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Companion forum thread to:Camping in the Snow
Great article Roger, just in time for winter :-)
Great article. I have not done "hard core" snow camping but this would have been a very handy resource when I was spring camping in CO (and camping in the occasionaly Virginia blizzard).
Well written as always! This article provided nuggets of wisdom and also reinforced some techniques I have learned through experience. Thank you for sharing your knowledge.
Great article Roger. By the way when can we expect to see your tents on the market.
Thanks, Roger. Good article!
Dual Post
Edited by jamesdmarco on 11/28/2012 04:23:11 MST.
If you like books, don't forget Mike C!'s winter classic.http://www.amazon.com/Allen-Really-Backcountry-Revised-Better/dp/0762745851/ref=sr_1_6?ie=UTF8&qid=1354108617&sr=8-6&keywords=mike+clelland
Great article, as I've only faced snow on the ground (never flurries). An ultralight, yet truly winter storm-worthy tent would be a good project for gear makers.
Edited by hknewman on 11/28/2012 08:49:41 MST.
Ditto above: nice job on this article. It will be useful!
I did not see much attention to Natural Anchors.What about using a good old stick or rock?I have gone for several month-long snow camping trips without any specifically designed man-made shelter anchors and been quite fine - so long as there is a sufficient rock or stick source available and an ample snowpack to bury them.All that one needs is a small object to bury or "dead-man" in the snow...even a flat rock the size of a standard compass or a stick the diameter of your thumb can provide a very secure anchoring if well placed and utilized in a balanced method with several varied tie-downs surrounding the shelter. I guess the "trick" is to not use them as pictured above in the article, but rather, dig a hole of sufficient depth (6 - 12 inches?), place the rock/stick horizontal to ground surface with the tie down cord running under the anchor object and back up out for creating a half hitch or trucker's hitch, then bury it back over with snow and stomp the snow down work hardening the medium and tightening the cords all around. (Ice Lenses uncovered from diggin your tent platform can work too if thick enough!).The joy here in using this method is that in the morning when your anchors are frozen beneath the work-hardend snow, you simply release your half-hitch, pull the cord and leave behind the little rock/stick that you found on site. Very light weight, secure, and quick.Try it!
Edited by aarondivine on 11/28/2012 11:12:12 MST.
I've got a Stephenson's Warmlite which is a good winter tent other than it has a floor in the vestibule. I've considered cooking with my canister stove during some dire circumstances but haven't done it. Is there a relatively safe way to do this? My concern is mainly catching the floor on fire or melting it.
Roger, thanks for the great primer article. You might enjoy this photo of my friend Jon getting some air on 3-pin gear on a winter outing we took two weeks ago.
I'm inspired and can't wait to try it out. ;-)Great article, Roger.
all i can add is that the smallest cord grips OWC sells are not glove compatible, you'll need the "next to smallest" ones for that.great article.let us not dismiss rogers spindrift concerns. i seen that stuff fill up 8 full inches level across the inside my tent once. it was not at all fun.
@Ralph: I also use a Warmlite tent a lot in the winter. I have cooked successfully inside the tent with a canister stove, but it's very tricky. Yes, you must be careful not to melt or ignite surroundings. But, the biggest challenge I found was creating a stable, non-slip platform for the stove. I suppose you could bring a piece of...something...for the task, but I've made do with prepping the snow under the tent floor near the stove to be compacted, uniform, and perfectly level. Any imperfections under the snow send it sliding around on the slick floor, or tipping over.You just have to be hyper-meticulous during cooking -- move slowly, avoid spills, etc. (Sometimes easier said, than done.)It also helps greatly to cook alone in the tent. I have a "2C" Warmlite, and there just isn't enough space for two persons, their gear, and a cook setup at the same time. YMMV.-Mike
Great article, thanks very much. I'm especially intrigued by the 70 gram scrapers. Where did you source the aluminum stock? You've got me thinking about some IKEA book ends I have laying about, but I think they're a bit too small. Definitely going to try my hand at making some.
Been building and camping in an igloo with my son for several winters. We pull MYOG pulk sleds and use an igloo maker by Grand Shelters. Very comfy shelter, but as you mention, it's a lot of work and takes way too long - not practical after a day of backpacking in short winter days. We build the igloo within a couple miles and then snowboard the next day. The upside is that it can last all winter so you can go back. This year we're going farther with the old sturdy 3-4 season Mountain Hardware Glacier tent - I think it was the first tent MH ever made. It's held up well in moderate snow storms and wind. Some tips we've learned: cut an old mouse pad to fit under your upright canister stove to keep it insulated and prevent it from sinking in the snow. A closed-cell foam pad under a thermarest is just right. Before you spend hundreds on that -20deg down bag, try your 3-season bag with a quilt on top or an opened-up rectangular bag on top. Bring a pee bottle (wide-mouth lid WELL labeled) so you stay in your tent for a long long great night of rest.
Hi Roger - a fine article, as always.Several of the photos are mine (perhaps ones I sent to you for a previous tent article I edited or for other past work). It would be nice to get the credits added in case the article is shared, but more usefully to the discussion, I thought I'd identify what they show and expand on a couple of your points.The 2nd picture, the large one of the blue Brawny Tacoma tarptent with the snowshoes, is in late winter/early spring at Lassen Volcanic National Park. In the series of four tents in good weather, the top left is my Hilleberg Saivo at Lassen National Forest in February, bottom left my Tarptent Cloudburst at Yosemite National Park at New Year's, and bottom right an Equinox poncho tarp with a Backpackinglight Vapr Bivy, in the Tahoe National Forest in Spring.All of those were in mostly mild conditions, as stated, with the tarptents in particular being realistic only for good conditions like that (more on that in a moment).In the stormy series of photos, that's the Saivo again, after a snowstorm in Lassen Volcanic NP. At top right is a Bibler Tempest in a strong gale near Carson Pass in the Eldorado National Forest. I did want to note that it's a single-walled tent, and to make that point that there are conditions where those work well, especially when the fabric is somewhat breathable like that used for the main body of the Tempest, and when conditions are on the dry side. As a side note, on that particular trip I set the Bibler up in the midst of a blizzard the night before that picture, and it was quite a struggle to get the poles (internal, with pockets and twist ties inside to hold them in place) situated; one of them ended up bent, though the tent held up! That area routinely gets winds over 60 mph, with gusts of 100+ mph on ridgelines. I'd only use the Hilleberg, Bibler or similar tents in that area if there were even a remote chance of a winter storm.The bottom right picture in that series is the Tacoma tarptent again, in February near Dewey Point at Yosemite NP. I was seeing just how light I could go, and certainly exceeded the limits of the gear (a tarptent with only open mesh on one side, though I did use a bivy sack inside; an alcohol stove; lightweight but sufficient clothing). I did that knowing my skills, having friends just down the trail camping in more appropriate shelters, and being within a couple hours snowshoe of the trailhead and car. Circling back to the use of tarptents or light bivies with tarps, and noting that I've occasionally been caught in unforecast storms, I would not make those a first choice in the mountains in winter. In shoulder season, especially spring in the Sierra Nevada, they can be airy and comfortable, but using them in winter in the mountains carries more risk in my opinion than using even a bivy sack and tarp. And, regardless of the shelter, I now bring SMS snow anchors and snow stakes, the anchors being the most reliable choice.The picture of the folks in the snow kitchen is from Yosemite as well (that's blogger Calipidder and her husband, backpacking buddies of mine for many years). When we go in larger groups like that, we always take time to dig out a snow kitchen table, seats, and trench, and sometimes niches for cooking and storage; otherwise, we tend to cook individually in vestibules, with all the cautions you recommend. In the fairly mild conditions in the picture, you can see we were using both remote canister and canister-top stoves, but for more serious conditions, I always bring a remote canister stove now (in preference to gasoline/diesel/kerosene stoves, which can be reliable and powerful, but no longer seem worth the trouble and mess for our conditions here). If I'm using a pulk, I usually bring a heat exchanger or heat exchanger pot in addition to the remote canister stove and windscreen, to increase efficiency.The orange Golite Hex with the snow block wall belongs to Calipidder and her husband as well. On that trip, we stomped down a snow quarry, let it sinter, then used a snow saw to carve out the blocks and place them around the Hex. Conditions didn't actually call for this - it's the same trip where I slept under the tarp pictured earlier - but it was good practice to do it. We saw that it is certainly something better done before a storm hits, not once it's under way, and would offer only a modicum of additional protection. (I would more likely bury the perimeter of the Hex with snow and live with the limited airflow from the top vent - and resulting condensation - if I were trying to keep a raging storm out).Thanks for helping get more people out in a wonderful, but sometimes underutilized, season.A last pic, showing my wife very happy to be in a "real" tent, at Crater Lake National Park in mid-winter (sorry I can't remember how to embed pics):[img]http://www.brilliantmedia.com/bp/jannucraterlake.jpg[/img]
Edited by slnsf on 11/29/2012 18:09:58 MST.
