text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Oct 19, 2010
|Filing date
|Oct 29, 2001
|Priority date
|Oct 29, 2001
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Tucker L. Smith, James L. Browning
|Original Assignee
|Teradata Us, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (10), Referenced by (14), Classifications (38), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates generally to methods and systems for tracking user activity at a terminal on a communication network and, more particularly, to methods and systems for generating user profiles based on user activity a communication terminal.
The Internet is a well-known computer network that supports the interaction of literally millions of computers. Most of these computers communicate through a client/server scheme although the peer-to-peer communication model is used as well. Although the Internet was originally envisioned for the purpose of facilitating the dissemination of information between geographically divergent locations, many have tried to exploit the electronic commerce capability of this network. Few companies, however, have succeeded in establishing commercial viability through revenue generated from sales occurring in Internet electronic transactions alone. Consequently, others have attempted to find a commercial opportunity in the prolific communication traffic that occurs over the Internet for the purposes of information acquisition and dissemination.
Many Western nations are mass consumer markets and vendors vie for the attention of consumers in order to interest them in their products and/or services. Advertising has moved into every media form as it has arisen, particularly in Western nations, to present products and services to potential consumers in an effort to influence their buying decisions. Advertising agencies and vendors spend significant amounts of resources to learn the attributes that identify those consumers most likely to purchase particular goods and services so the advertising can be placed in the media viewed most often these consumers.
This targeting of consumers having a high degree of likelihood in purchasing a company's products or services is very important. As the agencies and companies expend significant resources to develop advertising for various media, they want to present them where they are most likely to be effective. For example, car manufacturers do not buy television broadcast time for children's programs and cartoons because the viewers of these shows are not consumers of automobiles. However, cereal manufacturers do purchase this broadcast time because these viewers do influence the buying decisions for breakfast cereals that are made by their parents. Thus, those persons responsible for buying access to media venues are very interested in the persons who view the various media venues.
The problem with the Internet and indeed any communication network where people are able to view a media anonymously is that little or no knowledge about the demographics of the viewers is known. One particularly frustrating aspect of computer network communication is the inability to identify the computers accessing a server or peer over the network. For example, most users access the Internet through an Internet Service Provider (ISP). In this communication scheme, a user couples to an ISP's communication hub by communicating messages and files through a modem over an analog or digital telephone line. From the ISP's hub, the messages and files may be routed internally through the ISP's intranet to servers or peers that are subscribers to the ISPs services or the messages and files may be routed to the external Internet routers for delivery to servers or peers that are not ISP subscribers. In the message formats for the files and messages, a user's computer includes an Internet Protocol (IP) address to identify the user's computer. However, the ISP typically assigns a different IP address to a computer each time a user accesses the ISP hub and the ISP may change the IP address before sending a message or file out to the external Internet in an effort to cloak the identity of the user's computer. Likewise, computers known as firewalls and secure routers may also alter an IP address for external communications to frustrate efforts to compromise the integrity of a user's computer.
In an effort to pierce this level of anonymity, some sites utilize the cookie field of Transport Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) messages. "Cookies," as they have come to be commonly known, are identifiers assigned by a server or peer and placed in reply messages to another computer. Browsers, the application programs for communicating over computer communication networks, particularly those using Hyper Text Transport Protocol (HTTP) for Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) documents, use the cookie for subsequent messages to the site that assigned the cookie. At the conclusion of a communication session with a site, the communication program, such as a browser, stores the site address and cookie in a file on the user's computer. If the user accesses the site during another subsequent browsing period, the browser determines that the site has been previously accessed by the user and inserts the stored cookie into the messages with the site. If the computer at the site has stored the cookies that it has previously assigned, it can detect the return of a computer that has previously visited. If any information was stored regarding the last time the computer identified by the cookie communicated with the site, then it can be retrieved and used. For example, if the user registered with the site by providing a user name and other user data during the previous visit, then, using the cookie as a key, the site computer can retrieve this data and welcome the user by name without requiring the user to login.
If users were willing to register on computer sites then advertisers would be able to learn more about the people who visit computer sites. Unfortunately, most users are resistant to providing personal information. Consequently, a site computer may be able to detect the occurrence of another communication session with a computer to which a cookie was previously assigned but little or no information about the user can be ascertained. Not until the user provides personal data in response to a request to complete an information form or performs some transaction that accurately identifies the user will the site be able to obtain demographic data on the user. Once a user's name and/or address can be obtained then personal information databases may be mined to obtain demographic data to further identify the user's interests and attributes.
Operators of Web sites or other computer sites on computer networks have attempted to exploit the potential of advertising to the users who view content delivered from a site. Site operators try to attract advertisers and vendors by touting the number of "clicks" or "hits" registered at their site. They promote the advertising potential of the site by offering to run banner ads in their site content. Advertisers evaluate the advertising effectiveness of a site by examining the amount of communication traffic at a site and the content of the site. Some content is more desirable to a particular age group, gender, or income level and, if that age group, gender, or income level is not an important consumer of the advertiser's goods and services, advertising at the site is not a good investment.
At least two problems make this evaluation difficult. For one, some sites act as portals to a variety of content. Consequently, advertisers have a difficult time in assessing the content that is being most frequently viewed by users. Although a portal may have content that would attract new car buyers and after market car accessory buyers, if most of the hits demonstrate new car buyer visits then an after market accessory manufacturer would not do well in advertising at the site. To address this problem, systems have been developed that record and store session logs of a user's activity with a site. These systems typically record the Universal Resource Locators (URL) that a user requests for viewing at a user's computer. Using this information, a cookie may be associated with a session log and the content contained in the URLs of the log. An analysis of the most frequently requested logs may be performed to identify the most frequently obtained content from the site to assist in the identification of the users attracted by the site.
The second problem for advertisers is information regarding the users. While a site operator may have suppositions regarding the identity of a user accessing the site, the fact remains that all the site really knows is that a cookie identifier has been associated with a list of URLs accessed by the cookie-identified computer. However, there is rarely a one-to-one correspondence between a computer and a user. Many families use a common computer for all family members to access the Internet. Thus, when different family members use the computer during different browse periods to access the same site, a program at the site analyzing the user activity associates the activity with a single user. This assumption blurs the demographic distinctions that may be ascertained from the content previously viewed through the computer. If banner ads are selected based on this prior user activity then ads having little or no interest to the current user will be displayed. Because hits on banner ads are an important statistic for attracting advertisers to a site, a site operator wants to place ads before a viewer that are likely to result in a hit. Analyzing user activity from a single computer as if a single user generated it reduces the likelihood of accurately identifying the user during a session.
What is needed is a method of analyzing user activity associated with a cookie that differentiates between users of a computer.
What is needed is a system that recognizes different users of a single computer and selects appropriate advertising for the recognized user.
The above-noted limitations of previously known systems and methods for analyzing user activity associated with a computer have been overcome by a system and method that operate in accordance with the principles of the present invention. The system for profiling different users having a common terminal identifier comprises a user activity data analyzer for extracting profile data from user terminal activity data, a user identifier for determining whether the profile data corresponds to a profile data history associated with the user terminal, and a user profile generator for generating a profile data history from the profile data for another user to be associated with the terminal in response to the profile data not corresponding to the profile data history associated with the user terminal. The user activity data analyzer extracts site addresses, URLs, click event data, metadata and other user activity from a session log to compile information useful for assessing a user's interests. This extracted profile data may then be compared to a profile history previously generated and associated with the terminal identifier. A low level of correspondence between the extracted profile data and the profile history associated with the terminal identifier indicates that a different user is generating the user activity data. The user profile generator then builds a profile history from the extracted profile data and associates it with the terminal identifier. The profile histories are provided different user identifiers. Upon subsequent detection of the terminal identifier, the profile data extracted from the user activity is compared to both profile histories to determine which user is navigating the site. Once sufficient profile data has been extracted to determine which profile history corresponds to the extracted data, advertising content that corresponds to the identified user may be selected and included in the content requested by the current user.
The system of the present invention may be implemented at a content communication site, such as a Web site, or at a content communication hub, such as an ISP hub. At a content communication site, the system analyzes session logs associated with a terminal identifier, such as a cookie. At a communication hub, the system may analyze a browse period log and the terminal identifier may be a cookie or an IP address. A browse period log is a database of user activity beginning with the initial access of the ISP hub and the user's logout from the ISP hub. Within this browse period are the session logs containing the user activity data that has occurred between a user and the various content communication sites visited by the user during the browse period. At the communication hub, therefore, the system of the present invention may obtain a wider range of profile data than is available at a content communication site alone. This additional information is useful in identifying the interests of each user of a computer. Also, the IP addresses and information available to the ISP hub through its support software located on a terminal may be useful in further identifying the computer and user driving a browse period. For example, a laptop identified by the support software may indicate which family member is driving a browse period and that person's identity may be used to supplement the data in the profile history. The stationary model used in the family house may indicate other users and help differentiate those users and their profiles from the laptop user even though they all access the computer through the same ISP account.
The system of the present invention may be particularly useful in cable television networks (CATV). To support view on demand and other user selection services, CATV networks are providing channels for receiving communication from subscriber sites. These channels may be used by the processors in set top boxes to send data regarding the broadcast channel being viewed on a television set at a subscriber site. Messages indicating the power on and power off status of a television set may be used to identify browse periods and data regarding duration of view for each channel displayed may be evaluated as session data. These data may be analyzed to develop a parent profile, a husband profile, a wife profile, and group and individual child profiles for the viewers at a subscriber site. Comparing the extracted profile data to the profile histories associated with a subscriber identifier, the system at the head end of the CATV network may be able to identify the viewer or viewer group at different television sets at a subscriber site. The system may then select different advertising content to be delivered to the different sets operating at the subscriber site. The ads or interest content may be displayed at a set as a scroll window along a border of the screen or as a window within screen display.
The method of the present invention comprises extracting profile data from user terminal activity data, determining whether the profile data corresponds to a profile data history associated with the user terminal, and generating a profile data history from the profile data for another user to be associated with the terminal in response to the profile data not corresponding to the profile data history associated with the user terminal. The method may be performed at a content communication site or a communication hub in a communication network. The terminals may be computers identified by cookies or IP addresses or they may be television sets located at subscriber sites and further identified by data from set top processors. The method permits the different users and viewers of the terminals to be detected and associated with profile histories for the terminals. This data may also be used to better target advertising and further enhance the advertising potential of a communication content site, an ISP service, or a CATV system.
It is an object of the present invention to differentiate users and viewers at terminals in a communication system without requiring registration information.
It is an object of the present invention to identify a user during a session for purposes of targeting advertising to the user.
It is an object of the present invention to build a user profile during a session in response to extracted profile data having a low degree of correspondence with existing profile histories associated with a terminal.
It is an object of the present invention to mine session and browse period data to detect different users of a terminal.
One advantage of the present invention is the ability to profile more users from hits at a content communication site to improve the advertising potential of the site.
Another advantage of the present invention is the ability to more accurately profile users from hits at a content communication site.
Another advantage of the present invention is the ability to differentiate users or groups of users who access a content communication site through a secure access device such as a firewall.
These and other objects, advantages and features of the present invention may be discerned from reviewing the accompanying drawings and the detailed description of the invention. dr
The present invention may take form in various system and method components and arrangement of system and method components. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating an exemplary embodiment and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
A system in which the system and method of the present invention may be used is shown in
In more detail, client computers 12, 16, 20, C1-Cm, and terminals T1-Tm may be any conventional known personal computers, work stations, desktop, portable, handheld, set top, personal digital assistants, or wireless communication devices that may couple through an ISP, other service provider or communication hub to any wide area or local area network such as the Internet or an intranet. These devices typically include a processor, storage, programmed instruction for operating the device and a display. The examples shown in
