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The Ocean Basins
Their Structure and Evolution
- Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
For students of oceanography, geophysics, marine biology, geochemistry and sedimentology.
Book information
- Published: December 1988
- Imprint: PERGAMON
An excellent book. Superb diagrams. Beautifully illustrating key facts about the oceans and their development.
Dr R Thompson University of Edinburgh, 22 February 1989
I found the text extremely useful, clear and straight forward.A valuable introductory text which I will certainly recommend to students on my courses.
Dr Devoy University College Cork, 1989
Clearly provides a stimulating introduction for students proposing to specialize in oceanography.
Australian Mineral Foundation, July 1989
Overall, as an introductory text this book is excellent - well written, concise, pretty comprehensive, logically structured, and beautiful illustrated. It is extremely up to date and covers many exciting recent discoveries (eg black smokers). It will be an almost essential purchase for all students of oceanography and for geologists and geophysicists alike: almost certainly, postgraduate students and even professionals will also find something of interest in it... In short: highly recommended.
Endeavour, May 1990
What makes the book so exceptional are the impressive diagrams and photos. These make it easy for the reader to understand the brief descriptions of complex relationships. Due to its exceptional didactic structure and impressive graphical presentation, the book offers a quick comprehension of the material studied... The book is an important additional source of information for introductory seminars on marine sciences.
Besprechungsbeleg, May 1990
Certainly a substantial improvement on the existing Open University texts. Excellent coverage - diagrams particularly strong - superb use of colour. Good format - best design of contents page I have seen, well indexed.
AJ Grind Rod London School of Economics, 13/7/90
...it is highly readable, well presented and informative.
Lionel Carter, Marine Geology, 1993
Table of Contents
Introduction. The shape of the ocean basins. The evolution of ocean basins. The structure and formation of the oceanic lithosphere. Hydrothermal circulation in the oceanic crust. Palaeoceanography and sea-level changes. The broader picture. Suggested further reading. Index.
100 illus. approx.


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In a major relief to the off-shore casino industry, the Goa government today extended the deadline for casino operators to relocate from river Mandovi, till March 31, 2016.
The former 24-hour casino, which opened in 1975, will likely be turned into a ballroom, he said in a phone interview.
"Suspected hawala operator Raychand Soni, one of the accused in the Louis Berger bribery case was also allegedly funding a few casinos in Goa."
Investor sentiment on Tuesday morning remained bullish for the short-term and analysts expect Hong Kong stocks to extend gains thanks in part to cheap valuations.
Goa government admitted that they are yet to conduct a study about impact on environment once the off-shore casino vessels are shifted.
France will act harshly on any wayward behaviour exposed by an inquiry into German carmaker Volkswagen, Energy Minister Segolene Royal said.
Australia must put allegations of rape and mistreatment at an immigration camp on the Pacific island of Nauru before a royal commission into child abuse.
Royal Enfield, the two-wheeler division of Eicher Motors today posted total sales of 40,760 units in July up by 49 per cent, year-on-year.

subset: commoncrawl


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Out Now: Labour History, no. 108 – May 2015
This issue sheds new light on the historical experiences and agency of Australasian workers and labour activists. In recent years, there has been an increasing number of articles dealing with party political aspects of labour history. While the current issue includes some excellent studies in this vein, it also offers a strong accent on another core dimension of labour history, namely studies of work, occupations and labour markets; on what might still be referred to as labour process history or, more simply, the history of work and employment. Click here for more information.
Other News
- Editorship of Labour History. The current editor of Labour History, John Shields, will be stepping down from the position in late 2015 after a five year term as chair of the journal's Sydney-based Editorial Working Party (EWP). The ASSLH Federal Executive, in consultation with the Editorial Board of Labour History, wishes to appoint a new editor or editorial team to the position by mid-2015 to allow for a smooth transition. The Federal Executive welcomes expressions of interest from applicants located in any Australian university or universities, to be received by Friday 1 May 2015. Click here for more information.
- Murder in Tottenham: Australia's First Political Assassination by Rowan Day. In 1916, the murder of a police constable in Tottenham NSW swiftly led to the trial and execution of local IWW members. Day's book on this highly politicised example of capital punishment in Australia will be launched 5:30pm, Friday 23 October 2015, Trades Hall, 4 Goulburn Street, Sydney. Click here for more information. RSVP to firstname.lastname@example.com.
- Bernadette Hyland, Northern ReSisters: Conversations with Radical Women. In the first part of this book, Bernadette speaks to nine women from Greater Manchester, Liverpool and Leeds who have been active in radical movements over the past forty years. Topics include trade unionism, Ireland, Women's Liberation, radical bookselling, anti-racism and the peace movement. The second part contains a number of Bernadette's previously-published articles, including an interview with Bernadette Devlin McAliskey, and a discussion with Cathy Crabb, Alice Nutter, Maxine Peake and Sally Wainwright about the "northern writer." Click here to find out more about the book and how to buy it.
- Fighting against War: Peace Activism in the Twentieth Century, 14th Biennial Labour History Conference, was held 11–13 February 2015, University of Melbourne. Throughout the Twentieth Century, labour movement activists have been in the forefront of challenges to war and militarism. This conference, hosted by the Melbourne Branch of ASSLH, sought to restore their role to our historical memory. A book of refereed conference proceedings was published to coincide with the conference. Click here for more information, including copies of some of the conference papers.
- The Australian-US Comparative and Transnational Labour History Conference, was held 8–9 January 2015, University of Sydney, Australia. Historians and other scholars have long recognized both similarities and differences in the labour experience in Australia and the United States. Both countries were built upon European expansion and settlement at the expense of native peoples. The Australian labour movement developed a vigorous Labour Party, while the US did not. Once robust, union membership in both countries has been in decline in recent years. Divisions based on gender, race and class have been significant in both countries. Movements in both countries exchanged ideas and individuals. While Australians have been interested in scientific management, and in the organizational strategies embodied in the Knights of Labour and the IWW, in the US the Australian experience with compulsory arbitration and labour politics has drawn significant attention. This conference brought together historians and scholars interested in exploring the comparative and transnational dimensions of the labour history of both Australia and the US. Click here for further details and here for a conference report posted on the Labor and Working Class History Association (LAWCHA) website.


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George Zimmerman Comes Out Of Hiding To Rescue Victim In Overturned Truck
This is God reaching down in his own way to shame the people attacking George Zimmerman and let him prove he's a good guy
George Zimmerman, who has been in hiding since he was acquitted of murder in the death of Trayvon Martin, emerged to help rescue someone who was trapped in an overturned truck, police said today.
Sanford Police Department Capt. Jim McAuliffe told ABC News that Zimmerman "pulled an individual from a truck that had rolled over" at the intersection of a Florida highway last week.
The crash occurred at the intersection of I-4 and route 417, police said. The crash site is less than a mile from where he shot Martin.
It's the first known sighting of Zimmerman since he left the courtroom following his acquittal last week on murder charges for the death of Martin. Zimmerman, 29, shot and killed Martin, 17, in Sanford, Fla., on Feb. 26, 2012. The jury determined that Zimmerman shot Martin in self-defense.
Here's the tweet of the day on this.
Car Rescues: Zimmerman 1, Kennedy 0
— jimgeraghty (@jimgeraghty) July 22, 2013
The man was already found innocent in a court of law. It's time for people to stop persecuting him.
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When liberals look at the poor, first and foremost, they see people who will vote for them in exchange for goodies. This gives liberals a perverse incentive to keep as...Read More
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Head Youtek Tour TV Introduced on YouTube
PHOENIX, AZ — HEAD has introduced a new video series on their HEAD Tennis YouTube Channel called HEAD YOUTEK Tour TV. The video series gives tennis fans the opportunity to learn more about HEAD's talented lineup of touring tennis players. Two-time French Open finalist, Robin Soderling, kicks off the first episode where he talks about his long term partnership with the HEAD brand and also his racquet of choice, the YOUTEK Radical MP.
HEAD's YOUTEK Tour TV Series is a great addition to the newly revamped HEAD Tennis YouTube Channel where fans can also watch HEAD's other successful viral videos including "Novak Djokovic vs. the Tennis Machine" and "Andy Murray Tennis Street Magic in London".
Tennis fans are encouraged to tune in every other week for a new episode of a behind-the-scenes interview from another popular HEAD Tennis Athlete.
TIMag.com news search
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Marvel and ESPN Films premiering short film series on athletes tonight
Exotic Driving Experience at Walt Disney Speedway could close permanently
Update: Official word from Drive Petty representative is that the Exotic Driving Experience plans to reopen on May 1. They gave us this statement: "As of today, the plan is to resume EDE operations in Orlando. However, we are evaluating the situation during the ongoing FHP investigation." That sounds like…
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McFarland New Posters and Clip


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From Mario Batali's pancetta-wrapped asparagus to crispy asparagus tempura, here are delicious asparagus recipes.
Grilled Tofu with Asparagus and Nori Vinaigrette
More ∨
Lee Anne Wong plays with an array of Asian ingredients to create a wonderful marinade for extra-firm tofu or high-fiber tempeh (cakes made from fermented whole soy beans). Tempeh's nutty flavor and grainy texture make it an acquired taste, but Wong loves it here.


