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Types of subtalar joint facets.
Jung, Min-Ho; Choi, Byoung Young; Lee, Ji Yong; Han, Chang Sung; Lee, Jin Suk; Yang, Young Chul; Cho, Byung Pil
Articular facets of the clinical subtalar joint (CSTJ) were analyzed using a total of 118 (right 57, left 61) dry, paired calcanei and tali from 68 Korean adult cadavers. The CSTJ facets were classified into the following three types depending on their continuity: type A, all three facets are separated; type B, the anterior and middle facets are partially connected; and type C, the anterior and middle facets are fused to form a single facet. The continuity between the anterior and middle facets was represented by the degree of separation (DS), which ranged between 2.00 (type A) and 1.00 (type C). Type A was most common (39.0 %) in calcanei and rarest (11.0 %) in tali. Matching of calcaneus-talus pairs yielded five combined types: A-A (11.0 %), A-B (28.0 %), B-B (18.6 %), B-C (13.6 %), and C-C (28.8 %). The mean DS was slightly greater in calcanei (1.53) than in tali (1.32), and decreased in the order of types A-A, A-B, B-B, B-C, and C-C. The intersecting angles between the anterior and middle facets, which are related to the mobility of the CSTJ, were inversely related to the DS. These findings indicate that the anterior and middle facets are fused more frequently in tali than in calcanei, and combinations of different CSTJ facet types (A-B, B-C) exist over 40 % of feet. Our results indicate that types with a smaller DS (such as B-C and C-C) are relatively mobile but less stable compared to those with a greater DS (such as A-A and A-B). PMID:25822134
Cervical facet joint kinematics during bilateral facet dislocation
Manohar M. Panjabi; Andrew K. Simpson; Paul C. Ivancic; Adam M. Pearson; Yasuhiro Tominaga; James J. Yue
Previous biomechanical models of cervical bilateral facet dislocation (BFD) are limited to quasi-static loading or manual\\u000a ligament transection. The goal of the present study was to determine the facet joint kinematics during high-speed BFD. Dislocation\\u000a was simulated using ten cervical functional spinal units with muscle force replication by frontal impact of the lower vertebra,\\u000a tilted posteriorly by 42.5°. Average peak
Neurophysiological and biomechanical characterization of goat cervical facet joint capsules.
Lu, Ying; Chen, Chaoyang; Kallakuri, Srinivasu; Patwardhan, Ajit; Cavanaugh, John M
Cervical facet joints have been implicated as a major source of pain after whiplash injury. We sought to identify facet joint capsule receptors in the cervical spine and quantify their responses to capsular deformation. The response of mechanosensitive afferents in C5-C6 facet joint capsules to craniocaudal stretch (0.5 mm/s) was examined in anaesthetized adult goats. Capsular afferents were characterized into Group III and IV based on their conduction velocity. Two-dimensional strains across the capsules during stretch were obtained by a stereoimaging technique and finite element modeling. 17 (53%) Group III and 14 (56%) Group IV afferents were identified with low strain thresholds of 0.107+/-0.033 and 0.100+/-0.046. A subpopulation of low-strain-threshold afferents had discharge rate saturation at the strains of 0.388+/-0.121 (n=9, Group III) and 0.341+/-0.159 (n=9, Group IV). Two (8%) Group IV units responded only to high strains (0.460+/-0.170). 15 (47%) Group III and 9 (36%) Group IV units could not be excited even by noxious capsular stretch. Simple linear regressions were conducted with capsular load and principal strain as independent variables and neural response of low-strain-threshold afferents as the dependent variable. Correlation coefficients (R2) were 0.73+/-0.11 with load, and 0.82+/-0.12 with principal strain. The stiffness of the C5-C6 capsules was 16.8+/-11.4 N/mm. Our results indicate that sensory receptors in cervical facet joint capsules are not only capable of signaling a graded physiological mechanical stimulus, but may also elicit pain sensation under excessive deformation. PMID:16022990
Percutaneous CT-Guided Treatment of Lumbar Facet Joint Synovial Cysts
Anthony Chang
Symptomatic intraspinal lumbar facet joint synovial cysts can be managed both conservatively and surgically. Diagnosis of\\u000a the lumbar facet joint cyst is made through cross-sectional imaging of the spine, either by computerized tomography (CT) scan,\\u000a myelography, or most commonly magnetic resonance imaging. Conservative treatment by facet joint injection can be performed\\u000a under fluoroscopic or CT guidance, although only CT guidance
Detecting Facet Joint and Lateral Mass Injuries of the Subaxial Cervical Spine in Major Trauma Patients
Cheung, Ian; Dalzell, Kristian; Deverall, Hamish; Freeman, Brian J.C.; Morris, Stephen A.C.; Sandler, Simon J.I.; Williams, Richard; Yau, Y.H.; Goss, Ben
Study Design Radiologic imaging measurement study. Purpose To assess the accuracy of detecting lateral mass and facet joint injuries of the subaxial cervical spine on plain radiographs using computed tomography (CT) scan images as a reference standard; and the integrity of morphological landmarks of the lateral mass and facet joints of the subaxial cervical spine. Overview of Literature Injuries of lateral mass and facet joints potentially lead to an unstable subaxial cervical spine and concomitant neurological sequelae. However, no study has evaluated the accuracy of detecting specific facet joint injuries. Methods Eight spinal surgeons scored four sets of the same, randomly re-ordered, 30 cases with and without facet joint injuries of the subaxial cervical spine. Two surveys included conventional plain radiographs series (test) and another two surveys included CT scan images (reference). Facet joint injury characteristics were assessed for accuracy and reliability. Raw agreement, Fleiss kappa, Cohen's kappa and intraclass correlation coefficient statistics were used for reliability analysis. Majority rules were used for accuracy analysis. Results Of the 21 facet joint injuries discerned on CT scan images, 10 were detected in both plain radiograph surveys (sensitivity, 0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.26-0.70). There were no false positive facet joint injuries in either of the first two X-ray surveys (specificity, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.63-1.0). Five of the 11 cases with missed injuries had an injury below the lowest visible articulating level on radiographs. CT scan images resulted in superior inter- and intra-rater agreement values for assessing morphologic injury characteristics of facet joint injuries. Conclusions Plain radiographs are not accurate, nor reliable for the assessment of facet joint injuries of the subaxial cervical spine. CT scans offer reliable diagnostic information required for the detection and treatment planning of facet joint injuries.
Association between facet joint osteoarthritis and the Oswestry Disability Index
Maataoui, Adel; Vogl, Thomas J; Middendorp, Marcus; Kafchitsas, Konstantinos; Khan, M Fawad
AIM: To investigate the correlation of facet joint osteoarthritis (FJOA) at lumbar levels L4/L5 and L5/S1 and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). METHODS: The study involved lumbar MRIs of 591 patients with a mean age of 47.3 years. The MRIs of the lumbar spine were performed on a 1.5 Tesla scanner (Magnetom® Avanto, Siemens AG, Erlangen, Germany) using a dedicated receive only spine coil. After initial blinding, each dataset was evaluated by 2 board certified radiologist with more than 5 years experience in musculoskeletal imaging. In total 2364 facet joints were graded. Degenerative changes of the facet joints were evaluated according to the 4-point scale as proposed by Weishaupt et al Functional status was assessed using the ODI. The index is scored from 0 to 100 and interpreted as follows: 0%-20%, minimal disability; 20%-40%, moderate disability; 40%-60%, severe disability; 60%-80%, crippled; 80%-100%, patients are bedbound. Spearman's coefficient of rank correlation was used for statistical analysis, with significance set at P < 0.05. RESULTS: In total 2364 facet joints at lumbar levels L4/5 and L5/S1 were analysed in 591 individuals. FJOA was present in 97% (L4/L5) and 98% (L5/S1). At level L4/5 (left/right) 17/15 (2.9%/2.5%) were described as grade 0, 146/147 (24.7%/24.9%) as grade 1, 290/302 (49.1%/51.1%) as grade 2 and 138/127 (23.4%/21.5%) as grade 3. At level L5/S1 (left/right) 10/11 (1.7%/1.9%) were described as grade 0, 136/136 (23.0%/23.0%) as grade 1, 318/325 (53.8%/55.0%) as grade 2 and 127/119 (21.5%/20.1%) as grade 3. Regarding the ODI scores, patients' disability had a minimum of 0% and a maximum of 91.11% with an arithmetic mean of 32.77% ± 17.02%. The majority of patients (48.39%) had moderate functional disability (21%-40%). There was no significant correlation between FJOA and ODI on both sides of lumbar level L4/5 and on the left side of lumbar level L5/S1. A weak positive correlation was evaluated between ODI and FJOA on the right side of lumbar level L5/S1. CONCLUSION: The missing correlation of FJOA and ODI confirms our clinical experience that imaging alone is an insufficient approach explaining low back pain. Clinical correlation is imperative for an adequate diagnostic advance in patients with low back pain. PMID:25431643
In vivo topographic analysis of lumbar facet joint space width distribution in healthy and symptomatic subjects
Simon, Peter; Espinoza Orías, Alejandro A.; Andersson, Gunnar B. J.; An, Howard S.; Inoue, Nozomu
Study Design In vivo three-dimensional facet joint space width measurement. Objective To determine lumbar facet joint space width within clinically relevant topographical zones in vivo and its correlations with age, level and presence of lower back pain symptoms. Summary of Background Data Narrowing of the facet joint gap, articular cartilage thinning, and subarticular cortical bone hypertrophy are frequently observed age-related changes. Facet joint space width is a well-defined parameter to evaluate osteoarthritis. To the best of our knowledge, there is no other study that quantifies three-dimensional facet joint space width distribution in vivo. Methods Three-dimensional measurement to quantify facet joint space width distribution based on five clinically relevant topographic zones in a cohort of healthy and symptomatic low-back-pain volunteers using subject-based three-dimensional CT models with respect to spinal level, subject age, gender and presence/absence of lower back pain. Results Facet joint space width was 1.93±0.51 (mean ± standard deviation) mm for the central zone, 1.75±0.48 mm for the superior zone, 1.63±0.49 mm for the inferior zone, 1.48±0.44 mm for the medial and 1.65±0.48 mm for the lateral zone, respectively. There were no significant differences between right and left facet joints. Males showed larger space width than females. Overall, space width of symptomatic subjects was significantly narrower when compared against the asymptomatic group. Facet joints in the peripheral zones were narrower than in the central zone. Age-group comparisons showed local narrowing occurring as early as in the third decade at the inferior zone of L5/S1 with all the remaining zones implicated after the fourth decade. Conclusions This in vivo study shows variations in facet joint space width narrowing with spinal level and region within the facet joint and in vivo evidence of localized, age-influenced facet cartilage thinning. Techniques developed in this study may be applied in the detection of early osteoarthritis-related changes in the facet joints. PMID:22433501
Lumbar Facet Joint Arthritis Is Associated with More Coronal Orientation of the Facet Joints at the Upper Lumbar Spine
Jentzsch, Thorsten; Geiger, James; Zimmermann, Stefan M.; Slankamenac, Ksenija; Nguyen-Kim, Thi Dan Linh; Werner, Clément M. L.
We retrospectively analyzed CT scans of 620 individuals, who presented to our traumatology department between 2008 and 2010. Facet joint (FJ) arthritis was present in 308 (49.7%) individuals with a mean grade of 1. It was seen in 27% of individuals ?40 years and in 75% of individuals ?41 years (P < 0.0001) as well as in 52% of females and 49% of males (P = 0.61). Mean FJ orientation was 30.4° at L2/3, 38.7° at L3/4, 47° at L4/5, and 47.3° at L5/S1. FJ arthritis was significantly associated with more coronal (increased degree) FJ orientation at L2/3 (P = 0.03) with a cutoff point at ?32°. FJs were more coronally oriented (48.8°) in individuals ?40 years and more sagittally oriented (45.6°) in individuals ?41 years at L5/S1 (P = 0.01). Mean FJ asymmetry was 4.89° at L2/3, 6.01° at L3/4, 6.67° at L4/5, and 7.27° at L5/S1, without a significant difference for FJ arthritis. FJ arthritis is common, increases with age, and affects both genders equally. More coronally oriented FJs (?32°) in the upper lumbar spine may be an individual risk factor for development of FJ arthritis. PMID:24260713
Desmoid Type Fibromatosis in the Facet Joint of Lumbar Spine: Case Report and Review of Literature
Kim, So Jung; Lee, Sang Min; Kang, Haeyoun
Desmoid type fibromatosis is a benign fibroblastic tumor arising from the fascia or musculoaponeurosis. It may occur in various locations, but most commonly in the shoulder girdle and neck; to our knowledge, there has been no reported case originating from a facet joint of the spine. We report CT and MR imaging findings of a desmoid type fibromatosis, involving the facet joint of the L3-4 spine with bone involvement. PMID:24043979
Material Properties of the Human Lumbar Facet Joint Capsule
Little, Jesse S.; Khalsa, Partap S.
The human facet joint capsule is one of the structures in the lumbar spine that constrains motions of vertebrae during global spine loading (e.g., physiological flexion). Computational models of the spine have not been able to include accurate nonlinear and viscoelastic material properties, as they have not previously been measured. Capsules were tested using a uniaxial ramp-hold protocol or a haversine displacement protocol using a commercially available materials testing device. Plane strain was measured optically. Capsules were tested both parallel and perpendicular to the dominant orientation of the collagen fibers in the capsules. Viscoelastic material properties were determined. Parallel to the dominant orientation of the collagen fibers, the complex modulus of elasticity was E* = 1.63MPa, with a storage modulus of E? = 1.25MPa and a loss modulus of: E? = 0.39MPa. The mean stress relaxation rates for static and dynamic loading were best fit with first-order polynomials: B (?) = 0.1110 ? ? 0.0733 and B (?) = ?0.1249? 11794-8181 +0.0190, respectively. Perpendicular to the collagen fiber orientation, the viscous and elastic secant moduli were 1.81 and 1.00 MPa, respectively. The mean stress relaxation rate for static loading was best fit with a first-order polynomial: B (?) = ? 0.04? ? 0.06. Capsule strength parallel and perpendicular to collagen fiber orientation was 1.90 and 0.95 MPa, respectively, and extensibility was 0.65 and 0.60, respectively. Poisson's ratio parallel and perpendicular to fiber orientation was 0.299 and 0.488, respectively. The elasticity moduli were nonlinear and anisotropic, and capsule strength was larger aligned parallel to the collagen fibers. The phase lag between stress and strain increased with haversine frequency, but the storage modulus remained large relative to the complex modulus. The stress relaxation rate was strain dependent parallel to the collagen fibers, but was strain independent perpendicularly. PMID:15868784
Encapsulated Ruffini-like endings in human lumbar facet joints
The innervation of the human lumbar facet joint capsule was studied by light and electron microscopy. Small numbers of encapsulated corpuscular endings were identified in the dense fibrous layer. Clusters of 2 types of endings were found: small cylindrical corpuscles (type 1) and large fusiform corpuscles (type 2). The corpuscles were classified structurally as Ruffini-type endings. The 1st type was predominant and characterised by a compartmentalised receptor complex, a thin perineurial capsule and a narrow subcapsular space. The 2nd type was characterised by a thicker perineurial capsule, a 'spindle-like' receptive complex, and an extensive subcapsular space with capillaries and concentrically oriented fibroblast-like cells. Both types of endings were innervated mainly by thinly myelinated group III (A delta) and unmyelinated group IV (C) nerve fibres that branched and terminated in the receptor complex. Their sensory endings were intimately related to the collagen fibre bundles as multiple enlarged axonal segments ('beads') with ultrastructural features which were characteristic of receptive sites: an accumulation of mitochondria and vesicles, and 'bare' areas of axolemma lacking a Schwann cell investment but covered by a thin basal lamina. Some beads in the 2nd type of ending contained granular vesicles, 30–60 mm in diameter, resembling sympathetic nerve endings. Small diameter collagen fibrils situated within multilayered basal laminae were found among the multiple receptive sites in the receptive complex in both types of ending. Their possible functional significance in mechanoreception is discussed. Particular attention has been given to their apparent variable orientation to the mechanoreceptive site. PMID:9449076
Prevalence of Facet Joint Degeneration in Association with Intervertebral Joint Degeneration in a Sample of Organ Donors
Muehleman, Carol; Li, Jun; Abe, Yumiko; Masuda, Koichi
Among the most common causes of low back pain are strain on the muscles and ligaments associated with the spine, degeneration of the intervertebral discs (IVD), and osteoarthritis of the facet joints. It is not clear, however, how these latter two conditions are related to each other in terms of their development during a patient's lifetime. The facet joint is the sole synovial joint of the spine but because it is difficult to image its degenerative history as well as its relationship to other degenerative factors within the spine remain elusive. We compared the gross and histologic characteristics of the lumbar spine from a sample of organ donors to the integrity of their associated IVDs as assessed through magnetic resonance imaging. In our study sample, we found that facet joint degeneration was common, occurring as early as 15 years of age, while the IVD could still remain intact. Facet degeneration was more severe at the L4/5 level and progressed along with IVD degeneration with age. Because such early degenerative changes in the facet joint are somewhat surprising, degeneration of this joint should not be overlooked when assessing OA of the spine and causes of lower back pain. PMID:21360583
Increase in facet joint loading after nucleotomy in the human lumbar spine.
Ivicsics, M F; Bishop, N E; Püschel, K; Morlock, M M; Huber, G
Low-back pain has been related to degenerative changes after nucleotomy. Although several etiologies for pain after nucleotomy have been proposed, there is evidence of pain arising in the facet joints in general, which may be related to changes in load transfer. This study addresses the effect of nucleotomy on facet joint loading. Nine human lumbar motion segments (age: 40-59 years) were loaded in axial compression and extension-flexion. Reaction forces were compared with soft tissue structures sequentially removed. After nucleotomy the facets supported significantly greater load, almost doubling from a median of 8.6% of the applied external force to 15.8%. Force transmission related to the capsular ligament increased significantly from an intact median of 1.2-5.1% after nucleotomy. No correlation was observed between force increase on the facets and the proportion of disc nucleus removed. Even a small quantity of nucleus removal (range: 0.7-1.7g) increased the forces transmitted over the facet joints, both with and without capsular ligaments. This suggests that the proportion of material removed might not be important clinically with regard to facet joint degeneration and pain. PMID:24661835
The Effects of Lumbar Facet Dowels on Joint Stiffness: A Biomechanical Study
Trahan, Jayme; Morales, Eric; Richter, Erich O.; Tender, Gabriel C.
Background Facet joint arthrosis may play a significant role in low back pain generation. The placement of facet dowels is a percutaneous treatment that aims to fuse the facets and increase joint stiffness. In this cadaveric study, we evaluated spine stiffness after facet dowel insertion in combination with several surgical procedures and determined which motions promote dowel migration. Methods Six fresh frozen lumbar spines were tested in flexion-extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation. Spine stiffness was determined for the intact specimens, after L4 laminectomy, and after bilateral L4-L5 facet dowel placement, respectively. One specimen underwent a unilateral transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) construct and another underwent extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF) graft (22 mm) placement, followed by placement of facet dowels. Afterwards, the specimens were subjected to 10,000 cycles of fatigue testing in flexion-extension or axial rotation. Results The overall decrease in stiffness after laminectomy was 4.6%. Facet dowel placement increased overall stiffness by 7.2%. The greatest increase was seen with axial rotation (13%), compared to flexion, extension, and lateral bending (9.5%, 2.3%, and 5.6%, respectively). The TLIF and XLIF plus dowel construct increased specimen stiffness to 266% and 163% of baseline, respectively. After fatigue testing, dowel migration was detected by computed tomography in the 2 uninstrumented specimens undergoing axial rotation cycling. Conclusion Facet dowels increase the stiffness of the motion segment to which they are applied and can be used in conjunction with laminectomy procedures to increase the stiffness of the joint. However, dowel migration can occur after axial rotation movements. Hybrid TLIF or XLIF plus facet dowel constructs have significantly higher stiffness than noninstrumented ones and may prevent dowel migration. PMID:24688332
The Effect of Augmented Reality Training on Percutaneous Needle Placement in Spinal Facet Joint Injections
Caitlin T. Yeo; Tamas Ungi; Paweena U-Thainual; Andras Lasso; Robert C. McGraw; Gabor Fichtinger
The purpose of this study was to determine if aug- mented reality image overlay and laser guidance systems can assist medical trainees in learning the correct placement of a needle for percutaneous facet joint injection. The Perk Station training suite was used to conduct and record the needle insertion procedures. A total of 40 volunteers were randomized into two groups
Lumbar facet joint fat pads: their normal anatomy and their appearance when enlarged
J. R. Taylor; C. C. McCormick
The polar recesses, superior and inferior to lumbar facet joints, are filled by fat pads from which fatfilled synovial folds project between the articular surfaces for a distance of two to four millimetres. The intracapsular superior recess lies between the ligamentum flavum and the lamina above. The extracapsular inferior recess lies on the back of the lamina below and communicates
A Novel Modality for Facet Joint Denervation: Cooled Radiofrequency Ablation for Lumbar Facet Syndrome. A Case Series
McCormick, Zachary L; Walker, Jeremy; Marshall, Benjamin; McCarthy, Robert; Walega, David R
Background While cooled radiofrequency ablation (C-RFA) appears to be a promising technology for joint denervation, outcomes of this technique for the treatment of lumbar facet syndrome have not been described. We report clinical outcomes in a case series of patients treated with C-RFA for lumbar facet syndrome. Methods Consecutive patients aged 18-60 years diagnosed with lumbar facet syndrome, confirmed by ?75% symptom relief with at least one set of diagnostic medial branch nerve blocks, who underwent C-RFA between January 2007 and December 2013 in an urban academic pain center were included. The respective proportions of participants who reported ?50% improvement in pain and in function were calculated. Change in median NRS score, daily morphine equivalent consumption (DME), and medication quantification scale III (MQS III) score were measured. Results Twelve patients underwent C-RFA; three were lost to follow-up. The median and 25%-75% interquartile range (IQR) for age was 44 years (35, 54). The median duration of follow-up was 34 months, IQR (21, 55). The percentage and 95% confidence interval (CI) of patients who reported ?50% improvement in pain was 33% CI (12%, 64%) and in function was 78%, CI (41%, 96%). There was no significant change in DME or MSQ III score. Approximately 50% of patients sought additional healthcare by long-term follow-up. No complications were reported. Conclusions This case series suggests that C-RFA may improve function and to a lesser degree pain at long-term follow-up. A randomized, controlled trial is warranted. PMID:25866845
Congenital absence of lumbosacral articular facet joint associated with conjoined nerve root: a case report
Shinji Yoshioka; Koichi Sairyo; Toshinori Sakai; Natsuo Yasui
We report a rare case of congenital absence of the L5-S1 facet joint, which was associated with a conjoined nerve root. Combination\\u000a of these two anomalies has been quite rarely reported in the literature. A 39-year-old man presented with acute low back pain\\u000a and right leg radiating pain. Muscle weakness and sensory disturbance of the right leg were also apparent
Pedicle marrow signal intensity changes in the lumbar spine: a manifestation of facet degenerative joint disease
Jennifer L. Morrison; Phoebe A. Kaplan; Robert G. Dussault; Mark W. Anderson
Objective. Signal intensity changes in lumbar pedicles, similar to those described in vertebral body endplates adjacent to degenerated\\u000a discs, have been described as an ancillary sign of spondylolysis on MRI. The purpose of this study was to determine whether\\u000a pedicle marrow signal intensity changes also occur in association with facet degenerative joint disease.\\u000a \\u000a \\u000a Design. Eighty-nine lumbar spine MRI examinations without
Geometry of the articular facets of the lateral atlanto-axial joints in the case of occipitalization.
Ryniewicz, A M; Skrzat, J; Ryniewicz, A; Ryniewicz, W; Walocha, J
This study investigates if atlanto-occipital fusion affects the size and geometrical configuration of the articular facets of the atlanto-axial joint. Morphometric analysis was performed on the male adult skull, the occipital bone of which is assimilated with the first cervical vertebrae (the atlas). The perimeter, Feret's diameter, surface area, and circularity of the inferior articular fa-cets were measured. However, we did not observe significant bilateral differences in size of the inferior articular facets of the assimilated atlas compared to normal first cervical vertebrae. Geometrical conformation of the articular facets of the atlas and axis was assessed using a coordinate measuring machine (PMM - 12106, Leitz). The results obtained from this machine indicated that the inferior articular facets of the assimilated atlas presented asymmetrical orientation compared to the normal anatomy of the atlas. Hence, in the case of occipitalization, the gap between the articulating facets of the atlas and the axis was measured to be greater than in the normal atlanto-axial joint. Computer assisted tomography was applied to visualise the anatomical relationship between the inferior articular facets of the assimilated atlas and the corresponding facets located on the axis. In this case, radiographic examination revealed that the bilaterally articulating facets (inferior and superior) showed disproportion in their adjustment within the lateral atlanto-axial joints. Thus, we concluded that the fusion of the atlas with the occipital bone altered the geometry of the inferior articular facets of the atlas and influenced the orientation of the superior articular facets of the axis. PMID:21154284
Painful facet joint injury induces neuronal stress activation in the DRG: implications for cellular mechanisms of pain.
Dong, Ling; Odeleye, Akinleye O; Jordan-Sciutto, Kelly L; Winkelstein, Beth A
The cervical facet joint is implicated as one of the most common sources of chronic neck pain, owing to its rich nociceptive innervation and susceptibility to injurious mechanical loading. Injuries to the facet joint and its ligament can induce inflammation in the joint and spinal cord. Inflammatory molecules which are known to have a role in pain can also stimulate the integrated stress response (ISR). Therefore, we hypothesize that ISR is activated by facet joint injury in a rodent model of pain. To address this hypothesis, we assessed the expression of binding protein (BiP) (also known as growth-related protein 78 (GRP78)), a marker of endoplasmic reticulum stress response, in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) after painful facet joint injury. In a rodent model of facet joint injury, dynamic distraction of the C6/C7 joint (injury, n=12) was imposed; sham procedures were performed separately (sham, n=8). Forepaw mechanical allodynia was assessed postoperatively for 7 days as a quantitative measure of pain symptoms. The C6 DRG was harvested and assessed for BiP expression using triple label immunofluorescent confocal microscopy and immunoblot analyses. BiP was significantly higher (p<0.001) in the DRG after injury than sham and was expressed predominantly in neurons. Similarly, quantification of BiP by immunoblot demonstrated a significant 2.1-fold increase (p=0.03) in injury compared to sham at day 7. Findings suggest neuronal stress activation is associated with painful facet joint injury, and that joint loading may directly mediate the behavior of DRG neurons in this class of injury. PMID:18675314
Joint-preserving surgery of valgus ankle osteoarthritis.
Valderrabano, Victor; Paul, Jochen; Monika, Horisberger; Pagenstert, Geert I; Henninger, Heath B; Barg, Alexej
Patients with posttraumatic ankle osteoarthritis (OA) typically present with asymmetric involvement of the tibiotalar joint, resulting in valgus or varus deformity of the ankle and hindfoot. Without appropriate treatment, patients with asymmetric ankle OA typically develop full end-stage ankle OA. Ankles with valgus deformities suffer from a lateral joint overload with subsequent lateral tibiotalar joint degeneration, which causes further lateral load shift. In these cases patients may benefit from joint-preserving realignment surgery to unload the degenerated lateral area and normalize joint biomechanics. This article describes the authors' algorithm for the treatment of patients with asymmetric valgus ankle OA. PMID:24008214
Kras, Jeffrey V.; Dong, Ling; Winkelstein, Beth A.
Study Design This study implemented immunohistochemistry to assay prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptor EP2 expression in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of rats after painful cervical facet joint injury. Objective The objective of this study was to identify if inflammatory cascades are induced in association with cervical facet joint distraction-induced pain by investigating the time course of EP2 expression in the DRG. Summary of Background Data The cervical facet joint is a common source of neck pain and non-physiological stretch of the facet capsular ligament can initiate pain from the facet joint via mechanical injury. PGE2 levels are elevated in painful inflamed and arthritic joints, and PGE2 sensitizes joint afferents to mechanical stimulation. Although in vitro studies suggest the EP2 receptor subtype contributes to painful joint disease the EP2 response has not been investigated for any association with painful mechanical joint injury. Methods Separate groups of male Holtzman rats underwent either a painful cervical facet joint distraction injury or sham procedure. Bilateral forepaw mechanical allodynia was assessed, and immunohistochemical techniques were used to quantify EP2 expression in the DRG at days 1 and 7. Results Facet joint distraction induced mechanical allodynia that was significant (p<0.024) at all time points. Painful joint injury also significantly elevated total EP2 expression in the DRG at day 1 (p=0.009), which was maintained also at day 7 (p<0.001). Neuronal expression of EP2 in the DRG was only increased over sham levels at day 1 (p=0.013). Conclusions Painful cervical facet joint distraction induces an immediate and sustained increase of EP2 expression in the DRG, implicating peripheral inflammation in the initiation and maintenance of facet joint pain. The transient increase in neuronal EP2 suggests, as in other painful joint conditions, that after joint injury non-neuronal cells may migrate to the DRG, some of which likely express EP2. PMID:22789984
Lumbar Facet Joint Synovial Cysts: Does T2 Signal Intensity Predict Outcomes after Percutaneous Rupture?
Cambron, S.C.; McIntyre, J.J.; Guerin, S.J.; Li, Z.; Pastel, D.A.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Lumbar facet synovial cysts are a cause of back pain and radiculopathy with facet joint degeneration, the most common cause for cyst formation. Typically, LFSCs are T2 hyperintense on MR imaging, but the signal intensity is variable. Treatment options include percutaneous rupture and surgical resection. This study evaluates the relationship between LFSC signal intensity on MR imaging and outcomes as it relates to percutaneous rupture success and need for subsequent surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review of 110 patients who underwent CT fluoroscopic-guided rupture of symptomatic LFSCs was performed. The LFSCs were characterized by their T2 signal intensity on MR imaging and divided into 3 groups: high, intermediate, and low T2 signal intensity. The rates of successful cyst rupture and need for subsequent surgery were recorded. RESULTS Percutaneous LFSC rupture was technically successful in 87% of all cases. Cyst rupture was successful in 89% and 90% of high and intermediate signal intensity cysts, respectively, and in 65% of low signal intensity cysts (P = .017, .030). High signal intensity cysts had lower postprocedural surgical rates (29%) when compared with intermediate and low signal cyst as a group (P = .045). CONCLUSIONS T2 hyperintense and intermediate signal intensity LFSCs are easier to rupture, perhaps because the cysts contain a higher proportion of fluid and are less gelatinous or calcified than T2 hypointense cysts. Patients with T2 hyperintense LFSCs are less likely to need surgery. PMID:23449657
Fine structure of vesiculated nerve profiles in the human lumbar facet joint.
Vandenabeele, F; Creemers, J; Lambrichts, I; Robberechts, W
The ultrastructural features of vesiculated nerve profiles were examined within a perivascular plexus of unmyelinated nerve fibres around small arteries and arterioles in the posterior facet joint capsule. Such profiles were exclusively observed in the dense fibrous layer and the adjacent part of the subintimal layer. The ligamentum flavum lacked any type of innervation. The vesiculated nerve profiles were tentatively classified on the basis of the fine structural appearances of their vesicular content. Two major types of nerve profiles could readily be distinguished in the capsular tissue. Both displayed a variable number of mitochondria, neurotubules and neurofilaments. The first type, containing predominantly small vesicles with an electron-dense granule or core, was frequently encountered and considered to be adrenergic in function. Profiles similar in morphology were also observed in the synovial plical tissue. A second type of profile, found in the joint capsule, contained varying proportions of small agranular (clear) vesicles and mitochondria. Some of these profiles exhibited an accumulation of mitochondria and were considered to be sensory in function. Nerve profiles filled with predominantly small flattened vesicles were occasionally encountered. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 PMID:8586567
Tensile stretching of cervical facet joint capsule and related axonal changes
Singh, Anita; Lu, Ying; Chen, Chaoyang; Patwardhan, Ajit; Cavanaugh, John M.
This study examines axonal changes in goat cervical facet joint capsules (FJC) subjected to low rate loading. Left C5–C6 FJC was subjected to a series of tensile tests from 2 mm to failure using a computer-controlled actuator. The FJC strain on the dorsal aspect was monitored by a stereo-imaging system. Stretched (n = 10) and unstretched (n = 7) capsules were harvested and serial sections were processed by a silver impregnation method. The mean peak actuator displacement was 21.3 mm (range: 12–30 mm). The average peak strain encompassing various regions of the capsule was 72.9 ± 7.1%. Complete failure of the capsule was observed in 70% of the stretched capsules. Silver impregnation of the sections revealed nerve fibers and bundles in all the regions of the capsule. A blinded analysis of digital photomicrographs of axons revealed a statistically significant number of swollen axons with non-uniform caliber in stretched FJCs. Axons with terminal retraction balls, with occasional beaded appearance or with vacuolations were also observed. Stretching the FJC beyond physiological range could result in altered axonal morphology that may be related to secondary or delayed axotomy changes similar to those seen in central nervous system injuries where axons are subjected to stretching and shearing. These may contribute to neuropathic pain and are potentially related to neck pain after whiplash events. PMID:18080147
Incorporation of Lower Neck Shear Forces to Predict Facet Joint Injury Risk in Low-Speed Automotive Rear Impacts
Brian D. Stemper; Steven G. Storvik
Lower neck shear force remains a viable candidate for a low-velocity automotive rear-impact injury criterion. Data were previously reported to demonstrate high correlations between the magnitude of lower neck shear force and lower cervical spine facet joint motions. The present study determined the ability of lower neck shear force to predict soft-tissue injury risk in simulated automotive rear impacts. Rear-impact
JOINT DETERIORATION MONITORING FOR SELECTION OF PROPER PRESERVATION TYPE AND TIMING Research Problem Statement Premature deterioration at concrete pavement joints reduces concrete pavement life Roadmap that has resulted in multiple studies dealing with mechanisms that cause joint deterioration
Effect of changing lumbar stiffness by single facet joint dysfunction on the responsiveness of lumbar muscle spindles to vertebral movement
Reed, William R.; Pickar, Joel G.; Long, Cynthia R.
Objective: Individuals experiencing low back pain often present clinically with intervertebral joint dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to determine whether relative changes in stiffness at a single spinal joint alters neural responsiveness of lumbar muscle spindles to either vertebral movement or position. Methods: Muscle spindle discharge was recorded in response to 1mm L6 ramp and hold movements (0.5mm/s) in the same animal for lumbar laminectomy-only (n=23), laminectomy & L5/6 facet screw (n=19), laminectomy & L5/6 facetectomy (n=5) conditions. Mean instantaneous frequency (MIF) was calculated for the ramp-up, hold, ramp-down and post-ramp phases during each joint condition. Results: Mean MIFs were not significantly different between the laminectomy-only and the other two types of joint dysfunction for the ramp-up, hold, ramp-down, or post-ramp phases. Conclusion: Stiffness changes caused by single facet joint dysfunction failed to alter spindle responses during slow 1mm ramp and hold movements of the L6 vertebra. PMID:24932020
Percutaneous Resolution of Lumbar Facet Joint Cysts as an Alternative Treatment to Surgery: A Meta-Analysis
Shuang, Feng; Hou, Shu-Xun; Zhu, Jia-Liang; Ren, Dong-Feng; Cao, Zheng; Tang, Jia-Guang
Purpose A comprehensive review of the literature in order to analyze data about the success rate of percutaneous resolution of the lumbar facet joint cysts as a conservative management strategy. Methods A systematic search for relevant articles published during 1980 to May 2014 was performed in several electronic databases by using the specific MeSH terms and keywords. Most relevant data was captured and pooled for the meta-analysis to achieve overall effect size of treatment along with 95% confidence intervals. Results 29 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Follow-up duration as mean ± sd (range) was 16±10.2 (5 days to 5.7 years). Overall the satisfactory results (after short- or long-term follow-up) were achieved in 55.8 [49.5, 62.08] % (pooled mean and 95% CI) of the 544 patients subjected to percutaneous lumbar facet joint cyst resolution procedures. 38.67 [33.3, 43.95] % of this population underwent surgery subsequently to achieve durable relief. There existed no linear relationship between the increasing average duration of follow-up period of individual studies and percent satisfaction from the percutaneous resolutions procedure. Conclusion Results shows that the percutaneous cyst resolution procedures have potential to be an alternative to surgical interventions but identification of suitable subjects requires further research. PMID:25389771
Locality preserving score for joint feature weights learning.
Yan, Hui; Yang, Jian
Locality preserving measurement criterion is frequently used for assessing the quality of features. However, locality preserving criterion based unsupervised feature selection algorithms have two widely acknowledged weaknesses: (1) The performance of feature selection heavily depends on the effectiveness of the similarity matrix, which is defined in the original space, and thus it is probably inconsistent with the one in the weighted space. (2) Greedy searching strategy neglects the correlation and redundancy among features. To alleviate these deficiencies, we propose a novel unsupervised feature selection algorithm by jointly learning adaptive nearest neighbors in the weighed space. An effective iterative algorithm is developed to solve the proposed formulation, where each iteration reduces to a convex subproblem which can be efficiently solved with some off-the-shelf toolboxes. The results of experiments on the UCI and face data sets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, for outperforming many state-of-the-art unsupervised and supervised feature selection methods in terms of classification accuracy. PMID:26113239
Activating transcription factor 4, a mediator of the integrated stress response, is increased in the dorsal root ganglia following painful facet joint distraction
Dong, Ling; Guarino, Benjamin B.; Jordan-Sciutto, Kelly L.; Winkelstein, Beth A.
Chronic neck pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders in the US. Although biomechanical and clinical studies have implicated the facet joint as a primary source of neck pain, specific cellular mechanisms still remain speculative. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a mediator (ATF4) of the integrated stress response (ISR) is involved in facet-mediated pain. Holtzman rats underwent C6/C7 facet joint loading that produces either painful (n=16) or nonpainful (n=8) responses. A sham group (n=9) was also included as surgical controls. Behavioral sensitivity was measured and the C6 DRGs were harvested on day 7 to evaluate the total and neuronal ATF4 expression. In separate groups, an intra-articular ketorolac injection was administered either immediately (D0 ketorolac) or 1 day (D1 ketorolac) after painful facet joint loading. Allodynia was measured at days 1 and 7 after injury to assess the effects on behavioral responses. ATF4 and BiP (an indicator of ISR activation) were separately quantified at day 7. Facet joint loading sufficient to elicit behavioral hypersensitivity produced a 3-fold increase in total and neuronal ATF4 expression in the DRG. After ketorolac treatment at the time of injury, ATF4 expression was significantly (p<0.01) reduced despite not producing any attenuation of behavioral responses. Interestingly, ketorolac treatment at day 1 significantly (p<0.001) alleviated behavioral sensitivity at day 7, but did not modify ATF4 expression. BiP expression was unchanged after either intervention time. Results suggest that ATF4-dependent activation of the ISR does not directly contribute to persistent pain, but may sensitize neurons responsible for pain initiation. These behavioral and immunohistochemical findings imply that facet-mediated pain may be sustained through other pathways of the ISR. PMID:21821103
Mild to Moderate Hip OA: Joint Preservation or Total Hip Arthroplasty?
Peters, Christopher L
Treatment of structural hip disease such as FAI and acetabular dysplasia has increased dramatically over the past decade with the goal of preservation of the native hip joint. A number of patient and disease specific parameters including the amount of underlying hip osteoarthrosis can help predict success with joint preservation surgery. Total hip arthroplasty remains a very good option in young patients who are not ideal candidates for joint preservation surgery. Future developments will help to better identify ideal surgical candidates and improve understanding of the disease processes. PMID:25842248
Indian Hedgehog signaling pathway members are associated with magnetic resonance imaging manifestations and pathological scores in lumbar facet joint osteoarthritis
Shuang, Feng; Zhou, Ying; Hou, Shu-Xun; Zhu, Jia-Liang; Liu, Yan; Zhang, Chun-Li; Tang, Jia-Guang
Indian Hedgehog (HH) has been shown to be involved in osteoarthritis (OA) in articular joints, where there is evidence that Indian HH blockade could ameliorate OA. It seems to play a prominent role in development of the intervertebral disc (IVD) and in postnatal maintenance. There is little work on IHH in the IVD. Hence the aim of the current study was to investigate the role of Indian Hedgehog in the pathology of facet joint (FJ) OA. 24 patients diagnosed with lumbar intervertebral disk herniation or degenerative spinal stenosis were included. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) histopathology grading system was correlated to the mRNA levels of GLI1, PTCH1, and HHIP in the FJs. The Weishaupt grading and OARSI scores showed high positive correlation (r?=?0.894) (P?0.01). MRI Weishaupt grades showed positive correlation with GLI1 (r?=?0.491), PTCH1 (r?=?0.444), and HHIP (r?=?0.654) mRNA levels (P?0.05 in each case). OARSI scores were also positively correlated with GLI1 (r?=?0. 646), PTCH1 (r?=?0. 518), and HHIP (r?=?0.762) mRNA levels (P?0.01 in each case). Cumulatively our findings indicate that Indian HH signaling is increased in OA and is perhaps a key component in OA pathogenesis and progression. PMID:25992955
Early afferent activity from the facet joint after painful trauma to its capsule potentiates neuronal excitability and glutamate signaling in the spinal cord.
Crosby, Nathan D; Gilliland, Taylor M; Winkelstein, Beth A
Cervical facet joint injury induces persistent pain and central sensitization. Preventing the peripheral neuronal signals that initiate sensitization attenuates neuropathic pain. Yet, there is no clear relationship among facet joint afferent activity, development of central sensitization, and pain, which may be hindering effective treatments for this pain syndrome. This study investigates how afferent activity from the injured cervical facet joint affects induction of behavioral sensitivity and central sensitization. Intra-articular bupivacaine was administered to transiently suppress afferent activity immediately or 4 days after facet injury. Mechanical hyperalgesia was monitored after injury, and spinal neuronal hyperexcitability and spinal expression of proteins that promote neuronal excitability were measured on day 7. Facet injury with saline vehicle treatment induced significant mechanical hyperalgesia (P<.027), dorsal horn neuronal hyperexcitability (P<.026), upregulation of pERK1/2, pNR1, mGluR5, GLAST, and GFAP, and downregulation of GLT1 (P<.032). However, intra-articular bupivacaine immediately after injury significantly attenuated hyperalgesia (P<.0001), neuronal hyperexcitability (P<.004), and dysregulation of excitatory signaling proteins (P<.049). In contrast, intra-articular bupivacaine at day 4 had no effect on these outcomes. Silencing afferent activity during the development of neuronal hyperexcitability (4 hours, 8 hours, 1 day) attenuated hyperalgesia and neuronal hyperexcitability (P<.045) only for the treatment given 4 hours after injury. This study suggests that early afferent activity from the injured facet induces development of spinal sensitization via spinal excitatory glutamatergic signaling. Peripheral intervention blocking afferent activity is effective only over a short period of time early after injury and before spinal modifications develop, and is independent of modulating spinal glial activation. PMID:24978827
The Prevalence of Lumbar Spine Facet Joint Osteoarthritis and Its Association with Low Back Pain in Selected Korean Populations
Vaccaro, Alexander R.; Lee, Sangwook; Lee, Jaekun; Chang, Hojin
Background This study was to evaluate the association of lumbar spine facet joint osteoarthritis (LSFJOA) identified by multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) with age and low back pain (LBP) in an adult community-based population in Korea. Methods A sample of 472 participants (age range, 20 to 84 years) who underwent MDCT imaging for abdominal or urological lesions, not for chief complaints of LBP, were included in this study. LSFJOA based on MDCT findings was characterized using four grades of osteoarthritis of the facet joints. The prevalence of LSFJOA according to age group (below 40 years, 40-49 years, 50-59 years, 60-69 years, and above 70 years), gender, and spinal level was analyzed using chi-square tests and the association between LBP and LSFJOA adjusting for age, gender, and spine level was analyzed using multiple binary logistic regression test. Results Eighty-three study subjects (17.58%) had LSFJOA (grade ? 2). The prevalence of LSFJOA was not associated with gender (p = 0.092). The prevalence of LSFJOA increased with age (p = 0.015). The highest prevalence of LSFJOA was observed at L4-5 in men (p = 0.001) and at L5-S1 in women (p = 0.003), and at L5-S1 in the overall population (p = 0.000). LSFJOA was not associated with LBP in men (p = 0.093) but was associated with LBP in women (p = 0.003), especially at L3-4 (p = 0.018) and L5-S1 (p = 0.026). Conclusions The prevalence of LSFJOA based on the computed tomography imaging was 17.58% in the adult community Korean population. The prevalence of LSFJOA increased with age, and the highest prevalence was noted at L5-S1. LSFJOA was not associated with LBP at any spinal level and age except at L3-4 and L5-S1 in women. PMID:25436061
The use of surface strain data and a neural networks solution method to determine lumbar facet joint loads during in vitro spine testing.
Sawa, Anna G U; Crawford, Neil R
A new method for determining facet loads during in vitro spine loading using strain gauges and a neural networks solution method was investigated. A test showed that the new solution method was more robust than and as accurate as a previously presented graphical solution method for computing facet loads using surface strain. The technique was subsequently utilized to assess facet loads at L1-L2 during flexibility testing [7.5 N m pure moments in flexion (FL), extension (EX), right and left axial rotation (AR), and right and left lateral bending (LB)], and stiffness testing (FL-EX with 400 N compressive follower load) of six human lumbar spine segments (T12-L2). In contrast to other techniques, such as thin film sensors or pressure-sensitive film, the strain-gauge method leaves the facet joint capsule intact during data collection, presumably allowing more natural load transmission. During flexibility tests, the mean (+/-standard deviation) calculated facet loads (in N) were 46.1+/-41.3 (FL), 51.5+/-39.0 (EX), 70.3+/-43.2 (AR-contralateral side), 31.3+/-33.4 (AR-ipsilateral side), 30.6+/-29.1 (LB-contralateral side), and 32.0+/-44.4 (LB-ipsilateral side). During stiffness tests, the calculated facet loads were 45.5+/-40.4 (upright), 46.6+/-41.9 (full FL), and 75.4+/-39.0 (full EX), corresponding to an equivalent of 11.4%, 11.6%, and 18.8% of the compressive follower load (upright, full FL and EX, respectively). The error associated with this technique, which was below 11 N for loads up to 125 N, is comparable to that reported with other techniques. The new method shows promise for assessing facet load during in vitro spine testing, an important parameter when evaluating new implant systems and surgical techniques. PMID:18657814
Development of a model based method for investigating facet articulation.
