text:
Yes, you can!
Every year, over 50,000 people just like you set foot in Tanzania to climb Kilimanjaro, the world's tallest free-standing mountain and Africa's highest peak.
Mount Kilimanjaro is a place of myth and folklore. Located 200 miles (325 km) from the equator, the mountain defies logic with its crown of ice.
Climbing Kilimanjaro does not require any technical skills or special equipment, just some physical fitness and determination. People from all walks of life, from a 7 year old child to an 85 year old man, have successfully summited. But the challenge should not be taken lightly. You need to understand what lies ahead. Rest assured, you will find the answers to all your questions here - at Ultimate Kilimanjaro®.
We are, quite simply, the #1 guiding service on the Kilimanjaro. As the best Kilimanjaro tour operator, we provide the highest quality service at a reasonable cost. That's why over 1,000 people climb with us annually, and why past clients refer us to their friends and family. Thousands of people have stood on the summit of Mount Kilimanjaro with us. Won't you join us on the roof of Africa?
We invite you to explore our site for the most complete and accurate information on climbing Mount Kilimanjaro.
|Mount Kilimanjaro Quick Facts
|19,340 ft (5,895 m)
|60 miles x 40 miles (100 km x 65 km)
|Tanzania, near Kenyan border in East Africa
|Kibo, Mawenzi, Shira
|Bushland, Forest, Heath, Alpine, Arctic
|Nearby Cities:
|Moshi, Arusha
|Nearby Airport:
|Kilimanjaro International Airport (JRO)
|Tanzania Quick Facts
|38 million
|365,000 sq miles (945,000 sq kms)
|$2.5 billion
|Muslim, Indigenous Beliefs, Christian
|English, Swahili, Arabic
|Tanzanian Shilling ($1=2,100 TSh 6/01/2015)
|Time Zone:
|GMT + 3 hrs
|230V, Plugs D&G
As the #1 guide service on Kilimanjaro, we strive for continuous improvement to provide the ultimate experience for our clients. What makes Ultimate Kilimanjaro® the best operator on Mount Kilimanjaro?
Ultimate Kilimanjaro®, the #1 guide service on Mount Kilimanjaro, is giving away a free trip to climb Kilimanjaro. The trip is good for one spot on any open group climb departing in 2016.
From April 2015 to September 2015, we will randomly draw one finalist at the end of each month to be eligible for the grand prize. There will be six finalists. Then, on October 15, 2015, we will randomly pick one grand prize winner from our six finalists to climb Kilimanjaro for free - up to a $3,200 value. And if you have already booked a 2016 group climb with us, we will refund the winner the cost of the climb!
Visit our contest site Climb Kilimanjaro for Free for entry details.
We are honored to be working with The Heroes Project, a non profit organization that supports climbing programs for wounded veterans by putting them on some of the highest summits around the world. This year, The Heroes Project and Ultimate Kilimanjaro® will lead injured veteran Julian Torres to the top of Mount Kilimanjaro.
The expedition, called Operation Kilimanjaro 2015, will put the team at the top of Kilimanjaro on Veteran's Day, November 11th.
Congratulations to Congresswoman Kyrsten Sinema for successfully climbing Mount Kilimanjaro. Sinema climbed with Ultimate Kilimanjaro® on the 8 day Lemosho route and summited on Christmas morning. Below is her tweet and testimonial:
"What an incredible trip! I enjoyed superb views, delicious food, and good company. Ultimate Kilimanjaro® is a great company to hire for this amazing experience!" -- Kyrsten Sinema, United States Representative
The U.S. Representative from Arizona is a marathon runner and completed an Ironman Triathlon earlier in the year, which included a 2.4 mile swim, a 112-mile cycling ride and a 26.2 mile run. Now she adds climbing Mount Kilimanjaro to her list of achievements.
Tim Ward, best selling author of What the Buddha Never Taught, Savage Breast and Arousing the Goddess, successfully climbed Mount Kilimanjaro with Ultimate Kilimanjaro®. His first hand account of his journey is available in his book, Zombies on Kilimanjaro, a humorous and thoughtful literary travel narrative.
Book Description
A father and son climb Mount Kilimanjaro. On the journey to the roof of Africa they traverse the treacherous terrain of fatherhood, divorce, dark secrets and old grudges, and forge an authentic adult relationship. The high-altitude trek takes them through some of the weirdest landscapes on the planet, and the final all-night climb to the frozen summit tests their endurance. On the way to the top father and son explore how our stories about ourselves can imprison us in the past, and the importance of letting go.The mountain too has a story to tell, a story about climate change and the future of humankind - a future etched all too clearly on Kilimanjaro's retreating glaciers.
Ultimate Kilimanjaro® trucker hats and fleece beanies are now available on Amazon.com. You can wear our stylish gear and look great whether you are climbing Kilimanjaro or just hanging around your hometown. Buy one and get one free - that's just $10 for two items! Enter code OJL4B236 at checkout.
Our cotton twill Ultimate Kilimanjaro® Trucker Hat has our logo embroidered in front with a mesh back and adjustable strap. Our Ultimate Kilimanjaro® Fleece Beanie has our logo embroidered in front and is made of warm polyester fleece with a wicking lining.
You have probably heard the news about the ongoing Ebola epidemic in Africa. As of January 5, 2015, there have been approximately 20,600 reported cases, with nearly 100% of these cases originating in West Africa (Sierra Leone, Guinea, Liberia).
There is virtually zero risk of exposure to Ebola while in Tanzania. As the map illustrates, the outbreak is many thousands of miles away. Ebola is transmitted through direct contact with an infected person's body fluids. Infected people are not contagious during the incubation period, and only become contagious with the onset of symptoms. Therefore people who are most at risk are health care workers and families of infected people, not tourists.
While we understand your concern and care for your safety, it is safe to continue with your Kilimanjaro plans until further notice. We will monitor the situation very closely and notify our clients of any changes.
If any confirmed cases of Ebola arise in Tanzania, we will allow clients to reschedule their climb without any penalty for up to a full year later. Therefore, you can book with confidence!
Learn more about Ebola here.


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Environmental Management Companies in Lithuania
Category: Environmental Management ×
Subcategory: Environmental Management ×
Industry: Automobile & Ground Transport ×
Location: Europe ×
Location: Lithuania ×
based in Leinfelden-Echterdingen, GERMANY
thinkstep is the global leader in sustainability performance management. Our data, drawn from more than 7,000 datasets, is unrivalled in its scope and rigour, and permits precise sustainability calculations across all parts of the supply chain. Our software is robust, convenient to use and available on-demand or as part of a complex, configurable solution. Our services ...
Rivo Software Ltd.
based in Warwick, UNITED KINGDOM
Rivo Software is a world leading enterprise safety, security and sustainability platform. We unlock value by providing technology for managing safety, security and sustainability, resulting in increased efficiency, performance and protection of people, assets and reputations. We use our expertise to continually evolve our technology platform maintaining superior quality ...
LRQA Limited
based in Coventry, UNITED KINGDOM
Lloyd`s Register Quality Assurance (LRQA) is the world`s leading provider of independent assessment services including certification, validation, verification and training across a broad spectrum of standards and schemes, with recognition from over 50 accreditation bodies.
Perillon Software Inc.
based in Littleton, MASSACHUSETTS (USA)
Perillon Software delivers comprehensive cloud-based Operational Risk & Compliance Management solutions to mid to large-sized companies in energy, power, industrial, manufacturing and process industries. As the technology leader, Perillon helps Environmental, Health, Safety and Quality (EHS&Q) professionals at all levels in the organization measure, manage and analyze ...
based in Herndon, VIRGINIA (USA)
BSI is the business standards company that helps organizations all over the world make excellence a habit. For more than a century we have been challenging mediocrity and complacency to help embed excellence into the way people and products work. That means showing businesses how to improve performance, reduce risk and achieve sustainable growth. As a global leader in ...
based in Zoppola (Pordenone), ITALY
EVALED evaporators are a Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies Italia's product. Veolia Italia is the technical Italian branch of Veolia Water, the world leader in water treatment and part of the Veolia Environment Group. A specialist in engineering and turnkey design & build projects, Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies also offers a wide range of technological ...
based in Limonest, FRANCE
ACOEM helps customers in the industrial, environmental and defence sectors make the right decisions and take the right actions. To ensure the productivity and reliability of industrial machines. To prevent noise and vibration pollution. To protect personnel, sites and vehicles in military theaters of operation. To contribute to the development of effective, robust & ...
