text:
Peace rally March 19 Oak Park
Expand Messages
- Rally For Peace
End the War - End the Occupation - Bring the Troops Home!
Come to Scoville Park
on Saturday, March 19 at 3:30 pm
(Lake Street and Oak Park Avenue)
* Because since March 19, 2003, 1,400 American troops have died, and
nearly 20,000 have been injured due to the U.S. invasion and
occupation of Iraq.
* Because anywhere from 15,000 to 100,000 Iraqis have died.
* Because the Administration in Washington has set a 2.57 trillion
dollar budget with 427 billion dollars going to defense. Meanwhile up
to 350 billion dollars in domestic programs including Medicaid,
education, food stamps, housing and child care assistance will be cut
in addition to over 150 federal programs.
* Because 1 out of 5 children in America, the richest nation on
earth, now live in poverty.
* Because the U.S. has one of the highest infant mortality rates in
the industrialized world.
* Because the wrong choice by this Administration to go to an unjust
war at the expense of millions and millions of people with its
devastating consequences is not just a bad idea, but sheer lunacy on
the grandest scale.
On March 19, 2005 people around the world will be demonstrating,
protesting, attending vigils and taking many other actions to show
their support for changing our priorities from war and disparity to
peace and prosperity.
Please join us so that we may raise our voices and spirits together
in these difficult times. Bring your family, friends, and neighbors.
Sponsors list in formation:
Oak Park Coalition for Truth and Justice (OPCTJ)
West Suburban Faith-Based Peace Coalition (WSFPC)
Dupage Peace Through Justice Coalition
South Austin Coalition
Committee for a Just Peace in Israel and Palestine (CJPIP)
Ascension Peace & Justice Committee
Chicago Nation Discussion Group
St. Giles Family Mass (Social Action)
West Suburban NOW
More information: www.opctj.org
Bill Barclay, 708-386-1371
Graphic design and illustration
for print and the web
Members: Graphic Artists Guild and National Writers Union
"Don't believe everything you think."
Graphic design and illustration
for print and the web
Members: Graphic Artists Guild and National Writers Union
"Don't believe everything you think."
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
US Environmental Rental Corporation
based in Waltham, MASSACHUSETTS (USA)
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The Camfil Farr Group is a world leader in the development and production of air filters and clean air solutions. Camfil is also one of the most global air filtration specialists in the world with 23 production units and R&D centres in four countries in the Americas, Europe, South East Asia and the Asia-Pacific region.The Group, headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden, has ...
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based in Valencia, CALIFORNIA (USA)
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Ashtead Technology Ltd
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Ashtead Technology was formed in 1985 when Ashtead Group plc acquired SubSpek Limited, which at the time provided underwater positioning, survey and inspection equipment rental from a base in Aberdeen. In 1994 the Singapore base was opened, focussing on the offshore oil and gas industry and the subsea telecommunications cable market in Asia Pacific. The first US ...


text:
Expert Video Marketer
United States - Tests: 6 - Portfolio: 49
I am a creator of all things video marketing. Whether you're looking for explainer, whiteboard, kinetic typography, Camtasia, green screen, or 2D and 3D animation, I'm ready to put my skills to work for you. Please visit my website at http://www.722productions.com to see my 2014 Demo Reel, see more of my work, and learn more about me. Since 2001, I have helped corporate and individual clients with their marketing strategy through the use of video. I specialize in creating effective and dynamic video productions for for businesses, internet marketers, and other web entrepreneurs that get results and have a high conversion rate. As a seasoned video producer and marketing expert, I can help you sell your message, product, or service and bring you the customers you're looking for. You have other aspects of your business to focus on...let me take care of the video portion for you and we will work together to create a video that has a high conversion rate and looks awesome! Whether it's a simple animation or a full blown production, I have the tools and expertise to accomplish the goals you have in mind. Please take a few minutes to check out my portfolio and see the success I've had with other clients. I use the latest version of Adobe Creative Suite 6 which uses After Effects, Premiere, Illustrator, and Photoshop. I also have an in-house recording studio for voice overs or any other audio work you need. If you're looking for a competent and professional American contractor who does freelance video production as a full time living, I'm your guy. Located in sunny Florida, USA.
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- Audio Mixing
- Music Producing
- Musical composition
- Search Engine Optimization (SEO)
- Google search
- Camtasia
Associated with: The 722 Group Agency


text:
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Wheat intolerance- how do you react?(14 Posts)
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The Skype for Symbian app is removed from the Nokia store, however users that have already downloaded the app can continue to use it.
Can I use Skype on my Symbian device?
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- Which mail services can I use on my Nokia Symbian ^3 device?
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text:
Vernier Watches
Women's White Resin Watch
$26 Gilt
- Color:
- white
Qty: 1
- 1
- 2
- 3
Please select an available size.
Please select a size.
Description: Rectangular silver-tone base metal case with silver-tone dial
- White resin square studded expandable bracelet
- Japanese quartz movement
- 5 year limited warranty
Measurements: Case measures 25mm wide, bracelet measures 16mm wide
Material: Base metal and resin
Brand: Vernier Watches
Origin: Imported


text:
VIDEO: Boogat Pitches in for Movember with New Track & Video
|Related Links
|Atropolis Releases New Video for 'Reza Por Mi' Feat. Lido Pimienta
August 23, 2013
|Atropolis' 2013 Tour to Stop at Chicago's Loft Party Tonight
August 17, 2013
|Atropolis Tour Stops at San Francisco's Elbo Room Tonight
August 15, 2013
|Atropolis Releases New Album TRANSITIONS Today; Tours San Fran, Chicago, 8/15 & 17
August 13, 2013
The past few months have been very busy for Montreal's trilingual MC Boogat. Aside from spending countless hours in the studio preparing his first full-length Spanish album to be released in the new year, Boogat also took some time to help the Movember campaign by recording a brand new song with Washington D.C. Tropical Bass producer G-Flux. Check out the video below!
This funky digi-cumbia, entitled 'Moviembre' is a musical salute to the manliest of manly things…the mustache! Boogat spits fuego over a sizzling sonidero beat, celebrating the sexiness of the mustache in all its hairy glory!
The accompanying video, directed by Mariano Franco, is a vibrant and colorful nod to the cheekiness of the song. Both song and video are meant to support the efforts of Movember in a fun way. Part of the proceeds of the song sales will go to support Movember Canada and their initiatives.
Since its humble beginnings in Melbourne Australia, Movember has grown to become a truly global movement inspiring more than 1.9 million Mo Bros and Mo Sistas to participate with formal campaigns all over the world, including Canada. In 2011, over 854,000 Mo Bros and Mo Sistas around the world got on board, raising $125.7 million CAD.
About Author
- SAG-AFTRA Convention Continues, George Heller Memorial Awards Presented
- Hugh Jackman, Lady Gaga, and More to Appear on THE TONIGHT SHOW STARRING JIMMY FALLON
- David Leitch to Direct THE COLDEST CITY
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- VH1's Primetime Ratings For Third Quarter Surge Ahead +34% Over Prior Quarter Among Adults 18-49
- Sara Bareilles, Idris Elba, Adam Lambert, and More to Visit LATE NIGHT WITH SETH MEYERS
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- Original Motion Picture Score from Acclaimed Film THE MARTIAN Out Today
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- Innovid and Netflix Win 2015 IAB MIXX Gold Award
- Director Ridley Scott Incorporates GoPro into the Making of THE MARTIAN
- Special Screening of Documentary SIR IVAN: I AM PEACEMAN to Kick Off Transgender Awareness Campaign


text:
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Play our fun game and find out if the one you like likes you back. Confide in us if you think you'd hit it off by clicking: Yes, No, or Maybe. We'll anonymously find out and let you know if the feeling is mutual. You have nothing to lose!
