text:
Mark Burnett: My Ex-Wife Did Not Invent 'Survivor'
In a no-holds-barred memoir, Dianne Burnett claims she came up with key elements of the long-running CBS reality competition, including helping select the name and host Jeff Probst.
This story first appeared in the July 27 issue of The Hollywood Reporter.
Survivor producer Mark Burnett needs a real-life tribal council to deal with his former wife.
Dianne Burnett, whose marriage to the U.K.-born reality mogul ended in 2002, is set to publish Sept. 18 a no-holds-barred memoir, The Road to Reality: My Journey as a Real-Life Survivor (Hay House). What's got the producer really peeved is her claim that she's responsible in part for the success of his television enterprises.
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In the book, an advance copy of which was obtained by THR, Dianne claims that despite never receiving producing credits on the long-running CBS hit, she came up with key elements, including naming the show Survivor, helping select Jeff Probst as host and advising on casting for the debut 2000 season, which has served as a template for all 24 cycles. (First-season winner Richard Hatch wrote the book's foreword, noting that readers will "discover how she survived being voted off the island she'd helped to establish.")
"I was often the Horatio to his Alger in our rags- to-riches story," writes Dianne, who married Mark, 52, in 1992, long before his Hollywood rise. "I was the behind-the-scenes kingmaker, and the muse."
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Mark, however, strongly rejects her claim, insisting instead that credit for the show's success should go to him and his colleagues, many of whom -- including Probst and Survivor director Mike Sears -- contacted THR on his behalf.
Dianne's claim, says Sears, is "like saying, 'I was standing next to someone who was doing great things; ergo, I did great things.' "
Probst says he barely remembers Dianne ("I saw [her] over three seasons maybe five times -- always in catering").
Dianne, who received a substantial (and confidential) settlement when the divorce was finalized in 2006, says she's coming forward now so she and Mark's two children would be aware of the truth, not because she wants more money (Survivor is the centerpiece of Mark's estimated $400 million empire).
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But Mark chalks up the claims to a desperate desire for book sales.
"Every now and then, when something is just plain wrong, you've got to speak out," says Mark, who has since married actress Roma Downey. "If she did so much, so long ago, where are all her new shows?"
Retorts Dianne, "No one knows what happened behind closed doors."
Never miss a story. Stay up-to-date with THR's Daily Headlines.
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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Sep 14, 1971
|Filing date
|May 18, 1965
|Priority date
|May 18, 1965
|Publication number
|Houten Robert G Van, Schweitzer John C
|Original Assignee
|Delta Products Inc
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (11), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (3), Classifications (8)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
United States Patent [72] Inventors Robert G. Van Houten;
John C. Schweitzer, both of Grand Junction, Colo. [21] Appl. No. 456,789 [22] Filed May 18, 1965 [45] Patented Sept. 14, 1971 [73] Assignee Delta Products Inc.
Grand Junction, C010.
[54] CAPACITOR DISCHARGE IGNITION SYSTEM 9 Claims, 5 Drawing Figs.
[52] US. Cl. ..315/209 CD, 315/209 SC, 315/241 [51] Int. Cl. F02p 3/06, l-10lt 15/02 [50] Field oISear-eh 315/209 CD, 209, 241, 209 SC; 331/1 13.1
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,312,860 4/1967 Sturm 315/223 3,329,867 7/1967 Steams 315/209 3,331,986 7/1967 Hardin et al.. 317/200 2,837,651 6/1958 Schultz 331/113 2,948,841 8/ 1960 Lucanthi et al.. 331111 B X 2,976,461 3/1961 Dilger et a1. 331/113 X 3,032,684 5/1962 Kuykendall 315/209 X 3,056,066 9/ l 962 Dozier, .I r. 315/223 3,078,391 211963 Bunodiere et a1... 315/209 X 3,219,877 11/1965 Konopa 315/209 3,251,351 5/1966 Bowers 315/209 X OTHER REFERENCES June 1964 issue of Popular Electronics" (Patent Office Scientific Library Date Stamp of Receipt on May 11. 1964) pages 33- 44 inclusive and pages 85, 86, and 87.
Primary ExaminerRoy Lake Assistant Examiner-E. R. LaRoche Attomey-Anderson, Spangler & Wymore ABSTRACT: A capacitor discharge ignition system which includes a storage capacitor, a charging circuit for charging the capacitor, a switch effectively directly connected across the output of the charging circuit and adapted to be actuated in timed relation with respect to an engine, wherein the charging circuit comprises a converter which stalls on actuation of the switch means which is connected to provide a low impedance short across the output of the converter to reset the converter and switch means in timed relation as a function of the engine speed. The switch includes a trigger circuit and a feedback circuit is provided to feed back a portion of the energy stored in the storage capacitor to effectively completely discharge the trigger circuit of the switch when actuated. There may further be provided means for supplying a reverse gate voltage to the switch means to prevent spurious signals from actuating same.
sum 2 or 3 /-PLUG FIRES TYPICAL ms: TIME 0.5-2psec 3 I BRIDGE STOPS CONDUCTING 8 2 CAPACITOR I RECHARGES & l oou. RINGING 6| FREQUENCY n A AF 63/ V0.4 V 0.5 MILLISECONDS SRC TURN OFF 5 BRIDGE CONDUCTS E E 4 l I I I I l I I I I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 IO RPM in THOUSANDS I l I I l l l RPM in THOUSANDS 4 INVENTOR.
ROBERT G. Vom HOUTEN JOHN C. SCHWEITZER PATENTED SEP] 4 l9)" SHEET 3 BF 3 NNNJ OOOOOOO'OOOOO qOm ONN
INVENTOR. ROBERT G. Vom HOUTEN JOHN C. SCHWEITZER CAPACITOR DISCHARGE IGNITION SYSTEM The use of higher compression ratios in the modern automobile and truck engines requires a higher voltage at the points of the spark plugs and greater dependability of the remaining circuit components. Several attempts have been made to achieve the required results by combining transistor amplifiers with gaseous discharge tubes and storage capacitors but these circuits have been expensive, bulky, and sometimes refuse to operate when one spark plug is short circuited or refuses to fire because of too widely separated points. The circuit of the present invention utilizes relatively few elements, insures a strongly peaked sparking voltage pulse that causes a discharge at some of the spark plugs even though other plugs are disconnected or shorted.
The new ignition circuit for high compression engines is relatively inexpensive as compared with those heretofore proposed. It increases the life of spark plugs and reduces, if not eliminates, misfiring due to fouled plugs by providing a single high voltage pulse across the spark plug terminals. The circuit effectively reduces the required current through the breaker contacts, thus insuring longer contact life.
It is the principal object of the present invention to provide an ignition circuit which will develop, in a simple controllable manner, high voltages and relatively high energies for delivery to a spark plug or spark gap to ignite combustible fuel mixtures.
A further important object of the present invention is the provision of an improved ignition system having a variable spark repetition rate responsive to engine speed.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide an ignition circuit which is efficient and will provide dependable operation over a wide range of ambient temperatures, voltages, and energies in predictable manner.
A further object of the present invention is the provision of an improved ignition system which provides for delivery of only one complete cycle to the ignition coil each time the points open.
A still further object of the present invention is to provide an improved ignition circuit which displays a rapid rise time and avoids most of the disadvantages of prior art ignition systems.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved ignition system which avoids refiring due to point bounce in high-speed engines.
Another important object of the present invention is to provide an improved ignition circuit which is capable of impressing a voltage and current, with a minimum electrical loss, across the primary windings of a high ratio step-up transformer or ignition coil, the output of which is delivered to spark plugs or spark gaps.
In accordance with the present invention a relatively low DC voltage is transformed to an intermediate DC voltage by means of a DC to DC converter and stored in a storage capacitor. Breaker contacts or other suitable means are controlled to open and close in synchronism with the movements of the engine's pistons to provide a signal or condition representative of such movement. The signal or condition thus produced is used to control the discharge of the capacitor into a high ratio stepup transformer having the output thereof connected to deliver the developed potential to spark plugs or spark gaps in timed sequence and in proper order to ignite a combustible fuel serving to drive an engine.
