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Travel Blogs from Toyota
Two nights in Nagoya
... winning card with the fastest train of the world :-). The next Shinkansen train with be a magnetic train reaching a spead of 500 km/h. I guess I will have to come back to Japan at some time. Nagoya is a modern city with more than four million citizens but I have never heard of ...
... so we were prepared and keen to see everything in real.
And so it turns out it's not just two fat guys bumping into each other ;-) Just kidding!! You have to give it to them and respect this sport and these athletes. Initially, I was wondering why Philippe wanted us to see this, but I have to say I do not regret one minute of it.
We stayed focused and interested for a whole 6 hours watching the guys (and gods) wrestle ...
Nagoya, aka, Phil's day out!
... the morning!
Phil - Ok, today was my day. I had made meticulous plans with interconnecting trains, buses and walking, and had numerous maps I printed at home in my pocket. Only to find out yesterday that there is a tourist bus that goes to many of the places I wanted to see. The Toyota Museum was very good. We could only spend approx an hour and a half there but you could spend most of the day. There were so many machines that you could press a button and ...
Day 7
... check in, just time to dump our bags & off we went for a walk around the town we went to a museum, a shrine, the Takayama festival float exhibition hall, we then went to the old part of town. We had a beautiful tea not far from there. When we got back from tea we had another spa, getting used to it (in the nude) still lots of laughs. It's now 9.00 and ready for bed. Ran out of battery so no pictures of ...
Osaka - Nagoya - Home
Final day of an amazing trip. Up early from Keiko's, Jim & Yosh accompany us to Osaka to board the bus that's taking us to Nagoya. Our first (and last) trip sans Jim in Japan so a bit nervous getting us to the airport in time. Arrived in Nagoya right on time, asked cabbie what it would cost to get us to the airport - ...
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Rice -- Standout in the weight room who took over the starting spot at nose tackle in the spring and has become a force inside this fall.
2008: Blocked a plair of kicks vs. North Texas... Swated away the Mean Green's first PAT attempt to preserve a 7-6 lead for the Owls, then blocked a field goal attempt just before halftime... Credited with a career-best seven tackles at Memphis... chipped in a pair of stops at Texas... Made his first career start against SMU... Had appeared in 22 games as a reserve before earning the start against the Mustangs.
2007: Saw action in all 12 games... Credited with a career-best three tackles against Texas as well as his first career tackle for loss (four yards)... Credited with one tackle in six other games...Had tackles in five of eight conference games.
2006: Moved to the defensive side of the line and saw action in four games... Picked up his first career tackle against Army... Also saw action against Texas, UAB and UCF... Listed as a backup to Robby Heos at left guard entering the season... Member of the Student Owl Club..
2005: Played in six games before missing the last portion of the season with an injury.
High School -- 2005 graduate of Tomball High in suburban northwest Houston... Four-year letterman and starter for coach Pat Patterson... Two-time all-District 17-5A lineman... Three-time player of the game for the Cougars in '04, earning unanimous all-league honors... Also a three-year letterman in track... Named to Who's Who Among American High School Students... Honor student with a 90.47 cumulative GPA... Chose Rice over Houston, Syracuse, Missouri and Texas A&M.
Personal -- Full Name: Christopher Ryan Ptaszek... Born: June 6, 1987, at Tyler... Parents: Andre and Glynn Ptaszek, Houston (two brothers)... Rice major: kinesiology.
|Will Rice College
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Prudential Insurance will take over J.C. Penny's administration and benefit payments to retirees to cut its pension obligation.» Read More
A coalition of the nation's largest companies, spearheaded by Starbucks, pledged to hire 100,000 young Americans who have been shut out of the market.
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May 19- A federal judge certified a class-action lawsuit that accuses J.C. Penney Company Inc of marking up retail prices on apparel and accessories to trick shoppers into believing they were getting big discounts when the items were advertised on sale. District Judge Fernando Olguin in Los Angeles said it was possible "in one stroke" to determine whether J.C....
May 19- A federal judge has certified a class-action lawsuit that accuses J C Penney Co Inc of marking up retail prices on apparel and accessories to trick shoppers into believing they were getting good deals when the items went on sale. District Judge Fernando Olguin in Los Angeles said it was possible "in one stroke" to determine whether J C Penney's advertising...
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I'm a BKFR (BankFirst of TN) shareholder, andthat stock has for two years made me no money exceptfor dividends. So I'm happy they sold out even if itwas for diddlysquat. Now I'm curious about what youlongtime shareholders have to say about the future ofBB&T.
Welcome aboard from a 30 year shareholder! BB&Tis a good long term investment in my opinion; greatfranchise, well respected management, proven sales culture(hard to do in a bank as you know), double digitdividend increases in recent years, highly diversifiedsmall business/middle market loan portfolio, and goodasset quality history. The downside of owning any bankstock is the temporary doldrums caused by rising ratecycles. I've used the last two years as a buyingopportunity. Look at the number of "buy" recommendations onthis bank.Talk to us a little about the marketand economic prospects out your way.Fan
Welcome aboard !What's the story on this Fred Lawson guy?
Welcome to BB&T. I have been a shareholder since1980. It has been ( until about 20 months ago) anexcellent stock to own. Growth was good and dividends wereinline with most banks. Nearly all banks went into asharp decline in early 1999 and BB&T has made a smallrecovery - long way to go.I have not sold oneshare and do not plan to at this time. My feeling isthat it is going to be slow to recover. The fact thatBB&T is a well managed operation as much as anythingelse helps me make this choice.RW
RW, whatcha no good boy?Good seeing yourname again. gave up on the pc many months ago. FoundIt was taking time way from the garden and my girldot. also the grankids come here and all they do isplay on this thing, what about the garden? They don'twant no garden, just computers and video games, youknow what I mean RW? and trash movies.I havenot sold one share either, still holding over 1,900shares and I don't count the money anymore. gotta lexusnow, did i tell you that? traded the old one in,bought a nice es300, black outside cream inside. perttycar rw. But i still like toolin in the old chevpickup.How is life treating you? Your NC boy right?somehwere I have the invite for lunch - someday I may takeyou up on it. Dot doesn't like me going off, but Istill do. See my friend bert down in florida. Thatbert...Thought I would stop in and say hello. I'll check back ina few weeks, leaving in the morning for southcarolina.Doctor JunJun
The JAGfn.com Staff, reports on the latest stocksviews by Paine Webberhttp://22.214.171.124/nocgi/Forum238/HTML/000069.htmlBBT - Reiterated Buy, core banking operations duringthe 1Q proved efficient, '00 est. $2.17 and '01$2.50, target $35
First Union seems to have replanted itself atBB&T. These folks are buying so much so quickly that Ireally wonder if it will work out. The market ispoo-pooing the stock so farThey have made a fewlousy aquisitions.


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An inherited basis for congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts (EHPSS) has been demonstrated in several small dog breeds. If in general both portocaval and porto-azygous shunts occur in breeds predisposed to portosystemic shunts then this could indicate a common genetic background. This study was performed to determine the distribution of extrahepatic portocaval and porto-azygous shunts in purebred dog populations.
Data of 135 client owned dogs diagnosed with EHPSS at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Utrecht University from 2001 – 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. The correlation between shunt localization, sex, age, dog size and breed were studied. The study group consisted of 54 males and 81 females from 24 breeds. Twenty-five percent of dogs had porto-azygous shunts and 75% had portocaval shunts. Of the dogs with porto-azygous shunts only 27% was male (P = 0.006). No significant sex difference was detected in dogs with a portocaval shunt. Both phenotypes were present in almost all breeds represented with more than six cases. Small dogs are mostly diagnosed with portocaval shunts (79%) whereas both types are detected. The age at diagnosis in dogs with porto-azygous shunts was significantly higher than that of dogs with portocaval shunts (P < 0.001).
The remarkable similarity of phenotypic variation in many dog breeds may indicate common underlying genes responsible for EHPSS across breeds. The subtype of EHPSS could be determined by a minor genetic component or modulating factors during embryonic development.
Congenital portosystemic shunts (CPSS) cause portal blood derived from the gastrointestinal tract and other organs in the splanchnic drainage area to flow directly into the systemic circulation. As a consequence portal blood bypasses the liver and is not subjected to hepatic metabolism [1].
Liver shunts are classified into intra- and extrahepatic shunts, based on the anatomical location. An intrahepatic shunt represents a normal embryologic shunt (ductus venosus) bypassing the umbilical blood along the liver into the heart of the fetus, which did not close after birth [2,3]. In contrast, an extrahepatic portosystemic shunt (EHPSS) is not considered as a normal embryonic connection. The EHPSS represent abnormal functional communications between the embryonic vitelline veins, which form the entire extrahepatic portal system, and the cardinal venous system, which normally contributes to all non-portal abdominal veins [4]. The extrahepatic portal vein develops from the different parts of the vitelline vein, and the vena cava and vena (hemi)azygos develop from the embryonic cardinal vein. Connections between the cardinal and vitelline systems do not occur during any phase of embryonic development [4]. Therefore extrahepatic shunts must be considered erroneous developmental anomalies. Affected breeds may have either intra- or extrahepatic liver shunts; these two types occur very rarely in the same breed [1,5-9] and both sexes were reported to be equally affected [8,10]. Pedigree analyses of intrahepatic shunts of Irish wolfhounds [3,11] and of extrahepatic shunts of Yorkshire terriers [12] and Cairn terriers [10,13] have shown an inherited basis of shunts in these breeds. Besides the Cairn and Yorkshire terriers, a breed predisposition for EHPSS has been reported for Jack Russell terriers [8], Dachshunds [14], Miniature schnauzers [6] and Maltese [15], which also indicates a hereditary background of the disorder in these breeds [10,13]. Test matings in Cairn terriers showed that EHPSS in this breed has a complex, probably polygenic mode of inheritance [10].
