text:
Publisher's Description+
Connect your address book and share unlimited photos, make unlimited audio calls & video calls, share files, music and videos with other friends of yours on Nimbuzz, Facebook, Yahoo Messenger, Live Messenger (MSN) and Gtalk. You can also connect with your friends on Twitter using our popular chat buddy. Nimbuzz Messenger is super-popular and our 80+ million registered users across platforms prove that. Nimbuzz Messenger is available for every smartphone and feature phone, so go ahead and tell your friends to download Nimbuzz Messenger.
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Crowne Plaza Cologne City Centre
No prices found through our partners. Please contact the business directly or check some of our recommended alternatives.
TripAdvisor Reviews Crowne Plaza Cologne City Centre
Travel Blogs from Cologne
Getting' ready to cruise
Brought brekky this morning at the Cologne railway station because we discovered they have lovely yogurt and muesli. Then we went shopping. I bought a pair of German shoes, made in Hamburg, for $52! Rosanne bought a very comfortable pair of new season shoes for a little more. While we were in the hotel lounge this morning we overheard a group of Brits on a coach tour being corralled into where they needed to go by their super efficient tour guide and made a ...
Fun day in Cologne
... great sermon illustration. We only discover we are headed in the wrong direction when someone is able to show us we are going the wrong way. We were very relieved to get back to the hotel as we had given our legs a far bigger workout than planned. Interesting conversations today. Met a former policeman from Bangor in Northern Ireland. He said he was very glad that the Troubles were now largely over but that there was still a small group of fanatical IRA terrorists ...
Super-sized barges
Found unbelievable bargain at a 5* Hotel. & couldn't resist. To put it into context the breakfast cost 50% of the room rate! We didn't have breakfast! Even better, parking was also extra but as GG was too tall for their underground car park, we had to park with the smart cars in front of the Hotel at no charge. Hilarious!
sun shining again, so ...
Cologne............ Smells French !
... Cathedrals is often the life work of a few generations within families.No doubt the construction of such would have been pivotal for much community, religious and political power struggles.
So what of Cologne? I haven't researched this in depth but I would imagine that the French feel to the place stems way back to the roots of the Frankish Empire. Happy to be corrected on that...did I mention how good Steve Smith is going? Fair dinkum he will do ...
Ode to Cologne.....title by JCW!
... It was just sprinkling, really, but we got damp. We found a different route to the main part of town....sort of by accident...but it included lots of tunnels, so we were able to avoid much of the rain. John had his heart set on a cafe across the street from our hotel that served Weiner schnitzel. We've not seen that on a lot of menus because it's a Bavarian dish and we are north of Bavaria....but the cafe was closed early, probably because of no business ...
Other places to stay in Cologne
Hilton CologneInnenstadt, Cologne | 5 star hotelfrom $119
- Good service, but poor quality
- Just great, from start to finish...!
- Just Superb
Barcelo Cologne City CenterInnenstadt, Cologne | 4 star hotelfrom $89
- Excellent Hotel and close to the Christmas markets
- Crowne Plaza, cologne - great hotel
- Great Hotel
Hyatt Regency CologneInnenstadt, Cologne | 5 star hotelfrom $173
Radisson Blu Hotel, CologneInnenstadt, Cologne | 4 star hotelfrom $122
- Excellent place
- Ultra modern 5* quality hotel
- Excellent Hotel, good value
Maritim Hotel KoelnInnenstadt, Cologne | 4 star hotelfrom $170
Dorint An der Messe KolnInnenstadt, Cologne | 4 star hotelfrom $123
- Tolles Erlebnis
- Liebe es , hier zu wohnen
- Love staying here
Dorint Hotel am Heumarkt KolnAltstadt-Nord, Cologne | 5 star hotelfrom $157
- Great value for money! One of the best hotels!
- Excellent service wonderful location.
- The best hotel I've been to, period.
Cologne Marriott HotelAltstadt-Nord, Cologne | 5 star hotelfrom $151
- Excellent: Looking forward to returning!
- Perfect Hotel!
- Oasis
Pullman CologneHelenenstrasse 14, Cologne | 4 star hotelfrom $67
- Nothing outstanding about this hotel
- Dorint congress cologne germany
- Excellent location and great service
Mercure Hotel Severinshof Koeln CityInnenstadt, Cologne | 4 star hotelfrom $88
- Excellent
- Nice and quiet hotel
- Very comfortable hotel
Lindner Hotel City PlazaInnenstadt, Cologne | 5 star hotelfrom $128
- Very nice stay
- Good hotel, near the city
- Many errors
Novotel Koeln CityInnenstadt, Cologne | 4 star hotelfrom $99
Hotel Mondial am Dom Cologne - MGalleryInnenstadt, Cologne | 5 star hotelfrom $158
- Well designed, but tiny rooms
- Superb!
- Fantastic location, great bed and super shower
Leonardo Hotel Cologne Bonn AirportPorz, Cologne | 4 star hotelfrom $109
BEST WESTERN PREMIER Hotel Park Consul KolnMülheim, Cologne | 4 star hotelfrom $75
NH Koeln CityInnenstadt, Cologne | 4 star hotelfrom $87
Royal Hotel Am HansaringInnenstadt, Cologne | 3 star hotelfrom $75
Mercure Hotel Koeln WestLindenthal, Cologne | 4 star hotelfrom $74
Flandrischer HofInnenstadt, Cologne | 3 star hotelfrom $78
- Really impressed
- Fabulous! A real gem of a hotel.
- Great piano bar
Leonardo Royal Hotel Koln - Am StadtwaldLindenthal, Cologne | 4 star hotelfrom $103
Wyndham KoelnAltstadt-Nord, Cologne | 4 star hotelfrom $98
- Great location and great view!!
- Great Location
- Nice hotel, good value
Leonardo Hotel CologneMülheim, Cologne | 4 star hotelfrom $68
Ameron Hotel RegentEhrenfeld, Cologne | 4 star hotelfrom $92
NH Hotel Media ParkInnenstadt, Cologne | 4 star hotelfrom $83
Azimut Hotel Cologne City CenterNeustadt-Nord, Cologne | 4 star hotelfrom $74
Dorint Hotel K�ln-JunkersdorfLindenthal, Cologne | 4 star hotelfrom $80

subset: commoncrawl


text: Everything about this hotel's presentation is truly gorgeous and delightful. The rooms are beautiful and comfortable, and all the common areas are inviting and classy. The staff is so friendly, and each of the people I encountered was a personification of the hotel's enchanting culture. I really did not want to ever leave, and now cannot wait to return.


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Theater tickets are a special treat for people of all ages. The art form dates back to ancient Greece, and has since evolved to incorporate plays, musicals, dramas, comedies, and even family-friendly shows. Indulge in the arts with The Burlesque Show tickets!
|Date & Time
Oct 31, 2015
|Ruby Revue Burlesque Show
|Dallas, TX
House Of Blues - Dallas
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Posted April 06, 2012 on AP on Fox
Last season, the Detroit Red Wings nearly dashed the Chicago Blackhawks' playoff hopes in the final game of the regular season. This time, the Blackhawks could play a spoiler of sorts in Saturday's finale at Joe Louis Arena with a chance to help deny the Red Wings home-ice advantage for the first round of the playoffs. Chicago fell 4-3 to visiting Detroit on the last day of the 2010-11 regular season and only got into the playoffs because of Dallas' loss in Minnesota later that day. The Blackhawks (44-26-11) spared themselves the same drama this season by wrapping up their postseason berth before the start of this month. Chicago, though, won't begin its fourth consecutive playoff appearance at home because it can finish no better than fifth in the Western Conference. The Red Wings, meanwhile, trail fourth-place Nashville by one point heading into Saturday. Detroit (48-28-5) needs a win and a regulation loss from the Predators later in the day to clinch home-ice advantage for a ...