Good material Roger.Were the snapped poles carbon fibre? Could be pushing their limits. Compare to the single pole tents with alloy poles. Nothing against carbon poles. Just have to work with in the limits of gear.If you are skiing use the skis to smooth the site. The scraper is good but just another bit of gear.Dig a foot well in each vestibule. Easier to enter and exit. Safer to cook, especially with liquid fuel stoves. Thirty years ago I blew the insect netting from an early Macpac Olympus tent plus my eyebrows. Since then about 300 days of snow camping in tents using liquid fuel stoves(MSR) in the vestibule without a hitch.Another problem with trees is snow falling off onto the tent. A large dollop can have an impact. I suspect it could be more of an impact with carbon fibre poles.Some great tips in the article and from other people.Regards,Gordon
Edited by gbedford on 11/30/2012 04:25:08 MST.
Edited by gbedford on 11/30/2012 04:27:32 MST.
Strange tent, the Stephenson's Warmlite. I have to say I would prefer to not try to cook inside it myself.If you must, I would start with a good square of something like plywood as a base, on the floor. Great stuff - light, stiff and insulating.Cheers
Hi ScottA by-the-way before I answer: the delay in answering is because Sue and I were up in those mountains for a week, and have only just got back. 4 days of HOT weather and 1 day of bad weather - our seasons are of course reversed.OK, the aluminium. The ideal for this is a 7000-series aluminium alloy. 7075 alloy, as used in Easton tent poles, would be perfect. Something about 0.8 mm thick would be fine. Getting a small bit of it is more difficult however as it is a bit 'industrial' and not normally available in suburban hardware stores.A 5000-series alloy such as 5054 is far more suited to bending and folding tasks, and it would be a bit weak for this unless you used some a bit thicker. To be sure, 1.6 mm (1/16") would work fine.What we call CP or commercially pure aluminium, typically a 1000-series alloy, would be hopeless imho. It is far too soft. Avoid it.An interesting alternative if you are keen would be some 0.5 mm Ti alloy, preferably 6Al4V. You can get this in small bits (offcuts) from Titanium Joe. But do not try to make any sharp bends in this alloy! (And the same goes for 7075 Al alloy too.) Instead either bend it with heat or around a bit of 1/2" pipe, to get a gentle curve. You can also use some round-edged wodden decking as a former.Cheers
Hi GordonThe snapped poles in the photo were indeed CF tubing, but don't hold that against them. The tent had a huge snow load on it before it was really thumped by a savage vortex from above. Al poles would have collapsed just as well - and I have had Al ones fail too. Basically, I had pitched the tent in a really BAD spot! But we were not expecting that much snow in autumn. (Excuses, excuses...)> If you are skiing use the skis to smooth the siteYes, I have tried doing that, but the skis were too long for me to handle easily. The far smaller Al scraper lets me dig and scrape much more easily. Extra weight, yes, but at the end of the day we all have limited energy left. :-)> Dig a foot well in each vestibuleSome do, some don't. I have never found it useful myself. But as noted, I do NOT like white gas stoves!> problem with trees is snow falling off onto the tentI agree totally. We never camp UNDER the trees for that reason and because of the risk of branches breaking off and falling down.Cheers
Hi MarkToo hot in Australia for igloos. Sad! The snow gets wet and seals the igloo and people die inside - it has happened here.The other points - all good ones. I use 3-ply rather than a mouse pad as it is really solid.Pee bottles - OK I guess but we never need them anyhow.Cheers
Just found these guys online for Al sheet. Not sure if it will work for what Roger describes, but worth a few dollars to try. And after filling out the shipping info, it turns out they are only a short bike ride from my house.https://www.onlinemetals.com/merchant.cfm?pid=12657&step=4&id=916&top_cat=60
Edited by mwgillenwater on 11/30/2012 15:36:57 MST.
Roger,Regarding your aluminum scraper ... yes shovels are heavier but after using a scraper tool without a handle (SnowClaw) I'm sticking with a shovel.But I'm wondering about the consistency of the snow in your location. Relatively dense perhaps? In my locale, mid winter snow might average 10% water content. That's not fluffy by northern rocky mountain standards but very fluffy by Sierra Nevada standards (from what I hear).
Hi MichaelOnLineMetals - yes indeed. One of the more available sources, but HORRIBLY expensive. Never mind: a single 12x12" bit for $7.62 will make two very fine scrapers.Remember to bend around a curve rather than trying to make a sharp bend.Cheers(And a photo would be nice)
Hi Jim> the consistency of the snow in your location. Relatively dense perhaps? What do you expect when the daily temperature oscillates between 5 C and -5 C?Yes, a small scraper like the photo showed might be a bit too small for dry powder snow. I still wouldn't go to a shovel myself; I would just make a bigger scraper. I tried something like a Snow Claw once and didn't like it. That may be a function of the snow consistency of course. But what I did not mention in the article is something else you can do with my simple scraper. You can easily cut snow blocks. By holding the scraper sideways and plunging it into the snow (fold is now vertical), I can chop out blocks from quite hard icy snow very fast. Doing this with a shovel or a Snow Claw is much harder.And when I have finished making camp, I can use the scraper as a stove base too.Ah well, to each his own snow patch!Cheers
Thanks for the reminder Roger. Bend around a curve.And I the idea of triple use. cutting blocks of snow as well as a stove platform. Sounds like the shovel is off my gear list for sure.
Slightly OT, but just out of curiosity: Roger, how thick is the typical snowpack that you are traveling over in Oz?
Great article Roger, good repliesI don't do a lot of snow camping but I sometimes take this folding saw, Corona, from the big box store, blade maybe 8 inches long, maybe 12 ounces weight.Mostly I use it for cutting branches that have grown across the trailThis also works as a snow saw. I can cut blocks that are 8 inches x 8 inches x whatever. Just lift them with my hands. Mostly I just remove snow from the ground to make a bare spot to pitch tent, which shows my normal extreme of snow camping. You could make an igloo or whatever I suppose. Maybe a saw is a better tool than a shovel for snow.
Hi Paul> how thick is the typical snowpack that you are traveling over in Oz?Variable, very variable. It depends on the season, the time of year, and the position. But in general we would regard 1 metre thickness out on the windswept plains as being quite good.That said, there have been years when anything that covers the grass is considered good!On the other hand, the option of clearing the snow away to the grass is never a good one. The snow is far too heavy and consolidated.Cheers
Roger - interesting. For comparison, in the Sierra we usually see about 4-6 feet in most areas where the touring is good, though 8-10 feet is not uncommon, and on one trip I took during a big snow year, we happened to pass very close to a snow survey location, where the snowpack was measured at just over 14 feet a day or so after we passed by. I can see that some strategies would be different depending on depth of snowpack. For instance, it is very rare that we can dig down to find a stream unless it pretty late in the spring, when it may be exposed despite still having 4-6 feet of snow adjacent. So one of our tricks is knowing how to get water from an exposed stream that has 6 foot high , vertical (or overhanging) banks without going for an icy swim.