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You both said YES! The feeling is mutual. Now the rest is up to you! Say Hi and get the conversation started.
I'm a career driven, funny, easygoing, and outgoing Ph.D. student at Ohio State. Often confused for King Leonidas from 300, but with better abs, I'm looking for someone who's equally focused and fun-loving and can connect with me on both levels.
When not working, I like to play tennis and basketball, and also to sing and play piano. I can usually get along well with almost anyone -- basically if you're smart, sweet, and laugh at all my jokes, we're in business!
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Spark Networks USA, LLC does not conduct background checks on the members or subscribers of this website. However, the safety and security of our members is our top priority. We urge all members to follow our online safety tips.
The Color Code icon tells you that this member has taken the FREE Color Code Personality Test and wants to share his/her results with you. You can read all about their Color Code profile on the new Color Code tab.
The Color Code, by Dr. Taylor Hartman, is one of the most insightful personality tests in existence, and is made up of four personality Colors, or driving Core Motives. The Color Code teaches you the real motives behind your actions and how to better relate to other personality types.
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Sometimes it is difficult to choose from the four options given, but there is usually one that fits better than the rest, or at least one that you could see yourself as more so than the others. If you're still unsure, try asking someone who knows you well, such as a parent or sibling. They can give clarity on areas of your personality that you may not notice.


text:
Release Date:
October 15, 2010
Date Published:
October 15, 2010
This book presents all of the training necessary to train for cross-country races. Galloway's successful training program explains how to build endurance, train and race on hills, varied terrain running, speed training, race strategies, maximizing performance, and reducing the risk of injury. Teamwork training and racing methods are explained with action plans. Injury prevention and treatment are also covered.
- Genre: Sports + Recreation
- Subgenre: Running + Jogging
- Language: English
- Author: Jeff Galloway
other Info.
- Online Item #: 12878166
- Store Item Number (DPCI): 248-52-1904
- Item can be gift wrapped.
- Made in the USA or Imported


text:
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text:
Town Square
Google profits up, stock price down
Original post made by googleWatch, News on Mountain View's largest employer, on Apr 16, 2010
Analysts [Web Link reportedly predicted better performance] from the search engine giant partly because Intel, a barometer for the tech industry, predicts record sales this year.
The increase in profits came in part from an increase in online advertising revenue with paid clicks increasing by 5 percent compared to last quarter and 15 percent over a year ago. However, it's share of the search engine market decreased from 65.5 percent to 65.1 percent this quarter in the face of competition from Yahoo and Microsoft.
Google's stock price has gone from $4.49 a share a year ago to $6.06 this year.
Analysts are recommending against buying Google stock reportedly because, with profits unexpectedly low, it appears to have veered too far from recession belt tightening as it adds staff and makes acquisitions this year.
Comments (1)
a resident of Old Mountain View
on Apr 20, 2010 at 4:27 pm
"Google's stock price has gone from $4.49 a share a year ago to $6.06 this year."
Uh . . . Never mind that $4.49 to $6.06 is an increase in price, not a drop. Google's stock closed at $555.04 today (4/20/10).
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Mademoiselle Colette, now open in downtown Menlo Park
By Elena Kadvany | 23 comments | 4,231 views
Do we want a palo alto where only the rich can move here to live
By Steve Levy | 65 comments | 2,929 views
The Big Four - Part one
By Laura Stec | 6 comments | 1,288 views


text:
Michelle Romary & Friends
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News & Events
Read the newest Market Week: Last week, Netflix announced a seven-for-one stock split occurring mid-July. Numerous media sources jumped on the news providing all the details in articles and videos. I figured I would jump on the bandwagon too. Read more here
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13th Annual
Estate Planning for Professionals
Presented by Charles D. "Skip" Fox IV, Esq.
Tuesday Morning October 27, 2015
Marina Inn
Click here for more information and to register for the seminar.


text:
Staff were very friendly and helpful. Location was ideal for wandering around.
World's smallest elevator and steps were awkwardly small to carry up luggage with size 13 feet.
I was very pleased with this hotel. My room was clean & spacious. The free breakfast was good & staff was friendly. Bus and tram stops were within easy walking distance. There was a very good ice cream shop only 1 block away :)
The bathroom was very compact, but it was clean and funcioned as expected.
The attendant at the desk was extremely kind
and helpful. i believe her name was Christine.
She went out of her way to prepare me an early
morning (3 am) breakfast which I found in the
refrigerator. this was invaluable as I had was
beginning a 26 hour day/trip to Tampa.
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At KAYAK we don't set prices, so it's not possible for us to guarantee what other companies are selling.
We aggregate tons of data for you
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Marc by Marc Jacobs
Collar Tie Lamé Blouse
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text:
Bella Hadid and Brother Anwar Have Lyme Disease, Yolanda Foster Reveals
Star of The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills, Yolanda Foster, has been very vocal about her battle with Lyme disease on her Bravo reality show.
However, she revealed Thursday night that her two youngest children, Bella and Anwar Hadid also suffer from the disease. More »


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text:
Jennifer Aniston REJECTS Justin Theroux Marriage Proposal ... According to Tabloid
Did Jennifer Aniston recently shoot down a marriage proposal from Justin Theroux?
According to OK! Magazine, she did!!! So no, there's no way in hell that occurred.
Did Jennifer Aniston recently shoot down a marriage proposal from Justin Theroux?
According to OK! Magazine, she did!!! So no, there's no way in hell that occurred.
LOL. No.
In Touch Weekly isn't one to let facts get in the way of a good story, and Jennifer Aniston has definitely been dumped and lonely before, so there is historical precedent.
HUGE news, people: Jennifer Aniston is totally pregnant, according to OK! Magazine.
This is totally true, except for the part where she is not pregnant. Or getting a ring.
OMGOMG. Jennifer Aniston is totally getting a ring. Gasp.
That sounds awesome, but is it really a sign of an engagement to Justin Theroux? Or just more carefully-worded editorial brilliance from the desk at In Touch?
Justin Theroux, Jennifer Aniston's boyfriend is reportedly far from pleased with Brad Pitt and his recent comments about the actress. That much is probably true.
Threatening Brad over them, as In Touch reports? Probably not.
Jennifer Aniston is not getting married anytime soon.
But why let that stop you from scooping her wedding?
Jennifer Aniston has always been up for cocktail or two.
Imagine the COMPLETE AND UTTER SHOCK, then, when she dined with Justin Theroux at the Chateau Marmont in L.A. last week and STEERED CLEAR OF ALCOHOL!
Jennifer Aniston has been put on notice.
First, it was Patti Stanger, the Millionaire Matchmaker, telling her to be wary of moving so fast with her new love. Now Justin Theroux's ex, Heidi Bivens, says he's not right for her! Apparently he will "NEVER" be faithful ...


text:
Queen Elizabeth II; Prince Charles
1 portrait
© Baron/Camera Press
Queen Elizabeth II; Prince Charles
by Baron (Sterling Henry Nahum)
cibachrome print, 15 December 1948
13 in. x 10 3/8 in. (331 mm x 263 mm)
acquired as part of Elizabeth II exhibition, 1986
Photographs Collection
NPG x35386
Click on the links below to find out more:
Sittersback to top
- Prince Charles (1948-), Prince of Wales. Sitter in 143 portraits.
- Queen Elizabeth II (1926-), Queen regnant. Sitter associated with 909 portraits.
Artistback to top
- Baron (Sterling Henry Nahum) (1906-1956), Photographer. Artist associated with 90 portraits, Sitter in 4 portraits.
