disabled list and optioned left-handed pitcher Nick Greenwood to Memphis (AAA). Siegrist, who went on the disabled list May 24, appeared in five games...
Via The Cardinal Conclave
July 23, 2014 | Discuss
Cardinals Injury Update: Kevin Siegrist expects to start rehab soon
The St. Louis Cardinals entered a three-game series on Monday with the Pittsburgh Pirates with a record of 47-42, third in the National League Central. The Cardinals remain within striking distance of the Milwaukee Brewers behind a pitching staff that is 7th in the league in ERA. There is some good news on the injury front which shoulder further bolster the staff in the second...
Via Sports Injury Alert
July 08, 2014 | Discuss
Cardinals Injury Update: Kevin Siegrist (forearm tightness) to DL
The St Louis Cardinals placed left-handed reliever Kevin Siegrist on the 15-day DL with forearm discomfort and called up lefty Sam Freeman from Triple-A Memphis, reports Adam Berry of MLB.com.Cardinals general manager John Mozeliak said the injury did not appear to be elbow-related. Siegrist has been prescribed a period of therapy and rest.#490889329 / gettyimages.comMozeliak described...
Via Sports Injury Alert
May 24, 2014 | Discuss
St. Louis Cardinals: The search for the next Kevin Siegrist or Matt Adams
I have been in draft mode lately, writing up reports on every single player the Cardinals signed from the 2013 draft. I got to thinking, which late round pick has the best chance to make it to the major leagues? The Cardinals have done a fine job lately of identifying and coaching up late rounders. Late round picks are very inexpensive and can bring a great return on investment....
Via Cardinals Farm
January 12, 2014 | Discuss
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Originally posted on Fox Sports North | Last updated 5/30/14
NEW YORK (AP) -- Ricky Nolasco pitched six solid innings for his first win in more than a month, Oswaldo Arcia homered and threw out a runner at home plate, and the Minnesota Twins flexed some muscle in beating the New York Yankees 6-1 Friday night. Josh Willingham and Trevor Plouffe also connected against Vidal Nuno (1-2) for the light-hitting Twins, winners for the second time in eight games. Texas and Kanas City were the only American League teams to enter Friday with fewer homers than the Twins' 39. Kurt Suzuki and former Yankees infielder Eduardo Nunez had RBI singles in the eighth, giving Minnesota its highest run total since scoring eight against Boston on May 13. Nolasco (3-5) has struggled in his first AL season of a nine-year career. He had not won since April 24, a span of six starts. But the right-hander was effectively wild in keeping New York from making any solid contact. Facing the Yankees for the first time in 240 big league games -- 223 starts -- Nolasco gave up a ...
PLAYERS: Ricky Nolasco, Oswaldo Arcia, Josh Willingham, Trevor Plouffe, Vidal Nuno, Kurt Suzuki, Eduardo Nunez, Aaron Hicks, Jacoby Ellsbury, Derek Jeter, Brett Gardner, Brian Roberts, Solarte Yangervis, Carlos Beltran, Shawn Kelley, Ron Gardenhire, Mike Pelfrey, Sam Fuld, Kevin Correia, Masahiro Tanaka
TEAMS: Minnesota Twins, New York Yankees, Tampa Bay Rays
TEAMS: Minnesota Twins, New York Yankees, Tampa Bay Rays
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Home > Industrial Barcode Scanner > Cordless Barcode Scanner > Intermec SF51 > 825-173-002
by Intermec
Description:Chest Strap Holder
The part number 825-173-002 is associated with the Intermec SF51.
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Nails LovelyRead MoreThis nail salon puts cleanliness and health first, providing your nails with the care they deserve. You can make your nails an accessory to your outfit with a nail care treatment from this salon, such as no-chip gel manicures, pedicures, manicures, and nail art. This salon offers a wide array of services, all of which are available by appointment only. On a budget? Check out this establishment's reasonably-priced spa services and keep your spending to a minimum. Nails Lovely offers a wide variety of payment options, including payment by major credit card. For a nail salon that's safe and stylish, Nails Lovely is at the top of its game.1667 17th Ave EShakopee, MN US
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Animal advocates have been given an epic reason to cheer this week with the introduction of landmark legislation that could end the suffering of millions of animals who are unnecessarily tortured and killed to test the safety of cosmetics in the U.S.
The Humane Cosmetics Act (H.R. 4148), which was introduced by Rep. Jim Moran, will make it illegal to conduct or commission animal testing for cosmetics after a one year phase in, which will be followed by a ban on the interstate sale of products and ingredients that were made using animal testing after three years.
"The U.S. can and should phase out the use of animals in cosmetic safety testing. Not only are animal-based tests fundamentally inhumane, they also rely on outmoded science that can fail to accurately predict safety for humans," said Rep. Moran in a statement. "This legislation would encourage the use of testing alternatives that are more effective and cheaper to conduct, helping the American cosmetic industry remain the dominant, and humane, leader in the global cosmetics market."
How Things Currently Stand
Even though animal testing is not required by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or the Product Safety Commission in the U.S., and despite the fact that alternatives to animal testing exist, many companies continue to test their products and ingredients on animals. In fact, the FDA leaves it up to companies to substantiate the safety of their own products and recalls are left entirely up to manufacturers.
According to the Environmental Working Group, "89 percent of all ingredients in cosmetics have not been evaluated for safety by any publicly accountable institution."
The number of products labeled "cruelty-free" or "not tested on animals" might make it seem like we're making progress, but those labels can be misleading because "cruelty-free" isn't technically, or legally, defined. Products that are simply labeled as "not tested on animals" or "cruelty-free" may have been tested by other companies, in other countries, at the ingredient level or at certain stages of development.
Because the Animal Welfare Act does not require that all laboratory animal use in the U.S. be reported, we may never know exactly how many animals died because of a new product, but numbers are estimated to be in the millions. Not only are we not required to test on animals, but conflicting legislation could mean millions more would be senselessly experimented on and killed.
The U.S. Is Falling Behind Global Progress
While hundreds of ethical companies have pledged not to test on animals, a number of other countries have already taken steps to end animal testing for cosmetics proving that it's an unethical and unnecessary practice that belongs in the past.
The European Union's ban on the testing and marketing of animal-tested cosmetics and ingredients, which was enacted in 2013, was a major milestone for animals in labs and has set the stage for other countries to follow. Israel and Norway followed suit and were joined by India last year. According to Cruelty Free International, Korea, Brazil and ASEAN are also taking steps to end cosmetics testing on animals. In June, China will end its mandatory animal testing requirement for imported cosmetics.
With global markets closing their doors to products that have been tested on animals, a move by the U.S. would not only be an ethically sound one, but will also allow companies here to continue to compete.