Cook, Daniel J; Cheng, Boyle C
Reported investigations of facet articulation in the human spine have often been conducted through the insertion of pressure sensitive film into the joint space, which requires incision of the facet capsule and may alter the characteristics of interaction between the facet surfaces. Load transmission through the facet has also been measured using strain gauges bonded to the articular processes. While this method allows for preservation of the facet capsule, it requires extensive instrumentation of the spine, as well as strain-gauge calibration, and is highly sensitive to placement and location of the strain gauges. The inherently invasive nature of these techniques makes it difficult to translate them into medical practice. A method has been developed to investigate facet articulation through the application of test kinematics to a specimen-specific rigid-body model of each vertebra within a lumbar spine segment. Rigid-body models of each vertebral body were developed from CT scans of each specimen. The distances between nearest-neighboring points on each facet surface were calculated for specific time frames of each specimen's flexion/extension test. A metric describing the proportion of each facet surface within a distance (2 mm) from the neighboring surface, the contact area ratio (CAR), was calculated at each of these time frames. A statistically significant difference (p<0.037) was found in the CAR between the time frames corresponding to full flexion and full extension in every level of the lumbar spine (L1-L5) using the data obtained from the seven specimens evaluated in this study. The finding that the contact area of the facet is greater in extension than flexion corresponds to other findings in the literature, as well as the generally accepted role of the facets in extension. Thus, a biomechanical method with a sufficiently sensitive metric is presented as a means to evaluate differences in facet articulation between intact and treated or between healthy and pathologic spines. PMID:20887038
Preserving the Illustrated Text. Report of the Joint Task Force on Text and Image.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Commission on Preservation and Access, Washington, DC.
The mission of the Joint Task Force on Text and Image was to inquire into the problems, needs, and methods for preserving images in text that are important for scholarship in a wide range of disciplines and to draw from that exploration a set of principles, guidelines, and recommendations for a comprehensive national strategy for image…
Fluoroscopic cervical epidural injections in chronic axial or disc-related neck pain without disc herniation, facet joint pain, or radiculitis
Manchikanti, Laxmaiah; Cash, Kimberly A; Pampati, Vidyasagar; Malla, Yogesh
Background While chronic neck pain is a common problem in the adult population, with a typical 12-month prevalence of 30%–50%, there is a lack of consensus regarding its causes and treatment. Despite limited evidence, cervical epidural injections are one of the commonly performed nonsurgical interventions in the management of chronic neck pain. Methods A randomized, double-blind, active, controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of cervical interlaminar epidural injections of local anesthetic with or without steroids for the management of chronic neck pain with or without upper extremity pain in patients without disc herniation, radiculitis, or facet joint pain. Results One hundred and twenty patients without disc herniation or radiculitis and negative for facet joint pain by means of controlled diagnostic medial branch blocks were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups, ie, injection of local anesthetic only (group 1) or local anesthetic mixed with nonparticulate betamethasone (group 2). The primary outcome of significant pain relief and improvement in functional status (?50%) was demonstrated in 72% of group 1 and 68% of group 2. The overall average number of procedures per year was 3.6 in both groups with an average total relief per year of 37–39 weeks in the successful group over a period of 52 weeks. Conclusion Cervical interlaminar epidural injections of local anesthetic with or without steroids may be effective in patients with chronic function-limiting discogenic or axial pain. PMID:22826642
Joint preserving surgery versus arthrodesis in operative treatment of patients with neuromuscular polyneuropathy: questionnaire assessment.
Napiontek, Marek; Pietrzak, Krzysztof
The purpose of the paper was to present the results of surgical treatment of foot deformities in peripheral neuropathies using bone procedures: both joint preserving and with joint arthrodesis. The study included 26 patients, 14 males and 12 females (43 feet). The age of the patients at surgery ranged from 5 to 55 years (average 23 years). The follow-up ranged from 0.5 to 15 years (average 4.3 years). Seventeen patients presented Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, three Friedreich's ataxia and six peripheral motor and sensory neuropathies of undetermined nature. Sixteen patients had bilateral procedures. Four patients had to be re-operated during the follow-up. The patients were divided into four groups depending on the age and the surgical technique applied. The groups I and II (9 children, 17 feet) included patients with growth plate still present in the foot just before surgery. In the groups III and IV (17 adults, 26 feet), bone growth was completed. The assessment of all patients based on a modified AOFAS scale ranged from 44 to 105 points (mean 83.7; SD 17.5). The assessment on the subjective scale ranged from 3 to 10 points (mean 7.4; SD 2.1). The assessment of quality of life on the WOMAC scale ranged from 0 to 41 points (mean 15.7; SD 13.2). All patients stated that they would decide to undergo the treatment again. For groups I and II, joint preserving surgeries gave better results; however, the results could not be statistically confirmed. The results for the groups III and IV were inconclusive as to which surgical techniques should be preferred, arthrodesis or joint preserving. The results show that none of the surgical techniques used for correction of foot deformities in motor-sensory polyneuropathies seems to be preferable. PMID:24968792
Unusual presentation of giant cell tumor originating from a facet joint of the thoracic spine in a child: a case report and review of the literature
Introduction Giant cell tumor of the synovium is a common benign lesion that frequently occurs at the tendon sheaths in the hand; it is usually found in adults over 30 years old. It is related to pigmented villonodular synovitis. Giant cell tumor of the synovium or pigmented villonodular synovitis has been described rarely in the axial skeleton especially in the thoracic vertebrae of a child. Case presentation A previously healthy 7-year-old Thai girl presented with back pain and progressive paraparesis and was unable to walk for 1 month. She had weakness and hyperreflexia of both lower extremities. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a well-defined homogeneously and intensely enhanced extradural mass with cord compression at T4 to T7 levels. The patient underwent laminectomy at T4 through to T7 and total tumor removal. Permanent histopathologic sections and immunostains revealed a giant cell tumor of the synovium. Postoperative neurological status recovered to grade V. Magnetic resonance imaging at the 1-year follow-up showed no recurrence and there was no clinical recurrence at the 2-year follow-up. Conclusion We report an extremely rare case of giant cell tumor in the epidural space that extended from a thoracic facet joint. The tumor was removed successfully through laminectomies. Although giant cell tumor of a facet joint of the thoracic spine is very rare, it must be considered in the differential diagnosis for masses occurring in the epidural space in a child. Total tumor removal is the best treatment. Careful monitoring of recurrence can achieve a good clinical outcome. PMID:23830026
Modeling of facet articulation as a nonlinear moving contact problem: sensitivity study on lumbar facet response.
Sharma, M; Langrana, N A; Rodriguez, J
A finite element (FE) based scheme for modeling facet articulation in a spinal motion segment is proposed. The algorithm presented models the facet articulation as a nonlinear progressive contact problem. This algorithm is used to perform a nonlinear FE analysis of a complete L3-L4 motion segment. The role of facets in load transmission through a motion segment and its sensitivity to facet geometric parameters (i.e., spatial orientation of the facets and the gap between the facet articular surfaces) on this load transmission are studied. Compression, flexion, extension, and torsion loads are used in this study. The effect of facetectomy on gross segment response and disk fiber strains is studied by comparing the response of FE models of motion segment with and without facets. Large facet loads are obtained when the motion segment is subjected to torsional and large extension rotations, whereas minimal facet loads are observed under compression and flexion loading. Removal of facets reduces the segment stiffness considerably in torsion and results in higher strain levels in disk fibers. The facet load transmission is sensitive to facet geometric parameters, i.e., spatial orientation and initial facet joint gap. The facet loads increase uniformly with decrease in initial gap between the facet articular surfaces under compression, extension, and torsional loads. The sensitivity to spatial orientation angles of the facet is, however, found to vary with the type of loading. This sensitivity may account for the wide variation in the facet response reported in literature. PMID:9675690
Feature-preserving optimization for noisy mesh using joint bilateral filter and constrained Laplacian smoothing
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Wei, Mingqiang; Shen, Wuyao; Qin, Jing; Wu, Jianhuang; Wong, Tien-Tsin; Heng, Pheng-Ann
Advanced 3D optical and laser scanners can generate mesh models with high-resolution details, while inevitably introducing noises from various sources and mesh irregularity due to inconsistent sampling. Noises and irregularity of a scanned model prohibit its use in practical applications where high quality models are required. However, optimizing a noisy mesh while preserving its geometric features is a challenging task. We present a robust two-step approach to meet the challenges of noisy mesh optimization. In the first step, we propose a joint bilateral filter to remove noises on a mesh while maintaining its volume and preserving its features. In the second step, we develop a constrained Laplacian smoothing scheme by adding two kinds of constraints into the original Laplacian equation. As most noises have been removed in the first step, we can easily detect feature edges from the model and add them as constraints in the Laplacian smoothing. As a result, the constrained scheme can simultaneously preserve sharp features and avoid volume shrinkage during mesh smoothing. By integrating these two steps, our approach can effectively remove noises, maintain features, improve regularity for a noisy mesh, as well as avoid side-effects such as volume shrinkage. Extensive qualitative and quantitative experiments have been performed on meshes with synthetic and raw noises to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of our approach.
A Comparison of the Degree of Lateral Recess and Foraminal Enlargement With Facet Preservation in the Treatment of Lumbar Stenosis With Standard Surgical Tools Versus a Novel Powered Filing Instrument: A Cadaver Study
Khoo, Larry T.; Yeung, Christopher A.; Yeung, Anthony T.
Background The SurgiFile (SurgiFile, Inc., Carlsbad, California) is a specialized tool designed for the treatment of lateral recess and foraminal stenosis that allows surgeons to internally expand and decompress the entire length of the neural foramen while preserving the integrity of the overlying facet complex. Methods We used two cadaveric specimens in this study. After they removed the lamina and spinous processes of L2, L3, L4, and L5 from the dorsal spine, fellowship-trained spinal surgeons used the standard tools and the SurgiFile to the best of their experience and ability on alternating sides of each level to decompress the lateral recess and neural foramen while still preserving at least 50% of the dorsal facet complex. Using preoperative and postoperative fine-cut CT scans with axial and sagittal reconstructions, we evaluated the degree of decompression and the amount of preserved facet complex using analytical tests and recording the measurements. Results The difference between the proximal recess and lateral foramen of the groups was statistically significant in the axial CT images. On sagittal reconstruction CT images, the difference between the two groups was significant (P < 0.05, Wilcoxon) only for the lateral foramen. Although a strong trend toward better area change was evident for the proximal recess measurements in the experimental tool sides, this did not achieve statistical significance. Macroscopic and CT scans measurements showed that the amount of facetectomy for adequate decompression with the SurgiFile was less than the amount achieved with the standard tools. Conclusions For the treatment of spinal stenosis, this novel powered-file instrument provides surgeons with a new means of decompressing the lateral recess and neural foramina. In this cadaveric study, procedures performed with the SurgiFile tool showed a statistically superior degree of decompression as compared with the standard surgical instruments and techniques. PMID:25802591
Facets: Ersatz, Resource and Tag
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Frické, Martin H.
Introduction: Faceted classification appears to be of utmost importance. Ersatz facets, resource faceting and tag faceting: The distinctions are drawn between facets and ersatz facets, and between faceted resources and faceted tags. Single tag resource faceting and multiple tag information object faceting: The basic features are explored of single…
Urinary CTX?II levels are associated with radiographic subtypes of osteoarthritis in hip, knee, hand, and facet joints in subject with familial osteoarthritis at multiple sites: the GARP study
Meulenbelt, I; Kloppenburg, M; Kroon, H M; Houwing?Duistermaat, J J; Garnero, P; Graverand, M?P Hellio Le; DeGroot, J; Slagboom, P E
Objective To assess the relation between the urinary concentrations of type II collagen C?telopeptide (UCTX?II) and radiographic signs of osteoarthritis (ROA) in the GARP (Genetics, Arthrosis and Progression) study. Methods UCTX?II levels were measured in GARP study participants, who are sibling pairs predominantly with symptomatic osteoarthritis at multiple sites. Kellgren and Lawrence scores were used to assess ROA in the knees, hips, hands, and vertebral facet joints, and spinal disc degeneration. A proportionate score was made for each joint location, based on the number of joints with ROA. The sum total ROA score represents a measure of cartilage abnormalities within each patient. By using linear mixed models the total ROA score and the joint site specific ROA scores were correlated with the UCTX?II level. Results In 302 subjects the mean (SD) and median (range) for UCTX?II were 265 (168) and 219 (1346) ng/mmol creatine, respectively. There was a significant association between the total ROA score and UCTX?II levels. Subsequent multivariate analysis showed that the joint site specific ROA score at all joint sites, except for spinal disc degeneration, contributed independently to this association. Conclusions The total ROA score of GARP patients, representing cartilage abnormalities at the most prevalent ROA joint locations, showed an excellent correlation with UCTX?II levels. The specific ROA scores at the hip, hand, facet, and knee joints additively and independently explained this association. Even in patients with osteoarthritis at multiple sites, UCTX?II may be a sensitive quantitative marker of ROA. PMID:16079167
Comparison of human lumbar facet joint capsule strains during simulated high-velocity, low-amplitude spinal manipulation versus physiological motions
Ianuzzi, Allyson; Khalsa, Partap S.
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Spinal manipulation (SM) is a n effective treatment for low back pain (LBP), and it has been theorized that SM induces a beneficial neurophysiological effect by stimulating mechanically sensitive neurons in the lumbar facet joint capsule (FJC). PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine whether human lumbar FJC strains during simulated SM were different from those that occur during physiological motions. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING Lumbar FJC strains were measured in human cadaveric spine specimens during physiological motions and simulated SM in a laboratory setting. METHODS Specimens were tested during displacement-controlled physiological motions of flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotations. SM was simulated using combinations of manipulation site (L3, L4, and L5), impulse speed (5, 20, and 50 mm/s), and pre-torque magnitude (applied at T12 to simulate patient position; 0, 5, 10 Nm). FJC strains and vertebral motions (using six degrees of freedom) were measured during both loading protocols. RESULTS During SM, the applied loads were within the range measured during SM in vivo. Vertebral translations occurred primarily in the direction of the applied load, and were similar in magnitude regardless of manipulation site. Vertebral rotations and FJC strain magnitudes during SM were within the range that occurred during physiological motions. At a given FJC, manipulations delivered distally induced capsule strains similar in magnitude to those that occurred when the manipulation was applied proximally. CONCLUSIONS FJC strain magnitudes during SM were within the physiological range, suggesting that SM is biomechanically safe. Successful treatment of patients with LBP using SM may not require precise segmental specificity, because the strain magnitudes at a given FJC during SM do not depend upon manipulation site. PMID:15863084
Plasma wakefield acceleration experiments at FACET
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Hogan, M. J.; Raubenheimer, T. O.; Seryi, A.; Muggli, P.; Katsouleas, T.; Huang, C.; Lu, W.; An, W.; Marsh, K. A.; Mori, W. B.; Clayton, C. E.; Joshi, C.
FACET—Facilities for Accelerator science and Experimental Test beams at SLAC—will provide high-energy-density electron and positron beams with peak currents of roughly 20 kA that will be focused down to a 10 ?m×10 ?m transverse spot size at an energy of ~23 GeV. With FACET, the SLAC linac will support a unique program concentrating on second-generation research in plasma wakefield acceleration. Topics include high-gradient electron acceleration with a narrow energy spread and preserved emittance, beam loading and high-gradient positron acceleration. This paper describes the FACET facility, summarizes the state of the art for plasma wakefield accelerators and discusses the plasma wakefield accelerator program to be conducted at FACET over the next five years.
[Management of facet pain syndrome in patients treated by microdiscectomy].
Kuznetsov, A V; Dreval', O N; Rynkov, I P; Chagava, D A; Zakirov, A A
Aim of this study was to assess effectiveness of high-frequency denervation of facet joints in facet pain syndrome in patients who underwent microdiscectomy. The analyzed series included 42 patients treated by microdiscectomy 2 to 56 months before minimally invasive manipulation. The control group was made of 50 patients of similar age with facet pain syndrome who did not undergo spinal surgery. Effectiveness of treatment in the main group reached 62% while in the control group it was 82%. VAS score after 6-12 months changed from 7.6 to 3.2 and from 7.9 to 2.2 in control and mail groups, respectively. Conclusions are made about effectiveness of high-frequency denervation of facet joints in patients with failed back surgery syndrome in conditions of their careful selection for this procedure. PMID:21793297
Hogan, Mark
SLAC's Facility for Advanced Accelerator Experimental Tests, or FACET, is a test-bed where researchers are developing the technologies required for particle accelerators of the future. Scientists from all over the world come to explore ways of improving the power and efficiency of the particle accelerators used in basic research, medicine, industry and other areas important to society. In this video, Mark Hogan, head of SLAC's Advanced Accelerator Research Department, offers a glimpse into FACET, which uses part of SLAC's historic two-mile-long linear accelerator.
Li, S.Z.; Hogan, M.J.; /SLAC
FACET, the Facility for Advanced Accelerator and Experimental Tests, is a new facility being constructed in sector 20 of the SLAC linac primarily to study beam driven plasma wakefield acceleration beginning in summer 2011. The nominal FACET parameters are 23GeV, 3nC electron bunches compressed to about 20 {micro}m long and focussed to about 10 {micro}m wide. Characterization of the beam-plasma interaction requires complete knowledge of the incoming beam parameters on a pulse-to-pulse basis. FACET diagnostics include Beam Position Monitors, Toroidal current monitors, X-ray and Cerenkov based energy spectrometers, optical transition radiation (OTR) profile monitors and coherent transition radiation (CTR) bunch length measurement systems. The compliment of beam diagnostics and their expected performance are reviewed. Beam diagnostic measurements not only provide valuable insights to the running and tuning of the accelerator but also are crucial for the PWFA experiments in particular. Beam diagnostic devices are being set up at FACET and will be ready for beam commissioning in summer 2011.
Nosochkov, Y.; Bane, K.; Bentson, L.; Erickson, R.; Hogan, M.J.; Li, N.; Seeman, J.; Seryi, A.; Spencer, Cherrill M.; Wittmer, W.; /SLAC
FACET is a proposed facility at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. It will provide high energy, tightly focused and compressed electron and positron bunches for beam driven plasma wakefield acceleration research and other experiments. FACET will be built in the SLAC linac sector 20, where it will be separated from the LCLS located immediately downstream and will take advantage of the upstream 2 km linac for up to 23 GeV beam acceleration. FACET will also include an upgrade to linac sector 10, where a new e+ compressor chicane will be installed. The sector 20 will contain a new optics consisting of two chicanes for e+ and ebunch length compression, a final focus and an experimental line with a dump. The e+ and e- chicanes will allow the transport of e+ and ebunches together, their compression and proper positioning of e+ witness bunch behind the e- drive bunch at the plasma Interaction Point. The new optics will mostly use the existing SLAC magnets to minimize the project cost. Details of the FACET optics design and results of particle tracking simulations are presented.
Frederico, J; Hogan, M.J.; Nosochkov, Y.; Litos, M.D.; Raubenheimer, T.; /SLAC
FACET, the Facility for Advanced Accelerator and Experimental Tests, is a new facility being constructed in sector 20 of the SLAC linac primarily to study beam driven plasma wakefield acceleration. The FACET beamline consists of a chicane and final focus system to compress the 23 GeV, 3.2 nC electron bunches to {approx}20 {micro}m long and {approx}10 {micro}m wide. Simulations of the FACET beamline indicate the short-duration and large, 1.5% rms energy spread beams may suffer a factor of four emittance growth from a combination of chromaticity, incoherent synchrotron radiation (ISR), and coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR). Emittance growth is directly correlated to head erosion in plasma wakefield acceleration and is a limiting factor in single stage performance. Studies of the geometric, CSR, and ISR components are presented. Numerical calculation of the rms emittance can be overwhelmed by long tails in the simulated phase space distributions; more useful definitions of emittance are given. A complete simulation of the beamline is presented as well, which agrees with design specifications.
Integrating Preservation Activities. SPEC Kit.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Brown, Karen, Comp.; Holmes, Emily, Comp.
This SPEC (Systems and Procedures Exchange Center) Kit presents the results of a survey of Association of Research Libraries (ARL) member libraries designed to explore to what extent preservation activities have been integrated into research library operations by examining the many facets of mature preservation programs and determining how much…
Nosochkov, Yuri; Hogan, Mark J.; Wittmer, Walter; /SLAC
FACET is a new facility under construction at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. The FACET beam line is designed to provide 23 GeV tightly focused and compressed electron and positron bunches for beam driven plasma wakefield acceleration research and other experiments. Achieving optimal beam parameters for various experimental conditions requires the optics capability for tuning in a sufficiently wide range. This will be achieved by using optics tuning systems (knobs). Design of such systems for FACET is discussed.
An anatomical investigation of the human cervical facet capsule, quantifying muscle insertion area
WINKELSTEIN, BETH A.; McLENDON, ROGER E.; BARBIR, ANA; MYERS, BARRY S.
Facet capsule injury has been hypothesised as a mechanism for neck pain. While qualitative studies have demonstrated the proximity of neck muscles to the cervical facet capsule, the magnitude of their forces remains unknown owing to a lack of quantitative muscle geometry. In this study, histological techniques were employed to quantify muscle insertions on the human cervical facet capsule. Computerised image analysis of slides stained with Masson's trichrome was performed to characterise the geometry of the cervical facet capsule and determine the total insertion area of muscle fibres into the facet capsule for the C4–C5 and C5–C6 joints. Muscle insertions were found to cover 22·4±9·6 % of the capsule area for these cervical levels, corresponding to a mean muscle insertion area of 47·6±21·8 mm2. The magnitude of loading to the cervical facet capsule due to eccentric muscle contraction is estimated to be as high as 51 N. When taken in conjunction with the forces acting on the capsular ligament due to vertebral motions, these forces can be as high as 66 N. In that regard, these anatomical data provide quantitative evidence of substantial muscle insertions into the cervical facet capsular ligament and provide a possible mechanism for injury to this ligament and the facet joint as a whole. PMID:11327207
SLAC Linac Preparations for FACET
Erickson, R.; Bentson, L.; Kharakh, D.; Owens, A.; Schuh, P.; Seeman, J.; Sheppard, J.C.; Stanek, M.; Wittmer, W.; Yocky, G.; Wienands, U.; /SLAC
The SLAC 3km linear electron accelerator has been cut at the two-thirds point to provide beams to two independent programs. The last third provides the electron beam for the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), leaving the first two-thirds available for FACET, the new experimental facility for accelerator science and test beams. In this paper, we describe this separation and projects to prepare the linac for the FACET experimental program.
Changing Paradigms in the Treatment of Radial Club Hand: Microvascular Joint Transfer for Correction of Radial Deviation and Preservation of Long-term Growth
de Jong, Johanna P.; Vilkki, Simo K.
Radial longitudinal deficiency, also known as radial club hand, is a congenital deformity of the upper extremity which can present with a spectrum of upper limb deficiencies. The typical hand and forearm deformity in such cases consists of significant forearm shortening, radial deviation of the wrist and hypoplasia or absence of a thumb. Treatment goals focus on the creation of stable centralized and functionally hand, maintenance of a mobile and stable wrist and preservation of longitudinal forearm growth. Historically centralization procedures have been the most common treatment method for this condition; unfortunately centralization procedures are associated with a high recurrence rate and have the potential for injury to the distal ulnar physis resulting in a further decrease in forearm growth. Here we advocate for the use of a vascularized second metatarsophalangeal joint transfer for stabilization of the carpus and prevention of recurrent radial deformity and subluxation of the wrist. This technique was originally described by the senior author in 1992 and he has subsequently been performed in 24 cases with an average of 11-year follow-up. In this paper we present an overview of the technique and review the expected outcomes for this method of treatment of radial longitudinal deficiency. PMID:22379554
Faceted Navigation for Software Exploration
Nan Niu; Anas Mahmoud; Xiaoyong Yang
Much of developers' time is spent in exploring and understanding an unfamiliar software space. In this paper, we present a novel approach that characterizes the code fragments along several orthogonal dimensions in order for developers to navigate complex software spaces in a flexible manner. Central to our approach are hierarchical faceted categories (HFC), which have become especially successful in supporting
Plasma Wakefield Experiments at FACET
Hogan, M.J.; England, R.J.; Frederico, J.; Hast, C.; Li, S.Z.; Litos, M.; Walz, D.; /SLAC; An, W.; Clayton, C.E.; Joshi, C.; Lu, W.; Marsh, K.A.; Mori, W.; Tochitsky, S.; /UCLA; Muggli, P.; Pinkerton, S.; Shi, Y.; /Southern California U.
FACET, the Facility for Advanced Accelerator and Experimental Tests, is a new facility being constructed in sector 20 of the SLAC linac primarily to study beam driven plasma wakefield acceleration beginning in summer 2011. The nominal FACET parameters are 23GeV, 3nC electron bunches compressed to {approx}20{micro}m long and focused to {approx}10{micro}m wide. The intense fields of the FACET bunches will be used to field ionize neutral lithium or cesium vapor produced in a heat pipe oven. Previous experiments at the SLAC FFTB facility demonstrated 50GeV/m gradients in an 85cm field ionized lithium plasma where the interaction distance was limited by head erosion. Simulations indicate the lower ionization potential of cesium will decrease the rate of head erosion and increase single stage performance. The initial experimental program will compare the performance of lithium and cesium plasma sources with single and double bunches. Later experiments will investigate improved performance with a pre-ionized cesium plasma. The status of the experiments and expected performance are reviewed. The FACET Facility is being constructed in sector 20 of the SLAC linac primarily to study beam driven plasma wakefield acceleration. The facility will begin commissioning in summer 2011 and conduct an experimental program over the coming five years to study electron and positron beam driven plasma acceleration with strong wake loading in the non-linear regime. The FACET experiments aim to demonstrate high-gradient acceleration of electron and positron beams with high efficiency and negligible emittance growth.
Faceting Artifact Analysis for Computer Graphics
Lijun Qu; Gary W. Meyer
The faceting signal, defined in this paper as the differ- ence signal between a rendering of the original geometric model and a simplified version of the geometric model, is responsible for the faceting artifacts commonly observed in the renderings of coarse geometric models. We analyze the source of the faceting artifacts and develop a perceptual metric for the visibility of
Why do grain boundaries exhibit finite facet lengths?
John Hamilton; Donald Siegel; Istvan Daruka; Francois Leonard
Faceted grain boundaries (GB) commonly exhibit regularly spaced arrays of finite facets. The essential question is whether this regularity is due to energetics or kinetics, a crucial issue in understanding GB facet stability and phase transitions. By analogy to stress domain theories of surface faceting, it has been argued that finite GB facet lengths are energetic effects due to relaxation
Functional adaptations of facet geometry in the canine thoracolumbar and lumbar spine (Th10-L6).
Breit, Sabine
The shape, size and transverse distance between contralateral caudal articular processes of caudal thoracic and lumbar vertebrae were evaluated in a sample of 140 macerated canine spines to contribute to the understanding of the development of vertebral misalignment. Dogs were grouped as large, chondrodystrophic, and small breeds. In large dogs, caudal articular surfaces were adapted to higher body-weight by the presence of larger articular surfaces. Additionally, caudal articular surfaces not only covered the lateral, but also the ventral (i.e. ventral facet) and/or caudal aspects (i.e. caudal facet) of the caudal articular processes. Ventral facets, which increase loading capacity of the zygapophyseal joints in normally aligned vertebrae, were more frequently observed in large breeds (p < 0.001) than in small and chondrodystrophic breeds. With some exceptions, caudal facets primarily were present in large dogs, especially at the vertebral levels L3-L5. Their formation is induced by extension of the normal lykphotic thoracic and lumbar spine causing lumbar lordosis and denotes loss in elasticity of the bow-and-string-construction of the trunk. Because ventral and caudal facets are consistent with convexity of the caudal articular surfaces, which to a great degree was noted to result in formation of ball-and-socket joints, spinal stability is supposed to be decreased under such conditions. PMID:12201048
New formula for semiconductor laser facet reflectivity
Kendall, P.C.; Roberts, D.A.; Robson, P.N. (Univ. of Sheffield (United Kingdom)); Adams, M.J.; Robertson, M.J. (BT Labs., Martlesham Heath, Ipswich (United Kingdom))
A new analytic expression for the main mode reflectivity of a multicoated laser facet at normal incidence is derived using the free space radiation mode technique. This uses exact guided modes, and accurately models the radiation modes near the facet. The results compare favorably with exact TE and TM bench marks while retaining the simplicity and speed of the Fresnel approximations.
Reflectivity of coated and tilted semiconductor facets
Jens Buus; Mark C. Farries; David J. Robbins
A comparatively simple model for calculating the reflectivity of coated and tilted semiconductor facets is described. The model can be briefly described as follows: the forward-propagating waveguide field is propagated to the (tilted) facet, and a Fourier transformation is performed. Each angular component is then further decomposed into parallel and perpendicular components. Fresnel reflection coefficients are applied, and the coupling
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY, VOL. 51, NO. 11, NOVEMBER 2005 4003 joint distribution of (S;S0) and six other constraints to preserve
Weissman, Tsachy
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY, VOL. 51, NO. 11, NOVEMBER 2005 4003 joint distribution between channel capacity and rate distortion with two-sided state information," IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory Theory. New York: Wiley, 1991. [8] I. Csiszár and J. Körner, Information Theory: Coding Theorems for Dis
Method for partially coating laser diode facets
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Dholakia, Anil R. (Inventor)
Bars of integral laser diode devices cleaved from a wafer are placed with their p regions abutting and n regions abutting. A thin BeCu mask having alternate openings and strips of the same width as the end facets is used to mask the n region interfaces so that multiple bars can be partially coated over their exposed p regions with a reflective or partial reflective coating. The partial coating permits identification of the emitting facet from the fully coated back facet during a later device mounting procedure.
Posterior Epidural Migration of an Extruded Lumbar Disc Mimicking a Facet Cyst: A Case Report
Yoo, Young Sun; Ju, Chang Il; Kim, Dong Min
Dorsal extradural migration of extruded disc material is clinically uncommon. We report a rare case of posterior epidural migration of an extruded lumbar disc mimicking a facet cyst. A 32-year-old man was admitted to our institute with a 2-week history of severe low back pain and radiating pain in the left leg. The magnetic resonance (MR) images revealed a dorsally located, left-sided extradural cystic mass at the L2-3 level. The initial diagnosis was an epidural facet cyst because of the high signal intensity on MR images and its location adjacent to the facet joint. Intraoperatively, an encapsulated mass of soft tissue adherent to the dural sac was observed and excised. The pathological diagnosis was degenerated disc material. After surgery, the patient experienced complete relief from leg pain. PMID:25883662
Stability of crystal facets in gold nanorods.
Katz-Boon, Hadas; Walsh, Michael; Dwyer, Christian; Mulvaney, Paul; Funston, Alison M; Etheridge, Joanne
Metal nanocrystals can be grown in a variety of shapes through the modification of surface facet energies via surfactants. However, the surface facets are only a few atoms wide, making it extremely challenging to measure their geometries and energies. Here, we locate and count atoms in Au nanorods at successive time intervals using quantitative scanning transmission electron microscopy. This enables us to determine the atomic-level geometry and the relative stability of the facets and to expound their relationship to the overall three-dimensional nanocrystal shape and size. We reveal coexisting high- and low-index facets with comparable stability and dimensions and find the geometry of the nanorods is remarkably stable, despite significant atom movements. This information provides unique insights into the mechanisms that govern growth kinetics and nanocrystal morphology. PMID:25658226
FACET: Future ATM Concepts Evaluation Tool
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Bilmoria, Karl D.; Banavar, Sridhar; Chatterji, Gano B.; Sheth, Kapil S.; Grabbe, Shon
FACET (Future ATM Concepts Evaluation Tool) is an Air Traffic Management research tool being developed at the NASA Ames Research Center. This paper describes the design, architecture and functionalities of FACET. The purpose of FACET is to provide E simulation environment for exploration, development and evaluation of advanced ATM concepts. Examples of these concepts include new ATM paradigms such as Distributed Air-Ground Traffic Management, airspace redesign and new Decision Support Tools (DSTs) for controllers working within the operational procedures of the existing air traffic control system. FACET is currently capable of modeling system-wide en route airspace operations over the contiguous United States. Airspace models (e.g., Center/sector boundaries, airways, locations of navigation aids and airports) are available from databases. A core capability of FACET is the modeling of aircraft trajectories. Using round-earth kinematic equations, aircraft can be flown along flight plan routes or great circle routes as they climb, cruise and descend according to their individual aircraft-type performance models. Performance parameters (e.g., climb/descent rates and speeds, cruise speeds) are obtained from data table lookups. Heading, airspeed and altitude-rate dynamics are also modeled. Additional functionalities will be added as necessary for specific applications. FACET software is written in Java and C programming languages. It is platform-independent, and can be run on a variety of computers. FACET has been designed with a modular software architecture to enable rapid integration of research prototype implementations of new ATM concepts. There are several advanced ATM concepts that are currently being implemented in FACET airborne separation assurance, dynamic density predictions, airspace redesign (re-sectorization), benefits of a controller DST for direct-routing, and the integration of commercial space transportation system operations into the U.S. National Airspace System (NAS).
NSDL National Science Digital Library
Persons with a penchant for preservation will find that this clearinghouse website is a top-notch resource for materials on historic preservation, preservation-based tourism, and downtown revitalization projects across the United States and Canada. The site was created in 1999 by Tim Cannan, a native of the Finger Lakes region with a professional and academic background in historic and cultural preservation. The materials on the site are divided into topical areas that include "Preservation Events & Conferences", "Grants & Funding Sources" and nine other headings. Visitors who might be less familiar with the world of historic preservation will want to look over the "Video Library". Here they will find clips of restoration projects in progress, preservation walking tours, and endangered places. Also, it is worth noting that the site contains listings and links for over 7000 history museums, 1000 downtown and main street groups, and 4500 historical societies in North America.
Surface Processes of Faceted Growth
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Chernov, A.; Curreri, Peter A. (Technical Monitor)
Atomic force microscopy and high precision optical interferometry allow to analyze the processes that are in the core of our present understanding of faceted crystal growth. Some of these processes will be reviewed. Recent experiments suggest that the Gibbs-Thomson Law (GTL) may not be applicable to the weakly fluctuating strongly polygonized steps, with low kink density. Propagation rate of a straight short step segment changes with the segment length much steeper than predicted by GTL. If the step fluctuations are still well developed, the typical transition length may be determined just by the radius of rounded comers of the polygonized step. If fluctuations do not have enough time to develop, the kinetic effects may be essential. Indeed, 'communications' between comers of a short straight step segment may occur and, thus, the GTL may be implemented only via kink exchange. E.g., dissolutions of this short segment at macroscopic equilibrium occurs as follows: The kinks are split from one comer as a result of fluctuations, and annihilate with kinks of the opposite sign generated by another comer. Similarly, an exchange via chain of kinks on a rough step is the mechanism to implement the GT Law. If there is a supersaturation with respect to a large crystal, the kinks not only diffuse along the step, but move back the generating comers. This 'wind' prevents communication between the comers and places upper limit supersaturation only below which GTL is applicable. Steps replace kinks in the 3D case, though, of course, another dimensionality brings about another physics. Another specific problem to think about is if fluctuations are always fast enough to provide enough kinks for linear dependence of step rate on supersaturation. Increasing azimuthal polygonization of growth hillocks is a sign of insufficient fluctuation rate. Morphological stability of vicinal faces is usually considered on the basis of mutually parallel steps. Azimuthal anisotropy and interlacing of step bunches inducing the well known bunch splitting is another challenge. Among other challenging problems are: existence of surface diffusion on the crystal/so1ution interface, step interaction in solutions, achievement of step flow modes from liquids, impurity effects. New phenomena essential in biomacromolecular crystallization is another interesting area.
Dreikorn, K
For organ preservation in Europe the Euro-Collins-, UW- and HTK-solution are preferred. While the HTK-solution is mainly used for heart preservation, the UW-solution has shown its advantages for longterm preservation of kidney, liver and pancreas. With regard to renal preservation the HTK-solution provides a higher buffer capacity. According to experimental and theroretical considerations the content of glucose in the Euro-Collins-solution does not seem to correspond to the current state of knowledge. In order to obtain a sufficient primary function renoprotective measurements have proven their efficacy, in addition to an optimal method of organ preservation. Especially in case of suboptimal donors the preservation time should be kept as short as possible. PMID:1285469
Facet development for a faceted stretched-membrane dish by Solar Kinetics, Inc.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Schertz, P. T.; Brown, D. C.; Konnerth, A., III
A 3.6-meter diameter stretched-membrane optical facet for a parabolic dish has been successfully designed and demonstrated under contract with Sandia National Laboratories. Twelve facets identical to them will be used to make the lightweight reflector of the dish. The project goal of 2.5-mrad surface accuracy was met with each of the two full-sized prototypes, and accuracies of as low as 1.1 mrad were achieved. The facet weight is 11.7 kg/sq m (2.4 lbs/sq ft). The facet is similar in construction to the successful stretched-membrane heliostat; it has two thin metal membranes attached to a ring. However, the front membrane for this facet is plastically formed at the factor in order to achieve a shorter facet f/D (approximately 3.0). A passive tether restrains the front membrane when not in operation, that is, when the stabilizing vacuum is off. The optical surface is achieved with a silvered-acrylic film laminated to the metal membrane. The facet is expected to cost $55.40/sq m at a production rate of 10,000 facets per year and $115,000/sq m at a production rate of 500 facets a year. Several key issues have been resolved. Stress concentrations due to seams in the reflective laminate did not cause membrane rupture during forming as they have for dishes with lower focal length-to-diameter ratios. The laminate survived the forming process and simulated operation without deterioration. The optical effect of the tether on the membrane was tested and found to be very small. Most important, highly accurate shapes were obtained using a simple forming procedure. Additional tests are needed to demonstrate process repeatability and facet performance in typical operating conditions.
Facet development for a faceted stretched-membrane dish by Solar Kinetics, Inc
Schertz, P.T.; Brown, D.C.; Konnerth, A. III (Solar Kinetics, Inc., Dallas, TX (United States)) [Solar Kinetics, Inc., Dallas, TX (United States)
A 3.6-meter diameter stretched-membrane optical facet for a parabolic dish has been successfully designed and demonstrated under contract with Sandia National Laboratories. Twelve facets identical to them will be used to make the lightweight reflector of the dish. The project goal of 2.5-mrad surface accuracy was met with each of the two full-sized prototypes, and accuracies of as low as 1.1 mrad were achieved. The facet weight is 11.7 kg/m{sup 2} (2.4lbs/ft{sup 2}). The facet is similar in construction to the successful stretched-membrane heliostat; it has two thin metal membranes attached to a ring. However, the front membrane for this facet is plastically formed at the factor in order to achieve a shorter facet f/D (approximately 3.0). A passive tether restrains the from membrane when not in operation, that is, when the stabilizing vacuum is off. The optical surface is achieved with a silvered-acrylic film laminated to the metal membrane. The facet is expected to cost $55.40/m{sup 2} at a production rate of 10,000 facets per year and $115, 000/m{sup 2}-at a production rate of 500 facets a year. Several key issues have been resolved. Stress concentrations due to seams in the reflective laminate did not cause membrane rupture during forming as they have for dishes with lower focal length-to-diameter ratios. The laminate survived the forming process and simulated operation without deterioration. The optical effect of the tether on the membrane was tested and found to be very small. Most important, highly accurate shapes were obtained using a simple forming procedure. Additional tests are needed to demonstrate process repeatablility and facet performance in typical operating conditions. 18 refs., 36 figs., 11 tabs.
Preservation 11/8/2011 Preservation
Stowell, Michael
Preservation 11/8/2011 #12;Preservation Christine De Vries Interim Head Preservation Analysis Program Conservation Treatments Gift Preview Procedure Preservation Week Seven Deadly Sins Exhibit Combined Facilities & Conservation Needs Assessment report - SPC Preservation Department - Highlights #12
Preserving the Posttrapeziectomy Space with a Human Acellular Dermal Matrix Spacer: A Pilot Case Series of Patients with Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint Arthritis
Yao, Caroline A.; Ellis, Chandra V.; Cohen, Myles J.
Background: Advanced thumb carpometacarpal arthritis is widely treated with trapeziectomy and tendon interposition despite donor-site morbidities. Trapeziectomy alone leaves a postresection space, leading to proximal metacarpal migration and scaphoid/trapezoid impingement. Prosthetic implants have been unsuccessful due to particulate debris, silicone synovitis, osteolysis, and migration. Recent studies have shown successful use of allograft for interposition material in the posttrapeziectomy space both in animal and human models. To obviate the need for autologous tissue, maintain thumb length, and reduce the risk of scaphoid impingement, the senior author developed an interposition arthroplasty technique using a spacer constructed from human acellular dermal matrix (HADM). Methods: Sixteen patients with Eaton stage III–IV thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis received the above procedure from the 2 senior authors. HADM was imbricated to fill the posttrapeziectomy space and secured to the volar capsule and metacarpal base. Pre- and postoperative trapezial space on radiograph, pain scores, and grip strength were recorded. Results: Six months postoperatively, radiographs showed an average joint space loss of 11%. Heights postoperatively were not significantly different from immediate postoperative heights (P ? 0.01). At 6 months, patients had improved pain and grip strength (P ? 0.01). No infections, foreign body reactions, or other complications occurred. Conclusions: HADM has been used extensively in other forms of reconstruction and has been shown to incorporate into surrounding tissues through neovascularization. Our early results illustrate that HADM can safely fill the dead space left by trapeziectomy. PMID:25289260
Faceting oscillations in nano-ferroelectrics
Scott, J. F., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge University, Cambridge (United Kingdom); Kumar, Ashok, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com [CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Delhi (India)
We observe periodic faceting of 8-nm diameter ferroelectric disks on a 10?s time-scale when thin Pb(Zr{sub 0.52}Ti{sub 0.48})O{sub 3} film is exposed to constant high-resolution transmission electron microscopy beams. The oscillation is between circular disk geometry and sharply faceted hexagons. The behavior is analogous to that of spin structure and magnetic domain wall velocity oscillations in permalloy [Bisig et al., Nat. Commun. 4, 2328 (2013)], involving overshoot and de-pinning from defects [Amann et al., J. Rheol. 57, 149–175 (2013)].
Swelling of a joint ... Joint swelling may occur along with joint pain . The swelling may cause the joint to appear larger or abnormally shaped. Joint swelling can cause pain or stiffness. After an ...
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Moore, Reagan W.
The long-term preservation of digital entities requires mechanisms to manage the authenticity of massive data collections that are written to archival storage systems. Preservation environments impose authenticity constraints and manage the evolution of the storage system technology by building infrastructure independent solutions. This seeming paradox, the need for large archives, while avoiding dependence upon vendor specific solutions, is resolved through use of data grid technology. Data grids provide the storage repository abstractions that make it possible to migrate collections between vendor specific products, while ensuring the authenticity of the archived data. Data grids provide the software infrastructure that interfaces vendor-specific storage archives to preservation environments.
Problem of time: facets and Machian strategy.
Anderson, Edward
The problem of time is that "time" in each of ordinary quantum theory and general relativity are mutually incompatible notions. This causes difficulties in trying to put these two theories together to form a theory of quantum gravity. The problem of time has eight facets in canonical approaches. I clarify that all but one of these facets already occur at the classical level, and reconceptualize and re-name some of these facets as follows. The frozen formalism problem becomes temporal relationalism, the thin sandwich problem becomes configurational relationalism, via the notion of best matching. The problem of observables becomes the problem of beables, and the functional evolution problem becomes the constraint closure problem. I also outline how each of the global and multiple-choice problems of time have their own plurality of facets. This article additionally contains a local resolution to the problem of time at the conceptual level and which is actually realizable for the relational triangle and minisuperspace models. This resolution is, moreover, Machian, and has three levels: classical, semiclassical, and a combined semiclassical-histories-timeless records scheme. I end by delineating the current frontiers of this program toward resolution of the problem of time in the cases of full general relativity and of slightly inhomogeneous cosmology. PMID:25266113
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Smith, Scott M. (Inventor); Nillen, Jeannie (Inventor)
Disclosed is CPG, a combination of a chlorhexidine salt (such as chlorhexidine digluconate, chlorhexidine diacetate, or chlorhexidine dichloride) and n-propyl gallate that can be used at ambient temperatures as a urine preservative.
Facets for Discovery and Exploration in Text Collections
Rose, Stuart J.; Roberts, Ian E.; Cramer, Nicholas O.
Faceted classifications of text collections provide a useful means of partitioning documents into related groups, however traditional approaches of faceting text collections rely on comprehensive analysis of the subject area or annotated general attributes. In this paper we show the application of basic principles for facet analysis to the development of computational methods for facet classification of text collections. Integration with a visual analytics system is described with summaries of user experiences.
Facet-Selective Epitaxy of Compound Semiconductors on Faceted Silicon Nanowires.