Hi Paul> 8-10 feet is not uncommonsnark, snark, snark ... sigh.Terrible thing, jealosy! :-)> knowing how to get water from an exposed stream that has 6 foot high , vertical (or> overhanging) banks without going for an icy swim.Oh, we do get that as well where there is a lot of water. The Snowy River can have snow banks several metres high (drift snow), it is fast, and if you fall in you are not likely to survive. It has happened. So we seek elsewhere.Cheers
Roger, Thanks for the excellent winter camping photo/word essay. Lots of good pointers.As a backcountry skier I'm thinking of buying and modding a Tarptent Scarp 2 just because I like the basic design. (Ripstop nylon interior, natch.)1. I'll cut down the "crossing poles" and run them inside the fly, sewing in small Cordura in pockets at the apex of the CF corner struts to recieve the pole ends. Velcro cable ties hold the poles in place at the center top. Much better canopy support for wind and snow load with the poles inside the fly.2. A heavier main pole in the sleeve is also a must for winter.3. As with my TT Moment I'll have pre-made guylines (end clips and LineLoc tensioners) that I can quickly clip in place when winds are expected. 4.> Possibly eight to ten small grossgrain nylon loops sewn to the fly bottom hem for stakeout points if wind might be extreme. Thoughts?UPDATE: (1-22-'14)DONE! Got the Scarp 2 and modded it. (See photos and text in BPL's "Winter Hiking" page.) The main thing was to buy a heavier duty main pole and move the X-ing poles inside for excellent fly support.
Edited by Danepacker on 01/22/2014 12:06:55 MST.
Average April 1 snow depth at the snow test site at 5400 feet (~1650 m) elevation on the south side of Mt. Hood, our local volcano, is 140 inches. That's close to 12 feet or, for you metric folks, 355 cm. or 3.6 m. Of course this can vary widely from year to year. In some storms, the daily snowfall can be measured in feet rather than inches, and more often than not it's heavy, soggy snow (aka Cascade concrete). Could be rather hard on almost any tent unless removed frequently during the night!Shovels are required for those venturing into avalanche territory. In a lot of places around here, avalanche safety is really important.
Edited by hikinggranny on 12/05/2012 20:45:16 MST.
I just found this thread...and would love to start winter or shoulder season backpacking. I hope you will pardon some novice questions:1) Years ago I took a snowcamping class in Oregon. It was fun, but I was chilled the whole time. When you wintercamping folks are in your tent, are you chilled (not dangerously so, but just uncomfortable)? I'm wondering if I just need a warmer sleeping system, or warmer clothing.2) Do you find bivy sacks useful to help keep warm?3) Do you worry about gloves and shoelaces freezing? Do the tents keep them warm enough?4) I live near the northern Colorado Rockies, and one thing that happens when a cold front comes in is that, depending on conditions, topography can cause 20F variations in temperature, so a cold front that brings in 0F (-17F) to some areas can cause -30F (-34) in certain valleys. While this might happen only once or twice a year, is this something that you experienced folks think about, ending up in conditions where cold pools in a valley (not small topographic variations like being near a tarn, but over larger regions).5) At what temperature do you decide it isn't fun? Not that I am going to go out as a novice in really cold conditions, I'm just curious.Thanks, Bobb.
Some of your questions might be answered with this one rule about winter camping.If you can stay absolutely dry, it isn't that hard to stay warm. As soon as you start getting wet from rain, from snow, from sweat, or falling in the stream, you are in trouble unless you can recover and dry out in a hurry.For some folks, that means bringing a wider variety of clothing until you understand exactly what works and what doesn't.--B.G.--
I recently spent my first night winter camping with a few fellow BPLers. To answer a few of your questions:1. In your tent or shelter you might be cold, it is mostly blocking some/all of the wind and precipitation. You should not be chilled when inside your sleep system, however.2. I also tried a bivy for the first time during my winter outing, it may have been warmer (they're often stated at adding 5-15* to a sleep system), but I found it invaluable in blocking the spindrift under my tarp.3. Keep your insulating/liner gloves dry and with you in your sleeping bag if they get a little damp during the day, they should dry out from your body head overnight. You can place a nalgene bottle of hot/boiling water in your boots in the morning to soften them up if frozen/stiff.4/5. If I had the proper insulating equipment (-20* bag, parka, pants, etc.), I would not hesitate to go camping in such cold weather. Blowing wind, heavy snow, and whiteout conditions are my fears when winter camping. If the temperature is going to be really cold, you might consider building a snow cave or quinzee. The interior temperature in these shelters can be at or near freezing (32*).
Bobb - here are my thoughts:1) You should not be cold like that. My feeling is that If am ever cold while I am out in the mountains, one of two things is going on: I've blown it; Or I'm in a transition between activity levels and amounts of clothing and haven't quite adjusted yet (like when you start out a little cold because you took off a layer knowing you're about to go up a big hill and you'll warm up soon). If you are hanging out in camp and you are cold, you're not wearing the right clothing for the conditions.2) Bivy sacks add a little warmth, but not much, except for when you are actually sleeping outside a shelter and the bivy sack is cutting the wind - then it can be significant. If, instead of carrying a bivy sack,you carry a sleeping bag with added insulation, that will give you more added warmth than the bivy sack for the same added weight, assuming you ar in some sort of shelter (tent/cave/igloo, etc).3) Gloves go in the sleeping bag with me at night. Shoelaces - well, this no longer applies for me since my skis boots have buckles and not laces, but when I did have boots with laces I used them as underlayment for my pillow or placed them between my tentmate and myself, and never had frozen laces.4) This happens all the time, and it's pretty much habit for me to pick campsites that up of the valley bottom a ways to avoid it. It doesn't usually take much to make a difference.5) It isn't fun anytime the conditions are beyond what you are equipped for and prepared for in terms of experience. So the real trick is to know what temperatures are too low for your gear.
Thanks for all the insight. Looks like my snowcamping experience was misleading. I think it might be worthwhile to peruse some of the gearlists to get a feel for what equipment is needed.
No chance to read the entire thread, maybe someone said this already:In a winter camping course in 1973 I was told to try to be comfortably cool the entire time. Cool to avoid sweating, but never cold. Exceptions have been noted earlier, e.g. just after a big change in activity level and in the middle of adjusting clothing.I've camped many times in the winter, -15F the coldest I recall (or was it -20F), but I was never cold for any length of time, neither during the day or in my sleeping bag. This is an easy goal to achieve. If you are cold for than a few moments then you are doing something wrong.
A study looking at climbers during a season on Denali/ Mt. Mc Kinley asked for a blood sample on the way up and on the way out. They asked one question, "Did you cook in your tent?". Everyone who cooked in the tent had elevated carbon monoxide levels as compared to those who didn't. Even in the windiest conditions, and I think Denali qualifies, it is risky to cook in your vestibule. Even if you don't die, you risk illness and decreased performance. I build a kitchen with a pit and snow blocks and wait for a relative lull to cook.
As I've mentioned many times here in BPL, my solution for keeping my feet warm all day is to use:1.boots with REMOVABLE LINERS (they go insie your sleeping bag overnight)2. VAPOR BARRIER LINERS (I much prefer seam sealed thin neoprene diver's socks with thin poly liner socks. Even thin 1/8" Neoprene is waterproof AND very warm.) Change out sweaty poly liners every night and turn the neoprene VBLs inside out to dry at night and warm up in your bag.
> Everyone who cooked in the tent had elevated carbon monoxide levels as compared to> those who didn't.I understand the point of the quote, but I have to reply that the data is almost meaningless if the types of stoves used is not known and the amount of ventilation used is unknown. And what about the weather?For instance, if every climber was using an MSR Reactor, the result is to be expected. The Reactor emits an almost lethal amount of CO, as measured in our series on CO levels: http://www.backpackinglight.com/cgi-bin/backpackinglight/stoves_tents_carbon_monoxide_pt_3.html If the climbers had their stove wound up to full power and were melting lots of snow, then there could be a lot of flame quenching and a fair bit of CO emitted as well (depending on the stove and the pot). If this was done with inadequate ventilation, then the tent is going to hold a bit of CO. Fair enough, but that's not the fault of the stove: it's the fault of the user. Why blame the user? If someone travels in avalanche territory without taking the appropriate precautions we would have no trouble saying they were stupid. The same applies to using a stove (or driving a car).I don't think a blanket statement like 'it is risky to cook in your vestibule' is either useful or even relevant. Knowing what the hazards are and taking appropriate precautions is far better (like, don't set out in a howling storm). Cooking in the vestibule with adequate ventilation means you are out of the wind and able to rug up with your quilt or SB: that may be far safer than sitting out in the wind and going hypothermic. Experienced snow travellers and climbers cook in the vestibule all the time, quite safely.As for the suggestion to 'wait for a relative lull to cook' - sorry, but that is farcical. What do you do when the storm lasts 36 hours? Or several weeks, as can happen in the Antarctic? OK, the idea might work under some conditions, but not where I ski.Cheers
> boots with REMOVABLE LINERS (they go inside your sleeping bag overnight)CAUTION: all the moisture from the liners will end up inside the down in your SB. After a few days you may have a rather heavy soggy SB. I am not keen on this idea. OK, for 1 or 2 nights it is probably safe.Cheers
Edited by RogerDodger on 07/02/2015 11:23:04 MDT.
