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Check the table below for the current status of sandbag sites.
Sacramento County only opens its sandbag distribution sites in anticipation of continuous and extended heavy rainfall events where severe, widespread flooding may occur. The county does not open sandbag sites during most short duration or routine storm events typically experienced in Sacramento. Due to the lead time needed to get sites operational it is not effective to open sandbag sites during most storms. By the time the sandbag distribution sites are operational, most storms will have passed and any localized flooding will have already occurred. In fact, if your property has a history of flooding or recurring standing water each year (such as water building up at the garage or back patio for example), you are encouraged to get sandbags in advance of the rainy season and have them on hand throughout the winter. Sandbags and sand are available, inexpensively, at most hardware and home improvement stores.
Sacramento County's sandbag sites are self-serve. Bags and sand are available at each location, but you must bring your own shovel. Sites not operated by the County of Sacramento are intended for use by residents of the jurisdiction operating the site. For example, the sandbag sites operated by the City of Citrus Heights are intended for use by the residents of Citrus Heights, etc.
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Yale Law Women Host "Legally Female" Conference; Dean Koh Gives Opening Remarks
Yale Law Women will introduce a new online community for women in the legal profession at a conference March 31 at Yale Law School titled "Legally Female: What Does It Mean to Be Ms. JD?"
The conference will feature the launch of the new "Ms. JD" weblog (www.ms-jd.org) and will offer a series of panels on the challenges women face in the legal profession today.
Panelists will include law professors, judges and practitioners who work in diverse settings, including law firms, non-profits and NGOs. Among those speaking are Judge Nancy Gertner; Professor Vicki Schultz of Yale Law School; Professor Deborah Rhode of Stanford Law School; Joan Williams, founding director of WorkLife Law; and Deborah Epstein Henry, founder and president of Flex-Time Lawyers LLC.
"Students from Yale, Stanford and ten other law schools met last year to brainstorm ways in which women in law could connect with each other," said Michelle Morin, a second year Yale Law student and one of the conference organizers. "They decided to create a blog to launch an online community. Our conference will help to publicize that blog and will pursue similar goals outside the virtual world."
The conference will explore the status of women in the legal profession in light of new technologies and challenges. The organizers hope to spark cooperation among women working in different legal practice areas and institutions and encourage discussion among lawyers in private practice, public interest lawyers, law professors and students.
"The new blog will be a global meeting place for women in the profession," said Julia Simon-Kerr, another conference organizer.
Three sessions presenting a total of nine panels will explore longstanding and emerging topics of concern for women in the legal profession, such as "Beyond Queen Bee and Mommy Wars: Women Working Together," "Technology as Tool: Changing What It Means to Be a Woman in the Law," and "A Struggle Within the Struggle: Women Lawyers of Color in the Legal Profession." Technology workshops will also be offered to participants who want hands-on training.
Online registration at www.legallyfemale.com is required. It is free for Yale law students, $15 for other students and $30 for professionals. CLE credit in the state of New York will be available for professionals who pre-register by March 23. Individuals who work in public interest, government, or legal academia and would like to inquire about financial assistance should email email@example.com.
More information, including panel descriptions, speaker biographies and the complete conference schedule, can be found at www.legallyfemale.com.

subset: commoncrawl


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Tailgate Fan
Sponsored By
WATCH: THIS Is How You Grill A BurgerNYC's Burger & Barrel's burger champion shows how to make the perfect tailgate hamburger.
WATCH: Sausage 101Nick Stevens learns how to pair and prepare sausage at The Meat Hook in NYC.
TGF: Recipe: The Porky MeltThe Porky Melt is the tailgating sandwich to end all tailgating sandwiches. This is the recipe. That's all, folks.
TGF: Recipe: Cola Pork ChopsGrill up some seriously tender pork for your next tailgate. Here's the recipe.
TGF: Gear: Tailgate Food PreparationA party host needs these three cooking tools before the seasoning even touches the food.
TGF: Gear: Serving Drinks At The TailgateGoPong's Portable High Top Party Bar is a full-size serving bar for all your tailgating needs.
TGF: Gear: Grilling To Tailgate PerfectionGood tailgate food won't just make itself. That's where the T-fal OptiGrill Indoor Electric Grill comes in.
TGF: The Best Of Tailgate Fan FoodTailgate Fan looks at the best tailgating foods, course by course. Dig in, and drink up.
TGF: Recipe: Mini-Buffalo Chicken MeatballsCamille Ford and Tailgate Fan visit The Meatball Shop in NYC for Buffalo chicken meatballs.
Recipe: GumboCamille Ford and Tailgate Fan visit Virgil's BBQ in NYC for some chicken, sausage and crawfish gumbo.
Recipe: BratwurstCamille Ford and Tailgate Fan visit Blaue Gans in NYC for delicious bratwurst.
TGF: Recipe: New England Clam ChowderCamille Ford and Tailgate Fan visit Ditch Plains in NYC for New England clam chowder.


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Viewing convention Program information from 2013
Session Details
3. Evaluating Digital Work for Tenure and Promotion: A Workshop for Evaluators and Candidates
Sunday, 3 January, 8:30–11:30 a.m., Republic A, Sheraton
Program arranged by the MLA Office of Programs
Presiding: Alison Byerly, Middlebury Coll.; Kathleen Fitzpatrick, MLA; Katherine A. Rowe, Bryn Mawr Coll.
Session Description:
Facilitated discussion about evaluating work in digital media (e.g., scholarly editions, databases, digital mapping projects, born-digital creative or scholarly work). Designed for both creators of digital materials and administrators or colleagues who evaluate those materials, the workshop will propose strategies for documenting, presenting, and evaluating such work. Preregistration required.
No comments have been posted for this session.
|© 2015 Modern Language Association.


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History began yesterday
We normally review and present books on history whose contents go back a lot further, chronologically, than this title's. But we nevertheless feel strongly that A-Z of 21st Century Cars will benefit the Hemmings Nation, by both providing perspective on unfolding automotive technology and styling since 2000, and on identifying potential landmarks that may one day become historic.
Written by Financial Times of London automotive writer Tony Lewin, there are a stout 540 paperback pages here with 290 entries on not just manufacturers, but also car models and designers, all arranged alphabetically and punctuated by 1,500 photos. Individual models, and companies, get a timeline. Don't be put off by the necessarily limited amount of tech or platform information herein. The real prize is the forward-looking nature of this book, well-stocked with offerings from Eastern Europe, Russia, the Far East and South Asia, a lot of which could end up on our shores. To that end, there's a who-owns-what directory, plus a design glossary. The more time we spent with this, the better we liked it. It's $39.95 at MerrellPublishers.com.
2 Comments - Leave a Reply
2 Responses to "History began yesterday"
I had a look at this book today and having an interest in cars and in particular Pontiacs that is where I turned first to see what was offered. I was surprised to see an Aztec illustrated. If this is to be considered one of the "potential landmarks that may one day become historic" I closed the book. But then again, there are many books full of Edsels, Airflows and Trabants. So, the lesson here is, not all historic automotive landmarks are going to be good looking.
The Aztec was started as a joke at GM, and it got out of hand. The original idea for the Aztec was for a car that had room to get romantic with your date.