Mankin, Max N; Day, Robert W; Gao, Ruixuan; No, You-Shin; Kim, Sun-Kyung; McClelland, Arthur A; Bell, David C; Park, Hong-Gyu; Lieber, Charles M
Integration of compound semiconductors with silicon (Si) has been a long-standing goal for the semiconductor industry, as direct band gap compound semiconductors offer, for example, attractive photonic properties not possible with Si devices. However, mismatches in lattice constant, thermal expansion coefficient, and polarity between Si and compound semiconductors render growth of epitaxial heterostructures challenging. Nanowires (NWs) are a promising platform for the integration of Si and compound semiconductors since their limited surface area can alleviate such material mismatch issues. Here, we demonstrate facet-selective growth of cadmium sulfide (CdS) on Si NWs. Aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy analysis shows that crystalline CdS is grown epitaxially on the {111} and {110} surface facets of the Si NWs but that the Si{113} facets remain bare. Further analysis of CdS on Si NWs grown at higher deposition rates to yield a conformal shell reveals a thin oxide layer on the Si{113} facet. This observation and control experiments suggest that facet-selective growth is enabled by the formation of an oxide, which prevents subsequent shell growth on the Si{113} NW facets. Further studies of facet-selective epitaxial growth of CdS shells on micro-to-mesoscale wires, which allows tuning of the lateral width of the compound semiconductor layer without lithographic patterning, and InP shell growth on Si NWs demonstrate the generality of our growth technique. In addition, photoluminescence imaging and spectroscopy show that the epitaxial shells display strong and clean band edge emission, confirming their high photonic quality, and thus suggesting that facet-selective epitaxy on NW substrates represents a promising route to integration of compound semiconductors on Si. PMID:26057208
An improved algorithm for facet-based infrared small target detection
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Yi, Kejia; Deng, Tingquan; Guan, Jing; Wang, Gongze; Chen, Hao
Infrared small target detection is an important research area of computer vision and often a key technique in Infrared Search and Track (IRST) systems. Many algorithms have been reported for this purpose. The facet-based method is one of novel algorithms and is shown as robust and efficient, but it does not perform well in target preservation. The method cannot detect peripheral pixel of target, which causes information loss of target intensity distribution and affects post processing of detection, such as target tracking and recognition. In this paper an improved algorithm is developed for solving this shortcoming. The detection behavior of the facet model is further analyzed. Small target is surrounded by background, so local image edge that indicates target contour can be represented by zero-crossings of the second partial derivatives. The improved algorithm uses facet model to fit local intensity surface and detect potential targets using extremum theory, then the zero-crossings of the second partial derivatives of the fitting function in each potential target's neighborhood are found and the pixels inside the zero-crossing contour are restored to the potential target. In experiments involving typical infrared images target intensity distribution information is well preserved by proposed algorithm and its execution time is also acceptable.
Faceting of ? ? ? ?3 and ? ? ? ?9 Grain Boundaries in Copper
B. B. Straumal; S. A. Polyakov; E. Bischoff; W. Gust; E. J. Mittemeijer
Faceting is a well documented phenomenon known both for surfaces and interfaces, particularly, grain boundaries (GBs). Faceting can be considered as a phase transition when the original surface or GB dissociates onto flat segments whose energy is less than that of the original surface or GB. For the investigation of GB faceting a cylindrical Cu bicrystal with an island grain
Formulation and Application of the Generalized Multilevel Facets Model
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Wang, Wen-Chung; Liu, Chih-Yu
In this study, the authors develop a generalized multilevel facets model, which is not only a multilevel and two-parameter generalization of the facets model, but also a multilevel and facet generalization of the generalized partial credit model. Because the new model is formulated within a framework of nonlinear mixed models, no efforts are…
Between Facets and Domains: 10 Aspects of the Big Five
Colin G. DeYoung; Lena C. Quilty; Jordan B. Peterson
Factor analyses of 75 facet scales from 2 major Big Five inventories, in the Eugene-Springfield community sample (N = 481), produced a 2-factor solution for the 15 facets in each domain. These findings indicate the existence of 2 distinct (but correlated) aspects within each of the Big Five, representing an intermediate level of personality structure between facets and domains. The
[Juxta-facet Cyst Associated with Conjoined Nerve Roots:A Case Report].
Matsumoto, Naoki; Sasaki, Nobuhiro; Fukuda, Miyuki; Ueda, Shigeo; Hoshimaru, Minoru
We report a case of a patient with a juxta-facet cyst and conjoined nerve roots. A 66-year-old man presented with left leg pain from the past 4 months. Neurological examinations revealed L5 and S1 radiculopathy on the left side. Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)detected a mass lesion located near the left intervertebral joint at the level of L5/S1 and canal stenosis at the level of L3/L4. A juxta-facet cyst was diagnosed by arthrography. We performed a curettage and resection of the mass, posterior lumbar interbody fusion at the level of L5/S1, and laminectomy at the level of L3/L4. Conjoined left L5/S1 nerve roots were observed during surgery. The patient recovered from the symptoms of L5 and S1 radiculopathy immediately after surgery. Postoperative review of the preoperative computed tomography images revealed bony abnormality in the L5/S1 joint. We speculate that the bony abnormality may be associated with the development of conjoined nerve roots and the juxta-facet cyst. PMID:26015382
Interventional radiology in bone and joint
Bard, M.; Laredo, J.D.
Recent radiologic procedures in bone and joints, some of which eliminate the need for surgery are exposed, including: trephine biopsies of the thoracic and lumbar spine, sacro-iliac joints, peripheral bones synovial membrane and soft tissues, using either fluoroscopic echographic or CT guidance - chemonucleolysis - vascular embolization of skeletal tumors and management of vertebral hemangiomas - selective steroid injection in a broad spectrum of diseases including vertebral facet syndrome, cervicobrachial nerve root pain, rotator cuff calcium deposit, bone cysts.
JPL tests of a LaJet concentrator facet
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Dennison, E. W.; Argoud, M. J.
A LaJet Energy Company (LEC) concentrator facet, 60 in. in diameter, was tested for imaging quality. The following two methods were used: (1) autofocus tests with a point source of light at the facet's radius of curvature; and (2) tests with the Sun close to the horizon as a distant source. The tests of the LaJet facet indicate that all of the solar image reflected by an LEC 460 solar concentrator made of like facets should fall within a 9-in. aperture if the outer facets are carefully adjusted. Such a concentrator would have acceptable performance, but complete evaluation must be made with an assembled concentrator.
A delayed diagnosis of bilateral facet dislocation of the cervical spine: a case report
O'Shaughnessy, Julie; Grenier, Julie-Marthe; Stern, Paula J.
Objective: To review the case of a patient suffering from bilateral facet dislocation of the cervical spine. Clinical features: A 53-year-old male was involved in a car accident and was transported to the hospital. Cervical radiographs were taken at the emergency department and interpreted as normal. Four days later, he consulted a chiropractor where radiographs of the cervical spine were repeated. The examination revealed bilateral cervical facet joint dislocation at C5–C6 as well as a fracture involving the spinous process and laminae of C6. Intervention and outcome: The patient was referred to the hospital and underwent surgery. Conclusion: Patients involved in motor vehicle accidents often consult chiropractors for neck pain treatment. A high index of suspicion due to significant history and physical examination findings should guide the clinician in determining the need for reviewing the initial radiographs (if taken and available) or request repeat studies, regardless of the initial imaging status. PMID:24587496
The facets of relativistic quantum field theory
H. G. Dosch; V. F. Müller
Relativistic quantum field theory is generally recognized to form the adequate theoretical frame for subatomic physics, with\\u000a the Standard Model of Particle Physics as a major achievement. We point out that quantum field theory in its present form\\u000a is not a monolithic theory, but rather consists of distinct facets, which aim at a common ideal goal. We give a short
FACET: The New User Facility at SLAC
Clarke, C.I.; Decker, F.J.; Erikson, R.; Hast, C.; Hogan, M.J.; Iverson, R.; Li, S.Z.; Nosochkov, Y.; Phinney, N.; Sheppard, J.; Wienands, U.; Woodley, M.; Yocky, G.; /SLAC; Seryi, A.; /Oxford U., JAI; Wittmer, W.; /Michigan State U.
FACET (Facility for Advanced Accelerator and Experimental Tests) is a new User Facility at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. Its high power electron and positron beams make it a unique facility, ideal for beam-driven Plasma Wakefield Acceleration studies. The first 2 km of the SLAC linac produce 23 GeV, 3.2 nC electron and positron beams with short bunch lengths of 20 {mu}m. A final focusing system can produce beam spots 10 {mu}m wide. User-aided Commissioning took place in summer 2011 and FACET will formally come online in early 2012. We present the User Facility, the current features, planned upgrades and the opportunities for further experiments. Accelerators are our primary tool for discovering the fundamental laws to the universe. Each new frontier we probe requires a new, more powerful method. Accelerators are therefore increasing in size and cost. The future of this field requires new accelerating techniques that can reach the high energies required over shorter distances. New concepts for high gradient acceleration include utilizing the wakes in plasma and dielectric and metallic structures. FACET was built to provide a test bed for novel accelerating concepts with its high charge and highly compressed beams. As a test facility unlike any other, it has also attracted groups interested in beam diagnostic techniques and terahertz studies. The first phase of the construction was completed in May 2011. Beam commissioning began in June and was interleaved with the installation of five experiments. Users were invited to aid with the commissioning for the month of August during which time experimental hardware and software were checked out and some first measurements were taken. FACET is currently in the process of becoming a Department of Energy User Facility for High Energy Physics.
... hypermobile joints have an increased risk for joint dislocation and other problems. Extra care may be needed ... the joint? Is there any history of joint dislocation, difficulty walking, or difficulty using the arms? Further ...
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Yakel, Elizabeth
Reviews research on digital preservation issues, including born-digital and digitally recreated documents. Discusses electronic records research; metadata and other standards; electronic mail; Web-based documents; moving images media; selection of materials for digitization, including primary sources; administrative issues; media stability…
Older materials and recently arrived items in the Field Records Collection are in various states of preservation and documentation. In the current reorganization project, items are inventoried for content, transferred to archival storage containers, and archived as shelf items (notebooks and file fo...
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Noriega, Chon A.
One must undertake multi-institutional efforts that include universities, archives, museums, libraries and community-based arts organizations and the artists to preserve Latino art history. Arts infrastructure can be strengthened by various Chicano Studies Research Center projects that are concerned with archive building and scholarship, and with…
Kutluk Oktay; Ozgur Oktem
\\u000a Negative impact of modern cancer treatment methods on human reproduction has been recognized. In this chapter, we first summarize\\u000a the facts about cancer and treatment-related adverse outcomes in female reproductive function, then discuss the needs, and\\u000a outline the current strategies and the future directions of fertility preservation and ovarian cryopreservation and transplantation\\u000a in adult and adolescent female patients whose fertility
Morphometric analysis of the cervical facets and the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of Goel inter-facet spacer distraction technique
Shah, Abhidha
Aim: Quantitative anatomy of the facets of the sub-axial cervical spine was performed. The purpose of the evaluation was to determine the feasibility of insertion of Goel inter-facetal articular spacers in the sub-axial cervical spine. Only few studies detailing the morphometry of the facets are available in the literature. Materials and Methods: Ten cervical vertebrae from C3 to C7 with a total of 20 facets were evaluated by the author. The anatomic parameters studied were the height, width, thickness, shape, orientation, and inclination of each of the superior and inferior facets. The alterations in a number of intervertebral segmental distances were measured before and after spacer insertion. The distance of the inferior facet from the foramen tranversarium, spinal canal, and neural foramina was measured to assess safety of spacer insertion with respect to the vertebral artery and neural structures. Results: The height, width and thickness of the superior facets from C3 to C7 ranged from 6 to 12 mm, 8 to 12 mm, and 2.5 to 6 mm, respectively. The inferior facets had an average height of 10.5 mm, average width of 11.2 mm and average thickness of 3.5 mm. The inclination of the superior facets with respect to the transverse plane ranged from 22° to 45° and that of the inferior facets ranged from 29° to 53°. The distance of the anterior margin of the inferior facet from the posterior border of the foramen transversium ranged from 5 to 7 mm. This distance was maximum at C3 level, then decreased at C4 and remained constant from C5 to C7. Conclusion: This anatomic evaluation aided in understanding the morphology of the cervical facets and the suitability of the cervical facetal articular cavity for insertion of spacers. PMID:25013341
Oxidation and faceting of polycrystalline tungsten ribbons
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Lepage, J.; Mezin, A.; Nivoit, M.
We have measured the oxidation rate of tungsten and the evaporation rate of tungsten oxide in the temperature range from 900 to 1200 K at an oxygen pressure from 5 × 10 -4 to 5 × 10 -3 Torr. The oxidation rate increases steadily with coverage in the whole range studied. The evaporation rate decreases at high pressure and is strongly dependent on the initial conditions of the experiments. These kinetic measurements support a qualitative model of oxidation. The surface is composed of oxide islands surrounded by oxide-free regions covered only by chemisorbed oxygen atoms. On the bare regions beside the chemisorbed oxygen atoms we suppose the existence of a dilute chemisorbed oxide layer which can either enter the condensed oxide phase or evaporate. The number of the growing islands is set up at the beginning of the reaction and does not increase further. This model, consistent with kinetic results during oxidation, has been proposed first to explain results obtained by Auger electron spectroscopy and thermal desorption spectroscopy under vacuum. Faceting is particularly important in the early stages of the experiment because it can hinder the nucleation of the oxide which is a necessary step for growth. In a narrow range of temperature and oxygen pressure this inhibited nucleation leads to an enhanced evaporation rate so that the growth rate is lower. Recording this growth rate allows us to follow faceting. The parameters studied are the oxygen coverage and the temperature, experimental results are in agreement with LEED and RHEED results. Reconstruction and faceting are discussed and are believed to be caused by a smoothing of the surface during the chemisorption step.
Fabrication of faceted nanopores in magnesium
Wu, Shujing; Cao, Fan; Zheng, He; Sheng, Huaping; Liu, Chun; Liu, Yu; Zhao, Dongshan; Wang, Jianbo, E-mail: email@example.com [School of Physics and Technology, Center for Electron Microscopy and MOE Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072 (China)] [School of Physics and Technology, Center for Electron Microscopy and MOE Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072 (China)
In this paper, using high resolution transmission electron microscopy, we showed the fabrication of faceted nanopores with various shapes in magnesium by focused electron beam (e-beam). The characteristics of nanopore shapes and the crystallographic planes corresponding to the edges of the nanopores were discussed in detail. Interestingly, by manipulating the e-beam (e.g., irradiation direction and duration), the nanopore shape and size could be effectively controlled along different directions. Our results provide important insight into the nanopore patterning in metallic materials and are of fundamental importance concerning the relevant applications, such as nanopore-based sensor, etc.
Transverse effects in plasma wakefield acceleration at FACET - Simulation studies
Adli, E.; Hogan, M.; Frederico, J.; Litos, M. D.; An, W.; Mori, W. [Department of Physics, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo (Norway); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 (United States); University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 (United States)
We investigate transverse effects in the plasma-wakefield acceleration experiments planned and ongoing at FACET. We use PIC simulation tools, mainly QuickPIC, to simulate the interaction of the drive electron beam and the plasma. In FACET a number of beam dynamics knobs, including dispersion and bunch length knobs, can be used to vary the beam transverse characteristics in the plasma. We present simulation results and the status of the FACET experimental searches.
15 CFR 922.192 - Joint Management Committee.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
...2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Joint Management Committee. 922.192 Section 922...COMMERCE OCEAN AND COASTAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY PROGRAM...Underwater Preserve § 922.192 Joint Management Committee. (a) A...
[Performance assessment using the Many-Facet Rasch Measurement].
Prieto Adánez, Gerardo
This paper describes how the Many-Facet Rasch Measurement (MFRM) can be applied to constructed-response items and rater analysis. The article provides an introduction to MFRM, a description of facet analysis procedures, and an illustrative example to examine the effects of various sources of variability on students' performance on a DELE (Diplomas in Spanish as a Foreign Language) test by means of the FACETS program. Results highlight the usefulness of the MFRM to detect raters that have extreme values on the continuum of severity. MFRM facilitates comprehension of the assessment process as well as providing objective measurement of facet elements. PMID:21504675
Faceted Gold Nanorods: Nanocuboids, Convex Nanocuboids, and Concave Nanocuboids.
Zhang, Qingfeng; Zhou, Yadong; Villarreal, Esteban; Lin, Ye; Zou, Shengli; Wang, Hui
Au nanorods are optically tunable anisotropic nanoparticles with built-in catalytic activities. The state-of-the-art seed-mediated nanorod synthesis offers excellent control over the aspect ratios of cylindrical Au nanorods, which enables fine-tuning of plasmon resonances over a broad spectral range. However, facet control of Au nanorods with atomic-level precision remains significantly more challenging. The coexistence of various types of low-index and high-index facets on the highly curved nanorod surfaces makes it extremely challenging to quantitatively elucidate the atomic-level structure-property relationships that underpin the catalytic competence of Au nanorods. Here we demonstrate that cylindrical Au nanorods undergo controlled facet evolution during their overgrowth in the presence of Cu(2+) and cationic surfactants, resulting in the formation of anisotropic nanostructures enclosed by well-defined facets, such as low-index faceting nanocuboids and high-index faceting convex nanocuboids and concave nanocuboids. These faceted Au nanorods exhibit enriched optical extinction spectral features, broader plasmonic tuning range, and enhanced catalytic tunability in comparison to the conventional cylindrical Au nanorods. The capabilities to both fine-tailor the facets and fine-tune the plasmon resonances of anisotropic Au nanoparticles open up unique opportunities for us to study, in great detail, the facet-dependent interfacial molecular transformations on Au nanocatalysts using surface-enhanced Raman scattering as a time-resolved spectroscopic tool. PMID:25927399
FaSet: A Set Theory Model for Faceted Search
Dario Bonino; Fulvio Corno; Laura Farinetti
Faceted classification is a technique originated and refined in the library science field, that recently gained a lot of attention for creating efficient search interfaces for web databases. Faceted search requires the definition of a formal representation model, a search algorithm and a responsive user interface. This paper proposes FaSet, a representation model and search algorithm supporting the implementation of
Search Interface Design Using Faceted Indexing for Web Resources.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Devadason, Francis; Intaraksa, Neelawat; Patamawongjariya, Pornprapa; Desai, Kavita
Describes an experimental system designed to organize and provide access to Web documents using a faceted pre-coordinate indexing system based on the Deep Structure Indexing System (DSIS) derived from POPSI (Postulate based Permuted Subject Indexing) of Bhattacharyya, and the facet analysis and chain indexing system of Ranganathan. (AEF)
Interactive Retrieval Based on Faceted Feedback Lanbo Zhang, Yi Zhang
Zhang, Yi
that helps retrieval systems learn more about user information needs with limited user interactions. Faceted- value pair recommendation approaches and two retrieval models that incorporate user feedback on document facets. Evaluated based on user feedback collected through Amazon Mechanical Turk, our experimental
Personalized Interactive Faceted Search Jonathan Koren, Yi Zhang
Miller, Ethan L.
information spaces. A faceted search system presents users with key- value metadata that is used for query, faceted search, interactive search, user modeling, personalization, evaluation 1. INTRODUCTION Helping and personalization to customize the search interface to each user's behavior. This paper also proposes a utility
An information model for managing domain knowledge via Faceted Taxonomies
Hung-Ju Chu; R. Y. C. Chow
Faceted Taxonomies are often used for managing complex knowledge within a domain. They can be used as a reference model for bottom-up new information analysis and integration. This paper proposes a domain information model that quantifies the semantics (indexing concepts) of the faceted taxonomy nodes and uses them as indexer for integrating and managing knowledge such as software requirements. Through
FACET Tolerances for Static and Dynamic Misalignments
Federico, Joel
The Facility for AdvancedAccelerator and Experimental Tests (FACET) at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory is designed to deliver a beam with a transverse spot size on the order of 10 {micro}m x 10 {micro}m in a new beamline constructed at the two kilometer point of the SLAC linac. Commissioning the beamline requires mitigating alignment errors and their effects, which can be significant and result in spot sizes orders of magnitude larger. Sextupole and quadrupole alignment errors in particular can introduce errors in focusing, steering, and dispersion which can result in spot size growth, beta mismatch, and waist movement. Alignment errors due to static misalignments, mechanical jitter, energy jitter, and other physical processes can be analyzed to determine the level of accuracy and precision that the beamline requires. It is important to recognize these effects and their tolerances in order to deliver a beam as designed.
Role of chemical potential in relaxation of faceted crystal structure.
Schneider, Joshua P; Nakamura, Kanna; Margetis, Dionisios
Below the roughening transition, crystal surfaces have macroscopic plateaus, facets, whose evolution is driven by the microscale dynamics of steps. A long-standing puzzle was how to reconcile discrete effects in facet motion with fully continuum approaches. We propose a resolution of this issue via connecting, through a jump condition, the continuum-scale surface chemical potential away from the facet, characterized by variations of the continuum surface free energy, with a chemical potential originating from the decay of atomic steps on top of the facet. The proposed condition accounts for step flow inside a discrete boundary layer near the facet. To validate this approach, we implement in a radial geometry a hybrid discrete-continuum scheme in which the continuum theory is coupled with only a few, minimally three, steps in diffusion-limited kinetics with conical initial data. PMID:25019795
Role of chemical potential in relaxation of faceted crystal structure
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Schneider, Joshua P.; Nakamura, Kanna; Margetis, Dionisios
Below the roughening transition, crystal surfaces have macroscopic plateaus, facets, whose evolution is driven by the microscale dynamics of steps. A long-standing puzzle was how to reconcile discrete effects in facet motion with fully continuum approaches. We propose a resolution of this issue via connecting, through a jump condition, the continuum-scale surface chemical potential away from the facet, characterized by variations of the continuum surface free energy, with a chemical potential originating from the decay of atomic steps on top of the facet. The proposed condition accounts for step flow inside a discrete boundary layer near the facet. To validate this approach, we implement in a radial geometry a hybrid discrete-continuum scheme in which the continuum theory is coupled with only a few, minimally three, steps in diffusion-limited kinetics with conical initial data.
Ultra-steep side facets in multi-faceted SiGe/Si(001) Stranski-Krastanow islands
For the prototypical Ge/Si(001) system, we show that at high growth temperature a new type of Stranski-Krastanow islands is formed with side facets steeper than {111} and high aspect ratio. Nano-goniometric analysis of the island shapes reveals the presence of six new facet groups in addition to those previously found for dome or barn-shaped islands. Due to the highly multi-faceted island shape and high aspect ratio, the new island types are named "cupola" islands and their steepest {12 5 3} side facet is inclined by 68°to the substrate surface. Assessing the relative stability of the new facets from surface area analysis, we find that their stability is similar to that of {113} and {15 3 23} facets of dome islands. The comparison of the different island shapes shows that they form a hierarchical class of geometrical structures, in which the lower aspect ratio islands of barns, domes and pyramids are directly derived from the cupola islands by successive truncation of the pedestal bases without facet rearrangements. The results underline the key role of surface faceting in the process of island formation, which is as crucial for understanding the island's growth evolution as it is important for device applications. PMID:21711579
Ultra-steep side facets in multi-faceted SiGe/Si(001) Stranski-Krastanow islands
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Brehm, Moritz; Lichtenberger, Herbert; Fromherz, Thomas; Springholz, Gunther
For the prototypical Ge/Si(001) system, we show that at high growth temperature a new type of Stranski-Krastanow islands is formed with side facets steeper than {111} and high aspect ratio. Nano-goniometric analysis of the island shapes reveals the presence of six new facet groups in addition to those previously found for dome or barn-shaped islands. Due to the highly multi-faceted island shape and high aspect ratio, the new island types are named "cupola" islands and their steepest {12 5 3} side facet is inclined by 68°to the substrate surface. Assessing the relative stability of the new facets from surface area analysis, we find that their stability is similar to that of {113} and {15 3 23} facets of dome islands. The comparison of the different island shapes shows that they form a hierarchical class of geometrical structures, in which the lower aspect ratio islands of barns, domes and pyramids are directly derived from the cupola islands by successive truncation of the pedestal bases without facet rearrangements. The results underline the key role of surface faceting in the process of island formation, which is as crucial for understanding the island's growth evolution as it is important for device applications.
Characterization of etched facets for GaN-based lasers
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Scherer, M.; Schwegler, V.; Seyboth, M.; Eberhard, F.; Kirchner, C.; Kamp, M.; Ulu, G.; Ünlü, M. S.; Gruhler, R.; Hollricher, O.
Dry-etching of laser facets is commonly used for (InAl)GaN/sapphire-based structures since the epitaxial planes of the nitride layers are rotated with respect to the substrate planes making cleaving impractical. To achieve steep and smooth facets by chemically assisted ion beam etching, a 3-layer resist system is developed for patterning. Characterization by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy shows facets with root-mean-square roughnesses of 7 nm and inclination angles of 2-4°. Optically pumped lasers yield low threshold excitation densities for fully doped separate confinement heterostructure lasers.
Atomic-scale determination of surface facets in gold nanorods.
Goris, Bart; Bals, Sara; Van den Broek, Wouter; Carbó-Argibay, Enrique; Gómez-Grańa, Sergio; Liz-Marzán, Luis M; Van Tendeloo, Gustaaf
It is widely accepted that the physical properties of nanostructures depend on the type of surface facets. For Au nanorods, the surface facets have a major influence on crucial effects such as reactivity and ligand adsorption and there has been controversy regarding facet indexing. Aberration-corrected electron microscopy is the ideal technique to study the atomic structure of nanomaterials. However, these images correspond to two-dimensional (2D) projections of 3D nano-objects, leading to an incomplete characterization. Recently, much progress was achieved in the field of atomic-resolution electron tomography, but it is still far from being a routinely used technique. Here we propose a methodology to measure the 3D atomic structure of free-standing nanoparticles, which we apply to characterize the surface facets of Au nanorods. This methodology is applicable to a broad range of nanocrystals, leading to unique insights concerning the connection between the structure and properties of nanostructures. PMID:23085569
Facette : using facets to improve tag-based bookmarking
Lai, Peter (Peter J.)
Facette is a web service that uses facets to enhance the organizational capabilities of tag-based bookmarking systems. As with other bookmarking services, Facette allows users to associate tags with bookmarks to assist the ...
Hydrothermal growth of multi-facet anatase spheres
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Wu, Jin-Ming; Song, Xiao-Mei; Ma, Lu-Yao; Wei, Xiao-Dan
Titania with various nanostructures can be synthesized by several F --mediated procedures. In this paper, we report the synthesis of a novel multi-facet microsphere consisting of etched single-crystalline anatase by simply immersing metallic Ti plates in an HF aqueous solution under hydrothermal conditions. The etched multi-facet sphere was found to grow through the nucleation and growth of truncated bipyramids on a previously precipitated one to assemble a microsphere, and its subsequent etching by HF to expose the thermodynamic stable {1 0 1} facets. The photocatalytic activity of such etched multi-facet sphere thin films was evaluated utilizing rhodamine B and sulfonic salicylic acid in water as target molecules and compared with commercial Degussa P25 titania nanoparticles.
Analysis on linac quadrupole misalignment in FACET commissioning 2012
Sun, Yipeng; /SLAC
In this note, the analysis on linac quadrupole misalignment is presented for the FACET linac section LI05-09 plus LI11-19. The effectiveness of the beam-based alignment technique is preliminarily confirmed by the measurement. Beam-based alignment technique was adopted at SLAC linac since SLC time. Here the beam-based alignment algorithms are further developed and applied in the FACET commissioning during 2012 run.
Measurement of vibrational motions using a three-facet mirror
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Park, Won S.; Cho, Hyungsuck; Byun, Yong-Kyu
A new measurement method to measure vibrational motions of objects is presented. The original principle is similar to the previous work that utilized a 3-facet mirror to obtain three dimensional positions and orientations of rigid bodies. While the previous work was presented for only stationary objects, in this paper, we newly investigate the feasibility of this method for dynamic applications. The 3-facet mirror that looks like a triangular pyramid having an equilateral cross-sectional shape. The mirror has three lateral reflective surfaces inclined 45 degrees to its bottom surface, and is mounted on the object whose motion is to be measured. As optical components, a He-Ne laser source and three position-sensitive detectors (PSD) are used. The laser beam is emitted from the He-Ne laser source located at the upright position and vertically incident to the top of the 3-facet mirror. The laser beam is reflected from the 3-facet mirror and splits into three sub-beams, each of which is reflected from the three facets and finally arrives at three PSDs, respectively. Since each PSD is a 2-dimensional sensor, we can acquire the information on the three dimensional position and orientation of the 3-facet mirror. From this principle, we can get the motion of any object simply by mounting the 3-facet mirror on the object. In this paper, the measurement principle and a series of experiments are presented. The experiments include measurements of vibrational motions of a piezoelectric actuator that moves the 3-facet mirror in a single axis. The experimental results are compared with those of a laser doppler vibrometer. Through the experiments, the proposed sensor is proven to be an effective means for measuring dynamic motions of objects.
Structural Equation Modelling of Multiple Facet Data: Extending Models for Multitrait-Multimethod Data
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Bechger, Timo M.; Maris, Gunter
This paper is about the structural equation modelling of quantitative measures that are obtained from a multiple facet design. A facet is simply a set consisting of a finite number of elements. It is assumed that measures are obtained by combining each element of each facet. Methods and traits are two such facets, and a multitrait-multimethod…
Beyond Text Queries and Ranked Lists: Faceted Search in Library Catalogs
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Niu, Xi
Since the adoption of faceted search in a small number of academic libraries in 2006, faceted library catalogs have gained popularity in many academic and public libraries. This dissertation seeks to understand whether faceted search improves the interactions between searchers and library catalogs and to understand ways that facets are used in…
Empirical relationships among triangular facet slope, facet height and slip rates along active normal faults from ASTER DEM data
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Tsimi, Christina; Ganas, Athanassios
ASTER DEM data (30-m pixel size) are used to derive empirical relationships between triangular facet attributes and slip rates along active normal faults. We sampled 232 triangular facets along 10 normal faults in Greece and Bulgaria that slip with rates from 0.1 mm/yr up to 1.3 mm/yr. The studied normal faults accumulate Quaternary tectonic strain in well-known extensional provinces, such as central Greece, Crete and SW Bulgaria. The normal fault footwalls analysed herein have been developed under similar long-term climatic conditions. It is suggested that two key geometrical features of the youngest generation of triangular facets (slope angle and height) can provide useful metrics to assess rates of deformation when seismological and geodetic data are lacking or not found in sufficient quantity to make reasonable assessments. Our derived empirical relation between slip rate and facet slope angle is: Y=0.057•X-1 where Y is fault slip rate (mm/yr) and X is facet slope angle (degrees), with an R˛ = 0.728. It is envisaged that our analysis may be helpful in assessing seismic hazard along normal faults with similar facet characteristics in other extensional settings. Note: This research was funded by The Rapid Analysis and Spatialisation Of Risk (RASOR) project http://www.rasor-project.eu/
Faceted visualization of three dimensional neuroanatomy by combining ontology with faceted search.
Veeraraghavan, Harini; Miller, James V
In this work, we present a faceted-search based approach for visualization of anatomy by combining a three dimensional digital atlas with an anatomy ontology. Specifically, our approach provides a drill-down search interface that exposes the relevant pieces of information (obtained by searching the ontology) for a user query. Hence, the user can produce visualizations starting with minimally specified queries. Furthermore, by automatically translating the user queries into the controlled terminology our approach eliminates the need for the user to use controlled terminology. We demonstrate the scalability of our approach using an abdominal atlas and the same ontology. We implemented our visualization tool on the opensource 3D Slicer software. We present results of our visualization approach by combining a modified Foundational Model of Anatomy (FMA) ontology with the Surgical Planning Laboratory (SPL) Brain 3D digital atlas, and geometric models specific to patients computed using the SPL brain tumor dataset. PMID:24006207
Investigating facets of personality in adult pathological gamblers with ADHD
Davtian, Margarit; Reid, Rory C; Fong, Timothy W
SUMMARY The present study explored facets of personality in a sample of pathological gamblers with ADHD (n = 52) and without ADHD (n = 43). Participants were assessed for psychopathology and gambling disorders using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, the National Opinion Research Center DSM Screen for Gambling Problems, and the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale. Facets of personality were assessed using the NEO Personality Inventory–Revised. Group differences emerged across several facets of personality when analyzed using multivariate statistics. Although both groups experienced difficulties in several areas compared with norming data (e.g., greater depression, higher impulsivity, lower self-esteem and lower self-discipline), these facets of personality were more pronounced in pathological gamblers with ADHD. Most notable among these differences are tendencies for gamblers with ADHD to experience greater levels of emotional instability, interpersonal sensitivity and stress proneness. Pathological gamblers with ADHD also appear to experience lower self-esteem, greater difficulty being assertive and lower levels of self-discipline. Surprisingly, both groups were comparable on facets of impulsivity. These findings suggest that pathological gamblers diagnosed with adult ADHD may experience additional challenges compared with pathological gamblers without ADHD. PMID:22815658
Facets of Parenting a Child with Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
Rempel, Gwen R.; Rogers, Laura G.; Ravindran, Vinitha; Magill-Evans, Joyce
The purpose of the study was to conceptualize the needs of parents of young children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) to provide a theoretical framework to inform the development of future parent interventions. Participants were parents and grandparents (n = 53) of 15 young children who had undergone the Sano surgical approach for HLHS. Analysis of recorded and transcribed single interviews with each participant was done as directed by interpretive description methodology. A model of five facets of parenting was conceptualized. These included survival parenting, "hands-off" parenting, expert parenting, uncertain parenting, and supported parenting. The facets of parenting delineated through this study provide a theoretical framework that can be used to guide the development and evaluation of interventions for parents of children with complex congenital heart disease and potentially other life-threatening conditions. Each facet constitutes a critical component for educational or psychosocial intervention for parents. PMID:22548161
Mapping Mindfulness Facets onto Dimensions of Anxiety and Depression
Desrosiers, Alethea; Klemanski, David H.; Nolen-Hoeksema, Susan
Background Mindfulness has been associated with anxiety and depression, but the ways in which specific facets of mindfulness relate to symptoms of anxiety and depression remains unclear. The purpose of the current study was to investigate associations between specific facets of mindfulness (e.g., observing, describing, nonjudging, acting with awareness, and nonreactivity) and dimensions of anxiety and depression symptoms (e.g., anxious arousal, general distress-anxiety, general distress-depression, and anhedonic depression) while controlling for shared variance among variables. Methods Participants were 187 treatment-seeking adults. Mindfulness was measured using the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire and symptoms of depression and anxiety were measured using the Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire. Results Bivariate correlations showed that all facets of mindfulness were significantly related to all dimensions of anxiety and depression with two exceptions: describing was unrelated to general distress -anxiety, and observing was unrelated to all symptom clusters. Path analysis was used to simultaneously examine associations between mindfulness facets and depression and anxiety symptoms. Significant and marginally significant pathways were retained to construct a more parsimonious model and model fit indices were examined. The parsimonious model indicated that nonreactivity was significantly inversely associated with general distress anxiety symptoms. Describing was significantly inversely associated with anxious arousal, while observing was significantly positively associated with it. Nonjudging and nonreactivity were significantly inversely related to general distress-depression and anhedonic depression symptomatology. Acting with awareness was not significantly associated with any dimensions of anxiety or depression. Conclusions Findings support associations between specific facets of mindfulness and dimensions of anxiety and depression and highlight the potential utility of targeting these specific aspects of mindfulness in interventions for anxiety and mood disorders. PMID:23768665
Faceting and branching in 2D crystal growth.
Tegze, György; Tóth, Gyula I; Gránásy, László
Using atomic scale time-dependent density functional calculations we confirm that both diffusion-controlled and diffusionless crystallization modes exist in simple 2D systems. We provide theoretical evidence that a faceted to nonfaceted transition is coupled to these crystallization modes, and faceting is governed by the local supersaturation at the fluid-crystalline interface. We also show that competing modes of crystallization have a major influence on mesopattern formation. Irregularly branched and porous structures are emerging at the crossover of the crystallization modes. The proposed branching mechanism differs essentially from dendritic fingering driven by diffusive instability. PMID:21668173
Before The Nature Conservancy established the Silver Creek Preserve, the watershed had been degraded by years of livestock grazing and overfishing. Preserve managers have been concerned about sedimentation, increasing stream temperatures, and invasive species. To measure the effectiveness of their ...
Morphological Traits Around Patellofemoral Joint in Indian Femora and their Implications
Ghosh, Suchismita; Vasudeva, Neelam
Introduction: Knowledge of structural variations around patellofemoral joint has helped to understand postural behavior patterns of various population groups. The biomechanical impact of postures may lead to certain skeletal modifications which may contribute to knee pathologies like patellofemoral arthritis, patellar subluxation and trochlear dysplasia. This study was conducted to report the incidence of skeletal non-metric markers on femur in Indian population and to understand their correlation with some pathologies of patellofemoral joint. The traits studied were Martin's facet, Peritrochlear groove and Supratrochlear facet. Materials and Methods: The study material was a collection of 152 adult femora from osteology museum in Department of Anatomy, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India, with equal percentage of bones from each side and gender. All bones were evaluated for the above mentioned traits and results were obtained as percentage of incidence and Chi-Square test using SPSS version 17. Results: The data showed that Martin's facet and Peritrochlear groove showed a higher occurrence in male femora. However, Supratrochlear facet was more commonly found in female bones. Martin's facet had an equal incidence on femora of each side while peritrochlear groove and supratrochlear facet had higher percentage of occurrence on right side. Supratrochlear facet revealed significant side variation. Conclusion: These data suggest that casual or occupational postures may impose structural adaptations around patell- ofemoral joint. The stress of these postures may have causal,consequential or co-incidental relationship with joint pathologies. The gender, special occupations like sports and genetic predisposition may possibly have a role to play. PMID:25302179
Cynthia Kelly
The Manhattan Project transformed the course of American and world history, science, politics and society. If we can read about this in books and watch History Channel documentaries, why do we need to preserve some of the properties of this enormous undertaking? The presentation, ``A History Worth Preserving,'' will address why some of the physical properties need to be preserved
Preservation--Everybody's Job.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Schobernd, Elizabeth M.
Outlines concepts essential for library material preservation. Describes the following components of a formal preservation program: (1) environmental control; (2) repair; (3) binding; (4) deacidification; (5) reformatting; (6) disaster preparedness; (7) education; and (8) administration. Suggests that libraries can improve their preservation…
Chapter XLIV Digital Preservation
Chapter XLIV Digital Preservation Stephan Strodl Vienna University of Technology, Austria when the original software to interpret them has become unavailable. Digital preservation has thus in the field of digital preservation including the OAIS reference model. We give an overview about the projects
Quality assurance model capturing ERP implementation facets through RVRA services
Jarallah S. AlGhamdi; Zeeshan Muzaffar
Success of any ERP project requires the clear understanding of the various implementation facets and careful and appropriate identification of systematic QA activities to provide adequate confidence that when rolled out the system will fulfill requirements for quality and achieve envisaged business value. In this effort, we unleash details of rigorous ERP QA model designed at Ministry of Education, Saudi
Clique-based facets for the precedence constrained knapsack ...
Dec 19, 2005 ... for network design and other related problems. ... In this paper, we determine facet-defining inequalities for the convex hull conv(P) of the PCKP ...... I.: A study of part type selection approaches for short-term production plan-.
The Development of Artificial Immune System in Topographic Facet
Bidisha Das; Preeti Kumari; Rachna Jindal; Rashmi Rameshwari
This paper explores artificial immune system in feature extraction mechanism. Certain important features like robustness, dynamic, adaptive, error tolerant, distributive are key features of natural immune system. These features have a detailed description. We have used adaptive immune system to develop this extraction method successfully. The terrain has several facets such as water, vegetation, urban, denseurban, barren and many more.
On the 0, 1 facets of the set covering polytope
Gérard Cornuéjols; Antonio Sassano
In this paper, we consider inequalities of the formS ajxj = ß, whereaj equals 0 or 1, andß is a positive integer. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for such inequalities to define facets of the set covering polytope associated with a 0, 1 constraint matrixA. These conditions are in terms of critical edges and critical cutsets defined in the
Beyond Conflict: Functional Facets of the Work-Family Interplay
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Wiese, Bettina S.; Seiger, Christine P.; Schmid, Christian M.; Freund, Alexandra M.
The present paper deals with three positive facets of the work-family interplay, i.e., transfer of competencies, transfer of positive mood, and cross-domain compensation. The latter refers to the experience that engagement in one domain helps dealing with failures in the other domain. In two correlational studies (N[subscript 1] = 107 working…
Conceptualizing Educational Leadership: Does Exploring Macro-Level Facets Matters?
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Sinha, Chetan
The present review attempts to examine the present status of educational leadership highlighting the role of macro-level facets in Asian Pacific context. The conceptualization of educational leadership among researchers so far had been found to vary according to different contexts and situations. Theoretical perspectives associated with…
Performance Appraisal Process and System Facets: Relationships With Contextual Performance
Henry M. Findley; William F. Giles; Kevin W. Mossholder
Because appraisal-related interactions between supervisors and employees may influence more than task performance, the authors considered the potential effects of social and interpersonal processes in performance appraisal on contextual performance. They hypothesized that performance appraisal process and system facets were associated with employees' contextual performance as well as with their perceptions of appraisal accuracy. After controlling relevant variables, they found
This student-generated proposal presents a multi-faceted program for sustainable stewardship of the natural areas south of the built campus of Ithaca College. Our challenge is to use student research and class projects to enhance biodiversity, support education and research, and...
Annotations in Digital Libraries and Collaboratories - Facets, Models and Usage
Maristella Agosti; Nicola Ferro; Ingo Frommholz; Ulrich Thiel
This paper presents the results of our study regarding the dif- ferent facets and ways of using annotations in both digital libraries and collaboratories. This study represents an innovative attempt at gathering methodological tools and synergies from both fields in order to effectively define a comprehensive model for annotations. Thus we propose a con- ceptual model for annotations in order
Analyses of small facets imaged with scanning-probe microscopy
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Hegeman, J. B. J. W.; Kooi, B. J.; Groen, H. B.; De Hosson, J. Th. M.
Two tools for the analysis of facets as detected by scanning-probe microscopy (SPM) images are proposed. One tool is an adaptation of the radial-histogram transform proposed by D. Schleef et al. in Phys. Rev. B. 55, 2535 (1997). In this article the local slopes in the SPM image are in the present version determined by Savitsky-Golay filters with variable lengths [A. Savitsky and M. J. E. Golay, Anal. Chem. 36, 1627 (1964)]. These variable length filters turn out to be important to suppress the influence of noise obscuring the possibility to detect facets and to analyze corrugations with different length scales in SPM images, e.g., surface reconstructions. The other tool allows the direct quantitative determination of the orientation (with a standard deviation) of user-specified parts of facets. It makes use of a Savitsky-Golay filter as well. Both tools were applied to an artificially constructed SPM image and several experimental SFM images showing (ionic) MnO precipitates protruding out of a (metallic) Cu surface. It is shown that the Miller indices of the facets can be derived experimentally.
Terahertz Light Source and User Area at FACET
Wu, Z.; Li, S.Z.; Litos, M.; Fisher, A.D.; Hogan, M.J.; /SLAC
FACET at SLAC provides high charge, high peak current, low emittance electron beam that is bunched at THz wavelength scale during its normal operation. A THz light source based coherent transition radiation (CTR) from this beam would potentially be the brightest short-pulse THz source ever constructed. Efforts have been put into building this photon source together with a user area, to provide a platform to utilize this unique THz radiation for novel nonlinear and ultrafast phenomena researches and experiments. Being a long-time underutilized portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, terahertz (100 GHz {approx} 10 THz) spectral range is experiencing a renaissance in recent years, with broad interests from chemical and biological imaging, material science, telecommunication, semiconductor and superconductor research, etc. Nevertheless, the paucity of THz sources especially strong THz radiation hinders both its commercial applications and nonlinear processes research. FACET - Facilities for Accelerator science and Experimental Test beams at SLAC - provides 23 GeV electron beam with peak currents of {approx} 20 kA that can be focused down to 100 {mu}m{sup 2} transversely. Such an intense electron beam, when compressed to sub-picosecond longitudinal bunch length, coherently radiates high intensity EM fields well within THz frequency range that are orders of magnitude stronger than those available from laboratory tabletop THz sources, which will enable a wide variety of THz related research opportunities. Together with a description of the FACET beamline and electron beam parameters, this paper will report FACET THz radiation generation via coherent transition radiation and calculated photon yield and power spectrum. A user table is being set up along the THz radiation extraction sites, and equipped with various signal diagnostics including THz power detector, Michelson interferometer, sample stages, and sets of motorized optical components. This setup will also be presented. Potential THz research areas including studies of magnetism, ferroelectric switching dynamics, semiconductor devices and chemical reaction controls have already been proposed for the FACET THz area.
Faceted Taxonomy-based Information Management Yannis Tzitzikas1,2
Analyti, Anastasia
Faceted Taxonomy-based Information Management Yannis Tzitzikas1,2 and Anastasia Analyti2 1 of managing (faceted) taxonomy-based in- formation sources. Specifically, we discuss (i) the seman- tic description of faceted taxonomies, based on the Com- pound Term Composition Algebra (CTCA), (ii) the revision
Description Logic and Faceted Knowledge Representation School of Library and Information Science
Priss, Uta
of abstraction or the same aspect on different lev- els of abstraction. The notion of facets is related Representation The elements (or uniformities) of faceted knowledge rep- resentation are units, relations and facets. Units are atomic elements or tuples of atomic elements. Relations are sequences or matrices of 0
Study of reactive ion etched (RIE) facets of silicon- on-insulator (SOI) rip waveguides
L. Zimmermann; M. Schnarrenberger; T. Mitze; J. Bruns; K. Petermann
In our study we compare the quality of dry etched rip waveguide facets to facets prepared by a conventional polishing technique. Linear SOI waveguide arrays were fabricated on BESOI (bonded and etched-back SOI) material with a silicon top-layer of H = 4 ?m. We used standard contact lithography for patterning and a commercial RIE system for waveguide and facet etching.
How Justice Department Viewed the St. Louis Joint Operating Agreement.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Tozier, Carolyn
Reports that the Newspaper Preservation Act played a positive role in the St. Louis "Globe Democrat" experience of 1983, and that the outcome of that experience suggests that the antitrust laws operate when a joint operating agreement ends. (FL)
Preservation Management of Digital Materials
NSDL National Science Digital Library
The World Wide Web gives us an unprecedented opportunity to provide people around the globe with access to significant historical and cultural works. However, the Web, by its very nature, requires those works to be in some electronically transmittable form before they can be made available, and most historical documents, by their very nature, are in a form well-removed from the computerized world of today. So how can this gap be bridged? And once a bridge is built, how can we be assured that it will stand over the decades and centuries to come? Preservation Management of Digital Materials, published by the UK's Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC), provides in-depth coverage of the procedures and issues encountered in the course of creating and storing digital documents. This publication provides easily-accessible information that should be of increasing interest to anyone involved with digital publication and archiving of existing works.
