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India: 50/75 of 104
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Bangladesh - farmers say no to GM vegetables
Mae-Wan Ho
3rd January 2014Plans to introduce a controversial GM variety of brinjal (aubergine / eggplant) in Bangladesh are opposed by 100 civil society organisations around the world. As Mae Wan Ho reports, the issue is arousing powerful passions ... more...
India - buried under stinking rubbish heaps
Almudena Serpis
17th December 2013Under the 'Incredible India' brand lurk millions of fast-growing piles of decomposing waste, reports Almudena Serpis. As they await removal, polluting waters and stinking under the tropical sun, India is rapidy becoming the world's biggest rubbish dump. more...
India - people resist airport land grabs
Rose Bridger
21st November 2013Rural communities all over India are battling against a land grab of epic proportions. And one of the biggest causes of land grabs is for airports to support India's domestic aviation boom. Rose Bridger reports from Kerala, where four new 'green field' airports are meeting stiff local resistance. more...
Seeds of death
Vandana Shiva
19th November 2013Vandana Shiva exposes the link between the use of genetically modified cotton seeds and the tragic suicide of 284,694 farmers in India over 17 years. more...
Dongria Kondh tribe of India resist powerful mining company
Joanna Eede
20th November 2013India's Dongria Kondh tribe have rejected plans by mining giant Vedanta Resources for an open-pit bauxite mine in their sacred Niyamgiri Hills. Although the decision is not yet final, the case has been hailed as an unprecedented triumph for tribal rights ... more...
World Bank's support of Tata Mundra coal plant condemned
Nicole Ghio
7th November 2013The World Bank's President Dr Kim proclaims his human and green concerns. But at Tata Mundra in Gujarat, India, his support for a 4,000MW coal fired power plant is devastating poor communities and despoliating their environment. more...
India - the new global warming villain
Oliver Tickell
25th October 2013India has blocked progress on an agreement to reduce emissions of the HFC super-powerful greenhouse gases. more...
Reclaiming the seed
Vandana Shiva
20th August, 2012Vandana Shiva explains why Seed Satyagraha – a non-cooperation movement in the footsteps of Gandhi – will be crucial in blocking the introduction of the proposed Seed Law more...
The Ecologist meets… Ila founder Denise Leicester
Ruth Styles
15th February, 2012Tucked away in leafy Gloucestershire is a beauty brand with a 'beyond organic' philosophy that's making the world sit up and take notice. Ruth Styles hopped on the train and went to meet the inspirational Denise Leicester more...
Pepper: how our favourite spice is tainted by a deadly legacy
Frederik Johannisson and Peter Bengtsen
25th January, 2011From India to Indonesia pepper farmers are increasingly vulnerable to harvest failures, food price crashes and price fixing, an investigation by Frederik Johannisson & Peter Bengtsen of Danwatch has revealed more...
Revealed: the child victims of pesticide poisoning in India
Peter Caton and Beatriz Lopez
4th January, 2012Endosulfan is the pesticide of choice for farmers in rural India trying to control insects threatening cashew nut and other crops - but the chemical can have devastating health impacts more...
The carbon con: the true cost of offsetting
29th November, 2011Exclusive film looks at allegations that a coal power project in central India, approved under the UN's Clean Development Mechanism, is destroying forests and livelihoods more...
India: 50/75 of 104
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UN-backed coal power station linked to deforestation and land grabbing
Luke Starr
29th November, 2011An Ecologist investigation reveals how the largest coal power plant to be awarded UN carbon credit funds is displacing poor communities and destroying forest in India. Luke Starr reports from Madhya Pradesh more...
Fast Forward: Ethics and Politics in the Age of Global Warming
Mark Newton
20th OctoberTheir grasp of science can't be faulted but William Antholis and Strobe Talbott need to offer solutions too, says Mark Newton more...
CAMPAIGN HERO: Vandana Shiva, anti-GM activist and head of Navdanya
Rosie Spinks
19th October, 2011Vandana Shiva explains to the Ecologist how the global anti-GM food movement resonates with the Occupy Wall Street protests more...
How India squared up to Monsanto's 'biopiracy'
Rosie Spinks
12th October, 2011Following allegations of defying India's Biological Diversity Act (BDA), Monsanto faces a lawsuit from the Indian government, reports Rosie Spinks more...
Giri Raja: the Forest King – reporting on the "wonder-chicken" hailed as a solution to feeding India's poor
Andrew Wasley
7th August, 2008It was bred to aid the rural poor, but one bird is also helping break industrialised farming's stranglehold on India. Andrew Wasley meets the remarkable Giriraja more...
Why India doesn't need World Bank energy funding
Matilda Lee
3rd June, 2011Ahead of the release of the World Bank's revised energy strategy, the Ecologist speaks to sustainable development advocate Srinivas Krishnaswamy about why despite huge gigawatt power projects, 45 per cent of India's households still lack electricity more...
Amazon rainforest activist killed after ambush
Tom Philips, guardian Brazil correspondent
25th May, 2011José Cláudio Ribeiro da Silva fought against illegal loggers and had received death threats but was refused police protection - he is the latest in a long-line of environmental activists being threatened or killed more...
The truth behind India's nuclear renaissance
Praful Bidwai
9th February, 2011Jaitapur's French-built nuclear plant is a disaster in waiting, jeopardising biodiversity and local livelihoods, says activist Praful Bidwai more...
Indian activists risk death to expose illegal logging, pollution and mining
Ambika Hiranandani and Tom Levitt
14th December, 2010The recent death of Indian environmentalist Amit Jethva was the latest in a growing number of disturbing incidents of brutality and violence against activists, report Ambika Hiranandani and Tom Levitt more...
Where does your instant coffee come from?
Phil Clarke-Hill
7th October, 2010A new photographic exhibition - Made in Coorg - looks at what life is like for the coffee growers of the Coorg district of southern India, where the highly fertile land is increasingly sought after for larger plantations and tourism projects more...
Growing green grapes and bottling sustainable wine in India
Anna da Costa
10th August, 2010Viticulture is growing at a rate of knots in India, and the country's largest winery is leading by environmental example more...
'Uneven' sea level rises threaten Indian Ocean coastal regions
14th July, 2010Global warming is adversely affecting certain countries around the Indian Ocean with higher than average sea level rises, according to analysis published in Nature Geoscience more...
Fatal Bhopal pesticide plant disaster sees first convictions
7th June, 2010A twenty-five year wait for first convictions relating to the gas leak at Bhopal chemical plant in India ends, but the contamination of the local environment and population continues more...
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Life within Circuit City is Full of Surprises, just not the good kind…
CNET reporter Brooke Crothers wrote an interesting article this past Saturday about the changes within Circuit City not only felt by the consumer. Sure consumers may benefit from the drastic price reductions in the stores, but what is it like for the employees when a company is going through a massive liquidation and layoffs?
In a brief interview the CNET reporter had with a store manager, the employee had this to say "as of Saturday, her new immediate boss was the person from the liquidation company. That person, in effect, was now running the show." Based on the reporter's own experience, combined with additional comments from employees, there was a sense of 'sheer pandemonium' within the store in Southern California.
Apparently, many employees were taken by surprise because they felt their store would somehow make it through what management coined as 'reorganization'. In addition, a female employee at the Circuit City was interviewed regarding the liquidation and was quoted saying, "no one knew it would happen–until it happened."
It appears that the unexpected events are something that may have been carried down from the higher echelons of the company. This past week a Circuit City Senior Manager in Richmond, VA commented in a Glassdoor review "Circuit city: Down, but not out," giving a debatable yet optimistic outlook of the company's future.
