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Newspaper Publisher, Students Honored
for immediate release May 6, 1998Abilene Reporter-News publisher Frank Puckett and seven Abilene Christian University students were inducted into the journalism and mass communication national honor society Kappa Tau Alpha Thursday, April 30.
The ceremony was during a special chapel service at 11 a.m. in ACU's Chapel on the Hill.
The ACU chapter of the honor society traditionally selects one or more local media professionals to induct as honorary members each year. Puckett is the chief executive officer of the Reporter-Publishing Company which publishes the Abilene Reporter-News and a number of other local publications in and around Abilene. The company was the flagship of Harte-Hanks Communications, a worldwide communications company, until late in 1997 when the Scripps Howard Company purchased the newspaper division based in Cincinnati, Ohio. Before joining Harte-Hanks Communications in 1977, he earned a journalism/mass communication degree from Indiana University, and he was publisher of privately held newspapers in Indiana and Illinois.
At Harte-Hanks, Puckett served as publisher in Ohio and New Jersey before moving to Texas. He was president of the western region of Harte-Hank newspapers with multi-unit responsibilities including Abilene, San Angelo, Bryan-College Station, Big Spring and some New Mexico properties. He has served three years as chairman of Harte-Hanks corporatewide quality program; has coordinated circulation for all Harte-Hank newspapers; and has served as advertising liaison with Sears Roebuck for all newspapers.
Puckett has been involved in civic and industry service with Texas Daily Newspaper Association, Abilene Chamber of Commerce, ACT-NOW!, Abilene Industrial Foundation, United Way, Abilene Community Foundation and West Texas Rehabilitation Center. Voted as Outstanding Citizen in Abilene in 1991, he also was voted Outstanding Citizen for Strategic Air Command and Mobility Air Command of the Air Force.
The seven undergraduate inductees are Brittany Huckabee, junior broadcast production major from Abilene; Nathaniel Jones, senior broadcast journalism major from Abilene; Holly Rosser, junior broadcast journalism major from Allen; Gabe Waggoner, senior broadcast journalism major from Clyde; Chris Brush, junior electronic media major from Garland; Ann Marie Lim, broadcast production major from Singapore; and Jamie Ballard, senior advertising/public relations major from Fort Worth.
Faculty members, who will march in academic regalia, will also distribute certificates to the student scholars who had 4.0 grade point averages in the fall 1997 semester and to those who earned the top grade in summer and fall 1997 mass communication classes.
Kappa Tau Alpha honors juniors and seniors in the top 10 percent of their class and exemplary graduate students. The organization's name means "truth will prevail," and members vow to uphold the principles of responsible, accurate journalism.
If you are a member of the media who would like more information about this release, please contact Malissa Endsley, director of media relations, at firstname.lastname@example.com or call 915-674-2692.


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Photo: Jaron Daugherty from Google discusses Google Plus at the Coronado Library Winn room.
Last Thursday, Google came to Coronado to speak to local businesses about their free services Google Places and Google Plus. About 25 businesses were in attendance at the Coronado Library Winn room. Google reps Jaron Daugherty and Ricardo Lopez led the presentation and spend about 90 minutes covering the benefits of both Google Places and Google Plus.
The event allowed attendees to learn more and ask questions about how to make these services work for their business. Jaron went into detail on how to sign up and claim your business on Google Places as well as how to set up a Google Plus page specifically for your business.
After the presentation, attendees were able to get 1-on-1 help for their business and work directly on their listings using the Wi-Fi in the Winn room.
For more information, visit these links or watch the video below:
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This spring, treat the family with a luxurious Ireland vacation at a 5-star resort, while saving as much as $700 compared with booking air and hotel separately.
This $899-per-person trip based on four travelers features:
Depart from New York City select dates March 1 - June 6 (other gateways are slightly higher). Flights into Shannon are also available from New York and Boston.
The acclaimed resort is a two-hour scenic drive from Dublin and boasts an 18-hole championship golf course, fine dining, horseback riding, fishing and spa services. Attractions such as the Cliffs of Moher, the Ring of Kerry and Blarney Castle are a one-hour drive from the resort.
For $100 more per person, make it an eight-night vacation and stay at the Academy Plaza Hotel in Dublin with extended car rental.
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Please go to your email and confirm your subscription.


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Roger Katz | September 6, 2013 | Comments
What does it mean for brands marketing on Facebook?
Last week, Facebook announced some changes to its policies for running promotions (campaigns that require entry, registration, elements of chance, giveaways, etc.) on its platform. Contests and sweepstakes are a mainstay of social brand engagement, so these changes are of interest to all brands marketing on Facebook.
A quick rundown:
These promotions policy changes are designed to help businesses deliver "quick and easy" promotions, without the effort required to build and deploy a fully branded engagement app experience. An example Facebook provided suggested that a corner bar could, for example, put out a quick post with a photo, and say: "Help us name this cocktail; favorite name wins a free drink Friday night." Fans come up with cool names, posted as comments, and the bar staff gets to pick the winner by reading comments. (Facebook does, however, note that businesses must comply with all applicable laws, and this example may fall foul of alcohol-as-a-prize restrictions.)
How should brands, therefore, make the decision whether to administer a promotion through a page post on their timeline, or through an engagement app?
Both have merits.
Running promotions through posts are perfect vehicles for light-touch engagement and offer excellent fodder for promotional post ads that can reach a business' entire fanbase. These kinds of promotional posts, however, have a relatively short "shelf" life, because they'll scroll off the newsfeed pretty quickly, so they are best suited to quick, minimum day duration projects. To keep the promotion alive, businesses would be advised to keep reposting the post and/or paying to increase reach.
Conversely, running promotions through an on-site Facebook engagement app or a Facebook-powered off-site experience allows brands to build a more fully personalized, branded experience. There's more space for content, and brands can collect data such as emails and other opt-in information in a secure and structured way that makes follow-up easy. This is particularly important to larger brands that need to administer promotions where participation comes with multiple thousands of entries.
In-app promotions are also better suited for longer-term promotions such as a multi-week campaign building up to a seasonal launch. These promotions can be dynamically updated with new prizes, can offer "instant win" prizes, and the chance for fans to "unlock" prizes with in-app quizzes and challenges that both entertain and inform. Running promotions through apps also allows fans to invite friends to participate via app invite mechanisms while app notifications can be used to inform opt-in fans of new quiz questions or new daily prizes. All of these types of features are better suited to more in-depth engagement demanded by larger brands marketing on Facebook.
So a quick summary:
Page/post-based promotions are ideal for:
In-app promotions are ideal for:
These promotion policy changes have correctly addressed requests, strongly made by small businesses in particular, to have more flexibility and freedom to run quick and easy promotions. For more demanding brands, in-app promotions offer stickier, deeper engagement, with valuable opportunities for putting brands into the social conversation between friends.
Roger Katz is the CEO and founder of Friend2Friend, a social media technology and solutions company that works with global brands and media agencies. Launched in 2007, Friend2Friend works with over 100 global brands through its offices in San Francisco, New York, Los Angeles, and Barcelona, Spain. During Roger's 20 years working in marketing, strategy, and social media, his career has included management and consulting roles at companies such as Photobucket, Agilent, Brocade, Quantum, Bell Labs, and Pacific Community Ventures, as well as a number of startups. Behind his marketing mind lies deep engineering expertise. He has engineering degrees from Michigan State and UC Berkeley and an MBA from Wharton. He's a cycling fanatic, aspiring guitarist, and (slow) swimmer.
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Description of Major
This major educates students about the different cultures, various periods of time and particular forms of art, such as painting, sculpture, printmaking, architecture, design or the decorative arts.
For more information on studying Art History: click here
Employment Opportunities
Graduates are prepared for a wide range of positions in business, government agencies, and nonprofit organizations. A variety of jobs are available for art history graduates, including:


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Phone: (916) 570-2740 | Fax: (916) 570-2744
555 University Avenue, Suite 275, Sacramento CA 95825
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555 University Avenue, Suite 275, Sacramento CA 95825
3741 Douglas Boulevard, Suite 320, Roseville, CA 95661
Big firm quality, Small firm charm
Estate planning covers all aspects relating to the transfer of assets at death as well ensuring that assets can be properly managed for our clients' benefit during any period of incapacity.
In advising our clients regarding their estate planning options, we pay close attention to the clients' desires for transferring their assets in a manner that is most in line with the unique goals they have for their particular families. These goals may include protecting assets from a wayward child, ensuring that assets are preserved for third and fourth generations, leaving assets to charities and ensuring that precautions are put in place to minimize the eventual costs inherent in taxes and administration of an estate.
The vast majority of our clients receive maximum benefit from utilizing a trust-based estate plan, in which a revocable trust helps to protect an estate from our state's lengthy and costly probate process and preserve a couple's two available federal estate tax exemptions. At the most basic level, proper estate planning also includes preparation of durable general powers of attorney and advance health care directives. More advanced techniques include the utilization of irrevocable trusts, grantor retained annuity trusts (GRATs), qualified personal residence trusts (QPRTs), family limited partnerships (FLPs), charitable remainder trusts (CRTs), and irrevocable life insurance trusts (ILITs).
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Justin Harris uses a leaf blower on Sunday to remove debris from a car destroyed by a tree that fell in a storm that hit the town of Pendleton early Saturday morning.