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Two new reports featured in The British Medical Journal point to air pollution as a potential threat to both mental and cardiovascular health. Specifically, higher exposure to fine particulate matter (from industrial sources such as automobile exhaust and power plant emissions) as well as gaseous emissions was linked to increased anxiety and stroke risk.
One report focused on data collected as part of a long-term study of more than 70,000 female nurses in the United States. From the information gathered, researchers were able to determine that the women who lived closer to major roads—and therefore higher levels of pollution—were more likely to experience increased anxiety symptoms such as fearfulness, worrying, and withdrawal. Additionally, symptoms were found to be strongest when exposure was more recent.
So, why the increased risk? Experts believe part of the reason may be because air pollution triggers an inflammation response in the body, which in turn causes the release of certain chemicals linked to psychological distress as well as changes in mood and behavior.
A second report focused on more than 100 different studies conducted worldwide. The goal was to determine whether or not a relationship exists between short-term air pollution and a higher number of stroke-related hospitalizations and fatalities. Indeed, populations exposed to higher levels of both fine particulate matter and gaseous pollutants (including carbon monoxide and sulphur dioxide) saw a significant rise in stroke rates—which rose exponentially as exposure levels increased.
The takeaway, say researchers involved in analyzing the data, is that we need to take steps to reduce exposure to air pollution and improve overall air quality, especially in highly populated areas where pollutants pose a serious risk to human health.


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PLUMgrid 4.0 Updates OpenStack Network Suite
Tunnel Heatmap capabilities aim to provide improved visualization for cloud based Software Defined Networking.
When corporate data is on the line, secure inter-cloud connectivity is a must. Read »
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Mirantis joins with Citrix, Metaswitch Networks and Overture Networks to help bring OPNFV to OpenStack deployments.
Hewlett Packard Enterprise CTO talks HP Networking, converged infrastructure, acquisitions and partnerships, and the competition.
Developers at the OpenDaylight Summit discuss their hopes and plans for the next release of open-source Software Defined Networking platform.
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Mark Shuttleworth, founder of Ubuntu Linux, explains what the "Fan" is all about.
As the Third Platform Era bears down on enterprise datacenters, learn how to meet the networking demands of next-gen business technology.
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Rob Sherwood, CTO of Big Switch Networks, explains where Open Network Linux fits in his company's SDN efforts.


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YIELD: Makes about 32 ladyfingers
ACTIVE TIME: 25 min
TOTAL TIME: 1 hr
- 5 large eggs, separated, at room temperature 30 minutes
- 2/3 cup sugar, divided
- 7/8 cup all-purpose flour
- Confectioners sugar for dusting
- Equipment: a pastry bag with 3/4-inch
Preheat oven to 350°F with rack in middle.
Beat yolks with an electric mixer at medium speed until pale yellow, then gradually beat in all but 1 1/2 tablespoons of sugar.
Beat at medium-high speed until pale yellow, tripled in volume, and thick enough to form a ribbon that takes 5 seconds to dissolve when beater is lifted, 5 to 7 minutes. Sprinkle flour over mixture and stir until just combined (batter will be very stiff).
Beat egg whites with cleaned beaters until they just hold soft peaks.
Add remaining 1 1/2 tablespoons sugar in a slow stream, then beat until whites hold stiff peaks.
Stir one third of whites into yolk mixture to lighten, then fold in remaining whites gently but thoroughly. Spoon batter into pastry bag.
Line a large baking sheet with parchment, piping a dab of batter under each corner to secure. Pipe 2 rows of (3 1/2-inch-long) ladyfingers (12 to 16 per row) onto sheet, piping them so they almost touch. Dust with confectioners sugar.
Bake until pale golden, dry, and soft but springy to the touch, 14 to 16 minutes. Cool completely on baking sheet.
Cooks note: Ladyfingers can be kept in an airtight container at room temperature 3 days or frozen 1 month.
my notes
Nutritional Info
- Calories217
- Carbohydrates38 g (13%)
- Fat4 g (6%)
- Protein7 g (14%)
- Saturated Fat1 g (7%)
- Sodium60 mg (2%)
- Polyunsaturated Fat1 g
- Fiber0 g (2%)
- Monounsaturated Fat2 g
- Cholesterol155 mg (52%)


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Red Roof Inn Sioux Falls
No prices found through our partners. Please contact the business directly or check some of our recommended alternatives.
How has this hotel rated in the past?
- Suites
- Continental Breakfast
- Free High-Speed Internet
- Wheelchair accessibility
- Fitness/Health center
- Free parking
TripAdvisor Reviews Red Roof Inn Sioux Falls
Travel Blogs from Sioux Falls
Rainy day in
We decided to hunker down in Sioux falls and wait out the storm...plus we both needed a break from driving. So we stayed in an enjoyed a rainy day. We slept late, ate some grilled cheese and soup and when the weather cleared we went down the street to the casino...I of course lost all my money but jake came out a winner giving us a couple more hundreds then we went in with. All in all it was a relaxing chill day....just what we ...
Day 4: Sioux Falls
... for it in Wisconsin...by getting bratwurst and cheese! On a whim, I exited the highway and checked out this place called Ehlenbach's Cheese Chalet, a quaint little cheese shop with a huge selection of award-winning cheeses and various odds and ends. I got a pack of bratwurst and a quarter-pound of their horseradish-chive havarti, which I enjoyed thoroughly with Bell's Oberon wheat ale when I got to the hotel tonight.
Once I hit ...
Our Time in Sioux Falls, SD
... falls and it's even more beautiful at night. We also became residents of Sioux Falls on 7/2 - turned in our CT license, had to take an eye examine and pay $20.00 for a 5 year license. I almost fell over when they told us it was only $20 --- I think CT is like $90.
On 7/3 - we didn't do much of anything today. Kind of relaxed, did some laundry and Bruce did some little things on the RV. It's a pretty quiet ...
From Albert Lea to Sioux Falls
... city in the United States and the fastest growing metro area in South Dakota, with a total increase of 22% since 2000 As of the 2010 census, Sioux Falls had a population of 153,888. The metropolitan population of 228,261 accounts for 28% of South Dakota's population. Chartered in 1856 on the banks of the Big Sioux River, the city is situated on the prairie of the Great Plains at the junction of Interstate 90 and Interstate ...
A long travel day
... before, but just wanted an inexpensive place to sleep. The room had a strange smell that we were not sure if the previous hotel guest had a cat or if it was Jared or Dawson's stinky feet or if it was just a stale smelling hotel room. At any rate we tried to get to sleep so we could wake up early and get back on the road again.
Enjoying the waterfalls at Sioux Falls ...


