text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Mar 14, 2000
|Filing date
|Feb 20, 1998
|Priority date
|Mar 11, 1993
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Daniel A. Jannette, Edwin M. Allen, Mark F. Burnard, Jamie L. Crenshaw, Curtis R. DeSaele, Michael E. Hill, Gerald O. Morrison, Sonia Raheja, William G. Szuch, Paul W. Vickers, Mark S. Zaun
|Original Assignee
|Lear Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (7), Referenced by (62), Classifications (13), Legal Events (9)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/518,577 filed on Aug. 23, 1995, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,761,063, which is a continuation of Ser. No. 08/029,831, filed Mar. 11, 1993, now abandoned.
The present invention relates to design and engineering project management systems and, more particularly, to a computerized system for the integrated planning and implementation of a multi-component product design and engineering project.
The design and engineering of a multi-component product, such as an automobile, typically involves the simultaneous product development activities of many, often technically diverse, business groups. Such projects are often marked by failure to meet various project objectives, such as production costs and time schedules, and may result in the design of components which are incompatible with the overall product.
Several factors contribute to the failure to meet overall product design and production objectives in a multi-component product manufacturing project. A product design and engineering project for complex products such as an automobile is typically subdivided among separate operating groups, often separate business entities, each of which has responsibility for one or more components (or subsystems) of the product. For example, one group may be responsible for the design and engineering of the powertrain components of a vehicle, another group for the electrical system, another group for the body structure, another for the interior, another for the exterior, another group for the chassis, etc.
While some overall vehicle, subsystem, and component objectives may be established at the onset of the project, each of the groups often completes the design and/or engineering of their subsystem by changing or sacrificing one or more of their objectives, or changing the design or process of production for their subsystem, without communicating the changes to the other groups or to those responsible for the completed product. While these changes may be acceptable to the group responsible for the particular subsystem, the effect of these changes on other related subsystems, and a cumulative impact of changes on the overall product is often not appreciated or considered until late in the project.
Variation in the objectives and/or strategies of a particular group during the project may also affect the ability of another group to reach its objectives. For example, a slight, but non-critical change in the design of a sidewall trim component might be implemented without jeopardizing any of the objectives for that component. However, that change may create a fatal incompatibility with the instrument panel component of the same vehicle. Thus, the failure to timely communicate changes in design and/or implementation by the individual groups can have a ripple affect on the other groups which, if discovered too late in the project, can contribute to the failure of one or more of the groups in meeting their objectives.
Similarly, while a cost overrun, an increase in component weight, or a subtle change in design of a particular component may result in a particular group meeting the majority of their stated objectives within an acceptable variance, the cumulative affect of these variances may result in an unexpected failure to meet overall vehicle objectives. For example, each group might meet all of its objectives except for cost, resulting in an unacceptable overrun on the entire project. Alternatively, if enough groups exceed their weight objectives, though by a relatively small amount, the cumulative affect may be a vehicle that is significantly, and unacceptably, overweight.
These problems, inherent in the production of a multi-component product, underscore a need for clearly defined system and component objectives that meet the overall vehicle definition at the onset.
There is also a need to identify the diverse but interrelated interests and goals of each of the separate operating groups and/or business entities involved in the project.
There is also a need to monitor and assess performance in relation to each group's stated objectives during the project.
There is also a need for facilitating communication between the separate groups at all times during the project so the impact of changes in one group's strategy and/or objectives on any other group can be identified early in the process.
There is also a need for communication by each of the groups to the overall product management level of variances in the objectives and/or strategies implemented by the groups, so that the impact of such variations on the overall product can be quickly identified and assessed.
Finally, there is a need for a comprehensive integrated management system which identifies and tracks overall and individual group objectives and strategies for meeting those objectives, and which evaluates each group's progress, and the effects of that progress and/or any variances in the group's strategies or objectives on the other groups, and on the overall project, on an ongoing basis.
One object of the present invention is to provide a design and engineering project planning and management system which ensures an integrated and coordinated implementation of a multi-component design and engineering project.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a system for integrated planning and implementation of a multi-component design and engineering project which identifies a clearly defined overall product definition and objectives.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a multi-component project management system which identifies clearly defined objectives for each of the subsystems and components of the overall product.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a project management system which identifies one or more strategies which may be implemented to achieve the objectives identified for each subsystem and/or component of the overall product.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a project management system which provides ongoing monitoring and evaluation of the performance of each of the groups responsible for subsystems and/or components so that potential problem areas can be quickly identified and avoided.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a project management system having a user interface which provides quick and easy access to project evaluations and project data at varying levels of detail for the entire vehicle, the individual vehicle systems, subsystems, and components.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a project management system which identifies the interrelation of one subsystem and/or component to the other and which quickly communicates changes of one group's project objectives and/or strategies to affected groups to minimize any problems created thereby.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a project management system which provides a standardized process for simultaneous product development by each of the groups responsible for development of one or more subsystems and/or components of that product.
A still further object of the present invention is to provide a project management system which integrates diverse interests and groups into a comprehensive system design and implementation program to yield a finished product which satisfies the overall product objectives and meets the product definition.
According to the present invention, a system for planning and managing a multi-component product design and engineering project is provided. The system includes a computer having a microprocessor, program memory, data storage memory, one or more displays, logic for identifying overall product objectives and means for displaying each of the objectives, logic for identifying group objectives relating to each of one or more subsystems or components of the overall product, and means for displaying each of these group objectives, logic for identifying one or more strategies for achieving the group objectives, and means for displaying each of the strategies, logic for monitoring the performance of each group during the project by measuring progress toward that group's stated objectives, and means for displaying a graphical indication of each group's progress toward its objectives.
The system of the present invention also preferably includes logic for evaluating the alternative strategies defined for a group and comparing the current progress of the alternative strategy towards the stated objectives with the current progress of the chosen strategy, and means for displaying a graphical indication of the current status of each of the competing alternative strategies for a group.
The system of the present invention also preferably includes logic for tracking those components or factors in one group's strategy which affect another group's strategy, and communicating any variance in the status of each group's objectives to other groups affected by such variances. This system also preferably includes logic for weighing each of the predefined factors for each strategy on an ongoing basis and determining when an alternative strategy is preferable, and means for graphically indicating the new optimal strategy for each group necessitated by that group or another group's changing objectives during the project implementation.
