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Auto parts manufacturers body takes up mixed land use with mayor
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A number of factories located in 'mixed land use' areas cannot do their expansion because till now they have not been given clearance by the Municipal Corporation. This has hampered the growth of industrial units in many areas.
This was stated by the members of the Auto Parts Manufacturers' Association at the general body meeting held on Monday night. Mayor H S Gohalwaria, who was the chief guest, assured that he would go through the pending files.
Ranjodh Singh, general secretary of the association, said, "Our members having units in Janta Nagar and the surrounding areas cannot even buy a single machine, cannot enhance any electricity load."
However, the mayor asked the industrialists to take care of their surroundings as well. He invited them to take care of the greenbelts in Focal Point by forming park management committees (PMCs) which can make the area clean and green.
The industrialists agreed to maintain two parks by forming PMCs.
The mayor added, "The residents also need to realise their duties. We are also accountable for the works."
G S Kahlon, president of the association, said, "We are already maintaining one park outside our auto parts building in Focal Point and now will take care of two more. No doubt, the green belts are in deplorable condition in Focal Point, but industrialists also need to share some responsibilities."
Besides, the association members spoke about the auto parts cluster for which they had already acquired 25 acres in Kohara and nominated members to run the cluster.
The members were told that in case of overseas exhibitions, the participant can get up to 70% subsidy from the government. They were also told about subsidies in equipment and many other schemes as well which a number of them were not availing as yet.


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Because the Royals and Orioles were postponed on Monday, there are two Game 3s set for Tuesday.
Nationals Talk
Ross Detwiler, Danny Espinosa and Tyler Moore were once part of the Nationals' long-term plan. Now, they could be on their way out of the organization.
Game 3 of the ALCS in Kansas City has been rained out. The Orioles and Royals will now play Tuesday at 8:07 p.m. EDT.
The Nationals can bring nearly their entire relief corps, one of baseball's best this season, back in 2015. But might Mike Rizzo actually be looking to strengthen what already looks like a major strength?
Kolten Wong and the St. Louis Cardinals rallied again with their latest postseason power show, tying the NL Championship Series at a game apiece.

subset: commoncrawl


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A way to help Hawaii's hungry KeikiUPDATED 8:32 AM HST Sep 02, 2014
Food Network Chef, Alex Guarnaschelli, and chief brand officer for the No Kid Hungry project, Lindsey Spindle, are talking about a tremendous campaign that will help hungry kids.
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It's time to take off the kid gloves with regards religion (christianity and Islam in particular).
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Tolerating these psycho's and their blood cults has gone on long enough. If they had their way they'd still be burning and torturing unbelievers.
Fuck them and their 'message of peace and love'.
It's been one massive scam from the word go and personally I'm sick of it.
It's invasive because they advertise it everywhere and it is an insult to rational, decent human beings.
They indoctrinate children that are unable to think for themselves with their insane, violent bullshit and simply expect everyone else to respect that.
They're child molesters...
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You are nothing more than a misled person. A non-believer.
I tell you now that God is in control, friend. He has always been in control. We were foretold of those like you thousands of years ago written in Psalms. Can you even refute that type of wisdom? Hardly.
In regards to Islam... Islam is a religion. Christianity is a reality - just look around for proof. Worship of the war god Allah and Mohammed is idolatry. The wisdom contained in Christianity is beyond anything in Islam because it is not inspired by the Holy Spirit. It is nothing more than a religion brought about by a war lord child molester; much like the Taliban of that time. Matter of fact Ishmael had his beginnings in Genesis.
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Kukla's Korner Hockey
Category: Non-NHL-Hockey
Team USA Camp Was No Social Gathering
by Paul on 08/19/09 at 06:01 PM ET
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from Scott Burnside of ESPN,
And so, 34 American hopefuls departed suburban Chicago on Wednesday with their Olympic appetites merely whetted.
The main course begins Oct. 1, when these players will begin a three-month audition for a berth on the 2010 U.S. Olympic team in Vancouver with the start of the National Hockey League's regular season.
In the past, pre-Olympic gatherings like the three-day event that ended here Wednesday night would have been more a mixer, a social. Given a relatively shallow talent pool, the rosters would have been pretty much set beforehand.
Not now.
Filed in: Non-NHL Hockey, International Hockey, | KK Hockey | Permalink
Tags: team+usa
Pierre McGuire Talks Team Canada
by Paul on 08/19/09 at 12:34 PM ET
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from Rachel Brady of CTV Olympics,
What are the key things you will be watching for at camp?
1. The type of system Mike Babcock wants to put in place for this staff. That's a major reason why this camp takes place, so the players understand the mindset and the philosophy the coaching staff, because you don't have a lot of prep time going into the Olympics.
2. How the younger players respond to the pressure of being in a camp like this with more established players. I'll use Sidney Crosby as an example - he'll be a focal point player. How does he respond to the challenge? I think he'll do very well, but it will be so interesting to see him in that environment.
Filed in: Non-NHL Hockey, International Hockey, | KK Hockey | Permalink
Tags: pierre+mcguire, team+canada
Reporting Almost Live From Team USA Camp
by Paul on 08/18/09 at 07:16 PM ET
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Scott Burnside and Pierre LeBrun give us an update from day 2.
Good to see both back to work too.
Filed in: Non-NHL Hockey, International Hockey, | KK Hockey | Permalink
Tags: team+usa
Chelios Talks Team USA & His Future
by Paul on 08/18/09 at 04:49 PM ET
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Also from Team USA Camp, watch Mike Modano and Scott Gomez.
Watch many other Team USA participants here.
Filed in: NHL Teams, Non-NHL Hockey, International Hockey, | KK Hockey | Permalink
Tags: chris+chelios, team+usa
Rafalski Talks Team USA
by Paul on 08/18/09 at 03:40 PM ET
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Filed in: NHL Teams, Detroit Red Wings, Non-NHL Hockey, International Hockey, | KK Hockey | Permalink
Tags: brian+rafalski, team+usa
Komisarek Talks Team USA & Leafs
by Paul on 08/18/09 at 11:52 AM ET
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from NHL This Morning at NHL Home Ice,
Team USA hopeful Mike Komisarek of the Toronto Maple Leafs joined Scott Laughlin from the USA Olympic orientation camp in Chicago. Mike talked about representing his country and joining the Maple Leafs this off-season
Filed in: NHL Teams, Toronto Maple Leafs, Non-NHL Hockey, International Hockey, | KK Hockey | Permalink
Tags: mike+komisarek, team+usa
Let's Talk Dany
by Paul on 08/18/09 at 09:46 AM ET
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from Ken Warren of the Ottawa Citizen,
The Canadian Olympic men's hockey team wants no part of any Dany Heatley distraction.
That's why Hockey Canada's officials hope to talk to Heatley's agents, J.P. Barry and Stacey McAlpine, during the next day or two, asking the disgruntled Ottawa Senators star to clear the air before the Olympic team's summer orientation camp opens Monday in his hometown of Calgary.
"We would obviously prefer to get this out of the way as quickly as possible," André Brin, Hockey Canada's manager of communications, said Monday. "We'll see what happens over the next couple of days, but once the camp starts, we want to worry about the camp. At some point, (Heatley) has to be available."
Filed in: NHL Teams, Ottawa Senators, Non-NHL Hockey, International Hockey, | KK Hockey | Permalink
Tags: dany+heatley, team+canada
The Team Canada Sweater
by Paul on 08/17/09 at 08:08 PM ET
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from CBC,
The jerseys feature a large maple leaf crest in the centre on either a red or white background. Inside the crest are smaller maple leaves representing the gold medal counts for Canada's men's, women's and ice sledge hockey teams, and a nod to the traditional Team Canada image of a hockey player and stick.
But the design also includes a thunderbird and an eagle — two powerful First Nations symbols — supporting and protecting the central maple leaf. A small Nike swoosh appears above and to the left of the maple leaf.
more including a picture…
Filed in: Non-NHL Hockey, International Hockey, | KK Hockey | Permalink
Tags: team+canada
Kane Talks A Bit More On The Cab Incident
by Paul on 08/17/09 at 04:53 PM ET
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from Chris Kruc of Icing at the Chicago Tribune,
A subdued Patrick Kane met with the media following the opening practice of the 2009 U.S. Men's Olympic orientation camp Monday. After reading a prepared statement earlier in the day, the Blackhawks winger later discussed his Aug. 9 arrest following an altercation with a Buffalo cabdriver.
"I haven't really told anyone my side of the story to be honest with you," Kane said. "The only one who really knows is my lawyer and my family. That's about as far as it goes. [I want to] move on and try to get over this. It's been very supportive from a lot of people. It's times like these maybe you can live and learn and find out who your true friends are at an early age."
Kane was one of 34 NHL players at the camp at Seven Bridges Ice Arena in Woodridge, which is the first step toward determining the 23-man roster for the 2010 Winter Olympics team in Vancouver.
Filed in: NHL Teams, Chicago Blackhawks, Non-NHL Hockey, International Hockey, | KK Hockey | Permalink
Tags: patrick+kane, team+usa
Aaron Downey Trying To Get Kids On The Ice
by Paul on 08/17/09 at 04:27 PM ET
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from Chris Halliday of The Orangeville Banner,
Known inside certain National Hockey League (NHL) circles as Aaron 'one punch and he's Downey', the Honeywood native is doing anything but knocking kids off their skates.
In fact, Downey, his brother Trevor Downey and friend Shawn Kilshaw of Montreal are trying to place as many youth into Canada's minor hockey system as possible. Three years ago, the group founded the House9 Hockey Foundation, a charity which aims to help underprivileged youth pay for minor hockey registration fees and equipment.
"Hockey is an expensive sport and what a privilege it is to play. But many don't have the opportunity," Aaron said. "We've always wanted to do something, a way to put kids into hockey and House9 is what we came up with."
Filed in: Hockey Related Stories, Non-NHL Hockey, Youth Hockey, | KK Hockey | Permalink
Tags: aaron+downey
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About Kukla's Korner Hockey
Paul Kukla founded Kukla's Korner in 2005 and the site has since become the must-read site on the 'net for all the latest happenings around the NHL.
From breaking news to in-depth stories around the league, KK Hockey is updated with fresh stories all day long and will bring you the latest news as quickly as possible.
Email Paul anytime at firstname.lastname@example.com


