text:
by Sean Brawley (1).
History teaches us where we have been and teaches us to learn from our mistakes. History can also be selectively quoted to suit a particular agenda and accurate history can be twisted by those who attempt to rewrite it to suit their own purpose. Pauline Hanson (2).
The history of a country is not the prerogative of one particular group who draw curtains to hide those bits they did not like. Even if a nation could pick and choose its history (and the concept is absurd), any confident nation guards jealously its history and traditions. From the good we gain pride; from the bad we learn; and from the totality of our past we gain our identity. Jeff Kennett (3).
On the evening of Monday 18 November 1996 the Hon. John Winston Howard MHR, Prime Minister of Australia, delivered the annual Sir Robert Menzies Lecture in Melbourne. The title of his paper was 'The Liberal Tradition: The Beliefs and Values Which Guide the Federal Government'. Howard used the occasion to honour the memory of 'a great Australian leader' and 'the founder of modern Australian Liberalism' - Robert Gordon Menzies. In recognising the achievements of the Menzies era the Prime Minister also claimed victory in a political battle which had raged for over four years and come to be known as the 'Battle of History'. During that period, Howard alleged, the 'highest levels' of the former Labor Government had attempted to 'establish a form of historical correctness as a particular offshoot of political correctness' so its 'own partisan political cause would be advanced'. This 'assault without substance, without honour and without success', however, had 'failed because it was seen by the vast majority of Australians for the divisive, irrelevant and prejudiced attack that it was' (4).
Writing about the state of historical writing in 1995 John A. Moses debated the centrality of history to Australian national life. While convinced that 'history's importance is more often proclaimed as an article of faith than argued convincingly' he was aware that the meaning of the past in Australian national life was 'more contested than ever before' and that 'All of a sudden history seems very political'(5). With the events of 1996 only adding further weight it is hard to imagine that any historian in Australia is not now aware of the political implications and potency of their craft. Perhaps more importantly for the community, so too are the nation's 'ahistorical' politicians (6). The 'Battle of History' in Australia has, to borrow Joshua Foa Dienstag's words, 'exposed the subterranean connections between history and politics which had existed unseen, like the system of wires and pipes beneath a great city' (7).
This political struggle over the past is neither isolated or unique to Australia. The world over politicians (usually with some input from historians) have been contesting the past with new found vigour since the late 1980s. In Israel it has been the work of the 'New Historians' and their alternative approaches to the formation of the Jewish state which has been the focus of much debate (8). In Hungary it was the so-called Pozsgay Affair concerning the interpretation of the events of 1956 as a 'people's uprising' (9). In Mexico it has been the struggle between rival politcal parties to claim the mantle of the true custodians of the nation's revolutionary past (10). In Germany it has been the 'Historikerstreit' and the legacy of that nation's Nazi past (11). In Japan it has been the prolonged 'textbook' controversy and legacies of the Pacific War such as the Rape of Nanjing and Comfort Women (12). New Zealand plans for a national history museum sparked debate as have the ongoing deliberations of the Waitangi Tribunal (13). A final, and perhaps the most important example for this study, is the American battle which simmered through the late 1980s before exploding in a series of incidents starting with the 1492 Columbus quincentenary celebration debates of 1991/92 (which were also replayed in a number of Latin American countries) and followed by the intervention of 400 historians in the abortion case Webster vs Reproductive Services, the History Standards saga of 1994, and the Smithsonian Hiroshima/Nagasaki exhibition and Martin Luther King Memorial controversies(14). All these cases opposing political beliefs have been in contest. Suddenly, dare one say finally, politicians have come to realise that one of the most important keys to their political future is the past.
This paper then is a report from the Australian theatre of this international conflagration. My aims as a correspondent are modest. I offer an account of the 'Battle of History' - to highlight what I have seen as the course this debate has taken in Australia and offer some tentative analysis. I do this with all the failings of a war correspondent - my judgement impaired by being too close to the action in time and place, let alone the question of bias. Regardless of these limitations I believe a report from the front is required. With some notable exceptions, historians have not had enough to say on a struggle in which they have always been implicated - now more so than ever.
The focus of this report centres around the public pronouncements of one of the Battles most central and passionate characters - John Howard. That Ian Hancock's 1995 suggestion that the 'Liberals are not historically minded'(15) seems inconceivable in 1997 is almost entirely due to the efforts of Howard. With the help of the Conservative intelligentsia he was the first Coalition politician to see the Battle as more than a diversion and he was the first Liberal leader to actively use history to demonstrate his party's relevance and platform. On a personal level, he also used history to help secure his own political rehabilitation. These developments occurred during what we might care to label the First Phase of the Battle - the period from February 1992 to March 1996.
The first shots in what has since become known as the 'Battle of History' were fired by Paul Keating in late February 1992. They had followed the uproar in Britain which had accompanied the then Prime Minister's handling of the Queen of Australia during a Royal visit earlier that month. When the Federal Opposition, led by Dr John Hewson, attempted to use the public outcry in Britain to chide the Prime Minister he struck back with a few lessons from his understanding of Australian history - demonstrating what Geoffrey Bolton identified as a 'readiness uncommon in recent prime ministers to take note of recent trends in historiography and to use them in the service of promoting a particular myth of nationalism'(16). The Opposition, Keating claimed, were relics of the past, 'xenophobes' who remained British to their bootstraps despite that nation's decision not to help Australia defend itself against the Japanese advance in 1942 (17).
From the Opposition Front Bench, John Howard saw Keating's attack as 'an orgy of Pom-bashing' based on a 'somewhat infamous and (almost predicably) historically wrong accusation'(18). Like the rest of the Opposition front bench, however, he had not seen Keating's use of history as particularly significant in itself. The issue was not history but the Republic and the ALP were simply attempting to fuel a public discussion it hoped would distract Australians from Labor's poor economic management and the nation's economic salvation - Fightback! (19).
Such a view, however, was not shared by the nation's conservative intellectuals who saw a far more sinister threat in the Prime Minister's use of history. The 'intellectual indulgence' of Keating and his supporters was part of an 'attempt to impose on us all a view of history'(20). which would work to the detriment of that section of the community which opposed Labor's vision for Australia's future. Keating's usurpation of the past had to be stopped at all costs.
These conservative partisans attacked Keating's use of history on two fronts. Firstly, the Prime Minister's use of history as a political weapon was dangerous because it was divisive. As Patrick Morgan noted, Keating threatened 'national cohesion' and Australia's future depended on 'forgetting these antique and unimportant divisions' (21). Such views tapped into a dominant theme in conservative intellectual thinking - a fear that minority left wing interest groups had captured the public agenda in Australia to the detriment of the 'mainstream'. Secondly and more fundamentally Keating was simply wrong in his historical interpretations - in part because he was a victim of what Gerard Henderson labelled the 'prevailing left wing interpretation of Australian history'(22). and its obsession with highlighting the negataive aspects of Australia's past to the exclusion of the overwhelming achievements.
Such concerns were exacerbated only a few months after the Battle of History began when the High Court of Australia made its monumental judgement concerning the question of native title in Australia. To the conservatives, the Mabo decision was seen to be based on an 'extraordinary re-writing of history by the Court'(23). The judgement, like the Republican debate, was riddled with the prevailing left wing interpretation of Australian history. Justices Dean and Gaudron had even gone so far as to state that they were indebted to the likes of Professor Henry Reynolds(24).
While conservative intellectuals warned of the dangers, the Coalition leadership did not publicly enter the historiographical debate in any sustained or significant manner. Economics remained their main concern and strategy. Labor's 'victory for the True Believers' at the 13 March 1993 Poll, however, forced the Coalition to engage in much soul searching as to how they had lost the unlosable election. This preoccupation with matters economic dominated much of the debate within the Liberal Party in the wake of the defeat. Assertions were made that as the Liberal Party approached its 50th year it had become an irrelevancy in late 20th century Australia and was indeed on the brink of oblivion.
Within a number of critiques of the Liberal Party's future mention was made of the important lessons held in its past. Raking over the coals Malcolm Fraser noted how the 'Labor Party nurtures its past' and that the answers to the Party's problems lay 'in its legacy' (25). Former Victorian State President Michael Kroger agreed: 'The answer to the future lies in an understanding of the past' (26). The problem, however, according to then Labor MHR Graeme Campbell was that the Liberals lacked 'an historical sense'(27).
This deficiency in the Liberal Party had long exercised the mind of former shadow frontbencher Chris Puplick. The '93 defeat gave Puplick the chance to once again mount his hobby horse. It had been a lack of historical sense which allowed the Party to move so disastrously to the right (he being one of the victims) and become preoccupied with economic outcomes. In an address to Henderson's Sydney Institute, shortly after the election, Puplick reasserted that history was the key to the Party's recent failures and its salvation. The Liberal Party had alienated many within the Australian community because it had been 'so anxious to disown our own past' and thus 'forfeited the chance to turn our record into a plus and instead allowed them to become our negatives'. In looking to the future Puplick saw that the key to Liberal Party rejuvenation was 'a clear assertion of our past record of achievement' (28).
Puplick's views were implicitly supported from a controversial source - left-wing La Trobe University political scientist Judith Brett. In a number of public commentaries, but most importantly her book RobertMenzies' Forgotten People , Brett gave credence to the notion that some of the answers to the Liberal Party's problems lay in examining its past (29). While Brett was labelled by new Liberal Deputy Leader, Peter Costello, as 'one of those anti-Liberals who has taken to commentating on what the Liberal Party should do' (30), and Puplick was seen as a renegade, the senior echelons of the Party were becoming increasingly aware of the importance of history to the party's viability. In the same article in the Australian Quarterly which attacked Judith Brett, Peter Costello used the history of Australian voting patterns in the 1950s in his discussion of the Party's future.
In the wake of the 1993 loss and the subsequent debate about the Liberal Party's past and future, it appears that John Howard became increasingly convinced that Paul Keating's use of history posed a very real threat. While he accepted the arguments of the likes of Puplick, the danger was far more complicated than simply a failure by Liberals to champion past achievements and take guidance from them. One of the reasons Liberals were not championing their past achievements was because Labor was sabotaging them with a deliberate and sinister campaign orchestrated by the Prime Minister himself. By manipulating Australian history Paul Keating was trying to make the Liberal Party an irrelevancy in late twentieth century Australia.
Howard aired his fears in an address to the Samuel Griffith Society - the organisation formed by the likes of Sir Harry Gibbs and former National Party senator John Stone to defend the Constitution against the Republican onslaught - in November 1993. In a paper titled 'Mr Keating's Mirage on the Hill: How the Republic, Like the Cheshire Cat, Came and Went', Howard warned his audience:
The Prime Minister is engaged in a major exercise of re-writing Australian history, and of changing the way in which we see ourselves and how we reflect on where we have been and what we have achieved. He knows the power of historical illusions. He seeks frequently the unashamed use of his version of history to promote a modern day political argument. Paul Keating is also intent on marginalising the liberal/conservative contribution to Australian history and the Australian achievement. He has embraced the essentially negative view of our history and seeks in the context of Australia's necessary involvement in the burgeoning economics of the Asian/Pacific region to impose a wholly unnecessary choice between our past and our future (31).In an address to Henderson's Sydney Institute in mid-1994 titled 'Australian Liberalism: Grappling with the 1990s', Howard reiterated his warning:
In my opinion very few Liberals fully understand just how committed Paul Keating and many in the Labor Party are to the quite ruthless use of history, or more particularly their version of it, as a political weapon. Not only do they want to reinterpret Australian history to promote their contemporary political objectives but they also wish to marginalise the contribution of the Liberal/conservative side of Australian politics and entrench the Australian Labor Party as the only true product of Australia's political soil. It is an audacious task, but there are some signs it is succeeding (32).Howard's counter attacks in the 'Battle of History' were the first efforts by a conservative politician which did more than simply dismiss Keating's position. His strategy was two pronged and relied heavily on ideas expounded by conservative intellectuals, most notably the historian of the Liberal Party, Gerard Henderson. The Liberal past would be defended (as Puplick had also argued) at the same time the Labor past would be subjected to attack. With regard to defence the site chosen was the Menzies era. Howard was already on the public record for his strong defence of the Menzies era; for example at the 18th Young Liberal National Convention in January 1986 he claimed that 'history shows that the Menzies policies worked'(33). Without question Labor and its supporters had succeeded in denigrating the Menzies legacy but history could rehabilitate as well as destroy. Menzies could be rehabilitated by the Liberals just as Ben Chifley and Gough Whitlam had been by Labor. With regard to attack, what Gerard Henderson had earlier identified as the '"Gough is great" school of (misguided) Australian historicism' was quickly identified as the prime target (34).
Given the influence of Henderson, it was perhaps fitting that Howard launched his two-pronged strategy during his Sydney Institute address. 'Despite the later day writing of history to the detriment of much of the Menzies period' he reasserted that the Menzies era could be defended. For example was it not the Menzies Government's funding arrangement for non-government schools which helped end sectarianism in Australia? On the second front he claimed that 'Labor's success in re-writing history has reached its zenith in the rehabilitation of Gough Whitlam, whose three years as Prime Minister were typified by chaos, economic decline and political disarray' (35).
