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Select Local Merchants
El ToritoRead MoreFor tasty Mexican fare, Bakersfield's El Torito is hard to top. If you're avoiding fat or gluten, you can still eat great at El Torito, which offers a number of low-fat and gluten-free choices. Drinks all around! Pair your dinner with a beverage from El Torito's full bar. El Torito is a suitable restaurant for both large and small groups. El Torito offers an informal dining experience for those who are allergic to jackets and ties. For those in a hurry, the restaurant lets you take your meal or snack to go. The restaurant also offers catering if you want to bring the flavors of El Torito to your next party or event. Parking is provided in a nearby lot, so diners can easily walk to and from their cars. Keeping an eye on your budget? El Torito is a perfect choice, with most meals costing less than $15. All major credit cards are accepted.4646 California AveBakersfield, CA US
Don Perico Mexican Grill & BarRead MoreDon Perico Mexican Grill & Bar in Bakersfield is known for its tasty eats. If you need to get somewhere fast, the restaurant also serves up grub to go. At Don Perico Mexican Grill & Bar, diners can score a guaranteed parking spot close to the restaurant. At Don Perico Mexican Grill & Bar, diners can make use of the safe bike rack.4646 California AvenueBakersfield, CA US
HabanerosRead MoreWith its bold Mexican cuisine, potent margaritas, and festive atmosphere, Habaneros provides passport-free escapes for diners. Culinary traditions strongly influence the chefs' creations, with everything from fresh, tableside guacamole and carne asada burritos to chicken in a mole sauce made from chocolate, nuts, and dried chilies. This authentic spirit is also apparent in the cantina's specialty seafood dishes. Sea offerings include a whole fried tilapia, tostadas topped with tangy shrimp ceviche, and kraken-stuffed enchiladas.4646 California AvenueBakersfield, CA US
Anita's Mexican GrillRead MoreFor tasty Mexican fare, Bakersfield's Anita's Mexican Grill is hard to top. Delectable dishes for any diet seems to be the motto at Anita's Mexican Grill. Anita's Mexican Grill also provides alcohol, so diners don't have to worry about bringing their own bottle. Carry-out is also available for those who prefer to enjoy Anita's Mexican Grill's cooking from the comfort of their own home. Bring the Anita's Mexican Grill's great food to your place. null Your bill at Anita's Mexican Grill will rarely go over $15, so you can really indulge! Breakfast, lunch, and dinner are all served at the restaurant, but reviewers rate the dinner menu the highest.4240 California AveBakersfield, CA US
El Pollo LocoRead MoreFor tasty Mexican fare, Bakersfield's El Pollo Loco is hard to top. Score low-fat and gluten-free eats at El Pollo Loco. For comfortable outdoor service, El Pollo Loco sets up a seasonal patio. Casual dining at its best, El Pollo Loco customers are free to enjoy themselves in jeans and a T-shirt. For those in a hurry, the restaurant lets you take your grub to go. Impress the diners at your next gathering by calling in El Pollo Loco for catering. For convenience, diners can park in a neighboring lot. Bike parking is quick and easy at El Pollo Loco. Going out for dinner doesn't mean overspending. Enjoy a delicious meal at El Pollo Loco for a fair price.3701 California AveBakersfield, CA US
Del TacoRead MoreOne of the most-visited fast food restaurants in Bakersfield, Del Taco offers terrific fast food. It's a culinary destination for visitors looking for outstanding food. There's not really a recommended attire, so feel free to dress comfortably and though the prices may be low, you can bank on the ingredients being fresh. It's often reported that the background noise can get a bit loud here. In addition to its quick service (both drive-thru and take-out are available), the restaurant also caters for events in the area. Located right in the heart of town, this Del Taco won't leave you disappointed. Don't worry about trying to find a spot on the street, as visitors to the restaurant do have access to a private parking lot nearby. Should you prefer to pedal over there, bicycle parking's also offered.3624 California AveBakersfield, CA US


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DPM: PAS won't have support if Malays back DAP
Deputy Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin took a swipe at PAS president Abdul Hadi Awang's call to the Malays to back DAP, saying PAS will not have any support left if this come true.
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Viral video: Mom gives 3-year-old a chance to try to win cupcake debate
Linda and Kenneth Beltran don't usually let their children call them by their first names. In fact, most of the time they are referred to as Mom and Dad. But ever since 3-year-old Mateo was taught his parents' names for safety reasons, he's learned when he should use the personal touch.
In a video taken by Linda Beltran and posted on YouTube just a month ago, Mateo proves his future debate abilities as he questions his mom's reasonings for not allowing him to have a cupcake.
"OK, Linda. Linda, listen, listen, listen," Mateo says in the video.
Since it was posted, the video has gone viral and attained more than 2 million views as viewers can't get enough of the 3-year-old holding his own with his mom.
Mateo first learned his parents' names after they realized the danger Mateo could be in if he didn't know how to find them.
"We came across a lost boy who could not for the life of him tell us his name or parents' names," Linda Beltran told UberSpotlight, The Blaze reported.
"We felt horrible, and as we handed him over to park staff we realized we'd never really told our boys what our names were — they only knew us as Mommy and Daddy. We didn't want them to ever be in the same situation and not know our names, so we taught them, and they quickly learned. This made Mateo feel a little empowered."
And that entitlement shines through in the video. Beltran explains in the video that she had told Mateo he could not have a cupcake, to which he then went and asked grandma for instead. When his mom begins to talk about spanking him and his little brother, Mateo won't have it.
"Linda, honey, honey, look at this, right now we can't do anything if we can't get anything out of the wall," Mateo says.
While some viewers have been taken back by the debate and view it as disrespectful, Beltran explained that she enjoys conversing with her children and even letting them win the debate some times.
"In an effort to raise independent young adults, we let our children have a voice. I'm a new parent and I'm learning as much from my kids as they are learning from me," Beltran said.
"I love seeing a little more of their personalities as they grow. Mateo has his own spunk and is becoming his own little person. I love that about him. The boys know when mom is serious and when they can engage in some healthy debate. In an effort to raise my kids with a voice, I pick my battles and sometimes let them feel like they've won or at least give them the chance to try."
Although comments have been blocked from the video, many have expressed their adoration of Mateo on social media.
All the ppl who think cupcake Mateo is a brat obviously prefer children who scream and throw tantrums. No thanks. http://t.co/VxmIbncR2f— Lauren Crothers (@laurencro) March 13, 2014
Lawyer in the making ....3-year-old Mateo Makes His Case for Cupcakes:
"Linda, honey, just listen."
http://t.co/JxFwPEmjIl— stray cat... (@FinallyEven) March 12, 2014
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The Albert Tavern
Open 365 days a year, the Albert is a large Victorian pub built in 1864. The pub has survived virtually in its original form with large etched glass windows, an ornate ceiling and among its other features the Prime Ministers Gallery, Queen Victoria's napkin and the Parliamentary Division Bell.
Our range of drinks includes cask ale and an extensive wine list as well as a great range of soft drinks and coffees.
With fabulous British food to accompany our drinks, you can relax at this Taylor Walker pub over classics such as hand battered cod, chips and mushy or garden peas, traditional British recipe bangers & mash or a roast of the day seven days a week. Our pub food is freshly prepared and includes all your British favourites. We also offer a range of sandwiches and jacket potatoes.
We are delighted to welcome you at Taylor Walker and assure you of friendly service in a relaxing British pub with a welcoming atmosphere.
The Albert is popular with tourists and also plays host to the many regulars from the nearby Houses of Parliament. Situated close to Victoria Station, Westminster Abbey and Buckingham Palace, there is access for coaches. Our large 130 seater Victorian Restaurant is the perfect venue for touring parties and group functions.
This content has been supplied by The Albert Tavern
Venue Details & Map
The Albert Tavern
- Address
52 Victoria StreetVictoriaLondonSW1H 0NP
- Telephone:
- +44 (0)20 7222 5577
- Public transport:
- St. James's Park, Underground
Great vibe at The Albert! Loved the inside of this place. Their fish and chips was alright - we're American so we found it to be a bit bland, but I'm sure we'd say that about all fish and chips. Overall though, we liked this place and they had a great drink menu. Get there early - it fills up by 5:30 or 6p.more
One of my favorite things about London are it's Pubs!! There really isn't a better place to enjoy a Pim's and Lemonade along with some delicious fish and chips. The Albert didn't disappoint. The fish and chips was yummy. The atmosphere is like something out of a Dicken's novel.more
I have been to this pub a number of times, good value food and obviously a well known and popular pub for tourists, but on the day, I did notice some mice droppings on the seating, (brought it to the attention of the manager). It's an old pub, side doors are open so this is probably usual.Hope this isn't a regular occurrence.more
We liked this place a lot. Several pubs we looked at seemed to be bars that only cared about serving drinks--not dinner. This one, though, had a separate dining room upstairs. We weren't disappointed. My fish & chips was great, & the portion was huge. Tom liked his rump steak, too. I definitely recommend this place (despite the bland peas & French fries).more
Great location. It's cleaner and brighter since it was purchased by a big chain, Taylor Walker. However, it retains its Victorian charm with large cut glass windows. They have ten cask ales in addition to mass produced watery stuff like Stella. Service is slow and not especially friendly.more