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Earlier this week we saw a stark lesson in the power of a label when it comes to promoting your business.
Using the right vocabulary is everything when it comes to writing powerful copy. And though I adore words even more than donuts, it was only recently that I realized I had been using some of them all wrong.


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Roll of Honour:
Frank Watts Davis
Rank: Second Lieutenant
Unit: 50th Australian Infantry Battalion
Service: Australian Army
Conflict: First World War, 1914-1918
Date of death: 02 February 1917
Place of death: France
Cause of death: Killed in action
Age at death: 23
Place of association: Port Lincoln, South Australia, Australia
Cemetery or memorial details: Bernafay Wood British Cemetery, Montauban, Picardie, France
Source: AWM145 Roll of Honour cards, 1914-1918 War, Army
Location on the Roll of Honour
Frank Watts Davis' name is located at 150 in the Commemorative Area at the Australian War Memorial .
Roll of Honour name projection
Frank Watts Davis' name will be projected onto the exterior of the Hall of Memory on:
- Sun 18 October, 2015 at 12:51 am
- Sun 20 December, 2015 at 1:43 am
- Mon 15 February, 2016 at 11:49 pm
- Sun 10 April, 2016 at 7:37 pm
- Wed 25 May, 2016 at 11:51 pm
- Wed 6 July, 2016 at 9:28 pm
- Sat 20 August, 2016 at 3:14 am
- Mon 10 October, 2016 at 2:56 am
- Sun 11 December, 2016 at 4:39 am
- Tue 14 February, 2017 at 1:50 am
These dates and times are estimates. Please note that previous advised times on this site have recently been changed to ensure that early evening projections are clearly visible and not affected by twilight. The actual time of projection could also change as a result of weather and other factors, so it is advisable to check closer to the date. In the rare event of a temporary loss of electrical power, the names scheduled for display in that period will not appear until the next time listed.


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Automatic score reporting for the Computer-Based Test for both initial certification and recertification is temporarily unavailable while we transition to the new examination piloted in July. Results will be mailed out 6 - 8 weeks after testing dates. Automatic score reporting will return in November. We apologize for the inconvenience.
If you have any questions or concerns, please call the CBIC office at (414) 918-9796 or email at firstname.lastname@example.com for further assistance.
CBIC and its partner, Prometric offer computerized international testing services. For a complete list of testing locations, please click here.


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Click any word in a definition or example to find the entry for that word
90% of the time, speakers of English use just 7,500 words in speech and writing. These words appear in red, and are graded with stars. One-star words are frequent, two-star words are more frequent, and three-star words are the most frequent.
The thesaurus of synonyms and related words is fully integrated into the dictionary. Click on the thesaurus category heading under the button in an entry to see the synonyms and related words for that meaning.more
We would like to find someone with more experience.
limited/considerable/extensive experience
You need to get more management experience.
Experience told me not to believe him.
Helen knew from past experience that there was no point in arguing with him.
In my experience, very intelligent people can still make terrible mistakes.
our childhood experiences
The whole thing must have been an interesting experience for you.
an opportunity for people to share their experiences of living with the disease
This is the British English definition of experience. View American English definition of experience.
Change your default dictionary to American English.
in an online conversation, repeatedly asking a person questions which suggest that you are interested in what they are talking about, but are actually intended to annoy themBuzzWord Article
Open Dictionary
an electric skateboardadd a word
More submissionsview entries
A must for anyone with an interest in the changing face of language. The Macmillan Dictionary blog explores English as it is spoken around the world today.global English and language change from our blog