For a better understanding of the present invention, together with other and further objects thereof, reference is had to the following detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings and its scope will be pointed out in the appended claims.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of connections of the preferred form of the ignition circuit of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the voltages developed across the ignition coil primary windings during the operation of the circuit of this invention as a function of time;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing power supplied to the ignition circuit of this invention as a function of engine speed;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the high tension voltage developed at the spark plugs by the ignition circuit of this invention as a function of engine speed; and
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of connections similar to FIG. 1 but employing a modified control arrangement.
Referring now to FIG. 1, the circuit includes the usual battery 10 and breaker points 12 which are operated by a portion of the mechanical gearing coupled to a drive shaft. Although the circuit is illustrated as using breaker points as the means of synchronizing operation of the circuit with the movement of the engine, it will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that other control means and methods may be used with equal success that make use of magnetic, photoelectrical or Hall effect characteristics to sense the appropriate moment for firing and develop a control signal suitable to control the ignition circuit of the present invention.
The ignition circuit includes a DC to DC converter 14 to convert the relatively low voltage from battery 10 to a higher voltage for storage, a storage element or capacitor 16, a switching circuit 18 to control the discharge of the storage element 16, a sensing means such as breaker points 12 to sense the relative position of engine parts, and actuate switch 18 and a high voltage output transformer or coil 20 to transform the voltage stored in capacitor 16 to a high tension voltage which will fire a spark plug. The output circuit includes the usual plu rality of spark plugs represented by a single gap 22 and a distributor 24 which may be operated by a mechanical gear means coupled to the drive shaft of the engine. The operation of the distributor and the spark plugs are well known and need not be described here in detail.
The converter 14 includes transformer 26 having a center tapped 27 primary winding 28 connected to the positive terminal of battery 10 via conductor 30 and ignition switch 31. Each end of the primary winding is connected to the base electrode 32 and 34 respectively of transistors 36 and 38 serially through base-current-limiting resistors 40 and 42. Intermediate taps 44 and 46 to either side of the center of the primary winding 28 are connected respectively to the emitter electrodes 48 and 50 of transistors 36 and 38. The collector electrodes 52 and 54 are connected serially through forward bias resistors 56 and 58 to base electrodes 32 and 34 respectively and are further connected to ground potential via conductor 60. The secondary winding 62 of transformer 26 is connected to a diode rectifier bridge 63 comprising diodes 64, 66, 68 and 70. The negative terminal of rectified output of bridge 63 is connected via conductor 72 to one lead of filter condenser 74 with the other lead being connected to ground potential. A diode 76 is connected between the center tap 27 of the primary winding of transformer 26 and the positive lead of condenser 74 which acts as a filter to reduce any voltage ripple present on the battery supply as it is passed through diode 76 to the switching circuit 18. Resistors 56 and 58 of the oscillator converter 14 serve as forward bias resistors enabling the oscillator to start at low temperatures and resistors 40 and 42 set the drive level of the feedback signal to transistors 36 and 38.
The switching circuit 18 contains the silicon-controlled rectifier control circuit and associated protective circuits. The silicon-controlled rectifier 78 has the cathode 80 thereof connected to the negative terminal 82 of bridge 63 via conductors 84 and 72. The anode 85 of rectifier 78 is connected to the positive terminal 86 of the bridge 63 via conductor 88. A high resistance bleeder resistor 90 is connected between the anode 85 and the cathode 80 of the rectifier 78. The cathode 80 of rectifier 78 is connected to the common connection 21 of the primary and secondary windings of coil 20 via conductor 92. The anode 85 of rectifier 78 is connected to the other end of the primary winding of coil 20 serially through storage capacitor 16 via conductor 94. The gate electrode 96 of rectifier 78 is connected serially through a resistance 98 to the ungrounded contact 13 of the breaker points 12 via conductor 100. A resistance 102 is connected between contact 13 of the points and conductor 92 to receive current from the junction of diode 76 and condenser 74 via conductor 84. The contact 13 of the points is also connected to the gate electrode of rectifier 78 serially through condenser 104, resistor 106, and conductor 108. A diode 110 is connected in shunt with resistor 106 and diode 112 is connected between the junction of condenser 104 and resistor 106 and ground potential existing on conductor 60. A resistor 114 is connected between ground potential on conductor 60 and the juncture 115 of gate electrode 96, resistor 106 and diode 110. A further diode 116 is connected between juncture 115 and cathode electrode 80. The coil side of storage capacitor 16 is connected to the juncture of condenser 104, diodes 110 and 112, and resistor 106 serially through resistor 118 and diode 120.
The operation of the ignition circuit is as follows: On closure of the ignition switch 31 battery voltage is supplied from battery to the center tap 27 of transformer 26 and to diode 76. The application of voltage to the transformer causes to flow through resistors 40, 42, 56 and 58 and simultaneously through transistors 36 and 38 to ground. Since these paths have a different resistance value, one-half of the primary winding will have a higher current flow.
Assuming that the upper half of the primary winding 28 carries slightly higher current than the lower, the voltages developed, in the two feedback windings connecting resistors 40 and 42, tend to turn transistors 36 on and 38 off. This increases the current through the upper half of the transformer winding. The increase in current further drives transistors 36 into conduction and transistors 38 into cutoff, simultaneously transferring energy to the secondary of transformer 26 that is rectified by the diode bridge 63.
When the current through the upper half of the primary of transformer 26 reaches a point where it can no longer increase, due to resistance in the primary circuit and/or transformer core saturation, the signal applied to the transistor 36 from the feedback winding decreases. Since transistor 36 immediately turns off, the current in the upper winding decreases. The magnetic field developed by the current flow starts to collapse. This collapsing field, cutting across all the windings in the transformer, develops voltages in the transformer opposite in polarity to the voltage developed by the expanding field. This voltage now drives transistor 36 into cutoff and transistor 38 into conduction and simultaneously delivers power to the diode bridge 63. Once started, this action alternates, without load, at approximately 50 cycles per second.
The voltage applied to the diode bridge is rectified to a DC potential of about 400 volts, charging capacitor 16 through the coil 20, connected through the minus and plus coil terminals to the negative terminal of the diode bridge. This action takes place as soon as power is applied by turning on the ignition key. Simultaneously, voltage is applied from the battery through diode 76 to capacitor 74 (serving as a filter to reduce any voltage ripple present on the battery supply). This filtered voltage then flows through resister 102 to ground, if the distributor point 12 is closed, or through condenser 104 and the silicon-controlled rectifier gate electrode 96 if the point is open.
Assume that the point is closed and the ignition switch 31 is closed as the first cylinder comes up on compression and reaches the position where the spark plug should be fired, the point 12 opens. The current available at the junction of diode .76 and condenser 74 now flows through resistor 102, condenser 104 and diode 110 to the gate of the silicomcontrolled rectifier 78. This current switches the rectifier on.
When the rectifier turns on, two things happen simultaneously. The silicon-controlled rectifier short circuits the power supply (the energy is absorbed in the transformer 26) and the effect of the short reflected to the primary of transformer 26 removes the drive from transistors 36 and 38 stopping converter operation. The rectifier 78 also connects the positive side of capacitor 16 to the plus coil terminal. This forms a closed circuit consisting of the capacitor 16, silicon-controlled rectifier 78, and coil 20 primary winding. The energy stored in the capacitor 16 is now delivered to the ignition coil 20. The coil primary voltage rises from 0 to 400 volts in approximately 2 microseconds, FIG. 2.