Extrahepatic shunts can have a portocaval or a porto-azygous localization. In general, dogs with porto-azygous shunts show milder clinical signs [16]. It is not known whether these different shunt types (portocaval and port-azygos) have a different genetic background. Genes that are responsible for embryonic extrahepatic connections could be defect in both main types of EHPSS (portocaval and porto-azygous). Hence, the occurrence of both shunt types within a breed could indicate a common major (genetic) defect.
This study was performed to evaluate the distribution of extrahepatic portocaval and porto-azygous shunts in different dog breeds with the aim to discover if a common genetic basis for both extrahepatic types is plausible. For this purpose, data of 135 dogs with a single EHPSS were retrospectively analyzed. This survey yielded information with respect to extrahepatic shunt type, breed, average age at diagnosis and dog size. Based on the higher number of portocaval shunts (89%) compared to porto-azygous shunts reported in previous studies [8], an increased amount of portocaval shunts is to be expected in our study. The milder clinical signs in dogs with a porto-azygous shunt [16] could cause a later onset of clinical signs. Therefore we could expect a later age at diagnosis of dogs with this type of shunt within our study population.
Data of 151 dogs diagnosed with a single EHPSS were available for diagnosis. The 135 dogs used in this study, after excluding 16 cross breeds, were diagnosed with a portosystemic shunt between 6 weeks and 9.7 years of age. Localisation of 93 cases was confirmed during surgery. The study group consisted of 40% males (n = 54) and 60% females (n = 81) which based on t-test was significantly different from the 51% males and 49% females in the total clinic population of 43,813 patients (P = 0.02). The proportion of porto-azygous and portocaval shunts in the study group was 25.2% and 74.8%, respectively. By comparing the proportion of males and females between porto-azygous and portocaval we found that in the group of porto-azygous shunts a significantly higher number of females was affected (73.5%) compared with the number of males in the same group (P = 0.006). No sex predisposition was found for portocaval shunts (P = 0.232) (Figure 1).
Figure 1. Localization and gender distribution of extrahepatic portosystemic shunts in 135 purebred dogs. The dogs were seen in the period from 2001–2010. The shunt diagnosis was based on a high fasting venous ammonia level or abnormal ammonia tolerance test and the visualisation by ultrasonography or computed tomography. In most cases the diagnosis was independently visually confirmed during surgery.
The study group consisted of 24 breeds. In most breeds with six or more cases both porto-azygous and portocaval shunts were diagnosed (Table 1). The only exception were the Pugs which were all affected by portocaval shunts (n = 6). Additional breeds diagnosed with EHPSS were the Lhasa Apso, Miniature Poodle, Norfolk terrier with two cases, and single cases of a Basset Hound, Bolognese, Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, Epagneul Nain Papillon, Flat Coated Retriever, Fox terrier, Giant Spitz, Great Dane, Miniature Pinscher, Norwich terrier and Welsh terrier. In the Cairn terriers a significantly lower fraction of porto-azygous shunts was diagnosed compared to the total study population (P = 0.039). The fraction of detected porto-azygous shunts in the other breeds varied considerably, ranging from 0-38% within a particular breed (Table 1). The EHPSS were mainly observed in small dog breeds. Exceptions were a Giant Spitz, a Flatcoated retriever, a Basset hound and a Great Dane. After classification of the dogs as small (≤ 9 kg) or medium and large dog breeds (> 9 kg) these groups contained respectively 101, and 34 dogs. In small dogs portocaval shunts were detected more often than porto-azygous shunts, whereas in the group of medium and large dogs no differences were detected between both types. (P = 0.03) (Figure 2).
Table 1. Distribution of dogs with congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts
Figure 2. Weight classification of dogs related to porto-azygous and portocaval shunts. 135 dogs were classified as small (≤ 9 kilo) or medium and large dog breeds (> 9 kilo). The weight classes contained respectively 101, and 34 dogs. Mean weight is based on the standard of the Dutch Kennel Club. Chi-squared test was performed. A significant difference was observed between weight and shunt localization (P = 0.03).
A significant difference in the age at first diagnosis was found between the two shunt subtypes (P < 0.001). Portocaval shunts were first diagnosed at a mean age of 12.3 ± 11.3 months, whereas porto-azygous shunts were first diagnosed at a mean age of 32.3 ± 24.0 months. All Cairn terriers (n = 24) were excluded from this calculation because most of them were identified by a screening program of pups at an age of six weeks. No significant difference was found in the age at first diagnosis between male and female dogs in porto-azygous shunts (P = 0.831) and portocaval shunts (P = 0.800).
In our study group of dogs with EHPSS there were significantly more females than males. This is in contrast with previous studies in which an equal sex representation was found [8,10]. Only one breed, the Bichon Frise, has been reported to have an overrepresentation of females with EHPSS [8]. The total population of dogs presented at Utrecht University Clinic between 2001 and 2010 consisted of 49% females and 51% males, indicating that the sex differences found in this study are not caused by differences in the clinic population. In our population the breeds that contributed most to the female over-representation were the Maltese and Shih Tzu. The significantly higher proportion of females with a porto-azygous shunt compared to males with this type of shunt is surprising since we expected a similar sex distribution within the groups of both portocaval and porto-azygous shunts.
In the study group a lower proportion of porto-azygous shunts in comparison with portocaval shunts was found. These findings are well in agreement with previously reported fractions (11-36%) [8,13,15]. Especially in smaller dogs a significant higher frequency of portocaval shunts was detected compared to dogs weighing more than 9 kg. Another observation in line with this is the significantly lower age at first diagnosis of portocaval shunt in comparison with porto-azygous shunts which corresponds with previously published data [17,18]. In porto-azygous shunts, probably less blood bypasses the liver in comparison with portocaval shunts, because the receiving azygos vein has a smaller diameter and therefore more resistance than the abdominal vena cava. Another explanation reported for the later onset of clinical signs in these dogs could be that respiration causes diaphragmatic compression during which the shunt is intermittently closed [16]. Therefore it can be expected that liver functions are better and hepatic encephalopathy less pronounced in dogs with porto-azygous shunts. It is also possible that the later onset of clinical signs could have led to an underestimation of the prevalence of porto-azygous shunts [17,18] especially since with milder clinical signs owners might prefer to go to a referral centre. In this respect it is noteworthy that in the Dutch population of Cairn terriers, which are screened routinely for shunts at the age of six weeks, the fraction of porto-azygous shunts is also low (Table 1). Possibly this overrepresentation might be due to genetic selection on certain phenotypic characteristics and thus being caused by an inbred genetic component. The fact that dogs with porto-azygous shunts are usually diagnosed at an older age increases the risk that they contribute to reproduction and therefore sustain presence of underlying genes in the population. Therefore screening of breeds at-risk at young age seems essential for the extirpation of CPSS in these populations. Only the Dutch Cairn terrier club mandates the test for presence of a shunt in newborn dogs. This could cause a skewed picture of the problem in small dogs. We therefore decided to discard them from analysis of age of diagnosis. The remaining 111 dogs used for this study originate from a diverse population originating from both rural and urban areas.
It should be noted that for a number of breeds only a small number of case reports are available making it hard to draw breed related conclusions on distribution. Localisation of most shunts in the abdominal cavity or the thoracic cavity was confirmed during surgery (n = 93). Because the terminus is not visualized in all cases, a small fraction of the shunts could be wrongly classified. Ultrasound classification using standardized protocols [19] on the other hand proved highly sensitive and specific for diagnosing and classifying EHPSS.
Data of higher numbers of cases would allow us to perform pedigree analysis and also increase the power to detect possible differences in occurrence of shunt types within breeds.
Cairn terriers [10], Yorkshire terriers [12], Jack Russell terriers [8], Dachshunds [14] and Maltese [15] have been described in literature as breeds with a predisposition for EHPSS. These breeds were well represented in our study group. Nearly all dog breeds in our study seem to display both portocaval and porto-azygous shunts. The absence of porto-azygous shunts in pugs is most likely caused by the low number of cases. The fact that the two types affect the same dog breeds has not been reported previously. The occurrence of both porto-azygous and portocaval shunts in nearly all breeds that are predisposed for EHPSS seem to demonstrate that the two types are variants of the same inherited disorder. Modulators like environmental factors during a specific time point in embryogenesis could determine whether the embryonic vitelline system gets erroneously connected with the cardinal vein system at the level of the vena cava or the vena (hemi)azygos. The shunts develop from the portal vein or from one of its contributors, such as the left gastric vein, splenic vein, cranial or caudal mesenteric vein or gastroduodenal vein (vitelline system) [4]. Furthermore, the veins in which the shunts terminate (the caudal vena cava and the azygos vein) are formed through several transformations of the cardinal system [4]. It has previously been shown that EHPSS is a complex genetic trait, presumably determined by different cooperating genes [10]. The observations in our study led to the idea that the two subtypes of EHPSS are commonly determined by a small number of major genes, and that a minor gene or non-genetic factor determines the site of insertion. Future research to these gene defects is needed to confirm this hypothesis. The difference in the prevalence in males and females is yet another puzzle which needs further research.