The synthesis of nitrogen/sulfur co-doped TiO2 nanocrystals with a high specific surface area and a high percentage of {001} facets and their enhanced visible-light photocatalytic performance
Nitrogen/sulfur co-doped anatase TiO2 nanocrystals with a high specific surface area and a high percentage of {001} facets were synthesized by a solvent-thermal process followed by the calcination with thiourea at an optimum heat treatment temperature. Under current experimental conditions, the optimum heat treatment temperature was found at 300°C, which successfully introduced nitrogen and sulfur dopants into the anatase lattice to replace a small portion of oxygen atoms while preserving the geometry of these anatase TiO2 nanocrystals to maintain a high percentage of {001} facets. These nitrogen/sulfur co-doped anatase TiO2 nanocrystals demonstrated a largely enhanced light absorption in the whole visible-light range and exhibited much higher photocatalytic performance than both P25 TiO2 nanoparticles and anatase TiO2 nanocrystals with a high percentage of {001} facets under visible-light illumination. PMID:23095371
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
2 0 1 4 PREDON Scientific Data Preservation in2p3-00959072,version1-13Mar2014 #12;in2p3 Sommaire Introduction Scientific case Data preservatIon In hIgh energy physIcs c. Diaconu, s. Kraml vIrtual observatory In astrophysIcs c. surace crystallography open Databases anD preservatIon: a WorlD-WIDe In
National Film Preservation Foundation
NSDL National Science Digital Library
Created by the United States Congress, the National Film Preservation Foundation provides nationwide support to the preservation of American films of cultural and historical significance, along with improving film access for study, education, and exhibition. Located in San Francisco, the Foundation also awards grants to various film archives and preservations agencies who are also dedicated to preserving important landmarks in American cinematic history. Information on the site includes Preservation Basics, which talks about the importance of film preservation and the nature and chemistry of film decay. A grants and projects section offers information about applying for a film preservation grant from the Foundation and about ongoing preservation projects, like the Saving the Silents: The American Silent Fiction Film Project. In addition, the site contains a complete listing (by title, date, and archive) of the 500 films helped preserved by the Foundation. Film researchers and scholars will find a map of the United States that lists existing film archives and study centers around the country both helpful and a useful tool for determining the direction of their research.
Development and Validation of a Synthetic Lumbar Facet Joint and its Load Bearing Characteristics
Mar, Damon
valid as pain is often reported to persist even after the procedure is performed [16]. ? Laminotomy/Laminectomy: These procedures aim to reduce pressure on spinal nerves and the spinal cord by the removal vertebral lamina. These procedures...
Adsorbate-Induced Faceting of Ir and Re Surfaces
Payam Kaghazchi; Timo Jacob; Matthias Scheffler; Wenhua Chen; Hao Wang; Theodore Madey
Since high-index clean metal surfaces typically have lower surface atom densities and higher surface free energies compared to the close-packed surfaces of the same metal they can be used as the basis for surface reconstruction and facet formation studies. In this context experimentally we found recently that on Ir(210) and Re(1121) surfaces strongly interacting adsorbates are able to induce the
Adsorbate-induced nanoscale faceting of rhenium surfaces
Hao Wang
In this dissertation, we report the first systematic study of adsorbate-induced faceting of hexagonal close-packed (hcp) metal surfaces. Focusing on two atomically rough rhenium surfaces: Re(1231) and Re(11 21), we reveal the dependence of their surface morphology on adsorbate coverage and species by means of low energy electron diffraction (LEED), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), temperature programmed
Generalized sloped facet models useful in multispectral image analysis
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Cohen, E. A., Jr.
It is shown how sloped facet models (SFMs) can be used in multispectral image analysis to produce first-order descriptions in terms of their essential components. The concept of SFM and the concept of split-and-merge is unified in order to obtain a more reliable classification scheme. Finally, a Sobolev design is introduced which makes it possible to trade off slope information and mesh size in determining improved regression models.
Extraversion and psychopathology: A facet-level analysis.
Watson, David; Stasik, Sara M; Ellickson-Larew, Stephanie; Stanton, Kasey
The goal of this study was to explicate how the lower order facets of extraversion are related to psychopathology. We used a "bottom-up" approach in which specific extraversion scales from 3 comprehensive personality inventories were used to model these facets as latent factors. We collected both self-report and interview measures of a broad range of psychopathology from a large community sample. Replicating previous findings using a similar approach (Naragon-Gainey & Watson, 2014; Naragon-Gainey, Watson, & Markon, 2009), structural analyses yielded four factors: Positive Emotionality, Sociability, Assertiveness, and Experience Seeking. Scores on these latent dimensions were related to psychopathology in correlational analyses and in two sets of regressions (the first series used the four facets as predictors; the second included composite scores on the other Big Five domains as additional predictors). These results revealed a striking level of specificity. As predicted, Positive Emotionality displayed especially strong negative links to depressive symptoms and diagnoses. Sociability also was negatively related to psychopathology, showing particularly strong associations with indicators of social dysfunction and the negative symptoms of schizotypy (i.e., social anxiety, social aloofness, and restricted affectivity). Assertiveness generally had weak associations at the bivariate level but was negatively related to social anxiety and was positively correlated with some forms of externalizing. Finally, Experience Seeking had substantial positive associations with a broad range of indicators related to externalizing and bipolar disorder; it also displayed negative links to agoraphobia. These differential correlates demonstrate the importance of examining personality-psychopathology relations at the specific facet level. (PsycINFO Database Record PMID:25751628
Joint Projects / Joint Seminars October 2013
Fuchs, Clemens
Joint Projects / Joint Seminars October 2013 Information Sheet Bilateral Programs (MoU)  Joint Projects (JP) / Joint Seminars (JS) FWF has signed bilateral agreements  so called "Memorandums of Understanding" (MoU)  with several international partner organisations. These agreements usually aim at jointly
Tunable Plasmonic Nanoparticles with Catalytically Active High-Index Facets
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Jing, Hao; Large, Nicolas; Zhang, Qinfeng; Nordlander, Peter; Wang, Hui
Noble metal nanoparticles have been of tremendous interest due to their intriguing size- and shape-dependent plasmonic and catalytic properties. Combining tunable plasmon resonances with superior catalytic activities on the same metallic nanoparticle, however, has long been challenging because nanoplasmonics and nanocatalysis typically require nanoparticles in two drastically different size regimes. Here, we demonstrate that creation of high-index facets on subwavelength metallic nanoparticles provides a unique approach to the integration of desired plasmonic and catalytic properties on the same nanoparticle. Through site-selective surface etching of metallic nanocuboids whose surfaces are dominated by low-index facets, we have controllably fabricated nanorice and nanodumbbell shaped particles, which exhibit drastically enhanced catalytic activities arising from the catalytically active high-index facets abundant on the particle surfaces. The nanorice and nanodumbbell particles also possess appealing tunable plasmonic properties that allow us to gain quantitative insights into nanoparticle-catalyzed reactions with unprecedented sensitivity and detail through time-resolved plasmon-enhanced spectroscopic measurements. Past affiliation: Rice University.
Selective Facet Reactivity During Cation Exchange in Cadmium Sulfide Nanorods
Sadtler, Bryce; Demchenko, Denis; Zheng, Haimei; Hughes, Steven; Merkle, Maxwell; Dahmen, Ulrich; Wang, Lin-Wang; Alivisatos, A. Paul
The partial transformation of ionic nanocrystals through cation exchange has been used to synthesize nanocrystal heterostructures. We demonstrate that the selectivity for cation exchange to take place at different facets of the nanocrystal plays an important role in determining the resulting morphology of the binary heterostructure. In the case of copper I (Cu+) cation exchange in cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanorods, the reaction starts preferentially at the ends of the nanorods such that copper sulfide (Cu2S) grows inwards from either end. The resulting morphology is very different from the striped pattern obtained in our previous studies of silver I (Ag+) exchange in CdS nanorods where non-selective nucleation of silver sulfide (Ag2S) occurs. From interface formation energies calculated for several models of epitaxialconnections between CdS and Cu2S or Ag2S, we infer the relative stability of each interface during the nucleation and growth of Cu2S or Ag2S within the CdS nanorods. The epitaxial connections of Cu2S to the end facets of CdS nanorods minimize the formation energy, making these interfaces stable throughout the exchange reaction. However, as the two end facets of wurtzite CdS nanorods are crystallographically nonequivalent, asymmetric heterostructures can be produced.
Framework Application for Core Edge Transport Simulation (FACETS)
Krasheninnikov, Sergei; Pigarov, Alexander
The FACETS (Framework Application for Core-Edge Transport Simulations) project of Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) Program was aimed at providing a high-fidelity whole-tokamak modeling for the U.S. magnetic fusion energy program and ITER through coupling separate components for each of the core region, edge region, and wall, with realistic plasma particles and power sources and turbulent transport simulation. The project also aimed at developing advanced numerical algorithms, efficient implicit coupling methods, and software tools utilizing the leadership class computing facilities under Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR). The FACETS project was conducted by a multi-discipline, multi-institutional teams, the Lead PI was J.R. Cary (Tech-X Corp.). In the FACETS project, the Applied Plasma Theory Group at the MAE Department of UCSD developed the Wall and Plasma-Surface Interaction (WALLPSI) module, performed its validation against experimental data, and integrated it into the developed framework. WALLPSI is a one-dimensional, coarse grained, reaction/advection/diffusion code applied to each material boundary cell in the common modeling domain for a tokamak. It incorporates an advanced model for plasma particle transport and retention in the solid matter of plasma facing components, simulation of plasma heat power load handling, calculation of erosion/deposition, and simulation of synergistic effects in strong plasma-wall coupling.
Protein Preservation BIOMATERIALS
Protein Preservation BIOMATERIALS Our goal is to develop measurements for characterizing sugar-based glasses with respect to their ability to serve as preservation media for therapeutic proteins to the stability of proteins in stabilizing sugar-based glass. This property had been completely overlooked
Locality Preserving Projections
Xiaofei He; Partha Niyogi
Many problems in information processing involve some form of dimen- sionality reduction. In this paper, we introduce Locality Preserving Pro- jections (LPP). These are linear projective maps that arise by solving a variational problem that optimally preserves the neighborhood structure of the data set. LPP should be seen as an alternative to Principal Com- ponent Analysis (PCA) - a classical
NSDL National Science Digital Library
This lesson plan stresses the importance of maintaining ecosystems and explores the various arguments in favor of preserving the biodiversity of Earth. Students will view photos of endangered species and discuss why these animals are threatened and why they should be protected; learn the meaning of biodiversity, ecosystem, and extinction; explain why all members of an ecosystem are important; list the reasons why biodiversity should be preserved; read articles on various arguments in favor of preserving biodiversity; and write essays in which they explain what they feel are the most compelling reasons for preserving biodiversity and also describe the arguments they think would be most likely to convince the general public that biodiversity should be preserved.
Varvaresou, A; Papageorgiou, S; Tsirivas, E; Protopapa, E; Kintziou, H; Kefala, V; Demetzos, C
Preservatives are added to products for two reasons: first, to prevent microbial spoilage and therefore to prolong the shelf life of the product; second, to protect the consumer from a potential infection. Although chemical preservatives prevent microbial growth, their safety is questioned by a growing segment of consumers. Therefore, there is a considerable interest in the development of preservative-free or self-preserving cosmetics. In these formulations traditional/chemical preservatives have been replaced by other cosmetic ingredients with antimicrobial properties that are not legislated as preservatives according to the Annex VI of the Commission Directive 76/768/EEC and the amending directives (2003/15/EC, 2007/17/EC and 2007/22/EC). 'Hurdle Technology', a technology that has been used for the control of product safety in the food industry since 1970s, has also been applied for the production of self-preserving cosmetics. 'Hurdle Technology' is a term used to describe the intelligent combination of different preservation factors or hurdles to deteriorate the growth of microorganisms. Adherence to current good manufacturing practice, appropriate packaging, careful choice of the form of the emulsion, low water activity and low or high pH values are significant variables for the control of microbial growth in cosmetic formulations. This paper describes the application of the basic principles of 'Hurdle Technology' in the production of self-preserving cosmetics. Multifunctional antimicrobial ingredients and plant-derived essential oils and extracts that are used as alternative or natural preservatives and are not listed in Annex VI of the Cosmetic Directive are also reported. PMID:19302511
Remote Belief: Preserving Volition 2 Remote Belief: Preserving Volition 3
Sivilotti, Paul
1 ! " Remote Belief: Preserving Volition 2 # $ % & # ' # (& #) & $ $ $ $ $ & $ * # # $ $ * # * # $ $ # $ & # * & & %+ $ ' # & $ Remote Belief: Preserving Volition 3 , $ (- ). / $ / $ / 0 1/ / & $ / 0 $ $ & (1 - & ) 2 & # & $ & / 3 & / * # $ / 4 & Remote Belief: Preserving Volition 4 ! All possible scenarios Equivalence classes of scenarios
NSDL National Science Digital Library
This National Park Service site contains sections on: desert ecology, with explanations of the desert types (rain shadow deserts, coastal deserts, and remote interior basins), and data on desert population growth; desert plants and animals; history of the preserve including Mojave Indian and Black homesteaders history; recreational information; education, with a list of rangers to call or email for curriculum programs; management issues, including a Final Environmental Impact Statement and General Management Plan; and maps of the preserve. There is also an online story book for kids about desert tortoises and links to information on the geology (as well as geological maps) of the preserve.
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Wilson, Andrew (Inventor); Punnoose, Andrew (Inventor); Strausser, Katherine (Inventor); Parikh, Neil (Inventor)
A joint assembly is provided which includes a drive assembly and a swivel mechanism. The drive assembly features a motor operatively associated with a plurality of drive shafts for driving auxiliary elements, and a plurality of swivel shafts for pivoting the drive assembly. The swivel mechanism engages the swivel shafts and has a fixable element that may be attached to a foundation. The swivel mechanism is adapted to cooperate with the swivel shafts to pivot the drive assembly with at least two degrees of freedom relative to the foundation. The joint assembly allows for all components to remain encased in a tight, compact, and sealed package, making it ideal for space, exploratory, and commercial applications.
A Partnership Framework for Geospatial Data Preservation in North Carolina
Steve Morris; James Tuttle; Jefferson Essic
The North Carolina Geospatial Data Archiving Project (NCGDAP) is a joint project of the NC State University Libraries and the NC Center for Geographic Information and Analysis focusing on collection and preservation of state and local agency digital geospatial data resources. The project is being carried out in collaboration with the Library of Congress under the National Digital Information Infrastructure
Digital preservation in the context of institutional repositories
Helen Hockx-Yu
Purpose – To discuss the issues and challenges of digital preservation facing institutional repositories and to illustrate the Joint Information Systems Committee's (JISC) view on institutional repositories and its key initiatives in helping UK institutions address these issues. Design\\/methodology\\/approach – A combination of published work and JISC documents (public facing or internal) were used as reference material. Findings – Digital
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Benjamin, Thomas B.; Gannon, David J.
Described are the creation, development, activities, and programs of Tifft Farm, a 264-acre nature preserve and environmental education center in Buffalo, New York, constructed on a sanitary landfill. (BT)
Singular orientations and faceted motion of dislocations in body-centered cubic crystals
Kang, Keonwook; Bulatov, Vasily V.; Cai, Wei
Dislocation mobility is a fundamental material property that controls strength and ductility of crystals. An important measure of dislocation mobility is its Peierls stress, i.e., the minimal stress required to move a dislocation at zero temperature. Here we report that, in the body-centered cubic metal tantalum, the Peierls stress as a function of dislocation orientation exhibits fine structure with several singular orientations of high Peierls stress—stress spikes—surrounded by vicinal plateau regions. While the classical Peierls-Nabarro model captures the high Peierls stress of singular orientations, an extension that allows dislocations to bend is necessary to account for the plateau regions. Our results clarify the notion of dislocation kinks as meaningful only for orientations within the plateau regions vicinal to the Peierls stress spikes. These observations lead us to propose a Read-Shockley type classification of dislocation orientations into three distinct classes—special, vicinal, and general—with respect to their Peierls stress and motion mechanisms. We predict that dislocation loops expanding under stress at sufficiently low temperatures, should develop well defined facets corresponding to two special orientations of highest Peierls stress, the screw and the M111 orientations, both moving by kink mechanism. We propose that both the screw and the M111 dislocations are jointly responsible for the yield behavior of BCC metals at low temperatures. PMID:22949701
André G. Holzner; Ryszard Gokieli; Peter Igo-Kemenes; Marcello Maggi; Luca Malgeri; Salvatore Mele; Luc Pape; David Plane; Matthias Schröder; Ulrich Schwickerath; Roberto Tenchini; Jan Timmermans
The four LEP experiments ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL successfully recorded e+e- collision data during the years 1989 to 2000. As part of the ordinary evolution in High Energy Physics, these experiments can not be repeated and their data is therefore unique. This article briefly reviews the data preservation efforts undertaken by the four experiments beyond the end of data taking. The current status of the preserved data and associated tools is summarised.
Appearance-Preserving Simplification
Jonathan D. Cohen; Marc Olano; Dinesh Manocha
We present a new algorithm for appearance-preserving simplif i- cation. Not only does it generate a low-polygon-co unt approx i- mation of a model, but it also preserves the appearance. This is accomplished for a particular display resolution in the sense that we properly sample the surface position, curvature, and color attributes of the input surface. We convert the input
Food Preservation beyond the Season.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Hanes, Phyllis
Examines how current scientific knowledge of food preservation emerged from traditions handed down through the generations. Discusses various methods of preservation, their history, and current application. (LZ)
Facility for Advanced Accelerator Experimental Tests (FACET) at SLAC and its Radiological Considerations
Mao, X.S.; Leitner, M.Santana; Vollaire, J.
Facility for Advanced Accelerator Experimental Tests (FACET) in SLAC will be used to study plasma wakefield acceleration. FLUKA Monte Carlo code was used to design a maze wall to separate FACET project and LCLS project to allow persons working in FACET side during LCLS operation. Also FLUKA Monte Carlo code was used to design the shielding for FACET dump to get optimum design for shielding both prompt and residual doses, as well as reducing environmental impact. FACET will be an experimental facility that provides short, intense pulses of electrons and positrons to excite plasma wakefields and study a variety of critical issues associated with plasma wakefield acceleration [1]. This paper describes the FACET beam parameters, the lay-out and its radiological issues.
Energetic and kinetic aspects of the faceting transformation of a [Sigma]3 grain boundary in Cu
Muschik, T.; Laub, W.; Wolf, U.; Finnis, M.W.; Gust, W. (Max-Planck-Inst. fuer Metallforschung, Stuttgart (Germany))
Grain-boundary facets forming at the intersection between grain boundary and free surface in diffusion bonded Cu[Sigma]3 bicrystals during prolonged annealing have been characterized crystallographically by metallographic methods. The facet geometry is discussed with regard to the relevant (011) section of the inverse [gamma][sub b]-plot for [Sigma]3 grain boundaries which is constructed from earlier computer simulation data on [Sigma]3 grain boundary energies [gamma][sub b]. It is shown that the observed faceting reduces the total grain boundary energy by 15-20%. A faceting mechanism is proposed which is consistent with the experimentally observed facet geometry and with the atomistic structure of the facets.
Real-space observation of (111) facet formation on vicinal Si(111) surfaces
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Hibino, H.; Homma, Y.; Ogino, T.
We report real-space observations of nucleation of (111) facets with 7×7 structures on a vicinal Si(111) surface using ultrahigh-vacuum scanning electron microscopy. As reported previously by Phaneuf et al., who used low-energy electron microscopy [Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 2986 (1991)], (111) facets grow in very anisotropic shapes and are much longer along steps than normal to steps. In addition, we show that (1) the facet width is dependent on the heating current direction and (2) the facets tend to nucleate adjacent to one another. The second result is explained by the fact that stepped regions near the facets are not uniformly inclined but undulated. The local inclination is directly observed using ex situ atomic force microscopy and is in good agreement with calculated results accounting for step-motion kinetics. Additionally, we link the disappearance of the (111) facets to As adsorption.
Model for reflection and transmission matrices of nanowire end facets
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Svendsen, Guro K.; Weman, Helge; Skaar, Johannes
Nanowires show a large potential for various electro-optical devices, such as light emitting diodes, solar cells, and nanowire lasers. We present a method developed to calculate the modal reflection and transmission matrix at the end facets of a waveguide of arbitrary cross-section, resulting in a generalized version of the Fresnel equations. The reflection can be conveniently computed using fast Fourier transforms once the waveguide modes are known. We demonstrate that the reflection coefficient is qualitatively described by two main parameters: the modal field confinement and the average Fresnel reflection of the plane waves constituting the waveguide mode.
A model for the geomorphic development of normal-fault facets
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Tucker, G. E.; Hobley, D. E. J.; McCoy, S. W.
Triangular facets are among the most striking landforms associated with normal faulting. The genesis of facets is of great interest both for the information facets contain about tectonic motion, and because the progressive emergence of facets makes them potential recorders of both geomorphic and tectonic history. In this report, we present observations of triangular facets in the western United States and in the Italian Central Apennines. Facets in these regions typically form quasi-planar surfaces that are aligned in series along and above the trace of an active fault. Some facet surfaces consist mainly of exposed bedrock, with a thin and highly discontinuous cover of loose regolith. Other facets are mantled by a several-decimeter-thick regolith cover. Over the course of its morphologic development, a facet slope segment may evolve from a steep (~60 degree) bedrock fault scarp, well above the angle of repose for soil, to a gentler (~20-40 degree) slope that can potentially sustain a coherent regolith cover. This evolutionary trajectory across the angle of repose renders nonlinear diffusion theory inapplicable. To formulate an alternative process-based theory for facet evolution, we use a particle-based approach that acknowledges the possibility for both short- and long-range sediment-grain motions, depending on the topography. The processes of rock weathering, grain entrainment, and grain motion are represented as stochastic state-pair transitions with specified transition rates. The model predicts that facet behavior can range smoothly along the spectrum from a weathering-limited mode to a transport-limited mode, depending on the ratio of fault-slip rate to bare-bedrock regolith production rate. The model also implies that facets formed along a fault with pinned tips should show systematic variation in slope angle that correlates with along-fault position and slip rate. Preliminary observations from central Italy and the eastern Basin and Range are consistent with this prediction.
Comparing Linkage Designs Based on Land Facets to Linkage Designs Based on Focal Species
Brost, Brian M.; Beier, Paul
Least-cost modeling for focal species is the most widely used method for designing conservation corridors and linkages. However, these designs depend on today's land covers, which will be altered by climate change. We recently proposed an alternative approach based on land facets (recurring landscape units of relatively uniform topography and soils). The rationale is that corridors with high continuity of individual land facets will facilitate movement of species associated with each facet today and in the future. Conservation practitioners might like to know whether a linkage design based on land facets is likely to provide continuity of modeled breeding habitat for species needing connectivity today, and whether a linkage for focal species provides continuity and interspersion of land facets. To address these questions, we compared linkages designed for focal species and land facets in three landscapes in Arizona, USA. We used two variables to measure linkage utility, namely distances between patches of modeled breeding habitat for 5–16 focal species in each linkage, and resistance profiles for focal species and land facets between patches connected by the linkage. Compared to focal species designs, linkage designs based on land facets provided as much or more modeled habitat connectivity for 25 of 28 species-landscape combinations, failing only for the three species with the most narrowly distributed habitat. Compared to land facets designs, focal species linkages provided lower connectivity for about half the land facets in two landscapes. In areas where a focal species approach to linkage design is not possible, our results suggest that conservation practitioners may be able to implement a land facets approach with some confidence that the linkage design would serve most potential focal species. In areas where focal species designs are possible, we recommend using the land facet approach to complement, rather than replace, focal species approaches. PMID:23152831
Synthesis and Isolation of {110}-Faceted Gold Bipyramids and Rhombic Dodecahedra
Personick, Michelle L.; Langille, Mark R.; Zhang, J.; Harris, Nadine; Schatz, George C.; Mirkin, Chad
Two {110}-faceted gold nanostructures—rhombic dodecahedra and obtuse triangular bipyramids—have been synthesized via a Ag-assisted, seed-mediated growth method. The combination of a Cl{sup ?}-containing surfactant with a low concentration of Ag{sup +} plays a role in the stabilization of the {110} facets. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported synthesis of a {110}-faceted bipyramid structure.
Petroleum-base washing and preservative fluid
Belova, T.I.; Churshukov, E.S.; Maiko, L.P.; Zakharova, N.N.
This article reports on an investigation of the feasibility of formulating a wash/preservative fluid from commercial materials already produced in the USSR. Technological advances in the production and maintenance of vehicles, machinery, and mechanisms have raised the quality requirements of materials used to remove contaminants from machine parts in the course of manufacture and service and to protect the parts from atmospheric corrosion between operations. It is determined that it is impossible to formulate a fluid with the required level of detergency, waterdisplacing properties, and protective properties by diluting commercial preservative materials with organic solvents. A wash/preservative fluid is proposed which is composed of an alkenylsuccinic acid (KAP-25) corrosion inhibitor and an alkenylsuccinimide of urea (SIU) additive. Joint use of these inhibitors gives a synergistic effect in the protective properties, the maximum of which in organic solvents is reached at a 1:1 ratio. A comparison of the proposed wash/preservative fluid with an analogous non-USSR formulation showed that the two fluids have equivalent capabilities for removing organic contaminants from metal surfaces. It is concluded that the developed fluid can be used in the washing and interoperational protection of highprecision parts, or mechanisms with enclosed sections and pairs.
Zhang, Jun
CHAPTER 4CHAPTER 4 PRIVACY PRESERVING DATAPRIVACY PRESERVING DATA MINING University of Kentucky February 2011 Based partly on "Privacy Preserving Data Mining: Challenges & Opportunities" by Ramakrishnan Srikant from Google, Inc, #12;OVERVIEW Basic Concepts What is privacy-preserving data mining Difference
FACET: an object-oriented software framework for modeling complex social behavior patterns
Dolph, J. E.; Christiansen, J. H.; Sydelko, P. J.
The Framework for Addressing Cooperative Extended Transactions (FACET) is a flexible, object-oriented architecture for implementing models of dynamic behavior of multiple individuals, or agents, in a simulation. These agents can be human (individuals or organizations) or animal and may exhibit any type of organized social behavior that can be logically articulated. FACET was developed by Argonne National Laboratory's (ANL) Decision and Information Sciences Division (DIS) out of the need to integrate societal processes into natural system simulations. The FACET architecture includes generic software components that provide the agents with various mechanisms for interaction, such as step sequencing and logic, resource management, conflict resolution, and preemptive event handling. FACET components provide a rich environment within which patterns of behavior can be captured in a highly expressive manner. Interactions among agents in FACET are represented by Course of Action (COA) object-based models. Each COA contains a directed graph of individual actions, which represents any known pattern of social behavior. The agents' behavior in a FACET COA, in turn, influences the natural landscape objects in a simulation (i.e., vegetation, soil, and habitat) by updating their states. The modular design of the FACET architecture provides the flexibility to create multiple and varied simulation scenarios by changing social behavior patterns, without disrupting the natural process models. This paper describes the FACET architecture and presents several examples of FACET models that have been developed to assess the effects of anthropogenic influences on the dynamics of the natural environment.
Nanoscale anatase TiO2 with dominant {1 1 1} facets shows high photocatalytic activity
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Zhang, Jun; Qian, Lisha; Yang, Lingxia; Tao, Xi; Su, Kunpeng; Wang, Hongbo; Xi, Junhua; Ji, Zhenguo
In this work, we report a novel synthesis of nanoscale anatase TiO2 with dominant highly active {1 1 1} facets by a simple one-step hydrothermal route with the assistance of NH4F and HF. In this progress, the exposed crystal facets of TiO2 can been directly tuned by controlling the mole ratio of NH4+ and F-. When the mole ratio of NH4+ and F-reach 1:2, nanoscale anatase TiO2 with dominant {1 1 1} facets can be obtained. Nanoscale anatase TiO2 with exposed {1 0 1} or {0 0 1} facets will be prepared when there is only ammonia or HF added respectively. Such nano-TiO2 with exposed highly active {1 1 1} facets has large specific surface area and shows excellent photocatalytic activity: as much as 2-3 times than that of TiO2 nanosheets with exposed {0 0 1} facets and commercial Degussa P25 which confirms the {1 1 1} facets have higher photocatalytic activity than {0 0 1} and {1 0 1} facets. The higher photocatalytic activity of {1 1 1} facets can be ascribed to the fact that all Ti and O atoms on the surface are unsaturated Ti5c, Ti3c and O2c modes which produces a higher adsorption and degradation ability. The present work demonstrates a explore of hydrothermal synthetic method for controlling preparation of nano-materials.
Intensity Effects of the FACET Beam in the SLAC Linac
Decker, F.-J.; Lipkowitz, N.; Sheppard, J.; White, G.R.; Wienands, U.; Woodley, M.; Yocky, G.; /SLAC
The beam for FACET (Facility for Advanced aCcelerator Experimental Tests) at SLAC requires an energy-time correlation ('chirp') along the linac, so it can be compressed in two chicanes, one at the midpoint in sector 10 and one W-shaped chicane just before the FACET experimental area. The induced correlation has the opposite sign to the typical used for BNS damping, and therefore any orbit variations away from the center kick the tail of the beam more than the head, causing a shear in the beam and emittance growth. Any dispersion created along the linac has similar effects due to the high (>1.2% rms) energy spread necessary for compression. The initial huge emittances could be reduced by a factor of 10, but were still bigger than expected by a factor of 2-3. Normalized emittance of 3 {micro}m-rad in Sector 2 blew up to 150 {micro}m-rad in Sector 11 but could be reduced to about 6-12 {micro}m-rad, for the vertical plane although the results were not very stable. Investigating possible root causes for this, we found locations where up to 10 mm dispersion was created along the linac, which were finally verified with strong steering and up to 7 mm settling of the linac accelerator at these locations.
Anatomical observations of the human acromioclavicular joint.
Emura, Kenji; Arakawa, Takamitsu; Miki, Akinori; Terashima, Toshio
The condition of the acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) is considered to be one factor in the etiology of shoulder impingement syndrome, but there are few supporting morphological data. Fifty-two sides of 35 cadavers were investigated macroscopically and histologically using Safranin O, Fast green, and Weigert's iron hematoxylin staining. The ACJs were classified into three major types depending on the presence or absence of the articular disk. In type 1, the articular disk divided the articular cavity completely (n?=?2; 3.8%). In type 2, the articular disk was incomplete and divided the joint cavity incompletely (n?=?13; 25%). Type 2 was further divided into subtypes 2a and 2b depending on the configurations of the articular facets. In type 3, no articular disk was found in the joint cavity (n?=?37; 71.2%). Type 3 was further divided into subtypes 3a, 3b, and 3c depending on the configurations of the articular surfaces. Fewer than half of the ACJ specimens (22/52 or 42.3%) demonstrated an ellipsoid character in which axial rotation was limited. Histological observation revealed that the upper part of the articular disk of the ACJ comprised fibrocartilage while the lower part comprised dense connective tissue. In cases where the ACJ appears to be an ellipsoid joint, its limited axial rotation restricts posterior tilting of the scapula during arm elevation, which could contribute to shoulder impingement syndrome. PMID:24752963
Preserving and Restoring Furniture Coatings
Mathis, Wayne N.
Preserving and Restoring Furniture Coatings http://www.si to preserve the coating on the object whenever possible. This is not to suggest that coatings are never as possible while assuring stability for, and preservation of the artifact. Preserving finishes and treating
Magnetic resonance imaging of hip joint cartilage and labrum
Zilkens, Christoph; Miese, Falk; Jäger, Marcus; Bittersohl, Bernd; Krauspe, Rüdiger
Hip joint instability and impingement are the most common biomechanical risk factors that put the hip joint at risk to develop premature osteoarthritis. Several surgical procedures like periacetabular osteotomy for hip dysplasia or hip arthroscopy or safe surgical hip dislocation for femoroacetabular impingement aim at restoring the hip anatomy. However, the success of joint preserving surgical procedures is limited by the amount of pre-existing cartilage damage. Biochemically sensitive MRI techniques like delayed Gadolinium Enhanced MRI of Cartilage (dGEMRIC) might help to monitor the effect of surgical or non-surgical procedures in the effort to halt or even reverse joint damage. PMID:22053256
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kelly, Cynthia
The Manhattan Project transformed the course of American and world history, science, politics and society. If we can read about this in books and watch History Channel documentaries, why do we need to preserve some of the properties of this enormous undertaking? The presentation, ``A History Worth Preserving,'' will address why some of the physical properties need to be preserved and which ones we are struggling to maintain for future generations. The story of this effort begins in 1997 as the Department of Energy was posed to demolish the last remaining Manhattan Project properties at the Los Alamos laboratory. Located deep behind security fences, the ``V Site's'' asbestos-shingled wooden buildings looked like humble garages with over-sized wooden doors. The ``V Site'' properties were almost lost twice, first to bulldozers and then the Cerro Grande fire of 2000. Now, visitors can stand inside the building where J. Robert Oppenheimer and his crew once worked and imagine the Trinity ``gadget'' hanging from its hoist shortly before it ushered in the Atomic Age on July 16, 1945. As Richard Rhodes has commented, we preserve what we value of the physical past because it specifically embodies our social past. But many challenge whether the Manhattan Project properties ought to be preserved. Rather than recognize the Manhattan Project as a great achievement worthy of commemoration, some see it as a regrettable event, producing an instrument to take man's inhumanity to man to extremes. While these divergent views will no doubt persist, the significance of the Manhattan Project in producing the world's first atomic bombs is irrefutable. Preserving some of its tangible remains is essential so that future generations can understand what the undertaking entailed from its humble wooden sheds to enormous first-of-a-kind industrial plants with 125,000 people working in secret and living in frontier-like communities. With continuing pressure for their demolition, what progress has been made in preserving some properties of the Manhattan Project? The presentation will share the handful of remaining properties that we believe are needed to tell the story of the Manhattan Project. It will share our successes, what is still at risk, and the on-going struggle to preserve this history.
Growth Rates of the Principal Facets of Ice between -10 C to -40 C
Libbrecht, Kenneth G.
Growth Rates of the Principal Facets of Ice between -10 C to -40 C K G. L 1 Norman Bridge to the Journal of Crystal Growth, with revisions, August 21, 2002] Abstract. We describe measurements of the growth rates of the basal and prism facets of ice crystals grown from the vapor phase at temperatures -39
Testing of the SAIC facets on the stretched-membrane dish
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Grossman, J. W.; Erdman, W. W.; Houser, R. M.; Davenport, R.
A dish structure sized for a 25 kW electric dish/generator system has been installed at the National Solar Thermal Test Facility (NSTTF). The dish is used as an optical test bed for prototype stretched-membrane facets. Sandia procured twelve (12) stretched-membrane facets from Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) for installation on the dish structure. Individual facet optical performance was measured using the 2f test method under development at Sandia. Four facets were tested on-sun using the test truss at the NSTTF prior to installation on the dish structure. During the final stages of the structure assembly, the facets were installed for testing. A distant light source alignment technique was used to align the facets to a 9 meter focal length. The alignment and focus were optimized with on-sun measurements of individual facet characteristics. On-sun flux maps of the image were made using the Beam Characterization System. Calorimetry tests were performed using a cold water calorimeter. This data was used to create a power intercept curve and predict the power inside apertures of different sizes. The focal plane was moved to 9.95 meters and the alignment, optimization, and on-sun tests repeated. This paper presents the results of the testing on the individual facets as well as the results of testing the dish system. The effects of the change in focal length on the optical performance of the dish are shown in the results.
ON THE DrFF,US~VE CAVITATION OF ISOLATED GRAIN BOUNDARY FACETS TN
ON THE DrFF,US~VE CAVITATION OF ISOLATED GRAIN BOUNDARY FACETS TN CREEPING POLYCRYSTALS J. R. RICE-Following concepts introduced by B. F. Dyson (Metal Sci.349 19761,the dilTusive cavitation of grain facets is considered in circumstances for which the cavitated fasts are well separated from one another. In this case
ECO: A Framework for Entity Co-Occurrence Exploration with Faceted Navigation
ECO: A Framework for Entity Co-Occurrence Exploration with Faceted Navigation M.S. Final Project. The primary goal of the ECO project is to develop a scalable framework for extracting and presenting these relationships for exploration using an easily navigable faceted user interface. ECO uses entity co
Faceted Taxonomy-based Information Management Yannis Tzitzikas1,2
Tzitzikas, Yannis
Faceted Taxonomy-based Information Management Yannis Tzitzikas1,2 and Anastasia Analyti2 1) taxonomy-based information sources. Specifically, we discuss (i) the semantic descrip- tion of faceted taxonomies, based on the Compound Term Composition Algebra (CTCA), (ii) the revision of CTCA ex- pressions
Simple Measurement of the Reflectivity of Antireflection-Coated Laser Diode Facets
Hiroo Ukita; Keisuke Mise; Yoshitada Katagiri
A laser diode facet reflectivity measuring method which uses the threshold current ratio of an antireflection coated to an uncoated laser is proposed. The method's measuring characteristics are determined and compared with those of conventional methods. The proposed method is simpler, easier and more accurate than conventional methods, such as the two-facet power ratio method and the spectrum modulation index
Determination of wavelength dependence of the reflectivity at AR coated diode facets
B. Luo; L. Wu; J. Chen; Y. Lu
Wavelength dependence of the reflectivity at an antireflection (AR) coated diode facet has been determined by comparing the spontaneous emission spectra obtained under the same bias condition before and after this facet is AR coated. Reliable measurements can be achieved by proper choice of the bias current
Exploring Local Item Dependence Using a Random-Effects Facet Model
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Wang, Wen-Chung; Wilson, Mark
The random-effects facet model that deals with local item dependence in many-facet contexts is presented. It can be viewed as a special case of the multidimensional random coefficients multinomial logit model (MRCMLM) so that the estimation procedures for the MRCMLM can be directly applied. Simulations were conducted to examine parameter recovery…
Between Facets and Domains: 10 Aspects of the Big Five Colin G. DeYoung
Napp, Nils
Between Facets and Domains: 10 Aspects of the Big Five Colin G. DeYoung Yale University Lena C of 75 facet scales from 2 major Big Five inventories, in the Eugene-Springfield community sample (N 481 distinct (but correlated) aspects within each of the Big Five, representing an intermediate level
Title of dissertation: EVOLUTION OF FACETED CRYSTAL SURFACES: MODELING AND ANALYSIS
Rubloff, Gary W.
ABSTRACT Title of dissertation: EVOLUTION OF FACETED CRYSTAL SURFACES: MODELING AND ANALYSIS Kanna influences. #12;EVOLUTION OF FACETED CRYSTAL SURFACES: MODELING AND ANALYSIS by Kanna Nakamura Dissertation David Levermore Professor John Weeks, Deans Representative #12;c Copyright by Kanna Nakamura 2014 #12
Nitrogen-induced reconstruction and faceting of Re(112{sup Ż}1)
Wang, Hao; Chen, Wenhua; Bartynski, Robert A. [Department of Physics and Astronomy and Laboratory for Surface Modification, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 (United States)] [Department of Physics and Astronomy and Laboratory for Surface Modification, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 (United States); Kaghazchi, Payam; Jacob, Timo [Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, D-89069 Ulm (Germany)] [Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, D-89069 Ulm (Germany)
The surface morphology of Re(112{sup Ż}1), tailored on the nanometer scale by kinetic control of nitrogen, has been investigated using low energy electron diffraction, scanning tunneling microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) in combination with the ab initio atomistic thermodynamics approach. Experiments show that when exposing to NH{sub 3} (>0.5 L) at 300 K followed by annealing in ultra-high vacuum at 700 K or 900 K, the initially planar Re(112{sup Ż}1) surface becomes (2 × 1) reconstructed or partially faceted, respectively. Upon annealing in 100 L NH{sub 3} at 900 K, Re(112{sup Ż}1) becomes fully faceted and covered by N. The fully faceted surface consists of two-sided ridges formed by (134{sup Ż}2) and (314{sup Ż}2) facets. The (2 × 1) reconstruction may serve as a precursor state for faceting of Re(112{sup Ż}1). The DFT calculations provide an atomistic understanding of facet formation in terms of binding sites and energies of N on Re surfaces of the substrate and facets as well as the corresponding surface phase diagram. The N-covered faceted Re(112{sup Ż}1) surfaces are promising nanoscale model catalysts and nanotemplates. Our findings should be of importance for the design and development of Re-based heterogeneous catalysts operating under nitrogen-rich conditions.
X-ray - joint; Arthrography; Arthrogram ... x-ray technologist will help you position the joint to be x-rayed on the table. Once in place, pictures are taken. The joint may be moved into other positions for more ...
Joint Aspiration (Arthrocentesis)
... the joint. It is usually due to a bacterial infection in the joint. Joint aspiration helps to diagnose ... at the time of the test. If a bacterial infection such as septic arthritis is suspected, a culture ...
Joint Instability and Osteoarthritis
Blalock, Darryl; Miller, Andrew; Tilley, Michael; Wang, Jinxi
Joint instability creates a clinical and economic burden in the health care system. Injuries and disorders that directly damage the joint structure or lead to joint instability are highly associated with osteoarthritis (OA). Thus, understanding the physiology of joint stability and the mechanisms of joint instability-induced OA is of clinical significance. The first section of this review discusses the structure and function of major joint tissues, including periarticular muscles, which play a significant role in joint stability. Because the knee, ankle, and shoulder joints demonstrate a high incidence of ligament injury and joint instability, the second section summarizes the mechanisms of ligament injury-associated joint instability of these joints. The final section highlights the recent advances in the understanding of the mechanical and biological mechanisms of joint instability-induced OA. These advances may lead to new opportunities for clinical intervention in the prevention and early treatment of OA. PMID:25741184
Facets of perfectionism in a sample of hypersexual patients.
Reid, Rory C; Cooper, Erin B; Prause, Nicole; Li, Desiree S; Fong, Timothy W
This study investigated the role of perfectionism in a treatment-seeking sample (N = 136) of adult men and women using the Perfectionism Inventory (PI) and the Hypersexual Behavior Inventory (HBI). Several facets of perfectionism were positively correlated with hypersexuality, with the concern over mistakes scale from the PI accounting for most of the predictive variance in patterns of hypersexual behavior measured by the HBI. Items associated with concern over mistakes closely parallel the construct of shame noted in other studies of hypersexual patients. To a lesser degree, the PI scale planfulness also showed a negative relationship with hypersexuality, suggesting tendencies of impulsivity in the current patients. These data reinforce the findings in other studies that patterns of harsh self-criticism and impulsivity seem to strongly influence hypersexual behavior. PMID:23124185
Do Different Facets of Impulsivity Predict Different Types of Aggression?
Derefinko, Karen; DeWall, C. Nathan; Metze, Amanda V.; Walsh, Erin C.; Lynam, Donald R.
The current study examined the relations between impulsivity-related traits (as assessed by the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale) and aggressive behaviors. Results indicated that UPPS-P Lack of Premeditation and Sensation Seeking were important in predicting general violence. In contrast, UPPS-P Urgency was most useful in predicting intimate partner violence. To further explore relations between intimate partner violence and Urgency, a measure of autonomic response to pleasant and aversive stimuli and facets of Neuroticism from the NEO PI-R were used as control variables. Autonomic responsivity was correlated with intimate partner violence at the zero-order level, and predicted significant variance in intimate partner violence in regression equations. However, UPPS-P Urgency was able to account for unique variance in intimate partner violence above and beyond measures of Neuroticism and arousal. Implications regarding the use of a multifaceted conceptualization of impulsivity in the prediction of different types of violent behavior are discussed. PMID:21259270
Giant photoluminescence emission in crystalline faceted Si grains
Faraci, Giuseppe; Pennisi, Agata R.; Alberti, Alessandra; Ruggeri, Rosa; Mannino, Giovanni
Empowering an indirect band-gap material like Si with optical functionalities, firstly light emission, represents a huge advancement constantly pursued in the realization of any integrated photonic device. We report the demonstration of giant photoluminescence (PL) emission by a newly synthesized material consisting of crystalline faceted Si grains (fg-Si), a hundred nanometer in size, assembled in a porous and columnar configuration, without any post processing. A laser beam with wavelength 632.8?nm locally produce such a high temperature, determined on layers of a given thickness by Raman spectra, to induce giant PL radiation emission. The optical gain reaches the highest value ever, 0.14?cm/W, representing an increase of 3 orders of magnitude with respect to comparable data recently obtained in nanocrystals. Giant emission has been obtained from fg-Si deposited either on glass or on flexible, low cost, polymeric substrate opening the possibility to fabricate new devices. PMID:24056300
Examining student rating of teaching effectiveness using FACETS.
Mat Daud, Nuraihan; Abu Kassim, Noor Lide
Students' evaluations of teaching staff can be considered high-stakes, as they are often used to determine promotion, reappointment, and merit pay to academics. Using Facets, the reliability and validity of one student rating questionnaire is analyzed. A total of 13,940 respondents of the Human Science Division of International Islamic University Malaysia were involved in the study. The analysis shows that the student rating questionnaire used was valid and reliable, and it allows identification of staff for the institution's prestigious teaching excellence awards, and those needing in-service training. It was found that there was no significant difference in terms of rank, age and gender of the staff. The study also shows that the majority of staff have problems keeping the class interested and getting students to participate in class activities. Faculty also hardly discussed common errors in assignments and tests. PMID:22089510
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Powell, Larry E.; Miller, Larry E.
The publication contains an outline for use by agriculture teachers in developing a teaching plan for a unit on paints and preservatives. The topics included are (1) recognizing, solving, and preventing paint problems and (2) operating and using power spray painting equipment. Items presented for each topic are: the situation, (intended to inform…
Splenic preservation in children
Robert J. Touloukian
The diagnosis of splenic injury can be made with almost 100% certainty by physical examination and nuclear imaging or computerized axial tomography, eliminating the need for surgical exploration in children who are stable and have no evidence of an associated intra-abdominal injury. The nonoperative approach of treatment has been successful in over 95% of selected cases. Operative splenic preservation methods,
Preservation: Issues and Planning.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Banks, Paul N., Ed.; Pilette, Roberta, Ed.
A reference guide from leading experts in the field, this book covers the repair, maintenance, and preservation of library or archive collections, providing a definitive and authoritative analysis of how to plan for and ensure the long-term health of an institution's collection in this digital age. Chapters include: (1) "Defining the Library…
Measured and predicted root-mean-square errors in square and triangular antenna mesh facets
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Fichter, W. B.
Deflection shapes of square and equilateral triangular facets of two tricot-knit, gold plated molybdenum wire mesh antenna materials were measured and compared, on the basis of root mean square (rms) differences, with deflection shapes predicted by linear membrane theory, for several cases of biaxial mesh tension. The two mesh materials contained approximately 10 and 16 holes per linear inch, measured diagonally with respect to the course and wale directions. The deflection measurement system employed a non-contact eddy current proximity probe and an electromagnetic distance sensing probe in conjunction with a precision optical level. Despite experimental uncertainties, rms differences between measured and predicted deflection shapes suggest the following conclusions: that replacing flat antenna facets with facets conforming to parabolically curved structural members yields smaller rms surface error; that potential accuracy gains are greater for equilateral triangular facets than for square facets; and that linear membrane theory can be a useful tool in the design of tricot knit wire mesh antennas.