The rise time of a standard ignition coil secondary is slower than the rise time of its primary because of reflected secondary capacitance and primary leakage inductances. A typical secondary rise time is approximately 15 microseconds.
ln the circuit made up of the silicon-controlled rectifier 78, capacitor 16, and coil 20, a resonant circuit is formed between the primary coil inductance and capacitor 16. The flywheel effect of this circuit restores unused energy to the capacitor 16, the capacitor discharge current flows through the rectifier 78 and coil primary creating a magnetic field in the coil 20. Current produced by the coils magnetic field continues to flow in the circuit until the capacitor 16 is charged in a reverse direction to approximately 300 volts.
At this point the current attempts to reverse through the rectifier 78 causing the same to return to its off condition. The direction of current and voltages causes the diode bridge 63 to conduct as a short circuit (all diodes simultaneously in a conduction mode). This current flow discharges the capacitor 16 to zero from its reverse direction and recharges the capacitor 16 toward its normal state. The remaining energy is stored in the circuit. When the current supplied by the coil inductance drops to zero, the bridge returns to a normal state, the load is removed from transformer 26 and normal converter operation resumes.
As designed, the power supply of the present ignition system meets two important requirements: it is stable when short circuited by the rectifier, and it is resistant to parasitic oscillations under those conditions. High frequency or parasitic oscillations could destroy the inverter transistors by feeding power to the diode bridge 63. The rectifier 78 would continue to conduct, causing losses in the transformer and associated circuitry. The inverter transistors 36 and 38 are rated at 7 amperes each. They normally carry a maximum of 2 amperes. Parasitic oscillations would cause the power supply to draw currents of 15 to 20 amperes causing their destruction or require more expensive units.
The normal operating frequency of the power supply, without spark load, is in the 50 to 60 c.p.s. range. Since the spark repetition rate of an eight-cylinder engine a 6,000 r.p.m. is 400 pulses per second, a frequency of 50 cycles will not supply the energy needed. As a result, the power supply changes its repetition rate, as the transformer is reset to a zero flux condition, by the signal coupled back through the diode bridge during the spark cycle. This restarting of the oscillator to follow its load frequency causes the input power to the unit to increase in direct ratio to engine speed. See FIG. 3.
The power supply will deliver full energy to the capacitor at engine speeds over 8,000 r.p.m. Between spark pulses the converter has plenty of time to recharge the capacitor. Since its current drain is low, the ignition circuit operates normally using the ballast-dropping resistor already in most vehicles. This eliminates, in contrast to transistor systems, rewiring the vehicle and/or adding an ignition relay.
As the engine continues to turn off compression, the converter recharges the capacitor for the next compression cycle. This enables the SCR ignition system to deliver much higher energies during the starting cycle than would be possible if the energy were to be stored during the compression cycle when battery voltage is lowest.
This removes the major handicap of SCR capacitive discharge systemsthe inability of the silicon-controlled rectifier to turn off. Since the SCR 78 will always turn off when voltages are removed, and the converter 14 cannot restart due to the reflected load until the SCR is off, it is impossible for this system to refuse to reset between spark pul ses. Thus a primary problem in previous designs of SCR ignitions has been solved.
Since silicon-controlled rectifiers radically change sitivity with temperature, something must be done to supply trigger, or gate, current to fire the SCR over a low temperature range of 50 to 65F. Resistor 102 and capacitor 104 deliberately overdrive the SCR 78 (in current) at the lowest operating temperature and voltage. High temperatures could cause multiple firing of the SCR-this is detrimental to a spark plug life and engine operation. Resistor 118 and diode 120 couple a negative pulse from the ignition coil 20, completely reverse charging condenser 104, as soon as the silicon-controlled rectifier 78 switches on. Diode 112 serves to clamp the potential on condenser 104 at ground potential. This removes the gate pulse and assures that only one complete cycle will be delivered to the coil each time the points open. Diode 116 and resistors 114 and 118 apply a normal reverse-gate voltage to the SCR 78 so that any ripple voltage still in the gate circuit will not cause the SCR to fire except from a definite breaker point signal.
Silicon-controlled rectifiers have another important characteristic in electronic ignition systems. The gate-firing characteristic of the scr is primarily a function of time, as long as the supplied current is above the minimum required to fire same. The modulation characteristic of the transistor is not present. Dirty or contaminated points do not degrade the spark energy. The system of this invention will operate excellently with points that could not be used in either a Kettering or a transistor ignition.
Since silicon-controlled rectifiers may be triggered by a current pulse of very short duration, it is necessary to prevent point bounce on closure. Point bounce problems are one of the inherent limitations to a high-speed point operation. To remove the possibility of refiring by point bounce, diode 110 and resistor 106 introduce a predetermined delay of approximately 1 millisecond in recharging capacitor 104 when the points 12 close. The spark plugs are properly fired in speed ranges much in excess of those of either a standard ignition system or transistor system. Analysis of high-speed operation of the SCR ignition circuit of this invention shows that accurate ignition control of timing may be obtained in excess of 10,000 r.p.m. with only minor care being used in point of adjustment as shown in the graph of FIG. 4.
Resistor 90 is present to discharge capacitor 16 when the ignition switch is opened. This prevents any shock hazard during servicing of the ignition system. Resistors 40 and 42 are basecurrent-limiting resistors controlling the drive currents supplied, and resistors 56 and 58 forward-bias transistors 36 and 38 to assure starting at low temperatures.
Transistor ignition systems, in general, require the removal of the capacitor installed in the distributor. The SCR system of this invention operates either with or without this distributor capacitor. The only effect of the distributor capacitor is to reduce the SCR firing current, since resistor 102 must supply charge current to it as well as condenser 104. Resister 102, however, is sufficiently low in value to supply over two times the maximum required current to the SCR even with the distributor capacitor installed.
Ignition systems with rapid rise time provide better performance in firing fouled plugs-as less total energy is wasted in the fouling resistance. 1f the secondary of the ignition coil is considered to consist of an airgap shunted by resistance, then the energy dissipated in the shunting resistance is directly dependent upon the time required to reach the ionization potential of the airgap. Silicon controlled rectifier systems are capable of very rapid rise times and have the ability to fire spark plugs with low shunting resistance.
The rise time of the SCR system is dependent, to a large extent, on coil characteristics. However, its rise time to fire is more rapid than a Kettering system with the same coil. The SCR ignition unit has been designed to fit existing vehicles without modification but even more rapid rise times-in the 2 microsecond range-could be supplied with a special coil.
The energies delivered by this SCR system to the spark plug are easily controlled by the capacitance value of capacitor 16, but may be raised by increasing the value of this capacitor. As
gate senenergy to the coil primary.
designed, it is capable of delivering milliwatt-seconds of Assuming a coil efficiency of 50 percent, total spark energy delivered would be 40 milliwattseconds or a substantial increase over the energy of standard systems.
lf much higher energies should be needed in the future, system redesign would consist of either increasing the value of capacitor 16 or increasing the voltage supplied by the power supply. The new energy level increases directly with the capacitance or with the square of the voltage.
Thus it will be seen that the energy transfer ignition system of this invention provides energy levels substantially in excess of any present ignition system and ease of control thereof. Further the circuit provides a much more rapid rise time than the known Kettering system using the same coil. Further point life is limited inly by mechanical wear and point condition is relatively unimportant, as is dwell time, providing a system having higher reliability than others now being used. The current load on the battery using this circuit is substantially less than in the Kettering system and only about 20 percent that of most transistor systems.
Referring now to the embodiment of FIG. 5 the circuit includes the usual battery 210 and breaker points 212 which are operated by a portion of the mechanical gearing coupled to a drive shaft. Although the circuit is illustrated as using breaker points as the means of synchronizing operation of the circuit with the movement of the engine, it will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that other control means and methods may be used with equal success that make use of magnetic, photoelectrical or Hall effect characteristics to sense the appropriate moment for firing and develop a control signal suitable to control the ignition circuit of the present invention.