While two major Liberal milestones in 1994 - the 50th anniversary of the Party's formation and the centenary of Menzies birth - helped Howard, many Liberals still approached the celebration of the Menzian past and its use as a political weapon with some circumspection. A good example is former New South Wales Premier Nick Greiner's 'Centenary Oration' to the Menzies Foundation in October 1994. Challenged with the task of distilling 'the essence of Menzies success in the context of its relevance to the next century of both the Liberal Party and the nation', Greiner felt compelled to address Menzies 'occasional failures' as well as his 'manifest successes'. With the 'Liberal Party under Menzies ... on balance more negative than positive in its electoral campaigning and more conservative than liberal in its policies', Greiner's best defence was that Menzies' 'philosophy and later actions were absolutely appropriate and useful to his times'. Rebutting Howard's desires for the Menzian past, Greiner concluded: 'Not only our position but our language and symbols must, as Menzies did, be redolent of the present not the past' (36). Even Liberal Party elder, Sir Paul Hasluck, implied caution in this area when he remarked: 'Personally I can scarcely recognise in Australia today many of those characteristics which I thought were native to Australia in 1950' (37). Many Liberals seemed to accept (though not necessarily agree with) Geoffrey Bolton's thesis that 'Keating is by no means alone in seeing the high summer of Robert Menzies as the heyday of a mediocre consumer society, obsessed with the royal family and the British connections ...' (38).
While many in the Liberal Party accepted the wisdom of debunking Labor's claims for the past, the rest of the leadership did not appear publicly concerned about a Labor usurpation of history. Howard's ability to warn against this danger, however, improved markedly when 'Lazarus with the triple bypass' regained the Party leadership in January 1995. Perhaps ironically, however, Howard's return gave Labor a tactical advantage which compelled him to revise his strategy.
With Howard's elevation Paul Keating saw a golden opportunity for a major tactical victory in the Battle of History. While Alexander Downer's pedigree (son of a Menzies minister) and associations (such as the Adelaide Club) had allowed some opportunity to link him back to a Menzian past, Howard was much more easily labelled by Keating as a man of the past wanting to take Australia back 'down the time tunnel' to the 1950s. Keating's success on this front and Howard's preoccupation with the challenges of leadership saw the Liberals on the back foot in 1995. Keating's ability to paint Howard as 'yesterday's man' only reinforced the concern that too close a connection with the Menzian past could have negative political consequences. A new strategy was called for.
In seeking a new strategy Howard was aware that if the Liberals did not defend the Menzian past the claim that Labor and Gough Whitlam had laid the foundation stones of the Australian national edifice in the late 20th century would be further reinforced. As Howard had already warned, too many Australians already seemed to think that Australian history began in 1972 (39). The answer to the problem, however, was Harold Holt. Even the left-wing interpreters of Australian history had conceded that while Menzies was in their opinion 'unrepresentative of native traditions and aspirations' the 'sporty', 'matey', 'vigorous' and 'youthful' Holt was 'self-consciously Australian'(40). It had been Holt and his successors Gorton and McMahon, not Whitlam, who had laid the foundation stones for Australia in the late twentieth century and the current leadership of the Liberal Party were the direct descendants of these great achievers. The memory of Menzies was notable for its absence in the Liberal election campaign (41).
This readjustment of Liberal sights in the public debate also helped to overcome the burden of the past which Howard himself carried. One of the major concerns about John Howard's return to the leadership of the Liberal Party was the baggage he still carried from his public comments in 1988 concerning levels of Asian migration to Australia. It is recalled that in April 1988 Geoffrey Blainey had recaptured the public spotlight with claims that the level of Asian immigration to Australia posed a threat to the nation's future. These comments were followed shortly after by the public release of a Government commissioned report into immigration headed by former Ambassador to China and academic Stephen Fitzgerald. The report was interpreted in some quarters as a further criticism of the level of Asian migration and seeing a possible window of political opportunity Howard in late July began to speak in media interviews of a possible reduction in Asian migration under a Coalition Government, although he was 'not in favour of going back to a White Australia Policy' (42).
Rather than helping to secure political victory Howard's comments only hastened his political demise as leader of the Opposition - an irony given the fact it had been the first round of the Blainey Debate in 1984 which had helped weaken Andrew Peacock's position as Liberal Party Leader and deliver the crown to Howard. Of the political fallout from the Opposition's latest dalliance with Asian migration it was widely noted that by his actions Howard had ensured that Asian Australians would continue to vote en masse for the ALP as their political party despite the fact in terms of outlook on issues such as small business and the family the Asian community was the natural constituency of the Liberal Party.
To many Liberals another reason why the Asian community should be the natural constituency of the Liberal Party was the fact Harold Holt had abolished the White Australia Policy in 1966. Unfortunately for the Liberal Party, however, the 'prevailing left wing interpretation' of Australian history awarded this achievement to Gough Whitlam.
Within federal politics the orthodoxy had long held that both the ALP and the Liberal/National Coalition shared the laurels for securing the end of the White Australia Policy. This position reflected the bi-partisanship which had characterised immigration policy in the postwar period. Behind closed doors, however, ALP members firmly believed that it had been Gough Whitlam and Al Grassby (at the cost of his seat) who had ended White Australia.
In 1984 the public debate triggered by the comments of Professor Blainey saw the bi-partisan view of White Australia's demise crumble. Initially both sides of politics maintained the bi-partisan interpretation. In the house Special Minister of State Mick Young observed that 'it was a bi-partisan attitude back in the 1960s that eradicated the White Australia Policy'. Former Fraser Government Immigration Minister Ian McPhee agreed: 'One of the outstanding characteristics of this country has been that the immigration program went through a phase when it was racist and bi-partisanly so; then it got to the stage during Harold Holt's term onwards where it gradually became not only overtly non-racist, but in very practical terms non-racist ...' (43).
The Coalition's decision to attempt to exploit the so-called 'Blainey Debate' for political advantage, however, saw allegations that bi-partisanship was over in immigration policy and this was extended to the history of White Australia's demise. With the gloves off the ALP began to air the opinion its members had always privately held - that the Coalition had been dragged kicking and screaming to a non-discriminatory policy.
It was Gerard Henderson, then John Howard's Chief of Staff, who saw the danger of such an interpretation of the past and prepared Howard to resist it. In a forceful rebuttal to a mistimed attack on the Coalition by Foreign Affairs Minister Bill Hayden, Howard, in pleading for a return to bi-partisanship, also stoutly defended the Liberal role in White Australia's demise and even went further, deriding the Whitlam Government's record and concluding that the ALP had no moral authority over the Coalition on the issue (44). By this speech Howard, with Henderson's help, visited a policy issue and adopted a strategy which would be repeated ten years later during the'Battle of History'.
While Howard's speech of 1984 helped see bi-partisanship return to the historical interpretation of the White Australia Policy's decline, the second round of the Blainey debate in mid-1988 once again saw a breakdown in consensus. Interestingly it was not the product of an ALP assault on bi-partisanship but a Liberal re-interpretation.
During the 1988 debate the ALP saw advantage in maintaining the public pretence of historical bi-partisanship. Firstly it was decided that Howard could be marginalised by claiming the Opposition leader was breaking from the bi-partisan past. Secondly by showing that the Opposition was complicit in White Australia's demise it was hoped that any advantage the Coalition might have gained in more intolerant quarters of Australian society would be checked. In the House Prime Minister Bob Hawke accused John Howard of breaking 'one of the great and rare distinctions of political leadership in the last generation', namely 'the bi-partisan rejection of race as a factor in immigration policy'. Howard was 'the inheritor of the role but not the mantle of Holt, Gorton, McMahon and Malcolm Fraser' (45).
In his zeal to paint Howard as a traitor to the past, Hawke even put aside conventional ALP wisdom to claim that Harold Holt to his 'everlasting credit and honour abolished the White Australia Policy' (46). Such statements, however backfired on the Government. In defending his position as non-racist, Howard and the Coalition pointed to the Coalition's record - a record which the ALP itself had magnified to the exclusion of itself. Howard had the legitimate right to raise the immigration issue because 'We are the party that swept aside the White Australia Policy'. Even Ian McPhee who crossed the floor to vote with the Government during the subsequent debate noted that non-discrimination remained 'fundamental to the Coalition's policy' and had done so 'since the days of the Holt- McEwan Government' (47).
In the wake of the debate and Howard's political demise, the issue of credit for White Australia's abolition faded but it had reinforced for Liberals and their supporters a conviction that they alone had ended the White Australia Policy.
The issue remained dormant until just after the 'Battle of History' had began. On the evening of Sunday 31 March 1992 the ABC's True Stories program aired a documentary on the history of the White Australia Policy titled Admission Impossible. The program supported the notion that the Whitlam Government abolished the White Australia Policy in 1973. To the likes of Gerard Henderson this documentary was another well timed 'historical distortion' which saw another significant national achievement of the postwar era being awarded to the wrong side of politics - another contribution to the 'Gough is great school'. In his regular weekly column in the Sydney Morning Herald Henderson wrote a piece entitled 'Bollocks to the myth of Gough ending White Australia Policy'. In speaking of the 'emerging legend' he noted how the '"Whitlam abolished White Australia" cause had received a huge boost ...' despite the that fact the 'historical evidence clearly pointed' to 1966 as the year the policy was 'junked'. With this defence he then counter attacked - discrediting the Whitlam thesis through reference to Whitlam's tardy response to the issue of Vietnamese refugees (48). This, of course, was the strategy Howard would adopt in the 'Battle of History'.
While Henderson's comments drew some debate, the issue quickly faded until the soul searching following the 1993 defeat. In his plea for the recognition of history's role as a political tool Puplick noted: 'No party has a better record on immigration (be it abolition of the White Australia Policy, the provision of multicultural services or the promotion of racial tolerance ...' (49) In attempting to repair the links with the Asian community which were damaged by the events of 1988 Peter Costello used the Party's historical regard to claim that Howard's One Australia Policy was simply 'a passing policy' (50).
On Howard's return to the leadership, however, the issue remained a sensitive one which could be exploited by the Government. The solution to the problem was history. The past could be used to rehabilitate John Howard. As well as admitting that his plans of 1988 had been poorly conceived and misunderstood, Howard in the lead up to the election of 1996 spent much time within Asian communities giving them the Liberal interpretation of White Australia's demise. Thus by using the past Howard had some success in putting the past behind him. His comments of 1988 had been an aberration and he had now returned to the proud tradition of racial non-discrimination which had characterised Coalition immigration policy since Harold Holt had abolished the White Australia Policy in 1966. Reference to his own past as a senior Fraser Government minister and that Government's outstanding achievements in Indochinese refugee policy helped to reinforce such notions.
Perhaps the most interesting aspect of this tussle over White Australia's demise was the fact that little had been written about the end of the policy and both sides of politics relied on their own internal traditions. By 1995, however, Howard could dip into an emerging body of work which supported his statement. Not surprisingly Gerard Henderson's 50 year history of the Liberal Party, Menzies Child and another book of his examining the Howard Coalition claimed that White Australia had been 'junked' or 'effectively demolished' in 1966 though, in something of a departure from earlier statements, Henderson now claimed it was neither Holt nor Whitlam but Malcolm Fraser who oversaw the 'final dismantling of all vestiges of the White Australia Policy' (51). Further support for Howard's 1966 Holt thesis came from Geoffrey Blainey's Shorter History of Australia (published in 1994) and Sandra Tweedie's Trading Partners : Australia and Asia, 1790 - 1993 (also published in 1994 ) (52).
More generally Howard and shadow immigration minister Jim Short used the Holt 1966 thesis as a historical underpinning for the Coalition immigration and multicultural election platform. Both made repeated references in public engagements to the Holt Government's abolition of White Australia. In his address to the 1995 Australian Council of Social Service Congress which had the appropriate themes of 'Social Justice: Fact, Fiction and the Future' Howard delivered a paper in which he defended the Coalitions' 'proud record of achievement' in social policy by noting amongst other historical evidence that it was a 'Liberal National government that ended the White Australia Policy' (53). A similar statement was included in the Coalition's published policy documents on immigration, and multicultural affairs and settlement policy (54).
That the Liberal Party was finally fighting back with some effectiveness was revealed by events in the Senate in November 1995. With their claims for Holt and the end of White Australia the historical bi-partsianship on immigration was finally over and the ALP once again moved to publicly air the opinions that had always been privately held. The Coalition was simply 'running around the electorate spreading disinformation'. The Liberal guns had to be spiked and in this regard Labor had the support of the first detailed examinations of the policy's demise which supported the Party's own thesis that Whitlam and Grassby ended the White Australia Policy (55). More generally the 'prevailing left wing' interpreters as exampled by Grimshaw, Lake, McGrath and Quartley's 1994 book Creating A Nation supported the Whitlam thesis (56).
On the morning of 23 November Labor began its attack with a dorothy dixer to Immigration and Ethnic Affairs Minister Nick Bolkus asking when did the White Australia Policy end. Noting that the Policy was abolished by the Whitlam Government in 1973 he noted that Holt's changes of 1966 were 'minor and the evidence that Holt was not seeking to end the policy was "quite damning" '. Bolkus concluded that 'Any historian will tell you that Al Grassby and Gough Whitlam changed the white Australia policy. Any historian will tell you that what Senator Short and Mr Howard are about is dissembling the facts' (57) Senator Short later counter attacked noting that the 'essential', the 'watershed' decisions were taken in 1966. In this he was joined by Queensland National Party Senator Bill O'Chee who adopted the Howard policy of defence and attack. The Holt Government had abolished White Australia but as important:
The people on the other side inherited the most racist political party in this country. They should hang their heads in shame. The suggestion that the Labor Party abolished the WAP and was the friend of the Asian Community in this country is quite clearly disgraceful, dishonest and dastardly. I believe all Australians should condemn the Government for the way in which it has so wistfully misled the people and the Senate today (58).
Short concluded his attack with the claim that he and Australians of all backgrounds were 'absolutely sick to death of the continual revisionist attempts by this government to rewrite the migration history of this nation, particularly the abolition of the white Australia policy' (59).
The battle of the Senate saw no outright victory though Labor pursued the issue and associated themes. Immigration Minister Senator Nick Bolkus used Howard's December 'Headland' speech to argue that the Leader of the Opposition was 'firmly rooted in the monocultural Australia of the 1950s' and that 'his version of history is coloured by a rosy nostalgia which dismisses the racism of the early and mid-20th century' (60). Such efforts, however, did not stop the Liberal juggernaut. Through December, January and February the Party continued to air its interpretation of White Australia's demise. On the Sunday program on the Nine Network the week before the election Deputy Opposition Leader Tim Fischer took time to insist that Harold Holt (and John McEwan) ended the White Australia Policy and that it was a travesty of justice that the ALP claimed otherwise (61).
History did play a role in John Howard's election strategy and was not confined to immigration matters. Two other policy areas where the Coaltion dabbled in history were foreign affairs and indigenous affairs both of which became more important in the wake of the election. Prior to the election the ALP dominated the political battle over the Australian past. Thanks to Howard's effort in first alerting his colleagues to the dangers of this fact and then implementing strategies to resist, he did dent Labor's sense of imperviousness in matters historical. The ALP was forced to strenuously defend its interpretation of the past for the first time. Whether it also succeeded in rehabilitating John Howard is more difficult to say but it certainly helped to ensure the legacy of 1988 had no perceptible impact on the campaign. This said, on the issue of White Australia, an article published in the Sydney Morning Herald on the day of the election claimed that Labor could continue to rely on the 'Asian vote' despite the Coalition's efforts and that many Asian voters had not been convinced that Howard's statements of 1988 were an aberration (62).
If Keating's aim in the Battle of History was, as Howard alleged, to make the Liberal Party an irrelevancy in Australian national life in the late twentieth century, their victory at the 2 March 1996 poll was a catastrophic defeat for the ALP in more ways than one. Howard, however, was not prepared to claim victory in the 'Battle of History'. A huge struggle still awaited if the Liberal/National Government was to fulfil the Orwellian dictum and although the Conservatives would have the advantages of government which Labor had enjoyed in waging the fight, the ALP in opposition could still rely on its fellow travellers - the 'prevailing left-wing historians'. As Greg Pemberton warned in the aftermath of the poll: 'So you thought the battle over Australian history ended with Paul Keating's departure from Canberra in March. Well think again' (63). A new phase of the Battle awaited.
(1) An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 1996 Australian Historical Association Biennial Conference at the University of Melbourne and was titled 'When Did the White Australia Policy End?'. My thanks to Chris Dixon and Susan Shaw for their comments.
(2). Pauline Hanson, Letter to the Editor, Queensland Times, 10 April 1996.
(3). Jeff Kennett, 'The Crown and the States' in Upholding the Australian Constitution, Volume Two, Proceedings of the Second Conference of the Samuel Griffith Society, Melbourne, 30 July - 1 August 1993, Samuel Griffith Society, Melbourne, 1993, pix.
(4). John Howard, 'The Liberal Tradition: The Beliefs and Values which Guide the Federal Government', Sir Robert Menzies Lecture, 18 November 1996, http://www.nla.gov.au/pmc/pressrel/menzies.html
(5). John A. Moses, Introduction, Australian Journal of Politics and History, Special Issue: Historical Disciplines in Australia, Volume 41, 1995, pi.
(6). Jeffrey Gray, 'Confrontation: Then and Now', Sydney Papers, Winter, 1996, p113.
(7). Joshua Foa Dienstag, ''The Pozsgay Affair": Historical Memory and Political Legitimacy, History and Memory, Vol 8, No 1, Spring 1996, pp. 51-65.
(8). See for example Anita Shapira, 'Politics and Collective Memory: The Debate over the "New Historians" in Israel', History and Memory Special Issue Israeli Historiography Revisited, Vol 7. No 1, Spring/Summer, 1995, pp. 9-40.
(9). Dienstag, "The Pozsgay Affair'.
(10). James H. McDonald, 'Whose History? Whose Voice? Myth and Resistance in the Rise of the New Left in Mexico', Cultural Anthropology, Vol 8, No 1, 1992, pp96-116.
(11). See for example Martin Travers, 'History Writing and the Politics of Historiography: The German Historikerstreit', Australian Journal of Politics and History, Vol 37, No 2, 1990, pp246-261.
(12). See for example Ian Baruma, The Wages of Guilt: Memories of War in Germany and Japan, New York, 1994.
(13). See for example Jock Phillips "Our History, Our Selves. The Historians and National Identity', New Zealand Journal of History, Vol 30, No 2, October 1996, pp107-123.
(14). See for example Stephen Robinson, '1992 and All That', The Spectator, 9 November 1991, pp16-18; Richard Ryan, '1492 and All That', Commentary, Vol 93, No 5, May 1992, pp41-46; Steve J. Stern, 'Paradigms of Conquest: History, Historiography and Politics', Journal of Latin American Studies, Vol 24, Supplementary, 1992, pp1-34; Ramesh Ponnuru, 'Historians in Court: Aborting History', National Review, Vol 47, No 20, 23 October 1995, pp29-32.; Robert Cohen, 'Moving Beyond Name Games: The Conservative Attack on the U.S. History Standards', Point of View, January 1996, pp49-54; Anon, 'Search for Consensus', The cq Researcher, Vol 5, No 36, 28 September 1995, p869-70; Peter J Kuznicj, Vday Mohan, Akihiko Kimijima 'Facing Our Histories' Economic and Political Weekly, 15 April 1995, pp799-800; Ronald Smothers, 'Issue Behind King Memorial: Who Owns History?', New York Times, 16 January 1995.
(15). Ian Hancock, 'The Liberal's neglected past', Quadrant, October 1995, Vol 39, No 10, p49.
(16). Geoffrey Bolton, 'Beating Up Keating: British Media and the Republic', in D. Grant and G. Seal (eds) Australia in the World: Perceptions and Possibilities, Black Swan Press, Perth, 1994, p149.
(17). Geoffrey Bolton, 'Two Pauline Versions', in S. Prosser, J.R. Nethercote and J. Warhurst (eds) The Menzies Era: A Reappraisal of Government and Policy, Hale and Iremonger, 1995, pp33-34. Of course in this regard Keating was ably assisted by his speech writer, historian Don Watson, and with regard to the specific issue of British betrayal, David Day's revisionist accounts of Anglo-Australian relations during World War II set against a more general backdrop offered by Manning Clark. Keating's regard for Clark was reciprocated. See Peter Ryan, 'Manning Clark', Quadrant, September 1993, p18. See also David Day, The Great Betrayal: Britain, Australia and the Onset of the Pacific War, 1939-42, Angus and Robertson, Sydney, 1988.
(18). John Howard, 'Mr Keating's Mirage on the Hill: How the Republic, Like the Cheshire Cat, came and Went', Upholding the Australian Constitution, Volume Three, Proceedings of the Third Conference of Samuel Griffith Society, Fremantle, 5-6 November 1993, Samuel Griffith Society, Melbourne, 1994, p115.
(19). Of course history was important to the Republican debate. As James Warden has noted with acknowledgment to Machiavelli, history is 'the great device of [republican] ideological legitimisation'. See James Warden, 'The Fettered Republic: The Anglo-American Commonwealth and the Traditions of Australian Political Thought', Australian Journal of Political Science, Special Issue, Vol 28, 1993, p89;
(20). Bruce Knox, 'Fantasies and Furphies: The Australian Republican Agenda' in Upholding the Constitution: Proceedings of The Samuel Griffith Society Inaugural Conference, Melbourne, July 24-26 1992, Samuel Griffith Society, Melbourne, 1994, p210.
(21). Patrick Morgan, 'Rethinking the Australian Dream', IPR Review, Vol 46, No 3, 1993, p38.
(22). Gerard Henderson, 'Bollocks to myth of Gough Ending White Australia', Sydney Morning Herald, 31 March 1992, p11. This contest between positive and negative interpretations of Australia's past had found voice during the 1988 Bicentenary. See Raymond Evans, 'Blood Dries Quickly: Conflict Study and Australian Historiography', Australian Journal of Politics and History, vol 41, Special Issue, 1995. See also Robert Murray, 'Seven Myths about Australia', Quadrant, May 1992, pp40-44. A review of the American literature cited earlier shows an uncanny similarity in the argument and vocabulary used by conservative intellectuals in both countries.
(23). Peter Connolly, 'Should the Courts Determine Social Policy?', Upholding the Constitution, Volume Two, p83.
(24). Geoffrey Partington would later write that Reynolds made a significant contribution to 'the High Court of Australia's conscious rejection of Australia's history'. While not singling out himself Reynolds had noted that the History Department at James Cook University had 'played a fundamental role in the fundamental reinterpretation of Australia's past which found expression in the Mabo decision'. Geoffrey Partington, 'The Aetiology of Mabo', Upholding the Australian Constitution, Volume Three, p1; Henry Reynolds, 'Introduction' in Reynolds (Ed) Introduction to Race Relations in North Queensland, James Cook University, Townsville, 1993, p.3.
(25). Malcolm Fraser in 'The Future of the Liberal Party - A Forum', Quadrant, May 1993, p13.
(26). Michael Kroger, 'The Future of the Liberal Party, Quadrant, June 1993, pp20-21.
(27). Graeme Campbell in 'The Future of the Liberal Party - A Forum', p21.
(28). Chris Puplick, 'The Party's Over? The Future of the Liberals', Sydney Papers, Spring 1993, Vol 5, No 4, pp109, 118. Puplick had been airing this view for some time. In an address to the 18th Young Liberal National Convention on 9 January 1986 he stated: 'But you may ask why hark back to an era which started before most of us were born? ... In the first place because in harking back to our origins we can be made more aware of the purposes for which we came into being as a Party representing all and serving all Australians. Secondly because those policies and principles were accepted by the electorate and given support and approval'. Chris Puplick, 'The Responsibilities of Liberalism', Address to the 18th Young Liberal National Convention, www.vicnet.net.au/(tm)victorp/vcontent.htm#Part14.
(29). Judith Brett, Robert Menzies' Forgotten People, Sun Books, 1992 . Brett contributed more specifically to the discussion in the wake of the defeat in articles such as 'Liberal Philosophy from Menzies to Hewson', Australian Quarterly, Spring, 1993, Vol 63, No3, pp45-56.
(30). Peter Costello, 'The Liberal Party and its Future', Australian Quarterly, Vol 65, No3, Spring 1993, p21.
(31). Howard, 'Mr Keating's Mirage on the Hill'. With regard to Howard's reference to the 'essentially negative view of our history' the positive/negative dichotomy had seen two recent contributions from conservative intellectuals. The first was Geoffrey Blainey's 'Drawing Up a Balance Sheet of Our History', Quadrant, July-August 1993, pp10-15, which labelled the two poles as the 'Three Cheers' view verse the 'Black Armband' view, and Peter Ryan's 'long overdue axe' of 'tall poppy' Manning Clark which noted that Australian history was never 'as black as Clark so wickedly paints it'. See Ryan, 'Manning Clark', p22.
(32). John Howard, 'Australian Liberalism', Sydney Papers, Vol 6, Summer 1994, p37.
(33). Puplick, 'The Responsibilities of Liberalism'.
(34). Henderson, 'Bollocks to myth of Gough ending White Australia Policy'.
(35). Howard, 'Australian Liberalism', p32. This view had already been expressed by Melbourne Communists in 1988 when they published a pamphlet which attacked the 'Whitlam myth' and the 'Fabian dreaming of the lost land of Gough'. They spoke of the 'Whitlam industry' which 'continues to perpetuate the 'Whitlam legend'. Committee to Reconstruct the Communist Party, 'The Whitlam Myth', Melbourne, April, 1988, p1.
(36). Nick Greiner, 'Menzies and the Liberal - Into the Next Century', Menzies Foundation, Melbourne, 1994, pp14, 19, 25.
(37). Hasluck made the remark in an address launching the first volume of Upholding the Constitution. See Upholding the Constitution, Volume Three, Appendix 1, p155.
(38). Geoffrey Bolton, Who Owns Australia's Past?,: Inaugural Lecture delivered at the University of Queensland, 18 March 1992, University of Queensland, St Lucia, 1993, p3. The academic investigation of the Menzies Era continued with a vigour hitherto unseen. See for example Prosser, Nethercote and Warhurst, The Menzies Era; Nicholas Brown, Governing Prosperity: Social Change and Social Analysis in Australia in the 1950s, Cambridge University Press, Melbourne, 1995; Paul Smythe, Australian Social Policy: The Keynesian Chapter, UNSW Press, Sydney, 1994; and Mark Rolfe 'The Fordist Highway to Australia Unlimited: Americanisation and development of Australia during the Menzies Era', PhD, School of Political Science, University of NSW, 1995. .
(39). Howard, 'Australian Liberalism', p37.
(40). Robin Gerster and Jan Basset, Seizures of Youth: The Sixties and Australia, Hyland House, Melbourne, 1991, pp10-11.
(41). Howard's most substantial public reference to the Menzies legacy during the campaign was his address to the Menzies Research Centre on 6 June 1995. Titled 'The Role of Government: A Modern Liberal Approach', his reference to Menzies was subdued and confined to his opening remarks.
(42). P. Kelly, The End of Certainty: The story of the 1980s, Allen and Unwin, Sydney, 1992, p420.
(43). Commonwealth Parliamentary Debates, House of Representatives, 5 April 1984, pp2018-2020.
(44). Kelly, The End of Certainty, p133.
(45). CPD, H of R, 25 August 1988, pp402-405.
(46). Ibid.
(47). Ibid.
(48). Henderson, 'Bollocks to myth'.
(49). Puplick, 'The Party's Over', p118.
(50). Costello, 'The Liberal Party', p17.
(51). Gerard Henderson, Menzies Child: The Liberal Party of Australia, 1944-1994, Allen and Unwin, Sydney, 1994, pp148,192, 259; Henderson, A Howard Government?: Inside the Coalition, Harper Collins, Sydney 1995, p99.
(52). Geoffrey Blainey, A Shorter History of Australia, William Heinemann, Melbourne, 1994, p218; Sandra Tweedie, Trading Partners: Australia and Asia, 1790 - 1993, UNSW Press, Sydney, 1994, p200.
(53). John Howard, 'Fair Australia: Address to the Australian Council of Social Service', Sydney 13 October 1995, http//www.adfa.oz.au/(tm)adm/lib/STATEMENTS/Fair_Aust.html.
(54). Liberal and National Party Coalition, 'Immigration Policy' Australian Liberal Party, Melbourne, 1995; Liberal and National Party Coalition, 'Multicultural Affairs & Settlement Policy', Australian Liberal Party, Melbourne, 9 February 1995.
(55). Nancy Viviani (Ed), The Abolition of the White Australia Policy: The Immigration Reform Movement Revisited, Centre for the Study of Australia-Asia Relations, Nathan, 1992; Sean Brawley, '"Long Hairs and Ratbags: The ALP and the abolition of the White Australia Policy', in Gough Whitlam et al, A Century of Social Change, Pluto Press, Sydney, 1992, p202-219; Sean Brawley, The White Peril: Foreign Relations and Asian Immigration to North America and Australasia, 1919-1978, UNSW Press, Sydney, 1995; Neville Meaney, 'White Australia and Australia's Changing Perceptions of Asia, 1945-1990', Australian Journal of International Affairs, Vol 46, No2, November 1995, pp171-190.
(56). Patricia Grimshaw, Marilyn Lake, Ann McGrath and Marian Quartly, Creating a Nation, 1788-1990, McPhee Gribble, Ringwood, 1994, p304.
(57). Commonwealth Parliamentary Debates, Senate, 23 November 1995, p3831.
(58). Ibid, p3843.
(59). Ibid, p3842.
(60). Press Release, Senator Nick Bolkus, Department of Immigration, B147/95, 14 December 1995.
(61).Tim Fischer interviewed on the Sunday Program, Nine Network, 25 February 1996.
(62). Sydney Morning Herald, 2 March 1996.
(63). Geoffrey Pemberton, 'Into the Fray of Partisan History, Australian, 12 June 1996, p13.
|Published: 04-27-1997
http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/articles/brawley .htm