Ecotech Pty Ltd
based in Knoxfield, AUSTRALIA
Ecotech is an Australian owned company with more than 35 years experience in servicing, maintaining, designing, manufacturing, installing and commissioning ambient air and emission monitoring systems around the world. Ecotech is ISO17025 accredited for the operation and maintenance of ambient air and continuous emission monitoring systems and was first accredited in 1999. ...
Grundfos Pumps Corporation
based in Bjerringbro, DENMARK
Grundfos is the world`s largest manufacturer of pumps and pump solutions.
Intelex Technologies Inc.
based in Toronto, ONTARIO (CANADA)
(Intelex Technologies, Inc.) Trusted since 1992, Intelex is a global leader in EHS, Quality and Business Performance Management software. We enable organizations to ensure the highest standard of health, safety and environmental conditions as well as superior product and service quality by streamlining and integrating business data for our more than 1,000 clients and ...

subset: commoncrawl


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Kevin Clash, Elmo Voice, Accused of Underage Sex
Accusations have surfaced against the voice of Elmo from Sesame Street, Kevin Clash, which he vehemently denies, according to TMZ. The claims against Clash are that he was involved in a sexual relationship with a 16-year-old boy. Lawyers from Sesame…>read more1 Comment View Count: 137 November 12, 2012
Jonah Hill Treated Don Lemon Like the Help
Don Lemon is the host of the prime-time weekend edition of CNN Newsroom, based in Atlanta, Georgia. According to TMZ, he reported Jonah Hill is a rude, arrogant a-hole who treated Lemon like "the help" when he attempted to shake…>read moreNo Comment View Count: 648 November 10, 2012
Mick Jagger's Love Letters Up for Auction
Mick Jagger's love letters written to American singer Marsha Hunt would be up for auction next month. The letters mention his personal problems and discuss poetry and arts. Rolling Stones singer Jagger had his first child with Hunt. Hunt told…>read moreNo Comment View Count: 115 November 10, 2012
Victoria Jackson Following Election: "America Died"
Former Saturday Night Live cast member Victoria Jackson suffered a meltdown following the outcome of the election on Twitter. When Barack Obama was declared the winner, securing a second term in the White House, Jackson took to Twitter to declare…>read moreNo Comment View Count: 92 November 8, 2012
Lindsay Lohan Claims Police Have Vendetta Against Her
In what seems to be a daily ritual, Lindsay Lohan has hit the news once again. This time, TMZ is reporting that Lohan is telling her friends that the police have a vendetta against her as they try to bring…>read more1 Comment View Count: 352 November 7, 2012
Classical Music Composer Elliott Carter Dies at 103
On Monday, classical composer Elliott Carter died in New York, at the age of 103 years. During his career of more than 75 years, Elliott Carter had won two Pulitzer Prizes. A prolific composer, Carter had created about 158 music…>read moreNo Comment View Count: 384 November 6, 2012
R. Kelly Sings for Security to Remove Fan from Crowd
One of the most popular R&B singers in history, R. Kelly, had to kick one of his fans out of a recent concert. The way he went about removing the fan, who was becoming rowdy, is very interesting. Instead of…>read moreNo Comment View Count: 194 November 6, 2012
Miley Cyrus Offered Major Payout for Naked Makeout Video
According to TMZ, Miley Cyrus will be the star of a makeout video that features another woman. Cyrus might even wind up having sex with the woman in the video if she accepts a lucrative offer from a porn company.…>read moreNo Comment View Count: 243 November 5, 2012
Shelton Steals the Show at Country Music Awards
On Thursday, Blake Shelton took home three trophies from the Country Music Association Awards, including the 'entertainer of the year' prize. Shelton also won the title of 'male vocalist of the year' for the third time. With the highly emotional…>read moreNo Comment View Count: 71 November 5, 2012
Sam Lutfi Loses Case Against Britney Spears
On Thursday, Los Angeles Superior Court Judge Suzanne Bruguera ruled that Sam Lutfi was unable to prove his case of libel and breach of contract made against Britney Spears' parents and caretakers. The side representing Lutfi rested its case on…>read moreNo Comment View Count: 180 November 2, 2012
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Get the Best Priced Saturn Vue Crank Position Sensor
- Fast Shipping
- 30-Day Money-Back Guarantee
- Lowest Prices
Saturn Vue Replacement Crank Position Sensor Information
Search our online crank position sensor catalog and find the lowest priced discount auto parts on the web. We sell wholesale to the public. We offer high quality new, OEM, aftermarket and remanufactured Saturn Vue Crank Position Sensor parts. We specialize in a wide-variety of high-quality car parts and accessories for your car, truck or SUV. Call toll free to order or place your order online via our secure checkout system. Our online parts catalog uses real-time inventory, so you can be assured the parts you buy are in stock at the time of ordering. Most orders are shipped the same day. They are available for the following Saturn Vue years: 2007, 2006, 2005, 2004, 2003, 2002, 07, 06, 05, 04, 03, 02. This part is also sometimes called Saturn Vue Engine CPS. We stock crank position sensor parts for most Saturn models including LW200, Ion, L200, L100, LS1, LS and LW1.
We stock these Crank Position Sensor brands for the Saturn Vue: FAE.
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Retail Price:$42.70
Sale Price: $33.33
Product SKU: W0133-1689974
Inventory: In Stock
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Click to Enlarge (Read reviews)
Retail Price:$42.70
Sale Price: $33.33
Product SKU: W0133-1689974
Inventory: In Stock
Condition: New
Shipping Options:
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- 03 2003 Saturn Vue Camshaft Position Sensor 3.0L V6 Vemo
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- 03 2003 Saturn Vue Intake Manifold Gasket 3.0L V6 Mahle
- 02 2002 Saturn Vue Oil Cooler Professional Parts Sweden
- 02 2002 Saturn Vue Oil Filter 3.0L V6 Full - w/ O-Ring
- 09 2009 Saturn Vue Oil Pan 2.4L 4 Cyl Dorman
- 07 2007 Saturn Vue Timing Belt 3.5L V6 Gates
- 05 2005 Saturn Vue Timing Belt Tensioner 3.5L V6 Koyo
- 08 2008 Saturn Vue Timing Chain 3.6L V6 Cloyes
- 10 2010 Saturn Vue Timing Chain Tensioner 3.6L V6 Left Genuine
- 03 2003 Saturn Vue Valve Cover Gasket 3.0L V6 Genuine
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text:
Matter of Record (Feb. 16)
Union Square FCU, 1401 Holliday, vs. Kenneth R. Stalnaker, 4603 Sherry Lane, $8,750.57, V3698 P210.
(ABANDONMENT) Vernon Mergerson, 3716 Iowa Park Road, 76306, DBA Eastside Pallet Co.
Vernon Mergerson, 3716 Iowa Park Road, 76306, DBA Dallas-Fort Worth area Pallets of Wichita Falls.
Madeline Chappell, 2719 Tampico Dr., 76306, DBA Better Days Business Group.
Madeline Chappell, 2719 Tampico Dr., 76306, DBA Better Days Publishing.
Ricky L. McGee, 1631 Andrew Dr., 76301, DBA Agape Home Health Care Group.
John P. Prickett to Donnie B. Park, Trustee, First Bank, L4, B2 of the Amended Ranch Estates, Section 1, Burkburnett, aka 505 Matador St., $95,515.00, V3698 P78.
Agustin A. Romero to Andrea Jeter, et vir, L2, B1 of the Akers Addition, Burkburnett, aka 603 E. College, $4,200.00, V3697 P810.
The William D. Pickett Sr. and Martha S. Pickett Revocable Living Trust to Rodolfo Villalobos, et ux, a tract of land out of L3 of the Janlee Town Addition, Burkburnett, $85,500.00, V3697 P820.
Wells Fargo Bank to Franklin G. Keefer, et al, No Property Description on Document, Property Address 4813 Del Rio Trail, No Amount Stated, V3697 P824.
Union Square FCU to Robert Dana Terry, L34, B2 of the Tanglewood Hollow Addition, Section F2, $148,000.00, V3697 P883.
JPMorgan Chase Bank to Adam Marchland, No Property Description on Document, Property Address 2108 10th St., No Amount Stated, V3698 P36.