"I propose donating each expedition member donate $1 to the future widow fund, and ... his wife will be well compensated."Boy do we ever have a different idea of well compensated.....
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30 Lovely Berry Desserts, from Pies to Paletas
30 berry desserts, from pies to ice pops


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- Infowars - http://www.infowars.com -
Mexican Drug Cartel Laundered Money Through BofA, FBI Alleges
Posted By kurtnimmo On July 9, 2012 @ 10:37 am In Border Control & Illegal Immigration,Old Infowars Posts Style,Tile | Comments Disabled
Alexander Eichler
July 9, 2012
Drug money has a way of sprawling. And some of it may have reached Bank of America.
A federal probe into Los Zetas, a Mexican drug cartel, claims that the group has been laundering money through accounts at BofA, according to a recent report in The Wall Street Journal.
An FBI affidavit filed in Texas last month says that the Mexican drug cartel has been reportedly funneling cash through a Texas-based racehorse business with BofA accounts. The U.S. government has described Los Zetas in the past as "the most technologically advanced, sophisticated and dangerous cartel operating in Mexico." Tremor Enterprises LLC, the horse business, was for its part allegedly run by Jose Trevino Morales, a U.S. citizen with two brothers in Los Zetas.
Article printed from Infowars: http://www.infowars.com
URL to article: http://www.infowars.com/mexican-drug-cartel-laundered-money-through-bofa-fbi-alleges/
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ARLINGTON, VA (March 22, 2010)A joint panel of experts from the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology (SHEA) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) today released online new clinical practice guidelines for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in adults. The guidelines, to be published in the May issue of Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, update recommendations regarding the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and infection control and environmental management of this disease.
CDI is the most commonly recognized cause of infectious diarrhea in healthcare settings and accounts for 20 percent-30 percent of cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. The infection manifests itself in a range from symptomless cases to mild or moderate diarrhea to sudden and sometimes fatal colitis. Since publication of guidelines on CDI in 1995, there has been an increase in overall incidence of the infection, a more virulent strain of the infection has been identified, and evidence regarding the decreased effectiveness of a common treatment of the disease has been reported.
"As healthcare professionals and infectious disease experts, we are committed to developing recommendations based on the best available evidence and practices," said Neil Fishman, MD, president of SHEA. "Since our original guideline was published fifteen years ago, our understanding of the epidemiology of CDI has changed, and requires us to update the way we diagnose and treat this serious infection."
The guidelines provide recommendations on the minimum data that should be collected in cases of CDI and how that data should be reported; the best testing strategy to diagnose CDI; the most important infection control measures for a hospital to implement during an outbreak of CDI; and recommendations on the most appropriate drug treatment for patients with CDI.
"The entire infectious disease community is striving toward making our hospit
|Contact: Tamara Moore
Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America


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Course Syllabus
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The Digital Reading Room consists of a compilation of supplementary
reading materials that are available for Psychology 406: Introduction to Theories of Counselling and Psychotherapy.
The purpose of the Digital Reading Room is to provide
online access to these resources, and to aid you in locating and
requesting supplementary materials for the course. There are five
different types of resources available in the Digital Reading Room:
books, videos, print-based articles, online articles, and
By clicking on an entry that is labeled as either a book or video,
you will be redirected to the appropriate catalogue listing for the
resource in AU's AUCAT database. The resource can then be
ordered from the library by clicking on the Request This Item
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be required to fill out a request form, and upon its submission, the
book or video will be mailed out to you.
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** FILE ** In this June 30, 2008, file photo, Jessica Hardy swims in women's 100-meter breaststroke semifinals at the U.S. Olympic swimming trials in Omaha, Neb. Hardy's trip to the Beijing Olympics could be in jeopardy after she tested positive for a banned substance, according to a person familiar with the test results. Hardy's "A" sample from the recent Olympic trials tested positive, the person told The Associated Press on Wednesday night, July 30. The person requested anonymity because he was not authorized to speak publicly. (AP Photo/Nati Harnik, File)
FEDERAL WAY, Wash. (AP) - Jessica Hardy has broken the world
record in the 100-meter breaststroke by nearly half a second.
The American was timed in 1 minute, 4.45 seconds at the U.S. Open on Friday night, lowering the old mark of 1:04.84 set by American Rebecca Soni at last month's world championships in Rome.
It was Hardy's second world mark in as many nights.
She set the world record in the 50 breaststroke with a split of 29.95 seconds when she time-trialed the 100 breaststroke on Thursday.
Hardy is competing for the first time since serving a one-year ban because of a failed drug test that caused her to drop off the U.S. Olympic team last year.
In May, an arbitration panel found the failed test was caused by a contaminated nutritional supplement.
The World Anti-Doping Agency and FINA, swimming's world governing body, have appealed to the Court for Arbitration of Sport and asked that Hardy be declared ineligible for the 2012 London Olympics. Hardy hopes CAS will rule by the end of the year.
In other events, Samantha Tucker won the women's 200 freestyle in 1:58.81; Nick Thoman won the men's 100 backstroke in 52.51 seconds; and Adam Ritter took the men's 200 free in 1:47.57.
Two-time Olympian Margaret Hoelzer finished third in the 100 backstroke.
Copyright 2015 Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.


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Jets select WR Jalen Saunders
With the No. 104 pick in the NFL Draft, the Jets selected wide receiver Jalen Saunders out of Oklahoma. The Jets acquired this pick because of the Darrelle Revis trade.
Saunders is listed at 5-foot-9 and 165 pounds. Saunders began his career at Fresno State, where he had 80 receptions for 1,527 yards and 15 touchdowns in 26 games. Saunders transferred to Oklahoma after spring practice in 2012 because he did not like the way the program's new coach, Tim DeRuyter, was using him for his offense.
While with Oklahoma, he had 113 receptions for 1,558 yards and 11 touchdowns. In 2013, he was named a third-team All-American as a punt returner by Athlon Sports and earned first-team All-Big 12 honors as a punt returner and kickoff returner from ESPN.com and Phil Steele. He was named to the All-Big 12 second team as a wide receiver by coaches and Phil Steele.
Scouts have said that Saunder's strength is his speed and his soft hands, but they also point out he does have marginal size.
NFL's draft profile projected him to be a fifth or sixth round selection.
During the NFL Network broadcast, Mike Mayock said of the Jets pick of Saunders that "when I first put on tape I fell in love. At 165 pounds he's one of the most physical receivers in football."
Bent, TheJetsBlog.comSaunders is really small, but he is physical for his size and has outstanding speed. His forty time doesn't necessarily do that justice. Many Jets fans were hoping for a future number one receiver from this draft, but this is more of a depth move. Saunders will probably challenge for the punt returner role initially, but the Jets will be hoping he can bring some of his playmaking ability to the offense as he develops.
As you'll recall, we reported on the Jets' interest in Andrew Hawkins earlier on in the offseason, but the Jets opted not to bid for the restricted free agent once there were other teams pushing the price up. Saunders strikes me as the same type of player and obviously the Jets have some kind of role earmarked for a player with this kind of skill-set, so hopefully Saunders is the man for the job.
Brian Bassett, TheJetsBlog.comAt 165 pounds, Saunders is something of an enigma. He was productive in replacement of Kenny Stills in the Oklahoma offense and he will add an explosive element to the Jets return game, whether on kicks or most likely on punts.
Saunders is obiously small, but he's got good straight line speed (4.4 40 yard dashes) and he isn't afraid of contact. One knock on Saunders is that he had some rather troubling tested speeds in agility drills in the lead up to the draft and that might have spiked his chances at being a Day Two pick. CBS Sports Rob Rang went as far as to call his timed speeds "shockingly slow" saying that the results raised "questions about how much Oklahoma's spread attack exaggerated his overall athleticism."
While playing in Oklahoma's spread offense Saunders was a "joystick" type receiver in the open field; assuming he has enough agility that element of his game should pair well with Marty Mornhinweg's demonstrated ability to get receivers open. The Jets were looking for their Tavon Austin type since last draft and now they get a player in that mold — though likely with less explosion.