Content for these information requests may come from other client users or from content communication sites such as Web server 60. Web servers typically establish and manage a session with a user. The requests for data and reply messages from a client device are typically provided to another computer for processing such as CGI 70. CGI 70 typically executes script programs to locate resources for transmission to the requesting clients from databases located in proximity to CGI 70 such as databases 64 and 66 or from remote databases. These resources are typically identified by Universal Resource Locators (URL) that are included in the request and reply messages from client devices.
In establishing the communication session with a client device, Web server 60 typically searches a data field in the request or reply for cookie data. Cookie data is identifying data placed in a message returned to a client device by a Web server. The communication application program in a client is commonly known as a browser. Browsers support communication over a communication network through a service provider in a variety of protocols. Although the HTTP protocol and documents in the HTML language/format are the ones most commonly used in many communication networks, other protocols and language/formats are typically supported. Most known browsers store in the client device the cookie data that is assigned by a server at a content communication site to the client device and insert the cookie data into data requests for subsequent communication sessions with the content communication site. In this manner, most servers at content communication sites may identify client devices communicating with them that have previously visited the site.
In previously known systems, systems for generating user profiles used the cookie data to recognize a client device that has subsequent communication sessions with the content communication site. These systems collect the user activity data such as length and time of a session, resources accessed in a session, a log of the mouse events occurring at the user client device, and transaction data entered by the user at the site. This data may be obtained by monitoring the messages returned to the site from the client device or the site may embed or otherwise download an application program with a document sent to the client device that executes on the client device and collects user activity. This user activity data may then be returned to the system at the site for data analysis and user profile generation. For example, a data object or a Java applet may be downloaded for user activity data collection purposes. If the user accepts a plug and play activity monitor, the application program for collecting user activity data may not only collect data but store the data on the user's storage drives and monitor user activity data at other content communication sites. This stored data may then be returned to the content communication site that downloaded the plug and play component. User activity components may also be part of the browser application program to obtain the same advantages as the plug and play modules. Regardless of the collection method, these previously known systems have evaluated the collected data as if they were generated by only one user. These systems perform Bayesian model analysis such as general Bayesian networks, hidden Markov models, and decision trees derived from Bayesian networks. Other statistical and probabilistic models are known and used to analyze the user activity data to construct a user profile for a single user. The limitation of these previously known systems is that they do not evaluate the user activity data to determine whether the user activity comports with a user profile associated with the client device. Thus, the analysis done on the user activity is used to alter the user profile history and that affects its accuracy. Only if the user has previously provided registration data, such as a user name, account number or other specific user identifying data, are these previously known systems able to determine that a user activity corresponds to a user other than one for which a profile history has been previously generated. The system and method of the present invention overcomes this limitation of previously known systems.
User identifying system 80 of
As shown in
An exemplary embodiment of system 80 is shown in more detail in
An exemplary process performed by system 80 is shown in
If a user profile was found in the database that corresponded to the key then a degree of correlation is determined between the extracted profile data and the retrieved profile (block 128). This comparison may be based on the number of common resource identifiers, web sites, or personal data entries that are the same. Also, metadata associated with resources and web sites may be compared for common terms and a score of correlation determined for evaluating the correlation of the two profiles. The threshold may be a static number of common items, a percentage of items found in both profiles, or some other known statistical measurement of correlation that may be derived from such data. If the correlation score indicates the user profiles belong to different users, keys for two profiles associated with the computer identifier are generated (block 130) and the new profile is generated (block 114). The new profile is stored in association with its key while the previously existing profile is stored in association with its new key (block 118). The extracted profile data is used to update the new profile (block 120) and content is selected based on the user preferences (block 124). If the correlation score indicates the two profiles are likely for the same user, the extracted profile data is merged into the existing profile (block 134). The process continues by updating the profile with extracted profile data (block 120) and selecting content for the user based upon the profile data (block 124).
When a session or browse period ends and no further terminal activity data are available for profile data extraction, a profile comparison occurs (block 138). If no profile was generated then the comparison yields a correlation score (block 140) that permits the modified profile to be stored (block 144). If a new profile was generated and the comparison score indicates the profiles are for different users (block 140), both profiles are stored or verified as being stored in association with the different users associated with the same computer identifier (block 144). If the comparison indicates the newly generated profile should be part of the existing profile, the profiles are merged (148) and stored (144). In this manner, the process verifies the basis for the differentiation of users at the same computer identifier. This reduces the likelihood that different responses for a user associated with an existing profile result in the continued existence of a separate user profile. Additionally, the profile(s) may then be "scrubbed" of data that has not been supplemented or refreshed by subsequent activity. For example, data acquired for a gift purchase may not be supplemented with related preference data because the gift represents the recipient's preferences as perceived by the user and not the user's preferences. After making the gift purchase, the user is not likely to visit that site or similar ones thereafter. Such data may be detected and removed by searching for correlated with a subsequent time period such as three months. If no preference data corresponding or correlated to the preference data previously extracted are located, the previously extracted data are deleted from the corresponding profile history.
In operation, the system of the present invention is coupled to a web site, ISP provider, or a user's terminal. A system located at a web site, extracts profile data from a user's interaction with the site during a communication session with the site. User identification data such as cookie data or the like is used to determine whether a user profile exists and to retrieve it if it does. The extracted data are used to determine whether a different user is interacting with the site. If a difference is detected, a second user profile history is generated and associated with the terminal identifier associated with the user activity data from which profile data are being extracted. Otherwise, the existing user profile history is updated. At the end of the communication session, the profile history is evaluated for merger into the existing profile and scrubbed of preference data that has not been supplemented or refreshed recently.
A system located at an ISP provider, extracts profile data from user activity data with web sites during a browsing session through the ISP provider. User identification data such as cookie data or the like is used to determine whether a user profile exists and to retrieve it if it does. The extracted data are used to determine whether a different user is conducting the browsing session. If a difference is detected, a second user profile history is generated and associated with the terminal identifier associated with the user activity data from which profile data are being extracted. Otherwise, the existing user profile history is updated. At the end of the communication session, the profile history is evaluated for merger into the existing profile and scrubbed of preference data that has not been supplemented or refreshed recently.
A system located at a user's terminal, extracts profile data from user activity data during a browsing session. Terminal identification data such as manufacturer's identification number or the like is used to determine whether a user profile exists and to retrieve it if it does. The user profile may be stored at the terminal or at a third party site. The extracted data may be used at the terminal or third party site to determine whether a different user is using the terminal to conduct a browsing session. If a difference is detected, a second user profile history is generated and associated with the terminal identifier. One or more user profiles stored at the terminal may be transmitted to the third party site for the purpose of analyzing the preference data in the profile and selecting content for transmission to the terminal, either directly or through another server on the network. The site receiving the profile history may then signal the terminal to delete the preference data from the profile history to release storage space on the terminal, although a compressed or summary version of the history may be stored at the terminal to facilitate initial activity evaluation at the terminal. The existing user profile history may then be updated. At the end of the communication session, the profile history is evaluated for merger into an existing profile and scrubbed of preference data that has not been supplemented or refreshed recently.
The system and method of the present invention may also be used in a CATV system or other subscriber communication system. In the exemplary system of
The system and method of the present invention may be included at head end 154, hub 158, or a terminal 168. Activity data may include channel selection data, metadata regarding the content of the channel being received, set top box identification data, subscriber site data, and the like. This data may be used to generate different profiles for the terminals at a subscriber site. For example, a subscriber's house may have two televisions with one located in a family area and another located in the bedroom of the parents. With a system 80 located at a hub 158 or head end 154, one or more profiles may be generated for each television. The television in the family area may eventually generate a profile for identifying children preferences as they view the television at common times and repeat viewing patterns. The television in the parents' room may lead to the generation of a parent profile, a husband profile, and a wife profile. The generation of these various profiles arises from the similar content viewed by a group or individual on a repeated basis. Thus, the system and method of the present invention provides user identification at different televisions in the same subscriber site. With this data, different advertising content, for example, may be selected and sent on different channels for different televisions operating within a home at the same time. Accordingly, content for screen within screen (SWS) viewing for cartoon viewing on the family room television may be selected in accordance with a children profile while the SWS content for the pre-game show viewed in the master bedroom may be selected in accordance with the husband profile. In this manner, advertising and other content may be targeted because different profiles are developed for the same subscriber site.
In operation, a system of the present invention may be installed at the head end of a CATV system and the processors of the set top boxes programmed to return channel-being-viewed data. The set top box may also return data regarding a downloaded movie being viewed if the system permits movie downloading and time-shifted viewing. The system located at the head end extracts profile data from a content-being-viewed data during a viewing period at a terminal such as a television. Terminal identification data such as set top box or a manufacturer's number identification data or the like are used to determine whether a user profile exists and to retrieve it if it does. The extracted data are used to determine whether the content being viewed indicates a viewer different than the profile history associated with the terminal identification data is viewing the terminal. If a difference is detected, a second user profile history is generated and associated with the terminal identifier. Otherwise, the existing user profile history is updated. At the end of the viewing session, the profile history is evaluated for merger into the existing profile and scrubbed of preference data that has not been supplemented or refreshed recently.
While the present invention has been illustrated by a description of exemplary processes and system components, and while the various processes and components have been described in considerable detail, it is not the intention of the applicant to restrict or in any limit the scope of the appended claims to such detail. Additional advantages and modifications will also readily appear to those skilled in the art. For example, while the description above focuses on a client/server implementation, the system and method of the present invention may also be adapted to a peer-to-peer system as well. The invention in its broadest aspects is therefore not limited to the specific details, implementations, or illustrative examples shown and described. Accordingly, departures may be made from such details without departing from the spirit or scope of applicant's general inventive concept.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Nov 29, 1994
|May 26, 1998
|Herz; Frederick
|System and method for scheduling broadcast of and access to video programs and other data using customer profiles
|Apr 26, 1996
|Dec 8, 1998
|Freedom Of Information, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for determining behavioral profile of a computer user
|Aug 11, 1998
|Nov 23, 1999
|Be Free, Inc.
|Computer program apparatus for determining behavioral profile of a computer user
|Nov 14, 1997
|Feb 1, 2000
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Internet quality-of-service method and system
|Nov 12, 1997
|Oct 3, 2000
|Ncr Corporation
|Collection and integration of internet and electronic commerce data in a database during web browsing
|Nov 14, 1997
|Oct 17, 2000
|Aptex Software, Inc.
|System and method for optimal adaptive matching of users to most relevant entity and information in real-time
|Nov 20, 1997
|Nov 21, 2000
|Ncr Corporation
|Computer architecture and method for validating and collecting and metadata and data about the internet and electronic commerce environments (data discoverer)
|Nov 12, 1997
|Nov 21, 2000
|Ncr Corporation
|Computer architecture and method for collecting, analyzing and/or transforming internet and/or electronic commerce data for storage into a data storage area
|Feb 6, 1998
|Jan 30, 2001
|Microsoft Corporation
|Method and apparatus for display of information prefetching and cache status having variable visual indication based on a period of time since prefetching
|Feb 28, 2001
|Dec 6, 2001
|Blasko John P.
|Privacy-protected targeting system
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Oct 22, 2007
|Feb 28, 2012
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Public status determination and security configuration of a browser
|Oct 11, 2011
|Oct 16, 2012
|Open Text, S.A.
|System and method of associating events with requests
|Nov 6, 2008
|Feb 26, 2013
|Open Text S.A.
|Method and system for identifying website visitors
|Aug 20, 2012
|Jul 2, 2013
|Yahoo! Inc.
|System and method for profile filtered advertisements
|Sep 11, 2012
|Nov 5, 2013
|Open Text S.A.
|System and method of associating events with requests
|Aug 3, 2012
|Mar 25, 2014
|Intent IQ, LLC
|Targeted television advertising based on profiles linked to multiple online devices
|Sep 30, 2011
|Jun 10, 2014
|Blackberry Limited
|Systems and methods of adjusting contact importance for a computing device
|Oct 2, 2012
|Nov 25, 2014
|Amazon Technologies, Inc.
|Identifying information in resource locators
|Nov 22, 2011
|Feb 24, 2015
|Accenture Global Services Limited
|Data collection framework
|Jan 28, 2013
|Apr 28, 2015
|Open Text S.A.
|Method and system for identifying website visitors
|Mar 4, 2014
|Jul 7, 2015
|Intent IQ, LLC
|Targeted television advertising based on profiles linked to multiple online devices
|Aug 19, 2010
|Michael Ross Starkenburg
|Management of profiles for interactive media guidance applications
|Jul 2, 2010
|Jan 5, 2012
|Vijay Krishna Narayanan
|Large-Scale User Modeling Experiments Using Real-Time Traffic
|May 24, 2012
|Accenture Global Services Limited
|Data Collection Framework
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Oct 29, 2001
Owner name: NCR CORPORATION, OHIO
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:SMITH, TUCKER L.;BROWNING, JAMES L.;REEL/FRAME:012363/0786;SIGNING DATES FROM 20011012 TO 20011019
Owner name: NCR CORPORATION, OHIO
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:SMITH, TUCKER L.;BROWNING, JAMES L.;SIGNING DATES FROM 20011012 TO 20011019;REEL/FRAME:012363/0786
|Mar 18, 2008
Owner name: TERADATA US, INC.,OHIO
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:NCR CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:020666/0438
Effective date: 20080228
|Apr 7, 2014
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4


