text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Mar 10, 2005
|Filing date
|Sep 10, 2003
|Priority date
|Sep 10, 2003
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Andrew Mackenzie, Emiliano Bartolome, Matt Bonner, Jean-Michel Combe, Manuel Gonzalez
|Original Assignee
|Andrew Mackenzie, Emiliano Bartolome, Matt Bonner, Jean-Michel Combe, Manuel Gonzalez
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (26), Referenced by (38), Classifications (5), Legal Events (2)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is related to the following Patent Applications: US Patent Application Serial No.______ filed Sep. 10, 2003, entitled "Methods and Apparatus for Generating Images" (HP reference 200207059-1 US; Attorney docket 621240-1); US Patent Application Serial No.______ filed Sep. 10, 2003, entitled "Location Patterns And Methods And Apparatus For Generating Such Patterns" (HP reference 200310542-1; Attorney docket 621241-9); US Patent Application Serial No.______ filed Sep. 10, 2003, also entitled "Location Patterns And Methods And Apparatus For Generating Such Patterns" (HP reference 200310543-1; Attorney docket 621242-7); British Patent Application No.______ filed Sep. 10, 2003, entitled "Methods, apparatus and software for printing location pattern" (HP reference 200300566-1; Attorney docket JL3824); and, British Patent Application No.______ filed Sep. 10, 2003, entitled "Printing of documents with position identification pattern" (HP reference 200310132-1; Attorney docket ASW1329).
This invention relates to printing digital document, and to digital pen and paper systems—sometimes called pen computing—in which documents are produced that include position identification pattern made up of markings printed on the document which can be detected by a suitable detection system and used to distinguish different positions on the documents. It also relates to a system for same and to a combination of a printer and a printer driver. It is especially, but not exclusively, relevant to the generation of digital documents.
It is known to use documents having such position identification markings in combination with a pen or other device having an imaging system, such as an infra red camera, within it, which is arranged to image a small area of the page close to the pen nib. The pen includes a processor having image processing capabilities and a memory and is triggered by a force sensor in the nib to record images from the camera as the pen is moved across the document. From these images the pen can determine the position of any marks made on the document by the pen. The markings can be stored either directly as graphic images, or perhaps as a sequence of "strokes/position on the document/time", which can be passed from the pen to a suitable processor such as a personal computer.
The combination of the pen and the patterned paper allows, for example, forms with checkboxes on to be provided and the markings of the check boxes with the pen detected. In further applications the pen markings recorded by the pen may be analysed to recognise handwriting characters.
For such a system to be able to handle a large number of documents it is desirable for the system to be able to print a different pattern on every document. In this way, the pen cannot only tell where it is on a document but also what document it is. The size of the pattern, its so-called area in pattern space, should be made very large and the allocation of portions of the pattern to documents recorded. By recording the portion of pattern allocated to each document on a database, which can be cross-reference with the pen readings and also a store of the document contents, a very flexible and powerful system can be achieved.
An example of a system which employs this type of digital paper is known from Anoto AB, and information about the requirements for a suitable pattern can be found on their website at www.anoto.com.
At present, production of documents including pattern is a two-pass process in which a batch of patterned paper is produced using a technique such a offset printing. Once this blank patterned paper has been printed, a user can create a file which contains the content (i.e. all printed parts of the document other than the pattern) and a second print pass is made in which the content is printed over the top of the pattern. This is a slow and cumbersome process and limited availability of pre-printed blank paper may limit the speed and convenience at which digital documents can be produced.
In accordance with a first aspect the invention provides a method of printing a document containing a printed pattern of position identification pattern markings comprising:
Thus, according to at least one embodiment of the invention there is provided the advantage that the printer creates the required pattern to print a digital version of the document, enabling it to be used in a digital pen and paper system. Because the printer generates the pattern—as distinct from sending to the printer a complete description of the pattern with the content of the document—the amount of information that needs to be sent to the printer is reduced.
It will be understood that by the phrase "pattern information that is independent from the print instructions" we mean information that does not form part of the file or files sent to the printer which make up the document it is asked to print. By print instruction we mean any instructions which can be sent to a printer and which can be in any format that is understood by a printer, the pattern instructions being provided as part of those instructions. The print instructions could define a document which is blank other than for pattern, i.e. it has a blank content.
The print instructions may include at least one pattern instruction indicating that a pattern is to be added by the printer to the document and the printer adds a pattern to the printed document in response to the at least one pattern instruction. The size of the description (the file of instructions sent to the printer) can therefore be greatly reduced. This reduces the time taken to transmit the file to the printer, freeing up the host to perform other tasks. Also, since the task of generating/allocating the actual pattern is performed at the printer the host is further freed to perform other tasks.
The pattern instruction could be included in the set of print instructions in many forms. It could simply be an instruction to "add a pattern" to the whole or part of a document. It could be an identity (ID) instruction which identifies a portion of pattern from a pattern space, or the type of pattern to be allocated or an algorithm that may be used to generate it. In some cases the pattern instruction can be thought of as a request for the printer to "add this pattern" or "add this portion of pattern" when printing.
The additional, independent, pattern information used by the printer that is not included in the print instructions may be stored locally at the printer—perhaps in a permanent memory—or remotely on a device which can be accessed by the printer across a network.
In a notable arrangement the description sent to the printer may include a pattern instruction which comprises an address. This address may indicate the location of a server on a network to which the printer is connected. The printer can request a pattern from this server to include in the document or request the additional information needed to create the pattern.
This provides the still further benefit that the processing overheads involved in allocating or generating the actual pattern for the printer are passed onto a remote processor (identified by the address) which frees the host and the printer to get on with other tasks. The host does not in fact need to have any direct connection to the processor that allocates or generates the pattern, allowing the document to be created "off-line" without any access to applications for the generation of the pattern.