With the availability of data on thousands of ingredients that have already been proven safe, advances in technology and growing consumer demand for cruelty-free products, there's no reason for the U.S. to lag behind on this issue. Now our lawmakers need to hear from us.
Please sign and share the petition urging your representative to support and co-sponsor the Humane Cosmetics Act and take a minute to contact them directly.
To find animal-friendly products already on the market, visit gocrueltyfree.org.
Read more: animal cruelty, animal experiments, animal rights, animal testing, cosmetics, fda, humane cosmetics act, lab animals, rep moran, u.s., vivisection
Photo credit: Thinkstock
thanks for the article.
signed, thanks for sharing :)
It should of been banned years ago. We are supposed to be intelligent beings. We should of come up with something already.
I totally agree - It's about time!
"Researchers" who are vivisectionists have been exposed to have no credentials, no education, and no value to society. Many of the ones hired are actually criminals who could find no other job.
Thanks for sharing. Signed
testers using animals have no heart. they should be used for the tests instead or the poor animals
This would be the most wonderful news if this bill passed!
Stop animal testing.
Signed petition.
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A rapper in Montgomery County Pennsylvania who is charged with drug trafficking may see his own lyrics used against him in his drug trial, according to prosecutors. Karim Ali Howard, 20, of Worcester, PA is being held on $125,000 bail. Earlier this month, authorities seized cocaine, drug paraphernalia and over $90,000 from the house the… Read more »
Russell Simmons & The Hip-Hop Summit Action Network are calling for students, parents and teachers in NY to boycott public schools June 4th. The protest is a result of Mayor Bloomberg's education cuts, which will cut over a half billion dollars from the school systems budget. Bloomberg is seeking a way to ease the city's… Read more »
The University of Minnesota's student newspaper published a cartoon spoofing hip-hop in its student newspaper, The Daily last week. The cartoon was drawn by former Minnesota Daily graphic designer, Mike DeArmond. The cartoon depicts a young black man using typical urban slang, denying that he impregnated his girlfriend, whom he accuses of being promiscuous. In… Read more »
Memphis duo 8Ball and MJG have signed to Sean "P.Diddy" Combs' Bad Boy Record label. Originally signed to the defunct JCOR Records, the duo is signed as a group, but not as solo acts. Their deal is worth 7 figures, according to reports. Bad Boy retains the right of first refusal of each of the… Read more »
Former NBA hoopster, James Hollywood Robinson has launched a new label, Da Dirty South Records. The native Mississippian keeps it true to his roots, naming the label for his home region, while basing the operation in Los Angeles. Robinson currently oversees the label from Russia, where he is playing B-ball. The labels first signing, Don… Read more »
Damon Wayans & "Friends" star Lisa Kudrow will star in a new comedy, "Marci X." The movie centers around a young Jewish woman named Marci (Kudrow), who inherits her father's hardcore rap label. When a song, "Shoot Ya Teacha," by one of the label's artists Dr. Snatchcatcher (Wayans) becomes a pop hit, she must deal… Read more »
A jury has convicted Carlos "South Park Mexican" Coy of sexually assaulting a 9-year-old girl who spent the night at his house with his daughter last September. The jury spent 8 hours deliberating before they delivered the guilty verdict. The girl, who is 10 now, testified during the trial that she didn't remember what happened… Read more »
BG, formerly of Cash Money Records, has launched Chopper City Records. BG, who started his rap career at the age of 13, has hired Rap Coalition founder Wendy Day and she is negotiating with a major label for distribution. Day negotiated the original $30,000,000 deal for Cash Money Records. In addition to his own LP,… Read more »
Antwan Kevin Baker, who is accused of stalking hip-hop entrepreneur Master P, will stand trial for stalking and making criminal threats. Prosecutors in the case say that Baker began stalking P in 1999. He confronted P at Chicago's O'Hare International Airport and tried to convince P to sign him to a recording contract and to… Read more »
A social worker in Detroit has created a CD using rap lyrics to help teach children multiplication tables. Odeather Hill got the idea when a client of her company, Professional, Preventive, Restoration and Consultant Services, wanted to improve his 10 year old daughters math skills. Realizing how popular hip-hop is with children, Hill spent $500… Read more »
Eminem and Interscope Records are fighting vehemently to prevent online downloads of the rappers highly anticipated album, "The Eminem Show." Because of massive internet piracy, the album has suddenly been pushed forward to drop on May 28th instead of June 4th, according a spokesperson for Interscope Records. Still, the label is not submitting to the… Read more »
The First Annual Urban Music-DJ Awards is scheduled to kick off June 2, 2002 in New York City. The event is described as a "prestigious event to outstanding business personalities that have created a significant impact on the Urban music industry." The awards show will be followed by performances featuring several prominent, but yet to… Read more »
Early morning yesterday, the State of New Jersey suddenly cancelled the Literacy Concert, because they didn't have the approval for the concert to take place, according to RZA of Wu Tang. He also said the government didnt want to be associated with rap music. "At the last minute, the secretary of state pulled out," RZA… Read more »
The RZA has organized The NJ State Literacy Tour. Taking place on May 17th at the Sovereign Bank Arena in Trenton, the concert will promote literacy amongst youth. Hosted by Wendy Williams, performers such as Fat Joe, Mobb Deep, Carl Thomas, Method Man & Redman will appear. RZA told AllHipHop.com, "Knowledge is the basic foundation… Read more »
Ludacris, Original Film, MTV Films and Paramount Pictures are teaming up to develop a full length comedy film based around the rapper. The film, which is tentatively titled "Skip Day," was pitched by Ludacris himself, and he will executive produce and star in the film, as well as contribute to the soundtrack. According to the… Read more »


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Emotional Vampires: Dealing with People Who Drain You Dry, Revised and Expanded 2nd Edition
Dealing with People Who Drain You Dry, 2nd Edition
Protect yourself from people who take undue advantage and suck the energy out of your life
Emotional Vampires will help you cope effectively with the people in your life that confound you, confuse you, and seem to sap every ounce of your energy. Bestselling author Dr. Al Bernstein shows you how to recognize each vampire type--antisocial, histrionic, narcissists, obsessive-compulsives, paranoids--and deal with them effectively. He uses many examples from the latest news headlines, which will help you distinguish between the types and deepen your understanding of each one.
In response to the daily calls and emails he got about the previous edition of this book, Dr. Al Bernstein has added his advice for dealing with those emotional vampires who come in the shape of spouses and lovers, relatives, and children. Dr. Bernstein shows you how to deal with each vampire type and what you need to do to keep from getting drained.