text:
American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association
Real Estate Economics
Indiana University, Kelley School of Business, 1309 East Tenth Street, Suite 738, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
Phone: (812) 855-7794
Fax: (812) 855-8679
Web page: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=1080-8620
More information through EDIRC
Phone: (812) 855-7794
Fax: (812) 855-8679
Web page: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=1080-8620
More information through EDIRC
Order information:
Web: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/subs.asp?ref=1080-8620
Current editor: Crocker Liu
Current editor: N. Edward Coulson
Current editor: Walter Torous
Additional information is available for the following
registered editor(s): N. Edward Coulson
For corrections or technical questions regarding this series, please contact (Wiley-Blackwell Digital Licensing) or (Christopher F. Baum)
Series handle: repec:bla:reesec
Citations RSS feed: at CitEc
Top item:
Citations RSS feed: at CitEc
Impact factors
- Simple (last 10 years)
- Recursive (10)
- Discounted (10)
- Recursive discounted (10)
- H-Index (10)
- Aggregate (10)
Top item:
- By citations
- By downloads (last 12 months)
1999, Volume 27, Issue 4
- 621-648 The Suburban Housing Market: Effects of City and Suburban Employment Growth
by Richard Voith
- 649-667 The Urban Homeowner's Residential Location Decision in an Asset-Pricing Context
by Kenneth Wieand
- 669-694 The Industrial Organization of Housing Supply: Market Activity, Land Supply and the Size of Homebuilder Firms
by C. Tsuriel Somerville
- 695-717 Residential-Mortgage Lending Discrimination and Lender-Risk-Compensating Policies
by Henry Buist & Peter D. Linneman & Isaac F. Megbolugbe
- 719-749 Are Brokers' Commission Rates on Home Sales Too High? A Conceptual Analysis
by Paul Anglin & Richard Arnott
1999, Volume 27, Issue 3
- 389-424 Measuring Neighborhood Investments: An Examination of Community Choice
by Denise DiPasquale & Matthew E. Kahn
- 425-451 Valuing New Urbanism: The Case of Kentlands
by Charles C. Tu & Mark J. Eppli
- 453-481 Search, Bargaining and Optimal Asking Prices
by Michael A. Arnold
- 483-515 The Integration of Commercial Real Estate Markets and Stock Markets
by David C. Ling & Andy Naranjo
- 517-541 Is the Information Deficiency in Real Estate Evident in Public Market Trading?
by David H. Downs & Z. Nuray Güner
- 543-560 Residential Real Estate Brokerage Efficiency and the Implications of Franchising: A Bayesian Approach
by Danielle Lewis & Randy Anderson
- 561-586 An Empirical Study of Derivatives use in the REIT Industry
by Yuh-Sheng Horng & Peihwang Wei
1999, Volume 27, Issue 2
- 183-207 Do Real Estate Prices and Stock Prices Move Together? An International Analysis
by Daniel C. Quan & Sheridan Titman
- 209-230 Real Estate "Cycles": Some Fundamentals
by William C. Wheaton
- 231-262 Supply Adjustments to Demand Shocks in the Commercial Real Estate Market
by George H. Lentz & K.S. Maurice Tse
- 263-298 The Accuracy of Owner-Provided House Values: The 1978-1991 American Housing Survey
by Katherine A. Kiel & Jeffrey E. Zabel
- 299-334 Evaluating Statistical Models of Mortgage Lending Discrimination: A Bank-Specific Analysis
by Mitchell Stengel & Dennis Glennon
- 335-363 Hedging GNMA Mortgage-Backed Securities with T-Note Futures: Dynamic versus Static Hedging
by Gregory Koutmos & Andreas Pericli
- 365-387 The Workings of the London Office Market
by Patric H. Hendershott & Colin M. Lizieri & George A. Matysiak
1999, Volume 27, Issue 1
- 1-25 Bank Efficiency, Risk-Based Capital, and Real Estate Exposure: The Credit Crunch Revisited
by William L. Weber & Michael Devaney
- 27-61 The Performance of Commercial Mortgages
by Brian A. Ciochetti & Kerry D. Vandell
- 63-78 Risk and Return within the Single-Family Housing Market
by Theodore M. Crone & Richard P. Voith
- 79-104 Revisions in Repeat-Sales Price Indexes: Here Today, Gone Tomorrow?
by John M. Clapp & Carmelo Giaccotto
- 105-134 Community Reinvestment and Credit Risk: Evidence from an Affordable-Home-Loan Program
by Paul S. Calem & Susan M. Wachter
- 135-167 The Effect of Residential Crowding on Labor Productivity with Evidence from the Twilight of Polish Socialism
by R. Scott Hacker
- 169-182 A Normalized Citation Analysis of Real Estate Journals
by Arnold L. Redman & Herman Manakyan & John R. Tanner
1998, Volume 26, Issue 4
- 555-580 Dividend Policy and Cash-Flow Uncertainty
by Michael Bradley & Dennis R. Capozza & Paul J. Seguin
- 581-612 REIT-Based Pure-Play Portfolios: The Case of Property Types
by David Geltner & Brian Kluger
- 613-649 The Value in Targeting Institutional Investors: Evidence from the Five-or-Fewer Rule Change
by David H. Downs
- 651-676 An Analysis of the "Ex Ante" Probabilities of Mortgage Prepayment and Default
by Tyler T. Yang & Henry Buist & Isaac F. Megbolugbe
- 677-693 The Effects of Securitization on Mortgage Market Yields: A Cointegration Analysis
by James W. Kolari & Donald R. Fraser & Ali Anari
- 695-718 Cost Inefficiency and the Holding of Non-traditional Assets by Solvent Stock Thrifts
by A. Sinan Cebenoyan & Elizabeth S. Cooperman & Charles A. Register & Sylvia C. Hudgins
- 719-740 Selling Time and Selling Price: The Influence of Seller Motivation
by Michel Glower & Donald R. Haurin & Patric H. Hendershott
1998, Volume 26, Issue 3
- 259-289 The Conditional Probability of Mortgage Default
by Dennis R. Capozza & Dick Kazarian & Thomas A. Thomson
- 391-429 Modeling the Conditional Probability of Foreclosure in the Context of Single-Family Mortgage Default Resolutions
by Brent W. Ambrose & Charles A. Capone
- 431-468 Valuing Prepayment and Default in a Fixed-Rate Mortgage: A Bivariate Binomial Options Pricing Technique
by Jimmy E. Hilliard & James B. Kau & V. Carlos Slawson
- 469-492 Analyzing Real Estate Data Problems Using the Gibbs Sampler
by John R. Knight & C.F. Sirmans & Alan E. Gelfand & Sujit K. Ghosh
- 493-509 Continental Factors in International Real Estate Returns
by Piet Eichholtz & Ronald Huisman & Kees Koedijk & Lisa Schuin
- 511-535 Appraisal Smoothing: The Other Side of the Story
by Tsong-Yue Lai & Ko Wang
- 537-553 A Test of a Buying Rule for "Underpriced" Apartment Buildings
by Jane Londerville
1998, Volume 26, Issue 2
- 173-205 Mortgage Choice: What's the Point?
by Richard Stanton & Nancy Wallace
- 207-234 Evaluating the Costs of Increased Lending in Low and Negative Growth Local Housing Markets
by Fang-xiong Gong & Joseph Gyourko
- 235-274 New Place-to-Place Housing Price Indexes for U.S. Metropolitan Areas, and Their Determinants
by Stephen Malpezzi & Gregory H. Chun & Richard K. Green
- 275-307 Housing Market Conditions, Listing Choice and MLS Market Share
by David Dale-Johnson & Stanley W. Hamilton
- 309-329 What Do Rental Contracts Reveal About Adverse Selection and Moral Hazard in Rental Housing Markets?
by John D. Benjamin & Kenneth M. Lusht & James D. Shilling
- 331-347 Generalizing the OLS and Grid Estimators
by R. Kelley Pace & Otis W. Gilley
- 349-358 A Longitudinal Examination of the Appraisal Smoothing Hypothesis
by Julian Diaz & Marvin L. Wolverton
1998, Volume 26, Issue 1
- 3-39 The Predictability of International Real Estate Markets, Exchange Rate Risks and Diversification Consequences
by Crocker H. Liu & Jianping Mei
- 41-66 Assessing the Performance of Real Estate Auctions
by Christopher J. Mayer
- 67-82 The Cyclic Behavior of the U.S. Lodging Industry
by William C. Wheaton & Lawrence Rossoff
- 83-106 Chicago's Office Market: Price Indices, Location and Time
by Peter F. Colwell & Henry J. Munneke & Joseph W. Trefzger
- 107-129 Dynamics of the Greenbelt Amenity Effect on the Land Market-The Case of Seoul's Greenbelt
by Chang-Moo Lee & Peter Linneman
- 131-150 Managerial Style and Firm Value
by Dennis R. Capozza & Paul J. Seguin
- 151-171 Dwelling Age Heteroskedasticity in Repeat Sales House Price Equations
by Allen C. Goodman & Thomas G. Thibodeau
1997, Volume 25, Issue 4
- 525-537 Tender Mercies: Efficient and Equitable Land use Change
by Peter F. Colwell
- 539-565 Temporal and Spatial Information Diffusion in Real Estate Price Changes and Variances
by Walter Dolde & Dogan Tirtiroglu
- 567-589 Determinants of Buyer Search in a Housing Market
by Paul M. Anglin
- 591-614 The Effects of the Real Estate Crisis on Institutional Stock Prices
by Chinmoy Ghosh & Randall S. Guttery & C.F. Sirmans