Linked publicationsback to top
- Gittings, Clare, Portraits of Queen Elizabeth I: An Educational Resource Pack, 2003
Subjects & Themesback to top
Tell us moreback to top
Can you tell us more about this portrait? Spotted an error, something missing, or do you know anything that we don't know? If you have any information to share please complete the form below
Exhibitions and displays
- Simon Schama's Face of Britain
Until 4 January 2016
- Curators' Choice: Photographs from the Terence Pepper Gift
Until 24 January 2016
Related pages
Thematic collections


text:
Jean M Stajich
Madison, WI
Get contact information on Jean M Stajich, Madison WI. Find out Jean M Stajich's age, gender, possible aliases, associates, professional, and education info.
Also Known As
Jean M Stajich
Jean M Stajich is in his 50's
Jean Has Lived In
Madison, WI
Mc Farland, WI
Middleton, WI
Menomonee Falls, WI
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Jean M Stajich
Zodiac SignTaurus
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Jean M Stajich's Contact Information
Known Cities Lived In
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Jean M Stajich Has Lived in 2 States
Wisconsin Address for Jean M Stajich
222 Rxxxxxxx Dx
Madison WI
Madison WI
Has Lived InGet Full Address Report
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Mc Farland, WI
Phone Numbers Associated with Jean M Stajich
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(608) ***-**** - Afton, WI
(608) ***-**** - Afton, WI
(310) ***-**** - Los Angeles, CA
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|May 6, 2003
|Filing date
|Aug 27, 2001
|Priority date
|May 24, 1999
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Paul Given, Scott E. Farleigh
|Original Assignee
|Paul Given
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (25), Non-Patent Citations (3), Referenced by (58), Classifications (17), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/414,732 filed Oct. 8, 1999 by Paul Given and entitled "KEYBOARD MOTION DETECTOR" (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,282,655), which prior application relied in part upon Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 60/135,807 filed May 24, 1999 for its filing date.
The invention relates to computers, and more specifically, the invention relates to a computer interface apparatus and method which utilizes a motion sensor that senses that the user is in the immediate vicinity of the computer.
When the user of a computer is occupied with other activities, such as reading a long document, conversing, or the like, the computer can go into a password protected security mode due to the lack of keyboard, mouse, or other input peripheral activity. This is annoying for the user and leads the user to extend the activity time out timer in the computer's security software for a longer period (or disable the security software altogether) to avoid such inconvenience. Whenever the time out timer is extended for longer periods, the potential for security breach increases when the user walks away from the computer. Between the time when the user leaves the vicinity of the computer and the time that the password protection screen saver is activated an unauthorized user may be able to access information on the computer if the time is sufficient.
Computer security is of great concern to businesses which are increasingly relying on the efficiency of computers to operate the businesses. On the other hand, competitors, disgruntled employees, computer hackers and others are a constant threat to the security of the computer's data base.
Several prior art devices have attempted to solve this security problem. U.S. Pat. No. 5,281,961 to Elwell discloses a ceiling sensor to interface with the computerized controllers of energy management systems. This ceiling sensor is operable to detect motion through the use of a transmitted signal of predetermined frequency which, when received, has experienced a Doppler shift. Comparison of the received signal with its frequency change to the transmitted signal produces motion detection which when incorporated with an isolated latching relay enables the switching on and off of light, heating, air conditioning or security interfaces. A method of fabricating a ceiling sensor for a computer controller interface is also described.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,635,905 to Blackburn et al. discloses a system for detecting the presence of a human who may be observing an artifact which is within his or her line of sight or field of view. The system includes a laser with a lens at the output and which is triggered rapidly in order to produce a pulsed beam having divergent rays or visible or invisible infrared light which irradiates an area to be examined for the presence of an observer. The light reflected from the individuals and objects in the area is reflected into a pair of vision devices or pair of vision assemblies the output of which are fed into a computer. The computer has software programs which utilize vision device output data to the intensity and location of the light pixels in the image thereof to detect the presence and orientation of the eyes of an individual in the area based on the light pixel intensity and location data.
A number of systems have been heretofore suggested and/or utilized wherein computer security is heightened when a presence in the vicinity of a secured station is indicated (see U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,002,427, 5,202,929, and 5,548,660). Presence or motion detection has also been utilized to cause suspension of computer function as a power saving strategy (see U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,835,083 and 5,926,404). However, no systems have been heretofore suggested for delaying activation of computer security normally present and operational in a computer system when selected-conditions are determined to be true, thereby allowing and encouraging tight security (short time out timer settings) while avoiding user inconvenience and frustration.
This invention provides apparatus and methods utilized to sense when a user is near a computer and send a signal indicative thereof to the computer so that the computer will not go to a secured (password protected, for example) mode during times of input peripheral inactivity so long as user presence is sensed. When a user leaves the vicinity of the computer, normal operation of a computer's resident security will control computer function (i.e., cause entry thereof to a password protected mode, for example). The apparatus thus will delay activation of computer security normally present and operational in a computer system when the selected conditions are determined to be true, thereby allowing and encouraging tight security (short time out timer settings) while avoiding user inconvenience and frustration.
The activity sensing interface apparatus is interposed between the computer and the input peripheral and includes a presence sensor indicating presence or absence of a user in the immediate vicinity of the computer. Proximity signals pertaining to the presence or absence of the user are output therefrom to a controller which also monitors input to the computer from the input peripheral. When user proximity together with user input inactivity at the input peripheral for a selected period of time are detected a signal is generated at the computer, the signal operating to cause delay in normal enablement of the computer's security software. A routing circuit is connected with the controller and with the computer and the input peripheral to accommodate monitoring of input activity at the input peripheral and avoidance of conflict between normal user input at the input peripheral and signal input from the controller.
The method of this invention for selective prevention of enablement of a computer's security software routine, which would be normally operational when no user input to the computer occurs for a period of time, includes the steps of sensing presence of a user in a selected vicinity of the computer and monitoring signal input to the computer from an input peripheral over a selected time period. A signal is generated to the computer when a lack of signal input to the computer from the input peripheral is sensed during the time period but presence of the user in the selected vicinity of the computer is sensed during the time period, thereby preventing enablement of the security software routine. Normal operation of the security software routine is accommodated when both a lack of signal input to the computer from the input peripheral and absence of the user in the selected vicinity of the computer are sensed.
It is therefore an object of this invention to provide apparatus and methods utilized to sense when a user is near a computer and send a signal indicative thereof to the computer so that the computer will not execute normal security functions.
It is another object of this invention to provide apparatus and methods that prevent normal computer security functions under a given set of circumstances while allowing normal operation of a computer's resident security when a user leaves the vicinity of the computer.
It is another object of this invention to provide for delay of activation of computer security normally present and operational in a computer system when selected conditions are determined to be true, thereby allowing and encouraging tight security while avoiding user inconvenience and frustration.
It is yet another object of this invention to provide an activity sensing interface apparatus interposed between a computer and an input peripheral, the computer including security software normally operational to secure the computer when no user input to the computer at the input peripheral occurs for a period of time, the apparatus including a sensor for sensing presence or absence of a user in the immediate vicinity of the computer and for providing proximity signals pertaining to the presence or absence of the user, and a controller for receiving the proximity signals and monitoring input to the computer from the input peripheral and responsive thereto generating a signal at the computer when user proximity together with user input inactivity at the input peripheral for a selected period of time are detected, the signal operating to cause delay in normal enablement of the computer's security software.
