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Twice baked,not shy
Chef aims to bring flavorful, filling double-baked potatoes back in style.
One of my first jobs as a chef was at a popular place in Detroit called the Caucus Club — sadly, now closed. It drew many of Detroit's movers and shakers and it was where Barbra Streisand got her first paying gig and first big break. One of the Caucus Club's famous dishes was Baked Potato Skins. I have no idea if Barbra ever ate them.
There was no oven in the restaurant's tiny kitchen and only a couple of burners and a big broiler, where most of the food was cooked. The potatoes were baked in the top part of the broiler early in the day. While they were still warm, even hot, they were halved and the pulp was scooped out, leaving a potato shell. We cut the shells in half, making four quarters, which we brushed with butter and broiled to order.
Diners could choose toppings, including sour cream and chives, and we served them as an appetizer or a side dish. Some of the potato pulp went into our excellent corned beef hash. Every night they sold out. Today, when I see potato skins on menus, they seem to be a junky, fat-loaded appetizer, not as elegant as the ones we made.
To me, however, a baked potato is so much more than its skin. It's also the fluffy insides. Scoop out the insides and mash them with good things such as cooked spinach, Italian tuna, shredded cheese, bacon, chopped scallions and sour cream. Spoon it all back into the shells and bake them some more. With soup or a salad, that's dinner. Or they're a side to roasted chicken thighs or a salmon fillet.
I don't see them much anymore. I want to bring twice-baked potatoes back. What could be more comforting?
In Diane Morgan's gorgeous new book, "Roots: The Definitive Compendium With More than 225 Recipes," she offers a delicious riff on the theme. Her twice-baked potatoes were inspired by the ones her mother made.
We chatted about twice-baked potatoes and their versatility. "As kids," she said, "we loved them because they were popped under the broiler and had crusty cheese on top. They were served with chicken or a roast, or as the star of the plate."
These days, she might mash the hot potato with cheese and salsa, stuff that back into the skins and bake them, and then put a poached egg on top: "Breakfast for dinner."
You have to start with the right potato. After baking, it should have a floury, fluffy, dry texture. A russet potato is the one to choose; they're sometimes called Idaho potatoes, Idaho russets or baking potatoes, and they are long and a little plump with rough brown skins.
4 large russet potatoes, about 12 ounces each, scrubbed and pricked with fork in several places
— Canola or other neutral oil for rubbing skins
4 tablespoons unsalted butter
¹/ cup slivered almonds
1 large garlic clove, minced
6 scallions, including tops, thinly sliced
11/2 tablespoons finely minced fresh rosemary
1 cup (4 ounces) grated Gruyere cheese
3/4 cup sour cream
3/4 cup plain Greek yogurt
2 to 3 tablespoons milk
— Kosher salt and freshly ground black pepper to taste
2 tablespoons fine dry breadcrumbs
2 tablespoons freshly grated Parmigiano-Reggiano
1. Preheat oven to 400 degrees. Rub potatoes with oil; place on rimmed baking sheet. Bake until skins are crisp and potatoes tender, about 1 hour. Set aside about 10 minutes, until cool enough to handle.
2. Meanwhile, in medium skillet, melt butter over medium-high heat. Add almonds and cook, stirring, 1 minute. Add garlic, scallions and rosemary. Cook, stirring often, until onions are soft but not brown, about 2 minutes. Transfer to plate.
3. Cut potatoes in half lengthwise. With teaspoon, scoop out pulp into bowl, making a thin but sturdy potato shell. Arrange shells in metal baking pan with sides.
4. With potato masher or food mill, mash potato. With rubber spatula, fold in onion mixture and Gruyere. Stir in sour cream, then yogurt. Add enough milk to create a fluffy mixture that will mound in shells. Season to taste with salt and pepper.
5. Spoon into shells, mounding mixture. In small bowl, stir together breadcrumbs and Parmesan; spoon about 1½ teaspoons over each potato. (Potatoes can be prepared ahead and kept at room temperature for 2 hours.)
6. Bake until heated through and nicely browned on top, about 20 minutes. Broil to brown crumb mixture, 2 to 3 minutes. Serve immediately.
7. Makes 6 to 8 servings
4 large baking potatoes, scrubbed and pricked with fork in several places
2 tablespoons olive oil, plus a little for rubbing potato skins
2 large garlic cloves, minced
1/2 teaspoon dried thyme or oregano
1 6-ounce bag baby spinach, coarsely chopped
1/4 cup plus 2 tablespoons plain Greek yogurt
1 cup coarsely crumbled feta cheese, divided
— Kosher salt and freshly ground black pepper, to taste
1. Preheat oven to 425 degrees. Lightly rub potatoes with oil and place on oven rack. Bake about 1 hour, until soft when squeezed. Remove from oven and let stand about 20 minutes, until cool enough to handle. Reduce oven temperature to 400 degrees.
2. Meanwhile, stir oil and garlic in large, heavy skillet. Cook over medium heat, stirring often, until fragrant, about 3 minutes. Stir in thyme or oregano. Add 1/3 of spinach and 1 tablespoon water. As it cooks down, add remaining spinach, in batches; cook, stirring often, until tender and wilted.
3. Cut thin piece off tops of each potato. With teaspoon, scoop pulp from tops and inside potatoes into medium bowl, leaving a thin but sturdy potato shell. Mash potato in bowl with potato masher until fairly smooth. Add yogurt and mash until fluffy.
4. Add spinach mixture, ½ cup feta and salt and pepper to taste. Beat with wooden spoon until well-blended. Spoon into potato shells, mounding mixture. Place in baking pan with sides. Sprinkle tops with remaining ½ cup feta, pressing lightly into surface.
5. Bake 20 to 25 minutes, until heated and lightly browned. Serve hot.
6. Makes 4 servings.
This was the recipe that made me realize I had to write this article. During cold weather, when craving something really soothing and warm, I often make twice-baked potatoes for dinner, adding cheese and sour cream, plus whatever bits and pieces need using up. This recipe hits the category out of the potato field. Wow, is it good. By the way, canned chilies in adobo go a long way, so I keep them in the freezer, breaking off just what I need and thawing that.
4 8-ounce russet potatoes, scrubbed and pricked with fork in several places
1/2 cup sour cream
1 cup (4 ounces) cup shredded cheddar cheese
1 tablespoon finely chopped canned chipotle with some adobo sauce
2 scallions, finely chopped
1 teaspoon dried oregano
1 teaspoon kosher salt
1/2 teaspoon freshly ground black pepper
1. Preheat oven to 375 degrees with rack in upper third. Place potatoes on baking sheet and bake until tender, about 1 hour. Let stand about 20 minutes, until cool enough to handle. Increase oven temperature to 425 degrees.
2. Cut a piece off tops of potatoes. With teaspoon, scoop pulp from tops and inside potatoes into medium bowl, leaving about a ¼-inch potato shell. Mash potato in bowl with sour cream, cheddar, chipotle, scallions, oregano, salt and pepper. Fill shells with potato mixture, mounding it.
3. Place filled potatoes in baking dish with sides. Bake until stuffing is hot and browned in places, about 20 minutes. Serve.
4. Makes 4 servings.
Potato comfort food all baked in a skin.
4 large russet potatoes, scrubbed and pricked with fork in several places
— Canola or other neutral oil for rubbing skins
8 thick bacon slices, cut into 1/4-inch pieces
1 cup chopped red onion
2 teaspoons balsamic vinegar
¼ cup sour cream (I use Breakstone reduced-fat sour cream)
11/2 cups (6 ounces) shredded sharp white cheddar cheese, divided
1. Preheat oven to 425 degrees. Lightly rub potatoes with oil and place on oven rack. Bake about 1 hour, until soft when squeezed. Remove from oven and let stand about 20 minutes, until cool enough to handle.
2. Meanwhile, cook bacon in large, heavy skillet over medium heat, stirring often, until almost crisp, about 10 minutes. Spoon off all but 1 tablespoon drippings. Stir in red onion; cook and stir 2 minutes until tender. Add balsamic and let bubble 1 minute. Remove from heat.
3. Cut potatoes in half lengthwise. With teaspoon, scoop out pulp into medium bowl, leaving a thin but sturdy potato shell. Mash potato in bowl with potato masher until fairly smooth. Add sour cream and mash until fluffy.
