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Page 1
Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (2007) 9, 525–537
Copyrightc ?2007 Informa Healthcare
ISSN: 1097-6647 print / 1532-429X online
Imaging Sequences for First Pass
Perfusion—A Review
Peter Kellman, PhD and Andrew E. Arai, MD
Laboratory of Cardiac Energetics, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute,
National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
Myocardial perfusion imaging sequences and analysis techniques continue to improve. We
review the state-of-the-art in cardiovascular magnetic resonance first pass perfusion pulse se-
quences including the application of parallel imaging. There are a wide range of sequence
designs and parameters to consider when optimizing an acquisition protocol. The interdepen-
dence of these parameters forces the user to make compromises. We describe the technical
issuesand provide insights into the variousperformancetradeoffs. We also review the basicde-
sign for T1-weighted first pass myocardial perfusion imaging and go on to discuss the tradeoffs
associated with various schemes to provide multi-slice coverage. Artifact mechanisms are dis-
cussed and related to sequence design and parameters. The selection of quantitative versus
qualitative analysis affects various performance requirements, such as spatial and temporal
resolution and linearity of enhancement. Understanding the interaction between the pulse se-
quence parameters and resulting image quality is important for improving myocardial perfusion
resonance (CMR) has undergone steady improvement since it
was first proposed over 20 years ago (1, 2). Yet there remain
challenges for widespread clinical acceptance, and there is still
application of parallel imaging for accelerated acquisition. Per-
formance optimization is difficult due to the large number of
parameters affecting image acquisition. Furthermore, the inter-
dependence of these parameters forces the user to make com-
promises. As the field has not come to clear methodological
Keywords: Myocardial Perfusion, Cardiovascular MR, Ischemia,
Parallel Imaging.
Supported by a grant from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood
Institute, National Institutes of Health, Intramural Research
Correspondence to:
Peter Kellman
Laboratory of Cardiac Energetics
National Institutes of Health
National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute
10 Center Drive, MSC-1061
Building 10, Room B1D416
Bethesda, MD 20892-1061
tel: (301) 496-2513; fax (301) 402-2389
email: firstname.lastname@example.com
consensus, we do not answer the debate on which is the best
method. Rather, we describe the technical issues and provide
insights into the various performance tradeoffs.
To maintain a focus on first pass perfusion methods, only
certain topics could be included in this review. We start with
the basic design for T1-weighted first pass myocardial perfu-
sion imaging, and go on to discuss the tradeoffs associated with
anisms are discussed and related to the sequence design and
parameters. For simplicity, we consider only gadolinium based
extracellular contrast agents, although there may be advantages
to alternative contrast agents.
resolution, temporal resolution, and T1-linearity. The topic of
image analysis is another source of debate, and there remain
questions on the value and accuracy of various performance in-
dices. For issues beyond those dealt with in the current review,
comparisons between methods (18–22), review papers (23–27),
and papers dealing with the subject of quantitative perfusion
analysis (26, 28–33).
Myocardial perfusion imaging is based on measuring the de-
livery of contrast agent to the myocardium during the first pass
following a bolus injection. The signal intensity is enhanced
Page 2
by the contrast agent, which shortens the T1 relaxation time
and results in a brighter signal using a T1-weighted imaging
sequence. Regions with lower regional blood flow will appear
hypointense and may be detected given adequate image quality.
Quantitative measurement of blood flow may be made through
surement as a function of time. Myocardial flow reserve may be
estimated by comparing the flow measurements acquired at rest
and at stress. Stress perfusion is most commonly studied using
vasodilation such as adenosine or dipyridamole. Vasodilators
increase the blood flow in normal vessels while stenotic vessels
have a reduced vasodilator response.
Regions with prior myocardial infarction may appear hypo-
intense despite normal blood flow, following revascularization,
due to the low flow into scar tissue. Therefore, the interpreta-
tion of perfusion images usually also incorporates viability as-
sessment by delayed enhancement imaging as described in the
section on analysis.
Imaging requirements
Successful myocardial perfusion imaging requires optimiz-
ing sequence and parameters to meet often contradictory re-
quirements. The basic requirements are:
1. Temporal Resolution Two distinct measures of tempo-
ral resolution are important for perfusion imaging. The
time between two images of the same slice location af-
fects the ability to sample the dynamic signal intensity
ics of blood flow to the myocardium. Typically, images
are acquired every 1–2 heartbeats to adequately sam-
ple myocardial blood flow. For quantitative perfusion,
an accurate estimate of the arterial input function may
require sampling the LV blood signal every heartbeat.
cardiac cycle, and the actual duration of imaging read-
motion, both indicated in Fig. 1a.
2. Spatial Resolution The spatial resolution must be ade-
quate to distinguish sub-endocardial ischemia (<3 mm
in-plane) and to assess transmural extent of defects.
3. Spatial Coverage It is desirable to have full coverage of
the heart. A minimum of 3 slices is needed to cover at
least 16 segments of the heart (34). A greater number of
slices are desirable.
4. Linearity A linear or quantifiable relationship between
signal intensity and contrast agent concentration is de-
sirable in order to quantify perfusion.
5. Image Quality Image quality must be sufficient to pro-
vide contrast between normal and ischemic regions and
must be free of artifacts.
requirements regarding accurate knowledge of the arterial input
function, which represents the delivery of contrast to the heart
and is commonly estimated from the blood signal. Therefore,
Figure 1. Magnetization preparation schemes for T1-weighted
myocardial perfusion imaging: (a) saturation recovery (SR), (b) in-
version recovery (IR), and (c) magnetization driven steady state.
quantitative myocardial perfusion imaging requires measuring
both the blood and myocardial signals. The blood and my-
ocardium have different contrast agent concentrationsas well as
T1, T2, and T2∗relaxation parameters leading to significantly
trast between blood and myocardium is also affected by blood
T1-weighted imaging sequences
First-pass perfusion imaging typically acquires multiple
slices of T1-weighted images that portray perfusion. Ideally,
the signal intensity on such images should closely reflect the
temporal change of the contrast agent concentration, which is
inversely related to the achieved T1 ([Gd] ∼ 1/T1). A saturation
recovery (SR) preparation (Fig. 1a) is the most commonly im-
plemented method to achieve T1-weighting and may be used in
conjunction with various methods for image readout.
In early work, inversion recovery (IR) approaches (Fig. 1b)
were used (7–9, 17, 35, 36). IR approaches have the potential
for increased dynamic range but are vulnerable to R-R variation
or missed triggers which will cause signal intensity variation
due to incomplete magnetization recovery. With IR preparation,
the images are usually acquired at a time following inversion
(TI) which nulls the pre-contrast blood to maximize the contrast
and to avoid loss of contrast, which might result from mag-
nitude detection. This results in a comparatively long imaging
duration and commonly limits the imaging to a single slice per
526 P. Kellman and A. E. Arai
Page 3
In both SR and IR preparation schemes, there is generally a
trigger delay (TD) between the RF preparation and the start of
mined by the delay to the center of k-space, which is commonly
in the center of readout for linear phase encode ordering. This
ture contains reference to both often making direct comparisons
An alternative magnetization driven steady state preparation
approach (Fig. 1c) was proposed (10) to achieve a higher degree
of linearity than IR (i.e., signal intensity vs [Gd]). However,
linearity was achieved at the expense of contrast-to-noise ratio
(CNR) and had a lengthy preparation time limiting the acqui-
sition to a single slice per heartbeat. In this scheme, the longi-
tudinal magnetization was driven to steady state by a series of
In the steady state limit, the signal intensity is linearly propor-
tional to 1/T1 when using 90◦readout pulses and was found to
(improved SNR) with only slight compromise in linearity (10).
Hybrid T1-preparation schemes
A number of hybrid preparation schemes can achieve T1-
mia insensitive approaches which combine SR preparation with
IR have been proposed (Fig. 2a) (37). This scheme increases
the length of preparation thereby reducing the number of slices
that may be covered. By using a 90◦SR preparation, which sets
the longitudinal magnetization to zero, the 180◦IR preparation
which follows after a fixed short recovery period becomes in-
sensitive to the RR interval. The dynamic range is somewhat
compromised depending on the saturation recovery delay.
The magnetization driven steady state scheme may also be
used with a 90◦SR preparation (Fig. 2b) to reduce the time
Figure 2. Hybrid magnetization preparation schemes for T1-
weighted myocardial perfusion imaging: (a) arrhythmia insensitive
preparation using SR followed by IR, and (b) magnetization driven
steady state with SR preparation to decrease time to steady state.
required to reach steady state. However, the linearity is still
achieved at the expense of contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and
slightly longer time per slice.
Multi-slice approaches
There are several approaches to providing multi-slice cover-
age during first-pass imaging as shown in Fig. 3 for SR prepara-
tion. Other preparation schemes might be implemented as well
if the time per slice permits. In each of these schemes, imaging
is performed across the cardiac cycle; therefore, each slice will
be acquired at a different phase of the cardiac cycle. Thus, the
wall thickness and motion will vary slice-to-slice using these
approaches. While it is possible to acquire fewer slices with less
variation, for instance, only during diastole, this may reduce the
overall spatial coverage, particularly if single RR temporal res-
olution is required. Furthermore, diastolic images have reduced
wall thickness placing a higher demand on spatial resolution.
Using a single SR preparation per slice (Fig. 1a) provides
reasonable coverage with uniform image quality. Approaches
that acquire multiple slices per SR preparation offer increased
efficiency. In one approach, multiple slices are readout sequen-
In this scheme the TI varies from slice-to-slice and thus the T1-
scheme does reduce the time per slice slightly providing greater
spatial coverage. A second approach which acquires multiple
Figure 3. Approaches to multi-slice coverage. (a) Multiple SR
preps per RR, (b) multiple slices readout sequentially per SR prep,
(c) multiple interleaved slices per SR prep, and (d) multiple slice
selective notched pulse preparations per RR.
First Pass Perfusion Imaging 527
Page 4
Figure 4. Saturation performance comparison of different SR prep pulses for GRE-EPI perfusion sequence with TI = 85 ms. (a) proton density
reference without SR prep, (b) 90◦SR prep pulse demonstrating B1 inhomogeneity and incomplete saturation, (c) sequel of 3 each 90◦RECT
pulses, (d) BIR4 adiabatic SR prep. All images are window-leveled the same. Incomplete saturation is evident using the 90◦RECT (b).
slices per SR preparation acquires multiple interleaved slices
(e.g., 2 slices) (Fig. 3c) (11). In this scheme, the TI remains
constant. Although this approach increases the acquisition ef-
ficiency and thus spatial coverage, the actual imaging time per
individual slice is increased thereby increasing the sensitivity
to motion artifacts. A benefit of slice interleaving is the length-
ening of the pulse repetition time (TR) between pulses of the
same slice. An increased TR permits greater magnetization re-
covery and use of a higher readout flip angle for improved
A novel scheme for multi-slice coverage uses selective notch
pulse preparations (15) where each notch selective SR prepara-
(Fig. 3d). In this scheme, the selective notch pulse saturates the
volume except for the next slice to be imaged. Thus, the satura-
tion preparation for any given slice was played out prior to the
A longer TI may result in increased SNR although this comes at
the cost of reduced linearity. A problem with this scheme is that
the first slice may need to be discarded due to RR variations,
eroding some of the efficiency gain. Furthermore, the selective
notch pulse frequently results in non-uniform blood pool signal
intensity due to heterogeneous through plane motion. Myocar-
dial signal intensity is also sensitive to through plane motion,
either cardiac or respiratory related.
Saturation recovery preparation
The 90◦SR preparation is commonly used since an ideal
90◦SR is insensitive to arrhythmia and/or missed ECG triggers.
SR preparations using a lower flip angle (60◦–70◦) have been
reported (3, 5) in cases of very short TD (10–15 ms) increasing
given an adequate TI (3).
A few RF pulse designs have been proposed to achieve
the ideal 90◦SR preparation in the presence of B1-field in-
homogeneity. The adiabatic BIR4 pulse provides improved
insensitivity to both B1 and B0 (40, 41). The BIR4 has excel-
lent performance as long as the adiabatic condition is achieved
(i.e., adequate power). Alternatively, a pulse sequel design with
several repeated 90◦rectangular pulses with gradient crushers
(42) improves the overall effectiveness of the saturation pulse
in the event that the 90◦rectangular pulse is not a true 90◦due
to B1-field inhomogeneity. In our experience both of these ap-
proaches are very effective and make a significant improvement
over the simple 90◦rectangular pulse (Fig. 4). The sensitivity to
RR variation is illustrated in Fig. 5, which shows the effect of
missed ECG triggers on the signal intensity for both 90◦rectan-
gular SR preparation and pulse sequel (3 pulses) with imperfect
90◦pulses. The effect of missed ECG triggers is insignificant
for the pulse sequel design.
ration RF pulse can lead to stimulated echo artifacts which de-
grade image quality. Stimulated echo artifacts due to these gra-
dients may be mitigated by use of variable crushers.
Figure 5. Time intensity curves for 2 cases with missed ECG trig-
gers showing (a) sensitivity of signal intensity to missed triggers
using 90 RECT SR prep with incomplete saturation (left) and (b) in-
sensitivity to missed triggers using pulse sequel for SR prep (right).
Incomplete saturation causes increased intensity following missed
trigger (left). Samples following missed ECG trigger are marked
with circles.
528P. Kellman and A. E. Arai
Page 5
The saturation performance of the 90◦SR preparation is par-
ticularly important for semi- and fully-quantitative perfusion
measurements which rely on accurate baseline correction. Im-
perfect saturation biases the pre-contrast baseline by an amount
that is not readily correctable.
Image readout & parallel imaging
ed using IR or SR recovery in combination with either snap-
shot FLASH (7, 8), GRE-EPI (5), or balanced steady state free
precession (SSFP, also known as FISP, FIESTA, or Balanced
FFE) (13). There is no clear consensus regarding the sequence
of choice for myocardial perfusion imaging, although there is
There are also a number of approaches to parallel imaging
(43–47) and other accelerated imaging methods (48–50) that
may be applied to myocardial perfusion imaging. The appli-
cation of parallel imaging is closely coupled with the image
readout since the number of phase encodes may be substan-
tially reduced, thus, altering the optimization of sequence pa-
rameters normally associated with the readout. The optimum
choice of methods is a difficult question due to the large para-
meter space for each method and differing details of implemen-
tation between institutions and vendor platforms. It is not the
objective of this paper to answer this debate. Rather, it is to re-
view the current methods in light of advances, such as parallel
imaging, and to highlight the pros and cons and performance
Tradeoffs between spatial resolution and SNR, spatial and
temporal resolution, and so on, are quite familiar in CMR. With
the addition of the SR preparation, the number of variables and
their interdependence grows. For example, a longer TI may in-
trast agent concentration (see below section). Some sequences
have been optimized for linearity (10) while others have been
optimized for CNR (3). In general, a longer TI will also re-
duce the spatial coverage. While one can optimize sequence
parameters for SNR, coverage, and resolution, the interplay of
sequence parameters and image artifacts is less understood. As
described later, the presence of image artifacts in myocardial
perfusion imaging is a large factor limiting clinical acceptance.
spread function (PSF) and other artifact mechanisms. The PSF
is the term used to describe imperfect mapping between points
in the image.
In order to illustrate the influence of sequence parameters, an
example is presented comparing SSFP, FLASH, and GRE-EPI
readouts, all accelerated with SENSE parallel imaging at rate
R = 2 (43, 44). The sequence parameters (Table 1) are based on
the recent literature (21, 51) and are based on high performance
gradients capable of 45 mT/m at 200 mT/m/ms slew rate. This
and the uniformity of k-space which affects the PSF.
Table 1. Myocardial perfusion sequence imaging parameters.
MethodSR-SSFP SR-FLASH SR-GRE-EPI
TE (ms)
TR (ms)
BW (Hz/pixel)
Echotrain length
Readout Flip Angle
Parallel Imaging
TD (ms) (to 1st line)
TI (ms) (to center)
Tslice(ms) (total)
Slices per RR @ 60/90/120 bpm
128 × 80
128 × 80
128 × 80
In these examples, the matrix size = 128 × 80, and the TI =
85 ms. Both are held constant between sequences. All the se-
quences provide similar spatial coverage (slices per RR), with
the GRE-EPI providing slightly greater coverage at the highest
heart rates due to the increase acquisition efficiency of an EPI
readout (Tslice= 117 ms vs 130 or 132 ms). The most signif-
icant difference given these parameters is the actual imaging
duration within the cardiac cycle (Timaging), which ranges from
61 ms for GRE-EPI to 92 ms for SSFP. The imaging duration
may contribute to motion induced artifacts especially near the
endocardium. Selection of the bandwidth (BW) is a tradeoff be-
tween the SNR and minimizing TR which affects Timaging, Tslice,
and number of slices per RR. It also affects the TE which in turn
determines the T2∗loss at peak contrast concentrations and the
sensitivity to off-resonance due to B0-inhomogeneity and bolus
susceptibility. TE is particularly important for a SSFP readout.
reduction of artifacts due to motion sensitivity (proportional to
iod which consists of the RF pulse and actual readout decreased
with increasing BW, reaching a point where the overhead of the
RF pulse duration is a significant fraction. At this point, there
is diminishing return in further BW increase. In this example
(Table 1), the BWs were selected accordingly. Using a constant
readout flip angle, the value of flip angle was selected for best
variable readout flip angle might be considered.
The simulated responses of myocardial signal intensity are
shown in Fig. 6 for varying contrast agent concentrations from
0 to 4 mmol/L, where the expected concentration in the my-
ocardium is in the range 1–2 mmol/L for single dose (0.1
mmol/kg). Simulations used the method by Sekihara (52) with
precontrast T1 = 850 ms and T2 = 50 ms in the myocardium,
and 4.5 (sec mmol/L)−1relaxivity of Gd based contrast agent.
Note that the 40 actually acquired phase encodes are recon-
structed to a full resolution of 80 lines by means of paral-
lel imaging. Non-uniformity of the k-space response due to
SR recovery and transient approach to the steady state of the
readout leads to distortion of the PSF. Distorted PSF may
cause edge artifacts or ghosting. The GRE-EPI has been re-
ordered based on a modified center-out phase encode order (5)
First Pass Perfusion Imaging 529