This later feature is of great benefit in at least one system in which a document is created and allocated a pattern for subsequent printing. The document and an ID indicating which portion of pattern is to be used are stored on a server, and a user is given only the document and pattern ID. When a user is ready to print the document and ID are sent to the printer and the printer itself retrieves or generates the actual pattern identified by the ID. Of course, if the printer is given enough "intelligence" to create the pattern itself from the ID (by a stored function, library or look-up table) then the link to the server could be removed.
It will be appreciated that printer could be a stand-alone device which incorporates all of the features needed to generate and print pattern. The function of a pattern allocating server described hereinbefore could be included in the printer enabling it to allocate and generate pattern without the need to contact an external server.
A further advantage of providing a link from the printer to a server which sends pattern information is that security rights can be attached to the document. For example, the printer may identify itself to the server when requesting pattern and the server can check that the printer has the appropriate permission to print the document associated with the pattern ID.
In a still further alternative the instructions sent to the printer comprise pattern instructions telling the printer where to print pattern markings whilst leaving the actual generation of the markings to the printer itself. The printer is therefore sent compressed pattern information—a sort of shorthand of what the pattern comprises—whilst the printer fills in the missing information to produce the required image in the device space.
This last arrangement has the advantage that the pattern is produced independent of the resolution of the printer. Once it has been told the layout of the pattern—i.e. where the markings go—the printer can produce the actual pattern in the best way it can, choosing the appropriate markings and deciding for itself exactly how to reproduce the pattern that has been requested and where exactly to place them in the printed document. This reduces the amount of knowledge that the host—and in particular the printer driver—needs to have of the exact capabilities of the printer such as the printer resolution.
The method may further comprise generating the pattern in pieces that are smaller than the whole pattern needed for the document, a first piece being generated and the portion of the document including that piece being printed before, or during the generation of one or more of the remaining pieces. This may be continued until the whole document is printed.
Each piece may comprise a band of the document. Generating pattern in this way, and sending the piece with the corresponding content to be printed reduces the amount of memory needed to store the pattern during printing.
According to a second aspect the invention provides apparatus for printing a document containing position identification pattern markings which includes a printer having an processing means arranged to create the pattern to be printed in response to receipt of a set of print instructions which define the content of the document, the processing means creating the pattern using pattern information that is independent from the set of print instructions.
The apparatus may comprise either a stand-alone printer which can be connected to a host device such as a personal computer, or could comprise a part of a photocopier. The copier could be multifunctional allowing it to function as a printer or as a photocopier. When functioning as a printer it will receive documents to print electronically across a network. Where it functions as a photocopier it captures documents using a scanner.
Where a photocopier is provided, the set of print instructions will comprise a set of output signals generated by a scanner of the photocopier when an original document is scanned. Where it is a stand alone printer it will comprise a print file sent by a host device to the printer, or perhaps pre-stored in an area of memory of the printer.
Whilst appreciating the advantages that can be obtained by providing a printer or a copier that can print digital documents, the applicants have realised that it is in many cases advantageous to provide for a way of identifying copies that are printed.
According to a third aspect the invention provides a method of printing a document comprising:
According to a still further, fourth, aspect the invention provides apparatus arranged to produce multiple copies of a source document comprising:
The means for adding the pattern to the document may reside at the printer, allowing the advantages of reduced file size of the first aspect of the invention to be combined with the ability to print many different copies. Alternatively, the means for adding pattern may reside on the host computer and as such may comprise a printer driver or a filer driver.
Also, as indicated before, the apparatus may comprise a stand alone printer driver or perhaps a digital photocopier. Where it comprises a photocopier the apparatus may also include an optical scanner for scanning the source document and producing output signals representing an image of the source document to which the pattern is added, the processing means comprises an image processor for performing at least one processing step on the output signals produced by the scanner to produce modified signals representing a modified image of the scanned document, and in which the printing means is responsive to the modified image signals for printing a modified image represented by the modified image signals.
With the photocopier the processing step performed by the processor comprises embedding a pattern of positional markings within the image of the scanned document which markings can be detected by a suitable detection system and used to distinguish different positions on the documents.
The processing step performed by the processing means may comprise embedding a different pattern of positional markings within each of the modified images in the set which markings can be detected by a suitable detection system and used to distinguish between different positions on the documents.
It is preferred that the copy documents differ in that they each include a different portion or type of positional marking pattern. However, they may differ in other ways such as the addition of a barcode or a serial number or other marking. These may be visible to the human eye and/or may be machine readable markings.
According to a fifth aspect, the invention provides a photocopier comprising:
The invention, therefore, in one aspect enables a photocopier to make digital documents whenever it makes a photocopy.
By adding a pattern of positional markings to the document when making a photocopy the apparatus enables a document to be photocopied as a "digital document". This permits the document to be used in any of a variety of digital paper systems depending on the pattern used, thus adding considerable value to the photocopy.
Where the apparatus is a photocopier it may include means for storing the copy information and the printed information on a server. This provides a record of the document. The printed information may be stored as an electronic image of the copied document.
It is envisaged that the copier may add a different pattern each time a copy is made of a particular document. In that case a single source document can be provided which can be passed through the photocopier many times to add additional information—represented by the pattern—which is different for each copy. Alternatively, the copier may be set up to add a different pattern each time a batch of copies are made, or perhaps add a pattern that is specific to a user. For example, a user may be required to enter an ID, password or other code on the photocopier which is unique to that user. Pattern can then be added which is unique to that user according to the ID, password or code entered.
