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PJ Lifestyle
What Will High-Tech Warfare Look Like In Coming Decades?
From Andrew Metrick at warontherocks.com:
Revolutionary technologies, such as the machine gun, aircraft carrier, and stealth, are characterized by large increases in performance per unit cost – gains so great they shift established paradigms. Yet, their revolutionary characteristics are ultimately transitory. The hard truth is that stealth, the cornerstone of American airpower, has entered the evolutionary phase of its development. Evolutionary technologies, which revolutionary technologies eventually become, are characterized by small increases in performance per unit cost. (For more, see Michael Horowitz's The Diffusion of Military Power and Clayton Christensen's The Innovator's Dilemma). In fact, evolutionary technologies demonstrate diminishing returns along the investment curve. In the case of stealth, the initial generation of aircraft represented a massive performance increase over existing, non-stealth platforms. However, as the technology matured, continued investment began to see decreasing performance gains and therefore advantage per unit cost.
This declining return on investment is accelerated by the emergence of anti-access/area-denial (A2/AD) networks creating lethal, sensor-fused operating environments that dramatically raise the threat faced by aircraft.
There's an age-old technological battle between thicker armor and more powerful weapons to defeat it — and eventually the more powerful weapons always get the upper hand. Think of European knights of the Middle Ages. Armor kept getting thicker and more cumbersome, until the knights could barely move or effectively wield their increasingly massive swords. They required teams to get them into their armor and mounted on their massive Clydesdale horses. Then the crossbow came along, which most anyone could use, and obviated nearly all of it.
At that point, mobility became the prime battlefield advantage, and steel armor was lightened and reduced to cover just the head, chest, and back.
Something similar has happened to the Main Battle Tank (MBT) which evolved after the Light and Heavy and Really Super Heavy tanks of WWII. The ultimate MBT is arguably the United States Army's M1-A3 Abrams, an evolution of 1979′s M1. The thing is massive, weighing in at over 70 tons, and there's really no practical way to make it any bigger or give it any thicker or more effective armor. The things are so expensive we've only built 9,000 of all M1 varieties in the last 30 years, compared to almost 50,000 M4 Shermans we built during the three-and-a-half years we fought in WWII.
The tank as we knew it — the ultimate armor-vs-armor weapon — is at an evolutionary dead end, and improving man-portable antitank weapons will bring its ultimate survivability into question. What keeps it relevant on today's battlefield is computer network enhancements, making the tank into almost a mere cog in the information-aware battlespace of the 21st Century.
But please note that the Army hasn't done any truly serious work on replacing the M1. It's just that good — and at just that much of a dead end. It's about as up-armored as anything can get and still move, and so most future enhancements will be further networking improvements. When/if the Abrams does meet its replacement, that new tank is likely to be smaller and lighter, instead of larger and heavier. The next tank, if we build it, will probably serve as the manned, networked hub of even smaller robotic weapon systems, which might use AI to control their own miniature drones, for a near-perfect picture of the battlespace, and the ability to direct lethal firepower on it almost instantly — all with little risk to our soldiers.
Something similar is happening in the skies to fighters and bombers. As I wrote here previously, stealth is like "safety" in the automobile business — it's a feature that must be baked in by the manufacturer right from the concept stage, or there's no market for the product. Within a human generation or two, every fighter and bomber built, even by technological laggards like China, will enjoy a serious degree of stealth. And every detection system built will, although perhaps with some struggle, be able to defeat it. Stealth is the armor, detection is the warhead — and it's a battle stealth must ultimately lose.
So what's the solution for future jets and bombers needing to reach their targets? I think the answer will be much the same as it was after the introduction of the crossbow: Mobility.
For air forces, that means an initial strike capability of hypersonic missiles, or more accurately kinetic kill vehicles, capable of overwhelming enemy detection systems with little or no warning. Only then would stealthy jets be sent in to do their work, although its likely that the "sixth generation" aircraft designs will be completely (or perhaps just optionally) unmanned. Initial studies of a potential "B-3″ bomber indicate the Air Force will compromise on smaller size, lighter payload, longer reach — and a cockpit where the human pilot might never have enter.
Stealth isn't going away, and it isn't even really in decline. But it will eventually take a backseat to newer ways of protecting our Air Force and keeping it lethal.
UPDATE: It took until after my third cup of coffee to realize that exothermic hypervelocity kinetic kill vehicles should be thought of, and eventually given the official name, "Wild Weasels from Outer Space!"
Which would also make an excellent name for a totally ironic New Wave revival band.
How Many iPhones Did Apple Sell Last Quarter?
Best estimate is "lots." Read:
Expectations for the iPhone on Wall Street are high, as hardly a day goes by without another sign that Tim Cook made the right call when he decided to go after the oversized phone market that Samsung once owned.
On Wednesday, for example, Counterpoint Research reported that Apple's market share in November grew to 12% in China, 51% in Japan and 33% in Korea — Samsung's home turf.
"No foreign brand has gone beyond the 20% market share mark in the history of Korea's smartphone industry," said Counterpoint's Tom Kang in the company blog.
So it really is true that everybody loves the big phones other than me. But not once when I was slipping my phone into my pocket did I think, "You know what? This could be bigger, maybe even lots bigger." And don't get me started on phablets, which seem like either buying a Subaru Brat when you need a full-size pickup truck, or like strapping a grandfather clock on your wrist to tell the time.
What's the appeal of these beasts?
Is Colorado's Governor Right About Pot Legalization?
Colorado voters spoke, but our governor wishes he didn't have to listen:
"If I could've waved a wand the day after the election, I would've reversed the election and said, 'This was a bad idea,' " Hickenlooper said Friday on CNBC's "Squawk Box."
"You don't want to be the first person to do something like this," he said.
He said that he tells other governors to "wait a couple of years" before legalizing marijuana as Colorado continues to navigate an unknown, nonexisting federal regulatory landscape for the industry.
"There's a whole regulatory environment … that really regulates alcohol," he said. "We're starting from scratch, and we don't have a federal partner because [marijuana] is still illegal federally."
We're supposed to be a laboratory of democracy, Mr. Governor, and not a mere satrap of Washington. I'd apologize for the inconvenience, but why don't you try earning your paycheck instead?
George Lucas' Role in Star Wars: Episode VII Should Make You Smile
The man who invented the Force has no say in how it awakens:
George Lucas told Cinema Blend in an interview posted yesterday that when he sold Lucasfilm to Disney in 2012, along with the company came some of his ideas for a new Star Wars trilogy. But it sounds like none of them will be part of the new Star Wars universe of movies that Disney will roll out beginning with the seventh installment, the JJ Abrams-directed Star Wars: The Force Awakens, which is set to hit theaters December 18.
When Cinema Blend asked about some of those ideas, he responded: "Well, the ones that I sold to Disney and everything, they came up to the decision that they didn't really want to do those. So they made up their own. It's not the ones that I originally wrote."
What This Racist Murderer Said Before His Sentencing Might Give You Nausea
I feel sick after reading this:
A black man who was found guilty of murdering two white teenagers execution-style in a vacant Detroit field defiantly declared "black lives matter" Wednesday before being sentenced to life in prison.
Fredrick Young and Felando Hunter were sentenced Wednesday to life in prison without parole for robbing, torturing and murdering Jourdan Bobbish and Jacob Kudla, who had met up with them in July 2012 to buy drugs, a local Fox affiliate reported.
Young shocked the courtroom when he was given the chance to address the victims' families, but instead apologized to the families of Michael Brown and Eric Garner.
"I'd like to say sorry to the families of Aiyanna Jones, Michael Brown, Eric Garner," he said. "And I want to apologize to them for not being able to get justice for their loved ones who was murdered in cold blood.
"And in respect for the peaceful protest, I want to say 'hands up don't shoot,'" he said, raising his hands in the air. "Black lives matter — that's it your honor."
Young's life mattered — until he chose to become a killer.
Chinese Wife Chops Off Cheating Husband's Manhood… Twice!
I don't know how to introduce this story, other than with the most profound regret and a woefully insufficient "You know you aren't supposed to do that, right?" So without further ado:
In a bizarre, but true illustration of that edict, a jealous wife in China, 30-year-old Feng Lung, reported chopped her husband's penis off with a pair of sharp scissors, not once, but twice, in order to teach him a lesson for his infidelity.
Having found out her husband was cheating on her, the woman sliced off his penis, which was reattached successfully by surgeons in Shangqiu in central China's Henan province. When she saw her husband had sent a raunchy email to his mistress once again, she severed his member a second time.
Lung is now facing jail after being arrested for causing grievous bodily harm to her husband, 32-year-old, Fan Lung.
The Mirror reports that surgeons were able to reattach the penis, but when the jealous wife found the email on her phone, she reportedly sneaked into his hospital room and cut it off again before throwing it out of a window.
The second cut is the deepest.
Study: Gay Mormon Men Divorce Straight Mormon Women
The LDS couples profiled on TLC's "My Husband Is Not Gay" may find these statistics sobering: Marriages like theirs — same-sex attracted husbands and straight wives — are two to three times more likely to end in divorce than others.