The above objects and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention are readily apparent from the following detailed description of the best mode for carrying out the invention when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating the information flow in a typical organizational structure for a design/engineering project using the project management system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a more detailed organizational structure for a typical design/engineering project;
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the project management system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a vehicle objectives window;
FIG. 5 is a system objectives window;
FIG. 6 is a component objectives window;
FIG. 7 is an alternative component display;
FIG. 8 is a system build strategies window;
FIG. 9 is a subsystem build strategies evaluation window;
FIG. 10 is a system interface/integration objectives window;
FIG. 11 is a subsystem assembly interface window;
FIG. 12 is a components interface detail window;
FIG. 13 is a system interface/matrix;
FIG. 14 is a vehicle summary window;
FIG. 15 is a chassis system summary window;
FIG. 16 is a HVAC system summary window;
FIG. 17 is a powertrain system summary window;
FIG. 18 is an interior system summary window;
FIG. 19 is an exterior system summary window;
FIG. 20 is an electrical system summary window;
FIG. 21 is a body-in-white system summary window;
FIG. 22 is a system variable costs detail window;
FIG. 23 is a system investment detail window;
FIG. 24 is a system timing window;
FIG. 25 is a system mass detail window;
FIG. 26 is an example of graphical data illustrating projected variable costs for the body-in-white group for a selected period of the project;
FIG. 27 is an assembly process window;
FIG. 28 is an objectives status sub-window;
FIG. 29 is a supplier selection window;
FIG. 30 is an alternative vehicle summary window;
FIG. 31 is another alternative embodiment of a vehicle summary window;
FIG. 32 is a multi-display embodiment of the present invention showing a plurality of system windows;
FIG. 33 is a multi-display embodiment of the present invention showing subsystem windows; and
FIG. 34 is a multi-display embodiment of the present invention showing component windows.
Referring to FIG. 1, the project management system of the present invention is a computer-based project information management tool useful in the design and engineering of multi-component products, such as automotive vehicles. The structure of an organization involved in the design and engineering of a multi-component product, such as a vehicle, is characterized by separate groups or teams, often from different disciplines, and with responsibilities ranging from the design and engineering of the entire vehicle to the design and engineering of a single one of its thousands of parts.
The management system of the present invention provides an environment in which the team responsible for the entire vehicle, the vehicle program team 40, as well as each of the vehicle system teams 42, subsystem teams 44, and component teams 46 can define, quantify, and prioritize vehicle, system, subsystem and component objectives, as well as monitor the status of each team's progress toward these objectives during the project in an integrated fashion.
The system of the present provides an inter-face which allows for the quick and easy access of project information, ranging from high level, total vehicle status information to details, such as current expected variable costs for particular components. This information is organized and presented by the system in such a manner that all project teams are able to obtain continual, integrated feedback of the progress of the project at all levels.
As shown in greater detail in FIG. 2, the management structure for a vehicle design/engineering program typically includes a vehicle program team 40 having members representing all of the diverse business and technical disciplines involved in the design, engineering, manufacturing, production and sale of the product. These program stake holders are preferably all involved in defining the project objective at the total vehicle level.
In the product example shown, the next layer of project management typically comprises a plurality of vehicle system groups 42, such as the powertrain, chassis, body structure and exterior, interior, and electrical groups. The next layer of the project organization which is typically integrated into the project management system are the subsystem groups 44, referred to as product development teams (PDT's). These groups have responsibility for system subassemblies within the different vehicle system teams 42. The next layer of organization typically comprises component assembly teams 46 which are responsible for the design and engineering of the component assemblies which are integrated by the project development teams into the system subassemblies. Another lower level product management team, the component team 48, may have responsibility for the design and engineering of individual components.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, depending on the type and complexity of the product, a design and engineering project supported by the system of the present invention may have greater or fewer organizational sub-levels depending on the number and complexity of the components which make up the product. Regardless of the size of the organizational structure, the project management system of the present invention provides a tool for organizing a consistent, integrated, and objective product, subassembly, and component definition. In addition, the interface provided by the system allows for integrated monitoring and tracking during the execution of the project at all levels of the organization, thereby providing the opportunity for implementing and optimizing product strategy.
Referring now to FIG. 3, the project management system of the present invention, generally referred to as 50, includes a computer having one or more microprocessors 52, program memory 54, storage memory 56, program logic 58, at least one data input means such as a keyboard 60 and/or a mouse 62, and one or more displays 64,66. The system includes logic for identifying overall project objectives and means for displaying each of these objectives, logic for identifying group objectives relating to each of one or more subsystems or components of the overall product and means for displaying each of these group objectives, logic for identifying one or more strategies for achieving group objectives and means for displaying each of the strategies, and logic for monitoring the performance of each group during the project by recording progress toward that group's stated objectives and displaying each group's progress in a graphical form.
The system may also include a scanner (not shown) for scanning in graphics for use in the system's displays.
The system also preferably includes logic for simultaneously monitoring any alternative strategies, evaluating those strategies and displaying the evaluation factors and results for the alternative strategies to facilitate quick examination of project progress and suggest selection of the optimal strategy for achieving the project objectives.
The system also preferably includes logic for identifying system-to-system and component-to-component interrelationships, monitoring the change in status of the interfaces, evaluating the affect of any change in the interfaces based upon predefined factors, and displaying the evaluation factors and results for each interface.
In one embodiment, the system is implemented on a conventional personal computer having a Motorola 80486 microprocessor (or functional equivalent) utilizing a conventional spreadsheet program, such as Quatro Pro� by Borland, in a Microsoft Windows� operating environment. It is contemplated, however, that more complex implementations of the system for a product including, for example, thousands of component parts, and with many objectives, alternative strategies, and many system-to-system and component-to-component interfaces, would be implemented on a larger computer having 100 megabytes or more of storage memory, a plurality of displays, and wherein the logic is implemented using a more versatile programming language such as C, CH, or Fortran. It is also contemplated that the system may utilize and/or incorporate other project management software such as, for example, Viewpoint�, to perform some of the system functions described herein, or to provide adjunct functions consistent with the project management objectives of this system.
The display means for the system of the present invention preferably includes multiple windows which may be easily selected, resized, and/or moved to provide quick and easy access to project information at all the various levels of detail. In one embodiment, the interface is implemented in the Microsoft Windows� environment. These windows may be called by a predetermined keystroke for display on a single CRT display 64, or may be displayed on one of a plurality displays (shown as displays 64 and 66 in FIG. 3 or as displays 150 in FIGS. 32-34) to facilitate the rapid desemination of project information to the system operator.
The system 50 of the present invention preferably provides a plurality of "Objectives" windows which, when activated by the operator, allow for input, and subsequent review, of project objectives, display the targets established for those objectives, and an indication of the current status regarding that objective.
The Vehicle Objectives window 68 of FIG. 4 illustrates some typical objectives which might be defined by the project stakeholders at the vehicle team level. Typical business objectives include variable costs, investment costs and assembly hours targets. Typical technical objectives include a total vehicle mass, fuel economy, reliability, quality, assembly processing and tooling costs and manufacturing processing and tooling costs targets.
It should be noted that the units for measuring progress toward the objectives may vary according to the nature of the objective. For example, cost objectives would typically be quantified in dollars, vehicle mass in pounds, fuel economy in miles per gallon, and timing objectives in any one of the generally accepted units of time, such as weeks, months, man-weeks or man-months. Other traditionally non-quantitative objectives such as quality or reliability might be measured in arbitrary units established and defined by the project teams. However these objectives are measured, it is preferable that the same units be used by each of the teams to allow for easy integration of the data at and across all levels of the project.