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CAVENDISH-BRADSHAW, Mary Ann. Memoirs of Maria
Contemporary Libraries
Please click here for a list of abbreviations
used for the Circulating Libraries pages.
Circulating Libraries:
Barry and Son's Circulating Library, 21 High Street,
Bristol. (Catalogue: c.1824)
Gerrard Tyrrell Circulating Library, 11 Lower Sackville Street,
Dublin. (Catalogue: 1834)
Summary: 2 out of 19 possible Circulating Libraries; 0 out
of 5 possible Subscription Libraries.
Overall: 2 out of 24 possible Libraries.
Print | Close
© 2004 Project Director: Professor Peter
Garside;Research Associates: Dr
Jacqueline Belanger, Dr Sharon Ragaz;Database/Website Developer: Dr Anthony


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Tag: Anarchy
The Meaning of Social Justice
By Punkerslut | Leave a comment
"...the lower classes of the people... [are] by far the most numerous in all countries and in all ages..." -- James Steuart, 1767Every society is founded on a common principle. A group of people is more capable of producing more together than each person would be individually. Industrialized production and specialized labour are some examples of how the group size contributes to a larger per-person output of the social product. In this organization, the worker's ability to labour is bound to the other workers. Since their machinery requires many hands to function, they require each other to produce as much as they require their tools. How well each labourer is able to perform their task, then, is necessarily tied to how well all workers as a whole are labouring. Where Capitalism reigns, there are even greater dependencies; not only is the labourer bound to themselves as a class, but they are bound to the class of proprietors. The worker rely on the owners of the bakeries and the mills for their sustenance; and they must rely on an employer as a labourer.The Capitalist class has its own Read More
What is Anarchy?
By Spiral Nature | Leave a comment
"Today, dictionary definitions still define anarchism as the absence of government…Although the word anarchism is understood by many in its classic sense (that defined by dictionaries and by anarchists of history), the word is often misused and misunderstood. Anarchism, because of the threat it imposes upon established authority, has been historically, and is still, misused by power holders as violence and chaos."
–Jason Justice, "Defining Anarchy"
"It's an odd feature of the anarchist tradition over the years that it seems to have often bred highly authoritarian personality types, who legislate what the Doctrine IS, and with various degrees of fury (often great) denounce those who depart from what they have declared to be the True Principles. Odd form of anarchism."
–Noam Chomsky
The Origins of Anarchy
By Punkerslut | Leave a comment
"When, in some obscure country town, the farmers come together to a special town meeting, to express their opinion on some subject which is vexing the land, that, I think, is the true Congress, and the most respectable one that is ever assembled in the United States."
— Henry David Thoreau, "Slavery in Massachusetts," 1906 Houghton Mifflin edition printing
What is it that turns a man or a woman in to an Anarchist? When I ask this question, there are many others that I might as well ask. What is it that makes a person a Communist, a Socialist, a Liberal, a Leftist, a Syndicalist, a Freethinker, a Non-Conformist — all words in to one, what is it that makes a man a Progressive? I know the definitions of these terms. I am quite familiar with that part of the question, "what makes a person a progressive?" A person is made a Communist by his ideal of turning all farms, factories, and mines in to public property. Another individual is made an anti-authoritarian by his ideal for a social organization where authority must respect all the rights of the private citizen. Those who call themselves Liberals are supportive of reform measures in the system, such as welfare to alleviate poverty. All of these individuals, all of these little sects, collectives, and groups work to change the world. Respect for the freedom of association, speech, and thought; demilitarization of all western nations; regulations to protect the working class; a fair tax that takes more from the wealthy than from the poor. It is understood by nearly everyone that these are the common ends that these progressive groups organize to achieve.
The essential premise of every group I mentioned was the improvement of mankind by certain changes, reforms, and other alterations of habit and policy. "By following the suggestions we present here, in heart and in mind, following them as a practice and believing in them as a theory, we will create a better condition of civilization," they all say, "We will support this change. Some will offer our support in finances, others in action, others in their vote, and others still, just in their voice. In effect, we will be creating a new order of social organization and cultural understanding that will alleviate misery and create happiness." All of our arguments generally seem to be based on philanthropy; we have the same motives as those men and women who want to end suffering and make a utopia out of the existing social order. That is to say, not that class of individual who calls themselves revolutionary, or even reformer, but one who goes by the title philanthropist, humanitarian, or saint to the poor and unwanted. These people who are trying to improve the lot of mankind when they build hospitals, arrange for funds to cure cancer or educate the people, organize community activities, or they work to feed those whose our social order has hurt the most. This is always the case when it comes to the poor, minorities, or other groups that have been disadvantaged by the present situation of society. Today when we look back, at authors like Saint-Simon who argued for a fund be set up for innovation and technology, or promiment figures like Jane Addams who managed a charity house. While we praise these people as the great forefathers of the philanthropy movements, in their time, they were considered revolutionaries, breakers of society's tides. In their own time, these defenders of science funds and poor houses were considered unorthodox, maybe even un-Christian and anti-social.
The goals of these humanitarians and revolutionaries are the same: to create a society where there is less evil and greater good. What is the difference, then, between the philanthropists and social agitators? The motives of both may essentially both be the same: we want to create a world that is much more desirable. The philanthropists do this through charity work, while the revolutionaries do this through trying to change the system. The first respect the social order and desire not to change it, while the second feels that all of the ills of our present system are caused by the regulations and laws of the people. The call of the charity worker is, "Work together, in order to help those who have been lost." But the call of the revolutionary soldier is, "Work together, in order that we might overthrow today's oppressive regime." We differ from the humanitarians in many marked ways. Most notable of all differences, there is the question of how society respects these two groups. Rarely has the established order ever taken an opposition to charity groups. They don't seek to change things, but only to alleviate temporary miseries; and they do this as though the suffering they end is not a part of the system's excess, but in accordance with the idea that the humans of this society are flawed. They believe in the theory that humanity, not the social relationship, needs to be reformed. Either it's the poor not trying hard enough, or it's the wealthy not being liberal enough. The theories of charity workers never ceases to impress the imaginations of revolutionaries.
We want to alter the system, change its rules, revolutionize the social organization. The traditions or heritages that the members of human history have carried with them must be abandoned. There is a better word for such "traditions": prejudices. And they must be left behind, ignored, and not our source of guidance, if we are going to live cooperatively and mutually in order to achieve peace and happiness. In desiring to change social roles, we revolutionaries act as an enormous threat to those who have power. The defenders of Civil Rights acted as a threat to those the white community that had accepted the prejudices of an ancient society. Martin Luther King's efforts focused on allowing African Americans in any role in society, whether as members of the ruling class, employees of any business, or students of all schools. The advocates of Free Enterprise were an enormous threat to the feudal lords. They wanted all serfs to be freed from what has always seemed to be a perpetual slavery of the poor and downtrodden. The Feminist movement, the anti-Child labor movement, the Socialist movement, the Environmentalist movement — all of these organizations of citizens were brought together so that the social order would be rearranged for the interests of all. We are a threat to the established "way of things," this rightfully demonized thing called culture. All of the members who benefit from the culture, all of those who hold high positions, or moderately high positions, all of them have an interest in preventing the revolution from achieving its aims. Whether it creates happiness or not, whether it prevents suffering or not, it doesn't matter. Their argument is and always will be: "We may or may not believe in our way of doing things. That's not the point at hand. The point at hand is that I can live like a king so long as you live like a slave. If you stop being a slave, I won't be able to exist in the lavish conditions that give me luxury and comfort."
Philanthropists and charity workers organize in order to save the system. Their calling to hand is the betterment of mankind. That is the initial instinct that draws together Socialists, Communists, Leftists, Progressives, and Anarchists in their efforts: the betterment of mankind. However, we differ widely at this point in the road with our brothers of good heart. We want to destroy the system, in order so a more effective social organization can take place, where the miseries of mankind are absent and where his freedom is prized above all else. In their efforts, they are met with kindness and felicity. But in our efforts, as revolutionaries and agitators of the government, the coals under the foot of the giant, we are opposed, detested, and persecuted. The Haymarket Riot was caused by police officers shooting and killing unarmed protestors who wanted an eight hour work day. Thousands of Pacifists were arrested by the government for refusing to take up arms against their fellow brethren of European nations in the first world war. Those who burned their draft cards during the Vietnam conflict were likewise arrested. The authors of unpopular essays, pamphlets, and journals have always been oppressed by society or looked upon with suspicion by authorities. Whether they released publications that question sexual morals or supported equal rights, their books have been censored and their publishers have been fined. There is this enormous structure of the privileged classes, doing all that they can, committing all types of crimes, so that they can prevent this change of organization, these revolutionary changes.
The arguments presented by all Conservative theorists and parties are always the same. Whenever presented with a new reform, an alteration of modern society, a change in organization of social order, we always hear the same arguments. We will always hear their primary argument: humanity was not built for this new system. There is no way that the nature of humans could ever allow for a utopian dream. Man is naturally cruel, greedy, and mean-hearted, and it is his baser instincts that should be given free reign in the social order; otherwise, the functionality that we appreciate of today's economy would completely fail. "It won't work!" Of course, though, this was the same argument the Conservatives presented to Abolitionists and Women Suffragists. They claimed that, if the slaves were freed, or if women were allowed to vote, that the nuts and bolts of social organization would snap, and we would end up as hunter gatherers again. They also tell us that these new reforms will compromise our integrity. "By giving women the right to vote, it saps the morality out of men," is the argument. They will make references to god and religion, or just about any obscure, unknown, unseen principle. Since religion has kept men in shackles for hundreds of years, these industrialists feel content that it can still keep them in slavery for the coming years. Whatever the case, the arguments of these Conservatives always fail. Our social organization is a much more effective system than theirs, in theory and in practice. There is no argument that can bypass that simple fact.