What's also worth noting is that Circuit City had been trying to coordinate the sale of the company with two potential buyers. However, the two buyers were unable to raise funding and the offer was taken off the table late last week. It has to make you wonder that if Circuit City's situation hadn't been compounded by an unstable economy, what the short- and long-term outlook for both the employees and the company could have been.

subset: commoncrawl


text: Hieroglyph Part 2: Dark Halls [Free Download!] by Day One published on 2012-10-24T15:29:26Z Part 2 of my Monstercat Release, Hieroglyph! Up for free in anticipation of my upcoming EP, 'Through Your Eyes'. Comment by Day One Hahahhaa ;) 2013/10/03 00:29:30 +0000 Comment by KeepTheFai7h This seems so fking familiar, if only i could remember where i heard this before x.x 2013/10/02 20:47:20 +0000 Comment by Lachlan Turnbull 1 @day-one: Nah it's sweet. Hoping that there will be a second game changer or white city, those are my favourites :3 2013/05/12 09:55:10 +0000 Comment by Day One @day-one: Oh man, I hope you're better!! Also, I couldn't possibly say... ;) 2013/05/09 10:37:12 +0000 Comment by Day One @samdurott: :D 2013/05/09 10:36:08 +0000 Comment by Lachlan Turnbull 1 @DayOne: That's priceless, although I guess that's what happens when you are recovering from head injuries... There wouldn't be a chance of game changer pt. 2. Would there? 2013/05/09 02:58:19 +0000 Comment by Samdurp uhmuhgud day one! 2013/05/09 00:21:42 +0000 Comment by Day One @lachlan-turnbull-1: Lol thanks man! It's been out 6 months though... :P 2013/05/03 10:13:43 +0000 Comment by Lachlan Turnbull 1 Been waiting for this son for sooooo long. *froths* 2013/05/03 03:12:20 +0000 Comment by Day One @haunted_apple: Lol! Bet that takes the punch out of it... 2013/04/24 16:46:49 +0000 Comment by Haunted Apple Listening to this with broken headphones and it sounds like elevator music xD 2013/04/24 16:08:59 +0000 Comment by Day One @jai_cletz: :D 2013/03/15 17:47:10 +0000 Comment by Jai Cletz suena bien!!!! 2013/03/15 15:42:15 +0000 Comment by Day One @j-moody1: Thanks man! 2013/03/14 12:03:07 +0000 Comment by equinøx Pretty sick song u got here 2013/03/14 01:50:11 +0000 Comment by Day One @trevor-farrelly: Thank you so much! 2013/03/11 11:31:31 +0000 Comment by N0V4Music sounds like a zombie horror film action scene xD love it<3 2013/02/26 14:26:28 +0000 Comment by Day One @n0v4music: :) 2013/02/26 10:57:06 +0000 Comment by N0V4Music Woooow! 2013/02/26 10:20:52 +0000 Comment by Day One @hendy666: Thanks bro!! :) 2012/11/10 15:51:45 +0000 Comment by SONZ OF THE LION Great! 2012/11/09 13:01:26 +0000 Comment by Khris Upton @day-one: lol just my guess. anytime from a fan. :-) 2012/11/07 22:43:44 +0000 Comment by Day One @khristopherupton: I don't know if I can milk Hieroglyph that much! But thank you so much anyway! 2012/11/06 23:39:53 +0000 Comment by Khris Upton I guess this is when the gang is inside an ominous tomb looking for a precious, beautiful yet soon to be cheap jewelery right? and I'm guessing the possible next one (Heiroglyph: Part 3) will be an electro mix? lol :) 2012/11/06 22:30:24 +0000 Comment by Day One @cucumber-3: Thank you! :) 2012/11/06 13:34:49 +0000 Comment by Cucumber! This totally brings me back to the days of The Mummy movies and such. Wondeful Day One :D! 2012/11/06 06:03:21 +0000 Comment by Day One @djamsy: :D 2012/10/31 12:43:42 +0000 Comment by Amsy Yeah 2012/10/31 09:38:32 +0000 Comment by Day One @clockworkmercenary: Thank you so much! Stick it in my dropbox and I will do my best to get back to you on it. 2012/10/31 08:34:33 +0000 Comment by Dj Zionik @day-one: No prob bro :) You are incredible and my favorite monstercat. I will be making a remix of Yiruma's A River Flows In You soon so please give feedback when i upload? 2012/10/31 04:05:26 +0000


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Book your room at The Mabuhay Manor
Premium Room, 2 Queen BedsMax Occupancy: 4 guests (up to 3 children)
Balikbayan Suite with Buffet BreakfastMax Occupancy: 2 guests
Get an overview of this hotel3-star family-friendly hotel near SM Mall of Asia
A family-friendly stay in Pasay awaits you at The Mabuhay Manor. You'll be 3.1 km (1.9 mi) from SM Mall of Asia and 4.6 km (2.9 mi) from Ayala Center. Highlights at this hotel include 2 restaurants, a restaurant, and an outdoor swimming pool.
Free WiFi, cable TV, and phones are featured in all 115 rooms.
A pampering day can include deep-tissue massages, Swedish massages, and mani/pedis. The coffee shop, Lola, is open for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Other amenities include free WiFi in public areas, a coffee shop/café, and coffee/tea in the lobby. There's also free self parking, along with the convenience of an airport shuttle.
Within a 15-minute drive of this 3-star Pasay hotel, attractions include Baywalk and Rizal Park.Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
Dining is available at one of the hotel's 2 restaurants and guests can grab coffee at the coffee shop/café. High-speed wireless Internet access is complimentary. This 3-star property offers access to a business center and meeting rooms. For a surcharge, a roundtrip airport shuttle (available 24 hours) is offered to guests. This family-friendly hotel also offers an outdoor pool, tour/ticket assistance, and gift shops/newsstands. Onsite self parking is complimentary.
- Airport transportation (surcharge)
- Meeting rooms
- Number of restaurants - 2
- 24-hour front desk
- Business center
- Coffee/tea in lobby
- Restaurant
- Outdoor pool
- Concierge services
- Coffee shop or café
- Total number of rooms - 115
- Number of floors - 3
- Breakfast available (surcharge)
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Elevator/lift
- Gift shops or newsstand
- Airport transportation
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Free WiFi
- Luggage storage
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Free self parking
Family Friendly Amenities
- Family Hotel
- Outdoor pool
- Free Wi-Fi
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Free self parking
Room Amenities
- Daily housekeeping
- Phone
- Room service (24 hours)
- Free WiFi
- Air conditioning
- Private bathroom
- Shower only
- Cable TV service
Where to Eat
Lola - This coffee shop serves breakfast, lunch, and dinner.
24-hour room service is available.
Spa Services
- Deep tissue massage
- Swedish massage
- Manicures and pedicures
- Massages
Hotel Policies
Check-in time starts at 2 PM
Check-out time is noon
Payment types
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
No rollaway/extra beds available
No cribs (infant beds) available
- Airport shuttle fee: PHP 480 per vehicle (one way)
- Deposit: PHP 2000 per stay
We should mention
This property offers transfers from the airport (surcharges may apply). Guests must contact the property with arrival details 72 hours prior to arrival, using the contact information on the booking confirmation.


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Patagonia Air Flow Tank Top - Mens - Mens - Road Bike Shop
Road Bike Shop
Product Search Results For "Patagonia Air Flow Tank Top - Men's - Men's"
|Biemme Sports Tank Underwear Top - Men's
Regardless of the weather, get out there and give it your all. The Biemme Men's Tank Underwear Top is made of a carbon-reinforced polyester that ensures thermoregulation, regardless of temperature, humidity, or the rigors of your ride. Stay cooler when it's hot and warmer when it's chilly, and...