Nucleation and Growth During Faceting of the Platinum Covered W(111) Surface
Hannon, J.B.; Kellogg, G.L.; Madey, T.E.; Pelhos, K.
Low energy electron microscopy (LEEM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) have been used to investigate the faceting of W(111) as induced by Pt. The atomically rough W(111) surface, when fully covered with a monolayer film of Pt and annealed to temperatures higher than {approximately}750 K, experiences a significant morphological restructuring: the initially planar surface undergoes a faceting transition and forms three-sided pyramids with {l_brace}211{r_brace} faces. When Pt is dosed onto the heated surface, the transition from planar to faceted structure proceeds through the nucleation and growth of spatially separated faceted regions, as shown by LEEM. STM reveals the atomic structure of the partially faceted surface, with large planar regions, dotted by clusters of pyramids of various sizes.
Quantum cascade lasers with a tilted facet utilizing the inherent polarization purity.
Ahn, Sangil; Ristanic, Daniela; Gansch, Roman; Reininger, Peter; Schwarzer, Clemens; MacFarland, Donald C; Detz, Hermann; Schrenk, Werner; Strasser, Gottfried
We report on quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) with a tilted facet utilizing their polarization property. Contrary to diode lasers, QCLs generate purely TM polarized light due to the intersubband selection rules. This property enables the utilization of reflectivity in terms of only TM polarized light (TM reflectivity). The TM reflectivity is reduced by tilting the front facet, resulting in enhanced light output power from the tilted facet. The peak output power of a QCL with a facet angle of 12° are increased by 31 %. The slope efficiency of a QCL with a facet angle of 17° are increased by 43 %. Additionally, a peculiar property of TM reflectivity, the Brewster angle, is investigated by using COMSOL simulations to find its availability in QCLs. PMID:25401662
Copyright 2000 by the Genetics Society of America Deletion of an Insulator Element by the Mutation facet-strawberry
Schedl, Paul
by the Mutation facet-strawberry in Drosophila melanogaster Julio Vazquez* and Paul Schedl *Department mutation, facet-strawberry (faswb ), suggest that this small deletion disrupts such a boundary element
Scalable similarity search with topology preserving hashing.
Zhang, Lei; Zhang, Yongdong; Gu, Xiaoguang; Tang, Jinhui; Tian, Qi
Hashing-based similarity search techniques is becoming increasingly popular in large data sets. To capture meaningful neighbors, the topology of a data set, which represents the neighborhood relationships between its subregions and the relative proximities between the neighbors of each subregion, e.g., the relative neighborhood ranking of each subregion, should be exploited. However, most existing hashing methods are developed to preserve neighborhood relationships while ignoring the relative neighborhood proximities. Moreover, most hashing methods lack in providing a good result ranking, since there are often lots of results sharing the same Hamming distance to a query. In this paper, we propose a novel hashing method to solve these two issues jointly. The proposed method is referred to as topology preserving hashing (TPH). TPH is distinct from prior works by also preserving the neighborhood ranking. Based on this framework, we present three different TPH methods, including linear unsupervised TPH, semisupervised TPH, and kernelized TPH. Particularly, our unsupervised TPH is capable of mining semantic relationship between unlabeled data without supervised information. Extensive experiments on four large data sets demonstrate the superior performances of the proposed methods over several state-of-the-art unsupervised and semisupervised hashing techniques. PMID:24860034
A Strategic Policy Framework for Creating and Preserving Digital Collections
NSDL National Science Digital Library
Beagrie, Neil.
Neil Beagrie and Daniel Greenstein of the Arts and Humanities Data Service, a program funded by the Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC), UK, have authored this report. The study presents thirteen recommendations in the areas of long-term digital preservation, standards, the policy framework, and future research. Six case studies highlight some of the real-life considerations concerning digital preservation. At a time when content providers and libraries are racing headlong toward digitization of information resources, this study provides critical guidance. The report was updated in July 2001 by Christopher Pressler.
A Systems Biology Approach to Synovial Joint Lubrication in Health, Injury, and Disease
Hui, Alexander Y.; McCarty, William J.; Masuda, Koichi; Firestein, Gary S.; Sah, Robert L.
The synovial joint contains synovial fluid (SF) within a cavity bounded by articular cartilage and synovium. SF is a viscous fluid that has lubrication, metabolic, and regulatory functions within synovial joints. SF contains lubricant molecules, including proteoglycan-4 and hyaluronan. SF is an ultrafiltrate of plasma with secreted contributions from cell populations lining and within the synovial joint space, including chondrocytes and synoviocytes. Maintenance of normal SF lubricant composition and function are important for joint homeostasis. In osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and joint injury, changes in lubricant composition and function accompany alterations in the cytokine and growth factor environment and increased fluid and molecular transport through joint tissues. Thus, understanding the synovial joint lubrication system requires a multi-faceted study of the various parts of the synovial joint and their interactions. Systems biology approaches at multiple scales are being used to describe the molecular, cellular, and tissue components and their interactions that comprise the functioning synovial joint. Analyses of the transcriptome and proteome of SF, cartilage, and synovium suggest that particular molecules and pathways play important roles in joint homeostasis and disease. Such information may be integrated with physicochemical tissue descriptions to construct integrative models of the synovial joint that ultimately may explain maintenance of health, recovery from injury, or development and progression of arthritis. PMID:21826801
Photocatalytic and dye-sensitized solar cell performances of {010}-faceted and [111]-faceted anatase TiO? nanocrystals synthesized from tetratitanate nanoribbons.
Du, Yi-en; Feng, Qi; Chen, Changdong; Tanaka, Yasuhiro; Yang, Xiaojing
The morphology and exposed facet of the anatase-type TiO2 are very important to improve the photocatalytic activity and photovoltaic performance in dye-sensitized solar cells. In this work, we report the synthesis and the photocatalytic and dye-sensitized solar cell performances of anatase-type TiO2 single nanocrystals with exposed {010}- and [111]-facets and with various morphologies by using exfoliated tetratitanate nanoribbons as precursors. The precursor nanoribbons were prepared from the exfoliation of the protonated and, subsequently, tetramethylammonium/H(+) ion-exchanged K2Ti4O9. The colloidal suspension containing the nanoribbons was hydrothermally heated with a microwave-assistance at temperatures from 120 to 190 °C after pH was adjusted to 0.5-14. The dependence of the crystalline phases on temperature and pH indicated that anatase single phase can be obtained at pH 3-13 whereas temperatures higher than 160 °C. The [111]-faceted nanorod-shaped anatase nanocrystals were formed preferentially at pH ? 3, whereas the {010}-faceted anatase nanocrystals with morphologies of rhombic, cuboid, and spindle were preferentially at pH ?5. The morphology observation revealed that the nanoribbons were transformed to anatase nanocrystals mainly by the topotactic structural transformation reaction accompanied by an Ostwald ripening reaction, and pH of the reaction solution took a critical role in the crystal morphology change. At pH ?1, the mixture of anatase, rutile, and brookite were obtained at higher temperature conditions. The photocatalytic activity and photovoltaic performance were enhanced in an order of surface without a specific facet < [111]-faceted surface < {010}-faceted surface. PMID:25158319
Improving Personality Facet Scores with Multidimensional Computer Adaptive Testing: An Illustration with the Neo Pi-R
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Makransky, Guido; Mortensen, Erik Lykke; Glas, Cees A. W.
Narrowly defined personality facet scores are commonly reported and used for making decisions in clinical and organizational settings. Although these facets are typically related, scoring is usually carried out for a single facet at a time. This method can be ineffective and time consuming when personality tests contain many highly correlated…
Obtaining Content Weights for Test Specifications from Job Analysis Task Surveys: An Application of the Many-Facets Rasch Model
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Wang, Ning; Stahl, John
This article discusses the use of the Many-Facets Rasch Model, via the FACETS computer program (Linacre, 2006a), to scale job/practice analysis survey data as well as to combine multiple rating scales into single composite weights representing the tasks' relative importance. Results from the Many-Facets Rasch Model are compared with those…
The Signal: Digital Preservation
NSDL National Science Digital Library
Librarians, information technology specialists, and others will find much to enjoy on this excellent collaborative blog created by the Library of Congress. Called "The Signal," it covers "exciting new developments that have an impact on digital preservation and access." There are 12 experts who contribute posts to the blog on a regular basis and there are well over 400 posts to browse through here. First-time visitors can look through the Categories area, which collects posts into themes such as Digital Content, Outreach and Events, and Tools and Infrastructure. Recent posts include "Hardware Matters," "What Do Researchers Want From Institutions that Preserve Digital Content?" and "Reality Check: What Most People Actually Do with Their Personal Digital Archives." Users are also encouraged to add their own comments and thoughts on each post or suggest materials for possible coverage by the site. [KMG
What Are Tooth Preservation Kits?
... Aid: What to Do Pregnant? What to Expect Sports: Keeping Kids Safe Concussions: What to Know What Are Tooth Preservation Kits? KidsHealth > Parents > Sports Medicine Center > Q&As > What Are Tooth Preservation ...
Preserving Professional Relationships ADMINISTRATIVE POLICY
Rainforth, Emma C.
of inappropriate relationships or behaviors that may lead to complaints of sex discrimination, perceptionPreserving Professional Relationships ADMINISTRATIVE POLICY Section: 600 Section Title: Administrative Policy Name: Preserving Professional Relationships Policy Number: 633 Approval Authority
Steganography Preserving Statistical Properties
Elke Franz
Steganographic modifications must not noticeably change characteristics of the cover data known to an attacker. However, it\\u000a is a difficult task to define an appropriate set of features that should be preserved. This article investigates possibilities\\u000a to maintain statistical properties while embedding information. As an example, the simple embedding function "overwriting\\u000a the least significant bits" is discussed, w.r.t. greyscale images
Enterocins in food preservation.
Khan, Haider; Flint, Steve; Yu, Pak-Lam
The Enterococcus genus, a member of the Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) is found in various environments, but more particularly in the intestines of humans and other animals. Although sometimes associated with pathogenicity these bacteria have many benefits. They have been found in traditional artisanal fermented products, are used as probiotic cultures and nowadays extensively studied for the production of bacteriocins--the enterocins. Many of these enterocins have been found to be active against Listeria monocytogenes, and a few have also been reported to be active even against Gram negative bacteria, an unusual property for the bacteriocins produced by LAB. These properties have resulted in many studies describing the use of enterocins as preservatives in foods of animal and vegetable origin. This review covers the most recent information on the use of enterocins as food preservatives, either produced in-situ by the addition of enterocin producing strains or as external preservatives in the form of purified or semi-purified extracts, to prevent the growth of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms. PMID:20399522
The joint intersection probability
Y. H. Hatzor; A. Feintuch
In this paper a practical method to apply block theory is presented. Block theory provides the removable joint pyramids from a given free surface regardless of the number of joints in any joint intersection. While robust, the application of the theory in real practice is hampered by the large outcome space of possibly removable joint pyramids consisting of k mutually
FOOD PRESERVATION SERIES RECOMMENDED VARIETIES hOW TO STORE QUICK AND EASY SERVING TIPS Peaches for preserves. yield Freestones approximately 15 percent from pits and skins. FOOD SAFETY TIPS 1 pound 3, 25 to 30 minutes. Serve warm. how to preserve FREEZING PEACHES To loosen the skins, submerge peaches
Facility for Advanced Accelerator Experimental Tests at SLAC (FACET) Conceptual Design Report
Amann, J.; Bane, K.; /SLAC
This Conceptual Design Report (CDR) describes the design of FACET. It will be updated to stay current with the developing design of the facility. This CDR begins as the baseline conceptual design and will evolve into an 'as-built' manual for the completed facility. The Executive Summary, Chapter 1, gives an introduction to the FACET project and describes the salient features of its design. Chapter 2 gives an overview of FACET. It describes the general parameters of the machine and the basic approaches to implementation. The FACET project does not include the implementation of specific scientific experiments either for plasma wake-field acceleration for other applications. Nonetheless, enough work has been done to define potential experiments to assure that the facility can meet the requirements of the experimental community. Chapter 3, Scientific Case, describes the planned plasma wakefield and other experiments. Chapter 4, Technical Description of FACET, describes the parameters and design of all technical systems of FACET. FACET uses the first two thirds of the existing SLAC linac to accelerate the beam to about 20GeV, and compress it with the aid of two chicanes, located in Sector 10 and Sector 20. The Sector 20 area will include a focusing system, the generic experimental area and the beam dump. Chapter 5, Management of Scientific Program, describes the management of the scientific program at FACET. Chapter 6, Environment, Safety and Health and Quality Assurance, describes the existing programs at SLAC and their application to the FACET project. It includes a preliminary analysis of safety hazards and the planned mitigation. Chapter 7, Work Breakdown Structure, describes the structure used for developing the cost estimates, which will also be used to manage the project. The chapter defines the scope of work of each element down to level 3.
Anisotropic surface melting in lyotropic cubic crystals: part 2: facet-by-facet melting at Ia3d/vapor interfaces.
Leroy, S; Grenier, J; Rohe, D; Even, C; Pieranski, P
From experiments with metal crystals, in the vicinity of their crystal/liquid/vapor triple points, it is known that melting of crystals starts on their surfaces and is anisotropic. Recently, we have shown that anisotropic surface melting occurs also in lyotropic systems. In our previous paper (Eur. Phys. J. E 19, 223 (2006)), we have focused on the case of poor faceting at the Pn3m/L1 interface in C12EO2/water binary mixtures. There anisotropic melting occurs in the vicinity of a Pn3m/L3/L1 triple point. In the present paper, we focus on the opposite case of a rich devil's-staircase-type faceting at Ia3d/vapor interfaces in monoolein/water and phytantriol/water mixtures. We show that anisotropic surface melting takes place in these systems in a narrow humidity range close to the Ia3d-L2 transition. As whole (hkl) sets of facets disappear one after another when the transition is approached, surface melting occurs in a facet-by-facet type. PMID:16733635
Peroneal spastic flatfoot in adolescents with accessory talar facet impingement: a preliminary report.
Niki, Hisateru; Aoki, Haruhito; Hirano, Takaaki; Akiyama, Yui; Fujiya, Hiroto
This study analyzed imaging, arthroscopic findings, and treatment responses for peroneal spastic flatfoot (PSFF) caused by talocalcaneal impingement at the accessory anterolateral talar facet (AALTF) (accessory talar facet impingement) in 13 adolescents without histories of trauma and tarsal coalition. The AALTF was determined with computed tomography and MRI. Focal abutting bone marrow edema (FABME) on MRI around the AALTF was confirmed. In seven patients who underwent AALTF resection, subtalar arthroscopy was performed. All experienced alleviation PSFF after treatment; reduction in FABME was observed. AALTF resection alone is beneficial for PSFF caused by accessory talar facet impingement when peroneal spasms are restored by an injection of local anesthesia. PMID:25856276
Synthesis of trapezohedral indium oxide nanoparticles with high-index {211} facets and high gas sensing activity.
Han, Xiguang; Han, Xiao; Sun, Linqiang; Gao, Shengguang; Li, Liang; Kuang, Qin; Xie, Zhaoxiong; Wang, Chao
Nanocrystals with high-index facets usually exhibit higher catalytic activities than those with only low-index facets. Trapezohedron-shaped (TS) In2O3 particles with exposed high-index {211} facets were successfully synthesized in an oleic acid (OA) and trioctylamine (TOA) system. It has been demonstrated that the gas sensing activity of TS In2O3 particles with exposed high-index {211} facets is higher than that of octahedron-shaped In2O3 particles with exposed low-index {111} facets. PMID:25930122
Workflow in interventional radiology: nerve blocks and facet blocks
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Siddoway, Donald; Ingeholm, Mary Lou; Burgert, Oliver; Neumuth, Thomas; Watson, Vance; Cleary, Kevin
Workflow analysis has the potential to dramatically improve the efficiency and clinical outcomes of medical procedures. In this study, we recorded the workflow for nerve block and facet block procedures in the interventional radiology suite at Georgetown University Hospital in Washington, DC, USA. We employed a custom client/server software architecture developed by the Innovation Center for Computer Assisted Surgery (ICCAS) at the University of Leipzig, Germany. This software runs in an internet browser, and allows the user to record the actions taken by the physician during a procedure. The data recorded during the procedure is stored as an XML document, which can then be further processed. We have successfully gathered data on a number if cases using a tablet PC, and these preliminary results show the feasibility of using this software in an interventional radiology setting. We are currently accruing additional cases and when more data has been collected we will analyze the workflow of these procedures to look for inefficiencies and potential improvements.
Design of a solar concentrator with hexagonal facets
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Herrera Vázquez, Joel; Vázquez y Montiel, Sergio
In this work we present the optical design of a solar concentrator for an High-Flux solar furnace of a solar laboratory, these concentrator is compound for an aspheric mirror surface sectioned in 121 hexagonal facets to simplify the construction process, its total diameter is 6.6 m and a focal length is 3.68 m, also was developed the corresponding algorithm to determine the correct position and orientation of each hexagonal section that compound the arrangement. We present the results of the focused energy of this configuration and we propose a modification on the original position of the mirrors for optimizing the focusing of energy by the sun furnace. These modifications produces an increment on the energy focused on a small area in a remarkable way similar to used a parabolic mirror. The algorithm before mentioned was programmed in MathCAD and it calculates the modification of the original position of each hexagonal mirror giving us a file that ZEMAX can read. This file contains the information of each 121 mirrors from the arrangement and also the correct form, position and direction, simplifying the traditional input process one by one.
Glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase--the multi-facets enzyme.
Milewski, S?awomir
L-Glutamine: D-fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase, known under trivial name of glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase, as the only member of the amidotransferase subfamily of enzymes, does not display any ammonia-dependent activity. This enzyme, catalysing the first committed step in a pathway leading to the eventual formation of uridine 5'-diphospho-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), is an important point of metabolic control in biosynthesis of amino sugar-containing macromolecules. The molecular mechanism of reaction catalysed by GlcN-6-P synthase is complex and involves both amino transfer and sugar isomerisation. Substantial alterations to the enzyme structure and properties have been detected in different neoplastic tissues. GlcN-6-P synthase is inflicted in phenomenon of hexosamine-induced insulin resistance in diabetes. Finally, this enzyme has been proposed as a promising target in antifungal chemotherapy. Most of these issues, especially their molecular aspects, have been extensively studied in recent years. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the present knowledge on this multi-facets enzyme. PMID:12044898
Aftermath of the Death of the St. Louis Globe-Democrat: Are Failing Newspapers Still Worth Preserving?
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Sanders, Craig
This paper contends that the failure of the St. Louis "Globe-Democrat" raises questions not only about whether the United States Justice Department's Antitrust Division should have worked harder to keep the St. Louis joint operating agreement (JOA) alive, but also about the efficacy of the Newspaper Preservation Act in preserving editorial rivalry…
Effects of CeO2 Support Facets on VOx/CeO2 Catalysts in Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Methanol
Li, Yan; Wei, Zhehao; Gao, Feng; Kovarik, Libor; Peden, Charles HF; Wang, Yong
CeO2 supports with dominating facets, i.e., low index (100), (110) and (111) facets, are prepared. The facet effects on the structure and catalytic performance of supported vanadium oxide catalysts are investigated using oxidative dehydrogenation of methanol as a model reaction. In the presence of mixed facets, Infrared and Raman characterizations demonstrate that surface vanadia species preferentially deposit on CeO2 (100) facets, presumably because of its higher surface energy. At the same surface vanadium densities, VOx species on (100) facets show better dispersion, followed by (110) and (111) facets. The VOx species on CeO2 nanorods with (110) and (100) facets display higher activity and lower apparent activation energies compared to that on CeO2 nanopolyhedras with dominating (111) facets and CeO2 nanocubes with dominating (100) facets. The higher activity for VOx/CeO2(110) might be related to the more abundant oxygen vacancies present on the (110) facets, evidenced from Raman spectroscopic measurements.
Preserving the Manhattan Project
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kelly, Cynthia
When future generations look back on the 20th century, few events will rival the harnessing of nuclear energy as a turning point in world history, science and society. Yet, the Department of Energy has not always embraced its Manhattan Project origins. The presentation will focus on the progress made over the last 20 years to preserve the properties and first-hand accounts that for decades have been threatened with demolition and indifference. Since the mid-1950s, most remaining Manhattan Project properties at the Los Alamos National Laboratory had been abandoned. Among them was a cluster of wooden buildings called the ``V Site.'' This is where scientists assembled the ``Gadget,'' the world's first atomic device tested on July 16, 1945. Regardless of its significance, the ``V Site'' buildings like all the rest were slated for demolition. The Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP) toured the properties in November 1998. Most could not believe that the world's first atomic bomb was designed in such humble structures. The properties were declared to be ``monumental in their lack of monumentality.'' A Save America's Treasures grant for 700,000 was awarded to restore the properties. To raise the required matching funds, I left the Federal government and soon founded the Atomic Heritage Foundation. The presentation will trace the progress made over the last decade to generate interest and support nationwide to preserve the Manhattan Project heritage. Saving both the physical properties and first-hand accounts of the men and women have been a priority. Perhaps our most significant achievement may be legislation now under consideration by Congress to create a Manhattan Project National Historical Park. Seventy years later, the Manhattan Project is finally getting the recognition it deserves.
Fabrication of lithographically defined optical coupling facets for silicon-on-insulator waveguides by inductively coupled plasma etching
Yap, K.P.; Lamontagne, B.; Delage, A.; Janz, S.; Bogdanov, A.; Picard, M.; Post, E.; Chow-Chong, P.; Malloy, M.; Roth, D.; Marshall, P.; Liu, K.Y.; Syrett, B. [Department of Electronics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6 (Canada); Institute for Microstructural Sciences, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6 (Canada); Department of Electronics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario KIS 5B6 (Canada)
We present a technique to lithographically define and fabricate all required optical facets on a silicon-on-insulator photonic integrated circuit by an inductively coupled plasma etch process. This technique offers 1 {mu}m positioning accuracy of the facets at any location within the chip and eliminates the need of polishing. Facet fabrication consists of two separate steps to ensure sidewall verticality and minimize attack on the end surfaces of the waveguides. Protection of the waveguides by a thermally evaporated aluminum layer before the 40-70 {mu}m deep optical facet etching has been proven essential in assuring the facet smoothness and integrity. Both scanning electron microscopy analysis and optical measurement results show that the quality of the facets prepared by this technique is comparable to the conventional facets prepared by polishing.
A facet approach to extending the normative component of the theory of reasoned action.
Donald, I; Cooper, S R
Using facet theory, this study addresses the weak explanatory power of normative influence in theories of reasoned action or planned behaviour. A broad normative construct is hypothesized as being characterized by two facets--social unit and behavioural modality--each of which is examined in relation to recreational drug use. A questionnaire was developed from the facets and administered to undergraduate students. Data (N = 181) were analysed using Smallest Space Analysis (SSA). The results suggest that the facets provide an adequate description of the normative construct and that personal and social normative beliefs, behavioural norms and behavioural intentions can be distinguished empirically. The results also lend partial support to Ajzen's (1988; Ajzen & Fishbein, 1977) principle of compatibility. Implications for how social influence is operationalized and conceptualized are also discussed. PMID:11795070
Erosion Triangular Facets as Markers of Order in an Open Dissipative System
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Paliaga, Guido
The complexity and non-linearity of the morphogenetic system which is responsible for shaping the Earth's surface have been widely recognised by many authors who have documented the fractal nature of erosion. In this paper, two peculiar kinds of landforms are compared to point out ordered structures, i.e. triangular facets that arise in different geomorphic systems, due to the principle of morphologic convergence. Occurrence of triangular facets has been documented in mountainous areas in relation to base level changes and hydrographical network evolution; similarly shaped landforms are present even in recent tectonic uplift areas along faults. The spatial distribution of the two kinds of facets has been investigated in two river basins located in Liguria (northern Italy) and in a mountainous area in Oman. The results of this analysis document the different spatial features of the two kinds of facets.
Organizational culture, creative behavior, and information and communication technology (ICT) usage: a facet analysis.
Carmeli, Abraham; Sternberg, Akiva; Elizur, D
Despite the prominence of organizational culture (OC), this concept is controversial and its structure has yet to be systematically analyzed. This study develops a three-pronged formal definitional framework on the basis of facet theory (FT) and explores behavior modality, referent, and object. This facet analysis (FA) of OC accounts successfully for variation in both creative behavior at work and the usage of information and communication technologies (ICTs). An analysis of data collected from 230 employees in the financial industry indicates that a radex structure was obtained for work and ICT. The behavior modality facet ordered the space from center to periphery, and referents facet relates to the direction angles away from the origin. PMID:18422410
Facet-Specific Assembly of Proteins on SrTiO3 Polyhedral Nanocrystals
Dong, Lingqing; Luo, Qi; Cheng, Kui; Shi, Hui; Wang, Qi; Weng, Wenjian; Han, Wei-Qiang
Precisely controlling the protein-nanomaterial interactions at selective sites is crucial in engineering biomolecule composite architectures with tailored nanostructures and functions for a variety of biomedical applications. This strategy, however, is only beginning to be explored. Here, we demonstrate the facet-specific assembly of proteins, such as albumin, immunoglobulin and protamine, on {100} facets of SrTiO3 polyhedral nanocrystals, while none on {110} facets. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate the immobile surface hydration layer might play a barrier role to effectively prevent proteins adsorption on specific {110} facets. This work thus provides new insights into the fundamentally understanding of protein-nanomaterial interactions, and open a novel, general and facile route to control the selective adsorption of various proteins on various nanocrystals. PMID:24866740
Facet-dependent electrochemical properties of Co3O4 nanocrystals toward heavy metal ions
Yu, Xin-Yao; Meng, Qiang-Qiang; Luo, Tao; Jia, Yong; Sun, Bai; Li, Qun-Xiang; Liu, Jin-Huai; Huang, Xing-Jiu
We revealed an interesting facet-dependent electrochemical behavior toward heavy metal ions (HMIs) based on their adsorption behaviors. The (111) facet of Co3O4 nanoplates has better electrochemical sensing performance than that of the (001) facet of Co3O4 nanocubes. Adsorption measurements and density-functional theory (DFT) calculations reveals that adsorption of HMIs is responsible for the difference of electrochemical properties. Our combined experimental and theoretical studies provide a solid hint to explain the mechanism of electrochemical detection of HMIs using nanoscale metal oxides. Furthermore, this study not only suggests a promising new strategy for designing high performance electrochemical sensing interface through the selective synthesis of nanoscale materials exposed with different well-defined facets, but also provides a deep understanding for a more sensitive and selective electroanalysis at nanomaterials modified electrodes. PMID:24097175
Facets of emotional awareness and associations with emotion regulation and depression.
Boden, Matthew Tyler; Thompson, Renee J
Emotion theories posit that effective emotion regulation depends upon the nuanced information provided by emotional awareness; attending to and understanding one's own emotions. Additionally, the strong associations between facets of emotional awareness and various forms of psychopathology may be partially attributable to associations with emotion regulation. These logically compelling hypotheses are largely uninvestigated, including which facets compose emotional awareness and how they relate to emotion regulation strategies and psychopathology. We used exploratory structural equation modeling of individual difference measures among a large adult sample (n = 919) recruited online. Results distinguished 4 facets of emotional awareness (type clarity, source clarity, involuntary attention to emotion, and voluntary attention to emotion) that were differentially associated with expressive suppression, acceptance of emotions, and cognitive reappraisal. Facets were associated with depression both directly and indirectly via associations with emotion regulation strategies. We discuss implications for theory and research on emotional awareness, emotion regulation, and psychopathology. (PsycINFO Database Record PMID:25706832
Fertility preservation in women.
Donnez, Jacques; Dolmans, Marie-Madeleine
In women, ?10% of cancers occur in those <45 years old. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy and bone marrow transplantation can cure >90% of girls and young women with diseases that require such treatments. However, these treatments can result in premature ovarian failure, depending on the follicular reserve, the age of the patient and the type and dose of drugs used. This article discusses the different fertility preservation strategies: medical therapy before chemotherapy; ovarian transposition; embryo cryopreservation; oocyte vitrification; and ovarian tissue cryopreservation. The indications, results and risks of these options are discussed. Whether medical therapy should be used to protect the gonads during chemotherapy remains a source of debate. Fertility preservation needs to be completed before chemotherapy and/or irradiation is started and might take 2-3 weeks with established techniques such as embryo or oocyte cryopreservation. Further studies are needed in patients with cancer to confirm the excellent outcomes obtained in patients without cancer or in egg donation programmes. For prepubertal girls or cases where immediate therapy is required, cryopreservation of ovarian tissue is the only available option. Finally, possible future approaches are reviewed, including in vitro maturation of nonantral follicles, the artificial ovary, oogonial stem cells and drugs to prevent follicle loss. PMID:24166000
Noncardioplegic Myocardial Preservation
Davis, Zev; Hoeksema, Tammo D.; Guillory, Joel R.; Chen, Aloysius J.; Garibaldi, Abel A.; Eisenberg, Brenda R.
Despite the widespread use of K + cardioplegia, the optimal method of intraoperative myocardial preservation remains controversial. Since 1975, in more than 3,500 patients who have undergone myocardial revascularization at our institutions, intraoperative protection has been provided by a technique of cold-blood perfusion without K + cardioplegia. This report describes our technique, analyzes quantitative ultrastructural changes in four patients before and after bypass to assess cellular damage, and details the clinical and angiographic findings in a subgroup of 157 patients followed postoperatively for up to 6 years. In 100 patients in whom multiple vessels were bypassed, vessels were patent on restudy, thereby excluding technical failure as a cause of impaired left ventricular function. Postoperatively, global left ventricular function was unchanged in 80% and improved in 19%, as compared with preoperative function. Left ventricular function deteriorated in only one patient. We conclude that intraoperative oxygenation by cold-blood perfusion is a successful method of myocardial preservation. (Texas Heart Institute Journal 1987; 14:39-46) Images PMID:15227328
Plasma Wakefield Acceleration and FACET - Facilities for Accelerator Science and Experimental Test Beams at SLAC
Andrei Seryi
Plasma wakefield acceleration is one of the most promising approaches to advancing accelerator technology. This approach offers a potential 1,000-fold or more increase in acceleration over a given distance, compared to existing accelerators. FACET, enabled by the Recovery Act funds, will study plasma acceleration, using short, intense pulses of electrons and positrons. In this lecture, the physics of plasma acceleration and features of FACET will be presented.
Faceting during GaAs quantum dot self-assembly by droplet epitaxy
Heyn, Ch.; Stemmann, A.; Schramm, A.; Welsch, H.; Hansen, W.; Nemcsics, A. [Institut fuer Angewandte Physik und Zentrum fuer Mikrostrukturforschung, Jungiusstrasse 11, D-20355 Hamburg (Germany); Research Institute for Technical Physics and Materials Science, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest (Hungary)
Strain-free GaAs quantum dots (QDs) are grown in a self-assembled fashion by applying Ga droplet epitaxy. The QDs are studied using electron diffraction and atomic force microscopy. Two distinct regimes are observed for the QD shape. QDs whose volume exceeds approximately 3x10{sup 5} Ga atoms are shaped like truncated pyramids with side facets having an angle of about 55 deg. . Smaller QDs are pyramidlike with 25 deg. facets.
Plasma Wakefield Acceleration and FACET - Facilities for Accelerator Science and Experimental Test Beams at SLAC
Andrei Seryi
Plasma wakefield acceleration is one of the most promising approaches to advancing accelerator technology. This approach offers a potential 1,000-fold or more increase in acceleration over a given distance, compared to existing accelerators. FACET, enabled by the Recovery Act funds, will study plasma acceleration, using short, intense pulses of electrons and positrons. In this lecture, the physics of plasma acceleration and features of FACET will be presented.
Controlled InAs quantum dot nucleation on faceted nanopatterned pyramids
P. S. Wong; G. Balakrishnan; N. Nuntawong; J. Tatebayashi; D. L. Huffaker
The selective quantum dot (QD) nucleation on nanofaceted GaAs pyramidal facets is explored. The GaAs pyramids, formed on a SiO2 masked (001) GaAs substrate, are characterized by well-defined equilibrium crystal shapes (ECSs) defined by three crystal plane families including {11n}, {10n}, and (001). Subsequent patterned QD (PQD) nucleation on the GaAs pyramidal facets is highly preferential towards the (11n) planes
Helium-atom scattering investigation of facetting of the Al stepped (332) surface
B. J. Hinch; A. Lock; H. H. Madden; J. P. Toennies; G. Witte
Helium-atom scattering has been used to study the facetting of an aluminum crystal that was cut at an angle of 10.0° from the (111) face to produce a (332) periodically stepped surface. After initial surface preparation of repeated sputtering and annealing cycles, the diffraction peak structures indicated strong facetting. Data collected for a wide range of initial He-atom wave vectors
Edge-Graph Diameter Bounds for Convex Polytopes with Few Facets
David Bremner; Lars Schewe
We show that the edge graph of a 6-dimensional polytope with 12 facets has diameter at most 6, thus verifying the d-step conjecture of Klee and Walkup in the case of d=6. This implies that for all pairs (d,n) with n-d \\\\leq 6 the diameter of the edge graph of a d-polytope with n facets is bounded by 6, which
Are different facets of plant diversity well protected against climate and land cover changes? A test study in the French Alps
Thuiller, Wilfried; Guéguen, Maya; Georges, Damien; Bonet, Richard; Chalmandrier, Loďc; Garraud, Luc; Renaud, Julien; Roquet, Cristina; Van Es, Jérémie; Zimmermann, Niklaus E.; Lavergne, Sébastien
Climate and land cover changes are important drivers of the plant species distributions and diversity patterns in mountainous regions. Although the need for a multifaceted view of diversity based on taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic dimensions is now commonly recognized, there are no complete risk assessments concerning their expected changes. In this paper, we used a range of species distribution models in an ensemble-forecasting framework together with regional climate and land cover projections by 2080 to analyze the potential threat for more than 2,500 plant species at high resolution (2.5 km × 2.5 km) in the French Alps. We also decomposed taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity facets into ? and ? components and analyzed their expected changes by 2080. Overall, plant species threats from climate and land cover changes in the French Alps were expected to vary depending on the species' preferred altitudinal vegetation zone, rarity, and conservation status. Indeed, rare species and species of conservation concern were the ones projected to experience less severe change, and also the ones being the most efficiently preserved by the current network of protected areas. Conversely, the three facets of plant diversity were also projected to experience drastic spatial re-shuffling by 2080. In general, the mean ?-diversity of the three facets was projected to increase to the detriment of regional ?-diversity, although the latter was projected to remain high at the montane-alpine transition zones. Our results show that, due to a high-altitude distribution, the current protection network is efficient for rare species, and species predicted to migrate upward. Although our modeling framework may not capture all possible mechanisms of species range shifts, our work illustrates that a comprehensive risk assessment on an entire floristic region combined with functional and phylogenetic information can help delimitate future scenarios of biodiversity and better design its protection. PMID:25722539
Influence of diode facet reflectivity on the dynamics of actively mode-locked semiconductor lasers
Garside, B.K.; Kempf, P.
The majority of models developed to describe the actively mode-locked operation of diode lasers have been generated for diodes having one antireflection coated facet. The basic starting point of such models is the assumption that the residual facet reflectivity can be ignored. In the present paper, we employ a model developed specifically to deal with mode-locked operation for diodes with a significant facet reflectivity. Experimental observation of mode-locked operation for different facet reflectivities shows that the model provides a good description of this mode of operation. It is to be emphasized that the comparison between model predictions and experimental observations is basically exact; no fitting parameters are used, and the significant diode parameters are independently measured. This model, thus validated, used to explore how low the residual facet reflectivity needs to be treated as negligible. It is shown that, even for very low values, this facet relectivity has a strong influence on the dynamical behavior of the mode-locked diode laser.
Facet Model and Mathematical Morphology for Surface Characterization
Abidi, B.R.; Goddard, J.S.; Hunt, M.A.; Sari-Sarraf, H.
This paper describes an algorithm for the automatic segmentation and representation of surface structures and non-uniformities in an industrial setting. The automatic image processing and analysis algorithm is developed as part of a complete on-line web characterization system of a papermaking process at the wet end. The goal is to: (1) link certain types of structures on the surface of the web to known machine parameter values, and (2) find the connection between detected structures at the beginning of the line and defects seen on the final product. Images of the pulp mixture (slurry), carried by a fast moving table, are obtained using a stroboscopic light and a CCD camera. This characterization algorithm succeeded where conventional contrast and edge detection techniques failed due to a poorly controlled environment. The images obtained have poor contrast and contain noise caused by a variety of sources. After a number of enhancement steps, conventional segmentation methods still f ailed to detect any structures and are consequently discarded. Techniques tried include the Canny edge detector, the Sobel, Roberts, and Prewitt's filters, as well as zero crossings. The facet model algorithm, is then applied to the images with various parameter settings and is found to be successful in detecting the various topographic characteristics of the surface of the slurry. Pertinent topographic elements are retained and a filtered image computed. Carefully tailored morphological operators are then applied to detect and segment regions of interest. Those regions are then selected according to their size, elongation, and orientation. Their bounding rectangles are computed and represented. Also addressed in this paper are aspects of the real time implementation of this algorithm for on-line use. The algorithm is tested on over 500 images of slurry and is found to segment and characterize nonuniformities on all 500 images.
Arch & Chord Joint Detail; Crossbracing Center Joint Detail; Chord, ...
Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey
Arch & Chord Joint Detail; Crossbracing Center Joint Detail; Chord, Panel Post, Tie & Diagonal Brace Joint Detail; Chord, Panel Post, Tie & Crossbracing Joint Detail - Dunlapsville Covered Bridge, Spanning East Fork Whitewater River, Dunlapsville, Union County, IN
Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) connects your jaw to the side of your head. When it works well, it enables you to ... For people with TMJ dysfunction, problems with the joint and muscles around it may cause Pain that ...
Advances in corneal preservation.
Lindstrom, R L
The functional status of the endothelium and sustained corneal deturgescence after corneal preservation are of great clinical importance and have been primary goals in the development of corneal storage media. In our investigational studies we have specifically addressed the improvement of the quality of donor tissue after 4 degrees C storage, the extension of corneal preservation time, the enhancement of corneal wound healing, and the reduction of the normal progressive loss of endothelial cells postkeratoplasty. Specifically we have developed in vitro HCE cell and epithelial cell culture models that can accurately reflect the response of human corneal tissue in vivo. These models have been utilized to study the effects of growth factors and medium components in relation to their biocompatibility and efficacy in the development of improved corneal preservation solutions. Our laboratory investigated in vitro conditions that allowed human corneal endothelium to shift from a nonproliferative state, in which they remain viable and metabolically active, to a proliferative, mitotically active state. Isolation techniques developed in our laboratory have enabled the establishment of primary and subsequent subcultures of human corneal endothelium that retain the attributes of native endothelium. These in vitro conditions maintain HCE cells in a proliferative state, actively undergoing mitosis. A quantitative bioassay has been developed to determine the effects of various test medium in the stimulation or inhibition of DNA synthesis. In attempting to learn more about the events that occur during in vitro endothelial cell isolation, cell reattachment, extracellular matrix interaction and migrating during subculture, SEM was done on isolated HCE cells incubated in CSM. These studies suggest that the components of the extracellular matrix modulate the growth response of HCE cells, and play a role in regulating proliferation and migration. These observations are important in view of the fact that anterior chamber environment limits cell regeneration of the endothelium, and supports wound healing via cell migration. In vivo, it is the complex interaction of the HCE cell and the extracellular matrix that signal the cell to respond to cell loss in this manner. As our knowledge of human corneal endothelium has increased so has our anticipation of developing the "optimum" medium. Thus additional components have been added to this basic medium to address specific complications encountered with 4 degrees C corneal preservation. Antioxidants, additional energy sources, and other nutritive substrates have been used to supplement and further define a chondroitin sulfate-based medium. These changes have been a part of our new awareness that, even at 4 degrees C, the cornea is metabolically active.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) Images FIGURE 5 FIGURE 6 FIGURE 7 FIGURE 8 FIGURE 9 A FIGURE 9 B FIGURE 9 C FIGURE 9 D FIGURE 9 E FIGURE 11 FIGURE 12 A FIGURE 12 B FIGURE 12 C FIGURE 12 D FIGURE 12 E FIGURE 12 F FIGURE 13 FIGURE 17 FIGURE 18 A FIGURE 18 B FIGURE 18 C FIGURE 18 D FIGURE 20 FIGURE 23 A FIGURE 23 B FIGURE 24 A FIGURE 24 B FIGURE 24 C FIGURE 24 D FIGURE 24 E FIGURE 28 FIGURE 29 FIGURE 33 A FIGURE 33 B PMID:1710084
Armitage, W. John
Summary The successful outcome of the majority of corneal transplants depends on the presence of a viable corneal endothelium. This monolayer of cells lines the inner surface of the cornea and its primary function is to maintain corneal transparency by controlling the hydration of the collagenous stromal layer. Since human corneal endothelial cells do not readily proliferate, preservation of the endothelium is a primary aim of methods of corneal storage. Although some cryopreserved corneas have been transplanted successfully, the complexity of the cryopreservation technique and its potential for causing endothelial damage have limited its application. Hypothermia (2–8 °C) is the most commonly applied method of storage, which allows storage for 7–14 days. Organ culture (28–37 °C), which extends storage time to 4 weeks, is used widely in European eye banks. Graft outcomes for corneas stored by these two techniques appear similar. PMID:21566714
Sacroiliac joint pain - aftercare
The sacroiliac joint (SIJ) is a term used to describe the place where the sacrum and the iliac bones join. The ... The main purpose of the joint is to connect the spine and the pelvis. As a result, there is very little movement at the sacroiliac joint. Listed ...
Preservation Is Knowledge: A community-driven preservation approach
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
. Keywords Digital Curation; Preservation Repository; Web Legal Deposit; Digital Archives. 1. INTRODUCTION: BUILDING A REPOSITORY In the beginning SPAR was designed as a comprehensive digital preservation tool.1 The Original Vision The National Library of France has been working on building a digital repository
The Preservation of Digital Content
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Cloonan, Michele Valerie; Sanett, Shelby
The authors are conducting a three-part study to evaluate current trends in the preservation of digital content, with an emphasis on electronic records. The study emanated from the authors' work on the Preservation Task Force of the International Research on Permanent Authentic Records in Electronic Systems (InterPARES) project. This article…
Preservation of Liquid Biological Samples
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Putcha, Lakshmi (Inventor); Nimmagudda, Ramalingeshwara R. (Inventor)
The present invention provides a method of preserving a liquid biological sample, comprising the step of: contacting said liquid biological sample with a preservative comprising, sodium benzoate in an amount of at least about 0.15% of the sample (weight/volume) and citric acid in an amount of at least about 0.025% of the sample (weight/volume).
Preferences, information and biodiversity preservation
Clive L. Spash; Nick Hanley
This paper considers the nature of preferences for the preservation of biodiversity, and the extent to which individuals are well-informed about biodiversity. We present evidence that the elicitation of monetary bids to pay for biodiversity preservation, as required for cost-benefit analysis, fails as a measure of welfare changes due to the prevalence of preferences which neoclassical economics defines as lexicographic.
Preservation of manipulated yeast diet
Joong Kyun Kim; Hae-Yoon Chung
Manipulated yeast diet can be usedfor seed production of aquacultural organisms.Various methods for preserving the yeast dietduring the periods of circulation in marketwere tested, and the preservation of the yeastdiet by freeze-drying was the best. With thispreservation method, the manipulated yeastswere maintained fairly well (up to 71%) whenstored for three weeks under refrigeratedcondition (4 °C), while more than 80% ofthe
Food preservation by hurdle technology
Lothar Leistner; Leon G. M. Gorris
Hurdle technology was developed several years ago as a new concept for the production of safe, stable, nutritious, tasty and economical foods. It advocates the intelligent use of combinations of different preservation factors or techniques ('hurdles') in order to achieve multi-target, mild but reliable preservation effects. Attractive applications have been identified in many food areas. The present article briefly introduces
Asymmetric anatase TiO? nanocrystals with exposed high-index facets and their excellent lithium storage properties.
Wu, Hao Bin; Chen, Jun Song; Lou, Xiong Wen David; Hng, Huey Hoon
In this work, we demonstrate a unique organic solvent system to synthesize asymmetric anatase TiO(2) nanocrystals with a bipyramidal structure, where the upper pyramid is bound by (201) facets, and the lower pyramid is bound by (401) surfaces. Due to the high surface energy of these (401) high-index facets, the nanocrystals tend to assemble on these facets to minimize the free energy, leading to the formation of a dandelion-like hierarchical structure. PMID:21892504
Neurologically Intact Patient Following Bilateral Facet Dislocation: Case Report and Review of Literature
Chakravarthy, Vikram; Mullin, Jeffrey P.; Abbott, E. Emily; Anderson, James; Benzel, Edward C.
Background Complete spinal cord lesions and quadriplegia occur in 50%-84% of patients with bilateral facet dislocation. We present a patient who suffered both bilateral facet dislocation and bilateral pedicle fractures while remaining neurologically intact. Based on this case and our literature review, we hypothesize that bilateral facet dislocations without neurological deficits are accompanied by significant associated fractures that facilitate the maintenance of cervical spine canal patency. Case Report After a fall down a flight of stairs, an 86-year-old woman presented to the hospital complaining of neck pain. She denied numbness and weakness of her extremities. On physical examination she was neurologically intact without focal sensory or motor deficits and with normal reflexes throughout. Computed tomography (CT) of her neck demonstrated bilateral C5-C6 facet dislocation with locking of the C6 superior articular process dorsal to the C5 inferior articular process, as well as corresponding bilateral C6 pedicle fractures. Additional acute fractures were identified on the thoracic CT. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated no spinal cord compression, edema, or hemorrhage. The patient had a C6-C7 anterior cervical discectomy and allograft fusion and a C5-T1 anterior cervical plate with screw fixation. Conclusion Because bilateral facet dislocations without neurological deficits are rare, the most appropriate surgical intervention is not evident. We believe the best choice as a first step is an anterior cervical discectomy and allograft fusion with plating. PMID:24688342
Surface roughening and unstable neck formation in faceted particles. 1: Experimental results and mechanisms
Rankin, J.; Sheldon, B.W. (Brown Univ., Providence, RI (United States). Div. of Engineering)
Experimental in situ TEM results described by Rankin and Boatner are surprising because they show initial neck formation between two isolated MgO particles, followed by neck rupture. A quantitative assessment of the original images shows that initial neck growth corresponds to material removed from the rounded edges which contact the neck, and that neck rupture transfers material directly from the neck to the adjacent faceted faces. During the initial neck growth process surface diffusion along the rounded edges of the crystals is apparently the dominant mass transport mechanism, and material is not transferred to the faceted faces because of the energy barrier associated with forming a new atomic layer on top of a faceted surface. This energy barrier can apparently be overcome when a curvature reversal at a facet/rough surface boundary creates a step which makes it possible to add one or more new atomic layers to the faceted face(s). This can move material away from the neck, and thus lead to neck rupture.