It is we, the Anarchists, the Progressives, the Communists, the Socialists, and the others who want to compromise the position of a few top individuals in order to give peace and liberty to the general population. Because of this, we have a second reason to come together and work in cooperation. We call this reason a sense of justice, of right conquering wrong, of good triumphing over evil; we are motivated to work side by side so that we can achieve the greater good. In marches, we stand face-to-face with riot police. In unions, we always must accept the fact of a lockout or losing our jobs. We are rebellious and non-conformist students in the schools and organizers of the people. The fact that we must band together, that we must have a living and breathing solidarity with our brothers and sisters, that we are fighting together against the enemies of goodness and truth, that there are people who are working to oppress us, all of these facts bring us together and make us fight harder. Philanthropists never bring people together to "achieve social justice" or "eliminate the system that has caused so many toxic excesses." Only revolutionaries come together in order to obstruct the path of the god Moloch, to organize so that our combined strength is enough to outdo the enormous, centralized, regimented forces of the defenders of slavery. That is where this sense of justice always come from. We unite not just as bringers of a new way of life, the prophets of an ideal civilization realized through cooperative effort. We unite as active and powerful changers of the current standing order. We work together not to ask for scraps from our masters, but to demand and take our liberty back from them!
The first act of becoming a revolutionary is in understanding that the current state of society is not the only way social organization can take place. There is a better way for the world exist and there are better policies for men to adopt. Should these progressive policies gain widespread approval, the primary miseries of civilization will be abolished and the excesses and corruption of the spirit will be eliminated. The philosophers will look at this new culture and this new people, and maybe they will call them ideal, but I know the poets will look upon our new world and say it is free. The second step in becoming a revolutionary is accepting and believing the fact that this free world is and always has been possible, but there are privileged individuals of the current system who have mobilized their power against the interests of the people. In order to set up a food bank or housing for the homeless, philanthropists are not hindered by police officers. But in order to destroy the system that causes starvation and homelessness, we are are attacked, harassed, and beaten by the stormtroopers of the present order. They bitterly oppose us, because if we succeed, then they lose their power, and the world loses all forms of slavery and authority. The third and final step of becoming a revolutionary, of becoming the gunpowder to spark an explosion in social relationships, is action. We must act. We must proliferate these ideas, organize unions, protest, march in the streets, publish, distribute, exchange, cooperate, manage, organize, organize, organize. That is the call to the Anarchist of our world.
The only reason that liberty means anything to us is because authority means something to us. If we were ignorant of their tactics of imprisonment, torture, executions, censorship, and deception; if we were totally blind to their methods of oppression, coercion, and violence, then we would not cling to liberty as an all-serving agent of good. It was not until disease came about that physicians stressed prevention methods of spreading germs. It was not until cancer came about that medical professionals became so engrossed in chasing the cure. And it so happens with our cause: the illness Capitalism and government shows with the extraordinary amounts of poverty, unemployment, and misery. It seems to be a perpetual hell on this earth, solely because the heritage and traditions of our forefathers included Capitalism, an idea that would serve as the right hand to exploitation. The one common string that can be found in all of these progressive movements, whether Anarchist, Syndicalist, Libertarian, Liberal, Communist, Socialist, or Marxist, is to overthrow authority where it is harmful towards mankind. Progressivists of human sexuality argue that the state should have no authority over sexual activity; group of individuals can do whatever they want, so long as there is consent. Unionists always organize so that employers do not have as much authority over them. And those proud members of the civil disobedience squad are in opposition to the government's use of authority in foreign countries, through aggressive militarism and imperialism. We may use all of these titles and names that we've applied to ourselves in so many cases. But the goals of these leftist activists is all the same: to eliminate the painful condition of being a slave in obedience to an unjust authority.
As men and women who seek change in society, our primary objective is this: to organize the social forces in a way that justice, peace, and equality genuinely exist. For this reason, we are in the same ranks as social reformers, organizers of charities, pro-bono legal counsel for the poor, distributors of food boxes to low-income families, and those who cook food to give to the homeless. What makes us, the revolutionaries of the world, different from these philanthropists is that we believe the misery of society was created by its organization. In our opinion, poverty is not simply the byproduct of the Capitalist, so much as it is the direct result of Free Enterprise. War, Imperialism, and Colonialism, the exploitation of these foreign countries, is not an indirect result of government, but the chief aim of all organized, hierarchal groups. Racism, bigotry, prejudice, and cultural clashes are not so much caused by differences of heritage, so much as they are caused by lack of a truly free education. We analyze society, and see the very causes of all the suffering that humans are enduring. And, as revolutionaries, it is our goal not to repair the damage done by the system, but to change the system. That is the manifesto of a revolutionary.
Review: Steal This Book, by Abbie Hoffman
By Psyche | Leave a comment
Steal This Book, by Abbie Hoffman
Four Walls Eight Windows, 156858217X, 318 pp. (including index), 1998, 2000 Edition
Steal This Book was a revolutionary work of its time, written by Hoffman in jail, a manual for the revolution that was supposed to come, but didn't.
Though absolutely no respect is given to those in law enforcement, Hoffman does preach respect for other revolutionaries and those who are merely the employees of those you're ripping off. A thoughtful revolutionary.
Learn how to get virtually everything your anarchistic little heart could desire free: food, clothing, furniture, land, entertainment – the usual gear, but also ranging to the more bizarre: such as free elk or buffalo – even ghosts!
Advice on demonstration fashion necessities such as clothing, helmets, pads, gas mask and more. What to buy, what to look for, where to buy. Legal advice, shop lifting, hot to build various bombs out of every day household materials – aided with helpful diagrams and illustrations. Numerous black and white photographs illustrate ways to rip off the system and aid the revolution. Nifty advice on drug selling, buying, growing and giving it away.
Also included is a brief biography of Hoffman, giving you further insight into the creative and inspiring mind behind his words, and a forward by Lisa Fithian and Al Giordano, other revolutionaries who aided Hoffman in his cause.
Though some techniques and stores/centres are outdated, this is still a pretty spiffy tome. Written in an accessible and inspiring tone, this book is often quite funny at times, if only from the sheer shock value of what he proposes. Valuable as a historical document of its times, as well as a guide for many ways you can still rip off the system.
Is It Anarchy on the Internet?
By Craig | Leave a comment
In a word, no. Considering that it was founded by branches of the U.S. government, and today is funded mostly by commercial companies, public and private schools, and the government, it seems like kind of a stupid question. But since countless pundits, some of whom even claim to be anarchists, have maintained that it is, I'd like to state why I think that the Internet does not fit any definition of 'anarchism' that I am comfortable with.
The media seem to have adopted the practice of using the word 'anarchy' to describe what happens when a government fucks up more than usual–the civil war in Somalia being one of the more recent examples. Anarchists, on the other hand, use it to describe a system of social organization where people and communities take responsibility for their own lives and actions instead of depending on a government to do so for them. Anarchists, in other words, are describing a positive, proactive alternative to the current political system, whereas the popular press are describing the lack or failure of certain acts of the current system. So it's not surprising to see some of the various services of the Internet, which have pretty much had "anything goes" usage policies and have remained quite free from government control since their inception, described by the press as "anarchic." What is surprising is that I occasionally see self-proclaimed "anarchists" who seem to agree with this!
The thinking seems to go like this:
From a user's point of view, most Internet services are truly decentralized. Outside of any given site, there is no central administration, and what hierarchies there are tend not to be rigidly "enforced."
Whereas, for instance, it is a crime to send certain items through the U.S. Mail, the internation and open nature of, and the enormous volume of information carried on, the Internet makes such restrictions on content difficult (though not impossible) to enforce.
In many areas, if you look hard enough, you can find a way to access the Internet for free although you often need to own a computer to do so.
In other words, this philosophy seems to define the Internet in terms of what it isn't [not (usually) centralized, not (usually) censored, not (usually) expensive]. You'll notice that this fits very neatly into the "media" definition of 'anarchism,' but says nothing about the need for a positive alternative to government-dependent lifestyles, as required by the "anarchist's definition" of the word.
The Internet is a very useful tool. It's both faster and, for most people, cheaper than the U.S. Postal Service. It's far cheaper than the telephone, and usually just as fast. It's also the easiest way I know of to get a message out to a large group of people at once. I also find that I get much more personal feedback from email messages than I get from zines, and sometimes even personal letters, probably because it's so much easier to do. But there are several downsides that we must keep in mind:
Any computer network or bulletin board is fundamentally classist, because most people simply don't have access to it. Whereas nearly anyone can receive paper mail or a telephone call, whether or not they have a permanent address, you must have access to both a computer and an appropriate account to use the Internet. Recognizing this, groups in many cities are forming "Freenets," which offer (usually) free accounts with Internet email access, and often provide public-access terminals. But today, at least, the majority of people do not have access to these services.
While personal email can be quite useful, few if any of the services meant for large groups of people to use simultaneously, such as mailing lists (like the aaa-web) and Usenet (an enormous "bulletin board" system) end up being consistently constructive (if, indeed, they are ever constructive at all!). Most are like a meeting where the person who shouts the loudest gets to be heard, and where those who aren't into screaming tend to eventually leave. Spy writer Chip Rowe asked, "How much would you pay to spend your evenings and weekends with a room full of con artists, misogynists, computer geeks, snooty academics, rude teenagers, pushy salesmen, Iowa housewives, bad poets, Nazi sympathizers, certified morons, corporate suits, Elvis fans, recovering alcoholics, aging hippies, pockmarked pornographers, and overzealous FBI agents?"
There's nothing available on the internet that isn't also served by other means, like letters and zines, albeit not quite as well, in some instances. None of the services that it offers add to our efforts, they simply make them a little more convenient. In other words, truly autonomous communities are no more likely to arise given the use of the Internet.
So while Internet services can be a great way to get the word out about the real, constructive projects that you and your community are doing, please don't fall into the trap of mistaking use of the net itself as something of any real value to the creation of an autonomous society.
Any comments on this article? Send email to the address below!
Craig (stuntz[at]rhic.physics.wayne.edu)