- 615-630 Changes in REIT Liquidity 1990-1994: Evidence from Intra-day Transactions
by Vijay Bhasin & Rebel A. Cole & Joseph K. Kiely
- 631-655 Mortgage Default in Local Markets
by Dennis R. Capozza & Dick Kazarian & Thomas A. Thomson
- 657-681 Determinants of Performance for Mortgage-Backed Securities Funds
by John G. Gallo & Richard J. Buttimer & Larry J. Lockwood & Ronald C. Rutherford
- 683-693 The Impact on Housing Values of Restrictions on Rights of Ownership: The Case of an Occupant's Age
by A. Quang Do & G. Grudnitski
- 695-705 Using a Bootstrap to Measure Optimum Mixed-Asset Portfolio Composition:
by Alan J. Ziobrowski & Ping Cheng & Brigitte J. Ziobrowski
- 707-708 Editors' Note
by Dennis R. Capozza & James D. Shilling & Kerry R. Vandell
1997, Volume 25, Issue 3
- 347-371 Estimating Borrower Mobility from Observed Prepayments
by John P. Harding
- 373-385 The Impact of Initial-Year Discounts on ARM Prepayments
by Richard K. Green & James D. Shilling
- 387-407 Redevelopment of Real Assets
by Joseph T. Williams
- 409-438 Congestion Effects of Spatial Growth Restrictions: A Model and Empirical Analysis
by Man Cho
- 439-451 Hierarchical Zoning, Incompatible Uses and Price Discounts
by Paul K. Asabere & Forrest E. Huffman
- 453-485 The Value of Federal Sponsorship: The Case of Freddie Mac
by James F. Gatti & Ronald W. Spahr
- 487-503 Using Nonlinear Tests to Examine Integration Between Real Estate and Stock Markets
by John Okunev & Patrick J. Wilson
- 506-523 Real Estate and the Arbitrage Pricing Theory: Macrovariables vs. Derived Factors
by Su-Jane Chen & Cheng-Ho Hsieh & Bradford D. Jordan
1997, Volume 25, Issue 2
- 175-192 A Long Run House Price Index: The "Herengracht Index", 1628-1973
by Piet M.A. Eichholtz
- 193-221 International Evidence on Real Estate Securities as an Inflation Hedge
by Crocker H. Liu & David J. Hartzell & Martin E. Hoesli
- 223-251 Currency Swaps and International Real Estate Investment
by Alan J. Ziobrowski & Brigitte J. Ziobrowski & Sidney Rosenberg
- 253-270 Follow the Leader: How Changes in Residential and Non-residential Investment Predict Changes in GDP
by Richard K. Green
- 271-294 An Analysis of Resolution Trust Corporation Transactions: Auction Market Process and Pricing
by Sudhir Nanda & James E. Owers & Ronald C. Rogers
- 295-319 The Stock Performance of Securitized Real Estate and Master Limited Partnerships
by Ko Wang & John Erickson
- 321-345 Do Common Risk Factors in the Returns on Stocks and Bonds Explain Returns on REITs?
by James D. Peterson & Cheng-Ho Hsieh
1997, Volume 25, Issue 1
- 1-12 Housing and Urban Development Indicators: A Good Idea Whose Time Has Returned
by Stephen Malpezzi & Stephen K. Mayo
- 13-41 A Human Development Index for U.S. Cities: Methodological Issues and Preliminary Findings
by Stephen J. Agostini & Sandra J. Richardson
- 43-80 Indicators of Local Housing Affordability: Comparative and Spatial Approaches
by Amy S. Bogdon & Ayse Can
- 81-104 Can Urban Indicators Predict Home Price Appreciation? Implications for Redlining Research
by Ying Li & Eric Rosenblatt
- 105-128 Measuring External Shocks to the City Economy: An Index of Export Prices and Terms of Trade
by Anthony Pennington-Cross
- 129-172 Indicators of Housing Finance Intergenerational Wealth Transfers
by Edwin Deutsch
1996, Volume 24, Issue 4
- 421-440 Turnover as a Measure of Demand for Existing Homes
by James A. Berkovec & John L. Goodman
- 441-470 Rational Expectations, Market Fundamentals and Housing Price Volatility
by Jim Clayton
- 471-491 Forecasting the Discounts of Market Prices from Appraised Values for Real Estate Limited Partnerships
by Brad M. Barber
- 493-515 Systematic Risk and Diversification in the Equity REIT Market
by Joseph Gyourko & Edward Nelling
- 517-530 A Comparison of Prices Brought by English Auctions and Private Negotiations
by Kenneth M. Lusht
- 531-549 Comparing the Accuracy of the Minimum-Variance Grid Method to Multiple Regression in Appraised Value Estimates
by Tsong-Yue Lai & Ko Wang
- 551-563 A Note on Ranking Real Estate Research Journals
by Julian Diaz & Roy T. Black & Joseph Rabianski
1996, Volume 24, Issue 3
- 273-292 Search and Liquidity in Single-Family Housing
by Fred A. Forgey & Ronald C. Rutherford & Thomas M. Springer
- 293-316 Real Estate Brokers, Nonprice Competition and the Housing Market
by Geoffrey K. Turnbull
- 317-339 Mixed Uses and the Redevelopment Option
by Paul D. Childs & Timothy J. Riddiough & Alexander J. Triantis
- 341-358 How "Local" are Local Office Markets?
by Dean M. Hanink
- 359-377 The Role of Real Estate in the Portfolio Allocation Process
by Jarl G. Kallberg & Crocker H. Liu & D. Wylie Greig
- 379-406 Adjustable and Fixed Rate Mortgage Termination, Option Values and Local Market Conditions: An Empirical Analysis
by James VanderHoff
- 407-419 On the Design and Pareto-Optimality of Participating Mortgages
by M. Shahid Ebrahim
1996, Volume 24, Issue 2
- 133-160 What Have African Housing Policies Wrought?
by Stephen Malpezzi & J. Sa-Aadu
- 161-178 Evidence of Racial Discrimination in Different Dimensions of Owner-Occupied Housing Search
by Canopy Roychoudhury & Allen C. Goodman
- 179-194 The Dynamic Impact of Unseasonable Weather on Construction Activity
by N. Edward Coulson & Christian Richard
- 195-218 The Role of Principal-Agent Conflicts in the 1980s Thrift Crisis
by Rebel A. Cole & Robert A. Eisenbeis
- 219-245 Explaining Intermetropolitan Variation in Housing Prices, Rents and Land Prices
by Michael J. Potepan
- 247-256 The Bootstrap Efficient Frontier for Mixed-Asset Portfolios
by Youguo Liang & F.C. Neil Myer & James R. Webb
- 257-272 Determinants of Industrial Property Value
by Larry J. Lockwood & Ronald C. Rutherford
1996, Volume 24, Issue 1
- 1-22 Credit Restrictions and the Market for Commercial Real Estate Loans
by Brent W. Ambrose & John Benjamin & Peter Chinloy
- 23-41 Throwing Good Money After Bad? Cash Infusions and Distressed Real Estate
by Bradford Cornell & Francis A. Longstaff & Eduardo S. Schwartz
- 43-54 The Borrower's Choice of Fixed and Adjustable Rate Mortgages in the Presence of Nominal and Real Shocks
by László Szerb
- 55-73 Bank Regulatory Agreements and Real Estate Lending
by Joe Peek & Eric S. Rosengren
- 75-95 The Substitutability of Real Estate Assets
by Diery Seck
- 97-112 Matching of Buyers and Sellers by Brokers: A Comparison of Alternative Commission Structures
by Abdullah Yavas
- 113-131 Risk and Return to Housing, Tenure Choice and the Value of Housing in an Asset Pricing Context
by Richard Meyer & Kenneth Wieand
1995, Volume 23, Issue 4
- 395-400 Introduction: Deregulation and Reform of Housing and Housing Finance Markets: Recent Lessons from Western and Central Europe
by David Dale-Johnson & Stuart A. Gabriel
- 401-420 Privatized Default Risk and Real Estate Recessions: The U.K. Mortgage Market
by Peter Chinloy
- 421-439 Regional Economic Stability and Mortgage Default Risk in the Netherlands
by Piet M.A. Eichholtz
- 441-474 Home Ownership Finance in Austria and Germany
by Edwin Deutsch & Horst Tomann
- 475-495 Finnish Homes-Through Passages or Traps?
by Seppo Laakso & Heikki A. Loikkanen
- 497-527 The Effect of Housing Market Disequilibrium on the Supply of Labor: Evidence from Poland, 1989-1990
by J.M. Pogodzinski
1995, Volume 23, Issue 3
- 239-269 Imperfect Information and Investor Inferences From Housing Price Dynamics
by John M. Clapp & Walter Dolde & Dogan Tirtiroglu
- 271-310 Clustering Methods for Real Estate Portfolios
by William N. Goetzmann & Susan M. Wachter
- 311-345 ARM Wrestling: Valuing Adjustable Rate Mortgages Indexed to the Eleventh District Cost of Funds
by Richard Stanton & Nancy Wallace
- 347-368 The Strategic Role of Listing Price in Marketing Real Estate: Theory and Evidence
by Abdullah Yavas & Shiawee Yang
- 369-383 Renegotiation of Listing Contracts, Seller Opportunism and Efficiency: An Economic Analysis
by Thomas J. Miceli
- 385-394 Captive Financing Arrangements and Information Asymmetry: The Case of REITs
by Peihwang Wei & Cheng-Ho Hsieh & C. F. Sirmans
1995, Volume 23, Issue 2
- 101-116 U.S. Office Market Values During the Past Decade: How Distorted Have Appraisals Been?
by Patric H. Hendershott & Edward J. Kane
- 117-159 Gains From Diversifying Into Real Estate: Three Decades of Portfolio Returns Based on the Dynamic Investment Model
by Robert R. Grauer & Nils H. Hakansson
- 161-185 The Housing Market and Real Estate Brokers
by Suryamani Mantrala & Edward Zabel