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Israel Has a War to Win
by Daniel Pipes
Translations of this item:
A leading Israeli philosopher some years back referred to his countrymen as "an exhausted people, confused and without direction." Before he became prime minister, Ehud Olmert publicly declared these extraordinary words: "We are tired of fighting, we are tired of being courageous, we are tired of winning, we are tired of defeating our enemies." In that demoralized spirit, the state of Israel retreated twice in five years under fire, from Lebanon and from Gaza — and now, as a consequence, is fighting wars in precisely those places.
Individual members of congress have noticed this problem; I suggest that the executive branch take Olmert at his word and buck up this fatigued but exceptionally close ally. Even if Israel can very capably defend itself (as recent events have confirmed), it lacks the will to make the protracted efforts to defeat its enemies. And Israel's enemies — Hamas, Hezbollah, Iran — are also America's enemies.
Building on this assessment, I suggest that the administration make the following requests of Tel Aviv, to protect American interests.* Specifically:
Israel has a significant role in the U.S.-led war on terror; it can best defend itself and help its U.S. ally not by aspiring to agreements with intractable foes but by convincing them that Israel is permanent and unbeatable. This goal requires not episodic violence but sustained and systematic efforts to change regional mentalities. Therefore, U.S. policymakers might suggest to Olmert that he view the current fighting not as a momentary exception to diplomacy but as part of a long-term conflict.
With the emergence of an aggressive and perhaps soon-to-be nuclear-armed Iran, the strategic map of the Middle East is in the throes of fundamental change. This overarching threat should provide the backdrop for every Israeli decision going forward — whether to retake territory in Gaza, what to target in Lebanon and whether to launch military actions against Syria.
Paradoxically, developments of the past week bring good news: Many Middle Easterners, not just Israelis, fear Iranian ambitions. Worries about Iran prompted the Saudi kingdom to take the lead in condemning attacks by Hamas and Hezbollah on Israel as "rash adventures." As the Jerusalem Post's Khaled Abu Toameh has documented, Israel's counterattacks have prompted "an anti-Hezbollah coalition." Sound Israeli policies will greatly influence the evolution of this nascent force.
As Arabs worry more about Iranian Islamists than Israeli Zionists, a moment of opportunity presents itself. Close coordination between Washington and Jerusalem is needed, including timely reminders to Israelis that they have a war to win.
July 20, 2006 update: * As originally submitted, this line read, "Building on this assessment of Israel, I suggest the administration make three requests." In the course of editing, the sentence was changed to the above. Only after publication did some readers point out to me, correctly, that Jerusalem, not Tel Aviv, is the capital of Israel, and that my text implies otherwise.
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certain countries the Government
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certain countries the Government
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Bond Street has gone NEXT LEVEL with the new United Nude flagship. The innovative shoe brand founded by Rem D. Koolhaas (nephew of famed Dutch architect Rem Koolhaas) and Galahad Clark(of the centuries-old shoemaking fam) is now bringing otherworldly footwearand a dazzling store concept to this cobblestone street teeming with cool.
The 1,800 square foot interior is outfitted with a sinuous wallilluminating United Nude's complete 2010 Spring/Summer collection. Thebox frame display is backlit by a computer-programmed LED wall thatunfurls waves of bright color throughout the black space. It's asight in itself, but the shoes still take the cake.
What began as a single-strapped shoe experiment in 2003 hasexpanded into a series of iconic collections and collaborations. After the success of that first United Nude product -- the Möbius, using asingle band to form its sole, heel, bed and upper -- Koolhaas and co.have continued to advance footwear design. The Eamz was an homage tothe furniture classic, while the Fold was conceived as a scarf for thefoot. And then there's the Low Res, a semi-automated shoe that's beendigitally scanned, reproduced, and molded into rubber. Trippy! Checkthem all out above.
We initially felt a wee intimidated walking into this store,what with the mind-bending design and exalted Koolhaus name. But theUnited Nude staff immediately quelled fears of uneasiness, engaging UN's cult fans and curious newcomers alike. Between theoutstanding service, visionary shoes and interior, United Nudeis Bond Street's best yet.
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This hotel has a delightful location set apart from the bustle of town, but within easy walking distance of the numerous attractions. With its splendid grounds and an elevated view of the bay, the hot...More about The Headland Hotel
Premier Inn Exmouth Seafront, on the South West Coast Path, is perfectly placed for walkers and watersports enthusiasts. At the end of a long day you can relax in one of the new generation bedrooms th...More about Premier Inn Exmouth Seafront
Situated close to the beautiful River Dart, this popular inn has a friendly and relaxed atmosphere, with open fires and oak beams adding to the charm. Bedrooms are soundly appointed and an extensive m...More about Dartbridge Inn
Located in a peaceful area of Torquay, this�family-run guest accommodation is within easy walking distance of Torquay's Abbey Sands beach, town centre and harbour. Service is the highlight of any stay...More about The Cleveland
Located on the water's edge at Babbacombe, this seaside retreat is very well appointed; the rooms have sea views and nearly all have terraces or balconies. Bedrooms and bathrooms are fitted to a high ...More about The Cary Arms
Stoke Gabriel Lodgings is an attractive example of contemporary architecture, positioned high above the River Dart just outside Stoke Gabriel, near Totnes. It was only completed in 2010 and has been d...More about Stoke Gabriel Lodgings - Badgers Retreat
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Situated on the seafront, this terraced hotel attracts many groups from around the country, and is within walking distance of the town centre. The bedrooms are neatly presented, and front-facing rooms...More about Cavendish Hotel


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Carly* is a fourth-year biochemistry student at Western. She has a lot in common with her peers—she lived in residence in her first year, she pays her own tuition by working part-time and collecting student loans to help cover her costs, she works hard and wants to be a doctor one day. And, like a growing number of university students in Canada, she has used the ADHD medication Adderall XR to help her study.
It was during the final exam period in her second year, and she had a tough cell biology exam coming up. Faced with myriad distractions—chiefly the beautiful spring weather and Reddit—the decision to take the pill wasn't hard. "My friend's brother gave it to him, and he was scared to take it," she explained. "So I told him I'd take it with him, just to have someone to take it with."
She did a bit of research on the side effects and decided to give it a try. She wasn't disappointed. Carly said she studied for about eight hours straight that day, and is certain the drug helped her grade on the final. She did better on the exam than she expected—86 per cent—and she's pretty sure it boosted her mark in the course overall.
"Once I started doing work, it was like my brain was just flowing with ideas and information and everything," she said.
Adderall is an amphetamine salts-based medication designed to treat the symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, known as ADHD or ADD. Similar to its medicinal predecessor Ritalin, which was first made available in 1956, the drug helps stimulate the arousal system of the brain, increasing focus and wakefulness. This makes it an ideal companion for students who need some extra help pulling that all-nighter.
Adderall and similar drugs are considered controlled substances under Schedule III of the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act—meaning anyone caught selling the drug could face up to three years in prison. The medication also comes with a host of possible side effects, including fever, cardiac arrhythmia, paranoid delusions and a potential for addiction comparable to cocaine and speed.
Despite the dangers, the rate of illegal use of Adderall and other so-called "study drugs" on campuses across North America is rising. A 2011 editorial in the Canadian Medical Association Journal estimated anywhere from five to 35 per cent of Canadian post-secondary students had abused the medication, and many students consider popping a pill—typically sold for about $10—no worse than brewing a pot of coffee to stay up all night and write an essay.
But for Carly, the effects were markedly different than coffee.
"I feel like coffee keeps me awake and alert, and without it I just get really bad headaches," she said. "With Adderall, it worked kind of different. It just made me focused, whereas coffee just makes me awake."
Deb Josephson, a physician at Western's Student Health Services, said patients experiencing side effects from study drugs are common at SHS. Josephson said they come in at least once every exam period, and given the illegal nature of the activity, she speculated the actual number is much higher.
Though the rate at which study drugs are used is increasing, their use for cognitive enhancement is nothing new.
"I think I've been aware of it almost as long as I've been in medicine," Josephson said. She explained a change in the diagnosis practices of ADHD—only formally recognized as a disorder that affects adults in 1978—accounted for the rise in use among students.