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Hotel Malaspina Accommodation & Rooms
- Free buffet breakfast and WiFi
- Airport within 5 mi/8 km: Florence (FLR-Peretola)
Main amenities
- 31 guestrooms
- Bar/lounge
- Train station pick-up service
- 24-hour front desk
- Daily housekeeping
- Car rentals on site
- Laundry service
- Meeting room
- Multilingual staff
- Concierge services
- Luggage storage
- Tour/ticket assistance
What's around
- In San Lorenzo
- Academy Gallery (0.4 mi / 0.7 km)
- San Lorenzo Church (0.5 mi / 0.8 km)
- Santa Maria Novella Basilica and Museum (0.5 mi / 0.8 km)
- Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore (0.7 mi / 1.1 km)
- Ponte Vecchio (1 mi / 1.6 km)
Excellent service; friendly and helpful. Wonderful to be within walking distance of the…
Really nice hotel, and is in a very good location. easy access to almost everything. I…
Enter dates to check prices
Hotel Info: .from ZAR 1,086
- Standard Room, 1 Single Bed
- Standard Double or Twin Room
- Double Room Single Use
- Triple Room
Recommended hotels
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 31 rooms
- This hotel is arranged over 4 floors
- Check-in time starts at 2 PM
- Check-out time is noon
- Express check-in/out
Required at check in
- Credit card or cash deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
Travelling with others
- Children (6 years old and younger) stay free when occupying the parent or guardian's room, using existing bedding
- Pets not allowed (service dogs only)
- Free WiFi in public areas
- Free WiFi in rooms
- Train station pickup *
- No parking
Nearby Three Star Florence hotels
In the hotel
- Free buffet breakfast daily
- Bar/lounge
- Room service (during limited hours)
- Bicycle rentals nearby
- One meeting room
- 24-hour front desk
- Concierge services
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Limo or Town Car service available
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Laundry facilities
- Luggage storage
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Year Built 1992
- Elevator/lift
- Television in lobby
- Accessible path of travel
- Roll-in shower
In the room
- Climate control
- Minibar
- Soundproofed rooms
- Private bathroom
- Shower/tub combination
- Bidet
- Free toiletries
- Hair dryer
- Digital TV channels
- Desk
- Free WiFi
- Phone
- Daily housekeeping
- In-room safe
- Connecting/adjoining rooms available
Top Florence hotels
Recently reviewed hotels in Florence
- Hotel Pitti Palace al Ponte VecchioFrom
"loved location and really pleasant stay, was not to happy with parking arrangement - car keys left in car for underground parking attendant to move around and they scratched our…"Aug 10, 2015
- Country Hotel Borgo Sant'IppolitoFrom
"Good value for money!"Jul 22, 2015
- Hotel CosmopolitanFrom
- San Gallo Palace HotelFrom
"Clean, very friendly staff. Only there one night. Yes I'd go back"Jul 9, 2015
Hotel Malaspina Accommodation & Rooms's small print
Cash transactions at this property cannot exceed EUR 999.99, due to national regulations. For further details, please contact the property using information in the booking confirmation.
The property has connecting/adjoining rooms, which are subject to availability and can be requested by contacting the property using the number on the booking confirmation.
For transfers, guests must contact the property 72 hours prior to arrival at the number on the booking confirmation.
Mandatory fees
You'll be asked to pay the following charges at check in or check out:
- A tax is imposed by the city: EUR 3.50 per person, per night, up to 7 nights. This tax does not apply to children under 12 years of age.
Optional extras
Cribs/Infant beds are available for EUR 20.00 per day
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.


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Protocols for Neural Cell CultureHumana Press 2008; US$ 99.00
In Protocols for Neural Cell Culture, Third Ed., Sergey Fedoroff and Arleen Richardson extensively revise, update, and expand their best-selling and highly praised collection of readily reproducible neural tissue culture protocols. This 3rd edition adds 11 chapters describing important new procedures for the isolation, growth, and characterization... more...
Identified Neurons and Behavior of ArthropodsSpringer US 2012; US$ 99.00
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As a source of information on neuroanatomical research methods this Volume is not without precedent. In 1957, at the initiative of Dr. W. F. Windle, a conference was held at the National Institutes of Health, the proceedings of which, edited by Dr. Windle and published by C. C. Thomas under the title "New Research Tech� niques of Neuroanatomy", rapidly... more...


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Free events in London on Mon 30th April
Our guide to free events in London on Monday 30 April 2012.
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From the blog: Review of Petrie Museum
The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology is a bit of a weird one. It's right inside the grounds of University College London so you have to stroll past all the… more
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Celebrating British Pie Week or just looking for delicious yet traditional pie? Help is on hand with Miss Foodwise who shares a fabulous recipe for beef, stout and oyster pie.
As Dickens' Sam Weller remarks in The Pickwick Papers, 'Poverty and oysters always seem to go together'.Beef and oyster pie is a classic Victorian dish, it was the food of the poor and the poorer you were the more oysters you would put in your pie. Oysters were plentiful, the smaller ones sold as fast food on the streets of London or pickled to keep, while the bigger ones were put in stews and pies. It was a cheap source of protein.
Oyster are very sensitive to climate, environmental factors and diseases which makes them a business that isn't without risk to the fishermen. The catch can vary from year to year and sometimes disappear into thin air completely. But fishermen solidarity and sense of community makes for a way of preserving the oyster beds. When oyster beds are devastated somewhere the beds are revived with oysters from other - competing - fisheries.
This pie is wonderfully succulent, once a poor man's dinner it now graces our tables with elegance. The beef, oyster and stout or porter beer are a perfect pairing together with a rich suet crust - just like your Nan used to make but let's kick it up a notch and put some effort into the decoration of the pie! It's fun to let your children have a go with the leftover pastry (you will have leftover with this recipe). Keep in the freezer until needed, defrost the evening before in your fridge.
This recipe works just as good as a stew, feeding 4 hungry mouths.


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Raw food appetizers, like this Pesto Wraps recipe, can be fun and flavorful.
Making mayonnaise in a food processor, blender or with a handheld immersion blender is easy. Use it...
Bitters are a combination of herbs and alcohol used to cure ailments and please the palate througho...
Serves 4
These beans are good to prepare when you are hungry and don't have a lot of time. Serve them as a side dish, over nachos or roll them up in soft tacos or burritos with some grated cheddar.
Art Tucker, Ph.D., botanist at Delaware State University, is the co-author of The Big Book of Herbs (Interweave, 2000). Susan Belsinger is a culinary herbalist, food writer and photographer who has co-authored several cookbooks and writes for many national magazines.
Click here for the original article, Bitters: Beverages with Moxie.
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VSU Freshman Doesn't Lack Experience
Updated: 10/08/2007 - Schneider Cineus is a 24-year-old freshman defensive lineman who traveled the world for five years while in the Navy.
Updated: 10/08/2007 - Schneider Cineus is a 24-year-old freshman defensive lineman who traveled the world for five years while in the Navy.
Posted: 10/08/2007 - After starting the season with a loss, the 'Noles have rattled off four straight wins and after Florida State's win over NC State, the Seminoles are back in the AP top 25.
Posted: 10/08/2007 - TALLADEGA, Ala. (AP) _ Jeff Gordon grabbed the lead on the final lap before holding off teammate Jimmie Johnson to win the UAW-Ford 500 at Talladega Superspeedway.
Posted: 10/08/2007 - KANSAS CITY, Mo.-- For 59 minutes and 59 seconds, Jacksonville dealt Kansas City a humiliating shutout.
Posted: 10/08/2007 - NASHVILLE, Tenn. -- The Atlanta Falcons had first-and-goal at the Tennessee 1, needing a touchdown to get even with two minutes left.
Posted: 10/07/2007 - INDIANAPOLIS -- No Marvin Harrison and no Joseph Addai proved no problem for the Indianapolis Colts on Sunday. Playing without five injured starters, including two key players in their high-scoring offense, the Colts dominated the clock and their improving defense never gave Tampa Bay a chance in a 33-14 blowout.
Posted: 10/07/2007 - HOUSTON -- Kris Brown didn't let one bad foot ruin what the other one could do. Brown kicked five field goals, including the winner on a career-long 57-yarder with a second remaining, to lead the Texans to a 22-19 victory over the Dolphins (0-5), losers of eight in a row.
Posted: 10/07/2007 - MAGNOLIA, Ark. - The Valdosta State defense returned two interceptions for scores as the Blazers defeated Southern Arkansas 33-21 in Gulf South Conference action at Wilkins Stadium Saturday afternoon.
Posted: 10/07/2007 - TALLAHASSEE, Fla. -- Michael Ray Garvin's 43-yard interception return for a touchdown snapped a halftime tie and sparked Florida State to a 27-10 win Saturday over North Carolina State for its fourth straight win.
Posted: 10/07/2007 - INDIANAPOLIS (AP) -Five first-half fumbles, including two that led to Winston-Salem touchdowns, helped the Rams defeat Florida A&M 27-23 in the Circle City Classic on Saturday.
Posted: 10/07/2007 - KNOXVILLE, Tenn. -- Tennessee coach Phil Fulmer doesn't like people picking on his team -- on or off the field.
Posted: 10/07/2007 - BATON ROUGE, La. -- Gambling at every opportunity, No. 1 LSU stayed perfect.
Posted: 10/07/2007 - FORT LAUDERDALE, Fla. -- One yellow and green sign summed it up best: USF, the only Undefeated School in Florida. Benjamin Williams and Matt Grothe made sure it stayed that way.
Posted: 10/07/2007 - GREENVILLE, N.C. (AP) -Chris Johnson returned a kickoff 96 yards for a touchdown to spark a 28-point third quarter as East Carolina rallied against Central Florida and ran away to a 52-38 Conference USA victory Saturday night.
Updated: 10/05/2007 - Just as in the Olympics with the torch being passed for each runner to continue its progression, the time has come to pass along South Georgia Motorsports Park (SGMP).
Posted: 10/05/2007 - Holly Peltzer tallies her second goal of the season in the draw against the Cavaliers.
Updated: 10/04/2007 - Controversy and confusion has surrounded the sudden departure of Albert Chester, Jr. from the FAMU football team.
Posted: 10/04/2007 - Florida Marlins shortstop Hanley Ramirez had arthroscopic surgery to repair his injured left shoulder.
Posted: 10/04/2007 - Coach Urban Meyer stripped Tony Joiner of his captain's status and says the senior starter has not been cleared to play Saturday at top-ranked LSU.
Posted: 10/04/2007 - Chuck Amato was more than just a bit happy to come back to Florida State to work with his old boss after North Carolina State fired him last year.
Posted: 10/04/2007 - NFL Players Association lawyers argue that the league's collective bargaining agreement protects Michael Vick from the Atlanta Falcons' attempts to be refunded up to 22 million dollars in bonus money.
Posted: 10/04/2007 - Shocking News as senior quarterback walks away from team.
Posted: 10/04/2007 - For FSU senior Lindsay Kenney, water has been the driving force of her college ride... She's splashed her way into a leadership role with the Ldy Noles and is well aware that she must now tread a heavier load.
Posted: 10/03/2007 - The big sports topic is still a sticky situation staring FAMU right in the face. Rattlers starting quarterback Albert Chester, Jr. is now just a 5th year pharmacy major...
Updated: 10/03/2007 - The Rattlers respond to the shocking loss of their starting quarterback.