In dog breeds predisposed for the occurrence of EHPSS the two shunt types, portocaval and porto-azygous, coexist in nearly all breeds. There seems to be a correlation between location and dog size. Portocaval shunts are predominantly diagnosed in small dogs, whereas no difference was observed in large dogs. The age at first diagnosis in dogs with a porto-azygous shunt is significantly higher than in dogs with a portocaval shunt. This difference is probably a consequence of the lower degree of shunting in porto-azygous shunts resulting in milder clinical signs. Dogs with a porto-azygous shunt may reproduce before diagnosis thereby maintaining causative genes in affected populations. Porto-azygous and portocaval shunts presumably have similar causative genes and are maybe differentiated by a minor genetic component or modulating factors.
Medical records from the University Clinic for Companion Animals of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, the Netherlands, were reviewed to identify dogs with a congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt. The following information was retrieved from the medical records: breed, sex, date of birth, localization of the extrahepatic shunt, method of diagnosis and date of first and definitive diagnosis. Data from dogs diagnosed with a single EHPSS in the period 2001–2010 were available for analysis. All cases originated from the Netherlands. Cross breeds were excluded from our study population. The dogs included in this study were presented with clinical signs of hepatic encephalopathy or other signs compatible with portosystemic shunting, or were identified by a shunt screening test performed in the Dutch Cairn terrier population of clinically healthy 6 week old pups. In both cases, a high fasting venous ammonia level or abnormal ammonia tolerance test suggested the presence of a portosystemic shunt [10]. The shunts were visualized by ultrasonography [19] or computed tomography and often confirmed during surgery. The two categories used were portocaval and porto-azygous shunts.
The diagnosis portocaval shunt was made when the shunting vessel terminated in the caudal vena cava. The diagnosis porto-azygous shunt was made when the shunt entered the (hemi)azygos vein, or when the single large tortuous shunting vessel traversed the dorsal part of the diaphragm and was located next to the esophagus. A thoracic termination into the (hemi)azygos vein could not be seen in some cases with ultrasonography or during surgery.
Statistical method
To assess the relation between breed and extrahepatic shunt localization a Fisher's exact test was used. To estimate if there was a difference in shunt localization between males and females a Chi-squared test was used for both phenotypes. The Chi-squared test was based on the expected equal distribution of sexes within both shunt types. To determine if there was a correlation between dog size and localization of the shunt, the dog breeds were classified into weight classes. Since the weights of the individual dogs are not comparable due to differences in age and decreased body weight as secondary effect of the phenotype, we used the mean expected weight of the breed based on the breed standard of the Dutch Kennel Club. Dogs were classified as small (≤ 9 kg) or medium and large dog breeds (> 9 kg). A Chi-squared test was performed to estimate if there was a correlation between weight class and localization. In addition, differences in the age at the moment of diagnosis between dogs with portocaval and those with porto-azygous shunts were analyzed with a Mann–Whitney test. In general the age at diagnosis was taken as the moment of the first observation of the presence of a shunt by a high venous ammonia level after fasting or an abnormal ammonia tolerance test. In some dogs the exact localization was determined at a later time point. The difference between age of diagnosis for both groups was calculated performing a t-test. For this calculation the Cairn terrier pups that were diagnosed at young age in a population screening program, and not by clinical signs, were excluded. Also t-test was performed on the age at diagnosis and sex in both phenotypes to estimate a possible sex difference. Significance was considered when P ≤ 0.05.
Competing interests
The author(s) declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
LvdB and FvS performed the statistical analysis and drafted the manuscript. RF and AK collected data and helped to draft the manuscript. PL and JR conceived of the study, and participated in its design and coordination and helped to draft the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
This study was part of the Honours Program of the Utrecht Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and was supported by the faculty (jubilee) fund. A part of this study was presented as a poster presentation at the Dutch Voorjaarsdagen Conference 2011.
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Martin RA: Congenital portosystemic shunts in the dog and cat.
Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 1993, 23(3):609-623. PubMed Abstract
Tobias KM, Rohrbach BW: Association of breed with the diagnosis of congenital portosystemic shunts in dogs: 2,400 cases (1980–2002).
J Am Vet Med Assoc 2003, 223(11):1636-1639. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Winkler JT, Bohling MW, Tillson DM, Wright JC, Ballagas AJ: Portosystemic shunts: diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of 64 cases (1993–2001).
J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2003, 39(2):169-185. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Hunt GB: Effect of breed on anatomy of portosystemic shunts resulting from congenital diseases in dogs and cats: a review of 242 cases.
Aust Vet J 2004, 82(12):746-749. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Krotscheck U, Adin CA, Hunt GB, Kyles AE, Erb HN: Epidemiologic factors associated with the anatomic location of intrahepatic portosystemic shunts in dogs.
Vet Surg 2007, 36(1):31-36. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
van Straten G, Leegwater PA, de Vries M, van den Brom WE, Rothuizen J: Inherited congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts in Cairn terriers.
J Vet Intern Med 2005, 19(3):321-324. PubMed Abstract
Ubbink GJ, van de Broek J, Meyer HP, Rothuizen J: Prediction of inherited portosystemic shunts in Irish Wolfhounds on the basis of pedigree analysis.
Am J Vet Res 1998, 59(12):1553-1556. PubMed Abstract
Tobias KM: Determination of inheritance of single congenital portosystemic shunts in Yorkshire terriers.
J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2003, 39(4):385-389. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Meyer HP, Rothuizen J: Congenital portosystemic shunts (PSS) in dogs are a genetic disorder.
Tijdschr Diergeneeskd 1991, 116(Suppl 1):80S-81S. PubMed Abstract
van den Ingh TS, Rothuizen J, Meyer HP: Circulatory disorders of the liver in dogs and cats.
Vet Q 1995, 17(2):70-76. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Tisdall PL, Hunt GB, Bellenger CR, Malik R: Congenital portosystemic shunts in Maltese and Australian cattle dogs.
Aust Vet J 1994, 71(6):174-178. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Sura PA, Tobias KM, Morandi F, Daniel GB, Echandi RL: Comparison of 99mTcO4(-) trans-splenic portal scintigraphy with per-rectal portal scintigraphy for diagnosis of portosystemic shunts in dogs.
Vet Surg 2007, 36(7):654-660. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Mehl ML, Kyles AE, Hardie EM, Kass PH, Adin CA, Flynn AK, De Cock HE, Gregory CR: Evaluation of ameroid ring constrictors for treatment for single extrahepatic portosystemic shunts in dogs: 168 cases (1995–2001).
J Am Vet Med Assoc 2005, 226(12):2020-2030. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Baade S, Aupperle H, Grevel V, Schoon HA: Histopathological and immunohistochemical investigations of hepatic lesions associated with congenital portosystemic shunt in dogs.
J Comp Pathol 2006, 134(1):80-90. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Szatmari V, Rothuizen J, Voorhout G: Standard planes for ultrasonographic examination of the portal system in dogs.
J Am Vet Med Assoc 2004, 224(5):713-716.
698–9PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text


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Peninsula B&B
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TripAdvisor Reviews Peninsula B&B Dunedin
Travel Blogs from Dunedin
Kiwis, Cherokee Flights, Fergburgers & Old Friends
... have a hike around lake Matheson in the morning, where there is a great gift shop! The lake gave some glassy, mirror like views, complete with rain drops, as we spotted blue mushrooms and jumped over fallen trees on the way around. We arrived in Wanaka just as a cloud burst was in full force. A group that evening went to the Paradiso Cinema, which is a really funky place but not wanting to see either of the films I opted for just a curry instead - and what a curry it was! ...
Dunedin New Zealand
... later, we arrived at the beautiful Dunedin railway station. This station is built in the 1920's in the Flemish Renaissance stye and is the most photographed railway station in NZ. We smoothly boarded the train and travelled firstly though flat grazing pasture before climbing and following the Taieri river. This was very picturesque and the train wound along the river and climbed through the hills. We travelled trough 12 tunnels and over ...
We now have a teenager in the family!
... 4 nights. For dinner we went to this pizza place where we had some amazing pizza. We decided that I would be able to pick out what we did the next day since we were biking for most of my birthday. I decided to go to Cadbury World (a chocolate factory). We went on a tour in Cadbury World and we got to see how the chocolate was made and got a huge tour of the whole place. We also got to see the biggest chocolate water fall where they dropped one ton ...
Katiki and Moeraki
We arrived in Katiki on a lovely evening and booked into the campsite. The purpose of this visit was to explore the Moeraki boulders, a strange phenomenon and some of the most photographed rocks in the world! After setting up camp, a German family whom we had met in Dunedin, turned up, and we had a jolly time. We were informed that Katiki Point may have some penguins and seals in the early morning, so we decided to get up early and visit the point and took Konstantin with us. ...
Historic links and wildlife spotting
... are hard to spot, as they only return to land just on dark. However, a little further south was a small peninsular, called Shag Point, and there was reputedly a New Zealand Fur Seal colony here. Being the sceptics we are, we wandered from the carpark at the point to the cliff edge, and were pleasantly surprised to see below us, everywhere, were the Fur Seals.
The seals were right below us. Young and old, ...