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830 Wadsworth Blvd
(303) 202-0686
(N Of 6th Ave)
Driving directions
83 reviews
Moving to or from Lakewood, CO, 80214? Get FREE truck rental rate quotes at U-Haul Moving & Storage of Lakewood. U-Haul rental trucks are specifically engineered from the ground up to assist moving families, not freight. Our moving trucks have more safety features than other moving trucks in the industry including gentle ride suspension and high visibility mirrors to assist the driver. Whether you are moving a smaller apartment or a large four-bedroom house, U-Haul truck rentals in Lakewood, CO will provide you with the moving truck rental you need to get from point A to point B. Find the perfect size moving truck to assist with your move, U-Haul is home of the $19.95 rental truck!
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U-Haul cargo van rentals and pickup trucks in Lakewood, CO are perfect for home improvement projects, deliveries and other small loads. Rent cargo vans or pickups to save money on local moving or deliveries. Cargo van and pickup truck rentals are popular with local business, college students and smaller housing moves in Lakewood, CO, 80214. Our moving van rentals include air conditioning, rub rails to protect your belongings and come equipped with a hitch to tow a trailer rental. U-Haul is the home of the $19.95 cargo van rental in Lakewood, CO, reserve a van for your moving needs from U-Haul Moving & Storage of Lakewood!
Fast and friendly
The person that helped me when I returned the truck was helpful, nice, and excellent. The person that checked me out in the morning, not so much. Probably would not go back to that location, even though it is the closest to my storage - there are so many other options.
they were more than helpful and courtious
Check in was quick; check out took a long time and the employee/manager made me back in my own trailer. I rent with u-haul every quarter and this had never happened. I said something and he seemed put off by me saying something. I needed to be out of there and it took a lot of extra time. Check out took too long. There were no other customers and the time was inexplicable. Overall, the experience would have been positive had the check out not been so befuddled.
Your staff at this location is extremely friendly and professional. "D" in particular does a great job. He had already checked out what I would need for trailer lights before I got to the desk! On check-in I was a little challenged backing the trailer and got help from your guy - I think I can do it now. I will be coming back to this location in the future. Thanks so much - this was a great experience.
You are providing great service I don't think you need to change a thing
Garrison provided impeccable customer service.
It'd be nice if there wasn't just one person working on busy Sunday's. There were 10 people in line as soon as the doors I locked at 9.
Guy was actually closed but still took care of me.
They accomodated my upgrading to larger truck without any problems.
Can't think of anything. Service was excellent!
Great service
It seems like the man working at this location the Thursday morning I picked up the truck and also Saturday morning when I had the tow-dolly attached needed more help. He was the only person I saw and appeared to do everything for all customers that morning.
Great customer service by the manager on duty on the morning of September 20th, 2015. Truck was clean and pickup was seamless. Would recommend.
I will certainly go back. It wasn't perfect, but when I showed up, the GM was the only one working and despite having 4 or 5 customers, I had to wait a lot less time than I have at other locations with fewer customers. When I came back, it was super crowded. I didn't have to wait, but I did so I could park the trailer where they wanted. Go in with patience and should be a good experience.
I've been to this uhaul location a few times and the staff this visit was different. The previous two guys that used to work here were much better. I found the staff from today's visit unfriendly. When I was picking up the truck, the man whom answers the phone told the person on the other end it was very busy...yet I was the only person in the store.
Before you promise something, make sure what you promise can be done.
Cluttered store. Boxes in front of door and like walking through a maze to get to front counter.
The truck we were provided was not even safe to be on the road. We almost died trying to get it into the high country. Truck was practically falling apart and one of my staff was even injured by the glove box lid smashing onto his knees. Truck took many attempts to get started and the suspension was so bad almost everything fragile we transported was damaged. Worst rental ever!!
The truck was not safe. I brakes and power steering failed at the same time, almost causing a rollover.
It was clear that fluid had been leaking for some time and had been driven with low or no fluid in the past. Uhaul simply keep filling the resevoir, not making the repair. No Brakes, No steering on a 26ft truck. Wow.
Don't send out trailers that haven't been properly maintained.
Construction made it difficult to gain entry to the location. Friendly and courtesy service.
Very knowledgeable and service oriented employee that helped my upgrade from a 2 wheel car dolly to a trailer. I had to haul a vehicle with oversized tires, he showed me what to buy and how to secure the vehicle. The store had the tow straps he recommended and got me on my way very efficiently. Great store, Great service.
Be more friendlier. Also specify to customer what to do when customer needs to drop off keys during after hours.
This website is owned and operated by Web Team Associates, Inc.
Copyright ©
U-Haul International, Inc. All rights reserved.
U-Haul International, Inc.'s trademarks and copyrights are used under license by Web Team Associates, Inc.
To reserve by phone, call 1-800-GO-UHAUL (1-800-468-4285)


text:
das fötzchen würd ich gern stöhnen hörn
All Comments (13)
das fötzchen würd ich gern stöhnen hörn
I seduced my uncle like that he fucked hell out of me, everytime they come to visit he would find away to fuck me.
The truth is when my sister come home from coll, for spring break she was wearing a short dress panties showing well I had not had any for awhile she bent over to get something out of the frig, when I walked up behind her and said I told you I cant take you dressing like that pull her panties to the side and pounded her the pounded her on the sink, back to the sofa from the sofa to the chair, umm her pussy is hot to be my sister she wrote me a letter from coll, and said sh hasnt been able to find a big dick like I have, I told her then you havnt seen our dads dick. its really huge probably 12,13 inches mine 11 inches
these girls r so sexy i want to fuck them
Anyone know his name?
Hmmmm...me encantarÃa que me follasen asà de rico.
She is really a slut for taking off her panties to get the tatoo up and to the right of her pussy.
love this
Very Good video....FUNNY AND hot!
she kinda reminds me of Felicia Day... too bad that's not really her.
wish she'd taken that silly top off


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|Key Info
A beautifully appointed character 4 bedroom town house providing self-catering accommodation in Cardiff's Pontcanna District, close to cafes & bars. Sleeps up to 10. Maison Galles is graded 4-star by Visit Wales.
The town house is furnished to a high standard with the comfort of the self catering visitor in mind. There are stripped wooden floors throughout, a character chunky Victorian staircase and French antique beds. .
|Sleeps up to 10, 4 bedrooms
|4 bedrooms, 2 bathrooms of which 1 Family bathrooms and 1 En suites
|Will consider
|Corporate bookings, Long term lets (over 1 month)
|Car not necessary
|Nearest travel links
|Nearest airport: Cardiff International Airport 15 km, Nearest railway: Cardiff Central 1.5 km
|Family friendly
|Great for children of all ages
|Some pets are welcome - please contact the owner, No smoking at this property
|DVD player
|Central heating, TV, CD player, Wi-Fi available
|Kettle, Toaster, Iron, Hair dryer
|Cooker, Microwave, Fridge, Freezer, Washing machine
|1 Sofa beds, Double beds (2), Single beds (4), Dining seats for 8, Lounge seats for 6
|Linen provided, Towels provided
|Private garden
|Suitable for people with restricted mobility, Not suitable for wheelchair users
|Further details indoors
The comfortable lounge area is equipped with 42" plasma TV with Freeview, DVD and music system for your entertainment and there are digital radios in each room with integrated iPod docking stations.
The fully equipped kitchen is complete with range cooker, fridge freezer and washing machine for your convenience.,
Maison Galles now offers bespoke inhouse dining services for special occasions. Service includes your own chef, waiters and winewaters, crisp linen and a choice of fine dining options. Prices start from 40 pounds per head. Please enquire for further information.
|Further details outdoors
The property offers a decked terrace area to the rear of the property with dining table and chairs for alfresco dining
Cardiff is a young and bustling capital city with great shopping and nightlife to match. From Victorian tree-lined avenues to the glossy Bay area, there is something for everyone here. The famous Millennium Stadium is a ten minute stroll from the apartment or take a trip to the Bay to see the Millennium Centre and catch a musical or play, take a tour of the Senedd (the seat of the Welsh National Assembly) or just browse the shops in Mermaid Quay. You might also like to catch a water taxi to Victorian Penarth. Cardiff has one of the best shopping centres in the UK and the new St Davids 2 Centre brings John Lewis and a host of other prestigious retailers to the city. Nightlife is well catered for whatever your interests.
