text:
Current Issues
Arms Control & Non Proliferation
- Cluster Munitions
- Fact sheet: The New START Treaty
- Glossary of Nuclear Terms
- Intermediate-Range And Shorter-Range Missiles (INF Treaty, via State.gov)
- Facts on U.S. Efforts in Landmine Clearance
- New START Treaty Aggregate Numbers of Strategic Offensive Arms (01 Oct 2014)
- NPT Myths & Facts
- Nuclear Policy : Key documents
- Nuclear Posture Review website
- Fact sheet on Open Skies Arms Control Treaty
- Facts on U.S. Nuclear Weapons Employment Strategy
- Nuclear Risk Reduction Center via State.gov (NRRC, Red Phone)
- Fact Sheet: Role of the Nuclear Risk Reduction Center
- State Dept. Office of Weapons Removal and Abatement (WRA)
Arms Control & NPT News
21 September 2015 Updates on the International Partnership for Nuclear Disarmament Verification (via State.gov) On December 4, 2014, Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security Rose Gottemoeller announced a new initiative to develop the tools and technologies in the quest to reduce and eliminate nuclear weapons – the International Partnership for Nuclear Disarmament Verification (IPNDV). Following the inaugural meeting in March in Washington DC, the 26 countries of the Partnership agreed to form three working groups to inform closer study on verification issues that exist at all stages of the nuclear weapons lifecycle.
26 August 2015 White House Statement on the International Atomic Energy Agency's Low Enriched Uranium Bank "Representatives from around the globe are gathered in Astana, Kazakhstan, to launch the International Atomic Energy Agency's Low Enriched Uranium (LEU) Bank. Through this initiative, Member States of the IAEA will be able to access a ready reserve of nuclear material for fueling peaceful power reactors should they have difficulties securing such material on the international market. "
25 August 2015 State's Countryman at the First Conference of States Parties to the Arms Trade Treaty "Finally, the Treaty is not a solution by itself to the problems of armed conflict that plague the world, but it is a tool that we can use, energetically and effectively, to address those problems. The United States will continue its commitment to the Arms Trade Treaty."
10 August 2015 Statement by the Press Secretary on the 2016 Nuclear Security Summit Two years ago, in Berlin, the President formally announced his plan to host a fourth and final Nuclear Security Summit in 2016. The Summit will be held March 31-April 1, 2016, at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington, D.C.
06 August 2015 DoD's Work, Kendall Visit Livermore Lab, Nuke Stockpile (DoD.gov)
16 July 2015 DoS Sherman Briefing to the Press on the Iran Nuclear Deal "This is an issue that was created by the world. It was created by the United Nations Security Council resolutions. It was solved by the world in the P5+1 and the European Union facilitating, and now will be endorsed in a UN Security Council resolution that was introduced by Ambassador Power yesterday and joined by the P5 and, we hope, by every member of the Security Council for passage – we hope early next week. The world has worked hard to resolve this peacefully, and as we come to the 70th anniversary of the United Nations, it is fitting that, in fact, multilateral diplomacy can be shown to work."
26 June 2015 State's Rose on Transatlantic Missile Defense: Defining the Right Threat Set "The 2010 BMDR is quite clear on our policy: U.S. missile defenses are neither designed nor directed against Russia's or China's strategic nuclear forces. However, by the same token, we have also made it clear that we cannot and will not accept legally-binding or other constraints that would limit our ability to defend ourselves, our allies, and our partners. The United States will continue to insist on having the flexibility to respond to evolving ballistic missile threats."
10 June 2015 State's Gottemoeller on Open Skies Treaty Third Review Conference "While Russian aggression in Ukraine has undermined security and confidence in Europe, the current crisis has also demonstrated the value of functioning arms control agreements. ... In addition to Open Skies flights, other European conventional arms control mechanisms have been used to promote stability and provide transparency."
22 May 2015 State's Gottemoeller at the Conclusion of the 2015 Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty Review Conference "We regret that we were not able to support the draft consensus document tabled by the President of the conference. The blame for the inability of this conference to produce a forward-looking consensus document, however, lies squarely with those states that were unable to show any flexibility in pursuit of the convening of a Middle East conference that enshrined the principles of consensus and equality."
28 April 2015 Joint U.S.-Japan Statement on Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (IIPDigital) A joint statement issued by Japan and the United States on their commitment to seek peace and security of a world without nuclear weapons.
27 April 2015 Secretary Kerry Delivers Remarks at the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) Review Conference Secretary Kerry delivered the U.S. national statement to the Parties to the NPT attending the Treaty's ninth Review Conference. He relayed a statement from President Obama on the importance of the NPT and reaffirmed the U.S. commitment to all three pillars of the Treaty – disarmament, nonproliferation, and peaceful uses of the atom. Secretary Kerry announced that the U.S. nuclear stockpile now stands at its lowest level since the Cold War.
• Secretary Kerry's Remarks at the 2015 Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty Review Conference
27 April 2015 White House on Treaty on Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone in Central Asia Today, the President submitted the Protocol to the Treaty on a Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone in Central Asia to the U.S. Senate for its advice and consent to ratification. This is the latest step demonstrating the U.S. commitment to nuclear non-proliferation and to reducing nuclear dangers worldwide.
22 April 2015 Global nuclear disarmament is the goal The Ninth Review Conference of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) opens in New York on April 27. Representatives of NPT signatory countries meet every five years to discuss ways to advance the NPT and disarmament goals.
14 April 2015 Myths and Facts Regarding the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and Regime
08 April 2015 U.S. Envoy at 2015 Session of U.N. Disarmament Commission "The NPT remains critical to our common security. Protecting its authority, while strengthening its implementation in all its aspects, are goals that all States Parties to the Treaty share, and that should guide our respective approaches to the upcoming RevCon."
07 April 2015 State's Rose on Enhancing Regional Missile Defense Cooperation "[] I do want to reiterate one point that you undoubtedly heard from Elaine and Ken: the President's Fiscal Year 2016 budget protects and enhances our important missile defense priorities such as the European Phased Adaptive Approach and reflects the high priority we place on these efforts. As such, the U.S. commitment to NATO missile defense and the sites in Romania and Poland remains "ironclad." "
07 April 2015 A Strong NPT Treaty: Our Best Hope for a World without Nuclear Weapons (via State.gov dipnote)
03 April 2015 UN International Day for Mine Awareness and Assistance in Mine Action Secretary Kerry: "Landmines and other unexploded ordnance continue to endanger civilians in over 60 countries across the globe. We must make that our focus during the coming year."
• Fact Sheet: U.S. Global Leadership in Landmine Clearance and Conventional Weapons Destruction
01 April 2015 State Dept. Fact Sheet on New START Treaty Numbers Data in this Fact Sheet comes from the biannual exchange of data required by the Treaty. It contains data declared current as of March 1, 2015. Data will be updated each six month period after entry into force of the Treaty.
30 March 2015 State's Rose on International Security and Missile Defense Assistant Secretary Rose outlines the U.S. commitment to ballistic missile defense.
27 March 2015 State's Friedt in Vienna on Disarmament and Nonproliferation
20 March 2015 Facts on Partnership for Nuclear Disarmament Verification In December 2014, Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security Rose Gottemoeller announced a new initiative to enhance security and stability in the effort to reduce and eliminate nuclear weapons – the International Partnership for Nuclear Disarmament Verification (IPNDV). The IPNDV brings together both nuclear and non-nuclear weapon states under a cooperative framework to further understand and find solutions to the complex challenges involved in the verification of nuclear disarmament.
• Facts on Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Disarmament Pillar
• Facts on Promoting Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy
06 March 2015 State's Countryman at IISS in London Remarks by Assistant Secretary for International Security and Nonproliferation, Thomas Countryman, at the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) in London, UK.
05 March 2015 Statement by President Obama on the 45th Anniversary of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty "Forty-five years ago today the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
entered into force. At the time that the treaty was signed, it was
widely predicted that dozens of countries would develop nuclear weapons,
a prospect that threatened to disrupt global stability and security.
Instead, thanks to worldwide collective efforts and commitment, the NPT
has become the cornerstone of the nuclear nonproliferation regime,
reinforcing international peace and security, and preventing the further
spread of nuclear weapons while promoting the peaceful uses of nuclear
energy. Today, global nuclear stockpiles are at their lowest levels
since the 1950s."
• Secretary Kerry on the 45th Anniversary of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
02 March 2015 Joint P5 Statement on Medical Isotope Production, Xenon Gas Joint statement issued by the People's Republic of China, France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom, and the United States after the conclusion of the P5 London Conference of 4-5 February 2015, in London.
01 January 2015 New START Treaty Aggregate Numbers of Strategic Offensive Arms Data in this Fact Sheet comes from the biannual exchange of data required by the Treaty. It contains data declared current as of September 1st, 2014
17 December 2014 U.S. Perspectives on the Opportunities and Challenges of Nuclear Disarmament via State Dept Robert Wood: "I appreciate your interest in American perspectives on the opportunities and challenges of nuclear disarmament."
16 December 2014 Joint Statement on EU-US High level Dialogue on Non-Proliferation, Disarmament and Arms Control The EU and the US met in Brussels for a High level Dialogue on Non-Proliferation, Disarmament and Arms Control. Both sides agreed to continue their very fruitful cooperation as long-time partners with a shared interest in promoting international security, non-proliferation, disarmament and arms control.
08 December 2014 Secretary Kerry - Clear Land Mines off the Earth "For more than two decades, the United States has been at the forefront of international efforts to remove these deadly devices and to address the humanitarian effects that these weapons can have on civilian populations."
