text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 26, 1990
|Filing date
|Apr 12, 1988
|Priority date
|Apr 30, 1985
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|N Kent John, Charles A. Homsy
|Original Assignee
|Vitek, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (70), Classifications (18), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation-in-part application of patent application Ser. No. 06/939,558, filed Dec. 9, 1986, (now U.S. Pat. No. 4,778,472), which was a continuation-in-part of patent application Ser. No. 06/728,820, filed Apr. 30, 1985 that has since been abandoned.
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a mini-condyle prosthesis for use with a glenoid fossa prosthesis.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The natural temporomandibular joint (TMJ) consists of the glenoid fossa, the condyle of the mandible, the disc, and muscle attachments.
Patients with severe destruction of the TMJ anatomy from rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, tumors, and trauma all manifest significant functional impairment and often pose difficult challenges in TMJ reconstruction.
In said parent application, Ser. No. 939,558, is described a condyle prosthesis for use with a glenoid fossa prosthesis. This prior condyle prosthesis has been used by oral surgeons for restoring a substantial bone loss, as well as a small bone loss, in the condyle.
To implant the prior condyle prosthesis, the surgeon needs to make two incisions: a vertical incision in front of the ear, and a lateral incision below the angle of the jaw.
After the masseter and medial ptyergoid muscles are detached from the mandible, and after unavoidable damage to local tissue, the surgeon excises the diseased condyle at the neck and below the attachment thereto of the lateral ptyergoid muscle.
Such a surgical procedure for using the prior condyle prosthesis is beneficial to a patient who requires a restoration of a substantial bone loss in the condyle. However, excising the condyle at the neck and below the attachment thereto of the lateral ptyergoid muscle may be detrimental and inefficient for a patient who requires a restoration of only a small bone loss in the condyle above the attachment of the lateral ptyergoid muscle to the condyle. This inefficiency includes the loss of a useful portion of the natural condyle.
Also, because of the lateral incision below the angle of the jaw, the patient may require intensive and prolonged oral cavity and TMJ rehabilitation until damaged local tissues heal and the masseter and medial ptyergoid muscles reattach to the mandible.
It is an object of this invention to provide a mini-condyle prosthesis which does not require an incision below the angle of jaw.
It is a further object of this invention to provide a mini-condyle prosthesis which is suitable for patients who have sustained any amount of loss of condyle, but particularly a small loss of condyle.
The prosthetic mini-condyle is for use with a prosthetic glenoid fossa. The prosthetic fossa covers the natural glenoid fossa and articular eminence. The prosthetic fossa defines an articular, concavo-planar cavity.
The mini-condyle is adapted in the TMJ to cover a partially or totally excised natural condyle having a superior cut surface and a lateral cut surface over the remaining condylar head or neck. The superior cut surface is above, at, or below the attachment of the ptyergoid muscle to the natural condyle. The mini-condyle preferably has a superior, convexo-planar articular face and an inferior flat face. A shank extends inferiorly from the inferior face and is adapted to become secured to the lateral cut surface with screws or wires. The flat inferior face is adapted to abut against the superior cut surface. A porous biocompatible coating or layer is preferably bonded to the inferior face of the condyle and to the medial face of the shank.
The method of implanting the prosthetic mini-condyle on the mandibular bone involves determining the extent of the deteriorated natural condyle, making a first planar cut on the superior side of the remaining condyle stump, making a second planar cut perpendicular to the first cut and on the lateral side of the condyle or neck stump, thereby establishing a condylar stump having a superior cut surface and a lateral cut surface. The inferior face of the condyle is abutted against the superior cut face on the stump, and the shank is secured to the lateral cut surface.
FIG. 1 is an exploded, perspective view of one embodiment of the novel mini-condyle prosthesis, and of the glenoid fossa prosthesis described in said parent patent application;
FIG. 2 is a rear side plan elevational view of the mini-condyle prosthesis of FIG. 1, when the jaws are near full engagement, and is a sectional view of the fossa prosthesis;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the glenoid fossa prosthesis taken on line 3--3 of FIG. 2, and is a front view of the mini-condyle prosthesis;
FIG. 4 shows the optimum planar contact surface between the condyle and the fossa prostheses, when the condyle exerts the maximum pressure against the articular surface of the fossa cavity;
FIG. 5 is a front side elevational plan view of a mini-condyle prosthesis, as shown in FIG. 1, and in addition includes a porous coating on the inferior face thereof;
FIG. 6 is a front view in elevation of the mini-condyle prosthesis shown in FIG. 5, and which in addition includes another porous coating on the medial face of the shank;
FIG. 7 is a top view of the mini-condyle prosthesis shown in FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is bottom plan view of the mini-condyle prosthesis shown in FIG. 1; and
FIG. 9 is an exploded front, elevational, sectional view of the mini-condyle prosthesis shown ready to be mounted on the remaining stump of the excised condyle.
A brief description of a total TMJ prosthesis will facilitate the understanding of the present invention.
The temporomandibular joint or TMJ is formed between the temporal bone and the mandibular bone. The TMJ includes a glenoid fossa in the inferior surface of the temporal bone, and a condyle which is the extension of the ramus within the mandibular bone. Between the glenoid fossa and the condyle is a moving meniscus (not shown) which serves to protect and lubricate the joint.
The functionally unique feature of the TMJ is its unusual combination of a sliding movement and a finely balanced hinge movement with a high degree of anatomical precision.
Functional TMJ integrity, efficiency, and performance depend on the synchronized movements of a group of muscles which perform their functions synergistically. The mandibular elevator muscles, which close the mandible, include the coordinated function of the masseter, temporal, and medial ptyergoid muscles (not shown). The mandibular depressor muscles, which open the mandible, include the external ptyergoid and the suprahyoid muscles. Protrusion of the mandible is performed by the masseter, internal ptyergoid, and the external ptyergoid muscles. Retrusion of the mandible is accomplished by the temporal and digastric muscles.
When all these muscles are functionally intact, the right and left TMJs move in harmony, which is essential for the proper occlusion of the teeth. But, when these muscles and surrounding tissues become detached and/or injured in accidents, or in intensive surgery involving the installation of the prior condyle prosthesis, disclusion or malocclusion of the teeth may occur at least temporarily.
To facilitate the description, the same numerals, as used in said parent patent application, will be used herein to designate the same or similar parts.
The novel mini-condyle prosthesis, generally designated as 30 (FIGS. 1-3, 7), is designed for use with a glenoid fossa prosthesis. A preferred glenoid fossa prosthesis, generally designated as 14, is fully described in said parent application, Ser. No. 06/939,558, filed Dec. 9, 1986, and which is incorporated herein by reference.
The mini-condyle prosthesis 30 comprises a head 31, which is preferably provided with a critical load-transmitting, superior convexo-planar, articular face 32, and with an inferior flat face 56 from which downwardly extends a shank 44.
A heel 34 extends backwardly and a toe 36 extends forwardly from fossa face 32. An oval sole 35 extends rearwardly from face 32 to inferior face 56 and smoothly blends at its opposite ends with heel 34 and toe 36.
Fossa prosthesis 14 is made of a superior layer 46 of PROPLAST (a registered trademark of Vitek, Inc.), which is a tissue ingrowth-promoting material (e.g., a composite of polytetrafluoroethylene polymer and aluminum oxide or synthetic hydroxylapatite), and of an inferior plate 13 of fluorinated ethylene propylene or ultra high molecular weight polyethylene polymer having an embedded polyamide mesh reinforcement therein.
Plate 13 is shaped to fully cover the natural fossa cavity including the adjoining natural articular eminence. Plate 13 has an inferior fossa cavity 15 which is defined by posterior rim 16, medial rim 17, lateral rim 18, and anterior eminence rim 19.
Medial rim 17 smoothly joins posterior rim 16 and likewise projects inferiorly to cover the medial aspect of the natural glenoid fossa and the adjoining articular eminence. The anterior eminence rim 19 has an apex 19a and projects anteriorly and obliquely superiorly to cover the articular eminence. Rim 19 is relieved at 19b to conform to the junction between the natural zygoma and the natural articular eminence. Lateral rim 18 extends superiorly to and is shaped to fit along the lateral extension of the zygoma.
Rim 18 usually receives screws (not shown) by means of which fossa prosthesis 14 is initially attached to the zygoma. The tissue-ingrowth promoting porous layer 46 provides permanent postoperative fixation to the apposite surface of the natural fossa cavity.