Accordingly, students regularly go to SHS seeking an Adderall prescription. However, that trend has declined somewhat in recent years, as the clinic has tightened its criteria for prescribing the medication—if doctors at the clinic discover their patients have been sharing their medication, they stop prescribing it.
In fact, Adderall may not even work on people who don't need it, despite the anecdotal evidence. According to both Josephson and the Canadian Medical Association Journal, there is no available scientific evidence showing study drugs to be cognitively helpful to healthy people.
So, given the dangerous side effects of Adderall, why aren't more people aware of them? Where are the awareness campaigns, the activists, the anti-study drug ads and pamphlets? Why do students, by and large, consider study drugs to be benign? Why, in the face of evidence of study drugs' inefficacy and risk, do students continue to use them?
The simple answer is there is a profound lack of open acknowledgement of the problem on university campuses. While first-year students at Western, for example, are assailed with a barrage of causes and campaigns during their Orientation Week—One Love Rally, LGBT acceptance and safe sex, to name a few—there's no concerted effort to educate students about the prevalence and potential dangers of study drug abuse. The most common way they learn about it is from their peers extolling the virtues of Adderall.
"There have been no serious side effects in the news, no Adderall drug-busts. It's not brought up as much as other drugs are in the news in society—it's just kind of there," Carly said. "With MDMA, you hear about it in the news—so-and-so died—or ecstasy, or heroin. You hear of marijuana busts, coke busts, but you never hear of someone getting arrested for having Adderall on them."
There is also one other reason students aren't concerned about the consequences of study drugs—though technically illegal, the use of un-prescribed ADHD medication to succeed is not considered an academic offence at Western. So, in other words, it's not cheating—not officially, anyway.
John Doerksen, vice-provost academic programs and students at Western, said the university senate has not officially recognized the problem.
"Study drugs are not specifically identified in Western's scholastic discipline policy, and I am not aware of any scholastic offence allegations related to study drugs," he said.
Unlike alcohol or marijuana, which are easy to vilify as providing students with a cheap escape from their studies, students take Adderall precisely because they want to succeed. It's a lot harder to condemn misguided actions carried out with good intentions.
As admission averages, enrollment numbers, tuition costs, and stress levels are rising to record highs, the value of an undergraduate degree is steadily decreasing. Students looking to their futures are stared down by the looming specter of the "real world"—careers, student debt, mortgages. With so much being expected of so many, it's only natural a growing minority would seek assistance in the form of an innocuous-looking capsule.
Maybe, then, we can take some solace in the fact many of the students using study drugs on Canadian campuses are doing so after critical thought—some students may even be given a new perspective from the experience and realize they need to pull their act together.
That's what happened for Carly.
"I was focused, but I had to choose what I was going to focus on. I could focus on work, or I could focus on Reddit," she said.
"If you have good study habits—and I'm starting to finally learn what those are—going to the library for four hours a day is probably better than an eight-hour study cram the night before, like Adderall would probably give you."
*Name has been changed for the sake of anonymity


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Using a low pulley during your workout
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In the 10th installment of the "Saving Gary" tactical tip series, police trainer James Di Naso explains some tips and tricks for incorporating a low pulley cable attachment to your normal workout, strengthening your arm and lower back muscles for safer pulling movements.
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UW alum and Information School Guest Faculty Greg Hay has released a short-documentary on Community for Youth, a local nonprofit that provides mentors for inner-city kids facing significant challenges. It's an inspiring video and includes a few comments from former UW men's basketball star Nate Robinson.
Community for Youth has a presence in three Seattle high schools—Rainier Beach, Cleveland and Chief Sealth—and celebrates its students that progress to the University of Washington. Recent Community for Youth and UW graduates include Biniyam Berhe and Vanny Chham (both UW '07), while Samuel Martin, Marcell Buckner and Jonathan Amosa are current UW students pursuing degrees.
"Non-profits have been hit pretty hard in the past few years with the economic downturn and that includes Community for Youth," Hay says. "I hope to raise awareness of this organization, as it has helped many troubled kids find success. My goal is to get 10,000 people to view the short-documentary before the end of January."
Take a look, you'll love it. And enjoy this week's Dawg Treats:
- Seattle Times columnist Jerry Large writes about the late Sam Kelly's new autobiography, written with UW history professor Quintard Taylor. Dr. Kelly was the UW's first vice president for minority affairs.
- A survey by UW Associate Professor of Social Work Taryn Lindhorst shows that women who have left their abusive husbands and fled with their children to the U.S., half the time our court system sends the children back, usually to their fathers.
- UW alum Norm Rice was appointed by President Barack Obama to the Council for Community Solutions, which will look at the best ways citizens, nonprofits, businesses and government can work together to solve specific community needs.
- The City of Seattle is debating whether to add corporate signs to skyscrapers, but a letter signed by 27 members of the architectural faculty at UW warns that the city's skyline would be "defaced" and "become a billboard for privileged corporations."
- UW Master of Communication in Digital Media (MCDM) Senior Lecturer Kathy Gill was featured in this NPR story called "Stop Me Before I Facebook Again." Nielsen, the media research firm, calculated that one in every 4 1/2 minutes online is spent on blogs and social networking sites.
- Fog is a common feature along the West Coast during the summer, but UW researcher James Johnstone found that summertime coastal fog has declined since 1950 while coastal temperatures have increased slightly.
- Unfelt earthquakes occur every 15 months or so in western Washington and release as much energy over a month as a magnitude 6.5 earthquake. New technology is letting UW researchers learn how these events relate to potentially catastrophic earthquakes.
- Researchers at the UW will be measuring the environmental effects of tidal turbines through the first tidal energy project on the west coast of the United States.
UW alum Karen Lee was appointed to the Western Washington University Board of Trustees by Washington State Governor and fellow Husky Christine Gregoire.


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The Blake Family
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Other Links
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Fourth Generation
78. Margaret Blake was born in 1810 in Greenbrier County, Virginia (now West Virginia).
Margaret Blake and Levin Benson were married on 1 Sep 1824 in Greenbrier (Logan) County, Virginia (now West Virginia). Levin Benson was born about 1810.


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Bring the taste of the outdoors indoors and enjoy an endless summer in your kitchen! Ridges enhance foods with authentic grill marks so food looks as good as it tastes.
Dishwasher Safe
Retailer: This code duplicates the product UPC code, please use it to locate merchandise and scan for wedding registry additions.
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All Customer Reviews for "1GB Flash Pen Drive USB 2.0 with cap r12MB/s w4MB/s"
Average Customer Review:
Write an online review and share your thoughts with other customers.
Cheap and effective!, 10/26/2010
Reviewer: Kevin (, )
It was cheap and it works, what more could you ask? And I've put the hot-swappable feature to the test too; I don't bother with the whole "safely remove hardware" stuff anymore. The light stops flashing, I remove the drive. Very fast, very convenient.
We love it!, 10/20/2010
Reviewer: Victor (, )
The stylish, sleek silver casing looks great. Will make for great give-a-ways at next convention.
Pen Drives all worked fine, 6/9/2010
Reviewer: Jim J (, )
I bought 35 of these to give out to Science&Tech Camp campers and put the photos from the camp on all of them. No problems with any of them. I like the slim design. I wish I had given myself time to look into a cheap camp logo. The only thing that was an issue was that UPS did not leave the package since I was not there to sign for it. It would be nice if I could have waived or pre-sent my signature so that I would have had it earlier. Fortunately, I got them before the camp was over.
Pen Drive works just fine, 5/13/2010
Reviewer: Keith Telesh (, )
I bought 3 of these for my car's cd/dvd player's usb slot. They work great and came fast. Thanks.
RPS Media Card project, 3/1/2010
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Good quality and prices. Excellent customer service.
1 Gig Pen Drive, 5/15/2009
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This is a fine pen drive. I have used it many times and it works well. I couldn't be happier
Works Great, 4/22/2009
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I received this flash memory stick and wondered it it was what I'd asked for. I know what it said on the package, but it doesn't look like much. But, after plugging it into my PC, I realized it's more than it seems. I recommend it.
Far better than was expected, 1/10/2008
Reviewer: Chaz (, )
From the excellent and prompt service, to the easy to use web site, OEM is a great buy.
I work in the IT dept. of a tech company who needed 500 pc of the 1GB sticks for a trade show. Not only did they deliver on time, but they were happy to work with us on setting up custom logo imprinting.