text:
The Simpsons: Itchy and Scratchy Land
Homer: But Marge, I was a political prisoner.
Marge: How were you a political prisoner?
Homer: I kicked a giant mouse in the butt. Do I have to draw you a diagram?
In this episode, the family travels to Itchy and Scratchy Land, which is what Disney World would be if instead of "happiness" the motif was "unmitigated violence." The episode, especially when everything goes haywire and the Itchy and Scratchy robots begin attacking tourists, spoofs both West World and Jurassic Park (which makes sense, considering Jurassic Park is essentially West World with dinosaurs). The final battle between the Simpsons and the robot army, which they must battle alone after being left behind on the island due to Homer and Bart's proclivity for kicking costumed park personnel in the butt, is priceless. Before they realize that camera flashes cause the robots to short circuit, Homer improvises by throwing random objects from his pockets, and eventual, tearing his own underwear out of his pants and throwing that, too.
Revisiting this episode, I had forgotten how many great moments it had. I loved that the gift shop had no bicycle license plates with the name "Bart" on them, but plenty with "Bort." Apparently it's a very popular name. The episode also nicely satirizes the older polemical cartoons that were churned out and banned in subsequent years by studios like Disney and Warner Bros. when it alludes to a 1938 feature by Itchy and Scratchy creator Roger Meyers called "Nazi Supermen Are Our Superiors."
The episode also contains one of my favorite Itchy and Scratchy moments, a take off on Fantasia called Scratchtasia. More than just Looney Tunes-inspired violence amplified by a million, the Itchy and Scratchy segments are usually more clever than they appear on the surface. I love how Scratchy chops an army of tiny Itchys into dust, and then inhales the dust, only to have millions of the microscopic masochists chop him into cat liver from the inside out.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Defining market segment for different type of mobile service providers
Date: Author: Student Nr: Course:
February 2012 Fadly Hamka 4073304 MOT2910 – Msc Thesis Project
Graduation Committee Chairman: Prof. Yao-Hua Tan (Delft University of Technology) Prof. Dr. W.A.G.A (Harry) Bouwman (Delft University of Technology) st 1 supervisor: Dr. Ir. G.A. (Mark) de Reuver (Delft University of Technology) 2nd supervisor: Dr. Ir. M. Kroesen (Delft University of Technology) Program: Section: Management of Technology (MOT) Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, Delft University of Technology
Smartphone's Customer Segmentation and Targeting: Defining market segment for different type of mobile service providers Page
In recent years, mobile service usage increase rapidly following the emerging use of smartphone technology by the mobile users. The increase use of mobile service poses challenge for actors in mobile ecosystem to constantly meet the dynamic change of needs and requirement of mobile users. Through market segmentation, actors such as network operator, handset manufacturer, and application provider are able to distinguish behavior usage or preferences on mobile services for each market segment and use this information to design or offer specific product that meet the behavior or preferences of the user in each market segment. This paper explores the use of market segmentation on the perspective of actors in mobile ecosystem which are network operator, handset manufacturer and application provider. Furthermore, this paper also explores the interaction that may exist between each actor by analyzing the relation between the resulted segments of each perspective. Our findings show that the resulted market segment can be identified based on their level of voice, SMS and data usage and also based on their application usage behavior. Related to...