304 pages; ISBN 9780071790963
Read online, or download in secure EPUB or secure PDF format
Title: Emotional Vampires: Dealing with People Who Drain You Dry, Revised and Expanded 2nd Edition
Author: Albert Bernstein
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realmagick.com The shrine of knowledge.
Rainbow Brite Villains
A selection of articles related to rainbow brite villains.
Original articles from our library related to the Rainbow Brite Villains. See Table of Contents for further available material (downloadable resources) on Rainbow Brite Villains.
- Serveral Simple But Useful Meditations
- MEDITATIONS Before you start any kind of meditation, here are a few tips: Pick a place where you will not be disturbed. If you want, you may put on some relaxing music or nature sounds to keep you from possible distractions. Get into an upright position...
Mind >> Meditation
- Pagan Musings
- We're of the old religion, sired of Time, and born of our beloved Earth Mother. For too long the people have trodden a stony path that goes only onward beneath a sky that goes only upwards. The Horned God plays in a lonely glade for the people are scattered...
Religions >> Paganism & Wicca
- King James Bible: Revelation, Chapter 10
- Chapter 10 10:1 And I saw another mighty angel come down from heaven, clothed with a cloud: and a rainbow was upon his head, and his face was as it were the sun, and his feet as pillars of fire: 10:2 And he had in his hand a little book open: and he set his...
New Testament >> Revelation
- Psychic Self Defence
- This article is a companion to my article "Wards 101", which was published in the February `96 edition of Rainbow Wind Magazine . "Wards 101" is concise, reasonably well-written, and contains all the information you need to ward yourself...
Psychic Abilities >> Psychic Protection
- That Glimmer of Life: Death, The Energy Body & Its Aura
- When persons are nearing death, their auras change dramatically. As a mystic and healer with many years experience, I have probably had more opportunities than most to observe the auras of people with terminal illnesses, in the weeks, days, hours and minutes...
Body Mysteries >> Auras
- Wards 101
- Anyone who is around Pagan or metaphysical people for long will inevitably hear about warding. Circles and other sacred spaces are warded during worship to protect participants. So what are wards? Wards are magick raised and set into place to protect a space,...
Psychic Abilities >> Psychic Protection
- Iris
- (rainbow) Daughter of Thaumas, and Goddess of the rainbow. Like Hermes, she was a messenger and herald, and she served as an oath-taker on solemn occasions among the Gods, bearing a jar containing water from the River Styx, which would render a Divinity...
Deities & Heros >> Greek
Rainbow Brite Villains is described in multiple online sources, as addition to our editors' articles, see section below for printable documents, Rainbow Brite Villains books and related discussion.
Suggested Pdf Resources
- strongly into Burn Bright with the portrayal of the Grave society – especially the fundamentalist 'baby bats', to the bats that fly overhead 'like a black rainbow across a dark canvas' (p. 30), to the White Is Ruzalia hero or villain?
- www.randomhouse.com.au
- Levity's Rainbow - The New Republic - 9 & 16 July 1990
- bright gaN-staiion oases in \n\rv flunrcs- cent Kpill Rainbow (1973), and oltcred a prospectus for his next .
- www.columbia.edu
- But Rainbow Brite, the pretty heroine, and her friends, each representing a different color, always defeated the villains and preserved a beautiful .
- www.jewishfreeware.org
- The magic lamp will always shine bright. Cave of Wonders . As Rainbow Brite soars to the top.
- www.campbrynmawr.com
- Tubby Tin Runaway_Rainbow.pdf (2.8 MB)
- 'That's the most extraordinary rainbow I have bend in the rainbow when his sharp bright eyes And, as usual, this villainous pair were up to no good.
- www.mikeshepherdimages.com
Suggested Web Resources
- Characters - RainbowBrite.net
- Learn all about the characters from Rainbow Brite! Find Rainbow Brite Collectibles on Ebay. 1980's CHARACTERS.
- www.rainbowbrite.net
- RainbowBrite.net - Picture Gallery | Villains
- RainbowBrite.net - Picture Gallery | Villains.
- www.rainbowbrite.net
- Rainbow Brite - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- Villains. [edit.
- en.wikipedia.org
- Rainbow Brite Dolls |
- VILLAINS: Mattel also released toys of the baddies from Rainbow Brite... Murky Dismal and his fuzzy sidekick, Lurky!
- wharble.com
- Rainbow Brite's Villains by ~cwmodels on deviantART
- May 1, 2010 Final batch of Rainbow Brite character redesigns. Presented here are all the memorable villains from the Rainbow Brite cartoon series.
- cwmodels.deviantart.com
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Rainbow Brite Villains Topics
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(404) 857-4248
4185 Clairmont Road, Atlanta, GA 30341 map »
other locations »
I was drawn to service my SUV with Toyotechs after reading reviews of Kudzu. Unfortunately my first visit became a nightmare and ended up paying $1700 engine related work. If you have any engine... related work, do not go to them. May be fit for oil and filter change. Lessons learned - Don't be fooled by manufactured positive reviews.VIEW MORE »VIEW LESS »
It was some time ago that these phonies tried to get me to pay them $4600 for repairs that I didn't need (supposedly I needed a "new" transmission and a catalytic converter). It is now y-e-a-r-s... later. My car is still running fine thanks to Randall Byrd (who is unfortunately no longer at that Aamco on Covington Hwy). These people are greedy bloodsuckers.VIEW MORE »VIEW LESS »
I think a lot of the reviews posted here are bogus. Read them. Who writes reviews like "they made a believer out of me", "thanks Toyotechs"? I have actually been using Toyotechs for many years (I have both a Toyota and a Lexus). I have used them for everything from simple maintenance (oil change) to involved work (replacing head gasket). I have plenty of experience with Fred (owner) and his crew. And, I have no reason to either sing their praises or criticize them unfairly. I am about as unbiased as one can hope for. And, I have talked to other customers and read (real) reviews to confirm my own experiences. Let me start by saying they are not crooks. They are mostly honest. They are not going to tell you your car needs work when it doesn't. However, they are slow... disorganized...and make lots of mistakes. Even with an appt. you are likely to wait awhile. Sometimes it takes them forever to just start work on your car and I have had several situations where they didn't complete the work on the order. One time they tightened the emergency brake so much the car froze while driving. They just aren't very thorough - don't seem to have any pride in their work - and don't seem to be motivated to improve (plenty of customers). Don't expect a call when they are done. If they make a mistake, they will give you a free oil change - I have had 7 free oil changes. And the big question - why do I still use them? Sadly, I haven't found anyplace better yet...but I'm looking.