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Looda18 18-21, F 4 Answers 2 May 31, 2012
lay yur head on the desk/table.........fall asleep.......don't worry.......the midnight janitor will wake you up
Best Answer
Best Answer
Ninja can stop the school if you want you know....
Best Answer
ninja will stop it for just few hours you to sleep..then let it continue..
Best Answer
oh no..sorry..Ninja on holiday :P..
Best Answer
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PGA Tour
INCHEON, South Korea (AP) – Jordan Spieth and Dustin Johnson battled at Chambers Bay in the U.S. Open. They will be partners in South Korea at the Presidents Cup. U.S.
PALM HARBOR, Fla. -- Kevin Streelman figured a good round Saturday would at least get him in the mix at the Tampa Bay Championship. It wound up giving him a share of the lead.
16 Mar 2013 - 6:15pm - 0 Comments
PALM HARBOR, Fla. -- Adam Scott had a breakthrough with his short game this winter, and it's so good now that he hardly even has to use it.
15 Mar 2013 - 7:51pm - 0 Comments
PALM HARBOR, Fla. -- John Daly at least was proud of a beautiful pitch from 30 yards to a foot of the cup. It allowed him to limit the damage to a 10.
15 Mar 2013 - 6:46pm - 1 Comments
PALM HARBOR, Fla. -- Shawn Stefani is the latest PGA Tour rookie to look comfortable on a big stage. It just took him a little longer to get there.
14 Mar 2013 - 8:03pm - 0 Comments
PALM HARBOR, Fla. -- Jim Furyk lost in a playoff a year ago at the Tampa Bay Championship and had no reason to feel as though he threw one away. Luke Donald simply beat him and two others with a 7-iron out of the rough to 6 feet for birdie on the first extra hole.
13 Mar 2013 - 6:15pm - 0 Comments
PALM HARBOR, Fla. – With his two-shot win at the WGC-Cadillac Championship, Tiger Woods now has won 40 times – or 53 percent of his PGA Tour wins – on seven courses. Exactly what that means is a matter of interpretation.
12 Mar 2013 - 8:57pm - 0 Comments
PALM HARBOR, Fla. – Zach Johnson will lose a distinction in May when he plays the Ballantine's Championship in South Korea.
12 Mar 2013 - 8:49pm - 0 Comments
PALM HARBOR, Fla. -- Steve Stricker is in semi-retirement from the PGA Tour, though it sure doesn't feel that way to him. Consider the 48 hours since his runner-up finish at Doral.
12 Mar 2013 - 6:52pm - 0 Comments
LONDON -- Ian Poulter has achieved much in his career, but the Englishman won't be satisfied until he has a major to his name.
12 Mar 2013 - 6:18pm - 0 Comments
MADISON, Miss. -- Mississippi's only PGA Tour event is safe for now. Sanderson Farms has agreed to be the title sponsor for the newly renamed Sanderson Farms Championship, which will be played at Annandale Golf Club on July 18-21.
12 Mar 2013 - 6:01pm - 0 Comments
DORAL, Fla. -- There is a fascination with numbers when it comes to Tiger Woods, a product of him winning so much over so many years.
11 Mar 2013 - 8:07pm - 0 Comments
DORAL, Fla. -- That red shirt is starting to look ruthless on Sunday again.
11 Mar 2013 - 2:03pm - 0 Comments
DORAL, Fla. -- Tiger Woods is hitting his stride on a march to the Masters.
10 Mar 2013 - 7:13pm - 4 Comments
RIO GRANDE, Puerto Rico -- Scott Brown went from a one-shot deficit to a one-shot victory Sunday in the Puerto Rico Open when he made a 4-foot birdie putt on the par-5 18th hole to beat Fabian Gomez and capture his first PGA Tour title.
10 Mar 2013 - 6:23pm - 0 Comments
RIO GRANDE, Puerto Rico -- Fabian Gomez of Argentina ran off six birdies on the front nine Saturday that sent him to a 7-under 65 that gave him a share of the lead with Scott Brown going into the final round of the Puerto Rico Open.
9 Mar 2013 - 6:39pm - 1 Comments
DORAL, Fla. -- With one last birdie putt that never looked like it was going anywhere but in the hole, Tiger Woods walked off the Blue Monster in a familiar position.
9 Mar 2013 - 6:20pm - 3 Comments
DORAL, Fla. -- Rory McIlroy was willing to celebrate even the smallest of victories Friday in the WGC-Cadillac Championship. He finally broke par.
8 Mar 2013 - 8:27pm - 0 Comments
DORAL, Fla. -- Tiger Woods set a personal-best with 17 birdies over two rounds on the Blue Monster. What mattered more to him was a two-shot lead going into the weekend at the WGC-Cadillac Championship.
8 Mar 2013 - 6:00pm - 0 Comments
RIO GRANDE, Puerto Rico -- Andres Romero shot his second straight 7-under 65 on Friday to take a one-stroke lead in the PGA Tour's Puerto Rico Open.
8 Mar 2013 - 5:37pm - 0 Comments
Home » PGA Tour


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Tourettes support group in San Antonio, Texas
Hi everyone my name is Allison Salazar and we have a 12 yr. old son named Victor who has Tourettes Syndrome . He also has all the other disorders that come along with it. We...
Started by Allison on 07/16/2009 in Moms Of Kids With Tourettes
Last update on 03/01/2014 by Claudia


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|Notre Guide
|Votre Opinion
|Bulletin DInformations
|Recommandez cette page
|Avis légal
|Site Map
Hotel Style
Traditionnel, rustique
Contemporain, design
Lieu de séjour, lieu de vacances
Hotel Category
Grand luxe
Luxe décontracté
Chic, de charme
Hotel Roma, Marches
|Lungomare De Gasperi, 60, 63066, Grottammare, Ascoli Piceno, Marches, ITALIE.
Description: Hotel RomaEnjoying a prime location on the seafront at Grottamare, Hotel Roma is set in a new-build design construction. This charming family-owned and run boutique hotel offers comfortable accommodation in a friendly seaside atmosphere.
Ideal for relaxing holidays in this popular resort on the Palm Riviera of the Adriatic coast, Hotel Roma is just a few steps across the promenade from its own private beach area, with bathing huts, loungers and umbrellas. The hotel also has a large shaded garden, with fig and elder trees. Grottamare has a delightful eight kilometre-long bicycle lane that crosses the town, and the hotel provides bicycles for guests, free of charge. For visitors wishing to explore further afield, the port of Ancona, with its ferry links to the Greek islands, cathedral and the Arch of Trajan, is less than an hour's drive away, while the provincial capital, Ascoli Piceno, is also within easy reach.
Hotel Roma's restaurant offers delicious menus based on local cuisine and Italian favourites. The breakfast buffet features a huge variety of typical home-made cakes and biscuits, organic and healthy fair-trade products. Special diets are catered for, and the chef creates tasty, varied meals for younger guests. There is also a baby feeding corner available 24 hours a day. On the beach, the Baiablanca lounge restaurant specialises in freshly caught fish and seafood.
Description des chambres: Hotel RomaDouble or Twin Room with Balcony and Sea View:
Double or Twin design room decorated in white and pastel shades. Offering air-conditioning, it features a sea-view balcony, an LCD satellite TV and free Wi-Fi. Room size 17 sq m.
Triple Room with Balcony and Sea View:
A charming design room decorated in white and pastel shades. Offering air-conditioning, it features a sea-view balcony, an LCD satellite TV and free Wi-Fi. One large double bed and one single bed or three single beds.
Room size 19 sq m.
Quadruple Room with Balcony and Sea View:
A spacious, airy room decorated in white and pastel shades. Offering air conditioning, it features a sea-view balcony, an LCD satellite TV and free Wi-Fi. One large double bed and two single beds.
Room size 23 sq m.
All rooms feature: air-conditioning, flat-screen TV with satellite channels, telephone, safe, desk, heating, hardwood/parquet floors, wardrobe/closet, fully equipped en-suite bathroom with hair dryer, slippers and complimentary toiletries.
Précisions et informations supplementaires: Hotel Roma
Pets are allowed on request.
Informations basiques:
Nombre de chambres: 59
Catégorie officielle: 3 stars superior.Zone fumeurs: Under Italian law, smoking is not permitted in public indoor spaces.
Cartes de crédit acceptées: American Express, Visa, Euro/Mastercard,Maestro, CartaSi.
Coordonnées GPS: 42° 58' 57.86'' N 13° 52' 25.82'' E
Aèroport plus prochain: Abruzzo Airport - 79,5 km.
Installations et services:
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text: Home Gallery Video Google King Arthur Flour Google: King Arthur Flour The power of the web. Published on Nov 29, 2011 Editor's Pick Good's agency arm Good/Corps has officially partnered with Google for a series of television spots that promote small businesses. The campaign, which began with Good's presentation to Google about the two organizations' shared vision regarding social value, currently has two spots. The first one, Frank Restaurant, about a mom-and-pop establishment, debuted earlier in the fall. The second, King Arthur Flour, is about a centuries-old startup that gained a new lease of life with its partnership with Google. The aim of the campaign is to connect Google, an economic powerhouse in its own right, with small businesses with a huge history, like King Arthur Flour, and how these businesses have reinvigorated themselves with the help of Google. Rate this Ad You must be registered to rate the ad. Please Login or Register Now About CreditsDateNov 29, 2011Agency:GOOD/CORPS Client:Google CategoryTVC Latest Creativity News on Ad Age Droga5 Names David Kolbusz Chief Creative Officer of London Office Saatchi's Moore Smith Joins Aero Film, Joinery Signs Grossman and More Wieden & Kennedy New York's Jaime Robinson and David Kolbusz Depart Advertisement Ad Age Creativity Video Creativity Top 5 Learn more Related work Google: Poetrics Google: Google Translate vs. 'La Bamba' Google: Impact Challenge - Disabilities Installation 72andSunny Want to see your work in our gallery? Submit now