Doc Weber of Liberty casts his line into Hartwell Lake from a section of shoreline alongside Pike Road in Central on Sunday. Floodwater submerged a section of nearby Old Jewel Bridge Road which is now closed.
Justin Harris cuts up limbs of a tree that fell and destroyed a car on Pendleton Road in Pendleton on Sunday. A storm early Saturday morning forced several trees down and flooded some areas of the town.
Old Jewel Bridge Road in Central is closed due to flooding on the road.


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epispadias cloacal exstrophy complex
Eversion bladder is what causes it?
(A) etiology
On the etiology of bladder eversion, the current multi-embryonic development that occurs due to the error, rather than a certain stage of development of the pause, because the human embryos usually do not undergo bladder eversion stage.
(B) of the pathogenesis
Valgus deformity of the bladder is based on the embryology of the abnormal development of the cloacal membrane, impeding the Department of mesoderm tissue shift to the center so that the next developmental disorders abdominal wall. Cloacal membrane rupture defect, the formation of various forms of bladder eversion and hypospadias (Figure 1).
Figure 2 bladder eversion (Schematic)
Bladder valgus deformities, mostly compound, a common deformity is associated with epispadias and cloacal eversion. Because the bladder and urethra is homologous in the embryonic development with the Department, the most common abnormality is the urinary bladder eversion compound - epispadias.
In addition, some patients only the development of abdominal wall defects in skeletal muscle, and urinary tract development is complete, a condition called pseudo-bladder eversion (pseudo exstrophy); main characteristics of the umbilical cord is too long, umbilical low rectal muscle dispersed attached to the pubic bone (Figure 2).
What are the performance and eversion bladder diagnosed?
One. Symptoms
Bladder eversion is rare, the majority of children at an early age because of urinary tract infections and death row aisle. Some children with abdominal wall defects, bladder eversion nudity, color red, extremely sensitive, easy bruising bleeding, shows bilateral ureteral orifice slightly raised paroxysmal urination, underwear wet stains, with the urine smell, lower abdominal wall, perineum, inner thighs, the skin may appear dermatitis or eczema. Eversion of bladder size vary widely. Early bladder smooth valgus may be due to long-term exposure, mechanical friction and the formation of villi, polyps, or squamous metaplasia occurs, the bladder wall thickening due to detrusor fibrosis and hardening.
II. Diagnostics
According to patients symptoms and signs can be confirmed:
1. Children underwear wet stains, with the urine smell, Changcheng swinging gait.
2. The next part of abdominal wall defects, bladder eversion, bright red, sensitive, easy bleeding, ureter mouth exposed, burst bladder, pubic symphysis separation.
3. Boys with epispadias, penis; girl clitoris, labia minora anterior commissure separation.
4. Associated with upper urinary tract or other organs of the body deformities.
5. Rule out pseudo bladder eversion urinary bladder eversion on the crack or repeated.
What should be done bladder eversion check?
1. Plain film: pelvic dysplasia, pubic symphysis completely separate, separate, and sacral width width of about equivalent to the pelvis open horseshoe, the two femoral external rotation.
2. Urography:
It should be noted with malformations, intravenous urography do understand the situation on the urinary tract, B-ultrasound kidneys, ureter have deformities. Renal nuclide scan, the renal function, renal blood flow. Conduct a comprehensive inspection to see whether the normal heart and lung function.
The diseases of bladder eversion easily confused?
False bladder eversion: This is complete epispadias plus bladder prolapse. The umbilicus position is low, the rectus abdominis split from the umbilical, attached to the separation of the pubic bone, bladder, like highlights from the split of the rectus abdominal hernia, but the urinary tract is normal.
What can be complicated by hallux valgus bladder disease?
Abdominal muscle abnormalities in children may be due to concurrent inguinal hernia; for pubic symphysis separation, pelvic abnormalities occur or femoral dislocation of the hip external rotation, rocking gait of children were walking. Bladder eversion may be associated with spina bifida in children, Tixing kidney, cleft lip, cleft palate, anus forward, atresia, rectal prolapse and other deformities.
Male penis growth in children is poor, varying degrees of epispadias, flat glans, the foreskin accumulation in the ventral. Separated by more combined penis penis bend, so penis. May be associated with cryptorchidism. Separation of female clitoris, labia minora anterior commissure on both sides of the belly of the line separation, vaginal opening forward. Fertile, flat prone to postpartum uterine prolapse. There are long-term complications of bladder eversion vesicoureteral reflux, recurrent urinary system infection and stones.
Eversion of the bladder anterior wall of the bladder and the anterior abdominal wall defects, bladder mucosa of the posterior wall of the abdominal wall skin edge and connected, then the posterior wall of the abdominal wall defect in the fontanel. Bright red color of the exposed bladder mucosa, easy bruising bleeding, accompanied by pain, and because of chronic inflammation and long-term mechanical stimulation, can epithelial degeneration, and even malignant transformation. Slightly higher in the posterior wall can still see the urine from the ureteral orifice have intermittent spray. Regular urine soaked the surrounding skin, causing dermatitis or eczema. Most of the sick child at an early age because of urinary tract infections and death row aisle. Almost all bladder eversion combined epispadias and pubic symphysis separation, or with hip dislocation.
How to prevent bladder eversion?
Prevention of common sense:
All surgical repair of this disease and surgery, aims to restore anatomical form and protection of renal function, control urination. However, many surgical procedures, and according to their age and physical condition of step by step. Therefore, in addition to surgery as soon as possible, but also can not ignore the complexity of the procedure and the possibility of failure, the parents should be mentally prepared, in close cooperation with the care, strengthening the observation and care. Even if the operation is successful, follow-up review must also pay attention to whether the upper urinary tract dilatation, reflux or infection. Another of the disease and 10% of children suffering from urinary incontinence can not control or operation because of failure to be done to urinary diversion surgery.
Bladder eversion should be treated?
(A) treatment
Treatment aims to protect renal function, urinary control, repair the bladder, abdominal wall and genitalia. Surgical repair of female than males.
Fibrosis of the bladder wall and bladder wall edema long-term exposure and chronic inflammation, it should be done within 72h after birth simply turn the bladder suture. If not for the pelvic osteotomy can be put back in the bladder after pelvic fascia and the pubis midline suture fiber cartilage tissue. If too wide spacing of the pubic symphysis, it is estimated not suture, the surgery postponed until 7 to 10 days after birth for the pelvic osteotomy and varus bladder suture. After the initial successful closure of the urinary bladder capacity and control is very important. Suture should be turned in the bladder fistula indwelling bladder 3 to 4 weeks, without urethral stent was placed, 3 to 4 weeks after application of traction to prevent wound dehiscence Bryant. Such as the children recovered well, to 1.5 to 2.5 years of age in the measurement of bladder capacity under anesthesia, such as the bladder capacity of more than 60ml, which can repair the bladder neck and epispadias, such as the capacity of 40ml the following, only the repair epispadias, so that increase capacity to 3 to 5 years old and then repair the bladder neck. In the repair epispadias 5 weeks before the intramuscular injection of testosterone propionate (testosterone propionate) 2mg/kg, make penis enlargement, this effect disappeared 4 weeks after surgery. Application of Young-Dees-Leadbetter bladder neck surgical repair may need intermittent catheterization.
Be followed up cases of upper urinary tract surgery, with or without reflux, obstruction and urine emptying. Review after 4 months of intravenous urography and voiding cystography to detect whether the upper urinary tract dilatation, reflux and presence of residual infection. Check the flow rate of bladder neck repair can help diagnose urinary bladder emptying without obstruction.
If the bladder capacity of small children, older children or surgery, patients still can not control urination, need to consider bladder augmentation or change the flow control urinary tract surgery.
Complicated by postpartum women with uterine prolapse, because the vagina to be shallow, weak pelvic floor, bladder neck surgery and had received the best post-cesarean section appears to prevent urinary incontinence.
(B) prognosis
If not treated 2 / 3 of cases before the age of 20 died of hydronephrosis and urinary tract infections. Short-term postoperative complications included urethral fistula, urethral stricture, and skin breakdown. Lapor and Jeffs (1983) reported 22 cases restored by function, 18 patients (86%) to control urination. Yerkes and other 53 cases (35 cases and 18 cases of typical valgus bladder epispadias) after long-term follow-up results showed that 18 cases of bladder control can be good, but 72% had poor bladder emptying due to a series of complications , including 10 cases of urinary tract infection, epididymitis in 2 cases and 4 cases of bladder stones. Pelvic osteotomy recurrence of pubic symphysis separation could occur, Ozcan et al (2000), 10 patients were followed up for 14.8 ~ 49.5 months (mean 34.6 months), 9 cases were recurrence of pubic symphysis separation occurred.