• To Walk the Earth in Safety (2014) (via state.gov)
• State Dept. Assistant Secretary Puneet Talwar on release of 2014 report (via state.gov)
08 December 2014 State Dept. Facts on U.S. Efforts in Landmine Clearance For more than 20 years, the United States has been the world's single largest financial supporter of efforts to address humanitarian hazards from landmines and unexploded ordnance in post-conflict countries, as well as to reduce the availability of excess, loosely-secured, or otherwise at-risk weapons and ordnance
04 December 2014 State's Gottemoeller in Prague on Eliminating Nuclear Weapons (via IIPDigital) "As we consider future reductions, our focus must be on achievable and verifiable measures that all interested parties — nuclear states and non-nuclear states alike — can trust. Our past experience — both successes and disappointments — will inform how and when we proceed, with each step building on the last."
04 December 2014 State Dept. Facts on Nuclear Disarmament Verification Initiative (via IIPDigital)
19 November 2014 International Security and Missile Defense via State Dept. Deputy Assistant Secretary Frank A. Rose: "At the State Department, I am responsible for overseeing a wide range of defense issues, including missile defense policy. In this capacity, I served as the lead U.S. negotiator for the missile defense bases in Romania, Turkey, and Poland.So I'm pleased to be here today to discuss international security and missile defense."
18 November 2014 State's Gottemoeller on Ballistic Missile Defense "I will reiterate one point you have already heard today: The Obama Administration's commitment to deploying missile defenses to defend the United States homeland, our Allies and partners never waivers. In Europe, we are on track for Phase 2 of the European Phased Adaptive Approach and we are committed to having Phase 3 in Poland completed in 2018."
22 October 2014 U.S. Envoy Wood at U.N. Discussion on Conventional Weapons (via IIPDigital)
21 October 2014 U.S. Nuclear Weapons Policy in the 21st Century Remarks by Rose Gottemoeller Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security at the Dixie State University St. George, Utah.
20 October 2014 U.S. Envoy at U.N. Discussion on Nuclear Weapons "Moreover, it is clear that the pragmatic, sustained approach we have taken has borne fruit, and it has achieved major reductions in the number of nuclear weapons, and in fissile material stocks and infrastructure. Despite existing tensions, the United States and the Russian Federation continue to successfully implement the New START Treaty, which is the most comprehensive nuclear arms control agreement in more than 20 years."
01 October 2014 New START Treaty Aggregate Numbers of Strategic Offensive Arms as of Oct 2014 Data in this Fact Sheet comes from the biannual exchange of data required by the Treaty. It contains data declared current as of September 1, 2014.
23 September 2014 Facts on Changes to U.S. Land Mine Policy (via IIPDigital)
15 September 2014 Nuclear Weapons Testing: History, Progress, Challenges: Verification and Entry Into Force of the CTBT Remarks by Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security, Rose Gottemoeller, Washington, DC.
11 September 2014 U.S.-Russia INF Treaty Compliance Meeting in Moscow (via State.gov) Representatives of the United States and Russia met today, September 11, in Moscow to discuss issues of Russian non-compliance with the INF Treaty, as raised by the United States. ... Although the U.S. concerns were not assuaged in this meeting, the parties had a useful exchange of views.
• Related: Intermediate-Range And Shorter-Range Missiles (INF Treaty, via State.gov)
08 July 2014 U.S. Contributions Toward a World Without Nuclear Weapons ASEAN Regional Forum Remarks by Frank Rose, Deputy Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance, in Tokyo, Japan.
01 July 2014 New START Treaty Aggregate Numbers of Strategic Offensive Arms (PDF via State.gov)
17 June 2014 Implementing Missile Defense in a Global Context Deputy Assistant Secretary Rose, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance, addressing the 3AF Missile Defense Conference
10 June 2014 State's Rose on Security of Space Environment "Some of us would suggest we pursue a new legally binding arms control agreement. The United States is willing to consider space arms control proposals and concepts that are equitable, effectively verifiable, and enhance the security of all nations. However, we have not yet seen any legally binding proposals that meet these criteria."
27 May 2014 U.S. Sends Expert Team to Balkans After Floods Unearth Land Mines The U.S. State Department is deploying its Quick Reaction Force, a group of civilian explosive-ordnance-disposal experts, to Serbia and Bosnia-Herzegovina after flooding increased the danger from land mines and unexploded ordnance in those nations.
06 May 2014 United States Signs Protocol to Central Asian Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty Today in New York on the margins of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) Preparatory Committee Meeting, the United States, the United Kingdom, France, China, and Russia signed the Protocol to the Central Asian Nuclear-Weapon-Free-Zone (CANWFZ) Treaty
29 April 2014 State's Countryman on Ukraine's Renunciation of Nuclear Weapons "We applaud Minister of Foreign Affairs Deshchytsia's reaffirmation of Ukraine's longstanding commitment to its nonproliferation obligations at the Nuclear Security Summit last month. Like Ukraine, the United States is committed to achieving the peace and security of a world without nuclear weapons.
23 April 2014 Mine Removal Programs in Cambodia Help Make Communities Safer
21 April 2014 Strengthening Nuclear Security Sustainability
15 April 2014 Joint Statement on the P5 Beijing Conference: Enhancing Strategic Confidence and Working Together to Implement the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Review Outcomes A joint statement issued by the People's Republic of China, France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom, and the United States at the conclusion of the P5 Beijing Conference: Enhancing Strategic Confidence and Working Together to Implement the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Review Outcomes.
25 March 2014 Obama Commends Increased Commitment to Reducing Nuclear Material In remarks at the end of the Nuclear Security Summit in The Hague, Netherlands, President Obama commended several participating countries for taking concrete steps to reduce the chances of excess nuclear material falling into the hands of terrorists. Nearly 60 world leaders gathered at the March 24–25 summit, which was aimed at building international cooperation to reduce the amount of dangerous nuclear material in the world and improve the security of all nuclear material and radioactive sources.
25 March 2014 Ukraine-U.S. Joint Statement at Nuclear Security Summit (IIPDigital)
25 March 2014 White House Fact Sheet on Countering Nuclear Smuggling
24 March 2014 Countries' Agreement to Enhance Radiological Security (IIPDigital)
24 March 2014 Nuclear Security Summit Statement on Highly Enriched Uranium (IIPDigital)
13 February 2014 Strengthening Cooperation for Countering Nuclear and Radioactive Smuggling The International Atomic Energy Agency's (IAEA) Incident and Trafficking Database (ITDB) indicates that nuclear and radioactive materials continue to be encountered out of regulatory control.
11 February 2014 Remarks at the Countering Nuclear and Radiological Smuggling Workshop "Now as we prepare for the third Nuclear Security Summit next month in The Hague, we must not only consider the progress we have made, but also acknowledge the work that remains to be done to prevent nuclear or radiological terrorism. Current and past inabilities to secure nuclear and radioactive materials continue to mean that materials are vulnerable to theft, or are now already outside regulatory control, and vulnerable to terrorists or other malicious actors. Despite our many nuclear security successes, the threat that highly enriched uranium or plutonium could be obtained by terrorists or other criminals intent to cause harm continues to represent one of the most pressing threats to global security."
04 February 2014 Remarks to the UN Conference on Disarmament "We continue to work to build support for ratification of the CTBT, making the case to our citizens and legislators that the Treaty will serve to enhance our collective security. We ask for the support of the international community in continuing to build and maintain the International Monitoring System and On-Site Inspection regime. As we make the case for the Treaty's verifiability, this support will be crucial."
28 January 2014 U.S. Emphasizes International Cooperation in Arms Control In a concerted effort to seek the peace and security of a world without nuclear weapons, the United States will continue to pursue international cooperation and transparency. In a discussion on U.S. security policy at the Swedish Institute of International Affairs in Stockholm, Frank Rose, deputy assistant secretary of state for arms control, verification and compliance, said the United States is taking a multipronged approach.
01 January 2014 New START Treaty Aggregate Numbers of Strategic Offensive Arms Data in this Fact Sheet comes from the biannual exchange of data required by the Treaty. It contains data declared current as of 01 September 2013.
13 December 2013 Russian Nuclear Megatons Become U.S. Megawatts The last scheduled delivery of low enriched uranium (LEU) under the landmark 1993 U.S.-Russia highly enriched uranium (HEU) purchase agreement arrived in Baltimore the week of December 10, and on that day the United States and Russia commemorated the expected completion of the agreement. The two countries also pledged continued collaboration on nuclear nonproliferation, the U.S. Department of Energy announced in a press release.
10 December 2013 U.S.-Russia Statement on Nuclear Collaboration Joint statement by the United States and Russia following a Russian delegation visit to the United States.
10 December 2013 White House on U.S.–Russia "Megatons to Megawatts" Program With this week's off-loading at the Port of Baltimore, Maryland, of the last delivery of low-enriched uranium derived from 500 metric tons of highly enriched uranium, our countries have seen to fruition the implementation of the 1993 U.S.-Russia Highly Enriched Uranium Purchase Agreement.
04 November 2013 State's Rose at Pugwash Conference on World Security (via IIPDigital) Remarks by Deputy Assistant Secretary Rose, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance at the Sixtieth Pugwash Conference on Science and World Security, Istanbul, Turkey.
02 November 2013 U.S. Official at U.N. on Regional Disarmament, Security Remarks by Jeffrey L. Eberhardt, Alternate Representative, U.S. First Committee Delegation, at the Thematic Discussion on Regional Disarmament and Security, New York, NY.
29 October 2013 Kerry Says Arms Reduction Treaty Creates Openness, Lessens Risk A nuclear disarmament treaty signed by the United States and Russia three years ago is a practical, common-sense approach that is needed to address the nuclear weapons threat, says Secretary of State John Kerry, and it creates an openness not seen before in arms reduction efforts.