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Blockbuster Movies (Song Kit #39)Item #: HL.07990018
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Arranged by Alan Billingsley, Ed Lojeski, John Leavitt, Kirby Shaw, Mark Brymer.
Song Kit. Voicing/Format: UNIS/2PT. 8.5x11 inches. 28 pages. Published by Hal Leonard. (HL.07990018)
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A collection of popular hits from top movies. Includes: My Heart Will Go On (Titanic), arr. Billingsley; Go the Distance (Hercules), arr. Lojeski; Cruella De Vil (101 Dalmatians), arr. Shaw; The Bare Necessities (The Jungle Book), arr. Leavitt; So Long, Farewell (The Sound of Music), arr. Brymer. Song Kit includes: 2 Director's Scores and 40 Singers Editions. CD sold separately. Available: Unison/2-Part, ShowTrax CD.
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- Food Bank Week Begins
Michael Tusk's Crostone with Ricotta and Asian Pear and More Recipes
Today on The Daily Meal
Recipe of the day
Check out our editors' picks for this week's top food section recipes.
LA Times
• A post-Purim treat: Haman's fingers, a pastry made with almonds, pine nuts, and walnuts.
NY Times
• No longer relegated to soup, miso can be used to spice up fish, steak, and veggies with miso butter, mayo, butterscotch, and more.
SF Chronicle
• Michael Tusk's (of Quince restaurant) crostone with ricotta, Asian pear, and spicy honey is a surefire way to start a party.
• Winter's rapidly disappearing, but slow cooker meals are good year-round. Warm up on a cold night with Mexican vegetable stew, made with guajillo chiles, allspice berries, chayote (Mexican squash), and other veggies.
Chicago Tribune
• This rainbow trout with flaxseed crust packs in the omega-3s — and doesn't skimp on taste.
Seattle Times
• A twist on the classic mashed potatoes, Amish potato filling includes bread cubes, celery, and onion for an extra kick.
Portland Press Herald
• Brooke Dojny's Maine seafood chowder is more than clams; the recipe includes a mix of white fish, Maine shrimp, and scallops for a true taste of the sea.
Washington Post
• For a quick meal, update the go-to quesadilla recipe with caramelized onions and horseradish cheese.
Kitchen Daily
• Roasted raspberries? It's possible, with Allegra McEvedy's recipe from Le Grand Cerf restaurant in the Champagne region of France.
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If you're looking for an Alaska travel deal, Afognak Wilderness Lodge offers one of the most unique experiences on the continent. The land & marine wildlife viewing/photography, sea kayaking and, of course, fresh & saltwater fishing expeditions are part of a fantastic nature-tour vacation. Treat yourself to an Alaskan vacation package that you will never forget at our award-winning lodge!
Our Latest Videos
What to Pack for Your Alaskan Wilderness Vacation
At Afognak Wilderness lodge, we're here to help facilitate every aspect of your vacation in Alaska. While we're proud to provide a unique remote lodging experience, where you can connect with Nature in some of the last pristine lands on Planet Earth, that's only part of the process. You'll also need to plan ahead for the gear you're going to bring.
Tips & Tricks For Photographing Alaskan Wildlife
The Afognak Wilderness Lodge is home to one of the most beautiful vacation spots on the planet. Located within the Kodiak Islands, Afognak Island boasts both fresh and saltwater fishing trips, tons of wildlife, and breathtaking scenery. It's a great place for those who are seeking adventure or for those who just want to relax in a beautiful setting.
Afognak Island has been a major photography destination for both amateurs and professionals since 1974. Our first-class Alaskan lodge is thrilled to offer photography kayaking tours, which will give you the opportunity to explore the beautiful wilderness, and wildlife that the Kodiak Islands have to offer. If you'd rather go out by yourself, consider taking a trip to Denali Park or the north end of Afognak Island for incredible photography opportunities.
Regardless of where you decide to capture images, there are some tips and tricks that can help you to take breathtaking photos in a safe and respectful manner. The most important thing is to never cause harm to animals or the land for the sake of the shot. Keep reading below for more of our photography tips and tricks.
Blog debut: May 6, 2015
We've had a phenomenal Fall/Winter/Spring, with temperatures remaining around 40*F since September, 2014. Consequently, the berry bushes are leafing out at least one month early, the Sockeye (Red) Salmon were spotted jumping in late-April instead of mid/late May and all the big game (Sitka Deer, Roosevelt Elk, Kodiak Brown Bear) populations are healthy and dense. {Current German guests report their own similar long spell of mild weather.}
Today, the temperature has climbed to 48*F so the winter forest-debris is being cleaned up, the greenhouse is protective of the many plants/bulbs/seeds which will eventually spruce-up our surrounding virgin Sitka Spruce forest, as ground temperatures continue to warm.
Springtime is an enthusiastic, busy time for both folks and all facets of Nature . . . radiating the energy every entity needs to fulfill their seasonal duties.
The 2,600 mile Humpback Whale migration from Hawaii to Kodiak's rich feeding waters will likely be equally early. Here, they mingle with the year-round marine wildlife of seal, sea-lion, sea-otter, Killer/Orca & other whales, who put on dynamic displays during their summer "conventions" in Alaska.
So, anticipation of another wonderful Summertime-in-Alaska is the invisible fuel that keeps us loving rural life in our corner-of-paradise. Sharing it with fellow appreciators makes it even more enjoyable for us.
Here's a link showing a bit of what our unique area has to offer: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lf-UXsvCOpU
We look forward to the great collection of similar-minded "really smart" folks we'll get to share this true-wilderness with this coming Summer.
Life is good.
What Guests Say
"Our third time here and we find something new and wonderful everytime. This has become our Alaskan home."Shizuko Kato, Osaka, Japan
How amazing to watch seal lion roar, brown bear cross the beach just ahead of us, see rare sea birds and end the day with a 10pm waterski run down the bay! Also nice to see a family working together so well… many talents here.Parvis and Kay Sadighi, Massachusetts
This was the BEST lodge we've been to. All the comforts of home in a remote setting. Very friendly people, helpful and obliging… like Laura Ashley marries Eddie Bauer! Caught fish here when all were getting skunked everywhere else. The lodge even added extra fish to our box of frozen fish for the trip home.Don and Joyce Benioff, California
Family feeling… just wonderful with small groups being a plus! Very accommodating. Lots of wildlife that we could get close to. It was truly Wonderful.Lon and Susie Byars family, Texas
Unique experience due to the fact that the location is in the extreme wilderness. Most beautiful place we have seen.Ted and Debra Layne, California