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Re: Ascher and the BeeMonitoring List
Expand Messages
- Sam:Of course, this "conflict of interests" points to more than mere descriptions of message board forums.As I told John, I am a "beemonitor" who lives in Baltimore City. And, as you well know, it is impossible to discuss bees without discussing flowers. And, in the urban environment context it is impossible to discuss flowers without confronting "non-native" plant species.Therefore what John characterized as my "too numerous posts" to the forum involve exploring the topic of the relationship between bees and non-native flowers in the urban ecosystem.And, I went on to argue that [a]ny discussion of the ecology of the city, and the ecology of bees in the city, will necessarily include socio-political discussion. It is unavoidable.As an amateur urban naturalist I am particularly interested in the whole notion of introduced species which is why I mentioned it on the message board. But let's not let any disagreement on that topic overshadow what we do agree on -- our love of bees.To me, bee monitoring is inherently socio-political because it is part environmental advocacy and part citizen science. And to truly make any sense of bees in the urban context requires exploration and examination from every angel and of every subject or topic.If you intend to bring involve the public in beemonitoring activities then I can assure you can expect that there will be as many different perspectives to accomodate as there are goals and objectives to consider.I posted my bee survey photos to the yahoo group to [a] establish the legitimicy of my interest in the subject, and [b] to illustrate the importance of non-native flowers to my local native bee fauna by showing the specimen in situ with its pollen source.As a simple analysis I reviewed each specimen in my bee gallery and tallied each occurance of a non-native/native flowers. Of those with bee on flower 23 are introduced species (11 garden specimens and 12 weeds), while only 9 are "native".As with the Ptilothrix-Rose Of Sharon relationship, these numbers suggests that the my local bee fauna depend in large measure on the the presence of the non-native flora for their continued existence in this area.Which brings me to some criticisms of your decision to exclusively use pitfall traps in your upcoming bee monitoring project:1. Pitfall traps cannot tell you anything about which plants the collected bees depend on. (This limits collecting data that would help establish how important introduced plant species are to bees in other areas.)2. Photodocumentation and pan traps each have limitations and opportunities which if brought together will ensure accurate depictions of local bee fauna.3. According to James Cane, "samples from guilds typically contain fewer instances of difficult congenerics that need to be distinguished, as well as more cases in which a genus is represented by a single species in a given guild."4. Further along he adds, "Pan traps ... preferentially catch small-bodied bees, especially sweat bees, and miss many bee taxa altogether (J. H. Cane, unpublished manuscript; T. L. Griswold, unpublished manuscript )."What do you think?Warmly, Thomas of Baltimore City(Source: James Cane research - http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol5/iss1/art3/#Theprimacyoftaxonomyandidentification ).On Bugguide you ID'd one of my specimens -- Ptilothrix bombiformis:I observed the specimen in the park near my house. The area is a former trash dump. Sam Droege mentioned this species is a Hibiscus specialist so it is likely that this species is using the introduced Rose-of-Sharon which I have observed growing nearby.As I have not recorded any native hibiscus in the area, the continued presence of my local population is dependent in large part on the Rose-Of-Sharon.
On 12/27/06, Sam Droege <sdroege@...> wrote:
Ah, I will have to look at what I wrote!
"Thomas of Baltimore" <photosbythom@... >
12/27/2006 12:31 PMTo
"Sam Droege" <sdroege@...>ccSubject Re: Ascher and the BeeMonitoring List
Yes, John and I are cool again. I've learned that it is best to provide data when speaking to scientists so my bee gallery was just the medicine needed.
Not to split hairs here but the "Beemonitoring" yahoo group description suggests that the group is interesred in more than you are suggesting here. Perhaps a revision is called for.
On 12/27/06, Sam Droege < sdroege@... > wrote:
Hi Thom:
John is a good guy, but can be so direct as to be impolitic, but it sounds like you guys are working that out. John does have a point, however, which is that in general it is better to take conversations with specific people about specific topics off the listserve and email their personal accounts. The bee monitoring list is largely specific to issues of surveys and is very low volume most of the time. The entomology list entomol-l is a better place for general questions and has a much bigger audience to boot.
Sam Droege Sam_Droege@...
w 301-497-5840 h 301-390-7759 fax 301-497-5624
USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center
BARC-EAST, BLDG 308, RM 124 10300 Balt. Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705
There was a man who loved bees.
He always was their friend.
He used to sit upon their hive.
But they stung him, in the end.
- Nick Wallingford
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Johnson: Future key for black men
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'Game of Thrones' Book Proposal Shows How Much the Series Changed — for the Better
British bookstore chain Waterstones posted and hastily deleted George R.R. Martin's book proposal for A Game of Thrones yesterday, as sent to publisher HarperCollins in 1993. Of course the proposal is now available in perpetuity on the Internet, and the hard copy is reportedly on display at HarperCollins' new London offices. The document has already attracted notice for how dramatically it departs from the final product as published so far; the book series supposedly still has two volumes to go, and Game of Thrones is still going strong on HBO. It's also remarkable for how much of an improvement the changes are over Martin's original vision for the series.
[Book and show spoilers unsurprisingly follow.]
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Page 1
Preprint typeset using LATEX style emulateapj v. 5/2/11
Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
Max-Planck-Institut f¨ ur Gravitationsphysik, Albert Einstein Institut, Potsdam, Germany
Max-Planck-Institut f¨ ur Gravitationsphysik, Albert Einstein Institut, Potsdam, Germany and
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
We derive an analytic phenomenological expression that predicts the final mass of the black-hole remnant
resulting from the merger of a generic binary system of black holes on quasi-circular orbits. Besides recovering
the correct test-particle limit for extreme mass-ratio binaries, our formula reproduces well the results of all the
numerical-relativity simulations published so far, both when applied at separations of a few gravitational radii,
and when applied at separations of tens of thousands of gravitational radii. These validations make our formula
a useful tool in a variety of contexts ranging from gravitational-wave physics to cosmology. As representative
examples, we first illustrate how it can be used to decrease the phase error of the effective-one-body waveforms
during the ringdown phase. Second, we show that, when combined with the recently computed self-force
correction to the binding energy of nonspinning black-hole binaries, it provides an estimate of the energy
emitted during the merger and ringdown. Finally, we use it to calculate the energy radiated in gravitational
waves by massive black-hole binaries as a function of redshift, using different models for the seeds of the
black-hole population.
Subject headings: black-hole physics — relativity — gravitational waves — galaxies
mergers Black-hole
gravitational-wave (GW) astrophysics, because they are
expected to be among the main sources for existing and
future detectors. More specifically, the LIGO/Virgo detec-
tors (Abbott et al. 2009; Acernese et al. 2008) are expected
to detect mergers of stellar-mass BHs happening within
several hundred Mpc, when operating in their advanced
configurations. Similarly, future space-based detectors such
as LISA (Amaro-Seoane et al. 2012) or DECIGO (Kawamura