text:
Pair a visit to the Falls with a day at one of Niagara's other popular water-related attractions.
Save 50% on full-day passes to Waves Indoor Water Park with this Travelzoo exclusive.
For $15 per person (includes all taxes, fees and parking), families can splash around an 25,000-square-foot water fantasyland where temperatures remain a balmy 84 degrees year-round.
This deal is valid through Dec. 26 -- including weekends.
Note: Price is in Canadian dollars.
Travelzoo Tip: Plan the perfect Niagara vacation by learning about highlights and hidden gems.
Please go to your email and confirm your subscription.


text:
Chubby Blondy is a real porn star among those desperate Italian housewives, hungry for cocks and getting a new one daily. Seductive and plump, she treats the cock like a caring mother, cuddling it with her big fat breasts and nimble hands. A plenty of porn movies made by this amateur Italian slut are exposed on her personal porn site Chubby Blondy!
Read full «Chubby Blondy - Italian Milf» review here
Mister Peabody Europe - Gorgeous European Babes
Mister Peabody is a famous figure among porn stars and producers. This guy turns on most of the beautiful babes around Europe and US, because he's just pro in what he's doing. Mister Peabody Europe is a large porn site ran by this guy, featuring the most delicious pussies of European babes open up in front of his overbearing sexuality and power.
Read full «Mister Peabody Europe - Gorgeous European Babes» review here
Dutch Fantasies - Holland Sex Trips
Hungry for some fresh amateur porn? Want something exotic? There is definitely nothing more exotic for us, stuffed with Asians and blacks, than good old northern flesh. Blue eyes and blond hair, tall girls and slender waists, that's Denmark! Best of home videos from those seductive blond ladies are exposed on Dutch Fantasies, the amateur porn site!
Read full «Dutch Fantasies - Holland Sex Trips» review here
Teen Porn Storage - Best Teens
Teen Porn Storage is just a place for several horny teen babes to play, because its models are awesome but not many. This resource also focuses on high quality pictures and videos, because only HD video is able to deliver the best watching experience and show all the passion and beauty the young sluts get. Join Teen Porn Storage for exclusive vids!
Read full «Teen Porn Storage - Best Teens» review here
Tasty Teen Video - Premium Teen Porn
If there is something better and more tempting than a pink teen pussy, yet wet in anticipation of hardcore screwing, than I should be mad. Because the porn site Tasty Teen Videos is the fucking awesome resource, the best that I've ever seen. It exposes godly young ladies and their pussies in a plenty of super high quality, exclusive porn movies.
Read full «Tasty Teen Video - Premium Teen Porn» review here
Jizz On Teens - Two Mouths For One Dick
Those horny ladies are born hookers, but they would work for free, because all that they want is cum! This magical white liquid makes them so horny and cheers them up after hardcore fucking and blowjob. They put all their efforts onto trying to milk it out of huge dicks, offered to them by Jizz On Teens, and the sex final is predictable for sure.
Read full «Jizz On Teens - Two Mouths For One Dick» review here
Watch Me Fucked - Teen POV Action
Watch Me Fucked is the #1 site in teen POV niche, featuring Russian girls getting shamelessly fucked in its hot porn videos. This resource provides you with top grade porn movies, best teen models and the hardest way of fucking they know. Over a hundred of exclusive, fresh and enticing videos with Russian teen girls are exposed on Watch Me Fucked.
Read full «Watch Me Fucked - Teen POV Action» review here
Just Teens Porn - Naive Girls Banged
Girls who have just started having sex and still find it new and exciting, are the best models for adult videos, because those teens look good and fuck even better. Just Teens Porn is the resource exposing teens and only teens in the most hardcore, sweet and spicy scenes, where their tight wet pussies get drilled and dug by horny teen boyfriends.
Read full «Just Teens Porn - Naive Girls Banged» review here
Pearl Teens - Teens Porn Site
Pearl Teens is a totally pink site, but it's pink like a pussy, not like a beautiful dress. The natural color of Pearl Teens lets it expose the wildest erotic scenes with massive dicks and hungry young ladies, ready to ride it! The insatiable models on Pearl Teens eagerly take around 12 inches of solid meat into their wet pussies and just smile!
Read full «Pearl Teens - Teens Porn Site» review here
Euro Teen Movs - Gorgeous Amateur Girls From EU
Euro Teen Movs is the perfect site to enjoy the super high quality porn movies with most attractive blond and brunette girls from the Europe. If you thing that you know what HD is, than we recommend you talking a look at Euro Teen Movs. This HD looks better than reality, that's true. Amazing sweet pussies and tight booties are waiting for you!
Read full «Euro Teen Movs - Gorgeous Amateur Girls From EU» review here
UK Teaze - Hottest Britain Chicks
UK Teaze is a simple, but attractive porn site with convenient navigation, a plenty of high quality and beautiful content and easy access. This resource features beautiful British sluts as they are, showing them teasing their young cute pussies and playing with funny sex toys. Enjoy the perfect view of some freshest British pussies on UK Teaze!
Read full «UK Teaze - Hottest Britain Chicks» review here
Old Couple Fuck Teen - Hot Old And Young Sex Parties
Old Couple Fuck Teen is the new era entertainment, which exposes not just young and tight flesh stretching on a good old cock, but also the problem of generations conversation. If you seek something to busy not just your hands but your mind, you'll like the porn site Old Couple Fuck Teen, because it contains high quality and unusual porn episodes.
Read full «Old Couple Fuck Teen - Hot Old And Young Sex Parties» review here
18 Only Girls - Perverted Euro Teens
18 Only Girls is a porn site that actually offers you more than it promises. This resource is full of stunning young ladies, who really look barely legal, and you even feel some inconvenience, watching those little girls tease their not fully formed yet bodies for your entertainment. Not many xxx videos are exposed there, but all of them are great!
Read full «18 Only Girls - Perverted Euro Teens» review here
Young Legal Porn - Barely Legal Teenagers Fuck
Young Legal Porn is an impersonation of your dreams about cute teen girls, who know enough to be perfect porn models. Those babes have got their sexual desire awakened and now they don't know what to do with their ripe bodies, seeking sex. Porn site Young Legal Porn exposes most attractive of them in high quality xxx videos for your entertainment.
Read full «Young Legal Porn - Barely Legal Teenagers Fuck» review here
Skinny Super Girl - Hot Teen
If you feel attraction to young flesh, you should check Gloria's porn videos. This amazing young and pure babe plays in the most beautiful and tempting pieces of masturbation, naked body exposition and sex on Skinny Super Girl. This porn site shows the most attractive skinny teen girls in extremely hot porn scenes without any limitations and taboo!
Read full «Skinny Super Girl - Hot Teen» review here
Beata Porn - Official Site
If you're hungry for some teen porn, you should try Beata Porn site, as its model is one of the most tempting young ladies online. Dark long hair, large and round breasts, cute pussy and sufficient sex desire make Beata really exciting, and she's playing in porn movies from her 18! It's hard to find anything as sexy as this slut riding a fat cock!
Read full «Beata Porn - Official Site» review here
Vika Nymph - Official Site
Young and juicy, Vika is a real nymph, that's why her personal porn site is called like this. She is obsessed with sex, loving big dicks and fresh pussies before anything else. Insane scenes of masturbation, cock riding, blowjobs and lesbian sex with amazing teens and Vika ahead are exposed on Vika Nymph porn site, fresh and ready for watching.
Read full «Vika Nymph - Official Site» review here
Alice Wonder Bang - Nasty Teen
If you wonder, who's Alice, you should visit the porn site Alice Wonder Bang, because there you will know everything about this seductive teen slut, from the size of her nipples to her lesbian sex preferences. Insatiable and shameless, Alice and her teen friend are welcoming you on Alice Wonder Bang, the teen porn site with lots of hot videos!
Read full «Alice Wonder Bang - Nasty Teen» review here
Natasha Shy - Official Site
One of the finest girls online, Natasha is a young babe with excellent body and beautiful face, who's got involved into porn action she doesn't want. Her hard nipples and sweet tight pussy are too valuable to let them fade without your attention! Visit porn site Natasha Shy and get acquainted with this delicious babe and her best sex episodes!
Read full «Natasha Shy - Official Site» review here
Sasha Blonde - Official Site
Sasha is one of the dirtiest sluts among her peers, and nothing can stop her from screwing. She loves big dicks and is completely into hardcore. Porn site Sasha Blonde exposes adventures of this lustful whore and her friends, making them look like real harlots. Only hardcore teen porn is exposed there, only HD videos are showing Sasha banging!
Read full «Sasha Blonde - Official Site» review here