- 187-205 A Varying Parameters Approach to Constructing House Price Indexes
by J. R. Knight & Jonathan Dombrow & C. F. Sirmans
- 207-238 Tax Rules and the Sale and Leaseback of Corporate Real Estate
by Jaime R. Alvayay & Ronald C. Rutherford & William S. Smith
1995, Volume 23, Issue 1
- 1-20 An Arbitrage-Free Estimate of Prepayment Option Prices in Fixed-Rate GNMA Mortgage-Backed Securities
by Ehud I. Ronn & Peter D. Rubinstein & Fung-Shine Pan
- 21-44 Price Discovery in American and British Property Markets
by Richard Barkham & David Geltner
- 45-63 Real Estate Investment Trusts, Small Stocks and Bid-ask Spreads
by Edward F. Nelling & James M. Mahoney & Terry L. Hildebrand & Michael A. Goldstein
- 65-83 Optimal Interest Rate-Discount Points Combination: Strategy for Mortgage Contract Terms
by Roger E. Cannaday & T. L. Tyler Yang
- 85-100 Market Microstructure and Real Estate Returns
by Ko Wang & John Erickson & George Gau & Su Han Chan
1994, Volume 22, Issue 4
- 553-581 Excess Returns, Inflation and the Efficiency of the Housing Market
by Dean H. Gatzlaff
- 583-602 Contigent Price Contracts and the Efficiency of Housing Markets
by Stephen Day Cauley
- 603-629 Urban Land Development and its Prices: The Effects of Conversion Costs with Redevelopment
by Tae H. Park & Suk Heun Yoon
- 631-646 Industrial Real Estate Mortgage Default Experience of the New York State Job Development Authority Second Loan Program: A Preliminary Investigation
by Robert A. Simons
- 647-654 Optimal Comparable Weighting and Selection: A Comment
by Richard K. Green
- 655-663 A Further Discussion of Optimal Comparable Selection and Weighting, and a Response to Green
by George W. Gau & Tsong-Yue Lai & Ko Wang
1994, Volume 22, Issue 3
- 453-477 Alternative Mortgage Instruments, Qualification Constraints and the Demand for Housing: An Empirical Analysis
by Richard A. Phillips & James H. VanderHoff
- 479-496 Temporary Buydowns and Affordability
by Jack M. Guttentag & Allan J. Redstone
- 497-513 Economies of Scope and Density in the Market for Real Estate Brokerage Services
by Leonard V. Zumpano & Harold W. Elder
- 515-526 Stock Price and Management Changes: The Case of REITs
by Willard Mclntosh & Ronald C. Rogers & C. F. Sirmans & Youguo Liang
- 527-538 Zoning Policy Changes and the Urban Fringe Land Market
by James A. Thorson
- 539-551 Waiting to Default: The Value of Delay
by James B. Kau & Taewon Kim
- iv-v Editor's Note: Journal Survey Results
by Dennis R. Capozza
1994, Volume 22, Issue 2
- 197-203 Editors' Introduction
by Dennis R. Capozza & Isaac F. Megbolugbe
- 205-233 An Empirical Analysis of the Housing Decisions of Older Homeowners
by Peter G. VanderHart
- 235-255 Reverse Mortgages and the Liquidity of Housing Wealth
by Christopher J. Mayer & Katerina V. Simons
- 257-299 Potential Beneficiaries from Reverse Mortgage Products for Elderly Homeowners: An Analysis of American Housing Survey Data
by Sally R. Merrill & Meryl Finkel & Nandinee K. Kutty
- 301-346 Preliminary Evaluation of the HECM Reverse Mortgage Program
by Bradford Case & Ann B. Schnare
- 347-366 Risk and the Home Equity Conversion Mortgage
by Edward J. Szymanoski
- 367-386 Reverse Mortgages: Contracting and Crossover Risk
by Peter Chinloy & Isaac F. Megbolugbe
- 387-408 Reverse Mortgages and Interest Rate Risk
by Thomas P. Boehm & Michael C. Ehrhardt
- 409-431 Reverse Mortgages and Prepayment Risk
by Linda S. Klein & C.F. Sirmans
- 433-450 Reverse Mortgages and Borrower Maintenance Risk
by Thomas J. Miceli & C.F. Sirmans
1994, Volume 22, Issue 1
- 1-3 Editor's Introduction
by Dennis R. Capozza
- 5-32 The 1989-92 Credit Crunch for Real Estate: A Retrospective
by James T. Fergus & John L. Goodman
- 33-58 Bank Real Estate Lending and the New England Capital Crunch
by Joe Peek & Eric S. Rosengren
- 59-94 Bank Capital and the Credit Crunch: The Roles of Risk-Weighted and Unweighted Capital Regulations
by Diana Hancock & James A. Wilcox
- 95-116 Thrift Asset-Class Returns and the Efficient Diversification of Thrift Institution Portfolios
by Rebel A. Cole & Joseph A. McKenzie
- 117-133 A Model of the Asset Disposition Decision of the RTC
by Michael Lea & Kenneth J. Thygerson
- 135-147 Failed Bank Resolution and the Collateral Crunch: The Advantages of Adopting Transferable Puts
by Eric S. Rosengren & Katerina Simons
- 149-167 Contract Design for Problem Asset Disposition
by Larry Benveniste & Dennis R. Capozza & Roger Kormendi & William Wilhelm
- 169-193 A Comparison of Nonparametric Methods to Measure Efficiency in the Savings and Loan Industry
by Richard F. Garbaccio & Benjamin E. Hermalin & Nancy E. Wallace
1993, Volume 21, Issue 4
- 353-371 Loan Loss Severity and Optimal Mortgage Default
by Vassilis Lekkas & John M. Quigley & Robert Order
- 373-404 Pricing Mortgage-Backed Securities: Integrating Optimal Call and Empirical Models of Prepayment
by Wayne R. Archer & David C. Ling
- 405-430 Equity and Nonequity Determinants of FHA Single-Family Mortgage Foreclosures in the 1980s
by Patric H. Hendershott & William R. Schultz
- 431-449 Mortgage Prepayment and Default Decisions: A Poisson Regression Approach
by Eduardo S. Schwartz & Walter N. Torous
- 451-480 Commercial Mortgage Defaults: Proportional Hazards Estimation Using Individual Loan Histories
by Kerry D. Vandell & Walter Barnes & David Hartzell & Dennis Kraft & William Wendt
- 481-510 Mortgage Refinancing with Asymmetric Information
by T.L. Tyler Yang & Brian A. Maris
- 511-538 The Integration of Mortgage Markets and Capital Markets
by Paul R. Goebel & Christopher K. Ma
1993, Volume 21, Issue 3
- 207-210 Editor's Introduction
by Kerry D. Vandell
- 211-246 Handing Over the Keys: A Perspective on Mortgage Default Research
by Kerry D. Vandell
- 247-263 Transaction Costs, Suboptimal Termination and Default Probabilities
by James B. Kau & Donald C. Keenan & Taewon Kim
- 265-291 Commercial Mortgage Pricing with Unobservable Borrower Default Costs
by Timothy J. Riddiough & Howard E. Thompson
- 293-311 Explaining Refinancing Decisions Using Microdata
by Amy Dickinson & Andrea J. Heuson
- 313-332 Elective Mortgage Prepayment: Termination and Curtailment
by Peter Chinloy
- 333-345 Why Do We Have ARMs?
by Jan K. Brueckner
1993, Volume 21, Issue 2
- 107-130 An Investigation of the Change in Real Estate Investment Trust Betas
by Terence Khoo & David Hartzell & Martin Hoesli
- 131-140 Incentive Problems and General Partner Compensation in Limited Partnership Real Estate Investments
by James R. Hamill
- 141-166 Temporal Aggregation in Real Estate Return Indices
by David Geltner
- 167-184 The Impact of Natural Hazards on Housing Values: The Loma Prieta Earthquake
by James C. Murdoch & Harinder Singh & Mark Thayer
- 185-201 Dividend Policies and Dividend Announcement Effects for Real Estate Investment Trusts
by Ko Wang & John Erickson & George W. Gau
1993, Volume 21, Issue 1
- 1-25 Inflation Risk, Payment Tilt, and the Design of Partially Indexed Affordable Mortgages
by William H. Scott & Arthur L. Houston & A. Quang Do
- 27-46 Lender Forbearance: Evidence from Mortgage Delinquency Patterns
by Thomas M. Springer & Neil G. Waller
- 47-67 Mortgage-Backed Futures and Options
by David C. Ling
- 69-82 Owner Tenancy as Credible Commitment under Uncertainty
by John L. Glascock & C. F. Sirmans & Geoffrey K. Turnbull
- 83-106 Leasing as a Lottery: Implications for Rational Building Surges and Increasing Vacancies
by Joseph Gyourko & Richard Voith
1992, Volume 20, Issue 4
- 501-517 The Value of Building Codes
by Peter F. Colwell & Abdullah Yavaş
- 519-532 The Welfare Effects of Non-Price Competition Among Real Estate Brokers
by Thomas J. Miceli
- 533-548 A Simple Search and Bargaining Model of Real Estate Markets
by Abdullah Yavaş
- 549-571 Institutional Portfolios: Diversification through Farmland Investment
by David A. Lins & Bruce J. Sherrick & Aravind Venigalla
- 573-582 Seasonal Variation in Cost-of-Funds at Thrift Institutions
by Frank E. Nothaft & George H. K. Wang
1992, Volume 20, Issue 3
- 359-391 Self-Selection in the Fixed-Rate Mortgage Market
by T. L. Tyler Yang
- 393-426 An Empirical Investigation of the Contingent-Claims Approach to Pricing Residential Mortgage Debt
by S. Michael Giliberto & David C. Ling
- 427-456 Biased Prediction of Housing Values
by J. R. Knight & R. Carter Hill & C. F. Sirmans
- 457-485 What Does the Stock Market Tell Us About Real Estate Returns?
by Joseph Gyourko & Donald B. Keim