The copier may access a server to determine which pattern to add. The server could reply to a request made by the copier across a network by sending the copier a portion of pattern or perhaps a pattern ID identifying the portion of pattern to be added. In exchange, the copier could send to the server an electronic image of the document which can be linked to the portion of pattern.
The server may therefore form a part of a "digital paper" processing system. In one aspect of the present invention, the document including the pattern will comprise a photocopy which includes the pattern. The original of the document need not be designed as a digital document, and may indeed have no indication that it is to be printed with a pattern. Once the copier has added the pattern and sent an electronic image of the original to the server to be stored in a related way with its pattern, it enters the digital domain. Information obtained by the pen as it writes on the document may be interpreted by the server to determine which document is written on and where. The recorded strokes may then be processed by a suitable application which handles the image of the document, the pattern and the strokes.
Where the photocopier detects that an original document to be/being photocopied already contains a pattern of positional markings, it may offer the user an option to print without pattern, with the original pattern or with the pattern replaced by a new pattern.
According to a still further aspect the invention provides a controller for a photocopier and a data carrier which carries program instructions which when processed by a controller of a photocopier cause the controller to perform the method of the aspect of the invention or provide the apparatus of the aspect
Referring to
In the past, the pattern has been printed in a first pass, typically using offset printing techniques with the content being printed over the top in a second pass or in a single pass using high cost offset printing. In this example, a method in which the content and pattern are printed in a single pass is described.
It is envisaged that the position-identifying pattern that is printed may have many forms but one suitable example is that shown in
Referring to
An application service handler (ASH) 306, which is a program run, in this case, on a separate server having its own memory, processor I/O devices and communications port, is also provided with Internet connection. The ASH 306 is arranged to interpret the pen strokes recorded by the pen 300, as described below, converting them to an input suitable for the application on the PC 302. The ASH includes an optional image character recognition (ICR) program so that it can interpret handwritten input on the document 100 and convert it to digital text. A further ASH 307 is also provided, and is associated with a different application and arranged to interpret pen strokes for that application. In this case there is one ASH for each application that makes use of the digital pen and paper system. Each ASH 306, 307 needs to have a record of the layout of any particular document 100 including the positions, dimensions and functions of each of the patterned areas so that it can process any pen strokes made on the document 100.
A local paper lookup service (LPLS) 309 is also provided on the users PC which has an internet connection. This is a proxy service arranged to receive data from the pen when the pen has been used on the document 100, the data identifying which areas of pattern space have been written on. Typically the pattern space that is associated with the send box 122, and which the pen 300 has recognized as a prompt to contact the LPLS, is identified to the LPLS 309. The LPLS may be able to determine from locally held data which ASH to use to process the pen information. If not, the LPLS 309 is arranged to interrogate an Enterprise paper look-up service (EPLS) database on a central, network connected server 304 to determine the unique identity of the printed copy of the document 100. The EPLS includes a database indicating which application a printed copy of a document is associated with, and therefore which of the ASHs 306, 307 should be used for that application. The EPLS identifies the appropriate ASH 306 and the document identity to the pen. The pen can then send the pen stroke data and the document identity to the correct ASH 306, 307.
It will be understood that the various components of the system can all be located at separate locations, communicating via the internet as described. Alternatively some or all of them could be provided together on a single server, or grouped on a local network. This might be appropriate where a self-contained system for a limited number of applications is required.
Referring to
When the user has finished marking the document, in this case when the questionnaire is completed, this is recorded in a document completion process, for example by making a mark with the pen in the send box 122. The pen is arranged to recognise the pattern in the send box 122 and determine from that pattern the identity of the document 100. It then sends this document identification information to the EPLS server 304, which identifies the relevant ASH 306 to the pen 300, by sending the network address (e.g. a URL) of the ASH 306 to the pen 300. The pen stroke data is then sent by the pen 300 to the ASH 306 which converts it to a suitable format for input to the application 402. The pen 300 can be connected to the network in any suitable manner, but in this case it is via a Bluetooth radio link with the PC 302. Suitable pens are available from Logitech under the trademark Logitech lo using a USB connection.
In order to produce a set of digital documents 100, the first step is the design and creation of the document content. Referring to
The user may also define functions associated with the various patterned areas defined at step 606 so that the application 402 can process data received back when the document 100 has been written on. The defined functions are then allocated to the pattern areas at Step 606. In the case of the questionnaire document 100 the pattern areas in the larger boxes 120, 121 are identified as a graphical input areas, for which any pen markings should be stored graphically, or perhaps analysed using character recognition and stored as text. The regions associated with the check boxes 118 is associated with the respective response options so that the checking of the boxes 118 on a number of the forms 100 produces a standard mark, such as a cross, in the check box of the stored document. The region associated with the send box 122 is associated with the send function which will cause the pen to stop recording pen strokes for the document 100 and send them to the LPLS 309.
Once the document 100 has been designed, the user indicates, using the FDT 416 that it is completed, and the FDT 416 saves the document as a PDF file and allocates a document name to the document 100 in step 610 as indicated above. The FDT 416 also creates a Paper Application Definition (PAD) file which is a file defining those features or parameters of the document 100 that will be needed by the ASH 306 to interpret pen strokes made on the document 100. Those parameters include the size and shape of the pattern areas, and their functions, such as whether they are check boxes, areas for graphical input, areas for ICR analysis or areas having other functions. These parameters are the ones necessary to allow the processing of pen strokes made on the document 100 using the pen 300.
The PAD file is transmitted to the EPLS 306 when the document 100 has been finished and before it is written on with the pen. There it is added to the database to be updated or linked to pattern portions once pattern has been allocated at print time, so that it is accessible to the ASH which can interpret pen strokes on the document 100 and produce the necessary inputs to the application 402. The pattern space area allocated to the send box 122 also needs to be identified to the pen 300 so that it can detect when it is written on and respond by sending the pen stroke data. This occurs after the form design and is explained in more detail in the following description.