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Anatomy of the bladder
Bladder cancer is the most common cancer in developed countries or regions have a higher prevalence. Abroad, the incidence of bladder cancer in the male urinary and reproductive system cancers after prostate cancer, ranking No. 2; in the country accounted for first place, and there is increasing trend in recent years. Bladder wall from the inside out into mucosa, submucosa and muscular layer. In the muscular layer of fat outside the cell into the bladder tissue and cover the top? Department of the membrane. The bladder wall can be divided into triangle, triangle after the area, neck, sides and anterior wall. Connection between the ureteral orifice bottom line for the triangle. Triangle is a major part of the bladder lumen. Most bladder cancer occurs in the triangle, both sides of the wall and neck. Detrusor muscle and bladder by the triangle formed by the muscle, the detrusor smooth muscle fibers to each successive cross-network structure, muscle fibers were arranged into three layers: the inner and outer longitudinal muscle system, the middle is a circular muscle. The arterial supply of the bladder from the internal iliac artery branches sent the upper and lower artery, obturator artery and the pudendal artery branches. Bladder venous plexus around the base of the bladder, is the largest pelvic venous plexus. In men, the venous plexus around the bladder and prostate, collecting bladder, prostate, seminal vesicles and vas deferens of the venous blood flow back into the internal iliac vein; in women, to collect the bladder, urethra and vagina of the blood into the iliac vein. Bladder lymphatic flow to the iliac, internal iliac and sacral lymph nodes.
Introduction to Bladder Cancer
I. Overview
Urinary bladder cancer is the most common reproductive system cancer tumor, the incidence was increasing in recent years. Epithelial tumors in the urinary tract, bladder tumors account for the highest incidence.
Second, the pathological
Bladder cancer can be divided into two categories, namely, from non-epithelial tissue epithelial tissue and tumors.
1. Epithelial tissue from the tumor, including transitional cell tumor, adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, 98% of bladder tumors from epithelial tissues, including transitional cell tumors account for 95%.
(1) transitional cell tumors: including carcinoma in situ, papilloma, papillary carcinoma and solid carcinoma. The latter two also appear in a tumor, known as papillary solid carcinoma. This classification is for clinical application, but the tumor biological behavior, they're all at different stages of a disease or at the beginning of the continuous development alone when there is a very contentious issue.
a. Carcinoma in situ, is a special transitional epithelial tumors confined to the start of transitional epithelium, which formed slightly protruding villous red pieces, do not infringe the basement membrane, but the poorly differentiated cells, loss of adhesion between cells, so cells easily fall off, and easy to check from the urine. Difficult to predict the natural course of carcinoma in situ, and some long-term asymptomatic, does not appear invasion, some developed very quickly to the development of invasive carcinoma in situ of the time normally takes 1 year to 5 years, 20 years, and it was felt There are two forms of carcinoma in situ represents an invasive ability of carcinoma of the predecessor entities, but no infiltration capacity of another, called the contradiction cancer, is relatively benign.
b. Papilloma is a benign tumor seen histologically normal bladder mucosa from the source, as plants like broke into the bladder, with a slender pedicle, which shows clearly the center of fibrous tissue and vascular bundles. The characteristics of papilloma recurrence, the recurrence rate was 60% within 5 years, 48.6% of them relapsed more than twice. Necessary after cystoscopy followed up regularly.
c. Papillary carcinoma, transitional cell tumors in the most common. Pathological feature is the integration of the nipple chunky, not smooth the surface of tumor, necrosis, or a calcium calm, tumor basal pedicle width or chunky. Sometimes, such as small papillary carcinoma or long fist, but still retain a pedicle, on the other parts of the non-invasive. Although this form is rare, it should be noted, in order to avoid unnecessary radical cystectomy.
d. Solid carcinoma, transitional cell tumors in the most vicious, uneven surface, no obvious nipple formation, collapse of the surface of tumor material, the high edge of collapse material, the surface of nodular early to the depths of the infiltration, it is also known as the infiltration carcinoma. A variety of transitional cell bladder transitional epithelium may occur in different situations, in simple epithelial hyperplasia without epithelial dysplasia to the development of cases for the superficial papilloma; as hyperplasia and dysplasia can be developed simultaneously highly malignant papillary carcinoma; if simple hyperplasia without dysplasia, flat carcinoma in situ may develop into transitional cell bladder cancer recurrence is a recurrence of the problem or tell sometimes Shennan new tumors. The so-called relapse, there may be three reasons:
â' continue to suffer from urinary bladder epithelium of the carcinogenic substances, reflecting the instability of the bladder epithelium and has a potential range of epithelial changes;
â'¡ recurrence often appears in the top of the bladder or bladder incision, indicating that the tumor cells because of the free cultivation;
â'¢ the original tumor is not removed or left clean and that the tumor is not the naked eye.
(2) adenocarcinoma: also known as adenoid carcinoma, mucinous adenocarcinoma or signet ring cell carcinoma of the bladder tumor is rare. Bladder cancer more common in the triangle and the top of the wall. Adenocarcinoma of the bladder often originated in triangular glandular cystic cystitis or bladder inflammation. The glandular and cystic cystitis related to the development and cloaca, as in the embryonic period, separating the urogenital sinus cloaca and rectum, if the intestinal mucosa at the dividing line was left at the side of the urogenital sinus, the future may appear, and glandular epithelium may occur, or cystic glandular cystitis. Also caused by chronic stimulation of the glandular metaplasia of transitional epithelium. Adenocarcinoma at the top of the bladder urachal remnants of origin, location hidden symptoms often have been to late. Metastatic adenocarcinoma of the bladder can also occur, may come from the rectum, stomach, endometrial, ovarian, breast or prostate cancer such as primary, of course, very rare, autopsy reports in 5000 accounted for 0.26%.
(3) squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder: are rare, Taiwan has 12 reports of bladder cancer accounts for 0.58% to 5.55%. Bladder transitional epithelium in a variety of stimuli can be as squamous metaplasia. There are reports that focal squamous metaplasia of 60%, but the main is still transitional cell carcinoma, and only appeared in the same tumor pathology departments only when a diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma. Many domestic bladder stone associated with bladder cancer reported. In general, squamous cell carcinoma of bladder transitional cell carcinoma than in high malignancy, the development of fast, deep invasion, poor prognosis.
Clinical manifestations of bladder cancer
1, no obvious early symptoms.
2, late hematuria, urinary frequency, dysuria, or urinary obstruction, dysuria;
3, there urinary retention, weight loss, loss of appetite; abdomen, back pain, persistent fever, anemia.
Bladder cancer risk factors
1. Chemical carcinogens: long-term exposure to the types of aromatic substances, such as dyes, leather, rubber, painters and so on.
2. Endogenous tryptophan metabolism in bladder cancer relationship may consider the normal metabolism of tryptophan accumulation of the intermediate metabolites belong to the o-amino phenol hydroxyl.
3. Smokers than non-smokers the risk of bladder cancer 4 times as large, because tobacco contains specific carcinogen.
4. Have done things radiotherapy or alkylating chemotherapy crowd.
5. Salted and smoked meat consumption may be associated with bladder cancer. Caffeine, saccharin and other consumption is associated with it.
6. Long-term use can increase the analgesic phenacetin rate of occurrence of cancer. Parasitic disease, chronic bladder infections, viral infections, and so on.
Bladder Cancer Important
1. Urinary bladder cancer is the most common cancer, the incidence increased significantly in recent years, a good age at 50 to 70 years old, male to female ratio was 4 ︰ 1.
2. Gross hematuria ﹑ ﹑ bladder irritation is the main symptoms.
3.90% of bladder cancer is transitional cell carcinoma, a small number of squamous cell carcinoma ﹑.
4. Local recurrence of bladder cancer recurrence several characteristics common liver metastasis lung ﹑ ﹑ ﹑ dirty bone.
5. Because the anatomical characteristics of the bladder, the local treatment of bladder cancer successfully completed easily, so the effective systemic treatment to prevent recurrence of bladder cancer is the focus of clinical study, most comprehensive treatment can be long-term survival of early bladder cancer.
6. Bladder cancer is the local performance of systemic disease, early detection of specific anti-cancer ﹑ ﹑ ﹑ comprehensive treatment ﹑ individual treatment of systemic administration is the basic principle of treatment of bladder cancer should be treated consistently throughout.
7. Good postoperative care, daily local wound cleansing and disinfection to maintain voiding ﹑ ﹑ ﹑ active exercise to prevent urinary tract infection, urinary function, urinary difficulties encountered when admitted to the hospital, active treatment.
8. The first 2 years review once every 3 months urine ﹑ ﹑ B-CT, if necessary, for cystoscopy.
9. Treatment plan should be detailed in the understanding of patient's condition, including the radiation dose ﹑ ﹑ voiding function operation time to develop and implement scientific and effective treatment, most patients with bladder cancer resulted in higher long-term effect.
10. Prognostic classification of tumors and clinical stage ﹑ ﹑ ﹑ whether the multiple tumor histological grade and whether the road obstructive urinary diseases related to 5-year survival rates of different stages were T1, is 63%; T2 of 21% ; T3 period is 10%; T4 period is 0%.
Simple method to detect early bladder cancer
A study from the United Kingdom, on the urine of a cancer-related protein was detected urine test may be better than the conventional detection of bladder cancer. Soeber University College London and colleagues in the JNatlCancerIt (2002,94:1071) reported on the study.
Currently, inspectors mainly by means of cytology, which look for abnormal cells in the urine method for diagnosis of bladder cancer. Cytology is often easy to have a large number of abnormal cells detected in well-differentiated tumors, but the detection rate of poorly differentiated tumor is not high, because in this period, the number of abnormal cells is very small. Cystoscopy is the gold standard for diagnosis of bladder cancer. However, Stoeber so that cystoscopy is invasive operation, and check the high cost, many patients with atypical symptoms of urinary tract may be unnecessary to accept cystoscopy. Stoeber new methods such as micro-chromosome designed to detect urinary protein 5 (Mcm5) level. Stoeber's group has found that cancer cells have abnormal expression of proteins in this series.