That finding and others come from a newly released in-depth survey of 1,612 self-selected LGBT/same-sex attracted Mormons and former Mormons, thought by researchers to be the largest study ever conducted with this population.
Rather than tapping a random sample, John Dehlin, a doctoral student at Utah State University, and Bill Bradshaw, a retired Brigham Young University professor, with help from Renee Galliher, also of USU, solicited responses via various websites, including pro-Mormon outlets such as North Star International and those more critical such as Dehlin's own "Mormon Stories" podcast.
I'm going to go out on a limb here and guess this study would apply to couples of other religions, too.
Some Amazing Free Wallpapers From Last Week's Galaxy Photos…
Last week I think I had everybody pining for shiny new 4k monitors to display NASA's stunning Hubble "photograph" of 100 million stars in the Andromeda Galaxy two million lightyears distant.
Well, Rob Griffiths did me one better. Actually, he did me 50 better:
Last week, I used the just-released Hubble Space Telescope images of the Andromeda galaxy to create a couple of desktop images for my Retina iMac. I liked the results so much that I spent some time collecting other suitable images from the Hubble site, and then cropping and/or scaling them to create interesting high-res desktop images. (I used Acorn for all the edits; it had no troubles, even with TIF images as large as 20,323×16,259!)
The end result is a collection of 50+ Retina iMac-sized (5120×2880) desktop wallpapers, courtesy of the Hubble Space Telescope.
If you're a lucky owner of a 5k Retina iMac, or even a mere 4k monitor, I can't urge you strongly enough to click over and take advantage of Rob's generosity.
(Hat tip, Jim D.)
This Had Better Be Some Damn Good Beer…
Icelandic brewery Stedji, which is producing the beer in time for the country's mid-winter festival, Thorri, said the Hvalur 2 beer was made with the testicles of fin whales – which are classified as endangered on the conservation Red List – smoked in a "traditional way" with dried sheep dung.
Stedji may very well be redefining "on tap."
The Surprising Place Where Apple Is Succeeding
There's one place where Apple is kinda-sorta-nearly competing somewhere adjacent to the low end, and that's in the market for sub-$1000 laptops. The company's 11″ MacBook Air got a price cut last year to "just" $899 retail, and that seems to be paying off:
Apple sold a record 5.75 million Macs in the quarter that ended Dec. 31, an increase of 19% that beat the overall industry by a wide margin, IDC said Monday.
In a preliminary estimate, IDC pegged Apple's sales for 2014′s fourth quarter at 5.75 million, a record for a three-month period. According to IDC, Apple sold 4% more Macs than the previous quarter, currently the record.
If U.S. retail sales are any guide, the Mac's jump came primarily from its lower-priced laptop, the MacBook Air. "Apple had about a third of all notebook sales below $1,000 in the 14 weeks of the fourth quarter," said Stephen Baker, analyst with the NPD Group, another research firm. "That number was only 8% in 2013."
When a company can swoop into the highest-price segment of the low-price market and immediately grab a third of it, then they must be doing something right.
The Next Microsoft Is…
…Google? Let's read what Katie Benner has to say about that:
For all of its innovation, best captured by Eric Schmidt's "How Google Works," Google is a 55,000-person behemoth, and it's nearly impossible for any company to move quickly and creatively at that size. Among tech giants, only Apple has managed to innovate after becoming so big. Hewlett Packard? Nope. IBM? No way.
Despite all the talk about Google's much vaunted moonshots – self-driving cars and Google Glass, internet-connected balloons and drone deliveries – the company is still basically a purveyor of cheap online ads that it sells at massive volume against the things that we search for online. Advertising accounted for $51 billion of the company's $56 billion in revenue last year.
The most valuable thing that the official moonshot incubator, Google X, has produced isn't innovative products that will maintain Google's search dominance. It's good PR. It codified the idea that Google is always trying new stuff and failing because that's what true, crazy, bountiful innovation looks like.
There's much more to Benner's argument, so you might just want to read the whole thing.
I'd argue that's what Benner describes at Google is exactly what innovation doesn't look like. Successful innovators imagine and iterate new products with exactly one thing in mind: Pleasing their customers with something new which they might not have even known they wanted. It's a focused approach to creativity.
Wireless communications are one example. It turns out, hardly anybody really wanted a large and expensive satellite phone which could only be used outdoors, and which required a constellation of multimillion dollar satellites in orbit in order to function. It also turns out that almost everybody wants a touchscreen computer which they can fit in their pocket and access most any kind of data from most anywhere. Iridium is still around, focused on a very few, very special customers — but its parent company Motorola has since been twice orphaned. Meanwhile, perhaps more than 1.5 billion-with-a-b people own an iPhone or an Android lookalike.
Google's approach might very well produce a gem — someday. But the way they go about "innovating" makes the next Iridium much more likely than the next iPhone, and worst of all, doesn't allow Google to tell the difference in advance.
See: Google Glass.
Why Samsung's Profits Fell Last Year
Via Ibtimes.com:
The Samsung Group announced Thursday that its yearly profit fell for the first time since 2011. The electronics giant still beat analysts' expectations as its slowing smartphone sales were buoyed by demand for its computer chips.
Sales of Samsung's Galaxy smartphones made up two-thirds of its profit for the last two years, but they will be eclipsed by its semiconductor business in 2015, according to analyst Lee Sei-cheol from Woori Investment & Securities. The company announced that its 2014 operating profits were expected to reach 24.9 trillion won, or $22.6 billion, down 32 percent from a year earlier.
Samsung is feeling the squeeze from Apple on the high end, especially now that the iPhone comes in two new sizes — "Extra Large" and "Waffle Iron." (I know, I know — everybody loves the big smartphones but me.) Worse for Samsung is that they're having the floor eaten out of their massive low-end sales by even lower-cost copycats like China's Xiaomi. (Somewhere, Jony Ive and the ghost of Steve Jobs are doing the Happy Dance together as they watch their copycat get consumed by copycats.)
The point to remember here is that Samsung was literally — and I'm not abusing that word — literally the only Android phonemaker generating any profits worth mentioning. What Samsung's troubles mean for Android going forward is anyone's guess, although it took the Android market a comparatively short time, maybe even a shockingly short time, to become just as commoditized as the Windows PC market. Over the course of decades, Windows generated billions and billions for Microsoft and for PC makers before commoditization (and OS X) sucked all the profits out of the Wintel business model. Android went down that same road in just three or four years.
The key difference is that Android doesn't have to generate profits for Google — but what happens to the OEMs who at some point are going to have to generate a profit or two?
What a VodkaPundit-Style Free Community College Plan Looks Like
Under my #FreeCommunityCollege plan, all courses will be math and hard science and graded by Mr. Hand. #Vodka2016 pic.twitter.com/Pw090dfLzt
— Stephen Green (@VodkaPundit) January 9, 2015
Cross-posted from Vodkapundit
An Amazing Picture of 100 Million Stars From 2 Million Light Years Away!
The image you see above is a tiny version of Hubble's HD panorama image of the Andromeda galaxy, two million lightyears away. NASA has a 6000-pixel-wide version for you, and it is staggering to see — I want a 4k monitor now just to do this one picture something like justice. Here's more from NASA:
The largest NASA Hubble Space Telescope image ever assembled, this sweeping bird's-eye view of a portion of the Andromeda galaxy (M31) is the sharpest large composite image ever taken of our galactic next-door neighbor. Though the galaxy is over 2 million light-years away, the Hubble Space Telescope is powerful enough to resolve individual stars in a 61,000-light-year-long stretch of the galaxy's pancake-shaped disk. It's like photographing a beach and resolving individual grains of sand. And there are lots of stars in this sweeping view — over 100 million, with some of them in thousands of star clusters seen embedded in the disk.
This ambitious photographic cartography of the Andromeda galaxy represents a new benchmark for precision studies of large spiral galaxies that dominate the universe's population of over 100 billion galaxies. Never before have astronomers been able to see individual stars inside an external spiral galaxy over such a large contiguous area. Most of the stars in the universe live inside such majestic star cities, and this is the first data that reveal populations of stars in context to their home galaxy.
I've been re-reading The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (more on that another day) which has this to say about the matter:
Space is big. You just won't believe how vastly, hugely, mind- bogglingly big it is. I mean, you may think it's a long way down the road to the chemist's, but that's just peanuts to space.
(Hat tip, Jim D — and an infinitely big kudos to the Hubble team.)
Why Amazon's Fire Phone Failed
The best tech article I've read in weeks is Fast Company's behind-the-scenes report on the development of Amazon's Fire Phone — which was thoroughly rejected by consumers and caused an embarrassing $170,000,000 write-down for the retailing giant. So what went so wrong?
The short version might be: Jeff Bezos thought he was Steve Jobs.