text: DSpace Collection: http://hdl.handle.net/10386/33 2015-09-10T15:13:04Z 2015-09-10T15:13:04Z Synthesis, characterization and kinetic studies of porphyrins with thiolated side chains for functionalization of paramagnetic iron-oxide- gold, core- shell nanoparticles Eshilokun, Adeolu O. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/675 2013-03-09T22:00:44Z 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z Title: Synthesis, characterization and kinetic studies of porphyrins with thiolated side chains for functionalization of paramagnetic iron-oxide- gold, core- shell nanoparticles Authors: Eshilokun, Adeolu O. Abstract: 5,1 0, ,15,20-Tetrakis[3-(3-thioacetoxypropoxy)phenyl]porphyrin a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT) was synthesized from 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde. Acid and alkaline hydrolysis of the thioacetoxypropoxyphenyl porphyrin was attempted to afford a free base porphyrin, 5,10, 15,20-tetrakis[3-(3-thiolpropoxy)phenyl]porphyrin but not achieved. Spectroscopic data indicates that partial hydrolysis occurred. 1HNMR, 13CNMR, UV-Visible and Infra-red spectrometers were used to characterize all the compounds. The synthesized porphyrin was immobilized on gold coated superparamagnetic iron oxide (Fe304@Au) nanoparticles for possible use as a carrier or drug delivery system for the porphyrin to cancer sites. The use of magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical applications have been proposed to a large extent for several years. In recent years nanotechnology has developed to a stage that makes it possible to produce, characterize and specifically tailor the functional properties of nanoparticles for clinical applications. This has led to various opportunities such as improving the quality of magnetic resonance imaging, hyperthermia treatment for malignant cells, site-specific drug delivery and the manipulation of cell membranes. To this end a variety of iron oxide nanoparticles have been synthesized. Using co-precipitation method, nanoparticles comprised of gold shell and magnetite/maghemite were synthesized by overgrowing the gold shell onto the magnetic seeds using sodium citrates as a reducing agent. Oxidized magnetites (Fe304) fabricated by co-precipitation of Fe2+ and Fe3+ in strong alkaline solution were used as magnetic cores. These magnetic nanoparticles were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image indicated that the particles were well dispersed nd spherical in shape with an average size of 34 - 58 nm with the mean particle diameter of 42.41 nm :!: 12.03 nm and standard deviation of (a) 0.27 nm indicating broad size distribution for the superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION), the particle diameters for the gold coated SPION are in the range 34-54 nm while the average particle size as determined from the TEM image for the selected fraction is 44.26 nm :t 6.93 nm. The relative standard deviation of the sizes of the nanoparticles is 0.16 nm and the TEM for the functionalized gold coated SPION shows monodispersed particles which appear in spherical, cubic, irregular hexagon and oblong shapes with an average diameter of 44.65 nm. The HRTEM image, shows the existence of lattice planes which confirms the crystallinity of the material. The spacing between adjacent lattice planes is about 0.23 nm which corresponds to the (311) interplanar distance of Fe304 nanocrystals. Atomic force microscopy (ATM) was used to confirm the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and HRTEM findings. The UV-Visible absorption spectra of the deionised water used in the procedure of preparation of the as-synthesized nanoparticles showed no absorption peak in a wavelength range of 350-750 nm, but after introducing the suspension of the Au-coated magnetic nanoparticles, an absorption peak located at 526 nm appeared which is ascribed to the surface plasmon of nanosized Fe304@Au nanoparticles. The kinetic studies using UV-visible spectrometer and the HRTEM images confirmed the adsorption of the porphyrin macromolecules as a coat on the magnetites particles. At a 5000 revolution per second (rps), aliquot sample of the aqueous phase of the suspension of 0.002 mM Fe304@Au in contact with the organic phase solution of the porphyrin taken for absorbance measurement at every 600 s showed a decrease in the concentration of the suspension while a noticeable and appreciable increase was also noted in the concentration of the porphyrin macromolecules measured at a A max of 420 nm representing the functionalized sample. A new absorption peak of 535 nm was recorded for the nanoparticle/porphyrin phase. A clear magnetic behaviour was established from the two different samples (coated and functionalised samples) using superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer. No long-range cooperative behaviour is evident anywhere from room temperature down to 2 K, which attests to a characteristic length of the scale of the Fe-magnetic agglomeratios on the nano-scale. Being especially prone to intrinsic ferromagnetic ordering, any impurity form of Fe or macro-scale Fe aggregates would impart a very large and easily identifiable magnetic signal. Such a reponse was completely absent from these stud ies and hence testifies to the homogeneity quality of the materials under investigation. KEY WORDS: photodynamic therapy, photosensitizer, porphyrins, magnetites, maghemite, crystalinity, magnetic seeds, nanoparticles, Description: Thesis (PhD (Organic Chemistry) -- University of Limpopo, 2011. 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z The effects of hair relaxer treatment on the amino acid profile and surface characteristics of South African Negroid hair Ndlovu (Mamabolo), Thabisile Mavis http://hdl.handle.net/10386/669 2013-03-09T22:01:04Z 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z Title: The effects of hair relaxer treatment on the amino acid profile and surface characteristics of South African Negroid hair Authors: Ndlovu (Mamabolo), Thabisile Mavis Abstract: Surveys indicate that most South African origin women want long and straight hair (Mamabolo and Summers, 2006). Such women will therefore use a relaxer to straighten their hair. Many such preparations cause damage to the hair and scalp; hence identification of an effective and mild relaxer would be advantageous. This dissertation investigates South African origin hair structure and goes on to describe the effects of relaxers on South African origin hair. This work also analyses the effects of the lye and no-lye relaxers separately. The work was divided into two sections. The first section was the clinical study where two types of relaxers ('lye', a sodium hydroxide base relaxer and 'no-lye', a guanidine hydroxide base relaxer) were applied on the new outgrowth representing natural hair in a half-head study design of five South African origin female volunteers. Subjective (subject self-assessment) and objective (Researcher assessment) hair assessments were performed. The second section was the analysis of the hair samples by Reversed-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) using the Pico Tag as well as Electron Microscopy. There was no erythema detected in the clinical study on the scalp of any of the subjects post-application. Both the researcher and the subjects assessed the performance of the no-lye relaxer to be better than the lye relaxer in terms of straightness. The researcher also assessed the performance of the no-lye relaxer to be better than the lye relaxer in terms of softness, shininess, volume and dryness. The performance of the two types of relaxers was assessed to be the same by both the researcher and the subjects in terms of length and damage. There was a statistically significant (p< 0.1) decrease in the amount (g/100 g hair) of cystine after treatment compared to before treatment with both the lye relaxer (median [range]) (7.8 [2.5-9.9] vs. 9.1 [6.7-11.9]; p= 0.086) and the no-lye relaxer (4.0 [2.9-4.8] vs. 9.1 [6.7-11.9]; p= 0.005); this decrease was significantly greater (p= 0.086) for the no-lye relaxer. There was also a statistically significant decrease in the amount of lysine after treatment compared to before treatment with both the lye relaxer (2.0 [1.5-2.3] vs. 2.1 [2.0-2.6]; p= 0.082) and the no-lye relaxer (2.0 [1.5-2.2]; p= 0.036); this decrease was not significantly different (p= 0.920) for the two types of relaxer. No significant differences were found in the levels of the remaining 15 amino acids analysed. For all the subjects no physical evidence of hair damage was observable from the scanning electron microscopy images of the hair shafts and the cuticles. The longer wash-off time confirmed the claimed relative safety of 'no-lye' relaxers. The no-lye relaxer performed better overall than the lye relaxer in terms of the hair quality parameters assessed. A decrease in cystine levels is consistent with better performance in terms of hair straightness. The results from electron microscopy were not conclusive. Description: Thesis (MSc (Chemistry)) -- University of Limpopo, 2011. 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z Zero divisors in banach algebras Mudau, Leonard Gumani http://hdl.handle.net/10386/632 2013-02-16T22:00:51Z 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z Title: Zero divisors in banach algebras Authors: Mudau, Leonard Gumani Abstract: Summary not available Description: Thesis (M.Sc. (Mathematics) -- University of Limpopo, 2010 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z Isolation and characterization of antibacterial and antioxidant compounds present in Combretum collinum subspecie suluense Ramurafhi, Thinashaka Ephraim http://hdl.handle.net/10386/448 2012-09-08T22:01:07Z 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z Title: Isolation and characterization of antibacterial and antioxidant compounds present in Combretum collinum subspecie suluense Authors: Ramurafhi, Thinashaka Ephraim Abstract: Isolation and characterization of antibacterial and antioxidant compounds present in Combretum collinum Sub specie Suluense Leaf extracts of six different plants, many of which are used by traditional healers, were screened for antibacterial activity. Ethyl acetate and Methanol extracts of Adina microcephaha, Combretum aurea, Combretum bracteosam, Combretum collinum, Filicium decipiens and Ficus moraceae were screened. Of these acetone extracted the highest mass of 118 mg from Filicium decipiens as compared to the extracts from the Adina microcephala, Combretum aurea, Combretum bracteosum, Combretum collinum and Ficus decipiens. Two unknown compounds were isolated, characterized and their minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined; compound A = 0.5689 mg/ml and compound E = 1.479 mg/ml. The chemical structure proposed for unknown compound A from Combretum collinum subsp suluense was determined by correlation of HNMR, FT-IR and GC-MS data. The chemical structure of compound E was not proposed because it was masked by a phthalate pollutant, the structure of which was confirmed by correlation of GC-MS, FT-IR and 1HNMR data. O O O O Proposed structure of compound from vial A Proposed structure of phthalate pollutant Description: Thesis (MSc (Chemistry))University of Limpopo, 2011. 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z