Pontcanna is the upmarket leafy district of Cardiff with streets lined with cafes, bars and designer boutiques. You are also on the doorstep of the magnificent Pontcanna Fields, Cardiff's answer to Central Park! The beauty of Pontcanna is that while it is a 5 minutes walk from central Cardiff it feels like another city altogether. Sip lattes, enjoy a brunch, choose a bunch of exotic flowers or let your wallet free on some French antiques. It's all here.


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Notebak Alarm
One of the most popular easy to use anti-theft and Identity Theft Protection applications with free options. Notebak Alarm is used...
One of the most popular easy to use anti-theft and Identity Theft Protection applications with free options. Notebak Alarm is used...
The Free Software Foundation has announced Libiquity's Taurinus X200 laptop has met its strict requirements for being a free-software computer, including replacing Intel's Management Engine firmware.
Even when users reinstalled a clean version of Windows on some Lenovo devices, the software would still reappear.
The Librem 15 Linux laptop has surpassed the $250-thousand goal it needed to launch.
The software helps users move files from their Android, iOS, and Windows devices to an Intel-powered laptop running the Chrome OS.
There are lots of Linux laptops, but none that have the Free Software Foundation's blessings. That may change.
One of the most popular anti-theft protection applications that is highly recommended by PC Magazine, Notebak Anti-Theft is used for...
HP's new dirt-cheap Windows laptop looks like a Chromebook and is practically the same dimensions as a MacBook Air. Just don't call it a netbook.
The budget device maker creates a netbook that is even cheaper than competing Chromebooks -- if you're willing to use Android as your notebook OS.
During its Q1 earnings call, Intel execs discussed thin notebooks using the forthcoming Atom platform being available by the holiday season at a bargain price.
The cloud-based laptops are now available in Australia, but at a slightly higher price point, and not via Google Play.
Sponsored by SAP
CIOs seem to be more interested in Windows 8 tablets, even while showing little interest in it on desktop and conventional notebook PCs.
Price of Google laptop is attractive for cash-strapped businesses, but concerns about offline use and its lack of backward software compatibility will curb its adoption in the enterprise space.
PC giant Lenovo will buy Stoneware, a U.S.-based software firm, to help connect devices to each other through the cloud.
Actually, it's not just because of Windows 8. It's just that it turns out we don't need netbooks anymore.
The wildly popular Xbox 360 gestire-control accessory now has a PC equivalent, and Microsoft is pushing the device as a new way to control Windows
Vizio, a US leader in HDTV sets, plans to reveal details of its entry into the notebook and all-in-one market at CES 2012, after using the show last year to launch its Via tablet
Well, I did it again - another new netbook/sub-laptop. I have a good reason this time, though, because several of my netbooks have gone to new homes recently, and another is likely to go in the near future.
Cameraphones are now the main way that consumers share photos, rather than by email, according to a survey of 2,000 British and American consumers by Futuresource Consulting. The results are frequently viewed on a laptop or netbook PC by UK consumers, though "consumers in the USA tend to use the desktop PC," the company says.
Have you ever considered how your website looks if the user has images turned off?I only ask because I have tethered my Android phone to my laptop using EasyTether (darned proprietary software but I couldn't get the Free stuff to work).
HP has announced the Folio 13, its first ultra-slim laptop designed to fit squarely within the ultrabook category of devices being promoted by Intel and going up against the MacBook Air
The upcoming MacBook Air -- Apple's netbook -- could be the most cost effective, efficient laptop for the busy academic lifestyle.
Classic Steve Jobs disses you can put on your next resignation letter
Windows 10
With new Surface Book and Surface Pro 4, Microsoft aims high
For privacy and security, change these iOS 9 settings immediately
Surface Pro 4 and Surface Book mean business, but no big threat to Apple
Windows 10
Surface Book: Microsoft's first laptop, coming October 26 starting at $1,499


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Home > Gaming > PC, Mac Gaming > PC, Mac Games
CompuExpert Flying Club Collection (PC)
Available for In-Store Pickup Only.
Just Flight's award-winning General Aviation expansion has now been fully updated for Flight Simulator X and comes with new content and features. The four most popular light aircraft in the world - and also the all-new Schweizer 300CBi helicopter - make this the club to join!This is the definitive GA collection in one pack. Flying Club X features the PA28-161 Warrior, PA38-112 Tomahawk, C152, the twin-engined PA34-200T Seneca II and the Schweizer S300CBi helicopter. All the aircraft have authentic and realistic avionics suites and an additional set of colour schemes as well as the default specimens. All aircraft come with a variety of international registrations making this a truly multinational way to fly.
Product Information
Mfr Part#
Additional Required Software
Required Software
Add-on for Microsoft Flight Simulator 2004, X
Media Type
E: Everyone
Rating Explanation
Titles rated E (Everyone) have content that may be suitable for ages 6 and older. Titles in this category may contain minimal cartoon, fantasy or mild violence and/or infrequent use of mild language.
Flight Simulation
System Requirements
Supported Windows Operating Systems
Windows 7 / Vista / XP
Minimum Processor Required
Pentium III 1.7GHz or Faster
Minimum RAM Required
Minimum Hard Drive Space
Peripheral Devices Required
DVD-ROM Drive, 3D Video Card with 64MB Video Memory
API Supported
DirectX 9.0
What's in the Box
What's in the Box
DVD-ROM, Instruction Manual
Important Add-Ons
Questions and Answers
More Info
Warranty & Support
Vendor Support:
- Main Website: www.compuexpert.com/
- Support Phone #: 877.599.7378
Micro Center Return Policy:
We guarantee your satisfaction on every product we sell with a full refund — and you won't even need a receipt.* We want you to be satisfied with your Micro Center purchase. However, if you need help or need to return an item, we're here for you!
If an item you have purchased from us is not working as expected, please visit one of our in-store Knowledge Experts for free help, where they can solve your problem or even exchange the item for a product that better suits your needs.
If you need to return an item, simply bring it back to any Micro Center store for a full refund or exchange.
*If you are a Micro Center Insider or if you have provided us with validated contact information (name, address, email address), you won't even need your receipt.
General Return Policy
Desktop / notebook computers, tablets, processors, motherboards, digital cameras, camcorders and projectors, 3D printers, 3D scanners, and CD/DVD duplicators may be returned within 15 days of purchase. All other products may be returned within 30 days of purchase. Merchandise must be in new condition, with original carton / UPC, and all packaging / accessories / materials. If you need to return software, a game or a movie, remember that you may not retain any copies — it's not legal, and it's not nice.
Wireless Phones & Devices
Wireless phones and devices may be returned within 14 days of purchase. When returning a wireless phone or device with a plan, you are responsible for ensuring that your service is cancelled with the carrier. If you don't cancel your service, you may incur additional charges from your carrier. All carrier charges are your responsibility.
Digital Downloads
All Digital Download sales are final and are not eligible for return or refund under the Micro Center Return Policy.
Using the software may require the use of a computer or other device that must meet minimum system requirements. It is recommended that you familiarize yourself with the system requirements before making your purchase. Software system requirements are typically found on the Product information specification page.
Aerial Drones
Micro Center is happy to honor its customary 30-day return policy for Aerial Drone returns due to product defect or customer dissatisfaction. Unfortunately, we cannot accept returns with damage due to pilot error. So let's be careful out there!
Refunds will be credited to the credit card or debit card account used for the original purchase.
Micro Center Support:
|Free Walk-in Tech Support
|As a service to our customers, Micro Center offers free in-store technical support. Stop in any of our store locations during regular business hours, and our expert staff will answer your computer questions or help you with issues regarding:
|Support from Home or Office
If you need help with hardware or software products purchased from Micro Center, please contact one of our knowledgeable tech support reps by live chat or email.
|Free assistance is available for the first 30 days on new purchases, excluding internal hardware installations or networking support. Your invoice reference number will be required for free assistance.