Fossa cavity 15 has a load-bearing, articular surface defined by a relatively deep concave portion 23 (FIG. 2), which begins posteriorly, extends superiorly to an anteriorly-superiorly located concavo-planar portion 23a, and extends anteriorly to a convexo-planar portion 23b. Fossa cavity 15, anterior eminence rim 19, medial rim 17, and posterior rim 16 are shaped to offer minimum friction to the complex movements of convexo-planar, articular face 32 of condyle 30.
When articulating the mandible from closed bite position to nearly open bite, condylar face 32 moves forwardly on deep concave fossa surface 23, then the planar portion of face 32 slides, while exerting very strong pressure, over the planar portion of surface 23a, and then face 32 moves toward the convex portion of the convexo-planar surface 23b.
When the TM joint is within mid-opening to closed bite position (FIG. 2), articular convexo-planar condylar face 32 of condylar head 31 engages articular concavo-planar surface 23a of fossa cavity 15 and establishes therewith a relatively wide planar contact area 49 (FIG. 4), which minimizes the stress (kg/cm2) transmitted between the fossa and condylar prostheses 14 and 30, respectively, and provides for even load distribution between their engaged planar sliding surfaces.
The condylar face 32 and surface 23a of fossa cavity 15 are shaped to maximize the extent of the contact area 49 therebetween (FIG. 4), as condylar head 31 translates and rotates within fossa cavity 15. A wide contact area 49 between the mating planar surfaces is desired to allow for an even load distribution and to minimize wear and stress concentrations.
The method of implanting the novel mini-condyle prosthesis 30 (FIG. 9) requires only one incision in front of the ear. The usual second lateral incision below the angle of the jaw is not employed.
After determining the extent of the deteriorated natural condyle, the surgeon makes a first planar cut 52 on the superior side of the remaining condyle stump, then a second planar cut 51 is made perpendicular to the first cut 52 and on the lateral side 55 of the condyle or neck stump. Cuts 51,52 are made without the need to detach the masseter and the medial ptyergoid muscles from the mandible. What remains after cuts 51,52 are made is a condylar stump 50 having a superior cut surface 54 and a lateral cut surface 55.
Because such excision may amount to a minimum reduction in the bony mass of the natural condyle and to a minimum derangement to muscles and tissue, and further because the need for making a second incision below the angle of the jaw is avoided, the patient is likely to experience much less pain and rapid postoperative TMJ recovery in regard to mandibular function, occlusal teeth behavior, ligamentous tissue strength, and enhanced muscles of mastication.
The surgeon is provided with mini-condyles 30 having different heights, but if the height of condylar head 31 is insufficient, the surgeon can control, within a small range, the inferior surface of porous layer 46 of fossa 14, thereby lowering the articular surface of fossa cavity 15.
Shank 44 of condyle 30 can assume various configurations depending on the extent of lateral cut face 55 on stump 50. Shank 44 can be secured to lateral face 55 by a number of surgical screws 57, by wires, or by other means.
In a simplified embodiment of condyle 30 (FIGS. 3,9), the flat inferior face 56 of condylar head 31 and the medial face 59 of shank 44 are shaped to directly engage superior cut stump surface 54 and lateral shank face 59, respectively. Thus face 56 is abutted against superior cut face 54, and medial face 59 is abutted against and is secured to lateral cut surface 55 of stump 50.
For added protection, and in the event that the topography of one or both of the stump's cut surfaces 54 and 55 are irregular, it is preferable to coat at least inferior face 56 with a suitable biocompatible porous coating 58 (FIGS. 5 and 9).
In another embodiment FIG. 6), inferior face 56 is coated with porous coating 58 and medial face 59 of shank 44 is also coated with a suitable biocompatible porous coating 58'. Coatings 58 and 58' can be made of the same material or of a different material. Coating 58 and/or coating 58' can be a hard porous ceramic, polymeric, metallic or a composite thereof, such as synthetic hydroxylapatite or porous titanium designed to elicit postoperatively a mechanical, or a mechanical and biochemical fixation bond with the appositional superior cut surface of the remaining living condyle.
Fibrous tissue and/or bone will grow into such porous hard or soft coatings 58 and 58' and will further enhance the fixation bond with appositional bone.
Porous coating 58 and/or coating 58' can also be a suitable biocompatible, tissue ingrowth promoting, soft material which exhibits a compressive stress-strain behavior of a substantially lower order than that of bone. Such a material will deform under load much more readily than its appositional cut surface, so that coating 58 will readily conform to the topography of surface 54 regardless of the irregularities thereof, and will provide a more stable fit between the inferior face 56 of condylar head 31 and superior cut surface 54 of stump 50.
Soft coating 58 or 58' can be porous Teflon. Such material including tissue-ingrowth promoting additives are sold by Vitek, Inc., under said trademark PROPLAST, which has been shown through extensive clinical trials to be biomechanically suitable for this use. The PROPLAST material is soft, very porous, open pore, compressible, and permanently deformable under very slight loads.
The soft porous coating should have a compressibility range between one percent (1%) and forty percent (40%) of its original thickness.
A thickness for the soft coating 58 should be greater than 0.5 mm to provide for an adequate, bio-mechanical, evenly distributed, longitudinal load transfer from condylar head 31 to stump 50 immediately after implantation, thereby strengthening stump 50 to resist load.
Mini prosthesis 30 can be made of a surgical chrome-cobalt-molybdenum alloy, forged cobalt-chrome, or forged titanium.
It may also be formed of sufficiently strong composite structures that combine metal with polymers, or of wholly polymeric structures, which may be reinforced with metal or ceramic or other materials, such as polyamide fiber or carbon fiber.
This invention fills the need for more natural stress and strain patterns within stump 50 by optimizing the conditions for intimate engagement between inferior face 56 of condylar head 31 and the appositional superior cut surface 54 on stump 50.
It will be readily appreciated that mini prosthesis 30 optimizes the TMJ function through improved adaptability during surgery, saves surgical time, saves as much of the natural condyle as possible, provides a more uniform load transfer to the remaining stump of the condyle, allows the oral cavity musculature to function immediately after surgery, and requires only one vertical incision in front of the ear, thereby avoiding the detachment of vital muscles and tissues from the mandible.
By removing the least bone from the natural condyle, stump 50 will have a greater opportunity to withstand normal loads induced therein by the TMJ while it performs its most severe functions as during mastication of hard foods.
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|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Mar 12, 1990
Owner name: VITEK INC., TEXAS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:KENT, JOHN N.;HOMSY, CHARLES A.;REEL/FRAME:005252/0712
Effective date: 19880406
|May 29, 1990
Owner name: HADACO, LTD., VIRGIN ISLANDS, BRITISH
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:VITEK, INC.;REEL/FRAME:005338/0472
Effective date: 19900521
|Feb 1, 1994
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Jun 26, 1994
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Sep 6, 1994
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 19940629


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21/23 Meadow Road, Beeston, Beeston Rylands, Nottingham NG9 1JP
Owner: Mr & Mrs D Teece
Person in charge: M A Teece (Matron)
Local Authority / Social Services: Nottinghamshire County Council (click for contact details)
Type of Service: Care Home only (Residential Care) – Privately Owned , 25 residents
Registered Care Categories*: Dementia • Old Age
Specialist Care Categories: Alzheimer's
Single Rooms: 17
Shared Rooms: 4
Rooms with ensuite WC: 2
Weekly Charges Guide: Personal Care Single £408 – £450 , Personal Care Shared (per person) £408 – £450
Facilities & Services: Palliative Care • Respite Care • Own GP if required • Own Furniture if required • Pets by arrangement • Smoking not permitted • Close to Local shops • Near Public Transport • Lift • Stairlift • Wheelchair access • Gardens for residents • Television point in own room
Latest CQC* Report on Meadow Lodge: click here
*Care Quality Commission (CQC) is responsible for the registration and inspection of social care services in England.
Review Score: 7.2 (7.180)
The user 'Review Score' (7.2 for Meadow Lodge) is based on 1 review. The Review Score is is calculated using a combination of the average of all ratings on user reviews submitted in the last 2 years, and the total number of user reviews submitted in relation to the number of beds at the care home. The maximum Review Score is 10. To see more about the carehome.co.uk user reviews please click here.
The reviews submitted to our site do not represent our views and we accept no responsibility or liability for any such reviews.
Please note that before 1st July 2015 carehome.co.uk only accepted Recommendations (positive only), and as of 1st July 2015 all of the Recommendations are referred to as Reviews, and along with all Reviews (positive and negative) submitted since the 1st July 2015 they are included in the calculation of the Review Score. For further information on our move from Recommendations to Reviews please click here.