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Dec 22, 2011
Banco de Bogota has closed a $500m 3-year bullet facility, bringing on board a total of 12 banks and wrapping up a take-out for...
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Oct 21 - 22, 2015 | Grand Hyatt, Playa del Carmen, México
SFLA will convene in Playa del Carmen, Mexico the most important issuers and investors from across...
Will a strong dollar deter investors from LatAm bonds?
No, the yield-hunt goes on
Yes, but only retail investors
Yes, once the Fed raises rates
It is difficult to say whether [Brazil] will manage to go through a stage of 'blood, sweat and tears' after so many years of 'sex, drugs and rock and roll'.
Luis Stuhlberger, Verde Asset Management
All material is subject to strictly enforced copyright terms & conditions and cannot be repurposed or reproduced. © 2015 Latin American Financial Publications Inc.


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Monday, August 10 7:00am – Report to Macedonia Rec. Center 7:30am – Depart from Rec. Center
10:00am – Arrival at Casino (approx) 3:00pm – Depart Casino (approx) 5:30pm – Arrive Macedonia Rec Center
*no enroute stop Try your luck at the Rivers Casino in Pittsburgh, PA! Enjoy over 2,900 slots and a variety of table games. Spend five hours at casino and receive $20 in free play. Depart from and return to the Macedonia Rec. Center. Deadline to register is July 27 at the Rec Center. No drop ins. No coupon.
Member $27 / Resident $30 / Non Resident $35


text:
Wonder Woman No Time For Naughty Poster
(approx. $6.01 or €5.45)
- In Stock
- Usually Ships in 1-2 Days
- UK & Worldwide Delivery
- Product Type: Poster
- Size: 61cm x 91.5cm
- Product Code: 61892
Exclaiming 'No Time For Naughty!' Wonder Woman looks picture perfect in this retro delight! Set on a deep red backdrop, the DC Comic superheroine sports her signature blue hair and red lipstick in this gorgeous poster that is guaranteed to seduce you! Officially Licensed.


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Wapello Shopping
Wapello clothing, shoes, furniture, cars, pets, electronics and appliance stores, deals and discounts
No car listings were found around Wapello, IA at this time. Please check again soon.
Featured Coupons
Special Offer | Expires on Dec 15, 2015
D & P Taxi Services Muscatine, IA. (563) 288-5500
Electronics • Women's Apparel • Toys & Games
Computers • Furniture • Flowers and more ...
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Major Lazer's 'Lean On' Was Almost a Rihanna Song
Diplo says Rihanna and Nicki Minaj both "passed" on the top 10 hit, which features vocals from co-writer MØ.
Diplo says Rihanna and Nicki Minaj both "passed" on the top 10 hit, which features vocals from co-writer MØ.
Skrillex and Diplo had a spontaneous jam session with members of Arcade Fire last month, and they might be turning it into a full-length album.
Diplo tweeted something about Brit Brit. A hint of what's to come, or just a lyric?
If you're not already in love with the reggae-meets-pop Major Lazer track, its supernatural video may charm you.
Justin Bieber told Martha Stewart all about his new album in a conversation for 'Interview' magazine.
Producer-slash-DJ Diplo touched on all things pop in a recent interview -- from Justin Bieber and Taylor Swift to Madonna.
A newly released behind-the-scenes video is here to answer all of your questions about the "Where Are U Now" music video -- well, sort of.
The video for the Justin Bieber-featured single featured fan artwork, and they definitely let a message be heard.
See people draw on Justin Bieber in the new video for "Where Are Ü Now."
Madge gathers a few of her famous friends to celebrate the world's greatest pop star: Herself.


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Here's an easy way to put a modern patchwork twist on simple quilt squares: insert a decorative strip of fabric.
I have tried hand stitching of all kinds. Anything to do with needles and thread has been in my project basket at one time or another. But every so often I discover something new.
We all know what bad tension looks like: loops on the top of the quilt sandwich or on the backing. Good tension results in sewing machine stitches that are nearly identical on the back and front of your work.
Experienced quilters know that an essential part of finishing a quilt is attaching a label. As Jessica Alexandrakis writes in her book Get Started Quilting: The Complete Beginner Guide, "Labels can document who made the quilt, who it was made for, where it was made, and if it came from a published pattern or from the quilter's own design."
Few quilting artists have all the time they want for creating fiber art & quilts. But accomplishing more--while still enjoying it and doing a good job--is often a matter of efficiency rather than speed.
Mother's Day is just a few weeks away. If your mom sews, quilts, or just likes to receive quilted gifts from you (of course she does!), then you will love these free patterns, downloads, and projects to make easy handmade gifts.
If I told you to go to you LQS to get some PFD so you could finish your ATC you HST, would you know what I was talking about? Quilters use many abbreviations to communicate basic quilting terms.
Did you resolve to make more fiber art this year? Learn new sewing techniques? Decrease the size of your scrap stash? Finish your UFOs?
What can you do with an embroidery hoop besides making hand embroidery? Lots of things! With a little stitching, glue, and ingenuity, embroidery hoops of all shapes and sizes can be used to create calendars, clocks, photo albums, jewelry, key racks, storage, and artwork using applique, embroidery, crochet, paper craft, painting, stamping, cross stitch, and patchwork.
Today I'm sharing some of my favorite gift ideas to make for your friends and family, as well as gifts for quilters that would be welcome at your guild's holiday party swap--or under your own tree.
Spring is such a busy time of year: graduations, wedding showers, barbecues, the end of the school year, and so on. It seems I always need an idea for a quick gift for a teacher, hostess, or guest of honor.
That's when my bin of fabric scraps and list of fabric art projects come to the rescue.
Any mom will tell you: from a salt dough hand-print paperweight to a beautifully stitched lap quilt, gifts from the hand and the heart are the best.
Here it is, the second week of January, and I still haven't settled on
my Word of the Year. You know, the mantra that you use to help you focus
on what you want to accomplish before the next time the ball drops.
When I'm on vacation I always like to set aside a few hours in the studio for catching up on fiber art techniques I've wanted to explore. With a New Year beginning, it's a great time to make a list of art goals and then strategize on ways to learn techniques, explore supplies, and improve your skills.
At our weekly office show-and-tell, assistant editors Kristine Lundblad and Barbara Delaney both had quilts to reveal. Barb showed hers without a quilt binding, because as soon as she finished adding it, she will rush to the post office and mail the quilt to her new baby granddaughter.
© 2015 F+W All rights reserved.Use of this site signifies your agreement to the Terms and Privacy Policy, updated March 2007