American National Bank to Justin S. Ritchie, et al, L9, B4, of the Edgemere South Addition, $76,000.00, V3698 P42.
American National Bank to Eugene Rudnicki, et al, L12, B1 of the Roller Estates Addition, Burkburnett, $39,528.00, V3698 P44.
Union Square FCU to Richard Cresswell, et ux, L3, B3 of the Midwestern Farm Subdivision, Section 2, $25,000.00, V3698 P45.
JPMorgan Chase Bank to Susan C. Looney, et al, No Property Description on Document, Property Address 2200 Tilden St., No Amount Stated, V3698 P144.
MERS Inc. to Laura Leonard, No Property Description on Document, Property Address 5809 Briargrove Dr., No Amount Stated, V3698 P146.
MERS Inc. to Bob Shultz, et al, No Property Description on Document, Property Address 3319 Sherwood Lane, No Amount Stated, V3698 P148.
Bank of America to Curtis Evans, et al, No Property Description on Document, Property Address 2733 Ridgeway Dr., No Amount Stated, V3698 P150.
First Citizens Bank and Trust to Thomas M. Stone, et ux, No Property Description on Document, Property Address 1209 N. Pacific, Iowa Park, $26,000.00, V3698 P158.
First Bank to Teodolo Cerna, et ux, L5, B7 of the Hillcrest Addition, $10,800.00, V3698 P166.
Texoma Community Credit Union to Pauline Witten Jefferson, Unit 1009 and Parking Space L54 of the Vantage Point Condominia, $35,300.00, V3698 P168.
Wells Fargo Bank to Joshua D. Butler, et al, No Property Description on Document, Property Address 802 N. Wichita St., Electra, No Amount Stated, V3698 P174.
Maher Ali Atteyah to Marie Delores Esquibel, L20, B12 of the Sunnyside Heights Addition, $13,680.00, V3698 P192.
Brian B. Brietmier and Harriet L. Leaf, both of Lawton, Okla.
Ricky L. Brown and Gwendolyn M. Mason, both of Grandfield, Okla.
Jamaine L. Woods and Misty D. McClendon, both of Chickasha, Okla.
Ismael Lopez and Ramona Rivera, both of Wichita Falls.
Steven K. Porter and Chayce R. Watson, both of Iowa Park.
Keenan J. Simmons and Alejandra H. Sanchez, both of Wichita Falls.
U.S.A. vs. Robert E. and Elaine Bell, 934 Kiowa Dr., Burkburnett, $38,030.15, V3697 P893.
State of Texas vs. Jarrad Glen Hawkins, et al, Notice of Intent.
In re vs. Catherine Yolanda, et al, Support Order.
In re vs. Jannae A. Clark, et al, U.I.F.S.A.
In re vs. Sammy Dwayne Worthy Jr., et al, Transfer Parent/Child.
In re vs. Janie Ruiz Bohannon, et al, Paternity.
Leslea Paige Ensor vs. Joshua Stephen Ensor, Divorce w/Children.
Lloyd Warr vs. Christopher Wood, et al, Damages Auto.
Julie Carol Dozier vs. Michael Kenneth Dozier, Divorce.
In re vs. Brittany Danielle O'Neal, Support Order.
Ex Parte vs. L.R.R., Occupational Drivers License.
David Lee Foster Jr. vs. Maria Guadalupe Jimenez, Divorce.
Tallea Lancie Rodriguez vs. Michael Brett Rodriguez, Divorce.
Wichita County, et al, vs. Pam A. Parker Bell Dressler, et al, Tax.
Wichita County, et al, vs. Raymond Brazil, Tax.
Wichita County, et al, vs. Holger Jackson, et al, Tax.
Wichita County, et al, vs. Jae H. Kim, et al, Tax.
Wichita County, et al, vs. Dwight Haywood, et al, Tax.
Wichita County, et al, vs. Adrienne Nichole Meza, et al, Tax.
In re vs. Amsco Products, Inc., Tax Warrant.
In re vs. McGrath Bros. Concrete Pumping LLC, Tax Warrant.
Dan Clay Langford vs. Kim Oleta Langford, Divorce w/Children.
(SPECIAL) Theresa Davis to LaDonna Gunnoe, L11, B20 of the Sunnyside Heights 2 Addition, aka 1621 Best St., No Amount Stated, V3697 P895.
(SPECIAL) Historic Holt Hotel LP, et al, to Community Development Properties Wichita Falls Inc., L7A, B163 of the Original Townsite of Wichita Falls, repeat of L1-2 and all L3-7, B163, No Amount Stated, V3698, P28.
Michael E. Fischer, et al, to John P. Prickett, L4, B2 of the Amended Ranch Estates, Section 1, Burkburnett, $95,515.00, V3698 P75.
Ronald E. Qualls to Mark Fields, L1, B34 of the Scotland Addition, aka 1301 N Third, No Amount Stated, V3698 P189.
(REVOCATION) Evertha T. Reed from Sharon Boeger, V3697 P813.
Jean M. Castle to Michael Ted Nelson, V3698 P88.
Carol Brewer to Tanya Brewer, V3698 P179.
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text:
Charter Schools Scramble for Space
Honawar, Vaishali, The Washington Times (Washington, DC)
Byline: Vaishali Honawar
A public charter school dedicated to teaching Hispanic youngsters in the District ran into a familiar roadblock as it prepared to open this year - it had no roof over its head.
Things were going smoothly for the Tri Community Public Charter School, with its attractive curriculum aimed at 400 Hispanic youngsters, until December, when the school's chairman, Elizabeth Smith, went shopping for a school building.
After five months of looking, she could not find anything that was safe and that wouldn't cost a fortune to repair. The building she did finally settle on, in the Petworth area of Northwest, was in terrible shape and in no state to move into by August, when schools would open.
"There was asbestos all over the place," she said. "The building had been used by a government agency, and it needed a lot of work," she said.
Now, she has to wait another year to open.
Tri Community's story is not new. It has been repeated year after year, ever since charter schools first opened in the District in 1996, with at least one school every year forced to delay opening because of space problems.
Some charter school advocates say the problem is aggravated because the city is ignoring its own law, which gives charter schools first crack at buying or leasing the hundreds of surplus buildings it controls. Instead, the city gives preference to businesses and builders looking to construct luxury condos. A number of buildings are also occupied free of charge by government agencies.
Usable, safe buildings are "a roadblock in the path of charter schools," said Robert Cane, executive director of Friends of Choice for Public Schools, a nonprofit advocacy group in the city. "There is no commitment on part of the city to find school buildings" for charter schools, he said.
He said parents have been "lining up" to enroll their children in charter schools, which are estimated to grow to 15 percent of the size of public schools this year, up from 13 percent last year.(spade)His group says it received 1,500 calls from parents last fall, frustrated because charter schools they wanted to send their children to were already full.
With the opening of four charter schools this fall, there were expected to be 37 charter schools on 42 sites in the city, with total enrollment between 11,000 and 12,000, up from 9,500 in the 2000-2001 academic year. Last week, however, the public schools' Board of Education began the process of revoking the charters to three schools, in a setback to the charter schools movement. The three schools are appealing charges of mismanagement, saying some of the problems they had last year were exaggerated or have been fixed.
Several of the city's charter schools are currently in temporary, make-do locations and will need to move into larger, permanent buildings soon because they add a higher grade level every year.
Nelson Smith, director of the Public Charter School Board, says the difficulty in finding permanent quarters can discourage potential applicants looking to open charter schools in the District. "If you look at the way people make decisions, that is one of the things they might think of," he said.
The board received just five applications from charter schools for the 2001-2002 school year, compared with 12 applications submitted last year. Mr. Smith said that the number of applications fluctuates from year after year, but that the annual, embarrassing hunt for good buildings could discourage enough would-be applicants.
Charter schools have been creative in finding buildings, he said. Many convert church basements into cheerful classroom spaces. One school, the Southeast Academy for Scholastic Excellence, which opened last year, gutted the inside of a grocery store and remodeled the space into classrooms, he said. …


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Oct 13, 1992
|Filing date
|Nov 1, 1990
|Priority date
|Nov 1, 1990
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Robert W. Gardner, Constance B. Sawyer, Ronald L. Stewart, David S. Weiss
|Original Assignee
|Corning Incorporated
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (11), Classifications (15), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to ceramic matrix composites, and to methods for the manufacture thereof. More particularly, the invention relates to an improved method for manufacturing preforms for ceramic matrix composites.