Other places to stay in Dunedin
Albatross Inn Bed & Breakfast770 George Street, Dunedin | B&Bfrom $95
Bygone Era Bed & Breakfast396 North Rd, Dunedin | B&Bfrom $111
Yellow House Bed & Breakfast822 Portobello Road, Dunedin | B&Bfrom $166
Lisburn House15 Lisburn Ave, Dunedin | B&Bfrom $139
Claremont House Dunedin - NZ24 Melrose Street, Dunedin | B&Bfrom $171
City Sanctuary Bed and Breakfast165 Maitland Street, Dunedin | B&Bfrom $145
Arden Street House36 Arden Street Opoho, Dunedin | 2 star b&bfrom $80
Glendinning House222 Highgate, Dunedin | B&Bfrom $320
Belmont House227 York Place, Dunedin | B&Bfrom $192
Cityview B&B Homestay29 Aytoun Street, Dunedin | B&Bfrom $94
Porterfields Bed And Breakfast30 Porterfields Street, Dunedin | B&Bfrom $133
Hulmes Court Bed and Breakfast52 Tennyson Street, Dunedin | 2 star b&bfrom $86
Grandview Bed Breakfast Dunedin360 High St, Dunedin | 3 star b&bfrom $91
Arden Country House712 Waitati Valley Rd, Dunedin | B&Bfrom $75
Highbrae Guesthouse376 High Street, Dunedin | B&Bfrom $57
Leithview234 Malvern St , Dunedin | B&Bfrom $108


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Corporate Adultery: The Married Bachelor
Dog Ear Publishing, May 1, 2007 - Fiction - 396 pages
June Gavin tells a clever story centered around adultery in the modern workplace. The one thing her husband, Ned Burke, never relied on was her profound intellect and clever wit. Combined with patience, tenacity and a compelling determination, she includes Ned's employer, a multi-million dollar communications conglameration along with anyone else remotely connected to her husband's infidelity in her comical, yet intense target area of vengeance. Her plan is perfect and her timing impeccable. Who could stop her? June Gavin is a retired statistician, true Southerner and makes her home in middle Tennessee.
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C24 Feature Artist's Statement: Ruth Marten on hair, tattooing and New York City flea marketsThe New York artist on tattooing in 1970s New York, the death-defying capabilities of hair and her "wonky and resolute" depictions of birds, mammals and botany.02 January 2013
Preview Culture 24/7: Top art exhibition recommendations around the UK for July 2013From Gateshead to Brighton and various points in between, Culture24 picks the likely art exhibition highlights of high summer.27 June 2013
Preview Culture24/7: top art exhibitions to see around the UK in April 2013With shows from Glasgow to Eastbourne and all points between, April is as good a month as any to get out and about for art.02 April 2013
Preview Cutting Edge: contemporary paper art at Mottisfont Abbey in RomseyGothic houses, autumn leaves and the human genome inspire some of the contemporary paper art at Mottisfont from artists including Rob Ryan, Ed Kluz and John Dilnot.16 November 2011
Review Death of the author: Paul Morrison's Auctorum at the Millennium Gallery in SheffieldThe author is dead; long live the author. Sheffield artist Paul Morrison makes the viewer the author and interpreter of his art in Auctorum at the Millennium Gallery.04 July 2012
C24 Feature Discovering Kettle's Yard: A trove of hidden treasure at the former home of art collector Jim Ede in CambridgeRuth Hazard visits Kettle's Yard House in Cambridge and discovers a place where visitors are free to nose around, slouch in the armchairs, read books in the library and enjoy an extensive collection of contemporary art.20 July 2012
Preview Emma Hart and Jockum Nordström go from office to fairytale at Camden Arts CentreRunning concurrently until the end of September, the two new shows at Camden Arts Centre pair the anxiety of call centres with the storyboards of a Swedish artist.22 July 2013
Event: Exhibition (temporary) County: Merseyside Geta BratescuBorn in Romania in 1926, and working for much of her life within a Commmunist state, Bratescu's vivid practice has manifested as performance, textile work, paper collage and film, each medium reflecting political and...Tate Liverpool | 30 June — 18 October 2015
Review Hannah Höch brings spirit of Dada and spirited photomontage to Whitechapel GalleryHer first retrospective responds to both World Wars, but this influential artist has not been extensively shown in the UK before now. Mark Sheerin takes a look.21 January 2014
Review HOUSE Festival animates Brighton streets with contemporary art this MayWith Mariele Neudecker at the Regency Townhouse and four satellite works around town, HOUSE 2013 could be the best yet.08 May 2013
Event: Lecture, talk or reading County: Somerset In Conversation… with Hormazd NarielwallaJoin us for an after-hours talk with artist Hormazd Narielwalla, who works in collage and uses bespoke Savile Row tailoring patterns to create artworks exploring the body in abstract form. Ticket price includes a glass...Fashion Museum | Bath | 30 October 2015
Review Last Chance to See: David Batchelor's Flatlands at Edinburgh's FruitmarketArtist David Batchelor is renowned for his love of colour, as his largest exhibition of two-dimensional works, at Edinburgh's Fruitmarket Gallery, amply demonstates.12 July 2013
Review Linder, Channer and Jackson Hutchins channel Barbara Hepworth at the Hepworth WakefieldA trio of contemporary artists are responding to the art and legacy of Barbara Hepworth at the Hepworth Wakefield.17 February 2013
Preview Rolling Stones star Ronnie Wood presents Faces, Times and Places at Cork StreetWhen he's not in one of the biggest bands in the world, Ronnie Wood is a skilled artist. Muhammad Ali, Eric Clapton, Jack Nicholson and Jerry Hall all appear in his latest show.08 November 2011
Event: Exhibition (temporary) County: West Sussex SUSS6, Layers of contemporary art.Join us from Saturday 10 October to Saturday 30 January 2016 for the SUSS6, Layers of contemporary art exhibition. The exhibition showcases paintings and mixed media art work by six Sussex based contemporary artists...Worthing Museum and Art Gallery | 10 October 2015 — 30 January 2016
Gallery County: Derbyshire The Green Man Gallery Buxton
Preview The linocuts, prints and paintings of Peter Clayton at the Attenborough Centre in LeicesterAn exhibition at the Attenborough Arts Centre showcases the work of artist and teacher Peter Clayton, whose work with the Leicester Print Workshop has inspired students and the public.14 May 2015
Event: Exhibition (temporary) County: Strathclyde Turner Prize 2015Arguably Europe's most prestigious visual art award is coming to Tramway and Scotland for the first time this Autumn. The Turner Prize, organised by Tate, is awarded to a British artist under the age of 50 for an...Tramway | Glasgow | 1 October 2015 — 17 January 2016
Event: Exhibition (temporary), Late opening County: Strathclyde Young Talent!Our annual Create exhibition is back for 2015! Each year Young Talent showcases and celebrates the artwork created by children and young people from the Create Programme, now in its 15th year. For 2015 we are presenting ...Project Ability Gallery | Glasgow | 4 September — 24 October 2015


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Select Local Merchants
Rub A DubRead MoreGetting ready to leave town? Make sure your pet has everything they need from Rub A Dub in East Patchogue before you go. With items like pet apparel and pet toys, your pet will be in heaven. They have a great selection of feeding supplies in stock, such as bowls and other feeders. There are plenty of services available to ensure your pet's well-being, such as healthcare. There's a wide variety of pet apparel and pet toys available to make sure your pet is snug and safe in its own home. This store has everything you need like carriers so you can keep your pet happy and healthy. With parking nearby to spare, Rub A Dub is ready for your visit. Get your pet ready for a trip to Rub A Dub in East Patchogue and head on over to pick up a new toy or a bag of tasty treats.159 Union AvenueEast Patchogue, NY US
Pampered PawsRead MoreGive your pet the best with supplies purchased from Pampered Paws in Holbrook. Looking for a little place for your pet to call home? Choose from a wide selection of pet apparel and pet toys. There's no better way to welcome a new pet into your home than with some great supplies from here, such as carriers. Your pet's health is important to their overall well-being. Get them checked over at Pampered Paws, where they offer healthcare. Your pet will love you if you bring it home an item like pet apparel and pet toys. Check out some of their great pet food and feeding supplies, like bowls and other feeders. You can park your car in one of their many available sentences. Whether for a new pet or spoiling already loved ones, Pampered Paws' pet store offers a paradise for the most cherished members of the family in Holbrook.325 Union AveHolbrook, NY US
One Paw Out The DoorRead MoreOne Paw Out The Door's master dog trainer helps unruly pooches sit, stay, and respond to other essential commands. Dogs can learn new manners from the comfort of home during private lessons, or learn alongside other pups in group lessons.33 Ave CHolbrook, NY US
Francis Craig CoRead MoreFrancis Craig Co is lauded for its excellent selection of pet supplies and often allows you to bring your furry friends into the store as well! The folks at Francis Craig Co understand how important your pet's health is. That's why they offer a wide variety of medical services for your little guy or gal, including healthcare. Your pet deserves top-of-the-line, healthy food and other great items, such as bowls and other feeders, and here you can find just that. Give your pet a comfy little abode of their own. You'll find Francis Craig Co has an extensive selection of pet apparel and pet toys to choose from. If you're bringing a new pet home soon, grab some basic supplies such as carriers and have everything you need on hand. Looking to give your pet an awesome new toy? Francis Craig Co has you covered with pet apparel and pet toys. The parking options near Francis Craig Co are quick and painless. If you're running low on pet supplies, swing by Francis Craig Co in Ronkonkoma and stock up on your weekly necessities.2215 Motor PkwyRonkonkoma, NY US
Pets Supplies PlusRead MorePets need more than just the bare essentials. Spoil your furry friend with fun items from Pets Supplies Plus in Ronkonkoma. Parking is accessible and not far from the store. Help your pet live their best life following a glamorous trip to Pets Supplies Plus' pet store in Ronkonkoma.601 Portion RdRonkonkoma, NY US
Pampered Pet Mobile GroomingRead MorePets are part of the family and Pampered Pet Mobile Grooming in Farmingville understands completely. There is a wide selection of pet supplies that allow you to give your pet the best of what it needs. With items like pet apparel and pet toys, your pet will be in heaven. It's always important to keep your little guy or gal well-fed, so be sure to pick up some of their quality feeding supplies like bowls and other feeders. Give your pet a comfy little abode of their own. You'll find Pampered Pet Mobile Grooming has an extensive selection of pet apparel and pet toys to choose from. If you just added a new addition to your family, you can pick some basic pet supplies such as carriers here. Keep your pet healthy with services such as healthcare. You'll be able to travel by car when visiting Pampered Pet Mobile Grooming because of amazing nearby parking spaces. Get your pet ready for a trip to Pampered Pet Mobile Grooming in Farmingville and head on over to pick up a new toy or a bag of tasty treats.6 John DriveFarmingville, NY US


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Mississippi Democrats Offer Alternative Budget
Posted: 12/11/2014 - Democrats in the Mississippi Legislature are offering their own budget proposal that they say would pump more money into education.