et al. 2011) will detect mergers of massive BHs (MBHs) up
to redshifts as high as z ∼ 10 or beyond. Even intermediate-
mass BHs (IMBHs), provided they exist, will be within reach
of GW detectors, e.g. IMBH-MBH binaries will be detectable
by LISA or DECIGO, while IMBH-IMBH binaries will be
detectable with DECIGO or with the planned ground-based
Einstein Telescope (Punturo et al. 2012; Sathyaprakash et al.
Given their relevance for GW astrophysics, it is not sur-
prising that BH binaries have received widespread attention
over the past few years. Because a detailed understanding
of the dynamics of these systems is crucial in order to pre-
dict accurately the gravitational waveforms, which, in turn,
is necessary to detect the signal and extract information on
the physical parameters of the binaries, numerical simulations
have been performed by a number of groups for a variety of
massratios, BHspinmagnitudesandorientations[seePfeiffer
(2012) for a recent review].
However, even today, numerical-relativity simulations are
computationally very expensive and not able to cover the full
(BH) playa centralrole in
1CITA National Fellow
seven-dimensional space of parameters of quasi-circular BH
binaries. Fortunately, phenomenological models have been
very successful at reproducing many aspects of the dynamics
of BH binaries as revealed by the numerical simulations. For
instance, hybrid "phenomenological waveforms" (Ajith et al.
2008; Santamar´ ıa et al. 2010), i.e., templates that represent
phenomenological combinations of Post-Newtonian (PN) and
numerical-relativity (NR) waveforms, can reproduce with
high precision the NR waveforms for a wide range of binary
parameters. Similar results are achieved by the effective-one-
body (EOB) model, which attempts to reproduce not only the
gravitational waveforms, but also the full dynamics of BH bi-
naries during the inspiral, merger and ringdown phases, by
resumming the PN dynamics (Buonanno & Damour 1999;
Damour et al. 2009), and more recently the self-force dynam-
ics (Barausse et al. 2012).
Other aspects of the dynamics of BH binaries have been
phenomenologically understood by using combinations of
PN theory, symmetry arguments, as well as hints from the
test-particle limit and fits to numerical simulations. For in-
stance, the final spin magnitude of the BH remnant can be
predicted by a number of phenomenological formulas (Rez-
zolla et al. 2008a,b; Tichy & Marronetti 2008; Buonanno et
al. 2008; Kesden 2008; Rezzolla et al. 2008c; Barausse &
Rezzolla 2009), starting from the configuration of the binary
either at small separations r ? 10M, or at large separa-
tions2r ∼ 104M. These formulas also predict the orientation
2For MBHs, the latter are roughly the separations at which the dynamics
starts being dominated by GW emission, and represent therefore the separa-
tions at which these phenomenological formulas should work in order to be
useful in cosmological contexts.
arXiv:1206.3803v2 [gr-qc] 5 Sep 2012
Page 2
2 Barausse, Morozova and Rezzolla
of the final spin with good accuracy when applied to small-
separation binaries, while the formula of Barausse & Rezzolla
(2009) is also accurate when the binary has a large separation,
e.g. r ∼ 104M, in a large portion of the parameter space (Ba-
rausse & Rezzolla 2009; Kesden et al. 2010). Similar phe-
nomenological formulas have also been proposed for the re-
coil imparted to the final BH remnant from the anisotropic
emission of GWs (Herrmann et al. 2007b; Koppitz et al. 2007;
Rezzolla et al. 2008b; Campanelli et al. 2007a; Gonzalez et
al. 2007; Campanelli et al. 2007b; Lousto & Zlochower 2009,
2011; Baker et al. 2007, 2008a; van Meter et al. 2010). Be-
cause most of the anisotropic GW emission takes place as a
result of the strongly nonlinear merger dynamics, these recoil
formulas are not predictive, as they depend on quantities that
can only be derived with full NR simulations, but they are still
useful in the statistical studies usually performed in a cosmo-
logical context (Barausse 2012; Lousto et al. 2010b, 2012).
The dependence of the final mass of the BH remnant on
the binary's initial parameters has also been investigated sys-
tematically in the literature (Tichy & Marronetti 2008; Boyle
& Kesden 2008; Reisswig et al. 2009; Kesden 2008; Lousto
et al. 2010a)3, but the knowledge of this dependence is far
less detailed. For instance, the formula of Tichy & Marronetti
(2008) [who built upon previous work by Boyle & Kesden
(2008)] is calibrated to reproduce NR results for comparable-
mass binaries, but does not have the correct test-particle limit
and is therefore inaccurate for binaries with small mass ratios.
Theformulaof Kesden(2008), on thecontrary, has thecorrect
test-particle limit, but does not reproduce accurately the NR
results for comparable-mass binaries. Finally, the formula of
Lousto et al. (2010a) depends, for generic binary configura-
tions, on quantities that can only be calculated using full NR
simulations, and is therefore only useful in statistical studies.
We here introduce a new phenomenological formula for the
final mass of the BH remnant (Section 2), which, by construc-
tion, reproduces both the test-particle limit and the regime of
binaries with comparable masses and aligned or antialigned
spins, which has been extensively investigated by NR calcu-
lations. In Section 3 we show that this novel formula repro-
duces accurately all of the available NR data (even for generic
spinorientationsandmassratios), bothwhenappliedtosmall-
and large-separation binary configurations. Furthermore, in
Section 4, we consider three different areas where our for-
mula can be useful: (i) we show that it can help reduce the
phase error of the EOB waveforms during the ringdown; (ii)
we combine it with the results of Le Tiec et al. (2012) for the
self-force correction to the binding energy of nonspinning BH
binaries and derive an estimate for the energy emitted during
the merger and ringdown by nonspinning binaries; (iii) us-
ing a semi-analytical galaxy-formation model to follow the
coevolution of MBHs and their host galaxies, we use our for-
mula to predict the energy emitted in GWs by MBH binaries
as a function of redshift, and show that these predictions are
strongly dependent on the model for the seeds of the MBH
population at high redshifts. Our final conclusions are drawn
in Section 5.
Throughout this paper, geometrized units G = c = 1 are
3An initial expression for the radiated energy was also suggested by Buo-
nanno et al. (2007a), but was restricted to nonspinning binaries and based on
early NR calculations.
When deriving a simple algebraic formula that expresses,
with a given precision, the mass/energy radiated by a binary
system of BHs, two regimes are particularly well-understood.
On the analytic side, in fact, the test-particle limit yields pre-
dictions that are well-known and simple to derive. On the
numerical side, the simulations of binaries with equal-masses
and spins aligned or antialigned with the orbital angular mo-
mentum are comparatively simpler to study, and have been
explored extensively over the last few years. Hence, it is nat-
ural that any attempt to derive an improved expression for the
radiated energy should try and match both of these regimes.
This is indeed what our formula will be built to do.
Let us therefore start by considering the test-particle limit
and, in particular, a Kerr spacetime with mass m1and spin pa-
rameter a ≡ S1/m2
m2on a equatorial circular orbit with radius r ? m14. To
first approximation (i.e., for mass ratios q ≡ m2/m1? 1),
the particle will inspiral towards the BH under the effect of
GW emission, moving slowly ("adiabatically") through a se-
quence of equatorial circular orbits (Kennefick & Ori 1996)
until it reaches the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO),
where it starts plunging, eventually crossing the horizon. The
energy Erademitted by the particle during the inspiral from
r ? m1to the moment it merges with the central BH can be
written as
3˜ req
˜ req
1, and a particle (or small BH) with mass
= [1 −˜Eeq
ISCO(a)]ν + o(ν),
ISCO(a) =
1 −
ISCO(a) = 3 + Z2− sign(a)
Z1= 1 + (1 − a2)1/3?
Here, M ≡ m1+ m2is the total mass, ν ≡ m1m2/M2is
the symmetric mass ratio,˜EISCOand ˜ rISCOare respectively
the energy per unit mass at the ISCO and the ISCO radius
in units of m1(Bardeen et al. 1972), while the remainder,
o(ν), contains the higher-order corrections to the radiated en-