Submitted by Patricia Pounder (Daughter of Resident/Service User) on Wednesday 15 January 2014.
Meadow Lodge is a very friendly care home. I can recommend this home for those who find the larger homes too overwhelming. My dad was lost in his last home and having poor eyesight he kept getting lost. Dad has settled into the new home well. The staff are very welcoming on arrival. Nothing is too much trouble. At 102 years old, he can be very demanding.
Overall Standard: Good
Facilities: Satisfactory
Care / Support: Good
Cleanliness: Good
Treated with Dignity: Good
Food & Drink: Good
Staff: Excellent
Activities: Satisfactory
Management: Excellent
Safety / Security: Satisfactory
Rooms: Excellent
Value for Money: Good
February 2015
Recipient: Meadow Lodge
Date: Tuesday 24 Feb 2015
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text:
Louis Eugene Metzger
Position: FB-WB
Height: 5-9 Weight: 170 lbs.
Born: February 13, 1904 in Chicago, IL
Died: May 25, 1953 in Evanston, IL
High School: Loyola Academy
College: Georgetown (DC)
Weighted Career AV (100-95-...): 0 (14760th overall since 1950)
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This company has pulled off a scam.
They refuse to reply to letters, emails, calls;
even certified letters don't work! It has been 7 weeks---no grass--no explaination as to why!
many companies will confirm your order- or explain the backorder. They were fast to deposit 97.00. I am surprised @ ALABAMA LIVING & other magazines that will accept scam companies---well maybe the full page ad $ blind their integrity!! I am very disappointed in this deal! BUYERS BEWARE!!


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Live and Let Die: James Bond Series, Book 2 - James Bond (eBook)Ian Fleming, Andrew Taylor
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In the Know: New Dunkin' Donuts stores to open in Collier
Q: Any update on the opening of the Dunkin' Donuts located in Naples Park (maybe 104th or 105th)? Last I read in your column, it was supposed to open a month or two ago. What's up? Thanks in advance.
Q: Still looking for the Outback and Dunkin' Donuts to open in East Naples. There are so many things that we could use out our way: Jason's Deli, Hooters ... We need some more selection on the East Trail. Thanks.
— Ken French, East Naples
A: Two of the four new Dunkin' Donuts coming to Collier County are in East Naples, but the North Naples location will open first.
"Regarding openings in Collier County, the new location at 887 105th Avenue is currently under construction and is expected to open early this summer. We hope to have several additional locations open within the next two years," said Toby Srebnik, a spokesman for Dunkin' Donuts.
Here's a quick rundown of future Dunkin' Donuts:
■ North Naples: 887 105th Ave. N., on U.S. 41 North in Naples Park. This was a former location of Dunkin' Donuts before it closed two years ago. I originally reported that this store was reopening in January. Obviously, that did not occur. The former franchise is expected to open during the second week in June.
■ East Naples: 3091 U.S. 41 E., on the corner of Andrew Drive and U.S. 41 (the East Trail), just south of Long John Silver's and across the street from Pizza Hut. The odd building, completely painted tan, has sat vacant for more than a decade. It looks as if it was a former Checkers with its double-drive thru, but I know it was formerly a chicken restaurant called Fryer Chuck. Others swear it has been a KFC, Church's and even Juicy Lucy's. Opening a location here most likely means that Dunkin' will not reopen in its former East Naples location in nearby Naples Towne Centre.
■ East (South) Naples: 6685 Collier Blvd., in the shadow of the new Lowe's home improvement store, construction of which is progressing rapidly, especially when compared to the many years of speculation about whether the project would ever get off the ground. This spot is now a sales center for WCI's Artesia development, and formerly was home to Classic Iron motorcycle shop and an Arby's fast-food restaurant. As Lowe's completes its plans for its abutting 14 acres, Kite Realty Group's Shops at Eagle Creek will connect with this new Dunkin' location, which is expected to be the second new store to open locally. Dunkin' Donuts signs are up, but the site is not under construction or permitted yet, Srebnik said.
"The Collier site is promising for the end of 2010," he said. "We can confirm future locations once building has begun."
■ Marco Island: 695 Bald Eagle Drive, near Collier Boulevard, may be the new Marco location, but it's not a sure thing. While I know that the new Dunkin' will not be in same location as the Marco store that closed a couple of years ago, Dunkin' developers have not nailed down a new site yet, but hope to do so soon.
In addition to the new stores, the company does not plan to change the Dunkin' Donuts offerings available at many area Hess Express locations, Srebnik said. After a franchise organization change in December 2008, C.C. Donuts LLC, led by principal partner Jim Grifoni, holds the development rights for Collier County, outside of the Hess locations, Srebnik said.
Three Sisters to become Country House
Q: Can you tell me what restaurant is replacing the charming Three Sisters restaurant in the run-down section of Davis Boulevard in East Naples? My boyfriend and his family used to take me to breakfast there every Sunday last summer. I miss Three Sisters so much and hope that the new restaurant — if it is a restaurant — is from the same folks!
A: The Country House restaurant is expected to open next week at 2206 Davis Blvd., the former East Naples location of Three Sisters. Although new owners and management will be operating the restaurant, expect it to become a popular breakfast and lunch spot.
The new owner is Jose Lugo, who also owns the Country House restaurant, 6060 Collier Blvd., in the Prime Outlets shopping center on the way to Marco Island. In addition to new management, his new restaurant on Davis has undergone extensive renovation inside and out.
More local restaurant news:
■ Across the street from the former Three Sisters, Oakes Farm owners purchased the retail space next door at 2225 Davis Blvd., the former home of a string of restaurants, including Carla's, Patric's, Casimini's and La Bamba. Plans are not finalized, but look for the building to be razed and for Oakes Farm Market to expand. Another Food and Thought might work well here.
■ Cafe Alessio, a popular North Naples Italian restaurant, especially for gluten-free diners, temporarily closed without notice May 5. The restaurant, located in Mission Square West on Pine Ridge Road, posted signs at its entrances simply stating: "Closed for the summer. See you in August."
■ Cook it! Have you seen these new instructional videos on naplesnews.com where local chefs show how they create some of their most treasured culinary creations? Make everything from Mr. $5's Italian omelet to Capital Grille's chocolate espresso flourless cake; Bamboo Cafe's snapper en papillote to Randy's Fishmarket's key lime pie. Check out the menu of restaurant recipes and videos at naplesnews.com/cookit.
Connect with Tim Aten at naplesnews.com/staff/tim_aten. E-mail questions with your name and city of residence to email@example.com.
Find a complete archive of "In the Know" at naplesnews.com/intheknow. Interactive In the Know, or iKnow, is at blogs.naplesnews.com/in_the_know/
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|Numéro de publication
|Type de publication
|Numéro de demande
|Date de publication
|7 avr. 2005
|Date de dépôt
|1 oct. 2003
|Date de priorité
|1 oct. 2003
|Numéro de publication
|Ryan Thompson, John Maly, Zachary Smith
|Cessionnaire d'origine
|Thompson Ryan Clarence, Maly John Warren, Smith Zachary Steven
|Exporter la citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citations de brevets (6), Référencé par (6), Classifications (12), Événements juridiques (1)
|Liens externes: USPTO, Cession USPTO, Espacenet
This application discloses subject matter related to the subject matter disclosed in the following commonly owned co-pending patent applications: "System and Method for Generating a Test Case," filed ______, Application No.: ______ (Docket Number 200209280-1), in the names of Ryan C. Thompson, John W. Maly, and Zachary S. Smith; and "System and Method for Building a Test Case Including A Summary of Instructions," filed ______, Application No.: ______ (Docket Number 200208930-1), in the names of Ryan C. Thompson, John W. Maly, and Adam C. Brown, both of which are hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes.
The design cycle for a digital integrated circuit is long and expensive. Once the first chip is built, it is very difficult, and often impossible, to debug it by probing internal connections or to change the gates and interconnections. Usually, modifications must be made in the original design database and a new chip must be manufactured to incorporate the required changes. Since this process can take months to complete, chip designers are highly motivated to attempt to perfect the chip prior to manufacturing.