text:
During last night's Yankees-Mets game, I got a kick out of scrolling through Twitter, seeing photos of families and friends sharing the game together.
While other sports certainly promote connection and sharing, few seem to do it the way baseball does. The pace and tempo of the game, even if too slow for some, create an environment where you can settle in for an afternoon or an evening, eat, drink, laugh and occasionally cheer for your team (hopefully).
Baseball is meant to be shared.
Some say baseball games are too long and we are losing fans to the length of the games, especially since attention spans these days are only six seconds long.
I don't buy it.
We find ways to focus on what we really enjoy and what is providing meaning for us.
I think teams should focus more on the connection part of baseball. Franchises should make games more affordable so families can come to the ballpark more often and create memories like the ones below.
My father #Mookie and I at the #Yankees #Mets #SubwaySeries Game 2 #NYMvsNYY #MetsWin 8-2 pic.twitter.com/hyr9KDdIyS
— John Cruz Jr. (@BigJohnnyJay) April 26, 2015
Photo Credit: lakelandlocal via Compfight cc


text:
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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Mar 24, 1992
|Filing date
|Sep 28, 1990
|Priority date
|Sep 29, 1989
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Herve Focqueur, Bernard Jumel
|Original Assignee
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (8), Referenced by (4), Classifications (17), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to linkages for transmitting forces in automotive vehicles, such a linkage being adapted to couple a control member with a manoeuvring member of a declutching device for a clutch and being of the kind including a mechanical part.
Reference is here made to FIGS. 1 to 4 of the accompanying drawings. What these FIGS. represent is explained in the section "Brief Description of the Drawings" which appears further on in this document, and to which reference is invited at this point.
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the linkage commonly comprises a cable 1 which is movable axially, a sheath 2 surrounding this cable, and a fork 4 which is pivotally mounted about a pivot or articulation point 7, which may for example consist of a knuckle piece secured to a fixed part of the vehicle as shown in FIG. 2, or a spindle which is rotatable and which is carried by a fixed part of the vehicle. In a variant, the articulation point may consist of bearings, with the fork then carrying projections which are rotatable in the said bearings, the latter being for example mounted in the gearbox casing.
Generally speaking the articulation point 7 constitutes a guide or datum point for the linkage.
The manoeuvring member is a clutch release bearing 3 which is subjected to the action of the declutching fork 4, and which is adapted to act on the declutching device of a clutch such as the ends of the fingers of a diaphragm 6 or declutching levers. The control member 8 most often consists of a pedal pivotally mounted about a pivot point 9, which is again fixed with respect to a fixed part of the vehicle.
The cable 1 is attached at each of its ends 10 and 11 to attachment points at which it is attached to the pedal 8 and the fork 4 respectively, while the sheath 2 is interposed between two points 12 and 13 that are fixed with respect to the vehicle.
The pivot points together with the fixed points will together be referred to in this document as "application points" for the linkage, which may include an hydraulic part, for example between the fork 4 and the clutch release bearing 3. These application points have the essential feature that they are ultimately carried by a fixed part of the vehicle, being secured to such fixed part or mounted rotatably with respect to it.
It is not obligatory to provide the fork 4, in which connection the point 11 may be attached to a disc in the manner described in French published patent application No. FR 1 587 732A; alternatively, it may be attached to a driving member in the manner described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,934,503 and the corresponding published European patent application No. EP 0 322 265A.
In FIG. 1, when the pedal 8 is depressed, this exerts a pulling force on the cable 1 which, guided by the sheath 2, actuates the fork 4.
Referring to FIG. 3, the point 11 may of course be fixed while the point 13 can be movable by virtue of being attached to the fork 4, so that when the position of the point 10 is varied, this involves a corresponding variation in the position of the point 13. In a modified embodiment, see FIG. 4, the points 10 and 11 may be fixed and the points 12 and 13 may be movable, being attached respectively to the pedal 8 and to the fork 4. The cable 1 then serves to guide the sheath 2 which is then axially movable. In all cases, one of the elements consisting of the cable and its sheath is a force transmitting element, while the other one of these two elements is a guide element.
In a further variant, the linkage can include a force transmitting element which is in several parts, having a plurality of bars with a return system and at least one articulation point carried by a fixed part of the vehicle, this articulation point then constituting a guide or datum point for the linkage.
In practice, the course of travel of the control member 8 and the manoeuvring member 3 can be broken down into a dead stage, a modulating stage with sliding movement, and a final stage to give complete coupling by the clutch. For example, and referring to FIG. 2, in the case of a conventional friction disc clutch 16, the dead stage occurs between the declutching position, in which the friction disc is free, and an intermediate position, referred to here as a take-up position, in which the friction liners 16' of the clutch disc 16 come into light contact with the pressure plate 15 of the clutch. The modulating stage occurs with circumferential sliding movement of the friction liners 16' between the reaction plate 17 and the pressure plate 15 of the clutch, and with an increasing amount of torque being transmitted until coupling is complete at a position referred to as the coupling position. The final stage enables good coupling to be achieved between the driving shaft M and the driven shaft B of the clutch. The driving shaft M is secured to the engine of the vehicle, for rotation therewith, and the driven shaft B is the input shaft of the gearbox. The modulating stage is thus valuable for passenger comfort and in facilitating manoeuvring of the vehicle, while the dead stage is necessary having regard to manufacturing tolerances of the various components of the clutch, and also having regard to distortion effects, in particular the tendency of the pressure plate 15 to assume a slightly conical shape due to thermally induced forces to which it is subjected.
It should be mentioned here that the pressure plate 15 is rotatable with a cover plate 14, being movable axially with respect to the latter. This cover plate 14 is adapted to be carried on the reaction plate 17, while the diaphragm 6 bears on the cover plate 14 for action on the pressure plate 15 and for urging the latter towards the reaction plate 17, so that the friction pads 16' are gripped between the pressure plate 15 and the reaction plate 17. The plate 17 is secured to the engine or driving shaft M, while the clutch disc 16 is secured to, and rotatable with, the secondary or driven shaft B.
It has already been proposed, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,890,711 and the corresponding French published patent application No. FR 2 616 501A, to provide an arrangement with actuating means which are provided with motor means and with an irreversible transmission, which is such as to act on the control member to cause the clutch to slip in response to command or driving means which include a computer together with appropriate detection means. That arrangement has no pedal, and has the particular effect of absorbing oscillations of the vehicle engine to the benefit of the comfort of the occupants of the vehicle. Such an arrangement thus allows the final stage of the course of travel, and the modulating stage, to be modified using the motor means; however, it does not allow the driver to carry out the modulating stage himself, and it requires major modifications to be made to the system.
An object of the present invention is to provide a novel linkage which, in a simple and economical manner and including a mechanical part, enables the final stage and/or the modulating stage of the course of travel to be modified or modulated while giving the driver the opportunity to perform the modulating stage; and to produce further advantages.
In accordance with the invention, a linkage of the kind defined above is characterised in that one of the said application points of the linkage is directly or indirectly movable in both directions along a course of travel defined between two movable positions and under the action of irreversible control means, which comprise motor means and a transmission operatively connected between the said motor means and the said movable application point; in that a position sensor is associated with the control member for detecting its free position when the said control member is not actuated by the driver; and in that driving means comprising a computer and detection means are provided whereby in the said free position of the control member, the associated position sensor transmits a signal to the computer, which causes the said motor means to operate so as to cause the clutch to slip in response to the signals from the detection means.
The invention enables the gripping and releasing of the friction pads of the clutch to be modified using the motor means without the driver having to intervene using the control member. Controlled slipping with modulation of the final stage and/or of the modulating stage is thus made possible. Such slipping enables, in particular, momentary engine over-torques to be absorbed, which improves the useful life of the transmission components, reduces noises and limits clutch snatch, all to the benefit of the comfort of the occupants of the vehicle.
In addition, this arrangement enables the effect of any mistakes on the part of the driver to be minimised, due to the arrangement in accordance with the invention whereby some initiative is taken from the driver, for example when excessively jerky action on the clutch pedal is converted into a slipping effect in the clutch, thus preventing the driver from being thrown forward towards the windscreen.
It will be understood that the control means are simplified by comparison with those described in the above mentioned U.S. Pat. No. 4,890,711 and the corresponding French published patent application No. 2 616 501A, and that the greatest possible number of components of a conventional linkage between a control member and a manoeuvring member are preserved in a simple and economical manner. In addition, the linkage in accordance with the invention can be fitted quite easily in place of a conventional linkage.
It is preferably the particular application point that is associated with the guide element which is directly or indirectly displaced, or, in a modification, a guiding pivot point.
The detection means may include sensors which are arranged to detect the speed of rotation of the engine and of the driven shaft, which enables the clutch to be caused to slip over certain ranges of speeds in accordance with a characteristic pattern or curve which is established in advance, in order to reduce noise. The detection means may also include a sensor which is arranged to detect a suitable parameter linked with the acceleration of the vehicle. This may consist of a sensor which reports variations in the position of the butterfly valve of the carburettor, or (in a modification) an accelerometer. These arrangements, causing the clutch to slip, prevent imbalance effects, detrimental to the comfort of the occupants of the vehicle, from appearing. Preferably the detecting means include both of the above mentioned types of sensor.
It will be appreciated that the mobile application point which is displaced directly or indirectly is a point that is carried by a fixed part of the vehicle and which constitutes a reaction point for the guide element, or, in a modification, a guide point.
In accordance with a further feature of the invention, the irreversible actuating means preferably allow the dead stage also to be carried out. To this end, at least one first position sensor is preferably associated with the control member, and a second position sensor with the movable application point. The computer receives information signals from the said position sensors in order to control the said motor means, so that by actuation or release of the control member by the driver, and thus by the resulting action of the control member on its associated position sensor, the driver commands the starting of the motor means so as to displace the said movable application point in a first direction or in a second direction. This displacement takes place in accordance with the action exerted by the driver on the control member, up to a terminal position of the course of travel detected by the position sensor associated with the movable application point.
Since the control means are irreversible, when the driver operates the control member manually, the said application point remains fixed.
It will further be appreciated that the invention enables two contradictory requirements to be reconciled, for a substantially constant course of travel of the control member: namely to increase the modulation stage without reducing the dead stage and without having recourse to an hydraulic device.
In accordance with a further feature of the invention, the defined course of travel of the movable member can be developed in an evolutionary manner, and a sensor can be added to the linkage for detecting a traction force or pull in the sheath or in the cable, in such a way that it is possible to take up any wear by displacing the movable application point until a zero residual force in the linkage is detected, the control member then being in its free position.
The features and advantages of the invention will appear from the description of preferred embodiments of the invention which is given below, by way of example only and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of an actuating linkage of the prior art, in a first embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic view showing a friction clutch associated with the linkage of FIG. 1.
FIGS. 3 and 4 are views similar to FIG. 1, showing respectively two further embodiments.
FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic view of the linkage, similar to FIG. 1 but showing a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIGS. 6 to 10 are views similar to FIG. 5, showing further embodiments of the invention, but with the computer being omitted from FIGS. 6 to 9.
FIG. 11 is a front view of the motor means with their associated irreversible transmission, in a first embodiment.
FIG. 12 is a view in cross section, taken on the line 1--1 in FIG. 11, but with the electric motor not shown in cross section.
FIGS. 13 and 14 are views similar to FIGS. 11 and 12 but showing a second embodiment, FIG. 14 being a view in cross section taken on the line 2--2 in FIG. 13.
In FIGS. 5 to 14, those elements that are identical to those described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4 are designated by the same reference numerals, the application points (this term having the meaning explained earlier herein) being points ultimately carried by a fixed part of the automotive vehicle and the latter having an internal combustion engine.
Referring to FIG. 5, the linkage includes an application point 13 which is directly movable with respect to its fixed vehicle support in both directions in a course of travel which is defined between two limit positions and under the action of irreversible control means 200, which include motor means 20 and a transmission 30 interposed between the motor means 20 and the application point 13. Position sensors 50 and 60 are associated respectively with the control member 8 and with the movable application point 13. A computer 40 is provided for receiving the information signals supplied by the position sensors 50 and 60 and for controlling the motor means 20 in response to this information. On depression or release of the control member 8 by the driver, with resulting action by the control member 8 on its associated position sensor 50, the computer 40 energises the motor means 20 so as to displace the movable application point in a first direction or in a second direction, in accordance with the action exerted by the driver on the control member 8 up to a terminal position at the end of the course of travel. This terminal position is detected by the position sensor 60 associated with the movable application point 13. Under the action of the control member 8, when the position sensor 50 associated with it does not give a signal which is capable, via the computer 40, of energising the motor means 20, the control means 200 keep the movable application point 13 in a fixed position.
More precisely, in FIG. 5, as in FIGS. 11 to 14 described below, it is the transmission 30 that is irreversible, and it is the application point 13 associated with one end of the sheath 2 that is movable. The position sensor 50 associated with the pedal 8 is in the form of a switch for detecting the end of the travel of the pedal, while the sensor 60 which is associated with the movable application point 13 is in the form of a potentiometer, the mid point of which is connected to the computer 40. The computer 40 has supply inputs C and D, together with signal inputs for receiving signals E, F, and G respectively. The signals E and F are delivered by appropriate sensors (FIG. 2). The signals E, F and G represent, respectively: the rotational velocity of the reaction plate 17 of the clutch, and therefore that of the driving shaft M; the rotational velocity of the secondary or driven shaft B; and a parameter which is related to the acceleration of the vehicle, such as the position of the butterfly valve of the carburettor or the position of the accelerator pedal. The computer 40 receives the signals from the sensors 50 and 60.
In accordance with a major feature of the present invention, the computer 40 also receives a signal from a sensor 51, which is associated with the control member 8 and which detects the free position of the said control member 8 when the latter is not being operated by the driver.
Detector means 100 are provided such that, in this free position of the control member 8, the associated position sensor 51 transmits a signal to the computer 40, which under the influence of the detector means 100, actuates the motor means 20 so that the clutch is engaged.
As will have been understood from the foregoing, the computer 40 and the detector means 100 together constitute a driving means, while the motor means 20 and their associated irreversible transmission 30 constitute actuating means 200 which are adapted to act on the control member 8 to cause the clutch to be engaged in response to a command from the driving means 100, 40.