Last edited on 2/25/2011
Reviews: 1
Posted on: 12/24/2014
I was drawn to service my SUV with Toyotechs after reading reviews of Kudzu. Unfortunately my first visit became a nightmare and ended up paying $1700 engine related work. If you have any engine related work, do not go to them. May be fit for oil and filter change. Lessons learned - Don't be fooled by manufactured positive reviews.
Last edited on 1/14/2015
Reviews: 1
Posted on: 12/9/2014
It was some time ago that these phonies tried to get me to pay them $4600 for repairs that I didn't need (supposedly I needed a "new" transmission and a catalytic converter). It is now y-e-a-r-s later. My car is still running fine thanks to Randall Byrd (who is unfortunately no longer at that Aamco on Covington Hwy). These people are greedy bloodsuckers.
This is a rehashed version of a review that originally appeared on another website back in December, 2011. That review anonymously disparaged ToyoTechs with personal attacks and misleading statements that were vindictive in nature. Since the reviewer did not reveal their identity, it was impossible for us reach out and attempt to rectify the situation. As a matter of fact, ToyoTechs seriously questions the validity of the claims in the original review, whether or not this was an actual customer that came to the shop to have a vehicle worked on. As stated in our original reply, within a very short time of the 2011 review posting, we received a call from the company that posted it asking for money to have it removed.
We pride ourselves here on customer service and work very hard at maintaining our good name. We welcome all to extensively research ToyoTechs on the web and make an assessment based on all available information.
With heads held high,
Reviews: 2
Posted on: 10/7/2014
My regular mechanic confirmed that our 2004 Sienna Handicap modified van needed a new evaporator core for our faulty a/c. Unfortunately it is such an involved procedure (20 hours of labor) that my mechanic wouldn't touch it. To make things worse, the part itself cost $1,700. I found the part brand new on Ebay for $60 delivered. Toyotechs had no objection to using the part that I provided once they confirmed it was brand new and the correct part. It was still a pricey repair ($2,000), but their willingness to work with me save me literally thousands.Very impressed with these guys!!
The employees here are very helpful! I've had 2 urgent car situations in the past year and when I called and explained them, they were able to work me in and went above and beyond to get it taken care of immediately. They also offered to help me get back to work because I was having trouble finding someone to be able to get me that early. I also appreciated that they took the time to explain in detail what was going on, and were very patient with all of my questions. AS long as I have my Camry I'll take it here.
Reviews: 1
Posted on: 5/12/2014
My 4Runner has 237,000 miles and my wife's RX300 has 185,000 miles. We only go to ToyoTechs. Period.
Got my Toyota fixed here and they were very helpful. Wifi in the waiting area is also a plus. I will be coming back.
Reviews: 6
Posted on: 10/24/2012
I had a break issue with my 2007 Camry hybrid. My regular mechanic sent me to the dealership where it was diagnosed as a break pedal sensor issue although they were unsuccessful recreating the problem. Several weeks later I had the same problem again but called Kenny at Atlanta Hybrid Repair (owned by ToyoTech) He felt certain based upon my description it was a battery issue and offered to test it for free. Kenny replaced the battery and the Camry is running perfectly. Patrick at ToyoTech recommended Kenny for my Camry while I was in with my husband's Sequoia. Great recommendation. Thanks guys!
Reviews: 5
Posted on: 1/14/2012
Tired of the same old automotive shops with poor customer service that try to up sell at every opportunity. Well look no more. Fast, friendly, honest, and reliable. Doesn't matter where you live as they are well worth the drive. I drove 40 miles and will do it again in a heartbeat. Got my car in/out in time they specified. I wanted a specific oil they don't normally use. They went to store and purchased it for me. Told me up front they would check for other wear items and came back with everything fine (which I knew was the case before hand). Everyone in waiting room had glowing reports and had been using them for years. These are my goto guys from now on.
Fred got me in on a Friday afternoon when My ac had quit working. He had it fixed and me back on the road for a very reasonable fix, and a very short wait. He also replaced a burned out light bulb that a Toyota dealer had not had in stock when I had gone in to get it fixed. The Toyota dealer did not even offer to go to a auto supply store to get a bulb. I love my Toyota and Toyotech too.
Reviews: 2
Posted on: 3/1/2011
These mechanics are not just good at car repair, they are very customer oriented and never give you the feeling they forgot you were sitting in the lobby (which by the way has web access)The problem is now I can only buy toyotas because otherwise I could not bring my car to them for maintenance.
Reviews: 1
Posted on: 2/23/2011
If you are searching for Toyota service then you are lucky to have found ToyoTechs. In the customer service landscape of 2011, they are uniquely gracious, honest and helpful. Last week we were en route to Disney World. Our 2008 Highlander Hybrid was packed full, three excited kids were strapped in their carseats, and just as we were to pull onto I-75 . . .the driver's side window would not roll up. I called ToyoTechs and they said to come right over. They disassembled the door/window apparatus, found the problem, fixed it, and 30 minutes later we were back on the highway (in Atlanta traffic). They were friendly, efficient but thorough, and always reasonably priced. I will continue to refer every Toyota or Lexus driver I know to ToyoTechs.
ToyoTechs does good work and does not oversell. So far, out of two repairs, 1 came in spot on and 1 came in under the estimate provided over the phone. Fred and his crew enjoy what they do, and it shows. Skip the dealer - if you have a Toyota or Lexus, go to ToyoTechs!
I have used ToyoTechs for my Lexus for years and they have always given me incredible service. I recently had a problem with the computer in an older car and they worked hard to find a rebuilt one rather than have me purchase new. This is a company you can trust to do the job right and at a fair price.
Last edited on 1/6/2011
Reviews: 1
Posted on: 8/10/2010
When ever I need work done on my Toyota, I run there. I rarely need any work because they keep my car in perfect order. I would not let anyone else touch my car. they are the BEST!!!! REALLY!!!
Reviews: 1
Posted on: 4/28/2010
I have been dealing with these guys for a long time and there are some reviews that are not valid!!! They are not a quickey lube type of place. If you want a 10 minute oil change and have someone you don't know to work on you car go to the quickey lube. They are very trustworthy and do wonderful work. I have no problem sending my wife to their place. Good quality work does not come fast. I would recommend my mom if she owned a toyota. I believe that you should form your own opinion. I have spoken with numerous customers satisfied with their services. Even if all services were free someone would still complain.


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Why is Wisconsin behind the curve?
I've been thinking a lot about some of the national hot-button issues that are dominating the news. Among the more interesting ones is the trend of legalizing marijuana, for either medicinal or recreational purposes. My gut says that the days of criminalizing pot use, nationally, are waning, and in 10 years, we'll all be laughing about this like it was Prohibition.