text:
A man accused of killing a crack-addicted prostitute was a john who appeared to be having sex with the badly beaten woman's lifeless body in a car, her boyfriend testified Tuesday.
Defendant seen having sex with slaying victim after she was beaten, man testifies in Oklahoma court
Anthony J. Wade told a jury Fulgencio Lopez ignored his commands to get off the woman and unlock the car parked in an alley behind a house in southwest Oklahoma City.
"He was still trying to (have sex with her)," said Wade, a 41-year-old felon who is facing forgery charges in two counties.
Wade said that after breaking out two windows with a broom handle he punched Lopez, pulled him out of the car by his feet and kicked him several times before leaving the scene because of outstanding warrants.
Lopez, 22, is charged with first-degree murder in the March 6, 2011, slaying of Lori A. Green, 39, of Oklahoma City. Investigators found Green's body in the front seat of a blue sedan about 3:05 a.m. in the 400 block of SW Grand Boulevard.
Blunt force injuries
She had bruising and blood on her face and abrasions on both sides of her neck, and had died of blunt force injuries to her head and neck, according to the state medical examiner's office.
Oklahoma City police found Lopez lying on the ground in a fetal position without any pants, which Wade testified taking to keep him from running away.
Jimmy A. Palmer, an associate of the couple, testified to smoking crack cocaine with Green and Wade all day before she was killed. He said when they ran out of drugs after midnight he drove Green, a prostitute, to a bar at SW 34 and S Robinson, where she met Lopez for sex.
Continue reading this story on the...