text:
I want to commend the Lagos State Government for the establishment of the Traffic Radio in the state, which to my knowledge is first of its kind in Africa.
This initiative has really helped Lagos motorists and done wonders for road users in the state. It is a big surprise to hear state commissioners responding to issues online as the issues come up on radio. Governor Fashola and his team, well done.
Femi Ajibade,
25, Ojekale Street, Bariga,
Lagos State,


text:
Addison by Tony Bowls in Silver
Open toe silver strappy sandal with 3 3/4" heel.
Unfortunately, the item you are looking for (
Style: FO-35021
Name: Addison by Tony Bowls in Silver
) is no longer available at PromGirl.
Don't worry, we have lots more items to choose from! See below for other suggestions that we think you will love!


text:
Godspeed, brothers and sisters. You fought the good fight. Now rest in peace…
Belgium: Goodbye to a colleague who died in serviceOfficer Down: Gil Duquesnoy - [Jemappes, Belgium, ]
Biographical Info
Age: 32
Additional Info: Inspector Duquesnoy leaves behind a wife and three children.
Incident Details
Cause of Death: Inspector Duquesnoy was killed in an accident.
Date of Incident: July 24, 2005
Translation of the French text by Johanne Tinck, La Dernière Heure 2005
JEMAPPES - Gil Duquesnoy was the victim of road accident which occurred at 03h30 Wednesday. The police inspector, 32 years old, leaves behind a wife and three children. Officers gathered in a crammed church to say goodbye to their colleague. His three children, on the arm of their mom, followed their dad to his last residence.
A colleague tearfully evoked the career of Gil, ". . .you will always remain with us. When we meet, we will always have a thought for you." The priest affirmed, "To die on the side of God is a victory over death." At the exit of the church, there were many who didn't know the inspector but wanted to be there ... "I find that one does not think enough of the fact that the police officers are there for us. I am present to pay homage to him."
Has an officer fallen in your department or local area? Submit news articles and information on the incident to the PoliceOne site.
Denotes officer was a registered member of the PoliceOne Community
Breaking Police News
Get the #1 Police eNewsletter
PoliceOne Exclusives
|6 things cops should know about vehicle pursuits and running Code 3 17
|Trials and tribulations of modern-day policing: How I keep my head up 4


text:
Spicy Breaded Chicken Wings
Sometime in the mid 80s I gave my father a subscription to Gourmet magazine. Looking back I think that's just about one of the most brilliant, inspired things I've ever done. Not only did it launch dad into what has become a life long passion for him, but we, his family, have been the ongoing beneficiaries of his recipe research and experiments. There is always something good cooking at my parent's house. These chicken wings are no exception. Dad found the recipe in a 1987 issue of Gourmet, for "deviled chicken wings". They are easy to make, relatively inexpensive (wings are cheap!), and insanely good. Great for appetizers for watching the playoffs, or as a main course with a side of Spanish rice.
- 1/2 cup Dijon mustard
- 1 Tbsp canola or grapeseed oil
- 2 teaspoons white wine vinegar
- 1 1/4 teaspoon dry mustard
- 1/4 teaspoon cayenne
- 3/4 cup fresh bread crumbs* or panko
- 3/4 cup freshly grated Parmesan cheese (about 3 ounces)
- 3 pounds chicken wings (12-14), wing tips cut off and discarded or saved for stock
*To make bread crumbs, take 2 or 3 slices of white sandwich bread, cut into 1-inch pieces, pulse in a food processor or blender until crumbly.
1 Preheat oven to 450°F. Oil the rack of a broiler pan.
2 In a large shallow bowl, whisk together the Dijon, oil, vinegar, dry mustard, and cayenne. In another bowl toss together the Parmesan and bread crumbs. Working one at time, coat the chicken wings with the mustard mixture, rubbing the mixture in well. Then press the wings, thick skin side down, into the bread crumb mixture. Place the wings on the prepared rack and broiler pan, crumb side up.
3 Bake wings in oven for 30 minutes, or until they are cooked through and golden brown.
Can be served warm or at room temperature. Can make ahead one day, chill, and reheat in 400°F until coating is crispy.


text:
'Scottish 3 and 4 star multi-pitch routes' ticklistcontributed by jacobfinn May/12
This public ticklist has been seen 12,048 times
This ticklist is a listing of all of the 3 and 4 star multi-pitch rock routes in Scotland, as described in the SMC guides. I am sorry if your favourite 2 star route is not in the list - don't blame me! Write to the SMC... There are though some discrepancies between the SMC grading and the UKC grading... I've gone with the SMC on this one. If there any omissions or errors, let me know!
172 users are subscribed to this ticklist, and none have completed the full list.
Login as Existing User to subscribe, which will show the climbs you've already ticked.


text: Photo courtesy of John Moore / Staff/ Getty Images [ Teams Trapping Grizzlies As Feds Eye Delisting By Associated Press June 22, 2014 Sixteen grizzlies have been captured so far this year by teams gathering information that will be used this fall to decide whether to propose lifting federal protections of the bears in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Read More|Comment Category: Montana News Tags: Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, Grizzly bear, trapping Send to a friend! Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Pin it! Reddit This! Share on Tumblr!


text:
Dr. Cindy Russell Steward
Doctor of Naturopathy, Nutritionist, DC
3000 Joe DiMaggio Blvd., #95-B
Round Rock, TX 78665
3/10's of a mile west of the Dell Diamond
Maintaining order rather than correcting disorder is the ultimate principle of wisdom. To cure disease after it has appeared is like digging a well when one feels thirsty or forging weapons after the war has already begun. –Nei Jing, 2nd century BC
Hand & Foot Pain Expert
(See page 1)
Whole Body Pain
Rheumatoid Arthritis & Lyme Disease
Because Lyme is such a controversial area
many in modern medicine won't even talk about
it or consider it as a possible diagnosis. They,
flat out refuse to order the tests for Lyme. Don't give up. Sometimes it is less expensive and faster to get the treatment without a diagnosis. If your symptoms improve then you have received the results you wanted. Is a diagnosis really what you are after or would you rather have relief from your pain?
To schedule your appointment


text:
THQ Cancels Saints Row: Drive-By for 3DS
Posted by James Newton
Dry your eyes
THQ's Saints Row: Drive-By won't be parking on 3DS after all, as the publisher has announced it's no longer developing the title.
The game was headed to Xbox Live and PlayStation Network as well as 3DS, but a THQ representative put a figurative bullet in its chances of coming to the console by confirming the game isn't in the works.
Are you disappointed you won't be able to interact with the unique world of Saints Row in 3D?
[via joystiq.com]


text:
Since seeing the Odd Life of Timothy Green, I'm anxious to see what Disney will be coming up with next! During the trailers, we saw Finding Nemo which is coming up on September 14th, they're re-releasing it in digital 3D and although the girls aren't usually big fans of 3D movies (they don't like the stylish glasses. ;)) they are dying to go to see it. Finding Nemo was a staple in Jillian's early introduction to movies!
Next up: Frankenweenie! Since Lauren seems to be afraid of her own shadow, I'm not sure how she'd do with this one, but Jessie is totally looking forward to it!
From creative genius Tim Burton ("Alice in Wonderland," The Nightmare Before Christmas") comes "Frankenweenie," a heartwarming tale about a boy and his dog. After unexpectedly losing his beloved dog Sparky, young Victor harnesses the power of science to bring his best friend back to life—with just a few minor adjustments. He tries to hide his home-sewn creation, but when Sparky gets out, Victor's fellow students, teachers and the entire town all learn that getting a new "leash on life" can be monstrous.
A stop-motion animated film, "Frankenweenie" was filmed in black and white and rendered in 3D, which will elevate the classic style to a whole new experience
On November 2- We can look forward to Wreck-It Ralph. The trailer is hysterical. The girls all asked if we could go see it. Tough for them we have to wait a bit for it to come out!
Toronto seems to be lucky with Lincoln. It opens in Toronto on the 9th of November, followed by worldwide release on November 16.
"Lincoln" focuses on the last four months of the president's life and the political strategizing he undertook at the close of the Civil War to ensure that slavery would be forever outlawed. "Our movie is really about a working leader who must make tough decisions and get things done in the face of overwhelming opposition," Spielberg says.
"Lincoln" is a DreamWorks, Twentieth Century Fox, Participant Media production opening in limited release November 9, expanding November 16, 2012
And finally, Disney is also re-releasing Monster's Inc in 3D. This was another favourite movie by the girls, so I'm sure they'll want to see it too!
Which ones are you most looking forward to? Even though I've seen both Finding Nemo and Monster's Inc. I think it's about time I watch them again!


text:
|American Reunion Clip
|Clip: Oz, Mia, Heather and Dron Play Never Have I Ever
|Related Titles:
|American Reunion
|Related Names:
|Tara Reid, Thomas Ian Nicholas, Jason Biggs, Mena Suvari, Jennifer Coolidge, Seann William Scott, Eddie Kaye Thomas, Chris Klein, Eugene Levy, John Cho, Alyson Hannigan
|Content Rating:
|Not Rated
|Video URL:
|Courtesy of:
|Screenplay, Inc.
Frequently Asked Questions
How do I get the video to play on my computer?
You can begin to play the video by clicking on the triangle "play" image sitting in the middle of the video player on this page.
If you do not see a video player on this page, you may not have Flash installed on your computer. To play a video, you need to have Flash 9+ installed on your computer. Versions of Flash are available for Mac, Windows, and Linux, and can be downloaded free of charge here.
If you have Flash 9+ installed on your computer and you still cannot see a video player, you may have installed Flash blocking or ad blocking software which prevents you from seeing this Flash video. To see the video, you will need to disable your blocking software on IMDb.com.
How do I report video problems?
You can suggest corrections for IMDb title, series or names associated with this video. If you believe this video is inappropriate, in violation of copyright, or is otherwise in violation of our Terms and Conditions, instead report it to our customer service staff. Once you've reported the video, a staff member will decide how to handle your feedback.
How can I upload my video to your site?
If you own the rights to movies, TV shows, clips or trailers and would like to upload them to IMDb for free streaming, please visit the video upload help page for additional information.
If you would like to upload a demo reel to your name page or the name page of someone you represent, sign up for IMDb Pro and use the Demo Reel service.
How do I submit feedback?
More information on IMDb video is available in our help section.