And then I think of Wisconsin, and I can't even imagine our state getting on board with this on its own. Just like the smoking ban, we waited until most of our neighbors enacted it, and even then, it didn't happen without a contentious fight.
Yet, when it comes to curbing alcohol use or drinking and driving laws, Wisconsin only complies when it has to.
But take high-speed rail. Even if the rest of the country goes forward gung ho, Wisconsin completely shuts it down.
Or gay marriage. Or the death penalty. Or separation of church and state.
And I won't even touch the gun control issue on this forum, but given Wisconsinites fondness for hunting, I can imagine it will be the hottest of the hot-button issues.
Please understand that I'm not advocating one way or the other on these issues; my opinions on these topics are not germane to this blog posting. I'm only wondering why, when it comes to following the lead of the rest of the country for right or for wrong, at least lately, Wisconsin says "thanks but no thanks."
I don't think it's a Democrat or Republican thing. Yes, Gov. Scott Walker is certainly a Republican, but congressionally, Wisconsin is very "purple." And in presidential elections, Wisconsin votes Democrat more often than not.
Wisconsin has a very progressive history, actually, but lately it seems content with the status quo. Are we that much smarter than the rest of America? Or are we so much dumber?
Maybe it's a rural-urban thing. Milwaukee and Dane Counties are obviously extremely liberal, while the rest of the state (with a few exceptions) tends to be much more conservative.
It's puzzling to me that Milwaukee is so much more different than the rest of Wisconsin than, say, Minneapolis is to the rest of Minnesota. Right?
Or maybe not. My perception is that Wisconsin has taken a hard right turn when it comes to social and fiscal issues, and it extends beyond its choice for governor. Please enlighten me.
mikeb | Jan. 20, 2013 at 11:09 a.m. (report)
Is Wisconsin really behind the curve or do we not have some of the liberal policies you'd like to see enacted? Take the issues you list:
Gay Marriage: I may be mistaken, but I don't think this has passed anywhere in the country from a referendum. It's gaining momentum in most places, but the majority of voters just isn't there yet.
High Speed Rail: I think had the initial spending been for improving the existing Hiawatha line, it would have received a lot more support. Instead, they lead with a Milwaukee to Madison line that is not a pressing issue for most people.
Smoking: There's something to be said for letting people use a legal product in a private establishment. That was an issue where the marketplace was starting to enact its will. Bars like the Sugar Maple started to pop up and some of their popularity was due to the fact that you couldn't smoke there. More bars would have made that decision. Then we could have had bars that catered to non-smokers and those that cater to smokers. Everyone wins.
Gun Control: While there's a lot of raw emotion on this issue, don't be surprised if there's not much done. Why? Most people still support the second amendment.
I know you're completely bummed out about Scott Walker being the governor, but that doesn't mean Wisconsin is behind the curve.
|Rate this:
emills81 | Jan. 17, 2013 at 2:22 p.m. (report)
On a side note, please leave this article up as long as possible. I really enjoy looking at the photo throughout the work day..... Dont worry, my boss is Canadian.
|Rate this:
emills81 | Jan. 17, 2013 at 10:32 a.m. (report)
I would love to see a state referendum on Medical Marijuana. It is a state issue and should be treated as such. WI being an agriculture state, could create well over 250,000 jobs with just medical. It is inevitable that it will happen. Especially with the public coming to terms that there is an over prescriptions epidemic of dangerously addictive opiates.
|Rate this:
Slugworth | Jan. 17, 2013 at 10:31 a.m. (report)
I see other states adopting some of the budget-saving measures that Walker implemented. I see other states pushing school choice (pioneered in Wisconsin). On these two issues, Wisconsin is unquestionably a leader.
Other states have been "gung ho" about high speed rail, until the bills start coming in. Watch as these projects get cancelled. We'll see how many of these projects actually get completed. Once again, Wisconsin was one of the first states to take a hard look and do the responsible, commonsense thing and not get swept up in silly emotion.
I don't understand the death penalty issue? Wisconsin has outlawed the death penalty forever, and the rest of the country is just catching up....
So who is right? Am I right that Wisconsin is a national leader, or are you right that Wisconsin lags the rest of the country?
Ever hear of confirmation bias?
The bottom line is that the voters in this state don't like a lot of the things you like.
|Rate this:
TheyThink | Jan. 17, 2013 at 10:13 a.m. (report)
Wisconsin, with republican or democrat leadership, has rarely had knee-jerk reactions when it comes issues or policy. For as liberal or progressive as we may have been, we still are very conservative fiscally. Heck, even the socialists, who, until rather recently ran Milwaukee, were very tight-fisted when it came to spending. Despite the explosion in entitlement spending, our state is still running a budget surplus thanks to our fiscally conservative approach. Of course, there are blips on the radar when it comes to this fiscal restraint (2 terms of Gov. Doyle, last term of Tommy Thompson) but by and large we like to save money which extends to other areas of restraint.
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Recent Articles & Blogs by Andy Tarnoff
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Star Tracks
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Treasury Department Reports $3 Billion Budget Surplus In January, Shrinking Deficit
By MARTIN CRUTSINGER 02/12/13 04:14 PM ET EST
The Treasury Department reported a budget surplus for the first time in Obama's presidency (AP Photo/Manuel Balce Ceneta) .4,886271673642Get Politics Alerts:
Sign Up ..Follow: Obama's Budget, Deficit, Video, Treasury Department, Barack Obama Budget, Barack Obama Deficit, Budget Surplus, Department Of Treasury, Treasury Budget Surplus, Politics News .WASHINGTON — The federal government reported a rare surplus for January and is on track to run the lowest annual deficit since President Barack Obama took office.
The Treasury Department said Tuesday that the government took in a surplus of $2.9 billion in January, helped by nearly $9 billion more in Social Security taxes. Last month Congress and the White House allowed a temporary cut in Social Security taxes to expire.
The monthly surplus was the first since September.
Through the first four months of the 2013 budget year, the deficit has grown $290.4 billion. That's nearly $60 billion lower than the same period a year ago.
Revenue through those four months is 12.4 percent higher compared with the same period last year, while spending has grown only 3.5 percent.
The budget year began on Oct. 1.
The Congressional Budget Office forecasts that the deficit will total $845 billion when the budget year ends on Sept. 30. If correct, that would be first time the government has run annual deficit below $1 trillion since 2008.
The deficit is the amount the government must borrow when its expenses exceed its revenue. Each month's deficit is volatile and can be affected by calendar quirks that shift government spending or revenue from one month to another.
The annual deficit is projected to be smaller this year because the government is collecting more revenue this year, mainly because of faster job growth and higher taxes.