In addition to defining objectives and quantifying targets for the objectives, the system preferably allows for a weighting or prioritization of the individual objectives. This may be illustrated on the Vehicle Objectives window 68, for example, merely by the order in which the objectives appear on the list, or by color-coding the objective to indicate the relative importance to the project.
FIG. 5 illustrates another objectives window, the System Objectives window 70. The system 50 preferably includes a plurality of System Objectives windows 70, corresponding to each of the system teams included in the project, such as, for example, power-train, chassis, body, interior, electrical, etc. As with the Vehicle Objectives window 68, each System Objectives window 70 includes the common objectives established by the vehicle team stakeholders, the targets established for those objectives for the particular system team, and the status of the system team's progress toward meeting the objectives.
It preferably includes additional objectives establishing a more detailed criteria for meeting the more general vehicle objectives. For example, the interior systems group might establish noise level and ergonomics objectives and targets (shown at 72) which form additional objective criteria for assessing the overall quality objectives for the system team. Similarly, an additional level of more detailed objectives (shown at 74) such as front seat leg room, shoulder room, etc. might be established as further quantitative criteria defining the ergonomics objective.
FIG. 6 illustrates a Component Objectives window 74. The system 50 typically includes a plurality of Component Objectives windows corresponding to each of the component teams of the project. Again, the window would illustrate all of the objectives which are common to that component team's system team and the vehicle team, as well as additional objectives establishing more detailed criteria for those common objectives.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that additional objective windows would typically be provided for each of the teams at each of the levels in the project structure. For example, in the vehicle project illustrated in FIG. 2, the system 50 would include a series of subsystem objectives windows (not shown), each corresponding to the product development team comprising the subsystem groups 44. As will also be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the objectives windows 68, 70 and 74 of the present invention allow project personnel utilizing the system 50 to review the targets and status of the project quickly and easily, and at selected levels of detail by simply switching from window to window. The establishment of common objectives and criteria for measuring progress toward the associated targets for those objectives provides a comprehensive, integrated view of the status of the project.
FIG. 7 illustrates a component display 76 which may be provided by the system 50 of the present invention to indicate some or all of the components in a particular component group, along with the associated component objectives. This display preferably consists of a view (usually a perspective view) of the particular component 78 accompanied by a reduced-sized component objectives display 80 associated with that component. This display provides the operator with information relating to objectives and the current status is attaining those objectives, for each component. As an alternative, or in addition to, the component display shown in FIG. 7, an alternative components display (not shown) may be provided by the system 50 which, in the format shown in FIG. 7, displays a view of each of the alternative designs for one particular component along with the component objectives for each of the alternative designs. In addition to quickly determining the status for that component, the operator could also then view the alternative designs and objectives which might be considered in the event a particular component proves unacceptable.
Referring now to FIG. 8, the system 50 may also provide a system Build Strategies window 82, which identifies the currently "selected" build strategy for a product, as well as any alternative strategies and/or rejected strategies developed for the product. The System Build Strategies window 82 typically includes a plurality of sub-windows, each corresponding to a step in the assembly sequence or a sub-assembly at each of a plurality of assembly stations. The hypothetical product shown in FIG. 8 illustrates various generic sub-assemblies such as the assembly of the base portion of the product (Step 1), integrating the major operating portion of the product with the base (at Step 2), and assembly of an exterior shell structure with the operating portion and base portion of the product (Steps 3-6). The Build Stragegies window could also be subdivided by project group (such as each vehicle systems group) with each column representing that project group's portion of the product assembly.
FIG. 8 illustrates the current selected build strategy for the imaginary product at the top row of the window with sub-windows 84-94 showing six major assembly steps. In addition, alternative build strategies and/or assembly sequences are illustrated in the additional sub-windows 96. Alternative Build Strategies for sequences for components can also be shown in intermediate fashion, such as the pre-assembly of various top outer shell components shown in sub-window 95. In this manner, a different manner or sequence of assembly of components can be displayed for consideration. Rejected build strategies may also be illustrated, as shown in sub-windows 98.
As shown in FIG. 8, each of the individual component assembly strategies may be represented by a unique graphic icon associated with the strategy. Alternatively, the sub-windows 84-98 for each of the strategies could be a miniature representation of the System Objectives window corresponding to that strategy. Further information about each strategy may be quickly obtained by clicking on the sub-window corresponding to the selected strategy. This further information could be in the form of a full-sized objectives window corresponding to the selected build strategy. In the alternative, the Subsystem Build strategies window for the selected build strategy could be displayed.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that a plurality of Build Strategies windows may be provided, corresponding to each group level of a project, such as subsystems and component assemblies. These build strategy displays may be integrated as described above, thereby allowing an operator to view, for example, the current build strategy for the vehicle, click-on the interior system to view the current build strategy for each of the subsystems which comprise the interior, and again click-on one of the subsystem build strategies to view, for example, the current build strategy for the instrument panel. Again, in a matter of clicks or keystrokes, a system operator can view the current and alternative build strategies, as well as the status of each of the group's implementing those strategies at every level of detail in the project. In addition, the operator can view the objectives displays corresponding to various alternative build strategies to determine whether, for example, the targets for alternative strategies might indicate adoption of that strategy as the newly selected strategy in light of the current status of the project.
Referring to FIG. 9, the system 50 of the present invention also preferably includes Subsystem Build Strategies Evaluation windows 100. As with the system builds strategies window 82, the subsystem strategies evaluation window 100 includes graphic indicia 102-106 of each of the alternative subsystems in a particular group.
In the example shown in FIG. 9, three alternative front bumper assemblies are shown graphically in sub-windows 102-106. These graphic indicia of the alternative assemblies may be in the form of simplified exploded perspective views of the assemblies or in other iconic forms which suitably differentiate between the alternatives. Associated with each alternative assembly are objective comparison graphs 108-124 which graphically indicate the current status of each objective relative to the target. For example, sub-window 108 illustrates a variable cost graph for alternative number one indicating a targeted variable cost at $70.00 for the assembly, at 126, and a currently estimated variable cost of between $100 and $120.00.
The graphic indication of the current status of the variable cost in sub-window 108 is preferably color-coded, for example in red, to indicate that it is unacceptably high. Thus, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the variable costs for each of the alternative assemblies shown in sub-windows 102-106 can be quickly compared by viewing sub-windows 108-112.
In the example shown in FIG. 9, alternative three appears to be the current optimal alternative on the basis of variable cost. Some or all of the other objectives may be compared in graphical form in a like manner, such as are shown in the investment costs sub-windows 114-118 and mass sub-windows 120-124. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, where many objective sub-windows are displayed, each sub-window can be displayed in a downsized, iconic representation which can be "zoomed" to a readable size by pointing and clicking the mouse on the desired sub-window (or by other predefined keystrokes). Similarly, a subset of the sub-windows, such as each of the variable cost windows for each of the alternative subassemblies displayed, may simultaneously be enlarged to provide for quick comparison of a common objective among the competing strategies.