The detector means 100 may include sensors 101 and 102 (see FIG. 2) for measuring the rotational velocity of the reaction plate 17 of the clutch and the rotational velocity of the shaft B respectively, and, alternatively or in addition, detectors such as to detect a parameter related to the acceleration of the vehicle as mentioned above. This data may be taken from information related to the position of the butterfly valve, or it may be derived from an accelerometer. In this example, the detector means 100 includes both of the above mentioned types of detector.
In FIG. 5, the position sensor 51 is a switch or interruptor which enables the free position of the pedal 8 to be detected, and the detector means 100 include the sensors 101 and 102 (FIG. 2) which transmit the signals E and F, together with a further sensor which transmits the signal G on detecting the position of the carburettor butterfly valve. This latter source of data is preferable because it enables accelerations to be anticipated in advance.
Thus, when the driver operates the pedal 8 with his foot, so that the switch 50 is not operated by the pedal 8, the clutch torque can be modulated manually, with the friction disc 16 of the clutch then going progressively from the engaged state to the disengaged state and vice versa.
When the driver pushes the clutch pedal 8 hard down, this operates the switch 50, and the computer 40 receives the appropriate signal and triggers energisation of the motor means 20. The latter then cause the movable application point 13 to be displaced in a first direction, up to a first extreme position which is set by the potentiometer 60, so as to effect the dead stage of the course of travel of the clutch in a first direction.
When the driver then releases pressure on the pedal, the latter returns to its free position, and the switch 50 therefore reverts to its initial mode. In response to this, the computer energises the motor means 20 in the opposite direction, so that the movable application point 13 is displaced in the opposite direction up to a second extreme position, which is again set by the potentiometer 60. It will thus be seen that the application point 13 is movable in both directions along a defined course of travel between two extreme limit positions which are determined by the potentiometer 60.
When the pedal is in the relieved or free position, the sensor 51 transmits a signal to the computer 40, such that the latter will energise the motor means 20 when, through its input G from an associated sensor that detects a variation in the acceleration of the vehicle (such as a sensor responsive to the position of the carburettor butterfly valve or an accelerometer), it will detect major variations in acceleration (for example), so as to disengage and engage the clutch. This has the particular result of improving the comfort of the occupants of the vehicle. The sensors which transmit the signals E and F make it possible to arrange for the clutch to change its mode smoothly, in accordance with a characteristic curve determined in advance, over a predetermined range of its travel, thus reducing noise and shock.
More precisely, the characteristic curve, determined beforehand, takes into account the results of tests carried out on the vehicles, these tests having enabled the occurrence of noises of the kind usually referred to as "trash noise" to be charted in certain modes of operation of the engine and gearbox.
In FIG. 6, it is the end point 11 of the guide cable 1 that is movable, and the same is true in FIG. 7 by contrast with the embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.
Referring now to FIG. 8, the guide sheath 2 is divided into two pieces between the two fixed application points 12 and 13, and it is the point at which the sheath is divided that is movable, given that a deformation of the sheath 2 causes the relative position of the points 10 and 11 to vary. This arrangement results in indirect displacement of the movable points 12 and 13, since mobility of the point at which the sheath is divided causes the relative positions of the points 10 and 11 to vary in the same way as in FIG. 5, the only difference being that the guide sheath 2 is cut.
The housing of the motor means 20 is of course connected resiliently, by means of a spring 28, to a fixed part of the vehicle in order to enable it to adapt to the movements of the sheath 2. This housing also preferably contains the irreversible transmission. In this way the control means 200 can be made as a single unit.
Referring now to FIG. 9, the linkage comprises a train of rods 71, 72, 73 with respective pivot points 74, 75, 76 between the ends 10 and 11 of the train of bars constituting the linkage. The pivot point 75 is ultimately secured to a fixed part of the vehicle and constitutes the datum or guide point for the linkage, the latter being movable. The force transmission element is thus in several parts in this case, namely the rods 71 to 73.
Reference is now made to FIG. 10, in which the pivot point 7 of the fork 4 constitutes the datum point for the linkage. In this case the linkage is movable. It will be noted that in FIG. 10, the two sensors 50 and 51 have been replaced by a potentiometer 52 which detects the free position and the depressed position of the pedal 8. It will also be noted that the wear effect sensor 80 is associated with the cable 1, and detects the pull on the cable as the friction pads 16' become worn. This sensor 80, disposed within the linkage, detects whether or not there is an internal force in the linkage.
Instead of using a strain gauge, it is preferable to use a sensor comprising a deflection-responsive switch of the kind actuated by a return spring, or alternatively an elastomeric element carrying the contact strips, so that tension exerted on the switch or on the elastomeric element causes the switch to close.
More precisely, in FIG. 10, the sensor 80 is arranged at the level of the pedal 8, while in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, to which reference is now directed, it can be seen that the sensor 180 is interposed between the upper end of the fork 4 and a fastening screw for the cable 1. It can of course detect a force exerted on the sheath, when associated with the point 12 or 13.
It will be recalled that, as the friction pads 16' become worn, the thickness of the latter varies in such a way that the diaphragm 6, which in the example shown in FIG. 2 is mounted pivotally on the cover plate 14 with the clutch release bearing 3 acting in thrust, becomes inclined and displaces the clutch release bearing 3, which pulls indirectly on the cable 1 by acting on the fork 4. The pedal is normally biassed into its free position by a spring. When the pedal is free it is this additional pulling force due to wear that is detected by the sensor 80, and the latter transmits a signal to the computer 40, which energises the motor means 20, as explained above, until a zero residual force is obtained. The computer can be programmed so that it will carry out this operation under predetermined situations, for example whenevr the engine of the vehicle is started or stopped. It should be noted that the free position of the pedal is that in which it is not being operated by the driver.
In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, the motor means comprise an electric motor, while the transmission includes intermediate worm wheels 31 and 32 which mesh with a worm 21. The latter is driven by the electric motor 20, the arrangement being similar to that described in French published patent application No. FR 2 372 998A. The worm 21 is in two portions having different pitches, each of these portions meshing with a respective one of the worm wheels 31, 32. Each of the latter is of the double type, and includes a part which is adapted to mesh with a rack 34 formed on a sliding member 33.
The electric motor 20, together with the irreversible transmission 30 which comprises the worm 21 with its two worm wheels 31 and 32 meshing with the rack 34, is housed in a common housing 22, with the sliding member 33 being movable longitudinally in a bore 37 of the housing 22, in which guide rings 36 are mounted.
The cable 1 extends into the interior of the sliding member 33. At one of its axial ends, the latter has a shouldered plug 81, having a generally U-shaped cross section, with radial ends defining a shoulder for engagement on the housing 22. This plug 81 receives the end of the sheath 2, and is secured to the sliding member 33, for example by means of a force fit. In a modification, it may be made integral with the sliding member. It will be noted that the sliding member 33 is formed with a flattened portion 35 to accommodate the worm wheels 31 and 32.
The axis of the worm wheel 32 is extended, as indicated at 61, in order to drive an arm 62, which is the cursor of the potentiometer 60. This latter is mounted within a casing 63 secured to the housing 22. Thus, when the electric motor 20 is driven, the worm 21 rotates in one direction and drives the worm wheels 31 and 32, which displace the rack 34 and therefore the plug 81 and the sheath 2, until the arm 62 reaches an end position. Movement in the opposite direction is then possible from this position, until the arm 62 reaches the second extreme position of the potentiometer 60. In this embodiment, it is the application point 13 that is thus movable.
It will be noted that, when the pedal 8 pulls on the cable, the sheath 2 cannot also be pulled, because of the irreversibility of the transmission 30 and the fact that the motor 20 is not energised. By contrast, the sliding member 33 is able to be displaced in both directions by the electric motor 20.
The curvature of the sheath 2 is able to be varied by displacement of the movable application point, so that the fork 4 is caused to pivot, with the potentiometer 60 then detecting the end of the travel of the application point 13. The effect of this is that a signal is transmitted to the computer 40, which stops the electric motor 20. The latter is then not supplied with further power. On reengagement of the clutch, the potentiometer permits the movable application point 13 to revert to its initial position, so as to enable the modulation stage to be carried out by the driver of the vehicle. The position of termination and commencement of the course of travel is memorised by the computer 40 on each occasion when wear is taken up, so as to displace, in successive evolution, the limit positions of the movable application point 13.
When the switch 51 or the potentiometer 52 detects the free position of the pedal 8, a signal is transmitted to the computer 40, which then controls the motor means 20 in response to the data represented by the signals E, F and G which it receives. The computer accordingly energises the motor means 20 so as to displace the movable application point in one direction or the other, and to engage or disengage the clutch so as to obtain controlled slipping of the latter.
Reference is now made to FIGS. 13 and 14, in which the motor means 20 are again in the form of an electric motor. However, in this embodiment the irreversible transmission, here denoted by the reference numeral 300, does not have the rack 34 or sliding member 33. Instead, it has a toothed sector 90, which meshes with the worm wheels 31 and 32 and which is mounted about a pivot point 92 that is fixed with respect to the fixed housing 22. On rotation of the worm wheels 31 and 32, the sector 90 undergoes pivoting movement so as to displace the application point 13. The latter is carried on the lower end of the sector 90 by means of a ring-type fastening 91.
As will be clear from the foregoing, the motor means 20 and the irreversible transmission 30 or 300 associated with it constitute control means which act on the linkage, while the computer 40 and the various sensors 50, 60 or 51, 52, 80 constitute driving means for the said control means.
The present invention is of course not limited to the embodiments described above, but embraces all variants within the broad scope of the claims. In particular, the motor means may be of an hydraulic type, with the computer 40 then controlling an electric pump which varies the pressure in a chamber which is defined by a cylinder and a double acting piston, so as to displace the piston and thus a movable application point of the linkage.
Similarly, the irreversible transmission may include an electric motor having a worm or lead screw meshing with a reduction gearing including pinions, one of the pinions of the meshing means including a spiral groove, into which a finger or lug penetrates. This finger or lug is fixed with respect to one end of a pivoting lever, the other end of which also has a finger which is in engagement with the screw thread of a movable member mounted in a bore formed in the housing. Then, when the motor is in rotation, the lever is caused to pivot so as to drive the movable member in displacement, with the latter carrying one of the application points of the linkage, for example one end of the sheath 2. The cable 1 passes through the said movable member.
The motor means 20 may themselves be irreversible, by a suitable arrangement of the magnetic fields, for instance; alternatively, irreversibility of the motor means may be achieved by the use of a brake, arranged to act for example on the output shaft of the motor.
As mentioned above, it is of course not obligatory to provide the linkage with a fork, and the linkage may include an hydraulic part. For example, in FIG. 9, the application point 11 may be connected to a disc which is rotatably mounted on a fixed part of the vehicle, with this disc being part of a system comprising a crank and connecting rod, the crank being coupled to the piston of an output cylinder, the latter being connected through suitable ducting to an input cylinder which actuates the declutching fork.
The control member of the linkage may be in the form of a lever or handle, for example for a power drive under the control of the driver of the vehicle.
The application points 10 and 12 may be made movable. For example, in FIG. 5 the application point 12 may be displaced instead of the application point 13, while in FIG. 7 the point 10 may be displaceable instead of the point 11.
The potentiometer 60 may be replaced by two switches, comprising respectively a switch corresponding to the commencement of the course of travel, and one corresponding to the termination of the course.
The electric motor may be arranged to rotate in only one direction, and its output shaft or axis 21 may be coupled mechanically through an irreversible reduction gear, comprising a plurality of pinions, to a driving element cooperating with a transverse pin-type element carried by a sliding member. The driving element then comprises two peripheral projections, substantially in the form of helical sections, which are inclined in opposite directions with respect to the axis of the driving element, with these peripheral projections also being offset axially and angularly from each other.
In FIGS. 6 and 7, the sensor 80 can of course be arranged to detect a supplementary force on the sheath, by being associated with either the application point 12 or the application point 13, while in FIGS. 5, 8 and 9, the sensor may be associated with the application point 10 or 11.
Although the sensor 80 is able to detect wear indirectly, by virtue of its association with the guide element, this sensor is preferably associated with the force transmission element in order to produce the most effective detection.
Compensation for wear is not necessarily associated with the irreversible transmission 30 or 300.
Finally, for example in FIGS. 6 and 7, it is possible to make the application point 11 (or the application point 10) indirectly movable by cutting the cable 1 into two parts, and by displacing the point at which the cable is cut in a manner analogeous to that described above with reference to FIG. 8 in connection with the sheath, it being understood that, in all cases, only one of the two elements comprising the cable 1 and the sheath 2 is cut. The housing 22 is then of course suspended elastically like that in FIG. 8.
In every case, the guide element is cut while the force transmission element remains intact.
The presence of the sensor which is associated with the movable application point is not obligatory. If it is omitted, the computer may be programmed in such a way as to generate a signal representing the position for the motor means in response to a control signal produced by the sensor which is associated with the control member (e.g. the pedal), in such a way as to displace the movable application point from one of its limit positions to the other.
For example the motor means may comprise an electric motor of the stepping type, for displacing the movable application point from one end position corresponding to one of its limit positions, to another end position corresponding to its other limit position. This progression will take place in response to a limited number of command pulses of predetermined duration, generated by the computer in response to the control signal from the associated sensor. Memorisation of the end positions will then take account of actual wear, in particular wear of the friction pads or liners of the clutch, so that the command pulses are evolved as a function of actual wear.
In every case, a course of travel of the movable application point involves movement of the manoeuvring member.
Finally, the driver can carry out part of the dead stage of the course of travel manually, but with the major part of the dead stage being effected by the control means.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jul 2, 1984
|Aug 5, 1986
|Volvo Car B.V.
|Means for maintaining clutch disengagement where transmission is neutral
|Feb 17, 1987
|Aug 30, 1988
|Roltra S.P.A.
|Power clutch system
|Nov 13, 1987
|Sep 12, 1989
|Automotive Products Plc
|Electric clutch actuator
|Jun 9, 1988
|Jan 2, 1990
|Clutch control system for an automobile vehicle, and a clutch release bearing therefor
|Apr 18, 1983
|Nov 2, 1983
|LUCAS INDUSTRIES public limited company
|Automotive vehicle power transmission clutch control system
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|May 20, 1992
|Jun 8, 1993
|Massey-Ferguson Services S.A.
|Control system for fluid pressure operated clutch
|May 5, 2005
|Nov 11, 2008
|Sila Holding Industriale S.P.A.
|Device for controlling a motor-vehicle servo-assisted brake
|May 5, 2005
|Nov 10, 2005
|Sila Holding Industriale S.P.A.
|Device for controlling a motor-vehicle servo-assisted brake
|May 8, 2005
|May 6, 2009
|Device for controlling a motor-vehicle servo-assisted brake
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Sep 28, 1990
Owner name: VALEO, A CORP. OF FRANCE, FRANCE
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:FOCQUEUR, HERVE;JUMEL, BERNARD;REEL/FRAME:005473/0651
Effective date: 19900910
|Sep 1, 1995
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Sep 23, 1999
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Oct 8, 2003
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Mar 24, 2004
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|May 18, 2004
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20040324