Of all the urine samples are accepted cytology. In the urine of patients leave within 12 hours after receiving the upper urinary tract imaging and cystoscopy. Cytology test in the detection and Mcm5 checkpoint with the same specificity, Mcm5 than urine cytology test has a more significant statistical sensitivity (73% vs 48%). The detection limit in the study, in 353 patients showed similar symptoms of bladder cancer patients, the researchers detected by Mcm5 92% and recurrence of bladder cancer cases. However, the report noted, Mcm5 detect the same 22% of the false positive rate. Stoeber so that the accuracy rate in this level, the detection means can detect early stage bladder cancer. In addition, they said that this method can also be used to detect well-differentiated tumors. Stoeber said: "This detection method can detect various stages of differentiation of various degrees of bladder cancer, even those who missed the tumor by urine cytology. The study one of the most important result is that the protein in the bladder can be achieved early diagnosis of cancer. "Although the study of bladder cancer, Stoeber's team found Mcm5 Another advantage of testing: study of 12 patients were eventually diagnosed with prostate cancer, they also have Mcm5 of urine increased.
Researchers believe that this method has applied to the detection possibility of other types of tumors.
Bladder cancer based care
Bladder cancer patients to pay special attention to the diet, exercise control of the new urinary bladder capacity, after the short term, may be due to urethral sphincter bladder capacity is small or parts of edema and function of the affected and other reasons, appear more times urination, urinary poor, even the case of urinary incontinence. Should be more water, adhere to the levator ani or anal contraction exercise to exercise urethral sphincter function, early recovery of urinary bladder capacity. Regular emptying of the bladder, to prevent bladder over-filling capacity of decompensation, to reduce re-absorption of urine and reduce waste such as metabolic acidosis complications, must be regularly ranked bladder. No matter whether you want the feeling of urination should urinate every 2 to 3 hours once, and strive every time to completely empty the bladder, urination at night at least 2 times. Standing urination difficulty, can be squatting or sitting urination urination. Contraction of abdominal muscles when urinating, abdominal breath holding force, or by hand push to increase intra-abdominal pressure to help urination.
Home catheterization: For more than a few residual urine are required to self-catheterization.
Vulnerable to recurrence of bladder cancer patients, but if timely treatment after relapse can still be cured, so the bladder cancer patients should always check, if early detection of recurrence can be, generally every three months for a cystoscopy.
Have some appropriate diet, prevention and treatment of great benefit bladder cancer, several are described below for reference.
1, yi 30g, Chixiaodou 30g, gruel boiled food, uniforms, anti-cancer anti-cancer.
2, white fungus 20g, water stew served, 1 day, cancer prevention of cancer.
3, fresh purslane 120g, rabbit meat 250g (cut), plus Shuizhu Shu, salt, Yin Tang meat, dressed in uniforms, anti-cancer anti-cancer.
4, lOOg rice porridge. Transferred Lingfen 30-50g. Amount of brown sugar, eat cancer.
5, loofah 100 (Wash scraping peeled, cut into pieces), duck pieces lOOg. Add seasoning the cooked food, to heat dampness detoxification, prevention and treatment of bladder cancer.
6, fresh grape juice lOOg, fresh lotus root juice lOOg, fresh juice habitat 60g, put jar in the boiling mixture, transferred amount of honey and warm clothes can be used for bladder cancer, hematuria and dysuria.
7, lOOg of fresh radish slices, salted with Baimi for a while, let dry iron on the Sunburn, Sunburn and then dipped in honey again, to? 50g white Mizhi do. After cooling, slowly, drink two salt water, cure bladder cancer dysuria.
8, sugarcane 250g (chopped small pieces), Rhizoma Imperatae 100g cut into small pieces, shared cloth, with green beans? 100g water cook until beans Shulan to sugarcane and Chine, Yin Tang fresh beans, can increase amount of crystal sugar, hematuria for bladder cancer with obvious.
9, Chixiaodou 30g, rice 50g, a total of porridge. Gallus gallus domesticus when cooked into the end of the 15g, then you can boil into a porridge, breakfast eaten, assisted treatment of bladder cancer, urinary tract infection caused by pain, leg pain.
10, 1 watermelon, 1 cup raisins, watermelon near the pedicle cut a piece: Wash and drain the raisins to dig into the flesh in the loose, and then cut the melon block cover; paste in clay seal in cool place until 10 days after the removal of mud, torn off the lid, pour the juice, that is, contain trace amounts of alcohol, fragrance of sweet wine, can be used for bladder cancer and edema, or difficulty urinating.
New Study: Women more likely salesman bladder cancer International Online News: New Zealand Massey University researchers in recent years through the study found that people who work in sales suffering from bladder cancer risk may be higher than other industries, higher chances of employees This is the saleswoman who is particularly evident.
Reuters reported on April 27, after a number of studies have shown, in the hairdressers, textile workers, truck drivers, and in rubber, leather and chemical enterprises in the work of people suffering from bladder cancer risk is higher. But in the past 20 years, a series of studies also found that people suffering in the sales of the possibility of bladder cancer as above average. Responsible for carrying out this research work is from Massey University in New Zealand An Deli Yama Nai Teye Dr. Pierce and Dr. Neil. The analysis they found that other factors are taken into account in the premise, the work of women to become engaged in sales patients with bladder cancer more likely than employees in other industries 18% higher. But for men, the situation is different, so the sales and the risk of bladder cancer does not exist between the links of a comprehensive and clear. The researchers also pointed out that there are some indications that the men engaged in auto sales will face a higher risk of bladder cancer risk.
Manaiteye told Reuters in an interview that has yet to figure out in the sales and the risk of bladder cancer is between the existence of a clear causal link. She said: "The research done on the previous re-evaluation is to show people that those who suffer from female sales staff risk of bladder cancer is relatively higher, but the increase is not great." Manai Te Jesus further explained that there is a speculation is that the sales staff at work on a relatively small number of toilets, but also less water, which makes those present in the urine may cause cancer of various substances time spent inside the bladder will become longer, and that there may increase a person's likelihood of bladder cancer. The final results have been published in the United States, "Journal of Industrial Medicine" on
New research shows that the United Kingdom: passive smoking of children susceptible to bladder cancer, the latest issue of "International Journal of Cancer," published a study reported that passive smoking of children growing up troubles will increase the risk of bladder cancer. The researchers analyzed a large number of comparative clinical data concluded that, the people of passive smoking in childhood adulthood risk of bladder cancer is higher than the others 38%. The results also showed that every 5-year delay to start smoking, the odds of suffering from bladder cancer decreased by 19%. In other words, the smaller the age of smoking initiation, risk of bladder cancer risk is higher.
One of the authors of the report, Naomi Allen of Oxford University, an expert pointed out: "the results of many previous studies have showed that the risk of bladder cancer and smoking a lot, but this research is the more prominent young The troubles in the adult passive smokers a better chance of bladder cancer. "
On average, active smokers suffering from bladder cancer risk is 4 times higher than non-smokers, and, smoking more frequently, the longer the smoke, the higher the chance of illness. Smokers who have been sick twice the risk of non-smokers, of course, would be as likely to quit smoking prevalence increased with time, slowly decrease. Allen said: "This shows that the effect is to quit."
Cancer Research UK expert John Toy said: "Although more research is needed to confirm a child the consequences of passive smoking, the findings of the study or for the Government introduced the ban on smoking in public places provide a strong basis for the provisions. "
New research shows that: a cup of coffee may protect against bladder cancer
A new study shows that coffee can prevent smoking-induced bladder cancer. Preliminary studies have shown that half of patients with bladder cancer are smoking, but they do not drink coffee. This suggests that coffee may have some impact on tobacco. Almost everyone that the reduction in the incidence of bladder cancer, the best way is to stop smoking.
Studies have shown that smokers of its coffee was still the occurrence of bladder cancer is to drink coffee 3 times the non-smokers, but smokers do not drink coffee, its incidence of bladder cancer is to not smoke do not drink coffee 7 times those who smoke. The study found that a few years ago, is the difference between a cup of coffee is that drinking a small amount of coffee can reduce the risk of bladder cancer, but this found only in non-smoking population has been reflected.
Smoking is a major cause of bladder cancer. Data shows that people in bladder cancer, 50% of men and 30% of the women are from smoking Erzhi. Tobacco increases the risk 2-5 times the risk of bladder cancer, and this risk will continue to 2-4 years, and drinking coffee may reduce this risk.
By 1100 the Spanish people without disease research, so that they develop the habit of smoking and drinking coffee, the results show that those who drink two cups of coffee a week than those who never drank coffee, their risk of bladder cancer significantly lower.
Six diseases often cause holding back urine
1. Urinary tract infection: a long time holding back urine within the bladder urine will have piled up, bacteria and toxic substances with the urine failed to discharge, it is easy to cause cystitis, urethritis and other diseases. In severe cases, urinary tract infection can spread upward to the kidneys, causing pyelonephritis, and even affect renal function.
2. Rise to the "heart" disease: in holding back urine caused by physiological and psychological factors in the double role of stress, hypertension patients blood pressure, heart rate, coronary heart disease appears angina, arrhythmia and other symptoms, but also may be the onset of cardiovascular diseases incentives can lead to sudden death seriously.