The ignition circuit includes a DC to DC converter 214 to convert the relatively low voltage from battery 210 to a higher voltage for storage, a storage element or capacitor 216, a switching circuit 218 to control the discharge of the storage element 216, a sensing means such as breaker points 212 to sense the relative position of engine parts and actuate switch 218 and a high voltage output transformer 0r coil 220 to transform the voltage stored in capacitor 216 to a high tension voltage which will fire a spark plug. The output circuit includes the usual plurality of spark plugs represented by a single gap 222 and a distributor 224 which may be operated by a mechanical gear means coupled to the drive shaft of the engine. The operation of the distributor and the spark plugs are well known and need not be described here in detail.
The converter 214 includes transformer 226 having a center tapped 227 primary winding 228 connected to the positive terminal of battery 210 via conductor 230 and ignition switch 231. Each end of the primary winding is connected to the base electrode 232 and 234 respectively of transistors 236 and 238 serially through base-current-limiting resistors 240 and 242. Intermediate taps 244 and 246'to either side of the center of the primary winding 228 are connected respectively to the emitter electrodes 248 and 250 of transistors 236 and 238. The collector electrodes 252 and 254 are connected serially through forward bias resistors 256 and 258 to base electrodes 232 and 234 respectively and are further connected to ground potential via conductor 260. The secondary winding 262 of transformer 226 is connected to a diode rectifier bridge 263 comprising diodes 264, 266, 268 and 270. Resistors 256 and 258 of the oscillator converter 214 serve as forward bias resistors enabling the oscillator to start at low temperatures and resistors 240 and 242 set the drive level of the feedback signal to transistors 236 and 238. The negative terminal 282 of the rectified output of bridge 263 is connected via conductor 272 to one end 221 of the primary winding of ignition coil 220, the other end of which is connected serially through storage condenser 216, shunted by resistor 290, to the positive terminal 286 of the bridge rectifier 263. The diodes 264, 266, 268 and 270 of rectifier 263 rectify the output of transformer 226, and in the process due to the filtering action of condenser 216 reduces the spiking" which would otherwise require much higher voltage rated transistors for 236 and238.
The control circuit 218 comprises a silicon-controlled rectifier or SCR 278 having the anode 285 thereof connected to the positive terminal 286 of bridge 263 and the cathode 280 also connected to end 221 of ignition coil 220. The gate electrode 296 thereof is connected serially through condenser 304 to ground. Diode 310 shunted by resistor 306 connects gate 296 and cathode 280. Diode prevents excess reverse voltage from being applied between gate 296 and cathode 280 between firing intervals and during the charging of condenser 304. Resistor 306 serves to reduce the possibility of circuit leakages which might trigger SCR 278. Condenser 304 is an energy storage capacitor which is discharged through SCR 278 to turn on same and energize coil 220 for firing.
The control circuit further includes transistor 130 having the co|lector"l32 thereof connected to cathode 280 of SCR 278 and the emitter 134 thereof is connected through resistor 136 to ground potential and also connected through resistor 138 to battery 210 through switch 231 via conductor 230. The base 140 of transistor 130 is also connected to the battery 210 in similar manner through resistor 142. Resistor 142 is a base bias resistor used to turn transistor 130 on when the points 212 open while resistors 136 and 138 act as a voltage divider to provide a bias during the time the transistor is not conducting in order to prevent false triggering die to primary ripple or noise. The cathode of transistor 130 is connected to battery 210 through resistor 144.
The circuit of FIG. operates as follows: On closure of switch 231, power from battery 210 is applied to the center tap 227 of transformer 226. Since the resistances across transistors 236 and 238 will not be equal, one or the other will draw more current through the transformer primary to ground. The initial current surge produces an induced current to the feedback winding (the end turns of the transformer primary) driving this transistor towards conduction and simultaneously driving the opposite transistor towards cutoff. As
the current rises and reaches the point of transformer core saturation (or where the current can no longer rise due to primary resistance, i.e., ballast resistor) the collapsing magnetic field drives this conducting transistor towards cutoff and switches the opposite transistor on. This occurs with no load or at engine idle at approximately 50 cycles per second. Due to the developed cutoff bias produced by the transformer feedback windings the transistors will operate at much higher temperatures than is possible in a transistor ignition system. The alternating current field induced by this action generates a stepped up voltage in the secondary windings, multiplied by the ratio of the transformer (approximately 25 times the battery voltage), or at nominal battery voltage of 14 volts, approximately 400 volts. This 400-volt output square wave is rectified in the diode bridge 263 and charges capacitor 216 to the peak voltage of 400 volts. Simultaneously with this action, the battery potential applied to the transformer primary also flows through resistor 144 and diode 310 and charges capacitor 304 to the battery potential, points being closed. The system is now ready to fire the coil.
The points, opening, remove the ground from the distributor tenninal, causing the battery voltage, which has been flowing through 142 to ground, to raise the base voltage of transistor 130 to nominal battery voltage, causing it to conduct. The energy stored in capacitor 304 and the current through resistor 144 now discharge through transistor 130 to ground. Since the silicon-controlled rectifier 278 becomes an extremely low resistance when fired, capacitor 216 discharges through SCR 278 and the coil 220, thus developing an applied voltage peak of 400 volts across the coil with a peak surge current of approximately 400' times the coil ratio or with a 200 to 1 ratio coil, 80,000 volts. Since a silicon-controlled rectifier is an extremely rapid switch, the time for the secondary voltage to rise is approximately equal to the turn on time of the silicon-controlled rectifier, or oneor two-millionths of a second.
Due to the inherent inductance of the ignition coil an oscillatory response or flywheel action takes place causing the current to reverse when the capacitor 216 reaches a state of zero charge. Since it is an inherent characteristic of a silicon-controlled rectifier to turn off and become nonconductive when the current becomes zero or is reversed, SCR 278 now turns off and capacitor 216 is recharged by the power supple.
At high engine r.p.m.'s the spark pulse rate approaches 600 cycles per second, and the power supply requires at least onehalf cycle to recharge capacitor 216. it is therefore essential that the converter frequency follow the engine speed. For example, it would be impossible to develop the required amount of energy if the converter were to continue to operate 50 cycles when the spark pulse rate might be 300 or 400 cycles per second. This circuit is unique in that it is so designed that the converter does follow the pulse or spark repetition rate. This is accomplished as follows: During the time that the silicon-controlled rectifier SCR 278 is turned on and discharging capacitor 216, it also places an effective short circuit across the output of the power supply. This absorbs the energy which might be stored in the transformer core and effectively cause the converter to restart, regardless of the state that it may be in during a cycle. lt also might be interpreted that this short circuit reduces the transformer inductance thus allowing it to operate at a much higher frequency. Since the point of interruption, during the oscillator converter cycle, is random, the load tends to divide on alternate half cycles, thus equalizing the energy supplied by transistors 236 and 238. It is also essential that the transformer core be reset on alternate cycles in order to develop sufficient energy. This method of operation insures core resetting.
Thunderbolt is unique in its circuitry since it is the first unit of its type to use a silicon-controlled rectifier in an energy storage system. The variable frequency operation of the oscillator is unique, as is the transistor switching of the silicon-con trolled rectifier. These circuits are the basic heart of the circuits operation, and account for its extreme efficiency and reliability. This method of operation also accounts for the extreme ease of installation, since the efficiencies are many times higher than any ignition system to date. This high eff ciency allows the circuit to operate over extremes of input resistance, and voltages not acceptable by any other ignition system. The circuit of this invention can serve as the primary building block for complete ignition control systems including electrical spark advance and retard.