Posted: 12/11/2014 - Democrats in the Mississippi Legislature are offering their own budget proposal that they say would pump more money into education.
Updated: 12/11/2014 - It was a birthday bust today for a man in Newton. Adolpho Mann turned 30, but he received a birthday surprise that he probably didn't want.
Updated: 12/11/2014 - Kemper County officials are taking steps to develop a long-term economic development plan.
Posted: 12/11/2014 - Police in Gulfport are looking for a man who shoved a Salvation Army bell ringer and ran off with a donation kettle.
Posted: 12/11/2014 - Meridian police are investigating a pair of armed robberies that happened within minutes of each other early Thursday morning.
Updated: 12/10/2014 - The Singing Christmas Tree Celebrates 30 years.
Updated: 12/10/2014 - The City of Meridian is considering a contractual agreement with the Boys and Girls Club to provide funds and services.
Updated: 12/10/2014 - Mayor Percy Bland says a partnership with the Boys and Girls Club would increase the number of children helped in our area through literacy programs and after-school classes.
Posted: 12/10/2014 - A military exercise at Meridian Naval Air Station Thursday may limit base access.
Updated: 12/10/2014 - American Eagle has apparently met a need at Meridian Regional Airport. Ridership was up by 500 passengers in November, compared to September.
Posted: 12/10/2014 - The Mississippi State Department of Health reports an increase in flu activity over the past several weeks.
Updated: 12/10/2014 - Grab your cowboy boots, spurs, and hats. The Southeastern Professional Rodeo Association will bring the rodeo finals back to the Neshoba County Coliseum next month.
Posted: 12/10/2014 - Mississippi has missed out on its share of $250 million in federal money to expand its fledgling prekindergarten program.
Updated: 12/10/2014 - According to the Better Business Bureau, consumers are expected to spend more on holiday shopping this year. The agency suggests using credit cards might be safer.
Posted: 12/10/2014 - The city of Louisville and Winston County are being given $3.9 million in federal funds to assist with the removal debris from an April tornado.
Updated: 12/10/2014 - A McDonald's restaurant in Meridian is temporarily closed following an armed robbery Wednesday morning.
Updated: 12/10/2014 - The Salvation Army's annual Red Kettle campaign is met with many challenges in an ever-changing world.
Updated: 12/10/2014 - Actress and former Miss Mississippi and Miss America, Mary Ann Mobley, has died of breast cancer.
Posted: 12/09/2014 - Gov. Phil Bryant has created a task force to recommend ways to strengthen efforts in Mississippi to combat human trafficking.
Posted: 12/09/2014 - Tribal Chief Phyliss J. Anderson of the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians attended the annual White House Tribal Nations Conference in Washington.
Updated: 12/09/2014 - Kentucky Sen. Rand Paul says Republicans are reuniting after a divisive party primary for Senate in Mississippi.
Posted: 12/09/2014 - Top lawmakers are proposing a slightly smaller Mississippi budget for the coming year, despite their expectation that state revenue will increase.
Updated: 12/09/2014 - The Temple Theater in downtown Meridian received a state grant for repairs to be done inside and out.
Posted: 12/09/2014 - The father of Jessica Chambers, 19, who was found badly burned near her burning vehicle, says she was able to tell authorities who committed the crime.
Updated: 12/09/2014 - Upgrades are being made now to the Lauderdale County Courthouse, including new cooling and heating units.


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Great quality bedding at a great price. Would order from overstock again. It was easy and my order arrived on time. My daughter loves her new quilt and we will be buying more items from overstock to decorate her room.
I preferred a warmer quilt but didn't expect one so have a blanket under, but the pale yellow walls in my bedroom with gray and black accessories look very very good with this quilt set to bring out some spark! The hallway leading into my bedroom and master bath are both light gray so walking into my bedroom is very eye pleasing.
We have a 13ft Camping Trailer. We painted the walls a soft Gray, but I wanted someting to give it pazazz. This quilt set, did it. It is contemporary, colorfull and happy. Our bed is a full size, but after looking at the dimensions of this quilt, I ordered the twin size, and it fits beautifully. I also love the little decorator pillow, that comes with it. I would recommend to anyone.
It's perfect. Nice, lightweight, simple enough. She's made her bed every day since we put it on.
Nice quilt set the material is soft feels good. I got it for my grandaughter and she loves it looks real nice in her room
Very nice quilt. Soft and I love it. Thanks Overstock for such nice items.
Beautiful bold yet subtle colorful but not over powering, love it it's great
Not only do I love the look and feel of this set but everyone who has seen it loves it. I have a grey coverlet over the whole bed and then this quilt folded in half covering the bottom 1/3 and down the foot about 8 inches. I believe the quilt set is of better quality than I expected for the price. I would classify it as a lightweight quilt. I followed the label instructions and it washed and dried perfectly. The yellow is exactly as depicted online. It's bright and bold but not neon in tone. I found it an easy yellow to match with accessories (frames, silk hydrangas, sunflowers, ceramic items, trash can). This is one of those occasions I really wish consumers had the ability to attach a picture of the product in a real life setting.
So nice and perfect for summer and early fall.
The set is very nice, soft and it looks just like the picture. I have to return it because I was hoping that queen size would be perfect for my king since I didn't want it hanging so low, way too small :(
For the price, this is a nice quilt set. It is not a heavy weight quilt. True to color. I've only had it a week so, not sure how it will wash when needed, but I'm pleased with how it looks!
I ordered this set for my daughter's room. It is beautiful and seems to be very good quality. The photo shows the quilt and sham having a solid yellow backing. I had seen the same set on kohls.com with a gray back and preferred the gray back, but liked the Overstock price. I was pleasantly surprised when the set came and had the gray back. For me, this was a plus, but if you are wanting the yellow back this set will not have it.
Love the bright colors in this. Perfect for a dorm room.!!
Very nice colors and good quality.
Vert nice quality,and so soft.
Very pretty and nice size and material is soft. Love it
This is a great product. It feels nice and looks nice. It has withstood the washing machine. It is over all a great addition to my guest room and always receives compliments.
it has a lot of white but its beautiful, very soft.
I love this quilt, I love the colors, the weight, the brightness. It just compliments my guest room. great product.


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Category:HuguenotsEdit This Page
From FamilySearch Wiki
This category is for French Protestants and their descedants. Most of these people belonged to the Reformed faith taught by John Calvin. Most fled France for Germany, the Netherlands, and Britain, or other parts of the world. This category does not include the Dutch Reformed Church, or Presbyterians, also Calvinist religions.
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Earth Day: Celebrating Sustainable Agriculture
April 22, 2014
Smallholder farmers can set an example of environmental sustainability while helping to feed the world.
For smallholder farmers across the world, every day is Earth Day. The 1.5 billion people who live and work on small farms in developing countries are guardians of natural resources with a deep connection to their environment. At the same time, smallholders are on the front line of climate change, vulnerable to extreme events and unpredictable conditions that can cause severe losses in yields and income.
With an integrated approach, TechnoServe believes smallholder farmers can set an example of environmental sustainability while improving their livelihoods and enhancing food security. By adopting sustainable farming practices, managing resources efficiently and building resilience to climate change, smallholders can create a more secure future for their families, their communities and the planet.
Good stewardship of the land is good business. In Mozambique, TechnoServe is implementing an agroforestry program that is catalyzing the rural economy while reducing deforestation, rehabilitating depleted soil and promoting sustainable land use.
In Kenya, TechnoServe is working with a group of Maasai women farmers to increase dairy production and promote better natural resource management. We are providing training in water and soil conservation, including water harvesting and rotational grazing methods, which also help ensure healthy and productive cows.
In Guatemala, we are helping coffee farmers adopt low-cost sustainable agronomy practices – from composting to shade management – that boost yields in the short term, while helping to build resilience to climate change in the long term.
These are just some of the ways TechnoServe, our partners and other stakeholders are helping smallholder farmers sustainably increase productivity and adapt to a rapidly changing planet. With a system that supports economic and environmental sustainability, smallholders can play a leading role in feeding and protecting the world.
Related Blog Posts
From Hillsides in South Sudan to Coffee Cups in France
South Sudanese coffee is reaching foreign consumers for the first time, thanks to a partnership between TechnoServe and Nespresso.
Coffee as a Global Opportunity
In honor of International Coffee Day, we salute the smallholder farmers behind one of the world's favorite beverages.
Working with the Private Sector to Achieve Sustainable Development
A new report demonstrates how partnerships between TechnoServe and some of the world's leading companies are creating lasting change.