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Former U.S. Vice President Dick Cheney will bring a patient's perspective to innovations in heart health over the years, and Nobel Laureate Dr. Ferid Murad will review the top scientific challenges in cardiac care. More than two dozen top Cleveland Clinic cardiovascular physicians will present and demonstrate the latest cardiovascular technologies. For a complete list of speakers, please visit:
The Cleveland Clinic will also reveal its list of the "Top Ten" Medical Innovations at The Medical Innovation Summit for the 6th consecutive year. This list consists of the breakthrough technologies that will have the most impact on health care in 2012. Michael Roizen, MD, Chief Wellness Officer at the Cleveland Clinic, and a panel of ten of the Clinic's physician leaders will present the highly anticipated "Top Ten" on the last day of the conference.
For a list of previous "Top Ten" winners, please visit:
About Cleveland Clinic
Celebrating its 90th anniversary, Cleveland Clinic is a nonprofit multispecialty academic medical center that integrates clinical and hospital care with research and education. It was founded in 1921 by four renowned physicians with a vision of providing outstanding patient care bas
|SOURCE Cleveland Clinic
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Add Site
To list your website for free here at www.LinksLive.info please click here.
Welcome to LinksLive.info - your premium dofollow business web directory. Place that was designed especially for business owner and webmaster to share their favorite blog/website or business within the globe community.
Add URL for FREE to gain your business visibility and increase website presence on the major Search Engines Result Position (SERP). Guaranteed, you'll gonna love with the up coming results.
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A place to return at anytime. We highly recommend this Riad. The staff is very friendly but also very professional. The Manager of the hotel is very attentive and helpful. Please seek her advise for places to go and eat in the center.
Hint: Highly recommend to use the Airport pickup service from the Hotel. Finding the place for 1st timers will be an adventure you may want to avoid.