Ceramic matrix composites are well known. Typically they comprise a ceramic matrix material such as a glass, a glass-ceramic, or a crystalline ceramic material forming a matrix wherein refractory inorganic fibers are disposed as a reinforcing phase. A number of U.S. patents show the structure and manufacture of such composites, including, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,314,852, 4,588,699 and 4,615,987.
In conventional practice, composites incorporating ceramic matrix materials are manufactured from powders of the selected matrix or a matrix precursor, with the fibers being combined with the powders and consolidated to dense composite materials by the application of heat and pressure. The fibers can be short chopped fibers or whiskers, but are more frequently introduced as a continuous fiber strand, consisting of one or more often a multiplicity of fibers in the form of a continuous yarn or tow. To provide a homogeneous distribution of the fibers in the matrix, the powders are generally first dispersed in a liquid vehicle. The resulting suspension is then applied to the fibers by an impregnation or coating process or, in the case of short fibers, by mixing the fibers into the suspension.
After the fibers have been coated or impregnated with the liquid suspension, they are typically laid up into a preform or prepreg comprising the fibers and the suspension containing the powdered material. Frequently, the fiber is provided in the form of a continuous fiber tow, and the prepreg is formed by winding the suspension-impregnated tow onto a rotating support such as a drum.
Using conventional solvent-based liquids as vehicles for the powdered ceramics, the suspensions remain fluid during the fiber impregnation and collection steps, such that desirable integration of the tows being collected occurs. Thus the collected mass of tow becomes a unitary mat. Following collection, the collected material is dried, i.e., the liquid solvents and carriers constituting the vehicle are removed by evaporation, such that an integral dry preform or prepreg which can be conveniently handled is provided.
Referring to specific ceramic suspensions known to the art, U.S. Pat. No. 4,412,854 discloses the manufacture of a fiber-reinforced composite preform from a suspension of a glass powder in a vehicle comprising a thermoplastic polymeric binder, typically an acrylic polymer binder. The binder is dispersed or dissolved in a carrier liquid and powdered matrix material is added. The resulting liquid suspension is combined with a woven or non-woven fiber reinforcement which is then dried and optionally reshaped prior to consolidation.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,588,699 illustrates the use of an aqueous system wherein latex is employed as a binder, and also a solvent-based system wherein the matrix is simply dispersed in a liquid carrier of propanol.
More complex suspension systems are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,585,500, wherein a synthetic resin is dispersed in a solvent for the resin prior to the introduction of the powdered matrix material. The system further includes components such as paraffin wax, a plasticizer and a surfactant to act as dispersion and stabilization aids and to impart flexibility to the resulting preform after drying.
A recently developed prepreg fabrication procedure, used with particular advantage for the fabrication of ceramic matrix composites, involves the use of suspensions of powdered ceramic matrix materials in thermoplastic vehicles. These are organic vehicle formulations which are room temperature solids, yet which will melt and flow as liquids at moderately elevated temperatures.
In the preparation of prepreg tows from these materials, suspensions of ceramic matrix powder in the heated, liquified binders are first prepared, and then reinforcing fiber tow is impregnated with the liquified suspensions, typically by immersion of the tow therein. The infiltrated tow is then generally withdrawn from the suspension, quickly cooled to a non-tacky state, and then collected on a revolving drum or spool.
Due to the speed with which prepreg tow comprising only thermoplastic binders will solidify, it has proven difficult to form prepreg mat during the tow collection process. Methods have been developed to form collimated tape from prepreg tow of this type, by reheating and fusing multiple yarn ends into a continuous fused ribbon. However, up to the date of the present invention, hot tow collection schemes and other attempts to continuously produce thick prepreg mat had not been successful.
It is therefore a principal object of the present invention to provide a method for making prepreg mat comprising reinforcing fibers and ceramic matrix material in a thermoplastic binder which provides improved structural homogeneity in the prepreg mat material.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a method for making prepreg mat of homogeneous structure which retains good flexibility and excellent thermal reshaping characteristics, due to the presence of thermoplastic binders therein.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a method for making prepreg mat comprising thermoplastic binder wherein the configuration of the mat can be closely controlled.
It is a further object of the invention to provide apparatus for the fabrication of dense, homogeneous preforms for ceramic matrix composite articles from prepreg fiber tow or other stranded fiber.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description thereof.
In accordance with the present invention, a preform fabrication procedure is provided which results in a preform exhibiting improved homogeneity with respect to fiber distribution in the matrix. In addition, the dimensions of width and thickness for the preform are essentially unlimited.
The invention offers significant advantages over alternative methods for producing ceramic composite preforms or prepregs comprising thermoplastic binders. The homogeneity of the preform, particularly with respect to improvements in the uniformity of fiber distribution in the matrix, is superior to that which we have been able to obtain by conventional tow collection methods. In addition, sheet or mat preforms of substantial thickness, which nevertheless retain flexibility and heat softening characteristics adequate for many preform reshaping needs, are easily obtained.
The method of the present invention utilizes a collection substrate such as a collection drum on which prepreg tow is collected in highly uniform fashion at an elevated temperature, i.e., while the thermoplastic binder in the tow is soft. Most preferably, the heated prepreg tow is provided by tow preheater adapted to preheat the fiber tow or other strand prior to contact between the strand and the substrate, or between the strand and strand material previously collected on the substrate. The preheater permits controlled heating of the strand being collected to insure that the thermoplastic binder is sufficiently softened to fuse to adjoining or underlying strand material during collection, so that improved integration of the strand into the preform is obtained.
Also provided is a collection substrate heater designed to continuously heat the substrate and prepreg strand accumulated thereon. This heater maintains the prepreg strand present on the collection substrate at a temperature such that complete fusion thereof to new strand being collected is assured. Further, fiber realignment and redistribution within the collected fiber-containing material is facilitated.
Finally, means operating cooperatively with the collection drum, for compacting the collected prepreg tow or other strand after it has been collected to provide a uniform accumulation, are provided. The compacting means typically comprise a device such as a cooled compaction roller for applying pressure to the collected strands, thereby to complete the desired redistribution of fibers and ceramic matrix material into a uniform, homogeneous prepreg layup.
Viewed in broad aspect, then, the invention first includes a method for the fabrication of a preform for a ceramic matrix composite article which comprises the initial step of providing a continuous heated prepreg strand formed of one or more inorganic reinforcing fibers coated or impregnated with a thermoplastic suspension of a ceramic matrix powder in a thermoplastic binder. The strand is sufficiently heated to soften the thermoplastic suspension thereon.
The heated strand thus provided is then collected on a moving collection support to form a strand accumulation of highly uniform structure. While the strand is being collected, the accumulation is heated to prevent solidification of the thermoplastic binder present in the suspension.
Finally, after the collection has been completed, a compaction pressure is applied to the heated tow accumulation to fuse the accumulation into a uniform, dense prepreg mat. Compaction is accomplished without the removal of any thermoplastic suspension from the accumulation, typically by means of a cooled compaction roller. The resulting product is a prepreg mat exhibiting excellent structural homogeneity which is particularly well suited for conversion to a ceramic matrix composite article by known consolidation methods.
The invention further includes apparatus for the fabrication of a preform for a ceramic composite such as above described. The apparatus first comprises moveable substrate means for continuously collecting a prepreg strand to form a collection of the strand. As previously noted, the prepreg strand comprises a fiber reinforcement material infiltrated or coated with a suspension of powdered ceramic matrix material in a thermoplastic binder. The moveable substrate means should be capable of operating in such a manner that it can gather the strand onto the substrate to provide a strand accumulation characterized by completely uniform strand spacing, i.e., without skips or unwanted strand doubling, where this is desired.
Preferably, the apparatus will also include preheating means for preheating the prepreg strand being collected, heating being accomplished prior to contact between the strand and the substrate means or strand previously accumulated thereon. The preheating means are adapted to heat the strand at least to a temperature at which softening of the thermoplastic binder in the prepreg tow is effected.
The apparatus further comprises heating means for heating the surface of the moveable collection substrate and prepreg strand accumulated thereon. Again the heating means selected are effective to heat the accumulated strand material at least to a temperature sufficient to maintain the thermoplastic binder present therein in a softened condition.