It is yet another object of this invention to provide an apparatus for selective prevention of enablement of a computer's security software routine normally operational when no user input to the computer occurs for a period of time, the computer associated with a user responsive input peripheral, the apparatus including a detector for detecting user presence in a selected vicinity near the computer, a controller associated with the detector and located at one of the computer and the input peripheral, and a routing circuit connected with the controller and with the computer and the input peripheral, the controller for receiving output from the detector indicative of presence or absence of a user of the computer, for monitoring input activity at the input peripheral via the routing circuit, and, responsive thereto, for generating a substitute signal to the computer indicative of user input when nonoccurrence of user input to the computer at the input peripheral is indicated for a selected time period but presence of the user of the computer in the vicinity is indicated thereby preventing enablement of the security software routine, the routing circuit operational to avoid conflict between normal user input at the input peripheral and signal input from the controller.
It is still another object of this invention to provide a method for selective prevention of enablement of a computer's security software routine normally operational when no user input to the computer occurs for a period of time, the method including the steps of sensing presence of a user in a selected vicinity of the computer, monitoring signal input to the computer from an input peripheral over a selected time period, generating a signal to the computer when a lack of signal input to the computer from the input peripheral is sensed during the time period but presence of the user in the selected vicinity of the computer is sensed during the time period, thereby preventing enablement of the security software routine, and accommodating normal operation of the security software routine when both a lack of signal input to the computer from the input peripheral and absence of the user in the selected vicinity of the computer are sensed.
With these and other objects in view, which will become apparent to one skilled in the art as the description proceeds, this invention resides in the novel construction, combination, and arrangement of parts and method substantially as hereinafter described, and more particularly defined by the appended claims, it being understood that changes in the precise embodiment of the herein disclosed invention are meant to be included as come within the scope of the claims.
The accompanying drawings illustrate a complete embodiment of the invention according to the best mode so far devised for the practical application of the principles thereof, and in which:
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of an overview of the motion detector in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of the keyboard interface detail in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a preferred implementation of this invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a first section of the interface apparatus of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of second and third sections of the apparatus of FIG. 3; and
FIG. 6 is a flow chart further illustrating the method of this invention and operation of the apparatus of FIG. 3.
Referring to FIG. 1, an overview of the keyboard motion sensor 100 is shown. FIG. 2 is a detailed flow diagram of the keyboard interface 200. The motion sensor 100 senses the user is in the immediate vicinity of the computer. This device may be implemented with an infrared motion detector aimed at a desired location of the computer terminal, for example (or a micro-switch in the user's chair, for that matter). Upon sensing a person in the vicinity of the computer's keyboard or monitor, the motion sensor 100 will send a signal to the keyboard interface 200. The keyboard interface 200 can then act by sending an artificial "keystroke" in the same manner as a keyboard signal that would prevent the enabling of the computer's 400 security software (for example, a password protected screen saver), in one embodiment. Another embodiment might have the keyboard interface 200 send a signal when the motion detector detects the absence of a person, thereby signaling for immediate enabling of the computer's 400 security software.
The keyboard interface 200 is the controller for this invention. When the user is typing on the keyboard 300, the keyboard interface 200 senses the keystroke via the keystroke sensor 230. The keystroke sensor 230 holds the keystroke sensor line 231 in the logical "true" level to indicate to the controller 210 that the user is typing on the keyboard 300, hence the user is present at the computer terminal. In addition, the motion detector sensor 100 is sending logical "true" pulses via the motion sensor line 101 to the controller 210. Because the user is typing on the keyboard 300, the switch control 220 will keep switch 270 closed and switch 280 open. This will allow for normal keyboard traffic between the keyboard 300 and the computer 400. When the user has stopped typing the keystroke sensor 230 will send a logical "false" level to the controller 210 after a predetermined period of time. In one embodiment, the value of this delay time can be set by the user into the delay timer of the keystroke sensor 230.
In another embodiment, this time can be pre-programmed to a default at the time of manufacture. If the reason for lack of keyboard activity is that the user has left the area of the computer terminal, the controller 210 leaves switch 270 closed and switch 280 open. The computer 400 will then go into a lock mode according to security software that is running on the computer 400 (typically a screen saver). However, if the user is still in the immediate vicinity of the computer terminal, but just not typing on the keyboard 300 at the time, then the motion sensor 100 will detect the presence of the user and send logical "true" pulses to the controller 210 via line 101. Upon sensing the pulses from the motion sensor 100, the controller 210 will open switch 270 and close switch 280. This disconnects the keyboard 300 from the computer 400 and connects the controller 210 to the computer 400. The controller 210 then sends a harmless keystroke, for example SHIFT then BREAK SHIFT, to the computer. This controller 210 generated "keystroke" tells the security software on the computer 400 that the user is still near the terminal and that it should not lock the terminal (i.e., essentially reproducing keyboard activity).
An alternative use for the invention is that as soon as the user leaves the immediate vicinity of the computer 400 the motion sensor 100 senses the absence of the user and the controller 210 immediately sends a command sequence to the computer 400 to put it into a security shutdown mode (such as enabling workstation lockup with a password protected screen saver).
The invention may have at least three distinct modes of operation:
1. a mode where periodically an unobtrusive keystroke can be sent only as long as the detector senses the presence of a person at the workstation;
2. a mode where a series of keystrokes are sent (after an optional timing period) to the workstation to immediately lock it down should the detector sense the lack of a person at the workstation; and
3. to particularly send an unobtrusive keystroke whether or not a person is at the workstation. This last mode may be of interest to the home computer market where a user does not want a remote connection timed out because the user left the area temporarily (for example, an Internet connection could remain active while the user takes a personal break away from the workstation).
Another aspect of the invention is that the device may either be manufactured to exclusively perform one of the above functions, or their functions could be embodied in one device that is programmable to operate in any one of the above described modes. Programming could be accomplished through hardware switch settings, or come through the keyboard or computer to which it interfaces. Programming would not only include which mode, but could also include which keystroke would represent the unobtrusive keystroke described above (default to shift enable, shift disenable perhaps), changes to default timing parameters between keystrokes, and, for mode 2) above, which keystrokes are necessary to accomplish workstation lock up. The invention might include, in one embodiment, two LED's to represent which one of the three modes is currently operating (or in the "off" or disable state). No LED lit means the invention is off-line, out of the loop, or otherwise disabled and is not functionally operational while allowing normal keystroke operations, left LED alone lit means the invention is operating in mode 1) described above, right LED alone lit means the invention is operating in mode 2) described above, and both LED's lit means the invention is operating in mode 3) described above.
In another embodiment, another LED or perhaps a different color, could blink on momentarily every time a keystroke is being automatically sent thus giving the user some assurance that the device is working.
Another embodiment of the invention may be known by the name Infrared Control Unit (ICU). One possible implementation of the ICU is to implement it with an inexpensive programmable microprocessor using non-volatile memory to save user settings when power is removed. The ICU could be programmed from a system command file at power-up time with all the user options. Such a command file can be tailored to user preferences employing an ordinary editor on a provided program template during initial installation or at any time afterwards. The ICU would come with factory defaults should the user not want to bother with programming it.
Another improvement for the ICU would include a soft sonic alert when the ICU is either getting ready to issue instructions to the system box to engage the screen saver, or when enough time has elapsed that the screen saver activation is near. This could be done in both of two operational modes: OM1—keep screen saver away while user is present; and OM2—engage lockup as soon as the user leaves the area. For OM1, a user could be perfectly still while sitting at the terminal reading, for example, making it difficult for a motion detector to recognize the presence of the user. If the ICU has not detected motion for perhaps 55 (user programmable) seconds (the lowest keyboard inactivity time-out value for a screen saver in WINDOWS98 is 60 seconds) it could issue a sonic alert. This very act would cause the quiet reader to look up momentarily, providing just enough motion for the ICU to reset the keyboard inactivity timer by sending a keystroke to the system box. For OM2, the sonic alert could serve as a reminder that, in say five (user programmable) seconds, the terminal will be locked up with the password protected screen saver. If ICU is implemented with a microprocessor as previously discussed, the timing function should provide no real obstacle. From previous work, it is known that some sonic alert modules are available in a variety of functional parameters including price and loudness. Activation of the "sonic reminder" could be another parameter that the user could set up as an option when the ICU is first installed.