We accept the following credit cards: Micro Center VISA® credit card with WorldPoints® Rewards; VISA; MasterCard; American Express; Novus/Discover.
|Learn more about our exclusive Priority Care Program. You'll have access to our in-house Technical Support team of certified technology professionals trained to assist you on a variety of PC and Mac related support issues.


text:
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Tote Bag
Peachby Lyle Hatch
Our quality crafted Tote Bags are hand sewn in America using durable, yet lightweight, poly poplin fabric. All seams and stress points are double stitched for durability. Available in 13" x 13", 16" x 16" and 18" x 18" variations, the tote bags are washable, feature original artwork on both sides and a sturdy 1" wide cotton webbing strap for comfortably carrying over your shoulder.
gorgeous design
Thank you so much!
wonderful design
Great work!
Thanks Maggie & Viviana!
very nice
nice colour
Thank you Armine, Texnotropio, Lizzy, and catspaws!
Lovely! It looks great on everything!!
Wow, thanks!
cute design!
Thank you, withlovedc!
Thank you to the buyer who purchased the pillow cover yesterday!
Thank you to the buyer who purchased the pillow cover yesterday!
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text: Info Search results 98 items matching your search terms. Filter the results. Item type Select All/None Collection Page Event File Folder Form Folder Image Link News Item Templated Document Collection (old-style) Person New items since Yesterday Last week Last month Ever Sort by relevance · date (newest first) · alphabetically Researchers find new approach to treat drug-resistant HER2-positive breast cancer Using human cancer cell lines, UNC scientists identified various ways that HER2-positive breast cancer tumors resist therapy, and they discovered a potential combination therapy to overcome multiple mechanisms of resistance and kill cancer cells. Located in News UNC Lineberger-led study tests drug strategy for aggressive breast cancer in the brain Results from a UNC Lineberger-led study were published Monday in the journal Molecular Cancer Therapeutics. The pre-clinical study was the first to investigate one particular drug strategy as a treatment for breast cancer after it's spread to the brain. Located in News Researchers explore roots of breast cancer disparities at symposium A symposium co-sponsored by the UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center brought leading breast cancer researchers together Friday to share findings about the genetic and environmental factors driving disparities in the disease's incidence and mortality. Located in News Sherdinia Thompson-Dunn Leading an active life can help women treated for breast cancer live longer and healthier lives. Just ask Sherdinia Thompson-Dunn of Carrboro, NC. Thompson-Dunn, a 1967 graduate of UNC, found some pleasant surprises when she began a self-directed walking program in October 2013 following treatment for breast cancer. Located in Patient Stories / Patient Stories Gallery / Breast Cancer Perou recognized as health care innovator, awarded Triangle Business Journal honor Charles M. Perou, PhD, professor of genetics and pathology at the University of North Carolina School of Medicine and the basic science leader of the UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center Breast Cancer Research Program, has been acknowledged as a health care innovator by the Triangle Business Journal. During an awards ceremony on Thursday, Perou was selected from a pool of candidates as the finalist in the 2015 TBJ Health Care Heroes – Innovator category. Located in News Melissa Troester, PhD – Team Science at its Best UNC Lineberger member Melissa Troester, PhD, values a team approach in her work and her personal life. As co-leader of the cancer center's Cancer Epidemiology Program, Troester's work is an important part of UNC Lineberger's interdisciplinary research on the causes of breast cancer and the translational research on strategies of prevention, treatment and cure. Located in News Breast cancer prevention drug benefit varies among at-risk women, study finds After weighing the risk of serious side effects with the benefits of a breast cancer prevention drug, a study led by a University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill researcher found that the drug's benefits outweighed risks for most, but not all women. Located in News Tumor microenvironment is a rough neighborhood for nanoparticle cancer drugs Researchers look at area around tumors to help personalize treatment for triple-negative breast cancer Located in News UNC Lineberger members present at 2014 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium UNC Lineberger members Lisa Carey, MD, Chuck Perou, PhD, Hyman Muss, MD, Carey Anders, MD, and Katherine Hoadley, PhD will present at leading breast cancer research symposium. Located in News Carey named newly elected member of ASCO Nominating Committee Lisa Carey, MD, medical director of the UNC Breast Center, division chief of hematology and oncology at the UNC School of Medicine, and physician-in-chief of the N.C. Cancer Hospital, has been named to the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Nominating Committee. An ASCO member since 1997, Carey will serve a three-year term on the committee. Located in News « Previous 10 items Next 10 items » 1 [2] 3 4 5 6 7 ... 10


text:
227, Wilmslow Road, Handforth, SK9 3JZ
0161 437 5511
A message from Jo, the store manager: If you're travelling to Lakeland in Handforth for a specific product, please telephone us beforehand on 0161 437 5511 to check availability.
Event Friday 25th September, 10am - 2pm.: We will be holding a cake sale for Macmillan Cancer Support. We do hope you can pop along and join us.
We're located on Wilmslow Road opposite The Manchester Hallmark Hotel, and next door to the Waggon and Horses pub. The Manchester Hallmark Hotel is signposted in the local area.
If you are travelling down the M60, exit at junction 3 and join the A34, then join the A555 by taking the 3rd exit off the 3rd roundabout, following signs for Heald Green, Manchester Airport and Manchester Hallmark Hotel. Go to the end of the A555 and turn right: you'll see us on the left-hand side.
For those of you travelling from the Alderley Edge direction, take the first exit off the roundabout after Handforth Dean (Tesco and Marks & Spencer) and follow the A555 as above.
If using a sat nav you are best to look out for signs for The Manchester Hallmark Hotel once in the local area.
Handforth station is a bit of a walk away (20 or 30 minutes). However, buses are available from the station every hour or so - get the number 130 heading north along Wilmslow Road; there's a bus stop located directly opposite the store.
Please note
All enquiries, mail orders and catalogue requests are handled by our friendly and knowledgeable staff at our Windermere headquarters. They're available to help you on 015394 88100.
If you're not delighted with your purchase or our service, or find the same product elsewhere for less, please tell us so that we can put it right.


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Recent reviews in Vezzo
Locanda Verbena Caffe'
"Excellent Dining Choice"
"Paola, is a charming hostess who serves some interesting dishes. Atmosphere is very pretty, and service is warm and cordial. I had porcini risotto one night, and a fish I had never tried before, Orata another night. Both were excellent. Her desserts are outstanding. . "
Locanda Verbena Caffe'
"Highly recommended"
"We recently had dinner at Locanda Verbena,the evening was a special summer seafood menu and dining was accompanied by a local pianist. The welcome as always was exceptional,warm and inviting, and the food was exceptional, very tasty and beautifully served and presented. Paola, Loredana, and brother
Luciano are to be complimented on their high standards and consistency , their eye for detail and genuine customer care ensures you'll be well looked after. We own La Casa Del Giardiniere Bed and Breakfast locally and have no hesitation in directing our guests to this restaurant, knowing the client will return full of glowing comments. Thank you for a wonderful evening, we will be back again soon. Our Best regards David and Penny "
More >
Ristorante La Cascinetta
"Try the new sampler menu...as always fantastic value"
"Congratulations to La Cascinetta for taking the initiative in this highly competitive market. Without sacrificing quality they have introduced a "sampler menu". It is literally a taste of dishes on each course from the days menu. A great concept giving everyone an opportunity to enjoy a wide variety
of tastes. Tghe usual high standard of presentation and service...all this for €35.00 euros which is truly fantastic value. We wish you continued success! David (Stropino Kid) Owner of La Casa del Giardiniere, Bed and Breakfast. "
More >
Ristorante La Cascinetta
"One of my favorite"
"If you come to Lago Maggiore, you definitely need to visit this lovely restaurant with excellent cuisine and homelike interior. All people there are very friendly and trying to do the best for you. Cook is maestro, I love his seafood and meat! They also have a big collection of very good wine. La
Cascinetta is one of the restaurants that I want to come back to and would recommend to my friends. "
More >
Locanda Verbena Caffe'
"Worth visiting"
"We went 2 adults and 2 children, and had a wonderfull meal. We regret, that we only ate at this restaurant once during our stay at lago maggiore."