It is therefore essential to identify and quantify the architectural requirements necessary to assure good performance over a wide range of events prior to manufacturing the digital integrated circuit. Accordingly, a simulator comprising program code may be employed to provide a simulation environment that is executable on top of a host computer platform in order to model at least some or all of the functionalities of the desired integrated circuit, for example, a target processor core. The characteristics of the target processor core that the simulator emulates may be specified to include processor architectural model, processor clock speed, cache configuration, disk seek time, memory system bus bandwidth, and numerous other parameters. The resulting software-based target processor core provides the appearance of being a normal processor core while a test generator exercises the target processor core with test cases in order to collect detailed hardware behavior data only available through the use of the simulation. In particular, inputs supplied the test generator define specific hardware functionalities to be tested. The resulting test files the test generator gathers may be subsequently utilized to better understand various aspects of the simulated target processor's core.
By modeling the processor core, simulation is able to provide an accurate behavioral paradigm that allows each aspect of the simulated processor core's functionality to match that of a specific target processor core. As a result, simulations can provide visibility that translates into detailed information regarding the various aspects of a target processor core's execution behavior. Simulators are not without limitations, however. Test generators often generate test cases containing illegal test behavior and require debugging. As a result, once the test generator has been debugged, the inputs provided the test generator must be laboriously reconstructed so that the target processor core may be retested.
A system and method are disclosed that provide for testing a circuit design using a test generator. In one embodiment, a random number generator, responsive to a seed, generates a random number sequence and an event probability generator, responsive to profile settings, generates a probability profile. The test generator, responsive to the random number sequence and the probability profile, generates a test case that includes settings indicative of the seed and the profile settings. An extraction and regeneration engine extracts the seed and the profile settings from the test case in order to reconstitute a test case designed to avoid illegal test behavior.
In the drawings, like or similar elements are designated with identical reference numerals throughout the several views thereof, and the various elements depicted are not necessarily drawn to scale. Referring now to
The RTL model 110 and the architectural simulator model 112 may simulate any processor core having any configuration or digital design. For example, the target processor core may simulate a two-core processor system wherein each processor is capable of parallel instruction processing, i.e., multi-threading, that delivers high availability and scalability with a wide breadth of enterprise application capabilities. It should be appreciated that depending on the design and verification objectives, the simulator environment 108 may include other types of target processor core models.
The RTL model 110 simulates the target processor core by utilizing a hardware-description language (HDL) that specifies the signal and gate-level behavior of the target processor core. The architectural simulator model 112, on the other hand, provides a higher level of abstraction than the RTL simulator model 110 in order to model the target processor core in terms of a high-level architecture that defines system-level behavioral functionalities of the target processor core. The RTL model 110 may be designed with the aid of computer-aided design (CAD) software tools, also referred to as computer-aided engineering (CAE) software tools, that assist in the development of the conceptual and physical design of the IC as well as the verification of the IC.
Sophisticated CAD software tools contain component libraries and component models that describe in detail the logical and electrical operations of the digital system design of the IC. Using these models, the IC design may be verified so that various types of logic and timing errors may be found by the test generator during the pre-silicon simulation phase of development. Specifically, the RTL model 110 may be designed by a schematic editor in a highly capable HDL environment such as a Very High Speed Integrated Circuit (VHSIC) hardware description language (VHDL) environment, a Verilog description language environment, or an Advanced Boolean Equation Language (ABEL) environment, for example. The HDL language environment provides a design, simulation, and synthesis platform wherein each constituent component within the design can be provided with both a well-defined interface for connecting it to other components and a precise behavioral specification that enables simulation. The architectural model 112, on the other hand, may be implemented in a higher-level language such as C or C++.
An event probability generator 210, responsive to profile settings 212, generates a probability profile 214. The profile settings 212 are user configurable settings which define the frequency or occurrence of the events that will exercise the processor models. Events include data operations such as loading, storing, and arithmetic operations, for example. Moreover, events include other performance-based operations such as the selection of parameters related to floating-point representations of numbers. The event probability generator 210 reconstitutes the profile settings 212 into the probability profile 214 which defines a set of event-related parametrics that will be accepted by the ATG 202.
The ATG 202, responsive to the random number sequence 208 and the probability profile 204, generates a test case 216 in order to exercise the processor models 218. Additionally, command line settings may be provided to the ATG 202 and employed by the ATG 202 in the generation of the test case 216. Command line settings relate to the starting and stopping of specific actions in the processor models 218 and the defining of testing conditions, such as the number of threads, for example. In one embodiment, the ATG 202 embeds settings indicative of the seed 206, the profile settings 212, and the command line settings within the test case 216. Further information regarding the generation of test cases, especially those involving multithreading, may be found in the aforementioned patent application entitled "System and Method for Generating a Test Case," filed ______, Application No.: ______ (Docket Number 200209280-1), in the names of Ryan C. Thompson, John W. Maly, and Zachary S. Smith, which is hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes.
As illustrated, the test case 216 exercises an RTL model 220 and an architectural simulator model 222. The results of the exercises are stored as test files 224. Included in the data in the test files 224 are settings indicative of the seed 206, the profile settings 212, and the command line settings. As will be discussed in more detail hereinbelow, the embedded settings in both the test case 216 and the test files 224 are indicative of the seed 206, the profile settings 212, and the command line settings. Either the test case 216 or the test files 224 may provide an extraction and regeneration engine the information necessary to reconstruct the inputs supplied to the ATG 202 so that the ATG 202 may be debugged or a modified ATG can rerun the test with the identical inputs. A comparator 226, which may be a programmer, a group of programmers, an expert system, or any combination thereof, examines the content of test files 224 to determine if the test results are valid or invalid. In particular, the comparator 226 examines and compares the results provided by the RTL model 220 and the results provided by the architectural simulator model 222. As previously discussed, the RTL model 220 simulates register-level events in the target processor core. The RTL model, therefore, serves as a verification tool for the architectural simulator 222. Additionally, the comparator 226 examines the output provided by the RTL model 220 and the architectural simulator 222 to determine if an illegal test behavior has occurred.
If the test files are valid, i.e., the RTL model 220 verifies the architectural simulator model 222 and the test files 224 do not contain illegal test behavior, the test files 224 become valid test results 228 which provide detailed information regarding each exercised aspect of the target processor core's execution behavior. On the other hand, if the test files 224 indicate processor model inconsistences between the RTL model 220 and architectural simulator 222, then a debugging operation 230 may be required with respect to the processor models. Debugging the architectural simulator and RTL models may involve diagnosing and resolving the problem according to conventional techniques. For example, by examining the test files 224 and underlying HDL-based code of the RTL model 220, a clear understanding of the symptoms of the problem may be achieved. Then all of the variables that affect the problem may be identified and the variables progressively eliminated until the root cause of the problem is isolated. Once the root cause is isolated, the HDL-based code of the models may be appropriately modified to eliminate the problem. If the test files 224 indicate the presence of an illegal test behavior, however, the ATG 202 requires a debugging operation 232 which will be described more fully with particular reference to
In order to generate the modified test case 316 that corresponds to the original test case, however, the modified ATG 314 must be supplied with the same random number sequence 208 and probability profile 214. The extraction and regeneration engine 318 traverses the test structure 301, which may be the test case 216 or the test files 224, to extract the random seed settings 302, profile settings 306, and command line settings 308. Based on the extracted settings 302, 306, and 308, the extraction and regeneration engine 318 places the seed 206, the profile settings 212, and command line settings 308 in one or more extraction files 320. In one embodiment, the extraction and regeneration engine 318 automatically extracts the necessary inputs for the modified ATG 314, i.e., the seed 206, profile settings 212, and command line settings 308. The extraction and regeneration engine 318 may be implemented using a suitable software language such as C, C++, or Perl, for example.