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Select Local Merchants
Green River BarbequeRead MoreThe premier destination for wonderful steak and good burgers, Green River Barbeque in Saluda is one of the area's top-rated restaurants. It's a culinary destination for guests seeking incredible food. There's not really a recommended attire, so feel free to dress comfortably. Upon arrival, see if you can try the pulled pork, the hush puppies, or the sweet potatoes, as all three will impress. In terms of the restaurant itself, it's been tabbed as a nice option for both families with children and large groups. WiFi is available if you want to get some work done, and in addition to its convenient take-out menu, the restaurant even provides catering for events around town. Or, if you just want to stop by for a beverage, the restaurant has a good selection at its bar. A highly-regarded spot for both lunch and dinner in Saluda, Green River Barbeque definitely won't leave you disappointed. Don't worry about trying to find a spot on the street, as visitors to the restaurant do have access to a private parking lot nearby.131 U.S. 176Saluda, NC US
Hawg Wild Bar-B-Que Co.Read MoreA top-rated Greek restaurant in Pisgah Forest, Hawg Wild Bar-B-Que Co. offers a familiar atmosphere with a fresh menu. The great quality will make you a regular. It should be noted that business casual is the recommended attire. If you're on the lookout for the perfect spot for family or friends, it's been reviewed as a solid option for large groups and kids. In addition to its quick service (take-out is available), the restaurant also offers delivery, and can even cater an event for you. Or, if you just want to stop by for a beverage, the restaurant has a pretty broad selection at its bar. A lunch staple in the community for nearly two decades, Hawg Wild Bar-B-Que Co. is a tasty choice when you're in the mood for unique international cuisine, and want to branch out from the typical Chinese/Mexican/Italian fare. Don't worry about trying to find a spot on the street, as visitors to the restaurant do have access to a private parking lot nearby.91 Pisgah HwyPisgah Forest, NC US
Blue Ridge BBQ FestivalRead MoreLocated in Tryon, Blue Ridge BBQ Festival is a well-known restaurant that has flavorsome steak and tasty burgers. This restaurant delivers an unforgettable dining experience set in a laid-back ambience. It's a popular spot for visitors that want delicious food. Defined by its outdoor seating, the restaurant is a fantastic option when the Carolina weather is cooperating. No specific attire is required, so feel free to dress casually and comfortably. Also, it's common knowledge that the background noise can get a little loud here. If you're on the lookout for the perfect spot for family or friends, it's been reviewed as a solid option for large groups and kids. To sum it all up, Blue Ridge BBQ Festival definitely stands out from the rest. The restaurant is easily reachable via public transit, and visitors who drive have access to a private lot nearby.2753 Lynn RdTryon, NC US
Circle B Ranch BBQRead MoreChow down on ribs, slaw and more at Circle B Ranch BBQ, a down-home barbecue joint in Fletcher. Whether you are looking for food low in fat or gluten-free, this restaurant is the place you want to eat. Youngsters don't need to sit out a trip to Circle B Ranch BBQ — it's super family-friendly and perfect for little diners and their folks. Bask in the sun and enjoy a fresh meal outside at Circle B Ranch BBQ. If you need to feed a big crowd, Circle B Ranch BBQ also offers catering services for parties and get-togethers. For those in a hurry, the restaurant lets you take your meal or snack to go. null With tabs typically staying under $15, your wallet (and your stomach) will be happy with a trip to Circle B Ranch BBQ. Early risers and night owls alike can enjoy Circle B Ranch BBQ since it serves breakfast, lunch, and dinner.655 Airport RdFletcher, NC US
Hubba Hubba Woodfire SmokehouseRead MoreStop by Hubba Hubba Woodfire Smokehouse in Flat Rock for a quick and tasty bite to eat. Little guys and gals will also love dining at Hubba Hubba Woodfire Smokehouse, which offers a family-friendly environment (and menu). Surf the web from your tablet or laptop on Hubba Hubba Woodfire Smokehouse's complimentary wifi. Al fresco eating options are also available at Hubba Hubba Woodfire Smokehouse, which presents a lovely patio seating area for warmer months. You can also grab your grub to go. Drivers will love the easy parking options just steps away from Hubba Hubba Woodfire Smokehouse. Bike parking is quick and easy at Hubba Hubba Woodfire Smokehouse.2724 Greenville HwyFlat Rock, NC US
Moe's Original Bar-B-QueRead MoreFill up on fare from Moe's Original Bar-B-Que in Hendersonville and be sure to satisfy your stomach. Come order a flavorful feast at Moe's Original Bar-B-Que, and sit outside if it's nice! Those searching for a quiet dinner scene may have better luck elsewhere, as the restaurant tends to get rather noisy. If you're strapped for time, take out food from Moe's Original Bar-B-Que. Moe's Original Bar-B-Que's patrons can find places to park in the area. Bike parking is also available outside the restaurant.114 North Main StreetHendersonville, NC US


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|The Black Carls
|The pinnacled ridge between Creag Dhubh and Sguirr an Fhir Duibhe. As described in Andrew Dempster's "classic mountain scrambles in scotland". Fairly short and non-serious, but an enjoyable start to a traverse of Beinn Eighe
Ticklists: Britain's winter ridges.
Photo: final tower on Black Carls © nineonesix


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Apple Worldwide Developers Conference to Kick Off June 6 at Moscone West in San Francisco
Apple Worldwide Developers Conference to Kick Off June 6 at Moscone West in San Francisco
CUPERTINO, California-March 28, 2011-Apple® today announced that it will hold its annual Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) June 6 through June 10 at San Francisco's Moscone West. At this year's five-day conference Apple will unveil the future of iOS and Mac OS®, including exciting demonstrations of the new kinds of apps that developers can build using Apple's advanced frameworks and more than 100 technical sessions presented by Apple engineers.
"At this year's conference we are going to unveil the future of iOS and Mac OS," said Philip Schiller, Apple's senior vice president of Worldwide Product Marketing. "If you are an iOS or Mac OS X software developer, this is the event that you do not want to miss."
Mobile developers will be able to explore the latest innovations and capabilities of iOS and learn how to greatly enhance the functionality, performance and design of their apps. Mac® developers will see and learn how to develop world-class Mac OS X Lion applications using its latest technologies and capabilities. Developers can even bring their code to the labs and work with Apple engineers, applying development techniques and best-practices to enhance their apps.
Activities at Apple's WWDC 2011 include:
- more than 100 technical sessions presented by Apple engineers on a wide range of technology-specific topics for developing, deploying and integrating the latest iOS and Mac OS technologies;
- over 1,000 Apple engineers providing developers with code-level assistance, insight into optimal development techniques, and guidance on how they can make the most of iOS and Mac OS technologies in their apps;
- the opportunity to connect with thousands of fellow iPad®, iPhone® and Mac developers from around the world; and
- Apple Design Awards which recognize iPad, iPhone and Mac apps that demonstrate technical excellence, innovation and outstanding design.
Go to the Apple Worldwide Developers Conference 2011 website (developer.apple.com/wwdc) to purchase tickets, as well as for updates and more information.
Apple designs Macs, the best personal computers in the world, along with OS X, iLife, iWork and professional software. Apple leads the digital music revolution with its iPods and iTunes online store. Apple has reinvented the mobile phone with its revolutionary iPhone and App Store, and has recently introduced iPad 2 which is defining the future of mobile media and computing devices.
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RV Camping on the Central CoastUnited StatesCaliforniaSan Luis Obispo
About this listing
Lazy Daze motor home with overhead queen bed, galley kitchen, couch and lounge chairs. Great large windows in living room. Solar set up for lighting. Includes pots ,pans, sheets , blankets, beach chairs. No extra charge for propane or tanks.
Space where guests can cook their own meals
Central heating or a heater in the listing
The Space
YOU PICK CAMP, WE PROVIDE CAMPER! Unique opportunity! Save gas, rental mileage, and STAY ON BEACH. Choices: Morro Bay, Atascadero Beach Strand, Montana de Oro, Pismo Beach, Cuesta. Drive to site, we bring RV to you!!!! Flexible locations!
Advantages: You have your car transportation to tour around, no high cost for RV traveling.
Beautiful camper, has shower, large frig, stove, queen and full beds, PLUS we provide additional tent, sleeping bags. Alll equipment necessary for great camping experience. Kitchen and ALL bedding included!!!! Compare with RV rental . Avoid "add on" fees and gas costs!!!!!
Amazing locations. Check out State and Regional Parks. Camp on beach in Pismo!!! We will also deliver to private RV parks. You make park reservation, we deliver camper. Simple, easy, vacation relaxation at it's best!
Central Coast living . Watch the dolphins, otters, sea life, seasonal whale watching from the shore, seals and more!
Enjoy sightseeing San Luis Obispo, Pismo, perhaps Cambria or Hearst Castle for the day? Return to your castle by the sea for dinner !!!!
All monies generated from this listing are "donated" to our volunteer work ! Thank you in advance!
Guest Access
Any camp site on the central coast that you arrange.
Interaction with Guests
Always available for questions
The Neighborhood
You chose the locationyou want to camp.
Getting Around
You will be right in the middle of central coast activities.
Other Things to Note
Share information about trails and beaches.
Camper will not be driven by occupants. All campsite rules must be followed. Maximum 2 adults, plus children. ABSOLUTELY NO SMOKING IN RV.
Clients will arrange campsite reservations at their own expense.
No shoes indoors. Please rinse off beach sand before entering.
About the Host, Dale
Love to work and play out doors,travel is always great.