4. Add bacon mixture and 1 cup cheddar; beat with wooden spoon until well-blended. Taste, adding salt if you like and plenty of freshly ground pepper. Spoon into potato shells, mounding mixture. Place in baking pan with sides. Sprinkle tops with remaining ½ cup cheddar.
5. Bake 20 to 25 minutes, until heated and lightly browned. Serve hot.
6. Makes 4 servings.
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After closing out a road trip with five straight losses, a near severe injury to their captain and making headlines for a CBA travel violation, the Flyers returned to practice on Monday and spoke about the road trip as a whole.
The common theme: no one is happy with the performances.
Continue reading "Quotable: Hextall, Berube sound off on Flyers struggles" »

subset: commoncrawl


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The Second Annual Bay State Catholic Conference Challenge took place Saturday at DeFazio Field in Needham. And, for the second season in a row, the Bay State Conference came out undefeated.
The 1 p.m. kickoffs had two intriguing matchup's with Bay State Carey Leaders Weymouth (6-1-2 overall) taking on Catholic Conference leaders St. John's Prep (5-1-2 overall), also the Defending D-1 State Champs Catholic Memorial (2-2-2 overall) matching up with the Braintree Wamps (3-2-4).
The first half hour between Weymouth and St. John's Prep saw little scoring chances, but that changed with 11:04 remaining in the first half when the Wildcats began to apply some serious pressure. Senior captain Zak Stuart worked his way to the end line and delivered a cross towards Akere Tambi, but St. John's goaltender Adam Collea was in a good position and punched the cross away from Tambi.
But Collea was helpless one minute later on a Wildcats corner, which wasn't headed away from danger. Weymouth junior TJ Butler volleyed the second ball straight into the side netting so sweetly that no keeper in the state would have saved it.
"It was pretty good, one of my top ones," Butler said of the goal after the match, "I felt like I got pretty lucky there, it just popped out and I put it in."
Butler had another strike moments later sail just over the bar. Weymouth took a 1-0 lead into the half.
The Eagles had their two best chances in the final 11 minutes of the game. The referee awarded an indirect free kick inside the penalty box to St. John's, which Deklan Robinson struck into Weymouth's wall. In stoppage time, Jake Gourdeau had a free header from the penalty spot, which sailed over the bar.
Weymouth won by the final of 1-0 improving to 7-1-2 while St. John's Prep fell to 5-2-2.
Catholic Memorial found themselves ahead after just two minutes thanks to Owen Carroll, who finished from just outside the six-yard box. Braintree tied the game up 11 minutes later off of a long throw in and the teams went into the half tied at one. And while CM had the run of play from the moment Braintree scored at was the Wamps who went in front for good with a half an hour to go after Rob Ross found Jared Rizzo streaking in and Rizzo finished low far post.
"We didn't start too well, but we finished well," Rizzo said. "I think we're starting to pick it up and will put a little run together."
There were three games at three o'clock, and on paper No. 10 Brookline verses BC High seemed like it would provide the most excitement. BC High got on the score sheet first when Yago Tome scored with 2:24 remaining in the first half sending the Eagles into the break with the one-goal edge.
Senior forward Pietro Gaudiano put the Warriors back on level terms with just 16:03 remaining in regulation, and for the second season in a row the two teams played to a 1-1 draw. The Warriors (now 5-1-3 overall) are on their worst run of the season with a loss and two draws in their last three games, while the draw was the fifth of the season for the Eagles who move to 1-1-5.
Newton North picked up their second win of the season over Malden Catholic (2-3-1), ending the Lancers two game winning streak. Sophomore Michael Kaye and junior Luke Westman were on target for the Tigers (2-4-3) in a game that head coach Roy Dow thinks is a big step forward for his team.
"I think this is our first game where we really played well for 80 minutes," Dow said.
And it was just the second clean sheet of the season for Newton North. "In the back we were winning everything, our guys have adopted the mentality if it's in the air coming to our back line to win it in the air, so that really helped us today."
Needham versus Xaverian rounded out the three o'clock contests with the Rockets picking up a 2-0 victory, thanks to goals from junior Quinton Pangier and sophomore Mac Steeves. It was the first goals of the season for both players, but for Steeves it was a long time coming after having three goals called back in 2010 by referees decisions.
Steeves is no stranger to scoring, having scored eight goals as a freshman. But he admits it was good to get off the mark this year.
"It actually felt really good, hoping to score a few more this season and pick up a few more wins," Steeves said.
The Rockets are 3-4-1 after the game while Xaverian is still in search of their first victory at 0-5-3.
The challenge moved from four games to five this season, and will become a regular fixture for all the teams involved.
"This tournament is going to go on from year to year, everyone seems to like it" Needham head coach Don Brock said. "We try to do this in the middle of the year to give it a tournament flavor and it's been well received so far."
The Bay State Conference leads the Catholic Conference in this particular challenge 7-0-2 which started in 2009.


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Concrete Support
CCA & Concreteworks
de Russell Baldon
This book documents the collaboration between California's College of the Arts Furniture Department and Concreteworks. The course, entitled Production 1, investigated the use of concrete and mold making as a means to create a line of production furniture.
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Sitios de Blurb


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|Reviews for A New Path to Follow - AotC AU
| Lillie-wan Kenobi chapter 28 . 7/20
Yay! I loved it!
| darklover chapter 28 . 6/25
You've done a fantastic job writing this story. I have really enjoyed it. This alternate career for Padme was great and I love how you inserted her into Anakin's life. Your plot set up and execution was superb.
The way you wrote Anakin reminded me so much of the prequels, yet I didn't feel it was as cheesy as the films for some reason. Perhaps, it was because I couldn't see Hayden or simply because I felt your writing wasn't quite as cheesy as GL. Anyway, I really enjoyed your characterization of all the characters.
You're an amazing writer! I hope in the sequel you address who was sabotaging the Jedi. Btw, I'm kinda disappointed you didn't go into detail about the wedding hehe.
| Eldar-Melda chapter 28 . 5/19/2013
Very good stories!
Anidala is such a wonderful pairing. I am so glad George Lucas created it. :)
Bye. :)
| TheAngelofIego chapter 28 . 4/10/2013
I had to read this all at once it was so great! I'm gonna go read the next one right now!
| legsandpatellaandstuff chapter 28 . 3/30/2013
This story was absolutely beautiful and deserves more reviews! I loved the moments between Padme and Anakin :3 They were oh so awesome.
Going to read the sequel now!
| Wane Soo-Jin chapter 28 . 3/17/2013
I love the sweet romance of your story.
I can't wait for the sequel !
| Kendra23 chapter 28 . 3/6/2013
Great story!
I just got back into reading Star Wars fanfiction and I absolutely loved this story! I like the different perspective that it bought, but also how Padme started out with this crush on Obi-Wan, which didn't last long when she was with Anakin.
I liked how Anakin was able to make his own arm/hand. I think that better suites the story, especially since he likes to "tinker" with things.
I also like how Padme wanted to spend almost her every waking moment with Anakin! That shows she not only cares, but it shows the love they have/had for one another! It's interesting because at first, Anakin was seeming as if he just wanted Padme for her body-and then one of the chapters was talking about Padme thinking of just a "fling" with Anakin-the interesting thing about that is in the next couple of chapters, Anakin was able to show that he's not just into the relationship for a simple fling. He thought about Padme everyday since he met her and he wanted his life to be with her. It's nice to see that he can tease her and make her laugh, but that he can also have those serious moments with her to let her know how much she means to him. Neither of them were afraid of getting hurt by the other, but they were afraid of how strong their feelings were for each other! They were afraid of losing the other and that scared them! They'd never been that intimate or passionate about anything or anyone else, and it scared them!
I like the little cliffhanger at the end of this story! I makes me excited for the next story, which I'm actually going to find out if it has been started yet or not (right after leaving this review)! I'm wondering how Padme will tell Anakin she's pregnant AND I'd like to know how Anakin will end up explaining this to the jedi counsel and what his consequences may be. I'm assuming with Padme's work, they're not going to think that she just got pregnant by someone random-especially since her and Anakin have been so close.