22 October 2013 Fact Sheet : The New START Treaty
07 October 2013 Secretary Kerry and Russian Foreign Minister Sign Amendment to NRRC Agreement The U.S. Department of State is pleased to announce that Secretary Kerry and Russian Foreign Minister Lavrov signed the Agreement to Amend the Agreement on the Establishment of Nuclear Risk Reduction Centers (NRRCs). The original agreement, between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, was signed on September 15, 1987, and established Centers in Washington, DC and in Moscow to provide the time-sensitive communications required by arms control treaties and security agreements.
01 October 2013 New START Treaty Aggregate Numbers of Strategic Offensive Arms Data in this Fact Sheet comes from the biannual exchange of data required by the Treaty. It contains data declared current as of September 1, 2013.
25 September 2013 Kerry Signs Treaty to Halt Illicit Arms Trade Secretary of State John Kerry has signed a treaty to reduce the risk of international transfer of conventional weapons used to fuel conflict, terrorism and human rights violations. "This is about promoting international peace and global security. And this is about advancing important humanitarian goals," Kerry said in signing the Arms Trade Treaty September 25 during the 68th session of the United Nations General Assembly in New York.
• Fact Sheet: The Arms Trade Treaty
17 September 2013 Russia-U.S. Pact to Expand Collaboration on Nuclear Research Russia and the United States have signed an agreement to expand cooperation between the countries in nuclear research. U.S. Secretary of Energy Ernest Moniz and Director-General of Russia's State Atomic Energy Corporation (ROSATOM) Sergey Kirienko signed the pact on the margins of the International Atomic Energy Agency's General Conference in Vienna.
18 September 2013 U.S. Works to End Fatal Aftereffects of War Since 1993, the United States has contributed more than $2 billion to more than 90 countries to reduce the harmful effects of conventional weapons of war, according to Tom Kelly, the acting assistant secretary for political-military affairs at the State Department, who also spoke at the Foreign Press Center briefing. That makes the United States, he said, the world's largest donor supporting humanitarian mine action programs that include removing and destroying land mines and other explosives, rehabilitation programs for the victims of these weapons and programs to educate the public about their dangers.
09 September 2013 The Prague Agenda in 2013 - Challenges and Prospects Remarks by Acting Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security Rose Gottemoeller at the Czech Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Prague, Czech Republic.
03 September 2013 1,000 Observation Flights Under the Treaty on Open Skies (via State.gov) Today, the U.S. Department of State recognizes that 1,000 observation flights have been conducted successfully under the Treaty on Open Skies. Since the Treaty entered into force on January 1, 2002, its 34 States Parties, including the United States and Russia, have conducted unarmed aerial observation flights with optical cameras over each other's territory, building confidence mission by mission and helping to verify arms control treaties.
02 July 2013 Energy Secretary Moniz at International Conference on Nuclear Security "With energy demand increasing rapidly in India, China, throughout parts of Africa, and elsewhere around the globe, the need for clean energy is rising like never before. Nuclear energy can and should be part of the solution. But if we are to take advantage of nuclear energy as part of a low-carbon economy, we must also address the challenges of nuclear security. In Berlin, President Obama echoed the vision he first laid out in his 2009 Prague speech: the need to secure vulnerable materials, decrease the number of nuclear weapons, and build a sustainable and secure nuclear energy industry."
01 July 2013 New START Treaty Aggregate Numbers of Strategic Offensive Arms Data in this Fact Sheet comes from the biannual exchange of data required by the Treaty. It contains data declared current as of March 1, 2013.
26 June 2013 Facts on U.S.-EU Dialogue on Trade Controls to Fight Proliferation Representatives from 34 countries and administrative regions, as well as experts from industry and nongovernmental organizations, came together the last three days to discuss how countries can reduce the threat of global proliferation of weapons of mass destruction through cooperation to strengthen strategic trade controls.
19 June 2013 Obama Proposes Further Cuts in U.S. Nuclear Weapons Stockpile President Obama says he wants to
take "additional steps forward" with Russia to cut the number of
deployed nuclear weapons and move further beyond the nuclear postures
both countries held during the Cold War. Speaking in Berlin June 19, Obama said he is pursuing his long-term
goal of a world without nuclear weapons, first announced in Prague in
2009, and said that as a result of the 2011 New START Treaty with
Russia, both countries are already on track to cut the number of
deployed nuclear weapons to their lowest levels since the 1950s.
• Facts on U.S. Nuclear Weapons Employment Strategy
12 June 2013 State's Rose in London at Missile Defense Conference
29 May 2013 U.S., EU Lead Global Nonproliferation, Biosurveillance Efforts As nuclear, biological and chemical threats continue to evolve worldwide, partnership between the United States and European Union countries to counter such threats remains critical, a senior Defense Department official said in Helsinki.
28 May 2013 State Dept. on 10 Years of Proliferation Security (via State.gov) The United States, Poland, and 70 other partner states of the Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI), and three international organizations marked the Tenth Anniversary of the PSI with a High-Level Political Meeting in Warsaw. At the meeting, PSI partners recognized the critical role the Initiative has played in countering the spread of weapons of mass destruction.
21 May 2013 Geopolitics and Nuclear Energy: The View from the State Department Acting Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security Rose Gottemoeller delivers remarks at the Nuclear Energy Institute.
13 May 2013 U.S. on Iran's Rotation as President of Conference on Disarmament "Iran's upcoming rotation as President of the Conference on Disarmament is unfortunate and highly inappropriate. ... As a result, the United States will not be represented at the ambassadorial level during any meeting presided over by Iran."
01 May 2013 State's Rose on U.S. Missile Defense Efforts Providing an overview on the status of the United States European Phased Adaptive Approach to missile defense, or for short the E-P-A-A.
30 April 2013 U.S. Statement on Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy Remarks by John Fox, Director for Multilateral Nuclear and Security Affairs, Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation at the Second Session of the NPT Preparatory Committee, Geneva, Switzerland.
29 April 2013 U.S. Statement on NPT Regional Issues: Second Session of the Prepatory Committee, Geneva, Switzerland Assistant Secretary Thomas Countryman at the 2015 Review Conference of the States Parties to the Treaty on the Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons.
22 April 2013 Statement by Assistant Secretary Countryman With Opening Remarks from Secretary Kerry at Non-Proliferation Treaty Preparatory Committee Meeting (State.gov) "This summer, we celebrate the 45th anniversary of the signing of the NPT. Although conceived in a different era when the hands of the Doomsday Clock pointed precariously towards disaster, the treaty's goal of preventing the proliferation of nuclear weapons remains no less relevant today. This is why, in 2009, President Obama re-affirmed our nation's support for the treaty and called on all countries to join us in working to secure the peace and security of a world free of the threat of nuclear catastrophe. "
02 April 2013 U.N. Treaty Will Set Controls over Global Arms Trade The United Nations General Assembly overwhelmingly passed the first
global arms trade treaty aimed at addressing the adverse effects of
international arms sales on global peace and stability. In a statement Secretary Kerry said the treaty will establish a
global standard to regulate the $70 billion per year conventional arms
• Ambassador DiCarlo at U.N. on Adoption of Arms Trade Treaty
29 March 2013 State Dept. Official on Meeting New Nonproliferation Challenges Remarks by Simon Limage, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Nonproliferation Programs, Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation, at the Center for International Trade & Security of the University of Georgia, St. Athens, GA.
25 March 2013 U.S. Statement on the Arms Trade Treaty in Plenary Remarks by Thomas Countryman, Assistant Secretary, Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation, at the Arms Trade Treaty Conference, New York City.
15 March 2013 The United States Supports the Arms Trade Treaty Secretary of State John Kerry: "The United States looks forward to working with our international partners at the upcoming conference from March 18-28 to reach consensus on an Arms Trade Treaty that advances global security and respects national sovereignty and the legitimate arms trade. We supported and actively participated in negotiations on an Arms Trade Treaty held at the United Nations in July 2012."
05 March 2013 Contest Winners Find Ways to Engage Public on Arms Control Winners of the State Department's "Innovation in Arms Control Challenge" received cash prizes for developing projects aimed at informing the public about the challenges of securing components and materials that could be used in weapons of mass destruction, and the potential role the public can play in helping their governments keep these items safe.
21 February 2013 Priorities for Arms Control Negotiations Post-New START Remarks by Acting Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security, Rose Gottemoeller, at the Exchange Monitor's Fifth Annual Nuclear Deterrence Summit, Arlington, VA, U.S.A.
19 February 2013 Bilateral Consultative Commission: Decision on the Number of Launches of ICBMs and SLBMs Conducted in 2012, on Which an Exchange of Telemetric Information Will Be Carried Out in 2013 (State.gov) In accordance with paragraph 2 of Part Seven of the Protocol to the
Treaty between the United States of America and the Russian Federation
on Measures for the Further Reduction and Limitation of Strategic
Offensive Arms of April 8, 2010, the Delegation of the United States of
America to the Bilateral Consultative Commission and the Delegation of
the Russian Federation to the Bilateral Consultative Commission decided
that the Parties would exchange, in 2013, telemetric information on one
launch of an ICBM or SLBM conducted by each Party during the period from
January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2012.
• Read as PDF (English & Russian)
08 January 2013 State Dept. on U.S. Nuclear Security Infrastructure The U.S. Government is committed to the modernization of the nuclear weapons infrastructure in order to support a safe, secure and effective nuclear weapons stockpile in the absence of nuclear explosive testing.
03 January 2013 Fact Sheet on U.S. Nuclear Weapons Stockpile Life Extension Programs The end of nuclear explosive testing has resulted in the development and application of advanced processes for extending the service life of the warheads in the United States' nuclear weapons stockpile. Extending the life of existing warheads helps to eliminate the need to build and test new weapons.