Having defined a document and defined the regions within that document to which pattern is to be allocated the user is ready to print the document. The printing of the document—comprising the content and the pattern is achieved in a single pass process using any printer that has a sufficient resolution to produce the dots of the pattern.
When a user decides to print a document, print on demand (POD) tool is called up from the application. In a typical graphical user interface, such as Microsoft Windows, running a word processing package to design a form, such as Word 6.0, calling the printer driver is performed by selecting "file" then click "print" in the drop down box that appears below. This will start the printer driver which will initiate the display of a set of visual prompts on the screen to which the user can respond. These prompts may include the option to print the document with or without pattern.
Once the user has responded to the prompts called, the POD takes the file—a PDF file in this example—produced by the application sends a stream of print instructions to the printer driver which in turn creates from these a print file in a page description language (PDL) describing the arrangement of any text and graphics forming the content in the document. Many different PDL languages could be used such as PCL developed by Hewlett Packard or Postscript developed by Adobe Systems.
The printer driver may produce a set of PDL instructions defining the content which also include one or more pattern instructions. Alternatively, the driver may produce a set of PDL instructions for the content which are accompanied- or "wrapped up" by instructions written in a higher level language which include pattern instructions. How this is done depends on the languages understood by the printer. The format of the PDL part of the file will depend upon the type of printer to which the file is to be sent but will most likely be either as a PCL or Postscript format file.
In one arrangement, for example, the content may be written in the PCL language and the pattern instruction(s) may comprise commands written in the printer job language (PJL) such as that described in the PJL Technical Manual, 10th edition that can be obtained from Hewlett Packard and is suitable for the control of many HP printers. In the event that the instructions are sent to a printer that does not support PJL, the pattern commands in the PJL part of the file will print as ASCII characters and the document will be printed without pattern. This feature may be beneficial with older printers that are not capable of printing the pattern as the document content will still print.
The printer can read the PJL file as it is provided with a converter-sometimes called a raster image processor (RIP)—which understands the PJL language. The raster image processor is essentially a dedicated processor built into the printer architecture, which converts the instructions sent by the printer driver into a full-page bitmap.
In this embodiment the print instructions sent to the printer are prepared at the printer driver of the host PC 700 and include at the start of the file a new PJL command which provides a metadescription of the pattern. This command is in the form of a pattern ID which identifies that a pattern is to be included in the document. Assuming the document produced by the FDT contains regions which are defined as including pattern, the driver allocates pattern to these regions and identifies the portion of pattern allocated by a pattern ID which is included in the file sent to the printer. Pattern allocation is performed by the printer driver making a request to a pattern allocation unit (as also shown in
An example of a suitable pattern instruction written in PJL is as follows:
@PJL SET DIGITAL-PATTERN=" string"
Where @PJL tells the printer it is a PJL command, DIGITAL-PATTERN tells the printer to call the function for creating the digital pattern and the string is the pattern information passed to the function.
The printer, which as described understands the PJL language of the print file has access to a memory in which is stored an algorithm of the generation of pattern. The new DIGITAL-PATTERN command for the pattern ID is also added to the print engines vocabulary. The RIP parses the instruction file by reading the instructions and calling the appropriate functions defined by the instructions. For example, when a PJL command identifying a pattern ID is read in the instructions the RIP calls a function that executes an algorithm using the value of the ID as its input variable. The function produces a bitmap file corresponding to the required image.
The pattern produced by the DIGITAL_PATTERN function depends on the values held in the string. The values passed by the command will depend on the way in which the function is defined at the printer, but typical string syntax in PJL may be as follows:
where PAGE_NO is the number of the page in the document;
In the above example, the command passes to the printer the location in x-y coordinates of an area of pattern within the total pattern space, as well as the width and height of the area.
Of course, other pattern information could be passed in this way. For example, the string may be an ID which when passed to the function called by the DIGITAL_PATTERN command causes the function to generate the required pattern. In a modification of this approach, the ID may be combined with a unique ID stored at the printer to produce an ID which is unique to the combination of document and printer. This will make it possible to identify which printer a document was printed on.
The use of the command allows other functionality to be included. If multiple pages are present in the document the command can be called with a string that corresponds to each page, a: being used as a separator in the PJL language.
For example, if the document is a form that is 5 pages long and only pages 2 and 3 have pattern the command may look like:
where 1233333,890 and 2344444,901 are the co-ordinates of the pattern portion for pages 2 and 3 respectively.
Similarly, the command can be used to tell the printer which regions of a page are to be printed with pattern and which are to be blank. It will be appreciated that this can be readily achieved by writing a suitable function that can be called by the printer.
Once the content and the pattern have been parsed by the RIP to produce bitmap images in the device space these are next combined using a logical bit wise OR function to form a complete pattern/content image in the device space using the canvas directly for rendering. This defines the whole document as a single file. At this time, the document will contain the pattern that corresponds with the pattern that is allocated to it.
In a final stage, the file comprising the combined content and pattern is sent to a printer engine where the bits of the image are converted to ink (or toner) dots. The file is therefore converted into low level machine instructions for the control of the printer hardware to print the patter, e.g. instruction that move parts of the printer and tell is when to feed the paper or deposit ink or toner or the like. This part of the process is standard printer technology as the combined pattern and content image will appear to the hardware and software as any other document that was to be printed by this stage.
It is to be noted that when a pattern ID is passed to the printer, the pattern is allocated by the pattern allocation unit prior to printing-typically by the POD tool calling a pattern allocation module which returns with the identity of an appropriate pattern or by the printer driver itself. Generation of the allocated pattern takes place at the printer.