In another embodiment, any proximity detector, that is, the utilization of a proximity detector of any type, including a thermal detector, not just a motion detector, to control the screen saver as per previous descriptions may be used. This would include, but not be limited to, such commercially available devices as a radio transmitter and receiver combination, one on the user and one at the terminal, so that when the separation between the two becomes great enough, the screen saver would be invoked. There are also commercially available, and commonly used in building security, systems where a person is allowed into the building whenever his badge (containing a passive transponder) is passed near to a transmitter typically at the building entrance. Such an arrangement could be transferred for use to enable a screen saver when a badge carrying user moves far enough away from the terminal. Other like proximity detectors whether modified by some method of encoding to detect a particular user or just any user could be made to serve the purposes herein of selectively securing a computer terminal.
A now preferred deployment of the interface apparatus and method of this invention in accord with FIG. 1 is illustrated in FIGS. 3 through 6. Interface unit 500 is a computer security device that allows the user to set the computer's password protected screen save to a minimal amount of time but, while the user is in a selected vicinity of the computer, will not allow the computer to lock down (i.e., move into security protected screen saver status). When the user leaves the area interface unit 500 no longer senses the user in the vicinity of the computer and allows the computer to go into its password protected screen saver mode. Upon return, the user will then log in to the computer to release it from the secured mode.
The computer goes into its lock down mode when it does not sense any input from a peripheral device such as a keyboard, mouse, COM port, USB port, or the like for a period of time selected by the user. Interface unit 500 takes advantage of this mode of operation allowing the user to set the screen saver time out utilized in programming unit 500 to a short period of time. When the user walks away from their computer, interface unit 500 will then allow the computer to go into lock down.
Interface unit 500 includes three major sections. Section 502 includes sensor 100 that detects the presence of the user and related circuitry 504 (see FIG. 4). Any method of sensing the presence of a user will be adequate. The specific method of sensing that is used in this embodiment is a pyro-electric infra-red sensor (IR sensor). The sensor's AC output signal is amplified through two cascaded operational amplifiers 506 and 508. The output from operational amplifier 508 (preferably conditioned through a hysteresis gate) is the sense signal which is provided as an output to controller section 510.
For pyroelectric IR sensors clean power must be supplied. The power supply on a typical PC is quite noisy. Noise up to 300 mVpp have been measured on the 5+VDC supply of a PC. With this in mind, circuit 512 in FIG. 4 is a +4.1 VDC power supply wherein zener diode 514 sets the reference voltage level to +4.7 VDC. Adding in the emitter base junction drop of transistor 516, the analog supply voltage at output 518 will be about +4.1 VDC. The main reason for this transistor/zener circuit is to provide a higher impedance for 1000 uF filter capacitor 520. Without this added active circuitry, the filter capacitor would need to be in the range of 10,000 uF.
The output of IR sensor 100 is directly coupled to one pin of amplifier 506. Capacitor 522 (47 uF) and resistor 524 (18K ohm) are coupled to the other pin of amplifier 506 and perform two functions. First they indirectly AC couple the signal from IR sensor 100. Second, they provide a low pass filter together with feedback components 526 (a 1 M ohm resistor) and 528 (a 15 nF capacitor). The output from amplifier 506 is AC coupled to one input of amplifier 508 which is again lowpass filtered. Sensitivity adjustment potentiometer 530 is tied to the other pin of amplifier 508. Adjustment of potentiometer 530 allows the user to set the sensitivity level of the sensor's output. Finally the output of the sensor section (i.e., the sense signal) is sent to the controller section. LED 532 provides a visible indicator of sensor activity and is coupled with section 510 by line 534.
Second section 510 is a controller and receives the output sense signal on line 536 from section 502 (at input 538), as well as signals to/from LED 532 on line 534 (at input 540). Controller section 510 could be implemented in a number of ways, including by micro-controller or as a finite state machine (FSM). The implementation illustrated in FIG. 5 is a FSM utilizing integrated circuit controller 542 (for example, a CYPRESS CY37064P44-100JC CPLD).
The purpose of controller 542 is to monitor motion activity from sensor section 502, and to send a "Keep Alive" message or signal to host computer 400 where activity (i.e., motion in the vicinity of host computer 400) is sensed. The Keep Alive message can be any type of message/signal (such as an artificial keystroke or other substitute signal as discussed hereinabove) that the computer recognizes as user activity on one or any of its input peripherals 544 (keyboard 300 or any other user input device or port). The Keep Alive signal is used to avoid computer security lock down. Controller 542 periodically sends Keep Alive messages or signals to host computer 400 to keep the computer from being swamped with Keep Alive messages (but preferably provides signals when necessary no less than fifteen seconds apart). As discussed above, for example wherein the peripheral of concern is a keyboard, it was determined that "Left-Shift" and release was one of the keystroke indicia that would not have the capability of initiating an unwanted action or result on the computer and so is utilized as a Keep Alive signal. Where the input peripheral of concern is different (a mouse or port, for example) the Keep Alive signal may be the same or a different signal.
Controller 542 also monitors user activity on host computer 400 and input peripheral 544. If the user has initiated activity on the selected input peripheral 544 within a set period of time (fifteen seconds for example), then controller 542 will not send a Keep Alive message. This is done to avoid contention between interface unit 500 and normal use input to host computer 400 from input peripheral 544.
Integrated circuit 548 (a 74HC123 mono-stable, for example) is used as the fifteen second activity timer. Oscillator 550 (a FOX X052B100 1 Mhz TTL clock, for example,) is provided. As illustrated in FIG. 6, when the sense signal goes active controller 542 detects the logical '0' levels. If a keystroke or keep alive stroke has been sent in the last fifteen seconds controller 542 goes back to waiting for the sense signal to go low again. However, if no normal peripheral input activity (i.e., a keystroke, mouse click or movement, or the like) or Keep Alive signal has been sent in such period then data and clock lines of input peripheral 544 are disconnected from host computer 400. In their place the controller sends the Keep Alive signal (for example, a Left-Shift and breaking a Left-Shift keystroke signal) when activity is sensed at sensor section 502. The state machine then reconnects input peripheral 544 to host computer 400. This Keep Alive signal also resets fifteen second timer 548. The state machine then returns to looking for the sense signal to go low.
Third section 560 is the host computer/input peripheral routing device. Routing device 560 can be adapted for any input to host computer 400 that the computer will recognize as a peripheral input for user activity. This input may include the keyboard input, the mouse input, a COM port, or a USB port among others (device 560 may be adapted for use on more than one of the peripheral inputs). A 74HC4066 analog switching integrated circuit device may be utilized as routing device 560 as shown in FIG. 5.
In general, for use at any peripheral device input to host computer 400, provision is made for input peripheral 544 to be plugged into interface unit 500 (at routing device 560) and a cable or other connection from unit 500 (at routing device 560) is plugged into the appropriate jack or other input on host computer 400 related to such input peripheral. That is, interface unit 500 is located between input peripheral 544 and computer 400. Interface unit 500 does not interfere with user operation of the input peripheral. The only time that interface unit 500 grabs the input peripheral communication lines at routing device 560 is when a Keep Alive signal needs to be sent to host computer 400 (i.e., when interface unit 500 has detected motion in the vicinity of the host but no user input activity at the input peripheral within the last selected period of time is sensed).