Another type of display provided by the system 50 of the present invention is the Interface/Integration Objectives window 126. As with the other objectives displays 68, 70 and 74, the system preferably provides a plurality of Interface Integration Objectives windows corresponding to interface/integration objectives at each level of the project. For example, FIG. 10 illustrates a Systems Interface Integration Objectives window. This display might identify fit and finish interface objectives for the exterior system team. These interface objectives typically include physical interface tolerance objectives, functional integration, and timing objectives. The identification of interfaces, particularly across groups, is critical to overall project integration. For example, merely identifying the fit objective for an instrument panel in the Interface/Integration Objectives window for the side panel subsystem team allows for integration of the instrument panel subsystem team's objectives with the side panel subsystem team. Likewise, identifying an interface objective in the instrument panel subsystem team that the side wall have a critical dimension at the potential physical interface of the side wall with the instrument panel, identifies a potential design incompatibility which otherwise might not be discovered by the instrument panel subsystem team.
FIG. 11 is a Subsystem Assembly Interface window 128. This window provides a comprehensive display of the interface for a particular subassembly depicted in window 130, and a plurality of components interface detail windows 132, each of which displays detail information relating to a particular interface point in the subassembly shown in window 130. The component interface detail windows 132 may be enlarged, preferably by locating the mouse indicator and clicking on the desired window, to clearly display the interface objectives to the operator. An enlarged component interface detail window 132 is illustrated in FIG. 12.
Referring to FIG. 13, the system 50 may provide a system/Zone Interface Matrix window 134 which graphically displays the interrelationship of the system (or subsystem) teams. By utilizing a color-coded matrix, the system 50 can remind the operator that, at 136, there is a significant interrelationship between subsystem team B of the electrical system team (e.g. electronic control modules group), and subsystem team A of the powertrain system (e.g. the emission control system group). By accessing the appropriate interface/integration objectives display for those groups, a project team member can then quickly identify how the two subsystems are interrelated and what effect the current status of the interrelated objectives might have on each of the groups.
In an alternative embodiment, logic can be provided to determine the current status of, for example, each objective of a particular subsystem which potentially affects the objective of another subsystem and, on the basis of predefined criteria interrelating these objectives, produce a vehicle system/zone interface matrix which is color-coded to indicate the current status of the interface. For example, the system could track the critical physical dimensions of the currently selected instrument panel design and compare that critical dimension with the corresponding critical dimension of the currently selected door trim design and, if the dimensions exceed a predefined threshold, indicate the potential physical incompatibility by displaying that block in the matrix corresponding to the interface of those two subsystems teams in red. If the comparison indicates no physical incompatibility, the corresponding block on the interface matrix would be displayed in green. If the critical dimensions are within some predefined range, the interface matrix might display the corresponding block as yellow. Thus, a potential interface problem can be quickly identified, even where the status of each of the group's project indicates that their own objectives are on target.
Referring now to FIG. 14, the system 50 preferably also includes a System Summary window 138 which allows the operator to discover the status of each of the vehicle systems' progress toward meeting their respective objectives. In the System Summary window 138 shown, the vehicle objectives are listed on the vertical axis 140, and each of the vehicle systems are listed on the horizontal axis 142, defining a matrix into which graphic indicia of the status of each system's progress toward each objective is displayed. In the display of FIG. 14, the graphic indicia are simply one of three color dots, with a red dot indicating that that particular system is not currently on track to meet that particular objective. The yellow dot indicates that obtaining the objective is in doubt, while a green dot indicates that the respective system group is currently expected to meet their respective objectives.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various different criteria can be utilized to establish whether a particular group is failing, in doubt, or succeeding in meeting its objectives. For example, the status indicator at 144 reflects that the chassis team is currently on track to meet their mass objectives. The criteria for a green status might be that the total expected chassis mass is less than the target. For example, each of the chassis subsystems (displayed in FIG. 15) current expected mass is less than their respective targets, yielding a green status for chassis system mass. Another alternative criteria might be a weighted percentage of each of the subsystems, or a user-defined series of ranges of variance from the target, with, for example, green status indicating that all subsystems are within 10% of their target mass, yellow status indicating that all subsystems are within 15%, and red status indicating that one (or more as defined) of the subsystems is greater than 20% in excess of its mass target.
It will also be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various algorithms can be developed for each objective for determining the status of that objective. Indeed, the system 50 allows for the user to define the criteria and/or create algorithms for determining the status of these objectives, thereby providing a significant degree of flexibility in tailoring the application of the system to the particular project with which it is utilized. Once defined, the System Summary window provides a simple yet comprehensive picture of the status of the entire system.
The system 50 can also be adapted to provide instant access to more detailed displays from the System Summary window 138. For example, by clicking on any one of the system labels on the horizontal axis 142, the corresponding Sub-system Summary window (illustrated in FIGS. 15-21) could be displayed. Similarly, the system can be provided with the capability of generating, for example, one of the System Details windows (shown in FIGS. 22-25) whenever the operator clicks on the dot corresponding to that particular objective and system in the System Summary window 138.
The system 50 also preferably provides a plurality of status displays for each of the individual vehicle sub-systems, such as the Chassis Summary window 146 illustrated in FIG. 15. In the embodiment shown, the Chassis Summary window 146 identifies each of the system (and/or sub-system) objectives on the vertical axis and the total chassis system and chassis subsystems on the horizontal axis. In this display, the actual current status of each objective is displayed in green where the subsystem or system is on target to meet that objective, and a -1 is displayed in red where the chassis system or one of its subsystems is not currently expected to meet its respective target for that objective. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the system 50 might alternatively display actual values, color-coded, or with some other graphic indicia of the progress (or lack of progress) toward meeting each objective.
The Chassis Summary window 146 of FIG. 15, as well as the HVAC Summary window 148, Powertrain 150, Interior 152, Exterior 154, Electrical 156, and Body-in-White 158 of FIGS. 16-21, provide the system operator with an additional level of detail for each of the vehicle systems and their subsystems along with a summary indication of the current status for each of the subsystems.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, the System Summary window of FIG. 14, and each of the sub-system Summary windows of FIGS. 15-21 can be modified to provide various additional information, or to provide the same information using different graphical indicia of the progress of each of the groups toward attaining their objectives. Also, depending on the size of the project, summary displays may also be generated by the system 50 for each of the component level groups. In this manner, the operator can quickly review the current status of the project at all levels.
Referring now to FIGS. 22-25, an additional level of project detail may be provided in detail displays such as, for example, the Variable Cost Detail window 160, Investment Detail window 162, Timing window 164, and Mass Detail window 166.
In the Variable Costs Detail window 160 shown in FIG. 22, a spread sheet of a series of estimates and variable costs for the entire vehicle and each of its systems at various stages of the product is provided, along with the targets and the total variable costs estimated at various stages in the project. This detail sheet can be used to gauge trends as well as to ascertain the current variable cost information for the project.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that detail windows for each objective may be provided by the system 50, allowing an operator quick access to detailed breakdowns of project data by system, subsystems, and components in a series of mouse clicks or keystrokes.