While there have been described what at present are considered to be the preferred embodiments of this invention, it will be obvious to thoseskilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the invention. It is aimed therefore in the appended claims to cover all such changes and modifications which fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
What is claimed is:
1. An ignition circuit for internal combustion engines and rotating turbine engines having a spark plug in each combustion chamber comprising a source of direct current, a charging circuit including converter means having an input connected to said current source and an output adapted to develop a relatively high DC potential, said converter being substantially devoid of parasitic oscillation on being short circuited, a storage capacitor connected to the converter output to be charged thereby, a discharge circuit including the capacitor, a switching means, and an input winding of an output transformer, said transformer having a winding connected to said spark plugs, sensing means adapted to develop signals in response to the predetermined positioning of an engine part representative of the occurrence of a preselected portion of the engine cycle and control means adapted to actuate said switching means in response to a signal developed by said sensing means and discharge said discharge capacitor through said switching means and said output transformer winding to fire said spark plugs, wherein said control means includes electrical storage means adapted to transfer electrical energy to said switching means to actuate same in response to a signal from said sensing means and a feedback means connected between said output transformer and said electrical storage means adapted to feed a small portion of the electrical energy developed in said output transformer to said electrical storage means to substantially completely reverse charge same on discharge of the discharge capacitor thereby to prevent more than a single effective discharge in the discharge circuit during a single discharge cycle.
2. The circuit of claim 1 including delay means with unidirectional current means adapted to introduce a predetermined time delay before the electrical storage means of the control means can be recharged after a signal from the sensing means has been received and the electrical energy has been transferred.
3. An ignition circuit according to claim 1 wherein the charging circuit includes a converter having a variable repetition rate and being responsive to the application of a low impedance load thereto to interrupt operation and responsive upon removal of such load to resume operation.
4. The circuit of claim 1 wherein said switching means includes rectifier means having a cathode and a switching electrode forming triggers of opposite polarity, signal path means connecting both said cathode and said switching electrode to potentials of opposite polarity to apply a reverse gate voltage thereto in the absence of a developed signal from the sense means.
5. The circuit of claim 4 wherein the signal path means connected to said cathode further includes a unidirectional current means and a charge storage means, which storage means serves to reverse bias the rectifier means whenever the DC potential of the charging circuit falls below the potential of the charge storage means.
6. An ignition circuit for internal combustion engines and rotating turbine engines having a spark plug in each combustion chamber comprising: a source of direct current; a DC to DC converter connected thereto including a pair of transistors, transformer means coupling said transistors through the primary winding thereof to provide a variable frequency oscillator circuit including a portion of the transformer primary winding in the feedback circuit thereof, and rectifier means connected across the secondary winding of said transformer to rectify the output signals developed in the secondary winding of the converter transformer; an output transformer having a primary winding and an output winding; a storage capacitor serially connected across the output of said converter; switching means also connected across the output of the converter in parallel with said output transformer and said capacitor; control means adapted to actuate said switch means to provide a short circuit low impedance electrical path therethrough for the discharge of an electrical charge stored in the storage capacitor through the output transformer and at the same time by means of a reflected load from the secondary winding of the converter transformer to the primary winding thereof to effectively remove the drive to the transistor oscillators and momentarily interrupt the operation of the converter, which operation will resume upon the opening of said switching means; and, sensing means responsive to the movement of component parts of an engine to develop signals as a function of time representative of the proper timing to be applied to said control means to actuate said switch means and apply firing potential to the spark plugs from said output winding in timed relation to the movement of the engine, wherein said control means includes electrical storage means adapted to transfer electrical energy to said switching means to actuate same in response to a signal from said sensing means and a feedback means connected between said output transformer and said electrical storage means adapted to feed a small portion of the electrical energy developed in said output transformer to said electrical storage means to substantially completely reverse charge same on discharge of the discharge capacitor thereby to prevent more than a single effective discharge in the discharge circuit during a sin le discharge cycle.
7. lhe circuit of claim 6 including delay means adapted to introduce a predetermined time delay before the electrical storage means of the control means can be recharged after a signal from the sensing means has been received and the electrical energy has been transferred.
8. The circuit of claim 6 wherein said switching means includes rectifier means having a cathode and a switching electrode forming triggers of opposite polarity, signal path means connecting both said cathode and said switching electrode to potentials of opposite polarity to apply a reverse gate voltage thereto in the absence of a developed signal from the sensing means.
9. The circuit of claim 8 wherein the signal path means connected to said cathode further includes a unidirectional current means and a charge storage means, which storage means serves to reverse bias the rectifier means wherever the DC potential of the charging circuit falls below the potential of the charge storage means.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Nov 14, 1955
|Jun 3, 1958
|Motordyne Inc
|Power oscillators
|Apr 21, 1958
|Aug 9, 1960
|Engineering Associates Inc Com
|Transistor power supply
|Feb 6, 1959
|Mar 21, 1961
|Globe Union Inc
|Oscillator ignition system
|Jul 14, 1959
|May 1, 1962
|Dec 21, 1959
|Sep 25, 1962
|Dozier Jr James J
|Ignition system for internal combustion engines
|Jun 17, 1960
|Feb 19, 1963
|Internal combustion engines ignition systems
|Apr 5, 1962
|Nov 23, 1965
|Gen Motors Corp
|Controlled rectifier ignition system
|Oct 14, 1963
|May 17, 1966
|Shell Oil Co
|Electronic ignition system
|Sep 27, 1963
|Apr 4, 1967
|Straza Ind
|Condenser discharge using silicon controlled rectifier control means
|Nov 16, 1964
|Jul 4, 1967
|Stearns Dick E
|Ignition system suitable for internal combustion engines
|Nov 16, 1964
|Jul 18, 1967
|Eltra Corp
|Contactless ignition system
|June 1964 issue of Popular Electronics (Patent Office Scientific Library Date Stamp of Receipt on May 11, 1964) pages 33 44 inclusive and pages 85, 86, and 87.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Dec 4, 1989
|Nov 6, 1990
|Injection Research Specialists, Inc.
|Two-cycle engine with electronic fuel injection
|Mar 20, 2002
|Aug 10, 2004
|Harison Toshiba Lighting Corp.
|Electric discharge lamp and electric discharge lamp drive apparatus
|Mar 20, 2002
|May 27, 2004
|Eiji Abe
|Electric discharge lamp and electric discharge lamp drive apparatus
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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HN-TMG004 Concept One
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Coffee Tables, Living Rooms, View Rugs, Design Interiors, Wall Color, Interiors Design, Paintings Color, Wallcolor, Global View
stenciled rug inspiration (living room, rug, paint color, furniture)
Love the rug. Wallcolor
GLOBAL VIEWS RUG ARABESQUE GREY/ Layla Grace. and coffee table
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Global Views Rug Arabesque Grey from Layla Grayce - Like this color for formal living room.
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Dining Room Decor Idea, Luxury Interior Design, Boca do Lobo, Exclusive Design, Best Dining Room Decor, Dining Table Tredns, Lighting Inspirations. For More News: http://www.bocadolobo.com/en/news-and-events/
love the Eames chairs, chandelier, and grey wall colour
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Grey walls + white trim, doors, and baseboards + white table + white chairs + chandelier + dark floors + mirror + table decor = the dining room
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White & Grey Bedroom. LOVE.
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Beautiful carpets! #interiorjunkie #interiorinspiration #homedeco #home #living #homeiswheretheheartis #carpets #homeinspiration
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Love the comfy pillows and color scheme
house. home. living room
Interior Design Ideas
Modern rustic living. Rustic spaces could be elegant and chic as well. Get it to your living room, bedroom or even dining room. Learn how to create the best ambiences! Check out http://www.pinterest.com/homedsgnideas/ for more amazing ideas.
love the layered rugs & huge knit pillows. COZY living room!
the pillows make this minimalistic design feel cozy- the asymetry works well in this space - a rug made out of less expensive rugs is a great idea and leads the eye to the cozy focal point of the room - decor
Instead of painting a wall a solid color, add interest with stripes in varying shades of the same color. Horizontal stripes look chic and elongate a room visually. Photo: The Nest
Grey Couch, Decor Rooms, Decor Style, Decor Ideas, Stripes Wall, Paintings Stripes, Solid Color, Gray Stripes, Accent Wall
Paint Stripes Instead of painting a wall a solid color, add interest with stripes in varying shades of the same color. Horizontal stripes look chic and elongate a room visually.