20 December 2012 U.S. Nuclear Weapon Computer Simulations State Department factsheet including links to videos from the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA).
07 December 2012 Assistant Secretary of State for International Security and Nonproliferation Thomas M. Countryman Travels to Pakistan, United Kingdom, Switzerland and Belgium.
04 December 2012 20-Year-Old Law Expands Fight Against Weapons of Mass Destruction President Obama marked the 20th anniversary of landmark legislation to dismantle weapons of mass destruction and said the prevention of nuclear terrorism around the world will remain one of his top national security priorities as the U.S. commander-in-chief.
03 December 2012 Obama on Reducing Threat of Nuclear Weapons "Missile by missile, warhead by warhead, shell by shell, we're putting a bygone era behind us."
26 November 2012 Tenth anniversary of the Hague Code of Conduct Against Ballistic Missile Proliferation (HCOC) Since it was launched on November 25, 2002, subscription to the HCOC has grown to 134 countries, and the Code has contributed significantly to international ballistic missile nonproliferation through its efforts to delegitimize such proliferation.
30 October 2012 Facts on U.S. Destruction of Weapons in Balkans The U.S. Department of State invested $12.6 million of Fiscal Year 2012 funds in support for Conventional Weapons Destruction programs in South East Europe to help promote that region's peace and security by reducing its Cold War-era stocks of excess arms and deteriorating munitions. The funds will also help to save lives and protect communities by safely clearing landmines and unexploded ordnance left behind from the conflicts in the Balkans region during the 1990s.
23 October 2012 Outer Space (Disarmament Aspects) Segment of Thematic Debate in the First Committee of the Sixty-seventh Session of the United Nations General Assembly Statement by the Delegation of the United States of America by Mr Walher S. Reid, U.S. Deputy Permanent Representative to the Conference on Disarmament.
23 October 2012 State Dept. on Lassina Zerbo's Selection as CTBT Secretary.
22 October 2012 Thematic Debate: "Other Weapons of Mass Destruction" Remarks by Ambassador Laura E. Kennedy, U.S. Representative to the Conference on Disarmament.
03 October 2012 New START Treaty Aggregate Numbers of Strategic Offensive Arms Factsheet contains data declared current as of 1st September 2012.
29 September 2012 State's Burns at U.N. Meeting on Countering Nuclear Terrorism (Terrorism)
15 September 2012 25 Years of Enhanced Strategic Security Through the Nuclear Risk Reduction Centers The U.S. Department of State commemorates the 25th Anniversary of the creation of the Nuclear Risk Reduction Centers (NRRCs) which were established under President Reagan and Soviet General Secretary Gorbachev with the purpose of opening a communications channel to reduce the risk of conflict.
10 September 2012 State's Rose on Missile Defense Cooperation Frank Rose, Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance speaking in Berlin, Germany on the implementation of the European Phased Adaptive Approach (EPAA), cooperation with NATO allies, the current status of U.S. and NATO missile defense cooperation efforts with Russia, and recent developments in missile defense cooperation in other key regions.
29 August 2012 Arms Control in the Information Age: Harnessing "Sisu" Remarks by Acting Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security Rose Gottemoeller at the Finnish Institute for International Affairs, Helsinki, Finland.
10 July 2012 U.S. Envoy at U.N. Conference on Arms Trade Treaty Statement by Assistant Secretary of the Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation, Thomas Countryman, at the the UN Conference on the Arms Trade Treaty Formal Meeting on Treaty Scope, New York, NY.
03 July 2012 State's Rose on Missile Defense and European Security
03 July 2012 Missile Defense Crucial in U.S. International Security Missile defense is a crucial element in the U.S. international security strategy, supporting deterrence and diplomacy, a senior U.S. diplomat said July 3 at an international conference in Paris.
29 June 2012 Third P5 Conference: Implementing the NPT The five Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) nuclear-weapon states, or "P5," met in Washington in the wake of the 2009 London and 2011 Paris P5 conferences to review progress towards fulfilling the commitments made at the 2010 NPT Review Conference, and to continue discussions on issues related to all three pillars of the NPT.
21 June 2012 Arms Reduction Treaty Progress Seen as Significant The New START Treaty ratified by the United States and Russia a year ago is demonstrating significant progress in lessening the nuclear dangers facing the Russian and American people while strengthening global security, a senior U.S. diplomat says.
• State's Gottemoeller at Senate Hearing on New START Treaty
14 June 2012 Briefing on Department of State Efforts to Expand Defense Trade
11 June 2012 State's Gottemoeller on Freeing World of Nuclear Weapons Remarks by Rose Gottemoeller, Acting Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security, at the Joseph Rotblat Memorial Lecture, Hay Festival, Hay-on-Wye, Wales, United Kingdom.
06 June 2012 Reinforcing Stability Through Missile Defense Remarks by Deputy Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance Rose at the OSCE Forum for Security Cooperation, Vienna, Austria.
06 June 2012 "Generation Praguers" Hold 2012 Meeting on Weapon Reductions The Cold War may be over, but the weapons of mass destruction live on, and they too must be eradicated. That was the message that President Obama delivered in Hradčany Square in Prague in April 2009. The throng that had gathered in the square that day erupted in applause. Since then, young people around the world who have embraced that goal have become known as "Generation Prague." To keep the message alive, the United States hosts an annual Generation Prague conference.
01 June 2012 New START Treaty Aggregate Numbers of Strategic Offensive Arms Data in this fact sheet comes from the biannual exchange of data required by the Treaty. It contains data declared current as of March 1, 2012.
30 May 2012 Special Envoy for Strategic Stability and Missile Defense Ellen Tauscher at 2012 RUSI Missile Defense Conference
16 May 2012 Missile Defense Cooperation Is the New Way Forward Special Envoy for Strategic Stability and Missile Defense Ellen Tauscher in Russia's Kommersant Newspaper.
12 May 2012 State's Rose on Reinforcing Stability Through Missile Defense
08 May 2012 State's Countryman on Middle East Issues Remarks at the First Session of the Preparatory Committee, 2015 Review Conference of the States Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Vienna, Austria.
30 April 2012 State's Gottemoeller on Science to Improve Arms Control Remarks to Committee on International Security and Arms Control, National Academy of Sciences Annual Meeting, Washington DC.
19 April 2012 U.N. Security Council Presidential Statement on Nuclear Nonproliferation
16 April 2012 Positions for the United States in the Upcoming Arms Trade Treaty Conference Remarks by Assistant Secretary Thomas Countryman, Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation
16 April 2012 State Dept. on Anniversary of Missile Technology Control Regime Formed by the (then) G-7 industrialized countries in 1987, the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) is an informal political understanding among states that seek to limit the proliferation of missiles and related technology; it is not a treaty. Since its creation, 27 additional countries have joined the MTCR, and many other countries have adhered unilaterally to the MTCR Guidelines or otherwise control exports of MTCR Annex items.
09 April 2012 Status of CTBT Signatures and Ratification (State Dept.) As of December 6, 183 nations have signed the Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), and 157 have ratified it. Of the 44 States whose deposit of instruments of ratification are specifically required by the CTBT for its entry into force, 41 have signed the Treaty and 36 have ratified it.
27 March 2012 Remarks by President Obama at Opening Plenary Session of the Nuclear Security Summit
26 March 2012 Ballistic Missile Defense: Progress and Prospects Special Envoy Tauscher: "Transforming missile defense from an issue of contention to one of cooperation will also help move us forward on the road toward greater nuclear reductions and, eventually, elimination."
26 March 2012 Obama Calls for More Cuts to U.S., Russian Nuclear Weapons President Obama said he plans discussions with Russian leaders aimed at further reducing the number of nuclear weapons in the U.S. and Russian arsenals, as part of his commitment to stopping the spread of nuclear weapons and eventually achieving a world without them.
21 March 2012 Seoul Summit to Focus on Nuclear Security During a two-day security summit in Seoul March 26–27, President
Obama will discuss his ongoing commitment to nuclear nonproliferation
and efforts to prevent nuclear weapons from falling into the hands of
terrorists or criminal organizations.
• U.S. Officials on Obama's Trip to Nuclear Security Summit
20 March 2012 State's Countryman at Senate on Nuclear Nonproliferation Managing Interagency Nuclear Nonproliferation Efforts: Are We Effectively Securing Nuclear Materials Around the World?
06 March 2012 The 2012 Nuclear Security Summit Ambassador Bonnie Jenkins, Coordinator for Threat Reduction Programs says: In April, 2009, during a speech in Prague, President Obama shared his vision for a world without nuclear weapons, free from the threat of nuclear terrorism, and united in our approach toward shared nuclear security goals. He also said that nuclear terrorism is, "the most immediate and extreme threat to global security" and that the United States would host a nuclear security summit within the next year. Recognizing the importance of the Summit process and that its goals require a long-term commitment, the Republic of Korea will host the [2012] Nuclear Security Summit in Seoul on March 26 and 27."
05 March 2012 Fact Sheet: 42nd Anniversary of Nuclear Weapons Treaty Forty-two years ago today, the Treaty on the Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) entered into force, becoming a cornerstone of U.S. and international security. The Treaty, the most widely adhered to international nonproliferation and disarmament instrument, also promotes the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. The United States remains steadfast in its support for the NPT.
02 March 2012 Arms Control in the Information Age Remarks by Acting Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security Rose Gottemoeller at Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
07 February 2012 Decision on the Number of Launches of ICBMs and SLBMs Conducted in 2011, on Which an Exchange of Telemetric Information Will Be Carried Out in 2012 (State Dept., Bilateral Consultative Commission)
07 February 2012 Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance press releases from the Bilateral Consultative Commission:
• Agreement Number 1 On Procedures for Conducting Demonstrations of Recording Media and/or Telemetric Information Playback Equipment
• Agreement Number 2 On the Amount of Telemetric Information on ICBM and SLBM Launches That Each Party Shall Provide
03 February 2012 Factsheet : New START Treaty Implementation Update On February 5, 2011, the New START Treaty entered into force. From that day and every day that has followed, the Treaty has been contributing to U.S. national security.