As shown in FIG. 26, the data contained in each of the detail windows 160-166 may also be displayed graphically, as shown for example in the Graphs window 170, providing a snapshot of the trend of a particular group's progress in reaching a particular objective. These graphs might be obtained by clicking on the "graphs" buttons 168 provided in each of the detail displays shown in FIGS. 21-25, or by any series of predefined keystrokes.
FIGS. 27 and 28 illustrate a component assembly process window 172 which depicts the assembly process for one or more component assembly groups. Each of the steps in the assembly process is depicted as a sub-window 174-188. The sub-windows are arranged to display the timing of the assembly, with graphic indicia in each of the sub-windows indicating the components involved in each step of the process. An objectives sub-window 190 (shown enlarged in FIG. 28) lists the objectives associated with each assembly step along with some graphic indicia of the status of those objectives. As with the other windows generated by the system 50, a mouse click or a series of keystrokes may be utilized to produce additional information relating to any of the components depicted in the sub-windows 174-188.
Referring now to FIG. 29, the system 50 may provide a Supplier Summary window 192 which identifies supplier objectives (such as those displayed in the vertical axis) and potential suppliers (displayed in the horizontal axis) forming a matrix including graphic indicia of how each supplier rates in its capability to achieve the defined objectives. In the Supplier Summary window 192 shown, various graphic indicia are utilized. For example, stoplight icons 194 may be utilized to provide simple three-color-coded rating, where green indicates acceptability, yellow indicates doubtful capability, and red indicates a lack of capability. Color-coded bar graphs 196 and color-coded line graphs 198 may also be utilized to provide simple graphic indication of each supplier's capability, allowing for quick comparison of suppliers. Again, as with other summary windows, additional detail may be displayed by the system in response to clicking on a selected sub-window (194-198) or in response to other predefined keystrokes.
FIG. 30 illustrates an alternative Vehicle Summary window 200 wherein graphical icons are utilized to identify the vehicle systems. Again, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various forms of the displays may be utilized without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Referring now to FIG. 31, an alternative form of Vehicle Summary window 202 may be generated by the system 50 which utilizes a series of more detailed graphs 204-212 to indicate the status of each of the systems toward meeting their respective objectives. In the Vehicle Summary window 202 shown, a series of business objectives are indicated along with the vehicle targets for each of those objectives (at 214). Each of the systems' status is graphically displayed in a series of graphs 204-212 which are preferably color-coded (not shown) to indicate whether the current status meets the objective, is in doubt, or is unacceptable. Again, various criteria can be established for determining whether a particular system satisfies its objectives. Also, as with the other windows supported by the system 50 of the present invention, additional detail may be obtained by the operator by positioning the mouse pointer over, for example, one of the graphs 204-212, or by other predefined keystrokes. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, as with the other summary windows supported by the system 50, the Vehicle Summary window 202 provides an integrated look at each of the systems' progress toward the commonly objectives as well as the cumulative vehicle targets for each of these objectives.
In an alternative large scale, multi-display embodiment of the present invention shown in FIGS. 32-34, multiple displays containing the various forms of information described and shown in FIGS. 4-31 on a single wall, thereby allowing one or more operators to view project information at various levels of detail by scanning the plurality of displays rather than by switching between displays on a smaller (e.g. 1 or 2 CRT) display system. In FIG. 32, project information is displayed on a plurality of displays 216 which are physically organized by vehicle system groups. In this alternative embodiment of the system 51, the displays in the powertrain group would typically include a Power-train Objectives display, one or more Build Strategies displays identifying the selected build strategy as well as any alternative strategies, Powertrain Interface/Integration display(s), a Powertrain Summary display, and various Powertrain Detail displays, graphs, and other powertrain group project data. Each of the other systems would similarly include the project information, organized in the manner described above in connection with FIGS. 4-31, to provide a comprehensive, integrated project data center.
This multi-display arrangement can be repeated at each project group level. For example, a subsystem group display, such as the type shown in FIG. 33, and component groups displays, such as shown in FIG. 34, could be organized and assembled in the alternative multidisplay system 51 of the present invention in much the same manner as the system displays of FIG. 31 to provide increasing levels of detail in a massive multiuser, multidisplay environment.
Thus, the various embodiment of the system of the present invention provide an integrated project management system which allows for the efficient design and engineering of a multicomponent project by providing the vehicle for a coordinated common project definition and project objectives. The system also allows for constant review of the project at all levels of detail to determine where objectives are being met, where failure to meet objectives might affect other groups' progress, and when and where adoption of alternative strategies might advance the project.
While the present invention has been described primarily in the context of its use in a vehicle design project, it clearly has an application in the management of any design, engineering, and/or manufacturing project involving a complex, multi-component product. Indeed, the management system 50 of the present invention is useful in the management of any project which must integrate business, technical, and graphic data.
While the best mode for carrying out the invention has been described in detail, those familiar with the art to which this invention relates will recognize various alternative designs and embodiments for practicing the invention as defined by the following claims.