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great accent wall
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dark walls light drapes - Sitting room plus little office! Love this for the front room on my house with nothing in it but junk!!
Woods Tables, Tables Legs, Of Villatt, Astier De, Color, Kitchens Tables, Interiors Design, Dining, Purple Flower
love the contrast of the worn wood..pretty dishes, pretty table legs
That table is splendid and so simple are the white plates and purple flowers (purple…for a spot of color that "just works") yet so much beauty do they withhold!!! Inspires me!!! -K.S.
greige: interior design ideas and inspiration for the transitional home : Gorgeous in Grey
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love the kitchen table color
Astier de Villatte and my fav hyacinth color
Decor Ideas, Bedrooms Decor Yves, Linens Sheet, Yves Delorm, Decor Inspiration, Beds Linens, Baroque Sheet, Delorm Baroque, Bedrooms Ideas
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Beautiful bed linen - varying grays by ACHICA
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grey bedroom Interior Designer Lee Ledbetter, image via Architectural Digest
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Beautiful gray door
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Charcoal Gray Front Door --- why are handles in the middle of old doors?
Knock knock
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beautiful door knocker.
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reading corner
Idea for stairs to basement
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Basement reading nook
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<3 the wall color
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Gray rocks - inspired by nature
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ode to the zen garden...
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round flat rocks
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greige paint colors. I think I like Hazy Skies for our living room, and Wheat Bread for our bedroom!
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Sherwin Williams- Mindful Gray paint. For the spare bedroom.
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insprasjon 7.nov
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Cozy Christmas Candles
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text:
Special Issue Reviews–A Peer Reviewed Forum
Development of the external genitalia: Conserved and divergent mechanisms of appendage patterning
Article first published online: 4 APR 2011
DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22631
Copyright © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Developmental Dynamics
Special Issue: Special Issue on Limb Development
Volume 240, Issue 5, pages 1108–1115, May 2011
Additional Information
How to Cite
Cohn, M. J. (2011), Development of the external genitalia: Conserved and divergent mechanisms of appendage patterning. Dev. Dyn., 240: 1108–1115. doi: 10.1002/dvdy.22631
Publication History
- Issue published online: 20 APR 2011
- Article first published online: 4 APR 2011
- Manuscript Accepted: 23 FEB 2011
Funded by
- HHMI, NIEHS. Grant Number: ES017099
- NICHD. Grant Number: HD54554
- NSF. Grant Number: IOB 0843590
- Abstract
- Article
- References
- Cited By
- limb bud;
- genital tubercle;
- appendages;
- urethra;
- digits
Over the past decade, the genetics of external genital development have begun to be understood. Male and female external genitalia develop from the genital tubercle. The early tubercle has a superficial resemblance to the limb bud, but an important distinction is that the limb consists of only mesoderm and ectoderm, whereas the genital tubercle also has an endodermal component, the urethral epithelium. Urethral epithelium, which expresses Sonic hedgehog, acts as a signaling region that controls outgrowth and pattern formation, and ultimately differentiates into the urethral tube. While there are intriguing parallels between limb and genital development, recent studies have identified some key differences, including the role of Fgf signaling. Our understanding of the mechanisms of genital development still lags far behind the limb, and major questions remain to be answered, including the molecular nature of the signals that initiate genital budding, sustain outgrowth, induce tissue polarity and orchestrate urethral tubulogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 240:1108–1115, 2011. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.


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In an interview with Germany's {Der
Spiegel}, Italian Prime Minister Mario Monti says he "can
understand that they [governments] must show consideration for
their parliament. But at the end of the day, every country in the
European Union has a parliament as well as a constitutional
court. And of course each government must be oriented according
to decisions made by parliament. But every government also has a
duty to educate parliament. If I had stuck to the guidelines of
my parliament in an entirely mechanical way, then I wouldn't even
have been able to agree to the decisions that were made at the
most recent (EU) summit in Brussels."
"Why not?" Spiegel asks.
Monti replied: "I was given the task of pushing through
Euro-bonds at the summit. If governments let themselves be fully
bound by the decisions of their parliaments without protecting
their own freedom to act, a breakup of Europe would be a more
probable outcome than deeper integration."
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Win a Trip to the Football Game of Your Choice
The weather is getting cooler, everything is pumpkin-flavored, and your favorite team is back on the gridiron.
The weather is getting cooler, everything is pumpkin-flavored, and your favorite team is back on the gridiron.
The Denver Broncos are now America's Team? Well, that's according to The Harris Poll, which surveyed 2,543 adults. The nationwide poll was taken from Sept. 10-17.
On Sunday night, the Philadelphia Eagles gave the New York Giants a beating inside Lincoln Financial Field. Outside the field, Sonny Forriest, Jr., a proud Eagles fan wasn't having such a good time enjoying the win. A woman jumped on Forriest's lap, broke his microphone, and stole his prosthetic leg.
The UTEP Miners got back on the winning track by beating the Old Dominion Monarchs 42-35 this past Saturday at the Sun Bowl. The Miners rushing attack was once again outstanding as UTEP rushed for 334 yards.
Sean Kugler was as good as his word. After getting thrashed, 55-3, at Louisiana Tech, the Miners head coach promised changes in lineups and procedures. There were, and UTEP beat Old Dominion in its centennial homecoming game, 42-35.
This kind of MMA fighting needs to make its way to the states.
Michelle Jenneke is the subject we'll be studying in this set of hot GIFs. What exactly is it about this Olympic hurdler that we find so irresistible? Let's find out!
Triple-A baseball team? Check.
Downtown ballpark? Check.
Changing hearts and minds in El Paso? Check.
A Major League Soccer franchise? Weeellll...
There are very few teams in professional sports with the kind of passionate fans the Los Angeles Dodgers have.
Last night viewers of WWE Monday Night Raw got quite a surprise when "The Rock" made an appearance on Raw for the first time this year when came out and confronted the Russian wrestler Rusev.
What Louisiana Tech did to the UTEP Miners Saturday looked worse than what Kansas State did the weekend before. "Blowout" doesn't begin to describe it. Miners head coach Sean Kugler acknowledges every aspect of the Bulldogs' 55-3 win. He also acknowledges that responsibility lies mainly with him.
The Dallas Cowboys are off to a 4-1 start this year, with no help from their fans. They beat the Texans last night at home, but there were so many Texans fans in the stadium that Tony Romo said it felt like an away game.


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The crew of the Coast Guard Cutter Diligence is scheduled to return to their homeport in Wilmington Saturday following a 45-day patrol in the Caribbean Sea.
During their patrol,
Fathom has engaged 44-year cruise industry veteran Maurice Zarmati to work with the burgeoning company. Fathom, which provides a different kind of cruise that
The Port of Palm Beach District announced that Moody's Investors Service, Inc. upgraded the Port of Palm Beach District senior rating to Baa3 from Ba1, and reported the outlook to be stable.


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The Fort Stewart Enlisted Spouses' Club recently installed new officers for the fiscal year 2009-10. Frankie Andrews emceed the candlelit ceremony, during which the new board was installed.
A yellow "Dead End" sign provides one of the few vibrant colors along the frayed edges of Rebecca Street.
Homeless coalition moves forward, becomes state recognized corporation
Liberty County Extension Agent Robert Bell spoke at the May 5 meeting of the Goldenheirs Club.
Georgia Cities Week Liberty County history trivia winners were recently announced:
The state opened a new program Monday to help parents of small children weigh their options for child care.
Even after Friday's rain, more than 70 riders put thunder in Stafford Park Saturday with a dice run to raise money for the Georgia Lions' Camp for the Blind.
Amid economic woes, the Savannah-Chatham County Public Schools triumphed, raising $98,000 for the annual Kiss-A-Pig campaign for the American Diabetes Association.