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- Filed Under
FRESNO (AP) - A parolee has been arrested in the Fresno area after allegedly stealing three vehicles - two of them while trying to flee authorities.
The Fresno Bee (bit.ly/QOXLMr) says the 26-year-old man was arrested Sunday morning after a brief chase.
The California Highway Patrol says its officers were following the man, who was in a stolen car, when he suddenly stopped and ran off.
Lt. Patrick Hanson says he got into a truck with a trailer and drove it two blocks, then dumped it and stole a flatbed truck.
CHP officers and Fresno County sheriff's deputies chased the man and caught him when the truck crashed into a fence on the side of the county coroner's office.
He was arrested on suspicion of possessing a stolen vehicle and evading police.


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Characterful, cultured and calm, the four star Radisson Blu Edwardian Kenilworth is warmly inviting and quietly stylish in the heart of bookish Bloomsbury. Light floods the airy lobby and laid-back bar through elegant arched windows, and a striking original art collection adds real individuality. Service is unfailingly friendly, and the Great Russell Street location means you're equally well-placed here for the City, the West End of London or Eurostar's St Pancras terminal. The 186 rooms and luxury suites at the Kenilworth Hotel London are richly decorated with sleek furnishings and marble bathrooms. Wireless internet access, advanced telephone system with personal phone number, flat screens televisions and US 110v plug sockets feature in every room. Access to bedroom floors is by room key only. Guest services and amenities include a fitness room, business centre, valet parking upon request (local car park used) and complimentary wireless Internet access. This central London hotel has eight function rooms that can accommodate as many as 100 for any type of event from training courses to weddings. A dedicated events team and the latest AV and communications equipment ensure the success of your event at the Radisson Blu Edwardian Kenilworth Hotel. The centre of the Radisson Blu Edwardian Kenilworth hotel is Scoff & Banter Restaurant and Bar. The London Kenilworth Hotel holds a prime location in Bloomsbury, 50 metres from the British Museum. Oxford Street, Covent Garden and Soho are also within walking distance. A myriad of clubs, bars and music venues are nearby for your entertainment. We're proud to be part of the Green Tourism Business Scheme and have been given the Silver Award to show that we're doing our bit to meet the high standards set by Green Tourism.Carlson
24 hour front desk
Airport shuttle (surcharge)
Car rental
Babysitting/child services (surcharge)
Business center
Continental breakfast
Concierge service
Cribs available
Currency exchange on-site
Express check out
Fitness center
Internet (surcharge)
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Pets not allowed
Non-smoking rooms available
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Time slips as black box search continues for missing Flight 370
Search area is seen on an iPad of a military officer onboard a Vietnam Air Force AN-26 aircraft, during a mission to find the missing Malaysia Airlines flight MH370, off Con Dao island Image by John Goh Reuters
With no end in sight, search teams are following three radio pings in hopes of finding the black box of the missing Malaysia Airlines Flight 370. The battery of the machine could die by next week.
"Twelve military aircraft and 13 ships are searching three vast areas about 1,240 miles northwest of Perth, Australia," reports Time. "A Chinese ship detected one radio ping on Friday, and then a second ping on Saturday about 1.4 miles away as it re-combed the search area of Australia's west coast, reports the Associated Press. The second ping lasted 90 seconds.
"A third radio ping was detected Sunday 300 nautical miles away by an Australian ship using sophisticated deep-sea sound equipment supplied by the U.S. Navy," further reports Time. "The Australian ship, Ocean Shield, will head to assist the Chinese after investigating the third pulse."
A plane's black box typically remains active after a crash for 30 to 45 days. MH370 vanished March 8 about and hour after taking off from Kuala Lumpur.
- Latest