3. Bladder injury: the nerve that controls bladder contraction of the muscles located in the bladder wall, the holding back urine for too long, cause nerve ischemia or excessive pull of the damage, causing pain in urination, frequent urination or urine is not clean and other sequelae. If severe nerve damage, bladder sphincter weakness, or even result in no row of the consequences of urine.
4. Evoked micturition syncope: micturition syncope occurred in 20 to 30 year-old male, and occasionally in the elderly, mainly sudden, forced voiding caused by increased intrathoracic pressure, leading to cerebral ischemia. In addition, the cold weather and holding back urine that the bladder urine too much time in the rapidly emptying, caused by vagal reflex bradycardia can also be induced by micturition syncope.
Beware of holding back urine micturition syncope
5. Bladder cancer: study abroad, data show that frequency of urination and bladder cancer incidence is closely related to frequency of urination less risk the greater the risk of bladder cancer. Because of increased holding back urine of bladder cancer-causing substances in urine duration of action, there is habit of holding back urine bladder cancer more likely than the average person 3 to 5 times.
A new study by U.S. scientists found that by eating nuts, olive oil and other food intake of adequate vitamin E, can reduce the risk of disease . eat more nuts and vegetables protect against bladder cancer.
6. Prostatitis: a study shows that men one of the major causes of prostatitis, urinary tract bacteria is the tube retrograde through the prostate to the prostate, caused by infection, leading to prostatitis.
Experts advise: get rid of problems caused by holding back urine is recommended that you note the following:
1. In each before going out best to solve the problem of what to urinate.
2. Whether it is work, study or during the session, there should be a "break" time, so that their "convenience" it.
3. Simmer for some time in the urine, except for emptying the bladder as soon as possible, the best way is to add a lot of water, force yourself to urinate more than a few times, which is a wash for the bladder, the bladder can be avoided the proliferation of bacteria.
In addition, should pay attention to lower body warm in winter and less drinking and eating spicy food. For the prevention of micturition syncope, in addition to not holding back urine when sleeping outside, get up to urinate, the best to sit a while in bed, then stand up and walk again.
Detection of hTERT expression can predict recurrence of bladder cancer
Recently, Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, completed a study found that tendency of recurrence? Bladder cancer? Patients with telomerase reverse transcriptase gene (hTERT) expression was significantly higher than those without recurrence, suggesting that expression of hTERT gene anomaly can be used to predict the potential tendency of recurrence of bladder cancer indicators.
And urinary bladder cancer and harmful gases from time to time on
New Zealand Occupational Safety and Health Service recently issued a warning truck drivers and other employees, must pay attention to voiding time, and avoid inhalation of harmful gases, because the study found that these two factors connected with the occupation and the risk of bladder cancer are closely related.
Starting from January 2001, the center's researchers studied 123 cases of bladder cancer patients and found, of which 33 (or 27% of patients) the occupation is considered to be easily induced bladder cancer, such as truck drivers, particularly drivers of long distances, due to work reasons, they often can not empty the bladder in a timely manner, which is easier than most people get on the bladder cancer. In addition to not been able to urinate, truck drivers also inhale more harmful than ordinary gas, such as car engines emit exhaust fumes and road, these harmful gases to allow the driver to increase their risk of bladder cancer. In addition, similar to truck drivers engaged in engineering and metal industry workers, peasants, farmers and gardeners have the opportunity because of excessive inhalation of harmful gases, making it a high risk of bladder cancer.
Swiss researchers say that part of bladder cancer with genetic
Swiss researchers reported that people with parents or siblings? Bladder cancer? The individuals themselves have more than ordinary people's suffering from bladder cancer risk.
According to the Swedish Karolinska Institute researchers report the findings further confirmed bladder cancer - the United States and Western Europe in the fourth most common cancer in men, at least partially hereditary. Bladder cancer, another known risk factors for smoking. "Despite the genetic and environmental factors have a role in bladder cancer, but the incidence of bladder cancer in the family, we understand still less." Kamila Plna and Kari Hemminki wrote in an article. Study, the scientists re-examined more than 2,000 descendants of the incidence of bladder cancer cases, found the cancer before the age of 45 male patients, their brothers and the highest risk for the normal male brother 7 times.
Sick parents, the son of bladder cancer bladder cancer risk than offspring of normal parents, 35% higher. The daughter of sick parents, the risk of bladder cancer is higher than the normal parents, the daughter of 2 times. Overall, siblings of individuals with bladder cancer, the risk of bladder cancer risk than individuals of normal siblings is 3 times higher, researchers will be published in the December 2001 issue of "Journal of Urology" (The Journal of Urology) on.
Bladder cancer incidence in men than women, 3 to 4 times higher, while the highest incidence in elderly men. The author believes that the high incidence of males may be due on the X chromosome, a cancer-related genes. Because men have only one X chromosome, so they carry two X chromosomes than the female X chromosome are more vulnerable to the impact of mutations. Plna and Hemminki finally concluded that: "our compatriots in the high-risk offspring and the gender-specific effects we found may reflect the X chromosome there is a bladder cancer susceptibility gene."
Strong "micro" search for signs of early cancer
If we can make cancer cells in early overt, then the patient will be less subject to a lot of pain; If you let a little faster data transfer, online watch online movies will not suddenly get stuck . While these ideas are at the assumption stage, but scientists have been quite confident on this. The reporter learned from yesterday's Eastern Science and Technology Forum was informed that the use of nano-scale optical technology, similar to many of the dreams will come true. An expert meeting told reporters that the so-called nano-optics, refers to the scale of atoms (molecules) and micro optical phenomena between the studies, although it sounds very boring, but there is very broad application prospects. Using nano-optics, to create a special fine instruments of observation, it can make those small cells completely "profiling" will not only facilitate treatment can significantly reduce the suffering of patients.
British scientists found that cancer cell proliferation regime: British scientists have found two proteins in human blood cells play an important role in the proliferation mechanism. University of Liverpool 8, a press release that the university researchers found that human blood called "epithelial mucin 1" (MUC1) in a large protein will form a protective shield around cancer cells and prevent cancer cell proliferation; other called "galactose-binding protein 3" (GALECTIN-3) of the small protein, it will attack "epithelial mucin 1", destruction of protective shield, making the cancer cells spread throughout the body.
The researchers said cancer cell adhesion to the vascular wall is a key step in the spread of cancer cells, and epithelial cell surface adhesion protein-1 can prevent the cancer cells attached to the vessel wall, but the galactose-binding protein 3 will attack epithelial mucin 1 large area exposed to cancer cells, so cancer cells can be attached to the vessel wall and eventually penetrate the vessel wall and spread to other sites.
For years, scientists in the blood of cancer patients are known galactose-binding protein 3 concentrations higher than in healthy people, but had been unclear galactose-binding protein 3 in cancer cells to spread, how to play a role. The researchers said the findings may in the future development of cancer drugs is important.
Stem cells in the "silent" cancer gene sow "seeds"
University of Southern California researchers has confirmed the stem cells and cancer relationship. They found that in embryonic stem cells by reversible inhibition of the gene is expressed genes in fact, they belong to the tumor "permanent silence" the gene part. The link between cancer stem cells derived from the theory of small to provide strong support. Related research will be published in the latest issue of "Nature Genetics" magazine.
The researchers looked at were "Polycomb" inhibiting protein of 177 genes and found that 77 showed enzymes and DNA modification of cancer-related signs, also known as the problem of DNA methylation. The team responsible for one of said embryonic stem cell abnormality of a Polycomb target protein methylation is 12 times more likely, this finding of great significance.
Researchers in breast cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer and ovarian cancer were found in the study, embryonic stem cells was partially inhibited the gene Polycomb protein, in fact, are pre-made mark, indicating their expression due to methylation be permanently closed. Laird explained that the genes of the "permanent silence" prevents embryonic stem cells, these embryonic stem cells become cancer "seed" the process will be gradual as the development of life, leading to cancer formation.
Laird believe that their study not only the origin of cancer stem cells provide evidence, but also for cancer and the link between experimental embryology provide evidence. "We found that cancer stem cells from the stage of epigenetic changes. This shows that the formation of cancer, epigenetic alterations precede genetic changes." Laird said that this view is relatively new gradually won recognition of scientists.
The next step will focus on what causes some genes inhibit the state transition from temporary into permanent off. If you can prevent the occurrence of this transformation, it is possible to find effective means to treat cancer.
T cell therapy using patient's own cancer
A new study has been launched, the purpose is to achieve using a patient's own immune cells to treat cancer, this research used to be known as "adoptive immunotherapy"). University Hospitals of Cleveland Ireland Cancer Center (*) of the Julian? A.? Kim accepted by the U.S. National Institutes of Health-funded projects, mainly in T cell selection and for the treatment of skin cancer (melanoma ** ) and breast cancer. Research project titled "T cell adoptive immunotherapy of molecular research," research funds for 66 million dollars, the entire study period of 5 years.
In preclinical studies, that the use of human tissue research in the laboratory stage, the researchers will focus on T cells in the lymph nodes in patients with the identification and capture, and in the laboratory by 1 to 2 weeks of time to amplify cells to activate T cells, molecular reagents for interleukin -2 and anti-CD3 antibody (***)。 The pre-clinical studies will help researchers learn how to effective screening and access to T cells, T cells will be handled in a special device for cell growth. Activated T cells will be re-imported the same patient's body, which guide the patient's immune system attacks the body of tumor.