30 January 2012 State's Gottemoeller Interviewed by International Herald Tribune Remarks on the Conventional Forces in Europe Treaty (CFE), Russia, NATO, nuclear weapons and missile defense.
24 January 2012 U.S. Seeks Halt to Production of Nuclear Weapons Materials At the Geneva-based Conference on Disarmament, the United States called for a worldwide halt to the production of materials used in the making of nuclear weapons. Gottemoeller, who is the assistant secretary for arms control, verification and compliance, is in Geneva for the opening week of the Conference on Disarmament's 2012 session.
17 January 2012 From Telegraph to Twitter: Arms Control Diplomacy in the Information Age Remarks by Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance, Gottemoeller at the University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
23 December 2011 Briefing on 7th Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention Review
05 December 2011 White House on Biological Weapons Convention Review Conference Fact Sheet on the Seventh Review Conference of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention
01 December 2011 New START Treaty Aggregate Numbers of Strategic Offensive Arms The New START Treaty specifies that each party
to the Treaty may release to the public data on its own strategic
offensive arms. Accordingly, today the United States has made available
the unclassified U.S. data for the most recent data exchange, effective
September 1, 2011.
To view the updated fact sheet on New START aggregate data, with a supplemental summary of U.S. data, click here. The complete unclassified data for the United States is available upon request from the Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance. Please contact Jamie Mannina at email@example.com
16 November 2011 U.S. Position on the Convention on Conventional Weapons Negotiations on Cluster Munitions Protocol Department of State Legal Advisor Harold Koh and Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense Bill Lietzau discuss the U.S. position on the Convention on Conventional Weapons negotiated on a protocol on cluster munitions.
03 November 2011 State Department Fact Sheet on Chemical Weapons Convention
03 November 2011 Leading with International Cooperation to Strengthen Stability in Space Remarks by Frank A. Rose, Deputy Assistant Secretary of State Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance at the Near Space Security Conference, London.
02 November 2011 Bulletin of Atomic Scientists Interview with State's Gottemoeller Interview by Rose Gottemoeller,
Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance.
27 October 2011 From the Manhattan Project to the Cloud: Arms Control in the Information Age Rose Gottemoeller, Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance, giving the Sidney Drell Lecture at Stanford University, Stanford, CA.
26 October 2011 New Arms-Reduction Treaty Builds U.S., Russian Confidence The New START arms-reduction treaty, an agreement between the United
States and Russia to reduce each nation's nuclear arsenals to their
lowest levels in more than a half century, has been "a great success"
since its February implementation, according to a senior U.S. diplomat.
• With New START, U.S., Russia Commit to Disarmament (April 2010)
25 October 2011 Updated Fact Sheet: New START Treaty Aggregate Numbers of Offensive Arms Data in this Fact Sheet comes from the biannual exchange of data required by the Treaty. It contains data declared current as of September 1, 2011.
18 October 2011 Trans-Atlantic Missile Defense: Phase II and the Lead Up to the NATO Chicago Summit Under Secretary Tauscher on Trans-Atlantic Missile Defense.
03 October 2011 Effective Approaches for US Participation in a More Secure Global Nuclear Market Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security Tauscher in Remarks to Bipartisan Policy Center's Nuclear Initiative Conference.
29 September 2011 Key P-5 Public Statements on the scope of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
• Fact sheet: Scope of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT)
26 September 2011 State Dept. Fact Sheet: Benefits of Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty
23 September 2011 Under Secretary Tauscher at Nuclear Treaty Conference in New York Remarks by Ellen Tauscher, Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security, CTBT Article XIV Conference in New York City.
15 September 2011 U.S.-Poland Missile Plan Enters into Force The United States and Poland announced that an
agreement to place land-based SM-3 interceptors at a small air base near
the northern town of Redzikowo, Poland, part of a broader limited
missile defense system for Europe, has entered into force.
• White House Fact Sheet: Implementing Missile Defense in Europe
01 September 2011 U.S. Priorities for the NPT and Moving Forward
Remarks by Marcie B. Ries, Deputy Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance.
01 September 2011 Fact Sheet: The Case for the Comprehensive Test-Ban Treaty: Some Key Points
26 August 2011 Fact Sheet: Securing Dangerous Materials' Stockpiles in Libya Libya has been a country of proliferation concern and attention by the United States for many years. Since the beginning of the crisis in Libya this year, the United States has focused on the potential that increased insecurity on the ground could increase proliferation risks, including with the country's remaining stockpiles of uranium, chemical agents, and conventional weapons.
04 August 2011 21st Century Deterrence Challenges Remarks by Rose Gottemoeller, Assistant Secretary of State, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance.
25 July 2011 U.S. Missile Defense and Regional Security Frank Rose, Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Arms Control, Verification and Compliance, talks about the U.S. approach to missile defense and cooperation with other countries, including Israel.
19 July 2011 Countering Weapons Proliferation in Libya a Top U.S. Priority Countering the proliferation in Libya of small arms and light weapons, including surface-to-air missiles, is a top U.S. national security priority, according to the State Department.
13 July 2011 U.S., Russia Sign Agreements on Adoption, Plutonium Disposal Secretary of State Hillary Clinton praised the advancement of U.S.-Russian relations under the Obama administration and said both countries need to "continue and maintain the momentum" for the good of their people. Clinton met with Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov in Washington, where they signed agreements to increase cooperation in nuclear-weapons-grade plutonium disposal, air navigation, visa services between the two countries, research on the effects of radiation exposure safeguarding adoption procedures.
01 July 2011 Joint Statement on First P-5 Follow-Up Meeting to the NPT Review Conference
28 June 2011 P-5 Conference on Confidence Building Measures towards Nuclear Disarmament and Non-Proliferation Ellen Tauscher, Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security, will travel to Paris, where she will lead a U.S. delegation to the second Conference on Confidence Building Measures towards Nuclear Disarmament and Non-Proliferation from 29 June to 01 July 2011. She will be joined by Rose Gottemoeller, Assistant Secretary of State for Arms Control, Verification and Compliance, and a distinguished inter-agency delegation, including Gary Samore, Special Assistant to the President and White House Coordinator for Arms Control and Weapons of Mass Destruction.
16 June 2011 Twelfth Royal United Services Institute Missile Defense Conference Remarks by Ellen Tauscher, Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security, at RUSI in London, United Kingdom.
14 June 2011 Obama Committed to Ratifying Nuclear Test Ban Treaty The Obama administration will urge the U.S. Senate to ratify the 1996 treaty that bans all nuclear testing, and U.S. officials say they are in a position to make a strong case to overcome the objections lawmakers had when it came up for consideration in 1999.
01 June 2011 New START Treaty Aggregate Numbers of Strategic Offensive Arms (State Department Factsheet)
12 May 2011 Statement on Export Control Reform Ellen Tauscher, Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security
10 May 2011 U.S. Makes Progress Toward World Without Nuclear Weapons The Obama administration has dedicated "unprecedented financial, political and technical resources to prevent proliferation" and is making progress in moving toward a world without nuclear weapons, says Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security Ellen Tauscher.
03 May 2011 Fact Sheet: Phased Adaptive Approach to European Missile Defense
20 April 2011 Security Council Strengthens Global Nonproliferation and Counterterrorism Measures Today, the United Nations Security Council reaffirmed its strong commitment to international nonproliferation and counterterrorism efforts by unanimously adopting resolution 1977, and extending the mandate of the 1540 Committee for 10 years. Resolution 1977 reaffirms Security Council resolution 1540, which obliges states to implement measures to prevent the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD).
14 April 2011 U.S. Inspectors Begin Verifying Reduction of Russian Nuclear Arms A team of U.S. inspectors has arrived in Russia as part of the new Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (New START), which reduces and limits the nuclear arsenals of both countries. The treaty calls for on-site inspections in order to verify that the world's two largest nuclear powers are complying with the terms of the agreement.
13 April 2011 Commencement of New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty Inspection Activities
• Fact Sheet: Role of Nuclear Risk Reduction Centers
• Fact Sheet: Implementation Timeline for New START Requirements
04 April 2011 Strengthening Stability in Space Remarks by Frank A. Rose, Deputy Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance at the UN Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR), Space Security Conference 2011: Building on the Past, Stepping Towards the Future
31 March 2011 U.S. To Make Voluntary Contribution to United Nations Nonproliferation Efforts "Today, the United States announced its planned voluntary contribution to UN nonproliferation efforts pursuant to UN Security Council resolution (UNSCR) 1540. The United States plans to contribute $3 million to the UN Trust Fund for Global and Regional Disarmament later this year."
21 March 2011 Under Secretary Tauscher on U.S. Missile Defense Plans
09 February 2011 The Way Forward After New START Remarks by Rose Gottemoeller Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance
08 February 2011 United States, China Partner to Fight Nuclear Threats The United States and China pledged to cooperate on combating nuclear proliferation and enhancing nuclear security during Chinese President Hu Jintao's recent visit to Washington.
05 February 2011 United States and Russia Conclude New START Arms Cut Pact
Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton and Russian Foreign Minister
Sergey Lavrov exchanged diplomatic documents February 5 in Munich,
concluding a two-year effort to reduce nuclear arsenals to their lowest
levels in more than 50 years. The instruments of ratification signed by
Clinton and Lavrov to implement the New START pact govern reducing the
number of nuclear warheads to 1,550 for each nation from 2,200 warheads.
The treaty succeeds the 1991 Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty that
expired in December 2010.