ergy5. These corrections account, for instance, for the conser-
vative self-force effects, which affect the ISCO position and
energy (Barack & Sago 2009; Le Tiec et al. 2012), but also
for the deviations from adiabaticity, which arise because of
the finiteness of the mass m2and which blur the sharp transi-
tion between inspiral and plunge (Buonanno & Damour 2000;
Ori & Thorne 2000; Kesden 2011), and, more in general, for
the energy emitted during the plunge and merger (Berti et al.
2007; Buonanno et al. 2007a,b).
If the particle is initially on an inclined (i.e., non-equatorial)
circular orbit, GW emission will still cause it to adiabatically
inspiral through a sequence of circular orbits (Kennefick &
Ori 1996). Also, the inclination of these orbits relative to the
(1 + a)1/3+ (1 − a)1/3?
3a2+ Z2
4Without loss of generality, we can assume that the particle moves on a
prograde orbit (i.e. in the positive-φ direction), and let the spin of the Kerr
BH point up (a > 0) or down (a < 0).
5We here use the Landau symbol o, so that f = o(g) indicates that
f/g → 0 when g → 0. Similarly, we will also use the Landau symbol
O, where instead f = O(g) indicates that f/g → const when g → 0.
Page 3
On the mass radiated by coalescing black-hole binaries3
equatorial plane, which can be defined as (Hughes 2001)6
cos(ι) ≡
with Q and Lz being respectively the Carter constant and
the azimuthal angular momentum, will remain approximately
constant during the inspiral (Hughes 2001; Barausse et al.
2007). As in the equatorial case, the particle plunges when
it reaches the ISCO corresponding to its inclination ι. Un-
like in the equatorial case, though, the radius of the ISCO as a
function of a and ι can only be found numerically. An analyt-
ical expression, however, can be derived if one considers only
the spin-orbit coupling of the particle to the Kerr BH, i.e., if
one considers small spins a ? 1. In that case, in fact, one can
explicitly check [using, for instance, equations (4)–(5) of Ba-
rausse et al. (2007)] that the ISCO location and energy depend
only on the combination acos(ι), so that at O(a)2, the gen-
eralization of expressions (1)–(5) to inclined orbits is given
= [1 −˜EISCO(a,ι)]ν + o(ν),
˜ rISCO(a,ι) ≈ ˜ req
where ˜ req
equations (1)–(5) in the case of equatorial orbits (ι = 0) and
are therefore exact in that limit, with the exception of the
higher-order terms in ν.
As mentioned above, another case in which we know ac-
curately the total energy emitted in GWs is given by binaries
of BHs with equal masses and spins aligned or antialigned
with the orbital angular momentum. Reisswig et al. (2009),
for instance, showed that the energy emitted by these bina-
riesduringtheirinspiral(frominfiniteseparation), mergerand
ringdown can be well described by a polynomial fit
˜EISCO(a,ι) ≈
1 −
3˜ rISCO(a,ι),
ISCOis given by (3). Expressions (7)–(9) reduce to
= p0+ p1(a1+ a2) + p2(a1+ a2)2,
where a1and a2are the projections of the spin parameters
along the directionˆL of the orbital angular momentum (ai
is therefore respectively positive/negative when the spin is
aligned/antialigned withˆL), and where the fitting coefficients
were found to be (Reisswig et al. 2009) p0= 0.04826, p1=
0.01559 and p2= 0.00485, with uncertainties on the order of
∼ 5% (Reisswig et al. 2009). We recall that the coefficient
p0can be interpreted as the nonspinning orbital contribution
to the energy loss (which is the largest one and ∼ 50% of the
largest possible mass loss, which happens for a1= a2= 1),
p1 can instead be interpreted as the spin-orbit contribution
(which is ? 30% of the largest possible loss), while p2can be
associated to the spin-spin contribution (which is ? 20% of
the largest possible loss). Although the fit proposed by Reis-
swig et al. (2009) predicts a (shallow) minimum for the ra-
diated energy Eradat (a1+ a2)/2 ∼ −0.8, this minimum
is (very likely) just an artifact of the fit due to the scarce data
availableatthattime(Reisswigetal.2009). Havingnowmore
data to analyze, we can enforce the monotonicity of Eradas a
6As in the equatorial case, we can consider only prograde orbits (0 ≤ ι ≤
π/2) and allow a to be either positive or negative.
FIG. 1.— Top panel: Radiated energy, Erad/M, as a function of the to-
tal spin of the system along the orbital angular momentum, |a1|cosβ +
|a2|cosγ, for all published NR simulations with q
aligned/antialigned spins (in red) and for misaligned spins (in blue). Shown
instead with a black solid line is the prediction of expression (14) with the
coefficients fitted from aligned/antialigned binaries. Bottom panels: resid-
uals of the NR data from the fitting expression and the corresponding error
relative to Erad/M.
= 1, both with
function of a1+a2by assuming p2= p1/4, which constrains
the minimum of Eradto be at (a1+ a2)/2 = −1. Interest-
ingly, a fitting expression of the type
= p0+ p1(a1+ a2) +p1
4(a1+ a2)2,
provides an estimate of the radiated energy which is as accu-
rate as the one obtained with (10). Indeed, with fitting param-
p1= 0.01707±0.00032, (12)
this expression reproduces all of the available NR data7for
the energy emitted by equal-mass binaries with aligned or an-
tialigned spins, to within ∼ 0.005M (except for almost maxi-
mal spins, see below). Such an accuracy is comparable to the
typical accuracy of the data themselves, so we can conclude
that expressions (11)–(12) summarize our complete knowl-
edge of the GW emission from this class of binaries to date.
We note, however, that higher-order terms in the spins may
be needed in equation (11) to reproduce the data for nearly
extremal spins. In fact, the maximum value for the radiated
energy predicted by our fit, i.e., 9.95% of the total mass of
the binary at infinite separation when a1= a2= 1, is signif-
icantly less than the 10.95% found by Lovelace et al. (2012)
for a1 = a2 ≈ 0.97. Such a large value for Eradis some-
what off the general trend shown by the other NR data for
large aligned spins. However, it is clear that higher-order spin
p0= 0.04827±0.00039,
7The NR data considered is relative to the following references listed in
alphabetical order: Baker et al. (2008b); Berti et al. (2007, 2008); Campanelli
et al. (2006); Chu et al. (2009); Chu (2012); Hannam et al. (2008, 2010);
Kelly et al. (2011); Lovelace et al. (2011, 2012); Marronetti et al. (2008);
Pollney et al. (2007); Pollney & Reisswig (2011); Reisswig et al. (2009).
Page 4
4 Barausse, Morozova and Rezzolla
terms may have to be added if more numerical data for high-
spin configurations becomes available and confirm this result.
Using therefore the knowledge of the radiated en-
ergy from the test-particle limit and from the equal-mass
aligned/antialigned configurations, we derive an expression
valid for generic binaries. As a first step, let us note that the
PN binding energy of an equal-mass binary of spinning BHs
depends on the spins, at 1.5 PN order, i.e., at leading order in
the spins (Barker & O'Connell 1975), only through the com-
where |a1| and |a2| are the spin magnitudes, and β, γ are the
angles between the orbital angular momentum unit vectorˆL
and the spins of the first and second BH, respectively. We can
therefore attempt to extend expression (11) to generic equal-
mass binaries simply by replacing a1+ a2with |a1|cosβ +
|a2|cosγ, i.e.,
4(|a1|cosβ + |a2|cosγ)2.
As a check of this ansatz, in the top panel of Fig. 1 we have
plotted the radiated energy, Erad/M, as a function of the to-
tal spin along the orbital angular momentum, |a1|cosβ +
|a2|cosγ, for all published NR simulations with q = 1,
both with aligned/antialigned spins (in red; see footnote 7)
and with misaligned spins (in blue8). Also, we show with
a black solid line the prediction of expression (14) with the
coefficients fitted from aligned/antialigned binaries [equation
(12)]. In the bottom panels we show instead the residuals of
the NR data from the same curve and the corresponding errors
relative to Erad/M. Clearly, while future simulations that
are more accurate or describe more involved configurations
may present deviations from our simple ansatz, all published
simulations for equal-mass binaries are in reasonable agree-
ment with equation (14), with residuals of ? 1% and errors
of ? 10% relative to the radiated mass. Note that these errors
are comparable with the intrinsic scatter of the different NR
Because in the test-particle limit the angle β becomes the
angle between the spin S1of the Kerr BH and the orbital