subset: commoncrawl


text:
do you want to begin a genuine match, an intimate encounter or just a companion wired?
Expand Messages
- its totally free to sign up, have your access to our space!!
Facebook Of Sex :::> http://sex1arx.info/s/1784/62685/
SexFinder :::> http://sex1arx.info/s/1785/62685/
Hot Dating :::> http://sex1arx.info/s/1786/62685/
Mature/MILFs :::> http://sex1arx.info/s/1794/62685/
Gay :::> http://sex1arx.info/s/1789/62685/
Lesbian :::> http://sex1arx.info/s/1790/62685/
Tranny :::> http://sex1arx.info/s/1791/62685/
Swingers :::> http://sex1arx.info/s/1792/62685/
Latinos :::> http://sex1arx.info/s/1793/62685/
Free Dating :::> http://sex1arx.info/s/1788/62685/
Hot Singles :::> http://sex1arx.info/s/1787/62685/
best regards
Your message has been successfully submitted and would be delivered to recipients shortly.


text:
Sign in now to view, license and download this image or contact us to see this image without a watermark. Want to embed this image on a non-commercial website or blog? Learn more.
Similar imagesView all
Happy Faces Stock Photo1954,Black And White,Boys,Child,Childhood,Children Only,Crowded,Cute,Education,Elementary Age,Elementary Student,Europe,Excitement,Girls,Group Of People,Headshot,Horizontal,Large Group Of People,Northern Ireland,Photography,Schoolboy,Schoolgirl,Smiling,UKPhotographer John ChillingworthCollection: Hulton Archive A group of schoolchildren in Northern Ireland.


text:
Create ringtones on Audiko.net! The best opportunity to download a free Chris Jericho ringtones for your iPhone or mobile. Scope out your favorite section from your favorite award-winning track - Mark Henry, 2nd Coming, theme, or any other track. Here you can receive your ringtone both in the MP3 and m4a formats, compatible with both mobile phones and iPhones. Just select a track, and choose free Chris Jericho ringtones download option.
Download Chris Jericho Ringtones
Top free ringtones
|would you please
|WWE-Chris Jericho
|2nd Coming
|Break Down The Wall
|please shut the hell up
|break the wall
Chris Jericho
Chris Jericho


text:
Credits & Info
- Uploaded
- Oct 8, 2012 | 4:37 PM EDT
If you liked this, check these out!
Author Comments
Rated 3.5 / 5 stars
As someone else who grew up reading Tintin (my sister and I made trivia question sheets for three books), this was a hilarious tribute. Snowy's expressions in particular were well done.
Rated 5 / 5 stars
Spot on!
In Haddock's defence, those were some pretty crappily made fireworks, considering they went off just by being dropped.
Rated 5 / 5 stars
As a huge Tintin fan I love this so much! Tintin never gets angry dispite Haddock and the others nearly killing him in every comic! This is awesome!
Rated 5 / 5 stars
LOLOLOL despite tintin being my favourite comic character this is actually really funny nice work!!!
Rated 5 / 5 stars
Lol I knew tintin would snap eventually, nice animation.


text:
Instant "Members Only" Coupon Codes Emailed NOW When You Sign Up for FREE Membership!
You are already an existing user.
Do you want to opt back in?
Please check your email inbox for a confirmation message.
Just click the link to complete your subscription and receive your coupon codes.
Popular Destinations
- Mexico
- Caribbean
- Las Vegas
- Orlando
- Hawaii
- Florida
- New York City
- Costa Rica
- New Orleans
- San Francisco
Hotel HCC MontBlanc
With a stay at Hotel HCC MontBlanc, you'll be centrally located in Barcelona, steps from Palau de la Musica Catalana and minutes from Tivoli Theatre. This family-friendly hotel is close to Casa Batllo and Sagrada Familia. Read More About Hotel HCC MontBlanc
Hotel HCC MontBlanc Deals & Specials
Cosy room with one bed for single occupancy. Room features include satellite TV, free WiFi connection, safe, minibar, desk, 2 direct-dial telephones (bedroom and bathroom), and air conditioning and heating. It has a complete bathroom with a bathtub, hairdryer, anti-steam mirror and toiletries. Room service is available and there is an external laundry service. The room is completely soundproof.
- 24-Hour Front Desk
- Business Center
- Coffee Shop
- Conference Rooms
- Dry Cleaning Service
- Elevator / Lift
- Laundry Services/Laundry Facility
- Lounge/Bar
- Multilingual Staff
- Outdoor Pool
- Outdoor Seasonal Pool
- Poolside Bar
- Room Service
- Wedding Services
(+) = Additional fees may apply for the use of these amenities.
(*) = Free, some restrictions may apply.


text: Front The compact C715 adds music to just about any room. View larger NAD C715 Stereo receiver with built-in CD player Item #: 745C715 1 Review This item is no longer available. Original Price: $499.99 Shop all Home Theater Receivers Need help? 1.888.955.6000 Email Chat Ask an expert advisor No pressure, no commission — just lots of good advice from our highly trained staff.


text:
G2D Games
Most Played Games
New Games
Dressup Games
Makeover Games
Girls Games
Celebrity Games
Cool Games
Cooking Games
Baby Games
Fun Games
Game Name
Make Pancakes
Cooking Games
Game Tags
Cooking,Mouse Skill,Food,Recieps,Pan Cakes,Money,Making
Click Here to Play
Game Details :
Bake the pancakes and serve them for your guests. Dont let the pancakes burn or you wont be making it to the next level. This is a funny online flash game for girls, has some strange language but it very easy to understand and play.
New Games
Hot Girl Beach Makeove
Victoria Justice Beaut
Light Music Party Dres
Young Chick Fashion Dr
Hot Beach Girl Dress U
Wedding Day Dress Up
Long Coats Anime
High Socks
Frozen Annas Make Up L
Friendly Girl Dress Up
Turtleneck Sweaters An
Selena Gomez Hanging O


text:
A beautifully clean concept for a Read Later app. I love the flat design aesthetic and the use of typography.Posted in Interface → iPhone App
A superb set of gorgeous icons that uses little details to make a statement. I particularly like the sense of consistency across the whole set.Posted in Interface → Element
These are four very high detailed social follow buttons. Every website needs follow buttons and these unique buttons stand out as a great call to action.Michael ReimerPosted in Interface → Element
A simply stunning icon for an iPhone app that uses detail to make an immediate impact. I particularly like the various textures and the overall focus of the icon.Posted in Interface → iPhone App
A beautiful concept for a iPhone app designed to help people share the music they love. I like the iconography and the intuitive layout.Posted in Interface → iPhone App
A great concept for a weather app that makes simplicity its primary focus. I particularly like the typography and restrained use of information.Posted in Interface → iPhone App
A superb icon that uses textures perfectly to create a distinctive look.Posted in Interface → iPhone App
A great icon that uses luminance to grab your attention. I particularly like the subtle background texture and the form of the type.Posted in Interface → iPhone App
An awesome app icon that grabs your attention immediately. The colours are bright but work perfectly for the app.Posted in Interface → iPhone App
A superb concept for an iPhone app that moves away from the standard UI aesthetic. I particularly like the sharp corners of the tiles and the use of colour and texture to make an impact.Posted in Interface → iPhone App
A great design for an icon that uses texture to create a distinctive look and feel.Posted in Interface → Element
A neat little map icon that uses well recognised symbols and simple colours to create a certain aesthetic.Posted in Interface → Element
This infographic is meant to be folded up into a book but here it is shown flat. It presents information about immigrating and working in Canada.Cassandra CappelloPosted in Interface → Infographic
A great icon for a new app by Robocat. I particularly like the bright use of colours and textures to make the icon stand out from the crowd.Posted in Interface → iPhone App
Keycard app Icon, I particularly like the attention to detail and the jaunty angle.Austin EversPosted in Interface → Mac App
A simple, yet compelling, icon for a new iPhone app. I like the illustration and the uncluttered nature of the design.Posted in Interface → iPhone App
A deliciously subtle, but great, redesign of the Wunderlist icon. The alteration of the perspective is a pleasing change.Posted in Interface → iPad App
The Pure UI Kit contains over 60 elements to help customize your next application or website. The .PSD file comes completely layered for easy customization. Only text and shapes were used to create the Kit, so you can re-size without losing quality.Posted in Interface → Other
These are simple and clean rounded buttons which show only one letter/character. There are six colors and two sizes available. You can, of course, add more information to the buttons. This information will be used for machines like search engines and feed readers while your site's visitors still see the one-letter button.Posted in Interface → Other
This simple HTML and CSS freebie contains two elegant form elements — input fields, and textarea boxes. Both have a simple transparent effect, rounded corners, and gorgeous "active" states for when you're typing text. Customising the colour and details is as simple as making a few tweaks to the accompanying CSS file. The download comes with full documentation.Posted in Interface → Web App


text:
Comfortable and effortlessly cool, Étoile Isabel Marant's black track pants will transform your weekend wardrobe. This soft cotton-blend pair is cut for a flattering, tapered fit - wear them with heels or sneakers.
Black cotton-blendRibbed waistband, two side slit pockets, one buttoned back welt pocketConcealed button and zip fastening at frontFabric1: 55% cotton, 45% polyester; fabric2: 100% cottonMachine wash
Product code: 409687 - Need help? Contact us


text:
You are using an outdated browser. Please upgrade your browser to improve your ReverbNation experience.
Aug 29
Community jam. Bring instruments or use ours. All ages. Nice weather in front of On the Rise Bakery. Rain inside at Fairmount School of Music. Twice monthly. See FB community Page "Music on Fairmount" for dates.
Manager: Sheela Das