Bezos drove the team hard on one particular feature: Dynamic Perspective, the 3-D effects engine that is perhaps most representative of what went wrong with the Fire Phone. Dynamic Perspective presented the team with a challenge: Create a 3-D display that requires no glasses and is visible from multiple angles. The key would be facial recognition, which would allow the phone's cameras to track a user's gaze and adjust the 3-D effect accordingly. After a first set of leaders assigned to the project failed to deliver, their replacements went on a hiring spree. One team even set up a room that they essentially turned into a costume store, filling it with wigs, sunglasses, fake moustaches, and earrings that they donned for the cameras in order to improve facial recognition. "I want this feature," Bezos said, telling the team he didn't care how long it took or how much it cost. Eventually, a solution was discovered: Four cameras had to be mounted at the corners of the phone, each capable of identifying facial features, whether in total darkness or obscured by sunglasses. But adding that to the phone created a serious battery drain.
And team members simply could not imagine truly useful applications for Dynamic Perspective.
On the Fire Phone, Bezos forgot all about his laser-like focus on the customer's needs, to pursue a feature his own design team didn't know what to do with. Has Bezos reached that point of success where nobody can tell him No anymore? As a happy Amazon customer, I certainly hope not, although Amazon could fiddle around with more failures like the Fire Phone for years before it negatively impacted its retail operations. But here's the bit which should have investors worried:
Bezos has said that his job is to encourage more "bold bets" and to embrace failure inside the company in pursuit of the big successes that "compensate for dozens and dozens of things that [don't] work." That drive and willingness to experiment has made Amazon a formidable competitor; Google chairman Eric Schmidt, for one, has said he considers Amazon to be the search giant's most dangerous rival. For Apple, too, its ambitions with e-commerce, iCloud, and now, even devices, all run headlong into Amazon's initiatives. But will all of Bezos's risk-taking ultimately pay off? "They make no money!" former Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer exclaimed in a recent TV interview. "In my world, [that's] not a real business. I get it if you don't make money for two or three years, but Amazon is, what, 21 years old?"
You get the feeling the profits just aren't a part of Amazon's business model?
UPDATE: An unfair thought just occurred to me. If you want to expand an existing business into profitable new fields, Ballmer is not the person you call on to help. But if you want to squeeze extra billions out of existing products and services, there might not be anyone better than Ballmer. Maybe Bezos should make him an offer he can't refuse…
What Should McDonald's Do to Win Back Customers?
If at first you don't reignite sales, try more of the same:
The chain is instead "reigniting" the "I'm lovin' it" theme "by introducing a new platform that puts more focus on lovin'," said the company in a statement. The messaging will focus more on positivity "with more uplifting content and conversations in the lovin' spirit.
Ad Age first reported the brand campaign after Publicis Groupe's Leo Burnett won a pitch for ideas to refresh the brand. "I'm lovin' it" was not expected to be jettisoned, but rather to be evolved.
"This new focus will inspire everything we do moving forward, from advertising and marketing to how we interact with customers in restaurants and on social media," the company said.
If McD is serious about winning back customers, all they have to do is fix the damage they've done to their formerly world-class french fries.
What to Do to REALLY Upset White People at Brunch…
If you really want to upset white people at brunch, water down the Bloody Marys.
— Stephen Green (@VodkaPundit) January 6, 2015
This Isn't Quite Picard's Replicator, But It's Closer…
Via CNN:
The "Foodini," as it's called, isn't too different from a regular 3D printer, but instead of printing with plastics, it deploys edible ingredients squeezed out of stainless steel capsules: "It's the same technology," says Lynette Kucsma, co-founder of Natural Machines, "but with plastics there's just one melting point, whereas with food it's different temperatures, consistencies and textures. Also, gravity works a little bit against us, as food doesn't hold the shape as well as plastic."
The Barcelona-based startup behind the machine says it's the only one of its kind capable of printing a wide range of dishes, from sweet to savory.
"In essence, this is a mini food manufacturing plant shrunk down to the size of an oven," Kucsma said, pointing out that at least in the initial stage the printer will be targeted mostly at professional kitchen users, with a consumer version to follow, at a projected retail price of around $1,000.
If you need me, I'll be standing over my charcoal grill with a couple of ribeyes cut from an actual cow.
The 5 Best Christmas Movies for Terrible People
Editor's Note: This article was first published as "Your VodkaPundit Christmas Movie Guide" in 2013 and is now resurrected and republished as part of the Ghost-Lists of Christmas Past Series.
Tis almost the night before Christmas — but there's still plenty of time to load up the DVD player or stream from Netflix. So make lovely adult beverages for you and yours, and mugs of hot cocoa for the kids.
I should also mention that I've never once been able to sit through all of It's a Wonderful Life, so there's a good chance I'm a terrible person with retrograde taste in holiday entertainment. So with that out of the way, let's look at what we do watch every year here at Casa Verde.
1. Love Actually
Apparently there's some kind of bitter feud amongst the Love Actually-haters and the Love Actually-lovers, but I'm here to resolve those differences by gently reminding you that the Love Actually-haters are possibly less than human, almost certainly dead inside, and at the very least are incapable of simple human emotion.
Here we have every love story crammed into one breezy and perfectly paced gem of a movie. There's romantic love, new love, young love, lost love, love that bridges the language barrier, brotherly love, lustful love, the love between a sister and her institutionalized brother, and perhaps the most touching of all, the love between a step-father and the son he finds himself caring for alone. The scenes between Liam Neeson and young Thomas Sangster are by themselves worth the price of admission. And every Anglophile will love Rowan Atkinson's two pitch-perfect cameos.
There's some language and some comical nudity, so this one might not be for the kiddos — but prove to me you aren't dead inside and learn to love Love Actually.
America, F— Yeah!
A new Orlando-area tourist attraction has opened up to add to the long list of other theme parks. But it's unlike anything you'll fins at Disney World, Universal Studiosm or Sea World. It's called Machine Gun America.
It allows participants to fire live ammunition from fully automatic weapons.
"Everybody has something they always wanted to try," General Manager Bruce Nierenberg told local CBS affiliate WTSP Channel 10 News. "This would be on people's bucket list to try it and have a new experience."
If you think that's awesome — which it is — wait until you get to this next part:
Not everyone is thrilled with the idea of the 13,000 square foot facility being planted within the Mecca of Florida's family-friendly theme parks.
"You've got Holy Land right there in Orlando. You've got Disney World, and Epcot," said Lucia Kay McBath, a member of Moms Demand Action for Gun Sense, "All places for family fun where they should feel protected."
But it would appear that McBath is among the minority. The station is running a poll where it asks participants "Do you think it's okay to allow kids as young as 13 to handle high-powered machine guns?"
Over 76% voted "Yes."
I love this country.
Exhibit #1,000,006 In Why Nothing Good Ever Came From Hiding In the Closet
Via The Independent:
An American pastor from Indiana, who leads a church that preaches same-sex marriage is "sinful", has been arrested after he allegedly grabbed and squeezed a man's genitals before requesting oral sex.
Gaylard Williams, 59, who leads the Praise Cathedral Church of God in Seymour, southern Indiana, was arrested and charged with battery and appeared in court last week, WLKY reports.
Williams allegedly approached a 27-year-old man in his car at Cypress Lake in Indiana. The man said that when he rolled down his window to speak to Williams, the pastor grabbed and squeezed his genitals, and then requested oral sex.
This next line is the clincher:
Police found gay porn in Williams' car, who denied it was his and claimed he was returning it to the owner.
Why the Chance of Life on Mars Went Up
The chances are still slim of there being life on the Red Planet, but they're better than they were last year:
A year after reporting that NASA's Curiosity rover had found no evidence of methane gas on Mars, all but dashing hopes that organisms might be living there now, scientists reversed themselves on Tuesday.
Curiosity has now recorded a burst of methane that lasted at least two months.
For now, scientists have just two possible explanations for the methane. One is that it is the waste product of certain living microbes.
"It is one of the few hypotheses that we can propose that we must consider as we go forward," said John P. Grotzinger, the mission's project scientist.
The scientists also reported that for the first time, they had confirmed the presence of carbon-based organic molecules in a rock sample. The so-called organics are not direct signs of life, past or present, but they lend weight to the possibility that Mars had the ingredients required for life, and may even still have them.
Let the terraforming begin.
Skinny Puppy Demands Taxpayers Pay Up For Torture Music
It's just what the screencap says:
Cevin Key, the band's keyboardist, says the band at first planned to design an album cover based on an invoice for the U.S. government, rather than sending a physical invoice. But after learning that the government had allegedly used their music without permission, Key says the band was told it could bring a suit against the Department of Defense.
"We sent them an invoice for our musical services considering they had gone ahead and used our music without our knowledge and used it as an actual weapon against somebody," Key told CTV's Kevin Newman Live.
As someone who has tried and utterly failed to withstand Skinny Puppy's music on more than one occasion, I'd urge the government to pay up — the band is worth every penny at Gitmo.
Will Weed Legalization Cause Teen Drug Use to Drop?
One year after legalization, marijuana use is down among teens in Colorado and in Washington State:
University of Michigan's Monitoring the Future study, now in its 40th year, surveys 40,000 to 50,000 students in 8th, 10th and 12th grade in schools nationwide about their use of alcohol, legal and illegal drugs and cigarettes.
"There is a lot of good news in this year's results, but the problems of teen substance use and abuse are still far from going away," Lloyd Johnston, the study's principal investigator, said.
After five years increases, marijuana use in the past year by students in all three grades declined slightly, from 26% in 2013 to 24% in 2013. Students in the two lower grades reported that marijuana is less available than it once was, the survey found.