A few of the 500 (1 or 2) had protective covers that were extremely hard to remove. All 1GB sticks ranged from 972MB to 990MB after FAT formatting. USB 2.0 on all sticks as well.
Back to 1GB Flash Pen Drive USB 2.0 with cap r12MB/s w4MB/s
Back to 1GB Flash Pen Drive USB 2.0 with cap r12MB/s w4MB/s
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Imagine the scene. Two poverty stricken, uneducated men are chatting somewhere in Mexico. One says, "Ese, vamos p' Albuquerque pa' cometer delitos."
The other replies, "Que buena idea!"
Such was the primary election portrayal among Bernalillo County Republican sheriff candidates. Drug cartel types aside, the occasional immigrant may come to New Mexico with an explicit criminal purpose. But not many. Getting here is too much work. For nearly all, jobs are the attraction.
The demagoguery of the sheriff candidate and his ilk feeds the xenophobic overreactions that drive any thought about immigration among conservatives. The xenophobes and buddies cite useless and wrong mantras.
"No amnesty," is the call. There are perhaps 11 million or possibly 20 million illegal immigrants. Ignore the moral issue of being a nation of immigrants and get practical. We are not going to find all the illegal immigrants, much less deport them. (Visions appear of the World War II Japanese internment). Therefore, if the federal government ever gets its act together (where is "change we can believe in"?), the mechanism turning illegals into citizens will amount to amnesty under a name with long bureaucratic words.
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ArakawaEdit ModuleShow Tags
Arakawa Hanging Systems supplies hardware for hanging shelves, signs, artwork, or most any other object. Arakawa Grippers use ball bearing to attach to cables, so you can quickly install your design, without worrying about set screw or damaged cables.
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(888) 272-5292
Archive »Product Reviews on metropolismag.com
Design Impact
Umbra's new redesigned showroom in Toronto embodies the brand's mission to foster young talent.
Abundant Light
From classics to innovative, next-generation LED fixtures, the best of the season's lighting design marries sleek style with effortless function.
Recondite Retail
Please Do Not Enter isn't a secret, but it isn't exactly well-known either. To founders Nicolas Libert and Emmanuel Renoird, both originally from Paris, this means they are doing something right.
Illuminated Carpet
Philips Lighting's tiles glow with wayfinding, colors, patterns, and even the news.
The Latest Laugh
"Only the endless novelty of product design offers a moment of relief."


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The Shasta County Youth/Peer Court was created as
a program of the Youth Violence Prevention Council in October 2003, to provide a means by which first time juvenile offenders could be diverted from the traditional juvenile
justice system into a program which practices restorative, rather than punitive justice. By agreeing to participate
in the program, the offenders, called respondents, have the opportunity to have their cases heard before a jury
of their peers. If the respondent successfully completes his or her sentence and does not reoffend while in
the program, the record for that offense is cleared. As the name implies, the peer jurors and attorneys in Youth/Peer
Court are youths between the ages of 12-18 from middle and high schools throughout Shasta County.
Court also provides an opportunity for a broad segment of middle and high school aged students throughout the
county to learn about the rights and responsibilities of individuals in our legal system. This helps students
to make more informed choices in the way they conduct their personal lives. Through volunteering as jurors, jury forepersons,
and student attorneys, they are able to help offending youths, (called respondents) by deciding on a variety of sanctions
that are available as part of the sentence. They hold the respondents accountable for their actions, provide classes
and other sanctions to help the respondents develop some competencies, so that they will be less likely to reoffend in the
future. This empowers youth and teaches them valuable skills while they in turn help other youth.
are over 1300 youth courts nationally in 49 states and the District of Columbia. Youth courts have shown statistically
to reduce the percentage of youths recidivating by half of that of the more traditional juvenile justice systems. Youth
courts are the fastest growing juvenile intervention programs in the nation, and divert first time offenders out of the formal
juvenile criminal justice systems.
The Shasta County Youth/Peer Court has over 100 student volunteers in the program
each year and sixty or more adult volunteers. Court is generally held once a week in the evenings from 6:00-8:00 p.m. in
Redding, and once a month in Anderson. See the court calendar for a listing of court dates and locations.
The mission of the Shasta County Youth/Peer Court is to create a program
that incorporates a balanced approach to youth justice stressing accountability, competency development, and community protection
rather than punishment. We call this approach restorative justice. Rather than concentrating specifically
on the crime or offense, restorative justice focuses on the victim(s), the offender, and the need to restore the damage that
occured through accountability and competency development, which ultimately leads to a safer community.
refers to the need for offenders to make amends to victims for the losses caused by their actions. In addition, our
program has an awareness component that educates youth on the impact their actions have on their victims and the community.
Development emphasizes the need for offenders leaving our program to have the skills necessary to become productive
members of our society and to carry over and apply what they have learned when confronted with difficult choices and situations
in their futures. Education is the key component to this. Community Protection
refers to the right of the public to be safe and secure. This is accomplished through sharing responsibilities with
the juvenile justice system, the community, the youth, and the family to keep a watchful eye on the offenders and assist in
their reintegration back into the community.
The Shasta County Youth/Peer
Court uses adult judges from the federal and county courts who volunteer their time to oversee the court proceedings.
The sentences are decided by the jury, however, the judges review those decisions to ensure they are appropriate for the offense
and for the respondent.
Student attorneys work in pairs as a Prosecution Team or a Defense Team,
and are coached by adult attorneys from the community who volunteer their time to mentor the students and then observe them
in court in order to provide constructive feedback to the students.
The jury is comprised of
students from both middle and high schools from ages 11-18. Training is held 3-4 times each year to teach students about
the court system and about the various roles they can hold in the court. The jury is a combination of volunteer youth
jurors and respondents who are required as part of their sentence to come back and serve on the jury. This gives
the respondent jurors an opportunity to help other youth by assisting in the jury process and helping to create appropriate
and meaningful sanctions for other respondents. Jury Forepersons are chosen to preside over the jury deliberation process,
and this teaches youth valuable leadership and communication skills.
The Youth/Peer Court does not determine guilt or
innocence, since one of the requirements for a youth to appear in front of the court is a confession of guilt and taking responsibility
for one's actions. The jury's job, therefore, is to assign a disposition that will benefit both the respondent
and the community. The types of offenses that appear in the court are theft, vandalism, drug and alcohol offenses, assault
and battery, cyber-related crimes and school based offences.
Respondents are referred to the Youth/Peer Court
by the Shasta County Probation Department's Juvenile Assessment Center and by the School Resource Officers or administrators
of various high school and middle school campuses in the county.
The range of dispositions are: apologies, essays,
educational classes, counseling, community service, juvenile court work days, jury service, and restitution. Educational
classes that are available include: Youth Educational Shoplifting program, Drug and Alcohol, Anger Management, Victim Impact,
ATOD Alcohol Tobbaco and Other Drugs class, Life Skills, and Choices for Life Coroner's Tour.
The consequence
for respondents that do not complete their Youth/Court dispositions satisfactorily or reoffend while in the program
is to be referred back to the Juvenile Probation Department or the school that referred them to be processed through
the juvenile justice system for their original crime or offense.
have two types of court trials: Attorney Trials and Master Juries. During an attorney trial, the respondent is
appointed a pair of youth defense attorneys. A pair of prosecution attorneys is also appointed to the case. Both
teams of attorneys are given copies of the police report, copies of any pertinent evidence, and access to witnesses. Each
team is coached by an adult attorney who guides them through the court process. The defense attorneys also
meet or talk to the respondent prior to the trial in order to discuss the case. Each set of attorneys are responsible
for opening statements, closing arguments, and the questioning of the respondent and any witnesses. They are allowed
to make objections and enter any relevant material into evidence. After their presentation, they hand the case over
to the jury to decide the sentence.
In the Master Juries, the jurors read the police reports, ask both prepared and
spontaneous questions of the respondent, and make the final decisions about sentencing. There are no attorneys
in the master jury process. For a schedule of trials and master juries, please refer to the Youth/Peer Court calendar found
on the website.
All Court proceedings are open to the public. Attendees are advised to keep the names and
details of what they hear in court confidential. We encourage you to attend a master jury or trial if you are
interested in finding out more information.