Price: $98.95
|Castelli Elemento 2 7x(AIR) Jacket - Men's
In warm weather, you can throw on any old jersey and hit the road, confident that you'll stay warm and happy. Winter makes things a little tricker. You want to be warm, but not sweat, because sweat will quickly turn to ice, and you want to layer up, but you don't want to look and feel like a...
|Castelli Elemento 7x(Air) Jacket - Men's
In the realm of cycling, there isn't another season where deliberate apparel choices are more important than in the winter months. Balancing the seemingly contrasting demands of warmth and breathability is especially challenging when the temperatures dip below freezing, but the Castelli Elemento...
Price: $399.95
|Fox Racing Flow Jersey - Short Sleeve - Men's
When the sun moves past hot and into blistering, Fox Racing's Flow Jersey's structured mesh ensures perspiration's banished and cooling air joins the ride. The moisture-wicking Flow features a multi-panel collar for added comfort, and a drop-tail hem to keep you covered when stretched out over...
Price: $74.95
|Hincapie Sportswear Flow Tri Top - Sleeveless - Men's
Hincapie constructed the Flow Tri Top from the highly breathable RaceFlow fabric with a hydrophobic treatment. It glides through the water with hydrodynamic properties akin to the newest swim skins. It also dries very quickly when you get out, improving comfort post-T1. Additionally, ReactorMesh...
Price: $79.95
|ICNY Running Club Tank Top - Men's
Although having an invisible cloak is cool, being as visible as possible when you're riding or running through the streets at night is paramount. ICNY men's Running Club Tank Top makes you glow, all without the shame of having to don fluorescent. Cut from a 50/50 blend of cotton/polyester, the...
Price: $45.00
|Pearl Izumi Big Air Jersey - Long Sleeve - Men's
Great for downhill runs and trail rides, the Pearl Izumi Men's Big Air Jersey provides the protection of long sleeves without overheating your core. Made of open cell mesh, the jersey's Transfer fabric provides a cool, airy feel so you're not soaking in sweat during intense downhills and extended...
|POC Flow Long Sleeve Jersey - Men's
More than just a fashion statement, the POC Flow Long-Sleeve Jersey's loose cut is designed to comfortably fit over body armor. As the folks at POC, who have been making body armor for years, know exactly how a jersey should fit. The Flow is made with a durable polyester fabric, which is key...
|Santini Active Air Intake Jersey - Long-Sleeve - Men's
On the best of days, cycling outerwear is designed to keep warmth in by helping excess sweat and moisture evaporate through a porous shell. And taking this principle one step further, Santini drew inspiration from the airflow demands of sports cars. As a result, its Active Air Long Sleeve Jersey...
Price: $184.95
|SUGOi RPM Tri Tank Top - Men's
Designed to keep you comfortable in the water and on land, Sugoi's RPM Men's Tri Tank Top uses a blend of Triflex and Vector Stretch fabrics to provide compressive support and breathability. Triflex supports your muscles to reduce fatigue, while Vector Stretch mesh panels on the sides and back...
Price: $64.95


text:
Curtis Bailey
Published: Friday, March 16, 2012 at 2:26 p.m.
Last Modified: Friday, March 16, 2012 at 2:26 p.m.
DENTON | Curtis Nathaniel Bailey, 91, of J&V Drive, Troy, and formerly of Denton, died Thursday, March 15, 2012, at Lexington Health Care.
A graveside service will be at 3 p.m. Sunday at High Rock Baptist Church Cemetery by the Rev. Trevor Foster.
The family will see friends from 6 to 8 p.m. Saturday at Briggs Funeral Home.
Mr. Bailey was born April 27, 1920, in Davidson County to Quincy Nero Bailey and Fannie Mae Shaw Bailey. He was a retired employee in the furniture manufacturing industry and a veteran of the U.S. Navy. He was a member of Floyd Baptist Church and was married to Morona Bean Bailey who died in 1998. He was also preceded in death by sons Hoyle Bailey and Randy Bailey.
Mr. Bailey is survived by sons James F. Perdue of Burlington, Grayland Bailey of Morganton, Dennis Bailey of Lexington and Cleo Bailey of Denton; daughters Bettie Gallimore and Rehnee Rogers, both of Denton, and Pansy Osborne of Lexington; brothers Joe Bailey and Quincy Bailey, both of Lexington; sister Ada Hayes of Siler City; 13 grandchildren; 20 great-grandchildren; six stepgrandchildren; and five stepgreat-grandchildren.
Memorials may be made to High Rock Baptist Church, 346 Bringle Ferry Road, Denton, NC 27239.
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.


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Sold Out
Bird: 18cm x 12cm x 7cmStake: H97cm Powder Coated Metal
This bird is powder coated to provide protection when outdoors. If left outdoors the natural weathering process of oxidisation will occur, adding even more charm and contrast to the bird.
01. Metal Birds,
Type: Cart2Cart
Vendor: Edge Company
$24.99 AUD - Sold Out
The Bee Eater is powder coated to provide protection when outdoors. The metal bird provides...
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$12.50 AUD - Sold Out
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This gull will add great character to the garden or home. He looks good...
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Responsive Online Tickets Store Magento Theme
- Type: Magento
- Item number: 45710
- Author: Glenn
- Downloads: 3
- Share:
The store has rather uncommon design and color scheme. Colored blocks together with artists' photos look extremely attractive. Categories search is present in the left sidebar. New products are supplied with comments, prices and Add to cart buttons. Footer links boost main menu. It also contains store location info together with online order phone. Search bar can be easily found in the header.
Magento Themes Help Center
Download Free Magento Theme Sample
- Features
Magento Extensions: Cloud Zoom, Social Icons Magento Compatibility: 1.7.x Magento Engine: 1.7.0.x Additional Features: Sliced PSD, Back To Top Button, Categories Accordion, Cloud Zoom, Commenting System, Crossbrowser Compatibility, Custom Page Templates, Drop Down Cart, Dropdown Menu, Favicon, Google map, Google Web Fonts, Sample content, Search Engine Friendly, Social Options, Tooltips Animation: HTML plus JS Categories View: Grid, List Coding: CSS 3, HTML 5, JQuery, Semantic Code, Valid Coding Currencies: USD, GBP, EUR Features: Admin Panel, Responsive Functionality: Online Store/Shop Gallery Script: Accordion, Carousel, Slider Installation: Installation and set up instructions are attached (look for Documentation folder). Language support: English, Spanish, Russian Layout: 2 columns Media: Video Integration Web Forms: Advanced Search, Contact Form, Login Form, Newsletter Subscription, User Registration Width: 1400px
- Sources Available
- Software Required
- Adobe Photoshop CS+
- For uncompressing a template ZIP package: WinZip 9+ (Windows); Stuffit Expander 10+ (Mac)
- Our magento themes are designed to be used with clean install without sample data that is provided with the default theme.
- Magento community edition 1.7.0.x
- Sublime Text2 or later, Notepad++ or any php-editor


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"Another enjoyable story"
Another enjoyable book in the enderverse.
I like how Thor use multiple narrators to tell the story well without becoming confusing.
It is a little amusing that one of the voice actors must have been pronouncing Hegemony incorrectly and it has been corrected in post production. It doesn't take away from the telling of the story though so well done.
"Good book, great performance, awful production"
The audio production is very poorly edited, there are times where they sloppily clipped in voice overs of words and phrases. The interval music between chapters is out of place and annoying.
Bean's character development.
I've listened to many books narrated by Brick and have enjoyed all of them. I'd probably shy away from production by Macmillan Audio with out looking through the reviews.
No, the sloppy editing made me want to take breaks out of frustration.
"love love love this book!"