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Women & Girls Lead
This album was created and distributed on DVD for the 2013 Women's Leadership Breakfast, hosted by City Year Detroit.
There are 7 videos in this album. Albums make it easy to organize a collection of videos. They can be used to display videos together, or sent to friends as a playlist. You can even arrange the order of videos in each album.
You can add a video to one of your albums or create a new album from the "+Add to…" tab on video pages.
Albums can also be used to show videos on other web sites using Vimeo Widgets.


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Pricing / Ordering
About Us
Contact Us
Nipple restoration is surprisingly important for a feeling of normalcy after breast cancer surgery or other procedures that affect the nipple. Women may not be candidates for nipple reconstruction, have had failed nipple reconstruction or do not desire additional surgical procedures. Some women have tried to use prosthetic nipples but were disappointed with the
lack of realism in appearance and their tendency to fall off unpredictably....until NOW!
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|Número de publicación
|Tipo de publicación
|Número de solicitud
|Fecha de publicación
|20 Mar 1984
|Fecha de presentación
|3 Ago 1981
|Fecha de prioridad
|3 Ago 1981
|Número de publicación
|Herbert S. Johnson
|Cesionario original
|Gulf Canada Limited
|Exportar cita
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citada por (73), Clasificaciones (15), Eventos legales (9)
|Enlaces externos: USPTO, Cesión de USPTO, Espacenet
This invention relates to a method for recovering bitumen from unconsolidated bitumen-bearing formations including tar sands by hydraulic mining.
Petroleum is found in underground deposits or reservoirs from which it can in many cases be recovered by allowing it to flow to wells drilled into the reservoir, whence it can be pumped to the surface. Some reservoirs contain petroleum which is too viscous to flow toward the wells at an economic rate. These include the types known as heavy oils. Other reservoirs, on the other hand, contain petroleum that will not flow at all at ambient temperatures, including the petroleum found in the Athabasca tar sands in Alberta, Canada. This type of petroleum is known as bitumen, and a number of techniques have been developed in attempts to recover it economically. The only methods used in commercial operations to date are surface mining methods, wherein the overburden is removed and the tar sands broken up by mechanical action into pieces capable of being put through an extraction process using hot water to separate the bitumen from the other materials in the tar sands. Surface mining is limited to areas where the overburden is thin enough that it can be economically removed, putting about 90% of the bitumen contained in the tar sands out of economic reach. Where the overburden is too thick for economic removal, in-situ methods are used, in which wells are sunk from the surface to reach the zone containing the bitumen in combination with sand, clay or other minerals. In the well-known steam stimulation process, a combination injection/production well is drilled, and steam is injected into the reservoir in order to reduce the viscosity and increase the flowability of the bitumen, which can then be pumped out. A modification called the steam drive process uses separate injection and production wells and the flow of steam assists the flow of bitumen by creating a pressure gradient as well as reducing its viscosity. Both processes are extravagant in their use of energy, requiring about 12 gigajoules of energy input to recover one cubic meter of bitumen with a heating value of about 42 gigajoules.
Hydraulic mining methods have been proposed to overcome the necessity of removing the overburden. Several proposals have involved the driving of tunnels beneath the reservoir. An early invention was that of Laughlin, U.S. Pat. No. 1,936,643 (1933), which disclosed the projection of hot water upwardly through fixed pipes spaced at intervals along a tunnel. The tar sand was loosened and allowed to fall into the tunnel whence it was removed to a separation plant. Lambly et al, U.S. Pat. No. 3,934,935, disclosed a method using jets to loosen and create a slurry of tar sand which flowed downwardly and was removed to a separation plant through pipes placed in tunnels underlying the reservoir. The invention of Redford, U.S. Pat. No. 3,951,457, was a method operable from the surface. Redford disclosed a technique using an injection string equipped with a drill bit at its lower end and having horizontal jet streams directed at the tar sand deposit. The jets could be rotated with the injection string, loosening the deposit which was pumped as a slurry to the surface where the bitumen separated from the sand and water in a settling tank. A non-condensable gas was injected to provide a gas-filled cavity so that the jets reached deeply into the cavity.
In any technique not providing a gravity drain for produced slurry, unless gas pressure is provided to depress the liquid below the path of a jet, there still remains the problem that the effectiveness of the jet extends only a short distance from the nozzle. This problem is overcome by the present invention which provides a movable jet. Accordingly, the invention consists in a method of recovering bitumen from unconsolidated bitumen-bearing formations including tar sands, comprising:
(a) introducing into said formation at least one nozzle projecting a jet of aqueous hydraulic mining fluid at high velocity towards said formation, said jet having a forward component;
(b) bringing said nozzle into proximity with said formation, said jet impinging thereon with sufficient velocity to erode said formation and substantially separate said bitumen from other components thereof;
(c) advancing said nozzle towards said formation as it erodes to separate further quantities of bitumen; and
(d) recovering said separated bitumen.
The invention further consists in an apparatus for recovering bitumen from unconsolidated bitumen-bearing formations, comprising:
(a) at least one nozzle, adapted to discharge a jet of hydraulic mining fluid towards an erodable face of said formation, thereby separating said formation into a bitumen-rich material and a sand-rich material;
(b) means adapted to move said nozzle towards said face as it erodes: and
(c) recovery means adapted to recover said bitumen-rich material separately from said sand-rich material.
In the present invention, the jet provides rapid erosion of the formation without the need for removing the mining fluid from the jet's path by being advanced continually towards the eroding face of the formation. The jet can be placed on rigid or flexible tubing, or tubing comprising both rigid and flexible sections. A single jet can be employed, producing a relatively narrow borehole if it is advanced in a linear path, or producing a wide cavity it it is allowed to sweep from side to side across the axis of the rigid part of the tubing. The jet can point an axial direction relative to the tubing, or it can discharge at an angle to the tubing axis; such angle can range up to about ninety degrees. A plurality of jets can be employed, spaced so as to complement one another, acting in a single direction or in more than one direction. It is necessary that there be some forward component to the jet to aid in its forward penetration of the formation, because a jet with no forward component erodes a wide but not deep hole. The forward component can advantageously comprise at least one jet having a forward angle, or it can comprise a plurality of jets, at least one of which projects with a forward component and at least one projects laterally. The jet impinges on the face of the bitumen-bearing formation with a velocity high enough to erode the formation and to separate a bitumen-rich material from the sand which makes up the bulk of the formation, and as the face moves away from the jet because of erosion, the jet is advanced continuously or stepwise towards the face, continuing the erosion and separation.
The hydraulic mining fluid can be water with no additives. It can be cold water, but is preferably at least at the same temperature as the formation and most preferably is at least 60° C. for best separation of the bitumen-rich material from the sand. Any gases naturally dissolved in the mining fluid tend to release with the release of pressure at the nozzle, and to aid in flotation of the bitumen. Optionally, additional gas can be dissolved in the mining fluid to increase the flotation effect. The density of the mining fluid can optionally be increased to aid in floating the bitumen by dissolving one or more solids in it, preferably inorganic salts, for example sodium chloride, which is inexpensive and readily available, and which can raise the density of an aqueous mining fluid sufficiently to float any known bitumen. Optionally, the mining fluid can include a surfactant to aid in separation of clays that may be entrained in the bitumen.