text:
Blog Archives
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NBC.com Announces The '30 Rock Live Sweepstakes' As Four Winners Will Attend Live Broadcast On October 14
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Forget about using the old "dead-baby's birth-certificate" ruse to get new ID. Everyone's on to that trick. What you need is the know-how to make your own documents on a home computer. And by following the simple instructions in here, you can.
You can read this item using any of the following Kobo apps and devices:


text:
Hotel Hospes Madrid, Madrid
- Free WiFi
- Airport within 5 mi/8 km: Madrid (XOC-Atocha Train Station)
Main amenities
- 42 guestrooms
- Restaurant and bar/lounge
- Full-service spa
- Breakfast available
- Fitness center
- Valet parking
- 4 meeting rooms
- Airport shuttle
- Childcare
- Terrace
- 24-hour front desk
- Air conditioning
What's around
- In Retiro
- El Retiro Park (0.4 mi / 0.6 km)
- Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum (0.6 mi / 0.9 km)
- Prado Museum (0.6 mi / 1 km)
- Plaza Mayor (1.1 mi / 1.8 km)
- Puerta del Sol (0.9 mi / 1.4 km)
All the staff was very helpful and kind. The hotel is in a very nice centric location and…
My room was absolutely gorgeous- much more than I expected. Lots of nice amenities -…
Enter dates to check prices
Hotel Info: 866-539-8117from $266
- Junior Suite
- Double or Twin Room (Dreamer)
- Double Room (Dreamer)
- Deluxe Room, City View
- Single Room (Dreamer)
- Deluxe Room
- Standard Room
- Deluxe Room (Special Offer)
Also popular with travelers from the USA
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 42 rooms
- This hotel is arranged over 5 floors
- Check-in time starts at 3 PM
- Check-out time is noon
Required at check in
- Credit card or cash deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
Travelling with others
- One child (6 years old and younger) stays free when occupying the parent or guardian's room, using existing bedding
- Babysitting/childcare *
- Pets allowed (dogs only) *
- 1 per room (up to 15 kg)
- Free WiFi in public areas
- Free WiFi in rooms
- Airport shuttle (available on request) *
- Valet parking *
- Accessible parking
- Area shuttle *
Nearby Five Star Madrid hotels
In the hotel
- Breakfast daily (surcharge)
- Restaurant
- Bar/lounge
- Coffee shop/café
- Snack bar/deli
- 24-hour room service
- Fitness facilities
- Full-service spa
- Spa treatment room(s)
- Bicycle rentals nearby
- Golfing nearby
- Hiking/biking trails nearby
- Scooter/moped rentals nearby
- Steam room
- Number of meeting rooms - 4
- Meeting rooms 4
- Conference space size (feet) - 1830
- Conference space size (meters) - 170
- 24-hour front desk
- Concierge services
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Hair salon
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Luggage storage
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Year Built 1883
- Elevator/lift
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Terrace
- Disabled parking
- Accessible path of travel
- Accessible bathroom
- In-room accessibility
- Roll-in shower
In the room
- Climate control
- Air conditioning
- Minibar
- Coffee/tea maker
- Bathrobes
- Slippers
- Hypo-allergenic bedding available
- Down comforter
- Soundproofed rooms
- Turndown service
- Premium bedding
- In-room massage available
- Private bathroom
- Rainfall showerhead
- Designer toiletries
- Hair dryer
- Plasma TV
- Satellite TV channels
- Free newspaper
- Free WiFi
- Phone
- Daily housekeeping
- In-room safe (laptop compatible)
Top Madrid hotels
Recently reviewed hotels in Madrid
- Hotel Francisco IFrom
- Hotel VP Jardín MetropolitanoFrom
"I stayed there for 5 nights while I dropped my daughter off at her university. The room was SO clean, (like I was in Switzerland!) and comfortable. The staff was tremendously…"Sep 3, 2015
- Meliá CastillaFrom
"Excellent"Sep 2, 2015
- Hotel PreciadosFrom
"The hotel was nice enough. The only issue I had is that a credit card that was locked in my room in the safe seems to have had the number stolen and used. On my last day in Europe…"Sep 2, 2015
Nearby hotels
Special features
Bodyna Spa has 3 treatment rooms. Services include massages, facials, body wraps, and body scrubs. The spa is equipped with Turkish bath/hammam. A variety of treatment therapies are provided, including Ayurvedic.
DiningIndependencia - This restaurant specializes in Spanish cuisine and serves breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Guests can order drinks at the bar and enjoy alfresco dining (weather permitting).
Hotel Hospes Madrid, Madrid's small print
Also known as
- Hospes
- Hospes Madrid
- Hotel Hospes
- Hotel Hospes Madrid
- Madrid Hotel Hospes
- Hospes Hotel Madrid
- Hospes Madrid Hotel Madrid
- Madrid Hospes Hotel
Cash transactions at this property cannot exceed EUR 2500, due to national regulations. For further details, please contact the property using information in the booking confirmation.
This property's policy is to refuse certain bookings for the purpose of group events or parties, including pre-wedding stag/bachelor and hen/bachelorette parties.
Only registered guests are allowed in the guestrooms.
For transfers, guests must contact the property before arrival at the number on the booking confirmation.
Optional extras
Valet parking costs EUR 32 per day
Rollaway beds are available for EUR 60 per night
Breakfast is offered for an extra charge of EUR 25 per person (approximately)
Babysitting/childcare is available for an extra charge
Pets are allowed for an extra charge of EUR 30 per accommodation, per stay
Airport shuttle service is offered for an extra charge of EUR 90 per vehicle (roundtrip)
Area shuttle service is offered for an extra charge
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.