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|U.S. Classification
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|Oct 8, 1999
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|Sep 15, 2003
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jun 23, 2006
Owner name: JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A., AS GENERAL ADMINISTRATI
Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:LEAR CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:017858/0719
Effective date: 20060425
|Apr 27, 2007
|Sep 24, 2007
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Mar 14, 2008
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|May 6, 2008
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20080314
|Apr 21, 2014
Owner name: LEAR CORPORATION, MICHIGAN
Free format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A.;REEL/FRAME:032722/0553
Effective date: 20100830


text:
Timberline Wolves RSS
Sarah Chase
SARAH CHASE VOLLEYBALL SCHOOL: Timberline (Campbell River) FRESHMAN'S FUTURE: St. Mary's (Cal.) NORTH VANCOUVER — When Sarah Chase left her home away from home in North Vancouver in mid-May, she did so with the knowledge that if things worked … Continue reading
BC's best volleyball players: Timberline's Sarah Chase takes top honours, plus rest of our Super 15
CAMPBELL RIVER — One of them is entitled 'The Talent Code', another 'The Mind Gym: An Athletes's Guide to Inner Excellence'. There's even one called 'The 5 Dysfunctions of a Team'. With the academic demands that her senior year of … Continue reading
VOLLEYBALL 2014: EMS, MEI take boys varsity titles at LEC, four girls tiers hit the road
The Mariners weathered adversity and relied on their collective inner compass. Meanwhile, the Eagles soared to heights so lofty, it seemed that internal pressure was their only rival. And by the time Saturday evening had rolled around at the Langley … Continue reading
The Province's BC High School Volleyball Report: Pipers win NS Invite, Red Serge next, complete weekend wraps, all the b/g Top 10 rankings
Welcomes to The Province's B.C. high school volleyball report. We've got the latest rankings for both boys and girls senior varsity tiers below. This week, we'll start off with a look ahead to the big event on the senior girls … Continue reading
10.15.14: B.C. high school boys and girls volleyball rankings — All seven tiers, 70 total teams
VOLLEYBALL SENIOR GIRLS B.C TOP 1O QUAD A 1. Argyle Pipers (North Vancouver) (LW-1) 2. Kelowna Owls (2) 3. Riverside Rapids (Port Coquitlam) (3) 4. Handsworth Royals (North Vancouver) (4) 5. Earl Marriott Mariners (Surrey) (5) 6. Moscrop Panthers (Burnaby) … Continue reading
10.09.14 BC volleyball rankings: Timberline Wolves top South Delta in Camosun College finals
VOLLEYBALL SENIOR GIRLS B.C TOP 1O PRESEASON RANKINGS QUAD A 1. Argyle Pipers (North Vancouver) (LW-1) 2. Kelowna Owls (3) 3. Riverside Rapids (Port Coquitlam) (2) 4. Handsworth Royals (North Vancouver) (6) 5. Earl Marriott Mariners (Surrey) (4) 6. Moscrop … Continue reading
10.16.13 edition. B.C. senior boys, senior girls volleyball rankings, plus girls tourney results
Here's the latest senior varsity volleyball rankings for B.C. boys and girls, as well as full senior girls invitational final results: SENIOR BOYS TRIPLE A 1. Kelowna Owls (LW-1) 2. Earl Marriott Mariners (Surrey) (2) 3. Mt. Boucherie Bears (Kelowna) … Continue reading
19.09.13 edition: BC senior girls varsity volleyball rankings, plus weekend tourney finishes
Here's this week's rankings for B.C. senior girls volleyball at all four tiers. We've also got results from invitational tournaments played in Kamloops, Vernon and Victoria this past weekend. SENIOR GIRLS QUAD A 1. South Delta Sun Devils (LW-NR) 2. … Continue reading
10.02.13 edition: BC senior girls/boys volleyball rankings, plus final finishes at girls weekend invites
The full senior girls varsity volleyball rankings in all four tiers, plus complete finishes from all the major girls invitationals this week. We've also got the first BC senior boys rankings of the season. VOLLEYBALL RANKINGS SENIOR GIRLS QUAD A… Continue reading
Girls HS volleyball rankings: Four tiers, four new schools move into No. 1 slots in early shakedown
VOLLEYBALL RANKINGS SENIOR GIRLS QUAD A 1. Kelowna Owls (LW-5) 2. Earl Marriott Mariners (Surrey) (2) 3. Riverside Rapids (Port Coquitlam) (3) 4. Argyle Pipers (North Vancouver) (1) 5. South Kamloops Titans (7) 6. Penticton Lakers (6) 7. Handsworth Royals … Continue reading

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Stayed here for 1 week and had a pretty good stay. Rooms are clean, pool is clean, overall the hotel was very clean. Pretty good rate also. Just off the turnpike, or minutes away from I 95, the location is great being on glades road (busy), we didn't hear a thing. Nice man made lake, refreshing patio. Nice indoor space with lots of air flow to keep it feeling nice and cool and fresh. The internet is a bit slow, but it's ok compared to others. The only reason my stay wasn't a 5, is because some of the staff. Some of the staff are great, doing their job really well and there is others that are pretty bad. Once at the breakfest , (good food) I asked for a cup, and the lady just stood there and starting humming at me. Front desk staff are good, the people making the pancakes and waffles etc at the breakfest buffet, are really good. The only staff I saw being lazy sometimes, not doing their job was: some of the people at breakfest, and housekeeping. Besides that pretty good hotel would come back again, but would first look at somewhere like deerfield beach etc. But would come back and suggest to a friend.
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- Experience one of the most elegant hotels in Boca Raton for business or pleasure. Situated in a peaceful lakeside complex in Boca Raton, FL, the Hilton Boca Raton Suites hotel puts you in easy reach of some of the area's best shopping, dining, golf and beaches. A complimentary shuttle service makes it easy to get around. The two-room suites at this all-suite hotel give you the flexibility to make the most out of your stay. A private bedroom and separate living area means that there is plenty of space to relax or get some work done.Make use of the high-speed internet access to stay connected, or get some work done in the business center. Three flexible function rooms make this Boca Raton hotel the ideal meeting venue. After a busy day, soak up the warm Florida sunshine with a swim in our outdoor pool or work out in the contemporary fitness center. Unwind with complimentary drinks and snacks at the nightly Cocktail Reception. Start every morning in style with a complimentary cooked-to-order breakfast. •All-suite Boca Raton Florida hotel in tranquil lakeside complex, located in the heart of Boca •Spacious two-room suites with private bedroom and separate living area •Complimentary shuttle service, outdoor heated pool and 24-hour fitness center •Complimentary cooked-to-order breakfast and complimentary nightly Cocktail Reception •High speed internet access, business center and three flexible lakeside meeting rooms ... more less
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- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Hilton Hotels, Expedia, Booking.com, Travelocity, Hotwire, TripOnline SA, Priceline, Odigeo, Hotels.com, Agoda and Jetsetter so you can book your Hilton Boca Raton Suites reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
- Also Known As:
- Hilton Suites Boca Raton Hotel Boca Raton
- Hilton Hotel Boca Raton
- Hilton Boca Raton
- Boca Raton Hilton


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Results 1 to 5 of 10
Thread: What do you think of Wes?
Hybrid View
May 15th, 2013 03:29 PM #1Senior Member
- Join Date
- Aug 2011
- Posts
- 1,833
What do you think of Wes?
Does it need to just be a nickname or could it work as the full name?Mia, Lydia, Cora
Corbin, Rocco, Quinn
May 15th, 2013 03:39 PM #3
May 15th, 2013 04:01 PM #5
May 15th, 2013 09:44 PM #7INTP Anthropologist Living in the centre of China, married to a Persian, and just enjoying a completely unpredictable life
Emiliana Pari 郑煜曈 '14
Raphael Kaveh
Currently stuck on girls
Names I love, but cannot use:
Soren Pasha, Caspian Bardia, Caspar Siavash, Elias Rostam, Simon Kasra
Valentina Parvaneh, Rosalind Tala, Viola Katayoun
May 15th, 2013 04:03 PM #9
I think it should be used as a nickname only...Just a teenage writer with a fascination for names!


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While the game of golf is always played outdoors, practicing is often better served indoors, where variables such as weather and turf quality can be controlled. Though Club Golf actually operates in both environments—it also does business at Blue Mash Golf Course—its primary facility is an indoor, golf-dedicated training center that helps players improve their game with an arsenal of hitting bays and swing-analysis devices. Among these are a pair of Trackman launch monitors, which measure a host of swing factors including club-head speed and launch angle, and six V1 Video Analysis Systems, which help players understand the precise mechanics of their swing, from address to backswing.
But it's not all about technology, unlike Ivan Drago's unnatural workout routine in Rocky IV. The club also features a 1,200-square-foot putting green and a short-game practice area with a bunker, as well as fitness equipment to help players transform themselves into long-driving, straight-hitting golfing machines.