Differential relations of depression and social anxiety symptoms to the facets of extraversion/positive emotionality.
Naragon-Gainey, Kristin; Watson, David; Markon, Kristian E
Previous research has shown that both depression and social anxiety--2 facets of internalizing psychopathology--are characterized by low levels of extraversion/positive emotionality (E/PE). However, little is known about the relations of the facets of E/PE with the symptoms of depression and social anxiety. This study utilized multiple measures of each facet of E/PE, as well as depression and social anxiety symptoms. Self-report data were collected from large samples of college students and psychiatric outpatients. Separate factor analyses in each sample revealed a 4-factor structure of E/PE consisting of Sociability, Positive Emotionality, Ascendance, and Fun-Seeking. Structural equation modeling revealed that, after controlling for the higher order internalizing factor and the overlap among the E/PE facets, social anxiety was broadly related to all 4 facets of E/PE, whereas depression was strongly related to only low positive emotionality. Implications for hierarchical models of personality and psychopathology, assessment and treatment, and etiological models are discussed. PMID:19413405
Defeaturing CAD models using a geometry-based size field and facet-based reduction operators.
Quadros, William Roshan; Owen, Steven James
We propose a method to automatically defeature a CAD model by detecting irrelevant features using a geometry-based size field and a method to remove the irrelevant features via facet-based operations on a discrete representation. A discrete B-Rep model is first created by obtaining a faceted representation of the CAD entities. The candidate facet entities are then marked for reduction by using a geometry-based size field. This is accomplished by estimating local mesh sizes based on geometric criteria. If the field value at a facet entity goes below a user specified threshold value then it is identified as an irrelevant feature and is marked for reduction. The reduction of marked facet entities is primarily performed using an edge collapse operator. Care is taken to retain a valid geometry and topology of the discrete model throughout the procedure. The original model is not altered as the defeaturing is performed on a separate discrete model. Associativity between the entities of the discrete model and that of original CAD model is maintained in order to decode the attributes and boundary conditions applied on the original CAD entities onto the mesh via the entities of the discrete model. Example models are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Facet-dependent electrical conductivity properties of Cu2O crystals.
Tan, Chih-Shan; Hsu, Shih-Chen; Ke, Wei-Hong; Chen, Lih-Juann; Huang, Michael H
It is interesting to examine facet-dependent electrical properties of single Cu2O crystals, because such study greatly advances our understanding of various facet effects exhibited by semiconductors. We show a Cu2O octahedron is highly conductive, a cube is moderately conductive, and a rhombic dodecahedron is nonconductive. The conductivity differences are ascribed to the presence of a thin surface layer having different degrees of band bending. When electrical connection was made on two different facets of a rhombicuboctahedron, a diode-like response was obtained, demonstrating the potential of using single polyhedral nanocrystals as functional electronic components. Density of state (DOS) plots for three layers of Cu2O (111), (100), and (110) planes show respective metallic, semimetal, and semiconducting band structures. By examining DOS plots for varying number of planes, the surface layer thicknesses responsible for the facet-dependent electrical properties of Cu2O crystals have been determined to be below 1.5 nm for these facets. PMID:25706855
Food Preservation and Home Canning
NSDL National Science Digital Library
The harvest season is upon us, and home canning fever has begun. The following websites share resources and wisdom regarding home canning, food preservation, and accompanying safety measures. From Clemson University, the first site (1) is a Food Safety and Preservation section housed in the university's online Home and Garden Information Center. This site is stocked full of online and downloadable information sheets regarding canning, freezing, drying, pickling, food borne illnesses, and much more. The site even contains documents addressing food safety after hurricanes, tornados, fires, and power outages. The second website (2), from the University of Georgia, links to numerous food preservation publications like Canning Pumpkin Butter and Mashed or Pureed Squashes; Making Apple Cider; Preserving Food: Using Boiling Water Canners; and Preserving Food: Freezing Animal Products-just to name a few. Hosted by Michigan State University-Extension, the third site (3) contains a comprehensive, alphabetized database on freezing, canning, and drying food (that was based on the USDA Complete Guide to Home Canning). The fourth (4) site-hosted by the National Center for Home Food Preservation-contains the aforementioned USDA Complete Guide to Home Canning in downloadable units. From Penn State University, the fifth (5) site features a food preservation database, which connects site visitors to numerous links regarding safe home processing methods. The sixth site (6-) site contains a publication about home canning of fruit and fruit products. Notably, the publication provides processing times for different contents, amounts, and altitudes.
Interferometric technique for faceted microstructure metrology using an index matching liquid
Purcell, Daryl; Suratkar, Amit; Davies, Angela; Farahi, Faramarz; Ottevaere, Heidi; Thienpont, Hugo
Microstructured optical products are becoming more widespread due to advances in manufacturing. Many of these structures contain faceted surfaces with steep slopes. Adequate metrology for such surfaces is lacking. We describe an interferometric technique that combines plane wave illumination with an index matching liquid to achieve high quality, high speed measurements of such faceted microstructures. We account for refraction at the interfaces, rather than consider only optical path length changes due to the index liquid, and this significantly improves the facet angle measurement. We demonstrate the technique with the measurement of an array of micropyramids and show that our results are in good agreement with measurements taken on a contact profilometer. We also extend the technique to measure opaque microcorner cubes by implementing an intermediate replication step.
Spatial variation of luminescence from AlGaN grown by facet controlled epitaxial lateral overgrowth
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Bell, A.; Liu, R.; Parasuraman, U. K.; Ponce, F. A.; Kamiyama, S.; Amano, H.; Akasaki, I.
Interesting phenomena have been observed in the epitaxial lateral overgrowth of AlxGa1-xN alloys using facet control on serrated GaN templates. A complex microstructure is observed that involves misfit dislocation arrays that are closely related to regions with significantly large variations in composition. The dislocations are on inclined planar boundaries and result from basal-plane slip, which is allowed in this inclined facet geometry. The spatial variation of the aluminum composition in the overgrowth region is determined by cathodoluminescence spectroscopy and ranges from x =0.06to0.27, for constant growth conditions that after planarization result in a uniform composition at x =0.16. These results indicate that aluminum incorporation depends significantly on the growth direction with marked preference for facets parallel to the basal plane.
Faceting of {sigma}3 and {sigma}9 grain boundaries in Cu-Bi alloys
Straumal, B.B. [Laboratory of Interfaces in Metals, Institute of Solid State Physics, Institutskii prospect 15, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow District (Russian Federation)]. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Polyakov, S.A. [Laboratory of Interfaces in Metals, Institute of Solid State Physics, Institutskii prospect 15, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow District (Russian Federation); Max-Planck-Institut fuer Metallforschung and Institut fuer Metallkunde, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart (Germany); Bischoff, E. [Max-Planck-Institut fuer Metallforschung and Institut fuer Metallkunde, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart (Germany); Gust, W. [Max-Planck-Institut fuer Metallforschung and Institut fuer Metallkunde, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart (Germany); Baretzky, B. [Max-Planck-Institut fuer Metallforschung and Institut fuer Metallkunde, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart (Germany)
The faceting of {sigma}3 and {sigma}9 tilt grain boundaries (GBs) has been studied in bicrystals of pure Cu and Cu-Bi alloys containing 2.5 x 10{sup -3}, 10 x 10{sup -3} and 16 x 10{sup -3} at.% Bi. The {sigma}3(1 0 0), {sigma}9(1 0 0), {sigma}9(-1 1 0), and {sigma}9(-1 2 0) facets and non-CSL {sigma}3 82 deg 9R facet were observed, where {sigma} is the inverse density of coincidence sites. The ratio between GB energy, {sigma}{sub GB}, and surface energy, {sigma}{sub sur}, was measured by atomic force microscopy using the GB thermal-groove method. The GB energy and thermal-groove deepening rate increased slightly between 0 and 10 x 10{sup -3} at.% Bi for all facets studied. However, between 10 x 10{sup -3} and 16 x 10{sup -3} at.% Bi the GB energy increased dramatically [from a factor 2 for the {sigma}9(1 1 0) facet to 15 times larger for the {sigma}3(1 0 0) facet]. The thermal-groove deepening rate also increased by a factor of 10 in this concentration range. This change corresponds well with the GB solidus line (i.e., the formation of a stable layer of a liquid-like GB phase called GB prewetting) observed previously. Wulff diagrams were constructed using measured {sigma}{sub GB}/{sigma}{sub sur} values.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Li, Yaning; Song, Juha; Ortiz, Christine; Boyce, Mary; Ortiz group/DMSE/MIT Team; Boyce group/ME/MIT Team
Biological sutures are joints which connect two stiff skeletal or skeletal-like components. These joints possess a wavy geometry with a thin organic layer providing adhesion. Examples of biological sutures include mammalian skulls, the pelvic assembly of the armored fish Gasterosteus aculeatus (the three-spined stickleback), and the suture joints in the shell of the red-eared slider turtle. Biological sutures allow for movement and compliance, control stress concentrations, transmit loads, reduce fatigue stress and absorb energy. In this investigation, the mechanics of the role of suture geometry in providing a naturally optimized joint is explored. In particular, analytical and numerical micromechanical models of the suture joint are constructed. The anisotropic mechanical stiffness and strength are studied as a function of suture wavelength, amplitude and the material properties of the skeletal and organic components, revealing key insights into the optimized nature of these ubiquitous natural joints.
Decreasing the leachibility of boron wood preservatives
Gezer, Engin Derya
The use of boron in wood preservatives has been growing since the 1930s, primarily in various boric acid/borax mixtures. Boron preservatives have several advantages for application as wood preservatives including a broad spectrum of activity...
76 FR 74721 - Preserving the Open Internet
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
...Report No. 2936] Preserving the Open Internet AGENCY: Federal Communications Commission...broadband service to preserve and reinforce Internet freedom and openness. DATES: Oppositions...In the Matter of Preserving the Open Internet, Broadband Industry Practices,...
Item and rater analysis of constructed response items via the multi-faceted Rasch model.
Wolfe, Edward W
This article describes how the multi-faceted Rasch model (MFRM) can be applied to item and rater analysis and the types of information that is made available by a multifaceted analysis of constructed-response items. Particularly, the text describes evidence that is made available by such analyses that is relevant to improving item and rubric development as well as rater training and monitoring. The article provides an introduction to MRFM extensions of the family of Rasch models, a description of item analysis procedures, a description of rater analysis procedures, and concludes with an example analysis conducted using a commercially available program that implements the MFRM, Facets. PMID:19671993
Contemporary cybernetics and its facets of cognitive informatics and computational intelligence.
Wang, Yingxu; Kinsner, Witold; Zhang, Du
This paper explores the architecture, theoretical foundations, and paradigms of contemporary cybernetics from perspectives of cognitive informatics (CI) and computational intelligence. The modern domain and the hierarchical behavioral model of cybernetics are elaborated at the imperative, autonomic, and cognitive layers. The CI facet of cybernetics is presented, which explains how the brain may be mimicked in cybernetics via CI and neural informatics. The computational intelligence facet is described with a generic intelligence model of cybernetics. The compatibility between natural and cybernetic intelligence is analyzed. A coherent framework of contemporary cybernetics is presented toward the development of transdisciplinary theories and applications in cybernetics, CI, and computational intelligence. PMID:19349246
Preserving Alternative Versions: Interactional Techniques for Organizing Courtroom Cross-Examinations.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Metzger, Terri R.; Beach, Wayne A.
Reveals the adversarial nature of joint participation in courtroom cross-examinations through analyzing methods for presenting and preserving alternative versions of past events. Examines three methods employed by witnesses and lawyers: "I don't know" and "I don't remember"; prior testimony to induce a witness to change an answer; and challenging…
Preservation and Conservation and Their Teaching: The Methodology of Vienna '86.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Vallejo, Rosa M.
This paper discusses a seminar on the Teaching of Conservation and Preservation Management for Librarians, Archivists, and Information Scientists, which was organized jointly by the FID (Federation Internationale de Documentation), the ICA (International Council of Archives), and IFLA (International Federation of Library Associations) and held in…
Curation and Preservation of Complex Data: The North Carolina Geospatial Data Archiving Project
Steven P. Morris; James Tuttle
The North Carolina Geospatial Data Archiving Project (NCGDAP) is a three-year joint effort of the North Carolina State University Libraries and the North Carolina Center for Geographic Information and Analysis focused on collection and preservation of digital geospatial data resources from state and local government agencies. NCGDAP is being undertaken in partnership with the Library of Congress under the National
The Newspaper Preservation Act: Is It a Necessary Loophole in Antitrust Laws?
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Jones, Fredrick
Decreasing competition between daily newspapers led the United States Congress to pass the Newspaper Preservation Act (NPA) of 1970, providing limited exemption from antitrust laws for newspapers working under joint operating agreements. The bill was passed after the Justice Department successfully brought suit against two Arizona newspapers that…
Controllability and Stabilizability of Planar Multibody Systems with Angular Momentum Preserving Control Torques
Mahmut Reyhanoglu; N. Harris McClamroch
Control and stabilization properties for planar multibody systems consisting of a tree interconnection of rigid bodies are studied. A reduced system model is obtained by considering rotational motion only. It is assumed that there are no exogeneous effects and angular momentum preserving torques generated by joint motors are used as means of control. The angular momentum constant is assumed to
Treatment of Wood Preserving Wastewater
Reynolds, T. D.; Shack, P. A.
The wastewater produced by the wood preserving industry presents a difficult problem to treat economically. A review of the literature indicates the size of the industry has limited the pursuit of an orderly and economic solution. Atmospheric...
Fertility preservation in cancer survivors.
Winkler-Crepaz, K; Ayuandari, S; Ziehr, S C; Hofer, S; Wildt, L
Due to the increasing number of long-term cancer survivors, physicians of all specialties are confronted with the need to prevent side effects of the applied oncologic treatments. In the field of reproductive medicine fertility preservation has gained importance as most oncologic treatments have detrimental immediate or long-term impacts on male and female fertility. The American Society of Clinical Oncology and the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, as well as the recently founded International Society for Fertility Preservation propose several established and investigational options for fertility preservation. This review aims to summarize currently available techniques for fertility preservation and future perspectives in this field, as well as to provide recommendations for patient follow-up after cancer and during pregnancy. PMID:25614989
Privacy Preserving Online Convex Optimization
Jain, Prateek; Thakurta, Abhradeep
In this paper, we consider the problem of preserving privacy for online convex programming (OCP), an important online learning paradigm. We use the notion of differential privacy as our privacy measure. For this problem, we distill two critical attributes a private OCP algorithm should have, namely, linearly decreasing sensitivity and sub-linear regret bound. Assuming these two conditions, we provide a general framework for OCP that preserves privacy while guaranteeing sub-linear regret bound. We then analyze Implicit Gradient Descent (IGD) algorithm for OCP in our framework, and show $\\tilde O(\\sqrt{T})$ regret bound while preserving differential privacy for Lipschitz continuous, strongly convex cost functions. We also analyze the Generalized Infinitesimal Gradient Ascent (GIGA) method, a popular OCP algorithm, in our privacy preserving framework to obtain $\\tilde O(\\sqrt{T})$ regret bound, albeit for a slightly more restricted class of strongly convex functions with Lipschitz continuous gradient. We then co...
Correctness-preserving program transformations
Susan L. Gerhart
This paper extends the predicate calculus formalization of the partial correctness properties of programs (Ki, Go) to include the preservation of correctness under program transformations. The general notion of \\
CHARTRAND, RICK [Los Alamos National Laboratory
The authors show that using a nonconvex penalty term to regularize image reconstruction can substantially improve the preservation of object shapes. The commonly-used total-variation regularization, {integral}|{del}u|, penalizes the length of the object edges. They show that {integral}|{del}u|{sup p}, 0 < p < 1, only penalizes edges of dimension at least 2-p, and thus finite-length edges not at all. We give numerical examples showing the resulting improvement in shape preservation.
Preservation of Liquid Biological Samples
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Putcha, Lakshmi (Inventor); Nimmagudda, Ramalingeshwara (Inventor)
The present invention related to the preservation of a liquid biological sample. The biological sample is exposed to a preservative containing at least about 0.15 g of sodium benzoate and at least about 0.025 g of citric acid per 100 ml of sample. The biological sample may be collected in a vessel or an absorbent mass. The biological sample may also be exposed to a substrate and/or a vehicle.
Identifying and Preserving Wildlife Tracks
NSDL National Science Digital Library
This site is an article by Jon C. Boren, Extension Wildlife Specialist and Byron D. Wright, Agricultural Specialist both from the University of New Mexico entitled Identifying and Preserving Wildlife Tracks. It contains information about identifying animal tracks, including those of deer, elk, antelope, and mountain lions. Also, there is a helpful guide to preserving animal tracks by making track casts, including the procedure and materials needed. A recommended reading list is also presented to give visitors a starting point for more information.
Preservatives in registered chemical products.
Flyvholm, Mari-Ann
Preservatives are common causes of contact allergy and contact dermatitis. Exposure to cosmetics, personal care products, consumer products and occupationally used products often involve contact with the same range of preservatives. The aim of this study is to provide an overview on the occurrence of preservatives in registered chemical products. The studied preservatives included substances from standard patch test series and other preservatives relevant for registered chemical products. Data obtained from the Danish Product Register Database (PROBAS) in January 2005 were compared to similar data from January 2002. Paints/lacquers, cleaning agents and printing inks were the most frequently registered product categories, and the studied preservatives were registered in most of the product categories included in the study. For most product categories the total number of registered products was stable during the study period. Butylated hydroxytoluene, benzoic acid, isothiazolinones, Bronopol and formaldehyde showed an increase from 2002 to 2005. Most of these changes occurred in the product category paints/lacquers, for which a doubling mainly due to a change in registration practice was observed. The frequent registration of isothiazolinones (MCI/MI and benzisothiazolinone) in paints/lacquers may be a possible explanation for the relative high and stable frequency of positive patch test reactions to MCI/MI. PMID:15982228
Examining Rater Effects in TestDaF Writing and Speaking Performance Assessments: A Many-Facet Rasch Analysis
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Eckes, Thomas
I studied rater effects in the writing and speaking sections of the Test of German as a Foreign Language (TestDaF). Building on the many-facet Rasch measurement methodology, the focus was on rater main effects as well as 2- and 3-way interactions between raters and the other facets involved, that is, examinees, rating criteria (in the writing…
Violence Risk Assessment and Facet 4 of the Psychopathy Checklist: Predicting Institutional and Community Aggression in Two Forensic Samples
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Walters, Glenn D.; Heilbrun, Kirk
The Psychopathy Checklist and Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL/PCL-R) were used to predict institutional aggression and community violence in two groups of forensic patients. Results showed that Facet 4 (Antisocial) of the PCL/PCL-R or one of its parcels consistently achieved incremental validity relative to the first three facets, whereas the…
Fabrication process for low-cost GaInAsP\\/InP etched-facet photodetectors
Nicolas Michel; Jacqueline Lehoux; Alexandre Marceaux; Olivier Parillaud; Nakita Vodjdani
The optical waveguide entry facet of high-speed, 40 GHz waveguide photodetectors is usually obtained by manual cleaving, which has limited accuracy (+\\/- 10 mum) and reduces fabrication yields. In our new fabrication process, the waveguide facet is obtained with Chemically Assisted Ion Beam Etching (CAIBE). Length is therefore precisely controlled by photolithography. The antireflection coating is also deposited collectively on
Campylobacter Prosthetic Joint Infection
Vasoo, Shawn; Schwab, Jeramy J.; Cunningham, Scott A.; Robinson, Trisha J.; Cass, Joseph R.; Berbari, Elie F.; Walker, Randall C.; Osmon, Douglas R.
A 75-year-old man was diagnosed with probable Campylobacter jejuni prosthetic knee infection after a diarrheal illness. Joint aspirate and operative cultures were negative, but PCR of prosthesis sonicate fluid was positive, as was stool culture. Nineteen additional cases of Campylobacter prosthetic joint infection reported in the literature are reviewed. PMID:24523462
Joint Newspaper Operating Agreements.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Parsons, Marie
The number of competing daily newspapers in American cities has dwindled until only about 50 cities boast two papers. Of the newspapers in those cities, 23 now maintain separate editorial operations but have joint printing, advertising, and circulation departments. The concept of joint operation is 50 years old, dating from the Depression years…
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Batista, R. I.; Simonson, R. B.
Joining technique prevents contamination, may be used to join dissimilar metal tubes, minimizes fluid and gas entrapment, expedites repairs, and can yield joints having leakage rates less than 0.000001 standard cubic cm He/min. Components of joint are solder sleeve, two solder rings, Teflon sleeve, and tubing to be joined.
Acromioclavicular joint disease.
Mcdonald, Scott; Hopper, Melanie A
The acromioclavicular joint is an important component of the shoulder girdle experiencing significant loading during normal activities of daily living. The joint is frequently subjected to trauma and as a synovial articulation can become involved in rheumatoid arthritis and the seronegative arthropathies. PMID:26021590
A FACETS Analysis of Rater Bias in Measuring Japanese Second Language Writing Performance.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Kondo-Brown, Kimi
Using FACETS, investigates how judgments of trained teacher raters are biased toward certain types of candidates and certain criteria in assessing Japanese second language writing. Explores the potential for using a modified version of a rating scale for norm-referenced decisions about Japanese second language writing ability. (Author/VWL)
FACET: A simulation software framework for modeling complex societal processes and interactions
Christiansen, J. H.
FACET, the Framework for Addressing Cooperative Extended Transactions, was developed at Argonne National Laboratory to address the need for a simulation software architecture in the style of an agent-based approach, but with sufficient robustness, expressiveness, and flexibility to be able to deal with the levels of complexity seen in real-world social situations. FACET is an object-oriented software framework for building models of complex, cooperative behaviors of agents. It can be used to implement simulation models of societal processes such as the complex interplay of participating individuals and organizations engaged in multiple concurrent transactions in pursuit of their various goals. These transactions can be patterned on, for example, clinical guidelines and procedures, business practices, government and corporate policies, etc. FACET can also address other complex behaviors such as biological life cycles or manufacturing processes. To date, for example, FACET has been applied to such areas as land management, health care delivery, avian social behavior, and interactions between natural and social processes in ancient Mesopotamia.
Validity of Social, Moral and Emotional Facets of Self-Description Questionnaire II
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Leung, Kim Chau; Marsh, Herbert W.; Yeung, Alexander Seeshing; Abduljabbar, Adel S.
Studies adopting a construct validity approach can be categorized into within- and between-network studies. Few studies have applied between-network approach and tested the correlations of the social (same-sex relations, opposite-sex relations, parent relations), moral (honesty-trustworthiness), and emotional (emotional stability) facets of the…
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
FACET AND PRISM BASED MODEL FOR PEDAGOGICAL INDEXATION OF TEXTS FOR LANGUAGE firstname.lastname@example.com Keywords: Pedagogical indexation, Computer assisted language learning, Natural language of texts for language learning and address it under the scope of the notion of "pedagogical context
Facets of Impulsivity Are Differentially Linked to Insomnia: Evidence From an Exploratory Study
Ralph E. Schmidt; Philippe Gay; Martial Van der Linden
This study investigated the association between insomnia and four facets of impulsivity as distinguished by Whiteside and Lynam (2001): urgency, (lack of) premeditation, (lack of) perseverance, and sensation seeking. A sample of 233 university students completed the UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale, the Insomnia Severity Index, and a short questionnaire on sleep-related mentation. Correlational analyses revealed that urgency was related to
Towards an Understanding of Facets and Exemplars of Big Data Applications Geoffrey C.Fox1
Towards an Understanding of Facets and Exemplars of Big Data Applications Geoffrey C.Fox1 Big Data applications from a variety of research and commercial areas and suggest a set Big Data properties, and then to understand applications with those properties. There are many
The multiple facets of c-aminobutyric acid dysfunction in epilepsy Yehezkel Ben-Aria
Cossart, Rosa
REVIEW The multiple facets of c-aminobutyric acid dysfunction in epilepsy Yehezkel Ben inhibition to excitation in the developing brain and in epilepsies. This review deals with recent while inhibiting those of the mother. In epilepsies, recurrent seizures also lead to an accumulation
Polymer waveguide end facet roughness and optical input/output coupling loss for OPCB applications
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Baghsiahi, Hadi; Wang, Kai; Pitwon, Richard; Selviah, David R.
Electro-optical printed circuit board technology (EOCB) based on integrated planar polymer optical waveguides has been the subject of research and development for many years to provide a cost viable, fully integrated system embedded optical interconnect solution, however a number of constraints of this technology have yet to be overcome. Optical coupling loss at the input and output of the waveguides is one of the major issues and waveguide end facet roughness is one of the main sources of the coupling loss which is investigated in this paper. The results of a comprehensive investigation of the end facet roughness of multimode polymer waveguides, fabricated on FR4 printed circuit boards, PCBs, and its effect of optical loss are presented theoretically and experimentally. The waveguide end facet roughness was measured using an atomic force microscope, AFM, when the waveguides were cut using a milling router with various numbers of cutting edges called flutes. The optimized cutting parameters are derived and the optical coupling loss, between the laser source and the waveguide, due to the different roughness magnitudes is measured by experiment for the first time. To improve the surface quality and decrease the waveguide optical loss, a new fabrication technique for reducing the end facet roughness after cutting is proposed and demonstrated. The insertion loss was reduced by 2.60 dB +/- 1.3 dB which is more than that achieved by other conventional methods such as index matching fluid.
Facets of a Discourse Analysis of Safety Requirements Patrick Saint-Dizier
also emerged, e.g. EEC norms for chemical product storage and uses. Besides public regulations, safetyFacets of a Discourse Analysis of Safety Requirements Patrick Saint-Dizier IRIT - CNRS, 118 route a linguistic analysis and an implementation of the discourse structure of safety requirements within
Investigation of the suitability of silicate bonding for facet termination in active
Byer, Robert L.
bonding an optical flat to the output facet of an active fiber device can increase the reliability of high-power, single-transverse-mode operation of a 100 µm core diameter, Yb-doped rodlike photonic crystal fiber," Advanced Solid State Photonics, Santa Fe, USA, February pp. 14 (2004). 5. J. Nilsson, J. Sahu, Y. Jeong, W
Angle-resolved photoemission of Au clusters on graphite: quantized surface states on cluster facets
H. Hövel; I. Barke
We present an experimental study for the electronic properties of metal clusters on surfaces. For the specific case of the confined Shockley surface state on the top (111) facets of gold clusters on graphite [1] we were able to detect the quantized electronic structure with two independent experimental techniques, scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS). Here we
Technology shapes every facet of modern life. Familiarity with the characteristics,
Ge, Qiaode Jeff
Technology shapes every facet of modern life. Familiarity with the characteristics, capabilities, and limitations of current and emerging technologies is indispen- sable to wise and effective decisions and address the problems that technology often presents. Technologi- cal developments are indeed re
Four Facets of Privacy and Intellectual Freedom in Licensing Contracts for Electronic Journals
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Rubel, Alan; Zhang, Mei
This is a study of the treatment of library patron privacy in licenses for electronic journals in academic libraries. We begin by distinguishing four facets of privacy and intellectual freedom based on the LIS and philosophical literature. Next, we perform a content analysis of 42 license agreements for electronic journals, focusing on terms for…
FaThumb: a facet-based interface for mobile search
Amy K. Karlson; George G. Robertson; Daniel C. Robbins; Mary P. Czerwinski; Greg R. Smith
In this paper we describe a novel approach for searching large data sets from a mobile phone. Existing interfaces for mobile search require keyword text entry and are not suited for browsing. Our alternative uses a hybrid model to de- emphasize tedious keyword entry in favor of iterative data filtering. We propose navigation and selection of hierarchical metadata (facet navigation),
Teachers' Perceptions Structured through Facet Theory: Smallest Space Analysis versus Factor Analysis.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Maslovaty, Nava; Marshall, Anne E.; Alkin, Marvin C.
Examined the facet theory (FT) of L. Gutman and compared it to factor analysis (FA) in the context of two research studies, one of desirable student traits perceived by 203 Israeli teachers and the other of the perceptions of 92 Israeli teachers regarding teacher professionalism. By using FT and FA, the multidimensional theory and structural…
Faceting of the interface between Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} and anorthite glass
Mallamaci, M.P.; Carter, C.B. [Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States). Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science] [Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States). Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
The {l_brace}10{bar 1}0{r_brace} and {l_brace}11{bar 2}0{r_brace} Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} surfaces have been equilibrated in contact with anorthite liquid at 1,600 C. The structure of the resulting Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/glass interfaces has been characterized using transmission electron microscopy. Both interfaces were unstable in the presence of the liquid and reconstructed to give regular arrays of facets. The (10{bar 1}0) interface developed (10{bar 1}1) and ({bar 1}012) facets while the (11{bar 2}0) interface developed {l_brace}hh{ovr 2h}3{r_brace} facets. It is proposed that the (10{bar 1}0) glass/crystal interface is thermodynamically stable, but that the (11{bar 2}0) interface facets due to interface-step migration. The microstructure thus shows that both the crystallography and the anisotropic interface energies are important in determining the wetting/dewetting behavior of glass on Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}.
The Multi-Faceted Role of an "Ideal" CC Faculty Member.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Hammons, James O.
Outlines the ideal role of future community college faculty members. This role is to include five facets: (1) teaching, (2) advising students, (3) service to the community, (4) service to the college, and (5) personal development. Suggests the value of the model in enhancing student learning and institutional goals. (JG)
An Examination of Blue- versus White-Collar Workers' Conceptualizations of Job Satisfaction Facets
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Hu, Xiaoxiao; Kaplan, Seth; Dalal, Reeshad S.
This study examined the degree to which blue- versus white-collar workers differentially conceptualize various job facets, namely the work itself, co-workers, supervisors, and pay. To examine these potential differences, we conducted a series of analyses on job satisfaction ratings from two samples of university workers. Consistent with the study…
Infinity as a Multi-Faceted Concept in History and in the Mathematics Classroom
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Arzarello, Ferdinando; Bussi, Maria G., Bartolini; Robutti, Ornella
This paper presents the conceptualisation of infinity as a multi-faceted concept, discussing two examples. The first is from history and illustrates the work of Euler, when using infinity in an algebraic context. The second sketches an activity in a school context, namely students who approach the definite integral with symbolic-graphic…
Centrifugal Shape Sorting of Faceted Gold Nanoparticles Using an Atomic Plane-Selective Surfactant
Gao, Hongjun
Centrifugal Shape Sorting of Faceted Gold Nanoparticles Using an Atomic Plane-Selective Surfactant control or postsynthetic processing that relies on centrifugal sedimentation-based sorting schemes whereNPs possessing different shapes that would otherwise be virtually indistinguishable during centrifugal
Construct Validity of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire in Meditating and Nonmeditating Samples
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Baer, Ruth A.; Smith, Gregory T.; Lykins, Emily; Button, Daniel; Krietemeyer, Jennifer; Sauer, Shannon; Walsh, Erin; Duggan, Danielle; Williams, J. Mark G.
Previous research on assessment of mindfulness by self-report suggests that it may include five component skills: observing, describing, acting with awareness, nonjudging of inner experience, and nonreactivity to inner experience. These elements of mindfulness can be measured with the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). The authors…
Wisconsin FACETS Community Parent Resource Center. Final Project Report, 10/1/98-9/30/01.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Wisconsin Family Assistance Center for Education, Training and Support, Inc., Milwaukee.
This final report discusses the activities and outcomes of the Wisconsin FACETS program, a program that provides parent information and training services for underserved parents and caretakers of infants, toddlers, children, and young adults with disabilities who live in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The goals of the program are provided, along with a…
Observations of oxidation mechanisms and kinetics in faceted FeCo magnetic nanoparticles
McHenry, Michael E.
Observations of oxidation mechanisms and kinetics in faceted FeCo magnetic nanoparticles N. J the as received size. © 2010 American Institute of Physics. doi:10.1063/1.3334197 I. INTRODUCTION FeCo needs to be investigated, noting how the oxide couples to the core of FeCo. FeCo magnetic nanoparticles
Facet Classification of Blogs: Know-Center at the TREC 2009 Blog Distillation Task
Hammerton, James
Facet Classification of Blogs: Know-Center at the TREC 2009 Blog Distillation Task Elisabeth Lex,mgrani,firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract. In this paper, we outline our experiments carried out at the TREC 2009 Blog Distillation Task. Our system is based on a plain text index extracted from the XML feeds of the TREC Blogs08 dataset
Applying Perkins's Facets of a Learning Environment for Information Literacy Instruction
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Blummer, Barbara
Perkins, a professor of Education at Harvard University, promoted the use of constructivism in conjunction with information processing technologies to facilitate students' understanding and active use of knowledge and skills. He identified five facets of a learning environment including: information banks, symbol pads, construction kits,…
Modeling of facet formation in SiC bulk crystal growth
I. D. Matukov; D. S. Kalinin; M. V. Bogdanov; S. Yu. Karpov; D. Kh. Ofengeim; M. S. Ramm; J. S. Barash; E. N. Mokhov; A. D. Roenkov; Yu. A. Vodakov; M. G. Ramm; H. Helava; Yu. N. Makarov
Control of the crystallization front profile is of great importance for various aspects of bulk SiC crystal growth by physical vapor transport. The structural defect density, doping uniformity, and polytype stability are largely dependent on the profile evolution. In this paper, we consider the binary crystal growth from the multicomponent vapor and suggest a model of facet formation. The model
Some operations and transductions that preserve rationality.
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Some operations and transductions that preserve rationality. Jean-´Eric Pin and Jacques Sakarovitch impulse is to know whether this operation preserves rational languages. If the answer appears preserves rational languages" can be readily be refined into "such an an operation preserves star-free lan
Functions Which Preserve Lebesgue Spaces Zbigniew Piotrowski
Piotrowski, Zbigniew
Functions Which Preserve Lebesgue Spaces Zbigniew Piotrowski and Robert W. Vallin 11 July 2002 Abstract In this note we show that functions which preserve the property of being a Lebesgue space are precisely the class of metric preserving functions. 1 Introduction and Definitions The idea of preserving
Privacy-preserving logistic regression Kamalika Chaudhuri
Smith, Adam D.
Privacy-preserving logistic regression Kamalika Chaudhuri Information Theory and Applications on privacy-preserving logistic regression. First we apply an idea of Dwork et al. [6] to design a privacy-preserving, and perturbing the learned classifier with noise proportional to the sensitivity. We then provide a privacy-preserving
Distributed Preservation Services: Integrating Planning and Actions
Distributed Preservation Services: Integrating Planning and Actions Christoph Becker1 , Miguel/Guimar~aes, Portugal http://www.dsi.uminho.pt Abstract. Digital preservation has turned into an active field on which actions to take to preserve a given set of digital objects for future access, i.e., preservation
Suggested References for Home Food Preservation
Suggested References for Home Food Preservation USDA and Cooperative Extension So Easy to Preserve Center for Home Food Preservation: http://homefoodpreservation.com USDA Complete Guide to Home Canning http://www.uga.edu/nchfp/publications/publications_usda.html Manufacturers of Home Food Preservation
Electrostatic-Discharge-Induced Degradation Caused by Argon Ion Bombardment in Facet-Coating Process of GaInAsP\\/InP Laser Diode
Hiroyuki Ichikawa; Masashi Ito; Kotaro Hamada; Akira Yamaguchi; Takashi Nakabayashi
Electrostatic discharge (ESD)-induced degradation is one of the most important reliability issues of GaInAsP\\/InP laser diodes. We investigated the relation between ion irradiation in the facet-coating process and ESD-induced degradation. We used electron-beam evaporation with two types of argon ion irradiation for facet-coating. One type of irradiation is used for facet cleaning, in which argon ions bombard the facet directly.
JOINT ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING AND PHYSICS COLLOQUIUM "Speckle Statistics, Coherence confirmation of the increase in the well- defined polarization state of the output radiation. In the joint
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Kerley, James J., Jr.
Compliant joints devised to accommodate misalignments of tools and/or workpieces with respect to robotic manipulators. Has characteristics and appearance of both universal-joint and cable-spring-type flexible shaft coupling. Compliance derived from elastic properties of short pieces of cable. Compliance of joint determined by lengths, distances between, relative orientations, thickness of strands, number of strands, material, amount of pretwist, and number of short pieces of cable. Worm-drive mechanism used to adjust lengths to vary compliance as needed during operation.
Preserving Interactive Multimedia Art: A Case Study in Preservation Planning
the findings of a pilot project for preserving born-digital interactive multimedia art. We describe. Furthermore, the field of arts has more and more adopted the new media. Digital photography has long exceeded-understood file formats. In contrast, collections of born-digital art pose a whole new problem field. Electronic
Geology of Mojave National Preserve
NSDL National Science Digital Library
This website of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Park Service (NPS) highlights the geology of the Mojave National Preserve in California. It includes a field trip describing areas of interest at the preserve, as well as a geologic time scale describing the history and development of this area. Processes that shaped this region include volcanism, tectonics, faulting, erosion, deposition, spreading, intrusions, and glaciation. There is a geologic map of the area with units and a legend, and links to maps and technical papers.
Low-level efficacy of cosmetic preservatives.
Lundov, M D; Johansen, J D; Zachariae, C; Moesby, L
Preservation using combinations of preservatives has several advantages. This study shows that the concentration of some of the most frequently used allergenic preservatives can be markedly lowered when they are combined with phenoxyethanol. The antimicrobial efficacy of cosmetic preservatives and known allergens of various potency [diazolidinyl urea, methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI), methylisothiazolinone (MI) and phenoxyethanol] was tested alone and in various combinations of two or three preservatives together. The preservatives were tested for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values and possible synergy using fractional inhibitory concentration. MCI/MI was the only preservative showing low-level MIC against all four tested microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Different combinations of the preservatives indicated additive effects against the microorganisms. No combination of preservatives showed any inhibitory action on each other. Challenge tests with different concentrations and combinations were performed in a cosmetic cream. Diazolidinyl urea and MCI/MI alone were ineffective against C. albicans in a challenge test at concentrations up to 16 times higher than the observed MIC values. When combining phenoxyethanol with either one of the allergenic preservatives diazolidinyl urea, MCI/MI or MI, the cosmetic cream was adequately preserved at concentrations well below the preservatives' MIC values as well as 10-20 times below the maximum permitted concentrations. By using combinations of preservatives, effective preservation can be achieved with lower concentrations of allergenic preservatives. PMID:21272037
Hybrid Food Preservation Program Improves Food Preservation and Food Safety Knowledge
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Francis, Sarah L.
The growing trend in home food preservation raises concerns about whether the resulting food products will be safe to eat. The increased public demand for food preservation information led to the development of the comprehensive food preservation program, Preserve the Taste of Summer (PTTS). PTTS is a comprehensive hybrid food preservation program…
From Preserving Data to Preserving Research: Curation of Process and Context
From Preserving Data to Preserving Research: Curation of Process and Context Rudolf Mayer1 , Stefan at hand. This raises the need to provide means for preserving and sharing en- tire eScience workflows to preserve it and approaches to enable and validate the re-execution of a preserved process. This includes
High-active anatase TiO? nanosheets exposed with 95% {100} facets toward efficient H? evolution and CO? photoreduction.
Xu, Hua; Ouyang, Shuxin; Li, Peng; Kako, Tetsuya; Ye, Jinhua
We succeed in preparation of anatase TiO? single crystals with marked photocatalytic activity via a facile and effective method. This TiO? is composed of TiO? ultrathin nanosheets (2 nm in thickness) with 95% of exposed {100} facet, which is considered to be the active facet for photocatalytic reaction. This percentage (95%) is the highest among previously reported {100} facet exposed anatase TiO?. More importantly, due to this high ratio, our developed TiO? nanosheets showed marked photocatalytic activity, about 5 times higher activity in both H? evolution and CO? reduction than the reference sample, TiO? cuboids with 53% of exposed {100} facet. For the TiO? nanosheets, both the higher percentage of exposed {100} facets and larger surface area can offer more surface active sites in the photocatalytic reaction. On the other hand, the superior electronic band structure which results from the higher percentage of {100} facet is also beneficial for the higher activity. This study exemplifies that the facet engineering of semiconductors is one of the most effective strategies to achieve advanced properties over photofunctional materials for solar energy conversion. PMID:23360579
Panel Post & Diagonal Brace Joint Detail; Crossbracing Center Joint ...
Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey
Panel Post & Diagonal Brace Joint Detail; Crossbracing Center Joint Detail; Chord, Panel Post, Tie Bar, & Diagonal Brace Joint Detail; Chord, Tie Bar, & Crossbracing Joint Detail - Medora Bridge, Spanning East Fork of White River at State Route 235, Medora, Jackson County, IN
Highly reactive {001} facets of TiO2-based composites: synthesis, formation mechanism and characterization.
Ong, Wee-Jun; Tan, Lling-Lling; Chai, Siang-Piao; Yong, Siek-Ting; Mohamed, Abdul Rahman
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is one of the most widely investigated metal oxides due to its extraordinary surface, electronic and catalytic properties. However, the large band gap of TiO2 and massive recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs limit its photocatalytic and photovoltaic efficiency. Therefore, increasing research attention is now being directed towards engineering the surface structure of TiO2 at the most fundamental and atomic level namely morphological control of {001} facets in the range of microscale and nanoscale to fine-tune its physicochemical properties, which could ultimately lead to the optimization of its selectivity and reactivity. The synthesis of {001}-faceted TiO2 is currently one of the most active interdisciplinary research areas and demonstrations of catalytic enhancement are abundant. Modifications such as metal and non-metal doping have also been extensively studied to extend its band gap to the visible light region. This steady progress has demonstrated that TiO2-based composites with {001} facets are playing and will continue to play an indispensable role in the environmental remediation and in the search for clean and renewable energy technologies. This review encompasses the state-of-the-art research activities and latest advancements in the design of highly reactive {001} facet-dominated TiO2via various strategies, including hydrothermal/solvothermal, high temperature gas phase reactions and non-hydrolytic alcoholysis methods. The stabilization of {001} facets using fluorine-containing species and fluorine-free capping agents is also critically discussed in this review. To overcome the large band gap of TiO2 and rapid recombination of photogenerated charge carriers, modifications are carried out to manipulate its electronic band structure, including transition metal doping, noble metal doping, non-metal doping and incorporating graphene as a two-dimensional (2D) catalyst support. The advancements made in these aspects are thoroughly examined, with additional insights related to the charge transfer events for each strategy of the modified-TiO2 composites. Finally, we offer a summary and some invigorating perspectives on the major challenges and new research directions for future exploitation in this emerging frontier, which we hope will advance us to rationally harness the outstanding structural and electronic properties of {001} facets for various environmental and energy-related applications. PMID:24384624
Gram stain of joint fluid ... result means no bacteria are present on the Gram stain. Note: Normal value ranges may vary slightly ... Abnormal results mean bacteria were seen on the Gram stain. This may be a sign of a ...
Arthroscopy of the subtalar joint and arthroscopic subtalar arthrodesis.
Tasto, James P
Subtalar arthroscopy has become a valuable adjunct to the tools used in lower extremity surgery. For the past 25 years, ankle arthroscopy has been in vogue for treating a variety of conditions. Subtalar arthroscopy has more treatment limitations and is more technically difficult to perform than ankle arthroscopy because of the anatomic confines and structure of the subtalar joint. Most procedures are performed on the posterior aspect of the subtalar joint. The subtalar joint is composed of three articulations (posterior, middle, and anterior facets) and is surrounded by a variety of intra-articular and extra-articular ligaments, whose anatomy must be fully understood before attempting this procedure. Subtalar arthroscopy may be indicated for diagnostic purposes and for débridement of synovial impingement syndromes in the sinus tarsi. It may be used to examine loose bodies or osteochondral lesions, to address fractures of the lateral process of the talus, and to evaluate subtalar instability to determine appropriate stabilization methods. Arthroscopic subtalar arthrodesis also has gained credibility over the past 10 years as an acceptable surgical procedure. Arthroscopic evaluation of subtalar instability is useful in planning the appropriate stabilization. Subtalar arthroscopy is usually performed with the patient in the lateral decubitus position without traction. Anterior and posterior portals as well as an accessory anterior portal are usually necessary to perform all of the above procedures. Because of the limited confines of the joint, care must be taken to prevent any articular cartilage damage. When performing subtalar arthroscopy in conjunction with ankle arthroscopy, the subtalar arthroscopy should be performed first to avoid excessive extravasation from the ankle arthroscopy, which could obscure entry to the subtalar joint. Complications of subtalar arthroscopy are similar to those encountered in ankle arthroscopy, such as damage to the sural and superficial peroneal nerves. PMID:16958488
Shape preserving interpolation. Revision 1
Carlson, R.E.
Fast, accurate interpolation algorithms are needed in virtually all areas of high speed scientific computing. As computer power has grown, physical, mathematical and computational models have become more complicated in an attempt to achieve more realistic simulations of the underlying physical processes. These changes have influenced the trends in developing new and more sophisticated interpolation methods. In the past an important criterion used to select an interpolation algorithm was the accuracy of a method as measured by the rate of convergence of the interpolant as the mesh size is decreased to zero. However, in most practical problems one has little or no control over the number and/or location of the data points, and the mesh never tends to zero. Instead, the user demands that the interpolant provide an accurate approximation to ''physical reality'', or at least to his/her perception of that reality. In attempting to increase fidelity to the underlying physical processes, two phrases have come into vogue when describing interpolation methods: ''visually pleasing'' and ''shape preserving''. Visually pleasing means the end result must look ''right'' to the user. While this is a highly desirable goal, it is subjective and has not yet been characterized mathematically. In contrast, shape preserving refers to the preservation of one or more mathematical properties (called shape characteristics) during the interpolation process. These shape characteristics often represent physical properties of the system being modeled. This paper is about shape preserving interpolation methods as applied to solving real-world scientific problems.