An alternative flow path for a second embodiment of a printing system is shown in
The primary difference, however, is that in this arrangement the printer does not necessarily receive a file containing a pattern ID for production of a pattern but instead receives a network address indicting the location of a server which acts as a pattern supply unit. The printer engine, on reading the network address in the file contacts the EPLS server identified by the network address and makes a request for a suitable pattern from the pattern allocation unit. The EPLS server returns either a pattern ID, or sends a file in a vector or a bitmap format of the pattern. As such pattern allocation takes place at the printer and typically has not taken place until after the instructions have been sent to the printer.
The pattern received from the pattern supply unit by the printer is then combined with the content as for the first embodiment and low level machine language instructions are generated for the printer hardware as before.
As with the first embodiment shown in
Of course, it will be appreciated that whilst in the first and second embodiment the insertion of the pattern ID or network address into the document file is made by the application itself when a document file is produced it could equally well be inserted by the printer driver. A suitable plug-in, for example, to an existing application may be provided, or it may be written into the application from the outset. In either case, the PAD file can be updated at the time of selecting the pattern to include the pattern, or may be linked to the appropriate pattern once it has been allocated.
In another alternative, shown in
Also, it is to be understood that a pattern ID could be included in the print instructions together with a network address, the printer passing the pattern ID to the processor identified by the network address and receiving a corresponding portion of pattern associated.
The flow path of a still further alternative print system for creating and printing a document with pattern is shown in
In this case, the instructions sent to the printer still comprise PCL instructions wrapped with some PJL commands. Of course, as already stated this is only by way of example and any other suitable printer languages which permit the printer to call up appropriate functions could be used. At the start of the file a set of PJL commands are inserted which each provide a meta description of the location of one or more of the markings of the pattern. By meta description we mean data about other data—in this case data identifying the position of a marking in a document and the type of marking. These commands are each in the form of a command (which tells the RIP it is a position marking) followed by an alphanumeric/numeric variable or string which defines the location of a position marking in the document.
The location of each marking is determined prior to or during the creation of the print instruction set by the POD tool. The tool allocates a unique instance ID to the printed document 100. It then requests the required amount of pattern space from the pattern allocation unit (which could in some embodiments be the server 304), in this case one page, providing the document name and instance ID to the server 304, and receives back a definition of the required pattern space. This can be, for example, as a full definition of the actual pattern to be used, such as a bit map. The POD tool then generates a set of pattern instructions indicating the location of each of the dots that make up the pattern and adds these to the content instructions to be sent to the printer. Of course, the server could return to the POD with an appropriate set of command instructions rather than sending back an image such as a bitmap.
Alternatively, the POD tool may support an algorithm which produces the pattern locally without needing to access the server. This pattern generation may be performed by any application at the host, but is most likely to be performed by the POD tool printer driver at the time of printing.
The printer, which as described understands the PJL language of the print file has access to a memory in which is stored a function that is called whenever a PJL command for a position marking is encountered. The function is called by the command which operates on the string or variable sent with the command. The command returns a portion of bitmap for a dot at the requested location. In this way, the RIP parses the instruction file by reading the instructions and calling the appropriate functions defined by the instructions.
The command string could correspond to more than one pattern dot, such that each time the function is called a portion of bitmap corresponding to a number of dots is created. This allows further compression of the instructions sent to the printer. For example, for the pattern of
The bitmap produced by the function is inserted into the final bitmap for the document. The exact position at which a marking is to be printed on the document is indicated by the print instructions corresponding to a pattern instruction.
Once the content and the pattern are produced as bitmap images these are next combined, perhaps using a bitwise OR function, to complete pattern/content image. This defines the whole document as a bitmap file or as a set of PDF instructions (vectors etc) used by the printer to produce the final bitmap.
In a final stage, the bitmap file comprising the combined content and pattern is sent to a printer engine where the bits of the image are converted to ink (or toner) dots. The file is therefore converted into low level machine instructions for the control of the printer hardware to print the patter, e.g. instruction that move parts of the printer and tell is when to feed the paper or deposit ink or toner or the like. This part of the process is standard printer technology as the combined pattern and content image will appear to the hardware and software as any other document that was to be printed by this stage.
In some cases, the printer may store a function which corresponds to more than one type of position marking. In this case, the printer may select whichever marking is best to produce the required pattern taking into consideration the resolution of the printer.
By way of the example shown in
It will be appreciated that many modifications are possible within the scope of the invention. Any features of one of the embodiments of FIGS. 8(a) to (d) may be combined with the features of one or more other of the embodiments. The pattern allocation unit may be accessed by the application, the printer driver or the printer depending on the preferred arrangement for a given application.
A filter driver may be provided which sits in the flow path between the application and the printer driver. This can be seen in
It will also be understood that the paper printed with the pattern and the content can have many uses. A primary use may be in a system for the creation and management of digital documents.
Another example of a device which falls within scope of at least one aspect of the present invention is a photocopier 910 which can produce digital paper copies of an original source document. This device incorporates many of the benefits of the printers of the first examples, and is shown in
The scanner 912 comprises a glass platen 915 upon which a source document to be photocopied can be placed. The source document could be a printed page, perhaps A4 or A5 or a handwritten document or page from a book leaflet or pamphlet. Indeed, it could be anything that can be reproduced using a photocopier. A cover plate 916 is provided above the platen 915 to block out any unwanted light, and the document is placed between the platen and the cover plate. An optical imaging system comprising a detector-typically a charge coupled device (CCD) line image sensor 917 a and a lamp 917 b mounted on a motor driven platform 918 are provided below the glass platen 915. The motor driven platform 918 moves the CCD and light across the platen under the control of the controller 914 such that the CCD captures a sequence of images, each comprising a slice of the complete image of the document on the platen 915. The CCD of the optical scanner generates as its output electrical signals that digitally represent an image of the document that it has scanned optically. These signals are collated and fed to the controller 914 to form a digital image of the scanned document. The digital image may be gray-scale or colour depending principally upon whether the copier has the ability to print colour copies.