Overseeing all of this swinging, measuring, sand-blasting, and dumbbell-curling are a pair of PGA-certified instructors, Ryan Chaney, John Hafera, Brendon Post, and Joy Bonhurst. Each conducts private and group lessons in the facility, and then helps students make the transition outdoors through lessons on course strategy and decision-making.
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Spasmolytic effect of Psidium guajava Linn. (Myrtaceae) leaf aqueous extract on rat isolated uterine horns
Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.Journal of smooth muscle research = Nihon Heikatsukin Gakkai kikanshi 03/2009; 45(1):31-8. DOI: 10.1540/jsmr.45.31
Source: PubMed
Globally, primary dysmenorrhoea is one of the most frequent gynaecological disorders in young women. It is associated with increased uterine tone, and exaggerated contractility of uterine smooth muscles. In many rural African communities, a number of medicinal plants, including Psidium guajava Linn. (family: Myrtaceae), are used traditionally for the management, control and/or treatment of primary dysmenorrhoea. The present study was, therefore, undertaken to examine the spasmolytic effect of Psidium guajava leaf aqueous extract (PGE) on isolated, spontaneously-contracting and oestrogen-dominated, quiescent uterine horns of healthy, young adult, female Wistar rats. Graded, escalated concentrations of PGE (0.5-4.0 mg/ml) produced concentration-dependent and significant inhibitions of the amplitude of spontaneous phasic contractions of the isolated rat uterine horn preparations. In a concentration-related manner, PGE also significantly inhibited or abolished contractions produced by acetylcholine (ACh, 0.5-8.0 microg/ml), oxytocin (0.5-4.0 microU), bradykinin (2.5-10 ng/ml), carbachol (CCh, 0.5-8.0 microg/ml) or potassium chloride (K+, 10-80 mM) in quiescent uterine horn preparations isolated from the oestrogen-dominated rats. The spasmolytic effect of PGE observed in the present study lends pharmacological support to the traditional use of ;guava' leaves in the management, control and/or treatment of primary dysmenorrhoea in some rural African communities.
Article: Medicinal Plants for Women's Healthcare in Southeast Asia: A Meta-analysis of their Traditional Use, Chemical Constituents, and Pharmacology.[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: This is an extensive review of plants used traditionally for women's healthcare in Southeast Asia and surrounding countries. Medicinal plants have a significant role in women's healthcare in many rural areas of the world. Plants with numerous efficacious observations have historically been used as a starting point in the development of new drugs, and a large percentage of modern pharmaceuticals have been derived from medicinal plants. A review was conducted of all plant use mentioned specifically for female healthcare, such as medicine to increase fertility, induce menstruation or abortion, ease pregnancy and parturition, reduce menstrual bleeding and postpartum hemorrhage, alleviate menstrual, parturition and postpartum pain, increase or inhibit lactation, and treat mastitis and uterine prolapse, in 200 studies focusing on medicinal plant use, either general studies or studies focusing specifically on women's healthcare. Nearly 2000 different plant species are reported to be used in over 5000 combinations. Most common are Achyranthes aspera, Artemisia vulgaris, Blumea balsamifera, Carica papaya, Curcuma longa, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Leonurus japonicus, Psidium guajava and Ricinus communis, and each of these species had been reported in more than 10 different scientific articles. This review provides a basis for traditional plant use in women's healthcare, and these species can be used as the starting point in the discovery of new drugs.Journal of ethnopharmacology 11/2013; 151(2). DOI:10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.030 · 3.00 Impact Factor
Article: Medicinal plants used for menstrual disorders in Latin America, the Caribbean, sub-Saharan Africa, South and Southeast Asia and their uterine properties: A review[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Ethnopharmacological relevance: Menstrual disorders are generally not perceived as major health concerns by global health organizations, despite being disruptive to women׳s daily activities, particularly when access to sanitary facilities or analgesics is limited. Improving menstrual health requires access to safe and effective medication, but many women in Latin America, Africa or Asia prefer traditional medicine above modern remedies (such as contraceptives), as they can cause physical symptoms associated with fertility loss. Many medicinal plants are used for menstrual disorders, but few have been examined for their pharmacological activities related to traditional uses. Plants that have a smooth muscle-relaxant effect could ease menstrual cramps, but there are indications that dysmenorrhea in low-income countries is commonly treated with emmenagogues. This review aims to assess the most salient plants used to treat menstrual morbidity in Latin America and the Caribbean, sub-Saharan Africa, South and Southeast Asia, their uterine properties and adverse effects. To test whether plants used for painful menstruation could have uterine contracting properties, we recorded whether these species were also used to ease birth, induce menstruation, abortion or expel the afterbirth, as these suggest spasmogenic activities. Materials and methods: We reviewed the literature documenting traditional plant use in the study area for dysmenorrhea, regulating or inducing menstruation, uterine cleansing, uterine fibroids, expelling the placenta and lochia and for easing childbirth. Thirty genera (59 species) used in at least two continents or frequently throughout one continent, where shortlisted from the 90 most salient plant species emerging from our literature review. Using Medline, we searched for pharmacological properties and/or mechanisms of action relevant to their traditional uses of the shortlisted species. We searched VigiBase™, the WHO global individual case safety report database, on reported adverse drug reactions associated with these species. Results: More than 2000 plant species are used for menstrual disorders in the study area. The most salient uses are to treat painful menstruation, induce or regulate menses, and induce abortion. Around half (29) of the 59 most salient species have been tested for their pharmacological effects, of which 48% act as uterine spasmolytics and 31% as uterine spasmogenics. Several frequently used species contain toxic constituents, which may put women and their unborn children at serious risk. VigiBase(TM) listed adverse drug reactions for 18 of these species, but few reports came from the study area. Conclusions: Research into the risks and benefits of medicinal plants for menstrual complaints should be given a higher priority in reproductive health programs that respect traditional knowledge and practices. Increased data collection is needed on adverse drug reactions among women using herbal medicines for reproductive health, especially in countries with limited reproductive health facilities.Journal of Ethnopharmacology 06/2014; 155(2):992-1000. DOI:10.1016/j.jep.2014.06.049 · 3.00 Impact Factor
Article: Effects of the aqueous extract of Pittosporum mannii Hook. f. (Pittosporaceae) stem barks on spontaneous and spasmogen-induced contractile activity of isolated rat duodenum[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Pittosporum mannii Hook. f. (Pittosporaceae) is a plant widely used in traditional medicine in Cameroon for the treatment of many gastrointestinal disorders including diarrhoea. To date, no pharmacological study on the antidiarrhoeal and the antispasmodic properties of this plant has been reported. The aim of the present study was to evaluate in vitro the relaxant activity of the aqueous extract of stem barks of Pittosporum mannii (PMAE) on rat duodenum. Different concentrations of PMAE were tested separately (10-80µg/mL) or cumulatively (5-80µg/mL) on spontaneous and spasmogen (carbachol, histamine and KCl)-induced contractions of isolated rat duodenum strips. At concentrations ranging from 10 to 80µg/mL, PMAE significantly decreased the tonus and the amplitude of spontaneous contractions. However, at high concentration (80µg/mL), the extract elicited a transient relaxation was followed by a slight increase of tonus, while the amplitude remained lower compared to the normal spontaneous activity. The relaxant effect of the extract was not significantly affected in presence of atropine (0.713µg/mL) and promethazine (0.5µg/mL). In addition, PMAE (20, 40, 80µg/mL) partially but significantly inhibited in a concentration related manner the contractions induced by carbachol (10(-9)-10(-4) M) and histamine (10(-9)-10(-4) M) on rat duodenum. PMAE (10-80µg/mL) also significantly induced a concentration-dependent relaxation on KCl (20mM, 50mM, 10(-3)-6.10(-3) M)-induced contraction of rat duodenum. These results show that the aqueous extract of Pittosporum mannii stem barks possess antispasmodic and spasmolytic effects at lower concentrations; therefore, supporting the use of the stem barks of this plant in the folk medicine for the treatment of diarrhoea. However, caution should be paid while using higher concentrations that instead might produce spasmogenic effect and might worsen the diarrhoeal condition. The relaxant effect of PMAE appears to be non-specific of muscarinic or histaminic receptors, but may involve at least in part a mechanism of inhibition of the Ca(2+) influx into the smooth muscle cells through voltage-operated Ca(2+) channels. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.Journal of ethnopharmacology 06/2015; 172. DOI:10.1016/j.jep.2015.05.047 · 3.00 Impact Factor
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I play piano, guitar and bass guitar. I'm pretty good playing piano.