As soon as the Keep Alive signal is sent, unit 500 releases the input to the computer so as not to interfere with normal input peripheral/computer operation. If after another period of time interface unit 500 senses the user is in the vicinity of host computer 400 but does not sense any user input peripheral activity, unit 500 will transmit another Keep Alive signal. This sequence continues until the user leaves the vicinity of the computer, in which case interface unit 500 remains idle allowing normal computer security (i.e., the computer's password protected screen saver mode) to go active.
The host computer's time out timer may thus be set to a short interval (for example, one minute) without any user inconvenience. When the user leaves the vicinity of host computer 400 the password protection of the computer will initiate after the short interval thereby enhancing protection of data from unauthorized uses.
In one specific example of a unit in accord with FIGS. 3 through 6, the host computer's keyboard 300 is plugged into unit 500. The invention is then plugged into the "keyboard" jack on the motherboard of host computer 400. Unit 500, like keyboard 300, draws its power from the host computer motherboard. When there is keyboard activity from the user, unit 500 lets the keyboard activity pass on to computer 400. When the user is in the vicinity of host computer 400 but has not initiated any keyboard activity for about fifteen seconds, unit 500 will send the "Left Shift" keystroke (i.e., the sequence for the artificial keystroke or substitute signal) as the Keep Alive signal to the motherboard. This will keep the password protected screen saver from timing out hence avoiding security implementation at host computer 400 while its user remains in the general vicinity.
While after-market units have been heretofore described, the apparatus and methods of this invention can be employed as original equipment in the host computer (thus being largely invisible to the user and capable of embodiment almost entirely in software separate of the presence sensing function). Likewise, the apparatus could be implemented with and integrated into the selected input peripheral and its software. It will be appreciated that the present invention provides a novel computer interface and method for utilizing sensing that the user is in the immediate vicinity of the computer. It is contemplated that other embodiments and/or modifications may be made in the present invention without departure from inventive concepts manifested by the disclosed embodiments. It is expressly intended, therefore, that the foregoing description is illustrative only of preferred embodiments, not limiting, and that the true spirit and scope of the invention be determined by reference to the appended claims.
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|Xerox Corporation
|Remote computer security system for computers, printers and multifunction devices
|Apr 14, 1997
|Sep 28, 1999
|De La Huerga; Carlos
|Security badge for automated access control and secure data gathering
|Sep 15, 1997
|Dec 14, 1999
|Kipust; Alan J.
|Security system with proximity sensing for an electronic device
|Aug 27, 1997
|May 30, 2000
|Ensure Technologies Incorporated
|Computer access control
|Dec 3, 1997
|Jun 6, 2000
|Citicorp Development Center, Inc.
|Method and system for banking institution interactive center
|Feb 20, 1998
|Feb 13, 2001
|Lucent Technologies, Inc.
|Proximity detection of valid computer user
|Oct 8, 1999
|Aug 28, 2001
|Paul Given
|Keyboard motion detector
|Sep 8, 1998
|Dec 11, 2001
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Method and system for the automatic initiation of power application and start-up activities in a computer system
|Dec 14, 1998
|Apr 16, 2002
|Mark Lignoul
|Proximity sensor for screen saver and password delay
|Mar 9, 1998
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|Micron Technology, Inc.
|Method for automatically initiating a computer security and/or screen saver mode
|Feb 19, 2003
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|Wilson Greatbatch Technologies, Inc.
|Lithium-ion over voltage protection circuit
|Feb 20, 2002
|Jul 18, 2002
|Mark Lignoul
|Proximity sensor for screen saver and password delay
|Mar 19, 2002
|Jul 25, 2002
|Klein Dean A.
|System for automatically initiating a computer security and/or screen saver mode
|"Ensure Technologies" 2001, IT GlobalSecure, www.itglobalsecure.com, p. 1-4.*
|"Forest Health Services Selects Ensure Technologies' XyLoc Wireless PC Security" Mar. 16, 1999, Business Wire via Dialog Text Search, p. 1-2.*
|Zimmerman et al, "Applying Electric Field Sensing to Human-Computer Interfaces" May 1995, MIT Media Laboratory-Physics and Media Group, p. 1-8
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Feb 8, 2001
|Oct 5, 2004
|Twinhead International Corp.
|User proximity sensor and signal processing circuitry for determining whether to power a computer on or off
|Feb 16, 2001
|Jul 26, 2005
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Method and system for providing application launch by identifying a user via a digital camera, utilizing an edge detection algorithm
|May 31, 2001
|Sep 20, 2005
|Hall Aluminum Llc
|User voice based resource saving preemption
|Sep 25, 2002
|Aug 8, 2006
|Bellsouth Intellectual Property Corporation
|Method and system for preventing the activation of a computer screen saver
|Apr 19, 2000
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|Glenayre Electronics, Inc.
|Operating session reauthorization in a user-operated device
|May 8, 2002
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|3Pardata, Inc.
|Spurious input detection for firmware
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|Square D Company
|Remote metering display with motion sensor
|Aug 12, 2005
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|Hall Aluminum Llc
|Resource saving preemption
|Apr 16, 2004
|Aug 14, 2007
|Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
|Boot time reducing device including boot preparation instructing unit
|Dec 12, 2003
|Apr 15, 2008
|Sap Aktiengesellschaft
|Refreshing a transaction screen
|Jan 24, 2005
|Feb 23, 2010
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Secure computer password system and method
|Dec 27, 2005
|Feb 23, 2010
|Cisco Technology, Inc.
|System and method for changing network behavior based on presence information
|Jul 18, 2007
|Jul 6, 2010
|Dpd Patent Trust Ltd.
|Portable identity card reader system for physical and logical access
|Aug 10, 2005
|Aug 10, 2010
|Intel Corporation
|Method and apparatus for controlling data propagation
|Mar 10, 2008
|Nov 29, 2011
|Microsoft Corporation
|Computer system architecture for automatic context associations
|Jun 28, 2006
|Feb 7, 2012
|Microsoft Corporation
|Fast reconfiguration of graphics pipeline state
|Feb 28, 2005
|Nov 20, 2012
|Microsoft Corporation
|Automatically generated highlight view of electronic interactions
|Sep 2, 2011
|Nov 27, 2012
|Microsoft Corporation
|Fast reconfiguration of graphics pipeline state
|Jan 1, 2013
|American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for managing an interactive network session
|Sep 26, 2008
|Mar 26, 2013
|Apple Inc.
|Apparatus and method for calibrating image capture devices
|Aug 17, 2010
|Jul 30, 2013
|Apple Inc.
|Image capture using luminance and chrominance sensors
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|Apple Inc.
|Display system having coherent and incoherent light sources
|Sep 8, 2008
|Aug 13, 2013
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|Projection systems and methods
|Sep 26, 2008
|Sep 3, 2013
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|Computer user interface system and methods
|Sep 8, 2008
|Sep 17, 2013
|Apple Inc.
|Method and apparatus for depth sensing keystoning
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|Apple Inc.
|Computer systems and methods with projected display
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|Systems and methods for an imaging system using multiple image sensors
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|Apr 1, 2014
|Apple Inc.
|Image capture device having tilt and/or perspective correction
|Mar 2, 2012
|May 6, 2014
|American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.
|Systems and methods for enhanced authorization fraud mitigation
|Jan 26, 2011
|Jun 24, 2014
|Apple Inc.
|Dichroic aperture for electronic imaging device
|Jun 29, 2006
|Feb 10, 2015
|Microsoft Corporation
|Fast variable validation for state management of a graphics pipeline
|Oct 4, 2012
|Feb 24, 2015
|Iii Holdings 1, Llc
|Method and apparatus for managing an interactive network session
|Jul 11, 2012
|Mar 3, 2015
|Blackberry Limited
|Computing devices and methods for resetting inactivity timers on computing devices
|Dec 31, 2010
|Jun 9, 2015
|Blackberry Limited
|System and method for detecting accidental peripheral device disconnection
|Nov 27, 2013
|Jul 14, 2015
|Kyocera Document Solutions Inc.