Anyway, great job on this story! I loved it!
| sexystarwarslover chapter 28 . 2/16/2013
WOW! WHAT AN AMAZING STORY! I cannt believe its over cause it was a thrilling read and what a ending, ending it on Padme finding out she's pregnant! *gasps* So happy Helkor went down, no one's going to try and take Padme down, she's the better doctor with a promotion in the end and a handsome Jedi husband, BRING ON THE SEQUEL I SAY!
| MoAngel chapter 28 . 2/13/2013
I loved this when it was originally posted. Looking forward to the sequel.
| angie chapter 28 . 2/13/2013
I just finished this, I read this on at the Jedi Council Forums, it was great to read it again! You really know how to capture the romance between Anakin and Padme, this is an amazing story! Padme as a doctor with the trial and Helkor going to prison was very suspenseful to read. I am looking forward to the sequel, and thanks for posting your stories here!
| Jedi Master Misty Sman-Esay chapter 28 . 2/13/2013
A great end to a wonderful story!
You show that you are talented and experienced.
| starwarsfan2296 chapter 28 . 2/13/2013
you are annoying! i hate it when you do cliff hangers!
| sexystarwarslover chapter 21 . 2/13/2013
OH MAN! after all the trial mess and Mace's injury, really thought there would have been happiness for Anakin and Padme, maybe she'll say yes soon. THIS STORY IS AMAZING! come on Padme, you can win this trial Hektor's lying
| Jedi Master Misty Sman-Esay chapter 26 . 2/12/2013
Anakin knowing how to dance is a nice touch. :)
The did seem to have a good evening. I hope that things go smoothly for them.
| Jedi Master Misty Sman-Esay chapter 25 . 2/11/2013
That was close for Padme.
Padme's argument about the clones shows how some feel about cloning. It seemed a little calluse to me but she was stating how she felt.
She did have a point that Jedi are few and take twentyish years to train ect ect ect.
Are you going to update your other fics?


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Label: trump-tight rec.,def jam digital ,slip n slide records,trump-factor records,roc-a-fella records,rapbay,urbanlife music,universal,fontana
Bio: Hi this is Jokers bio/ I was born in Kansas City Mo. 1980 Nov.2 I first start rapping at the age of 7 years old my style is comical rap I a have a College degree in art/Graphic design I own my own Record Label called Trump-Tight Rec. my album list is Mister Untouchable 1,2,3 my mixtape list ...See Full Bio
sebastian mikeal
Keyboard, ymcmb


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Written on: 12/07/2012
I was lead to believe I would be able to simply set up a site for my new business - I have had issue after issue and still do not have a site up and running. It looks really unprofessional as images either appear as a red cross or only half down load so that only half an image shows. I am so fed up with trying to get through to the support center as they take ages to reply and often give poor advice. I cant believe I wasted money on this - I would have been better off putting leaflets through doors to promote my business
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Our cultural approach to evidence has shifted over the years, writes curator Rachel Cook, from witnessing, first-hand testimony, and archival evidence to photographic images and, more recently, forensic DNA samples. We can think about Dean Moss's multimedia dance work johnbrown—about the noted white abolitionist—as a form of questioning evidence. More
Dean Moss's johnbrown will be performed October 15–17, 2015, in conjunction with the Givens Foundation's Resistance and Rebellion convening.
"YouTube speaks a tale of catness thoroughly at odds with feline history," writes curator Sasha Archibald. For her contribution to the book, Cat Is Art Spelled Wrong, she looks to art, literature, and pop culture to show how the cat's status as "cute icon extraordinaire" is recent, supplanting its early role as a symbol of "magical metamorphosis, potent danger, sexual provocation, and impervious autonomy." More
Cat Is Art Spelled Wrong launches October 3, 2015, with a panel discussion and book-signing.
A year to the day after Scaffold Room concluded its world premiere at the Walker, its creator, Ralph Lemon, returns for a "memory refraction" related to the work. A performance installation in the galleries, Scaffold Room fueled this conversation on curating performance between Lemon, Walker curator Philip Bither, and Sarah Michelson, whose work tournamento premiered Sept. 24 on the Walker stage. More
Ralph Lemon's Scaffold Room (memory refraction #1) will take place September 28, 2015, in conjunction with the New Circuits invitational curatorial convening.
As Gilles Deleuze put it, to exhaust is not to be tired; it is the will to begin again. In Pope.L's performances—which have found the artist crawling the streets of Manhattan in a black suit or consuming pages of the Wall Street Journal—the willingness to reformulate our experiences of subjectivity and collectivity is about exhausting limitations in order to know what indeed is possible. More
Pope.L speaks September 29, 2015 at the invitational curatorial convening, New Circuits: Curating Contemporary Performance.
More than 200 works have entered the Walker's collection during its 75th-anniversary year, through generous gifts, purchases out of Walker shows, and acquisitions made for the renovated Minneapolis Sculpture Garden. Standout examples include a work by Harlem Renaissance painter Beauford Delaney, installations by Danh Vo and Akram Zaatari, a Liz Larner sculpture, and a recent self-portrait by Chuck Close. More
Selections from the Walker collections can be viewed online or in the exhibition Art at the Center: Recent Acquisitions
"The question in all my old pieces is what's a dance, what could it be? Is making art a self-congratulatory, redundant practice, or if there's a real pursuit of the nature of the beast to ground level, knowing there is no ground?" Back at the Walker 10 years after performing Daylight (For Minneapolis), Sarah Michelson discusses her return to the theater after years of creating works for museums. More
Commissioned by the Walker, the world premiere of Sarah Michelson's tournamento takes place September 24–27, 2015.
Thirty years ago, a band of anonymous women artists in gorilla masks began raising hell about discrimination, sexism, and racism in the art world and beyond. In celebration of the activist art collective's anniversary, we present our favorite posters from the Girls' Compleat Portfolio, which will be exhibited during the just-announced Guerrilla Girls Twin Cities Takeover in early 2016. More
In conjunction with the Guerrilla Girls Twin Cities Takeover, the Guerrilla Girls' Compleat Portfolio will be view in Art at the Center: 75 Years of Walker Collections from January 21 to December 31, 2016.
"As an abstract painter, I work with things that I cannot see," says Jack Whitten. "Google has mapped the whole earth. We have maps of Mars. We don't have a map of the soul, and that intrigues me." Here the painter discusses Soul Map, a large-scale acrylic collage that will be unveiled in the exhibition Jack Whitten: Five Decades of Painting. More
Soul Map (2015) is featured in the exhibition Jack Whitten: Five Decades of Painting, on view September 13, 2015–January 24, 2016.
Conceptual photographer Hilla Becher—who, with husband Bernd, created typologic photos of water towers and other industrial architecture—has died at age 81. The duo influenced a generation of artists, including Thomas Ruff, Thomas Struth, and Andreas Gursky.
For photojournalists in conflict zones, body armor is a tool of the trade. But Minneapolis's Anthony Kwan will be tried in Thailand on weapons charges after a flak jacket and helmet were found in his luggage after covering the bombing of a Bangkok shrine.
Revealed Monday, Abraham Cruzvillegas's Turbine Hall installation at Tate Modern consists of 240 triangular planters filled with soil from 36 London sites. Left unplanted, the boxes may yield life, from bulbs already in the earth or from seed-bombing visitors.
"No one has ever harnessed my attention more fully and completely with the diabolical complexity and daring of her physical presence." Writer, curator, and dancer Lisa Kraus looks back on her time with choreographer Trisha Brown.
Sam Anderson on Alec Soth's Instagram "unselfies": "The unselfie documents and annihilates. What we most want to see, what the traditional selfie most wants to show, is absent—and so we are forced to look even harder."
Following the Walker's convening on curating performance, Creative Capital's Lisa Dent shares her list of 10 tips for performance artists working with museums—covering topics from audience diversity to performance documentation.