The extraction files 320 are employed by the random number generator 204 and the event probability generator 210 to generate the random number sequence 208 and probability profile 214, respectively, required to generate the modified test case 316. In particular, the seed 206 supplied to the random number generator 204 is the same seed 206 supplied to the random number generator 204 in
By way of implementation, if an illegal test case is called test100.tc and the new, modified version of the ATG is located at /usr/bin/testgen, then the automatic extraction and regeneration process may be effectuated by calling out a script, e.g., "regen," and executing a modified test case as follows:
As may be appreciated by those skilled in the art, additional software functionalities can also be provided (for example, via software switches, dynamically linkable module options, and the like) to customize or further modify the dynamics of the extraction and regeneration process described herein. It should be appreciated from the foregoing description of
Although the invention has been particularly described with reference to certain illustrations, it is to be understood that the forms of the invention shown and described are to be treated as exemplary embodiments only. Various changes, substitutions and modifications can be realized without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
|Brevet cité
|Date de dépôt
|Date de publication
|17 févr. 1994
|27 déc. 1994
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|Test data formatter
|20 mars 1997
|29 sept. 1998
|Fujitsu Limited
|Test pattern preparation system
|22 avr. 1997
|1 déc. 1998
|Integrated Measurement Systems, Inc.
|System and method for efficiently generating testing program code for use in automatic test equipment
|8 déc. 1998
|23 oct. 2001
|Lsi Logic Corporation
|File driven mask insertion for automatic test equipment test pattern generation
|15 nov. 2001
|15 mai 2003
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Method and apparatus for rule-based random irritator for model stimulus
|29 janv. 2001
|5 juin 2003
|Matt Bowen
|System, method and article of manufacture for interface constructs in a programming language capable of programming hardware architetures
|Brevet citant
|Date de dépôt
|Date de publication
|3 mars 2008
|16 nov. 2010
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Method and apparatus for reducing test case generation time in processor testing
|27 juil. 2010
|30 juil. 2013
|Salesforce.Com, Inc.
|Module testing adjustment and configuration
|1 févr. 2012
|30 sept. 2014
|Empirix, Inc.
|Method of embedding configuration data in a non-configuration document
|1 oct. 2003
|21 avr. 2005
|Thompson Ryan C.
|System and method for generating a test case
|5 févr. 2014
|5 juin 2014
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Automatic identification of information useful for generation-based functional verification
|1 févr. 2013
|8 aoűt 2013
|Empirix Inc.
|Method of embedding configuration data in a non-configuration document
|Classification aux États-Unis
|Classification internationale
|Classification coopérative
|Classification européenne
|27 oct. 2003
Owner name: HEWLETT-PACKARD DEVELOPMENT COMPANY, L.P., TEXAS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:THOMPSON, RYAN CLARENCE;MALY, JOHN WARREN;SMITH, ZACHARYSTEVEN;REEL/FRAME:014077/0843
Effective date: 20030924


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Item of the Day: Glow In The Dark Christmas Figurines
Zoe Zoe Sheen makes the cutest little glow in the dark clay figurines and this time, it looks like Santa's elves got involved because she's got $2 candy canes, as well as .5-1 inch penguins, snowmen and Christmas trees ready for pickup in her Etsy shop. Perfect as desk toys, mantle dressings, or your own winter wonderland, Zoe Zoe's figurines are sure to make anyone smile any time of day, regardless of whether it's Christmas or not. So, pick your handmade gifts up today! Make Christmas glow!


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The Parkour Trio is at it again... just in time for a fresh hot pocket.
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Some people like to overwork themselves.
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An exclusive episode of the popular show "What's That?"
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Ever had that friend that you couldn't bring anywhere with you? A real fish out of water?
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When meme-ing gets out of hand, you had better call the meme police.
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|By Lacey Thoms
Article Rating:
|August 8, 2014 10:49 AM EDT
A Tangled Web of GPLv2, Patents and Software Distribution
A new court case could have Far-Reaching Effects for software Licensing. It began when Versata took its licensee Ameripres Financial to court to stop them from modifying its commercial Distribution Channel Management (DCM) software. Ameriprise counter claimed that since DCM included GPL code from XimpleWare, they were allowed to make modifications. XimpleWare sued both of them, alleging that they should both release their source code under GPL obligations. To make the matter more exciting, XimpleWare then claimed that they owned patents in their GPL-licensed code, and allowing the use of their code under GPL copyright license does not automatically mean a patent license permission. So a) admire our beautiful infographic (click on the image), b) read the complex tale at opensource.com and c) read our survey of other high profile IP infringement cases.
Forget About The Phones- Is Your Fridge Safe?
A recently discovered security vulnerability has some Android users on high alert. The vulnerability, called Fake ID, can allow malware to impersonate apps and can change the phones settings ultimately taking over the device. The security hole allows hackers to create their own identity certificates then forge a claim it was issued through a certificate authority. The vulnerability has existed since the launch of Android 2.1 in January 2010 and effects devices than run on anything older than Android 4.4. Read more at Ars Technica.
Shattering Open Source Myths
We officially love Matt Asay! This time he takes aim at those still attacking open source software, and points out that many studies show that open source is often better quality than proprietary software. And to those who say that there is no money in open source hepoints out the myriad of companies that either sell services built on open source software (Netflix, Facebook, Google etc.) or the companies like Hadoop or Cloudera that sell services and software to compliment open source offers. Read Asay's full retort at InfoWorld.
Learning with GitHub
Last year Facebook launched Open Academy, a course that allows students from around the world to gain course credit by contributing to an open source project and equipping them with the broader open source skills to contribute when they enter the workforce. Open Academy works with GitHub, gives students free accounts to host their projects on, and on successfully passing the final exams honours them with Open Academy Awards. Read more at Fast Company.
Government Gives Small OSS Players a Chance
Following in the footsteps of other governments, The US General Services Administration (GSA) announced a new policy that will give priority to open source software for all new IT projects developed by the GSA. GSA CTO believes that this move will level the playing field for small open source projects that do not have a large sales force (and of course save the GSA money). Read more at Fed Scoop.
Governments Going Open. Seriously.
Adopting open source so successfully and looking quite pleased with themselves, governments are now toying with opening their other bureaucratic playgrounds. Governments at all levels around the world are slowly introducing open governance in the form of open data and transparent governance. Open of these is the city of Raleigh North Carolina with their SeeClickFix app which allows citizens to report "bugs" in infrastructure. Read more about Raleigh's open government initiatives at Motherboard.
Read the original blog entry...
Today air travel is a minefield of delays, hassles and customer disappointment. Airlines struggle to revitalize the experience. GE and M2Mi will demonstrate practical examples of how IoT solutions are helping airlines bring back personalization, reduce trip time and improve reliability. In their session at @ThingsExpo, Shyam Varan Nath, Principal Architect with GE, and Dr. Sarah Cooper, M2Mi's VP Business Development and Engineering, will explore the IoT cloud-based platform technologies driving this change including privacy controls, data transparency and integration of real time context w...
Oct. 10, 2015 12:00 PM EDT Reads: 158
As a company adopts a DevOps approach to software development, what are key things that both the Dev and Ops side of the business must keep in mind to ensure effective continuous delivery? In his session at DevOps Summit, Mark Hydar, Head of DevOps, Ericsson TV Platforms, will share best practices and provide helpful tips for Ops teams to adopt an open line of communication with the development side of the house to ensure success between the two sides.
Oct. 10, 2015 11:00 AM EDT Reads: 639
There will be 20 billion IoT devices connected to the Internet soon. What if we could control these devices with our voice, mind, or gestures? What if we could teach these devices how to talk to each other? What if these devices could learn how to interact with us (and each other) to make our lives better? What if Jarvis was real? How can I gain these super powers? In his session at 17th Cloud Expo, Chris Matthieu, co-founder and CTO of Octoblu, will show you!
Oct. 10, 2015 11:00 AM EDT Reads: 124
Developing software for the Internet of Things (IoT) comes with its own set of challenges. Security, privacy, and unified standards are a few key issues. In addition, each IoT product is comprised of at least three separate application components: the software embedded in the device, the backend big-data service, and the mobile application for the end user's controls. Each component is developed by a different team, using different technologies and practices, and deployed to a different stack/target - this makes the integration of these separate pipelines and the coordination of software upd...
Oct. 10, 2015 11:00 AM EDT Reads: 326
Mobile messaging has been a popular communication channel for more than 20 years. Finnish engineer Matti Makkonen invented the idea for SMS (Short Message Service) in 1984, making his vision a reality on December 3, 1992 by sending the first message ("Happy Christmas") from a PC to a cell phone. Since then, the technology has evolved immensely, from both a technology standpoint, and in our everyday uses for it. Originally used for person-to-person (P2P) communication, i.e., Sally sends a text message to Betty – mobile messaging now offers tremendous value to businesses for customer and empl...
Oct. 10, 2015 10:15 AM EDT Reads: 336
SYS-CON Events announced today that Sandy Carter, IBM General Manager Cloud Ecosystem and Developers, and a Social Business Evangelist, will keynote at the 17th International Cloud Expo®, which will take place on November 3–5, 2015, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA.
Oct. 10, 2015 10:00 AM EDT Reads: 134
The IoT market is on track to hit $7.1 trillion in 2020. The reality is that only a handful of companies are ready for this massive demand. There are a lot of barriers, paint points, traps, and hidden roadblocks. How can we deal with these issues and challenges? The paradigm has changed. Old-style ad-hoc trial-and-error ways will certainly lead you to the dead end. What is mandatory is an overarching and adaptive approach to effectively handle the rapid changes and exponential growth.