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New Couple Alert: Justin Bieber and Selena Gomez
Bieber, 16 and Gomez, 18, were in Philadelphia on Hump Day to perform at the Q102 Jingle Ball, where Bieber was the co-headline act along with Adam Lambert. According to TMZ, the couple shared a booth, held hands and looked cuddly while enjoying breakfast. They also left the restaurant arm in arm.
Bieber was linked to up-and-coming songstress Jasmine Villegas, when they were spotted kissing in the back of a car this September.
Bieber was in Germany last week where he pulled out of the TV show 'Wetten Dass' ('Bet it?') after a contestant, appearing on an earlier segment, was hospitalized when a stunt went terribly wrong during the live broadcast. He can be next seen on the big screen in a new concert film called 'Justin Bieber: Never Say Never'.
Gomez is best known for her role as of Alex Russo in Wizards of Waverly Place and is the lead singer in the band Selena Gomez & the Scene. She used to date Nick Jonas, the youngest of the Jonas Brothers before they broke-up in April.
PopScene: Weeks Hottest Pics
- Filed under:
- Famous Couples -
- Justin Bieber -
- Music News -
- TV News
- Friday 10 DecemberBy Polar Patrol
They make such a cute couple - it's a shame California doesn't allow same sex marriages.
- Friday 10 DecemberBy KR
She's on loan from Disney. Their usual 6-week 'dating' contract. Bieber wanted a Jonas Brother but was told NO!!
- Friday 10 DecemberBy BTDT
Bieber, you lucky son of a gun.
- Saturday 11 December
They were spotted discussing the proper use of femenine products.
- Saturday 11 DecemberBy bettyyue6
I love this , So does My boyfriend .he is almost 11year older than me .i met him via age'mi'ngle.c'om a nice place for seeking age le ss love.which gives you a chance to make your life better and open opportunities for you to meet the attractive young girls and treat you like a king. Maybe you wanna check it out or tell your friends..
- Saturday 11 DecemberBy jingsefenmi
I didn't know Selena was into girls...I guess everything is not what it seems...haha~I love this , So does My boyfriend .he is almost 11year older than me .i met him via aged'ate.c'om a nice place for seeking age le ss love.which gives you a chance to make your life better and open opportunities for you to meet the attractive young girls and treat you like a king. Maybe you wanna check it out or tell your friends.. Just love it
- Saturday 11 DecemberBy mashwell
They were just sharing hair & make-up tips.
- Saturday 11 DecemberBy vinnie
- Saturday 11 DecemberBy Slash
I wouldn't let Bieber carry my guitar pic !
- Friday 10 DecemberBy Eric
Selena sounds like a girl's name. Is she the one on the right or the left in the picture? I am GUESSING the one on the right, but you can't really tell from that pic.
- Friday 10 DecemberBy Zoey
I was thinking the same thing, lol. They are both very pretty girls.
- Friday 10 DecemberBy Justintime
Selena better take note on Demi Lavoto, shes heading down the same path, pretty girls? pretty boys you mean! her publist must of had to pay big bucks to get a photo of her with the Bieb! shes a no talent disney throw away
- Friday 10 DecemberBy themeeker
STOP! Just stop. This story is ridiculous. He doesn't like girls, she's a beard, and this story is just a lame excuse to get little girls to buy more of the Beeber girl's crappy music. She (Beeber) needs to be put away somewhere where we never see her again and her publicist needs to stop planting patently untrue stories.
- Friday 10 DecemberBy Jannie
Selena just turned 18 not 19. They are having more fun than you are.
- Saturday 11 DecemberBy Ken D
Heck. Everyone is having more fun than I am.
- Friday 10 DecemberBy mw
What a stupid story. This is just to make him/her look like him/her is not gay.
- Saturday 11 DecemberBy kaysings
That was my first reaction when I read this silly piece of tripe. Justin Bieber "dating" any young, hot female celebutante is a publicity stunt deliberately designed to "prove" that he is not gay. Or that he really is a "guy". Or both. The late Michael Jackson actually got married to "prove" that he was not gay.
- Friday 10 DecemberBy LaDiva
Awww she's babysitting him.
- Friday 10 DecemberBy LaDiva
Awww she's babysitting Bieber...
- Friday 10 DecemberBy Judy LueerLow Ranked Vote downVote upReport this
Haha, that is funny. I did hear that Justin is really female too, from a 'very reliable source'!
MORE ABOUT Justin Bieber
Find the latest stories, biography, photos, videos, and more.Read more about Justin Bieber Li
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Is it Brad(ley) and Jen take 2? Jen was spotted out on the town with dreamboat ...
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After Fairly Legal actress, Sarah Shahi, laid into Paris via Twitter for almost...
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According to Denise, she's not sure that her estranged ex is completely sober....
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Certification Maintenance Guidelines & Requirements
The GIAC program has made a major shift regarding our certification renewal approach. In addition to offering the option to retake the certification exam, GIAC now supports individuals maintaining their credentials using a Continuing Professional Education credits (CPEs) approach. This program change increases the options available to individuals, with a focus on demonstrating ongoing competency through continued training. It is important to note that while other organizations have similar methods of tracking credits towards certification renewal, GIAC CPEs will not always match up with other programs' exact values.
- Certification Renewal FAQ (48 KB)
- Certification Renewal Handbook (97 KB)
- Certification Renewal Quick Start Guide (65.9 KB)
GIAC certifications are valid for four years. You may start the certification renewal process two years before your certification expires. We offer several options to demonstrate ongoing competency in the Information Assurance field and maintain your GIAC certification status.
- Options to Earn the 36 CPEs
- Supplemental Options
- Instructions for Completing the Certification Renewal Process
- GIAC CPEs vs. Other Programs Credit
- Certification Renewal Program Rules and Information
Certification Renewal Program Rules and Information
- All renewal options will become available for registration in your GIAC portal account (https://exams.giac.org/) two years prior to your certification expiration date.
- The certification maintenance fee is $399 due once every four years at the time of registration. After your registration is complete and payment is received, all GIAC certification renewal options are documented and submitted through the GIAC Portal. No refunds are given after registration is complete.
- For multiple certification holders: CPEs may be split between two or more renewals. For example, if you have three certifications coming due for renewal, you may submit 18 CPEs towards one renewal, 12 CPEs, towards the second, and 6 CPEs towards the third as long as the training course meets the requirements for each one. Or, you may submit 36 CPEs towards one renewal and half credit (18 CPEs) towards a second renewal as long as it meets the requirements. *This applies to accredited training only. No other CPE option may be split towards more than one certification renewal.
- The complete application and all supporting documentation must be submitted at the same time. For example, if you wish to renew your certification using 4 days (24 CPEs) of training, and 12 CPEs for work experience, please submit your application, certificate of completion for the training, and information from your employer at the same time.
- Applications that are incomplete, or that request CPEs without the required supporting documentation will be rejected. You may resubmit the application and supporting documentation once the application is complete and all supporting documentation is provided.
- It is your responsibility to submit your documentation before your certification expires. Deadline extensions are not available at this time. In order to ensure your application is received and reviewed before your deadline, we suggest submitting your paperwork at least 15 business days prior to your certification's expiration date.
- All renewal fees are required to be paid in full before your certification renewal application will be processed. The renewal fee includes a current set of certification specific course materials, should you choose to receive them. The updated course materials are available to you regardless of the renewal option(s) you utilize and will aid you in keeping your skill set current. You are responsible for shipping fees associated with receiving updated course materials. Included is an updated set of course books, audio files, and any added content such as DVDs or USBs. Any additional hardware, such as F-Response, is not included.
- If you register for more than one certification renewal in a two-year period, you will receive a discount. After the first $399 certification renewal, all additional certification renewals during the following two year period will cost only $199 each. The two year window begins at the time the registration and $399 payment are received. It is not based on expiration dates or when your certification is renewed.
- All information submitted under certification maintenance is carefully reviewed by our staff and subject to external verification. Renewal candidates who knowingly and willingly submit false information or forged documents will be reported to the Ethics Council for review. Possible sanctions could include revocation of all GIAC certifications or barring from participation in GIAC community events.
- GSE certifications can be renewed through the Exam option only. CPE submissions will not be accepted.
Options to Earn the 36 CPEs Required to Maintain Certification Include:
- Standard Exam: Successfully passing the current version of the certification exam or other equivalent and relevant certification will earn candidates a total of 36 CPEs and renew the certification for another four years. Learn More
- Training/Teaching: Required CPEs may be earned by attending or teaching ISO 17024 related information assurance training courses, such as SANS training courses or post graduate level information assurance courses. Learn More
- Published Work: A published technical research paper or book may be applied towards the 36 CPE requirements. Learn More
Supplemental Options
There are also supplemental options, which can be combined with the primary options above, to help you reach the required 36 CPEs:
- Other Training Courses / Events (non-SANS/ISO 17024 related training)
- Work Experience
- GIAC / SANS /Community Participation
- Cyber Ranges / Exercises
Please pay close attention to the specific requirements of each option so you will be credited for the work you have accomplished and experience you have gained in the information assurance industry.
The table below summarizes the options available for certification renewal. Any option selected must be completed and documented within the final two years (24 months) of your certification window.
|Primary Options
|Maximum CPEs
|Number of years before certification expires for CPE submission to qualify
|GIAC Certification Exam
|2 years
|Attending or Teaching a SANS or ISO 17024 Related Training Courses
|1 CPE per contact hour
(Base 6 CPEs per full training day)
|3 years
|Publishing an Information Assurance Related Paper, Book or Article
|Up to 36
|2 years
|Information Assurance Post Graduate Classes
|12 (per 3-5 credit hour course)
|2 years
|Supplemental Options
|Other Training Courses / Events
(non-SANS/ISO 17024 related training)
|Up to 12
|3 years
|Work Experience
|6 per year
|2 years
|GIAC / SANS /Community Participation/Contribution to InfoSec-related Magazine
|Up to 6
|2 years
|Cyber Ranges/Exercises
|2 years
Instructions for Completing the Certification Renewal Process
- Go to the "Certification History" section of your GIAC Exam Engine (https://exams.giac.org/pages/history), where you will see a list of your certifications. Next to the certification you are trying to renew, click "Renew NOW!"
- You now have the option of choosing to renew your certification by retaking the Certification Exam or providing documentation of Alternative CPE's. Choose your option:
- Certification Exam
- Under Registration Information, make sure your address information is correct.
- Choose your shipping type for the updated reference material. If you do not wish to receive the books, please check the "Do not send me books" checkbox.
- Select your preferred method of payment.
- Once payment has been approved, the reference material will be shipped and you will be granted access to the certification renewal exam and two practice tests. You will have 4 months from the date your registration and payment are received to prepare and complete your proctored exam.
- **Please Note** If your certification expires prior to passing your renewal exam, your certified status on the GIAC website will temporarily expire. Once you successfully complete the renewal exam, your status will go back to active and you will retain your original analyst number.
- Alternative CPEs
- Under Registration Information, make sure your address information is correct.
- Choose your shipping type for the updated reference material. If you do not wish to receive the books, please check the "Do not send me books" checkbox.
- Select your preferred method of payment.
- Once payment has been approved, you can submit your renewal application and supporting documentation in the Certification History section of your GIAC Exam Engine. A link to "Submit CPE's" will appear next to the certification you've registered to renew.
- **Please Note ** The complete application and all supporting documentation must be submitted as a .zip file at the same time. For example, if you wish to renew your certification using 4 days (24 CPE) of training and 12 CPEs for work experience, please submit your application, certificate of completion for the training and information from your employer at the same time.
- **Please Note** It is your responsibility to submit your documentation before your certification expires; extensions to your deadline are not available for purchase. In order to ensure your application is received and reviewed before your deadline, we suggest submitting your paperwork at least 15 business days prior to your certification's expiration date.
- Certification Exam
GIAC CPEs vs. Other Programs Credit
Each credential granting body defines their own units of measure for continuing education and credential maintenance. The number of credits each organization requires varies greatly depending upon the credential, granting agency, and how the credits are defined, what activities are accepted, and the various categories or groupings used. Currently, there is no industry standard.
Like other organizations, GIAC chose to create its program to suit the community we serve. Therefore, there is no direct one-to-one mapping of GIAC CPEs to other organizations' units of continuing education, except for where explicitly specified in our policy.
Other organizations require more units, and thus award credit for less in-depth activities such as attending meetings, magazine subscriptions, listening to vendor presentations, etc. GIAC's CPEs are more focused units of measure, and we define one CPE as equivalent to one contact hour of intensive classroom training.
A total of 36 CPEs are required to renew a GIAC certification. If you hold multiple certifications, you will be required to earn 36 CPEs to renew each certification.