Ristorante La Cascinetta
"Fabulous hill top hideaway"
"Lovely restaurant set in the hills above Stresa. Simple but perfect menu. Great value for money too."
Ristorante La Cascinetta
"Food glorious food!"
"What a lovely local restaurant. Food cooked to order and a very good choice. All food portions very generous and so delicious. Help with tweaking menu to personal choice. We could walk here from where we were staying, a real extra benefit and that real feeling of being away."
Locanda Verbena Caffe'
"Cosy and friendly place"
"We had an excellent diner there, the restaurant room is warm and welcoming. The people are friendly, and I had a very good osso bucco. The wine list is varied, and deserts are original, all of that for a decent price. Highly recommended restaurant ! "
Ristorante La Cascinetta
"Without exaggeration; words cannot describe"
"My fiance and I have been here many times before, the moment we've set foot in this place we've become regulars. In fact, we love it so much that we will have our wedding here in December. It's a family business run by mother, father and 2 sons, each one of them doing an incredible job. They are s
o kind, professional and knowledgeable at the same time, that it makes the whole gastronomic journey even more unforgettable. Food is from another world, and Giancarlo's wine recommendations are always dead on. The risotto with chestnut was so incredible that we had to put it on our wedding menu. And the sweet he prepared in front of me in a copper pan was not only spectacular to watch but the ingredients were in such harmony I couldn't believe it. From outside it's a sweet little cottage, with a nice little forest on its other side. Highly, highly recommended. "
More >
Ristorante La Cascinetta
"Firstly the countryside setting is idyllic, quiet and set with a woodland backdrop. We found the staff extremely helpful and attentive. Now to the food and wine - just great. Well presented and superb. A varied menu and excellent wine. In all, a delightful experience on our last night in th
e area. "
More >
Bar Piola Pizzeria Lanterna
"Wonderful pizza"
"We were staying near Gignese and on a Friday evening were looking for something non formal to eat. This place was perfect. Ate wonderful pizza. There was salsa music playing in the bar with many people dancing. This place even has a swimming pool."
Locanda Verbena Caffe'
"Excellent italian food"
"When order, listen recomendations from the owner - we had such a wonderfull dinner. Twice! Fresh food and big size portions as well."
Locanda Verbena Caffe'
"Always so welcoming, and never disappoints"
"My wife and I have just returned from a a lovely lunch at Locanda Verbena. This was an informal reunion with distant friends, making up a party of nine. The welcome and general atmosphere was as always just so welcoming, and the food simply never disappoints. The dining room in particular was so be
autifully presented, with warm festive colours, and a spectacular open fire. Thank you Paola, Loredana and Luciano for all your hard work, and for making this little "get together" something special "
More >
Bar Piola Pizzeria Lanterna
"Fabulous !!"
"We went there on a fridayafternoon in August . Me and my family were staying in stresa for a short holliday. We found this restaurant and were blown away by the location, beautifully situated in the mountains surrounding stresa , the facilities, there even was a beautifull swimmingpool and the grea
t staff, funny and helpfull pool-guy and dutch/german/englisch speaking waitress!! We came in at three and stayed at the pool with our Son for a couple of hours. Ordered a few drinks( cold draft Heineken beer). At five we asked if we could stay for a pizza but we didn t know the kitchen did not open till 7. Just as we wanted to leave the owner came to us and said: no problem , i'll start up the oven right now especcialy for you. We where honoured by That and asked wich pizza was the specialty of the house. Then we waited and once we got our pizza it was fabulous. If you decide to go there , try the pizza lanterna( see picture). THE BEST PIZZA I EVER HAD. Afterwards i Spoke to the owner/ Coo... "
More >
La Club House - Golf Club Alpino
"The first Italian Open was here"
"A lovely restaurant beautiful views over the course and great food. If you are keen on golf you will enjoy looking at the memorabilia."
Ristorante La Cascinetta
"Fantastic! "
"We had a super meal here on our second night in Stresa. The range of food was excellent - we both had starters and main course but couldn't fit in a desert! My boyfriend doesn't like mushrooms - and they did not hesitate to make his steak without a mushroom sauce. I had risotto with goats cheese and
figs and it was to die for. Because we had driven up from Stresa we didn't want a whole bottle of wine and although no wines were listed by the glass when we made the request they were happy to oblige! Very impressed! Deserts looked great! Wished I'd had room! "
More >
Ristorante La Cascinetta
"Words cannot describe"
"Where to start...Giancarlo is one of the nicest and most knowledgable restauranteurs we ever met. His wine recommendation was exquisite. As we are very picky eaters, he managed to stretch the limits of the kitchen's flexibility to our personal taste, from the starters, through the main courses, and
with the desserts. La Cascinetta has exceeded our high expectations by a wide margin. Looking forward to recommending this restaurant to everyone we know. "
More >
Ristorante La Cascinetta
"Brilliant restaurant "
"Best Italian restaurant for the past 2 weeks. Absolutely brilliant! Do not be put off by the outdoor photos! The food is delicious!"
Ristorante La Cascinetta
"A special find near Stresa"
"Once you navigate the roads to this restaurant, you will not be sorry. The restaurant is family run and operated and the service and the food is superb. We are so glad that the owner of our B and B told us about this restaurant. It was a delightful Italian experience and you could tell that the fami
ly prided themselves on their food and presentation. "
More >
Ristorante La Cascinetta
"If you are in Lago Maggiore do not miss this restaurant."
"We have a second home in the area and have been to this restaurant many times. The food is fantastic and the choice of wine incredible. It is as good as any Michelin Star restaurant we have ever been to. It is family run the staff are fantastic and it is good value for money. We try to go every tom
e we are in Gignese. It is probably one of our favorite restaurants in the world.There is always a surprise. "
More >
Ristorante La Cascinetta
"Number 1 in (or near) Stresa"
"We only found this wonderful restaurant because it was recommended to us by a shopkeeper in Stresa (if it was listed under Stresa I am pretty sure it would be number 1 there as well !). It is about a 10 minute drive from Stresa but the hotel we stayed at helped us book a taxi (they arranged with the
restaurant to call the taxi company when we had finished our meal). We got a table overlooking the lawn and forrest behind it, and windows opened up completely which gave the feeling of sitting outside. The food recommendations a pairings with wine were spot on and well worth a Michelin star or two! BEST DINING EXPERIENCE IN STRESA !! "
More >
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Certificate of Excellence
Ristorante La Cascinetta
#1 of 4 Restaurants in Vezzo
168 reviews
Brilliant restaurant
Visitor photos (48)
Certificate of Excellence
Locanda Verbena Caffe'
#2 of 4 Restaurants in Vezzo
33 reviews
Excellent italian food
Always so welcoming, and never dis...
Visitor photos (2)
La Club House - Golf Club Alpino
#3 of 4 Restaurants in Vezzo
4 reviews
The first Italian Open was here
Bar Piola Pizzeria Lanterna
#4 of 4 Restaurants in Vezzo
24 reviews
Fabulous !!
Wonderful pizza
$6 - $28
Visitor photos (11)
Fast Food
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- ITV Report
Live updates
- ITV Report
Weekend weather for the ITV Border region
Fine weekend once early mist lifts, foggy nights. Unsettled new week, windier alsoRead the full story ›
Watch Representing Border online.
Nicola Sturgeon accuses her opponents of political mud-slinging as she's forced to answer searching questions over the property dealings of the senior Nationalist MP who's been suspended from the SNP. And we're doing great - Jeremy Corbyn's message to his Scottish party as he comes north for the first time since his election as Labour leader.