• Fact Sheet: Role of Nuclear Risk Reduction Centers
• Fact Sheet: Implementation Timeline for New START Requirements
02 February 2011 President Obama signs new START Treaty The President signs a landmark nuclear arms treaty with Russia, New START, which will advance our security, our relations with Russia, and our progress toward a world not imperiled by nuclear weapons.
• Message from the President to the Senate on the New START Treaty
27 January 2011 Opening Statement to the Conference on Disarmament Remarks by Rose Gottemoeller, Assistant Secretary of State, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance.
13 December 2010 Investments in Ballistic Missile Defense The Administration is committed to defending the U.S. homeland against the threat of limited ballistic missile attack and defending against regional missile threats to U.S. forces and Allies. This commitment is reflected in substantial investments in ballistic missile defense (BMD).
24 November 2010 Vice President Joe Biden on the Case for Ratifying New Start OP-ED in the Wall Street Journal.
18 November 2010 President Obama's Remarks at Meeting on New START Treaty
16 November 2010 Statement by Vice President Biden on New START Treaty "Failure to pass the New START Treaty this year would endanger our national security. Without ratification of this Treaty, we will have no Americans on the ground to inspect Russia's nuclear activities, no verification regime to track Russia's strategic nuclear arsenal, less cooperation between the two nations that account for 90 percent of the world's nuclear weapons, and no verified nuclear reductions. The New START treaty is a fundamental part of our relationship with Russia, which has been critical to our ability to supply our troops in Afghanistan and to impose and enforce strong sanctions on the Iranian government."
03 November 2010 New START Treaty: It's Time for Senate to Vote A fact sheet from the U.S. Department of State Bureau of Arms Control, Verification & Compliance.
15 October 2010 The New START Treaty Remarks by Delegation of the U.S.A. to the First Committee of the United Nations General Assembly, New York City.
06 August 2010 The U.S.-India Civil Nuclear Cooperation Initiative
• Q&A: Civil nuclear cooperation with India on the Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT)
27 May 2010 Prospects for U.S.-Russia Missile Defense Cooperation Remarks by Deputy Assistant Secretary Frank A. Rose at the Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies, London
13 May 2010 Joint Statement By The Delegations Of The Russian Federation And The U.S. On New Start Treaty
04 May 2010 Toward a World Free from Nuclear Danger "I want to thank the United Kingdom as they join us this week as we work with our partners to reinvigorate the NPT, the cornerstone of the international nonproliferation regime and an essential foundation for eventual nuclear disarmament".
12 April 2010 Remarks by the President at the Opening Plenary Session of the Nuclear Security Summit
08 April 2010 With New START, U.S., Russia Commit to Disarmament The signing of the New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) demonstrates the commitment of both the United States and Russia to live up to their obligations as nuclear armed states under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) to move toward disarmament and make the world a safer and more secure place, President Obama said following the treaty's April 8 signing ceremony in Prague.
08 April 2010 START & the Prague Summit
• A New START in Prague (White House)
• U.S. Embassy Prague website on START signing
06 April 2010 Obama Administration Revamps Nuclear Policy The Obama
administration issued a new U.S. nuclear strategy April 6 that sharply narrows
the use of nuclear weapons, but maintains their traditional role to deter a
nuclear strike against the United States. The Nuclear Posture Review (PDF, 2.7MB) was unveiled at a Pentagon
briefing by Defense Secretary Robert Gates, Secretary of State Hillary Rodham
Clinton, Energy Secretary Steven Chu and Admiral Mike Mullen, the chairman of
the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
• Nuclear Posture Review website
29 March 2010 New START Treaty and the Obama Administration's Nonproliferation
Agenda Briefing by the
Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security, Ellen Tauscher, in Washington DC.
26 March 2010 Remarks by the President on the Announcement of New START
• Key Facts about the New START Treaty
26 March 2010 New Treaty Reduces U.S., Russian Nuclear Arsenals President Obama and Russian President Dmitry Medvedev finalized a landmark agreement that will cut the number of deployed nuclear weapons by 30 percent. Obama and Medvedev completed the new Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty, which had been in negotiation for almost a year, with a telephone call on March 26.
05 March 2010 Statement by President Obama on the 40th Anniversary of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty "Forty years ago today, in the midst of a Cold War, the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) entered into force, becoming the cornerstone of the world's efforts to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons. Today, the threat of global nuclear war has passed, but the danger of nuclear proliferation endures, making the basic bargain of the NPT more important than ever: nations with nuclear weapons will move toward disarmament, nations without nuclear weapons will forsake them, and all nations have an "inalienable right" to peaceful nuclear energy. Each of these three pillars -- disarmament, nonproliferation and peaceful uses -- are central to the vision that I outlined in Prague of stopping the spread of nuclear weapons and seeking a world without them."
30 November 2009 The United States is a World Leader in Humanitarian Mine Action The United States shares common cause with nations who are working to address the harmful effects of indiscriminately used landmines on civilians. We are proud to be a world leader in humanitarian mine action, having provided more than $1.5 billion since 1993 to mitigate the threat from landmines and explosive remnants of war in nearly 50 countries.
07 October 2009 Nuclear Nonproliferation a Shared Responsibility, Official Says Efforts to stop the spread of nuclear weapons and prevent nuclear terrorism must be shared, including "collective efforts" by countries to prevent others from crossing "the nuclear threshold," the State Department's top diplomat on arms control told the United Nations General Assembly.
24 September 2009 Fact Sheet on the United Nations Security Council Summit on Nuclear Nonproliferation and Nuclear Disarmament UNSC Resolution 1887
24 September 2009 Weapons Talks Spur New Cooperation Between U.S., Russia As the two major nuclear superpowers, the United States and Russia have made a substantial commitment to reduce their nuclear weapon stockpiles and both say they will reach an agreement on further reductions by the end of 2009.
17 September 2009 Remarks by the President on strengthening missile defense in Europe
17 September 2009 Obama Announces New Plan to Defend Europe from Iranian Missiles Citing the need for a more adaptable missile defense architecture for Europe that uses "proven and cost-effective" technology, the Obama administration unveiled plans for a phased deployment of sensors and missile interceptors designed to reduce the threat from Iran's ballistic missile program.
17 September 2009 Fact Sheet on U.S. Missile Defense Policy President Obama has approved the recommendation of Secretary of Defense Gates and the Joint Chiefs of Staff for a phased, adaptive approach for missile defense in Europe. This approach is based on an assessment of the Iranian missile threat, and a commitment to deploy technology that is proven, cost-effective, and adaptable to an evolving security environment.
31 August 2009 State's Gottemoeller on Arms Control Priorities Says a new START accord will persuade other nations to reduce arms.
12 August 2009 Strengthening the Nuclear Nonproliferation Regime: A Blueprint for Progress
05 August 2009 Obama to Lead U.N. Session on Nonproliferation President Obama will chair a high-level meeting of the U.N. Security Council on nuclear nonproliferation and disarmament when the United Nations convenes for the opening of the General Assembly in September, U.S. Ambassador Susan Rice said. "The Security Council has an essential role in preventing the spread and use of nuclear weapons and is also the world's principal multilateral instrument for global security cooperation," Rice said in an announcement August 4 in New York.
16 July 2009 Fact Sheet on Legacy of START and Related Arms Control Policies Arms control efforts reduce numbers of bombers, missiles, nuclear warheads.
10 June 2009 July Moscow Summit Seeks to Reduce Nuclear Arsenals President Obama and Russian President Dmitry Medvedev committed to reducing their nuclear arsenals through a proposed arms reduction treaty that would take effect late this year. As owners of more than 95 percent of the world's nuclear weapons, the United States and Russia will lead by example, Obama said after a meeting with Medvedev in early April.
29 May 2009 U.S. Helps Nations Reduce, Destroy Excess Weapons and Munitions Huge stockpiles of small arms, light weapons and aging munitions that were likely acquired decades ago now pose security and safety concerns for nations in every region of the world, say U.S. officials. The United States is committed to helping other nations reduce and destroy stockpiles of excess weapons and often unstable munitions, a State Department official says.
18 May 2009 State Department Fact Sheet on Open Skies Arms Control Treaty
15 May 2009 P-5 Non-Proliferation Treaty The Delegations of China, France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of America affirm their collective support for the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)
07 May 2009 Reducing Nuclear Arsenals Is a Critical U.S.-Russian Concern Reducing nuclear arsenals is among the highest priorities for the United States and Russia, but an array of other international issues from the Middle East to North Korea also fills the crowded agenda of the two nations.
05 May 2009 Preparations for 2010 Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty Review State's Gottemoeller notes need to strengthen convention.
24 April 2009 U.S.-Russia Nuclear Arms Reduction Talks Begin The first round of "very productive" negotiations to replace a 1991 nuclear arms reduction treaty have begun in Rome between senior U.S. and Russian diplomats. The new arms control negotiations are aimed at developing a replacement for the 1991 Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty, or START-1, before it expires December 5, 2009.
05 April 2009 Obama Seeks World Free of Nuclear Weapons President Obama vowed that the United States will take concrete steps toward a world free of nuclear weapons. "We will reduce the role of nuclear weapons in our national security strategy and urge others to do the same," Obama said in an April 5 speech in Hradcanske Square outside the medieval Prague Castle in the Czech Republic.
05 April 2009 Obama Condemns North Korea's Missile Launch President Obama condemned North Korea's launch of a long-range Taepodong-2 missile April 4 as a threat to the security of Northeast Asia and international peace and security. "With this provocative act, North Korea has ignored its international obligations, rejected unequivocal calls for restraint, and further isolated itself from the community of nations," said Obama.
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In his program notes, Philip Gossett refers to Rossini's "Maometto II" as "one of the greatest serious operas written during the 19th century." After having seen the Santa Fe Opera's performance Saturday, one is inclined to believe him.