The printer 913 is typically, but not necessarily, a laser printer. The printer 913 receives electrical signals from the controller digitally representing a modified image of the document and renders this modified image on a copy document. As shown in
The scanning unit 912 and the printer 913- and indeed all the motors and other parts of the photocopier are controlled by signals produced by the print controller 914. The controller 914 also receives input signals from parts of the photocopier 910 such as a copy button (not shown). The output of the CCD 917 b is passed to the controller which produces an initial scanned image. The controller 914 modifies the scanned image by generating a pattern of positional identification markings and modifies the initial image in the digital domain by adding the pattern. The modified image including the pattern is then used to drive the sequence of illumination of the LD which determines the final image that is printed.
A suitable print controller 1200 is shown in more detail in
The print controller 1200 comprises a processor 1210 which is operably connected via a system bus to an area of permanent memory 1220, an area of random access memory 1230, a power supply line 1240 and a modem 1250. The permanent memory 1220 provides the function of a data carrier and stores therein a set of program instructions 1260 which can be executed by the processor 1210. The operating instructions control the operation of the photocopier controller, and the processor 1210 carries out the instructions in accordance with the program, taking additional input from user performed operations such as the activation of a "start copy" key or an "add pattern" key connected to the bus.
The program 1260 comprises several functional blocks of program code. One block 1261 when executed by the processor causes the scanner to capture an input image of a source document upon initiation of the "start copy" key by a user. The captured image 1231 is stored by the processor 1210 in an area of the temporary RAM. Another block 1262 causes the processor to generate a pattern of positional markings. A further block 1263 causes the processor to modify the captured image to add the positional markings. A still further block 1264 contains the instructions needed to cause the processor to instruct the printer to print the modified document. A final block 1265 causes the photocopier to instruct the modem send an image of the scanned document to a remote server, typically as a bitmap or perhaps a compressed image in a format such as Postscript or PCL.
The controller in effect modifies the scanned image to produce a modified image to be printed. In this example the modification comprises the addition of a pattern of positional markings.
It is advantageous not only that the pattern applied is unique for a document—or each of a set of copies—but that it also encodes some additional information such as the photocopier identity. This can be achieved by reserving an area of pattern for a particular copier by giving the copier its own ID or perhaps by storing along with the pattern used and the image of the document some information such as the copier identity, time of copier, user ID etc. This information could be stored in a separate file attached to the document image sent to the server.
The operation of the copier of
In a first step 1300, a document to be copied is selected and placed on the platen of the photocopier. The user then selects 1310 whether or not to produce a "digital" photocopy (modified by the photocopy controller) or a normal copy by pressing the "digital copy" button. This sends an appropriate signal to the photocopier controller. Once selected, copying begins by pressing the "Start" button. For ease of explanation it will be assumed that the user has requested a "digital" copy. It will be understood also that some photocopiers may not provide the user with a choice but may in fact generate all copies as "digital" copies.
After the Start button has been pressed, the scanner is initiated 1320 and the lamp and CCD are moved across the platen such that the CCD captures 1330 an image of the document. This image is passed to the controller which allocates or requests allocation of pattern from a server to the document and then generates 1340 a pattern of positional markings to apply to the captured image according to the pattern that is allocated. The controller will in fact render a number of different patterns depending on how many copies the user has requested—5 patterns may be generated for 5 unique copies, or 1 for each of 5 copies. This will depend on the settings of the photocopier which may be user definable.
Once the patterns have been produced the controller produces 1350 a set of modified images. Each will comprise the scanned image of the source document embedded with the pattern. The pattern could be embedded using a simple logical OR operation if the scanned image and pattern are rendered in the same format and resolution. Where the printer is a laser printer the scanned image and pattern could be generated in any language which can be interpreted by the printer, such as PCL or Postscript, or could be any other form of bitmap or vector images.
The step of generating or creating 1350 the pattern can be performed in a number of different ways. The following is a non-exhaustive list of possible alternative processes:
It could, of course perform a combination of these functions. For instance, rather than returning a pattern to the copier a server may instead return a pattern ID to the photocopier which in turn creates the required pattern.
In the case of a photocopier which is linked to a remote server using a modem or other network connection the controller may only have the ability to request and receive pattern. The choice of which pattern to use will be left to the server. The selection of a pattern could be based on a number of requirements. For instance the photocopier may identify itself to the server and this may influence the choice of pattern portion used.
In a final step, the controller prints 1360 the modified images.
The photocopier may be used in a variety of different "digital" paper document systems although one most advantageous system is illustrated in
The system 1400 comprises a photocopier 1410 such as the photocopier 910 shown in
Digital documents produced by the photocopier can be processed in many ways. It is envisaged that an application can be provided which merges the stored image of the scanned document with markings made upon it by a digital pen and displays the merged image on a screen. A user can then make manuscript markings on a digital photocopy and easily transfer them to a computer screen. In an alternative an application may be provided which simply identifies a copy from its pattern whenever a user writes on it with a digital pen. This could be used for document tracking or to check for unauthorised use of a photocopy. It could be used in combination with digital rights management systems.