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Then in 1989, I was asked to work on the Eisenhower Centenary.
As he prepared to leave Kabul a few weeks ago, he was asked about comparisons to Eisenhower.
Here's one data point I learn from Jean Edward Smith's recent Eisenhower biography.
The alternative would have done Eisenhower real political damage when he did run for president in 1952.
Eisenhower's job, however, was as much diplomatic as military, and at that he excelled.
He was always an Eisenhower man, a Republican—and they argued between themselves the whole time.
In the end the matter had to be taken to General Eisenhower for resolution.
They put me in the category, I guess, along with General Eisenhower.
From General Eisenhower and his associates, I have had friendly and understanding collaboration in this endeavor.
General Eisenhower has faced this period of trial with admirable calm and resolution and with steadily increasing success.
surname, from German Eisenhauer, literally "iron-cutter, iron-hewer," "perhaps based on Fr. Taillefer" [George F. Jones, "German-American Names," 3rd ed., 2006].


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Henrique Rosset transformed his small shirt factory in the '30's into a today's largest manufacturer in Brazil. Comprised of Valisere, leader in the high-end lingerie segment and Cia Maritima, the largest producer of beachwear in the country.
Considered the hottest and most sought after swimwear line in Brazil, Cia.Maritima was launched by Benny Rosset in 1990. Benny, Henriques grandson, is known for his quiet demeanor, impeccable ethics and passion for the swimwear collection that is undoubtedly the most sophisticated found on the sultry beaches of Brazil. Click here to shop for the perfect CiaMaritima bikini.


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May 27 • Engineering Notes, Notes • 400 Views • 3 Comments on NETWORK PLANNING AND TOPOLOGY
Network Planning and Design is the most critical step in any network deployment and it provides the essential foundation for future network build. It is an iterative process encompassing network realization topological design and network synthesis.
The process is performed before the start of any new telecommunication network or service.
- Business planning
- Long-term and medium-term network planning
- Short-term network planning
- IT asset sourcing
- Operation and maintenance
The main steps of Network Planning and Design are:
- Topological design
- Network Synthesis
- Network realization
Where to place the component and how to connect them is determined by Topological Design. Cost of switching and the cost of transmission is also determined by this stage.
This stage is also known as "NONLINEAR OPTIMISATION". Required GOS(grade of service), size of the component used is determined by this stage. And this information is use to calculate routing plan and size of component.
This step is use to determine the information relating to reliability, cost and demand. which is use to calculate an actual physical circuit plan. It is also known as "Multicommodity Flow Optimisation".
Network Topology plays an important role in any network setup and without network topology network can not be established .
There are two topology in wireless network:
- Infrastructure Topology
- Ad Hoc Topology
There is a wireless central device in a INFRASTRUCTURE topology technically known as Wireless Access Point (WAP). It is a spoke and hub topology. With all other computers connecting to it , the WAP acts as the hub in the network.
Nowadays WAP support IEEE 802.11 b/g/n wireless standard that provide data transfer speed of up to 11/54/100+ Mbps respectively at the frequency of 2.4 GHz. So, wireless nodes enhanced transfer speed in this topology and exploit the wireless devices at their full.
Many to many or multipoint to multipoint topology is Ad hoc wireless network topology. There is no central access point in the Ad hoc network topology so, it can be implemented without WAPs and all wireless devices are directly connected to all other wireless devices. These Topologies are essentially mesh networks.
As compare to Infrastructure Topology Ad hoc Topology are easier to configure and cheaper to implement. The transfer speed of Ad hoc topology do not exceed 11 Mbps. This topology allows administrator to configure Wired Equivalent privacy or WEP security
Cellular Topology does not require any cable connection. It is applicable only in case of wireless media where geographical area is divided into cells or regions.
Each cell represents a portion of the total network area. Devices which are present in a cell communicate through a central hub. And these hubs in different cells are interconnected . they route data across the network and provide a complete network infrastructure. The data is transmitted in the cellular digital packet data (CDPD) format.
- What are the main steps in network planning and design??
There are three main steps in network planning design and these are the steps
- Topological design
- Network synthesis
- Network realization 2. What is the between infrastructure and Ad hoc wireless network topologies??
- Infrastructure Topology has central access point WAP where as in Ad hoc Topology there is no central access point.
- Infrastructure topology having the higher network speed and stronger security as compare to Ad hoc Topology
- Infrastructure topology is typically used for permanent network where as Ad hoc Topology is used for temporary network. 3. What are the advantages of cellular topology??
- It is so flexible
- It is easy to install
- It does not need any reconfiguration 4. What are the disadvantages of cellular topology??
It requires a central station and satellite communication links for each cell so, it is very expensive to set up.
Related posts:
Long-term and medium-term network planningNetwork planningNETWORK SYNTHESISnetwork topologyShort-term network planningTOPOLOGICAL DESIGN
Related Posts
About the Author: Fauzia Neshat
3 Responses to NETWORK PLANNING AND TOPOLOGY
- Rachita Mishra says:
Network planning and design is an iterative process, encompassing topological design, network-synthesis, and network-realization, and is aimed at ensuring that a new network or service meets the needs of the subscriber and operator.Important for electrical students
- Hardik Sanghvi says:
this article help a lot in network realisation
- Shilpa Ranjan says:
Network Topology is one of the major paper of electrical branch.This post contains some related questions with answer and explains the important concepts of network in detail. Also explained in detail about the AD HOC , Infrastructure & cellular topology in detail.Going through the post can be helpful !!!