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Are you Kjell Torén?Claim your profile
Publications (240)1234.86 Total impact
Article: Prevalence and risk factors of COPD among never-smokers in two areas of Sweden - Occupational exposure to gas, dust or fumes is an important risk factor[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Background: Although active tobacco smoking is the main risk factor for COPD, COPD is not uncommon also among never-smokers. Different study locations along with different spirometric definitions of COPD have historically yielded different prevalence estimates of the disease. Aim: To study current prevalence and risk factors of COPD among never-smokers in two areas of Sweden. Methods: Data collected in 2008-2012 within the West Sweden Asthma Study and Obstructive Lung Disease in Northern Sweden Studies was pooled. The study population consisted of 1839 subjects who participated in spirometry and interviews. COPD was defined as post-bronchodilator a) FEV1/(F)VC < 0.7, b) FEV1/FVC < 0.7 and c) FEV1/FVC < lower limit of normal. Results: Of the 1839 subjects, 967 (52.6%) were never-smokers. Among the never-smoking subjects, the prevalence of COPD according to definitions a-c was 7.7%, 4.9% and 3.0%, respectively. The corresponding prevalence of GOLD grade ≥2 was 2.0%, 1.4% and 1.3%. No significant difference in prevalence between the two study areas was observed. In never-smokers, occupational exposure to gas, dust or fumes (GDF) was significantly associated with both COPD (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.03-3.33), and GOLD ≥2 (OR 4.51, 1.72-11.9) according to definition a), after adjusting for age, educational level and exposure to passive smoking at work. Conclusion: Depending on definition, prevalence of COPD among never-smokers was 3.0-7.7%, whereas GOLD ≥2 was present in 1.3-2.0%. Occupational exposure to GDF remained independently and significantly associated with COPD regardless of spirometric definition of the disease.Respiratory medicine 09/2015; DOI:10.1016/j.rmed.2015.09.012 · 3.09 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Welding-related asthma is well recognised but less is known about rhinitis in relation to welding. The aim here, was to study associations between welding, rhinitis and asthma in a general population sample, and factors influencing selection into and out of a welding occupation.Adult-onset asthma and non-infectious rhinitis were investigated in the international multicentre population-based Respiratory Health in Northern Europe (RHINE) study, including 16 191 responders aged 26-54 years. Ever welding (n=2181), welding >25% of working time (n=747), and welding in stainless steel >6 months (n=173) were assessed by questionnaire. Subjects with rhinitis or asthma onset when aged <18 years were excluded. Incidence rates for asthma and rhinitis were calculated from year of disease onset, and start and end of welding job. Cox's proportional hazard models adjusting for age, sex, parental education and study centre, and Kaplan-Meier curves were used.Rhinitis incidence was higher among welders (hazard ratio (HR) 1.4, 95% CI 1.3-1.6), consistent in men and women, and across centres (pheterogeneity=0.4). In men, asthma incidence was higher among welders (HR 1.4, 95% CI 1.04-1.97). Quitting welding was indicated higher after adult-onset rhinitis (HR 1.1, 95% CI 1.0-1.3).Adult-onset rhinitis and asthma was higher among welders, consistent across population samples from Northern Europe. No pre-employment selection was found, whereas selection out of welding jobs was suggested. Copyright ©ERS 2015.European Respiratory Journal 07/2015; DOI:10.1183/13993003.02345-2014 · 7.64 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Objectives To investigate the association between living near dense traffic and lung function in a cohort of adults from a single urban region. Design Cross-sectional results from a cohort study. Setting The adult-onset asthma and exhaled nitric oxide (ADONIX) cohort, sampled during 2001–2008 in Gothenburg, Sweden. Exposure was expressed as the distance from participants' residential address to the nearest road with dense traffic (>10 000 vehicles per day) or very dense traffic (>30 000 vehicles per day). The exposure categories were: low (>500 m; reference), medium (75–500 m) or high (<75 m). Participants The source population was a population-based cohort of adults (n=6153). The study population included 5441 participants of European descent with good quality spirometry and information about all outcomes and covariates. Outcome measures Forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) were measured at a clinical examination. The association with exposure was examined using linear regression adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, smoking status and education in all participants and stratified by sex, smoking status and respiratory health status. Results We identified a significant dose–response trend between exposure category and FEV1 (p=0.03) and borderline significant trend for FVC (p=0.06) after adjusting for covariates. High exposure was associated with lower FEV1 (−1.0%, 95% CI −2.5% to 0.5%) and lower FVC (−0.9%, 95% CI −2.2% to 0.4%). The effect appeared to be stronger in women. In highly exposed individuals with current asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, FVC was lower (−4.5%, 95% CI −8.8% to −0.1%). Conclusions High traffic exposure at the residential address was associated with lower than predicted FEV1 and FVC lung function compared with living further away in a large general population cohort. There were particular effects on women and individuals with obstructive disease.BMJ Open 06/2015; 5(6):e007624. DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-007624 · 2.27 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Cardiopulmonary diseases are major causes of death worldwide, but currently recommended strategies for diagnosis and prevention may be outdated because of recent changes in risk factor patterns. The Swedish CArdioPulmonarybioImage Study (SCAPIS) combines the use of new imaging technologies, advances in large-scale 'omics' and epidemiological analyses to extensively characterize a Swedish cohort of 30 000 men and women aged between 50 and 64 years. The information obtained will be used to improve risk prediction of cardiopulmonary diseases and optimize the ability to study disease mechanisms. A comprehensive pilot study in 1111 individuals, which was completed in 2012, demonstrated the feasibility and financial and ethical consequences of SCAPIS. Recruitment to the national, multicentre study has recently started. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Internal Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Association for Publication of The Journal of Internal Medicine.Journal of Internal Medicine 06/2015; DOI:10.1111/joim.12384 · 6.06 Impact Factor
Article: Influence of Cardiovascular Fitness and Muscle Strength in Early Adulthood on Long-Term Risk of Stroke in Swedish Men[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Low cardiovascular fitness (fitness) in mid- and late life is a risk factor for stroke. However, the respective effects on long-term stroke risk of fitness and muscle strength in early adulthood are unknown. Therefore, we analyzed these in a large cohort of young men. We performed a population-based longitudinal cohort study of Swedish male conscripts registered in 1968 to 2005. Data on fitness (by the cycle ergometric test; n=1 166 035) and muscle strength (n=1 563 750) were trichotomized (low, medium, and high). During a 42-year follow-up, risk of stroke (subarachnoidal hemorrhage, intracerebral hemorrhage, and ischemic stroke) and fatality were calculated with Cox proportional hazards models. To identify cases, we used the International Classification of Diseases-Eighth to Tenth Revision in the Hospital Discharge Register and the Cause of Death Register. First-time stroke events were identified (subarachnoidal hemorrhage, n=895; intracerebral hemorrhage, n=2904; ischemic stroke, n=7767). For all stroke and fatality analysis any type of first-time stroke was recorded (n=10 917). There were inverse relationships in a dose-response fashion between fitness and muscle strength with any stroke (adjusted hazard ratios for the lowest, compared with the highest, tertile of each 1.70 [1.50-1.93] and 1.39 [1.27-1.53], respectively). There were stronger associations for fatal stroke. All 3 stroke types displayed similar associations. Associations between fitness and stroke remained when adjusted for muscle strength, whereas associations between muscle strength and stroke weakened/disappeared when adjusted for fitness. At the age of 18 years, low fitness and to a lesser degree low muscle strength were independently associated with an increased future stroke risk. © 2015 American Heart Association, Inc.Stroke 06/2015; 46(7). DOI:10.1161/STROKEAHA.115.009008 · 5.72 Impact Factor
Article: Prospective Risk of Rheumatologic Disease Associated with Occupational Exposure in a Cohort of Male Construction Workers[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The association between occupational exposure and autoimmune disease is well recognized for silica and suspected for other inhalants. We used a large cohort to estimate the risks rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis and dermatomyositis associated with silica and other occupational exposures. We analyzed data for male Swedish construction industry employees. Exposure was defined by a job exposure matrix for silica and for other inorganic dusts those with other job exposure matrix exposures but not to either of the two inorganic dusts categories were excluded. National hospital treatment data were linked for ICD-10 coded diagnoses of rheumatoid arthritis (seronegative and positive), systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, and dermatomyositis. The two occupational exposures were tested as independent predictors of prospective hospital-based treatment for these diagnoses using age adjusted Poisson multivariable regression analyses to calculate relative risk (RR). We analyzed hospital-based treatment data (1997 through 2010) for 240,983 males aged 30 to 84. There were 713 incident cases of rheumatoid arthritis (467 seropostive; 195 seronegative; 51 not classified) and 128 cases combined for systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, and dermatomyositis. Adjusted for smoking, age, the two occupational exposures (silica and other inorganic dusts) were each associated with increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis , and dermatomyositis combined: RR 1.39 (95% CI 1.17-1.64) and RR 1.31 (95% CI 1.11-1.53), respectively. Among ever smokers, both silica and other inorganic dust exposure were associated with increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RRs 1.36; 95% CI 1.11-1.68 and 1.42; 95% CI 1.17-1.73, respectively), while among never smokers neither exposure was associated with statistically significant increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis. This analysis reaffirms the link between occupational silica and a range of auto-immune diseases, while also suggesting that other inorganic dusts, may also impart excess risk of such disease. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.The American journal of medicine 05/2015; DOI:10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.05.001 · 5.00 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: This population-based cohort study was performed to assess the association between sleep disturbances and the risk of occupational accidents among women. Data were collected by questionnaires on two different occasions (2000 and 2010) and data on work injuries were also collected from Swedish government records (ISA). Insomnia symptoms were defined as having severe or very severe problems with (i) difficulty initiating sleep, (ii) difficulty maintaining sleep, or (iii) early morning awakening. Symptom of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) was defined as reporting both snoring and daytime sleepiness. Working-age respondents (20-67 years of age) who responded to both baseline and follow-up questionnaires and had worked for part or all of the 10-year follow-up period (N=4320) were included in the study. Of the subjects responding to the questionnaire, 12.2% reported ≥1 accident and 6.3% reported an accident requiring sick leave in the government register. Blue-collar workers and night and shift work were more common in the group with occupational accidents. Subjects with insomnia symptoms both at baseline and follow-up (persistent insomnia symptoms) ran a higher risk of being involved in an self-reported occupational accident [adjusted OR (OR adj) 1.5, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.2-2.0] after adjusting for age, body mass index, smoking, alcohol dependency, white- or blue-collar worker, years at work, night work, and physical activity. Persistent insomnia symptoms did not reach statistical significance as an independent predictor of register-reported occupational accident with sick leave (OR adj1.4, 95% CI 0.99-2.1). No significant association was found between symptoms of OSAS and self-reported or register-based occupational accidents. Persistent insomnia symptoms were associated with an increased risk of self-reported occupational accidents, while no significant association was found with occupational accidents with sick leave reported to government register.Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health 04/2015; 41(4). DOI:10.5271/sjweh.3495 · 3.45 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: It has been suggested that gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a risk factor for developing rhinitis/rhinosinusitis, but data are lacking. This is a prospective 10-year follow-up study of a large multicenter cohort from Northern Europe, evaluating the relationship between nocturnal GERD and non-infectious rhinitis (NIR) METHODS: The study comprised 5,417 subjects born between 1945 and 1973, who answered a questionnaire in 1999-2001 and again in 2010-2012. Non-infectious rhinitis was defined as having nasal obstruction, secretion and/or sneezing without having the common cold. Odds ratios for developing NIR in relation to age, gender, BMI, smoking, asthma and nocturnal GERD were calculated RESULTS: During the 10-year observation period, 1,034 subjects (19.1%) developed NIR. Subjects reporting nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux in both 1999 and 2010 had more NIR in 2010 (2.8% vs 1.2%, p<0.001). There was a significant dose-response relationship between the number of reflux episodes/week in 1999 and the risk of having NIR in 2010, p=0.02. In the multiple regression adjusted for age, gender, BMI, tobacco smoke and asthma, those with nocturnal GERD in 1999 (≥3 episodes of nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux symptoms per week) had an OR of 1.6 (95% CI 1.0-2.5, p=0.03) to develop NIR in 2010. Smoking was associated both with an increased risk of developing NIR (30.7% vs 24.0%, p<0.001) and with the development of nocturnal GERD CONCLUSION: This large, population-based, 10-year study indicates that nocturnal GERD was a risk factor for non-infectious rhinitis/rhinosinusitis. GERD should therefore be considered in patients with rhinitis of known and unknown origin This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Allergy 03/2015; 70(6). DOI:10.1111/all.12615 · 6.03 Impact Factor
Article: Psychosocial work environment and risk of ischemic stroke and coronary heart disease: A prospective longitudinal study of 75 236 construction workers[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The present study aimed to investigate whether different dimensions of psychosocial stress, as measured by the job demand-control model (JDC), were associated with increased risks of ischemic stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD). A cohort of 75 236 male construction workers was followed from 1989-2004. Exposure to psychosocial stress was determined by a questionnaire answered in 1989-1993. Events of ischemic stroke and CHD were found by linkage to the Swedish Causes of Death and National Patient registers. Hazard ratios (HR) were obtained from Cox regression models, adjusted for age, smoking habits, body mass index and systolic blood pressure. There were 1884 cases of CHD and 739 cases of ischemic stroke. Regarding ischemic stroke, no association was found between job demands [HR 1.12, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.89-1.40, highest versus lowest quintile] or job control (HR 1.04, 95% CI 0.82-1.32, lowest versus highest quintile). Regarding CHD, job demands were associated to CHD (HR 1.18, 95% CI 1.02-1.37, highest vs. lowest quintile), but no consistent trend was seen among quintiles. The results were inconsistent in relation to job control. The division of JDC into four categories showed no significant associations with either ischemic stroke or CHD. This exploratory study showed no significant associations between psychosocial work environment and ischemic stroke, and the associations between job demands and control and CHD were inconsistent and weak. The combination of job control and job demand showed no significant associations with either ischemic stroke or CHD.Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health 03/2015; 41(3). DOI:10.5271/sjweh.3491 · 3.45 Impact Factor
- Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health 03/2015; 41(1):102-4. DOI:10.5271/sjweh.3457 · 3.45 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The exacerbation of asthma by workplace conditions is common, but little is known about which agents pose a risk. We used data from an existing survey of adults with asthma to identify occupational exposures associated with severe exacerbation of asthma. Questionnaires were completed by 557 working adults with asthma. Severe exacerbation of asthma in the past 12 months was defined as asthma-related hospitalization, or reports of both unplanned asthma care and treatment with a short course of oral corticosteroids. Occupational exposures for the same time period were assessed using an asthma-specific job exposure matrix. We modeled severe exacerbation to yield prevalence ratios (PRs) for exposures while controlling for potential confounders. A total of 164 participants (29%) were positive for severe exacerbation, and 227 (40.8%) were assessed as being exposed to asthma agents at work. Elevated PRs were observed for several specific agents, notably the irritant subcategories of environmental tobacco smoke (PR 1.84, 95%CI 1.34-2.51) among all participants, inorganic dusts (PR 2.53, 95%CI 1.37-4.67) among men, and the low molecular weight subcategory of other highly reactive agents (PR 1.97, 95%CI 1.08-3.60) among women. Among working adults with asthma, severe exacerbation was associated with several occupational agents.The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 02/2015; 19(2):244-250. DOI:10.5588/ijtld.14.0132 · 2.32 Impact Factor
Article: Gas, dust and fume exposure is associated with mite sensitisation and with asthma in mite-sensitised adults[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Occupational exposure to gas, dust and fumes (GDF) increases the risk of asthma and eczema. We investigated the role of sensitisation in the association between GDF and allergic conditions. A population-based sample of 788 adults from the West Sweden Asthma Study completed questionnaires and skin prick tests. After adjustment for confounders GDF exposure was associated with a doubled risk of sensitisation to mites, but not other allergens. Mite sensitisation also modified the effect of GDF on asthma. In mite-sensitised subjects GDF was associated with physician-diagnosed asthma, adjusted OR 2.9 (1.2-7.2) and wheeze, OR 2.4 (1.1-5.3). In non-mite-sensitised subjects the corresponding ORs were 1.1 (0.5-2.6) and 0.6 (0.3-1.3). GDF was independently associated with eczema regardless of mite sensitisation, but not with rhinitis. These novel findings suggest that components of GDF may act as adjuvants that facilitate sensitisation to mites, and that mite-sensitised individuals may be especially susceptible to inhalant occupational exposures.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Allergy 01/2015; 70(5). DOI:10.1111/all.12584 · 6.03 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether psychosocial stress defined as high strain based on the job demand-control model increases risk for atrial fibrillation. The present study comprised 6035 men born between 1915 and 1925 and free from previous coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation and stroke at baseline (1974-1977). Work-related psychosocial stress was measured using a job-exposure matrix for the job demand-control model based on occupation at baseline. The participants were followed from baseline examination until death, hospital discharge or 75 years of age, using the Swedish national register on cause of death and the Swedish hospital discharge register for any registration for atrial fibrillation, resulting in the identification of 436 cases. Data were analysed with Cox regression models with atrial fibrillation as the outcome using high strain as the explanatory variable adjusted for age, smoking, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes and socioeconomic status. There was an increased risk for atrial fibrillation in relation to high strain (HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.003 to 1.75). When the four categories of the job-strain model were included and low strain was used as reference, the risk for high strain decreased (HR 1.23, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.82). Exposure to occupational psychosocial stress defined as high strain may be associated with increased risk for atrial fibrillation. The observed increase in risk is small and residual confounding may also be present. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.Occupational and Environmental Medicine 12/2014; 72(3). DOI:10.1136/oemed-2014-102256 · 3.27 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: A spirometric reference equation consists of a mathematical model with constants and coefficients optimized to fit a specific data set from healthy individuals. Commonly applied models are selected on statistical rather than physiological considerations. A predetermined model with constants and coefficients optimized to various populations would enable interpretable and interesting comparisons between populations. Lubiński and Gólczewski recently presented a piecewise linear model with constants and coefficients claimed to be physiologically interpretable (Lubiński model). Three questions were addressed: Is the Lubiński model as useful clinically as other models: multiple linear, piecewise polynomial and exponential with splines? Will reference equations based on the Lubiński model and optimized to a Swedish and to a Polish population allow for interpretable comparisons? Are three well-known reference equations clinically useful in the Swedish adult population? A recent Swedish random population sample with high-quality spirometric measurements enabled the present analyses. When optimized to fit the Swedish population sample, the Lubiński model and two other models provided accurate predictive normal values. Interesting differences were demonstrated between the Polish and Swedish populations. The proportion of subjects below lower limit normal was adequate for the piecewise polynomial equations but too low and not clinically useful for the advocated exponential equations with splines. It is concluded that the Lubiński model is clinically as useful as other models, and it adds important value and is recommended for future spirometric reference equations for adults. The advocated exponential equations with splines are not recommended for Swedish adults because of too wide normal limits.Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging 10/2014; DOI:10.1111/cpf.12198 · 1.44 Impact Factor