- ITV Report
Latest weather for Thursday and beyond across Border
Turning cooler and cloudier over the weekend. Unsettled but milder next weekRead the full story ›
Appeal after another deliberate fire in Dumfries and Galloway
Police are appealing for witnesses after another fire was deliberately started in Dumfries and Galloway.
Sometime between 22 and 29 September a new flat-packed garden shed was set on fire and completely destroyed.
It happened at a storage site in the Maxwelltown Industrial Estate in Dumfries, and the shed was worth around £500.
This was a reckless act which could have had some serious implications if other items or property in the yard had caught fire. Those responsible have had to break into the yard in order to carry out this act.
We are appealing to anyone who may seen any suspicious activity in the Maxwelltown Industrial Estate area over the past week to call us here at Dumfries on 101."
It follows an appeal the police sent out yesterday, after two other fires in the region which are thought to have been started deliberately:
Traffic delays expected in Dumfries
Roadworks for a new traffic system at Three Road Ends in Dumfries is expected to cause major delays.
The work will start on Monday 12 October, lasting for three weeks through the school holidays.
The new traffic system is hoped to ease congestion and benefit drivers in the long term.
Whether you are driving to work, cycling to the university and college or taking the bus to a hospital appointment, please be understanding of the situation. Plan ahead and give yourself extra time to complete your journey. I am confident the new traffic signal equipment will ease congestion in the area long-term."
WATCH: bus crash pupils return to Dalbeattie Academy
Fifty-four pupils from Dalbeattie Academy have returned home, after they were caught up in a bus crash on a school trip to France:
Police concern for missing Corsock man
Police Scotland are growing increasingly concerned about a man from Corsock who is missing.
Kristian Lee Wilson, 41, was last seen in Edinburgh on Tuesday 22 September 2015, but there has been no contact with him since.
He is around six-feet tall, of medium build with hazel eyes and receding short blond hair.
Anyone who may have spoken to Kristian recently, or knows of his current whereabouts is asked to contact us through the 101 system."
Bus crash pupils arrive home in Dalbeattie
Pupils and staff involved in a bus crash, while on a school trip to France, arrived back in Dumfries and Galloway today.
Eight pupils and one teacher from Dalbeattie High School were taken to hospital following the crash in Normandy on Monday.
The teacher had to be cut from the bus, and suffered serious leg injuries, but the pupils have all now been discharged.
Fifty-four students from Dalbeattie were on the trip.
Watch Representing Border online
The First Minister says she knew nothing of the business dealings of a Nationalist MP connected with property deals now under investigation by police. And the SNP members who say it's time for the government to come off the fence on fracking.
Dumfries and Galloway fires thought to be deliberate
Police are appealing for witnesses after two suspicious fires in Dumfries and Galloway.
First, the front door and letterbox of a flat in Kirkcudbright were damaged by fire at around 3pm on Tuesday 29 September.
A neighbour extinguished the flames at the flat on Dee Road, and police now believe it was started deliberately.
The consequences of such a reckless act don't bear thinking about in this case. We want to hear from anyone who may have seen anyone acting suspiciously around the Dee Road area, and in particular in the vicinity of the flats around 1500 hours yesterday. Callers with information should call us at Kirkcudbright on 101."
Another incident was reported at 12:20am today (Wednesday 30 September), when a car in Dumfries was set on fire.
The red Vauxhall Corsa was found in flames on Wallamhill Road in Locharbriggs, and was seriously damaged.
Extensive enquiries are being made into this reckless act and we are keen to trace a man who was seen in the vicinity the time of the fire. He is described as being white, in his early to mid 30s, stocky build, short dark hair and was wearing a black hooded tracksuit top with a black t-shirt underneath, black tracksuit bottoms and trainers. This man was walking three dogs, an alsatian, a black labrador and a small white dog. Anyone with any information which might help should call us at Dumfries on 101."


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|Dry Leaves
|Green leaves
|Pale yellow
|The smell of summer and ripe blueberries
|Caffeine Level
|This green is light in body
|Lovely ripe blueberries, just like up on our hills.
|Brewing Time
|3 minutes
|Brewing Temperature
|175º F
|Average Review:
The smell is amazing! I have gone through 3 canisters and want more!
|Average Review:
I received a sample of the blueberry green iced tea bag in my last order. It was quite strong smelling although pleasant but I had my doubts because I was thinking "artificial flavor." Well, I made it when my sister came for a visit and added a half cup sugar to it in the warm stage. She LOVED it and I have to admit so did I. I will say that I think I should only start with 1/3 c sugar next time though as it seemed too decadently sweet to me. Would definitely re-order. Not sure whether the loose is the same stuff as I had in the big 2 quart bag...
|Average Review:
I love Harney & Sons tea. They are held to such a high quality that I know everything I try from them will be tasty, and I own many varieties. So, when I bought a tin of sachets of this tea from Barnes & Noble, I was excited. I have enjoyed other blueberry green teas before, but this one is undrinkable. The flavor is so off, it has a strong medicinal quality to it. I can't bring myself to throw away the other 29 bags, so it sits in the bag of my tea cabinet behind the delicious Harney & Sons teas I drink regularly.
> Other reviews


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Online training a first for the music industry
Bel Skinner fielded many requests from remote locations to learn music, but teaching music remotely seemed impossible. However, now she has just launched Australia's first fully online Certificate III music course.
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The Kimberley has quite a reputation for music and the performing arts. It is the home of the Pigram Brothers, Fitzroy Express and Jimmy Chi. In every town and remote community you'll find musos in the backyards, banging out a tune.
But while there is talent and vibrancy, the Kimberley is a vast region to work in. People were calling the Kimberley Training Institute (KTI) from all over Australia asking about their music courses online.
"I'd always just be 'Are you crazy? No we can't teach music online'," said Skinner.
But eventually, there were enough calls to make Skinner think about how to deliver something to these potential students.
"So I just stared with one unit over a year ago and have just been working through the entire Cert III."
After working as KTI's senior music lecturer for 12 years, Bel Skinner has now pioneered a new online training tool.
The program is designed to suit students with varied lifestyles and locations, and uses a collection of short-term goals to keep pushing people forward. It is self-paced, allowing individuals to work flexibly. Study can be undertaken via a computer or using a mobile device or an app.
While the courses cover all necessary technical components, the challenge is to give students a sense of community when they're not face-to-face in class.
"I'm hoping the way I've written them will keep people engaged," said Skinner. There are also tools to link people together including discussion boards and online chat rooms.
"Hopefully it's like a dynamic environment."
While assisting people to build careers in the music industry, the Kimberley Training Institute music courses also work as an engagement program for disengaged youth, students with low literacy and numeracy, and unemployed individuals lacking direction. Skinner has worked with popular local bands from communities including including John Bennett, Kross Kulcha and the Walkabout Boys.
Access all areas
When Skinner was establishing a music career there were limited resources for young musicians to guide them through the complexities of the industry.
But the digital world is changing the music business, as it is for all businesses. The death of CDs and the massive influence of digital tools such as Spotify, Pandora, Soundcloud means that the traditional music industry business model is now redundant.
"The industry has to look at itself it has to start thinking creatively," Skinner said.
"It's about the quality of our songs and how we can get it out there to the biggest audience possible."
This online training course is just one of many options for students in locations all over the country. "It will work for people in regions and remote Australia because they don't have to be in a major capital city to build that career."
If you're living in a remote community and you have a guitar, all of a sudden you have an option to take your music to the world.
Latest videos
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text:
Bah. Here's a better traceback.
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text:
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Page 1
arXiv:1002.4634v1 [physics.flu-dyn] 25 Feb 2010
Pumping by flapping in a viscoelastic fluid
On Shun Pak,1Thibaud Normand,2and Eric Lauga1, ∗
1Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,
University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla CA 92093-0411, USA.
2D´ epartment de M´ ecanique, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France.