A Phase Preserving Sar Processor
R. Keith Raney; Paris W. Vachon
Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image phase information IS necessary to support many advanced SAR applications. The phase information in the complex image for conventional range Doppler processors is not a robust estimate of scene phase . A SAR processor specifically designed to preserve phase informa tion is being developed at the Canada Centre for Remote Sens ing (CCRS). In addition
Homotopy Preserving Medial Axis Simplification
Avneesh Sud; Mark Foskey; Dinesh Manocha
We present a novel algorithm to compute a simplified medial axis of a polyhedron. Our simplification algorithm tends to remove unstable features of Blum's medial axis. Moreover, our algorithm preserves the topological structure of the original medial axis and ensures that the simplified medial axis has the same homotopy type as Blum's medial axis. We use the separation angle formed
Raspberries Using, Storing and Preserving
area for up to one year. · For best quality and nutritive value, preserve only what your family can with plastic wrap, or put in a plastic bag with holes. · Keep fruit away from raw meats and meat juices; drain.You may can berries in water, apple or white grape juice, or syrup. Prepare syrup if desired
Preservation: past, present and future.
Gould, G W
Foods deteriorate in quality due to a wide range of reactions including some that are physical, some that are chemical, some enzymic and some microbiological. The various forms of spoilage and food poisoning caused by micro-organisms are preventable to a large degree by a number of preservation techniques, most of which act by preventing or slowing microbial growth. These include freezing, chilling, drying, curing, conserving, vacuum packing, modified atmosphere packing, acidifying, fermenting, and adding preservatives. In contrast, a smaller number of techniques act by inactivating micro-organisms, predominantly heating (pasteurization and sterilization). Complementary techniques restrict access of micro-organisms to food products, e.g. aseptic processing and packaging. New and 'emerging' preservation techniques include more that act by inactivation. They include the application of ionizing radiation, high hydrostatic pressure, high voltage electric discharges, high intensity light, ultrasonication in combination with heat and slightly raised pressure ('manothermosonication'), and the addition to foods of bacteriolytic enzymes, bacteriocins, and other naturally-occurring antimicrobials. Major trends, reacting to consumers' needs, are towards the use of procedures that deliver food products that are less 'heavily' preserved, higher quality, more convenient, more 'natural', freer from additives, nutritionally healthier, and still with high assurance of microbiological safety. PMID:10885107
UCI Ecological Preserve Published Papers
Rose, Michael R.
UCI Ecological Preserve Published Papers Berschauer, D.P. 1992. Is the "Endangered Species Act" endangered? Southwestern University Law Review 21 (3): 991 1017. Bowler, P.A. 1990. Riparian Woodland: An Endangered Habitat in Southern California. Pp. 80-97 in Schoenherr, A. (Eds.). Endangered Plant Communities
Steeping Preservation of Baby Corn
Poonam Aggarwal; Ravneet Kaur
Baby sweet corn (Zea mays var. rugosa Bonaf.) is used in Asian cuisine and considered a specialty item outside of Asia. Dehusked baby corn, harvested at 2 and 4 days after silk emergence, was preserved in a steeping solution and packed in glass jars. The steeping solution used concentrations of acetic acid from 0.5% to 2.0% and sodium chloride from
FOOD PRESERVATION SERIES Summer Squash
then be grated and used in quick bread recipes. Add thin strips or slices of summer squash to salads or soups bread. WO1051 #12;how to preserve how to prepare recipe Skillet Zucchini with Chopped Tomatoes 1 in a wok or frying pan. Add squash pieces to hot oil. Season with salt and pepper. Use soy sauce or fish
Commercial farmland preservation in Oregon
J. R. Pease
Oregon's agricultural land preservation program emphasizes the importance of commercial agriculture to the state's economy. Statewide zoning requirements and farm use incentives are designed to protect commercial agriculture from fragmentation and conflicting uses. While the state has invested significant staff and funding commitments over nearly a decade, the program's long-term effectiveness still faces difficult tests.
Preserving average proximity in arrays
Richard A. DeMillo; Stanley C. Eisenstat; Richard J. Lipton
Programmers and data structure designers are often forced to choose between alternative structures. In storing these structures, preserving logical adjacencies or "proximity" is usually an important consideration. The combinatorial problem of storing arrays as various kinds of list structures is examined. Embeddings of graphs are used to model the loss of proximity involved in such storage schemes, and an elementary
The primary objective of this study is to evaluate chemical preservatives which can be added to the sample bottle before collection which will be effective in stabilizing the coliform density for not less than 48 hours using current methodology for detecting coliform organisms. T...
Joint implementation: Biodiversity and greenhouse gas offsets
Cutright, N.J. [Wisconsin Electric Power Company, Milwaukee, WI (United States)
One of the most pressing environmental issues today is the possibility that projected increases in global emissions of greenhouse gases form increased deforestation, development, and fossil-fuel combustion could significantly alter global climate patterns. Under the terms of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, signed in Rio de janeiro during the June 19923 Earth Summit, the United States and other industrialized countries committed to balancing greenhouse gas emissions at 1990 levels in the year 2000. Included in the treaty is a provision titled {open_quotes}Joint Implementation,{close_quotes} whereby industrialized countries assist developing countries in jointly modifying long-term emission trends, either through emission reductions or by protecting and enhancing greenhouse gas sinks (carbon sequestration). The US Climate Action Plan, signed by President Clinton in 1993, calls for voluntary climate change mitigation measures by various sectors, and the action plan included a new program, the US Initiative on Joint Implementation. Wisconsin Electric decided to invest in a JI project because its concept encourages creative, cost-effective solutions to environmental problems through partnering, international cooperation, and innovation. The project chosen, a forest preservation and management effort in Belize, will sequester more than five million tons of carbon dioxide over a 40-year period, will become economically self-sustaining after ten years, and will have substantial biodiversity benefits. 6 refs., 1 tab.
Preservation Decisions: Terms and Conditions Apply Challenges, Misperceptions and Lessons Learned in Preservation Planning
Preservation Decisions: Terms and Conditions Apply Challenges, Misperceptions and Lessons Learned in Preservation Planning Christoph Becker Vienna University of Technology Vienna, Austria www Decisions in digital preservation pose the delicate mission of balancing desired goals of authentic long
Noninfectious joint disease in cattle.
Nichols, Sylvain; Lardé, Hélčne
Osteochondrosis causes variable degrees of joint effusion and lameness. Arthroscopic debridement of the lesions provides the best long-term outcome. Articular fracture or joint instability following collateral ligament rupture causes severe joint effusion and lameness. Internal fixation combined with external coaptation is the treatment of choice. Degenerative joint disease in young animals has a guarded prognosis. Arthroscopy combined with medical therapy may slow down the disease process. Degenerative joint disease involving the distal interphalangeal joint has a good prognosis following joint resection. PMID:24534666
NANOCATALYSTS. Platinum-based nanocages with subnanometer-thick walls and well-defined, controllable facets.
Zhang, Lei; Roling, Luke T; Wang, Xue; Vara, Madeline; Chi, Miaofang; Liu, Jingyue; Choi, Sang-Il; Park, Jinho; Herron, Jeffrey A; Xie, Zhaoxiong; Mavrikakis, Manos; Xia, Younan
A cost-effective catalyst should have a high dispersion of the active atoms, together with a controllable surface structure for the optimization of activity, selectivity, or both. We fabricated nanocages by depositing a few atomic layers of platinum (Pt) as conformal shells on palladium (Pd) nanocrystals with well-defined facets and then etching away the Pd templates. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the etching is initiated via a mechanism that involves the formation of vacancies through the removal of Pd atoms incorporated into the outermost layer during the deposition of Pt. With the use of Pd nanoscale cubes and octahedra as templates, we obtained Pt cubic and octahedral nanocages enclosed by {100} and {111} facets, respectively, which exhibited distinctive catalytic activities toward oxygen reduction. PMID:26206931
Reconstructing cultural behavior from dental wear studies: is para-facets analysis approach scientifically valid?
Sarig, Rachel; Tillier, Anne-marie
It is common knowledge, that in archaic populations teeth were used as tools, this behavior can be studied by evaluating attrition patterns. Parafacets were defined as nonmasticatory wear areas that have no antagonist matching wear facets. The presence of the parafacets led to far-reaching conclusions regarding cultural interactions between Near Eastern Neanderthals and anatomically modern humans. This study was aimed to examine the identification of parafacets in some of the Qafzeh specimens. Based on findings of our research we suggest that the attrition facets mistakenly considered as parafacets are in fact the result of the static and dynamic occlusion. Therefore the observations induce much less dramatic interpretation. We here propose several guidelines that would be beneficial in that they aim to evaluate the parafacets with heightened accuracy. PMID:24767822
Percutaneous radiofrequency rhizotomy of lumbar spinal facets: the results of 46 cases.
Göçer, A I; Cetinalp, E; Tuna, M; Ildan, F; Ba?dato?lu, H; Haciyakupo?lu, S
The results of percutaneous radiofrequency rhizotomy of lumbar spinal facets in 46 patients followed at least three months (mean 15 months) are reported and compared with those reported previously. Satisfactory pain relief three months after the procedure was achieved in 36.4 percent of patients without operations and in 41.7 percent of patients, with operations other than fusion. No patient had previously undergone fusion. Treatment of low-back pain by using radio-frequency thermocoagulation of spinal facets is a simple, safe, and well-tolerated procedure. It can be used to relief of pain in spite of decreasing rates of success within the follow-up period. PMID:9226670
Faceting Transition in an Exactly Solvable Terrace-Ledge-Kink model
Douglas B. Abraham; Fabian H. L. Eßler; Franck T. Latremoliere
We solve exactly a Terrace-Ledge-Kink (TLK) model describing a crystal\\u000asurface at a microscopic level. We show that there is a faceting transition\\u000adriven either by temperature or by the chemical potential that controls the\\u000aslope of the surface. In the rough phase we investigate thermal fluctuations of\\u000athe surface using Conformal Field Theory.
Simple model for crystal shapes: Step-step interactions and facet edges
C. Jayaprakash; Craig Rottman; W. F. Saam
The terrace-step-kink model for equilibrium crystal shapes is considered. Noninteracting steps are known to correspond to a free-fermion model which leads to a continuous transition from facets to curved surfaces. We study both short- and long-ranged interactions between steps within meanfield theory. For nearest-neighbor step interactions, the model can be solved exactly, and details are given. The possibility of a
Evaluation of Temporal Diagnostic Techniques for Two-Bunch Facet Beam
Litos, M.D.; Bionta, M.R.; Dolgashev, V.A.; England, R.J.; Fritz, D.; Gilevich, S.; Hering, Ph.; Hogan, M.J.; /SLAC
Three temporal diagnostic techniques are considered for use in the FACET facility at SLAC, which will incorporate a unique two-bunch beam for plasma wakefield acceleration experiments. The results of these experiments will depend strongly on the the inter-bunch spacing as well as the longitudinal profiles of the two bunches. A reliable, singleshot, high resolution measurement of the beam's temporal profile is necessary to fully quantify the physical mechanisms underlying the beam driven plasma wakefield acceleration. In this study we show that a transverse deflecting cavity is the diagnostic which best meets our criteria. Based on our laboratory testing, numerical calculations, and simulations of the three single-shot temporal diagnostic devices, the X-band TCAV system is the best candidate for resolving FACET's two-bunch beam, with an estimated resolution of 7 {micro}m. Both the S-band TCAV system and the EO system could resolve the peak-to-peak separation of the two bunches in the FACET beam with estimated resolutions of 25 {micro}m and 30 {micro}m, respectively, but would be unable to resolve the temporal profiles of the individual bunches themselves. Because the TCAV signal is more easily interpreted and because the reliability of the EO system is less well known, however, the S-band TCAV system would be the next preferred option after the X-band TCAV system. The Fesca-200 streak camera, though simple, compact, and reliable, is unable to achieve a resolution that would be of use to FACET.
Structural unit and faceting description of ?3 asymmetric tilt grain boundaries
Mark A. Tschopp; David L. McDowell
Atomistic simulations are employed to investigate the structure of ?3 asymmetric tilt grain boundaries (ATGBs) with boundary\\u000a planes rotated about the $$\\\\langle 110 \\\\rangle$$ misorientation axis in Cu and Al. Results show that the structural units (SUs) and faceting of all 25 ?3 ATGBs in Cu and\\u000a Al intermediate to the coherent twin boundary and the symmetric incoherent twin boundary
Mass transport, faceting and behavior of dislocations in GaN
Nitta, S.; Kashima, T.; Kariya, M.; Yukawa, Y.; Yamaguchi, S.; Amano, H.; Akasaki, I.
The behavior of threading dislocations during mass transport of GaN was investigated in detail by transmission electron microscopy. Mass transport occurred at the surface. Therefore, growing species are supplied from the in-plane direction. The behavior of threading dislocations was found to be strongly affected by the mass transport process as well as the high crystallographic anisotropy of the surface energy of the facets particular to GaN.
Heritability of the Big Five Personality Dimensions and Their Facets: A Twin Study
Kerry L. Jang; W. John Livesley; Philip A. Vemon
ABSTRACT The genetic and environmental,etiology of the five-factor model of personality as measured by the revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) was assessed using 123 pairs of identical twins and 127 pairs of fraternal twins. Broad genetic influence on the five dimensions of Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness was estimated at 41%, 53%, 61%, 41%, and 44%, respectively. The facet
Theoretical analysis and fabrication of antireflection coatings on laser-diode facets
Tadashi Saitoh; Takaaki Mukai; Osamu Mikami
Reflectivity of an antireflection-(AR) coated laser-diode (LD) facet is analyzed on the basis of a slab waveguide model and an angular spectrum approach. The reflectivities of single- and double-layer AR coatings on 1.55-?m GaInAsP\\/InP LD's are numerically calculated. Optimum film parameters, such as thickness and refractive index of single-layer AR coating films, are obtained as functions of the active layer
Facet Dependent Disorder in the Pristine High Voltage Lithium-Manganese-Rich Cathode Material
Dixit, Hemant M [ORNL; Zhou, Wu [ORNL; Idrobo Tapia, Juan Carlos [ORNL; Nanda, Jagjit [ORNL; Cooper, Valentino R [ORNL
Defects and surface reconstructions are thought to be crucial for the long term stability of high-voltage lithium-manganese-rich cathodes. Unfortunately, many of these defects arise only after electrochemical cycling which occur under harsh conditions making it difficult to fully comprehend the role they play in degrading material performance. Recently, it has been observed that defects are present even in the pristine material. This study, therefore, focuses on examining the nature of the disorder observed in pristine Li$_{1.2}$Ni$_{0.175}$Mn$_{0.525}$Co$_{0.1}$O$_2$ (LNMCO) particles. Using atomic resolution Z-contrast imaging and electron energy-loss spectroscopy measurements we show that there are indeed a significant amount of anti-site defects present in this material; with transition metals substituting on Li metal sites. Furthermore, we find a strong tendency of segregation of these types of defects towards open facets (surfaces perpendicular to the layered arrangement of atoms), rather than closed facets (surfaces parallel to the layered arrangement of atoms). First principles calculations identify anti-site defect pairs of Ni swapping with Li ions as the predominant defect in the material. Furthermore, energetically favorable swapping of Ni on the Mn sites were observed to lead to Mn depletion at open facets. Relatively, low Ni migration barriers also support the notion that Ni are the predominant cause of disorder. These insights suggests that certain facets of the LNMCO particles may be more useful for inhibiting surface reconstruction and improving the stability of these materials through careful consideration of the exposed surface.
The management of traumatic cervical bilateral facet fracture-dislocations with unicortical anterior plates.
Razack, N; Green, B A; Levi, A D
The goal of this study was to evaluate single-level anterior cervical discectomy and stabilization for bilateral facet fracture dislocations using bone graft and anterior titanium plates with unicortical screw fixation in the clinical setting. We conducted a retrospective review during a consecutive 6-year period of patients treated in a single institution for traumatic single-level cervical bilateral facet fracture-dislocation. All fracture-dislocations that could be aligned with traction were subsequently stabilized using an anterior cervical discectomy with bone graft and titanium unicortical locking plates. All patients were examined after operation for radiographic evidence of healing and neurologic outcome. Twenty-two patients (M:F ratio, 16:6; average age, 47.7 years) underwent an anterior cervical discectomy and stabilization with either an allograft (n = 12) or an autograft (n = 10) and a titanium unicortical locking plate. Most patients had sustained a spinal cord injury (87%) or a radicular injury (9%). The average follow-up was 32 months, with a minimum follow-up of 1 year (range, 13 to 77 months). There was one instrumentation-related failure, but all 22 patients ultimately had evidence of stability at the instrumented level on the final follow-up examination. Anterior fixation with unicortical cervical locking plates as a single procedure offers an excellent surgical alternative in the management of many cervical bilateral facet fracture dislocations in patients who can be reduced preoperatively. PMID:11052345
Efficient gaseous toluene photoconversion on graphene-titanium dioxide nanocomposites with dominate exposed {001} facets.
Shang, Qianqian; Tan, Xin; Yu, Tao; Zhang, Zhiyang; Zou, Yunling; Wang, Siyu
A series of GnTiO2 {001} nanocomposites (GTN) with dominate exposed {001} facets has been synthesized by various dosage of graphite oxide (GO) and hydrofluoric acid (HF) during a facile solvothermal process successfully. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency (PDE) of the optimal sample reached up to 98.7% for liquids methyl orange and up to 78.6% for gaseous toluene under the UV-light irradiation for 30min, which is much higher than P25. The effects mechanism of HF and GO on the percentage of {001} facets exposed and the crystal morphology are investigated by XRD, SEM, TEM, UV-Vis, XPS and BET measurement, particularly. Cyclic voltammograms (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to explore the electron transfer mechanisms of GnTiO2 {001} nanocomposites. These results reveal the enhanced photocatalytic properties attribute to the excellent electron transport of Gn and highly reactive {001} facets can facilitate the separation of photo-generated charge carriers. Moreover, Gn can extend the absorption range of light and improve the adsorptivity of pollutant molecules. PMID:26057946
(100) facets of ?-Al2O3: the active surfaces for alcohol dehydration reactions
Kwak, Ja Hun; Mei, Donghai; Peden, Charles HF; Rousseau, Roger J.; Szanyi, Janos
Temperature programmed desorption (TPD) of ethanol, and methanol dehydration reaction were studied on ?-Al2O3 in order to identify the catalytic active sites for alcohol dehydration reactions. Two high temperature (> 473 K) desorption features were observed following ethanol adsorption. Samples calcined at T?473 K displayed a desorption feature in the 523-533 K temperature range, while those calcined at T ? 673 K showed a single desorption feature at 498 K. The switch from the high to low temperature ethanol desorption correlated well with the dehydroxylation of the (100) facets of ?-Al2O3 that was predicted at 550 K DFT calculations. Theoretical DFT simulations of the mechanism of dehydration. on clean and hydroxylated ?-Al2O3(100) surfaces, find that a concerted elimination of ethylene from an ethanol molecule chemisorbed at an Al3+ pentacoordinated site is the rate limiting step for catalytic cycle on both surfaces. Furthermore, titration of the pentacoordinate Al3+ sites on the (100) facets of ?-Al2O3 by BaO completely turned off the methanol dehydration reaction activity. These results unambiguously demonstrate that only the (100) facets on ?-Al2O3 are the catalytic active surfaces for alcohol dehydration.
Treating personality-relationship transactions with respect: narrow facets, advanced models, and extended time frames.
Mund, Marcus; Neyer, Franz J
Contrary to premises of dynamic transactionism, most studies investigating personality-relationship transaction only found personality effects on relationships but failed to find effects of relationship experiences on personality development. The current study reconsiders this issue in 3 ways. First, alongside the broad Big Five characteristics (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness), specific personality facets were considered to make comparisons with relationships more symmetric. Second, a recent extension of latent change modeling was applied allowing for a theoretically more appropriate model that compensates for the shortcomings of traditionally used cross-lagged panel or growth curve models. Third, personality-relationship transaction was studied from young adulthood to midlife using a 15-year longitudinal study with 654 German adults. Results showed patterns of personality-relationship transaction with the romantic partner, friends, kin, and other interaction partners. Specifically, the development of Neuroticism, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness and their facets was closely interacting with partner and friend relationships, underlining the importance of these relationships for personality maturation during the adult years. We conclude that relationship effects have often been underestimated in previous studies. They are not bound to specific developmental periods, such as emerging adulthood, but their detection depends on the modeling approach and the analysis level (broad dimensions vs. facets). Relationship effects are most likely to occur in relationships that reflect self-selected life styles and circumstances. PMID:25090133
Effects of ligand binding strength and facet coverage on the morphology of nanocrystal superlattices
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Bealing, Clive; Hennig, Richard
Nanocrystals (NCs) of lead-salt have been proposed for a number of photovoltaic applications. These NCs consist of an inorganic core, in the rock salt structure, whose surface is usually passivated by oleate ligands. The self-assembly of NCs from colloidal solutions into mesoscale superlattices provides a path to materials with tunable electronic, physical and chemical properties that are promising for applications. The self-assembly is controlled by the NC shape and by ligand-mediated interactions between NCs; to understand this, it is necessary to know the effect of the ligands on the surface energies, as well as the relative coverage of the different facets. Our density functional calculations of the binding energies of carboxylic acid-based ligands on PbSe and PbS show that the ligands exhibit a strong energetic preference to particular facets. The results suggest that the transformation of the NC superlattice structure from fcc to bcc in aged NC assemblies is caused by the preferential detachment of ligands from particular facets, leading to anisotropic ligand coverage. Combined with the experimental results, our calculations present a potential route to greater control over the morphology of the NC superlattice assembly. This work was supported by Award No. KUS-C1-018-02, made by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST).
Surface roughening and unstable neck formation in faceted particles. 2: Mathematical modeling
Sheldon, B.W.; Rankin, J. (Brown Univ., Providence, RI (United States). Div. of Engineering)
Unstable neck formation between two isolated particles was analyzed by considering the effects of both faceted and rounded (i.e., atomically rough'') surfaces. Mathematical descriptions of both neck growth and rupture are developed here. Calculations conducted with these formulations can explain the neck instability observed by Rankin and Boatner. The analysis and the experimental data suggest that the energy barrier associated with forming a new atomic layer on top of a faceted surface can restrict the shape evolution of a crystalline particle, even at moderately high temperatures. The analysis also indicates that this energy barrier can be overcome when the positive curvature which initially exists at a facet/rough surface boundary reverses as a result of neck growth. This latter effect offers an explanation for neck rupture which is consistent with the experimental results. In addition to providing an explanation for this phenomenon, the analyses presented here also demonstrate that surface phase boundaries and step energy barriers can have a significant effect on microstructure evolution during solid-state sintering.
Nanoscale surface patterning by adsorbate-induced faceting and selective growth: NaCl on Cu(211)
Riemann, Andreas
against lateral pattern formation on the nanometer scale. Cu(2 1 1) is a vicinal surface with (1 1 1 microscopy; Faceting; Surface structure, morphology, roughness, and topography; Copper; Alkali halides
Catastrophic optical degradation of the output facet of high-power single-transverse-mode diode lasers. 1. Physical model
Miftakhutdinov, D R; Bogatov, Alexandr P; Drakin, A E [P N Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow (Russian Federation)
The physical model of catastrophic optical degradation (COD) of the output facet of high-power single- transverse-mode diode lasers is developed. The model excels other models both in completeness of the physical analysis of the processes leading to COD and in allowance for design feature of lasers used to increase the COD threshold - protective coating of the output facet and current limitations near it. (lasers)
Computational Investigation of the Thermochemistry and Kinetics of Steam Methane Reforming Over a MultiFaceted Nickel Catalyst
D. Wayne Blaylock; Yi-An Zhu; William H. Green
A microkinetic model of steam methane reforming over a multi-faceted nickel surface using plane-wave, periodic boundary condition\\u000a density functional theory is presented. The multi-faceted model consists of a Ni(111) surface, a Ni(100) surface, and nickel\\u000a step edge sites that are modeled as a Ni(211) surface. Flux and sensitivity analysis are combined to gain an increased understanding\\u000a of the important reactions,
Universal Behavior of the Equilibrium Crystal Shape near the Facet Edge. I. A Generalized Terrace-Step-Kink Model
Takao Yamamoto; Yasuhiro Akutsu; Noriko Akutsu
A generalized version of the terrace-step-kink (TSK) model is introduced to study in detail the shape of a crystal near the facet edge. The model is analyzed by the transfer-matrix method combined with the lattice fermion approach. As a result, behavior of the curvature near the facet edge is found to have unexpected new features: finite Gaussian curvature jump with
[Allergy to cosmetics. II. Preservatives].
Kie?-Swierczy?ska, Marta; Krecisz, Beata; Swierczy?ska-Machura, Dominika
Disinfectants are essential components of body care preparations, household goods and industrial products. They inhibit growth of bacteria and fungi. Esters of parahydroxybenzoate acid and products that release small amounts of formaldehyde (Germal 115, Germal II, Dovicil 200, Bronopol, DMDM hydantoine) were most frequently used in the past. In the 1980s, Katon CG (5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one + 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one) evoked the epidemics of contact dermatitis in Sweden, Finland, Germany, Italy and The Netherlands. In the next years, allergy to another preservative, Euxyl K 400 was dramatically growing. Studies carried out in 11 European countries showed that hypersensitivity increased from 0.7% in 1991 to 3.5% in 2000. It was revealed that not only cosmetics left on the skin sensitize, but also those washable. Apart from preservatives, allergic reactions are induced by emulgators, antioxidants, moisteners, lubricants, stabilizers and stickers. PMID:15493505
The objective of this project was to evaluate the potential synergistic combinations of environmentally-safe biocides as wood preservatives. These wood preservatives could be potential replacements for the heavy-metal based CCA. Didecyldimethylammonium chloride [DDAC] was...
76 FR 60754 - Preserving the Open Internet
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
...FCC 10-201] Preserving the Open Internet AGENCY: Federal Communications Commission...establishing rules to preserve the open Internet. Inadvertently the wrong paragraph was...complaints alleging violations of the open Internet rules. Federal Communications...
Distance Preserving Flattening of Surface Sections
Hersch, Roger D.
at interactive rates, allowing users to displace their focus point while visualizing the resulting flattened extraction, distance preserving surface flattening, interactive multiresolution flattening. ć 1 INTRODUCTION cartographic projections (Section 6). The first flattening method (Section 4) preserves distances along curves
Acid preservation systems for food products
Tiberio, J. E.; Cirigiano, M. C.
Fumaric acid is used in combination with critical amounts of acetic acid to preserve acid containing food products from microbiological spoilage in the absence of or at reduced levels of chemical preservative.
Technical Information/Website Preservation
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
PintoRey, Christian R.
This document reviews the work of the author in NASA's Motivating Undergraduates in Science and Technology (MUST) internship. The intern worked on the Space Shuttles hydraulic systems (i.e., Auxiliary Power Units (APU's) and Hydraulic Pump Units (HPU's)), and website preservation of the hydraulic technology captured in websites relating to the coming.the Space Shuttle Retirement. Several figures and pictures show an overview of the orbiter's hydraulic systems
Update on Dark Sky Preservation
D. L. Crawford
The efforts to protect dark skies for astronomy and for the public are accelerating. An increasing number of cities and states are considering and enacting outdoor lighting control ordinances. Examples of such lighting codes and a model code are available from the International Dark-Sky Association's Web page, at www.darksky.org. There will be a major meeting on Preserving the Astronomical Environment,
Privacy Preserving Online Reputation Systems
Marco Voss
Reputation systems evolve as a mechanism to build trust in dynamic electronic societies. However, they are also a danger to\\u000a privacy because they monitor a user' s behavior. At the same time reputation systems offer the possibility to limit the information\\u000a a user has to give away during a transaction to ensure accountablity.Privacy preserving reputation systems solve the conflict\\u000a between
Privacy-Preserving Linear Fisher Discriminant Analysis
Shuguo Han; Wee Keong Ng
Privacy-preserving data mining enables two or more parties to collaboratively perform data mining while preserving the data\\u000a privacy of the participating parties. So far, various data mining and machine learning algorithms have been enhanced to incorporate\\u000a privacy preservation. In this paper, we propose privacy-preserving solutions for Fisher Discriminant Analysis (FDA) over horizontally\\u000a and vertically partitioned data. FDA is one of
New Joint Sealants. Criteria, Design and Materials.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Building Research Inst., Inc., Washington, DC.
Contents include--(1) sealing concrete joints, (2) sealing glass and metal joints, (3) metal and glass joint sealants from a fabricator's viewpoint, (4) a theory of adhesion for joint sealants, (5) geometry of simple joint seals under strain, (6) joint sealant specifications from a manufacturer's viewpoint, (7) joint sealant requirements from an…
Biochemical markers of ongoing joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis - current and future applications, limitations and opportunities
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease associated with potentially debilitating joint inflammation, as well as altered skeletal bone metabolism and co-morbid conditions. Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment to control disease activity offers the highest likelihood of preserving function and preventing disability. Joint inflammation is characterized by synovitis, osteitis, and/or peri-articular osteopenia, often accompanied by development of subchondral bone erosions, as well as progressive joint space narrowing. Biochemical markers of joint cartilage and bone degradation may enable timely detection and assessment of ongoing joint damage, and their use in facilitating treatment strategies is under investigation. Early detection of joint damage may be assisted by the characterization of biochemical markers that identify patients whose joint damage is progressing rapidly and who are thus most in need of aggressive treatment, and that, alone or in combination, identify those individuals who are likely to respond best to a potential treatment, both in terms of limiting joint damage and relieving symptoms. The aims of this review are to describe currently available biochemical markers of joint metabolism in relation to the pathobiology of joint damage and systemic bone loss in RA; to assess the limitations of, and need for additional, novel biochemical markers in RA and other rheumatic diseases, and the strategies used for assay development; and to examine the feasibility of advancement of personalized health care using biochemical markers to select therapeutic agents to which a patient is most likely to respond. PMID:21539724
Design Preserving Garment Transfer Remi Brouet13
Design Preserving Garment Transfer Remi Brouet13 Alla Sheffer2 Laurence Boissieux3 Marie-Paule Cani13 1 Grenoble University 2 University of British Columbia 3 INRIA Figure 1: Design preserving garment-preserving trans- fer of garments between characters with different body shapes. For real-life garments
Coverage Preserving Redundancy Elimination in Sensor Networks
Carbunar, Bogdan
to improving energy efficiency, while preserving the network's coverage. We also examine the impact to this as the coverage-preserving, energy-efficient redundancy elimination problem. Fig. 1 illustrates an exampleCoverage Preserving Redundancy Elimination in Sensor Networks Bogdan Carbunar, Ananth Grama, Jan
Incentive Compatible Privacy-Preserving Data Analysis
Kantarcioglu, Murat
Incentive Compatible Privacy-Preserving Data Analysis Murat Kantarcioglu and Wei Jiang Abstract-preserving distributed data analysis (PPDA) tasks to learn beneficial data models or analysis results. Most often to design incentive compatible privacy-preserving data analysis techniques that motivate participating
Implementing Preservation Strategies for Complex Multimedia Objects
Jane Hunter; Sharmin Choudhury
Abstract. Addressing the preservation and long-term access issues for digital resources is one of the key challenges facing informational organisations such as libraries, archives, cultural institutions and government agencies today. A number of major initiatives and projects have been established to investigate or develop strategies for preserving the burgeoning amounts of digital content being produced. To date, the alternative preservation
Commission on Preservation and Access Newsletter, 1996.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Commission on Preservation and Access Newsletter, 1996
The Commission on Preservation and Access was established to foster and support collaboration among libraries and allied organizations in order to ensure the preservation of the published and documentary record in all formats and to provide enhanced access to scholarly information. The Commission's newsletter keeps preservation and access…
7 CFR 782.14 - Identity preservation.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
...2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Identity preservation. 782.14 Section 782...End-Use Certificate Program § 782.14 Identity preservation. (a) The importer...the imported wheat shall preserve the identity of the Canadian-produced...
7 CFR 782.14 - Identity preservation.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
...2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Identity preservation. 782.14 Section 782...End-Use Certificate Program § 782.14 Identity preservation. (a) The importer...the imported wheat shall preserve the identity of the Canadian-produced...
7 CFR 782.14 - Identity preservation.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
...2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Identity preservation. 782.14 Section 782...End-Use Certificate Program § 782.14 Identity preservation. (a) The importer...the imported wheat shall preserve the identity of the Canadian-produced...
7 CFR 782.14 - Identity preservation.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
...2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Identity preservation. 782.14 Section 782...End-Use Certificate Program § 782.14 Identity preservation. (a) The importer...the imported wheat shall preserve the identity of the Canadian-produced...
7 CFR 782.14 - Identity preservation.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
...2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Identity preservation. 782.14 Section 782...End-Use Certificate Program § 782.14 Identity preservation. (a) The importer...the imported wheat shall preserve the identity of the Canadian-produced...
Detecting Preserved Eggshell Crack Using Machine Vision
Wang Fang; Wen Youxian
As preserved egg is becoming an important branch of egg processing industry, how to detect the crack on preserved eggshell through a fast and nondestructive method is an important segment of improving the quality of the preserved egg. This paper analyzed the different kinds of image processing methods based on the machine vision technology. It was concluded that the morphological
Preservation Assessment and Disaster Response Plan.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Wisdom, Mark
This paper addresses the preservation needs unique to small libraries, where the majority of special collections exist. A preservation survey of the Herrick Memorial Library (Wellington, OH) was conducted to ascertain the condition of its 45,000 holdings and develop a practical low-cost disaster plan. Using accepted preservation survey criteria,…
Local control of area-preserving maps
Cristel Chandre; Michel Vittot; Guido Ciraolo
We present a method of control of chaos in area-preserving maps. This method gives an explicit expression of a control term which is added to a given area-preserving map. The resulting controlled map which is a small and suitable modification of the original map, is again area-preserving and has an invariant curve whose equation is explicitly known.
The Preservation of Paper Collections in Archives.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Adams, Cynthia Ann
The preservation methods used for paper collections in archives were studied through a survey of archives in the metropolitan Atlanta (Georgia) area. The preservation policy or program was studied, and the implications for conservators and preservation officers were noted. Twelve of 15 archives responded (response rate of 80 percent). Basic…
Constraints on the Preservation of Ferriferous Microfossils
Susan Glasauer; Al Mattes; Andreas Gehring
ABSTRACT:The taphonomy of ancient microbial communities is understood via rare windows of microbes that are successfully entombed and preserved in the fossil record. Laboratory investigations using live bacterial cultures, combined with observations on microfossils preserved in ferriferous oolitic beds formed around 161 million years ago, were used to constrain conditions that are conducive to preservation by mineralization. Lab experiments confirmed
Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve Annual Report 200506
Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve Annual Report 200506 #12;Contents From the Faculty Director In Memoriam............................................33 The mission of Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve of the preserve's resources. #12; M y core reflection on the past year is one of gratitude--for the generous
Pavlov, Dmitry
STRUCTURE-PRESERVING DISCRETIZATION OF INCOMPRESSIBLE FLUIDS D. PAVLOV , P. MULLEN , Y. TONG , E- tonian descriptions of fluid dynamics where the configuration space is defined as the volume-preserving preservation in mind, and often suffer from spurious numerical artifacts such as energy and circulation drift
Positivity-Preserving for Continuum Gyrokinetic and
Hammett, Greg
Positivity-Preserving Algorithms for Continuum Gyrokinetic and Gyrofluid Simulations of Edge Plasma turbulence. Spectral methods and Arakawa finite differencing have the useful property of exactly preserving WENO/UNO, the Suresh-Huynh 5th order algorithm, and a recent extremum-preserving 4th order method [P
PREDON Scientific Data Preservation 2014
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Diaconu, C.; Kraml, S.; Surace, C.; Chateigner, D.; Libourel, T.; Laurent, A.; Lin, Y.; Schaming, M.; Benbernou, S.; Lebbah, M.; Boucon, D.; Cérin, C.; Azzag, H.; Mouron, P.; Nief, J.-Y.; Coutin, S.; Beckmann, V.
Scientific data collected with modern sensors or dedicated detectors exceed very often the perimeter of the initial scientific design. These data are obtained more and more frequently with large material and human efforts. A large class of scientific experiments are in fact unique because of their large scale, with very small chances to be repeated and to superseded by new experiments in the same domain: for instance high energy physics and astrophysics experiments involve multi-annual developments and a simple duplication of efforts in order to reproduce old data is simply not affordable. Other scientific experiments are in fact unique by nature: earth science, medical sciences etc. since the collected data is "time-stamped" and thereby non-reproducible by new experiments or observations. In addition, scientific data collection increased dramatically in the recent years, participating to the so-called "data deluge" and inviting for common reflection in the context of "big data" investigations. The new knowledge obtained using these data should be preserved long term such that the access and the re-use are made possible and lead to an enhancement of the initial investment. Data observatories, based on open access policies and coupled with multi-disciplinary techniques for indexing and mining may lead to truly new paradigms in science. It is therefore of outmost importance to pursue a coherent and vigorous approach to preserve the scientific data at long term. The preservation remains nevertheless a challenge due to the complexity of the data structure, the fragility of the custom-made software environments as well as the lack of rigorous approaches in workflows and algorithms. To address this challenge, the PREDON project has been initiated in France in 2012 within the MASTODONS program: a Big Data scientific challenge, initiated and supported by the Interdisciplinary Mission of the National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS). PREDON is a study group formed by researchers from different disciplines and institutes. Several meetings and workshops lead to a rich exchange in ideas, paradigms and methods. The present document includes contributions of the participants to the PREDON Study Group, as well as invited papers, related to the scientific case, methodology and technology. This document should be read as a "facts finding" resource pointing to a concrete and significant scientific interest for long term research data preservation, as well as to cutting edge methods and technologies to achieve this goal. A sustained, coherent and long term action in the area of scientific data preservation would be highly beneficial.
Joint for deployable structures
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Craighead, N. D., II; Preliasco, R. J.; Hult, T. D. (inventors)
A joint is described for connecting a pair of beams to pivot them between positions in alignment or beside one another, which is of light weight and which operates in a controlled manner. The joint includes a pair of fittings and at least one center link having opposite ends pivotally connected to opposite fittings and having axes that pass through centerplates of the fittings. A control link having opposite ends pivotally connected to the different fittings controls their relative orientations, and a toggle assemly holds the fittings in the deployed configuration wherein they are aligned. The fittings have stops that lie on one side of the centerplane opposite the toggle assembly.
48 CFR 211.272 - Alternate preservation, packaging, and packing.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
...272 Alternate preservation, packaging, and packing. Use the provision...211-7004, Alternate Preservation, Packaging, and Packing, in solicitations which include military preservation, packaging, or packing specifications...
48 CFR 211.272 - Alternate preservation, packaging, and packing.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
...272 Alternate preservation, packaging, and packing. Use the provision...211-7004, Alternate Preservation, Packaging, and Packing, in solicitations which include military preservation, packaging, or packing specifications...
48 CFR 211.272 - Alternate preservation, packaging, and packing.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
...272 Alternate preservation, packaging, and packing. Use the provision...211-7004, Alternate Preservation, Packaging, and Packing, in solicitations which include military preservation, packaging, or packing specifications...
200 BULLETIN O F THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. To preserve fish indefinitely in glass jars, observe the allowing direc-
200 BULLETIN O F THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. To preserve fish indefinitely in glass jars amply, without bending or `distortingit in any way; put in the fish with the tail down in nearly all glass stopples. It is best to use no kind @f sealing wax to coat the joint of the stopple; simply wipe
828revision:2005-06-09modified:2007-02-18 PRESERVING PRESERVATION
Shelah, Saharon
828revision:2005-06-09modified:2007-02-18 PRESERVING PRESERVATION JAKOB KELLNER AND SAHARON SHELAH Abstract. We prove that the property "P doesn't make the old reals Lebesgue null" is preserved under that such requirements are needed (this is argued in section 4). Preservation theorems of this kind have proven
Vandermonde-form Preserving Matrices And The Generalized Signal Richness Preservation Problem
Vaidyanathan, P. P.
Vandermonde-form Preserving Matrices And The Generalized Signal Richness Preservation Problem preservation problem, is addressed and studied. In order to solve the problem, a special class of square matrices, namely the "Vandermonde-form preserving" (VFP) matrices, is introduced and found to be highly
Checklist to Host a Food Preservation Workshop Establish your Food Preservation Workshop Committee.
Checklist to Host a Food Preservation Workshop Establish your Food Preservation Workshop Committee form. Use state-wide tool at http://fcsagents.tamu.edu/food_and_nutrition/food-preservation/preserving or school with kitchen facilities for demonstration and food preparation). Consider also number of possible
NSDL National Science Digital Library
Juliet Crider
Joints are very important to problems in applied geology (fluid flow, slope stability), but three-dimensional exposures of simple joint sets are not readily accessible from my campus. I developed this exercise based on the experiments of Miller (2001) to give students hands-on practice describing and interpreting joints. For the exercise, I prepare a cornstarch-water mixture a few days in advance and pour it into plastic petri dishes. I add a "flaw" to each dish (typically a small pebble). As the cornstarch dries, vertical joints develop. In class, each group of 3-4 students is provided a petri dish of desiccated cornstarch. Students are asked to draw a map of the joints, paying particular attention to intersection angles. (The joints curve to intersect at 90 degrees.) They determine relative ages of the joints using abutting relationships. (Typically 3-6 generations of joints.) Students next dissect the sample and describe the surface textures of the larger joints and the location of the flaw. The cornstarch produces beautiful plumose structure (hackles). Students then interpret the joint propagation direction from the surface textures, and note the origin of the joint. (Typically, a first- or second-generation joint initiates at the flaw.) Students discuss the role of flaws in the initiation of joints in their groups.
Guides to pollution prevention: Wood preserving industry
Not Available
The guide provides an overview of the wood preserving industry and presents options for minimizing waste generation through source reduction and recycling. Treatment with both oilborne and waterborne preservatives is discussed in the guide. However, because in the United States, the majority of wood is treated with chromated copper arsenate, the guide focuses on waterborne preservatives. Process wastewater surface runoff water, and sludge are possible sources of contamination in the wood preserving industry, although in waterborne processes the majority of wastewater is reused. Process wastewater includes water from conditioning, kiln drying, treated wood washing, accumulations in doors or retort sumps, preservative formulation recovery, and rinsing.
Siebert, O.W.
A plasma arc spray overlay of cladding metals is used over joints between clad metal pieces to provide a continuous cladding metal surface. The technique permits applying an overlay of a high melting point cladding metal to a cladding metal surface without excessive heating of the backing metal.
Technology Transfer Automated Retrieval System (TEKTRAN)
Cartilage is a special type of connective tissue that is of extreme importance in embryonic development, serving as the model upon which true bone is later formed. Cartilage also persists in adult animals, primarily as articular cartilage which cushions the interface between adjacent bones or joint...
Joint publication: Department of
Watson, Craig A.
century. The first law to protect consumers was passed in 1906, and Charles Dadant is credited with getJoint publication: Florida Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services University of Florida Florida Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services 1911 SW 34 Street PO Box 147100 Gainesville, FL
Dolphin Skeleton (Gliding Joint)
NSDL National Science Digital Library
Ketan Patel (California State University, Fullerton; )
The dolphin is built to be sleek. Its body is made of almost entirely backbone (a gliding joint) which makes it very flexible under water. The ribs protect the inner organs of the dolphin and the tail beats from side to side, thrusting the animal forward.
Miall, Chris
: The Joint Honours African Studies degree programme at Birmingham is broad, combining arts and social Office - Retail management - Aid work with Save the Children - Probation work - Welfare rights worker - Computer programmer - NGO work in Kurdistan - Work with adults who have learning disabilities - Research
Joint Institute Marine and Atmospheric
Hawai'i at Manoa, University of
Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research NATIONALOCEA NIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION Contribution 00-328 #12;ii This research is funded by Cooperative Agreement Number NA67RJ0154 between the Joint
Minimally invasive sacroiliac joint fusion: one-year outcomes in 40 patients.
Sachs, Donald; Capobianco, Robyn
Background. SI joint pain is difficult to diagnose due to overlapping symptoms of the lumbar spine, and until recently, treatment options have been limited. The purpose of this retrospective study is to report on the safety and effectiveness of MIS SI joint arthrodesis using a series of triangular, porous plasma coated implants in patients refractory to conservative care. Methods. We report on the first 40 consecutive patients with one-year follow-up data that underwent MIS SI joint fusion with the iFuse Implant System (SI-BONE, Inc., San Jose, CA) by a single surgeon. Medical charts were reviewed for demographics, perioperative metrics, complications, pain scores, and satisfaction. Results. Mean age was 58 years (range 30-81) and 75% of patients were female. Postoperative complications were minimal and included transient trochanteric bursitis (5%), facet joint pain (20%), and new low back pain (2.5%). There were no reoperations at one year. Mean pain score improved from 8.7 (1.5 SD) at baseline to 0.9 (1.6) at 12 months, a 7.8-point improvement (P < .001). Patient satisfaction was very high. Conclusions. The results of this case series reveal that MIS SI joint fusion using the iFuse Implant System is a safe and effective treatment option in carefully selected patients. PMID:23997957
Polarization preservation in the AGS
Ratner, L.G.
The successful operation of a high energy polarized beam at the Argonne Zero Gradient Synchrotron (ZGS) with the concommitant development of depolarizing resonance correction techniques has led to the present project of commissioning such a beam at the Brookhaven Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS). A description of the project was presented at the 1981 National Accelerator Conference. I would like to now present a more detailed description of how we plan to preserve the polarization during acceleration, and to present our game plan for tuning through some 50 resonances and reaching our goal of a 26 GeV polarized proton beam with greater than 60% polarization.
Cellular Pressure-Actuated Joint
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
McGuire, John R.
A modification of a pressure-actuated joint has been proposed to improve its pressure actuation in such a manner as to reduce the potential for leakage of the pressurizing fluid. The specific joint for which the modification is proposed is a field joint in a reusable solid-fuel rocket motor (RSRM), in which the pressurizing fluid is a mixture of hot combustion gases. The proposed modification could also be applicable to other pressure-actuated joints of similar configuration.