Oct. 10, 2015 10:00 AM EDT Reads: 256
The IoT is upon us, but today's databases, built on 30-year-old math, require multiple platforms to create a single solution. Data demands of the IoT require Big Data systems that can handle ingest, transactions and analytics concurrently adapting to varied situations as they occur, with speed at scale. In his session at @ThingsExpo, Chad Jones, chief strategy officer at Deep Information Sciences, will look differently at IoT data so enterprises can fully leverage their IoT potential. He'll share tips on how to speed up business initiatives, harness Big Data and remain one step ahead by apply...
Oct. 10, 2015 09:00 AM EDT Reads: 641
WebRTC converts the entire network into a ubiquitous communications cloud thereby connecting anytime, anywhere through any point. In his session at WebRTC Summit,, Mark Castleman, EIR at Bell Labs and Head of Future X Labs, will discuss how the transformational nature of communications is achieved through the democratizing force of WebRTC. WebRTC is doing for voice what HTML did for web content.
Oct. 10, 2015 09:00 AM EDT Reads: 1,444
"Matrix is an ambitious open standard and implementation that's set up to break down the fragmentation problems that exist in IP messaging and VoIP communication," explained John Woolf, Technical Evangelist at Matrix, in this SYS-CON.tv interview at @ThingsExpo, held Nov 4–6, 2014, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA.
Oct. 10, 2015 07:00 AM EDT Reads: 5,951
WebRTC has had a real tough three or four years, and so have those working with it. Only a few short years ago, the development world were excited about WebRTC and proclaiming how awesome it was. You might have played with the technology a couple of years ago, only to find the extra infrastructure requirements were painful to implement and poorly documented. This probably left a bitter taste in your mouth, especially when things went wrong.
Oct. 10, 2015 06:00 AM EDT Reads: 826
The broad selection of hardware, the rapid evolution of operating systems and the time-to-market for mobile apps has been so rapid that new challenges for developers and engineers arise every day. Security, testing, hosting, and other metrics have to be considered through the process. In his session at Big Data Expo, Walter Maguire, Chief Field Technologist, HP Big Data Group, at Hewlett-Packard, will discuss the challenges faced by developers and a composite Big Data applications builder, focusing on how to help solve the problems that developers are continuously battling.
Oct. 10, 2015 04:00 AM EDT Reads: 521
Nowadays, a large number of sensors and devices are connected to the network. Leading-edge IoT technologies integrate various types of sensor data to create a new value for several business decision scenarios. The transparent cloud is a model of a new IoT emergence service platform. Many service providers store and access various types of sensor data in order to create and find out new business values by integrating such data.
Oct. 10, 2015 04:00 AM EDT Reads: 610
There are so many tools and techniques for data analytics that even for a data scientist the choices, possible systems, and even the types of data can be daunting. In his session at @ThingsExpo, Chris Harrold, Global CTO for Big Data Solutions for EMC Corporation, will show how to perform a simple, but meaningful analysis of social sentiment data using freely available tools that take only minutes to download and install. Participants will get the download information, scripts, and complete end-to-end walkthrough of the analysis from start to finish. Participants will also be given the pract...
Oct. 10, 2015 03:00 AM EDT Reads: 341
WebRTC: together these advances have created a perfect storm of technologies that are disrupting and transforming classic communications models and ecosystems. In his session at WebRTC Summit, Cary Bran, VP of Innovation and New Ventures at Plantronics and PLT Labs, will provide an overview of this technological shift, including associated business and consumer communications impacts, and opportunities it may enable, complement or entirely transform.
Oct. 10, 2015 02:15 AM EDT Reads: 772
SYS-CON Events announced today that Dyn, the worldwide leader in Internet Performance, will exhibit at SYS-CON's 17th International Cloud Expo®, which will take place on November 3-5, 2015, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA. Dyn is a cloud-based Internet Performance company. Dyn helps companies monitor, control, and optimize online infrastructure for an exceptional end-user experience. Through a world-class network and unrivaled, objective intelligence into Internet conditions, Dyn ensures traffic gets delivered faster, safer, and more reliably than ever.
Oct. 10, 2015 02:00 AM EDT Reads: 662
WebRTC services have already permeated corporate communications in the form of videoconferencing solutions. However, WebRTC has the potential of going beyond and catalyzing a new class of services providing more than calls with capabilities such as mass-scale real-time media broadcasting, enriched and augmented video, person-to-machine and machine-to-machine communications. In his session at @ThingsExpo, Luis Lopez, CEO of Kurento, will introduce the technologies required for implementing these ideas and some early experiments performed in the Kurento open source software community in areas ...
Oct. 10, 2015 01:00 AM EDT Reads: 788
Too often with compelling new technologies market participants become overly enamored with that attractiveness of the technology and neglect underlying business drivers. This tendency, what some call the "newest shiny object syndrome," is understandable given that virtually all of us are heavily engaged in technology. But it is also mistaken. Without concrete business cases driving its deployment, IoT, like many other technologies before it, will fade into obscurity.
Oct. 10, 2015 12:00 AM EDT Reads: 185
Who are you? How do you introduce yourself? Do you use a name, or do you greet a friend by the last four digits of his social security number? Assuming you don't, why are we content to associate our identity with 10 random digits assigned by our phone company? Identity is an issue that affects everyone, but as individuals we don't spend a lot of time thinking about it. In his session at @ThingsExpo, Ben Klang, Founder & President of Mojo Lingo, will discuss the impact of technology on identity. Should we federate, or not? How should identity be secured? Who owns the identity? How is identity ...
Oct. 9, 2015 10:00 PM EDT Reads: 455
The buzz continues for cloud, data analytics and the Internet of Things (IoT) and their collective impact across all industries. But a new conversation is emerging - how do companies use industry disruption and technology enablers to lead in markets undergoing change, uncertainty and ambiguity? Organizations of all sizes need to evolve and transform, often under massive pressure, as industry lines blur and merge and traditional business models are assaulted and turned upside down. In this new data-driven world, marketplaces reign supreme while interoperability, APIs and applications deliver un...
Oct. 9, 2015 08:00 PM EDT Reads: 323


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Eastgate: Cincinnati, OH
After having hip revision surgery performed this past November and being a veteran of many orthopaedic procedures, I anticipated a challenging, but uneventful rehabilitation at the NovaCare Eastgate center in Cincinnati,…
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West Chester: West Chester, PA
Experiencing extreme pain, frustration and sleep deprivation following rotator-cuff surgery, I was not only feeling overwhelmed and defeated, but also having serious doubts whether I would ever achieve a full recovery.…
NovaCare Rehabilitation: Austintown, OH
"I was a patient of NovaCare Rehabilitation in Austintown, OH. It's been about nine months now since my hip arthroscopy and I again just wanted to thank the Austintown team for all of your help and…
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Today, America's employers are very much at risk - paying nearly one billion dollars per week in workers' compensation costs. Through the WorkStrategies® Program, our main objectives are to: reduce the frequency and severity of injuries; achieve higher levels of employee functionality; and reduce the employer's TOTAL workers' compensation costs and lost work time.
We partner with employers, case managers, claim managers, TPAs, and insurance companies to provide innovative an cost-effective SOLUTIONS for the prevention and treatment of work-related injuries.
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People tend to check in during these times:
Add hours
Memang sje every month dtg sini 😅😅😅
Mulakan hari dengan berdoa kepada Allah Yang Maha Esa.
Ubat mmg slalu tak ada..bkn apa kita g hsptl sbb nk sihat bkn lg sakit..klu kami mampu nk bli ubt xde la kami nk g sni..
Nice and super friendly nurses, doctors. Only thing they need to take serious on medicine supply that always out. Mostly for diabetic and high blood. Please take note peeps.
You found me ! Welcome to the most unpopulated hospital...every seat that you sit on probably the first time. Tweet me @haniffraymond if you're here !
Terbaik among others
Hospital baru....n infra semua cukup dan baik. Sangat memuaskan....
masalah stok ubat is utterly disappointing. patients are depending on the meds. you are dealing with ppl's lives, kot? take it seriously la.
just bcoz its not a private service it doesnt mean you cant improve to give a better service.
One of the best hospitals I've been to, very clean and they hv great and efficient working staff. Cafeteria @ lvl2 serves some good Malay dishes.
The best government hospital so far. Delivered my first baby here one year ago..service are tiptop..pada yg dok komplain tu,nk yg bagus kuarkan duit lebih sikit gi hospital swasta,okay..