Two years after the legalization of gay marriage, queer couples are just as respectable as their straight counterparts. Joe Sinness's drawings are filled with nostalgic affection for the wilder days of gay culture, but he's too smart an artist to stop there. More
Camille Erickson takes a bird's-eye view on the recent Hand in Glove gathering, summing up the calls to action we might take away from the conversations arising in this emerging "common field." More
"As an abstract painter, I work with things that I cannot see," says Jack Whitten. "Google has mapped the whole earth. We have maps of Mars. We don't have a map of the soul, and that intrigues me." Here the painter discusses Soul Map… More
After beginning her career as a painter, Lynda Benglis began seeking a "more sensuous kind of surface." Her nine-piece work Adhesive Products (1971)—commissioned for the Walker Art Center's Edward Larabee Barnes–designed building—is… More
"There's no question, I had some attitude about the way I wanted to be perceived," said Chuck Close in discussing his Big Self-Portrait (1967–1968) at the Walker in 1980. "Now it seems very funny… More
Avant Garden, the Walker's celebrated gala event, moves indoors for a one-of-a-kind party experience on Saturday, September 12, 2015. Proceeds from Avant Garden support the Walker's award-winning artistic and educational programming. More
For 50 years, Jack Whitten has explored the possibilities of paint, the role of the artist, and the allure of material essence in his innovative studio process. With compositions that are abstract and elegiac, Whitten foregrounds… More
Join artist Jack Whitten and art historian Richard Shiff for a wide-ranging discussion about the artist's decades-long commitment to the medium of painting. Shiff, a renowned scholar and professor at the University of Texas at… More
Six artists have each been commissioned to create a new work that will premiere online. These works respond to the inspirations, inquiry, and influence of three key artists in the Walker's Ruben/Bentson Moving Image Collection: Derek Jarman, Bruce Conner, and Marcel Broodthaers.
An editorial supplement to Superscript: Arts Journalism and Criticism in a Digital Age, an international conference held at the Walker Art Center May 28–30, 2015.
A series of commissioned opinion pieces featuring provocative reactions to the headlines by artists Ron Athey, Ana Tijoux, Dread Scott, and others.
In celebration of the Walker's 75th anniversary, Martin Friedman—Walker director from 1961 to 1990—shares his reflections on encountering artists from Duchamp to Cage.
about 3 hours ago
With the Walker's International Pop now on view at the Dallas Museum of Art we revisit this discussion on the role of the traveling mass-produced image during the 20th century. More
For nearly fifty years, Design Quarterly chronicled the changing terrains of architecture, urban planning, and design. Here's a selection of our favorite issues, featuring the likes of Muriel Cooper, Martin Filler, and Armin Hofmann. More
A ghostly image of T.B. Walker on the grand staircase of the 1927 Walker Galleries reminds us that before the brick-and-aluminum facility we know today there was another home for the Walker. More


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Feb 13, 1996
|Filing date
|Dec 23, 1993
|Priority date
|Dec 23, 1993
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Neal S. Bergano
|Original Assignee
|At&T Corp.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (56), Classifications (11), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The invention relates to the optical transmission of information. More particularly, this invention relates to improving transmission capabilities over optical fiber transmission paths.
Very long optical fiber transmission paths, such as those employed in undersea or transcontinental terrestrial lightwave transmission systems which employ optical amplifier repeaters, are subject to decreased performance due to signal fading and/or fluctuations in the signal-to-noise ratio ("SNR") which are primarily caused by polarization dependent effects. In addition, these lightwave transmission systems are susceptible to degraded performance caused by nonlinearities in the optical transmission fibers.
In a long lightwave transmission system employing amplifiers, the SNR can fluctuate in a random manner. This fluctuation contributes to a phenomenon known as signal fading. Signal fading results in an increased bit error ratio ("BER") for digital signals carried by the transmission system. When the SNR of a digital signal within such a lightwave transmission system becomes unacceptably small which results in an undesirable high BER, a signal fade is said to have occurred. Experimental evidence has shown that signal fading, and the underlying SNR fluctuations, are caused by a number of polarization dependent effects induced by the optical fiber itself and other optical components (e.g., repeaters, amplifiers, etc.) along the long optical fiber transmission path. In particular, polarization dependent BER over long optical fiber transmission paths can be attributed to polarization dependent loss ("PDL"), polarization dependent gain ("PDG"), polarization mode dispersion ("PMD"), and polarization dependent hole-burning ("PDHB"). All of these effects impact signal transmission as a function of the particular state of polarization ("SOP") of an optical signal being propagated along the long optical fiber transmission path.
Fiber nonlinearities can degrade SNR by enhancing optical noise, or by causing distortion in the transmitted optical waveform. These nonlinear interactions increase as a function of the optical power level, and are dependent upon the relative SOP between the signals and the noise. If optical fibers offered a truly linear transmission medium, system performance, as measured by SNR, would improve as optical power was increased. However, the slight nonlinearity of optical fibers places an upper bound upon the level of optical power that can be transmitted thereby limiting the performance of any transmission system employing the fibers.
A prior solution to the problem of SNR fading is to simultaneously launch two signals of different wavelengths and substantially orthogonal relative polarizations into the same transmission path. Since the two signals are launched with equal power and orthogonal SOPs, the overall transmitted signal is essentially unpolarized. This has the advantage of reducing the deleterious effects of the transmission fiber's nonlinear signal/noise interactions, and signal decay caused by PDHB. The average SNR performance improvement with such a transmitter can be substantial, however, such a system is still subject to fading. For example, PMD can alter the orthogonality condition of the two waves, thus re-polarizing the signal. It is well known that the effects of PMD also vary with time. Thus, even the two wavelength source would be subject to SNR fading.
Another approach to reduce SNR fading is to control the launch polarization of a conventional single wavelength transmitter. This has been effective in repeaterless transmission arrangements where signal degradation is primariliy due to PMD. However, adjusting the polarization of a single wavelength at the transmitter only changes the launch state of the signal, and does not take into account the evolution of the axes of polarization of the signal as it propagates along the transmission system. Therefore, single wavelength transmitters cannot facilitate recovery from all SNR fading conditions. In addition, such single-wavelength transmitters cannot reduce performance limitations due to fiber nonlinearities.
The problems relating to SNR fading over long optical transmission paths are overcome, in accordance with the principles of the invention, by dynamically controlling an optical signal source providing two signal components each with different wavelengths, where the parameters to be controlled include the wavelengths of the two signal components, the relative and absolute SOPs of the two signal components, and the relative delays between the data patterns carried by the two signal components so that the polarization of each of the two signal components is continuously reoptimized in the presence of PDL, PMD, PDHB, and fiber nonlinearities.
In one illustrative embodiment of the invention, a dual-wavelength data transmitter has controls to adjust the polarization of the two signal components, and delay between the data patterns carried by the components. These transmitter parameters are controlled based on a measure of the end-to-end performance, such as SNR, that is measured at the receiver end. A representation of SNR is transmitted back to the transmitter on a telemetry path.
The discussion in this Summary and the following Brief Description of the Drawings, Detailed Description, and drawings merely represents examples of this invention and is not to be considered in any way a limitation on the scope of the exclusionary rights conferred by a patent which may issue from this application. The scope of such exclusionary rights is set forth in the claims at the end of this application.
FIG. 1 is a simplified block diagram of an example of a controllable dual-wavelength transmitter, in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 2 is an example of a transmission system architecture including a transmitter, receiver, transmission path, and telemetry path, in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 3 schematically shows an example of a dithering technique using the unit Poincare sphere at a starting state of polarization of a signal;
FIG. 4 schematically shows an example of a dithering technique using the unit Poincare sphere at an adjusted state of polarization of a signal;
FIG. 5 is a simplified block diagram of another illustrative arrangement, in accordance with the invention, using a single, polarization independent, data modulator;
FIG. 6 is a simplified block diagram of another illustrative arrangement, in accordance with the invention, using a polarization dependent data modulator.
FIG. 1 is a simplified block diagram of an example of a controllable dual-wavelength transmitter, in accordance with the invention. The arrangement includes a data source 101, with a variable delay 102 on one of the paths to optical modulators 105 and 106, wavelength tunable lasers 103 and 104, polarization controllers ("PCs") 107, 108, and 110, optical coupler 109, and output fiber 111.
Laser 103 produces a continuous wave ("CW") optical signal having a wavelength λ1 and power level of P1. Laser 104 produces a CW optical signal having a wavelength λ2 and power level of P2. If P1 and P2 are equal, and λ1 and λ2 have orthogonal orientations, then a signal combined from λ1 and λ2 would be unpolarized which would would tend to reduce the deleterious effects of nonlinearity and PDHB in the transmission fiber. However, it will be appreciated by those with skill in the an that P1 and P2 do not necessarily need to be equal in this embodiment of the invention because the polarization of each signal λ1 and λ2 is independently and dynamically controlled as discussed below.