text:
Amazon updates Goodreads app to make it more social
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Finalists announced for 2014 Vancouver Book Award
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Vancouver's lit startups write the next chapter in publishing
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Fifty Shades of Grey trailer released
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Nov 10, 1970
|Filing date
|Apr 3, 1969
|Priority date
|Apr 3, 1969
|Publication number
|Phillip J Joseph, Paul Rosenthal
|Original Assignee
|Cornell Aeronautical Labor Inc
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Referenced by (4), Classifications (19)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
United States Patent inventors Phillip J. Joesph North Tonwanda; Paul Rosenthal, Amherst, New York Appl. No. 813,021 Filed 1 April 3, 1969 Patented Nov. 10, 1970 Assignee Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory, Inc.
Buffalo, New York a corporation of New York CAVITATION MACHINING APPARATUS 8 Claims, 2 Drawing Figs,
U.S. CL, 1. 83/701, 83/13, 241/1, 241/46 lint. Cl B261 1/26 83/13, 53,
177, 701: 241/1, 46, 301 z 5 I/(Super Sonic Digest) [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,580,716 1/1952 Balamuth 51/(SuperSonic)UX 2,722,498 11/1955 Morrelletal..... 241/1X 3,173,034 3/1965 Dickeyetal 1/(S p r ni X Primary ExaminerWilliam S. Lawson Attorney- Allen J. J affe ABSTRACT: A cavitation machining apparatus contained in a hemispherical shell, a high-pressure liquid environment; ultrasonic transducers attached to the interior of the shell, the ultrasonic waves emanating from which being focused at a common point; and a container for delivering small nonwetting particles adjacent said common point.
Patented Nov. 10, 1970 3,538,803
BY QQQW ATTORNEY Patented Nov. 10, 1970 Sheet .3 of2 INVENTOR PHILLIP J. JOSEPH. PAUL ROSENTHAL.
ATTORNEY 1 CAVITATION MACHINING APPARATUS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to machining or material removal techniques and, more particularly, to material removal by controlled cavitation erosion. As used herein the term cavitation machining is applicable to any material removal process that is based on intensifying and controlling what is usually called cavitation damage.
There are many situations where environmental or other conditions preclude the application of conventional machining processes. For example, certain materials exhibiting high strength, hardness or brittleness cannot be effectively machined by traditional techniques. Certain nonconventional techniques have been developed, among'which are; chemical machining, electrochemical machining and electrodischarge machining. Other types of machining applications require some form of contact with the material tobe machined and, therefore, are not suitable in situations where extreme delicacy is required. Such delicacy would be required, for example, in deep sea salvage operations involving explosives.
In addition, at extreme sea depths conventional under water flame cutting is rendered difficult if not impossible due to the inability to sustain a torch at high pressures.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The foregoing as well as other disadvantages are overcome according to the principles of the present invention which provides an apparatus for machining which intensifies and controls the cavitation erosion processes of the material to be machined.
Cavitation is a phenomenon characterized by the rapid or violent formation of vapor cavities or bubbles in a region of a liquid subjected to very low pressure. Material damage or cavitation erosion occurs as the result of the shock waves developed when the cavitation bubbles collapse. The shock impacts lead to material removal by fracture for brittle materials and fatigue failure for ductile materials.
Cavitation in ordinary liquid, such as water, under normal conditions of pressure and gas content would not lead to material removal rates high enough to be useful. By increasing the frequency and magnitude of collapse pressures the intensity of the cavitation bubble growth and collapse process is increased whereby material removal rates are increased.
Cavitation can occur in both the gaseous and vaporous form. Only vaporous cavitation can lead to high material erosion rates. Gaseous cavitation occurs when the liquid contains dissolved gas and as a result the bubbles contain mostly gas and do not collapse violently since the high gas content has a cushioning effect. As a consequence pure gaseous cavitation does not cause much material erosion. On the other hand, vaporous cavitation which predominates in those cases where the liquid has a low gas content is characterized by rapid and violent bubble collapses which generate the local shock waves responsible for most cavitation erosion effects.
Vaporous cavitation carried out as a controlled material removal process can be greatly enhanced by using degassed fluid under high hydrostatic pressure and with the introduction of artificial nuclei. l-ligh hydrostatic fluid pressure will allow higher bubble energy densities and correspondingly higher collapse pressures. However, at these higherfluid pressures the liquid is substantially denucleated, that is, the minute bubbles of gas associated with microscopic dust particles al ways present in even the purest of liquid will be forced into solution at these high pressures. Cavitation would be difficult to achieve in the absence of these nuclei. To facilitate cavitation at these high pressures lyophobic (nonwetting) colloids of the proper size are added to the liquid. The introduction of such artificial nuclei in addition to introducing voids of known size also enables control of the cavitation bubble population.
Cavitation is induced on the surface of an immersed workpiece by means of rapid pressure fluctuations set up by intense ultrasonic waves. v
Basically the present invention provides an open cavitation chamber adapted to operate in liquid at a high hydrostatic pressure, a plurality of transducers configured to generate high frequency ultrasonic waves which converge in the vicinity of a workpiece; and means for supplying lyophobic nuclei particles adjacent the workpiece.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 2is a sectional view of the apparatus illustrated in FIG.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Referring now to the drawings and, more particularly, to FIG. 1 the cavitation machining apparatus is depicted in an undersea environment and is adapted to perform a cutting or scoring operation on a workpiece 10, which might be the hull of a submerged ship or the like.
A substantially hemispherical shell 12 is adapted to rest on the workpiece 10 by means of projecting legs 14, which are so spaced as to allow communication between the exterior and interior of the shell 12. Shell 12 may be fabricated of any suitablematerial such as steel. The shell 12 is adapted to slide along the submerged workpiece 10 as the cutting operation progresses. To this end, any manipulator suitable for service in the high-pressure liquid environment may be provided. Shown schematically in FIG. 1' is a pair of grips 16 of such a manipulator cooperating with a handle 18 on the shell. As shown in FIG. 2 the interior hemispherical surface 20 of shell 12 defines the bounds of a cavitation chamber 22. Mounted on surface 20 is hemispherical mosaic transducer array, theindividual transducers of which are depicted schematically at 24, 26 and 28; The transducers are preferably of a piezoelectric material such as lead zirconate or lead .titanate and are affixed to wall 20 by means of a suitable sound-absorbent material such as closed cell sponges 30. Alternatively, silicon rubber can be used. The transducers are connected to a suitable power supply (not illustrated) via leads 32, 34 and 36 and conduit 38. Any conventional power supply can be utilized that is capable of symmetrically loading the transducers to vibrate in the half-wave resonant thickness mode. A typical power supply would have the following capabilities; 60 kc. pulsed signal output carrier frequency; 20 msec. pulse length; 5 pulses per 'secondrepitition frequency; peak power of 30 kw.; average power of 3 kw. and an output voltage of less than volts. The driving frequency of the transducers can be up to 10 I-Iz.
The transducers are arranged and so phased such that the ultrasonic waves emanating therefrom are focused on the workpiece at the area P to be cut or scored. The paths of several of these waves are depicted at the broken lines t. g
A nuclei material dispenser in the form of a cylindrical tube 40 terminating in a tapered open ended tip 42 is inserted through an opening in shell 12 with the tip located adjacent the workpiece P, the focal point of the ultrasonic waves. Particles 44 of a suitable nonwetting material are contained within tube 40 and are compacted towards tip 42 by means 'of a piston member 46 slidable within the tube. Tube 40 has a lateral port 48 to allow the hydrostatic pressure acting on piston 46 to equal that of chamber 22. The end of tube 40 remote from tip 42 is located cxteriorly of shell Hand is closed by a cap 50 removably affixed thereto. A transducer 52 similar to those previously described is fixed to cap 50 by means of a suitable sound-absorbent material 54, which may be a closed cell sponge. Lead 56 from the transducer is connected to the power supply through conduit 38 for the excitation thereof. This transducer functions to vibrate piston 46 by ultrasonic waves which causes a supply of nuclei 44 to be dispensed adjacent the workpiece as is shown. Any other suitable means for dispensing the particles from the tube 40 may be utilized.
in operation, the shell 12 is located on top of workpiece at a submerged depth whereat the hydrostatic pressure is sufficiently high that the liquid is substantially degassed. Such condition can occur at depths of 10,000 feet or more. Actuation of transducer 52 generates ultrasonic waves which cause piston 46 to vibrate causing a supply of nuclei material 44 to be dispensed adjacent the workpiece. The actuation of transducers 24, 26 and 28 generates intense ultrasonic waves t which, due to the curved shape of these transducers, are focused or reinforced at P, the area where material is to be removed. The lyophobic particles 44 arriving at point P form the nuclei for bubbles of optimum size which causes the fluid to cavitate in response to the rapid pressure fluctuations set up at P by the intense ultrasonic waves. The collapse of the bubbles create shock waves which upon impact with the workpiece, cause material to be eroded away therefrom at point P. Shell 12 can then be moved to extend the line of cut as shown in FIG. 1. Since the transducers vibrate radially outwardly as well as radially inwardly the material 30 functions to absorb the radially outward waves.
It is believed that nonwetting particles 44 whose molecular structure is different from that of the liquid behave as weak spots in the liquid due to the weak intermolecular linkages existing at the liquid-solid interfaces. The ultrasonic waves set up alternate tension and compression fluctuations. During the tension cycle voids or bubbles are created at the weak liquidsolid interface, which voids or bubbles collapse violently upon the compression cycle of the fluctuating ultrasonic waves. This violent collapse is accompanied by intense shock waves which cause the erosion as discussed above.
Any suitable nonwetting (lyophobic) material in colloidal form can be utilized in container 40. Examples of such material are metals such as gold, hydrocarbon compounds such as latex, or ceramic colloidal compounds. Since the mechanism of bubble growth and collapse at any transducer frequency and pressure depends on the size of the bubble nuclei, it is possible to control and optimize the cavitation process by use of properly sized material in container 40. At the operating conditions noted above and at a pressure of 10 atmosphere it has been determined that particle sizes of less than 33 X 10- meters would produce satisfactory results.
Although the foregoing description has related to underwater machining, it is possible to utilize similar apparatus for special machining or scoring operations on land. In which case shell 12 would have to be sealed and means would be provided to deliver thereto a supply of substantially degassed fluid at high hydrostatic pressures. Also, the walls of the shell would have to be made strong enough to withstand the high internal pressure.
Although a preferred embodiment of the invention has been described, changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Therefore, it is intended that the invention is tobe limited only by the scope of the appended claims.
We claim:
1. A cavitation machining apparatus, comprising:
a. a cavitation chamber adapted to contain liquid at a high hydrostatic pressure;
b. means located within said chamber for generating high frequency sound waves converging at a focal point; and
c. means for supplying small particles of a lyophobic material adjacent said focal point.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
d. said cavitation chamber comprises a generally hemispherical shell; and
e. said first-mentioned means comprise a plurality of ultrasonic transducers generally conforming in shape to the interior of said hemispherical shell.
3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein: f. said means for supplying comprises a container having an outlet opening adjacent said focal point, and there is further provided within said container;
g. an ultrasonic transducer adapted to vibrate and cause the ejection of the particles within said container.
4. The apparatus according to claim I, wherein:
d. said first-mentioned means comprise a plurality of ultrasonic transducers; and
e. said means for supplying comprises a container having an outlet opening adjacent said focal point.
5. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein:
f. the interior of said cavitation chamber is substantially spherical in shape, the center of which coincides with said focal point; and
g. said ultrasonic transducers are curved to conform to the contour of the interior of said chamber, the center of curvature of which coincides with the center of said sphere and said focal point.
6. The apparatus according to claim 5, further comprising:
h. small particles of a lyophobic material located in said container.
7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein:
i. said transducers are affixed to the interior of said cavitation chamber, and there is further provided;
j. a sound absorbing material between said transducers and the interior of said chamber.
8. The apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising:
k. an ultrasonic transducer located within said container for vibrating said small particles.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Apr 12, 1985
|Feb 3, 1987
|Indescor Hydrodynamics Inc.
|Method and apparatus for removal of surface material
|Apr 7, 1986
|Aug 18, 1987
|Vereinigte Edelstahlwerke Aktiengesellschaft (Vew)
|Liquid jet cutting machine for cutting workpieces, especially flat workpieces
|Dec 31, 1986
|Aug 8, 1989
|Indescor Hydrodynamics Inc.
|Method and apparatus for removal of surface material
|Jan 28, 1988
|Mar 6, 1990
|The Water Group, Inc.
|Method for removing oxidizable contaminants in cooling water used in conjunction with a cooling tower
|U.S. Classification
|83/701, 241/46.1, 241/1, 83/13
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
Favstar gets even better if you sign in.
Gift @garybernhardt Favstar Pro to unlock their best tweet!Gift them Pro!
If you watch the software industry backwards, it starts with kids flailing; ends with old guys solving impossible problems by thinking hard.
2004 (11 years later): Web 2.0.
2015 (11 years later): we wrote everything in javascript and literally nothing works sorry lol
Programmer's motto: "We'll cross that bridge when it's burning underneath us."
Reminder to people whose "big data" is under a terabyte: servers with 1 TB RAM can be had about $20k. Your data set fits in RAM.
instead of "software engineer", consider "technical debt broker"
Some people, when confronted with numbers, think "I know, I'll add them with JavaScript." Now they have 1.99999999999997 problems.
Blogged: "TDD, Straw Men, and Rhetoric" https://www.destroyallsoftware.com/blog/2014/tdd-straw-men-and-rhetoric …
"Private enterprise drives innovation", he wrote on a network created with public money via a computer running 100M lines of GPLed code.
Today is our quarterly reminder that Linus gave us a completely distributed VCS, so we stored all of our repos in a single point of failure.
18 years of programming. I wrote kernel drivers, compilers, web servers, know a couple dozen languages. I can't make JavaScript scroll down.
Programmers: good at building machines with 17 meta-knobs that turn the 90 underlying knobs; bad at asking "why are there so many knobs?"
The video of "The Birth & Death of JavaScript", a history from 1995 until 2035, is up. So many hours of my life! https://www.destroyallsoftware.com/talks/the-birth-and-death-of-javascript …
>>> def method_missing(n, *a, &b); send(methods.min_by { |m| levenshtein(n.to_s, m.to_s) }, *a, &b); end
>> p [1, 2, 3].elngth
It's fine.
2008: "Git is decentralized! You don't need a server!" 2015: GitHub raises $250m at $2b valuation.
I've written this tweet so many times.
I'm sick of hearing this 10x programmer myth repeated. As all JavaScript programmers know, it's actually the 9.999999999997x programmer.
Blogged: "Test Isolation Is About Avoiding Mocks" https://www.destroyallsoftware.com/blog/2014/test-isolation-is-about-avoiding-mocks …
Never use the graphical tool; always learn the old Unix tool. You'll be far more effective over time and your data will still work in 2030.
JavaScript is literally the worst computer thing. RT @jleedev: .@garybernhardt
> ['10','10','10','10','10'].map(parseInt)
[10, NaN, 2, 3, 4]
History is more important than the shiny new thing you saw on HN. Your problem was solved, probably better than you'll solve it, in the 70s.
not a rubyist, not a husband, not a father, not a christian, not a dog, not a horse
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Smart leaders understand the value of recognizing (and rewarding!) their top performers. For Arvest Asset Management, this means more than just handing out a check. They roll out the red carpet… Literally! Read More...