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Grilled Peanut Shrimp Skewers
A quick roast over a fiery grill and these wondrous kabobs transport you to the Far East with their spicy mix of ginger, cardamom, coriander, cumin, turmeric, and red pepper.
TOTAL TIME: 30 min
- 1 pounds shrimp, large in shells
- .3333 cup(s) orange marmalade
- 2 tablespoon lime juice
- 2 tablespoon peanut butter
- 1 tablespoon oil, cooking
- 1 teaspoon ginger, fresh
- 1 clove(s) garlic, minced
- 1/2 teaspoon cardamom, ground
- 1/2 teaspoon coriander, ground
- 1/2 teaspoon cumin, ground
- 1/4 teaspoon turmeric, ground
- 1/8 teaspoon pepper, red ground
- 2 tablespoon coconut, toasted
- rice
2. For marinade, in a medium bowl use a wire whisk to combine orange marmalade, lime juice, peanut butter, oil, ginger, garlic, cardamom, coriander, cumin, turmeric, and ground red pepper. Reserve 1/4 cup of the marinade until ready to serve. Add shrimp to the remaining marinade; toss to coat. Cover and marinate at room temperature for 30 minutes, stirring occasionally.
3. Drain shrimp, discarding marinade. On 4 long metal skewers thread shrimp. Grill shrimp kabobs on the rack of an uncovered grill directly over medium coals for 10 to 12 minutes or until shrimp are opaque, turning once halfway through grilling. (Or, broil on the unheated rack of a broiler pan about 4 inches from the heat for 10 to 12 minutes, turning once halfway through broiling.)
4. To serve, heat the 1/4 cup marinade. Spoon the marinade over shrimp and sprinkle with toasted coconut. If desired, serve over hot rice.
Nutrition Detailsper serving
Calories 248, Fat 10g, Cholesterol 129mg, Sodium 180mg, Saturated Fat 2g, Protein 20g, Fiber 2g, Carbohydrates 22g


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The first pictures of Mischa as the new face of Herbal Essences have been uploaded to the gallery. Head on over to the German Herbal Essences website to view the awesome page they have set up for Mischa. Going by some of the previews on the site, there should be more pictures coming out soon.
(The three photos with the black background will actually turn out to be transparent when saved)
One response to "Mischa for Herbal Essences"
hello mischa many wishes for your birthday wish you all happy the world I want you too well! kiss your fun number 1. soniya =)