The Youth Violence Prevention Council is located at 1700 Pine St., Suite
250 in Redding, CA 96001. The Office is located on the 2nd floor, above
the U.S. Bank, which is on the corner of Pine and Placer Streets.Office hours vary. Phone: 244-7194, Fax: 244-4150


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In the middle of the decade, Saleen was on a roll. The company had just launched its new S281 Mustang based on the S197 platform, the twin-turbo variation of the S7 was underway and Ford had contracted the specialty manufacturer to assemble its GT supercar. Business was good, and both of Saleen's assembly plants in Irvine and Detroit were at full capacity. The top of the mountain came in early 2007 when Saleen introduced the Parnelli Jones Mustang, still one of our favorite Mustangs of all time.
Unfortunately, it was all downhill from that point. Founder Steve Saleen announced his departure in the summer of 2007 and the investment firm with a controlling stake in the company declared that it was looking for a buyer in late 2008. Just a few months later, most of what was left of Saleen was sold to MJ Acquisitions, a Detroit-based company that owns various automotive manufacturing businesses.
Needless to say, we had our doubts about the future of Saleen. Would the new owner uphold the identity of the brand that was built over the past 25 years? Would they be able to keep their loyal base of customers without Steve at the helm? Most importantly, would a new Saleen have the resources and personnel to create an all-new product worthy of the brand? Saleen gave us the opportunity to drive one of its first production S281 Mustangs based on the the car's new-for-2010 body style, and we think we have the answer. Continued after the jump.


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By LINDA JACOBS
Contributing Writer
CORRIGAN—The 'Battle of Highway 287' continues to be routed through Corrigan-Cam-den after another Bulldog vic-tory over archrival Groveton.The Bulldogs ran their win-ning streak to 16 wins in a row after posting a 48-34 District 12-2A victory over the Indians Friday night at Bulldog Sta-dium.There were a ton of superla-tives by the Bulldogs as they improve their district record to 2-1 and even their overall re-cord to 4-4 with two games left to go in the regular season.Sophomore Keegan Mitchell rushed for a season high 205 yards on just 13 carries (15.7 average) and scored on a 55 yard touchdown run for the Bulldogs. Mitchell also had totes of 48, 34 and 28 yards.The longest run of the night and for the season thus far be-longed to Addison Kirkland who busted through the line for a 70-yard touchdown and fi n-ished with 112 yards on just 10 carries."People play us with every-body up close and when you do a good job blocking on the offensive line and if there is a seam you can squirt through and you're off to the races," said Corrigan head coach Sev-en Armstrong."People play us up tight like that and we know if we can get a hat on a hat, we can pop through there and go."Raheim Jones also ran hard for the Bulldogs and fi nished with 87 yards on 12 carries.Carlos Inguanzo was a point making machine Friday as he plowed his way for four Bull-dog touchdowns, scoring on two short runs as well as a 14 and 24-yard touchdown. 1Malyk Johnson added 10 yards as the Bulldogs finished with 482 yards on 56 carries (8.6 average).The Bulldogs were able to rebound after a disappointing loss at New Waverly last week. Several key players that had been sidelined with injuries were back in the lineup against the Indians with the exception of starting QB Haden Arm-strong and defensive back Jus-tin Robbins who was injured late in the New Waverly game."We came out (tonight) fair-ly healthy," said Armstrong. "We're still gimped up a bit, but it was good to see them back on the field tonight, it makes a big difference."Filling in for Armstrong was junior Cody Rogers who was 1-for-1 with a 42-yard pass completion to Keegan Mitch-ell. Rogers also scored on a one yard touchdown run for the 'Dogs.The two teams played to a 20-20 tie in the first half, but the Bulldogs were able to keep their win streak going that dates all the way back to 1995 by outscoring the Indians 28-14 in the final 24 minutes."That was our battle cry coming in," Coach Armstrong said. "We played hard tonight. They had a good game plan against us and did some things that caused us some problems."We've seen them run the option a little bit, but they ran it a lot tonight and we weren't quite expecting it. We didn't play it very well early on but once we figured it out and saw where we were supposed to be we did a better job."The Indians rushed for 173 yards and moved the chains 13 times in the first half, but was held to 112 yards and nine first downs in the second half as the Bulldog defense tightened their grip."Groveton's got a good foot-ball team and they're doing well right now," said Armstrong. "We feel good to get a win."The Bulldogs hope to get two more victories before the regular season wraps up Nov. 9. The Bulldogs will host Hemp-hill Friday night then travel to Anderson Shiro for the season finale.Opening driveThe Indians looked sharp on the opening drive of the game as they took the early lead. They drove the ball methodi-cally down the field 75 yards in 14 plays and scored on a 1-yard QB sneak by sophomore Bran-don Kemper with 6:31 on the clock. They attempted a 2-point run, but Calvin Burks and Dylan Parker stopped Kemper short of the goal line, 6-0 Groveton.The Bulldogs answered on the ensuing drive by traveling 52 yards in seven plays. Both Keegan Mitchell and Raheim Jones carried twice on the drive, but it was Carlos Inguanzo who got the touchdown nod on a 14-yard run with 3:31 left in the first. Cesar Felipe's PAT sailed wide right and the game was knotted at 6-all.Groveton took advantage of a Corrigan fumble to take the lead 12-6 at the 8:40 mark of the second quarter. The drive cov-ered just 34 yards. QB Kemper would score from one yard out on the seventh play of the drive.The Bulldogs answered quickly on the ensuing posses-sion. On the second play from scrimmage Keegan Mitchell broke down the left sideline on a 55-yard touchdown run with 7:57 on the clock. Inguanzo scored the 2-point run to give the 'Dogs a 14-12 lead.The Bulldog defense would stop Groveton on the next se-ries on a fourth down play at the Corrigan 37 yard line. Corrigan would take posses-sion and march 63 yards in six plays and score on a Cody Rog-ers 1-yard QB sneak with 2:37 left in the half. Highlighting the drive was a 42-yard pass from Rogers to Mitchell. Two plays later the Rogers score would give the 'Dogs a 20-12 lead.Groveton would knot the score 20-all, scoring on a Bran-don Kemper 8-yard pass to Je-rome Runnels with just :29 sec-onds left in the half.Second halfThe Bulldogs began to put some distance on the score-board by outscoring the Indians 22-8 in the third quarter. Carlos Inguanzo scored twice in the frame, including a one yard run on the opening drive.The touchdown drive was 56 yards in six plays as Inguanzo plunged across at the 9:23 mark. He also scored the 2-point run to give the "Dogs a 28-20 lead.Corrigan went 80 yards in seven plays to score their next touchdown, which was capped by a two yard Inguanzo run with 4:27 left in the third. Mitchell had a 28-yard run on the drive. The score put the 'Dogs out front, 34-20.Groveton made it a 34-28 ballgame after Marquel Thomas slipped a Bulldog tackle and scored on a 25-yard touchdown run with 3:25 left in the third.The Bulldogs quickly deflated the Indians momentum when fullback Addison Kirkland found daylight on a 70-yard run up the middle, scoring at the 3:14 mark. Inguanzo scored the 2-point run to extend the Bull-dog lead to 42-28.Corrigan scored their final touchdown early in the fourth quarter. Inguanzo turned on the scoring machine one final time when he busted through the line for a 24-yard score at the 10:20 mark for a 48-28 margin.Groveton recovered a Bulldog fumble at the Corrigan 31 yard line to set up their final score of the game. Marquel Thomas scored from three yards out on the fifth play of the drive with just 1:58 left in the game.Thomas attempted a 2-point run but Cody Rogers stopped him short of the goal line for the final margin, 48-34.
Copyright 2012
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Adam Pode
Director, International Research and Analysis
Adam Pode joined Staffing Industry Analysts in June 2009 with overall responsibility for research in Europe and now for the Rest of the World. Since then he has produced a large number of studies from snapshots of various countries' staffing sectors, to in-depth reviews of the law concerning independent contractors, economic models and forecasts. He has also advised companies from around the globe.
Adam has spent his entire career in the research field; in the British House of Commons, running his own research firm, teaching research methods at a college in Pennsylvania, heading the business intelligence unit of a large listed UK firm and working as an associate partner in a private equity practice. He was also a member of the Territorial Army for 18 years.
Adam has a B.A. from the School of Oriental and African Studies, and various postgraduate qualifications.
Research Focus: Brazil | Eastern Europe | Greece | India | Ireland | Middle East | Portugal | Russia | UK
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