First time gi hospital yg x de org kt lobby & parking spaces berlambak2
its pretty private here. only army, navy, air force.. and I guess fire dept. its cozy n creepy at the same time. cafe food 2/10.. friendly nurse!!
The interior design of the building looks great.
Farmasi Veteran: Mon-Fri 8am-4.30pm. Lunch breaks 1pm-2pm (Fri 12.15pm-2.45pm)
service lembab
saya nak dapatkan no telipon kilinik ortopidek
Nearby veterans should be allowed to see doctors for normal cases like before instead of going to Mindef to save cost and avoid inconveniences for the elderly.
hospital kerajaan dikunjungi ramai pesakit.tak sanggup menunggu pergi je Kat swasta..bayarla.syukurla apa yang Ada..doktor n staff friendly and baik
Doc dia garang .. Tapi misi dia lawa
Farmasi veteran slalu sgt xde stock ubat la... Susah la kalo cmni weiiii...
patients ramai..staff kurang,staff awam malas n slow buat keje..
Hishhhh, slownye service kat sini...huhuhu...:-(
lampu tandas x nyala....
Wad perubatan lelaki campur dengan orng gila . Ape ni? atok saya admin kat sini coz of sakit jntung! N bad thing why kena campur dgn orng mcm tu. Cucu atok nak tgk pon tak bole! Ambil tindakan segera.
Memanjang je xde stock ubat2 kt sini, dh la ubat2 yg xde stock 2 sume penting utk org sakit jantung n darah tinggi!!! Pls do something la..
Penat semua ada
Check up anggota badan aku
Cell phone network are so weak at here -.- the line always gone mad ..
Kalo dtg awal2 pun blm tentu lagi dpt jpe doc cepat....makan masa smpi 3jam!
Wife on call..
Asthma Attacked!
Cafe di sini menyedihkan, cold fried mee hoon :(
Keberangkatan Kol. YDP Kor Kesihatan DiRaja DYMM Paduka Seri Sultan Perak Darul Ridzuan Sultan Azlan Shah ke HAT TM
Cafeteria on level 2 for cheap eats
Semua tgh bt2 rajin bekerja
Visit my friend father laa ,,, warded ,,, cool man this place
Hosptl Besar... Tapi doktor xda.. Tolak patient plak tu.. Suh pi klinik lain plak tu...
Awesome doctors, especially in A&E and the staff nurse is super friendly and helpful, so r the matrons, but cafeteria food....can do better
Parking sng, wad pn x crowded
Keep in going doin physio in here..
One of the cleanest and not too crowded gov hospital in town. Kinda creepy though
cell network weakens as u go further into the building. need to lepak outside to get/send my emails. hu. hu. :)
masuk kwsn spital tutup lampu,sila sengih2 kat MP...senyum tu kan sedekah
The best hospital in town
tmpt ku bekerja skrg
how i want to be anurse at hospital tengku mizan ?
Thank u Dr. Loh for attending (with so much patience) to the confusion of my mother's ENT appointment. Very professional indeed. Kudos!
Nice to see that the staffs/officers treat senior citizens with much tender & respect. Thanx!
The cafeteria is at level 2, near 'Lobby Lift 2 & 3'. Just follow the sign.


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Native Plants
Q. Who is Mr. Smarty Plants?
A: There are those who suspect Wildflower Center volunteers are the culpable and capable culprits. Yet, others think staff members play some, albeit small, role. You can torture us with your plant questions, but we will never reveal the Green Guru's secret identity.
Did you know you can access the Native Plant Information Network with your web-enabled smartphone?
Ask Mr. Smarty Plants is a free service provided by the staff and volunteers at the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center.
Need help with plant identification, visit the plant identification page.
rate this answer
Tuesday - June 23, 2009
From: N. Richland Hills, TX
Region: Southwest
Topic: Shrubs
Title: Small drought-resistant shrub for northeast Texas
Answered by: Nan Hampton
QUESTION:I am replacing the formal hedge of hollies along the front of my house and was planning to use mostly Inidan Hawthornes, but now I'm reading that they are very prone to disease, are there any low growing diease-resistant varieties for NE TX? They will be in a bed facing South. If you have other suggestions for smaller drought resistant shrubs, please suggest away.
ANSWER:Mr. Smarty Plants certainly wouldn't be recommending Rhaphiolepis indica (Indian hawthorn) since it is a native of Asia and what we are all about here at the Wildflower Center is increasing "the sustainable use and conservation of native wildflowers, plants and landscapes." We do, however, have recommendations for native plants to replace your hollies. These are all evergreens.
Morella cerifera (wax myrtle) has dwarf, compact varieties for sale.
Mahonia swaseyi (Texas barberry)
Mahonia trifoliolata (agarita)
If you would like to find more choices (although not evergreen), please visit our Recommended Species page and select North Central Texas from the map or the pull-down menu. This will give you a list of commercially available native plants for landscapiing in your area. You can use the NARROW YOUR SEARCH option to limit the list to shrubs by selecting 'Shrub' from the General Appearance category.
More Shrubs Questions
Native plants that are dog-proof in South Texas
July 13, 2008 - I live in Odem, Texas and would like to use only native plants in my front and backyard. I have two puppies who love to dig. What plants should I use that require minimal attention from me and will no...
view the full question and answer
October 09, 2010 - What is the best spacing for Malpighia glabra plants and how tall will they grow in College Station, TX?
view the full question and answer
Low water hedge for Sedona, AZ
August 19, 2009 - I'm looking for a shrub to plant along a 90' property line with my neighbor in Sedona, Arizona (high desert). Ideally, the shrub would grow to about 8' and would not require too much water. What wo...
view the full question and answer
Is a Texas Mountain Laurel too messy for swimming pool area?
November 24, 2008 - Our landscaper has recommended a Texas Mountain Laurel to plant beside our swimming pool. We recently removed Cherry Laurels from the same location because of the mess they made in the pool (especiall...
view the full question and answer
Stress in potted Tif blueberry plants
August 15, 2008 - Recently purchased Tif Blue Blueberry plants (about 3 ft tall)are showing signs of stress. They are in 10 gallon pots. Should they be transplanted? Medium? Fertilizer? Location? Trimming?
view the full question and answer
|Support the Wildflower Center by Donating Online or Becoming a Member today.
Mr. Smarty Plants wants you to be his Facebook friend. Click the Facebook icon to add yourself to Mr. Smarty Plants list of friends.


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I am an amateur photographer who loves to take all kinds of pictures of God's creations. Our small town affords me many opportunities when I am out walking.
WunderPhotos Upload
Uploaded by: eanj1952
Thursday March 29, 2012
Chester, NE (Current Weather Conditions)
Caption: Taken as we arrived home after our walk.
Manufacturer: Canon
Model: Canon EOS DIGITAL REBEL XTi
Orientation: top - left
x-Resolution: 72.00
y-Resolution: 72.00
Resolution Unit: Inch
Software: Adobe Photoshop 7.0
YCbCr Positioning: co-sited
Compression: JPEG compression
Exposure Time: 1/100 sec.
FNumber: f/5.6
Exposure Program: Landscape mode (for landscape photos with the background in focus)
ISO Speed Ratings: 250
Exif Version: Exif Version 2.21
Components Configuration: Y Cb Cr -
Shutter speed: 6.64 EV (APEX: 10, 1/100 sec.)
Aperture: 4.97 EV (f/5.6)
Exposure Bias: 0.00 EV
Metering Mode: Pattern
Flash: Flash did not fire, compulsory flash mode.
Focal Length: 85.0 mm
User Comment:
FlashPixVersion: FlashPix Version 1.0
Color Space: sRGB
PixelXDimension: 700
PixelYDimension: 467
Focal Plane x-Resolution: 4433.30
Focal Plane y-Resolution: 4453.61
Focal Plane Resolution Unit: Inch
Custom Rendered: Normal process
Exposure Mode: Auto exposure
White Balance: Auto white balance
Scene Capture Type: Standard
March 29, 2012 Photo Series
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We enjoy pizza and soft drinks starting at 5:30. Use exterior stairwell to 2nd floor for access after 6:00 PM.
We looked at the similarities between AutoCAD and Revit. The pizza was awesome! Thank you ATSICAD.com
0 · June 19, 2013
I started the group because there wasn't any other type of group like this. I've met some great folks in the group who have become close friends and have also met some amazing business owners.
— Bill, started New York City Gay Craft Beer Lovers
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Nick Offerman Reads Tweets From Young Female Celebsby Free Britney at . Comments
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I love your shows there so funny
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Yoko è la storia di un giovane ufficiale americano e un'orfana giapponese sullo sfondo della Seconda Guerra Mondiale. Un romanzo da leggere tutto d'un fiato.