angular momentum of the particle, thus coinciding with the
angle ι defined in (6), it is natural to rewrite equations (7)–(9)
where we have defined
=|a1|cosβ + |a2|cosγ
= p0+ p1(|a1|cosβ + |a2|cosγ)
= [1 −˜EISCO(˜ a)]ν + o(ν),
3˜ req
˜EISCO(˜ a) =1 −
ISCO(˜ a),
˜ a ≡
=|a1|cosβ + q2|a2|cosγ
(1 + q)2
If we now assume that the higher-order term o(ν) in equation
(15) is quadratic in ν, we can determine it by imposing that
8The NR data for equal-mass misaligned binaries are relative to the
following references listed in alphabetical order: Herrmann et al. (2007a);
Lousto et al. (2012); Tichy & Marronetti (2007, 2008).
we recover the equal-mass expression (14) for q = 1, thus
obtaining the final expression
=[1 −˜EISCO(˜ a)]ν
+ 4ν2[4p0+ 16p1˜ a(˜ a + 1) +˜EISCO(˜ a) − 1],
where˜EISCO(˜ a) is given by (16). By construction, there-
fore, expression (18) has the correct behavior both in the test-
particle limit and for equal-mass binaries. Also, we stress that
the fitting coefficients [given by (12)] are obtained using only
a subset of the NR data (i.e., those for equal-mass binaries
with aligned/antialigned spins).
In order to test the accuracy of expression (18), we used the
data of 186 numerical simulations of inspiralling and merg-
ing BH binaries9, which have reported the ratio Mf/M ≡
1 − Erad/M between the final mass of the BH remnant, Mf,
and the mass M = m1+ m2of the binary at infinite separa-
tion. In cases where this ratio was not reported explicitly, we
have reconstructed it from the energy radiated during the nu-
merical simulation using PN expressions. More specifically,
we calculate the radiated energy as
Erad= E
rad+ |E
where E
the orbital frequency Ω (Buonanno et al. 2003b), and Ω0is
the initial orbital frequency of the simulation (either reported
explicitly or, when unavailable, reconstructed from the ini-
tial puncture data). In addition, in those cases where the
simulation results are normalized in terms of the Arnowitt-
Deser-Misner mass MADM, we approximate it as MADM=
For each binary, we apply our expression (18) to the ini-
tial configuration of the numerical simulation (where the bi-
nary typically has a " small separation" r ? 10M). How-
ever, in order to check whether our expression predicts the
final mass correctly also for widely separated binaries, we
have also integrated the initial binary back to a "large sepa-
ration" r = 2 × 104M using the quasi-circular PN evolu-
tion equations of Buonanno et al. (2003b) (which are accu-
rate through 3.5PN order for the adiabatic evolution of the
orbital frequency, and through 2PN order for the dynamics of
the spins). For massive BHs, this is roughly the separation at
which the dynamics starts being dominated by GW emission,
and is therefore the separation at which our expression (18)
ought to work if we want it to be useful in cosmological con-
texts [cf. Barausse & Rezzolla (2009) and the discussion in
Barausse (2012)].
The results of these comparisons are summarized in Fig. 2,
which shows the difference between the data and our expres-
sion, both for small (left panel) and large separations (right
bind(Ω) is the 3PN binding energy as function of
9The data is relative to the following references listed in alphabetical or-
der Baker et al. (2008b); Berti et al. (2008, 2007); Buchman et al. (2012);
Campanelli et al. (2006, 2009); Chu et al. (2009); Chu (2012); Gonzalez et
al. (2009); Hannam et al. (2008, 2010); Herrmann et al. (2007a); Kelly et
al. (2011); Lousto & Zlochower (2009); Lousto et al. (2012); Lovelace et al.
(2011, 2012); Marronetti et al. (2008); Nakano et al. (2011); Pollney et al.
(2007); Pollney & Reisswig (2011); Reisswig et al. (2009); Tichy & Mar-
ronetti (2007, 2008).
Page 5
On the mass radiated by coalescing black-hole binaries5
FIG. 2.— Residuals for the fitting formula at small and large separations as a function of a dummy index representing the binaries in our dataset. Binaries
with spins aligned/antialigned with the orbital angular momentum are plotted in red, while binaries with misaligned spins are shown in blue. Cyan and violet
lines represent the 1σ and 2σ errors (estimated a posteriori) of the data with spins aligned/antialigned with the orbital angular momentum. The first 50 points
correspond to the simulations performed after 2010.
panel) as a function of a dummy index representing the or-
dering of the binaries in our dataset. As can be seen the re-
sults at small and large separations are almost indistinguish-
able. This does not come as a surprise, because the projection
of the total spin on the direction of the angular momentum
[equation (13)] is approximately conserved during the inspi-
ral, in most of the parameter space of quasi-circular binaries
(see discussion in Barausse & Rezzolla (2009) for more de-
tails). Binaries with spins aligned/antialigned with the orbital
angularmomentumareplottedinred, whilebinarieswithmis-
aligned spins are shown in blue. Also shown are cyan and vi-
olet lines representing the 1σ and 2σ errors of the data with
spins aligned/antialigned with the orbital angular momentum,
as obtained a posteriori by comparing them to the fit (11) (cf.
Fig. 1). Also, the first 50 points correspond to the simula-
tions performed after 2010, while others correspond to the
simulations performed in 2006-2009. Although the quality
of numerical simulations improved substantially in last few
years, the "old" data give residuals comparable to the "new"
ones. Furthermore, the residuals for the binaries with spins
aligned/antialigned with the orbital angular momentum ap-
pear to be comparable with those for the binaries with mis-
aligned spins.
We stress that while our expression is in reasonable agree-
ment with all the published data, both at large and small sep-
arations, there are still large gaps in the parameter space of
BH binaries that prevent us from testing our approach more
thoroughly. This is best seen in Fig. 3, where we plot the fi-
nal mass of the remnant for all the published data for binaries
with a1cosβ = a2cosγ (blue circles), as well as the predic-
initial data of the simulations (meshed surface). Clearly, spin-
ning binaries with unequal mass ratios are essentially absent,
and simulations for such binaries will provide a very signifi-
cant check of our expression (18). Nevertheless, the simple
functional dependence shown by the available data, whose
behaviour can be well captured with low-order polynomials
(with the possible exception, as we already stressed, of almost
maximally spinning configurations), is quite remarkable.
The graphical representation of the data in Fig. 3 also al-
lows to reinforce a remark already made by Reisswig et al.
(2009), namely, that the largest radiated energy, Erad(a =
1)/M = 9.95%, is lost by binaries with equal-mass and max-
imally spinning BHs with spins aligned with the orbital an-
gular momentum. Hence, BH binaries on quasi-circular or-
bits are among the most efficient sources of energy in the
Universe. Note, however, that equal-mass binaries are not
always the systems that lose the largest amount of energy.
Indeed, unequal-mass systems with sufficiently large spins
aligned with the angular momentum can lead to emissions
larger than those from equal-mass binaries but with large an-
tialigned spins. For instance, a binary with ν = 0.15 and
a1= a2= 1 will radiate more than a binary with ν = 0.25
and a1= −a2.
Notwithstanding the limited coverage of the parameter
space, we can note that our approach substantially improves
upon earlier formulas for the final mass. For instance, Tichy
& Marronetti (2008) [building on the work of Boyle & Kes-
den (2008)] suggested a formula linear in the symmetric mass
ratio ν, but the coefficients needed to fit NR results are such
that the test-particle limit (1)–(9) is not recovered. As men-
tioned earlier, because we recover the test-particle limit ex-
actly, our expression reproduces the published data more ac-
curately, especially for small mass-ratio configurations (cf.
the discussion on the effective-one-body model in the next
section). Another example is given by the formula of Lousto
et al. (2010a), which has the correct test-particle limit but de-
pends, for generic configurations, on parameters that describe
the binary's plunge and merger and which can only be cal-
culated with numerical simulations. Our algebraic formula,
instead, allows one to calculate the final mass with reasonable
accuracy, using only information on the initial binary config-