One year does not make a trend of course, so I'm not jumping up and down over this, even though I support legalization.
I had expected a small bump in the usage numbers — even if teenage pot smoking had remained unchanged — because it's safer to tell a pollster you're doing something legal, than it is to admit to breaking the law.
It will be interesting to see what the next few annual polls brings.


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Faithful Citizenship
Unconventional Thinking: Theological Touchstones for the Election Season
What is not loving is wrong—even if it seems right.
My second theological touchstone turned out to be the Anglican clergyman William Law's A Serious Call to a Devout and Holy Life, an 18th-century classic of devotional literature that deeply influenced John and Charles Wesley, the founders of Methodism, the great evangelist George Whitefield, and in our own time, the Presbyterian pastor and activist William Sloane Coffin.
In response to the common argument that worship, prayer, and Bible reading are the core of Christian belief and practice, Law challenges us to dethrone every thing that is not God and to consider as holy only a life that is completely devoted to the moving of God: "He therefore is the devout man, who lives no longer to his own will, or the way and spirit of the world, but to the sole will of God; who considers God in every thing, who serves God in every thing, who makes all the parts of his common life parts of piety, by doing every thing in the Name of God, and under such rules as are conformable to His glory."
The second of the questions about moral decision-making, then, is in what ways am I considering myself Christian, while I am actually living according to "the way and spirit of the world"? For us as Americans, that might include questioning our cultural passions for freedom, self-reliance, acquisition, and privacy—or recognizing our difficulty in separating our love of country from our love of God.
True holiness comes from placing God first—and not mistaking faith for patriotism.
The third touchstone was also from Augustine, although we can find it in many spiritual traditions, and it has to do with living with disagreement. When earlier this year the president of Georgetown University, Jack DeGioia, weighed in on the controversy over the Obama administration's plan to have the insurers of religious institutions offer birth control to female employees, he surprised and offended many by calling for civility and by quoting Augustine: "St. Augustine captured the sense of what is required in civil discourse: 'Let us, on both sides, lay aside all arrogance. Let us not, on either side, claim that we have already discovered the truth. Let us seek it together as something which is known to neither of us. For then only may we seek it, lovingly and tranquilly, if there be no bold presumption that it is already discovered and possessed.'"
Didn't almost all the speakers at both conventions act as though the truth is already discovered and possessed? Yet Augustine predated Descartes' proof of his existence ("I think, therefore I am") by reasoning outward from our inability to know the whole truth: "If I err, I exist" (City of God 11:26). This most renowned of theologians even characterized all human talk about God as "learned ignorance" (Letter 130).
Unlike most of us, Augustine saw the prevalence of error and ignorance as an opportunity for dialogue, not as an opportunity to demonize. It was possible, he said, that he might be wrong or might have only a portion of the truth, and therefore it was wrong for him to completely reject someone who believed differently. Even his enemies might teach him something.
So this final touchstone for theological decision-making asks us, is it at all possible that, as imperfect human beings, we don't hold the entire truth? And if none of us is willing to concede that possibility, can any meaningful change, compromise, or learning take place? Can candidates go to office having sworn not to raise taxes, let's say, or pledging that they will not compromise with those across the aisle?
Can candidates effectively govern after telling the American people that the ideas of their opponents are completely wrong—or worse, that their opponents are un-American, unchristian, or otherwise unworthy?
So, after the conventions in Tampa and Charlotte, after the heated rhetoric and impassioned attacks, I return to my theological touchstones: love, holiness, humility. The issues come and go, but the need for these remains.
Augustine was writing about the Bible in the passage that follows, but we might today imagine him speaking of American candidates sifting our foundational documents and coming to different conclusions: "May all of us who, as I allow, affirm that these texts contain various truths, show love to one another, and equally may we love you, our God, fount of truth—if truth is what we are thirsting after and not vanity" (Confessions 12.30.41).
Too often, I fear, when we come to different conclusions, we would rather be right—or imagine ourselves right—than anything else.
We would rather live secure in our ideological gated community than live with love.
Than live with forgiveness.
Than live—God forbid—with doubt.
And all of that sounds to me, I am sorry to say, like vanity.
Greg Garrett is (according to BBC Radio) one of America's leading voices on religion and culture. He is the author or co-author of over twenty books of fiction, theology, cultural criticism, and spiritual autobiography. His most recent books are The Prodigal, written with the legendary Brennan Manning, Entertaining Judgment: The Afterlife in Popular Imagination, and My Church Is Not Dying: Episcopalians in the 21st Century. A contributor to Patheos since 2010, Greg also writes for the Huffington Post, Salon.com, OnFaith, The Tablet, Reform, and other web and print publications in the US and UK.


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Publications (74)123.12 Total impact
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ABSTRACT: It has been suggested that there is a close association of abnormality in auricular muscles with various congenital auricular deformities. However, there has been no investigation to determine what muscles are involved and how they affect the deformity. The authors examined abnormalities of auricular muscles for patients with various auricular deformities. The authors examined 77 auricles of 62 patients with congenital auricular deformities, including cryptotia, Stahl's ear, prominent ear, lop ear, and others. The superior and posterior auricular muscles from the extrinsic auricular muscle group and the auricular oblique and transverse muscles from the auricular intrinsic muscle group were investigated. The authors found characteristic features of the abnormality of the muscle for each auricular deformity. In nearly all cases of cryptotia, abnormality was found in the superior auricular, auricular oblique, and auricular transverse muscles. Abnormal insertion was found mainly in the superior auricular muscle and was the main cause of cryptotia. In Stahl's ear, the major abnormality was abnormal insertion of the auricular transverse muscle, which creates an abnormal cartilaginous prominence in the scapha. The abnormality in cases of prominent ear was clearly limited mostly to the auricular transverse muscle and, in some cases, to the posterior auricular muscle. In lop ear, abnormality was mostly found in the auricular transverse muscle, with elongation, and in the superior auricular or auricular oblique muscle in some cases. There is a tendency for a specific muscle abnormality to be found in each deformity. It is important to identify the abnormal muscle and correct the abnormality during the operation.Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 07/2015; 136(1):78e-88e. DOI:10.1097/PRS.0000000000001383 · 2.99 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Facial asymmetry, which is often due to asymmetry of the mandible, is a naturally occurring phenomenon in patients with hemifacial microsomia (HFM). Only a few attempts have been made to develop specific quantitative diagnostic criteria for the mandibular asymmetry of HFM. This pilot study was designed to determine the soft-tissue and skeletal characteristics of patients perceived to have HFM and the factors affecting objective assessment of mandibular asymmetry.05/2015; DOI:10.1016/j.ajoms.2015.03.008
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ABSTRACT: Local flaps from surrounding tissues are both functionally and cosmetically better for reconstructing external nasal defects as compared to skin grafts and distant flaps. In the case of local flaps, the concept of the aesthetic subunit principle is important. This principle enables matching the shape of the defect or flaps to the subunits, to the greatest extent possible, and provides various advantages such as an inconspicuous scar or easy construction of a three-dimensional structure. However, the subunit principle that has been reported does not always match with all cases. Hence, we should consider the appropriate subunits depending on each case. The typical local flaps used for nasal defects are the nasolabial flap for defects of the ala, and the forehead flap or dorsal nasal flap for defects of the nasal tip and dorsum. Moreover, relatively large nasal defects that extend over several subunits have been frequently reconstructed using a forehead flap and distant flap. However, it is possible achieve restoration using local flaps from surrounding tissues by dividing the large defect for each subunit and combining several local flaps together.