I absolutely love to hear his books on audio. I have yet to actually read one because each actor/actress brings the story alive!
"great book"
This story is excellent and the voice acting is excellent but when we pay a premium price for a product we expect it to be a premium product. What prevents this from premium is the random glitches in the audio (a random voice will replace one word in a sentence said by someone else and this happens many times). It is as if you guys ripped this from Napster for free and then charged us close to $30 to listen to it.
"So so good."
These books are so easy to listen to. The only down side is there is really lame music between chapters. Don't know why they have it. Other than that this is a fantastic story.
"Love the story!"
This second installment of the Ender's Shadow saga is a great listen.
I reduced the performance stars because of mispronunciations. Achilles, the main villain, and hegemon are both mangled throughout. It was a tad distracting, especially with an attempt to dub over some of them.
Otherwise, the performance is excellent.
"Performance kills story"
Constant mispronunciation of main characters, poor editing. Would still recommend, but be prepared- very frustrating!
"Great Book, Bad Recording"
The quality of the recording and edits are very poor compared to the rest of the books that I have listened to in this series (6 so far). The story itself is excellent as usual, however, the poor edits and mispronunciations are difficult to get past. Both the cast and the editing are normally top notch. I could not listen to the first 20 minutes in my vehicle because of the poor audio recording.
Sadly the mispronunciation of the word Hegemon, which was dubbed over in someone else's voice.
I would definitely listen again if it were re-recorded or edited.
"What in heavens happened to the audio"
Great series, great book, but the audio got screwed in compression or something
Worth the pick up, none of the other books have this problem.
"Great Story Bad audio book"
the story is great. if you liked the series up to this point you will like this one as well.
the BAD audio starts about 1/2 into the book. Specifically the word Hegemon. its quite funny but i find myself lost after getting distracted by the horrible splice of the word Hegemon multiple time. The music at the end of the chapter remind me of 70's porn music or some sort of old workplace safety video. The "sweet jams" add nothing to the story in anyway but provide a decent laugh at the end of each chapter.
still worth the buy


text:
great britain - Page 2
Helen Mirren Plays Queen for Boy With Terminal Cancer
After Queen Elizabeth II said no to a dying boy's wish to visit Buckingham Palace, Helen Mirren, who's currently playing Her Majesty onstage, stepped in and made his dream come true. Dame Mirren, we love you even more now.
Margaret Thatcher's Funeral [VIDEO LINK]
Margaret Thatcher Left Her Imprint On The World
UK still dominated by Thatcher's economic legacy (via AFP)
Margaret Thatcher's free-market reforms were controversial, but they fundamentally changed the British economy and still provide a yardstick against which her successors are judged. During the 1980s, her Conservative government deregulated the financial markets, broke the power of the trade unions,…
Former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, Known As "The Iron Lady," Dies After Stroke
Holy Strange Arrest, Batman! Man Dressed as Caped Crusader Brings Fugitive to Police
Britain Testing Amphibious Home
United Kingdom (WIBX) - In the wake of Super Storm Sandy, New York Governor Andrew Cuomo called for more than $40 billion to help in the clean up effort.


text:
@24 or so - will keep for 3 days as i believe mkt goes below from here on..
Its not high frequency trading. when you get a bounce in a short time like it had in 5 days and market is as fragile as it can be; I believe its better to take the gains. Anyways good luck with your investments.
Out @68.25 today - Going to close probably around 66.9-67
no need to be shocked... Close below 29 here very likely... buy @17-18
would love to see that happen but then it's on oil price. Oil probably need to retrace a bit here. will see..
below 68.5 OR over 69.5? any side break gives another 50cents easy
lets close in 18(s) - 18.1
would be nice.. 31.5+ would be great.
GIve me anything over 42.5 by any chance; I'm seller too.
STOP moved higher @67.9
30.5+ would be great chart.
Once 30 is broken; I say it goes to 32.5
get it over with so it can move back up.
Keeping the stop... Once it reverses downhill will be quick too.
Oil might have run its course for now... I would be happy with any 18(s) close today if possible
30.5 would have been ideal - either ways 35 seems easy on cards.
better hold 66.14 worse case by close today - IMO
for now.
IF i see XLE below 68; I might start ERY position too
IF i see XLE below 66.43; i will be buyer of ERY


text:
153 members found
State University of New York at Buffalo
Buffalo | United States
5001-10,000 employeesView Company Page
Ahmed Merzougui
account, university
Tlemcen | Algeria
- Current job title:accountuniversity
Mohamed Bouam
professeur de physique, Direction de l'éducation nationale
El-Bayadh | Algeria
- Current job title:Professeur de physiqueDirection de l'éducation nationale, Elbayadh
- Previous job title:Ingénieur d'état au niveau de CET ElbayadhThe University of Laghouat
School: MPP O Sonatrach DP , XP Hassi R'Mel
6 contacts
Liamine Bekhouche*
Computing Enginner, Network Administrator, Algérie Poste
Constantine | Algeria
- Current job title:Computing Enginner, Network AdministratorAlgérie Poste
- Previous job title:Computing Engineer Larbi Ben Mhidi University,Oum ElBouaghi
School: INPTIC Institute, Encaliptus : Algiers
A highly motivated computer and networking engineer with a verifiable record of accomplishment spanning ten years. Highly creative, recognized as a results-oriented and solution-focused individual seeking to expand my research, knowledge and skills in a challenging role in Computing, Networking o...
39 contacts
Farida ZERNADJI*
Tizi-Ouzou | Algeria
School: Department Of Translation And Interpreting
Determined and proactive Site Manager Assistant / Interpreter and Recruitment Executive who works with a sense of urgency to anticipate the needs of senior-level executives. Thrives in a fast paced, dynamic environment. Excels at analyzing, prioritizing and completing tasks while exhibiting profe...
401 contacts
Kamel Ouaguenouni
Mechanical Engineer
Boumerdes | Algeria
School: University Of Boumerdes (UMBB) Faculty Of Engineer Sciences (Ex-INGM).
My objective are: - To give a professional looking to my higher studies. - Develop my knowledge in the the mechanical field and more specifically in metallic construction in the oil and gaz industry. I have Master's degree in mechanical engineering, option METALLIC STRUCTURES from the University...
61 contacts
Nora Kabyle*
Teacher, university
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Railway Project Manager of Infrastructure Systems at SNCF
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Web Developer
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School: University De Mascara
im student in mascara university.i do a polymer chimistry im in my secand year master,and i had DIA on english education
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I am medical doctor specialiste in Ergonomics I've got my degree from the Pierre et Marie Curie University (Paris/France) Now,am doing a Master in Ocupational Medicine at University of Aberdeen. I am senior lecturer and expert in Ergonomics in the "Institut de la gestion des risques" I've work...
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Ridha Cheikh*
PhD Fellow, LTI lab
Biskra | Algeria
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- Previous job title:Associate researcherUnité de developpement des equipements solaires
School: Biska University
Ridha Cheikh was born in Biskra, Algeria, in July 1985. He received his B.Sc., M.Sc. in Electrical Engineering from the University of Biskra, Algeria, respectively in 2008, 2011. Currently, he follows his Ph.D degree within the LTI Lab and works as Associate researcher at the National Center of R...
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Mouloud GUEMANA
Enseignant Universitaire
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School: Université De Boumerdès
Khaled HEBALI
doctor, University
Mascara | Algeria
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The WS Bath Collections Linea Qaurelo Bathroom Sink complements the look of your bathroom. The contemporary style of this sink blends in with the existing bathroom decor. Made from ceramic, this sink is sturdy and long-lasting. It comes in an elegant white finish that enhances its aesthetic appeal. This sink is available with multiple choices of faucet mounts. The rectangular design of the sink makes it ideal for center placement. The Linea Qaurelo Bathroom Sink by WS Bath Collections makes a nice addition to your bathroom. Easy to care for, this sink can be wiped clean with a soft and dry cloth to ensure easy maintenance.