Finally, the apparatus includes cooled pressure application means for applying consolidation pressure to the collected prepreg strand after it has accumulated on the collection substrate. Means such as a cooled pressure roller are moveably mounted adjacent the substrate means, the mounting being such that the roller can be moved into contact with the strand accumulation to apply consolidation pressure thereto. This pressure is sufficient to consolidate the strand accumulation into a homogeneous prepreg mat, effecting a beneficial redistribution of fibers, matrix and binder in the prepreg material. The roller or other means should be maintained at a temperature below the softening point of the thermoplastic binder, to avoid unwanted removal of binder and matrix material from the accumulated tow which adversely affects mat homogeneity.
Apparatus such as described produces a prepreg mat for ceramic composite manufacture wherein the distribution of fiber reinforcement material is extremely homogeneous. In addition, because of the way in which uniform fiber distribution is achieved, a low incidence of fiber breakage and thus high strength in the dense composite preform and in ceramic matrix composites produced therefrom are realized.
The invention may be further understood by reference to the drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic elevational view in cross-section of apparatus for producing a prepreg mat in accordance with the invention; and
FIG. 2 is a photomicrograph of a cross-section of a prepreg mat produced in accordance with the invention.
As will be evident from the following description, the invention is not limited in its application to any particular ceramic matrix material. Any of the various ceramic materials employed for the manufacture of ceramic composites in the prior art, which are capable of being provided in powdered form, may be used. These include powdered glasses, such as powdered aluminosilicate glasses or powdered borosilicate glasses, as well as powdered aluminosilicate glasses which are thermally crystallizable to yield refractory glass-ceramic matrices, including β-spodumene, anorthite, cordierite, or other glass-ceramics. Conventional crystalline ceramics such as alumina, zirconia, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, or the like may also be used.
Likewise, there is no restriction as to the particular reinforcing fibers which will be used; any of a variety of fibers having known utility for ceramic matrix reinforcement, including without limitation fibers of carbon, silicon carbide, glass, silicon nitride, alumina, mullite or similar materials, may be used. The only requirement is that the fibers be available as long continuous fibers or fiber tows which can be treated in accordance with the process of the invention to provide fiber coated or impregnated with the selected matrix material. The preferred materials are fiber tows, most preferably silicon carbide or oxycarbide fiber tows, and the following description refers principally to such tows although other forms of fiber may alternatively be used.
The use of binders having good heat-softening characteristics is critical to the success of the invention, both to obtain good fusion of tow prepreg into the preform during the tow collection phase and to aid fiber redistribution and provide a homogeneous product. In principle, a number of different binder formulations can be used, but the preferred formulations are solvent-free thermoplastic binders comprising a mixture of one or more thermoplastic polymers and one or more waxes.
A particularly preferred thermoplastic binder is hereinafter described; other such binders are disclosed in copending, commonly assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/358,571 filed May 30, 1989 now abandoned R. E. Johnson et al., which is expressly incorporated herein by reference and which may be referred to for a further description of thermoplastic binders.
Illustrative of the preferred thermoplastic binders are binder formulations comprising 10-40% by weight of thermoplastic polymers, e.g., one or more of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, acrylic or polyethylene/acrylic copolymers, and styrene tri-block copolymer elastomers. The wax component suitably comprises 35-90% by weight of the binder and includes one or more low-melting fatty acid, fatty glyceride or, preferably, fatty alcohol waxes which are room temperature solids and melt below 80� C.
The production of prepreg fiber tow or strand for use as a starting material in the method of the invention follows conventional procedures for fiber tow impregnation using liquid or liquifiable thermoplastic suspensions of powdered ceramic matrix materials. A selected continuous fiber tow or yarn, optionally pretreated to remove sizing or other foreign substances therefrom, is transported through a suspension or slurry of the powdered ceramic matrix material in the thermoplastic binder, the suspension being heated to a temperature providing good liquidity. The product of such an immersion treatment is a prepreg strand wherein good penetration of the ceramic matrix suspension into the tow cross-section is achieved.
A particular advantage of the invention is that prepreg tow to be used for the manufacture of dense preforms can be screened prior to actual use, since there is no requirement that the impregnated strand be formed into the final prepreg shape before it is allowed to cool and the binder solidify. Instead, the prepreg tow made as described may be cooled and inspected for characteristics such as strength, matrix loading, fiber distribution or the like before further processing.
As the need for prepreg mat arises, prepreg tow will be selected for incorporation in the mat based on one or more of the above characteristics. It will then be preheated to a temperature above the softening point of the thermoplastic binder, most preferably by drawing through preheating means such as a tube furnace, and then collected on the substrate as previously described. This practice permits improved control over the quality of the prepreg strand used to shape the final preform.
A preferred form of apparatus for continuously forming prepreg tow into a dense, homogenous prepreg mat is schematically shown, in elevational view, in FIG. 1 of the drawing. As shown in FIG. 1, a continuous prepreg fiber tow 10, comprising fiber tow impregnated with a ceramic matrix powder in a thermoplastic binder, is fed from supply reel 12 at room temperature through tensioning spools and into preheating tube furnace 16. The temperature in furnace 16 is maintained above the softening temperature of the thermoplastic binder on the tow to soften the matrix suspension present thereon.
The tow exiting furnace 16 is next fed over grooved guide rollers 18 formed, for example, of fluorocarbon polymer, and is guided onto revolving collection drum 20. Drum 20, which may be formed of cast aluminum or other material, is typically covered with a release paper (not shown), and supports an accumulation of prepreg tow shown as accumulation 22. The accumulated tow 22 is maintained at an elevated temperature by radiant heat source 24, which source radiates heat toward the accumulated tow and maintains the thermoplastic binder therein in a softened condition. This heating is continued until collection of the softened tow is completed.
Tow accumulation 22 is most preferably of substantial width. The preferred method for defining the width of the tow accumulation is by translating collection drum 20, together with pressure roller 26, swing assembly arm 28, and arm support bar 29, smoothly forward and/or backward in a direction transverse to the collection path of prepreg tow 10. This translation is shown by double arrow 32 in FIG. 1.
An important requirement for prepreg homogeneity is the attainment of a smooth translation of the collection drum with the associated pressure roller. Experimental operation of apparatus such as shown, but with uneven traverse rates, produced "drum skipping" or uneven windings, resulting in non-uniform structure in the resulting prepreg mat. On the other hand, even traverse rates produce uniform windings and high quality prepregs.
After collection of the softened tow has been completed, swing arm assembly 28 supporting pressure roller 26 is released from a raised position temporarily held by arm support bar 29 (this raised position being partially shown in phantom as arm 28'), and the assembly is lowered into the compaction position shown in order to apply compression force to the accumulated tow 22. Pressure roller 26, which should be pre-cooled by air (or by other means), may if desired be composed of or coated with fluorocarbon plastic in order to avoid roller adhesion to the heated thermoplastic binder on the tows. The pressure applied by roller 26 may be adjusted by applying weight 30 to the end of swing arm assembly 28, or by spring or other tensioning means applied to the arm.
It is important that the temperature of compaction roller 26 be maintained sufficiently low that pickup of the binder and matrix material by the compaction roller is entirely avoided. Experiments have shown that, if the roller is permitted to be heated by the accumulated tow to a temperature above the tacking temperature of the binder (about 100� C. for the binders we employ), as for example when compaction is started too soon, then binder pickup and matrix loss from the prepreg can occur. For this reason, our practice is to commence compaction only after the collection of the prepreg tow has been completed, in order that compaction can be completed within a short time interval and without undue roller heating.
Presently, we prefer to utilize a process wherein single-layer windings are compacted to produce the desired mat. However, multilayer windings, produced using a single post-winding compaction step or a compaction step after each winding layer has been collected, may alternatively be employed.
The preparation of a ceramic matrix composite preform in accordance with the invention using apparatus such as described is more fully illustrated by the following detailed Example.
A silicon carbide fiber tow is selected for use as a reinforcing fiber material for a ceramic matrix composite. The tow selected is Nicalon� NLM-202 silicon carbide fiber tow, commercially available from the Nippon Carbon Company of Tokyo, Japan.