text:
SONY PS3 Slim - 160GB - 1 Controller - 4 games
Hi guys, I have my ps3 Console for sale in excellent condition and ready to be used. This ps3 comes with 160GB HDD, 4 Games, 1 controller and all the leads. List of games: Call of Duty blak ops, fifa 10, rainbow 6 vega 2, uncharted. If your int


text:
The Lakefront Trail on an emptier day. Photo by Katherine of Chicago.
#bikeCHI is the hashtag to use on Twitter when you're talking about cycling in Chicago. It's a pretty broad topic.
I ride the Lake Shore Path all winter and love it. Today I remembered why I don't ride it in the summer. #bikeCHI— Zach M. (@zachm) March 15, 2012
I think you probably know what Zach is talking about. At the most recent Bloomingdale Trail meeting, it was revealed that the Lakefront Trail can be a very busy place: during one count period, there were over 2,300 people per hour in each direction. That's a higher "ADT" than many streets in Chicago*.
Fair-weather cyclists trickle out from winter dens, dusting off spokes. #bikeChi— Josh K (@JoshuaKoonce) March 16, 2012
A poetic observation of the beginning of bicycle season in Chicago. People are coming out of the woodwork! If you need a bike tuned, or some new parts, check out one of our sponsors on the sidebar: The Bike Lane in Logan Square, Uptown Bikes in Uptown, or Boulevard Bikes in Logan Square. We also have a shopping page.
See previous Tales from #bikeCHI volumes.
*If ADT (average daily traffic) was a top factor in determining which streets were prioritized to receive upgrades, repaving, or other infrastructure investments, the Lakefront Trail should have seen it years ago. The amount of potholes, slow zones, and pinch points, is disturbing.


text:
STFU and Just Blog Video Games
Chibi-Robo! Zip Lash
Dengeki Bunko: Fighting Climax
Dragon Quest Heroes: The World...
Transformers Devastation
PC news
PC top stories
PC game reviews
PC game previews
PC games list
PS4 news
PS4 top stories
PS4 game reviews
PS4 game previews
PS4 games list
PS VITA news
PS VITA top stories
PS VITA game reviews
PS VITA game previews
PS VITA games list
PS3 news
PS3 top stories
PS3 game reviews
PS3 game previews
PS3 games list
Xbox One news
Xbox One top stories
Xbox One game reviews
Xbox One game previews
Xbox One games list
Xbox 360 news
Xbox 360 top stories
Xbox 360 game reviews
Xbox 360 game previews
Xbox 360 games list
Wii U news
Wii U top stories
Wii U game reviews
Wii U game previews
Wii U games list
3DS news
3DS top stories
3DS game reviews
3DS game previews
3DS games list
iPhone news
iPhone top stories
iPhone game reviews
iPhone game previews
iPhone games list
Android news
Android top stories
Android game reviews
Android game previews
Android games list
Free games
Tag Cloud
Front page
Community Remix
Live Activity
Logic Incarnate's blog
on 02.01.2012
Boobs are Not Sexist
Right now sexism is a hot button issue amongst games media and related gaming sites. This is in part because we are being told that females are playing games now more than ever and as such their combined voices are getting ever louder. While there is no inherent problem with this (everyone deserves to have their voice heard), there is a problem with what many of these people are choosing to speak about. While I will not excuse legitimate occurrences of sexism I will argue that the vast majority of things that people call sexist are in no way sexist. So let�s look at what I am talking about.
While Wikipedia may not be the best source of accurate information, some of the information found here will do for the sake of ease of access:
"Sexism, also known as gender discrimination or sex discrimination, is the belief that a characteristic inherent in one's sex necessarily adversely affects one's ability even though that characteristic does not necessarily have that effect."
So the below picture is not sexist:
What you are looking at are breasts. Every woman has them (medical conditions excluded), some women have large breasts, some women have small breasts. Saying that a picture of a woman�s breasts is sexist is akin to walking up to a woman on the street who happens to have large breasts and yelling at them for being sexist. That does not make sense. Being sexist would be to think that because a person has breasts that they are inherently less intelligent or otherwise less capable than a person who does not have breasts. That would be sexist.
Assumptions VS Fact
It is at this point that it is important to note that making assumptions about a person based upon certain known facts is not discrimination. Assuming a woman is not good at math because they are a woman is sexual discrimination. Assuming a woman will like pictures of cute baby animals because they are a woman is not sexual discrimination. What is the difference between these two assumptions? The mathematics assumption is sexist because (in most western countries at least) man and women have equal access to learning about mathematics. Who is better is determined by their individual abilities or how well they were taught the subject. Regarding cute animals however, women are more likely to find cute animals appealing than males. This could in part be attributed to �maternal instincts� however my girlfriend who has absolutely no �maternal instinct� as it were still breaks down every time a cute little lamb stares down the lenses of a camera.
This is of cause not saying that all women like cute animals and no men like cute animals, it is just talking percentage chances and making a safe bet. Making assumptions about people based upon known characteristics is one of the tools used by humans every day to help them get through the day. If you can�t make an assumption about someone, then you have to ask them every possible relevant question before you can get any work done with them. Lets use myself as an example. I am going to start describing myself and you are going to start picturing what sort of person I am. First off, I am male, wear glasses, play a lot of video games, work in IT and weigh about 120kg (264lbs). Right, so you have already made a few assumptions about my physical appearance, exercise routines, eating habits and probably my ability to socialize with others. You know what, there is nothing wrong with that and it would be ridiculous for me to be offended by those assumptions. That said, there are some things we can do to correct people�s assumptions. The easiest way to do this is to get more information about the individual themselves. Continuing with information about myself, I am about 187cm (6� 2�) tall, I currently play and officiate ice hockey and have in the past have also played soccer and basketball and for some time I played all three at the same time. This perhaps alters you assumptions about my physical appearance. So in making assumptions, information is the key however you can not always get as much information as you need to accurately portray someone and you need to make assumptions to bridge these gaps.
Equal Opportunity VS Equal Treatment
As far as I see it, the feminist movement�s greatest statement is that it promotes equal opportunity. The important distinction here is that they do not promote being treated the same as males but rather being given equal opportunities. When it comes to voting, women deserve an equal opportunity to vote as men do but when it comes to opening doors men who open the door for a woman is considered chivalrous. If there is a generic desk job available, a woman should be given an equal opportunity as a man to get the job based upon their individual qualities. If however a woman rejects an advance from a man slapping them in the face, people might laugh or cheer on the woman but the scene would be very different if a man to slap the woman in the face given exactly the same scenario in reverse.
So what is the difference here? Women and men ARE different and people need to accept that. Men and women have a different biological make up from each other. Women can give birth and men can not. Men on average are stronger than women. These are just facts of our genetic makeup and there is nothing wrong with that. If on the other hand you make statements about the intelligence of a woman based purely on the fact that they are a woman and you cross the line into the territory of sexual discrimination. I need to clarify again here that I am strictly talking safe bets. I am not for example saying that all men are stronger than all women (I have living proof that this is not the case) but it is true that the majority of men I know are stronger than the majority of women I know. Speaking socially, men and women play distinct social roles. Many men consider it �bonding� to greet each other by punching each other usually in the shoulder, women on the other hand are more likely to hug. Though these roles are usually culturally dependent, for a good chunk of the western audience men hugging and women punching each other is not something we would expect to happen on a regular basis.
Female Aesthetics in Video Games
Enough about general comments on sexism, let us take a look at one of the issues plaguing the debate in video games: aesthetics. While I could jump straight back to the large breasts again, let�s look at the more general idea of clothing and body armor.
The logical argument in play here is that speaking practically, the woman in the picture is dramatically under armored with large exposed areas where as the man is covered almost completely in metal. The argument then flows that the game is sexist. Let�s compare this to real world clothing, more specifically, general business ware. The default male attire (again, culturally dependent) is a long sleeve shirt, pants and a tie. Generally covering themselves from head (well neck) to toe. Women on the other hand can wear short skirts, short sleeves and a low cut top showing off bother their legs and breasts simultaneously. Does this make women who dress like this sexist? No, this is just the attire as it has been accepted by the culture it exists in. If on the other hand we forced them to dress like this (like women�s beach volleyball), that would be sexist.
In truth, both men and women want the same things from the avatar that represent them. They both want to essentially look �good�. It just so happens that looking �good� has a different standard for men and women. Men tend to want to look like muscle bound tanks (like in Gears of War) and women tend to want to have a good figure and wear clothing that extenuates said figure. You know what, both are sexual representations. This flows from the idea that women find muscle bound men attractive and men find women with a good figure attractive. Both parties just want to look like what they consider to be their �best�. People want to look �cool� and �appealing� regardless of their gender. The practicality of the outfit itself (apart from the stats they provide) would almost never get a second look in.
So just to make sure my core point has gotten across, I want to reiterate that that appearance of large breasts alone in a video game are not sexist, they are an attempt at visual appeal. Save your anger for a game that makes every woman in the game a domestic engineer lacking the ability to think of anything beyond what to cook for dinner. As a final shocking point, the majority of people like breasts. Men like them for obvious reasons and women often appreciate another woman aesthetics for entirely different reasons. Case in point, the character that I have often heard several women pointing to as a �positive� influence is:
So yea. Breasts.
on 12.20.2011
Meta Multiplayer � Skyrim and the Death of Single Player
With many people trying to proclaim the death of the single player game, Skyrim comes along and puts a flaming dragon down all of their pants. I would however argue that a good amount of the reason that Skyrim has been so well received is that it is not a single player game as we once knew it. Skyrim is a game where rather than telling you a story it creates a story for you to tell. It is a water cooler game.
What do I mean by this? I have heard a number of people talking about the talking dog they ran across. After 150+ hours, I have not come across this dog. I have also heard stories from other people who have put in a similar level of hours and have seen other things that I have not but at the same time, have not seen things that I have. This creates a point of conversation where people can pick at each other trying to work out what they have each seen. This is made possible by the way that you come across things. Quests are not exclamation points over people's heads. Some occur at fixed positions but others appear at apparently random moments and locations around the world. This enhances the real life conversation where every participant can posit a theory.
This is also enhanced by the random interaction of NPCs. People tell stories of dragons getting beat down by giants and other moments of equal craziness. If you think about the in game mechanics, it is a simple matter of two AI having their attack ranges crossing each other. When you tell the story however it becomes �I was being attacked by this dragon and I was low on health so I tried to run away. Unfortunately I ran straight into the path of a giant. Screaming with fear, I jumped behind a rock. Taking a moment, I turned back around to see where the next threat was coming from only to see the giant and the dragon slugging it out in an epic battle between a giant club and epic fireballs.� While it may not bring that much weight as I write it here, in person you get caught up in the moment waiting for the time when you can share you experience and describe your epic battle.
This story telling instantly takes Skryim from being a single player experience to being something that allows you to be the story teller to your friends and turns a single player experience into an experience shared amongst everyone else that is playing the game. This is different from a game like Mass Effect where even with multipul choices to make in conversations, you still only have only a limited number of paths you can take into and out of the conversation. Mass Effect is a game where virtually any player experience can be recreated by simply following the same steps as the person before you. In Skyrim however, events occur in an essentially random order that even the original person who experienced the event may not be able to recreate it. This makes every moment it's own unique experience for you to share with others.
Thinking that I was creating the term myself (but knowing that someone must have said it before me) I did a quick Google search for the term Meta Multiplayer and came across a description that included the concept of leader boards, passing controllers between players and other competitive benchmarks. I would however argue that these systems are still within the bounds of the games themselves and are therefore not �meta� experiences. I would propose that Minecraft is another example of Meta Multiplayer. While you can create a true multiplayer server, the majority of the games social success came from people sharing their creations over the internet. This is the Meta Multiplayer of Minecraft. A leader board is just that and functions regardless of if you are chasing your own score or that of a friend. To stick to the theme of the need to share your creation in Minecraft, building something in the game is the same as making any other piece of art. The need to show off your work and the pleasure gained from others enjoying your work is surely greater than the stand alone sensation of just making something that only you will see.
Returning to my opening statement of the death of single player games, I would argue that for at lease a purely single player experience, this will be the case. If the success of Facebook and Twitter have taught us nothing else it is that people enjoy sharing with other people. In a world where everything else is moving towards connectivity and social networking it is only natural that games are taking the same path. Where games like Dead Space are shoehorning true multiplayer into their games, Skyrim has taken the better path of creating a single player game that still allows for each player to share their experiences. While I would argue that it was perhaps an accident for Minecraft to stumble across this formula, I would equally argue that the core design of Skyrim is to allow this to happen and in this we see the future of the single player experience.
on 12.15.2011
What happened to the 1 to 1 light gun?
As far as I can tell, the biggest rejection that �core� gamers have against motion controls (aside from having to actually move) is the lack of precision they provide. Hopefully this will resolve itself over time however there is one specific aspect of current generation motion controls that baffles me and that is Duck Hunt. Duck Hunt was a game that was released more than 20 years ago on the NES that came with a light gun that essentially offered absolute precision. You could walk up to your screen press the gun against the duck flying across the screen and pull the trigger. So why then does the current Nintendo gun fire via relative positioning? What happened to the 1 to 1 point and shoot?
It is my understanding that the technical specs of modern televisions renders the Nintendo light gun unable to correctly identify the target it is pointing at but is this really an excuse? What is stopping them from developing a new set of technology that works on modern TVs? Imagine plugging an analog stick controller into your light gun and playing a first person shooter where you actually shot what you were aiming at. Imagine combining this technology with a Kinect like camera and microphone system where you could hide behind your couch for cover (the camera would know you are in cover), shout orders to your team members (or at your opponent) and then pop up and just shoot at the screen without having to worry about your position relative to anything other than actually pointing at the screen.
In this regard, the new PlayStation TV brings me some hope. Basically, aside from being a 3D TV it allows two viewers to view their own unique image. This allows for two players to play a �split screen� game where each player gets the full screen and they can not cheat by looking at the other person's screen. Where was this when I was playing Golden Eye on the Nintendo 64? So perhaps there really is an insurmountable problem with modern TVs. Solution � build a gaming TV that it will work with.
I would buy that.
Follow Logic Incarnate's c-blog
About Logic Incarnate
One of us
since 11:53 PM on 05.23.2011
Back to Top
We follow moms on
- get our newsletter, never miss a beat -
terms of use
Light Theme
Dark Theme
Pssst. Konami Code + Enter!
You may remix stuff our site under
creative commons w/@
- Destructoid means family. Living the dream, since 2006 -