(Dated: February 25, 2010)
In a world without inertia, Purcell's scallop theorem states that in a Newtonian fluid a time-
reversible motion cannot produce any net force or net flow. Here we consider the extent to which
the nonlinear rheological behavior of viscoelastic fluids can be exploited to break the constraints
of the scallop theorem in the context of fluid pumping. By building on previous work focusing on
force generation, we consider a simple, biologically-inspired geometrical example of a flapper in a
polymeric (Oldroyd-B) fluid, and calculate asymptotically the time-average net fluid flow produced
by the reciprocal flapping motion. The net flow occurs at fourth order in the flapping amplitude, and
suggests the possibility of transporting polymeric fluids using reciprocal motion in simple geometries
even in the absence of inertia. The induced flow field and pumping performance are characterized and
optimized analytically. Our results may be useful in the design of micro-pumps handling complex
PACS numbers: 47.57.-s, 47.15.G-, 47.63.Gd
Imagining oneself attempting to swim in a pool of viscous honey, it is not hard to anticipate that, because of
the high fluid viscosity, our usual swimming strategy consisting of imparting momentum to the surrounding fluid
will not be effective. The world microorganisms inhabit is physically analogous to this situation [1]. As a result,
microorganisms have evolved strategies which exploit the only physical force available to them – namely fluid drag
– to propel themselves or generate net fluid transport. The success of these propulsion strategies is vital in many
biological processes, including bacterial infection, spermatozoa locomotion and reproduction, and ciliary transport [2].
Advances in micro- and nano- manufacturing technology have also allowed scientists to take inspiration from these
locomotion strategies and design micropumps [3] and microswimmers [4].
The fundamental physics of small-scale locomotion in simple (Newtonian) fluids is well understood [5–7]. In contrast,
and although most biological fluids are non-Newtonian, many basic questions remain unanswered regarding the
mechanics of motility in complex fluids. Since they usually include biopolymers, most biological fluids of interest
display rheological properties common to both fluids (they flow and dissipate energy) and solids (they can store
energy). Examples include the airway mucus, which acts as a renewable and transportable barrier along the airways
of the lungs to guard against inhaled particulates and toxic substances [8], as well as cervical mucus, which is important
for the survival and transport of sperm cells [9]. The influence of viscoelasticity of the fluid on cell locomotion has
been experimentally quantified by a number of studies [10–16], including the change in the waveform, structure, and
swimming path of spermatozoa in both synthetic polymer solutions and biological mucus [17]. Gastropod mucus is
another common non-Newtonian biofluid, which is useful for adhesive locomotion, and its physical and rheological
properties have been measured [18–20]. Modeling-wise, different constitutive models have been employed to study
locomotion in complex fluids (see the short review in Ref. [21]). Among these models, the Oldroyd-B constitutive
equation is the most popular, both because of its simplicity and the fact that it can be derived exactly from kinetic
theory by modeling the fluid as a dilute solutions of elastic (polymeric) dumbbells [22–25]. Recent quantitative studies
have suggested that microorganisms swimming by propagating waves along their flagella have a smaller propulsion
speed in a polymeric fluid than in a Newtonian fluid [21, 26]. Likewise, a smaller net flow is generated by the
ciliary transport of a polymeric fluid than a Newtonian fluid. Specifically, Lauga [21] considered the problem with
a prescribed beating pattern along the flagellum, while Fu and Powers [26] prescribed the internal force distribution
instead; both studies suggest that viscoelasticity tends to decrease the propulsion speed.
∗Electronic address: email@example.com
Page 2
In a Newtonian fluid, Purcell's scallop theorem states that swimming and pumping in the absence of inertia can
only be achieved by motions or body deformations which are not identical under a time-reversal symmetry (so-
called "non-reciprocal" motion) [1]. This poses of course an interesting challenge in designing artificial swimmers
and pumps in simple fluids, which has recently been addressed theoretically and experimentally (see the review in
Ref. [7]). The question we are addressing in this paper is the extent to which the scallop theorem holds in complex
fluids. Because polymeric fluids display nonlinear rheological properties such as shear-dependance or normal-stress
differences [23, 24], in general reciprocal motions are effective in polymeric fluids [27]. New propulsion and transport
methods can therefore be designed on small scales to specifically take advantage of the intrinsic nonlinearities of the
fluid. The goal of this paper is to study such a system in the context of fluid pumping with a simplified geometrical
setup where the pumping performance can be characterized analytically.
For simple flow geometries, it is not obvious a priori whether a simple oscillatory forcing of a nonlinear fluid leads
to a net (rectified) flow. For example, for all Oldroyd-like fluids, a sinusoidally-forced Couette flow leads to zero time-
averaged flow [23]. In previous work [28], we considered a biologically-inspired geometric example of a semi-infinite
flapper performing reciprocal (sinusoidal) motion in a viscoelastic (Oldroyd-B) fluid in the absence of inertia. We
showed explicitly that the reciprocal motion generates a net force on the flapper occurring at second order in the
flapping amplitude, and disappearing in the Newtonian limit as dictated by the scallop theorem. However, there was
no time-average flow accompanying the net force generation at second order [28]. Here, we report on the discovery
of a net fluid flow produced by the reciprocal flapping motion in an Oldroyd-B fluid. The net flow transport is
seen to occur at fourth order in the flapping amplitude, and is due to normal-stress differences. The dependence of
the pumping performance on the actuation and material parameters is characterized analytically, and the optimal
pumping rate is determined numerically. Through this example, we therefore demonstrate explicitly the breakdown
of the scallop theorem in complex fluids in the context of fluid pumping, and suggest the possibility of exploiting
intrinsic viscoelastic properties of the medium for fluid transport on small scales.
The geometric setup in this paper is motivated by the motion of cilia-like biological appendages. Cilia are short
flagella beating collaboratively to produce locomotion or fluid transport [5, 29]. For example, cilia cover the outer
surface of microorganisms such as Paramecium for self-propulsion. They are also present along our respiratory tracts
to sweep up dirt and mucus and along the oviduct to transport the ova. Our setup is also relevant to the rigid
projections attached to the flagellum of Ochromonas, known as mastigonemes, which protrude from the flagellum into
the fluid [5]. As waves propagate along the flagellum, the mastigonemes are flapped back-and-forth passively through
the fluid, a process which can lead to a change in the direction of propulsion of the organism [30–32].
Our study is related to the phenomenon known as steady (or "acoustic") streaming in the inertial realm [33–46],
which has a history of almost two centuries after being first discovered by Faraday [33]. Under oscillatory boundary
conditions, as in the presence of an acoustic wave or the periodic actuation of a solid body in a fluid, migration of fluid
particles occur in an apparently purely oscillating flow, manifesting the presence of nonlinear inertial terms in the
equation of motion. This phenomenon occurs in both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids [37–46]. In particular, it
was found that the elasticity of a polymeric fluid can lead to a reversal of the net flow direction [37–40]. As expected
from the scallop theorem, no steady streaming phenomenon can occur in a Newtonian fluid in the absence of inertia.
However, as will be shown in this paper, the nonlinear rheological properties of viscoelastic fluids alone can lead to
steady streaming. In other words, we consider here a steady streaming motion arising purely from the viscoelastic
effects of the fluid, ignoring any influence of inertia.
Recently, polymeric solutions have been shown to be useful in constructing microfluidic devices such as flux stabi-
lizers, flip-flops and rectifiers [47, 48]. By exploiting the nonlinear rheological properties of the fluid and geometrical
asymmetries in the micro-channel, microfluidic memory and control have been demonstrated without the use of ex-
ternal electronics and interfaces, opening the possibility of more complex integrated microfluidic circuit and other
medical applications [47]. In the setup we study here, we do not introduce any geometrical asymmetries and exploit
solely the non-Newtonian rheological properties of the polymeric fluid for microscopic fluid transport.
The structure of the paper is the following.In §II, the flapping problem is formulated with the geometrical
setup, governing equations, nondimensionalization and the boundary conditions. In §III, we present the asymptotic
calculations up to the fourth order (in flapping amplitude), where the time-average flow is obtained.
characterize analytically the net flow in terms of the streamline pattern, directionality and vorticity distribution
(§IV). Next, we study the optimization of the flow with respect to the Deborah number (§V). Our results are finally
discussed in §VI.