text:
Durable polyurethane resins
|FOB Price:
|US $ 4 - 7 / Kilogram | Get Latest Price
|Min.Order Quantity:
|200 Kilogram/Kilograms Durable polyurethane resins
|Supply Ability:
|30 Ton/Tons per Month Durable polyurethane resins
|Payment Terms:
|L/C,D/A,T/T,Western Union,MoneyGram
Quick Details
- Place of Origin: Shanghai, China (Mainland)
- Classification: Other Adhesives
- Main Raw Material: Polyurethane
- Usage: Construction, electronics
- Brand Name: Jorle
- Model Number: pu552
- Certification authority: RoHS, SGS, UL
- Color: Black,Red,Blue,White,transparent
- Application: For electronic
- Safety: Innocuous
- hardness: 65±5 Shore D
- water absorption: <0.2 24h,25℃,%
- tensile strength: >16 Mpa
Packaging & Delivery
|Packaging Details:
|Durable polyurethane resins as your requirement to pack
|Delivery Detail:
|Within 25-30 days upon receipt of your L/C or 30% deposit
SpecificationsDurable polyurethane resins
1.Avoid moisture,dirt andother atmospheric
2.Pass RoHS,SGS,UL certificates
Durable polyurethane resins
Durable polyurethane resins ,this product is of polyurethane series packaging materials, excellent electrical performance, impact resistance and weather resistance and fire resistance.
Conventional performance:
After curing properties:
Remark:All the above data come from 25 °C and 55% RH glue curing conditions after 7 days
Agent A 20KG; Agent B 18KG
Above for the product performance data in humidity, temperature 25 °C 70% when the test of a typical data, only for customers to use as reference, cannot guarantee in a specific environment can achieve when all the data. Please confirm with the measured data sheet when you used.
|Product Name
|Order Time(GMT+8)
Email to this supplier


text:
Show Details
The Infamous Stringdusters
Sat, March 30, 2013
Doors: 7:00 pm / Show: 8:00 PM
The Infamous Stringdusters are doing something right: earning critical acclaim, awards, and nominations aplenty; hosting their own successful music festival; forging their own record label, High Country Recordings; and quickly growing and enthusiastic fan base across the country. They sound like no one else, combining virtuosic chops on five traditional bluegrass instruments, with an ethos of pushing the genre forward. The Stringdusters' live show takes improvised string band music to new places, combining musicianship and songwriting with experimental performance and contagious energy flowing between the band and crowd. And with "Silver Sky", the first studio album on High Country Recordings, the band showcases their progressive nature and proficiency in the recording studio.
Event Times
- Saturday, March 30, 2013 8:00 PM


text:
Suffice it to say that our Game of the Week selections are undefeated this season.
What Happened
We still haven't gotten a real detailed report of what happened in Wolcott's 48-41 comeback win over Seymour, but we do know that the Wildcats grabbed first-half leads of 26-0 and 34-6. Joey Salemme was as involved as usual in Seymour's offense, and the passing game finally started clicking with Frank Marcucio and Christian Thurmond hooking up for three touchdowns.
We have to think the Eagles suffered at least a little bit of a hangover from their tough overtime loss against Naugatuck, but they finally started to turn it on just before the end of the first half on a 54-yard touchdown pass from Vincent Gambino to Adam Santopietro. Gambino went nuts in the second half, throwing for 265 yards and four touchdowns, including the game-winner inside the last minute on a 21-yard pass to Jay Pelletier.
That wasn't the only exciting game of Week 3. Derby held on for a 44-33 win over Wilby in the return of Tyrae Small. Small came up big for the Red Raiders defense, picking off three passes — two in the end zone — to keep his team undefeated. Derby forced five turnovers for the second game in a row, which has made up for a pretty bendable defense in terms of yardage. Michael Kreiger played another great game, completing 15 of 19 passes for 227 yards and three scores.
Watertown also earned its first win in a thriller against Crosby. The Indians weathered a 393-yard passing game by Bulldogs freshman Mike Marshall and sealed the 36-30 win when Anthony Yordon forced a fumble with less than a minute to play. Yordon had another big game on the ground with 177 yards and two touchdowns.
Woodland, St. Paul and Naugatuck all rolled in their Copper Division openers. The Hawks only beat Kennedy 34-26, but it was 34-0 when all Woodland's starters came out to begin the second half — more 50-point rule stupidity. Logan Marchi lit up Torrington's defense to make up for his team's defensive terribleness, and Naugy jumped all over Sacred Heart in a game that ended in about 23 seconds.
Finally, Ansonia destroyed Holy Cross, 62-13, after the Crusaders had taken leads of 7-0 and 13-7 early in the game thanks to a precise passing attack. Things soon evened out and Arkeel Newsome looked better than ever with 309 yards on 11 carries. Folks around here say Kenny Tinney was the fastest player they've ever seen, but Newsome is clearly faster than ever this year and looks unstoppable.
Who Did It
Top Passers: Vincent Gambino (WOL): 21-37, 410 yards, 5 TD, 2 INT; Logan Marchi (SP): 21-33, 420 yards, 4 TD, INT; Mike Marshall (CHS): 18-35, 393 yards, 3 TD; Connor Finn (THS): 22-38, 256 yards, 4 TD, 2 INT; Michael Kreiger (DHS): 15-19, 227 yards, 3 TD; Tanner Kingsley (WRHS): 8-10, 225 yards, 3 TD; Darrien Bell (WIL): 10-17, 186 yards, 2 TD, 3 INT; Joe Kalosky (HC): 15-34, 183 yards, TD; Jason Bradley (NHS): 5-9, 176 yards, 2 TD; Frank Marcucio (SEY): 4-9, 102 yards, 3 TD
Top Rushers: Arkeel Newsome (AHS): 11 rush, 306 yards, 4 total TD; Anthony Yordon (WAT): 26 rush, 177 yards, 2 TD; Joey Salemme (SEY): 41 rush, 171 yards, 2 total TD; Eli Parks (SP): 28 rush, 136 yards, 3 TD; Darrien Bell (WIL): 13 rush, 136 yards, 2 TD; Tom Douty (NHS): 7 rush, 109 yards, 2 TD; Tajik Bagley (AHS): 8 rush, 106 yards, 4 total TD; Parris Wolfe (SH): 15 rush, 105 yards, 2 TD; Tyler Marens (THS): 12 rush, 100 yards, TD; Joe Lynch (WOL): 13 rush, 43 yards, 2 TD
Top Receivers: Austin Morin (SP): 5 rec, 222 yards, 2 TD; Desmond Langs (THS): 13 rec, 200 yards, 3 TD; Jayson Matos (WOL): 10 rec, 183 yards, 2 TD; Adam Santopietro (WOL): 7 rec, 179 yards, 2 TD; Myles Goulbourne (CHS): 5 rec, 131 yards, 2 TD; Trai Weaver (HC): 6 rec, 129 yards, TD; Mike Kenney (WRHS): 2 rec, 128 yards, 2 TD; Mike Reyes (CHS): 4 rec, 118 yards; Taifa Wright (WIL): 6 rec, 117 yards, TD; Sal Frosceno (DHS): 5 rec, 115 yards, 2 TD; Jayson Morrison (CHS): 3 rec, 106 yards, TD; Christian Thurmond (SEY): 4 rec, 102 yards, 3 TD
(Qualifications: 150 yards and/or 3 TD passing, 100 yards and/or 2 TD rushing, 75 yards and/or 2 TD receiving.)
How to See It
Derby-Wilby: Rep-Am
Naugatuck-Sacred Heart: Rep-Am
Ansonia-Holy Cross: Rep-Am
Wolcott-Seymour: Rep-Am
Watertown-Crosby: Rep-Am
Woodland-Kennedy: Rep-Am
St. Paul-Torrington: Bristol Press
Where It Takes Us
That Wolcott-Seymour game carried major postseason implications although it was only a Week 3 contest. Why? Well, both teams entered 1-1 with Ansonia, Derby and tough NVL-SWC Challenge games remaining (among others) on the slate. Three losses will probably be the lowest possible cut line in most of the classes. Now, the Wildcats have two losses with Ansonia, Derby, Oxford and Woodland among their remaining opponents. It doesn't look good for Seymour, and it could be on upset alert in Week 4 against Watertown.
Things will be tough for Wolcott, too, with Ansonia, Derby, Newtown and Holy Cross remaining. The Eagles should not have much trouble with Torrington this Friday.
The biggest game of Week 4, of course, is the Naugatuck-Woodland showdown in Beacon Falls. The Hawks have dominated this series since it began in 2003, winning nine of 10 games. The winner sure looks like it will end up being the Copper Division champion, although both squads have yet to face Holy Cross and St. Paul. We would be surprised if there aren't at least 1,000 total yards in this game.
Other games this week include Holy Cross-Sacred Heart, Wilby-Ansonia, Derby-Crosby (all Friday) and St. Paul-Kennedy (Saturday).
NVL Fantasy Football Update
We're trying to stay up to date with our NVL Fantasy Football action — more so than the predictions, at this point (we promise to get those updated one of these days, but it's a lot of work). Remmy took an estimated 198.6-190.4 win in Week 3 (we're still waiting on official team stats to finalize everything), and he leads the season series 2-1. Here are the top three individual leaders by position (among those on the guys' rosters who were in starting lineups):
QB: Logan Marchi (Kyle) 134.4, Tanner Kingsley (Kyle) 118.8, Jason Bradley (Remmy) 93.0
RB: Arkeel Newsome (Remmy) 136.0, Jacob Thomas (Kyle) 55.2, Joe Lynch (Remmy) 52.6
WR: Reid Morin (Remmy) 65.1, Bryan Coney (Remmy) 39.5, Brendan Carroll (Kyle) 34.6
The rosters stand as such based on our acquisitions thus far (there may be more prior to the start of this week's games):
Team Kyle: QB Logan Marchi (St. Paul), QB Tanner Kingsley (Woodland), RB Tyrae Small (Derby), RB Jacob Thomas (Wilby), RB Joey Salemme (Seymour), WR Brendan Carroll (St. Paul), WR Mike Kenney (Woodland), WR Jay Pelletier (Wolcott), Derby defense
Team Remmy: QB Jason Bradley (Naugatuck), QB Michael Kreiger (Derby), RB Arkeel Newsome (Ansonia), RB Joe Lynch (Wolcott), RB Tom Douty (Naugatuck), WR Reid Morin (St. Paul), WR Ryne Griesenauer (Naugatuck), WR Bryan Coney (Naugatuck), Ansonia defense