According to Kim's argument, I of the study, 20 patients will participate. "If these trials prove effective, then we can take some similar method of treatment of other types of cancer." Kim said.
Tumor cells can escape death through autophagy
Autophagy: a cell used to organize the contents of the cellular process. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy, a number of tumor cells, autophagy can also occur, but scientists have not known it for this specific role - to help cancer cells to promote tumor cell survival or death? Recently, in a murine B-cell lymphoma study, researchers from the University of Pennsylvania (*) are in fact the researchers show that autophagy is a survival mechanism for tumor cells. The study published in the January 18 of the "Journal of Clinical Investigation" on-line magazine, will be officially launched in February print edition. In this study, the researchers via the expression of activated p53 to induce tumor cell apoptosis. Craig Thompson and colleagues found that autophagy does not occur only in certain tumor cells apoptosis. If the mice, autophagy does not occur, then there will be more apoptotic tumor cells. In addition, in mice with chemotherapy drug cyclophosphamide (**) treatment, the number of tumor cells significantly increased apoptosis, also occurred in significantly shrinking the tumor, tumor recurrence time was significantly delayed. This study has important clinical reference value in tumor cells by apoptosis induced by chemotherapy supplemented by autophagy inhibitors, will increase the success rate of treatment of human cancer.
Note 1: autophagy (autophagy): Autophagy is ubiquitous in most eukaryotic cells, a phenomenon that is phagocytic lysosomal degradation of its structure, it is within the cell recycling system (recycling system .) Autophagy is a clear degradation of key cell structures and damaged cells, aging organelles and other biological macromolecules are no longer needed. Autophagy in the digest, but also for the construction of intracellular organelles to provide raw materials that the recycling of cell structure. Therefore, the equivalent of lysosomal scavenger cells.
Bladder and urethral abnormalities
(A) of the bladder is not developed and not developed bladder often accompanied by hypoplastic kidneys are not developed, so few survivors, a group of 19,046 cases of autopsy data in 7 cases. The literature of 25 cases. Cloacal bladder hypoplasia means retained, the Department of the separation barrier in urine caused by rectal compartment. Ureter terminates in the rectum.
(B) of the Department of embryonic development of bladder disorders repeat the results of the tail part of the embryo due to the students, often accompanied by hindgut duplication. Can be divided into left and right, or up and down both before and after the bladder, gourd-shaped bladder or room. A group of 50% of 18 cases associated with lower gastrointestinal duplication, a
1. Clinical manifestations
3. Imaging


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Grade refers to the contrast or mid slope of the charateristic curve of the paper. There are discussions about this in "Post Process" by Ctein and in Photo Techniques about 2 years ago in an article by Dickerson and Zawadski.
Basically, a grade 2 paper has a mid tone slope of about 2.5 measuring Density vs Log Exposure. Higher grades have a higher slope and lower grades have a lower slope.


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Lack of Philosophical Grounding in Modern "Pop" Atheism
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Lack of Philosophical Grounding in Modern "Pop" Atheism
Since we have so many atheists on the forum, I thought I'd stir the pot a little bit.
Since the popularization of modern atheism at the start of the 21st century (largely after the combination of a rise in terrorism fueled by Islamic fundamentalism and, more long term, the rise in Christian fundamentalism in the United States) there have been a number of books presented that appeal to modern atheists. The problem is this:
Atheism used to be a position held largely by privileged, educated members of societies with substantial infrastructure and so it had a strong grounding in the philosophical and theological traditions, who were familiar with both the theological arguments (ontological, cosmological and teleological) and the logical or epistemological structures said arguments violated.
While atheism is still, largely, a movement that has its roots among more educated individuals, the popularization of the movement and the texts produced by less philosophically grounded individuals (especially Sam Harris, Richard Dawkins and Christopher Hitches; though I have to admit that I personally have a major soft spot for Hitchens and totally understand the appeal of Dawkins and Harris) totally lack critiques of (a) the theological propositions that they actually want to attack and (b) miss the mark in terms of the fundamental flaws in the modern practice of theology.
This is not a critique of popular atheism becoming "like a religion." That's horsesh*t.
This is not a critique of tact of writers as confrontational. There's plenty of great literature attacking theological arguments that is written in a confrontational style. Agitation is often necessary.
The problem is that (especially) Dawkins and Harris don't seem to ever have read Hume's
Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion
, Antony Flew's
Theology and Falsification
or even Bertrand Russell's
Why I am Not a Christian
. Often Dawkins, in critiquing teleology, is making arguments that existed (more eloquently) in the work of David Hume some 250+ years ago, and he doesn't bother to establish the philosophical grounding of his critique, which is immense and worth writing about.
It seems to me if one is going to argue for a position, it can be really, really helpful to know the history of the position.
If I'm going to argue that evolution is a substantial theory, I should read Darwin through Watson and Crick through Gould through Dawkins. You don't have to reference it. You don't have to look like an ivory tower, inaccessible intellectual (though I relate to those folks better, personally; and Hitchens and Dawkins and Harris appear that way, anyway) but these guys should know the arguments that they're dealing with, so that they can see the variations and identify the core of the argument. Otherwise, it looses so much of the force that really well established atheists have been building since the invention of God.
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Recent years have seen a string of controversies relating to freedom of dress. Muslim headscarves, Christian crosses and Sikh bangles are just a few of the items to cause controversy. Given the importance of clothing and appearance to personal expression and religious identity, why do we not see a united campaign for freedom of dress?


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A man has been charged with stabbing a woman during a domestic dispute.
Cruz Gallegos, 18, faces two counts of aggravated battery with a deadly weapon against a household member, a third-degree felony. He also is charged with counts of child abuse, false imprisonment, aggravated assault of a household member and tampering with evidence.
Gallegos remains at large, and police are seeking any information on his whereabouts.
The Las Vegas Police Department's crime scene van has been damaged.
Over the weekend, one of the van's windows was broken, interim Police Chief Christian Montaño said. It was at the Fourth Street house of the department's evidence technician.
The police caught two juveniles who are believed to have caused the damage, Montaño said.
The van used to be parked at the Police Department, but the agency wanted to have an employee take it home, so it would run regularly, which helps with maintenance, Montaño said.
Saturday night's "Boxeo en Las Vegas II" show attracted more than 1,000 fans, says promoter Carlos Crespin.
Crespin put the estimate at up to 1,400 who showed up for the professional boxing card, his second such venture as head of Crespin's Promotions.
The Optic earlier reported an attendance figure closer to 800 at Gillie Lopez Gymnasium.
Whatever the correct figure, Saturday's event seemed to be a hit with fans, and it served up both competitive, entertaining fights and quick knockouts.
After losing several key players instrumental in a historic turnaround of Cowboy basketball's fortunes over the past two years, the New Mexico Highlands men's hoops program is picked to finish sixth in the Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference this season.
Meanwhile, Fort Lewis College — led by consensus RMAC Preseason Player of the Year DeAndre Lansdowne — is the favorite to take the league championship.
Those were among the findings in the RMAC's preseason coaches' poll released this month.
The West Las Vegas school board is doing the right thing in reconsidering its previous decision to close Union Elementary School. As the best-performing school in the district, Union should not only remain open, but it should be held up as an educational model for other schools in the district.
Ever have a day when anything you attempt to help brighten things falls flat? That's the story of my life.
Here's how:
I often try to reach people through humor. I don't mean that I see life as an interminable joke-fest but merely that I believe in the therapeutic qualities of laughter. And if that's true, my students of more than 40 years ago have to be healthy. There are limits, and on occasion I've needed to make sure the person with whom I attempted the humor is comfortable. It's also a joy, not to mention flattering, when the recipient of my humor pays me back in kind.
The West Las Vegas school board may be changing its mind about closing Union Elementary School.
It now looks like the school will continue.
Last month, the board voted unanimously to move Union kids to what would be an expanded and renovated Tony Serna Elementary.
The same vote would have moved the Family Partnership School to the Union building.
Union is Las Vegas' best-performing elementary school for reading and math proficiency.
The city wants the West Las Vegas school district to turn over its water rights to the city.
Mayor Alfonso Ortiz made the plea to the West school board last week.
"We're in dire need of water, and the school district has four acre feet of water that has been approved by the state engineer's office. On the other hand, the state says you are not entitled to another 38 acre feet you thought you had," Ortiz said.
A majority of the County Commission supports the use of marijuana for medical purposes.
Commissioners David Salazar, Nicolas Leger and June Garcia all agreed on the issue. Their colleagues, Albert Padilla and Marcellino Ortiz, couldn't be reached for comment.
The commission plans to hold a special hearing on the subject Nov. 24.
The issue is particularly relevant with the commission because of the county housing authority's recent decision to stop giving a federal subsidy to a resident who uses medical marijuana.
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The Las Vegas Optic is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in San Miguel County and Las Vegas, NM, and the surrounding area.


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Table Of Contents
New in version 1.5.
This code is still experimental, and its API is subject to change in a future version.
The SimpleListAdapter is used for basic lists. For example, it can be used for displaying a list of read-only strings that do not require user interaction.
- class kivy.adapters.simplelistadapter.SimpleListAdapter(**kwargs)[source]¶
Bases: kivy.adapters.adapter.Adapter
A SimpleListAdapter is an adapter around a Python list.