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NYAM works to create environments, policies, and programs that will allow older adults in New York City and around the nation and the world to live longer, healthier lives and stay fully engaged in their communities. As approximately one-fifth of the world's population will be 60 years of age by the year 2030, New York City—and cities worldwide—must prepare now to meet the needs of their expanding older populations.
Neighborhoods without fresh food stores, schools without playgrounds, unsafe housing, and polluted air all make good health a daily challenge for millions of city dwellers. NYAM works in tandem with local, state and national public health and community leaders to tackle the root causes of avoidable illness, disability, and death. Our work includes community-based programs and state and national policy advocacy with special emphasis on our own East Harlem community.
Urban environments give rise to health disparities that cannot be explained by an individual's behavior alone, but are directly related to differences in the physical and social characteristics of neighborhoods. Understanding and intervening to eliminate these disparities is fundamental to NYAM's research and action to improve urban health. NYAM's work targets vulnerable populations including the working poor, homebound older adults, injection drug users, and currently and formerly incarcerated individuals.
NYAM has a long history of involvement in New York City communities through its community-based participatory research to develop interventions that reduce the health disparities within urban populations, its school health education programs, and its policy work. More recently, NYAM has committed to broader and deeper engagement with its neighboring East Harlem community, Central Harlem, and the South Bronx.
World population estimates project that over half the world's population currently lives in cities; this proportion is expected to rise to 60 percent over the next two decades. NYAM is committed to advancing global urban health and sharing lessons learned through our New York City and national initiatives. We serve as technical advisors to international organizations and cities around the world in the areas of urban health, health workforce issues, and Age-friendly Cities.
The Academy's Institute for Urban Health brings together our expert professional staff to address the urgent health needs of rapidly growing urban environments. Focusing on our priority areas—healthy aging, prevention, and eliminating health disparities---we pursue multi-dimensional answers that consider the social, physical, and economic conditions that impact the health of individuals and the communities in which they live.
The Institute bridges the landscape of competing ideas by generating new knowledge through innovative research and evaluation, and by translating data and debate into decisive action—and concrete policy. The Academy's Institute houses the Center for Health Policy and Programs as well as three urban health research centers—the Center for Cognitive Studies in Medicine & Public Health, the Center for Health Innovation, and the Center for Evaluation and Applied Research.
The Academy has shaped the field of urban health by publishing multiple books and the bi-monthly Journal of Urban Health, working with the World Health Organization and other international agencies as expert advisors, establishing the International Society for Urban Health, and organizing international conferences.
The New York Academy of Medicine has announced the winner of its inaugural Urban Health Journalism Prize, Brie Zeltner of the Cleveland daily, The Plain Dealer.
The Journal of Urban Health addresses a range of urban health issues from both clinical and policy perspectives.
Learn more »
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When the NAV of the fund falls, as it will when interest rates rise, does the yield go UP because the NAV is down, or does the yield go DOWN because the bonds are worth less?thanks
In general, expect the NAV to go down as the yield goes up. However, unlike individual bonds, this and other bond funds "refresh" their portfolios and can purchase new bonds. So the correlation between yield and price is no where near as direct as a regular bond


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The meeting of the solid waste citizen panel that had been scheduled for Friday, August 14 has been cancelled
Thanks to quick-thinking neighbors and the Newton County Fire Service, Ombre the horse was saved from near certain death Sunday after an apparent prank gone ...
Cousins Middle School has been cleared by law enforcement as safe for students after a telephoned threat was received regarding the safety of the school.
A paparazzo called Covington Police to the area near Scoops after one of Jennifer Garner's bodyguards shined a green laser pointer into their camera ...
The Newton County Sheriff's Office (NCSO) has identified the victim of Tuesday's shooting as 19-year-old Newton County resident Caylen Gooch.
CONYERS - The Rockdale County Sheriff's Office is asking for the public's help finding a Rockdale man diagnosed with mental disorders who has been ...
Reconstruction of the I-20 bridge over the railroad and Old Atlanta Highway will continue this weekend, affecting traffic near exit 90 on the interstate.
The Newton County Sheriff's Office is investigating several complaints of Klu Klux Klan recruitment fliers placed in Newton County residents' yards.
Firehouse Subs recently held a promotion "H2O for Heroes". The program allowed customers to bring in cases of water in exchange for a Free Medium ...
Three defendants in a racketeering and conspiracy to commit murder case pled guilty before Judge Samuel D. Ozburn of the Alcovy Circuit Superior Court on ...
The family and friends of Mrs. Sarah T. Hardeman celebrated her 100 years of life at Grace United Methodist Church on her birthday Sunday.
Congressman Hank Johnson covered a broad range of topics during a town hall meeting at the Historic Courthouse Wednesday, which was briefly interrupted by an ...
Doctors and local officials praised the pending acquisition of Newton Health System by Piedmont Healthcare during a public hearing moderated by a representative of the ...
Beginning July 24 the Covington Police Department, led by compliance/operations lieutenant Wendell Wagstaff and a specialized patrol division, led an undercover operation into underage ...
All aboard the Twitter train! The tiny "microblogging" service that lets people send out short, 140-character posts known as "tweets" is one of the most popular social networks out there. As of 2012, there are over 140 million active users, who generate over 340 million tweets a day.
In my experience, people seem divided into two camps when it comes to Twitter: those who use it and those who don't "get it." I'm firmly in the pro-Twitter camp. I love it. I use it to get news, for entertainment and to interact with various people, both people I ...
I remember in 1971, Frankie Valli, who had been singing on his own, had just reunited with the Four Seasons and they were touring the country.
On a warm Saturday in June, a friend and I went to Carowinds, an amusement park located in South Carolina, and joined 5,000 other devoted fans and sat through one of the most enjoyable concerts I had ever attended. During the middle of the concert, a horrific summer rain storm struck, and for 15 minutes, it rained so hard that you could barely see the covered stage and not one person left.
As a young 17-year-old man, Covington resident Bill Henderson enlisted in the U.S. Navy in the waning months of World War II in April 1945, and though he thought he'd entered a war, Henderson ended being a part of the world's recovery.
Average retail gasoline prices in Atlanta have fallen 4.8 cents per gallon in the past week, averaging $3.42/gal yesterday. This compares with the national average that has fallen 3.6 cents per gallon in the last week to $3.65/gal, according to gasoline price website AtlantaGasPrices.com.
Including the change in gas prices in Atlanta during the past week, prices yesterday were 30.5 cents per gallon lower than the same day one year ago and are 26.0 cents per gallon lower than a month ago. The national average has decreased 15.7 cents per ...
September may seem worlds away right now, but before long it will be here, bringing with it the 29th annual Fuzz Run, so now is the time to start signing up to participate or to donate to or become a sponsor of the fundraiser.
Newton County resident Sharon Sawyer has qualified for the newly drawn District 113 for the Georgia House of Representatives.
In an effort to open the lines of communication between landlords and the city with the goal of improving the rental properties within the city, the Porterdale Police Department has established the Porterdale Landlord's Association.
The main goals of the association will be to improve the quality of the rental properties and therefore, the quality of life for tenants. There will be classes offered for landlords to learn the city's codes, as well as how to deal with those and other related topics.
The last person to announce for the crowded District 5 Newton County Board of Commissioners race is also the only one to previously serve on the board, as Republican Ronnie Dimsdale was District 2 commissioner for eight years.
Christopher Shane Haney, 42, 140 River Mist Drive, Covington, May 17. Improper lane usage, DUI.
When Covington Police arrived at the scene of a DUI call, the officer observed a blue Pontiac blocking traffic at the intersection of Hwy. 278 and Hwy. 142.
Roger Harrison, the chamber's leading economic development recruiter, has been in the business for several years but just recently graduated from a specialized, three-year program at the University of Oklahoma in the hopes of becoming an even more effective recruiter.
Approximately 300 people gathered in the Covington square to honor those from the county who died in past wars and thank those who either are serving or have served in the military.
While the country remembers its veterans this weekend, retired Lt. Gen. John M. Brown III spent Tuesday focusing on what lies ahead for the U.S. Military, specifically a more increased focus on the Asia-Pacific region.
The backyard has traditionally been the stomping ground for beloved canines, but a new trend has chickens ruling the backyard roost.
Adrian and Elaine Brown and their three youngest children were one of the first families that entered the Newton/Rockdale (NewRock) network of the nationwide Family Promise program, which involves a network of 13 churches in Newton and Rockdale counties taking turns to house families in need a week at a time.
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Borusan Istanbul Philharmonic Orchestra: Beethoven
Classical geniuses & modern masters are united.
Advertising Agency: Piramit, Istanbul, Turkey
Creative Director: Metin Aroyo
Art Director: Emrah Meshur
Copywriter: Mustafa Oral
Photographer: Sitki Kösemen
Published: September 2007
1 comment
andrej dwinOct 07, 2007 - 4:52
AdArena: Sex Sells
I did get the ipod one, because it was music. the other two are too forced to me.
*the best skate/snow/surfing videos and pictures.
*updated daily!