Yoko Ono's Hair
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A book of somewhat experimental poetry by Maria Morisot...
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An appropriation of Grapefruit by Yoko Ono by Chinese artist Shuang Li.
Nose Buried in God's Gray Pubic Hair
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Collected poems of Yoko Molotov from 2011-2012. Poems rich and ripe with imagery.
Bossy Behavior
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Yoko Molotov's second volume of poetry, including themes of confession, the sea and loveless anxiety. Includes illustrations.
90 Days With Mrs. Tom Volume 4
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Mrs. Tom has 90 days to wake from her coma or the doctors will pull the plug. Daily watercolor diary entries spanning 2011 through 2012 with loose existential narrative. Vol.4 in the series.
Next Crime
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This is the third collection of short stories, poems and art by Yoko Molotov. Themes include haunted houses, ghosts, love and anxiety. Photography by Phoebe Digges-Elliott
Weird Vein
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Collected poems of Yoko Molotov 2014-2015 Themes include Death, Change, Love, and some kind of flaw with the Human Condition
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Ellen Hilariously Scared Selena Gomez With A Man Dressed As Taylor Swift
Ellen just wants to scare you, scare you, uh-huh.
John Stamos And Julianne Moore Acted Out A Soap Opera Entirely Using Taylor Swift Lyrics
John Stamos can make the bad guys good for a weekend.
"Saturday Night Live" Made Fun Of Taylor Swift's #Squad
The Squad, the horror film you never knew you wanted.
Which Taylor Swift "1989" Tour Outfit Would You Rock?
You could strut looking just as cute as Tay Tay.
Definitive Proof Taylor Swift Lyrics And Horror Movies Go Perfectly Together
Every horror movie gets a sequel.
Who Said It: Taylor Swift Or Dr. Phil?
Their similarities will surprise you.
Taylor Swift Donated $50,000 To Her Backup Dancer's Nephew With Cancer
"Taylor Swift is an angel and my family and I can't thank her enough...She is such an incredible human being."
What Do You Want Your Fave's Next Album To Sound Like?
We know you have opinions about this.
Taylor Swift And Haim Danced Flawlessly While Nelly Sang "Hot In Herre" On The 1989 World Tour
This tour could go on forever and that would be fine with me.
Triple J Under Fire For Playing Ryan Adams' Taylor Swift Cover In Act Of "Blatant Sexism"
Are we out of the woods yet?
La réaction de cette mamie quand Taylor Swift a fait venir Mick Jagger sur scène est parfaite
Il n'y a pas que des ados parmi les groupies.
Taylor Swift Performing At Stagecoach Is Actually You On The Weekend
You've got that Jameson look in your eyes.
We Are All This Screaming Taylor Swift Fan
Witness the dark, excited soul of fandom.
21 Makeup Tutorials That Will Help You Recreate Iconic Music Video Looks
Elaborate eyeliner is what separates pop stars from the rest of us.
This Grandma Had The Best Reaction To Taylor Swift Bringing Mick Jagger Out Onstage
It's not just teenagers who know how to fangirl.
Which Version Of "1989" Is The Best?
Taylor Swift vs. Ryan Adams — help us decide which edition reigns supreme.
26 Things Taylor Swift Did In 2008 That She Would Never, Ever Do Now
It was a big year for blue eyeshadow and ballgowns.
My Mom And I Went To A Taylor Swift Concert And It Was Pure Magic
The only person cooler than Taylor Swift is my mom.


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We stock all Primo Grill models so you can choose the set up you need. The original style Kamado Grill is perfect for the traditional Kamado enthusiast. If entertaining or more cooking space is your thing, then look no further than what has made Primo famous for their ceramic Grills and Smokers - the Primo Oval XL. The Primo Grills and Smokers patented oval design is our top selling model as it features up to 680 square inches of grilling space with added racks! If it is a smaller oval size you want then consider none other than the Primo Oval Jr. that can have up to 280 square inches of grilling space.
If you have any questions, or would prefer to order your Primo Grill by phone, please call us toll free 1-866-440-4922 or contact us here.


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Quotes: One More Day
The deal with Mephisto is symptomatic of a bigger problem for the character and the people who write him: the unwillingness for the character to become an adult...The reason why they don't think there's "drama" in marriage is because marriage is an aspect of real life, and they don't want the escapism of Peter Parker swinging through the air and stopping bad guys being infected with the drama of things that people have to endure in the real world... But the truth is the reader has grown up, got married, had kids, has relatives that die and they have to move on. The reader changed, but Peter Parker has not.
—Linkara note
So, if you think about it, Spider-Man not only made a deal with the Devil, he actually came out of it pretty damn good! He gets his aunt saved, his buddy gets back to life, his identity is secured, he still gets to have a long term relationship with a damned supermodel back then and fool around with kinky sex-addicted cat girls now...Basically all Satan gets is the thrill of blinking some bridal photos out of existence. Aaah...Ouch? I guess? So let that be a lesson, kids! If you screw up and need to make a deal with the devil, make sure it's with the Marvel devil. That guy's no idea of what he's doing!
—Bob Chipman note


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|Freeride, Freestyle, All Mountain, Alpine Touring
|Flex Index:
|Heat Moldable
|Buckle Layout:
|3 Buckle
|Buckle Material:
|Last Width:
|Walk Mode:
|Manufacturer Warranty:
|2 Year
No run is too tough for the Salomon Quest Max 100 Ski Boots! The Salomon Quest Max 100 Ski Boots are the perfect combination of comfort, flexibility and style giving you ultimate performance when it comes to ski boots. The boots feature a custom shell, not only giving you maximum durability, but providing the protection you need from the elements as well. These are an excellent all mountain ski boot that is a viable option for any rider, no matter their style. The Salomon Quest Max 100 Ski Boots is waiting to solve your worst skiing problems, get yours today!
Quest Max 100


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Staff Report May 08, 2015 1:35PM
Hinesville recognizes National Day of Prayer
Six ministers led Hinesville residents in prayer on the old courthouse steps Thursday morning in observance of the National Day of Prayer. [More]
Staff Report May 06, 2015 11:56AM
Organization hosts shopping spree for military families
More than 500 military children went on a shopping spree at Bryant Commons April 29, courtesy of United Military Care. [More]
Staff Report May 05, 2015 2:42PM
May 5: What's happening on Fort Stewart & HAAF
Find out what's happening this week on Fort Stewart and Hunter Army Air Field for you and the whole family! [More]
Staff Report May 04, 2015 5:38PM
Valdosta flag rally
An estimated 1,000 people came out to Valdosta April 24 to voice their opinion on a veteran's decision to take away an American flag that... [More]
Staff Report May 04, 2015 3:42PM
Car gets wedged under moving truck
A woman driving on I-95 Monday morning became stuck under an 18-wheeler and dragged 858 feet before it stopped on the side of the interst... [More]
Staff Report May 04, 2015 10:59AM
Woman makes infant burial gowns from wedding dress
Liberty County local Maryann Wilson had her wedding dress made into infant burial gowns and donated them to Liberty Regional Medical Cent... [More]
Staff Report May 01, 2015 11:15AM
Courier Sports Break May 1
In this week's Courier Sports Break: Tigers' baseball season done, Bell set to play ball at Paine College, Lady Panther soccer team falls... [More]
Staff Report Apr 30, 2015 4:50PM
State of the City 2015
Hinesville's Mayor Jim Thomas spoke at Connection Church April 30 to discuss a range of topics involving the city including crime, Fort S... [More]
Staff Report Apr 30, 2015 1:05PM
Kessler Elementary School's field day
Fort Stewart's Kessler Elementary School held a field day as part of April being Month of the Military Child. [More]
Staff Report Apr 30, 2015 12:17PM
Long HS students get dose of reality
The Long County Sheriff's Office held its annual Prom Promise/Student Safety Awareness Day recently. Events included a car crash demonstr... [More]
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It is always a nice experience when the good gets victory over the evil. Now you can get all the very best of Zombie games with the latest Zombie Shooter Games android application.
• Hundreds of Zombies have captured your city and created a total chaos in it
• You have your own powerful gun only to tackle them
• Begin ceaseless firing to kill all of them
• Once they all are dead, you have the option to check into next level
• Next level is filled with another filthy set of Zombies
• Smash all the Zombies in various levels to win the game
Tags: zombie shooter games