From Adapter, the ListAdapter gets cls, template, and args_converter properties.
- data¶
The data list property contains a list of objects (which can be strings) that will be used directly if no args_converter function is provided. If there is an args_converter, the data objects will be passed to it for instantiating the item view class instances.
data is a ListProperty and defaults to [].


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Best of Entertainment
A giant billboard advertises the 2013 Berlinale film festival at the... News PhotoArts Culture and Entertainment,Berlin,Berlin International Film Festival,Billboard,Film Industry,Germany,Horizontal,Potsdamer Platz,Town SquarePhotographer JOHN MACDOUGALLCollection: AFP 2013 AFPA giant billboard advertises the 2013 Berlinale film festival at the Potsdamer Platz in Berlin, on January 15, 2013. New releases starring Jude Law and Catherine Deneuve and the world premiere of a picture by embattled Iranian director Jafar Panahi joined the line-up of the 63rd Berlin film festival. Keeping with a tradition of bringing high-wattage stars together with champions of hard-hitting political cinema, organisers of the 'Berlinale' unveiled nine new entries to the February 7 to 17 event. AFP PHOTO / JOHN MACDOUGALL (Photo credit should read JOHN MACDOUGALL/AFP/Getty Images)


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Leaders of Tomorrow"
18 march is the day to watch
Sin City is where you go in with your eyes open
or you don't come out at all
yes it will great day for both countries
Leaders of Tomorrow"
our losing streak continues on the 11th of march people
yeah if misbah is the captain then we will surely lose it
^ This time we've much strong chances to win this match (of course if the match is not fixed), there're two major reasons for it, 1. We're not playing in India this time, we're playing in Bangladesh where we've good support as well as good track record for doing well. 2. Indian team's morale is down, they don't have the likes of Sehwag (remember he pawned Umark Gull in Mohali?), he's good subcontinent batsman, particularly against fast bowling.
"There is no power on earth that can undo Pakistan."
- Muhammad Ali Jinnah
whether tendulkar will play in that match then he might do 100 against pakistan I think
Leaders of Tomorrow"


text:
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text:
EEC-Yugoslavia Co-Operation Agreement: Motion.
Thursday, 4 December 1980
Dáil Eireann Debate
Minister for Foreign Affairs (Mr. Lenihan): I move:
"That Dáil Éreann approves the co-operation agreement between the European Economic Community and the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia together with a final act related to that agreement and the agreement between the member states of the European Coal and Steel Community and the European Coal and Steel Community of the one part, and the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia of the other part together with a final act related to that agreement."
Since 1970, relations between the Community and Yugoslavia have been governed by two successive trade agreements; the first a three-year non-preferential agreement from 1970 to 1973 and the second, also non-preferential, from 1973 to 1978. This latter agreement was tacitly renewed by both sides pending the conclusion of the new co-operation agreement which is brought today for approval by the Dáil.
The terms of this co-operation agreement were negotiated over a period of approximately two years, from February 1978, when the first round of negotiations was held, to February 1980 when the agreement was initialled by both sides. [428] The aim of the agreement, which is of unspecified duration, is to promote trade between the Community and Yugoslavia while taking account of the levels of economic development of both sides. In addition, it is designed to improve access to the Community market for products from Yugoslavia.
This is a new type of agreement, which is designed to strengthen relations between the Community and Yugoslavia while taking account of Yugoslavia's position as a non-aligned, Mediterranean, developing country. It is intended to cover as many areas of co-operation as possible. The negotiations leading up to it were lengthy, reflecting its complexity, but have led to a comprehensive agreement which can form the basis for further co-operation, which respects Yugoslavia's international position, and which underlines the Community's concern to consolidate and diversify its relationship with such an important trading partner.
The agreement contains four principal sectors of co-operation: economic, financial, trade and labour.
In the economic and financial spheres, co-operation is envisaged particularly in the areas of industry, science and technology with the intention of making a contribution towards Yugoslavia's economic and social development. The agreement contains a financial protocol under which Yugoslavia will receive a total of 200 million units of account in the form of loans from the European Investment Bank during a period of five years.
As regards trade, the Community grants levy-free access to its markets for most Yugoslav industrial products, with the exception of certain sensitive products which are subject to tariff ceilings. In the agricultural area, Yugoslavia is granted concessions for products which are of particular importance to it, namely, baby beef in respect of which Yugoslavia enjoys levy-reduced access to the Community for almost 35,000 tonnes per annum, and also tobacco and wines. In the labour sector the aim is to eliminate, as far as possible, discrimination towards Yugoslav workers in the Community and Community workers in [429] Yugoslavia. The trade and financial provisions of the agreement were brought into effect, pending national ratification, by an interim agreement from 1 July 1980.
The agreement makes provision for the establishment of a co-operation council which will meet periodically at ministerial level and will enable the two parties to find solutions to any problem that might arise.
In addition to the co-operation agreement, a parallel agreement was reached between Yugoslavia and the European Coal and Steel Community. This follows the usual form of such agreements and applies to certain products covered by the European Coal and Steel Community.
I am sure that these agreements between the European Communities and the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia will strengthen existing links and help to promote economic co-operation while also recognising the special strategic position of Yugoslavia in Europe. I therefore recommend the motion to the House.
Mr. O'Keeffe: On behalf of my party I approve strongly of the co-operation between the EEC and Yugoslavia, but there are a few points that I should like the Minister to deal with in his reply.
Undoubtedly, Yugoslavia is a rather unique country. It is classified normally as a communist country but it has refused resolutely during the past 30 years to accept domination. Indeed, it has shown its independence in this regard by its condemnation of the Soviet intervention in Czechoslovakia and in more recent times in Afghanistan. I hope Yugoslavia will not be in the situation of having to issue a further condemnation of Soviet domination in the near future, but that is another question.
By and large the western world has helped Yugoslavia to maintain its non-aligned position. This has been by virtue of the trade agreements which have been in existence for some years between that country and the EEC. These agreements were entered into in the full knowledge of the political situation in Yugoslavia [430] and in the knowledge that country has agreements also with the COMICON and has bilateral agreements with the Socialist bloc of the eastern European countries.
Because of the sensible approach of the EEC, they have contributed towards the maintenance of Yugoslavia in the unique position in which it is today and which we hope it will be able to continue to maintain in the post-Tito era.
I should like to hear from the Minister as to whether he is totally satisfied with the agreement in so far as it effects this country. I do not have up-to-date figures but it appears to me, on the basis of the figures I have before me, that the huge gains in regard to trade with Yugoslavia have accrued to the EEC heavies rather than to the smaller countries like our own. For instance, I know from the information I have here in respect of the import and export figures as between Yugoslavia and some of the EEC counttries that the trade balance in favour of Germany, for instance, is running at the rate of about three to one. These figures go back some years to 1976 and are related to Yugoslav dinars. They are mentioned in terms of one million dinars. In 1976 the exports from Yugoslavia to the Federal German Republic were 7,257 in terms of one million dinars while the imports, at 20,858, were almost three times that. I have some figures also in respect of the trade as between Yugoslavia and the UK. Again, these show a huge imbalance in favour of the UK. The figures in this instance are expressed in sterling and relate to 1978. They show that Yugoslav exports to the UK in that year were of the order of £37 million while the imports amounted to £160 million. The point I raise in this context is whether, in so far as there are gains to the EEC countries from such agreements, these gains are being taken advantage of solely by the big countries. This raises the question of our trade figures with Yugoslavia, and consequently I should like the Minister, if he has the relevant figures, to let us have them when he is replying.
I raise this point in the overall context of the moaning and groaning that comes [431] from Germany and Britain in respect of their situation in the EEC. In increasing volume in recent times we have been hearing from the Germans that they will not continue to be the paymasters of Europe, while the British are saying that they are not getting anything from the EEC, that they are contributing too much to the Community while they are paying far too much for their food. It is a question of the raising of the imperial flag again.
I make this point to illustrate one further gain that I see accruing to those two countries from their membership of the EEC by reason of the trade agreements which the Community have with Yugoslavia. It is one of the many factors not taken into account in the context of weighing up the advantages to those countries of EEC participation. In the future we will have to make continual assessments of those advantages and highlight them. It seems to me there is more and more evidence of what these two countries in particular construe as being the disadvantages of their membership of the EEC. It is important for small countries such as Ireland to press the case that on this issue, as on so many others, there are many advantages accruing to those countries because of their membership of the EEC.
It is important that people here know what may be the adverse effects of such an agreement. The main area of interest will be in the context of agriculture and the agreement relating to the import of baby beef. I appreciate that any international agreement we enter into will normally have advantages and disadvantages, and I think it important that they be spelled out not only to this House but to the country. I have raised in particular the question of agriculture. There is no need in the context of this debate to highlight the problems of Irish agriculture. The Minister has a duty to indicate clearly to the House and the country if this agreement will result in further problems for agriculture or if it will have an effect on markets to which we might normally be exporting.
I accept that Yugoslavia is a unique [432] country. It is non-aligned and despite the most frightful pressures during the years it has succeeded in maintaining its independence and non-aligned status. Certainly such a history imposes an obligation on the free world, and in particular on the EEC, to ensure that it is not forced back under Soviet domination. We should be as free and fair as possible in our trade relations with that country. This co-operation agreement goes a long way towards achieving that. From that point of view and subject to the reservations I mentioned I support the motion seeking approval for this co-operation agreement.