Midway Mayor Donald Robert Emmons is currently serving his first term as the leader of a city in one of Georgia's most historic areas. As a native of Washington, he is a long way from home, but Emmons said he's excited about his assignment.
Matt and Jodi Woods of Gum Branch have begun their training for the 2009 Susan G. Komen 3-Day Breast Cancer Walk. It is a 60-mile walk over a three-day period. The event is Oct. 23-25 in Atlanta.
Some people are known by the many words they speak while others say relatively little, but leave an awesome impression.
SAVANNAH - Twenty local women - philanthropists and community leaders - recently formed the United Way's Women's Legacy Council. The members share a common mission: to make a difference in the lives of women and children in the Coastal Empire through philanthropy and service.
LUDOWICI - The 2009 miss Ludowici was crowned recently during a pageant in the Long County High School cafeteria.
The Liberty County Commission is participating in the summer food program to provide meals to children.
Among the numerous and voluminous historic documents in her file cabinets, Mary Beth Evans has an 1860 Census showing that there were approximately three times as many slaves, 6,000, as others living in Liberty County right before the Civil War.
The Lowcountry Down Syndrome Society recently announced plans for the 10th annual Buddy Walk to be at 10 a.m. Saturday, Oct. 3, in Forsyth ...
The Savannah-area McDonalds restaurants surprised Jaden Hayes with a donation of more than 15,000 toys Saturday.
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Italian Gin MARCONI 46 at FoodPark by Lorenzo Cogo09 July 2015
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LongHorn SteakhouseFebruary 2, 2012Steakhouse • Denham Springs, United States
Ask for Beth or Phillip!!!!
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Omg the cookies are the best!!! Only a $1.00!!!!
Margo or Richard are the best to have wait on you! Also the crab and crawfish bake is a must!!!!!
The raspberry chocolate martini is to die for!


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Cambridge's Salt Fork Arts & Crafts Festival to return next Summer
Salt Fork Arts & Crafts Festival to return next summer Greg Parks The Daily... More
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We talk about some dark subjects in this column, but it's nice to have balance. So grab a cup of... More
In what order does the Obama administration rank the biggest external threats to America's... More
"The dream begins with a teacher who believes in you, who tugs and pushes and leads you to the... More
The year 2016 is nearly upon us and we once again will go to the polls to elect a new president... More
Our local library system houses a special research collection that many residents don't realize... More
If elected president, Hillary Clinton has promised to spend $350 billion to make college "more... More
Editor: The column by Cal Thomas in Wednesday's (08/12/2015) edition of The Daily Jeffersonian... More
The notion that if you don't exercise, you get fat does not seem the basis for scientific study... More
WASHINGTON -- It is perhaps time to stop wondering what The Donald's got that the others ain't... More
Fred sat on the porch swing admiring his prize. An opossum was curled at his feet, lying very... More
The green is gathering, growing and getting people in Toledo and all along the western basin of... More
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Fifty years after President Lyndon Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act that guaranteed... More
WASHINGTON (AP) -- A court challenge over the difficult process for airline passengers to remove... More
The state Board of Education is made up of 19 members, 11 who are elected and eight who are... More
Twenty-four million people tuned in to watch the first primetime debate among 10 Republican... More
Loyal Jeffersonian readers might remember my horse, Misha. Because she was potty-trained and... More
As if we did not already know it before Fox News' Republican presidential debate in Cleveland,... More
Our trip that cold and rainy Saturday morning was to their doctor in town. I didn't know what... More
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Faced with an international outcry, the Dominican Republic has wisely pulled back on a threat to... More
CLEVELAND -- There he was, center stage, with the hair and the scowl and the bigger-than-life... More


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Dos Cabezas RBI Better Than Uno
Yaniel Cabezas lined a walk-off bases-loaded RBI single into the LF corner with one out in the bottom of the 9th, as the Cubs rallied for two runs in the final frame to edge the Giants 3-2 in AZ Instructional League action this afternoon at Fitch Park Field #3 in Mesa.
Down 2-1, the EXTREMELY patient Garrett Schlecht led off the bottom of the 9th for the Cubs by drawing a walk on a 3-2 pitch. Rubi Silva then laid down what was intended to be a sacrifice bunt, but it turned out to be a bunt single as the Giants third-baseman could not make a play. Danny Lockhart followed by laying down another bunt, and this time the ball was fielded by the third-baseman, but the throw to 1st base ticked-off the second-baseman's glove and into RF foul territory, allowing Schlecht to score from 2nd base with the tying run, Silva to advance to 3rd, and Lockhart to take 2nd base. The Giants opted to pitch to hot-hitting (429/551/857) Micah Gibbs, but he drew a walk anyway, loading the bases with no outs. Neftali Rosario then struck out swinging with the bases loaded, leaving it up to Yaniel Cabezas. And Cabezas came through, hammering a line-drive into the LF corner to score Silva from 3rd base and give the Cubs the victory.
Cabezas drove-in the first Cubs run as well, ripping an opposite-field RBI single over the second-baseman's head with one out in the bottom of the 4th, driving-in Micah Gibbs from 3rd base. Gibbs had reached base on a lead-off triple (near HR) off the right-centerfield fence.
The 22-year old Cabezas was a Cuban defector who signed with the Cubs last December for a reported $500K bonus. Cabezas played on the Cuban Junior National Team and for Los Vaqueros de La Habana (Serie Nacional) with fellow Cubs minor leaguer 2B-OF Rubi Silva. Cabezas and Silva defected together, and both players signed with the Cubs on the same day (12-15-2010), with Silva getting a reported $1M bonus.
While Silva had a good first year in the U. S. (he hit 285/305/392 combined between Peoria & Daytona, and he was 4th in the MWL in triples), Cabezas struggled at the plate with the AZL Cubs and at Boise (combined 202/284/260). However, Cabezas did hit a team-leading 356/402/520 with a team-leading 17 RBI in 82 PA with the EXST Cubs in April & May prior to the start of the short-season leagues in June, and was arguably the EXST Cubs MVP. (Cabezas also threw out 27% of opposing base-stealers in 44 games behind the plate with AZL Cubs & Boise).
Cabezas is currently hitting 348/423/391 and playing solid defense behind the plate at Instructs (which is approximately equivalent to Boise), and despite his offensive struggles with the AZL Cubs and the Boise Hawks in 2011, I think it is likely that he will be the #1 catcher at Peoria on Opening Day 2012.
RHP Dillon Maples (Cubs 2011 14th round draft pick - $2.5M bonus) made his second Instructs appearance, throwing two shutout innings (28 pitches - 15 strikes). He allowed a single and a double, and he hit a batter (and almost hit two more). He was behind on almost every hitter, and the outs he did get were mainly ground balls on low-90's two-seamers (and he did not rack up any strike outs). He also benefitted from a CS. But at least he looked better than he did in his pro debut last week, when he walked three and couldn't retire the side before reaching his pitch limit.
Ex-Cubs Shawon Dunston, Sr and Lee Smith were at the game today (both are serving as instructors with the Giants), so Shawon Sr got a chance to see his son play (although Shawon Jr is presently buried deep in a 1-25 slump).