In preparation for the manufacture of a ceramic matrix composite product incorporating this fiber tow, a thermoplastic vehicle suitable for the application of a powdered glass matrix material to the tow is first prepared. This thermoplastic vehicle, which exhibits desirable rapid solidifying behavior, comprises about 60 parts by weight of a fatty alcohol wax, about 20 parts by weight of a styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene thermoplastic tri-block copolymer, and about 20 parts by weight of a polybutene resin plasticizer.
The wax used in the vehicle is Alfol™ 1418 DDB fatty alcohol wax blend, comprising a mixture of tetradecanol, hexadecanol, and octadecanol waxes and being commercially available from the Vista Chemical Company of Houston, Texas. The thermoplastic block copolymer used is Kraton™ G1650 thermoplastic elastomer, commercially available from the Shell Chemical Company of Houston, Texas. The plasticizer is Parapol 950 oil additive, commercially available from Exxon Chemicals of Houston, Texas.
To prepare the vehicle, all components except the block copolymer resin are weighed into a container and heated to 140� C. to melt the components together. The resin is then added to the molten mixture and all components are mixed with heating to about 167� C. until complete intermixing is obtained.
A thermoplastic matrix suspension incorporating this vehicle is next prepared by first dispersing powdered glass in a fugitive carrier liquid. The dispersion comprises 750 ml of toluene and 3.8 gm of a dispersant for each 1000 gm of glass, the dispersant consisting of Hypermer KD3 dispersant from ICI Americas of Wilmington, Del. The glass used is a calcium magnesium aluminosilicate glass which is thermally crystallizable on appropriate heat treatment to yield a glass-ceramic matrix comprising anorthite as the principal crystalline phase. It is provided as a powder having an average particle size, by Coulter TAII analysis, of about 10 microns.
The dispersed glass and carrier are then combined with the thermoplastic vehicle formulation in a proportion which will yield approximately equal parts by weight of glass solids and thermoplastic vehicle in the final thermoplastic suspension. The resulting mixture is then processed in a heated planetary mixer at approximately 140� C. to remove the fugitive carrier and to complete the blending of the glass and thermoplastic vehicle. Substantially complete gelation of this suspension occurs as it is cooled to a temperature of about 100� C.
The blended powdered glass suspension produced as described is applied to the silicon carbide fiber tows by immersion coating of the fibers in conventional fashion. A spool of the selected silicon carbide fiber tow is mounted on a spindle and the tow is drawn therefrom over a pulley and through a tube or burn-out furnace operating at a temperature of about 800� C. The sizing is removed from the silicon carbide fiber tow as it passes through this furnace, the transport rate of the fiber tow through the apparatus being about 60 ft/min.
The de-sized fiber tow exiting the furnace next passes into a heated reservoir of the thermoplastic suspension of matrix powder produced as above described. The reservoir is heated by means of an oil bath heater having a set point temperature of about 200� C., this set point being sufficient to maintain the temperature of the suspension in the reservoir at about 150�-160� C.
After passage through the thermoplastic matrix suspension the fiber tow impregnated with the suspension is drawn through a stripping die positioned at the upper surface of the suspension and having an orifice diameter of approximately 0.040". The die orifice is selected simply to achieve a predetermined loading of matrix suspension on the tow; larger or smaller dies may be substituted or the die may be dispensed with entirely.
After stripping the tow is passed upwardly through a vertical cooling tower to set the thermoplastic suspension, and then down to a take-up reel where it is collected for later use. Due to rapid solidification of the binder, the set rate of the thermoplastic suspension on the tow is sufficiently rapid that essentially no sticking of the impregnated fibers, either to the takeup spool or to adjacent fiber tows, is observed.
The prepreg fiber tow produced as described above is formed into a preconsolidated composite prepreg by a tow collection and fusion procedure. The lead end of a length of the prepreg tow stored on a tow reel is first passed through a tow preheater consisting of a tube furnace, and through a set of grooved tensioning rollers positioned at the furnace output port. The strand is then affixed to a collection substrate consisting of a precision cast aluminum collection drum which has been covered with a layer of release paper. The release paper used is Paper 2-60SF-157 paper, commercially available from Daubert Coated Products Company of Oak Brook, Ill.
The tube furnace is next heated to a temperature of approximately 425� C. to soften the thermoplastic binder on the tow, while a radiant heater directed at the collection drum is actuated to preheat the drum, in order that tow collected thereon will remain soft. The heater consists of three large panels of Nichrome™ wire heating coils, hinged to conform to the curved surface of the drum and covering about 1/3 of the drum collection surface. Rotation and translation of the drum are then commenced to begin collection of the softened tow onto the drum surface.
The collection drum is translated smoothly past the line of collection of the prepreg tow in a single pass, the translation traversing a distance of about 30 cm. Smooth translation results in a highly uniform distribution of the tow winding over the surface of the drum. This collection step yields a single-layer winding of 30 cm total width.
After collection of the winding has been completed, a compaction pressure is applied to the tow accumulation by lowering onto the winding an air-cooled Teflon�-polymer-surfaced compaction roller of the same width as the collection drum. The roller has a weight sufficient to achieve a loading of approximately 10 kg on the tow material passing thereunder. Compaction is continued, while continuing to apply heat to the mat, until the compaction roller exhibits signs of impending binder/matrix pickup. It is then immediately raised and the heater is turned off so that the compacted tow accumulation can cool to room temperature.
The preform mat consisting of the compacted tow accumulation is next cut from the drum and flattened to produce a prepreg mat. The thickness of the mat is about 0.05 cm. Smaller prepreg sheets are then cut from the mat, and are stacked to form a dense preform stack about 16 layers in thickness.
Due to the way that tow collection and compaction are carried out in accordance with our method, the preform formed by the above procedure is of very high homogeneity and density. FIG. 2 of the drawing is an electron photomicrograph of a polished cross-section of a small segment of a prepreg mat produced by the winding of heated tow as described, wherein the white bar represents a dimension of 100 microns. The arrows indicate representative fibers in the particulate matrix material, which are relatively evenly spaced in the sample although not well differentiated from the matrix and vehicle in terms of brightness value. Particularly noteworthy in this micrograph is the total absence of voids or concentrations of binder not containing any matrix and fibers. This uniformity of structure, which extends throughout prepreg mats produced as above described, minimizes the need for significant fiber and/or matrix realignment during the subsequent consolidation of the preform.
The preform stack thus provided is fully consolidated by hot pressing in the known manner to provide a ceramic matrix composite plate. Generally, vaporization of the thermoplastic binder from the tow material is first accomplished by heating it to a temperature of about 550� C. in an atmosphere such as air or nitrogen. Then the resulting porous, binder-free composite preform is consolidated by heating to a peak consolidation temperature of about 1300�-1400� C., concurrently with the application of a consolidation pressure of about 1000-2000 psi. These conditions of temperature and pressure are maintained for approximately 15 minutes, following which the consolidated composite is depressurized and cooled, removed from the hot press, and examined.
The product of this process is a ceramic matrix composite plate exhibiting very uniform microstructure and excellent strength and toughness.
Results similar to those described in the working example above are attainable using other combinations of fibers, ceramic matrix materials, and thermoplastic binders. Therefore, while our detailed description refers to specific materials and specific procedures, it will be recognized that those materials and procedures are presented for purposes of illustration only, and are not intended to be limiting. Instead, numerous modifications and variations upon the compositions and processes specifically described herein may be resorted to by those skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Aug 4, 1989
|Dec 11, 1990
|Corning, Incorporated
|Method for making ceramic matrix composite article
|May 30, 1989
|Jun 18, 1991
|Corning Incorporated
|Compositions and methods for making ceramic matrix composites
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 14, 1994
|Jul 16, 1996
|The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration
|Low-density resin impregnated ceramic article having an average density of 0.15 to 0.40 g/cc
|Sep 27, 2001
|Oct 29, 2002
|Hc Chem Research And Service Corp.
|Non-flammable polymer composite panels
|Apr 19, 2002
|Nov 23, 2004
|General Electric Company
|Method for repairing articles of ceramic composites
|Jan 2, 2002
|May 31, 2005
|Advanced Ceramics Research, Inc.