text:
Episode 43 — Creation for kids-Adam and the animals – Day 6
Every copy of Creation Magazine has an article for children about the origins issue and/or the Genesis account. In this episode Richard and Calvin review an article discussing day six of the creation week and show how important this message is for children to learn and understand so they can better understand the world around them.
Main articleFrom Creation magazine 29(1) Creation for kids-Adam and the animals – Day 6
- Creation for Kids
- Naming the animals: all in a day's work for Adam
- Fitting everything in on the 6th day
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text:
They're taking notes for their own state security agencies. When America sneezes ;the World catches a cold.How do we know we have an administration out of control?
When we have foreign press discussing the DOJ's decision to now prosecute reporters.
Barack Obama, our next President
There are 1293006 comments on the Hampton Roads Daily Press story from Nov 5, 2008, titled Barack Obama, our next President. In it, Hampton Roads Daily Press reports that:"The road ahead will be long. Our climb will be steep," Obama cautioned. Young and charismatic but with little experience on the national level, Obama smashed through racial barriers and easily defeated ...
Join the discussion below, or Read more at Hampton Roads Daily Press.
"Come Home America!"
Since: Nov 11
Claymont, Delaware 19809
#907842 May 20, 2013
#907843 May 20, 2013
The Obama administration has taken this all to entirely new level.
-The Obama admin has leaked classified memos for the sole purpose of discrediting a whistle blower
-The Obama admin through the DOJ used the power of their office to gather info about whistle blowers, congress men and journalist in order to leak to a Progressive site to discredit them.
-The Obama admin is attempting to make it criminal for journalist to report any classified information
This sounds like the gestapo and you are whining about what, skippy?
Since: Dec 08
gauley bridge wv
#907844 May 20, 2013
No. Exports are not consumed in this country so they are not taxed. Imports are consumed in this country so they are taxed.
#907845 May 20, 2013
Not a problem.
We can fix our own communities.
But please ask Christie and Bloomerberg to pay back the $85 billion.
#907846 May 20, 2013
Yep I used to think it's just chicago style politics,,more like Nazi.
#907847 May 20, 2013
You people never let a crisis go to waste.
God has a special place for you.
#907848 May 20, 2013
HUBRIS: The Bush Admin's Push To Silence Iraq War Whistleblowers
#907849 May 20, 2013
So what is Obama's solution for HIS DOJ going after whistle blowers and the press?
Does he tell the DOJ to back off? Heck no
They brag about it
"We have tried more leak casesbrought more leak cases during the course of this administration than any other administration, Holder said before the Senate Judiciary Committee last year.
Between 1917 and 1985, there was one successful federal leak prosecution. The Obama White House, by contrast, has pursued leaks with a surprising relentlessness, as Jane Mayer wrote in her masterful New Yorker piece about the prosecution of Thomas Drake."
The 2009 bill wouldn't do much to temper that relentless push.
On Wednesday, The New Republic's Molly Redden wrote that the administration's prosecutions has a real effect on journalists' ability to do their jobs.
[Prosecutions have] unnerved reporters,[Times reporter Scott Shane] and others said, but even more so their sources: national security officials. In fact, its hard to call a reporter on this beat who hasnt felt sources withdraw as the subpoenas and seizures have piled up.Officials are reluctant to get anywhere close to the line, Shane said.Take drones. The official position is that the government cannot confirm or deny the existence of a drone program in Pakistan. But the president has spoken several times, publicly, about the program. Is someone going to get into trouble for talking about it? Few want to test the limits.Sometimes theyll offer some black humor about it.So you want me to be the next person to go to prison? But it actually has been much harder to get people to talk about anything, even in a sensitive-but-unclassified area.
However, though the bill would do little to protect journalist from his own DOJ, Obama likes it because strangely it would shield him.
#907850 May 20, 2013
The Bush administration, seeking to limit leaks of classified information, has launched initiatives targeting journalists and their possible government sources. The efforts include several FBI probes, a polygraph investigation inside the CIA and a warning from the Justice Department that reporters could be prosecuted under espionage laws.
In recent weeks, dozens of employees at the CIA, the National Security Agency and other intelligence agencies have been interviewed by agents from the FBI's Washington field office, who are investigating possible leaks that led to reports about secret CIA prisons and the NSA's warrantless domestic surveillance program, according to law enforcement and intelligence officials familiar with the two cases.
Numerous employees at the CIA, FBI, Justice Department and other agencies also have received letters from Justice prohibiting them from discussing even unclassified issues related to the NSA program, according to sources familiar with the notices. Some GOP lawmakers are also considering whether to approve tougher penalties for leaking.
In a little-noticed case in California, FBI agents from Los Angeles have already contacted reporters at the Sacramento Bee about stories published in July that were based on sealed court documents related to a terrorism case in Lodi, according to the newspaper.
Some media watchers, lawyers and editors say that, taken together, the incidents represent perhaps the most extensive and overt campaign against leaks in a generation, and that they have worsened the already-tense relationship between mainstream news organizations and the White House.
"There's a tone of gleeful relish in the way they talk about dragging reporters before grand juries, their appetite for withholding information, and the hints that reporters who look too hard into the public's business risk being branded traitors," said New York Times Executive Editor Bill Keller, in a statement responding to questions from The Washington Post. "I don't know how far action will follow rhetoric, but some days it sounds like the administration is declaring war at home on the values it professes to be promoting abroad."
just because FOX ignored doesn't mean it didn't happen.
Since: Apr 13
#907851 May 20, 2013
How sad for the people in Moore, Oklahoma.
37 confirmed dead so far - most are children who were at school.
The worst tornado recorded in Oklahoma.
We should keep these people in our thoughts and prayers even as we discuss politics.
Since: Aug 11
Location hidden
#907852 May 20, 2013
another School Fatality where is the democrats, we need laws to ban Tornados.
Dozens killed as tornado tears through Oklahoma, leaving miles of debris
#907853 May 20, 2013
You are beyond help
"My Life Is A Shell Game"
Since: May 07
#907854 May 20, 2013
America is no longer that shinning city on a hill that once beckoned to the weary and downtrodden. It is becoming a dark city sunk into a dark valley and any light is to be found elsewhere.
The Boy Messiah symbolizes all that is wrong with America.
#907855 May 20, 2013
Chew on this Sonic your Obama and his DOJ has been ruthless
"We have tried more leak casesbrought more leak cases during the course of this administration than any other administration, Holder said before the Senate Judiciary Committee last year.
Between 1917 and 1985, there was one successful federal leak prosecution. The Obama White House, by contrast, has pursued leaks with a surprising relentlessness, as Jane Mayer wrote in her masterful New Yorker piece about the prosecution of Thomas Drake."
#907856 May 20, 2013
Charging foreigners less for an American-made product than you charge Americans seems like a flaw in your plan.
#907857 May 20, 2013
You are fool. The Obama DOJ is trying to prosecute journalist and you are whining about what?
Since: Apr 13
#907858 May 20, 2013
Unfortunately for you, the democrats and Obama hiked up the deficit even more than the fallout from the housing market collapse.
Everyone got to keep more of their own money before the bubble burst and the economy was doing quite well.
Now we all have less money and the economy is being kept afloat by the Feds printing money. Wait until January when Obamacare really kicks in and/or the Feds stop printing the money.
"My Life Is A Shell Game"
Since: May 07
#907859 May 20, 2013
If you can't successfully argue anything for the Magic Negro then a quick fallback position is always near at hand: Bush-Bashing.
Intellectual sloths like you are always good at shooting peas.
#907860 May 20, 2013
Laws to ban tornadoes?
#907861 May 20, 2013
The Obama administration has been ruthless in their pursuit and prosecution of whistle blowers.
We have tried more leak casesbrought more leak cases during the course of this administration than any other administration, Holder said before the Senate Judiciary Committee last year.
You are whining about what?
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text:
At Pips Comedy Club, Another Son Had an Impact
Published: November 2, 1997
To the Editor:
I enjoyed ''Take My Comedy Club, Please'' (Sept. 28), but the founder of Pips Comedy Club, George Schultz, had another son, Seth, who also managed the club and was nowhere to be mentioned in this article.
He used to emcee the shows at Pips and help Marty manage the club. Seth knew all the comics, from the headliners to the wannabes. As a former stand-up comic myself, I heard his encouraging voice at the end of the night saying, ''You're welcome to come back and try it again.''
After a night with the audience of Pips, words of encouragement were the most soothing sounds a comedian would hear.
Sheepshead Bay, Brooklyn


text:
The exhibition explores one's intimate fascination with the figure; the artists transform global viewpoints, incorporate or engage the audience on an emotional or imaginative level, and encourage collaborative discourse. Featuring artists Michelle Blades, Stephen Geddes, Carrie Pate, Justin Poole, Michelle Red Elk, David Wischer and Steve Ziegelmeyer.
This partnership of C-Link Gallery and DesignBuildCincy presents a unique exhibit featuring works form some of the area's best fine artists and craftsmen. Functional works made from wood, concrete, ...


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- SHA-1 hashing algorithm could succumb to $75K attack, researchers say
- Endpoint protection pitched as alternative for unpatchable EOL Windows systems
- AWS security and compliance tools embrace enterprise clouds
- Microsoft insists Outlook Web Access is secure after hacking reports
- Journalist convicted of helping Anonymous hack the LA Times
Bar Coding and RFID Enable Food Supply Chain Traceability and Safety
Momentum is growing to implement whole-chain traceability, which includes internal and external visibility, from the grower, through the distributor, to the retailer. This white paper examines how organisations can take advantage of bar code and radio frequency identification (RFID) technologies to improve safety, reduce operating expenses, meet compliance requirements, and improve efficiency.
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