Via separate optical fibers, the output of laser 103 is routed to modulator 105, and the output of laser 104 is routed to modulator 106. In some applications, it may be desirable that lasers 103 and 104 be wavelength tunable semiconductor lasers which are well known in the art. The laser output is modulated by modulators 105 and 106 with the same data waveform provided by data source 101. Modulators 105 and 106 can be one of several types that are well known in the art. For example, it may be advantageous in some applications to use the polarization independent type of modulator described by M. Suzuki, H. Tanaka, Y. Matsushima, "InGaAsP Electroabsorption Modulator for High-Bit Rate EDFA System," IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, Vol. 4, No. 6, June 1992. Alternatively, the modulator could be a single polarization modulator, of the Mach-Zehnder type described by S. K. Korotky, J. J. Veselka, et al., "High-Speed, Low-Power Optical Modulator with Adjustable Chirp Parameter," 1991 Integrated Photonics Research Conference, Monterey, Calif.
The outputs of modulators 105 and 106 are routed to PCs 107 and 108. PCs 107 and 108 may be, for example, the Lefevre-type polarization controllers which are well-known in the art. Such controllers are described by H. C. Lefevre in IEEE Electronics Letters, Vol. 16, p. 778, 1980. After emerging from the two polarization controllers, the λ1 and λ2 signals are combined onto the same fiber via optical coupler 109. A final polarization controller 110 adjusts the SOP of the combined λ1 and λ2 signal. The modulated combined signal is routed to a remote receiver via long-haul optical fiber 111.
As stated above, modulators 105 and 106 modulate wavelengths λ1 and λ2, respectively, with the same data waveform from data source 101. The electrical and optical path lengths are arranged such that the average delays from data source 101 to the output of coupler 109 are the same, so that the data signals modulated on λ1 and λ2 are coincident. Variable time delay 102 is used to make small adjustments in the relative phases of the data on λ1 and λ2. Those with skill in the art will appreciate that these adjustments may be advantageously used to correct for PMD and chromatic dispersion in the transmission fiber.
The wavelengths of lasers 103 and 104 are adjusted to optimize end-to-end performance of a long optical transmission path. Changes to the wavelengths alter the evolution of the polarization of the signal as it propagates down the length of the long optical transmission path which advantageously allows for recovery from an SNR fade.
PCs 107 and 108 adjust the relative SOPs of λ1 and λ2, and are used to reoptimize the SOPs of the two signal components, which can be altered by the PMD in the transmission fiber. Finally, PC 110 adjusts both λ1 and λ2 together to optimize the end-to-end SNR of the transmission system.
FIG. 2 is an example of a transmission system architecture including a transmitter, receiver, transmission path, and telemetry path in accordance with the invention. Shown are transmitter 201, embodying the characteristics of the dual wavelength transmitter described in FIG. 1, transmission medium 202, and telemetry path 204 which connects receiver 203 to transmitter 201 to feedback the SNR of the received signal. Transmission medium 202, for purposes of this example, but not as a limitation on the invention, is a chain of optical amplifiers and single-mode optical fiber. These elements are well known in the art.
Transmitter 201 produces a modulated signal having two component wavelengths, as described above. The modulated signal passes through transmission medium 202 and then into receiver 203. Receiver 203 converts the optical signal emerging from the transmission medium 202 to an electrical signal, and regenerates the data. At the receiver, the SNR is measured as an indication of transmission performance. This SNR value may, for example, be the electrical SNR at the input to the regenerator's decision circuit known as the Q-factor. The SNR value is sent back to logic element 205 end via telemetry path 204. It will appreciated by those skilled in the art that it may be desirable, in some applications, for telemetry path 204 to be part of the same transmission system, such as overhead bits in a SONET frame, or an order-wire channel, or be transmitted on a different channel, such as a separate phone line.
The SNR value is received and processed by logic element 205 which controls the adjustable parameters of transmitter 201 to maximize the received SNR, and thus minimize the BER of the received signal. The control algorithm used by logic element 205 may, for example, be a simple cause and effect scheme which sequentially controls the wavelength difference Δλ, the average wavelength λ=(λ1 +λ2)/2, the delay between waveforms Δτ, the relative SOP between λ1 and λ2, and the absolute SOP of λ1 and λ2. The control of scalar parameters Δλ, λ, and Δτ, are accomplished with a dithering technique where each scalar parameter is varied in a positive and then negative amount around the starting point, and the resulting SNR is measured. The final position for the parameter is the one which gives maximum SNR performance.
As will be appreciated by those with skill in the art, the dithering technique must take into account two degrees of freedom since the SOP of a signal is a vector quantity. FIGS. 3 and 4 schematically show an example of a dithering technique using the unit Poincare sphere 301 which is well known to those with skill in the art. In FIG. 3, the starting SOP is represented by vector 302. The dither trajectory 303 is drawn around the starting SOP as a circle on the Poincare sphere, with the endpoint of vector 302 as its center. The polarization controller is adjusted such that the SOP precesses about the circular dither trajectory. At a predetermined number of equidistant points from dither trajectory 303, the SNR of the received signal is measured. The initial condition vector 302 is then replaced with vector 404, as shown in FIG. 4, which represents the SOP on the dither trajectory 303 resulting in the best SNR. A new circular dither trajectory 405 is then drawn using the endpoint of vector 404 as its center, and the process above is repeated.
FIG. 5 shows another illustrative arrangment of elements, in accordance with the invention, using a single, polarization-independent, dam modulator. This arrangement is similar to the one shown in FIG. 1 with the exception of the adjustment of the relative delay between data signals, Δτ. This arrangement includes wavelength tunable lasers 501 and 502, PCs 503,504, and 508, 3 dB optical coupler 505, optical modulator 506, and output fiber 509. Laser 501 produces a CW optical signal having a wavelength λ1. Laser 502 produces a CW optical signal having a wavelength λ2. As with the illustrative arrangement of FIG. 1, the λ1 and λ2 signals may have equal or unequal powers. Lasers 501 and 502 may be wavelength tunable semiconductor lasers, which are well known in the art. The wavelength of the λ1 signal is set by laser control signal 510, and the wavelength of the λ2 signal is set by control signal 511.
Via separate optical fibers, the output of laser 501 is routed to PC 503, and the output of laser 502 is routed to PC 504. PC 503 and 504 are, for purposes of this example only, Lefevre-type polarization controllers.
Each of the optical signals is then fed to optical coupler 505 via separate optical fibers. Optical coupler 505 serves to combine the λ1 and λ2 signals onto single optical fiber 507. The combined signal is then modulated by optical modulator 506 so that both the λ1 and λ2 components carry the same data. The modulated combined signal passes through polarization controller 508 and is then routed to a remote receiver via long-haul optical fiber 509.
The active controls for the transmitter in this illustrative arrangement operate in a similar fashion to those associated with the transmitter shown in FIG. 1. The relative SOP is adjusted by polarization controllers 503 and 504. The absolute SOP of both wavelengths are adjusted by polarization controller 508.
FIG. 6 shows another illustrative arrangement of elements, in accordance with the invention, using a single, polarization-dependent, optical modulator. This arrangement includes tunable lasers 601 and 602, PCs 603,604, 605, 609, and 611, all of which are Lefevre-type polarization controllers for purposes of this example, optical coupler 606, single, polarization-dependent, optical modulator 607, and high-birefringence fibers 608 and 610. Laser 601 produces a CW optical signal having a wavelength of λ1, and laser 602 produces a CW optical signal having a wavelength of λ2. The power levels of λ1 and λ2 may or may not be equal.
The output of laser 601 is routed to PC 603, and the output of laser 602 is routed to PC 604. The PCs are adjusted to align the SOP of the λ1 optical signal, and the SOP of the λ2 optical signal with the modulation axis of single-polarization optical modulator 607.