|Continuous fiber reinforced composites and methods, apparatuses, and compositions for making the same
|Nov 8, 2004
|Jun 21, 2011
|Airbus Deutschland Gmbh
|Method and apparatus for activating the binder on a semi-finished fiber preform by direct heating of carbon fibers through an applied electrical voltage
|Aug 25, 2006
|Aug 28, 2012
|Quickstep Technologies Pty Ltd
|Reticulation system for composite component production
|Mar 9, 2011
|Nov 20, 2012
|Rolls-Royce Plc
|Method of manufacturing a ceramic matrix composite article
|Nov 8, 2004
|Jun 30, 2005
|Paul Jorn
|Method and apparatus for activating the binder on a semi-finished fiber preform by direct heating of carbon fibers through an applied electrical voltage
|May 17, 2005
|Oct 20, 2005
|Advanced Ceramics Research, Inc.
|Continuous fiber reinforced composites and methods, apparatuses, and compositions for making the same
|Jul 18, 2003
|Jun 9, 2004
|General Electric Company
|Structures for attaching or sealing a space between components having different coefficients or rates of thermal expansion
|Mar 19, 1997
|Oct 2, 1997
|Philpott Emma
|Method of manufacture of composite materials
|U.S. Classification
|156/166, 427/375, 264/241
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Nov 1, 1990
Owner name: CORNING INCORPORATED, CORNING, NY A CORP OF NY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:GARDNER, ROBERT W.;SAWYER, CONSTANCE B.;STEWART, RONALDL.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:005499/0363;SIGNING DATES FROM 19901026 TO 19901030
|Mar 27, 1996
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|May 9, 2000
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Oct 15, 2000
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Dec 19, 2000
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20001013


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Apple releases free Tech Talks 2009 videos covering OpenGL ES and much more
Apple announced the availability of free iPhone Tech Talks 2009 videos for iPhone Developer Program members. The presentations are given by Apple's Technology Evangelists and take a deep dive into app design and coding techniques. Presentation topics in the videos include: audio development, using video effectively, user interface design, Core Data, OpenGL ES, using Web content, testing and debugging apps, using location and maps, and push notification.
Upcoming Khronos API Training Courses
There are a number of upcoming training course covering OpenGL, OpenGL ES, GLSL and OpenCL. A complete list of upcoming courses and events are available on the Khronos Website events page.
Khronos Group posts Japanese and Chinese translations of press releases for COLLADA and OpenGL 4
The Khronos Group has posted Japanese and Chinese translations of the two recent major press announcements: "Khronos Unleashes Cutting-Edge, Cross-Platform Graphics Acceleration with OpenGL 4.0" and "Khronos Group Delivers COLLADA Adopters Package & Conformance Tests". You can find them both on the Khronos.org Press Release page.
GDC session slides now online-Mobile, OpenCL, COLLADA, OpenGL
All of the session slides from the 2010 GDC Khronos Group sessions are available online in PDF format. Slides sets available include:
OpenMAX AL version 1.0.1 has been released
The OpenMAX AL working group is pleased to announce that OpenMAX AL version 1.0.1 has been released and is available for download in the Khronos Registry. The update to the specification includes minor bug fixes and clarifications, macros used for platform specific linking information, additional macro definitions for common codecs and multimedia container formats and a detailed description of memory management. An official feedback thread is located in the Khronos forums. The OpenMAX AL version 1.0.1 specification can be downloaded in PDF. Two recommendations have been made to implementors of OpenMAX AL and OpenSL ES.
DMP announces three new Programming Courses in OpenGL ES and GLSL
DMP is proud to announce three new programming training course sessions. For those who have taken past courses, the OpenGL ES courese are two new courses, training I and II, which will run May 20-21 and March 27-28 2010. Complete details in english are available online for the courses: GLSL Getting Started, Training I and Training II, and in Japanese.
Khronos Group Delivers COLLADA Adopters Package & Conformance Tests
The Khronos Group announced that the COLLADA™ 1.4 Adopters Package is complete and under final review prior to public release--anticipated for April, 2010. The Adopters Package contains both conformance testing software and documentation intended to drive rapid evaluation, deployment and acceptance of the COLLADA specification in 3D content creation, and asset management software. Three new levels of COLLADA compliance are offered in the Adopters Package, which is available to any interested company by executing the Khronos COLLADA 1.4 Adopters Agreement. You can learn more about COLLADA at the Game Developer Conference Friday, March 12 from1:30pm to 2:30pm. The official press release is available here, and an official feedback thread has been started on the COLLADA.org forums.
Khronos Unleashes Cutting-Edge, Cross-Platform Graphics Acceleration with OpenGL 4.0
The Khronos Group announced the release of the OpenGL® 4.0 specification. This is a significant update to the most widely adopted 2D and 3D graphics API, and includes the GLSL 4.00 update to the OpenGL Shading language allowing developers to access the latest generation of GPU acceleration. OpenGL 4.0 further improves the close interoperability with OpenCL™ for accelerating computationally intensive visual applications. Among the new features: two new shader stages that enable the GPU to offload geometry tessellation from the CPU; per-sample fragment shaders and programmable fragment shader input positions; drawing of data generated by OpenGL, or external APIs such as OpenCL, without CPU intervention; shader subroutines for significantly increased programming flexibility; 64-bit double precision floating point shader operations and inputs/outputs for increased rendering accuracy and quality. Khronos has also released an OpenGL 3.3 specification, together with a set of ARB extensions, to enable as much OpenGL 4.0 functionality as possible on previous generation GPU hardware.
COLLADA at GDC 2010
COLLADA will be sponsoring a session at GDC on Friday March 12th 2010. Attend the COLLADA session to discover how COLLADA assets and tool chains fit naturally with WebGL's acceleration of 3D on the web - and how the combination of COLLADA and WebGL provide a compelling 3D pipeline for 3D Web content creation and deployment. Also learn about the new COLLADA 1.4 Conformance Test Suite for Khronos Adopters.
Khronos Group OpenGL ES 2.0 Reference Card now available for download
The Khronos Group has just finished the latest in their series of reference cards. This reference card is for OpenGL ES 2.0 and can be downloaded in PDF format today. Both the OpenGL ES 2.0 API and the OpenGL ES Shading Language 1.0 are covered in detail.