Vacuum Bellows, Vacuum Piping, Cryogenic Break, and Copper Joint Failure Rate Estimates for ITER Design Use
L. C. Cadwallader
The ITER international project design teams are working to produce an engineering design in preparation for construction of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) tokamak. During the course of this work, questions have arisen in regard to safety barriers and equipment reliability as important facets of system design. The vacuum system designers have asked several questions about the reliability of vacuum bellows and vacuum piping. The vessel design team has asked about the reliability of electrical breaks and copper-copper joints used in cryogenic piping. Research into operating experiences of similar equipment has been performed to determine representative failure rates for these components. The following chapters give the research results and the findings for vacuum system bellows, power plant stainless steel piping (amended to represent vacuum system piping), cryogenic system electrical insulating breaks, and copper joints.
Preservation and Conservation Online Resources for Training and Research
Stowell, Michael
Preservation and Conservation Online Resources for Training and Research AIC American Institute of training opportunities and interest groups that focus on Preservation issues. Among these are: Lists/e-mail discussion groups: PADG Preservation Administrators Discussion Group (aka Preservation Administrators
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Nield, George C. (Editor); Vorobiev, Pavel Mikhailovich (Editor)
This report consists of inputs from each of the Phase I Program Joint Working Groups. The Working Groups were tasked to describe the organizational structure and work processes that they used during the program, joint accomplishments, lessons learned, and applications to the International Space Station Program. This report is a top-level joint reference document that contains information of interest to both countries.
Joint Communiqu Progress against the
1 Joint Communiqué Progress against the Joint Statement of Cooperation between Kalimantan Timur the Joint Statement of Cooperation of 16 September 2010 designed to develop closer ties between Kalimantan the following areas: Livestock Following the 2010 Livestock Workshop held in Balikpapan, a Kalimantan Timur
Joint Seminar UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA
Wang, Lily
Joint Seminar UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS DEPARTMENT OF EPIDEMIOLOGY longitudinal covariates are involved in the modeling of the survival data. A joint likelihood approach has been data. However, in the presence of left truncation, there are additional challenges for the joint
JOINT PERFORMANCE Guide for Optimum
July 2012 JOINT PERFORMANCE Guide for Optimum of Concrete Pavements #12; #12;Guide for Optimum Joint Performance of Concrete Pavements i Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Report Date Guide for Optimum Joint Performance of Concrete Pavements July 2012 6. Performing
Faceting via correlated disorder of a stochastically growing interface or domain boundary
Lyuksyutov, Igor F.; Everts, HU.
superconductor with so-called columnar ~correlated! dis- order. We discuss this relation briefly in Sec. V. Faceting via correlated disorder of a stochasticall Igor F. Lyuksyuto Department of Physics, Texas A&M University H.-U. Institut fu?r Theoretische... analysis ~see, Refs. 23, 22, and 17!. Consider a region with characteristic scale r . From Eq. ~4! we conclude that h scales with r as h}rx, and the nonlinear term in the modified KPZ equation @Eq. ~1!# as u?hu2}r2x22. According to Eq. ~3!, the integral...
Final Report for the "Fusion Application for Core-Edge Transport Simulations (FACETS)"
Cary, John R; Kruger, Scott
The FACETS project over its lifetime developed the first self-consistent core-edge coupled capabilities, a new transport solver for modeling core transport in tokamak cores, developed a new code for modeling wall physics over long time scales, and significantly improved the capabilities and performance of legacy components, UEDGE, NUBEAM, GLF23, GYRO, and BOUT++. These improved capabilities leveraged the team's expertise in applied mathematics (solvers and algorithms) and computer science (performance improvements and language interoperability). The project pioneered new methods for tackling the complexity of simulating the concomitant complexity of tokamak experiments.
Coadsorption of lithium and oxygen on W(1 1 2): nanosized facets versus single crystals.
Suchorski, Y; Hupalo, M S
Coadsorption of lithium and oxygen on a nanosized W-tip is studied using field ion appearance energy spectroscopy (FIAES). Binding energies of coadsorbed Li-adatoms are derived locally for chosen atomic sites on (1 1 2) facets for different oxygen and Li-coverages. Independently, the binding energies of Li-adatoms in coadsorbed Li/oxygen layers are determined for macroscopic W(1 1 2) single crystal samples from the adsorption isobars in adsorption-desorption equilibrium experiments and compared with the local nm-scale measurements. The comparison reveals a very good agreement of results obtained by two different methods on differing length scales. PMID:21664538
Reflections on the four facets of symmetry: how physics exemplifies rational thinking
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Mouchet, Amaury
In contemporary theoretical physics, the powerful notion of symmetry stands for a web of intricate meanings among which I identify four clusters associated with the notion of transformation, comprehension, invariance and projection. While their interrelations are examined closely these four facets of symmetry are scrutinised one after the other in great detail. This decomposition allows us to carefully examine the multiple different roles symmetry plays in many places in physics. Furthermore, some connections with other disciplines like neurobiology, epistemology, cognitive sciences and, not least, philosophy are proposed in an attempt to show that symmetry can be an organising principle also in these fields.
47 CFR 76.912 - Joint certification.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
...912 Joint certification. (a) Franchising authorities may apply for joint...data collection, and ratemaking. Franchising authorities jointly certified to regulate...independent rate decisions. (b) Franchising authorities may apply for joint...
47 CFR 76.912 - Joint certification.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
...912 Joint certification. (a) Franchising authorities may apply for joint...data collection, and ratemaking. Franchising authorities jointly certified to regulate...independent rate decisions. (b) Franchising authorities may apply for joint...
Joint Degrees & Promotion towards European Students
Di Pillo, Gianni
Joint Degrees & Promotion towards European Students 26 June 2014 MATTEA CAPELLI & ALESSANDRA GALLERANO INTERNATIONAL OFFICE #12;Joint Degrees and Promotion towards European students Joint degrees guidelines and template for agreements Support to student participation Promotion of Joint Degrees towards
Allergic contact dermatitis to preservatives.
Timm-Knudson, Vickie L; Johnson, Janis S; Ortiz, Karel J; Yiannias, James A
In summary, a wide variety of skin care products contain preservatives. Patients who are allergic to one of these preservatives may have either localized or widespread dermatitis. Affected patients may find it difficult to avoid thimerosal without the help of the health care provider because the use of these allergens is so widespread. Patch testing is an invaluable tool for patients who struggle with dermatitis. Antigen-avoidance lists that facilitate patient education about what products to avoid are available from the manufacturers of patch test allergens (for example, TRUE Test or Chemotechnique). These lists are helpful starting points for patients in that they provide general categories (for example, shampoos, soaps, or creams) of products that the patient should avoid. With these printed guidelines alone, patients must read skin care product labels carefully, looking for the names of their allergens as identified by patch tests as well as for any synonyms and cross-reactors of these allergens. Thus, patients may feel overwhelmed by hearing the names of allergens that are long and complex. After an allergen has been identified, the nurse can play a key role in helping patients understand their dermatitis and its management. Nurses are in a unique position to spend time educating patients about how to uncover the sources of specific allergens and, subsequently, how to avoid them. The Contact Allergen Replacement Database can help in this educational process by giving patients a shopping list of specific items that are free of the specific allergens causing their allergic contact dermatitis. PMID:16708674
Facet-dependent stripping behavior of cu2 o microcrystals toward lead ions: a rational design for the determination of lead ions.
Liu, Zhong-Gang; Sun, Yu-Feng; Chen, Wen-Kai; Kong, Yuan; Jin, Zhen; Chen, Xing; Zheng, Xiao; Liu, Jin-Huai; Huang, Xing-Jiu; Yu, Shu-Hong
Facet-dependent stripping behavior in the determination of Pb(II): Well-defined Cu2 O microcrystals with different structures show facet-dependent electrochemical behaviors toward heavy metal ions. This provides an important insight into the understanding the efficiency of facet-dependent properties of microcrystals on electroanalytical performance for the rational design of electrochemical analytical techniques for efficient detection of heavy metal ions. PMID:25630388
Digital Creation and Preservation Working Group Plan and oversee implementation for the Libraries' digital preservation program, particularly in relation
Schweik, Charles M.
Digital Creation and Preservation Working Group Charge: Plan and oversee implementation for the Libraries' digital preservation program, particularly in relation to the Libraries' unique resources content creation and preservation. · Inventory current practices related to digital preservation
Broad bandwidth or high fidelity? Evidence from the structure of genetic and environmental effects on the facets of the five factor model.
Briley, Daniel A; Tucker-Drob, Elliot M
The Five Factor Model of personality is well-established at the phenotypic level, but much less is known about the coherence of the genetic and environmental influences within each personality domain. Univariate behavioral genetic analyses have consistently found the influence of additive genes and nonshared environment on multiple personality facets, but the extent to which genetic and environmental influences on specific facets reflect more general influences on higher order factors is less clear. We applied a multivariate quantitative-genetic approach to scores on the CPI-Big Five facets for 490 monozygotic and 317 dizygotic twins who took part in the National Merit Twin Study. Our results revealed a complex genetic structure for facets composing all five factors, with both domain-general and facet-specific genetic and environmental influences. For three of the Big Five domains, models that required common genetic and environmental influences on each facet to occur by way of effects on a higher order trait did not fit as well as models allowing for common genetic and environmental effects to act directly on the facets. These results add to the growing body of literature indicating that important variation in personality occurs at the facet level which may be overshadowed by aggregating to the trait level. Research at the facet level, rather than the factor level, is likely to have pragmatic advantages in future research on the genetics of personality. PMID:22695681
Achieving joint benefits from joint implementation
Moomaw, W.R. [Tufts Univ., Medford, MA (United States)
Joint Implementation (JI) appears to have been born with Applied Energy Services Guatemala project in 1988. That project, to plant 52 million trees, protect existing forests from cutting and fire, and enhance rural development, is being implemented by CARE Guatemala to offset 120 per cent of the emissions of a small coal burning power plant that has been built in Connecticut. Since that time, several utilities and governments have initiated additional projects. Not all of these necessarily consist of tree planting in other countries, but may consist of energy efficiency or energy conservation programs designed to reduce carbon emissions by at least as much as the additional releases from a new facility. All JI projects share the characteristic of linking the release of greenhouse gases in an industrial country with an offset that reduces or absorbs a comparable amount in another country. The emitter in the industrial country is willing to pay for the reduction elsewhere because costs are less than they would be at home.
Laboratory characterization of rock joints
Hsiung, S.M.; Kana, D.D.; Ahola, M.P.; Chowdhury, A.H.; Ghosh, A. [Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX (United States). Center for Nuclear Waste Regulatory Analyses
A laboratory characterization of the Apache Leap tuff joints under cyclic pseudostatic and dynamic loads has been undertaken to obtain a better understanding of dynamic joint shear behavior and to generate a complete data set that can be used for validation of existing rock-joint models. Study has indicated that available methods for determining joint roughness coefficient (JRC) significantly underestimate the roughness coefficient of the Apache Leap tuff joints, that will lead to an underestimation of the joint shear strength. The results of the direct shear tests have indicated that both under cyclic pseudostatic and dynamic loadings the joint resistance upon reverse shearing is smaller than that of forward shearing and the joint dilation resulting from forward shearing recovers during reverse shearing. Within the range of variation of shearing velocity used in these tests, the shearing velocity effect on rock-joint behavior seems to be minor, and no noticeable effect on the peak joint shear strength and the joint shear strength for the reverse shearing is observed.
Collective and joint intention
Raimo Tuomela; Joint Intentions
The paper discussed and analyzes collective and joint intentions of various strength. Thus there are subjectively shared collective\\u000a intentions and intersubjectively shared collective intentions as well as collective intentions which are objectively and intersubjectively\\u000a shared. The distinction between collective and private intentions is considered from several points of view. Especially, it\\u000a is emphasized that collective intentions in the full sense
Joint measurements and Bell inequalities
Wonmin Son; Erika Andersson; Stephem M. Barnett; M. S. Kim
Joint quantum measurements of non-commuting observables are possible, if one accepts an increase in the measured variances. A necessary condition for a joint measurement to be possible is that a joint probability distribution exists for the measurement. This fact suggests that there may be a link with Bell inequalities, as these will be satisfied if and only if a joint probability distribution for all involved observables exists. We investigate the connections between Bell inequalities and conditions for joint quantum measurements to be possible. Mermin's inequality for the three-particle Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state turns out to be equivalent to the condition for a joint measurement on two out of the three quantum systems to exist. Gisin's Bell inequality for three co-planar measurement directions, meanwhile, is shown to be less strict than the condition for the corresponding joint measurement.
Arthroscopic Osteochondral Grafting for Radiocarpal Joint Defects
Ho, Pak-cheong; Tse, Wing-Iim; Wong, Clar Wing-Yee; Chow, Esther Ching-San
Background Focal chondral lesion is a common cause of chronic wrist pain. The best treatment remains unknown. We have developed a technique of arthroscopic transplantation of an osteochondral autograft from the knee joint to the distal radius with satisfactory clinical results. Materials and Methods Between December 2006 and December 2010, four patients (average age 31 years) with posttraumatic osteochondral lesions over the dorsal lunate fossa were treated with arthroscopic osteochondral grafting. Pre- and postoperative motion, grip strength, wrist functional performance score, pain score, and return to work status were charted. Postoperative computed tomography (CT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and second-look arthroscopy were performed to assess graft incorporation. Description of Technique With the arthroscope in the 3-4 portal, synovitis over the dorsal lunate fossa was débrided to uncover the underlying osteochondral lesion. We employed the 6-mm trephine of the Osteoarticular Transfer System (OATS) to remove the osteochondral defect. Osteochondral graft was harvested from the lateral femoral condyle and delivered into the wrist joint arthroscopically. Results In all cases, grafts incorporation was completed by 3-4 months postoperative. All patients showed improvement in the wrist performance score (preoperative 27.5, postoperative 39 out of 40) with no pain on final follow-up at average 48.5 months (range 24-68 months). Grip strength improved from 62.6 to 98.2% of the contralateral side. Motion improved from 115.5 to 131.3°. X-ray images showed preserved joint space. Patient satisfaction was high with no complication. Conclusion An arthroscopic-assisted transfer of an osteochondral graft is a viable treatment option for chondral defects of the distal radius. PMID:24436819
Highly exposed {001} facets of titanium dioxide modified with reduced graphene oxide for dopamine sensing.
How, Gregory Thien Soon; Pandikumar, Alagarsamy; Ming, Huang Nay; Ngee, Lim Hong
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) with highly exposed {001} facets was synthesized through a facile solvo-thermal method and its surface was decorated by using reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets. The morphology and chemical composition of the prepared rGO/TiO2 {001} nanocomposite were examined by using suitable characterization techniques. The rGO/TiO2 {001} nanocomposite was used to modify glassy carbon electrode (GCE), which showed higher electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of dopamine (DA) and ascorbic acid (AA), when compared to unmodified GCE. The differential pulse voltammetric studies revealed good sensitivity and selectivity nature of the rGO/TiO2 {001} nanocomposite modified GCE for the detection of DA in the presence of AA. The modified GCE exhibited a low electrochemical detection limit of 6??M over the linear range of 2-60??M. Overall, this work provides a simple platform for the development of GCE modified with rGO/TiO2 {001} nanocomposite with highly exposed {001} facets for potential electrochemical sensing applications. PMID:24853929
Highly exposed {001} facets of titanium dioxide modified with reduced graphene oxide for dopamine sensing
How, Gregory Thien Soon; Pandikumar, Alagarsamy; Ming, Huang Nay; Ngee, Lim Hong
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) with highly exposed {001} facets was synthesized through a facile solvo-thermal method and its surface was decorated by using reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets. The morphology and chemical composition of the prepared rGO/TiO2 {001} nanocomposite were examined by using suitable characterization techniques. The rGO/TiO2 {001} nanocomposite was used to modify glassy carbon electrode (GCE), which showed higher electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of dopamine (DA) and ascorbic acid (AA), when compared to unmodified GCE. The differential pulse voltammetric studies revealed good sensitivity and selectivity nature of the rGO/TiO2 {001} nanocomposite modified GCE for the detection of DA in the presence of AA. The modified GCE exhibited a low electrochemical detection limit of 6??M over the linear range of 2–60??M. Overall, this work provides a simple platform for the development of GCE modified with rGO/TiO2 {001} nanocomposite with highly exposed {001} facets for potential electrochemical sensing applications. PMID:24853929
Development of a new modelling tool (FACET) to assess exposure to chemical migrants from food packaging.
Oldring, P K T; O'Mahony, C; Dixon, J; Vints, M; Mehegan, J; Dequatre, C; Castle, L
The approach used to obtain European Union-wide data on the usage and concentration of substances in different food packaging materials is described. Statistics were collected on pack sizes and market shares for the different materials used to package different food groups. The packaging materials covered were plastics (both flexible and rigid), metal containers, light metal packaging, paper and board, as well as the adhesives and inks used on them. An explanation as to how these data are linked in various ways in the FACET exposure modelling tool is given as well as an overview of the software along with examples of the intermediate tables of data. The example of bisphenol A (BPA), used in resins that may be incorporated into some coatings for canned foodstuffs, is used to illustrate how the data in FACET are combined to produce concentration distributions. Such concentration distributions are then linked probabilistically to the amounts of each food item consumed, as recorded in national food consumption survey diaries, in order to estimate exposure to packaging migrants. Estimates of exposure are at the level of the individual consumer and thus can be expressed for various percentiles of different populations and subpopulations covered by the national dietary surveys. PMID:24215584
Pathways toward unidirectional alignment in block copolymer thin films on faceted surfaces
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Gunkel, Ilja; Gu, Xiaodan; Sarje, Abhinav; Hexemer, Alexander; Russell, Thomas
Solvent vapor annealing (SVA) has been shown recently to be an effective means to produce long-range lateral order in block copolymer (BCP) thin films in relatively short times. Furthermore, using substrates with faceted surfaces allows for generating unidirectionally aligned BCP microdomains on the size scale of an entire wafer. While in recent years SVA has been largely demystified, the detailed pathways toward obtaining unidirectional alignment still remain unclear. Grazing-incidence X-ray scattering (GISAXS) is a very powerful tool for characterizing the structure and morphology of BCPs in thin films, and is particularly useful for studying structural changes in BCP thin films during SVA. We here present in situ GISAXS experiments on cylinder-forming PS-b-P2VP BCP thin films on faceted Sapphire substrates during annealing in THF. We show that the degree of alignment of cylindrical microdomains is greatly enhanced at solvent concentrations close to the order-disorder transition of the copolymer. Furthermore, we observed that inducing disorder by further increasing the solvent concentration and subsequent quenching to the ordered (not yet glassy) state induced the highest degree of alignment with nearly unidirectional alignment of the microdomains in less than 30 min.
Oligoethylene-bridged diferrocene on Ag(110): Monolayer structures and adsorbate-induced faceting
Zhong, D. Y.; Fuchs, H. [Physikalisches Institut, Universitaet Muenster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 10, 48149 Muenster (Germany) and Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), Universitaet Muenster, Heisenbergstrasse 11, 48149 Muenster (Germany); Institut fuer Nanotechnologie, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, 76021 Karlsruhe (Germany); Wang, W. C.; Dou, R. F.; Chi, L. F. [Physikalisches Institut, Universitaet Muenster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 10, 48149 Muenster, Germany and Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), Universitaet Muenster, Heisenbergstrasse 11, 48149 Muenster (Germany); Wedeking, K.; Erker, G. [Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universitaet Muenster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Muenster (Germany)
The self-assembly of a ferrocene (Fc) derivative, oligoethylene-bridged diferrocene (diFc), Fc(CH{sub 2}){sub 14}Fc, on Ag(110) surface has been investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) under ultrahigh vacuum. Three ordered structures, the majority {beta} and the minorities {alpha} and {gamma}, are formed at monolayer coverage. In {alpha} and {gamma}, a unit cell contains one molecule and the molecules are parallel to each other so that the distances between Fc groups and between oligoethylene chains are reduced. A unit cell contains five molecules in {beta}: four of them are parallel to each other but not parallel to the fifth. The interaction between diFc and Ag(110), which is relatively strong in comparison to the intermolecular interaction, is dominant for the assembly of the ordered structures. The adsorption of diFc molecules induces the reorganization of substrate steps, which prefer to follow the directions of the superstructure lattice vectors, i.e. ({+-}1,2) and ({+-}3,2) of the Ag(110) surface. The (12 13-1) facet is formed due to step bunching at regions with high step density. By using in situ STM, the process of step reorganization and faceting has been observed in real time. It is concluded that the Ag adatoms play a key role on the substrate reorganization.
Problem of Time: Temporal Relationalism Compatibility of Other Local Classical Facets Completed
Anderson, Edward
Temporal Relationalism (TR) is that there is no time for the universe as a whole at the primary level. Time emerges rather at a secondary level; one compelling idea for this is Mach's `time is to be abstracted from change'. TR leads to, and better explains, the well-known Frozen Formalism Problem encountered in GR at the quantum level. Indeed, abstraction from change is a type of emergent time resolution of this.Moreover, the Frozen Formalism Problem is but one of the many Problem of Time facets, which are furthermore notoriously interconnected. The other local and already classically present facets are as follows. 2) The GR Thin Sandwich involves a subcase of Best Matching, which is one particular implementation of Configurational Relationalism. 3) The Constraint Closure Problem, 4) the Problem of Observables or Beables, 5) Spacetime Relationalism, 6) the Spacetime Construction Problem, and 7) the Foliation Dependence Problem as resolved in classical GR by Refoliation Invariance. In this Article, I bring tog...
Problem of Time: Temporal Relationalism Compatibility of Other Local Classical Facets Completed
Edward Anderson
Temporal Relationalism (TR) is that there is no time for the universe as a whole at the primary level. Time emerges rather at a secondary level; one compelling idea for this is Mach's `time is to be abstracted from change'. TR leads to, and better explains, the well-known Frozen Formalism Problem encountered in GR at the quantum level. Indeed, abstraction from change is a type of emergent time resolution of this.Moreover, the Frozen Formalism Problem is but one of the many Problem of Time facets, which are furthermore notoriously interconnected. The other local and already classically present facets are as follows. 2) The GR Thin Sandwich involves a subcase of Best Matching, which is one particular implementation of Configurational Relationalism. 3) The Constraint Closure Problem, 4) the Problem of Observables or Beables, 5) Spacetime Relationalism, 6) the Spacetime Construction Problem, and 7) the Foliation Dependence Problem as resolved in classical GR by Refoliation Invariance. In this Article, I bring together the individual classical resolutions of these, and how these can be rendered compatible with TR. Having covered that in detail for 2) to 6) elsewhere, the rest of the current Article is dedicated to the detailed form that 7) and its TR compatible modification takes. I.e. I consider TR implementing foliations, the TR versions of Refoliation Invariance and the associated TR version of hypersurface kinematics and hypersurface deformations. These require a TR counterpart of the Arnowitt--Deser--Misner split.
Self-assembly of faceted particles triggered by a moving ice front.
Bouville, Florian; Maire, Eric; Deville, Sylvain
The possibility to align and organize faceted particles in the bulk offers intriguing possibilities for the design and discovery of materials and architectures exhibiting novel functional properties. The growth of ice crystals can be used to trigger the self-assembly of large, anisotropic particles and consequently to obtain three-dimensional porous materials of large dimensions in a limited amount of time. These mechanisms have not been explored so far due to the difficulty to experimentally investigate these systems. Here we elucidate the self-assembly mechanisms of faceted particles driven by ice growth by a combination of X-ray holotomography and discrete element modeling, providing insights into both the dynamics of self-assembly and their final packing. The encapsulation of particles is the result of a delicate balance between the force exerted by the percolating network of concentrated particles and the force exerted by the moving interface. We illustrate the benefits of such self-assembly for thermal management composite materials. PMID:24432973
Pseudocapacitive hausmannite nanoparticles with (101) facets: synthesis, characterization, and charge-transfer mechanism.
Yeager, Matthew P; Du, Wenxin; Wang, Qi; Deskins, N Aaron; Sullivan, Matthew; Bishop, Brendan; Su, Dong; Xu, Wenqian; Senanayake, Sanjaya D; Si, Rui; Hanson, Jonathan; Teng, Xiaowei
Hausmannite Mn3 O4 octahedral nanoparticles of 18.3 ± 7.0 nm with (101) facets have been prepared by an oxygen-mediated growth. The electrochemical properties of the Mn3 O4 particles as pseudocapacitive cathode materials were characterized both in half-cells and in button-cells. The Mn3 O4 nanoparticles exhibited a high mass-specific capacitance of 261 F g(-1), which was calculated from cyclic voltammetry analyses, and a capacitive retention of 78% after 10,000 galvanostatic charge-discharge cycles. The charge-transfer mechanisms of the Mn3 O4 nanoparticles were further studied by using synchrotron-based in situ X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy and XRD. Both measurements showed concurrently that throughout the potential window of 0-1.2?V (vs. Ag/AgCl), a stable spinel structure of Mn3 O4 remained, and a reversible electrochemical conversion between tetrahedral [Mn(II) O4 ] and octahedral [Mn(III) O6 ] units accounted for the redox activity. Density functional theory calculations further corroborated this mechanism by confirming the enhanced redox stability afforded by the abundant and exposed (101) facets of Mn3 O4 octahedra. PMID:23650213
Implementing Preservation Strategies for Complex Multimedia Objects
Jane Hunter; Sharmin Choudhury
\\u000a Addressing the preservation and long-term access issues for digital resources is one of the key challenges facing informational\\u000a organisations such as libraries, archives, cultural institutions and government agencies today. A number of major initiatives\\u000a and projects have been established to investigate or develop strategies for preserving the burgeoning amounts of digital content\\u000a being produced. To date, the alternative preservation approaches
Saliva Preservative for Diagnostic Purposes
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Pierson, Duane L.; Mehta, Satish K.
Saliva is an important body fluid for diagnostic purposes. Glycoproteins, glucose, steroids, DNA, and other molecules of diagnostic value are found in saliva. It is easier to collect as compared to blood or urine. Unfortunately, saliva also contains large numbers of bacteria that can release enzymes, which can degrade proteins and nucleic acids. These degradative enzymes destroy or reduce saliva s diagnostic value. This innovation describes the formulation of a chemical preservative that prevents microbial growth and inactivates the degradative enzymes. This extends the time that saliva can be stored or transported without losing its diagnostic value. Multiple samples of saliva can be collected if needed without causing discomfort to the subject and it does not require any special facilities to handle after it is collected.
Coherence-Preserving Quantum Bits
D. Bacon; K. R. Brown; K. B. Whaley
Real quantum systems couple to their environment and lose their intrinsic quantum nature through the process known as decoherence. Here we present a method for minimizing decoherence by making it energetically unfavorable. We present a Hamiltonian made up solely of two-body interactions between four two-level systems (qubits) which has a two-fold degenerate ground state. This degenerate ground state has the property that any decoherence process acting on an individual physical qubit must supply energy from the bath to the system. Quantum information can be encoded into the degeneracy of the ground state and such coherence-preserving qubits will then be robust to local decoherence at low bath temperatures. We show how this quantum information can be universally manipulated and indicate how this approach may be applied to a quantum dot quantum computer.
Edge-facet pumped, multi-aperture, thin-disk laser geometry for very high average power output scaling
Zapata, Luis E.
The average power output of a laser is scaled, to first order, by increasing the transverse dimension of the gain medium while increasing the thickness of an index matched light guide proportionately. Strategic facets cut at the edges of the laminated gain medium provide a method by which the pump light introduced through edges of the composite structure is trapped and passes through the gain medium repeatedly. Spontaneous emission escapes the laser volume via these facets. A multi-faceted disk geometry with grooves cut into the thickness of the gain medium is optimized to passively reject spontaneous emission generated within the laser material, which would otherwise be trapped and amplified within the high index composite disk. Such geometry allows the useful size of the laser aperture to be increased, enabling the average laser output power to be scaled.
Multi-facet concentrator of solar setup for irradiating the objects placed in a target plane with solar light
Lewandowski, Allan A. (Evergreen, CO); Yampolskiy, Vladislav (Moscow, RU); Alekseev, Valerie (Moscow, RU); Son, Valentin (Moscow, RU)
According to the proposed invention, this technical result is achieved so that many-facet concentrator of a solar setup for exposure of objects, placed in a target plane, to the action of solar radiation containing a supporting frame and facets differing by that the facets of the concentrator are chosen with spherical focusing reflective surfaces of equal focal lengths and with selective coatings reflecting a desired spectral fraction of solar radiation, and are arranged on the supporting frame symmetrically with respect to the common axis of the concentrator, their optical axes being directed to the single point on the optical axis of the concentrator located before the nominal focus point of the concentrator and determining the position of arranging the target plane.
A 3D implementation of ray tracing combined with diffraction on facets: Verification and a potential application
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Clarke, Adrian J. M.; Hesse, Evelyn; Ulanowski, Zbigniew; Kaye, Paul H.
A 3D implementation of a new model of light scattering applicable to dielectric faceted objects is introduced. The model combines standard geometric optics with diffraction on individual facets. It can be applied to any faceted geometry. The model adds no significant computational overheads to classical geometric optics yet provides much improved results. Initial results for long hexagonal columns are compared to SVM and appear favourable. 2D scattering patterns are calculated for a hexagonal column in a fixed orientation and compared to those created by ice analogue crystals in the laboratory with close agreement. The comparison includes the observation of a guided wave propagating along the length of the column. The new model is then applied to a selection of geometries to illustrate how it could be used to aid particle characterization, particularly in the case of cirrus ice.
Preservation of the biomedical literature: an overview.
Byrnes, M M
The National Library of Medicine began to preserve its collection many years ago. This article presents a brief review of NLM's early conservation and microfilming programs, and describes the current activities of the library's new Preservation Section. Also mentioned are the complementary efforts of NLM staff who are involved in research into electronic imaging and the campaign to increase the use of alkaline paper in medical and scientific publishing. Goals of the National Preservation Plan for the Biomedical Literature are summarized and a report on progress in implementing the plan is provided. Results of the preservation needs assessment described in the accompanying article by Kirkpatrick are briefly analyzed. Recent efforts of the Commission on Preservation and Access, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the Research Libraries Group, and several international associations are described in terms of their potential benefit to preservation of the biomedical literature. The need to monitor new preservation technologies and preserve materials in audiovisual and electronic formats is emphasized. It is argued that with enough coordination, cooperation, and willingness among health sciences libraries to share the costs, the goal of preserving all of the important biomedical literature can be accomplished. PMID:2758180
English stress preservation and Stratal Optimality Theory
Collie, Sarah
Since Chomsky & Halle (1968), English stress preservation – oríginal -> orěginálity, óbvious -> óbviousness – has been important in generative discussions of morphophonological interaction. This thesis carries out empirical ...
Application of combined EBSD and 3D-SEM technique on crystallographic facet analysis of steel at low temperature.
Mohseni, P; Solberg, J K; Karlsen, M; Akselsen, O M; Ostby, E
Electron backscatter diffraction has been increasingly used to identify the crystallographic planes and orientation of cleavage facets with respect to the rolling direction in fracture surfaces. The crystallographic indices of cleavage planes can be determined either directly from the fracture surface or indirectly from metallographic sections perpendicular to the plane of the fracture surface. A combination of electron backscatter diffraction and 3D scanning electron microscopy imaging technique has been modified to determine crystallographic facet orientations. The main purpose of this work has been to identify the macroscopic crystallographic orientations of cleavage facets in the fracture surfaces of weld heat affected zones in a well-known steel fractured at low temperatures. The material used for the work was an American Petroleum Institute (API) X80 grade steel developed for applications at low temperatures, and typical heat affected zone microstructures were obtained by carrying out weld thermal simulation. The fracture toughness was measured at different temperatures (0°C, -30°C, -60°C and -90°C) by using Crack Tip Opening Displacement testing. Fracture surfaces and changes in microstructure were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. Crystallographic orientations were identified by electron backscatter diffraction, indirectly from a polished section perpendicular to the major fracture surface of the samples. Computer assisted 3D imaging was used to measure the angles between the cleavage facets and the adjacent polished surface, and then these angles were combined with electron backscatter diffraction measurements to determine the macroscopic crystallographic planes of the facets. The crystallographic indices of the macroscopic cleavage facet planes were identified to be {100}, {110}, {211} and {310} at all temperatures. PMID:23692572
Integrating Actionable User-defined Faceted Rules into the Hybrid Science Data System for Advanced Rapid Imaging & Analysis
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Manipon, G. J. M.; Hua, H.; Owen, S. E.; Sacco, G. F.; Agram, P. S.; Moore, A. W.; Yun, S. H.; Fielding, E. J.; Lundgren, P.; Rosen, P. A.; Webb, F.; Liu, Z.; Smith, A. T.; Wilson, B. D.; Simons, M.; Poland, M. P.; Cervelli, P. F.
The Hybrid Science Data System (HySDS) scalably powers the ingestion, metadata extraction, cataloging, high-volume data processing, and publication of the geodetic data products for the Advanced Rapid Imaging & Analysis for Monitoring Hazard (ARIA-MH) project at JPL. HySDS uses a heterogeneous set of worker nodes from private & public clouds as well as virtual & bare-metal machines to perform every aspect of the traditional science data system. For our science data users, the forefront of HySDS is the facet search interface, FacetView, which allows them to browse, filter, and access the published products. Users are able to explore the collection of product metadata information and apply multiple filters to constrain the result set down to their particular interests. It allows them to download these faceted products for further analysis and generation of derived products. However, we have also employed a novel approach to faceting where it is also used to apply constraints for custom monitoring of products, system resources, and triggers for automated data processing. The power of the facet search interface is well documented across various domains and its usefulness is rooted in the current state of existence of metadata. However, user needs usually extend beyond what is currently present in the data system. A user interested in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data over Kilauea will download them from FacetView but would also want email notification of future incoming scenes. The user may even want that data pushed to a remote workstation for automated processing. Better still, these future products could trigger HySDS to run the user's analysis on its array of worker nodes, on behalf of the user, and ingest the resulting derived products. We will present our findings in integrating an ancillary, user-defined, system-driven processing system for HySDS that allows users to define faceted rules based on facet constraints and triggers actions when new SAR data products arrive that match the constraints. We will discuss use cases where users have defined rules for the automated generation of InSAR derived products: interferograms for California and Kilauea, time-series analyses, and damage proxy maps. These findings are relevant for science data system development of the proposed NASA-ISRO SAR mission.
Impact of Thermal Cycling on Sn-Ag-Cu Solder Joints and Board-Level Drop Reliability
Luhua Xu; John H. L. Pang; Faxing Che
The electronic packaging industry uses electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG) or Cu-organic solderability preservative (Cu-OSP)\\u000a as a bonding pad surface finish for solder joints. In portable electronic products, drop impact tests induce solder joint\\u000a failures via the interfacial intermetallic, which is a serious reliability concern. The intermetallic compound (IMC) is subjected\\u000a to thermal cycling, which negatively affects the drop impact
On representations for joint moments using a joint coordinate system.
O'Reilly, Oliver M; Sena, Mark P; Feeley, Brian T; Lotz, Jeffrey C
In studies of the biomechanics of joints, the representation of moments using the joint coordinate system has been discussed by several authors. The primary purpose of this technical brief is to emphasize that there are two distinct, albeit related, representations for moment vectors using the joint coordinate system. These distinct representations are illuminated by exploring connections between the Euler and dual Euler bases, the "nonorthogonal projections" presented in a recent paper by Desroches et al. (2010, "Expression of Joint Moment in the Joint Coordinate System," ASME J. Biomech. Eng., 132(11), p. 11450) and seminal works by Grood and Suntay (Grood and Suntay, 1983, "A Joint Coordinate System for the Clinical Description of Three-Dimensional Motions: Application to the Knee," ASME J. Biomech. Eng., 105(2), pp. 136-144) and Fujie et al. (1996, "Forces and Moment in Six-DOF at the Human Knee Joint: Mathematical Description for Control," Journal of Biomechanics, 29(12), pp. 1577-1585) on the knee joint. It is also shown how the representation using the dual Euler basis leads to straightforward definition of joint stiffnesses. PMID:24008987
Posttraumatic Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
Giannakopoulos, Helen E.; Quinn, Peter D.; Granquist, Eric; Chou, Joli C.
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) has many essential functions. None of its components are exempt from injury. Facial asymmetry, malocclusion, disturbances in growth, osteoarthritis, and ankylosis can manifest as complications from trauma to the TMJ. The goals of initial treatment include achievement of pretraumatic function, restoration of facial symmetry, and resolution of pain. These same objectives hold true for late repairs and reconstruction of the TMJ apparatus. Treatment is demanding, and with opposing approaches. The following article explores various treatment options for problems presenting as a result of a history of trauma to the TMJ. PMID:22110802
Joint bone radiobiology workshop
Tomich, P.A. (ed.)
The Joint Bone Radiobiology Workshop was held on July 12--13, 1991 in Toronto, Canada. This document contains the papers presented at the meeting. The five sections were: Dose-effects, Endogenous Cofactors, Tumorigenesis, New Methods and Medical Implications. The papers covered risk assessment, tissue distribution of radionuclides, lifetime studies, biological half-lifes, the influence of age at time of exposure, tumor induction by different radionuclides, microscopic localization of radionuclides, and nuclear medicine issues including tissue distribution in the skeleton and bone marrow transplantation. (MHB)
Patellofemoral Joint Disorders
Stalker, Robert
Knee pain is a common presenting complaint by athletes and the general population. Disorders of the patellofemoral joint are responsible for most of these disorders. Abnormal patellar tracking is thought to be the principal cause. Patellar tracking is influenced by a number of dynamic and static factors. These can be assessed with a careful history and physical examination. A treatment program can be designed to alter the precipitating factors. Lower-extremity malalignment, principally hyperpronation of the foot, is believed to be a major cause of abnormal patellar tracking. Conservative treatment programs have had successful results, and less emphasis is now being placed on surgical procedures. PMID:21263850
Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
NSDL National Science Digital Library
Patient Education Institute
This patient education program explains temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJ). It reviews the anatomy of the jaw, plus symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment options for TMJ disorders. This resource is a MedlinePlus Interactive Health Tutorial from the National Library of Medicine, designed and developed by the Patient Education Institute. NOTE: This tutorial requires a special Flash plug-in, version 4 or above. If you do not have Flash, you will be prompted to obtain a free download of the software before you start the tutorial. You will also need an Acrobat Reader, available as a free download, in order to view the Reference Summary.
Bladder operated robotic joint
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Robertson, Glen A. (inventor)
This invention is a robotic joint which is operated by inflatable bladders and which can be used in applications where it is desired to move or hold an object. A support block supports an elongated plate to which is pivotally attached a finger. A tension strip passes over a lever attached to the finger and is attached at its ends to the support block on opposite sides of the plate. Bladders positioned between the plate and the tension strip on opposite sides of the plate can be inflated by pumps to pivot the finger, with one of the bladders being inflated while the other is being deflated.
Lasecki, John V. (Livonia, MI); Novak, Robert F. (Farmington Hills, MI); McBride, James R. (Ypsilanti, MI)
A metal to ceramic sealed joint which can withstand wide variations in temperature and maintain a good seal is provided for use in a device adapted to withstand thermal cycling from about 20 to about 1000 degrees C. The sealed joint includes a metal member, a ceramic member having an end portion, and an active metal braze forming a joint to seal the metal member to the ceramic member. The joint is positioned remote from the end portion of the ceramic member to avoid stresses at the ends or edges of the ceramic member. The sealed joint is particularly suited for use to form sealed metal to ceramic joints in a thermoelectric generator such as a sodium heat engine where a solid ceramic electrolyte is joined to metal parts in the system.
Strength of Welded Aircraft Joints
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Brueggeman, W C
This investigation is a continuation of work started in 1928 and described in NACA-TR-348 which shows that the insertion of gusset plates was the most satisfactory way of strengthening a joint. Additional tests of the present series show that joints of this type could be improved by cutting out the portion of the plate between the intersecting tubes. T and lattice joints in thin-walled tubing 1 1/2 by 0.020 inch have somewhat lower strengths than joints in tubing of greater wall thickness because of failure by local buckling. In welding the thin-walled tubing, the recently developed "carburizing flux" process was found to be the only method capable of producing joints free from cracks. The "magnetic powder" inspection was used to detect cracks in the joints and flaws in the tubing.
Preservation and conservation: separate disciplines, common goals
The conservation of the natural environment and the preservation of the built environment are fields often distinguished from one another both in application and in theory. At academic institutions, courses in preservation and conservation are usually offered in different departments and faculty members concerned with either of the two disciplines are tenured into different departments. Special interest groups usually target
Preservation and fermentation: past, present and future
R Paul Ross; S Morgan; C Hill
Preservation of food and beverages resulting from fermentation has been an effective form of extending the shelf-life of foods for millennia. Traditionally, foods were preserved through naturally occurring fermentations, however, modern large scale production generally now exploits the use of defined strain starter systems to ensure consistency and quality in the final product. This review will mainly focus on the
Preserving Patterns in Bipartite Graph Partitioning
Tianming Hu; Chao Qu; Chew Lim Tan; Sam Yuan Sung; Wenjun Zhou
This paper describes a new bipartite formulation for word-document co-clustering such that hyperclique pat- terns, strongly affiliated documents in this case, are guaranteed not to be split into different clusters. Our approach for pattern preserving clustering consists of three steps: mine maximal hyperclique patterns, form the bipartite, and partition it. With hyperclique pat- terns of documents preserved, the topic of
A Big Problem for Magellan: Food Preservation
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Galvao, Cecilia; Reis, Pedro; Freire, Sofia
In this paper, we present data related to how a Portuguese teacher developed the module "A big problem for Magellan: Food preservation." Students were asked to plan an investigation in order to identify which were the best food preservation methods in the XV and XVI centuries of Portuguese overseas navigation, and then establish a parallel between…
LCA of food-preservation technologies
Guillermo Pardo; Jaime Zufía
The environmental impacts of some traditional and novel food preservation technologies have been evaluated through LCA methodology in order to provide environmental criteria when selecting preservation methods for foods, as a way to develop more efficient and sustainable food products throughout its whole life cycle. Four thermal and non-thermal techniques (autoclave pasteurization, microwaves, high hydrostatic pressure and modified atmosphere packaging)
Organic Acids and Meat Preservation: A Review
Maria M. Theron; Jan F. R. Lues
Despite the application of various preservation methods, many problems are still encountered as a result of food spoilage and food poisoning. There is increasing demand for foods produced with milder treatments, and the movement towards more natural and even certified organic foods has been the fastest growing sector of the food industry over the last decade. The interest in bio-preservation
Preservation Film: Platform for Digital Access Systems.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Jones, C. Lee
Preservation efforts for an increasingly digitally oriented future have turned to advanced and improved methods of preservation on microfilm, which has a life expectancy of more than 500 years when properly prepared, stored, and managed, and can support a wide range of digital access systems. Computer controlled cameras can provide significantly…
A Synopsis of Format-Preserving Encryption
Rogaway, Phillip
A Synopsis of Format-Preserving Encryption Phillip Rogaway Department of Computer Science University of California, Davis, USA March 27, 2010 Abstract Format-preserving encryption (FPE) encrypts a plaintext of some specified format into a ciphertext of the same format--for example, encrypting a social
Preservation of Kefir Grains, a Comparative Study
G. L. Garrote; A. G. Abraham; G. L. De Antoni
The microflora of kefir grains of household origin was isolated and identified. At least two lactococci, two lactobacilli, two yeast and one mould were detected.Different methods for kefir grain preservation were studied. Metabolic activity of grains preserved frozen at ?20 °C and ?80 °C and grains stored at 4 °C was evaluated.Grains stored at ?20 °C and ?80 °C maintained
Home Food Preservation Training for Extension Educators
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Goard, Linnette Mizer; Hill, Melinda; Shumaker, Katharine; Warrix, Marisa
During times of economic downturn, there has been an increased interest in home food preservation. As the primary resource for current research-based recommendations, a team of Extension Family and Consumer Sciences educators with specialization in food safety and food preservation responded to this demand by developing a standardized food…
Whale Preservation. Grades Five to Nine.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Racicot, Darlene
Dedicated to the conservation and preservation of whales, dolphins, and porpoises through public education, this instructional unit for grades 5-9 provides current (1993) facts, lesson plans, activities, and conservation and preservation techniques. Interdisciplinary activities involve students in debates, critical thinking, research, and…
This guide provides an overview of the wood preserving industry and presents options for minimizing waste generation through source,reduction and recycling. reatment with both oilborne and waterborne preservatives is discussed in this guide. owever, because in the United States, ...
Boric Acid Preservation of Urine Samples
I. A. Porter; J. Brodie
Comparison of the results of bacteriological culture and microscopic examination of urine samples transported over a distance by the dip-inoculum transport medium, ice-box, and boric acid preservation with "natural" urine specimens showed that the last, in a final concentration of 1·8%, gives satisfactory preservation.
Selection for Preservation of Research Library Materials.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Commission on Preservation and Access, Washington, DC.
Intended to stimulate further thinking on the part of the community of scholars who must have a voice in selection strategies, this report addresses: (1) the distinction between preservation (saving the content of a brittle book) and conservation (saving the original item); (2) differences in the needs and objectives of preservation across the…
Spi Calculus Translated to -Calculus Preserving
Parrow, Joachim
Spi Calculus Translated to -Calculus Preserving May-Testing Michael Baldamus, Joachim Parrow, Bj Technical report 2003-063 December 2003 ISSN 1404-3203 #12;Spi Calculus Translated to -Calculus Preserving of the spi- calculus into the more basic -calculus and establish its correctness with respect to a formal
Chemoradiotherapy Laryngeal Preservation for Advanced Hypopharyngeal Cancer
Shyh-Kuan Tai; Muh-Hwa Yang; Ling-Wei Wang; Tung-Lung Tsai; Pen-Yuan Chu; Yi-Feng Wang; Jui-Lin Huang; Shyue-Yih Chang
Objective: Laryngeal preservation is a challenge for the treatment of advanced hypopharyn- geal cancer. The objective of this study is to evaluate the results of chemoradiotherapy laryn- geal preservation for advanced hypopharyngeal cancer at a single institute and the impact of treatment factors on prognosis. Methods: The study population consisted of 42 consecutive patients with resectable stage III-IV hypopharyngeal cancer.