text:
Stories for November 28, 2005
SD City Hall transitions leadership
- Nov. 28
After much turmoil at San Diego city hall, a new administration must now transition from campaign rhetoric to harsh reality, as the rubber meets the road in city hall. KPBS reporter Alison St John has more.
Congressman Cunningham pleads guilty, plans to resign
- Nov. 28
San Diego Congressman Randy "Duke" Cunningham resigned today after admitting to tax evasion and bribery charges. The Republican congressman wiped away tears as he announced his resignation outside the federal courthouse in downtown San Diego.
What does Cunningham's resignation mean for San Diegans?
- Nov. 28
With Congress out of town, Capitol Hill was largely quiet Monday. The news of San Diego Republican Congressman Randy Duke Cunningham's resignation gradually hit congressional offices. Capitol Hill reporter Laura Strickler explains what the resignation means for Northern San Diego's representation in congress.
Judge Lam reacts to Cunningham's plea
- Nov. 28
Republican Congressman Randy Duke Cunningham resigned today after pleading guilty in a San Diego federal court to conspiracy and tax evasion. Cunningham admitted he took more than $2.4 million in bribes and in return helped secure military contracts. KPBS Reporter Amita Sharma has more.
Prelim. hearings held for former pension board members
- Nov. 28
Six former pension board members are also in court today for a preliminary hearing into charges of conflict of interest. KPBS reporter Alison St. John has more.
Congressman Cunningham pleads guilty to bribery , tax evasion
- Nov. 28
San Diego Congressman Randy Duke Cunningham pleaded guilty in federal court today to accepting more than $2 million in bribes from military contractors. The bribes ranged from cash to a Rolls-Royce. Cunningham also admitted he evaded taxes on the bribes. KPBS reporter Amita Sharma has details.
Congressman Cunningham pleads guilty
- Nov. 28
San Diego Congressman Randy "Duke" Cunningham, pleaded guilty today to conspiracy and tax evasion.
Gov. to set election date for Cunningham replacement
- Nov. 28
California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger will decide when voters in the 50th congressional district get a chance to choose a replacement for Randy Cunningham. KPBS Reporter Erik Anderson has details.
San Diegans are part of 'Walk for AIDS Awareness' in India
- Nov. 28
A year-long walk across India to raise awareness about HIV and AIDS is wrapping up this week. The San Diego-based non-profit Project Concern International organized the effort. KPBS Reporter Kenny Goldberg has the story.
Preliminary hearing begins for former pension board members
- Nov. 28
Prosecutors will lay out their evidence this morning against six former San Diego pension trustees. District Attorney Bonnie Dumanis has charged the six with felony conflict-of-interest violations for casting votes on an issue that they stood to gain from financially. KPBS Reporter Amita Sharma has more.


text:
- Filed Under
The League of Women Voters is a nonpartisan political organization encouraging informed and active participation in government. Ensuring that all citizens have equal access to vote is our highest priority. For that reason the League of Women Voters of the Cincinnati Area strongly urges the Hamilton County Board of Elections to maintain an office and early voting site in the Downtown area to-enable and encourage more residents to vote in each election.
Moving the office from Downtown to the neighborhood of Mount Airy, about 9 miles northwest of the city center, will make it more difficult for many voters to reach the Board of Elections. About 14 percent of Hamilton County citizens do not have cars. The Metro bus system routes require people to take a bus Downtown, wait for another bus to Mount Airy, then take an hour bus ride to the new BOE. The return trip would be equally arduous. This seems unnecessary, when the current location is already Downtown, eliminating two additional legs of the journey.
The proposed new site is not easy to find nor is it along major highways. Many citizens with cars will find a longer commute to the new location than the current one.
Just last week, the Presidential Commission on Election Administration submitted its report to President Barack Obama after six months of examining voter administration processes. This report refers to the importance of considering populations that must use public transportation to reach their voting locations. To do so will prevent a decline in voter participation caused by voting locations becoming less accessible.
In November 2012, approximately 24,000 people voted at the Board of Elections Downtown. We believe that it makes no sense to require these voters to go to a less accessible location.
Don and Helen Rhoad, co-presidents , League of Women Voters of the Cincinnati Area
What's the big deal? Get an absentee ballot
What is the big deal about moving the Board of Elections to the old Mercy-Mount Airy Hospital? Early voting can be accomplished by "absentee" voting.
Forms requesting absentee ballots can be obtained by computer, calling the Board of Elections (513-622-7039 or 513-632-7044), picked up at the Board of Elections or picked up at any Hamilton County library.
Relocating the Board of Elections looks like a good move to me and could save the taxpayers money.
Albert Foltzer, College Hill
Are economics of the move the sole motivation?
The vote Monday morning by the Republican members of the Hamilton County Board of Elections belies their claims that they are interested in maintaining or improving access to all county voters for early voting.
They voted in favor of moving all functions of the Board of Elections to Mount Airy with no stipulations to maintain access for residents who can more easily get Downtown than they can reach the Mount Airy location using public transportation.
Then they voted against a second proposal that would have allowed the move to Mount Airy by all but the early voting, registration and filing functions of the board.
In stating support of the first proposal, the Republican members of the board said the minimum two-year interval before an actual move takes place would allow time to address the early-voting access issue.
Why would that not also apply to the second vote, which would keep early voting more accessible at the current location until board members could identify an even better Downtown location?
Are the economics of the move really the sole motivation for those votes?
Rhoda Brooks, Indian Hill
We're country of wimps if we can't take bus to vote
I am very concerned with the direction that Cincinnati and our country are going. If people really want to vote, they will take every available means to do so.
Is it too hard for people to take a bus to vote? I think we are a country of wimps because we cannot take a bus to vote.
How about walking? I walked a mile and half to school each day when I was growing up. We did not have buses to take us to school and back.
I really do not think it is too hard to take a bus to vote.
Voting is one of our greatest rights.
Deirdre Mueller, Evendale
How about this for elections board location?
I'm sorry, but moving the Board of Elections to Mount Airy still makes it too easy for the wrong type of person to vote.
I suggest hiding the Board of Elections, then leaving clues as to its location, like a treasure hunt.
That'll screen out the undesirables.
Steven Katkin, Milford
Just shuttle citizens to Mount Airy to vote
Hamilton County has a great offer for ample space, with plenty of parking in a reasonably accessible location to house the crime lab and elections board.
At issue is whether being outside the traditional urban core could discourage voters who rely on public transportation.
Why not just provide free, continuous daily shuttle service to the Board of Elections from Downtown for a couple weeks before each election? The cost for the county to hire a shuttle service would be negligible in the big picture. With this quick shuttle trip, those early, in-person voters would see improvement over current long wait times at the board's Downtown location.
Matthew Ayer, Mariemont ■


text:
Boston Celtics v New Orleans Hornets
Eric Gordon of the New Orleans Hornets passes the ball against Kevin... News PhotoBall,Basketball - NBA Pro,Basketball - Sport,Boston Celtics,Eric Gordon,Full Length,Gulf Coast States,Kevin Garnett,New Orleans,New Orleans Pelicans,Passing - Sport,Sport,USA,VerticalPhotographer Layne MurdochCollection: National Basketball Association 2013 NBAENEW ORLEANS, LA - MARCH 20: Eric Gordon #10 of the New Orleans Hornets passes the ball against Kevin Garnett #5 of the Boston Celtics on March 20, 2013 at the New Orleans Arena in New Orleans, Louisiana. NOTE TO USER: User expressly acknowledges and agrees that, by downloading and or using this Photograph, user is consenting to the terms and conditions of the Getty Images License Agreement. Mandatory Copyright Notice: Copyright 2013 NBAE (Photo by Layne Murdoch/NBAE via Getty Images)


text:
On Making New Girlfriends
"I like your dress." "Want to come over and play?" "We should switch lunches!"
If only these friend pick-up lines worked now. I mean, I'd love to switch you lunches. I'm sure the hummus and pita you're eating is exponentially more delicious than the quickly-thrown-together-while-Henry-is-napping turkey sandwich I'm currently eating. But I bet if I was to randomly ask you that, you'd probably be a little freaked out.
So, why is it so hard to meet friends as adults? For one, I think it's because we all have an extra lot of "friend baggage", a whole heap of stuff we're carrying around with us from previous friendships. And the older we get, the more we have. All of our friend baggage affects us in various ways, but especially comes into light when meeting new people. Perhaps you've been burned in the past and are hesitant about opening up to a new friend, or maybe you feel getting to know someone is too exhausting because the last new person you met left you feeling drained and annoyed. This baggage changes the way we move forward when meeting a potential new friend.
Like any relationship, romantic or otherwise, girl friendships take work. Setting aside your baggage and opening yourself up is tough. I'm so lucky to have quite a few fabulous, long-term ladies in my life, but I think most of you would agree that it can be hard to put yourself out there when meeting new people. I thought long and hard about it though, and put together a few little pointers that have helped me.
1. Be your true, authentic self. This one seems like it would be obvious, but when you meet new people sometimes we can fall into the trap of a) wanting to impress, or b) wanting to agree. Just be you! If you aren't 100% yourself when building a relationship it absolutely will not last. Your real self has to eventually come out, and when you all of a sudden can't stop talking about how much you love Law & Order she might get super freaked out when you originally told her you were all about CSI. Oops!
2. Put yourself out there. So you like working out? Take some new classes. Step aerobics, spinning, maybe even a swim class. I met a great gal pal at the gym and we still meet regularly to exercise together. Like attracts like, and if you're in a place that makes you happy, you're bound to meet others with similar passions. Consider joining a club, attending a class, or even starting your own group. I recently saw a book club's sign in our local coffee shop advertising "a new way to meet hip, literary chicks." OMG. Sign me up.
3. Speak up. It can be hard to strike up conversation with a stranger, but put it this way: if you went into the situation without having this person as a friend, the worst that can happen is that you'll leave without them too. You can't lose. So why not make some small talk (it may turn into a great conversation!), throw your potential friend a genuine compliment and see what happens. Perhaps you noticed a Troop Beverly Hills DVD sticking out of her bag, maybe you saw her thumbing through some Anne Sexton poetry, or you somehow recognized your favorite Aesop Rock song coming out of her headphones. By all means, say something! Don't let your possible new BFF pass you by.
4. Say yes. By nature I'm actually kind of a no person. I like my time. I like spending my time how I want and the last thing I want to do is spend my precious day in a "maybe" situation. "Maybe" I'll have fun. Or ugh, "maybe" I won't. Saying yes causes a whole lot of maybes to be released into your world, but sometimes that's a good thing… because maybe, just maybe, you'll meet a radical new friend.
5. Don't be afraid of making "online" friends. Okay, with this statement comes a whole lot of caveats. Just like when you were a kid and your Mom warned you not to take candy from strangers or hop into a van with the promise of a puppy inside, you need to be safe online too. Don't give out personal info, meet anyone offline on your own, you get my drift. But for those who have a good head on their shoulders, today's online world is a great place to meet like-minded individuals right in your area. I've met some of my most favorite people through blogging, Twitter, and even Instagram, as crazy as that sounds. Now, most of these girls were already mutual friends of my "real-life" friends, but even so, our relationships were totally strengthened through talking everyday via our social networks. In fact a few months ago a whole bunch of us met up in Las Vegas for an amazing weekend. While out together people would ask us how we all met and when we'd say "the internet!" with huge smiles on our faces some of the reactions we got were priceless. It may have a funny stigma attached to it, but I guarantee you that if you're open to meeting people this way your new best friend might just be waiting for you…on the other side of the computer screen! Just make sure she's not really a 45-year old man living in a basement. Or a van. Offering you candy.
Happy new friendship-ing!