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This is the original unpunlished research paper I completed in 2004 that let to a couple published papers in audit and security journals and also as a SANS project. I hope that I have become a little more diplomatic in my writing in the preceeding years (Nah...).
Here we show that "Ethical Attacks" often do not provide the benefits they purport to hold. In fact it will be shown that this type of service may be detrimental to the overall security of an organisation.
It has been extensively argued that blind or black box testing can act as a substitute for more in depth internal tests by finding the flaws and allowing them to be fixed before they are exploited. This article will show that not only is the premise that external tests are more likely to determine vulnerabilities is inherently flawed, but that this style of testing may actually result in an organisation being more vulnerable to attack.
"Ethical Attacks" or as more commonly described "(white hat) hacker attacks" have become widely utilised tools in the organisational goal of risk mitigation. The legislative and commercial drivers are a pervasive force behind this push.
This misconceived premise results in the mistrust of the very people entrusted to assess risk, detect vulnerabilities and report on threats to an organisation. Effectively this places the auditors in a position of censure and metaphorically "ties their hands behind their backs".
Externally sourced auditors are charged at an agreed rate for the time expended. Both internal and external testing works to a fixed cost.
Further, audit staff are limited in number compared to the attackers waiting to gain entry through the back door. It is a simple fact the pervasiveness of the Internet has led to the opening of organisations to a previously unprecedented level of attack and risk. Where vulnerabilities could be open for years in the past without undue risk, systems are unlikely to last a week un-patched today.
The foundation of the argument that an auditor has the same resources must be determined to be false. There are numerous attackers all "seeking the keys to the kingdom" for each defender. There are the commercial aspects of security control testing and there are the realities of commerce to be faced.
It may be easier to give the customer what they perceive they want rather than to sell the benefits of what they need, but as security professionals, it is our role to ensure that we do what is right and not what is just easier.
What passes as an Audit
An "ethical attack" or "penetration testing" is a service designed to find and exploit (albeit legitimately) the vulnerabilities in a system rather than weaknesses in its controls. Conversely, an audit is a test of those controls in a scientific manner. An audit must by its nature be designed to be replicable and systematic through the collection and evaluation of empirical evidence.
This may result in cases where "penetration testing will succeed at detecting a vulnerability even though controls are functioning as they should be. Similarly, it is quite common for penetration testing to fail to detect a vulnerability even though controls are not operating at all as they should be" [i].
On the contrary, an attacker is often willing to leave a process running long after the budget of the auditor has been exhausted. A resulting vulnerability that may be obscure and difficult to determine in the timeframe of an "external attack" is just as likely (if not more so) to be the one that compromises the integrity of your system than the one discovered early on in the testing.
Though it is often cast in this manner, an external test is in no way an audit.
There are several methods used in conducting external tests,
- White box testing is a test where all of the data on a system is available to the auditor;
- Grey box tests deliver a sample of the systems to the auditor but not all relevant information;
- Black box tests are conducted "blind" with no prior knowledge of the systems to be tested.
To complete a "white box" test, the auditor needs to have evaluated all (or as close to all as is practical) of the control and processes used on a system. These controls are tested to ensure that they are functionally correct and if possible that no undisclosed vulnerabilities exist. It is possible for disclosed vulnerabilities to exist on the system if they are documented as exceptions and the organisation understands and accepts the risk associated with not mitigating these.
The prevalence of tools based tests generally limits the findings to well known vulnerabilities and common mis-configurations and is unlikely to determine many serious systems flaws within the timeframe of the checking process.
Black box testing (commonly also known as "hacker testing") is conducted with little or no initial knowledge of the system. In this type of test the party testing the system is expected to determine not only the vulnerabilities which may exist, but also the systems that they have to check! This methodology relies heavily on tools based testing – far more so than Grey box tests.
One of the key failures of black box testing is the lack of a correctly determined fault model. The fault model is a list of things that may go wrong. For example a valid fault model for an IIS web server could include attacks against the underlying Microsoft Operating system, but would likely exclude Apache Web server vulnerabilities.
"It is often stated as an axiom that protection can only be done right if it's built in from the beginning. Protection as an afterthought tends to be very expensive, time-consuming, and ineffective"[ii]
What is an Audit? (Or what should an audit be)
An IT audit is a test of the controls in place on a system. An audit should always find more exposures than an "ethical attack" due to the depth it should cover. The key to any evaluation of an audit being the previous phrase "the depth it should cover". Again budgetary and skills constraints effect the audit process.
Often it is argued that a good checklist developed by a competent reviewer will make up for the lack of skills held by the work-floor audit member, but this person is less likely to know when they are not being entirely informed by the organisation they are meant to audit. Many "techies" will find great sport in feeding misinformation to an unskilled auditor leading to a compromise of the audit process. This of course has its roots in the near universal mistrust of the auditor in many sections of the community.
It needs to be stressed that the real reason for an audit is not the allocation of blame, but as a requirement in a process of continual improvement. One of the major failings in an audit is the propensity for organisations to seek to hide information from the auditor. This is true of many types of audit, not just IT.
From this table, it is possible to deduce that a report of findings issued from the penetration test would be taken to be significant when presented to an organisation's management. Without taking reference to either the audit or the control results as to the total number of vulnerabilities on a system, the penetration test would appear to provide valuable information to an organisation.
However when viewed against the total number of vulnerabilities, which may be exploited on the system, the penetration test methodology fails to report a significant result. Of primary concern, the penetration test only reported 13.3% of the total number of high-level vulnerabilities, which may be exploited externally on the test systems. Compared to the system audit, which reported 96.7% of the externally exploitable high-level vulnerabilities on the system, the penetration test methodology has been unsuccessful.
External penetration testing is less effective than an IT audit
To demonstrate that an external penetration test is less effective than auditing the data it is essential to show that both the level of high-level vulnerabilities detected as well as the total level vulnerabilities discovered by the penetration test are significantly less than those discovered during an audit.
As may be seen in Figure 1 - Graph of Vulnerabilities found by Test type and Figure 2 - Graph of Vulnerabilities found by exploit type that the total level of vulnerabilities discovered as well as a the high-level vulnerabilities are appreciably less in the penetration test results and from the audit results.
The primary indicator of the success of the penetration test would be both and detection of high-level vulnerabilities and the detection of a large number of vulnerabilities over all.
It is clear from Figure 3 - Graph of Vulnerabilities that the penetration test methodology, as reported, a smaller number of exploitable external vulnerabilities both as a whole and when comparing only the high-level vulnerability results.
It is not all Bad News
The key is sufficient planning. When an audit has been developed sufficiently, it becomes both a tool to ensure the smooth operations of an organisation and a method to understand the infrastructure more completely. Done correctly an audit may be a tool to not just point out vulnerabilities from external "hackers". It may be used within an organisation to simultaneously gain an understanding or the current infrastructure and associated risks and to produce a roadmap towards where an organisation needs to be.
A complete audit will give more results and more importantly is more accurate than any external testing. The excess data needs to be viewed critically at this point as not all findings will be ranked to the same level of import. This is where external testing can be helpful.
After the completion for the audit and verification of the results, an externally (preferably white box) test may be conducted to help prioritise the vulnerable parts of a system. This is the primary areas where external testing has merit.
"Blind testing" by smashing away randomly does not help this process. The more details an auditor has, the better they may do their role and the lower the risk.
Just as Edsger W. Dijkstra in his paper "A Discipline of Programming" denigrates the concept of "debugging" as being necessitated by sloppy thinking, so to may we relegate external vulnerability tests to the toolbox of the ineffectual security professional.
In his lecture, "The Humble Programmer", Edsger W Dijkstra is promoting –
"Today a usual technique is to make a program and then to test it. But: program testing can be a very effective way to show the presence of bugs, but it is hopelessly inadequate for showing their absence. The only effective way to raise the confidence level of a program significantly is to give proof for its correctness. But one should not first make the program and then prove its correctness, because then the requirement of providing the proof would only increase the poor programmers' burden. On the contrary: the programmer should let correctness proof and program to go hand in hand..."
Just as in programme development where the best way of avoiding bugs is to formally structure development, systems design and audit needs to be structured into the development phase rather that testing for vulnerabilities later.
It is necessary that the computer industry learns from the past. Similar to Dijkstra's assertion that "the competent programmer is fully aware of the strictly limited size of his own skull; therefore he approaches the programming task in full humility, and among other things he avoids clever tricks like the plague..."[iv]. Security professionals, including testers and auditors need to be aware of their limitations. Clever tricks and skills in the creation of popular "hacker styled" testing are not effective.
As the market potential has grown, unscrupulous vendors have been quoted overemphasising dangers to expand customer base and in some cases selling products that may actually introduce more vulnerabilities than they protect against.
External testing is an immense industry. This needs to change. It is about time we started securing systems and not just reaping money in from them using ineffectual testing methodologies.
An audit is not designed to distribute the allocation of blame. It is necessary that as many vulnerabilities affecting a system as is possible are diagnosed and reported. The evidence clearly support to the assertion that external penetration testing is an ineffective method of assessing system vulnerabilities.
In some instances, it will not be possible or feasible to implement mitigating controls for all (even high-level) vulnerabilities. It is crucial however that all vulnerabilities are known and reported in order that compensating controls may be implemented.
The results of the experiment categorically show the ineffectiveness of vulnerability testing by "ethical attacks". This ineffectiveness makes the implementation of affected controls and countermeasures ineffective.
This type of testing results in an organisation's systems being susceptible and thus vulnerable to attack. The results of this experiment strongly support not using "ethical attacks" as a vulnerability reporting methodology.