The aligned optical signals output by PCs 603 and 604 are then fed to optical coupler 606, which combines them onto a single optical fiber. This combined signal is output upon optical fiber 615. The combined signal is then modulated by polarization-dependent optical modulator 607 so that both the λ1 and λ2 components carry the same dam. The modulated signal output by polarization-dependent optical modulator 607 is then routed through PC 605, which can adjust the launch SOPs of the λ1 and λ2 components into the first high birefringence fiber 608. The signal is then routed though PC 609, and then the second high birefringence fiber 610. Finally, the signal goes through PC 611, and then long transmission fiber 612.
The high birefringence fibers 608 and 610 are conventional polarization maintaining fiber such as the SM.15-P-8/125-UV/UV-400 fiber available from Fujikara, Ltd. of Tokyo, Japan. High birefringence fibers are chosen to have a PMD characteristic (i.e., Δτ) which functions to realign the SOPs of λ1 and λ2 components of the combined signal so that they can be different SOPs with respect to one another. The two high birefringence fibers 608 and 610 are connected via PC 609, which accommodates the wavelength tuneability of the two lasers. With this arrangement, the birefringences in high birefringence fibers 608 and 610 can either add, or subtract, according to the setting of PC 609. The amount of PMD required to insure that the λ1 and λ2 components can exit the PMFs with orthogonal SOPs is computed as follows: ##EQU1## where Δτ is the total PMD in both high birefringence fibers 608 and 610, λ0 is the mean wavelength equal to (λ1 +λ2)/2, c is the speed of light, and λmin is the smallest wavelength spacing expected. For example, if λ0 is 1558 nm and λmin is 0.1 nm, then the total PMD Δτ is approximately 40 psec, which would be equally divided with 20 psec in fiber 508, and 20 psec in fiber 510.
In this illustrative embodiment, the wavelength of source 601, λ1, is adjusted by wavelength control 613 and the wavelength of 602 ,λ2, is adjusted by control 614. The relative SOP between λ1 and λ2 is adjusted by PCs 605 and 609, and the combined SOP is adjusted by PC 611.
The above-described invention provides a technique for reducing signal fading over optical transmission paths. It will be understood that the particular methods described are only illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and that various modifications could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which is limited only by the claims that follow. For example, it may be desirable in some applications to control the relative power difference between P1 and P2.
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|U.S. Classification
|398/185, 398/152, 398/147, 398/192
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Dec 23, 1993
Owner name: AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, NEW YORK
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BERGANO, NEAL S.;REEL/FRAME:006848/0515
Effective date: 19931223
|Jun 7, 1995
Owner name: AT&T CORP., NEW YORK
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:AMERICAN TELELPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:007527/0274
Effective date: 19940420
Owner name: AT&T IPM CORP., FLORIDA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:AT&T CORP.;REEL/FRAME:007528/0038
Effective date: 19950523
|Aug 2, 1999
|Fee payment
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|Jul 21, 2003
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Aug 13, 2007
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


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H.R.4780Referred to the House Committee Dec 18, 2007 (110th congress) 36 Views
To enact title 51, United States Code, "National and Commercial Space Programs", as positive law.
H.R.4539 - Department of Veterans Affairs Loan Guaranty Cost Reduction Act of 2007Subcommittee Hearings Held Apr 16, 2008 (110th congress) 1 Views
To amend title 38, United States Code, to make certain improvements to the housing loan benefit program of the Department of Veterans Affairs.
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To direct the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration to issue motor vehicle safety standards for motorcoaches, and to amend the Intern...
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To amend section 435(o) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 regarding the definition of economic hardship.
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Live updates: Israeli-Palestinian violence
Inside the hidden world of hostage taking
22 Jul 2012 19:36 GMT | Politics, Europe, US & Canada, Denmark, Norway
Norwegians are marking the first anniversary of twin attacks that killed 77 people, the worst atrocity carried out in the country since World War II.
Commemorative events are taking place across the country on Sunday, a year after 33-year-old Anders Behring Breivik set off a bomb near a government building in Oslo and then went on a shooting rampage on nearby Utoeya Island.
Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg laid a wreath in Oslo before joining hundreds of people in Utoeya, including the families of those who were killed.
"The killer failed; the people have won," said Stoltenberg.
"The bomb and bullets were aimed at changing Norway. The Norwegian people responded by embracing our values. Let us honour the dead by being happy about the life they had, and the life we share."
Stoltenberg was speaking to around 1,000 members of the league, the youth section of the party, several of whom were survivors of last year's assault. The audience bowed their heads as he spoke.
"Even now, after a year has passed, it is impossible to fully comprehend the extent of the fear and suffering..." on the island last year, he said.
"This makes all that has happened since then even more impressive."
Minute of silence
Speaking on Utoeya island, he said young people had refused to accept that anyone should die because of their beliefs and had responded to the attacks by becoming more politically active.
Norway's Prime Minister reflects on massacre one year on
The island ceremony began with a minute of silence and two songs sung by survivor Renate Taarnes, who saw her boyfriend killed.
"Even though we carry a heavy burden, we are still standing," said Eskil Pedersen, leader of the party's youth wing, who himself escaped the gunman's bullet at the start of the massacre.
"He took some of our loveliest roses, but he could not stop the springtime."
Breivik, on July 22, 2011, killed 69 people on the island, where the ruling Labour Party's youth wing was hosting a summer camp. Eight people were killed in the blast in the capital earlier that day.
Religious services and commemorative gatherings will also be held from the very south of the country to the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard, about 1,100km from the North Pole.
'More openness and humanity'
Stoltenberg, who made a deep impression shortly after the massacre with his vow that Norway's response to the bloodbath would be "more democracy, more openness and more humanity, but never naivety," will be present at many of the events.
The Labour Party leader, along with Norway's king and queen, took part in a service at the city's cathedral, which in the weeks after the attacks was surrounded by an ocean of roses left by mourners.
The Labour prime minister in neighbouring Denmark, Helle Thorning-Schmidt, was also scheduled to speak on Utoeya, while US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton delivered a message of sympathy to the Norwegian people for this "enormous tragedy".
Labour Party leader Pedersen last week hailed Norway's reaction to the tragedy.
"There are... a few things that have developed in the right direction," he told the NTB news agency, saying he was especially pleased that political youth groups had seen their membership numbers soar.
"We have more democracy now because more people are participating," he said.
Breivik, whose 10-week trial ended last month, is meanwhile awaiting his verdict.
While there is no doubt he carried out the attacks, the five Oslo court judges must decide if he should be considered criminally sane and sentenced to prison, as requested by his defence, or instead follow the prosecution's line and send him to a closed psychiatric ward.
The verdict should be announced on August 24.
Source: Al Jazeera And Agencies
As country marks anniversary of horrific day, Norwegians say they do not want to be defined by incident.
Europe, Norway
Breivik apologises to one victim and explains action as "minor barbarity to prevent larger one" of multiculturalism.
Politics, Europe, Norway
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MH17, War & Conflict, Ukraine
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Israeli–Palestinian conflict, Israel, Middle East
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War & Conflict, Africa, Nigeria
Battling media narratives in Russian and US bombing campaigns; plus, the conundrum of covering India-Pakistan relations.
Media, Middle East, Syria
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War & Conflict, Afghanistan, Taliban
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Australia, Asia, Law


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What gives SBUX its edge over competition?
Savvy shoppers know how to get good deals
Join the NASDAQ Community today and get free, instant access to portfolios, stock ratings, real-time alerts, and more!
When the market hit new lows in March, it was understandably
hard for investors to pull the trigger. They knew they'd be buying
into an investment landscape rife with risk.
Hindsight is 20/20. Just six months later, investors can see the
returns they might have captured had they taken the plunge. The
S&P 500 has rebounded +57.4% since early March. In fact, a slew
of sectors and markets have had +50%-plus gains since then.
The table below shows just a sample of gains offered up by the
Security (Ticker)
AgricultureiPath DJ AIG Agriculture Total Return Fund (
OiliPath S&P GSCI Crude Oil (
CopperiPath DJ AIG Copper (
Real EstateiShares DJ US Real Estate (
Emerging MarketsiShares MSCI Emerging Markets
SteelMarket Vectors Steel (
For many, it seems like a missed opportunity. So many sectors have
come so far, so fast. It's hard to imagine they have much run left
in them.
But it's not too late. There is still one sector left to
Agriculture prices haven't rebounded like the prices of other
commodities. In fact, the performance of the Dow Jones AIG
Agriculture Index has lagged the S&P's gains by more than half.