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Pendleton Health and Rehabilitation CenterRead MoreThe staff at Pendleton Health and Rehabilitation Center in Mystic is professional and readily available to treat your medical symptoms. This clinic offers a wide range of alternative services that will meet or even exceed your needs, such as physiotherapy. We all get sick when we least expect it, and luckily for you the doctors at Pendleton Health and Rehabilitation Center are available to assist with your medical needs.44 Maritime DrMystic, CT US
Lawrence and Memorial Hosp EmplRead MoreWhether you're a resident of Mystic or a visitor, Lawrence and Memorial Hosp Empl is here for you when medical assistance is needed. Patients can rest assured knowing that this medical facility offers physicals and medical checkups and other beneficial treatments. When the unexpected happens, you'll be glad you chose Lawrence and Memorial Hosp Empl as your medical care provider.14 Clara DrMystic, CT US
Schwindt David A MDRead MoreSchwindt David A MD makes it easy to schedule appointments with their medical offices in Mystic. Schwindt David A MD understands that accidents happen and that's why they offer a wide range of medical treatments, including medical checkups. The next time you're not feeling well, remember that Schwindt David A MD is ready to help you get back to 100%.23 Clara DrMystic, CT US
Joslin Diabetes CenterRead MoreIn need of medical assistance? Head on over to Joslin Diabetes Center in Mystic for quick and efficient treatment. Joslin Diabetes Center offers nurturing and beneficial healthcare services and treatments, including physicals and medical checkups. When you need medical advice from a professional doctor, you can turn to Joslin Diabetes Center.14 Clara DrMystic, CT US
Parker Prior L MDRead MoreMystic's Parker Prior L MD offers a comprehensive range of services for those in need of medical assistance. Keep your mind and body healthy with the efficient and beneficial medical treatments and services offered at Parker Prior L MD. Don't let your health fall by the wayside, and set up an appointment at Parker Prior L MD today.200 Sandy Hollow RdMystic, CT US
Daniel Leroy WaggonerRead MoreDon't let your conditions worsen. Head to Daniel Leroy Waggoner in Mystic for proper medical treatment. For medical treatments such as medical checkups, Daniel Leroy Waggoner has you covered. The care you receive at Daniel Leroy Waggoner is second to none, so remember it at those times when you're not feeling your best.23 Clara DrMystic, CT US