text:
Narrow your search
The search giant's new Accelerated Mobile Pages project seeks to improve Web browsing on smartphones and offer fresh competition to Facebook's Instant Articles.
Which Surface makes the most sense for you? Here's how they stack up against one another, and against the Apple competition.
The price of the PlayStation 4 tumbles as expected, after after a similar move by Sony in Japan last month.
Harmonix's Alex Rigopulos: "There's not ambition or expectation that we will outsell Guitar Hero."
Capcom reveals new team-based shooter set in Resident Evil universe.
The Facebook-owned virtual-reality company is teasing new content and announcements at its upcoming event in Los Angeles -- which could include new hardware, too.
Apple is selling fewer MacBooks and iMacs, according to analyst IDC, but declining PC sales across the board means the company actually occupies a larger slice of the market.
Are you ready, Sarah Connor? Arnold Schwarzenegger will reprise his role as The Terminator for wrestling video game WWE 2K16 as a playable character for all those who preorder the game.
Available on Verizon Wireless, the LG Lancet runs Windows Phone 8.1 and features a 4.5-inch display, an 8-megapixel camera and a quad-core processor.
A new look and other design improvements make this waterproof cube of a camera a welcomed new addition to the GoPro lineup.


text:
All materials on Kansas Memory are made available for noncommercial educational and research purposes only. It is the patron's responsibility to request and obtain permission from both the image and copyright owner(s) to use materials.
To obtain permission or to purchase a reproduction, please contact the KSHS Reference Desk at 785-272-8681, ext. 117 or firstname.lastname@example.com. See the Copyright and Permission FAQ for more information.
Cyrus K. Holliday wrote from Topeka, Kansas Territory, to his wife, Mary Holliday, in Meadville, Pennsylvania. He described living conditions in Topeka. Holliday expressed his intent to write to Mr. McFarland and his thanks for letters recently received. He mentioned Samuel Y. Lum, a Congregational minister, who was sleeping in his cabin. He also mentioned his presidency with the Topeka Town Association, agency with the New England Emigrant Aid Company, and his own business. Finally, Holliday expressed hopes of a sawmill and referred to the possibility of trouble with Missourians. A few lines have been cut and removed from the lower part of pages 7 and 8.
Creator: Holliday, Cyrus Kurtz, 1826-1900
Date: December 31, 1854
Item Number: 2729
Call Number: Cyrus Kurtz Holliday Coll. #386 Box 1 Folder 1
KSHS Identifier: DaRT ID: 2729
Business and Industry - Construction - Building materials - Sawmills
Business and Industry - Occupations/Professions - Entrepreneur
Business and Industry - Occupations/Professions - Religion - Ministers
Collections - Manuscript - Holliday, Cyrus Kurtz
Community Life - Community services - Economic development
Community Life - Religion - Christianity - Congregational
Community Life - Town development - Town companies - New England Emigrant Aid Company
Community Life - Town development - Town companies - Topeka Association
Date - 1854-1860 - 1854
Environment - Weather
Government and Politics - Political Parties - Free Soil
Government and Politics - Reform and Protest - Antislavery
Government and Politics - Reform and Protest - Pro-Slavery
Government and Politics - Territorial Government - Political parties - Free State
Government and Politics - Territorial Government - Political parties - Proslavery
Home and Family - Activities - Religious - Church attendance
Home and Family - Daily life - Settlement
Military - Wars - Bleeding Kansas
Objects and Artifacts - Communication Artifacts - Documentary Artifact - Letter
People - Notable Kansans - Holliday, Cyrus Kurtz, 1826-1900
People - Notable Kansans - Lum, Samuel Y., 1821-1895
People - Women
Places - Cities and towns - Topeka
Places - Counties - Shawnee
Places - Other States - Missouri
Places - Other States - Pennsylvania - Meadville
Thematic Time Period - Bleeding Kansas, 1854-1861
Thematic Time Period - Immigration and Settlement, 1854 - 1890
Type of Material - Unpublished documents - Letters


text:
Italian rider Sella admits doping in meeting with officials
Updated: August 8, 2008, 10:55 AM ETAssociated Press
ROME -- Italian cyclist Emanuele Sella admitted on Friday while meeting with doping prosecutors that he took banned substances.
Sella, the top climber at the Giro d'Italia this year, tested positive last month for the blood-booster EPO following an out-of-competion test ordered by the International Cycling Union.
Sella "confessed to having had access to a banned drug and he explained the context in which he received the substance," his lawyer Eriberto Rosso said in a statement ...
Read full story
You must be signed in to post a comment
You are fully responsible for the content you post. Content that includes profanity, personal attacks or antisocial behavior (such as "spamming" or "trolling"), or other inappropriate content or material will be removed. We reserve the right to block any user who violates our terms of use, including removing all content posted by that user.


text:
Quick Links
The Smell of Bread
You may have noticed when walking by the eighth-grade hall, the smell of bread. Well you were right! Mr. Kendrick's classes had a great time using ratios to make bread. He explained that if you make more than one batch at a time you would need to double or triple the ingredients. It takes 48 minutes for a batch to cook. Seventh grader, Matthew Straub, states, "It was really good!" Mr. Kendrick said, "I wasn't sure if we could pull it off where everyone could make bread, but they did an excellent job!" So, the next time you bake anything, like bread, be sure to use your math skills.
Elm Grove Welcomes Baby Bothel
We're glad to see that Mrs. Bothel is healthy and so is her baby. While she came to visit Elm Grove, we got a chance to talk to her about her new life. Mrs. Bothel says that being a parent is rewarding and it's the b... Continue
The Faces of Elm Grove
Band Concert


text:
About the Author
Josie Wells N.D. is a graduate of the Naturopathic College in Solingen, Germany, the birthplace of homeopathy. After extensive travel to the east and the west, she established her private practice in Homeopathy. Since 1983 she has been consulting and lecturing in Germany and San Diego, California to laypeople as well as professionals at various colleges and community education foundations.


text:
TV3 report that the Catalans, as well as Manchester United, were interested in the French defender, who starred for Real Madrid last season.
Varane has a 30 million buyout clause in his contract with Real Madrid.
More about...
What is your opinion? Feel free to discuss the article under. You have to comment by using your Facebook profile. Be fair and have respect for other people and opinions!
Who of Europe's top strikers will move to England this summer?
After a dreadful start to their Bundesliga campaign, Borussia Dortmund appear to have weathered the storm after going five matches without defeat.


text:
Mike Trout entered the All-Star break in style.
The Los Angeles outfielder had eight hits and nine RBIs as the surging Angels swept a four-game series at Texas. Trout is now hitting .310 with 22 home runs, 73 RBIs and 10 steals, and the Angels have won 19 of 23.