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Books: so far, Dostoyevski: "crime and punishment"
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Disability Rights Week
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Transcendence: Abstraction and Symbolism in the American West
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Select Local Merchants
Jill Breier Massage and BodyworkRead MoreA passion for wellness powers Jill Breier morning, noon, and night, whether she's volunteering at Red Cross blood drives or the Avon Walk for Breast Cancer or performing therapeutic massages. This certified massage therapist draws upon training from the Essex Group Institute for Massage and Bodywork as she tailors her techniques to the needs of each client, including moms-to-be and cancer patients. Jill's Swedish massages teem with circular friction, gentle taps, and strokes that glide across the body, whereas her foot-reflexology sessions apply pressure solely on the soles to stimulate body organs and recount how each little piggy went to the market. Aromatherapy and hot-stone sessions draw on soothing basalt stones and oils, which come in calming scents such as lavender and energizing scents such as eucalyptus, to invigorate the senses. When customizing a massage to an individual client's needs, Jill and her team use a holistic approach to ease pain, promote mobility, and enhance the flow of nutrient-rich blood, leaving bodies as charged up as Edison's Roomba.238 Colfax AveClifton, NJ US
Salon Ilona & SpaRead MoreTo keep their skills fresh, the staff at Studio M head to New York and Beverly Hills to learn the latest beauty trends and techniques. Once back at their Clifton salon, the stylists blend these new skills with their years of experience to create flattering styles with ombre highlights, Keratin Complex straightening treatments, and SoCap hair extensions. Meanwhile, aestheticians perform Yonka facials and crystal microdermabrasion to restore skin's youthful glow as digits receive coats of OPI polish and LCN tips. For head-to-toe rejuvenation, clients can call upon the spa's therapist who customizes massages to suit each guest, using hot stones to ease tight muscles and reflexology to relax hopelessly tangled toes.859 Clifton AveClifton, NJ US
Advanced Rehab & Wellness Center, P.C.Read MoreWith 20 years of experience in chiropractic care and physical therapy, Doctor of Chiropractic Mark Fano was well equipped to help patients when he opened Advanced Rehab & Wellness Center, P.C. in 2010. But beyond healing his paying customers, he was ready to help the community by offering free chair massages to help ease the tension levels of office dwellers throughout the area. Dr. Fano's dedication to the overall health of his neighbors shows in all of his treatments, which he has curated to include only techniques that will improve a person's quality of life. Though Dr. Fano specializes in spine-realigning chiropractic treatments, his staff also provides physical therapy to get clients back on their feet after accidents and acupuncture to open up energy meridians for a balanced, healthy body. They're also masters of a range of massage techniques, which help clients get some time in for stress relief without the hazards of replacing their office chair with an affection-starved grizzly bear.1135 Clifton Ave, Ste 208Clifton, NJ US
Angel Tips CliftonRead MoreWhen Angel Tips opened the doors to its single Long Island store in 1996, it had a simple premise: to offer professional nail, waxing, and beauty services at an affordable price. Although the company has expanded to more than 60 locations across New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut since then, their focus on professionalism remains the same. They even require all of their licensed professionals to hone their skills at a specialized training center in Connecticut. Though Angel Tips expertly performs waxing services and installs eyelash extensions, their specialty lies in nail care. Their technicians perform traditional, gel, and acrylic manicures, as well as specialty pedicures with paraffin and hot stone massages. Cleanliness, like professionalism and affordability, is a top priority; all locations use sanitized tools, disposable files and buffer pads, and pedicure chairs that have fully outgrown their teenage grunge phases.27 Ackerman AveClifton, NJ US
Massage Envy SpaRead MoreBoth men and women can find professional spa services to suit their needs at Massage Envy Spa in Clifton. Make your skin velvety-smooth with a relaxing facial at this spa. Maintain your skin's health with a professional skin treatment, such as a body wrap. Treat yourself to massage and relax both your body and your mind. This spa enforces an appointment-only policy, reducing the possibility of a wait. Indulge in a wide variety of reasonably priced spa services and leave feeling uplifted and centered. For your convenience, this beauty establishment accepts all major credit cards. Parking is provided in a nearby lot, so customers can easily walk to and from their cars. If cycling is more your speed, you'll find plenty of space to stash your bike outside the spa. There's no better place to spend your day off than at Massage Envy Spa so book your spa treatment today.852 Route 3Clifton, NJ US
Sandra's Massage and SpaRead MoreIn 2005, Sandra Gutierrez was stressed and overworked. She found relaxation at a spa, but not in the way you'd think. Sandra discovered that helping others feel better also made her feel better, so she started a new career as a licensed massage therapist. That career has since blossomed, and Sandra now kneads muscles daily at Euphoria Massage & Spa. Along with five other therapists—all of whom she personally trains—Sandra eases tension with Swedish strokes and relieves aching necks, backs, and shoulders with trigger-point techniques. While Sandra and her team focus on relaxing muscles, Euphoria's resident aesthetician cleanses and detoxifies skin with clay body wraps and sea-salt scrubs. Treatment sessions unfold inside spacious rooms, where soft piano music drowns out the sound of your boss banging on the spa's window, asking for that TPS report.1195 Main AveClifton, NJ US


text: This hotel have a great lobby, looks like expensive hotel. The room clean and fresh, the bed and pillow are comfy, the bathroom also comfy, the breakfast menu are standart but delicious. If you walk to Veteran street which only 5 mins walking, you will get delicious kwecap food (non halal food)