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Jan 17 Video games maker Electronic Arts Inc's shares rose as much as 12 percent after a report said three of its games were among the top 10 sellers in the United States last month, raising the company's growth prospects for the year.
'Battlefield 4' was the second-highest selling game in the United States in December, while 'Madden 14' and 'FIFA 14' were fourth and ninth, according to market research firm NPD.
"Given solid December sell-through, we think EA may actually have a chance of posting a decent beat vs. guidance and consensus," Cowen and Co analyst Doug Creutz wrote in a note.
The brokerage said it was "very positive" about Electronic Arts' prospects for 2014, given strong pre-orders for the company's 'Titanfall' game, to be launched in about two months.
Activision Blizzard Inc's 'Call of Duty: Ghosts' was the top selling game last month.
Electronic Arts is scheduled to report its results for the third quarter on Jan. 28.
Analysts are expecting the company to report a profit of $1.24 per share on revenue of $1.66 billion, according to Thomson Reuters I/B/E/S.
Electronic Arts raised its adjusted earnings forecast for the year ending March 2014 to $1.25 per share from $1.20 per share in October.
Analysts are expecting a full-year profit of $1.28 per share on revenue of $4.02 billion.
Electronic Arts' shares were up 12 percent at $24.11 on Friday afternoon on the Nasdaq. (Reporting by Soham Chatterjee in Bangalore; Editing by Kirti Pandey)


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HN-CMI684 Colonial Mills
Colonial Mills Courtyard Utility BasketItem # HN-CMI684
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Durable and versatile, the Colonial Mills Courtyard Utility Basket is a unique addition to any space. Store, display, and tote items from room to room with this handy basket, which features polyester/ wool blend fibers and classic flat-braided construction. The rigid sides make for easy transport, and the two convenient handles are an added bonus. This basket is available in your choice of rich solid colors and coordinates beautifully with the Colonial Mills Courtyard rugs for a cohesive


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Sitter in 1 portrait
by Dolamore & Bullock
Arthur Bailey Thompson(active 1860-1865), Writer and historian
Sitter in 1 portrait
by Dolamore & Bullock
albumen carte-de-visite, early-mid 1860s
NPG Ax38177
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We hear you loud and clear about guns, President Obama. It's a little odd though, that you'd make insinuations about taking our guns away after the recent college shooting in Oregon, especially now that the EU Times reports the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation (FSB) listed the shooter as an "American black-Islamist terror suspect" not quite the "white Republican" some initially suggested. ISIS also allegedly claimed culpability.
The U.S. regime change policy for Syria has been a catastrophe. More than 200,000 killed and an entire country reduced to rubble at least partly because President Obama decided that "Assad has lost his legitimacy."
Socialism is a failed ideology. It was the avant-garde approach to how to do government in the Twentieth Century. The Soviet Union was the flagship petri dish that conquered, infiltrated or ingratiated themselves with many other nations to establish them as additional petri dishes (Hello, Cuba).
Sometimes life is almost too ironic for words. Average Americans look at the way the world is drifting, and just shake their heads.
Bernie Sanders and Robert Reich Are Confused by Economics. And Government. And Reality | Seton Motley
Here we go: Jeb Bush's campaign weighing whether to have George W. hit the trail for him in South Carolina | Allahpundit


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A versatile, yet compact metal portable background stand. Matte black finish. Stand opens to 9'5" wide, 8'10" high and collapses to 44" for ease of carrying. The vertical uprights can be used as light stands for a completely versatile All-in-One system. Comes complete with a bag. The perfect background stand for location photography. Weighs 12lbs. Accommodates 53" x 12 yds. or 107" x 12 yds. rolls of paper or fabric background.
This kit includes a roll 53" x 1 2' Seamless White Background Paper


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Apple Inc.'s stock is one of the few shining lights on Thursday, breaking a 52-week high on blowout third-quarter profit driven by stronger-than-expected sales of its flagship Macintosh computers and iPods. The stock is trading at $144.89 (U.S.), up 5.6 per cent or $7.63 on the Nasdaq, after trading as high as $148.50. RBC Dominion Securities analyst Mike Abramsky raised his price target to $175 from $160, citing his fiscal 2008 outlook. He called the company's fourth-quarter guidance conservative, saying he expects even stronger Mac and iPhone momentum in the final quarter, offsetting margin concerns. Apple shipped 270,000 iPhones in less than two days of sales after the launch and Mr. Abramsky writes that demand is being sustained. The company is still targeting shipments of 10 million iPhones in the first 18 months.
Follow us on Twitter: @GlobeInvestor


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- Class in session for No. 1 overall pick Karl-Anthony Towns Updated: Sep-30-15 6:53 pm
MINNEAPOLIS - On one side of Karl-Anthony Towns is Kevin Garnett, the 39-year-old Alpha Wolf who ushered in a new era of teenagers in the NBA when he jumped straight to the pros in 1995.
- Garnett returns to help Wolves, Mitchell while Flip is away Updated: Sep-28-15 5:44 pm
MINNEAPOLIS - Flip Saunders brought Kevin Garnett back home to help turn a young, impressionable Minnesota Timberwolves roster into a group that can pull the franchise out of a decade of futility.
- Wolves GM: 'We're not talking about trading Ricky' Updated: Sep-25-15 12:14 pm
MINNEAPOLIS - When the Minnesota Timberwolves signed Ricky Rubio to a four-year, $56 million contract extension before last season, it was a giant show of faith that the young point guard was going to be an integral part of pulling the long-suffering franchise out of the NBA basement.
- AP Source: Timberwolves buy out Anthony Bennett for $3.65M Updated: Sep-23-15 6:48 pm
MINNEAPOLIS - The deck seemed stacked against Anthony Bennett almost from the moment he entered the NBA.
- Nets GM King promises athleticism, but not championships Updated: Sep-22-15 5:18 pm
EAST RUTHERFORD, New Jersey - Brooklyn Nets general manager Billy King reached his goal of reducing the payroll and getting younger players in the offseason.
- Kander comes to Minnesota to work magic with Wolves Updated: Sep-18-15 4:08 am
MINNEAPOLIS - Arnie Kander was retired. The well-respected physical therapist and strength coach had called it a career and was assimilating to his first summer out of the NBA in nearly a quarter century.
- Timberwolves coach Saunders hospitalized in cancer treatment Updated: Sep-11-15 1:32 pm
MINNEAPOLIS - Flip Saunders has been hospitalized for testing and treatment following a setback in his fight with cancer, leaving his leadership roles with the Minnesota Timberwolves indefinitely to focus on his health.


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Boren Town Halls
U.S. Rep. Dan Boren said some Democrats have been frustrated this year. AP File Photo
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The Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society's (BAMS) peer-reviewed articles and Early Online Releases are available through Journals Online and are open to all.
The BAMS Digital Edition and iOS App, which include the entire magazine, are available to all individual AMS members.
All AMS journal articles — including Early Online Releases (EORs)— are citeable and searchable by all.
Abstracts, full articles published over two years ago, and articles chosen by their authors to be Open Choice are also available to all. Access to full article EORs and published articles from the most recent two years is restricted to subscribers.
AMS Books grew out of a monograph publishing program related to the peer-reviewed journals published by the AMS and now encompasses a series of meteorological and historical monographs that reaches back five decades as well as a growing list of academic, policy, and general-interest books related to the atmospheric sciences.
Authors should download the new template that addresses all AMS formatting requirements for manuscript submissions to all AMS Journals and the Bulletin of the AMS. Also consult the updated LaTeX FAQ for answers to your questions.
A joint publication of the AMS, the American Geophysical Union, and the Association of American Geographers, Earth Interactions has recently made some significant changes.
Tuesday, 4 February, 12:15–1:15 P.M.All authors want publication of their manuscript to go as quickly and smoothly as possible. In this workshop, AMS Director of Publications Ken Heideman and Journals Production Manager Mike Friedman will give an overview of how the AMS journals publication enterprise is evolving and detail how to optimally navigate the peer-review and production processes for AMS journals.