Article: CETP TaqIB genotype modifies the association between alcohol and coronary heart disease: The INTERGENE case-control study[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Alcohol consumption at moderate levels has been associated with decreased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). However, the cardio-protective effect of alcohol may be restricted to subjects with a particular genotype of the cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) polymorphism. There is evidence for this from one study in men, but the finding has not been confirmed since. The present study specifically re-examines the potential modification of the association between alcohol consumption and CHD by the CETP TaqIB (rs708272) polymorphism in a sample including both men and women. The INTERGENE case-control study consists of 618 patients with CHD and 2921 control subjects, of whom 19% were homozygous for the CETP TaqIB B2 allele. Alcohol consumption was categorized into sex-specific tertiles of ethanol intake, with non-drinkers constituting a separate category. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between CHD with genotype, ethanol intake, and their interaction. Participants with intermediate ethanol intake (2nd tertile) had lower risk of CHD than those with low ethanol intake (OR = 0.65; 95% CI 0.50–0.85). The strongest protective association was seen in theCETP TaqIB B2 homozygotes for intermediate vs. low ethanol intake (odds ratio [OR] = 0.21; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.10–0.44). The interaction between ethanol intake and genotype was statistically significant (p = 0.008), and of similar size in men and women though significant only in men (p = 0.01). The effect modification could not be explained by differences in lifestyle, socioeconomics, or alcohol-related biological variables such as HDL-cholesterol. Our study is the first to replicate previous findings of an effect modification in men. It gives only suggestive results for women, possibly due to the small number of female cases (n = 165). The prevented fraction for the favorable combination of genotype and alcohol consumption is about 6%, a value suggesting that the cardio-protective effect of moderate alcohol consumption applies only to a small segment of the general population.Alcohol 09/2014; 48(7). DOI:10.1016/j.alcohol.2014.08.011 · 2.01 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Psychological factors such as anxiety and depression are prevalent in patients with asthma. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between respiratory symptoms and psychological status and to estimate the importance of psychological status in comparison with other factors that are known to be associated with respiratory symptoms. This study included 2270 subjects aged 20–44 (52% female) from Sweden, Iceland, and Norway. Each participant underwent a clinical interview including questions on respiratory symptoms. Spirometry and methacholine challenge were performed. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Eighty-two percent of the subjects reported no anxiety or depression whatsoever, 11% reported anxiety, 2.5% depression and 4% reported both anxiety and depression. All respiratory symptoms, such as wheezing, breathlessness and nightly symptoms, were more common, at a statistically significant level, in participants who had depression and anxiety, even after adjusting for confounders (ORs 1.33 – 1.94). The HADS score was the most important determinant for nightly symptoms and attacks of breathlessness when at rest whereas bronchial responsiveness was the most important determinant for wheezing, and breathlessness when wheezing. The probability of respiratory symptoms related to HADS score increased with increasing HADS score for all respiratory symptoms. In conclusion, there is a strong association between respiratory symptoms and psychological status. There is therefore a need for interventional studies designed to improve depression and anxiety in patients with respiratory symptoms.Respiratory Medicine 09/2014; 108(11). DOI:10.1016/j.rmed.2014.09.007 · 3.09 Impact Factor
Conference Paper: Respiratory symptoms and change of workplace in the general population of Telemark, Norway A. K. M. Fell, R. Abrahamsen, M. V. Svendsen, P. K. Henneberger, O. Espeland, K. Torén, J. S. Kongerud (Skien, Oslo, Norway; Morgantown, United States Of America; Göteborg, Sweden)[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Respiratory symptoms at work are common and may lead to change of workplace. So far no data has been available regarding the change of workplace due to respiratory symptoms in Norway. The county of Telemark is of particular interest because it is one of the most industrialized onshore parts of Norway.METHOD: A self-administered respiratory and work exposurequestionnaire was mailed to a random sample of 50.000 inhabitants aged 16 to 50 years living in Telemark County, Norway. The response rate was 33%. Prevalence of asthma was 12% both in responders and in non-responders (contacted by telephone, n=183), suggesting the sample is representative.RESULTS: Fifteen percent of the sample reported exposure to vapor, gas, dust and fumesat work on a daily basis. Twenty-six percent reported asthma symptoms (wheezing, chest tightness or dyspnoea) during the past 12 months, and 1.5% had ever changed their work due to respiratory symptoms. The most frequently reported exposures, based on an asthma-specific job-exposure matrix (the Nordic JEM), leading to change of work were irritative-agents (62%), low-molecular weight-agents (25%) and high-molecular weight-agents (15%). The most prevalent reported single exposures associated with workplace change due to respiratory symptoms were: low temperatures 52% and odds ratio (OR) 2.0 (95% CI 1.4, 2.8), welding fumes 40% and OR 3.7 (2.6, 5.3), paint 40% and OR 3.7 (2.6, 5.3), and metal dust 39% and OR 3.6 (2.5, 5.1).CONCLUSION: Exposures to low temperatures, welding fumes, paints and metal dust were associated with increased risk of change of workplace due to respiratory symptoms in this sample from the general population of Norway.European Respiratory Society Congress 2014, Munich, Germany; 09/2014
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ABSTRACT: Objectives Little is known about the Hymenoptera venom allergy impact on work ability and the effect of venom immunotherapy (VIT) on work. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and predictors of work disability in patients treated with VIT and the effects of VIT on occupational functioning. Methods 181 patients, aged 18–71 years, treated with VIT while working, were investigated by questionnaire. Participants were classified into employed and self-employed and, based on work exposure to Hymenoptera, into three risk categories: high risk, occasionally high risk and low risk. Work disability was defined as having to have changed jobs/tasks and/or suffered economic loss because of Hymenoptera venom allergy. Predictors of work disability were assessed in logistic regression models. Results 31 (17%) patients reported work disability. Being self-employed and having the severe reaction at work were associated with work disability (p<0.01). Having a high-risk job for exposure to Hymenoptera was a significant predictor of work disability (OR 2.66, 95% CI 1.04 to 6.75). 24% of patients referred a positive effect of VIT on work. Determinants of the positive effect of VIT on work were having a high-risk job for exposure to hymenoptera (OR 3.60, 95% CI 1.52 to 8.51) and having already concluded VIT (OR 2.82, 95% CI 1.30 to 6.14). Conclusions Hymenoptera venom allergy could determine work disability. Patients with Hymenoptera venom allergy having a high-risk job for exposure to Hymenoptera seem to have higher risk of work disability and refer more frequently a positive effect of VIT on work.BMJ Open 08/2014; 4(8):e005593. DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005593 · 2.27 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: SettingA county in western Sweden. Objective To prospectively investigate the incidence rate of chronic bronchitis (CB) in relation to smoking, age, sex, atopy and asthma in a large sample of the general population. DesignSubjects from a county in western Sweden born between 1943 and 1973, who had participated in our previous study in 1993, were mailed a new questionnaire in 2003. Altogether 11 463 (72%) answered the questionnaire, which comprised items about smoking, atopy, respiratory symptoms and age at onset of CB symptoms. CB was defined as chronic productive cough for at least 3 months per year for 2 consecutive years. ResultsThere were 98 new cases of CB during 1993–2003 in the study population aged 30-60 years at follow-up. The incidence rate was 0.9/1000 person-years (py); there was no significant difference between women and men or different age groups. However, CB incidence was higher in women in relation to smoking (incidence rate ratio 3.6, 95%CI 1.9–7.3) and in those with ever asthma (hazard ratio 5.6, 95%CI 3.5–9.0). Conclusion This prospective general population-based study shows an incidence rate of CB of 0.9/1000 py. Smoking and asthma were both associated with an increased risk of CB.The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 07/2014; 18(7). DOI:10.5588/ijtld.13.0652 · 2.32 Impact Factor
Article: Psychosocial work environment, job mobility and gender differences in turnover behaviour: A prospective study among the Swedish general population[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Background Throughout the literature, substantial evidence supports associations between poor psychosocial work characteristics and a variety of ill-health outcomes. Yet, few reports strategies workers carry out to improve detrimental work conditions and consequently their health, such as changing jobs. The aim of this study was to examine if adverse psychosocial work exposure, as measured with the job demand-control and effort-reward imbalance models, could predict job mobility over a 5 years observation period. Method Participants were working men and women (n = 940; 54.3% women), aged 24–60 years from the population of Gothenburg and surrounding metropolitan area. Job demand-control and effort-reward variables were compared with independent t-tests and chi2-test in persons with and without job mobility. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyse whether psychosocial factors could predict job mobility. All regression analyses were stratified by gender. Results Exposure to a combination of high demands-low control or high imbalance between effort and reward was related to increased odds of changing jobs (OR 1.63; CI 1.03-2.59 and OR 1.46; CI 1.13-1.89 respectively). When analysing men and women separately, men had a higher OR of changing jobs when exposed to either high demands-low control (OR 2.72; CI 1.24-5.98) or high effort-reward imbalance (OR 1.74; CI 1.11-2.72) compared to reference values. The only significant associations for women was slightly decreased odds for turnover in high reward jobs (OR 0.96; CI 0.92-0.99). Conclusions The results indicate that workers will seek to improve poor work environment by changing jobs. There were notable gender differences, where men tended to engage in job mobility when exposed to adverse psychosocial factors, while women did not. The lack of measures for mechanisms driving job mobility was a limitation of this study, thus preventing conclusions regarding psychosocial factors as the primary source for job mobility.BMC Public Health 06/2014; 14(1):605. DOI:10.1186/1471-2458-14-605 · 2.26 Impact Factor
Top Journals
Università degli Studi di PerugiaPerugia, Umbria, Italy
University of Gothenburg
Goeteborg, Västra Götaland, Sweden
- • Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition
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- • Department of Public Health and Community Medicine
- • Unit of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
Sahlgrenska University Hospital
Goeteborg, Västra Götaland, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology
Haukeland University Hospital
Bergen, Hordaland, Norway
- Department of Thoracic Medicine
Karolinska Institutet
Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
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Public Health Agency of SwedenTukholma, Stockholm, Sweden
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Umeå, Västerbotten, Sweden
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Uppsala University
Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
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