|Image processing apparatus and authentication method having user authentication function based on human body detection
|Feb 7, 2014
|Aug 18, 2015
|Apple Inc.
|Image capture device having tilt and/or perspective correction
|Apr 24, 2014
|Sep 15, 2015
|Blackberry Limited
|Computing device with environment aware features
|Feb 8, 2001
|Oct 10, 2002
|Chu-Kung Liu
|Computer device for sensing user status and computer system for direct automatic networking
|Oct 15, 2004
|Apr 21, 2005
|Paris Clifford D.
|Motion detecting computer control device
|Dec 12, 2003
|Jun 16, 2005
|Miroslav Cina
|Refreshing a transaction screen
|Feb 26, 2003
|Jul 21, 2005
|Erwin Welbergen
|System for providing an input signal, device for use in such a system and computer input device
|Feb 4, 2005
|Aug 18, 2005
|Paul Given
|Computer security peripheral
|Mar 8, 2003
|Sep 29, 2005
|Sick Ag
|Sensor-machine interface and method for operating the same
|Aug 12, 2005
|Jan 12, 2006
|Engstrom G E
|Resource saving preemption
|Jan 24, 2005
|Jul 27, 2006
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Secure computer password system and method
|Apr 16, 2004
|Aug 17, 2006
|Mikihiko Yamada
|Start time reduction device and electronic device
|Feb 28, 2005
|Aug 31, 2006
|Microsoft Corporation
|Automatically generated highlight view of electronic interactions
|Jun 22, 2006
|Dec 28, 2006
|Boate Alan R
|Two-way wireless monitoring system and method
|Aug 10, 2005
|Feb 15, 2007
|Rothman Michael A
|Method and apparatus for controlling data propagation
|Dec 20, 2005
|Jun 21, 2007
|Apple Computer, Inc.
|Protecting electronic devices from extended unauthorized use
|Dec 14, 2009
|Jul 1, 2010
|Mstar Semiconductor, Inc.
|Automatic Lock and Automatic Unlock Method for Computer System and Computer System Thereof
|Oct 13, 2011
|Jc Ip Llc
|Systems and apparatuses and methods to adaptively control controllable systems
|Dec 31, 2010
|Jul 5, 2012
|Research In Motion Limited
|System and method for detecting accidental peripheral device disconnection
|Jan 12, 2012
|Jul 18, 2013
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Managing Power Consumption In A User Space
|Nov 27, 2013
|Jun 5, 2014
|Kyocera Document Solutions Inc.
|Information processing apparatus having user authentication function and authentication method
|U.S. Classification
|726/34, 340/540
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Aug 27, 2001
|Nov 22, 2006
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|May 6, 2007
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Jul 3, 2007
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20070506


text:
Six or so out-of-town summer trips down, only four more to go before the start of the Fall semester—at which point I'll be able to resume regular blogging, and maybe even some actual research and writing. Pending that merciful eventuality, here's my Wall Street Journal review of Adam Freedman's recent federalism manifesto, A Less Perfect Union: The Case For States' Rights. I've met Adam occasionally at Manhattan Institute events. He's a thoroughly good guy; creative thinker; great writer. Obviously I don't agree with every chord in his federalism riff. Foremost: while Adam does a manful job in defense of "states' rights,"…
Fighting Federalism: Damon Root's Overruled (Part One)
Supreme Court pundits generally have the Court's members pegged along a simple political spectrum, with "liberal" denoting one side and "conservative" the other (with Justice Anthony Kennedy endlessly dancing from one side to the other). The assumption is that constitutional interpretation falls along a simple liberal-conservative continuum. Damon Root's new book, Overruled: The Long War for Control of the Supreme Court, suggests that this binary view is too simplistic. A third approach, libertarianism, presents a theory of limited government power that is indebted to, and yet distinguishable from, post-New Deal liberalism and traditional social conservativism. Like most constitutional conservatives, libertarians call…
Federalism, Upside-Down and Executive
The Upside-Down Constitution isn't for the faint of heart, or for people who actually work for a living. So some time ago, the Mercatus Center nudged me to write up a more digestible version of the federalism argument—the political economy piece, sans the ConLaw and FedCourts jazz—for wider distribution. The product, a sixty-off page essay on "Federalism and the Constitution: Competition versus Cartel," is now available from Mercatus. It's a quick, convenient introduction to the subject. The essay contains a few new riffs. Among them: our upside-down cartel federalism has become an executive federalism: increasingly, federal-state relations are shaped in one-off…
Federalism as a Catalyst for Beneficial Social Change
The question of whether there is a federal constitutional right to same-sex marriage is essentially a debate about whether judges need to update the Constitution to keep step with changing times. Justice Anthony Kennedy appears to be the pivotal vote on the issue. One observer yesterday summarized what he takes to be the lesson of his previous opinions on rights: Kennedy "believes that each generation has the right to conceive of newer and broader forms of liberty that merit constitutional protection. He sees history as a guide but not a straitjacket."
There is no doubt that each generation has the right to conceive of newer and broader forms of liberty. But it does not follow that federal judges should determine what those are. As Mike Rappaport and I have noted, the Constitution accommodates social change through features other than judicial updating. The most important such method is federalism. The states themselves have few restrictions on their powers. Their experiments to address social change can be readily adopted by other states in a continental republic with a free press.
Federalism in the modern era has been a great catalyst for freedoms.
When Is "the Law" Violated Under the Constitution, Anyway?
Recently a New York Times headline blared: "McConnell Urges States to Defy U.S. Plan to Cut Greenhouse Gas." It was the first in a barrage of mainstream media stories to the same effect. Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-KY) was telling the states to violate the law! An apalled ranking environmental committee Senator Barbara Boxer (D-CA) said she could not recall another top politician actually "calling on states to disobey the law."
Roving Bandits: A Discussion with Paul Nolette on the Power Wielded by State Attorneys General
Paul Nolette comes to Liberty Law Talk to discuss his book Federalism on Trial, which demonstrates how state attorneys general quietly became significant national policymakers. What was once a rather staid position in state government has become the source of entirely new regimes of conduct impressed on companies and industries. Incredible evidence of this legal revolution can be seen in the Master Settlement Agreement with the tobacco industry, which, courtesy of the attorneys general, sent $200 billion to the states and negotiated an entirely new cartel for the industry without a single vote in Congress. While some attorneys general have challenged…
Indiana Wants Me, or Maybe Not
I just returned from a speaking engagement with the National Association of Attorneys General (Midwestern) in Indianapolis. The city used to be a dump; now it's thriving. (In these pre-Final Four days, it's the place to be.) The NAAG event was tremendous: it's a shame they don't transcribe or podcast the discussions. The panelists (yours truly included) yell at each other on the blogs but lo, they're actually is a trans-party, Yale-to-GMU constituency for the rule of law—and they meet in a hotel room and learn from each other. The NAAG's Dan Schweitzer, who called this thing together, is a…
Generals of Regulation
Over the past few years, state attorneys general have brought dozens of lawsuits challenging the Obama Administration's regulatory initiatives. In addition to leading constitutional challenges to the Affordable Care Act, AGs have sued to block new environmental regulations, implementation of the Dodd-Frank financial law, and a host of other federal policies. For those concerned about the size and scope of federal power, this is a welcome development. Who is better positioned than the states' top litigators to use law as a bulwark to protect the rights of states against an expanding federal government?