Better yet, fertilizer prices are only now reaching their lows.
When crop prices fell and credit tightened, farmers cut back on
fertilizer purchases. Wholesalers, in turn, cut back on their
inventories. Even when fertilizer prices started to fall, buyers
still stalled, hoping to catch a better deal. Exports of the
fertilizer potash were down -72% in the first half of the year.
But the fertilizer stalemate is about to end.
The effects of continued under-application of fertilizer is
already starting to reverberate throughout the world -- especially
in China. China is traditionally a large potash importer. But like
everyone else, China curtailed their fertilizer imports during the
past six to nine months.
Crop yields in China have been suffering due to insufficient
fertilizer use and domestic prices for grains and vegetables have
risen. What's more, China's economy is not in recession; its GDP
grew at an enviable +8.9% last quarter. This fast-growing economy
is creating an even larger demand for food.
Crop prices are rising. There is pent up demand for fertilizer.
Together, these trends should boost the agriculture sector into
rebound territory. There are a number of ways investors can catch
the bounce.
One way to capture the gains from rising crop prices is by
investing in an ETF that tracks the Dow Jones AIG Agriculture
Index. For instance, the
iPath DJ AIG Agriculture Total Return Sub-Index Fund (
tracks the futures contracts of seven agriculture commodities:
soybeans, corn, wheat, cotton, soybean oil, coffee and sugar.
Agrium (
is a direct fertilizer play. The Canadian fertilizer company just
issued an earnings warning, saying its third-quarter profits could
be 90-95% below last year's same-period earnings. Personally, I
like buying after a company has lowered expectations -- especially
when I feel there is more upside than downside.
Another avenue is investing in a company like
Syngenta AG (
. This Swiss company develops high-yielding, disease-resistant
seeds and also markets herbicides.
While agriculture has missed much of the rally, it now appears to
be poised to catch up. And there is no shortage of ways for
investors follow along for what could be this market's final
rebound play.
Amy Calistri
Editor: Stock of the Month
P.S. There's one diversified agriculture play that I especially
like. I profiled it just a couple of months ago in my Stock of the
Month newsletter. It's already up +5.6%, but I'm convinced it's
going to be another one of my double-digit gainers. If you'd like
to learn more about this investment, and my Stock of the Month
newsletter, click here.
Disclosure: Amy Calistri does not own shares of any security
mentioned in this article.
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Performing oral sex on a women in an enthusiastic singsong manner.
A juicy "Fajita Karakoe" session provides much enjoyment for men and women.
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UPDATE March 2015
Steve lost the first trial in February 2014 with a decision against him which we believe is biased and contains legal and factual errors.
Steve then lodged an appeal which was heard before three judges in the Western Australian Supreme Court on the 23, 24 and 25 of March 2015.
Steve appealed the trial decision and the costs order against him. The trial decision was appealed on the 23 & 24 of March. The decision is reserved and is expected before the end of 2015.
For the costs order, the appeals judges unanimously found in favour of Steve Marsh and ordered the GM farmer to disclose who had paid his legal bills within 14 days. Subsequently Monsanto issued a press release disclosing that they had contributed to the GM farmers legal bills. This has implications for whether Steve will ultimately be liable to pay for the GM farmers costs if he loses the trial appeal. The appeal judges also ordered a stay on costs. This means that Steve does not have to come up with $804,000 to pay for the costs order against him for the original trial pending the outcome of the appeal. We are all sitting fingers crossed waiting to see what happens. It Steve wins the appeal then the costs order will be reversed and the GM farmer will have to pay Steve's costs and damages!
We are still fund raising urgently to support Steve in the costs required to pay for the appeal. Not all the bills are in and we are still short of funds. Please consider making a donation. This campaign would not be where it is today without your support: Thank you so much for being a part of the #IamSteveMarsh movement!
UPDATE 28 May 2014
On Wednesday 28 May the judgment came down in Steve Marsh's landmark case against his GM canola growing neighbour. We are very disappointed to report that Steve lost the case. You can read the Safe Food Foundation press release here.
Steve is considering his legal options and we will report back if he decides to appeal the decision.
In the meantime the Safe Food Foundation is continuing to fundraise to pay back loans taken out to fund the case. We are nearly there. If you have not done so recently please make a donation so that we are in the strongest position to assist Steve whichever way he decides to go.
You might not have heard of Steve Marsh yet but this man could lose everything to protect your right to eat GM-free food. Steve is an organic farmer from a farming community South of Perth in Kojonup, Western Australia. In 2010, the state government of Western Australia lifted the ban on GM canola, allowing for the commercial cultivation of this GM crop for the first time. As a result many farmers, including Marsh's next door neighbour, began growing GM canola. Subsequently, Steve found GM canola plants spread over much of his farm, containing seed. 70% of Steve's farm was contaminated and he lost his organic certification.
Please have a look at our short video above explaining his story and join us in supporting Steve to protect the future of GM-free food. If you would like to know more, the full version of the video is also available here.
This contamination has had a dramatic impact on Steve and his livelihood, while Monsanto, because of their no liability agreement signed with each GM farmer, are free of any responsibility yet gain all the profit. Instead of accepting this biotech invasion, Steve has decided to take a stand. As the only avenue available, Steve is taking his neighbour to court for compensation of loss and damages.This case is the first of its kind in Australia, where an organic farmer is proactively seeking compensation from a GM farmer when his rights have been violated by GM contamination. This is something that Steve does not want to do but he has no other option if he wants to stand up for his rights as well as ours. Respected food journalist for the Sydney Morning Herald, John Newton, says "Steve Marsh is a hero".
"Steve Marsh is one person, but Steve Marsh is everyone" – Costa Georgiadis #IamSteveMarsh
The labelling system in Australia and New Zealand is full of loop holes and often the only way to be certain that a food is GM-free is to buy organic. When Steve took his issue to the Agricultural Minister at the time, Terry Redman, he was told that the organic standards are to blame for his loss! The organic standards are at threat, farmer's rights are not protected and ultimately, our choices are at threat.
If the court decides that it is 'unreasonable' for the organic industry to have a zero tolerance for GMO's, the result is that in Australia you will have no right to eat GM-free products and no way to guarantee that products grown in Australia are GM-free. The cost to purchase and trade in GM-free products will skyrocket if non-GM farmers have to pay the cost of contamination. And eventually, GM-free crops may be eradicated due to contamination in the long-term!
Steve is standing up for what he believes in but he cannot do it alone that is why the Safe Food Foundation is coordinating to fund raise towards Steve's legal costs to ensure that Steve has his chance to go to court and win for every one of us. We are running a high profile campaign to increase public awareness about the threat of GM to non-GM and organic farming, to highlight the risks of GMO and other potentially unsafe agricultural practices, both in Australia and worldwide.
The international law firm of Slater & Gordon has taken on the case under their public interest policy but there are still many other costs necessary for barristers, court costs and expert witnesses and this is expected to be hundreds of thousands of dollars. The cost is usually a major deterrent to people from taking issues like this to court, especially when the issue has attributed to a considerable loss for the persons involved.
If you believe farmers should have the right to produce GM-free food which ultimately equals your right to eat it, if you believe the GM-free farmer should not be the one responsible to pay the cost of contamination, please support Steve and make a donation now!


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Good morning/afternoon/evening guys n gals! I hope I find you all well.
Thought it would be time to post a small update on whats been going on.
Well, as for the training for my new role I'm about to start my 3rd week on general training and I feel it's going well. I've had a small taste of what I'll be doing on a daily basis and I hope to get more soon. Then on to full training after that. Well I hope anyway XD
I've managed to get a little bit of painting done since my last post but not much. I need to get out and buy some new paint brushes, which I'll be doing today. So I hope to get a lot more done soon, but with a busy week away training and then I'm away at my sisters. We're going to a place called Wollaton Hall for a food and drink festival. It's actually the place they filmed Wayne Manor for The Dark Knight Rises, which is kinda cool.
So, all in all. Training not so bad, getting ideas of the new role, hoping to be painting soon and off to try to become Batman.