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The Orioles have signed 17 year-old Korean lefty Kim Sung-min, according to Eduardo Encina of the Baltimore Sun.
Encina provided a brief scouting report on Sung-min in his report:
His fastball tops off at 90 but usually hits the high 80s. His 12-to-6 curveball is well above average — especially for his age — as is his change up. The team expects him to progress with age.


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Tournament of Bands
Welcome to the 2009 Tournament of Bands pageThe Pride of New Mexico is proud to present the thirty-second annual Tournament of Bands!
Saturday, October 31, 2009
Preliminaries……………………………………….. 8:00A.M. – 6:00 P.M.
Finals………………………………………………….7:30 P.M – 11:00 P.M.
TOB '09 is being held at Aggie Memorial Stadium and is hosted by:
New Mexico State University and the
PRIDE of New Mexico Marching Band
Tickets: $12 Adults, $6 Children (age 6-12), age 6 and under is FREE!
Tickets available at the gate the day of the competition.
Click on the following links for more information about:
- TOB Schedule of Events
- Click here-to find out which band is performing RIGHT NOW!!!
- 2009 Clinicians
- 2009 Videos of the PRIDE Half-Time Shows
- Pride Images
- Final Placements and Awards
The Thirty-Second Annual New Mexico State University Tournament of Bands is sponsored by:
Roberto's Mexico Restaurant
Advanced Target Marketing, INC.


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Aunt Lainey
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Please bear in mind that some of the memorials are not for my family members. I also like helping those who cannot visit their family members in person by taking pictures for them in the area in which I live. If at any time someone is in disagreement with the pictures I have posted on a memorial page please let me know and I will remove them. Also if you have more information to post to a memorial I have created, send it to me and I'll add it or I'll transfer the memorial page. Photos taken by me for Find A Grave may be considered public domain and you are most welcome to use them.
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Vance Pollock
Reba Pollock Marshall
Aunt Lainey, I was searching for any reference to Reba Pollock who married James Clinton Marshall and lived in Macon, GA when I found a post by Elaine Wiles from way back in '05. I hope this message gets thru to you. I know who she was and can put you in touch with some nieces, but would really like to find some of her immediate family. Be in touch, Vance.
Added by
Vance Pollock
on Dec 08, 2013 11:09 PM
Sylvia Gay Scott
Lancaster Cemetery
Hello Aunt Laniey,
It is me Sylvia Gay Scott, again.
The wonderful person noted as Seerenity on this site has done amazing research. I did as you suggested and went to the ancestory.com web site even better I found out that my sister has been doing research for some time. The point is, Seerenity has the whole incredible tree of the Lancasters and this site is the one I wanted to find 40 years ago. With Seerenity's caculation Nancy lancaster would be my Grandmother, Cora Lee Lancasters 3rd Great grandmother and would be my 5th. Seerenity has full documation and I have looked at the Census as well. The Date on the William Lancaster Memorial #67811822 may be March 7th 1814 instead of 1848 could you verify this for me please? Also please email me at firstname.lastname@example.com. I really want to go to this site and take my mother. We did go to Hopewell in Rhine. If you feel that this location might get damaged by giving out this information to me I do understand and will find it own my own, is will just take me longer. With so many uncaring generations out there I cannot believe that it has survived this long. One more question, is there more than 3 graves in this cemetery?
Thank you for your kindness Sylvia Gay Scott
Added by
Sylvia Gay Scott
on Jun 03, 2013 2:54 AM
Perry L
Lilla Belle Stewart, #69258993
Hi Aunt Lainey,
Check out subject memorial. The surname is incorrectly entered as "Wood" vs "Wynne".
Thanks for finding this grave.
Perry L
Added by
Perry L
on Jun 01, 2013 11:05 AM
Sylvia Gay Scott
RE: Lancaster History
Hi, Aunt Lainey,
I will be coming home on Sunday, May 19 to see my mother and we may make the trip to Hawkinsville from her home in Vidalia, Ga. Could you please tell me how to get to this one. I really think this is the one. Only because it is hard to find and My grandma Cora said is would be and he W. Lancaster was in service RW. I am good with directions if you would not mind directing me. Thank you so very much for responding to my questions. Sylvia Gay Scott
Added by
Sylvia Gay Scott
on May 16, 2013 10:48 AM
Sylvia Gay Scott
RE: Lancaster History
Hi. No message has come through yet. Thank you for your time. Sylvia Gay Scott
Added by
Sylvia Gay Scott
on May 14, 2013 10:55 AM
Sylvia Gay Scott
Lancaster History
Are you part of the Lancaster Family? I would love more information. I may have some history in a old bible I will look.
I am Sylvia Gay Scott I live near Raleigh NC
My mother is Sylvia Jeanette Jones Scott She lives in Georgia
Her Mother was Cora Lee Lancaster Jones She lived in Mt. Vernon Ga.
My Grandmother, Cora, told me some of the family history and one thing I remembered was that if I wanted to be part of the Daughters of the American Revolution that I would need to find a grave and it was in a small forest like place and we would need to hunt for it. Sadly, as most things, we never did look. I believe you have posted what I would never have found. WILLIAM LANCASTER. On the grave it looks like March 9th, 1814 was this his birth date? He would be my Grandfather I am not sure how many times Great he would be. Thank You again for all of your timeless efforts. Sincerely Sylvia Gay Scott
Added by
Sylvia Gay Scott
on May 08, 2013 9:04 AM
David Crenshaw
Meredith S Crenshaw and Cornelia Dixon Gardner Crenshaw
Just want to say thank you to you for posting the pictures of Meredith and Cornelia Crenshaw in Pipkin Cemetery. Meredith was my 2nd Great Grand Uncle.
Dave Crenshaw
Added by
David Crenshaw
on Apr 12, 2013 11:38 AM
Rhunae Helms Cross
RE: Helen S. Druitt surname record error
Thank you so much for your immediate attention.
Added by
Rhunae Helms Cross
on Mar 27, 2013 11:24 AM
Rhunae Helms Cross
Helen S. Druitt surname record error
I have already emailed regarding this error: the surname is misspelled. It should be Helen S. Pruitt or Helen Stewart Pruitt. I am just trying another avenue, not knowing exactly how to accomplish this. Thank you for you attention and for all the work that goes into this endeavor.
Added by
Rhunae Helms Cross
on Mar 26, 2013 12:02 AM
Capt Norman McDuffie
I have just linked his son Moses D McDuffie (8961756) to Capt Norman McDuffie (69542832). Need to contact any living descendants of Moses in or near Longview Texas.
f a m h i s t s l e u t h
g m a i l dott n e t
Added by
on Oct 07, 2012 10:34 AM
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