The several configurations of nozzle and flexible or rigid, straight or curved tubing can be used in various combinations sequentially on the same borehole. For example, it may be desirable to switch from a rigid to a flexible tubing during the mining of a cavity.
The invention will now be further described by way of example only and with reference to the drawings in which:
FIG. 1 shows a preferred embodiment of the invention, in which a single jet nozzle moves in a single axis in an in-situ operation;
FIG. 2 shows a variation of the embodiment of FIG. 1 wherein the nozzle moves in more than one axis;
FIG. 3 illustrates a variation of the embodiment of FIG. 2 which can bore an essentially horizontal passage and open a cavity remote from the wellhead.
FIG. 4 illustrates a surface mining operation incorporating a multiple-jet device allowing an increased production rate of bitumen-containing slurry; and
FIG. 5 illustrates an elevation of a surface mining operation using the multiple-jet device.
In FIG. 1, there is illustrated a travelling jet which dislodges the matrix in which the bitumen is trapped. The surface being attacked continually breaks away and as it does so the jet is advanced towards the eroding face, breaking away more of the matrix and continuing until the extremity of the pay zone is reached. Hydraulic mining fluid 15 is introduced into tubing 5 under pressure and issues through nozzle 12 as jet 11. The overburden 2 can be drilled if desired, or optionally it can be bored using the hydraulic jet itself. When the overburden 2 has been penetrated a casing 6 can be set, in order to minimize the erosion of material from the overburden layer as produced slurry 16, comprising bitumen, sand, and water, passes by on its way to the surface. The casing need not be taken below the overburden 2 because any enlargement of annular space 14 in bitumen-containing zone 1 would be advantageous as it would produce bitumen, provided the enlargement was not so great as to cause collapse of the overburden. As jet 11 begins to erode face 13 of the bitumen-containing zone 1 directly in front of it, new surface is exposed farther away from jet 11. As is well known in the art, the force of a submerged jet of liquid decreases rapidly with increasing distance from the nozzle; therefore the rate of erosion of face 13 rapidly falls off if nozzle-to-face distance increases. Tubing 5 is relatively long and permits nozzle 12 to be advanced in order to remain close to face 13 as face 13 is eroded by the action of jet 11, moving as far as the extremity of bitumen-containing zone 1, all the while maintaining pressure of the hydraulic mining fluid. Any suitable equipment may be used for advancing the tubing and feeding fluid. Preferred devices are of the general class termed "reeled-tubing units", which are commonly used for oil well maintenance work, and which use tubing that is effectively rigid and straight when off the reel. It is generally convenient to advance nozzle 12 at a rate as high as the maximum rate of erosion of face 13 will allow. The produced materials in slurry are carried upwards in the annular space 14, emerging above ground surface 3 in aboveground casing 7 from which they flow into settling zone 4, where the materials settle in order of density. Where the hydraulic mining fluid is of intermediate density, the sand 19 settles to the bottom of settling zone 4, hydraulic mining fluid layer 18 is intermediate and bitumen layer 17 rises to the top. The high degree of separation obtained is due to the action of jet 11 at face 13, which not only loosens small pieces of bitumen-sand matrix but also frees the bitumen from most of the associated sand particles that make up the larger part of the matrix. The sand that is separated constitutes the bulk of the material in the bitumen-containing zone and when it is removed, the bitumen is in condition for further processing. The separated sand can be replaced in the excavation by suitable means, thereby minimizing the disposal problem.
In FIG. 2, another embodiment of the invention is illustrated in which a large cavity is created in the formation by the action of jet 41. This is accomplished by providing the jet 41 with a lateral force component by drilling nozzle 42 slightly off-axis relative to tube 5, or by imposing a small curvature 46 on the leading section of tube 5 or by other suitable means. Nozzle 42 advances along the path cleared by jet 41 and, in the absence of any rotary motion of the tube, describes an arc representing the circumference of a circle in a vertical plane with a radius determined by the relative magnitudes of the axial and off-axis force components. This radius must be large enough so that a tubing possessing sufficient flexibility will impose no significant frictional force on the slightly curved hole boundary.
After a relatively short advance in a generally downward, but slightly curved path, the advance is reversed and a rotary, or a limited oscillatory, motion is imposed on the tubing at the surface by means known in the art. Tubing 5 is then advanced and Jet 41 thus sweeps a wider conical space instead of the narrow cylindrical volume of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1. The sequence is repeated so as to enlarge the conical space. As the cavity increases in size, the tubing is subject to reaction forces tending to drive it across the diameter of the cavity so that the central portion is also cleared. This motion can be further controlled by cyclical changes of jet pressure between an upper and lower limits. By repeated rotations of the tubing as the face erodes, bitumen can be produced from a large cavity 40 in bitumen-bearing zone 1.
FIG. 3 shows an adaptation of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 which is controllable and capable of drilling a hole in a generally horizontal direction. As described in relation to FIG. 2, an off-axis force component in jet 51 causes the nozzle 52 to follow a circular arc in the absence of an imposed rotation. With an imposed rotation, or controlled oscillation, the nozzle advances along a generally helical path 53, 54 to a chosen position in the formation. In this location, a cavity 50 can be formed in the bitumen-bearing zone 1 by the same process as described in relation to FIG. 2.
In a large cavity most of the sand remains in the cavity because the upward velocity of the returning fluid 16 is below the critical fluidization velocity of the sand particles. At the end of the production operation, a tube or hose can be substituted for the jet device and a sand slurry pumped from the reclaim area at the surface to the cavity until returning sand at the surface signals that the cavity has been filled to capacity with sand. Optionally, several cavities can be eroded and the bitumen produced, using a single well.
FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment of the invention in a surface mining operation on a large scale. Jet plate assembly 25 includes a plurality of nozzles 23 facing downwards which are supplied with hydraulic mining fluid 15 through supply pipe 20. Jets 21 issue from nozzles 23 eroding face 27 of the bitumen-containing zone 1 in an area approximately as large as the area attached by the jets. The nozzles are disposed over the underside of the jet plate assembly in such a manner that the area eroded by each jet is contiguous with or slightly overlaps the area eroded by the adjacent jet at the selected conditions of hydraulic mining fluid density and pressure, and of jet geometry. The nozzles can conveniently be arrayed in a square arrangement, that is, an arrangement wherein each nozzle is equidistant from its four nearest neighbours and wherein a line drawn through two of its nearest neighbours and itself is perpendicular to a line drawn through the other two of its nearest neighbours and itself. A square arrangement is preferred where the nozzles have a square spray pattern. In cases where round-pattern nozzles are used it is preferable to set up the nozzle array in a hexagonal arrangement, i.e. in an array in which each nozzle is equidistant from its six nearest neighbours, thus providing complete spray coverage with minimum overlap. Optionally, the jets can include a lateral component in their spray patterns. The plate assembly 25 can optionally be rotationally moved in a lateral plane to move the nozzles past the eroding surface, providing a uniform spray coverage. The hydraulic mining fluid pressure in the supply pipe 20 can be varied to suit the conditions. Within limits, the spray pressure required to dislodge and separate the sand from the bitumen is proportional to the forces binding the two components. Higher pressure requires greater energy to drive the hydraulic mining fluid. As noted above, it is known that the effectiveness of submerged hydraulic jets falls off rapidly with increasing distance from jet to eroding face; the rate of advancement of the jet plate assembly is adjusted so that the rate of erosion of the face equals the rate of advance. The jet plate assembly is rigidly supported in order to control its horizontal and vertical position during lowering and raising of the assembly.