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jamesj95 Photographer
ann martinModel Female Livingston, New Jersey, US My MM URL: http://www.modelmayhem.com/anniemartino
Mayhem # 2466967
About MeI had the opportunity of performing in the IMTA showcase through Tomorrow's Talent agency. Since then I have not done any kind of work, but I'm dedicated to everything I do and can promise a great working relationship! If I don't respond please don't be offended because I don't always check my messages on here.
jamesj95 Photographer
Sergio Castillo Photographer
Pastele Model
Rich Drinkard Photographer
William Steel Photographer
mataram Clothing Designer
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Select Local Merchants
StarbucksRead MoreFor the best pick-me-up in town, grab a cup of java at Starbucks. Whether you are looking for food low in fat or gluten-free, this restaurant is the place you want to eat. Warm weather, delectable dishes, and an awesome atmosphere make for a dream night out at Starbucks. Have a large group? No problem. Head to Starbucks for easy seating. Bring your laptop here and tap into the complimentary wifi. Drift away from stuffy dress-code conventions and dine in comfort at Starbucks. null Prices at Starbucks are a bargain (usually less than $15 for a meal), so you'll have plenty of cash left over to treat a friend (or two).629 Blanding BlvdOrange Park, FL US
StarbucksRead MoreJonesing for a cup of your favorite java? Starbucks' got you covered. Treat yourself to a healthy lunch or dinner at Starbucks. Wanna soak up the sun? Come grab a bite at Starbucks and sit out on their gorgeous patio. Wifi access is totally free at Starbucks, perfect for catching up on the news, hopping on social media, or even working. Fed up with difficult parking? At Starbucks, you will find easy nearby parking and good eats. Starbucks provides ample space for bikers to store their bikes. So start your day off on the right foot with a tasty cup of coffee from the highly-rated Starbucks.1544 County Road 220Orange Park, FL US
Maggie Moo's Ice CreamRead MoreFor a tasty treat, head out for a few scoops on an ice cream cone at Maggie Moo's Ice Cream. Maggie Moo's Ice Cream combines great flavors with healthy ingredients for dishes that not just taste good but make you feel good too. Drivers will love the easy parking options just steps away from Maggie Moo's Ice Cream. Everyone will scream for the ice cream at Maggie Moo's Ice Cream. Head there tonight for quite the treat!1560 Business Center DrOrange Park, FL US
Planet SmoothieRead MoreReady to sip on something fresh and delicious? You can't beat the smoothies at Orange Park's Planet Smoothie for a quick hit of energy. Health nuts will be pleased with the menu at Planet Smoothie, which includes a number of fresh, nutritious items. Don't fuss with street parking. We've got some parking available. A refreshing smoothie from Planet Smoothie is just what you'll need tomorrow for a midday snack.2245 Plantation Center DrOrange Park, FL US
MaggieMoo's Ice Cream and TreateryRead MoreThe friendly staff at MaggieMoo's Ice Cream and Treatery churns dozens of creamy flavors fresh each day before enhancing frozen creations with inventive mix-ins and toppings. They power through shivers to fold nuts, candy, and fruit into ice-cream varieties such as chocolate banana, and sprinkle sugary toppings over ice-cream pizzas, one of MaggieMoo's signature creations. Aside from other avant-garde dessert offerings—which include ice-cream cupcakes—the staff slings frozen favorites including cones, creamy milkshakes, and ice-cream cakes. Occasional appearances by Miss Maggie Moo, the business's iconic cow, delight customers. She also lends her services to fundraising efforts for local schools and charities.1910 Wells Rd.Orange Park, FL US
Cracker BarrelRead MoreFind all of your favorite American classics at Cracker Barrel, a casual restaurant. Keep your diet in check at Cracker Barrel, a local restaurant with gluten-free and low-fat menu items. At Cracker Barrel, kids of all ages are welcome. Gather up your group of friends and head to Cracker Barrel, a local restaurant that has room for large groups. Noise levels at the restaurant can be ear-piercing, so save the't te- -t tes for another night. It doesn't get much more laid-back than Cracker Barrel, so dress for comfort when you come. Or, take your grub to go. Cracker Barrel can also cater your next party; call today for details. Cracker Barrel is making the best of both worlds happen: creating food that is full of flavor and affordable! Breakfast fare is rated highest at the restaurant, though you can also stop by for lunch or dinner.4272 Eldridge LoopOrange Park, FL US


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Download Angry Birds Rio iPhone iPad iOS
Angry Birds Rio
What happens when everybody's favourite fierce fowl get caged and shipped to Rio? They get very angry!
In Angry Birds Rio, the original Angry Birds are kidnapped and taken to the magical city of Rio de Janeiro, where they eventually escape their captors and set out to to save their friends, Blu and Jewel – two rare macaws and the stars of the upcoming Fox motion picture, Rio. Angry Birds Rio will pair the physics-based gameplay of the original game with unique twists based on the film.
Click4more: Related apps angry birds rio
Angry Birds Rio features:
- Two fantastic episodes with 60 exciting levels!
- Completely new achievements!
- Special Hidden fruits - discover them all!
- Put your Angry Birds skills to the ultimate test in a spectacular boss fight!
Tags : birds , birds rio , rio angry , rio angry birds
Expect plenty more where this came from: Episodic updates throughout 2011!
The most exciting of avian adventures continues! Help the Angry Birds to free their friends and defeat the evil smugglers! Stay tuned for further fun episodes!
Follow us on Twitter for Angry Birds updates and pictures of our new toys:
Become a fan of Angry Birds on Facebook:
If you are iPhone and iPad owner,you now can download Angry Birds Rio for free from Apple Store. The application is supporting English language. It weighs in at only 13.1 MB to download. The new Angry Birds Rio app version 1.4.3 has been updated on 2014-11-08. The Apple Store includes a very useful feature that will check if your device and iOS version are both compatible with the app. Most iPhone and iPad are compatible. Here is the app`s compatibility information: Compatible with iPhone, iPod touch, iPad, and ix.Mac.MarketingName. Requires iOS 3.0 or later
More Info: Find more info about Angry Birds Rio in Rovio Mobile Ltd.`s Official Website : http://rovio.com
iOS Angry Birds Rio 1.4.3 Mobile
Customer Reviews
The game was to easy, so happy there are new levels!!!
(Revised - got it) No 12 Extra levels here…
Each trophy that acknowledges an achievement now represents a new Level to be played!
I have 3 Stars in every level of every version. I have all the fruit in Rio and my trophy page shows every trophy completed in gold with a star. I had not done 100% on every level for Eagle so I did it for the first 15 levels in the plane… nothing. What gives?
New levels, my patooty!
So I`ve updated, but I already had achieved some of the requirements for the "bonus" levels. HAH! More like BOGUS levels! If they`re there, I can`t find them!
Related - Games - Angry Birds Rio 1.4.3
More in Games - for Angry Birds Rio iPhone
More by Rovio Mobile Ltd. - for Angry Birds Rio app ioS


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Documentation is paper work submitted to complete a loan application for a mortgage.
Expanded Definition
As part of the loan application process, a loan originator collects a book of papers detailing the borrower's financial history. Typical information includes copies of previous mortgage account statements, income tax records, credit card documents, etc.
The documentation makes it possible for the loan originator to resell the mortgage to others.


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01 Sep 2015 2 Comments
Cute, But Unwelcome
These little guys are awfully cute, you have to admit. I mean, look at them. Out for an evening stroll, they're not causing anyone any harm.
Or are they?
According to my neighbor, these little fellas tore up his entire backyard. Ruts, holes–it looked like a Polo field at half-time. "Call out the divot-stompers!" The pristine grassy field is a mess (courtesy polo clubs and pony hooves). Not ideal for the home garden.
With this in mind, we scared off the piglets with a stiff bark and a quick dash down the fence line from the dogs next door and haven't seen or heard from the little buggers since.
Until now. I walked out to the garden for my normal stroll this morning and this is what I found.
UGH. Those beasts trampled through my okra! I'm not sure what they were looking for, but I don't think they found it. They continued to trample, leaving a few snout marks here and there.
At least my newly transplanted tomato sprouts were unharmed.
Thanks to my handy-dandy screen covering, they were left completely alone. I use this screen to keep the hot summer Florida sun from their tender leaves. This time, it served a dual purpose. Ahhh… Safe and sound. I do like a multi-tasker!