We then
Page 3
FIG. 1: Geometrical setup and notations for the flapping calculation. A semi-infinite plane flaps sinusoidally with small
amplitude ǫ around an average position at right angle with an infinite wall.
A. Geometrical setup
In this paper, we consider a semi-infinite two-dimensional plane flapping sinusoidally with small amplitude in a
viscoelastic fluid. The average position of the flapper is situated perpendicularly to a flat wall with its hinge point
fixed in space (see Fig. 1). The flapper is therefore able to perform reciprocal motion with only one degree of freedom
by flapping back-and-forth. Such a setup is directly relevant to the unsteady motion of cilia-like biological appendages
(see §I).
It is convenient to adopt planar polar coordinates system for this geometrical setup. The instantaneous position of
the flapper is described by the azimuthal angle θ(t) = π/2+ ǫΘ(t), where Θ(t) is an order one oscillatory function of
time and ǫ is a parameter characterizing the amplitude of the flapping motion. The polar vectors er(θ) and eθ(θ) are
functions of the azimuthal angle, and the velocity field u is expressed as u = urer+uθeθ. In this work, we derive the
velocity field in the the domain (0 ≤ θ ≤ π/2) in the asymptotic limit of small flapping amplitude, i.e. ǫ ≪ 1; the
time-averaged flow in the domain (π/2 ≤ θ ≤ π) can then be deduced by symmetry.
B. Governing equations
We assume the flow to be incompressible and the Reynolds number of the fluid motion to be small, i.e. we neglect
any inertial effects. Denoting the pressure field as p and the deviatoric stress tensor as τ, the continuity equation and
Cauchy's equation of motion are respectively
∇ · u = 0, (1)
∇p = ∇ · τ. (2)
We also require constitutive equations, which relate stresses and kinematics of the flow, to close the system of
equations. For polymeric fluids, the deviatoric stress may be decomposed into two components, τ = τs+ τp, where
τsis the Newtonian contribution from the solvent and τpis the polymeric stress contribution. For the Newtonian
contribution, the constitutive equation is simply given by τs= ηs˙ γ, where ηsis the solvent contribution to the viscosity
and ˙ γ = ∇u+t∇u. For the polymeric contribution, many models have been proposed to relate the polymeric stress
to kinematics of the flow [22–25]. We consider here the classical Oldroyd-B model, where the polymeric stress, τp,
satisfies the upper-convected Maxwell equation
τp+ λ
τp= ηp˙ γ, (3)
where ηpis the polymer contribution to the viscosity and λ is the polymeric relaxation time. The upper-convected
Page 4
derivative for a tensor A is defined as
+ u · ∇A −?t∇u · A + A · ∇u?, (4)
and represents the rate of change of A in the frame of translating and deforming with the fluid. From Eq. (3), we
can obtain the Oldroyd-B constitutive equation for the total stress, τ, as given by
τ + λ1
▽τ= η
˙ γ + λ2
˙ γ
, (5)
where η = ηs+ ηp, λ1= λ, and λ2= ηsλ/η. Here, λ1and λ2are the relaxation and retardation times of the fluid
respectively. The relaxation time is the typical decay rate of stress when the fluid is at rest, and the retardation time
measures the decay rate of residual rate of strain when the fluid is stress-free [23, 24]. It can be noted that λ2< λ1,
and both are zero for a Newtonian fluid.
C. Nondimensionalization
Periodic flapping motion with angular frequency ω is considered in this paper. Therefore, we nondimensionalize
shear rates by ω and stresses by ηω. Lengths are nondimensionalized by some arbitrary length scale along the flapper.
Under these nondimensionalizations, the dimensionless equations are given by
∇ · u = 0, (6a)
∇p = ∇ · τ, (6b)
τ + De1
▽τ = ˙ γ + De2
˙ γ, (6c)
where De1= λ1ω and De2= λ2ω are defined as the two Deborah numbers and we have adopted the same symbols
for convenience.
D. Boundary conditions
The boundary condition in this problem can be simply stated; on the flat wall (θ = 0), we have the no-slip and the
no-penetration boundary conditions. In vector notation, we have therefore
u(r,θ = 0) = 0
along the flat wall.
Along the flapper, we also have the no-slip condition, ur(r,θ = π/2 + ǫΘ(t)) = 0. The other boundary condition
imposed on the fluid along the flapper is given by the rotation of the flapper, uθ(r,θ = π/2 + ǫΘ(t)) = rΩ(t), where
Ω(t) = ǫ˙Θ. In vector notation, we have then
u(r,θ = π/2 + ǫΘ(t)) = rΩ(t)eθ. (8)
Noting that a two-dimensional setup is considered, the continuity equation, ∇ · u = 0, is satisfied by introducing
the streamfunction Ψ(r,θ) such that ur= (∂Ψ/∂θ)/r and uθ= −∂Ψ/∂r. The instantaneous position of the flapper is
described by the function θ = π/2+ǫΘ(t), and we consider here a simple reciprocal flapping motion with Θ(t) = cost.
Since small amplitude flapping motion (ǫ ≪ 1) is considered, we will perform the calculations perturbatively in the
flapping amplitude and seek perturbation expansions of the form
{u,Ψ,τ,p,σ} = ǫ{u1,Ψ1,τ1,p1,σ1} + ǫ2{u2,Ψ2,τ2,p2,σ2} + ...,(9)
where σ = −p1+τ is the total stress tensor and all the variables in Eq. (9) are defined in the time-averaged domain
0 ≤ θ ≤ π/2. Since a domain-perturbation expansion is performed, careful attention has to be paid on the distinction
Page 5
between instantaneous and average geometry. Recall that the polar vectors er(θ(t)) and eθ(θ(t)) are functions of
the azimuthal angle which oscillates in time. To distinguish the average geometry, we denote ?t? = er(π/2) and
?n? = eθ(π/2) as the average directions along and perpendicular to the flapper axis (See Fig. 1). In this paper, ?...?
denotes time-averaging.
In addition, we employ Fourier notation to facilitate the calculations. In Fourier notation, the actuation becomes
Θ = Re{eit} and˙Θ = Re{ieit}. Because of the quadratic nonlinearities arising from boundary conditions and the
constitutive modeling, the velocity field can be Fourier decomposed into the anticipated form
u1= Re{˜ u1eit},
u2= Re{˜ u(0)
u3= Re{˜ u(1)
u4= Re{˜ u(0)
3eit+ ˜ u(3)
+ ˜ u(2)
+ ˜ u(2)
2e2it}, (10b)
4e2it+ ˜ u(4)
4e4it}, (10d)
with similar decomposition and notation for all other vector and scalar fields.
We now proceed to analyze Eq. (6) order by order, up to the fourth order, where the time-average fluid flow occurs.
The boundary conditions, Eqs. (7) and (8), are also expanded order by order about the average flapper position using
Taylor expansions.
A. First-order solution
1. Governing equation
The first-order Oldroyd-B relation is given by
τ1+ De1∂τ1
= ˙ γ1+ De2∂ ˙ γ1
which in Fourier space becomes
˜ τ1=1 + iDe2
1 + iDe1
˜˙ γ1.(12)
We then note that we have ∇×∇·τ = 0 by taking the curl of Eq. (6b). Therefore, we take the divergence and then
curl of Eq. (12) to eliminate the stress and obtain the equation for the first-order streamfunction
2.Boundary conditions
At θ = π/2, the boundary condition at this order is given by
u1= r˙Θ?n?, (14)
which becomes
˜ u1= ir?n?, (15)
upon Fourier transformation. We also have the no-slip and no-penetration boundary condition at θ = 0.
The solution satisfying the above equation and boundary conditions is given by
(cos2θ − 1), (16a)
˜ u1r= −ir
˜ u1θ=ir
2(1 − cos2θ). (16c)