The server on which the pattern information and copy of the scanned image are stored need not be one and the same. For instance, the photocopier may store the images in its own memory or on a dedicated storage device connected to it across the network whilst the pattern information is stored on a separate server. When a pen writes on a photocopy the server is contacted which tells the pen the address on the network at which the corresponding copy is stored. This server could, for example comprise a central server on which all pattern allocated by photocopiers is stored along with a network address indicating which other server or storage device holds the image of the document along with an application suitable for handling the pen strokes. The central server contacted by the pen, on receiving the pen strokes and recognising the pattern, will then return the network address of the other server to the pen which thereafter only talks to the other server. This would be more suited to use on a wider scale whereas the first embodiment would be suitable for use within a single company which has its own pens, photocopier and server.
The operation of a digital paper system based around a photocopier such as the one shown in
In a first step 1500, the user starts making a copy of the document by placing it on the photocopier. The photocopier then scans 1510 the document and produces 1520 a digital photocopy by performing the steps of
Once printed, a user can write 1550 on the document with a digital pen which captures 1560 the users pen strokes and the pattern on the document. The pen sends 1570 this information to a server which stores the pattern read by the pen. The server interprets 1580 the pattern and returns to the pen the identity of the document that is being written upon.
The provision of a pattern of positional markings—such as the Anoto pattern makes it possible to record, using an appropriate digital pen—the position of writing on the paper. The unique pattern read by the pen is sent to a server. The server knows where it is in the pattern space and can look up to tell not only what document is being written on but also where in the document.
In an alternative arrangement the photocopier may be arranged to produce multiple different copies of a source document in which each copy is different and in which a copy of the source document is stored along with its modification to permit the identity of the copy to be determined. This feature can be provided by a copier which does not necessarily apply positional marking patterns but instead modifies a set of copies in other ways. For example, a serial number or barcode or other identification pattern could be applied. Since an electronic copy of the source document is stored on a server or other apparatus, or even the copier itself, the copy can be identified by analysing the content of the copy. A barcode reader could be used where the marking is a barcode, or a pen type device or other scanner could be used.
Whilst it is known in the prior art to provide photocopiers which modify scanned images to embed information the applicant is not aware of any photocopiers which modify each of a set of copies in a print batch in such a way that each is unique.
It will also be understood by the skilled person that we may provide a printer, such as the printer shown in the accompanying drawings, with the functionality described hereinbefore for the photocopier in which case the original will be an electronic file rather than a paper document. As with the photocopier described hereinbefore the printer will modify each copy it makes by applying a different marking so they can be distinguished from one another. Recording the original together with the identity of the marking for each copy allows them to be easily tracked. If a pattern of positional markings is used as the marking it also allows the printer to generate a "digital" document even where the original is not designed as a "digital" document.
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|Variable formatting of digital data into a pattern
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|Imaging parameter detection
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|Anoto Ab
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|Anoto Ab
|Information-related devices and methods
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|Anoto Ab
|Position determination II—calculation
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|Anoto Ab
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|Method and system for object selection
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|Imaging method, imaging apparatus, and image information management system
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|Devices method and computer program for position determination
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|Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd
|Interface surface printer
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|Interface surface printer
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|Feb 13, 2007
|Anoto Ab
|Coding pattern
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|Apr 10, 2007
|Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd
|Printer for actuated printing of visible and invisible data
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|May 2, 2002
|Petter Ericson
|Data form having a position-coding pattern detectable by an optical sensor
|Mar 21, 2001
|May 9, 2002
|Petter Ericson
|Processing of documents
|Dec 6, 2000
|Jul 18, 2002
|Xerox Corporation
|Accurate printing of proprietary mark patterns and colors
|Dec 29, 2001
|Oct 17, 2002
|Chang Kenneth H.P.
|Encoding and decoding a message within an image
|Apr 5, 2002
|Oct 31, 2002
|Linus Wiebe
|Method for processing information
|Jun 7, 2001
|Dec 12, 2002
|Doron Shaked
|Fiducial mark patterns for graphical bar codes
|Jun 26, 2002
|Jan 16, 2003
|Andreas Olsson
|Method and device for data decoding
|Nov 14, 2002
|May 20, 2004
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Apparatus, method and program product for controlling printing
|Dec 27, 2002
|Apr 7, 2005
|Linus Wiebe
|Method for transmitting information
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|Nov 14, 2006
|Kt International, Inc.
|Identifier for use with digital paper
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|Aug 26, 2008
|Pitney Bowes Inc.
|Method and system for creating and sending a facsimile using a digital pen
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|Sep 9, 2008
|Ricoh Company, Ltd.
|Graphical user interface
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|Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for handling different print data formats
|Feb 18, 2005
|Oct 20, 2009
|Microsoft Corporation
|Embedded interaction code document
|Mar 22, 2006
|Mar 23, 2010
|Microsoft Corporation
|Passive embedded interaction coding
|May 31, 2005
|Jun 1, 2010
|Microsoft Corporation
|Fast error-correcting of embedded interaction codes
|Aug 5, 2008
|Jun 15, 2010
|Ricoh Company, Ltd.
|Printer driver filter and method of printing with the same
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|Oct 19, 2010
|Microsoft Corporation
|Embedded interaction code enabled surface type identification
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|Oct 26, 2010
|Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc.
|Continuous raster image processing control across print jobs
|Feb 25, 2005
|Nov 2, 2010
|Microsoft Corporation
|Fast embedded interaction code printing with custom postscript commands
|Sep 1, 2005
|Mar 1, 2011
|Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.
|Printing device, electronic document management system, printing medium, print processing method, and program
|Jun 12, 2008
|Apr 5, 2011
|Microsoft Corporation
|Preprocessing for information pattern analysis
|Apr 7, 2004
|Nov 8, 2011
|Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
|Digital documents, apparatus, methods and software relating to associating an identity of paper printed with digital pattern with equivalent digital documents
|Feb 28, 2007
|Feb 28, 2012
|Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.