Here is the abridged box score (Cubs players only):
1. Rubi Silva, 2B: 2-4 (4-3, 1B, 5-3, 1B, R)
2. Danny Lockhart, 3B: 0-3 (L-1, 6-3, 4-3, SH-E4)
3. Micah Gibbs, 1B: 1-2 (BB, 3B, 1-4-3, BB, R)
4. Neftali Rosario, DH-C: 0-4 (K, K, 6-3, K)
5. Yaniel Cabezas, C-DH: 2-4 (K, 1B, 4-3, 1B, 2 RBI)
6. Shawon Dunston, Jr, LF: 0-2 (4-3, 1-3 SH, 3-1)
7. Trey Martin, CF: 0-3 (6-3, K, F-7)
8. Justin Marra, DH #2: 1-3 (1B, P-4, L-1)
9. Carlos Penalver, SS: 1-3 (6-4-3 DP, 1B, F-8)
10. Garrett Schlecht, RF: 1-2 (1B, F-8, BB, R)
1. Zac Rosscup: 1.0 IP, 1 H, 0 R, 1 BB, 2 K, 21 pitches (10 strikes), 0/1 GO/FO
2. Dillon Maples: 2.0 IP, 2 H, 0 R, 0 BB, 0 K, 1 HBP, 28 pitches (15 strikes), 4/1 GO/FO
3. Matt Spencer: 1.2 IP, 3 H, 1 R (1 ER), 1 BB, 2 K, 1 WP, 30 pitches (18 strikes), 2/1 GO/FO
4. Amaury Paulino: 1.1 IP, 0 H, 0 R, 0 BB, 3 K, 22 pitches (13 strikes), 0/1 GO/FO
5. Felix Pena: 2.0 IP, 2 H, 1 R (1 ER), 0 BB, 3 K, 23 pitches (18 strikes), 2/1 GO/FO
6. Scott Weismann: 1.0 IP, 0 H, 0 R, 0 BB, 1 K, 13 pitches (9 strikes)
1. SS Carlos Penalver - E-6 (throwing error allowed batter to reach base safely)
2. C Neftali Rosario - E-2 (dropped pop foul fly)
1. Yaniel Cabezas: 1-3 CS
2. Neftali Rosario: 1 E (see above)
WEATHER: Sunny with a gentle breeze, and with temperatures in the 80's
Re: Dos Cabezas RBI Better Than Uno
Any velocity readings on Paulino? The line looks really nice - did the stuff match up with it?
Re: Dos Cabezas RBI Better Than Uno
Hey Phil,
Any thoughts on who might be the most exciting player at instructs this year?
Re: Dos Cabezas RBI Better Than Uno
Thanks, AZ!
Re: Dos Cabezas RBI Better Than Uno
Just wondering, what are your thoughts on Rosscup and Weismann? Any chance they could make it to Chicago, or are they just organizational guys?
Re: Dos Cabezas RBI Better Than Uno
Rosscup and Weismann are dead.
Re: Dos Cabezas RBI Better Than Uno
What does Spencer hit on radar gun? Listened to Smokies broadcast one night when he did mopup/blowout duty and announcer said stadium gun showed 99. Likely inaccurate, but he threw in low 90's as 18 year old at high school near here. Can he help as pitcher?
Re: Dos Cabezas RBI Better Than Uno
I don't know if this us 3/44, but Pete Gammons says the Astros are moving to the AL. I always thought it was bullshit having 6 teams in the NL Central. This certainly can't hurt the Cubs chances of making it to the promise land, even though the Astros are turrible.
Re: Dos Cabezas RBI Better Than Uno
This certainly can't hurt the Cubs chances of making it to the promise land
Couldn't it? Doesn't the extreme suckitude of one (or more *ahem Pirates) team in the division increase the chances of winning the Wild Card?
If it happens, I'll miss watching games played in that park. I'll also miss Cubs domination of the shitty-ass Astros lineup. Wood's 20-k game and Zambrano's no-hitter both came against the Astros. Even Ryan O'Malley managed 8 innings of shutout ball against them in 2006 and had casual fans around the net campaigning for him to have a rotation spot in 07.
Re: Dos Cabezas RBI Better Than Uno
They were also NL champs in 2005.
Re: Dos Cabezas RBI Better Than Uno
Yeah, too remember that shitty-ass Astros lineup that Wood dominated. This was a team that only won 102 games and lead the league in runs scored.
They only made the playoff six times (and as noted the WS once with 6x2nd place non playoff finishes) since the NL Central started. They're definitely much worse than our beloved Cubs (4 playoffs, no WS and no additional 2nd place finishes).
Re: Dos Cabezas RBI Better Than Uno
Yeah, the Wood case was different. The shitty Astro offenses I'm remembering are mostly the last 3-4 years. And the Astros are not the perennial losers that the Pirates have been. The only way the Astros not being in the division could even hurt the Cubs slightly is in the short term--as their franchise rebuilds--and that's only in the sense that having a couple teams to beat up on slightly improves a team's chances for the Wild Card.
Zambrano did seem to love to face the Astros, especially in Houston. But Zambrano is probably gone, too.
Recent comments
I think it's probably hard to adjust to an ump's zone mid-game, as least for hitters. Pitchers can locate to an ump's zone, but hitters have minimal time to react.
But, whatever. Umps are going to miss calls. Let's beat up on the non-Lackey starters.
Watched a little of Mets-Dodgers.
Jason deGrom -- oh, my.
Cubs 3-4-5 hitters are 0-21 so far in the post-season.
Let's change that in a big effin' way tomorrow, boys.
Considering how players reacted it seemed pretty accurate high and wide (to righties), but not so accurate low and in. I thought the strike zone by the ump was awful, but it was consistent and the Cubs never adjusted.
Rizzo and Bryant need to have good at bats. They are really looking outclassed in these two games.
that game sounds fun as hell.
I was just wondering the same thing. I'd rather not see it at all. If it's inaccurate, it's a bad viewer experience. If it's accurate, it shows some shitty calling by the umpire.
TBS' K Zone seems to be more harsh than the others.
I wonder if MLB will ask the networks to stop using them. They just make the umps, and the game, look bad, and it only pisses off the fans.
"Strop vs. Cardinals." Seen the movie. Hated it.
Not all that disappointed -- I didn't think they would beat Lackey in Game 1. Need to get the bats going against the guys with less experience -- and they hit Wacha pretty good.
Rizzo has been slumping the last couple weeks of the season. Very disappointed it has continued during his penultimate moment of his career to date.
Really doesn't matter, but I was surprised to see Lester pulled and Strop pulled in. Should of left Lester in. oy.
Sweet merciful fuck, I hate the Cardinals.
*flips table*
Really doesn't matter, but I was surprised to see Lester out for the 8th. Down 1-0, at 100 pitches, seemed better to give a very fresh bullpen a little work.
Oh well...Throw away game, although in a 5 game series there is no luxury afforded to do that.
This game is not on Lester - he did his job
Had a lot of hope hanging on that deep Fowler fly in the sixth.
Really despise the Cards


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Stopped for the night
Another 6 hour drive and we had to just call it a day to recharge.
Days Inn was all that was "pet friendly" but actually a nice place, right on the lake.
Tomorrow, we plan to head south for a place to spend a couple of days and then toward Columbus, Ohio.
Goal is to be home by Saturday to re-charge before next Monday....
Day 2: Cheboygan, Michigan - Where to?
After driving through much of Michigan, to include the wild turkey and elk capitals of the state, we arrived for the night in Cheboygan. It was originally an Ojibwe Indian settlement and stands on the northern reaches of Lake Huron. Yesterday's drive was nice and our tour along the back roads and country lanes of Michigan alternated between fields of corn and sugar beets and stands of evergreens. So where to? First to Mackinac Island with Shepler's Ferry. Boarding ...
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Skirting the edge of town, we made our way to Mike and Terri's home. Chris' parents live about five miles from Charlevoix proper, and have ...
Lower Michigan
... have any real plans for the day. We wound up relaxing most of the morning and watching the full stage of the Tour d' France and heading off in search of adventure about Noon. We wanted to explore Gaylord and go in search of Elk...the big draw in the area.
The old part of downtown Gaylord is quite quaint and attractive. We walked around a little bit and picked up some maps to help us on our ...
Sault Ste. Marie to Gaylord Michigan
... up for any deviations from the famous itinerary. It's been a long day of driving but we made it to Gaylord Michigan, Bob Evans restaurant next to the hotel, so we don't even need to get back in the Tahoe today. After a big supper Ciera and I decided to walk to Walmart to get snack and drinks for tomorrow's drive, the old guy didn't come with us....claims he's allergic to Walmart....pffft! Tomorrows destination Niagara ...