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ABSTRACT: Here, we introduce our recent operative technique for ear elevation that results in (1) minimal morbidity for patients, (2) symmetric appearance, (3) clearer 3-dimensional structure with a deep concha, (4) good aesthetic appearance by hiding the grafted area behind the ear, and (5) maintenance of deep temporoauricular sulcus and angle. After a skin incision, the ear is elevated with temporoparietal fascia underlying the cartilage. On the conchal area, undermining is performed just below the skin so that the deep concavity can be maintained. Scalp and neck skin behind the ear is undermined subcutaneously and lifted up cranially to hide the entire area of grafted skin behind the ear. The postauricular surface is covered by full-thickness skin from the lower abdomen. A protective splint is applied for 3 months while sleeping. A total of 137 ears in 121 patients were corrected with our technique and followed up for at least 3 years. All of the scar tissue could be hidden behind the ear, an aesthetically excellent result. Our technique made it possible to acquire an excellent and symmetrical shape of the ear. The important points in our procedure are as follows: (1) subcutaneous posterior undermining to enlarge the conchal cavity, (2) careful arrangement of the temporoauricular angle and auriculo-earlobe angle, (3) reduction in the area of temporally grafted skin to hide all scars behind the ear, and (4) protection of the ear to maintain the shape using a postoperative splint.09/2014; 2(9):e208. DOI:10.1097/GOX.0000000000000136
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ABSTRACT: Background: As the elderly population continues to expand, it becomes increasingly important to develop treatments to improve wound healing in the elderly. One problem limiting the research is the lack of appropriate animal models for wound healing in elderly patients. We hypothesized that the Klotho mouse of premature aging is a suitable animal model to shed light on many of the biological processes involved in aging skin. Methods: Klotho mice (kl/kl), Klotho-heterozygous mice (kl/+), and wild-type mice (+/+) were wounded, and the area of the wound was measured every 3 days until the wound was healed. To compare the klotho phenotype with wild-type mice, wounds were also harvested at 4 and 7 days after wounding. For histological examination, paraffin-embedded sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson trichrome. Collagen expression in the wound was also studied by analyzing messenger RNA using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Klotho mice showed a significantly slower rate of wound closure compared with Klotho-heterozygous mice and wild-type mice. Histology showed substantial less healing and collagen deposition in the wounds of the Klotho mice. The expression of collagen messenger RNA in Klotho mice was also less than that in heterozygous and wild-type mice. The Klotho mice exhibited significant phenotypic similarities with aged skin, such as atrophy and delayed wound healing. Conclusion: These preliminary data suggest that the Klotho mouse may be a model to further investigate wound healing in the elderly.01/2014; 2(1):e101. DOI:10.1097/GOX.0000000000000045
- Modern Plastic Surgery 01/2014; 04(01):1-4. DOI:10.4236/mps.2014.41001
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ABSTRACT: Recently, auriculoplasty with costal cartilage grafting has been successfully used for correcting microtia and creating a clearly refined contour and a natural appearance of the ear. However, several important problems remain unsolved in these techniques. The authors describe an improved technique for harvesting costal cartilage with minimal morbidity and a new procedure for fabricating a cartilage frame that ensures a refined shape and rigid structure of the constructed ear. Costal cartilage is harvested directly with a chisel. This technique enables some of the cartilage at the chest wall to remain intact. The base frame is fabricated by two cartilage blocks partly overlapped on the area of the antihelix. The thickness in the overlapping area emphasizes the contour between the antihelix and the helical crus. To prevent absorption of the cartilage, helical and antihelical parts are created using the outer rigid layer of the harvested cartilage and are covered as much as possible by perichondrium. A total of 137 ears in 121 patients were corrected with the authors' technique and followed up for at least 3 years. Almost all of the patients could walk within 2 days after the operation. The structure and contour of the constructed ear were well maintained. Attention should be given not only to successful outcomes of construction of the ear but also to minimal morbidity for the patients. Our technique made it possible to construct a cosmetically refined ear that could be maintained for a long period and minimize the pain and deformity of the donor's chest. Therapeutic, IV.Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 01/2014; 133(1):111-20. DOI:10.1097/01.prs.0000436828.80947.69 · 2.99 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Keloids are benign dermal fibrotic tumors arising during the wound healing process. The mechanisms of keloid formation and development still remain unknown, and no effective treatment is available. Resveratrol, a dietary compound, has anticancer properties and, from recent studies, it has been suggested that resveratrol may have an antifibrogenic effect on organs such as the liver and kidney. Based on this idea, we investigated its effect on the regulation of extracellular matrix expression, proliferation, and apoptosis of keloid fibroblasts. Type I collagen, α-smooth muscle actin, and heat shock protein 47 expression decreased in resveratrol-treated keloid fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, resveratrol diminished transforming growth factor-β1 production by keloid fibroblasts. We also demonstrated that it suppressed their proliferation and induced apoptosis of the fibroblasts. Conversely, resveratrol did not decrease type I collagen, α-smooth muscle actin, and heat shock protein 47 mRNA expression in normal skin fibroblasts and barely suppressed cell proliferation. Our data indicate that resveratrol may have an antifibrogenic effect on keloid fibroblasts without any adversely effects on normal skin fibroblasts, suggesting the potential application of resveratrol for the treatment of keloids.Wound Repair and Regeneration 07/2013; 21(4):616-23. DOI:10.1111/wrr.12062 · 2.75 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Z-plasty is one of the most widely employed techniques in plastic surgery and mainly serves the following purposes: elongation along the axis of the scar, dispersal of the scar followed by breaking up the straight-line scar and realigning the scar within the lines of minimal tension. It is useful especially to release linear-scar contracture, yet difficult for wide scars. This report describes a novel technique to release contracture effectively for any wide scars using a new design called double combined Z-plasty. The design is simple. The main limb is set to incise the wide scar, and this main limb is shared as a peripheral limb by two other Z-plasty designs. From the main limb, each central limb is designed along the margin of the scar in the opposite direction. The main and central limbs have 90° between them. Other peripheral limbs are then designed facing laterally to the intact skin to make 60° for the central limb. After skin incision, two triangular intact skin flaps could be inserted into the wide scar from both sides, making it possible to release contracture. We performed this technique on eight patients. All wounds healed well and scar contracture was satisfactorily released. This procedure is very useful for wide-scar contracture, compared to conventional Z-plasty.Journal of Plastic Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery 02/2013; 66(5). DOI:10.1016/j.bjps.2013.01.027 · 1.42 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Microtia is thought to have a multifactorial inheritance, but several investigators disagree. Here we report our survey of the hereditary factors and possible causes. We conducted a questionnaire survey of 428 patients with microtia who were being treated at two hospitals from September 2006 to September 2008. We recorded their age, sex, affected side, duration of gestation, birth weight, age of parents at patients' birth, accompanying malformations, number of siblings, familial occurrence, smoking habit of parents, and medication/disorders of mother during pregnancy, and analysed the results. There were preponderances of male (61%), unilateral (90%) and right-sided disease (59%). Other than the first and second branchial arch syndrome, microtia is often accompanied by other congenital deformities, in particular congenital heart disease; cleft lip, or palate, or both; vertebral defects; and anomalies of extremities. The occurrence in first-degree relatives was 2%. Most maternal disorders and medication taken during pregnancy were common and there was no clear link. Statistically, there was a tendency to low birth weight and high maternal age, but it is not possible to identify these as a specific cause of microtia. Multifactorial inheritance is unlikely to be the cause of microtia as there was only one finding in agreement with its widely accepted characteristics. However, we cannot completely discount it as there were too few cases in some groups to make a judgement.Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery 09/2012; 46(5). DOI:10.3109/2000656X.2012.700018 · 0.70 Impact Factor
Article: The reverse superficial temporal artery flap from the preauricular region, for the small facial defects[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: For the reconstruction of facial defects, the retroauricular flap is generally used. However, this flap has disadvantages, such as venous return disturbance and reddish skin colour peculiar to the retroauricular region. Here, we report the reverse superficial temporal artery (STA) flap, elevated from the preauricular region. In our method, the flap is retrogradely elevated including the STA under the skin island in the preauricular region and the temporoparietal fascia around the superficial temporal vessels in the temporal region. The donor site is closed primarily or by the retroauricular flap. Five cases with a pedicled flap and one case with a free flap were treated using our method. In one case, a minor congestion of the flap occurred postoperatively, and temporary facial nerve palsy in another case. In all cases, the results were cosmetically good, and the scar at the donor site was inconspicuous. As compared to the retroauricular flap, our method is easier to perform and the flap has a reliable blood circulation. Moreover, it can be used with both a pedicled and a free flap, leaving an inconspicuous scar at the donor site, and a colour match without reddish skin. Therefore, when considering reconstruction of small-sized defects on the face, our method is more useful than the retroauricular flap.Journal of Plastic Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery 02/2012; 65(2):149-55. DOI:10.1016/j.bjps.2011.09.013 · 1.42 Impact Factor