At the same time, the government is spending less on some programs. That's in part because of spending cuts that were enacted under a 2011 agreement to raise the federal borrowing limit. Also, the improved economy has reduced demand for unemployment benefits and some other government programs.
Last year, the economy grew at a modest 2.2 percent and generated an average of about 180,000 jobs a month. Stronger job growth is forecast for this year – an average of more than 200,000 a month, some economists say. More jobs mean more income, which generates more tax revenue for the government.
Another factor in a smaller expected deficit is higher taxes for some Americans this year. When Congress and the White House reached a deal in January to avert the fiscal cliff, they allowed taxes to rise on individuals earning at least $400,000 a year and couples earning $450,000. That is expected to raise $620 billion in revenue over the next decade.
And the agreement allowed a 2 percentage point cut in the Social Security tax to expire, thereby raising taxes on nearly everyone who earns a paycheck. This year's higher Social Security tax is projected to raise about $10 billion more a month in revenue.
The additional revenue is likely to slow the deficit's growth for the rest of the budget year. The deficit will also likely shrink in April, when the government collects much of its income-tax revenue. Last year, the government reported a surplus of $59 billion for April. A stronger economy could make this year's April surplus even larger.
Economists are also optimistic that this year's deficit could be smaller than $1 trillion. But much depends on negotiations in Washington over the next few weeks. On March 1, $85 billion in spending cuts are scheduled to take effect unless Congress and the White House reach a deal to avert them.
Cooper Howes, an economist at Barclays, said that if the full amount of reductions take place, that could trim overall economic growth by about one-half percentage point.
The CBO is projecting even smaller annual deficits of $616 billion in 2014 and $459 billion in 2015. But as more baby boomers retire and claim Medicare and Social Security, deficits would likely rise again. The implementation of the 2010 health care law would also widen deficits. The CBO forecasts that deficits could near $1 trillion again by 2023.
Republicans and President Barack Obama agree on the need for a plan to contain the deficits. But they are at odds over the details. Republicans want to trim growth in Social Security and Medicare spending but oppose any further tax increases.
Obama has said he is willing to consider cuts in the growth of entitlement programs like Medicare and Social Security. But he argues that a balanced approach will require further tax increases on the highest earners.
Obama's presidency has coincided with four straight $1 trillion-plus deficits.
The gaps reached a record $1.41 trillion in budget year 2009, which began four months before Obama took office. That deficit was due largely to the worst recession since the Great Depression. Tax revenue plummeted. And the government spent more on stimulus programs.
The budget gaps in 2010 and 2011 were slightly lower than the 2009 deficit as a gradually strengthening economy generated more tax revenue.
President George W. Bush also ran annual deficits through most of his two terms in office after he won approval for broad tax cuts and launched wars in Afghanistan and Iraq.
The last time the government ran an annual surplus was in 2001
Great news if true, how about calling you buddy obama and tell him so he can stop calling for more tax increase on the rich since we now have plenty of money.
i haven't seen this anywhere yet including the NYT, CNN and Bloomberg.
Beyond a shot at Fox I'm not sure what your point is. Improvement is welcomed but if you're claiming any kind of victory it is a Pyrrhic one. The reason for the surplus according to your article is the reinstatement of the SS tax, otherwise there would be a deficit. And while the deficit is projected to decrease slightly in the next few years, its back up to a trillion by 2023..Any guess was the debt is by then Blue?
We still need a comprehensive overall of our budget that deals with entitlements (SS and Medicare) as well. Look up some of the discussion on Simpson-Bowles updated recommendations from today to give the issue some real prospective.


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October 12, 2015 | 1134 Words
Retailers, Don't Miss the Marketplaces Opportunity!
Online marketplaces are everywhere, and retailers should consider not just selling on established marketplaces, but creating their own. By opening up their websites for select sellers to list products on, retailers can increase the volume and breadth of products, keep shoppers on their website and open up a significant and lucrative new e-commerce channel.Read More


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Sep 24, 1968
|Filing date
|Sep 11, 1964
|Priority date
|Sep 11, 1964
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Jr Roswell P Barnes
|Original Assignee
|Northrop Corp
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (32), Classifications (18)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
United States Patent O 3,403,234 ACOUSTIC TRANSDUCER Roswell P. Barnes, Jr., Newton, Mass., assignor to Northrop Corporation, Beverly Hills, Calif., a corporation of California Filed Sept. 11, 1964, Ser. No. 395,684 9 Claims. (Cl. 179-111) ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE My invention relates to transducers, and more particular- `ly to a novel transducer for converting pressure to a mechanical movement or an electrical voltage, or for converting electrical voltage to a corresponding pressure wave.
For use in such applications as the study of explosive Vblast waves and the like, there is a need for an acoustic transducer capable of responding to a wide range Ifor frequencies in the sonic and infrasonic ranges, over a large dynamic range. Conventional microphones incorporating stressed membranes are capable of great senstivity, but are subject to damage or destruction by mechanical shock or by such acoustic shocks as may occur following an explosion or during a thunderstorm. It is the object of my invention to facilitate the conversion of pressure to voltage over a wide range of pressures and frequencies.
Briefly, the transducer of my invention comprises a capacitor having plates joined by a sheet of compressible foam cemented between them, the bond being uniform and free from voids, and the plates being initially unstressed. In response to pressure variations between the interior and the exterior of the foam which are uniform over the surface of the plates, the plates move toward and away from each other while maintaining their parallel relationship. An electrical amplifier arranged to produce an output voltage controlled by the capacitance between the plates may then be connected across the plates and will produce an output voltage faithfully reproducing the applied pressure in a substantially linear manner over a range of yfrequencies which may extend from the very low infrasonic to the high ultrasonic range. Alternatively, the transducer may be excited by a varying voltage applied across the plates to cause the plates to vibrate and produce an acoustic output signal. While the plates are required to be parallel, they are not required to be plane, but may be curved in any desired manner to produce desired directional characteristics.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of my invention, three plates are employed, the outer plates being connected together to form a single plate which also serves to shield the center plate. The three plates are maintained in parallel relationship by sheets of compressible non-conductive closed-cell foam extending between them and cemented to their confronting surfaces as described below. Regarding the cementing of the elements, it will be understood that While commonly an actual cement, glue or other adhesive would be employed, it is also contemplated that if a suitable closed-cell foam material is employed having inherently adhesive surfaces or surfaces which can be made adhesive by heat or a suita- 3,403,234 Patented Sept. 24, 1968 ICC ble solvent, it may be joined to the conductive plates without an intermediate cementing material.