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People from Bay Area and Arizona hate real diversity.
People from Bay Area and Arizona hate real diversity.
Can someone please tell me more about the racist AIDS scarecrows?
Ever been to the ballet on acid? No. So you wouldn't understand.
Got it.
Last edited by Digitalstereo; 04-20-2012 at 05:36 PM.
Good thing I live in Santa Monica. LA sounds like a real shithole.
Alright, now yall got me sparking a blunt. LEMME HEAR YOU L.A. 420!
Last edited by VigoTheCarpathian; 04-20-2012 at 09:20 PM.
Lemme hear OAKLAND BITCHEZ!
Is it just me or does it seem like Snoop smokes a lot of weed?
Can you spot the bro.jpg
Last edited by VigoTheCarpathian; 04-21-2012 at 02:11 AM.
Goatchella, you would in fact be one of the first to go, but through your mass amounts of trolling, we have learned to accept and love your simple-mindedness. Forever cherished.
Please ban Mo-Mo's from Utah's Happy Valley--too much wholesome and identical groupings going on. Truly horrible...
Titus Andronicus @ The Chapel 09/28/15
FFS@ Fox Theatre Oakland 10/15/15
My Morning Jacket @ The Masonic 10/16/15
Neil Young @ the Masonic 10/17/15
Treasure Island 10/18/15
Blur @ Hollywood Bowl 10/20/15
Luna & Quilt @ Filmore 10/24/15
Hot Chip @ Fox Theatre Oakland 10/29/15
Deerhunter @ 9:30 Club 12/05/15
Deerhunter @ Union Transfer 12/06/15
These directions say we go to Tucson, Arizona.
10/9: Headless Horseman @ f8
10/16: MMJ @ The Masonic
10/16: Autechre @ Mezzanine
10/17: Neil Young @ Berkeley Greek
10/18: Treasure Island
10/18: Atlas Sound @ Swedish American Hall
10/21: Courtney Barnett @ The Fillmore
10/23: Luna, Quilt @ The Fillmore
10/24: Bridgeschool Benefit
10/29: Hot Chip @ The Fox
10/31: Juju & Jordash LIVE, Sassmouth
Fans of TheLastGreatMan Accessory Shop


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ClubCorp Holdings, Inc. Announces Confidential Submission of Draft Registration Statement for Initial Public Offering to Securities and Exchange Commission
DALLAS – ClubCorp Holdings, Inc. ("ClubCorp") announced today that it has previously submitted a draft registration statement on Form S-1 on a confidential basis, to the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") for a possible initial public offering of shares of its common stock. An affiliate of KSL Capital Partners, LLC is also expected to offer a portion of its shares in ClubCorp. The total number of shares to be offered and the price range for the offering have not yet been determined.
ClubCorp intends to use the net proceeds it receives from the offering to reduce a portion of outstanding indebtedness and for other general corporate purposes. The offering is expected to commence after the SEC completes the review process initiated by ClubCorp's confidential submission of its draft registration statement, subject to market and other conditions.
This announcement is being made pursuant to and in accordance with Rule 135 under the Securities Act of 1933. This press release does not constitute an offer to sell, or the solicitation of an offer to buy, securities, and shall not constitute an offer, solicitation, or sale in any jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation, or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of that jurisdiction.
Our Location3030 LBJ Freeway
Suite 600
Dallas, TX 75234
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From academics to extracurricular activities, technology to dining, and athletics to residence halls, Morrisville State College's video tours give you quick and complete access to the college, our students, and the campus.
See what sets us apart from the rest.
Campus News
- Oct 9Morrisville State College's Campus Activities Board takes home awards from regional conference
- Oct 2Morrisville State College makes the grade in U.S. News and World Report
- Oct 1Morrisville State College adds spark to welding lab thanks to Dominion Foundation grant
- Jul 10Morrisville State College horse, alumnus harness another victory for the college's equine racing programs
- Jun 3Two Morrisville State College athletes receive Chancellor's Scholar Athlete Award
How did your education at Morrisville get you to where you are today?
"The beauty of a Morrisville education was the diversity in which I gained while in attendance. Today it's helped me to adapt to various jobs and give me the tools to not be stagnant in an industry which is known to cause burn outs."
October 13, 2015
- All Day IFSEA Sponsored Yankee Candle Sale
- 9:30 AM - 10:30 AM Amsterdam High School
- 10:00 AM - 12:00 PM Career Services Office Hours
- 10:45 AM - 11:15 AM Johnstown High School Visit
- 6:00 PM - 8:00 PM Dutchess Community College Night Fair
- 8:30 PM - 9:30 PM Hamilton Men


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We have stayed at this well located property on a number of occasions. The hotel is adjacent to the Metro and Amtrak stations while Old Town can be reached on foot or by free trolley.
The rooms are spacious and comfortable. One us is interested in railroads and so enjoyed the view overlooking the tracks. Breakfast and a Manager's Reception in the early evening are included in the room rate which therefore represents excellent value. On each occasion that we have booked to stay, the prices and the range of available deals have been different. An excellent new innovation on this occasion was the premium rooms on the top floor which have 24 hour access to drinks/ snacks. Those who book their accommodation at a relatively early date would be well advised to check back nearer the time of their stay to see if a better deal is available. By doing this, we were able to change to a premium room with car parking and internet access and save a significant sum of money in the process. We hope to return!


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StartUpHire is the place to find Marketing Lead Generation Coordinator jobs. Review the list of Marketing Lead Generation Coordinator career opportunities to the left. These Marketing Lead Generation Coordinator jobs represent some of the most rewarding careers available.
You can refine your job search for Marketing Lead Generation Coordinator career opportunities by adding a job title, company name, or keyword to the search box above … or click the "Advanced Search" link for more options.
Don't see the employment opportunity you're looking for? Check back soon for more Marketing Lead Generation Coordinator jobs, or sign up for an email alert (link below) to receive periodic updates on new Marketing Lead Generation Coordinator jobs.
Marketing Minneapolis, Minnesota Apply Description We promise you haven?t worked with anyone like us before. We?re a Minneapolis / St. Paul, MN based startup that?s changing the way businesses do marketing, lead generation, and conversion rate optimization online. With a9/1/2015 Minneapolis, MN Save This Job
Description The Marketing Coordinator will play an integral part on the Marketing team and be responsible for coordinating, tracking and managing the execution of multiple marketing activities/tasks in support of the business strategy, sales goals and organizational objectives.8/11/2015 Atlanta, GA Save This Job
Summary and Responsibilities: If you are a team player, love working in multiple software services and across multiple channels and verticals within a company, then you may be a fit for the Marketing Operations Coordinator position at Alliance Health. The Ad Operations8/11/2015 Salt Lake City, UT Save This Job
This position will work directly with Marketing and Sales on a daily basis on prospect research development within the markets and industries we target. This coordinator position will report to the Lead Generation Manager, and will interact very closely with Sales Managers and9/5/2015 Boise, ID Save This Job
Summary This position is a high-visibility, high-impact role with broad responsibilities in a rapidly growing genomics technology company with direct influence on product strategy and direction. Primary Duties/Responsibilities Responsible for the development and execution of10/8/2015 San Diego, CA Save This Job
ID 2015-2014 # of Openings 1 Job Locations US-FL-Fort Lauderdale Category Marketing More information about this job: Who We Are: Enjoy what you do while contributing to a company that makes a difference in people?s lives. CHG Healthcare is one of the largest providers of8/17/2015 Fort Lauderdale, FL Save This Job
ID 2015-2106 # of Openings 1 Job Locations US-UT-Salt Lake City Category Marketing More information about this job: Who We Are: Enjoy what you do while contributing to a company that makes a difference in people?s lives. CHG Healthcare is one of the largest providers of9/16/2015 Salt Lake City, UT Save This Job


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The Life Of David Gale
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Watch The Life Of David Gale Online
Release:February 7, 2003
RunTime:2 hr 10 min
IMDB Rating:7.5/10 (69609 votes)
Director:Alan ParkerActors:Kate Winslet, Cleo King, Constance Jones, Kevin Spacey, Laura Linney(View All)
Description: Watch The Life Of David Gale full movie online for free directed by Alan Parker produced in 2003. Genres are Crime, Drama, Thriller.
Fatal error: Allowed memory size of 33554432 bytes exhausted (tried to allocate 13416702 bytes) in /home/star10/public_html/cache-credits/The_Life_Of_David_Gale_2003.php on line 1