The deployment of a secure system should be one of the goals in developing networks and information systems in the same way that meeting system performance objectives or business goals is essential in meeting an organisation's functional goals.
I would like to thank Sonny Susilo for his help on this experiment and for BDO for their support. In particular I would like to that Allan Granger from BDO for his unwavering belief in this research.
Web Sites and Reference
S.C.O.R.E. – a standard for information security testing http://www.sans.org/score/
The Auditor security collection is a Live-System based on KNOPPIX http://remote-exploit.org/
Nessus is an Open Source Security Testing toolset http://www.nessus.org/
In support of the assertions made within this paper, an experimental research was conducted. The paper from this research has been completed and is available to support these assertions. First, the system tested is detailed as per the results of an audit. Next a scan of the system is completed as a Black, Grey and White box external Test.
The results of these tests below support the assertions made in this paper. The configuration of the testing tool has been tailored based on the knowledge of the systems as supplied.
[i] http://www.sdmagazine.com/documents/s=818/sdm9809c/
[ii] "Fred Cohen"
[iii] Fred Cohen, http://www.sdmagazine.com/documents/s=818/sdm9809c/
[iv] Edsger W Dijkstra, EWD 340: The humble programmer published in Commun. ACM 15 (1972), 10: 859–866.


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Published Wednesday, November 28, 2012
Mrs. Margaret Frances 'Marge' Condarato
Mrs. Margaret Frances "Marge" Condarato was born Jan. 14, 1923, in Pittsburgh, PA. She passed on Nov. 10, 2012, at the age of 89.
She lived with her daughter and then with her son in Sharpsburg, GA, from 1990 to 1999. She had attended business college in Corpus Christi, TX, and acquired an associate's degree in business. She went to work for Braniff Airways in Texas as a telegraph operator. After several years, she moved back to Pittsburgh and started her music career, teaching accordion and dance at the Arthur Murray Studios.
She leaves behind two sisters, three children, twelve grandchildren, twelve great-grandchidren and one great-great-grandchild.
Memorial services will be held at the Kingdom Hall of Jehovah's Witness at 3045 Poplar Rd., Sharpsburg, GA, on Saturday, Dec. 1, at 12:30 p.m..


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I have dreamed of a site where people could share their trekking trails (only) in exact detail from the route they took to where they sat down or had a fire. Then the user can also share their photos while people viewing their photos can see the exact shutter speed, focal length, ISO, and Aperture for each pic. A place where once you log in a world map with everyone's past treks will be spread all over for you to click. The place I am describing is trekked.net and I would like hear your thoughts on it?
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As a political activist in Barnstable, I take exception to the latest article by Mr. Gauvin in your newspaper. You should change the name of your paper to the Barnstable Democrat. It seems he still is upset that Scott Brown was elected to the Kennedy Senate seat.
I would hope that you will be more selective in your editorial page columnist in the future. Be well.
John D. Alden
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CONTACT US | The Barnstable Patriot | 4 Ocean Street | P.O. Box 1208 | Hyannis, MA 02601 | 508-771-1427 | Copyright © 2015 Local Media Group, All Rights Reserved.


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Hi! we are a Group of friends who love Cosplay... We are only at the beginning but we have fun a lot to do Cosplay and we hope to continue all together Enjoy our photos:D We do our cosplay with our hands and our patience... all dresses, costumes, guns or weapons you can see in photos, are made by us. Grazie della visita!
My other profile got deleted and I don't know the reason....so this will be my new profile Hi ^^ I'm Andrea , nice to meet you! Don't mind me...I'm a tiny little bit crazy <3 I'm an italian cosplayer ^^ For me is always nice to start a conversation ^~^ Instagram: @Andrew_HQuinn_ My page : Andrew cosplay passion
Hi I'm Rikku...cosplayer and visual kei musician from indonesia start cosplay since 2010 i have a dream to cosplaying all cosplay genre and i'm trying to do Nice cosplay with both female and male characters but now my main interest actually in crossplay (^_^)v Facebook : https://www.facebook.com/ferikku.tachibana Email : firstname.lastname@example.com Yoroshiku Onegaishimasu minna!!!
Hi I am Verique Capati a cosplayer in Hawaii ,Honolulu .I will only cosplay original. my facebook : https://www.facebook.com/verique.capati my page:https://www.facebook.com/veriqueanimecosplay
I am new too World Cosplay. So, most of my pictures are not taken by anything special except for my phone and computer. I am sorry the quality of the photos I post are not perfect. I have fun though cosplaying with the outfits I have. I will try to get my photos looking better soon. You will probably see a lot of cosplays of Trish, but she is sort of my alter-ego. In the future I will see what other characters I can cosplay as.Hope you enjoy my pictures. ^-^
Hi,I am Rick from Penang, Malaysia. Nice to meet you all~~~~ Facebook Page:https://www.facebook.com/rickyuzurihacos?ref=aymt_homepage_panel Wechat:Misaki0436 Whatsapp:016-2118352 A very special thx to all of you for supporting Thank You!!!!!
hello everyone! My name is ichigo Star, I'm Italian and I'm a cosplayer since 2012, for me, cosplay is a way to express my creativity ^ _ ^ I love videogames, anime, manga and Japan, my favorite characters usually belong to the world of videogames. I love to do cosplay the characters that have a strong personality ^w^
Photo & Edition Andre Calvet Wedding photographer and cosplay Brazil. Creator of "Losing Anime Time" (Perdendo Tempo Animes) page. * Facebook: www.facebook.com/PerdendoTempoAnimes * Wedding: https://www.facebook.com/calvetfotografias Foto e Edição Andre Calvet Fotógrafo do casamento e cosplay. Criador do Perdendo Tempo Animes.
Hiii! =^.^= I do cosplay since 2014. I am still beginner but I know I can better! Have fun! :D My nickname League Of Legends: karryxx Like my page on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/teemocapiroto ありがとう <3
Hey there ^w^ You can call me Mika and I'm a cosplayer from Austria :3 I love cosplaying and anime so much since 2011 I would like to be friends with cosplayers from all over the world :3 Have fun on my page c: <3 FB Page: https://www.facebook.com/pages/Tougenkyou-Cosplay/512489762227306?ref=aymt_homepage_panel Ask.fm: http://ask.fm/YukiSnowflake
I'm Andrea Starchild! :) I'm now working at the biggest association in Italy of Costumes and Prop Making, the HEROES FACTORY! Follow us on Facebook to see our creations and our jobs :) Heroes Factory Site: https://www.facebook.com/HeroesFactory my facebook Profile: https://www.facebook.com/andrea.s.divirgilio DeviantArt profile: http://andreastarchild.deviantart.com/
IT'S-A ME, MARIO! Ciao, I'm an italian (1/6 russian) cosplayer since 2012. ─────────────███████ ─────────████▓▓▓▓▓▓██ ───────██▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓█ ─────██▓▓▓▓▓▓███████████ ───██▓▓▓▓▓▓█████████████ ───██▓▓████░░░░░░░░░░░░█ ─████████░░░░░░██░░██░░█ ─██░░████░░░░░░██░░██░░█ █░░░░██████░░░░░░░░░░░░░░█ █░░░░░░██░░░░██░░░░░░░░░░█ ─██░░░░░░░░░███████░░░░███ ───████░░░░░░░██████████ ─────██████░░░░░░░░░░█ © Any using of the photography and photo-manipulations are strictly prohibited.


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Why am I watching Princesses Long Island? And I hope people know that this is like .5% of the Long Island population.
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Why do people stay in relationships if they're going to flirt with half the population of Peterborough?
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How can USA which keeps 30% of its adult male black population in jail for flimsy reasons really advise other countries on liberty?
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How do you like your yes in capital letters or small? " @TheQuestionerr_ : Can you kiss your Gf/Bf in public?"
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How rude nje? My name starts with a capital letter "@jellybaybey: Kahle gcina RT samwelk: I need to get rid of few people on my TL"
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Why a nuclear power is helpless in power crises?Watch Dr A Q Khan,Javed Hashmi,Mushahidullah and Hasil Bizinju tonight in capital talk at 8
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WHO ELSE NOTICED CHANSUNG'S USERNAME? WASN'T THE PM IN SMALL LETTERS BEFORE? WHEN DID IT BECAME CAPITAL LETTERS? or im wrong.. Halp
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Home › Hair & Nails › Hair Styling › Hair Spray
Oribe Apres Beach Spray
Attention island-hoppers and champagne-poppers: Get beach-to-bombshell hair — tousled, touchable waves with sun-kissed shine — without the salty stiffness. Our moisturizing glamour spray uses rich extracts and exotic oils for lush repair and sultry texture. 8.5 fl. oz / 300 ml
Shake. Spray on wet or dry hair. Tousle to taste and let dry in the St. Tropez air. Follow with lipstick and heels.
Oribe Apres Beach SprayWrite A Review
2 Reviews(Avg 5.0/5)
Age Range:45-54
Skin Type:Mature
Skin Tone:Light
Hair Color:Brunette
Eye Color:Hazel
Great for summer hair any time8/13/2013
This is a lovely product to give you beachy hair. I use it on dry hair to kind of muss it up and make my hair piecey and give it texture. It has a very nice scent, hard to describe but 'beachy'. Not coconut or suntan lotion scented. I use this every day and don't have any buildup. It does give you some hold. The only con is that it is aerosol, which makes it a bit difficult to distribute evenly.
Pros: scent, hold, texture, thickening
Cons: cost, aerosol
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2 Reviews(Avg 5.0/5)


text: Two more things to add. If you address is correct in the PM I sent you then you do not need to let me know. Only PM me if a correction is warranted. And check the final list in the final post of the signup thread. If your name is not there let me know ASAP so I can inject you into the lineup.


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