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|Installation Type: Vessel sink; Wall mount sink
|Style: Contemporary
|Sink Shape: Rectangular
|Finish: White
|Material: Ceramic
|Drain Assembly Included: No
|Drain Placement: Center
|Overflow: No
|Number of Faucet Holes (With Faucet Hole Faucet Mount): 1
|Faucet Included: No
|Hardware Finish: Stainless steel
|Gloss Finish: Yes
|Number of Items Included: 1
|Non-Toxic: Yes
|Fire Resistant: Yes
|Scratch Resistant: Yes
|Stain Resistant: Yes
|Rust Resistant: Yes
|Mildew Resistant: Yes
|Shock Resistant: Yes
|Fade Resistant: Yes
|Antimicrobial: Yes
|Drip-Free: Yes
|Compatible Drain Assembly Part Number: Linea 53995
|Backsplash Included: No
|Number of Basins: 1
|P-Trap Included: No
|Compatible P-Trap Part Number: Linea 53922
|Outdoor Use: Yes
|Commercial Use: Yes
|Eco-Friendly: Yes
|Country of Manufacture: Italy
|Installation Required: Yes
|Assembly Required: No
Part Numbers
|Quarelo 53706
|Faucet Mount: With Faucet Hole
|Quarelo 53706-1
|Faucet Mount: Without Faucet Hole
About the ManufacturerWS Bath Collections invites you to discover the tradition of fine hand-craftsmanship, warmth of the material, and the beauty of design, where every bath and kitchen product is transformed into genuinely unique works of art.
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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Aug 30, 2011
|Filing date
|Jun 30, 2006
|Priority date
|Jun 30, 2006
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Varun Khurana, Prasanna Kumar Malaiyandi
|Original Assignee
|Netapp, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (22), Non-Patent Citations (34), Referenced by (9), Classifications (10), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates to storage systems and more particularly to verifying and correcting the consistency of mirrored data sets on storage systems.
A storage system typically comprises one or more storage devices into which information may be entered, and from which information may be obtained, as desired. The storage system includes a storage operating system that functionally organizes the system by, inter alia, invoking storage operations in support of a storage service implemented by the system. The storage system may be implemented in accordance with a variety of storage architectures including, but not limited to, a network-attached storage environment, a storage area network and a disk assembly directly attached to a client or host computer. The storage devices are typically disk drives organized as a disk array, wherein the term "disk" commonly describes a self-contained rotating magnetic media storage device. The term disk in this context is synonymous with hard disk drive (HDD) or direct access storage device (DASD).
Storage of information on the disk array is preferably implemented as one or more storage "volumes" of physical disks, defining an overall logical arrangement of disk space. The disks within a volume are typically organized as one or more groups, wherein each group may be operated as a Redundant Array of Independent (or Inexpensive) Disks (RAID). Most RAID implementations enhance the reliability/integrity of data storage through the redundant writing of data "stripes" across a given number of physical disks in the RAID group, and the appropriate storing of redundant information (parity) with respect to the striped data. The physical disks of each RAID group may include disks configured to store striped data (i.e., data disks) and disks configured to store parity for the data (i.e., parity disks). The parity may thereafter be retrieved to enable recovery of data lost when a disk fails. The term "RAID" and its various implementations are well-known and disclosed in A Case for Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks (RAID), by D. A. Patterson, G. A. Gibson and R. H. Katz, Proceedings of the International Conference on Management of Data (SIGMOD), June 1988.
The storage operating system of the storage system may implement a high-level module, such as a file system, to logically organize the information stored on the disks as a hierarchical structure of directories, files and blocks. For example, each "on-disk" file may be implemented as set of data structures, i.e., disk blocks, configured to store information, such as the actual data for the file. These data blocks are organized within a volume block number (vbn) space that is maintained by the file system. The file system organizes the data blocks within the vbn space as a "logical volume"; each logical volume may be, although is not necessarily, associated with its own file system. The file system typically consists of a contiguous range of vbns from zero to n, for a file system of size n+1 blocks.
A known type of file system is a write-anywhere file system that does not overwrite data on disks. If a data block is retrieved (read) from disk into a memory of the storage system and "dirtied" (i.e., updated or modified) with new data, the data block is thereafter stored (written) to a new location on disk to optimize write performance. A write-anywhere file system may initially assume an optimal layout such that the data is substantially contiguously arranged on disks. The optimal disk layout results in efficient access operations, particularly for sequential read operations, directed to the disks. An example of a write-anywhere file system that is configured to operate on a storage system is the Write Anywhere File Layout (WAFL�) file system available from Network Appliance, Inc., Sunnyvale, Calif.
The storage operating system may further implement a storage module, such as a RAID system, that manages the storage and retrieval of the information to and from the disks in accordance with input/output (I/O) operations. The RAID system is also responsible for parity operations in the storage system. Note that the file system only "sees" the data disks within its vbn space; the parity disks are "hidden" from the file system and, thus, are only visible to the RAID system. The RAID system typically organizes the RAID groups into one large "physical" disk (i.e., a physical volume), such that the disk blocks are concatenated across all disks of all RAID groups. The logical volume maintained by the file system is then "disposed over" (spread over) the physical volume maintained by the RAID system.
The storage system may be configured to operate according to a client/server model of information delivery to thereby allow many clients to access the directories, files and blocks stored on the system. In this model, the client may comprise an application, such as a database application, executing on a computer that "connects" to the storage system over a computer network, such as a point-to-point link, shared local area network, wide area network or virtual private network implemented over a public network, such as the Internet. Each client may request the services of the file system by issuing file system protocol messages (in the form of packets) to the storage system over the network. By supporting a plurality of file system protocols, such as the conventional Common Internet File System (CIFS) and the Network File System (NFS) protocols, the utility of the storage system is enhanced.
In order to improve reliability and facilitate disaster recovery in the event of a failure of a storage system, its associated disks or some portion of the storage infrastructure, it is common to mirror (or replicate) a data set comprising some or all of the underlying data and/or the file system that organizes the data. A data set comprises an area of defined storage which may have a mirroring relationship associated therewith. Examples of data sets include, e.g., a file system, a volume or a persistent consistency point image (PCPI), described further below.
In one example, a mirror is established and stored at a destination storage system, making it more likely that recovery is possible in the event of a true disaster (e.g. a flood, power outage, act of war, etc.) that may physically damage a source storage system location or its infrastructure. The mirror is updated at regular intervals, typically set by an administrator, in an effort to maintain the most recent changes to the file system on the destination storage system. That is, the storage systems cooperate to ensure that the mirror is consistent, i.e., that the mirror on the destination storage system contains identical data to that of the source storage system.
One common form of update involves the use of a "snapshot" process in which an active file system at the source storage system, consisting of inodes and blocks, is captured and the changes between two snapshots are transmitted over a network (such as the well-known Internet) to the remote destination storage system. By "active file system" it is meant the file system to which current input/output operations are being directed.