Con "Law" Theory, New Haven-Style
Yale law professor Heather K. Gerken is among the country's most prolific and creative federalism scholars. In cooperation with two co-authors (Ari Holtzblatt and James T. Dawson—hereinafter, "Gerken & Co") she has embarked on a project to develop a theory of "The Political Safeguards of Horizontal Federalism."
Fusionism and Federalism
I spent the weekend at an excellent conference on the work of Frank S. Meyer, a leading post-war thinker of the right. His major effort has generally been called fusionism –an attempt to marry classical liberalism and traditional conservatism. But he himself did not claim the term "fusionism": that was a label others affixed. He saw himself as revealing the complementary nature of liberty and tradition rather than creating a new alloy out of disparate materials. For Meyer, liberty was the end of politics, and that fact could be apprehended by reason. But because of the constraints of human knowledge, traditions were important as a guide for the appropriate realization of liberty. And traditions help men choose virtue when political freedom appropriately gives them that choice.
Besides its importance in reconciling liberty with tradition analytically, fusionism had and continues to have important political implications.
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Financing: First tool you'll need for home improvement projects
If you're planning a home improvement project this year, you're in good company. The economy and... More
If you're planning a home improvement project this year, you're in good company. The economy and... More
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Are you afraid your chances to complete a DIY project this year are over because colder... More
When it comes to preventive maintenance, a little time and effort can save thousands in energy... More
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If you're looking to update your home décor this fall, you'll find new furniture profiles,... More
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Fall and winter can be tough on your home and your wallet. As temperatures drop, chances are your... More
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Marian Huth Holibaugh accomplished two feats many people do not achieve: She celebrated her 95th... More
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text:
Burberry hires a CIO away from Wal-Mart Asia
Fumbi Chima is Burberry's newest chief information officer and will report to chief operating officer John Smith.
Burberry hires a CIO away from Wal-Mart Asia
Fumbi Chima is Burberry's newest chief information officer and will report to chief operating officer John Smith.
Facebook makes a major e-commerce move
Facebook is testing a shopping-oriented section of its app, as well as a new type of ad that makes it easier to browse.
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The forces are gathering that could make for a serious debate next year about charging sales tax on web purchases.
I don't think Congress is going to pass an online sales tax bill this year. For one thing, there are many other pressing issues for lawmakers to take up in the few months left before they effectively call it quits in early October to run for reelection. For another, I don't see many House members wanting to go before the voters having just supported an extension of sales tax to online purchases.
But that doesn't mean yesterday's introduction of the so-called Main Street Fairness Act can be brushed aside by online retailers. My estimation is that the political forces are coming together to bring this question to a head in Congress, where it belongs (as opposed to being taken up one by one by the states, as we've seen happen in the past year.)
Retail chains have long lobbied for all online purchases to be subject to sales tax, because the big chains have stores in just about every state and thus have to collect sales tax on items they sell from their web sites. (The Supreme Court has ruled that only retailers with a physical presence in a state, such as a store or warehouse, can be required to collect and remit sales taxes.) Since the chains have to charge consumers sales tax, they know they are at a disadvantage in competing with web-only retailers that don't charge tax.
But now the retail chains have been joined by state governments that are billions short of balancing their budgets as a result of the recession-induced plunge in tax revenue of all kinds. The Obama administration can't be happy with all the layoffs in state government and service cutbacks. Just as one example, Detroit recently closed 77 parks to save money. That doesn't sound like the kind of hope millions of Americans were looking for when they voted for Obama.
I'm betting there will be a serious debate in Congress over passing an online sales tax bill in 2011, after the midterm elections and more than a year before the next presidential election. Meanwhile, here at Internet Retailer we're trying to figure out whether adding sales tax to an online purchase makes much difference in whether consumers buy. We'll be digging into real data, and reporting on what we find in an article by Paul Demery in the August issue of Internet Retailer magazine.
Facebook targeting tools are available for Instagram, which Facebook owns.
Posted 10/13/15
When the shopper controls the information she receives, she buys more and unsubscribes less.
Posted 10/09/15
Many consumers don't shop for gifts where they shop for themselves. Here are some tips ...
Posted 10/07/15
Here are five areas every online retailer should address now to be prepared for the ...
Posted 10/06/15
If there's something you've bought offline that you weren't able to buy online, we're probably thinking about that."


text:
Search results
Weisser, Cruickshank join Smith
Based in Hood River, Ore., Weisser reports to Kevin Hyland, Smith's North American sports/outdoor ...
Posted August 4, 2015 in North America
BRAIN Interbike deadlines extended
to Carpiet by Thursday, Sept. 10. Interbike returns with OutDoor Demo in Boulder City, Nev., on Sept. 14 ...
Posted August 4, 2015 in North America
Report finds slight decrease in outdoor participation
percent — participated in at least one outdoor activity in 2014, a decrease of 0.8 percent compared with 2013, according to the Outdoor Foundation's 2015 Outdoor Recreation Participation Topline Report. ...
Posted May 18, 2015 in Studies/Reports
Compass closes sale of CamelBak
WESTPORT, Conn. (BRAIN) — Compass Diversified Holdings has completed the sale of CamelBak Products to Vista Outdoor Inc. for $412.5 million plus an additional $14.1 million of estimated cash and working capital adjustments. The two companies had entered into an agreement on the sale July 27. ...
Posted August 3, 2015 in North America
Black Diamond says POC contributed to record quarterly sales, announces new POC Gran Fondo clothing line
SALT LAKE CITY (BRAIN) — Outdoor supplier Black Diamond, Inc., which owns the POC brand, generated record sales in its second quarter, which ended June 30. The company said the growth was driven by sales of Black Diamond apparel and "the continued rollout of POC's cycling products, including ...
Posted August 12, 2015 in North America
Surly revamps sales policies
this year, and will have an expanded presence at this year's Interbike OutDoor Demo. "We're going to be all hands on deck for OutDoor Demo," Fleck said. Surly will not have its own booth on the expo floor ...
Posted July 20, 2015 in North America
Jeff Lenosky to perform at EORA's Killington trade show
ASHEVILLE, N.C. (BRAIN) — Pro trials rider Jeff Lenosky will perform at the Eastern Outdoor Reps Association trade show in Killington, Vt., planned for Aug. 24-26. Lenosky will perform Aug. 25 at 6:30 p.m. at the event, being held at Killington Grand Resort's Snow Shed Lodge and & Rams ...
Posted July 20, 2015 in North America
New England Mountain Bike Association chapter in Maine awarded $50k LL Bean grant
construction at the Sugarloaf Outdoor Center. Coupled with matching funds from the town and other sources, there will be approximately $107,000 available for investment in mountain bike trail construction at the Outdoor Center ...
Posted July 27, 2015 in North America
Club Ride hires female designer, hopes to make women's clothing half of its business
an active lifestyle, the need to meet with outdoor retailers and customers has increased," the company ...
Posted July 28, 2015 in North America
NPD Group: Women's-specific cycling product sales continue to grow
The webinar, entitled "The Women's Market: Women's Sales in the Outdoor, Run/Fitness and Cycling ...
Posted July 29, 2015 in Studies/Reports


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Dean Wareham
Dean Wareham's been a college-rock icon for nearly three decades. With slow-core progenitors Galaxy 500 in the twilight of the Reagan era and lounge experimenters Luna after that, he's donned many different music-making guises, all of them united by his dreamy guitar work and chilly deadpan delivery. His self-titled debut solo album — recorded with My Morning Jacket's Jim James behind the boards and playing in his backing band — features nine tracks so uniformly appealing and delightfully diaphanous you can't help but wonder what took him so long to make a play for the solo spotlight. With Advance Base.
Sat., April 12, 8 p.m., 2014
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