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Kwetiaw Sapi 78 Cabang Mangga BesarNovember 22, 2014Asian • Jakarta, Indonesia
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Trendz A SalonRead MoreBethany Beach's Trendz A Salon will tame your mane and leave you feeling and looking your best. Freshen up your look with a new 'do from this salon, a fashion-forward salon. Be sure to call ahead — this salon is strictly by-appointment. Along with cash payments, this establishment also allows customers to pay by major credit card. Next stop: gorgeous! Get some of the best treatments and hair care advice from the expert stylists at Trendz A Salon.33016 Coastal HwyBethany Beach, DE US
Ambition SalonRead MoreNo hair idea is impossible. Take your creative hair idea to Ambitions Salon in Pasadena and watch the stylists work their magic. Have a long day? Pamper yourself with a relaxing and hydrating facial. Maintain your skin's health with a professional skin treatment, such as a steam bath. Get your nails going out ready with their friendly and helpful team. Treat yourself to massage and relax both your body and your mind. When those pesky hairs just won't go away, visit Ambitions Salon in Pasadena for a close hair removal treatment. Keep up with the latest and greatest hair trends at this salon, a highly-rated and fashion-forward establishment. For your convenience, this salon offers a flexible walk-in policy for all beauty treatments. Ambitions Salon understands some of us live in a cashless society. Guests are invited to pay with any major credit card. Ambitions Salon is located near a parking lot, which many customers take advantage of. Ambitions Salon offers parking for all customers, including those who travel by bike. Whether you're fighting frizz or want to make over your mop, Ambitions Salon provides rave results for every hair type (so book an appointment today!).25 Magothy Beach RdPasadena, MD US
Angies Vanity SalonRead MoreWhether you're looking for highlights or an all-over color, the stylists at Angies Vanity Salon in Pasadena are here to assist you. This salon offers a customizable facial that provides powerful and clear results, leaving you feeling refreshed. Craving a nice relaxing massage? Head on over to this salon and get your fix. This establishment offers professional hair removal services for both men and women. Bounce some hairstyle ideas around with a stylist at Angies Vanity Salon in Pasadena and find your perfect match. Whether you prefer natural or bold nails, this salon offers nail treatments for everyone. When you have a little time before your next appointment, this salon's stylists can squeeze you in. Walks-ins are both accepted and valued here. For your convenience, this beauty establishment accepts all major credit cards. A nearby parking lot is readily available for Angies Vanity Salon's customers. Get the hairstyle you've been dreaming of with the help of the expert stylists at Angies Vanity Salon.3905 Mountain RdPasadena, MD US
Sinno Fady A MDRead MoreCome for the beauty treatments and stay for the experience at Sinno Fady A MD in Pasadena, a popular full-service salon. Properly cleanse your face with a tantalizing facial at this salon. Restore some of your youthful beauty with a cosmetic or beauty injection. With a quality skin care treatment, such as chemical peel, you can say goodbye to oily and dry skin. Looking to remove unwanted hair? Try one of the painless hair removal services at Sinno Fady A MD, including laser hair removal. To ensure timely and professional beauty services for every guest, this salon enforces an appointment-only policy. Sinno Fady A MD respects your methods of personal finance by accepting any and all major credit cards. Sinno Fady A MD's guests can take advantage of the easy street and lot parking options. Whether it's time for a new look or just a little R&R, Sinno Fady A MD is the place for you.8109 Ritchie HwyPasadena, MD US
Absolute TanningRead MoreWith comfortable facilities, you'll feel at home when you visit Pasadena's Absolute Tanning for an incredible tanning experience. If alternative medical services are more appealing to you, check out this salon. Salon knows winter can be hard for us all. That's why they offer tanning beds, spray tan, and airbrush tan. Jump start your summer with a little tanning. Plan ahead to make a trip to this salon. The perk to an appointments-only salon is not having to wait in line, which saves your precious time. Patrons can choose to charge their bill, as Absolute Tanning welcomes the use of most major credit cards. Can't afford an island getaway? No problem! Absolute Tanning provides everything you need to get that great summer glow, so call today and get started on your tan.4730 Mountain RdPasadena, MD US


text: Table of Contents – October 2013 Scokeley 7/19/2013 1 Comment Click here to subscribe to American History magazineFeatures Lincoln at Petersburg The president's review of frontline black troops was missed by Civil War photographer Mathew Brady—and filmmaker Steven Spielberg by Robert Wilson 'We Are Coming, Father Abraham' The United States Colored Troops in photographs Rebellion, Love and Revolution New bride Lucy Knox left her loyalist Boston family to follow husband Henry and the American patriots to independence by Nancy Rubin Stuart Superman at 75 The Man of Steel reaches a milestone—and shows no sign of slowing down by Larry Tye Speed Demons A Vanderbilt heir ditched railroads for cars and launched a race that put the American auto industry on the map by Timothy Messer-Kruse American Leviathan Anchors aweigh on an 1840s whaling ship by Charles Wilkes Moment of Truth When a scandal threatened the 1884 presidential bid of Grover Cleveland, he did the unthinkable by Ernest B. Furgurson Departments Gazette New Mississippi museums set to break ground; National History Day; backyard bomb shelter found intact; and more The First American coin We've Been Here Before When terrorists turn out to be the killers next door Interview John W. Dean on what we should have learned from Watergate Encounter Abraham Lincoln meets General and Mrs. Tom Thumb Details Mount Vernon fan chair Here Is Where Clues to the 1918 flu pandemic are unearthed in Alaska Letter From American History Opportunities lost and found Reviews The Chesapeake Campaign in the War of 1812; the latest in Civil War commemoratives; media mogul William Randolph Hearst; and more From America's Attic Alexander Graham Bell's big box telephone One Response Bill Kent 11/7/2013 I'd like to write for you. I'm a former NYTimes correspondent.I've won awards. I've had nine books published, including a history of Atlantic City. I've reviewed fiction and non-fiction books (especially history) for the Times, the Post, the Philadelphia Inquirer, the Philadelphia Daily News and others for 30 years. I've been lecturing in history and biography for 24 years. I've taught writing and journalism at the University of Pennsylvania, Temple and Rutgers. I travel (the Paris of Hemingway last summer, the Colorado of Robert Heinlein this month, to Venice for Christmas: alta aqua? Bring it on!). Majored in English and Religion at Oberlin, College. Minored in history and classics. I'm local: I live in Ashburn. What are your rates? Bill Kent Reply Leave a Reply Cancel Reply Your email address will not be published. Name* Email* Website Comment


text:
My Nonprofit Reviews
Review for Young Women's Christian Assn. Of El Paso Texas Ywca, El Paso, TX, USA
When supporters of the YWCA in El Paso, TX learned that women had been sleeping in their cars in the parking lots of the Y's branch facilities because they had no place to live, they became determined to build a transitional living center for homeless women and children. Today, the TLC is home to over 250 participants, women and children who are regaining their dignity and working toward self-sufficiency and permanent housing. Through job training, educational completion, tutoring, wellness programs, parenting classes and more, the TLC is assisting women and their families by giving them a "hand up", not a "hand out". It has grown to become the largest transitional living center in the El Paso, TX region.


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December 28, 1982: Arthur Bryant, who established one of the most famous barbeque restaurants in the world, dies of a heart attack at the age of 80.
December 28, 1982: Arthur Bryant, who established one of the most famous barbeque restaurants in the world, dies of a heart attack at the age of 80.
December 16, 1936: One thousand members of the United Auto Workers conduct a sit-down strike at the Fisher Body plant in Kansas City, giving early momentum to what will become known as the General Motors Strike of 1936-1937.
December 7, 1940: The Army Air Corps announces that a bomber plant, which will employ 26,000 and produce most of the B-25 medium bombers used in World War II, will be built in the Fairfax district of Kansas City, Kansas.
November 24, 1927: The Pla-Mor Ballroom, the largest indoor amusement center in the country featuring a ballroom, bowling alley, billiard room, and an ice skating rink, opens to a crowd of 4,100.
November 4, 1916: Walter Cronkite, who will kick off his journalism career in Kansas City, Missouri and later become a longstanding anchorman for the CBS Evening News and "the most trusted man in America," is born in St. Joseph, Missouri.
[1] http://www.kclibrary.org/blog/This+Week+in+Kansas+City+History/feed
[2] http://drupal.org/node/11816
[3] http://www.kclibrary.org/blog/week-kansas-city-history/death-legend
[4] http://www.kclibrary.org/blog/week-kansas-city-history/striking-chord
[5] http://www.kclibrary.org/blog/week-kansas-city-history/flying-high
[6] http://www.kclibrary.org/blog/week-kansas-city-history/great-indoors
[7] http://www.kclibrary.org/blog/week-kansas-city-history/and-thats-way-it-was
[8] http://www.kclibrary.org/print/1980
[9] http://www.kclibrary.org/print/1980?page=13
[10] http://www.kclibrary.org/print/1980?page=8
[11] http://www.kclibrary.org/print/1980?page=9
[12] http://www.kclibrary.org/print/1980?page=10
[13] http://www.kclibrary.org/print/1980?page=11
[14] http://www.kclibrary.org/print/1980?page=12
[15] http://www.kclibrary.org/print/1980?page=15
[16] http://www.kclibrary.org/print/1980?page=16


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Confederated Star Systems #1
by C.F. Bentley
$4.99 (Novel) ISBN 978-1-61138-536-6
A spiritual journey, with a literary twist, in a space opera landscape.
Harmony, a new utopia for space-faring humans. Or is it a thinly disguised tyranny locked into a rigid caste system, slavery by another name?
Either way, xenophobic Harmony holds the secret to Badger Metal, a unique ceramic metal alloy that protects people from the radiation and hard vacuum of space.
Continue reading


text:
If the Daleks then why not the Time Lords?
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October 3 2012, 03:25 AM
Gotham Central
Vice Admiral
Location: Chicago, IL
Re: If the Daleks then why not the Time Lords?
Mr Light wrote:
I just read RTD's "The Writer's Tale" and he says he made the right decision to off the Time Lords because they don't work in the story and rob all the drama since there's an all powerful race of good guys lurking in the wings, and they were stuffy ponces anyway.
Its funny that he sees them as a race of stuffy good guys. My only exposure to Time Lords other than the Doctor, thus far has shown them all to be malevolent. These are the folks that were willing to sacrifice Earth in order to resurrect Gallifrey. I know that the Doctors says in 'The End of Time" that the Time War changed the Time Lords, but damn, they were down right evil in that. Thus far, the Doctor has looked more like an anomaly instead of being representative of his race.
Well maybe I'm the faggot America.
I'm not a part of a redneck agenda.
Now everybody do the propaganda.
And sing along in the age of paranoia
Green Day
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