Note that the term "snapshot" is a trademark of Network Appliance, Inc. It is used for purposes of this patent to designate a persistent consistency point image (PCPI). A persistent consistency point image is a point in time representation of the storage system, and more particularly, of the active file system, stored on a storage device or in other persistent memory and having a name or other unique identifier that distinguishes it from other PCPIs taken at other points in time. A PCPI can also include other information (metadata) about the active file system at the particular point in time for which the image is taken. The terms PCPI and snapshot may be used interchangeably through out this patent without derogation of Network Appliance's trademark rights. The PCPI process is described in further detail in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/932,578, entitled INSTANT SNAPSHOT by Blake Lewis et al., TR3002 File System Design for an NFS File Server Appliance by David Hitz et al., published by Network Appliance, Inc., and in U.S. Pat. No. 5,819,292 entitled METHOD FOR MAINTAINING CONSISTENT STATES OF A FILE SYSTEM AND FOR CREATING USER-ACCESSIBLE READ-ONLY COPIES OF A FILE SYSTEM by David Hitz et al., which are hereby incorporated by reference.
An exemplary PCPI-based mirroring technique typically provides remote asynchronous replication or mirroring of changes made to a source file system in a destination replica file system. Broadly stated, the mirroring technique typically scans (via a scanner) the blocks that make up two versions of a PCPI of the source file system to identify latent divergence, i.e., changed blocks, in the respective PCPI files, based upon differences in vbns further identified in a scan of a logical file block index of each PCPI. Trees (e.g., buffer trees) of blocks associated with the files are traversed, bypassing unchanged pointers between versions, to identify the changes in the hierarchy of the trees. These changes are transmitted to the destination replica. This technique allows regular files, directories, inodes and any other hierarchical structure of trees to be efficiently scanned to determine differences (latent divergence) between versions thereof. A set number of PCPIs may be retained both on the source and destination file systems depending upon various time-based and other criteria.
Conventional mirroring and archival backup systems typically include processes to ensure that the data set is correctly mirrored, to thereby reduce the divergence of the replica (i.e. mirror) from the original source file system. However, errors may occur in the mirror due to, e.g., network, software and/or physical media malfunctions of the storage devices. As a result of such errors, the mirror is not identical to the source file system, which may cause data loss should an error condition occur on the source storage system. Additionally, the file systems on either the source or destination storage systems may experience an error condition. The file system error may be corrected by conventional file system error correction techniques; however, such correction may exacerbate mirror divergence. Additionally, as the destination is typically a read-only volume, to correct the destination requires that the mirroring relationship be broken and the destination volume converted to a read/write volume. To ensure that a correct mirror is on the destination storage system, a new mirroring relationship may need to be established that includes an initial baseline backup operation performed on the data set. Establishment of the mirroring relationship is computationally, I/O resource and network intensive, and does not guarantee that the administrator has retained one or more point in time mirrors of file system images previous to the establishment of the new mirroring relationship. That is, although the new mirror may be up to date, it does not reflect the contents of the mirrored source storage system at a previous point in time, thereby reducing the effectiveness of the mirror.
The disadvantages of the prior art are overcome by providing a system and method for verifying and correcting consistency of mirrored data sets between source and destination storage systems. The present invention is illustratively implemented as a "destination" verification module of a storage operating system executing on the destination storage system that cooperates with a "source" verification module executing on the source storage system.
The source verification module cooperates with the destination verification module to determine the most recent PCPI that is common between the source and destination storage systems. This most recent PCPI is then utilized in performing the verification/correction. Illustratively, the verification modules may perform a verification using a plurality of difference modes. In a first mode, a combined verification and repair procedure is executed. In a second mode, only a verification procedure is executed resulting in the need to execute a separate repair procedure should any data mismatches (inconsistencies) be identified. Furthermore, in an alternate embodiment, either the combined or separate verification/repair techniques may be utilized wherein only checksum information is forwarded over the network, in place of complete data blocks, thereby reducing network bandwidth consumption.
Once the most recent PCPI has been identified, the source verification module generates a data stream of either checksum information and/or the data blocks associated with that PCPI and all older PCPIs located on the source storage system and sends the data stream to the destination storage system. Upon recovering the data stream, the destination verification module compares the received blocks of data and/or checksums with the data associated with the PCPIs stored on the destination storage system. If the combined verify/repair procedure is performed and one or more data mismatches between the source and destination PCPIs are identified, the destination verification module corrects the destination PCPIs so that they are consistent with the source PCPIs.
The above and further advantages of the invention may be better understood by referring to the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which like reference numerals indicate identical or functionally similar elements:
In the particular example of a pair of networked source and destination storage systems, each storage system 110 and 112 can be any type of special-purpose computer (e.g., server) or general-purpose computer, including a standalone computer. Each storage system 110, 112 comprises a processor 120, a memory 125, a network adapter 130 and a storage adapter 140 interconnected by a system bus 145. Each storage system 110, 112 also includes a storage operating system 200 that manages data and may implement a file system to logically organize the information as a hierarchical structure of directories and files on the disks.
It will be understood to those skilled in the art that the inventive technique described herein may apply to any type of special-purpose computer (e.g., file serving appliance) or general-purpose computer, including a standalone computer, embodied as a storage system. An example of a storage system that may be advantageously used with the present invention is described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/215,917 titled, MULTI-PROTOCOL STORAGE APPLIANCE THAT PROVIDES INTEGRATED SUPPORT FOR FILE AND BLOCK ACCESS PROTOCOLS, filed on Aug. 8, 2002. Moreover, the teachings of this invention can be adapted to a variety of storage system architectures including, but not limited to, a network-attached storage (NAS) environment, a storage area network (SAN) and disk assembly directly-attached to a client or host computer. The term "storage system" should therefore be taken broadly to include such arrangements in addition to any subsystems configured to perform a storage function and associated with other equipment or systems.
In the illustrative embodiment, the memory 125 comprises storage locations that are addressable by the processor and adapters for storing software program code and data structures. The memory comprises a form of random access memory (RAM) that is generally cleared by a power cycle or other reboot operation (i.e., it is "volatile" memory). The processor and adapters may, in turn, comprise processing elements and/or logic circuitry configured to execute the software code and manipulate the data structures. The operating system 200, portions of which are typically resident in memory and executed by the processing elements, functionally organizes the storage system by, inter alia, invoking storage operations in support of a file service implemented by the storage system. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that other processing and memory means, including various computer readable media, may be used for storing and executing program instructions pertaining to the inventive technique described herein.
The network adapter 130 comprises the mechanical, electrical and signaling circuitry needed to connect each storage system 110, 112 to the network 118, which may comprise a point-to-point connection or a shared medium, such as a local area network. Each storage system may also be interconnected with one or more clients 170 via the network adapter 130. The clients transmit requests for file service to the source and destination storage systems 110, 112, respectively, and receive responses to the requests over a LAN or other network (118). The client 170 may communicate with the storage system over network 118 by exchanging discrete frames or packets of data according to predefined protocols, such as the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). Moreover, the client may interact with the storage system 110, 112 in accordance with a client/server model of information delivery. That is, the client may request the services of the storage system, and the system may return the results of the services requested by the client, by exchanging packets 155 over the network 118. The clients may issue packets including file-based access protocols, such as the Common Internet File System (CIFS) protocol or Network File System (NFS) protocol, over TCP/IP when accessing information in the form of files and directories. Alternatively, the client may issue packets including block-based access protocols, such as the Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI) protocol encapsulated over TCP (iSCSI) and SCSI encapsulated over Fibre Channel (FCP), when accessing information in the form of blocks.
The storage adapter 140 cooperates with the storage operating system 200 executing on the storage system to access information requested by the client. The information may be stored on the disks 160 that are attached, via the storage adapter 140 to each storage system 110, 112 or other node of a storage system as defined herein. The storage adapter 140 includes input/output (I/O) interface circuitry that couples to the disks over an I/O interconnect arrangement, such as a conventional high-performance, Fibre Channel serial link topology. The information may be stored on any type of attached array of writable storage device media such as video tape, optical, DVD, magnetic tape, bubble memory, electronic random access memory, micro-electro mechanical and any other similar media adapted to store information, including data and parity information. However, as illustratively described herein, the information is preferably stored on the disks 160, such as hard disk drivers (HDD) and/or direct attached storage devices (DASD).