Mr. Quinn: The Labour Party support fully the proposed co-operation agreement between the EEC and Yugoslavia. To do so is consistent with the general policy of encouraging the creation of a new economic international order and particularly, as the Minister said in his speech, since this ensures that Yugoslavs who unfortunately cannot get employment in their own country will receive the same kind of treatment as that given to other guest-workers in the Community. It will also ensure that Yugoslavia can get its new industrial products into Community markets without heavy tariffs although I note that the industrial sector of the Community have put in a proviso excepting certain sensitive industrial products.
Given the history of Yugoslavia and the nature of this agreement, it is not very different to an association agreement enjoyed by Turkey. However, because of the political realities of the situation an association agreement would not be in accordance with the continuing balancing position Yugoslavia must maintain vis-à-vis the East and the West. I recognise the need for that and I approve of the formula that has been arrived at. In the context of Eastern Europe generally I hope this may serve as a kind of model for the Community's relationships not just with Poland — a country that unfortunately is in the news very much recently — but also with countries such as Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Romania which form a natural part [433] of the European hinterland and to which we should be more closely aligned and intergrated in the context of the economic crisis facing the world.
I accept the difficulty that must have been encountered in negotiating this agreement. It is a sensitive area and there are interests in the Community that have to be balanced against the economic interests of Yugoslavia. Perhaps the Minister in his reply would indicate the nature and detail of the co-operation council. I gather from his speech that it will be at ministerial level. Will he indicate what kind of participation and involvement Ireland will have? I cannot find a reference to the time-table for this agreement. Will it be reviewed within five or ten years or is it an open-ended agreement without any review period? Perhaps the Minister will give us this information in his reply.
Following the remarks made by Deputy O'Keeffe, I agree there are implications from the Irish point of view. We have not a large trade with Yugoslavia for obvious geographical and historical reasons. I think our potential trade with other EEC countries could be damaged in part by this agreement, particularly in the agricultural sector. There is a market in Greece and Italy for beef and there will also be markets in Spain and Portugal when those countries are full members of the EEC. Our geographical position does not help us in relation to these markets. Will the Minister indicate how the agreement in relation to baby beef and beef products generally is likely to affect the Irish sector and will he state if any assessments have been made? Have the Minister and his Department, in conjunction with CTT, made any arrangements for a full trade mission to travel to Yugoslavia in an attempt to reap some benefit from this opening up of what is, undoubtedly, a two-way agreement? The Minister's speech is very shy on the cost of this agreement to the Community generally, and particularly to this country. That is not to say that we are against the agreement, not at all, but the whole thrust of the debate in support of the demand for the creation of a new international economic order is based on the clear, explicit [434] statement of mutuality of interests and of benefit. No quantified Irish benefit is mentioned in the Minister's speech, but perhaps the scale of trade between the two countries is too insignificant to be measurable.
The Yugoslav economy and certain aspects of its agriculture particularly in Northern Yugoslavia is an efficient, highly productive area. They will, undoubtedly, be competitors with us in milk and beef products in the Mediterranean, which is a growing market for such products as the economies of these countries improve. If one can take the previous figures, the levels of consumption of meat in general, and beef in particular, and of milk products is likely to rise, and since we have all along the line since joining the EEC seen the retardation of industrial growth in part in this country, our major asset is agriculture. I want to see in what way, in assenting to this agreement, the Minister and his Department — and, indeed, the other specialist Department officials — have quantified the net cost to Ireland and various sectors of its economy of this agreement and if they can demonstrate why, in fact, Ireland should agree to this specifically. Perhaps we could be a little more French or a little more British in seeing what exactly is the cost of this agreement as against the benefits. In general — and I do not wish my remarks to be misinterpreted, because we support the agreement and are in no way suggesting that it should be modified — I should like to hear from the Minister in what way this was quantified.
Minister for Foreign Affairs (Mr. Lenihan): First of all, the agreement between the Community and Yugoslavia is an important one from the point of view of stability in Europe. I do not have to elaborate on the important role which Yugoslavia has played. The manner in which that very large, underdeveloped country has improved since the war pays a great tribute to the genius and tenacity of its people. It is important that the Community itself make stronger links between the Community and Yugoslavia, for very important strategic and political [435] reasons. This was the uppermost thought in the Community's mind in making this agreement.
Even though we had objections and did a lot of hard bargaining in regard to the baby beef aspect, which was eventually fixed at 35,000 tonnes per annum on a levy-reduced basis, at the end of the day we were the only people fighting in this respect. All the other eight countries agreed and in the context of the overall situation we reluctantly agreed, primarily because, within the Community, one cannot act in isolation at all times. If there are strong compelling reasons being pushed by eight of the nine, one cannot hold one's position indefinitely.
I want to emphasise in regard to our trade position that we do not do much trade with Yugoslavia but what we do is, in balance, in our favour. The figures for 1979 were, imports £1.6 million, exports £5.6 million. For the first part of this year imports are £1.5 million and exports £4.7 million. As a matter of interest, our exports are, food products £1.9 million, cosmetics £1.1 million, data processing office machinery £1 million. Our exports exceed our imports by more than 3 to 1 although I grant that the volume is not high. We are not in any deficit position, vis-á-vis our trading position with Yugoslavia.
As regards the co-operation council, this is at ministerial level. What happens is — and Deputy Quinn rightly said that this is in the nature of an association agreement similar to what we have with Cyprus and Turkey — that vis-á-vis all of these countries there are regular co-operation council meetings at ministerial level. For instance, we had one meeting the week before last with Cyprus and one with Turkey. There will be one held in the new year, the first in 1981, with Yugoslavia, in which their Minister will sit down with the Commission and the Community Foreign Ministers at a special meeting to find out how their particular agreement is working out, exchange views, make proposals and so on.
As a result of the agreement we have taken a very positive interest in Yugoslavia. The Irish Ambassador to Yugoslavia [436] has already in the past few months led a delegation from the Department of Agriculture and the CBF to look at the possibilities of trade there. On their return, they were optimistic about commercial development of Irish agricultural exports to Yugoslavia. This was a direct follow-up to the question of baby beef. As I said, we has agreed reluctantly to that, entering a caveat at the time that we expected a quid pro quo. The Department of Agriculture and the CBF experts had gone to Yugoslavia with a view to facilitating other agricultural exports as a quid pro quo for the baby beef concession which Yugoslavia had received. That is a positive way forward. There has been a direct follow-up to our reluctant agreement in allowing baby beef into the Community from Yugoslavia.
Another matter raised, I think, by Deputy O'Keeffe — and he and I on another occasion had an exchange of views concerning it — and mentioned, as well, by Deputy Quinn, is the question often raised by Britain and Germany of their contribution towards the financing of the Community, Germany, in particular, making the case that she, in accountancy terms, pays the heaviest contribution towards Community funding. The disagreement which Britain had some months ago on the extent of her contribution to the Community was debated. As I have said publicly before, the larger countries in the Community are substantial gainers, by reason of membership of the Community, in the unquantifiable area of free market within the Community and the market access gained by the Community to third countries, such as Yugoslavia, throughout the world with whom the Community have agreements. Community have agreements.
Naturally, the larger, industralised countries are big gainers by reason of the internal European market on one hand, and the agreements reached by the Community, on the other hand. It is a completely wrong argument merely to point to an accountancy figure, saying "That is our contribution to the Community. We are paying far more than other countries in real terms and, therefore, we must [437] restrict Community spending in the desirable social regional areas concerning transfer of resources leading to a convergence of economies". That argument does not hold water. The really big gain to the larger countries and, in particular, Germany — and Britain also, but not to the same extent — is the existence of the market and the amount of trade generated by reason of the market and the capacity of the larger, developed industralised countries to make use of that market. The value both the internal markets and the external markets gained by agreement runs far ahead in real value terms of any small accountancy contribution made to the annual budget.
Mr. Quinn: It is a pity the Minister was not able to persuade Prime Minister Thatcher about that. Next week he may get an opportunity to do so. She won the argument and we are paying.
Mr. Lenihan: We are not paying in that respect so far as our contribution is concerned. Our gain is also substantial by reason of the existence of the common agricultural policy which the Socialist parties in Europe are seeking to erode. That is our prime area of gain. Every country has its own different legitimate interests.
Mr. O'Keeffe: We have to highlight the gains they are getting.
Mr. Lenihan: We are getting excited about a matter which is not really of concern. We are talking about a co-operation agreement with Yugoslavia which has been welcomed by the two Deputies opposite. I thank them for that.
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Connor, Jack, and Chaz are getting in each other's holes for hardcore threesome action!
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There are 4 comments on this gallery
bike10 March 15, 2012 - 05:09:29 (See all My Comments)
These guys cum to attention.Reply
SJB69 March 14, 2012 - 11:37:38 (See all My Comments)
Very nice! Don't know who is who...but the darker haired stud has me rock hard! HOT!Reply
Screetch March 13, 2012 - 22:45:44 (See all My Comments)
GODAMMIT Jack is a hot fucking man! Love watching him get fucked while he fucks!!!Reply
cklover March 24, 2009 - 18:55:14 (See all My Comments)
I love their smooth hairless toned bodies and lovely hard cocks. I'd like to make it a foursome.Reply