Produced slurry 24 containing bitumen, sand and hydraulic mining fluid passes through plate 25 via return holes 26; the return holes 26 pass upwards through plate 25 adjacent to, but not in contact with, the plenum supplying nozzles 23.
In a field production operation, an embodiment having a jet plate assembly can be used as shown in FIG. 5. It is advantageous to remove the overburden prior to starting the operation. A travelling lake is depicted wherein the jet plate assembly 25 is advanced to a level no lower than the depth of the bitumen-containing zone 1 in successive channels. After the jets erode and produce the bitumen and sand in one channel 31, the jet plate assembly is raised and moved approximately the amount of its width, then advanced into adjacent channel 32. The plate assembly can be advanced in a direction either vertical or at an angle to the vertical, the selection of angle being related to, inter alia, the conditions at the mining site. Produced sand separates from bitumen and returns to the pay zone as sand fill 33. The sand is carried in a generally upward direction by the rising water. Directly above the plate the sand is in a fluidized condition. Outside the fluidized region the sand can settle to form inclined sand surface 36. The height of the pile of returned sand 33 can be varied by a mechanical device to suit the needs of the operation of jet plate assembly 25. Produced material 34 comprises bitumen in a top layer, hydraulic mining fluid in an intermediate layer, and sand in a bottom layer, providing the density of the hydraulic mining fluid is between that of the bitumen and that of the sand. The produced sand usually occupies a greater volume than the same mass of sand in the undisturbed state, and there may thus be a small surplus of sand to be disposed of at the surface after the underground space occupied by the bitumen-containing sand is refilled with produced sand. If there is no overburden at the site, all of the produced sand can be moved by a suitable device and replaced, raising the level of the surface slightly until settling occurs.
The following example is illustrative of the process and is not intended to restrict the scope of the invention.
A sample of mined tar sands material taken from the Surmont deposit in Alberta was packed into a test cell to simulate in-situ conditions. The 120 ml capacity vessel was a pressure gauge sight glass comprising a steel frame, two of whose sides were of heavy glass material permitting viewing of the contents. The top of the test cell was fitted with a small vertical containment tube from the side of which led a downwardly sloping conduit. A catch vessel at the bottom of the conduit trapped the material produced from the test cell. A water storage vessel contained a supply of water kept at an appropriate temperature, and was equipped with a thermocouple, auxiliary heater, and a sealed top capable of containing a controlled pressure sufficiently high to produce a jetting action from a 1.6 mm outside diameter stainless steel tube 40 cm long, connected to the bottom of the storage vessel by flexible pressure tubing through a shut-off valve. With water heated to 80° C. under a nitrogen pressure of 3.55 MPa (absolute) and moderate downward manual force, the tube penetrated to the bottom of the tar sand pack in approximately two seconds with very little resistance, travelling a distance of about 30 cm downwards. A slurry of injected water and tar sand overflowed into the catch vessel; the slurry immediately separated into three layers: sand, cloudy water and bitumen-rich material. From the cloudy water layer a slowly-settling material gradually separated, leaving a relatively clear water layer. The relative amounts were sand, 10 ml; slowly-settling material, 8 ml; water, 100 ml; and bitumen-rich layer, 10 ml.
The present process is useful in the recovery of oil sands bitumen. It is capable of easily separating bitumen from sand in oil sands that are susceptible to the hot water process. Further, it is clear that the jet action causes the separation at the surface being attacked, thus making it feasible to leave a substantial portion of the sand underground and produce mainly the water and bitumen. Even if sand is produced, an important advantage is that substantially all of it can be reinjected into the well after completion, thus minimizing the disposal problem. Another advantage of the present invention is that the advancing jet erodes the surface of the reservoir without the necessity to surround the jet with a gaseous medium. A further advantage of the present invention over steam processes is its relatively high energy efficiency. Because the maximum temperature to which the reservoir is heated is only about 100° C., compared to up to 300° C. using steam, the thermal losses are much lower. Combined with the energy required for pumping, the present process uses about one-eighth to one-fifth the energy required for steam processes.
An advantage of aqueous hydraulic mining fluid over hydrocarbon solvents is that any of the fluid that evaporates or escapes from the system does not cause environmental damage. Any makeup fluid that is added to compensate for losses costs much less than hydrocarbon solvents; in addition, the volume lost to evaporation is lower than that of volatile solvents. Because water does not dissolve substantial quantities of bitumen, the mining fluid can easily be separated for recycling.
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|Clasificación de EE.UU.
|299/7, 299/17
|Clasificación internacional
|Clasificación cooperativa
|Clasificación europea
|5 Ene 1984
Owner name: GULF CANADA LIMITED 800 BAY STREET TORONTO, ONTARI
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:JOHNSON, HERBERT S.;REEL/FRAME:004208/0527
Effective date: 19810729
|24 Abr 1986
Owner name: GULF CANADA CORPORATION/CORPORATION GULF CANADA, P
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:GULF CANADA LIMITED;REEL/FRAME:004555/0478
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Owner name: GULF CANADA CORPORATION/CORPORATION GULF CANADA,CA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:GULF CANADA LIMITED;REEL/FRAME:004555/0478
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|12 Dic 1986
Owner name: GULF CANADA CORPORATION/ CORPORATION GULF CANADA,
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:GULF CANADA LIMITED/ GULF CANADA LIMITEE;REEL/FRAME:004645/0530
Effective date: 19861014
Owner name: GULF CANADA CORPORATION/ CORPORATION GULF CANADA,
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:GULF CANADA LIMITED/ GULF CANADA LIMITEE;REEL/FRAME:004645/0530
Effective date: 19861014
|9 Sep 1987
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|15 Dic 1988
Owner name: GULF CANADA RESOURCES LIMITED/RESSOURCES GULF CANA
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Effective date: 19870701
|9 Sep 1991
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|24 Oct 1995
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|17 Mar 1996
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|28 May 1996
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Mineral uptake
In plants, mineral uptake is the way in which minerals enter the cellular material, typically following the same pathway as water. The most normal entrance portal for mineral uptake is through plant roots.(Roots, 2005) Some mineral ions diffuse in-between the cells. In contrast to water, some minerals are actively taken up by plant cells. Mineral nutrient concentration in roots may be 10,000 times more than in surrounding soil. During transport throughout a plant, minerals can exit xylem and enter cells that require them. Mineral ions cross plasma membranes by a chemiosmotic mechanism. Plants absorb minerals in ionic form: nitrate (NO3−), phosphate (HPO4−) and potassium ions (K+); all have difficulty crossing a charged plasma membrane.
It has long been known plants expend energy to actively take up and concentrate mineral ions. Proton pump hydrolyzes ATP to transport H+ ions out of cell; this sets up an electrochemical gradient that causes positive ions to flow into cells. Negative ions are carried across the plasma membrane in conjunction with H+ ions as H+ ions diffuse down their concentration gradient.
See also[edit]
|This botany article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
|This biochemistry article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.


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