Storage of information on disks 160 is preferably implemented as one or more storage "volumes" that comprise a collection of physical storage disks 160 cooperating to define an overall logical arrangement of volume block number (vbn) space on the volume(s). Each logical volume is generally, although not necessarily, associated with its own file system. The disks within a logical volume/file system are typically organized as one or more groups, wherein each group may be operated as a Redundant Array of Independent (or Inexpensive) Disks (RAID). Most RAID implementations, such as a RAID-4 level implementation, enhance the reliability/integrity of data storage through the redundant writing of data "stripes" across a given number of physical disks in the RAID group, and the appropriate storing of parity information with respect to the striped data. An illustrative example of a RAID implementation is a RAID-4 level implementation, although it should be understood that other types and levels of RAID implementations may be used in accordance with the inventive principles described herein.
To facilitate access to the disks 160, the storage operating system 200 illustratively implements a write-anywhere file system that cooperates with virtualization modules to "virtualize" the storage space provided by disks 160. The file system logically organizes the information as a hierarchical structure of named directories and files on the disks. Each "on-disk" file may be implemented as set of disk blocks configured to store information, such as data, whereas the directory may be implemented as a specially formatted file in which names and links to other files and directories are stored. The virtualization modules allow the file system to further logically organize information as a hierarchical structure of blocks on the disks that are exported as named logical unit numbers (luns).
In the illustrative embodiment, the storage operating system is illustratively the NetApp� Data ONTAP� operating system available from Network Appliance, Inc., Sunnyvale, Calif. that implements a Write Anywhere File Layout (WAFL�) file system. However, it is expressly contemplated that any appropriate storage operating system may be enhanced for use in accordance with the inventive principles described herein. As such, where the term "Data ONTAP" is employed, it should be taken broadly to refer to any storage operating system that is otherwise adaptable to the teachings of this invention.
An iSCSI driver layer 245 provides block protocol access over the TCP/IP network protocol layers, while a FC driver layer 240 receives and transmits block access requests and responses to and from the storage system. The FC and iSCSI drivers provide FC-specific and iSCSI-specific access control to the blocks and, thus, manage exports of luns to either iSCSI or FCP or, alternatively, to both iSCSI and FCP when accessing the blocks on the storage system. In addition, the storage operating system includes a disk storage module 260 embodied as a RAID system that manages the storage and retrieval of information to and from the volumes/disks in accordance with I/O operations, and a disk driver system 265 that implements a disk access protocol such as, e.g., the SCSI protocol.
Bridging the disk software layers with the integrated network protocol stack layers is a virtualization system 270 that is implemented by a file system interacting with virtualization modules illustratively embodied as, e.g., vdisk module 280 and SCSI target module 275. The vdisk module 280 is layered on the file system to enable access by administrative interfaces, such as a user interface (UI), in response to a user (system administrator) issuing commands to the storage system. The SCSI target is disposed between the FC and iSCSI drivers and the file system to provide a translation layer of the virtualization system between the block (lun) space and the file system space, where luns are represented as blocks.
The file system is illustratively a message-based system that provides logical volume management capabilities for use in access to the information stored on the storage devices, such as disks. That is, in addition to providing file system semantics, the file system provides functions normally associated with a volume manager. These functions include (i) aggregation of the disks, (ii) aggregation of storage bandwidth of the disks, and (iii) reliability guarantees, such as mirroring and/or parity (RAID). The file system illustratively implements the WAFL file system (hereinafter generally the "write-anywhere file system") having an on-disk format representation that is block-based using, e.g., 4 kilobyte (KB) blocks and using index nodes ("inodes") to identify files and file attributes (such as creation time, access permissions, size and block location). The file system uses files to store metadata describing the layout of its file system; these metadata files include, among others, an inode file. A file handle, i.e., an identifier that includes an inode number, is used to retrieve an inode from disk.
Broadly stated, all inodes of the write-anywhere file system are organized into the inode file. A file system (FS) info block specifies the layout of information in the file system and includes an inode of a file that includes all other inodes of the file system. Each logical volume (file system) has an FS info block that is preferably stored at a fixed location within, e.g., a RAID group. The inode of the root FS info block may directly reference (point to) blocks of the inode file or may reference indirect blocks of the inode file that, in turn, reference direct blocks of the inode file. Within each direct block of the inode file are embedded inodes, each of which may reference indirect blocks that, in turn, reference data blocks of a file.
Operationally, a request from the client is forwarded as a packet 155 over the computer network 118 and onto the storage system where it is received at the network adapter. A network driver (of layer 205 or layer 240) processes the packet and, if appropriate, passes it on to a network protocol and file access layer for additional processing prior to forwarding to the write-anywhere file system 285. Here, the file system generates operations to load (retrieve) the requested data from disk if it is not resident "in core," i.e., in memory 125. If the information is not in the memory, the file system indexes into the inode file using the inode number to access an appropriate entry and retrieve a logical vbn. The file system then passes a message structure including the logical vbn to the RAID system 260; the logical vbn is mapped to a disk identifier and disk block number (disk,dbn) and sent to an appropriate driver (e.g., SCSI) of the disk driver system 265. The disk driver accesses the dbn from the specified disk and loads the requested data block(s) in memory 125 for processing by the storage system. Upon completion of the request, the storage system (and operating system) returns a reply to the client over the network 118.
It should be noted that the software "path" through the storage operating system layers described above needed to perform data storage access for the client request received at the storage system may alternatively be implemented in hardware. That is, in an alternate embodiment of the invention, a storage access request data path may be implemented as logic circuitry embodied within a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC). This type of hardware implementation increases the performance of the storage service provided by storage system in response to a request issued by client 170. Moreover, in another alternate embodiment of the invention, the processing elements of adapters 130, 140 may be configured to offload some or all of the packet processing and storage access operations, respectively, from processor 120, to thereby increase the performance of the storage service provided by the system. It is expressly contemplated that the various processes, architectures and procedures described herein can be implemented in hardware, firmware or software.
As used herein, the term "storage operating system" generally refers to the computer-executable code operable to perform a storage function in a storage system, e.g., that manages data access and may, in the case of a file server, implement file system semantics. In this sense, the Data ONTAP software is an example of such a storage operating system implemented as a microkernel and including a file system 285 to implement the WAFL file system semantics and manage data access. The storage operating system can also be implemented as an application program operating over a general-purpose operating system, such as UNIX� or Windows XP�, or as a general-purpose operating system with configurable functionality, which is configured for storage applications as described herein.
The file system 285 also includes a set of PCPI processes 290 that enable the file system to generate PCPIs of the active file system, as described further below. Also included within the storage operating system 200 is a mirroring application module 295. The mirroring application module 295 illustratively generates appropriate mirrors of data sets and manages data backups in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In accordance with an illustrative embodiment of the present invention, a verification module 297 is associated with the mirroring application module 295. The verification module 297 illustratively performs verification and/or correction of errors in accordance with the teachings of the present invention, as described further below.
As noted above, in certain mirroring architectures, storage systems utilize PCPIs. For example, source storage system 110 ("source") may generate a baseline PCPI that is transferred to destination storage system 112 ("destination"). At a later point in time, the source storage system may generate a second PCPI. The mirroring application module 295 determines the changes between the baseline and the second PCPIs, with only those changes being transmitted to the destination, which may then update its file system and generate a second PCPI so that the baseline and second PCPIs are identical on both the source and destination.