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All quotes tagged Be Yourself
(185 quotes found)
"I would much rather have regrets about not doing what people said, than regretting not doing what my heart led me to and wondering what life had been like if I'd just been myself."
"Live life fully while you're here. Experience everything. Take care of yourself and your friends. Have fun, be crazy, be weird. Go out and screw up! You're going to anyway, so you might as well enjoy the process. Take the opportunity to learn from your mistakes: find the cause of your problem and eliminate it. Don't try to be perfect; just be an excellent example of being human."
"If a women is unhappy with herself,, then she can't please her man genuinely. Please yourself first"
"No one lights a lamp and puts it in a place where it will be hidden, or under a bowl. Instead he puts it on its stand, so that those who come in may see the light."
"Your greatness is measured by your kindness; your education and intellect by your modesty; your ignorance is betrayed by your suspicions and prejudices, and your real caliber is measured by the consideration and tolerance you have for others."
"The best way to learning anything well is to seek out those who are the best in what you want to learn...and learn from them. Then, do it in your own way."
"This world is full of uniquely talented people that don't even know it because of the insecurities & lack of confidence they have placed upon themselves. They fail to seize the opportunity. They fail to rise to opportunate moment & make their life doomed one. Instead of succumbing into pressure, think & act or look a certain way to stay away from the negativity that will try to put you down. Be yourself, and motivate yourself. to live with value & merit."


text:
Place an Order: Click here for our Toll-Free Telephone, Fax Number, Email, Map and Mailing Addresses
Click here to join our E-Mail List
Welcome to Motherland Music
We specialize in African drum sales, repairs, instruction and performance. We have been in Los Angeles community providing our services since 1992, it has been an incredible journey growing up, sharing, and building a spirit in the drum.
There continues to be a world wide embracing of the powerful benefits that African drumming offers, we support and promote this movement and hope we can facilliate to you a connection that helps make our planet a better place.
Motherland's Senior Drum Instructor, Malik Sow nnn
A Saturday Class With Malik at Motherland
Click here to join our E-Mail List
Motherland Music is Inglewood, California
near La Brea Ave. and W. Centinela Blvd..
We have a showroom, drum repair workshop,
and a class/performance space.
We are open daily,
7 days a week.
Full hours of operation are shown here.
Click here for a Google Map.
We offer hands-on instruction for learning traditional
rhythms on djembe, dundun, kpanlogo, conga and various other drums and percussion instruments.
Everyone is welcome to stop by and check things out.
Motherland Music has a great selection of African Drums and other world instruments too!
We also have books, CDs, and DVDs for learning instruction!!
Please call or email us to order!
If you need more information about a product, please contact us!
We're here for you. Thanks so much for your continued support!
Home │ Classes │ Contact │ Drums │ Shakers/Rattles │ Bells/Gongs │ Sticks/Beaters │ Accessories
Service/Repair │ Other Inst's │ CDs/ Books │ Videos │ Art │ Bags/Hats │ Rope │ Skins │ Stands │ Tools
For more product/shipping info., please e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


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I consider myself to be experienced and well versed in the ways that Vegas makes their lines. I will not claim to be an expert in this field, as other have done considerably more research. Vegas needs to set their lines so they receive equal amounts of action on both sides. Two factors come in to play here. The first is public perception and the second is cold hard data. The Super Bowl line is the most notable game in which public perception weighs heavier on the line as opposed to cold hard data. BUT….
In a mid-season NBA match up, the cold hard data outweighs public perception when it comes to factoring into Vegas' line. This proves very beneficial to us. We will allow Vegas to guide us in the right direction for the night. Allowing Vegas to do the hard work will give us a projected score for each game. No matter what projection model you use, you will rarely arrive at a score that is significantly different than the line Vegas provides (free of charge). DFS is built around scoring…lots of scoring. If 2 players are projected similarly for the night, I will always suggest to go with the player whose team is projected to score more points, using the Vegas' line
Picking players with an eye on their projected points is a great way to maneuver your way through a long NBA season.


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Free shipping when you spend $35+ on eligible products!
Shipping will be charged in non-eligible products. See individual product pages for details.
Ethicist Marvin Ellison compellingly argues that current crises in family, personal life, and sexuality are related to our culture's prevailing attitudes about human sexuality. He proposes a liberating Christian ethic of erotic justice that goes beyond the prevailing patriarchal paradigm.
Marvin M. Ellison is Willard S. Bass Professor of Christian Ethics at Bangor Theological Seminary. He is the author of numerous books and articles on gender, sexuality, and family life, includingSame Sex Marriage?: A Christian Ethical Analysis.


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Form, Function and Evolution in Tetrapod Vertebrates
Edited by
- Kurt Schwenk, University of Connecticut, Storrs, U.S.A.
Advanced undergraduate and graduate students; professional vertebrate biologists; teachers of vertebrate biology/comparative anatomy; vertebrate morphologists; and evolutionary biologists.
Book information
- Published: June 2000
- Imprint: ACADEMIC PRESS
"This volume represents an almost monumental attempt to provide a state-of-the-art review of tetrapod feeding mechanisms and is aimed at informing an audience composed of advanced undergraduates, post-graduates and research scientists."
—Paul M. Barrett in IBIS (2002)
"For those vertebrate palaeobiologists who have a major interest in the evolution of craniodental anatomy, this book is an utter godsend. ...This book provides a huge wealth of information on feeding in most groups of living vertebrates. It is a vitally important and immensely interesting addition to the literature in its own right, but as a tool for furthering palaeobiological research into feedings styles it is a key publication. ...Functional anatomists and biomechanicists such as myself will probably love this book; it is interesting, well-edited, well-written, full of crucially important information for palaeobiologists, and likely to become a success."
—Ian Jenkins, University of Bristol, UK, in THE PALAEONTOLOGICAL ASSOCATION NEWSLETTER (2001)
"...I have no doubt that it will become an important resource both for teaching and for future research in vertebrate biology. The book is well conceived and structured to be useful at many different levels - undergraduate, graduate, and as a reference work for researchers in the field. In addition, I believe that this book sets a new standard for work in the entire field of morphology."
From the Pre-Publication Reviews:, —Elizabeth L. Brainerd, Assistant Professor of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
"This contribution by Kurt Schwenk is an outstanding one. Not since 1985 has there been a summary volume available. Much has happened in tetrapod feeding since then and Feeding: Form, Function and Evolution in Tetrapod Vertebrates will fill a vast void and be gratefully received by the communities of vertebrate morphology and comparative physiology."
—G.E. Goslow, Jr., Professor of Biology and Medicine Vicechair, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
Table of Contents
Section I Introduction
Chapter 1 Tetrapod Feeding in the Context of Vertebrate Morphology
I. Introduction
II. Approaches to the Study of Tetrapod Feeding
III. Concluding Comments
Chapter 2 An Introduction to Tetrapod Feeding
I. Introduction
II. Morphology of the Feeding Apparatus
III. Kinematics of Feeding:The Gape Cycle
IV. Kinematics of Feeding: Feeding Stages
V. Concluding Remarks
Chapter 3 Aquatic Feeding in Salamanders
I. Introduction
II. Morphology
III. Function
IV. Diversity and Evolution
V. Opportunities for Future Research
Chapter 4 Terrestrial Feeding in Salamanders
I. Introduction
II. Morphology
III. Function
IV. Diversity and Evolution
V. Opportunities for Further Research
Chapter 5 Feeding in Frogs
I. Introduction
II. Morphology of the Feeding Apparatus
III. Function of the Feeding Apparatus
IV. Neural Control of Prey Capture
V. Evolution of the Feeding Apparatus
VI. Conclusions
VII. Current and Future Directions
Chapter 6 Feeding in Caecilians
I. Introduction
II. Morphology
III. Function
IV. Evolution
V The Future
Section III Reptilia: Testudines
Chapter 7 A Bibliography of Turtle Feeding
I. Introduction
II. Bibliography
Section IV Reptilia: Lepidosauria
Chapter 8 Feeding in Lepidosaurs
I. Introduction
II. Lepidosaurian Phylogeny and Classification
III. Natural History
IV. Morphology of the Feeding Apparatus
V. Feeding Function
VI. Specialized Feeding Systems
VII. Evolution of Feeding in Lepidosaurs
VIII. Future Directions
Chapter 9 Feeding in Snakes
I. Introduction
II. Form and Function
III. Performance and Size
IV. Evolution
V. Concluding Remarks
Section V Reptilia: Archosauria
Chapter 10 Feeding in Crocodilians
I. Introduction
II. Morphology
III. Function
IV. Evolution
Chapter 11 Feeding in Paleognathous Birds
I. Introduction
11. Materials and Methods
III. Morphology of the Hyolingual Apparatus
IV. Function of the Hyolingual Apparatus
V Evolution of the Feeding System
Chapter 12 Feeding in Birds: Approaches and Opportunities
I. Introduction
II. Patterns of Analysis
III. Conclusion
Section VI Mammalia
Chapter 13 Feeding in Mammals
I. Introduction
II. Mammalian Feeding System
III. The "Process Model" for Mammalian Feeding
IV. Mechanical Properties and Textures of Foods
V. The Feeding Apparatus
VI. Feeding Function
VII. Control of Feeding Behaviors
Chapter 14 The Ontogeny of Feeding in Mammals
I. Introduction
II. Morphology
III. Function and Mechanics of Suckling
IV. Rhythmicity and Control of Suckling
V. Coordination of Swallowing and Respiration
VI. Transition from Suckling to Drinking at Weaning
VII. Evolutionary Considerations
Chapter 15 Feeding in Myrmecophagous Mammals
I. Introduction
II. Foraging Ecology
III. Morphology of the Feeding Apparatus
IV. Functional Morphology
V. Evolution of Myrmecophagous Specializations
VI. Directions for Future Research
Chapter 16 Feeding in Marine Mammals
I. Introduction
II. Feeding Strategies
III. Conclusions