Article: Combined Revascularization and Free-Tissue Transfer for Limb Salvage in a Buerger Disease Patient[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Buerger disease is a limb-threatening condition occurring in young smokers, and its treatment has been a challenging problem, although a large number of medical and surgical options have been suggested. Combined surgery for revascularization and free-tissue transfer for Buerger disease is an aggressive and attractive option. This complex surgery enables successful treatment of tissue loss caused by ischemia. We performed revascularization and free-tissue transfer to the critically ischemic limb in a patient with Buerger disease. In this case, the procedure is attempted to salvage a limb from amputation.Annals of Vascular Surgery 01/2012; 26(3):422.e5-8. DOI:10.1016/j.avsg.2011.06.018 · 1.17 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Purpura fulminans (PF) is a rare syndrome of intravascular thrombosis and haemorrhagic infarction of the skin. The initial symptom of PF is peripheral purpura which progresses to necrosis very rapidly. The prognosis of PF is poor, and the mortality is reported to be around 40%. Even if the patient survives, the patient may require amputation or reconstruction for limbs and facial necrosis. A 48-year-old male suffered from PF following a left cerebellopontine angle tumour excision. His nose and upper lip fell into necrosis afterwards. We performed nose and upper lip reconstruction at 8 months after the onset. We used a forehead flap for the nasal reconstruction and a free forearm flap for the lining. His upper lip was reconstructed with bilateral nasolabial orbicularis oris myocutaneous flaps. The colour and texture match of the reconstructed nose and lip is good. He could open his mouth wide enough and close completely. Facial reconstruction after PF is very difficult, because the patient has extensive scarring around the defect and there is little intact facial tissue. However, we performed a facial reconstruction using local flaps as much as possible, and obtained good results.Journal of Plastic Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery 07/2011; 65(2):252-5. DOI:10.1016/j.bjps.2011.07.004 · 1.42 Impact Factor
- Journal of Plastic Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery 07/2011; 65(1):132-4. DOI:10.1016/j.bjps.2011.07.007 · 1.42 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Mozart ear is a congenital auricular deformity, which is mainly characterized by a bulging appearance of the anterosuperior portion of the auricle, a convexly protruded cavum conchae, and a slit-like narrowing of the orifice of the external auditory meatus. It is said to be uncommon, and because no one has yet fully described neither the disease nor the treatment, the concept of Mozart ear has not been unified. This report describes a case of a 13-year-old girl presented with an unusual congenital deformity which showed the features of Mozart ear. It is an extremely rare deformity that only about 4 clinical cases have been reported in medical literature thereby a treatment method has not been fully discussed. For surgical correction of our cases, we excised deformed conchal cartilage, turned it over, regrafted, and maintained a cosmetically positive result. We also reviewed and described the origin, current concept, and treatment method of Mozart ear.Annals of plastic surgery 05/2011; 67(5):547-50. DOI:10.1097/SAP.0b013e31820944d7 · 1.49 Impact Factor
Article: New way to raise the V-Y advancement flap for reconstruction of the lower lip: Bipedicled orbicularis oris musculocutaneous flap technique[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We describe a new way to raise the V-Y advancement flap, which is useful for reconstruction of the lower lip. Various other methods have been reported in the past, but it has been necessary to choose the most suitable method for each particular case. A V-Y advancement flap from the submandibular region is one of the useful techniques to reconstruct the lower lip, and it is suitable for a wide horizontal defect. However, the conventional V-Y flap is insufficiently mobile and the reconstructed vermilion is thin because of the limitation of the pedicle. In such a case, the reconstructed lip may sag or cause an embarrassing defect. We developed a new way to raise the flap to obviate these problems. We use the V-Y advancement flap from the inferior margin of the defect in a conventional way after excision of the tumour, and use a mucosal flap to reconstruct the vermilion border. The skin side of the V-Y flap is undermined, and the orbicularis oris muscles are preserved on both sides as pedicles. The flap is then raised as a bipedicled musculocutaneous flap, which has adequate movement. After the flap has been sutured, the superior margin of the flap is de-epithelialised, and used to create the volume of the vermilion border. Functionally and cosmetically good results were achieved.04/2011; 45(2):66-71. DOI:10.3109/2000656X.2011.569193
Article: The usefulness of the collagen and elastin sponge derived from salmon as an Artificial dermis and scaffold for tissue engineering[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Collagen sponge is one of the medical materials that are frequently used in clinical medicine. However, the problem of prion disease harmfully affected the usage of mammals-derived medical materials. Since there have been no reports about prion disease occurring in marine products, we produced the collagen and elastin sponge (CES) made from salmon, and investigated whether the CES could be a substitute for mammalian collagen sponge. Fibroblasts were seeded in the CES to examine whether the CES could be used as a scaffold for tissue engineering. The results of the WST-1 assay showed that the fibroblasts were viable and were well proliferated in the CES. To examine whether the CES could be used as an artificial dermis, the CES and TERUDERMIS (traditional collagen sponge) were grafted onto the skin defects on the dorsum of rats. The histological findings of these ulcers showed non-significant difference between the CES and TERUDERMIS. Because of the safety, the abundance of the resources, and the possessing same ability as TERUDERMIS, the biomedical materials derived from marine products may be a substitute for those derived from mammals.Biomedical Research 01/2011; 32(1):29-36. DOI:10.2220/biomedres.32.29 · 1.14 Impact Factor
Article: Three cases of giant pilomatrixoma - considerations for diagnosis and treatment of giant skin tumours with abundant inner calcification present on the upper body[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Pilomatrixoma frequently occurs as a solitary, small tumour on the face or upper extremities of people younger than 20 years. We report three cases of giant pilomatrixoma. In all these cases, outward appearances and imaging investigations suggested malignant tumours. Preoperative biopsies suggested that case 1 was a basal cell carcinoma, but cases 2 and 3 had no malignant features on biopsy. Two of the cases experienced rare complications - hypercalcaemia caused by parathyroid-related protein (PTHrP) production and multiple occurrences. All three tumours were removed with a 1-3-cm margin. The postoperative histopathologies showed pilomatrixoma in all three cases. Rarely, pilomatrixoma develops to a giant size with various atypical outward appearances consistent with a malignant tumour. Preoperative clinical appearances frequently lead to misdiagnosis, and preoperative examinations are unreliable. Therefore, when a giant tumour with abundant inner calcification is present in a young patient, the possibility of a pilomatrixoma should be considered.Journal of Plastic Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery 06/2010; 63(6):e519-24. DOI:10.1016/j.bjps.2009.12.006 · 1.42 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: It is difficult to reconstruct the red lip and achieve good functional results such as normal sphincter force, sensitivity and movement of the lip. In addition, it is also difficult to attain colour and texture matches. We reconstruct a red lip that has a defect in one half, using the remaining red lip. Using the technique reported herein, we can achieve excellent functional and aesthetic results. Functionally, sphincter force and sensation recover early and the movement of the lip returns to normal. In addition, the reconstructed lip develops a symmetrical and natural appearance.Journal of Plastic Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery 12/2009; 62(12):e570-3. DOI:10.1016/j.bjps.2008.11.047 · 1.42 Impact Factor
Article: Effects of blood flow control on clinical outcomes after ethanolamine oleate sclerotherapy for vascular malformations. Jpn J Radiol[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to assess the control of nidus blood flow and the association between such control and clinical outcomes after ethanolamine oleate (EO) sclerotherapy for vascular malformations. Morphological grades on magnetic resonance (MR) images (grades 1-3), preprocedure nidus blood flow control, and clinical results in 22 cases of vascular malformation were reviewed. Cases were subdivided by MR morphological grade as follows: grade 1, 3 patients; grade 2A, 6 patients; grade 3, 13 patients. Responses to EO sclerotherapy were as follows: excellent, 3 patients; good, 5 patients; poor, 14 patients. An excellent response was achieved in one grade 1 case, one grade 2A case, and one grade 3 case. Preprocedure nidus flow was controlled in 8 lesions (type A) and not controlled in 14 lesions (type B). Three (37.5%) type A lesions had an excellent response, five had a good response; and none had a poor response. All type B lesions had a poor response. Flow control predicted an excellent result (P < 0.05). Preprocedure nidus blood flow control (versus lack of control) is associated with a significantly higher incidence of favorable clinical responses to EO sclerotherapy for vascular malformations.Japanese journal of radiology 10/2009; 27(8):297-302. DOI:10.1007/s11604-009-0341-4 · 0.84 Impact Factor
Top Journals
Sapporo Medical University
Sapporo, Hokkaidō, Japan
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Hirosaki University
Khirosaki, Aomori Prefecture, Japan
- • Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
- • School of Medicine


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Hi Mom, writing to you as I fly over France. Kind of a surreal sentence that I never thought I would type out haha. Our flight left Barcelona about an hour late so depending on how fast we get through customs should be back to Lee Abbey between 12 and 1. Looking forward to sleeping for longer than 6 hours. The weekend was very jammed packed as we sought to take advantage of all that Barcelona had to offer. Yesterday we went to the beach were I got absolutely roasted ...
Day 12: 3.7.15 - 2nd day & night at Le Puy du Fou
... 30pm (dusk) and is told through the eyes of an old man of time/memories taking you from the 1700's war in the Vendee through to WW2. We are not going to try and explain this incredible experience but all we can say is that we saw it, we heard it, we smelt it and we felt it. Jane says she had goose bumps and tears in her eyes at different times throughout the show. It is an absolute spectacle and we highly recommend it to everyone. There were about 6 ...
Day 11: 2.7.15 - Le Puy du Fou
... just like one sees at the Spring Racing Carnival in Melbourne.
There are 4 hotels on site but no room was available despite booking last year so we are staying about 10 minutes away.
It is a very large park telling the history of France from Roman times until current day. There are different areas from different eras with little villages set up and often a special show at different times during the day and evening.
Our first show ...
All closed up at 18:00
... to see such diverse uses of this beautiful countryside all in a short drive.
I was in this town on way South in May so I knew choices were limited for sustenance but Sundays are even worse. Two bars open and both were going to be closed at 18:00 after paying €10.60 for a large and a small beer....sacre bleu!
The parks by the river were thronged on this glorious Sunday afternoon, family picnics, cyclists and fishermen on the banks ...
Timetables, but not as you know them!
... the 1144 was full and standing on arrival at Questembert and remained that way through to Nantes. So, it seems as though the trains are well used and if there were a few more of them could be even better patronised overall but a casual glimpse at the timetable shows all sorts of gaps in services that must make planning your day fairly hard going whether you are trying to commute to or from work or fancy a leisure trip elsewhere.
Coming ...


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I was just wondering how many are not potty training yet and when you are planning on doing it. My LO has not really shown any signs of readiness and Im not too worried about it. I figured maybe when he is 2 1/2 or so, unless he shows signs of readiness before that.