PCPIs are generally created on some regular schedule that may be subject to great variation. In addition, the number of PCPIs retained by the storage system is highly variable. Under one storage scheme, a number of recent PCPIs is stored in succession (for example, a few days worth of PCPIs each taken at four-hour intervals), and a number of older PCPIs is retained at increasing time spacings (for example, a number of daily PCPIs for the previous week(s) and weekly PCPI for the previous few months). Each PCPI is stored on-disk along with the active file system, and is called into the memory 125 of the storage system as requested by the storage operating system 200 or mirroring application 295. However, it is contemplated that a variety of PCPI creation techniques and timing schemes can be implemented within the teachings of this invention.
An exemplary file system inode structure 300 according to an illustrative embodiment is shown in
When the file system generates a PCPI of a given file system, a PCPI root inode is generated as shown in
In accordance with an illustrative embodiment of the present invention, the mirroring application module 295 may permit the mirroring of various PCPIs between the source and destination. This may be due to, for example, incremental changes that are sent at various points in time, which are represented within the file systems as persistent consistency point images (PCPIs). Typically, a first PCPI is utilized to perform a baseline backup to the destination. At some later point in time a second PCPI is generated, which is compared with the first PCPI to generate a set of changes that is transferred to the destination.
The present invention provides a system and method for verifying and correcting consistency of mirrored data sets between source and destination storage systems. The present invention is illustratively implemented as a first verification module of a storage operating system executing on the destination storage system (the "destination verification module") that cooperates with a second verification module executing on the source storage system (the "source verification module").
The source verification module cooperates with the destination verification module by, e.g., exchanging messages, to determine the most recent PCPI that is common between the source and destination. This most recent PCPI is then utilized in performing the verification/correction. Illustratively, the verification modules may perform a verification using a plurality of difference modes. In a first mode, a combined verification and repair procedure is executed. In a second mode, only a verification procedure is executed resulting in the need to execute a separate repair procedure should any data mismatches (inconsistencies) be identified. Furthermore, in an alternate embodiment, either the combined or separate verification/repair techniques may be utilized wherein only checksum information is forwarded over the network, in place of complete data blocks, thereby reducing network bandwidth consumption.
Once the most recent PCPI has been identified, the source verification module generates a data stream of either checksum information and/or the data blocks associated with that PCPI or any older PCPIs located on the source and sends the data stream to the destination. Upon recovering the data stream, the destination verification module compares the received blocks of data and/or checksums with the data associated with the PCPIs stored on the destination. If the combined verify/repair procedure is performed and one or more data mismatches between the source and destination PCPIs are identified, the destination verification module corrects, by, e.g., overwriting the corrupted data with the correct data, the destination PCPIs so that it is consistent with the source PCPIs.
An exemplary CLI command to invoke the verification module is:
mirror check start [-F] [-L {data|checksum}] [-d<PCPI name>] [-S<source>]<destination>
where mirror check start specifies that the checking functionality of the mirroring application should be initiated. The -F option starts a correction repair process (fixer). If the -F option is not selected, a verification (or checking) process is initiated instead, as described further below. The -L option permits the administrator to select a data comparison level, namely either data or checksum. The data level causes all data blocks to be compared on a byte-by-byte basis. The checksum level utilizes RAID checksums to compare data blocks, which expedites the verification procedure, but may be less accurate. The -d option enables the administrator to identify a specific PCPI by name that is to be used on the destination. The -S option permits an administrator to identify a source storage system and volume. It should be noted that the CLI command verifies that the identified source is in a mirror relationship before executing. Thus, should an administrator identify a source that is not in a mirroring relationship, the command fails. The destination field identifies the destination volume that is to be verified.
In response, the destination verification module, in step 615, sends an identifier of the most recent PCPI on the destination to the source. Illustratively, if the destination's most recent PCPI is not available on the source due to, e.g., deletion, then the source and destination verification modules perform a negotiation routine to identify the most recent common PCPI between the source and destination. Once the most recent common PCPI has been identified, the source verification module, in step 625, generates and transmits a data stream of data blocks that comprise the most recent common PCPI and all data blocks that are part of any older PCPI on the source to the destination. The destination verification module receives the blocks and, in step 630, compares the received blocks with the PCPIs stored on the destination file system. If there are no mismatches, i.e., the received data blocks match the data stored within the destination file system, the procedure continues to step 640 where the destination verification module displays a report to the administrator showing that there were no mismatches. The procedure 600 then completes in step 645.
However, if in step 630, one or more mismatches occur, i.e., the received data blocks do not match the data stored on the destination file system, then the destination verification module updates the destination file system using the data from the received blocks in step 635 so that the destination file system is consistent with the source file system. The destination verification module then displays a report to the administrator in step 640 before the procedure 600 completes in step 640.
However, if in step 930, the destination verification module detects one or more mismatches between the received checksums and the checksums stored within the destination file system, then the procedure branches to step 935 where the destination verification module requests the blocks associated with the mismatched RAID checksums from the source. The source verification module sends the requested blocks, in step 940, to the destination verification module, which utilizes the received blocks to update the destination file system in step 945 so that it is consistent with the source file system. The destination verification module then displays a report to the administrator in step 950 before the procedure completes in step 955.
The foregoing description has been directed to specific embodiments of this invention. It will be apparent, however, that other variations and modifications may be made to the described embodiments, but the attainment of some or all of their advantages. For instance, it is expressly contemplated that the teachings of this invention can be implemented as software, including a computer-readable medium having program instructions executing on a computer, hardware, firmware, or a combination thereof. Accordingly, this description is to be taken by way of example of and not to otherwise limit the scope of the invention. Therefore, it is the object of the appended claims to cover all such variations and modifications as come within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
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Prediction of beta-turns at over 80% accuracy based on an ensemble of predicted secondary structures and multiple alignments
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
BMC Bioinformatics 2008, 9:430 doi:10.1186/1471-2105-9-430Published: 10 October 2008
β-turn is a secondary protein structure type that plays significant role in protein folding, stability, and molecular recognition. To date, several methods for prediction of β-turns from protein sequences were developed, but they are characterized by relatively poor prediction quality. The novelty of the proposed sequence-based β-turn predictor stems from the usage of a window based information extracted from four predicted three-state secondary structures, which together with a selected set of position specific scoring matrix (PSSM) values serve as an input to the support vector machine (SVM) predictor.
We show that (1) all four predicted secondary structures are useful; (2) the most useful information extracted from the predicted secondary structure includes the structure of the predicted residue, secondary structure content in a window around the predicted residue, and features that indicate whether the predicted residue is inside a secondary structure segment; (3) the PSSM values of Asn, Asp, Gly, Ile, Leu, Met, Pro, and Val were among the top ranked features, which corroborates with recent studies. The Asn, Asp, Gly, and Pro indicate potential β-turns, while the remaining four amino acids are useful to predict non-β-turns. Empirical evaluation using three nonredundant datasets shows favorable Qtotal, Qpredicted and MCC values when compared with over a dozen of modern competing methods. Our method is the first to break the 80% Qtotal barrier and achieves Qtotal = 80.9%, MCC = 0.47, and Qpredicted higher by over 6% when compared with the second best method. We use feature selection to reduce the dimensionality of the feature vector used as the input for the proposed prediction method. The applied feature set is smaller by 86, 62 and 37% when compared with the second and two third-best (with respect to MCC) competing methods, respectively.
Experiments show that the proposed method constitutes an improvement over the competing prediction methods. The proposed prediction model can better discriminate between β-turns and non-β-turns due to obtaining lower numbers of false positive predictions. The prediction model and datasets are freely available at http://biomine.ece.ualberta.ca/BTNpred/BTNpred.html webcite.


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Parragon Little Learners Baby'S First Buggy Books. Colours/Numbers
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