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These bars have a little bit of everything.
Soft and gooey, delightfully chewy. And very chocolatey!
Filled with all sorts of delicious & wholesome ingredients, like oats and berries, and chocolate chips. These chocolate chip oatmeal bars are just the thing for people who don't want to choose; for people who want to have it all.
Chocolate Chip Everything Bars
(makes 12-16)
Adapted from White Bean Blondies.
- 1/4 cup rolled or quick oats (20g)
- 3/4 tsp baking powder
- 1/8 tsp baking soda
- 1/4 tsp salt
- 1/4 cup shredded coconut (regular or reduced-fat) (15g)
- 1 (15-oz) can garbanzo beans or white beans, drained and rinsed (250g after draining)
- 1/4 cup xylitol or sugar or evaporated cane juice (40g)
- 2 NuNaturals stevia packets, or omit and increase sugar to 1/2 cup
- 3 tbsp coconut or vegetable oil (30g) (I can't vouch for the resulting taste if you omit this or sub something in its place.)
- 2 tbsp applesauce (30g)
- 2 tsp pure vanilla extract (8g)
- 3-5 tbsp chocolate chips, plus more for the top
- 1/4 cup chopped walnuts or pecans (30g)
- 1/2 cup freeze-dried berries (28g)(or dry fruit such as raisins)
Preheat oven to 350 F and grease an 8×8 square pan. Combine the first 11 ingredients in a food processor (not a blender), and blend until completely smooth, scraping down the sides as necessary. Stir in the remaining three ingredients, transfer to the pan, and sprinkle some extra chocolate chips on top, very lightly pressing them down into the batter. Bake 30 minutes, then let cool completely before cutting into chocolate chip squares or chocolate chip bars. For troubleshooting, see the FAQ page at the top of my blog; and feel free to make changes to the recipe, but at your own risk.
View Chocolate Chip Bars Nutrition Facts
Do you like having choices? Or are you the kind of person who hates making decisions?
Choices are nice… but sometimes I actually prefer restaurants with just one or two choices on the menu or clothing stores with very little merchandise, making it easier to take everything in at once. Expansive shops like Forever 21 overwhelm me–I don't even know where to start, and I usually just give up completely.
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BALT® Dual Laser Printer Stand with 3 Shelves
by Balt
Copyright 2002 - 2015 by Wayfair LLC. All rights reserved. Wayfair LLC,
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02116 | Terms of Use
| Site Map
formerly CSN Stores
Join the Free Wayfair Business Program to receive member-only pricing and a dedicated account manager.


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Aurisonics Rockets Solo Precision Micro-Dynamic Noise Isolating In-Ear Headphones
" For larger views of any of the photos (1200 x 800) - please click on the individual images INTRODUCTION I'm a bit of a noob with regard to Aurisonics, having never heard any of their earphones before. However, I had heard a lot of good things about the Aurisonics Rockets, so when my trans-Tasman mate H20 asked me if I'd like to spend some time with his pair, I jumped at the chance. ..." --Brooko
Aurisonics AS-2
" Synopsis: The Aurisonics AS-2 is a high-end custom-fit in-ear stage monitor with a lively, rich sound. It has a unique, crossover-free design that allows its 15mm dynamic driver and two special balanced armatures to work together seamlessly. With an adjustable bass port system, the AS-2 provides a real bass energy in just the amount you want. Combined with a lush midrange and an accurate,..." --Kunlun
AWEI ES-900i Headset Earphones Speakers with Mic for Smart Phone - Black
"I actually have the ES900m, which doesn't have microphone and control buttons, but the rest is the same. For $6 it's impossible to buy a pair of earphones as good as them. I really believe that the body of the earphones are metal, even if they are not, it's made of a very durable plastic. It's nothing like the entry-level Sony or Philips earphones which are made of cheap..." --mrplt
Aurisonics ASG-2.5 Generic Fit Digital-Hybrid In-Ear Monitors in Polished Red
"Aurisonics ASG-2.5 Review Introduction Many thanks to samma3a.com for providing me with a ASG2.5 for a week to review. Aurisonics is a Nashville, Tennessee, US based company that produces mostly by hand and it shows. Aurisonics stands for Auris is latin for ear and Sonics is the practical application of sound. A nice name for an audio company. When a mastering engineer founds..." --Koolpep
Aurisonics ASG-1PLUS
"This is my first review on Headfi and the main purpose was to get the sound signature of ASG1+ out to the public since the news of its release was mostly overshadowed by ASG2.5. I do hope these impressions help for those who are actually considering the ASG1+. I have never been a fan of the ASG2, which was the only IEM of the Aurisonics line I had heard before the release of the new..." --destrozer
Aurisonics ASG-2
" Introduction The ASG-2 is Aurisonics' second (official) foray into the world of iems. The guys over at Aurisonics cater primarily to the music professional crowd, and their products are generally tuned for stage use. Their original ASG-1 was a perfect example of this, with its ability to present vocals in a way that made it seem as if the notes were rolling off your own..." --eke2k6
AWEI ES800M In-Ear Hi-Fi Headphone
"The ES800 are the kind of IEMs you won't like how they sound out of the box: they sound thin and aggressive, with piercing mids and highs. Then you will question the design: the hideous "gold drop" on the back, the flat cable, the enormous cable splitter. The tips are not so good either. So, there is a chance that, for 3 or 4 dollars, you will give it to that annoying cousin, or forget about it..." --Mellowship
Aurisonics ASG-1 Rev 1.3
" I quite literally took a shot with these after the NY Meet. It was between these and the UE900s and I'm rather content with the decision, from the cable to the build, to the fit. Everything works. These are clearly stage monitors tuned so you can ear voices clearly and exact positioning of instruments. Because of this they have a great and slightly forward midrange. However for what they do..." --kyuuketsuki
Aurisonics ASG-B
"[Originally posted at Basshead.Club] Bring on the thunder. The Aurisonics ASG-B has the most bass depth of any IEM to grace my ears. They are absolutely thunderous, digging deep into your chest and taking your breath away. Aurisonics ASG-B In the Box Shock/Dust/Waterproof hard case SureSeal™ tips Cleaning tool ASG-B Detachable cable Aurisonics ASG-B..." --Luckbad
AWEI ES-Q9 Super Bass Wooden Earphones Headphones Headsets Fiber Cable for Mp3 Smart Phone
"The Awei Q9s are really bang for bucks! You can't go wrong with these! Unless you have tiny ears... Packaging: the packaging is standard. It brings the S/M/L tips and a shirt-clip. However, the earbuds are snugged in a very good foamy protective material. Build quality: the Q9s look nice and they sure are big. So big that I doubt anyone with small ears will be able to insert..." --Mellowship


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A simple tufted headboard from Carly is an easy way to add a little sophistication to your bedroom. This bedding headboard is covered in microsuede and is filled with Dacron foam that provides a cushy place for you to lean against. Its built on a pine frame and has a steel finish. Spot clean only. Available in assorted colors and twin, full and queen sizes.
Frame Material: Pine
Metal Finish: Steel
Maximum Weight Capacity: 33.000
Care and Cleaning: Spot Clean only
Dimensions: 51.000H 41.000W 4.000D
Headboard Dimensions: 51.000H 41.000W 4.000D
other Info.
- Made in the USA


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I'm remembering a piece we posted last fall on OWN shifting its focus to its African American viewers:Read More »
I usually look up book titles whenever announcements are made about any being adapted to film - especially if I'm not familiar with the novel. Ya just never know what its content might hold, and whether it'll relate to this site's interests.Read More »
As of two days ago The Hunger Games' domestic gross was up above $173 million dollars. It will clearly be above $200 million before the weekend. It's a success so the nitpicking has started. We've seen the posts on the racist tweets and now there are people complaining that Jennifer Lawrence looked a bit too healthy playing a character who was supposed to be poor and hungry.Read More »
I'm excited to announce that I've joined the wonderful editorial team at Ribbon Pig. Established in 2011 and based in Montreal, Ribbon Pig is the literary wing of Maison Kasini, an art gallery and publishing house that focuses on making innovative and accessible work. In December 2011, Ribbon Pig released its first volume of writing, an art-box consisting of five saddle-stitched booklets, two poems on cards, a poetry collection in origami, an accordion-fold poem, a small sculpture, a ping pong ball and a book of matches. All of the Ribbon Pig titles are also available as separate entities. Now, we're looking to publish a second volume of poetry, fiction, essays, and other forms of literary expression. We're interested in writing that focuses on contemporary issues, settings, and ideas. Do you have some work that we should see? Our call for submissions is now open, and the deadline is April 10, 2012. Check out all of the details here.Read More »
It was just about a week ago that we highlighted Florence And The Machine's "Never Let Me Go" in our newly revamped music video column, and if you're a fan of the flame-haired singer, we've got more good news for you. She's stepping up into summer blockbuster land with a brand new song.Read More »
When "Attack the Block" hit screens last summer, it almost immediately became everyone's favorite new cult hit. While we're still waiting with bated breath to find out what writer/director Joe Cornish will do next, someone who's taking considerably less time to line up his future projects is ATB's lead actor, John Boyega.Read More »
I think this just might be the very first time I've watched/heard him talk about playing the part... although he doesn't reveal a lot.Read More »
If Harvey Weinstein can turn a silent, black-and-white movie featuring French actors into an Oscar winner, then who's to say he can't turn the trick again? With the feeling of nostalgia still in the air thanks to "The Artist," "Hugo" and "Midnight In Paris," The Weinstein Company are hoping to match that success once again.Read More »
If you've been wondering where Cate Blanchett has been over the last couple of years you are not alone. She's been working -- hard -- running the very prestigious Sydney Theatre Company with her husband writer Andrew Upton.Read More »
I was surprised it was ever even released in the USA in the first place, after being in limbo for so long, and being pushed back repeatedly.Read More »