For those of you not potty training already
Proud Mommy to my little man!� Benjamin 12/16/07
And to our little girl, Lily! 9/30/10
We haven't started at all yet. I'm going to just follow her lead and do it when she's ready, and she doesn't seem even close to ready right now.
We do have the potty seat set up in the bathroom, though, and she knows what it's called and has sat on it a few times. And when I can tell she's pooping I say something like "are you going potty?" so she'll hopefully start associating that with her potty seat.
I'm not really worried about it, she seems really young for it still!
Madeline Emily 12/31/07
Eliza Joy 8/7/12
My DD shows no signs either, we have a potty & I ask her occasionally if she wants to sit on it & of course the answer is always no! I am thinking we will start about 2 1/2. But right now when she does poop- we do a poopy dance or she will tell me she pooped, so I am hoping maybe she will want to do it on her own. May be TMI- but when I go on the potty I tell her what I am doing and hope she associates it. I always say "Mommy is going on the big girl potty." And she is curious so I hope it helps her along!
We haven't started at all. I trained my DS when he turned 3 and I was glad I waited. I'm hoping since she see's all the rest of us using the potty she'll start training at 2 or 2 1/2 but I'm not worried. She tells me when she poops which is more than my DS ever did.
Mrs. JT 7/03 SAHM to Zach 8/05 & Evelyn 12/07
m/c 5/04 & 9/04
I did sort of try, but of all of the signs of readiness, my dd has shown zero of them. My plan now is to let daycare do it, I think they start getting them interested in it around 2. I do have the potty chair, potty seat and books (for me and her), she is not scared of it, which I heard is step one. Yes I realize my plan is a total cop out! :)
Mom to Sarah (Dec 2007), Chase (August 2010) and Ella (June 2012)
DS loves sitting on the potty if we ask him if he wants to and he is also starting to really like having his diaper off but he still has yet to go in the potty at all or to make the connection that that's what it's there for! So we will just wait until he does I guess. Both of my daughters started training at 15 months and were fully day trained by 18 months so this is uncharted territory for me. I'm not a big pusher though. We'll see.
*Destiny* wife to Josh and mom to some crazy, awesome kiddos!
Raegan- July 2004...Rheid- February 2007 and Clayton- December 2007
We bought a potty at 15 months. Liam used it for a while, sometimes all day, but then he stopped. He doesn't want to at all anymore so I don't bug him about it. I'll ask if he needs to go and sometimes he'll go sit on it, but it's only once in a while now. I figure I'll just wait for him to show interest again. It'll happen when he's ready.
Same as Destiny said. He likes the potty and likes being diaperless, but shows no signs of readiness. We likely won't start for a good while. ODS wasn't trained until he was 3 but once he was, it only took 2-3 days and he has had maybe 1-2 accidents in a year. Even overnight. So, personally, I much prefer waiting until later and having it be stress free, mess free, and regression free.
--boys rule!--
I did the same, and is doing fine with it at daycare, so I just try to follow up at home, by letting go after every meal.
Mocha Mom to Trevon born Dec 21, 2007 & Theron born July 14th, 2011.
We haven't started at all beyond asking our son if he's pooping when we notice that he is. He does sometimes tell us when he has pooped. So we think he may be getting ready, but haven't started yet.
DS 12/07 asthma; allergic to fish, kiwi and peanut; also reacts to melon http://asafekitchen.blogspot.com/


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Days Inn Lumberton
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Day 26 - Do you know the Muffler Man?
... our first stop.
If you haven't been to a Texas boot store (like myself), it is quite the sensory experience. With the overwhelming smell of cow hide, the shimmer from sparkles at every turn, and the loud "clippity clops" on the wooden floor, I immediately know I am out of my comfort zone. We head to the kids section first and upon arrival I again confirm that I have no idea what the hell I am doing in a Texas ...
Beaumont, TX
... It's a rice and pork mixture. Here it was made into balls and deep fried. We are close to Louisianna but still in TX so it makes sense. The gumbo wasn't as good as Petes but we like the okra style. Tomorrow it's getting caught up again before New Orleans. Can't wait to see Chris and ...
Sunday Day 8
... my hand and a filter full of wet coffee grounds landed half way down the cupboards onto the floor! We left the park at 8:35 and 2 minutes down the road the sun is shining once again. Another long drive today. We are heading for Beaumont Texas and since it will be another late day and early morning, we will be in another Walmart parking ...
Day 7
... fire hydrant painting in dalamation colours. Happy to report we did not see either one! Arrived to our rv site for the evening in Beaumont since it was a long days drive, compliments of Walmart. Had a wonderful no peak chicken dinner prepared non other by amazing sister in law. Went into Walmart for a few things and sat outside with our lawn chairs to enjoy the mild and bug free evening. Lots of love bugs ...
Beautiful Beaumont
... went to Mickey D's...It was cold, I'm talking 26 degrees one morning, and windy, 30 mph, windy, can't stand up straight windy. So we didn't get otta the car. Just drove along the beach. Got sick of the cold and boogied on down the road...Mr 10 that is.
Breezed thru Louisiana, mosied on out of Mississip and bounded on over to Beaumont. Now that is a cool town. Well it was warmer than most ...


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The timeless appeal of Archer accessories works beautifully with an array of bathroom styles. This anchor-shaped robe hook embodies Archer's classical design lines, allowing you to create a unified bathroom down to the smallest detail.
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|Product Type: Towel/Robe hook
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|Style: Traditional
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|Country of Manufacture: United States
About the ManufacturerKohler's history begins in 1873, with the first of many bold business moves. Despite a climate of financial panic and the start of a five-year economic depression, 29-year-old Austrian immigrant John Michael Kohler purchased the Sheboygan Union Iron and Steel Foundry.
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Great product Victor from New York, NY on 02/25/2015 – Verified Buyer– Top 1000 Reviewer
I love this hook - its strong and has a nice weight to it. It holds my towel perfectly well, all the while looking pretty
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nice product from Kohler Susan from Attleboro, MA on 03/24/2015 – Verified Buyer
Loving the matching Kohler products. Great quality. Great addition to our bathroom. Pros: easy assembly Cons: none
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Love it! Susan from Austin, TX on 04/17/2015 – Verified Buyer
Completes the look of our guest bathroom and the Archer faucets.
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Archer robe hook in satin nickel Aaron from Arlington, TX on 10/17/2014 – Verified Buyer
This robe hook is nice and easy to install and is sturdy.
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Very heavy duty. Looks great against our tile and love that it has multiple hooks for the kids.
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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Oct 20, 1964
|Filing date
|Jan 29, 1962
|Priority date
|Feb 24, 1961
|Publication number
|James W I Heijnis
|Original Assignee
|American Enka Corp
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (3), Referenced by (5), Classifications (9)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
Oct. 20, 1964 J. w. l. HEIJNIS 3,153,362
SHIPPING APPARATUS Filed Jan. 29, 1962 5 l I f l l I INVENTOR. JAMES WATT IJSBRAND HEIJNIS A 0R Y United States Patent 3,153,362 CIE'ENG APPARATUS .l ames W. l. Heijnis, Arnhem, Netherlands, assignor to American Erika Corporation, Erika, N.C., a corporation of Delaware Filed .ian. 2.9, 1962, Ser. No. 169,393
Claims priority, application Netheriands Feb. 24, 11961 5 Claims. ((11. 83-355) This invention relates generally to apparatus for cutting ribbon or banded thread-like products into chips and more particularly to the arrangement and design of blades on an otherwise conventional milling type chip cutter.
Various types of apparatus for cutting thermoplastic materials into what has become known as chips are widely used. This invention is particularly adaptable to a cutter of the rotary type utilizing a fixed blade for supporting and guiding ribbon fed thereover and a movable blade cooperating with the fixed blade for chopping or severing the leading end of ribbon periodically. A rotary machine of this type generally utilizes a milling type cutter having a plurality of cutting edges so disposed to sever the ribbon along a line normal to the direction of travel. The chips so obtained are subsequently injection-molded either into shaped articles or melt spun into yarn or threads. Generally, the ribbon or thread-shaped products are fed to the cutter as round threads having a thickness of 1.5 to 3 mm., the length of the chips usually being chosen such that it is equal to the thickness of the threads.
In processing the chips produced with known cutting apparatus, many unexpected difiiculties occur. For example, injection-molded articles produced from colored chips sometimes have spots and stripes whereas the granular starting material had an absolutely homogeneous color. This same phenomenon sometimes occurs when casting colored films. Moreover, in melt-spinning threads from perfectly pure chips, it has occasionally been found that the filter in the spinning assembly becomes clogged very quickly.
Until now no satisfactory explanation has been found for these and other similar difliculties. A close examination of the chips obtained by the known apparatus, however, revealed that the chips appeared to have strongly deformed cut surfaces. In many places the material had been overheated and/ or melted, and in other places the edges of the cut surfaces were frayed. Furthermore, in a sample of chipped polyamide material, comprising chips measuring 1 /2 mm. in length and 1 /2 mm. in thickness, 50 dust particles per chip measuring between and 50 mu were counted. The material of these dust particles was found to be chemically identical with that of the chips. It was assumed that this dust and the fraying and over-heated spots on the cut surfaces of the chips were the cause of the above-described difficulties. The material of which the dust consists polymerizes further or degrades more than does the material of the chips and therefore gives rise to said clogging and discoloration.
Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to provide apparatus for chopping ribbon or thread-shaped thermoplastic material into chips, such chips being free from the disadvantages found in chips produced by known type apparatus.
Another object of this invention is to provide apparatus for chopping ribbon or thread-shaped thermoplastic material into chips without deforming the cut surfaces of the chips or producing overheated spots or fraying the edges.
A still further object of this invention is to provide apparatus for chopping ribbon or thread-shaped thermoplastic material into chips without producing chip dust.
A Patented Oct. 20, T64
These and other objects will become apparent from the following detailed description.
Essentially the present invention comprises a chipping apparatus in which the cutting edge or tip of the fixed blade is rounded, with the radius of curvature being between 0.15 to 0.5 times the thickness of the material to be chopped. A preferred radius is 0.2 times the material thickness. The clearance between the fixed blade and the path of the moving blades is less than 0.04 mm, preferably less than 0.02 mm. The angle between the sides of the fixed blade may vary depending on the nature of the material to be chopped. However, it is preferred that this angle be about 45.
The moving blades may be assembled in a cutterhead, or they may be combined to form a single cylindrical milling cutter. Particularly good results are obtained when the leading sides of the moving blades are forwardly inclined to their direction of travel and make an angle of 70 to 90 relative to the path of the cutting edge. The trailing sides should have a bi-planar surface with that portion farthest away from the cutting edge making an angle of 15 to 40 with the path of the cutting edge and the portion nearest the cutting edge making a clearance angle of 5 to 10 relative to the path of the cutting edge. The width of this latter portion may vary from 0.1 to 1.0 mm. It has been found that as the angle be tween the leading side and the path of the cutting edge approaches 90, the apparatus is more suitable for chopping relatively hard threads. Such threads may have been hardened, for example, by admixing the material of the threads with a pigment, such as TiO A better understanding of this invention may be had by referring to the following detailed description of the cutter taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, wherein the single figure represents a section transverse to the cutting edge of the cooperating knife blades of the apparatus.
The numeral 1 refers to the fixed blade as shown in section. Opposite this fixed blade is a cylindrical cutter 2 (only partially shown) rotatable in the direction indicated by the arrow. The numerals 3, 4 and 5 refer to successive cutting blades functioning as moving blades provided on the cylindrical surface of a milling cutter not shown. The milling cutter measures 10 cm. in diameter. Along its circumference 25 blades are distributed. Over the upper side of the fixed blade 1 a number of round threads 6 are transported side by side to the milling cutter in the direction indicated by the arrow. In the drawing, only one of such threads is shown. Each thread has a thickness of 1.5 mm. Every time a cutter blade engages thread 6 a chip 7 is severed, as is known to this art. The
length severed of course depends on relative speed of thread feed and cutter rotation.
The fixed blade is positioned 0.02 mm. away from the path 8 described by the cutting edges of the milling cutter. The axis of the milling cutter is parallel to the cutting edge 9 of the fixed blade and lies in the plane of the upper side of this blade. The cutting edge 9 of the fixed blade has a radius of curvature of 0.3 mm.
The leading sides 10 of the moving cutter or blades are so positioned that the blades make a scooping movement at an angle of with the path 3. The trailing sides of the moving cutter blades are bent, each being formed by two surfaces 11 and 12. The surfaces 11 are inclined at an angle of 40 with the path 8 and the surfaces 12 at an angle of 5 with the path 8. The surfaces 12 have a width of 0.25 mm.
It has been found that even at very high operating speeds the cutter of this invention will produce very clean and smooth chips with practically no dust. Such chips can be processed into molded articles without the spinning assembly becoming clogged. In addition, the molded articles produced therefrom are free from spots and stripes.
Using the apparatus of this invention chips may be obtained having very smooth cut surfaces without any unusual overheated or melted spots, or frayed edges. Furthermore, this invention satisfies a long standing desire to obtain a cutter capable of chopping the ribbon or threadshaped material into chips while using a minimum amount of cutting energy. In this connection, it was assumed that it was always necessary for the cutting edges of the two cooperating blades to be as sharp as possible. Surprisingly, it has now been found that in addition to the above-mentioned advantages, the apparatus of this invention needs far less cutting energy than do the known types of apparatus. a
it is to be understood that the above-identified arrangement is simply illustrative of the application of the principles of the invention. Numerous other arrangements may be readily devised by those skilledin the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention which is intended to be limited solely by the following claims.
What is claimed is:
1. A cutter for chopping ribbon or thread-shaped thermoplastic materials into chips comprising a fixed blade, at least one movable blade, means for guiding the material to be chopped along one side of the fixed blade in the direction of the cutting edge thereof and means for driving the movable blade whereby the cutting edge thereof passes along the cutting edge of the fixed blade in a path transverse to the direction of movement of the.
material, said fixed blade having a rounded cutting edge with a radius of curvature about 0.15 to about 0.5 times the thickness of the material to be chopped, and the clearance between the fixed blade and the path of the movable blade being less than about 0.04 mm.
2. The cutter of claim 1 in which the radius of curvature of the fixed blade cutting edge is 0.2 times the thickness of the material to be chopped.
3. The cutter of claim 1 in which the clearance between the fixed and movable blades is less than 0.02 mm.
4. The cutter of claim 1 in which the leading side or the movable blade is inclined to the direction of blade travel at an angle of 7090 relative to the path of the cutting edge and in which the trailing side consists of a bi-planar surface, the portion farthest from the cutting edge making an angle of 15 to 40 with the path of the cutting edge, and the portion nearest to the cutting edge being 0.1 to 1.0 mm. wide and making a clearance angle of 5 to 10 relative to the :path of the cutting edge.
5. The cutter of claim 1 in Which the angle between the sides of the fixed blade is about 45.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,655,213 Anderson Oct. 13, 1953 FOREIGN PATENTS 446,715 Canada Feb. 17, 1948 580,251 Canada July 28, 1959
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 30, 1950
|Oct 13, 1953
|Du Pont
|Cutting machine for plastic sheeting
|Feb 17, 1948
|American Rolling Mill Co
|Saw and method
|Jul 28, 1959
|Borg Warner
|Double angle back relief hacksaw
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 15, 1987
|Sep 5, 1989
|R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
|Rods containing pelletized material
|Jul 12, 1995
|Nov 12, 1996
|Schreiber Foods, Inc.
|Method for producing shredded cheese
|Jun 7, 1995
|Feb 11, 1997
|Schreiber Foods, Inc.
|Apparatus for producing shredded cheese
|Feb 5, 1997
|Mar 3, 1998
|Schreiber Foods, Inc.
|Apparatus for producing shredded cheese
|Oct 11, 2005
|Oct 19, 2006
|Fisher Jane P
|Polymer cutting apparatus and method
|U.S. Classification
|83/355, 241/221, 225/97, 83/674, 83/906
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


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Attorney Search
Dianne Drew Butler - #124191
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Current Status: Active
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The following information is from the official records of The State Bar of California.
|Bar Number: 124191
Law Offices of Dianne Drew Butler
3031 W March Ln #224W
Stockton, CA 95219
Phone Number:
(209) 478-0840
Fax Number: (209) 478-1057
e-mail: email@example.com@firstname.lastname@example.com@firstname.lastname@example.com@email@example.com@firstname.lastname@example.com@email@example.com@email@example.com@email@example.com@email@example.com@email@example.com@dfsyi.edu
|Undergraduate School:
Univ of the Pacific; Stockton CA
|Law School:
Humphrey's Coll SOL; Stockton CA
|County: San Joaquin
District: District 3
Family Law
|Certified Legal Specialty:
Family Law (State Bar of California)
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What Is This "Black" in
Black Athlete?
Constantine is not a pure Negro, if that term has any meaning. Any West Indian who took one glimpse at his father would know that somewhere in his ancestry, and not too far back, there was European blood. The Constantines, however, were black people. Off the cricket field the family prestige would not be worth very much. Constantine was of royal ancestry in cricket, but in ordinary life, though not a pauper, he was no prince.
—C. L. R. James, Beyond a Boundary
The record shows that men with dark skin, wooly hair, broad noses and thick lips, can run, jump, hit, throw and think as well as those who have light skin, straight hair, narrow noses and thin lips, and that many men in each group are better animals, biologically, than many others in the contrasting group.
—Dr. W. Montague Cobb, "Physical Anthropology of the American Negro"
Tommie Smith first had to combat and denounce the prevailing myths of the black body, myths with roots that spanned almost a century. Early African American boxing champions illustrate the historical precedent for Smith's predicament. In 1910, when Jack Johnson battled Jim Jeffries—"the great white hope"—while the ringside band played "All Coons Look Alike to Me, " it was, as historian Gail Bederman notes, "a national sensation." 1 While he had refused to fight any black contenders during his own reign as champion, Jeffries yielded to national pressure and came out of retirement to bring the coveted title back