For relatively high frequency applications, or should it be desired to use the transducer as a voltage-topres sure conversion device, the plates would be made relatively thin and close together and the foam would be selected to have as high a compressibility as could be attained. On the other hand, there are numerous applications 4for a capacitive microphone in which great physical strength is desired, and for this purpose the plate are made relatively thick and separated by a fairly substantial layer of foam.
The manner in which the transducer of my invention can best be constructed, its mode of operation, and various modifications which may be made in its construction Ifor various purposes, will best be understood in the light of the Afollowing detailed description, together with the accompanying drawings, of various illustrative embodiments thereof.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram, with parts shown in cross-section and parts broken away, of a transducer in accordance with my invention connected as a microphone.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional elevation of a specific ernbodiment of the transducer of my invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view, with parts broken away, of the transducer of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional elevation of a second embodiment of the transducer of my invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional elevation of a third embodiment of the transducer off my invention; Iand FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic sketch of a fourth embodiment of the transducer of my invention.
Referring iirst to FIG. 1, I have shown a transducer generally designated as 1 connected to a preamplifier. The transducer 1 comprises a variable capacitor having an inner conductive plate 2, of metal or the like, and an outer plate formed by two conductive plates 3a and 3b, also of metal or the like, electrically connected together as indicated at 4. The plates are maintained in a parallel array by intermediate sheets S and 6 of nonconductive compressible foam uniformly cemented to the confronting surfaces of the plates. For optimum performance at very low frequencies, the Ifoam should be of the closed-cell type, for reasons to be described below.
The preamplifier may be of `any desired conventional construction, but as shown comprises a vacuum triode T connected as a plate follower with the grid voltage controlled by the capacitance of the transducer 1. At extremely low frequencies and signal levels, internally generated noise must be minimized, and for this purpose I prefer to use a Nuvistor triode such as the 6CW4 as the triode T.
In a particular embodiment of the apparatus shown in FIG. l, the plates 2, 3a and 3b were each of aluminum. 3 feet by 6 feet by 16 mils in thickness. The sheets 5 and 6 were of natural foam rubber, one-eighth inch in thickness, cemented to the plates with a conventional adhesive dissolved in a solvent and applied with a brush. The static capacitance of the transducer so formed was found to be 12,500 micromicrofarads, and the leakage resistance was 15,000y megohms. The inherent useful frequency range of this transducer is from about 0.001 cycle per second to perhaps 17,000 kilocycles per second. The peramplifer consisted of a 6CW4 triode, a 200 megohm bias resistor R1, a `0.1 microfarad capacitor C1, a 200 megohm -grid resistor R2, a 30,000 ohm plate resistor R3 with a 5 microfarad by-pass capacitor C2, a 1,000 ohm cathode resistor R4 with a 1,000 microfarad electrolytic by-pass capacitor C4, and a 0.68 microfarad output coupling capacitor C3. The voltages Bl-land B2+ were 300 volts and 90 volts, respectively, with respect to ground. These circuit components were selected in the conventional manner for optimum performance in the frequency range of one-half cycle per second to zve cycles per second, in which the voltage gain was 30 db. The transducer 1 was found to have a sensitivity of 0.2 microvolt per microbar per volt of Bl{. Thus, with Bl-lat 300 volts, the grid voltage change produced by an applied pressure differential of 0.1 microbar was 6 rnicrovolts, whereas the internal noise generated in the triode T was less than one microvolt.
The transducer 1 may be constructed in any desired size, and is particularly adapted for use where environmental extremes of heat, pressure or mechanical shock would preclude the use of conventional transducers. When constructed from relatively thick metal plates as described above. the transducer is extremely rugged and will withstand acoustic shock produced by thunderstorms, explosions and the like, or such mechanical stresses as might be produced by livestock walking on its surface.
The sensitivity of the transducer 1 is independent of the area of the plates. However, an important advantage of large area transducers, of, for example, ten to twenty square feet or more in the infrasonic range, is that the effects of wind noise are obviated. In such a transducer, local motion of the plates produced by air turbulence is different at different points on the surface, tending toward a random distribution that produces no net output signal as the area is increased.
'Ihe material from which the sheets 5 and 6 are made is selected on the basis of cost, stability under variations in temperature and over long periods of time, compressibility, uniformity, dielectric constant and resistivity. Typi. cal suitable foams have a' compressibility of about twotenths of the compressibility of air. A high dielectric constant is desirable, and a very high resistivity is necessary. `Open cell forms are most compressible and would be preferred at frequencies well into or above the audible range, but are unsuitable if good response at low frequencies is desired. It is thought that air leakage through the pores of open cell foams at low frequencies occurs before the plates can move, thus preventing their response. Closed cell foams are somewhat less compressible, but permit good response at very low frequencies. Suitable closed cell foams are natural rubber, silicone rubber and neoprene. Silicone foam, in thicknesses of from one thirty-second to one-eighth of an inch, is preferred for use in outdoor environments where a rugged unit capable of resisting shock and varying temperatures is desired. It has been found that a transducer made with silicone foam will vary only percent in sensitivity from about 50 F. to about 250 F., and will operate continuously in this range without deterioration.
It is important that the foam selected be homogeneous, and that the bond to the surfaces of the conductive plates be uniform, i.e., free from voids. An air bubble located anywhere at the boundary of the foam and plates will seriously degrade the performance of the transducer. Thus, care must be taken in cementing the foam to the plates so that wrinkles or gaps in the bond will not occur. The manner in which the foam is cemented to the plates is not criticalv so long a's a uniform bond is obtained. I have employed epoxy resin adhesives, transfer papers and tapes with pressure-sensitive adhesives on both sides, and, for neoprene, a solution of neoprene in a suitable solvent, to cement the foam to the plates.
As noted above, wind noise can be eliminated in the transducer of my invention by making the plates sufficiently large. To insure faithful reproduction of acoustic signals, it is also necessary to exclude stray electromagnetic fields, such as the commonly encountered 60 cycle eld. For this purpose, the transducer of my invention may be constructed as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. As there shown, the outer plate comprising the plates 3a and 3b is made larger than the inner plate 2. The sheets of foam 5 and 6 may be coextensive with the inner plate 2, as shown, or may extend beyond the inner plate. If desired, additional non-conducting material may be used to fill the remaining space between the plates 3a and 3b. The plates 3a and 3b are preferably bonded together, both electrically and mechanically, by an intermediate metal member 3c, of aluminum, copper or the like, bolted or otherwise secured to them. Alternatively, the member 3c may be formed of known and commercially available conductive epoxy resin formed in place between the plates 3a and 3b.