|Paper based meeting service management tool
|Aug 27, 2004
|Mar 6, 2012
|Hewlett-Packard Development Company L.P.
|Printing of documents with position identification pattern
|Jul 25, 2008
|Apr 10, 2012
|Microsoft Corporation
|Global metadata embedding and decoding
|Jun 15, 2004
|Apr 24, 2012
|Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for selecting printing devices according to resource availability
|Oct 7, 2011
|Nov 18, 2014
|Konica Minolta Business Technologies, Inc.
|Image forming apparatus, data processing program, data processing method, and electronic pen
|Feb 20, 2004
|Nov 11, 2004
|Zhongming Yu
|Graphical user interface
|Aug 2, 2004
|Jun 30, 2005
|Henwell Chou
|Verifiable voting input system
|Jan 6, 2004
|Sep 1, 2005
|Microsoft Corporation
|Enhanced approach of m-array decoding and error correction
|Mar 8, 2005
|Sep 29, 2005
|Henwell Chou
|Identifier for use with digital paper
|Apr 7, 2004
|Nov 3, 2005
|Ira Goldstein
|Digital documents, apparatus, methods and software relating to associating an identity of paper printed with digital pattern with equivalent digital documents
|Jun 15, 2004
|Dec 15, 2005
|Ferlitsch Andrew R
|Method and apparatus for selecting printing devices according to resource availability
|Jul 29, 2004
|Feb 2, 2006
|Ferlitsch Andrew R
|Method and apparatus for handling different print data formats
|Sep 14, 2004
|Mar 16, 2006
|Ferlitsch Andrew R
|Continuous raster image processing control across print jobs
|Mar 22, 2006
|Aug 17, 2006
|Microsoft Corporation
|Passive embedded interaction coding
|Feb 18, 2005
|Aug 24, 2006
|Microsoft Corporation
|Embedded interaction code document
|Mar 24, 2005
|Sep 28, 2006
|Microsoft Corporation
|Maze pattern analysis with image matching
|Sep 14, 2005
|Oct 5, 2006
|Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.
|Electronic document management system, image forming device, printing medium, method of managing electronic document, and program
|Apr 22, 2005
|Oct 26, 2006
|Microsoft Corporation
|Embedded method for embedded interaction code array
|Sep 1, 2005
|Nov 30, 2006
|Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.
|Printing device, electronic document management system, printing medium, print processing method, and program
|Jun 2, 2005
|Dec 7, 2006
|Microsoft Corporation
|Stroke localization and binding to electronic document
|Aug 27, 2004
|Apr 19, 2007
|Hewlett-Packard Development Company L.P.
|Printing of documents with position identification pattern
|Apr 26, 2012
|Yoshinori Tanaka
|Image Forming Apparatus, Data Processing Program, Data Processing Method, And Electronic Pen
|May 12, 2011
|Nov 15, 2012
|Sap Ag
|Method and system for combining paper-driven and software-driven design processes
|Jul 6, 2007
|Jan 10, 2008
|Ken Medellin
|System, method, and computer program product for remote printing
|U.S. Classification
|358/1.18, 358/1.12
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Feb 6, 2004
Owner name: HEWLETT-PACKARD DEVELOPMENT COMPANY, L.P., TEXAS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:HEWLETT-PACKARD ESPANOLA, S.L.;BARTOLOME, EMILIANO;COMBE, JEAN-MICHEL;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:014955/0630
Effective date: 20040126
Owner name: HEWLETT-PACKARD DEVELOPMENT COMPANY, L.P., TEXAS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BONNER, MATT;REEL/FRAME:014955/0637
Effective date: 20040116
|Feb 9, 2004
Owner name: HEWLETT-PACKARD DEVELOPMENT COMPANY, L.P., TEXAS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:HP CENTRE DE COMPETENCES FRANCE S.A.S.;COMBE, JEAN-MICHEL;REEL/FRAME:014956/0001
Effective date: 20040205


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Martyrologium Romanum and the choice of Mass
You probably know by now that I am a fan of the Martyrologium Romanum, or Roman Martyrology. This is a book which containsa list, for every day of the year, of martyrs and other saints whose feasts or commemorations are … Continue reading
Posted in SESSIUNCULA, WDTPRS 9 Comments
8 July: Bl. Eugene III, Pope
The Vatican Basilica has another special today, for Bl. Pope Eugene, III. Who was this fellow? Bernardo dei Paganelli di Montemagno was from Pisa. He was a pupil of St. Bernard of Clairvaux and the Abbot of a Cistercian monastery … Continue reading
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The Grail in Valencia: revisited
Back on 26 June I posted a rather long entry on the chalice in Valencia which could well be the real Holy Grail. You might want to review it if you didn't see it before.
Posted in SESSIUNCULA Comments Off on The Grail in Valencia: revisited


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At the Beach Lotion PumpItem # HN-CBP1247
- Intricate shell-and-driftwood design
- Made of resin
- Durable pump makes for easy dispensing
- Design frames beautifully detailed landscape
- Wipes clean with a damp cloth
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The Creative Bath At the Beach Collection
Sale Price:
Reviewed by 1 customer
- Adequate Capacity
- Attractive Design
- Dispenses Cleanly
- Easy To Load
- Quality Construction
- Picture will come off
Best Uses
- Bathroom
- Breakroom
- Kitchen
Comments about At the Beach Lotion Pump:
I use the pump for soap for washing my hand and my families, works great, you need to be careful as picture on the pump can be scraped off. So if you wash it the whole pump don't use anything abrasive.
- Primary use:
- Personal
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