The intermediate member 3c may extend along only one edge, as shown, or may be made to extend along more than one side or to frame the enclosed plate 2 completely, if desired. In whatever manner the plates 3a and 3b are joined, however, the plate 2 must be located sufficiently far from the joint or joints so that the confronting surfaces of the plates 3a and Sib rea'ct under acoustic stress essentially as though they were not constrained by the joint, enabling them to remain substantially parallel to the plate 2 while moving toward or away from it in response to pressure differences between the interior and the exterior of the foam. For example, in the particular embodiment described above, the central plate 2 might be made 33%I inches by 691A inches, centrally disposed with respect to the outer plates, and located one inch from the member 3c. This mode of operation is characteristic of, and essential to, the transducer of my invention in its most eicient embodiments.
As indicated in FIGS. 2 and 3, an inner conductor 7 may be connected to the inner plate 2, insulated in a conventional manner, not shown, and brought out for connection to the preamplifier through a suitable aperture in the member 3c and a conventional coaxial shielding conductor 8 electrically connected to the outer plate.
While the embodiments of the transducer of my invention thus far described have been shown operating as microphones, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the transducer is inherently reversible. Thus, for use as a loudspeaker, a source of varying voltage would be connected between the outer and inner plates, producing an acoustic response.
It is not essential that the outer plate of the transducer of my invention be formed of two separate plates joined together. As shown in FIG. 4, the transducer may be formed of an inner plate 2 with an outer plate 3 wrapped around it, and suitably joined at the ends if so desired to perfect the shielding of the inner plate. The space between the inner and outer plate may be filled with yfoam 9, as by wrapping a sheet of foam around the plate 2, or by conventional techniques for forming the foam in situ. The only requirements are that the foam be of uniform thickness over the surfaces of the inner plate 2, that it be uniformly cemented to the surfaces of the inner and outer plates, and that the inner plate be parallel to the confronting surfaces of the outer plate and far enough from any joints or edges in the outer plate so that the inner and outer plates remain parallel during operation.
The transducer of my invention can be made in essentially any configuration to achieve desired response characteristics. For example, a dat transducer in which the plates were circular and of about 30 feet in diameter would greatly attenuate any wind noise and would be essentially non-directional below about 10 cycles per second, becoming more and more directional as the frequency is increased. A flat circular microphone of this type has the same directional properties as a parabolic microphone having the same diameter. A transducer made with plates 1000 feet long by one foot wide would be highly directional. rl`ransducers in these large sizes are preferably made of a number of smaller transducers electrically, but not mechanically, connected in parallel. For omnidirectional response, the plates 2 and 3 and the foam sheet 9 could be ma-de in the form of concentric spheres, as shown in FIG. 5. For greater directionality, to serve as a panel :microphone to cover a large area such as a stage or the like, the plates could be curved as shown in FIG. 6. Also, while the transducer of my invention is ideally suited for outdoor operation as a microphone, for such purposes as `blast wave studies and the like, it is equally well suited for use as a hydrophone.
While I have described my invention with reference to the details of various specific embodiments thereof, many changes and variations will be apparent to those skilled in`the art upon reading my description, and such can obviously be made without departing from the scope of my invention.
Having thus described my invention, what I claim is:
1. A transducer, comprising, in combination, a sheet of nonconductive closed-cell compressible lfoam of uniform thickness, and first and second opposed parallel electrically conductive plates uniformly cemented to opposite sides of said sheet both of said plates being responsive to acoutic disturbances to compress said foam.
2. The transducer of claim 1 in which said first and second opposed parallel electrically conductive plates are in the configuration of concentric spheres and said sheet of foam as in the form of a sphere filling the volume between the concentric spheres formed by said first and sec-ond conductive plates.
3. The transducer of claim .1, further comprising means connected to said plates and responsive to the capacitance between the plates for producing an output voltage in accordance with said capacitance.
4. The transducer of claim 1, further comprising a source of varying voltage connected across said plates to produce an acoustic output signal.
5. The transducer of claim 1, in which said foam is a member of the class consisting of natural rubber, silicone rubber, and neoprene.
6. An acoustic transducer, comprising three opposed parallel conducting plates, an electrical connection between Athe outer plates, and resilient means bonding confronting surfaces of each of the plates for motion toward and away from each other in parallel array in response to an applied acoustic disturbance wherein said central plate is free to take a position substantially midway of said outer plates.
7. A transducer, comprising first and second acoustically responsive opposed parallel conducting plates, a conductive member secured to and extending between said plates along one edge thereof, a third acoustically responsive conducting plate located between said first and second plates and parallel thereto, said third plate being smaller than said first and second plates and being located at a predetermined distance from said conductive member sufficient to permit all of the plates to remain parallel while deflected together or apart, and smooth sheets of compressible nonconducting foam of uniform thickness located between said first and third plates and having surfaces uniformly cemented to confronting surfaces of said plates to join the plates for resilient movement normal to their surfaces in response to an applied pressure gradient between the interior and the exterior of the foam.
8. The transducer of claim 7, in which said foam is a member of the class consisting of natural rubber, silicone rubber, and neoprene.
9. A transducer, comprising a first electrically conductive plate having first and second opposed parallel surfaces, a second electrically conductive plate substantially surrounding said first plate and having third and fourth surfaces confronting and parallel to said first surface and said second surface, respectively, and two sheets of compressible nonconductive foam of uniform thickness, one sheet extending between said first and third surfaces and the other sheet extending between said second and fourth surfaces, said sheets having opposite surfaces uniformly cemented to the confronting surfaces of said plates.
References Cited UNITEDY STATES PATENTS 1,850,855 3/1932 Thomas 179-111 2,796,467 6/ 1957 Kock 179-111 2,934,612 4/1960 Stanton 179--111 3,008,013 11/1961 Williamson et al. 179-111 3,136,867 6/1964 Brettel 179-111 KATHLEEN H. CLAFF Y, Primary Examiner.
R. P. TAYLOR, Assistant Examiner.
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|Thomas Adolph A
|Electrostatic loud speaker
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|Bell Telephone Labor Inc
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|Stanton Walter O
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|Ferranti Ltd
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|Citing Patent
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|May 6, 1975
|Georgia Tech Res Inst
|Pump for use in a capsule transport pipeline
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|Motorola, Inc.
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|Alesis Corporation
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|Sri International
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|Sri International
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|Sri International
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|Sri International
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|Sri International
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|Sri International
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|Sri International
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|Sri International
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|Nov 20, 2003
|Sri International, A California Corporation
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|Jun 4, 2003
|Jul 1, 2004
|Sri International, A California Corporation
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|Jan 18, 2006
|Jun 1, 2006
|Sri International
|Electroactive polymers
|Jan 18, 2006
|Jun 1, 2006
|Sri International, A California Corporation
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|Sri International A California Corporation
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|Joseph S Eckerle
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|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification