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Photo by Frankie Frankeny
YIELD: Makes one 12- to 13-inch pizza
- 2 tablespoons flour, for the work surface
- 1 ball Pizza Dough
- 1 tablespoon semolina flour, for the pizza paddle
- 2 tablespoons olive oil, for brushing the dough
- 1/2 cup Tomato Sauce
- 8 ounces fresh mozzarella cheese, drained and cut into 6 chunks (not slices)
- 1/4 cup grated pecorino romano cheese
- Salt and freshly ground black pepper
- 8 Genovese basil leaves (see Note, following)
- Extra-virgin olive oil, for drizzling
Preheat the grill on high heat.
Dust a counter with the 2 tablespoons flour. Stretch the dough by rotating on your knuckles into a 12- to 13-inch diameter round. Sprinkle the semolina on a wooden pizza paddle or on the back of a baking pan large enough to hold the dough round. Set the dough on the semolina. Brush the top of the dough with the olive oil.
Slide the pizza onto the hot grill and cook until grill marks appear and the dough is set, about 2 minutes. Carefully flip the dough over with a large spatula or tongs or your hands; brush the top with olive oil, and cook until the dough is firm but not completely cooked and grill marks appear, another 3 to 4 minutes. Slip the pizza paddle under the crust and remove from the grill. Set a large cast-iron griddle on the grill to heat or place a pizza pan in the oven and preheat to 500°F.
To build the pizza, spread the tomato sauce over the partially cooked crust. Distribute the mozzarella over the pizza and sprinkle on the pecorino romano. Season with salt and pepper.
Slip the pizza off the paddle onto the griddle on the grill or onto the pizza pan in the oven and bake until bubbly, 15 to 20 minutes. Remove and set the pizza on a cutting board. Scatter on whole or snipped basil leaves and drizzle with the extra-virgin olive oil. Cut into 6 to 8 wedges and serve.
Note: Genovese basil is the most common variety in our grocery stores. As alternatives, look for these other basil varieties (or grow them yourself) that are favorites of mine: Greek basil has very small leaves and little bursts of concentrated basil flavor; opal basil has purple leaves that look gorgeous on pizza, with more licorice notes; lemon basil blends the flavor of basil with lemon balm in a very delicious way.
Elizabeth Falkner is the founding chef and owner of Citizen Cake and Orson in San Francisco and is currently opening a new restaurant in Brooklyn, NY. She was a finalist and runner-up on The Next Iron Chef in 2011, competed on Top Chef Masters and has judged Top Chef Masters and Top Chef. Elizabeth was Bon Appétit's pastry chef of the year in 2006. Her first book, Demolition Desserts, was published in 2007.


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Sometimes called mermaid hair or even princess hair, long hair worn in loose curls is the stuff of fairy tales but also easy enough to wear every day. Curly hairstyles are unique because there are so many ways to get the look. Of course, there are curling irons and clipless wands but you can also use your flat iron. For a no-heat method, there are old school rollers that work just as well today as … [Read more...]
25 Braided Hairstyles You Haven't Seen Before
Braids are the hair trend that just won't quit. Instead of fading away, there has been a constant stream of new braided hairstyles. The talent and creativity of all the plait-loving stylists out there never ceases to amaze us. We've come a long, long way from a pair of schoolgirl braids, lone French braids, and messy fishtails. One of the things that keeps braids in style is that there are so … [Read more...]
Hair Color Ideas: Dip Dye Hair
Want a bold new style that is low commitment? If you're all out of cut and hair color ideas, we have got just the thing. Dip dye hair is fun, fresh, and totally easy to DIY! It is similar to ombre but this time it's all about adding a splash of bright to light or dark hair. Check out a few pictures of color dipped hair to find your next look. The hardest part of dip dyeing hair at home is … [Read more...]
Balayage Hair for Blondes and Brunettes
Hair color trends for 2015 are all about low maintenance highlights, whether it's dark to light ombre or sun-kissed balayage. Balayage is a French technique of highlighting hair that paints on color instead of using foils for a soft and natural finish. Highlights are concentrated around the face as well as away from the roots. That means it's best not done at home but the good news about balayage … [Read more...]
The Silver and Gray Hair Dye Trend: Do or Don't?
Gray hair is one of those trends that would have been almost impossible to predict. But here it is and it is fabulous. Even though it is sometimes called #grannyhair, this is not your grandparents hair color. Silver and gray hair is dramatic and fashion forward. Like all hair dye, making the gray hair dye trend work for you is all about finding the right shade for your skin tone. Of course, … [Read more...]
Bronde Hair Color
One of the hottest hair trends for fall and winter 2015 is a fresh new color. Bronde is a sun-kissed chestnut brown. The in-between blonde and brunette color the perfect shade for autumn, with a vibrant hue that echoes the golden light of the season. Is bronde the right color for you? It works best for warmer skin tones and unlike some lighter shades, there is no age limit to the color. If … [Read more...]
Easy Hairstyles: The Half Bun aka The Hun
It's one of the quick and easy hairstyles we all do sometimes. The lazy bun formed by a ponytail pulled partially through. Now it's more than a last minute, late night, for the gym hairstyle. The half bun aka "the hun" can also be a stylish look. Check out these pictures from the fabulous Blair Badge. This simple style is perfect with her minimal yet elegant style but works with anything from … [Read more...]
3 Curly Hair Cuts That Will Make You Jealous
For every hair type, gorgeous and manageable hair is as simple as finding the right cut. For curly hair that almost always means long layers. Skillful layering from a stylist who is experienced with with curly hair will cut out bulk, create a gorgeous shape, and help bring out curls. All you need to do is keep hair moisturized by skipping the shampoo and taking the time to do regular … [Read more...]
5 Easy Fall Hair Trends 2015 To Try Today
If you're ready to say good-bye to summer, the fall and winter 2015 fashion shows are all done with. As always there are hot new trends to try as well as fashions that are more for art than everyday. On the runway, slick styles with crusty gel are back again but let them stay there. We've waded through the fashion hair styles to identify some of the easy fall hair trends 2015 that you can try … [Read more...]
Pin-Up Curls: Gene Tierney
When you're looking for a transformation for medium length locks, add some curls! They can be styled beachy, formal, or for something different, go retro. One option is 1920s Great Gatsby-inspired waves and ringlets. Or for some old Hollywood glamour, check out these pin-up curls seen on bombshell and Academy Award-winning actress Gene Tierney. This vintage hairstyle frames the face with … [Read more...]
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subset: commoncrawl


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Development version 2.3
Close up of art moonlighto
A Windows binary of this plugin by Claes G Lindblad (http://www.algonet.se/~claesg/shapeit.html), ported to 2.x by Victor Ramirez. Almost a "lost and found" plugin?
It bends a text or an image according to a shape.
Create the map on a new layer. Should be black and white for best results. Add an alpha channel to both layers.
PDF version of the tutorial by Claes included.
Short description:,
The Guillotine-into-Layers plug-in is a variation on the Guillotine plug-in by Adam D. Moss. It is intended to address a shortcoming of the original: Too many windows opened! There is, however, a trade-off.
This plugin loads NASA/ESA PDS/EDR images.
PDS/EDR format is the image format used by NASA Planetary Data System
and by ESA Planetary Science Archives. PDS images from various space
missions are available at http://pds-imaging.jpl.nasa.gov/ andhttp://www.rssd.esa.int/index.php?project=PSA
purpose of this plugin is, to lay out and lay in a group of consecutive layers of an image
(a humble kind of collapse and expand groups of layers)
a determinable number of layers (including the active layer) will be stored (layed out) in a new image.
the name of this image is a time stamp ("%Y%m%d-%H%M%S") plus the string ".xcf".
e.g. 20080117-192642.xcf.
the visible layed out layers will be merged down to a single layer in the source image.
the name of this layer is the above mentioned time stamp.
Subtract small isles from the current selection and/or add small unselected isles to the current selection. The parameters pixel_diagonal and pixel_limit are used to define area size that is considered as small isle.
New since release 1.1: fixed crash when processing large selections, added progress handling
INSTALL: gimptool-2.0 --install isle.c
RAWTex is a save plugin for GIMP 2.2.x, 2.3.x & 2.4.x allowing to create raw textures for the PC, PSP, NDS, PS2 or any other architecture handling chunky or compressed dxtc formats.
It can save raw RGBA (5650, 5551, 4444 or 8888) & indexed (T4, T8) textures (with 5650, 5551, 4444 or 8888 palette modes support) as well as DXTC (DXT1, DXT3, DXT5) compresssed ones, it supports the PSP textures swizzle mode and can generate mipmaps, it also have a color key feature to handle transparency and can convert grayscale pictures into alpha channel only textures.
This is an attempt at exposing GIMP functionality as an XMLRPC web service.
This is not finished. It can probably not be finished that way it has been started. It will require a lot more code. Actually, putting GEGL behind such a thing makes much more sense.
Have a look at Xtns/Python to find the menu entry which starts the server.
But it works, in an extremely limited way. You can e.g. change the current foreground and background colors... See the gimprpctest.py script for an example.
This is a simple Unit-test-look-alike approach to test the functions available in Script-Fu. Currently, only the gimp-brush-* stuff is done (or at least each function is called at least once).
Everything is based on bunny-test, a framework available from http://community.schemewiki.org/?bunny-test and simple enough to be used with TinyScheme (more complete stuff relies on syntax not available in this implementation).
This is a minimal Python-Fu script. It does absolutely nothing besides registering itself in the menu.
The motivation for it was to show whether pass is a valid body for a script function. It is.


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|Print Page
Price Police were able to close three burglary cases from early March on Friday thanks to forensic evidence and a successful suspect interview. Interestingly, the interview took place in Draper, where the alleged burglar is already imprisoned on other charges.
Detective Chris Pugliese interviewed Christian Wayne Pyle, 52, at the Utah State Prison on Dec. 6. He gained an alleged confession to the spring time burglaries, after state forensic scientists were able to identify Pyle via DNA. The evidence was collected near the scenes of each crime.
During the early morning hours of March 6, the suspect reportedly burglarized the King Koal Theaters, El' Salto's Mexican Restaurant and the China Buffet in "rapid succession," said Capt. Bill Barnes.
At each location, the businesses were damaged and an undisclosed amount of money was taken. Responding officers and detectives were able to document a distinctive method of operation.
During Det. Pugliese's interview, Pyle allegedly confirmed his criminal methods and stated that his longtime substance abuse issues played a large part motivating the activity, said Barnes.
Detectives followed up numerous leads after the spring burglaries, including interviewing potential suspects, but the cases ran cold. Police continued to work without much to go on, until the state forensics lab found a match.
The cases have been forwarded to the Carbon County Attorney's Office. The Price Police have asked that appropriate criminal charges be filed.
Pyle, who is from Sandy, has a criminal history and reportedly chose Price as he needed to explore new territory, explained Barnes.
|Print Page


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They haven't even yet graduated high school, but Kendall and Kylie Jenner continue to put in work—but this time, it's not just in front of the camera.
E! News has confirmed that E!'s very own reality teen queens have accepted positions as West Coast Fashion Contributors for Seventeen magazine, effective immediately.
"The girls are beyond excited," says a family insider.
So what exactly will they be doing?
Kendall and Kylie will be commenting on and identifying the hottest fashion and style trends for young women—something they seem to have a pretty good read on already.
The girls already blogged yesterday about their first meeting with editors, "People always ask us for fashion and beauty tips, and now we can share them directly with readers. It's really exciting for us! Our first piece will debut in the mag's June/July issue and we can't wait to show you guys!!"
The Keeping Up With the Kardashians stars will also be featured on the mag's cover.
"Shooting cover of Seventeen Magazine inNYC as West Coast Fashion contributors," proud mama Kris Jenner tweeted about her girls.
Congratulations on the new gig!
The new season of Keeping Up With the Kardashians premieres May 20 at 9 p.m. on E!


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Community Education - Fall 2015
We are pleased to offer a variety of Community Education classes. All classes are open to the public! Please note that some classes need to have a minimum number of students enrolled in order for the class to run and are specified below.
Register for Community Education classes online (available soon), in person at the Reception Desk in the Eccles Health, Wellness, and Athletic Center, or over the phone by calling 801.832.2862 to register with a Visa, MC, or Discover.
Intermediate golf


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Beyond the Consulting Room
Therapists as Catalysts of Social Change
William Doherty • Too much is at stake these days for us to take refuge in our practices after the election. In such challenging times, therapists need to create for themselves a new professional role as agents of social change, not just critics of what isn't changing.
Journey to Rwanda
A Therapist Confronts the Unthinkable
Laurie Leitch • Fourteen years ago, Rwanda was the hellish scene of one of the most ferocious genocides in history. A therapist who traveled there reports on what it's like to confront the unthinkable.
From Intention to Action
Following Through on a $50 Impulse
Jeffrey Kottler • Each year, thousands of poor Nepalese girls "disappear" from their villages. On an impulse, an American therapist winds up devoting himself to ending these disappearances.
The Bridge
Facing Disaster in Your Own Backyard
Patrick Dougherty • When disaster strikes close to home, the emotional shock waves make business as usual impossible for both therapists and clients.
Breaking Through
Poet David Whyte Invites Us to the Edge of Discovery
Mary Sykes Wylie • Poet David Whyte offers an idiosyncratic fusion of verse, myth, story, and personal charisma, demonstrating to audiences all over the world that psychology doesn't go far enough in making us face the "dangerous truths" of life.
Embracing the Terror of Possibility
John O'Donohue • Understanding both the terror and innocence of beginnings is the key to discovering how to journey forth into the unknown.


text: Regardless, I'd prefer a quiet snow-covered world, not a raging storm but a blanket of snow just covering the wastes, nothing dangerous out there, and I'd like to be with a few people, that's it. Just us. And I'd like to just travel, I guess there could be others but I'd want it to be in a way completely peaceful, except for other humans. I'd go into more detail but I'm honestly kind of tired.


text:
150-lb. Tensile Strength 3/16" d. Utility Cord
Item # WX2-1749
- Google+
- Details & Specs
TOUGH Mil.-style Paracord.
For lashing, tie-downs, camping, you're all set! 600-ft. spools of Utility Cord.
Please Note: The colors of this item may vary. Sorry, no color choice.
State Color, as available in the Shopping Cart. Order today!
- Reviews
150-lb. Tensile Strength 3/16 d. Utility Cord is rated out of 5 by 29.Rated 5 out of 5 by jodo from Great item I have used this cord for years for various projects. It has never failed to do its job. Great price for a spool of cord.Date published: 2015-09-11Rated 5 out of 5 by Bigpapa from Para cord My grand children and I spent hours together making para cord bracelets ,learning new knots and just having fun together. A great way to have a relaxing time with your kidsDate published: 2015-07-20Rated 5 out of 5 by MIKE from works great just what i expectedDate published: 2014-03-21Rated 5 out of 5 by JOHN from I use this cord on a rope maker good priceDate published: 2014-03-17Rated 5 out of 5 by DEBBIE & JEFFRE from Rope will be used with my crab pots. Looks like it will work fineDate published: 2014-03-16Rated 5 out of 5 by JESSE from Was surprised with the qualityDate published: 2014-02-11Rated 5 out of 5 by ANDREW H from Excellent. 1001 uses await.Date published: 2014-01-15Rated 5 out of 5 by WILLIAM from Shipped right on time. Good quality cord. Camping a lot means always needing this type of cord nearby.Date published: 2013-12-10

 I am looking for a cord that does not float, does this cord float 150-lb. Tensile Strength 3/16" diam. Cord PreviousNext 150-lb. Tensile Strength 3/16" d. Utility Cord

Asked by: Breakem

 Unfortunately after pulling this product, we were unable to locate the information needed to answer this question.
Answered by: customer service

Date published: 2014-11-13

2015-10-04T11:39CST

bvseo_cps, prod_bvqa, vn_cps_3.1.6

cp_1, bvpage1

co_hasquestionsanswers, tq_1

loc_en_US, sid_1749, PRD, sort_recentAnswersFirst

clientName_sportmansguide

- Articles & Tips
Don't Forget
Columbia River Knife & Tool® Crossover™ ShearsNon-Member $24.99 Buyer's Club $22.49
8-Pk. of Wetfire Fire Starter TinderNon-Member $7.99 Buyer's Club $7.19
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250-lb. Tensile Strength 1/4" d. Utility CordNon-Member $21.99 Buyer's Club $19.79
Mil.-style Para Cord, BlackNon-Member $14.99 Buyer's Club $13.49
Mil.-style Paracord, Olive DrabNon-Member $14.99 Buyer's Club $13.49


text:
Russell Armstrong's Mom Upset Real Housewives Is Continuing
There's at least one person who won't be tuning in to the September 5 premiere of The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills: John Ann Hotchkiss, the mother of the late Russell Armstrong. (The venture capitalist's body was found hanging from an exposed rafter in a pal's L.A. home on August 15.)
VIDEO: How Taylor and Russell struggled during their marriage
Though Bravo recently made the decision to air the series as originally scheduled, the premiere episode will now include taped commentary from the various Housewives regarding the suicide of Taylor Armstrong's estranged husband.
PHOTOS: Unfortgettable drama in first season of RHOBH
"When I was informed of this, I thought, 'I hope Bravo will take the high road and keep it tasteful,'" Hotchkiss said in a statement to HLN's Issues With Jane Velez-Mitchell. "Let's not murder my son twice."
Frances Berwick, the President of Bravo Media, released a statement Wednesday detailing how Russell's death would be incorporated into the new season.
VIDEO: Taylor opens up to Us about her Housewives costars
"Given that these episodes were filmed months ago, the producers of the show taped a brief interview this week with several of the cast members to introduce the premiere. Re-editing of the episodes is still underway," he said. The network has also "partnered with the Entertainment Industries Council, Inc. (EIC) to raise awareness about suicide prevention."
Still, Hotchkiss believes her son's martial and financial problems became unbearable when they were exposed on national television. "I began to notice things starting to fray when the television thing came into being, and I was very concerned," Hotchkiss said.
"What bothered me the most was. . .he would be bashed by some of the other castmembers. . .The program itself really brought him down."
At one point, Hotchkiss says, Russell broke down. "'Mom, they're just going to crucify me this season,'" he told his mother. "And he said, 'I don't know what to do. I'll never survive it.'"


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Wisconsin Governor Scott Walker has signed a bill that eliminates most collective bargaining rights for State workers.
The legislation was signed on March 11, one day after the State Assembly passed the measure by a vote of 53-42. On March 9, the Senate approved the legislation after removing the collective bargaining provision from the spending bill, which allowed lawmakers to act in the absence of 14 State Senators.
"People spoke very clearly and very loudly [in the midterm elections] and said they wanted government to change here in Madison," said Assembly Speaker Jeff Fitzgerald (R-Horicon), quoted by FOX News. "It's a tough vote, but it's the right vote. People are sick of the status quo."
According to the media outlet, the Justice Department said that it was investigating several death threats that were allegedly made against Republican State Senators. Protests outside of Wisconsin's State House have become tumultuous in recent days, and former Alaska Governor Sarah Palin has placed the onus on union supporters.
The Tea Party favorite recently claimed that union bosses are spewing rhetoric that could lead to violence. In a February post on Facebook, Palin accused the union leaders of "fighting to protect their own powerful privileges and their own political clout," CNN reported.


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Oakland, Calif., April 5, 2011 Breast cancer survivors who experience large weight gain have an increased risk of death after diagnosis, according to research scientists at the Kaiser Permanente Division of Research in Oakland, Calif.
Breast cancer survivors who experienced large weight gain (10 percent or more over their pre-diagnosis weight) were 14 percent more likely to experience a cancer recurrence compared to women whose weight remained stable (within 5 percent of pre-diagnosis weight) following diagnosis.
The study results are being presented at the American Association of Cancer Research 102nd meeting, to be held April 2-6 in Orlando, Fla.
"Most women are not gaining a large amount of weight following breast cancer diagnosis," said lead researcher Bette Caan, DrPH, a senior research scientist at the Kaiser Permanente Division of Research. "However, our analysis showed an association with poorer outcomes overall for those who do." She explained that moderate weight gain did not affect breast cancer outcomes.
"Women tend to worry about gaining weight after a breast cancer diagnosis," said Caan. "But it's actually only the larger weight gains that increase the risk of poor outcomes."
Researchers also found that women who have large weight gains after diagnosis tend to be within normal weight ranges to begin with. In addition, the post-diagnosis effect of the weight gain tends to be greater for women who were originally thinner, they explained.
Women who were leaner to begin with at diagnosis (body mass index less than 25) and who later gained 10 percent or more, had a 25 percent higher risk of cancer death and also had a higher risk of recurrence compared to women whose weight remained stable (within 5 percent of pre-diagnosis weight) following diagnosis.
Large weight gain occurred in 16 percent of women overall. Just over 19 percent of women with a BMI less than 25 fell into the lar
|Contact: Danielle Cass
Kaiser Permanente


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Stoked: Not Just for Surfers Anymore
I sometimes enjoy describing feelings a software developer might experience, at certain moments during development. For example, a while back I blogged about "Grazie Signore" moments.
This past weekend I attended the Northern Virginia Software Symposium and was fortunate to have a little time to spend with my NFJS comrades. A most vivid comment that Justin Gehtland made during one discussion was how stoked he was about this software we were discussing.
It occurred to me on the plane ride back to Austin that the term "stoked" is normally used to describe the feeling one gets when surfing. Perhaps it's also applied in the context of extreme-sports related activity.
To my wonder, the term could be applied, and very aptly so, to moments that we, geek software developers, have in our work. That feeling arises when we do something that we think is extremely cool, that perhaps hasn't really been done in that particular way. For example, I sensed that feeling when reading a weblog I came across on java.net a while back, having to do with a very cool idea that occurred to one of the Wicket Framework developers. See Wicket + Swing == hmmm...interesting....
I believe that this feeling is the driving force behind the hordes of us out there, of any age, who spend their spare time coding, pursuing the creation of something that, to them, is so incredibly cool. So, just like surfers can't stop surfing and continually strive to be in that most special state of being stoked, so do software developers.
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For students with 24 or more credits.more »
For students with 24 or more credits.more »
We will continue our study through the book of Romans this semester.more »
Open to all who want to practice their German at all levels!more »
Meijer Runs, meet at the DeWitt flag pole. The shuttle will run from 6 - 8 p.m. Bring your student ID. Sponsored by Student Congress.more »
The Hope College Knickerbocker Winter Film series concludes with the film "Spinning Plates" on Monday-Saturday, Mar. 31 - Apr. 5 in Knickerbocker Theatre in downtown Holland.more »
Note change in location & time.more »


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Waterford Township police said Friday that the animals were seized Wednesday after officers responded to a complaint about a man and woman arguing in their front yard.
The woman said her fiancé locked her out of the home as she was moving out.
After helping her get inside, officers found the alligator in a plastic swimming pool in the basement. The python was in a glass tank in the living room. Both violate a township ordinance prohibiting exotic animals.
Charges are pending for the woman who owns the snake. Police said a 35-year-old man was cited for possessing the alligator and agreed to find another home for it.


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Brands Abba Pure
Abba Pure
The ABBA hair care collection is 100% vegan and chock full of all natural ingredients but free from sulfates and dyes. ABBA believes in botanical extracts, essential oils and enriching nutrients designed to revitalize hair from the inside out.
1 of 0
1 of 0


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The courtroom experience felt real for Kennard-Dale and Littlestown Area high school students Wednesday night as they played roles in a mock trial to get a feel for the real thing.
The scenario started as formally as the real thing.
Senior Judge John Uhler entered the courtroom and the bellowing "all rise" was the start of months of work.
Six students sat on each team making up the defense and the prosecution.
Students from Kennard-Dale were representing a Pennsylvania man who had lost his teen daughter, a future Olympian star, to steroid use. He had filed a lawsuit against the high school and the track coach, played by Littlestown students, who he was holding responsible for her death.
The statewide mock trial competition is organized by the Pennsylvania Bar Association's Young Lawyers Division. A judge from the local bar association volunteers to preside over the case while community volunteers act as the jury.
Peter Ruth, organizer of the district competition through the York County Bar Association's Young Lawyers Division, said students begin preparing in late December or early January with the help of one or two teacher coaches as well as attorney advisers.
Ruth said it's special for the kids to get in-court experience in front of a judge.
The mock trial competition is great preparation for students, and not just if they're going to become an attorney, he said. They go through the entire process, and have to take a case apart. They also have the courage to stand up and give an opening statement or a closing argument in front of a judge, who's going to critique them, he said.
"It's a great way for them to get a sneak peek of what law practice actually is as well as to build on public speaking, confidence," he said.
Wednesday night, students presented each side of the case with three on each time acting as attorneys while three others acted as witnesses.
Brooke Say with Stock and Leader and Sean McComas, a social studies teacher at Kennard-Dale, worked with the Kennard-Dale team to prepare them for the event.
"I think they did very well and were aggressive with their objections, which is hard for high school kids to do but something we like to push with them," Say said.
McComas said he looks for additional life skills through the trial, including analytical thinking and boosting confidence.
"A lot of these skills can be used for them no matter what career path they choose," McComas said.
Uhler applauded all the students who participated, noting how impressed he was with their development of the cases despite time constraints.
"I know how difficult these presentations are," he told them.
Uhler reminded the students to make their pitch to the jury, not the judge, and remember to present their cases as seriously and professionally as possible.
"I've been known to intimidate counsel as they come into my courtroom," Uhler said. "I think you all held your own very well."
Participating students
Six students were each represented on two teams from Kennard-Dale High School and Littlestown High School.
Students from Kennard-Dale were:
•Hogan Stricland, who played an attoryney
•Ashlynn Corrigan, an attorney
• Michael Campbell, an attorney
•Abby Leonard, who played witness Morgan Pierce
•Zach Cochran, who played witness Kelly Simon
•Kaitlyn McVeigh, who played witness Lynn Roper
Students from Littlestown were:
•Katie Thompson, who played witness Terry Swift
•Danielle Myers, who played an attorney
•Alexis Little who played an attorney
•Robin Moussa, who played witness Aubrey Bradey
•Katlyn Stockslager, who played an attorney
•Jacob Reed, who played witness Jamie Hager


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Remember the Kerry-Communion capers? Well...
By Diogenes (bio - articles ) | Mar 04, 2005
Archbishop Akinola is, regrettably, Anglican, not Catholic.
But don't despair. It is possible for a Catholic bishop-- even an American-- to deliver a clear and simple message.
An appeal from our founder, Dr. Jeffrey Mirus:
Dear reader: If you found the information on this page helpful in your pursuit of a better Catholic life, please support our work with a donation. Your donation will help us reach seven million Truth-seeking readers worldwide this year. Thank you!
Our Fall Campaign
Progress toward our year-end goal ($168,671 to go):
$200,000.00 $31,328.72
84% 16%
All comments are moderated. To lighten our editing burden, only current donors are allowed to Sound Off. If you are a donor, log in to see the comment form; otherwise please support our work, and Sound Off!
Posted by: Pseudodionysius -
Mar. 04, 2005 12:07 PM ET USA
Bishop Wilton Gregory, paging Bishop Wilton Gregory, incoming on line 2.
Posted by: coach1 -
Mar. 04, 2005 10:04 AM ET USA
Call to Action doesn't like the message!!


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If you were impressed with the costumes and the acting in the First section of the ceremonial, enjoy acting and can memorize lines, the Dramatic Corp. is for you.
The Dramatic Corp. puts on the work at all the ceremonials. They have beautiful costumes and scenery and are very proficient in the work they perform.
If you enjoy acting, want to learn more and further your Masonic knowledge and skills, this is the Unit to join. For more information, contact the Director shown above.
Ric Testasecca, Director
23145 Oakwood Ave.
Eastpointe MI 48021
(586) 776-6127


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|Red Cross: A new Thanksgiving tradition
|Tuesday, 20 November 2007 19:55
Red Cross invites you to start a new Thanksgiving tradition.
Blood donations made through November 26th will receive a Red Cross
Holiday Ornament and can enter to win two roundtrip Delta Air Lines tickets.
For appointment information, call the Watauga County Red Cross at 828-264-8226.
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"For a remember of Sarajevo"
Bosnia's formerly war-torn capital is an Eastern Europe gem.
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Triumph America Driver Boards
| Rivco
Usually ships in 3-5 Business Days from our warehouse
Give your Triumph America a highly customized look - especially when used with our matching passenger boards and highway pegs. Bolting on in place of the stock pegs they measure 8" x 5", provide full support for your feet, and are tipped back towards the rider at a 15 degree angle for maximum comfort. Machined from billet aluminum, hand-polished to a flawless finish and triple chrome-plated. Inlaid with soft anti-vibration neoprene rubber. The boards are hinged on their mounts and will fold up in the event of a tip over. Retains the stock shift and brake pedals while maintaining adequate foot room above and below.
Note: Driver Boards only fit up to vin # 468389


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Only brains twisted in a pretzel can be completely fine with sweeping lightly-overseen secret surveillance of society, but feel personal freedoms are tyrannically trampled when soda cups are limited to sizes smaller than a bucket or when city bikes are introduced.
Whoever thinks losing privacy is fine because he has nothing to hide, is either seriously lacking imagination, an idiot or both.
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Brandylee grew up in Oak creek Colorado, wasnt til the age of 12 that her mom discovered she had a hunger for music. Dancing was her drive and at age 13 she had a guitar in hand and has been playing and singing ever sence.She eventually moved to the city of denver where she started playing local bars and events with cover bands til she started the Brandy Lee Band.
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Louis Harris
- Filed Under
The fourth time was not the charm for Louis Harris, who was sentenced to seven years in prison for robbing a Wehrle Avenue resident in April.
Harris, 25, last known address 590 N. 21st St., Newark, pleaded guilty Wednesday to one count each of aggravated robbery, a first-degree felony, and aggravated burglary, a first-degree felony with firearm specifications. Two counts were dismissed after the prosecutor's office received no cooperation from co-defendant Stephon Ash, Licking County Assistant Prosecutor Brian Waltz said.
Between April 1 and April 10, Harris and Ash broke into a ...


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Fully sculpted ornaments celebrate 75 years of Farmall Red Power with detailed vintage tractors and Santas in Farmall caps. Arrive in sets of 3.
Measure approximately 3-1/2" L x 2" H
- Price:
- s&s
Come Christmas Eve, Santa's got a big job. That's why he turns to the tractor that farmers have relied on for three-quarters of a century - Farmall! Now, this first-ever collection of Farmall ornaments is ready to help you fire up that famous Farmall Red Power in your holiday home too, starting with Issue One, Super H, F-20, and Super M. Before long you'll enjoy Issue Two and additional sets of 3 Farmall ornaments, each set a separate issue to follow.
Available from The Bradford Exchange and arriving in sets of 3, the handcrafted Christmas ornaments in this unique collection are the perfect way to celebrate 75 years of Farmall Red, hard at work on America's farms. All ornaments feature fully sculpted and authentically detailed Farmall tractors, along with Santa proudly sporting his Farmall cap. Hand-painted holiday accents of gifts, wreaths and bows complete these delightful holiday treasures. Don't wait - strong demand is expected, so order now!
- A heartwarming first-ever collection of Farmall tractor Christmas ornaments, the perfect celebration of 75 years of Farmall Red power, available from The Bradford Exchange
- Arriving in sets of 3, each fully sculpted ornament is handcrafted in artist's resin and features Santa proudly sporting his Farmall cap alongside an authentically detailed vintage Farmall tractor
- Hand-painted holiday accents of gifts, wreaths and bows complete these unique down-on-the-farm holiday ornaments
- Silvery hanging cords included
- Certificate of Authenticity, one for each set of 3
- Measure approximately 3-1/2" L x 2" H ; 8.9 cm L x 5.1 cm H
- Reserves the entire 75 Years of Farmall Red Ornament Collection from The Bradford Exchange in your name so you never risk an increase on the price of other collectibles in this collection, or miss a single issue of this collection
- Each issue will be shipped to you for your review, about one every month or two (pending availability), at the same low issue price and charged to the credit card on which your order was placed. No need to order each one separately
- You may cancel your collection at any time with no obligation
- "Issue One - Super H, F-20, and Super M," will be followed by "Issue Two" and additional sets of 3 Farmall ornaments as they become available
- Buy This Item Now:
- Farmall Tractor And Santa Christmas Ornament Collection
Farmall Ornaments Celebrate 75 Years of Farmall Red AND Help Santa with the Biggest Job of the Year! A First-Ever Collection!
- Item no:
- 902819
- Price:
- s&s
©2011 The Bradford Exchange


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1. Combine bulgur and water in a small bowl; let stand until the water is absorbed and the bulgur is tender, 20 to 30 minutes. Drain any excess liquid.
2. Meanwhile, heat coriander and cumin seeds in a small skillet over medium heat until they begin to pop and are fragrant and lightly toasted, about 2 minutes. Scrape into a small bowl to cool, then crush in a mortar and pestle or spice grinder.
3. Combine 2 teaspoons of the spice mixture with yogurt, scallion greens, 2 tablespoons parsley, mint, oregano, lemon zest, lemon juice, sugar and 1/2 teaspoon pepper in a small bowl. Cover and refrigerate until ready to serve.
4. Combine tomato, red onion and oil in another small bowl.
5. Preheat broiler (see Grilling Variation). Coat a broiler pan with cooking spray.
6. Place the reserved bulgur, the remaining spice mixture, the remaining 2 tablespoons parsley and the remaining 1 teaspoon pepper in a large bowl. Add lamb, turkey, yellow onion, egg, garlic, cayenne, salt, allspice and cinnamon. Gently combine, without overmixing, until evenly incorporated. Form into 12 equal balls, then form each into an oval patty about 1/2 inch thick.
7. Place the patties on the prepared broiler pan. Broil, turning once, until browned and an instant-read thermometer inserted in the center registers 165°F, 8 to 10 minutes total.
8. Slice open the warmed pita breads. Fill with 2 burgers, about 1/3 cup tomato mixture and 2 generous tablespoons yogurt sauce each.
Grilling Variation: To grill the lamb patties, preheat a grill to medium-high. Oil the grill rack (see Tip). Grill the patties, turning once, until an instant-read thermometer inserted in the center registers 165°F, 8 to 10 minutes total.
Ingredient Notes:
Bulgur is made by parboiling, drying and coarsely grinding or cracking wheat berries. Don't confuse bulgur with cracked wheat, which is simply that–cracked wheat. Since the parboiling step is skipped, cracked wheat must be cooked for up to an hour whereas bulgur simply needs a quick soak in hot water for most uses. Look for it in the natural-foods section of large supermarkets, near other grains, or online at kalustyans.com, lebaneseproducts.com.
Greek-style yogurt is made by removing the whey from cultured milk. Removing the whey gives it an extra thick and creamy texture–making it the perfect ingredient for a lower-fat dessert topping. You can strain regular yogurt to make it thick like Greek-style yogurt. Line a sieve with cheesecloth and set it over a bowl. (Alternatively, use a coffee filter lined with filter paper.) Spoon in 1 cup nonfat plain yogurt and let it drain in the refrigerator until reduced to 3/4 cup, about 2 hours.
Tip: To oil the grill rack, oil a folded paper towel, hold it with tongs and rub it over the rack. (Do not use cooking spray on a hot grill.) When grilling delicate foods like tofu and fish, it is helpful to spray the food with cooking spray.
More From Kitchen Daily:
Nutrition Facts
Provided by: EatingWell
Per Single Serving / Serves 6 Total
- Calories 546
- Calories from fat 180
- Total Fat 20gm 31%
- Saturated Fat 6gm 30%
- Monounsaturated Fat 9gm
- Sodium 653mg 27%
- Total Carbohydrates 60gm 20%
- Fiber 11gm 11%
- Protein 32gm
- Cholesterol 102mg 34%
Percent Daily Values are based on a 2000 calorie diet. Your daily values may be higher or lower depending on your calorie needs.


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The Impact of Texas Senate Bill 42 on Middle School Children's Level of Physical Activity (TXSB42)
- Full Text View
- Tabular View
- No Study Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
The purpose of this study was twofold: 1) to assess awareness of and adherence to Texas SB42 among a representative sample of public middle schools in Texas; and 2) to assess the impact of SB42 on the frequency of school PE class, the quality of school PE, and prevalence of child self-reported physical activity behaviors and child overweight along the Texas-Mexico border.
Body Weight
|Study Type:
|Study Design:
|Observational Model: Ecologic or Community
Time Perspective: Prospective
|Official Title:
|The Impact of Texas Senate Bill 42 on Middle School Children's Level of Physical Activity
- key informant questionnaire [ Time Frame: April 2006- April 2008 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
- System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time [ Time Frame: April 2007 - April 2008 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
- School Physical Activity Nutrition questionnaire [ Time Frame: April 2007 - April 2008 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
- body mass index [ Time Frame: April 2007 - April 2008 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
|Study Start Date:
|April 2006
|Study Completion Date:
|June 2008
|Primary Completion Date:
|April 2008 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)
Childhood overweight is a significant public health issue in Texas. In response to this problem, the 79th Texas legislature passed Senate Bill 42 (SB 42), which promotes healthier school environments in middle schools, in June, 2005. As a result of SB 42, all Texas public middle schools must require students to engage in at least 30 minutes of daily physical activity or a total of 135 minutes of physical activity per week, beginning in the 2006-2007 school year. The purpose of this study was to determine the barriers and facilitators of implementation and the ultimate impact of this mandate on school PE, child physical activity, and child overweight in Texas public middle schools, and specifically among children living in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) of South Texas. Questionnaires with key informants (school principals, PE teachers, and school district PE and health education directors) were conducted in a random sample of middle schools to assess the implementation of SB 42 (2006-2007). In addition, a more detailed evaluation of SB 42 was accomplished with a representative sample of middle schools in the LRGV, a low-income Latino area of the state. Measurements in the LRGV schools included observed and measured child physical activity, self-reported physical activity behaviors, and child overweight (BMI).
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|18 Years to 75 Years
|Genders Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
|Sampling Method:
|Probability Sample
There are 1,224 school districts and 1,159 public middle schools in the state of Texas. Of all Texas students, 43% are Hispanic, 14% are African American, 40% are White, and 3% are other. Additionally, 51.8% are considered economically disadvantaged. PHR 11 covers a large area of the LRGV (along the Texas/Mexico border), and including 50 school districts and 485 public schools. Within PHR 11, 84.5% of children are considered economically disadvantage and more than 90% are Latino).
Inclusion Criteria:
- The study sample consisted of a representative sample of Texas public middle schools (112 schools) as well as a representative sample of Lower Rio Grande Valley middle schools (17 schools).
Exclusion Criteria:
- Middle schools that did not participate in the 2004-2005 School Physical Activity and Nutrition Project.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00672815
|United States, Texas
|The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston
|Brownsville, Texas, United States, 78520
|Principal Investigator:
|Cristina S Barroso, DrPH
|The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston
|Responsible Party:
|Cristina S. Barroso, DrPH, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT00672815 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
|HSC-SPH-06-0155, 56318 Active Living Research
|Study First Received:
|May 2, 2008
|Last Updated:
|January 20, 2010
|Health Authority:
|United States: Institutional Review Board
Keywords provided by The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston:
coordinated school health
school health policy evaluation
physical activity
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Body Weight
Signs and Symptoms
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on October 02, 2015


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Lanvin sneakers are now a "must have" for the wardrobe.
Shop the LANVIN sneakers here : www.lanvin.com/e-lanvin
The collection offers a range of quality materials such as satin and velvet and velvet calf — with an ample range of fabrics and tones.
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Finding a quality hotel in downtown Montreal below the hundred-dollar mark is often a challenge. Not so with this deal, which offers rooms for $99 per night in August, November, and December -- a saving of as much as 40% on current rates.
Stays in September and October cost $10 more per night. The wide range of dates available includes most weekends and holidays such as Labour Day, Christmas and Boxing Day.
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Flyers captain Claude Giroux accepts a U.S. flag from Air Force tech sergeant Eric Bratton, a Vineland native.
When Eric Bratton approached his favorite player for an autograph, he had something to give in return.
The 34-year-old Vineland native, who recently returned home from his fifth tour of duty in the last 13 years, handed Claude Giroux a United States flag flown on the Air Force tech sergeant's jet.
It was perfectly folded in the traditional triangle and sat in the flag's original cardboard box along with pictures of the flag waving in the skies of the Middle East. ...


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1. The Best of Joe Henderson
Transcriptions of 16 of Joe's best-known tunes, including: Afro-Centric · Black Narcissus · El Barrio · Home Stretch · If · If You're Not Part of the Solution, You're... more info$22.95 add to cart
Usually ships within 1-2 business days
Tenor Sax. Artist Transcriptions. Authentic note-for-note transcriptions. 9x12 inches. 120 pages. Published by Hal Leonard. (HL.00672330)
2. Joe Henderson - Selections from Lush Life and So Near, So Far
12 tenor sax transcriptions, including: Flamenco Sketches · A Flower Is a Lovesome Thing · Joshua · Lush Life · Milestones · So Near, So Far · Take the A Train · and... more info$19.95 add to cart
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Tenor Sax. 9x12 inches. 72 pages. Published by Hal Leonard. (HL.00673252)


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|17 Jan 2002
|Filing date
|21 Sep 2001
|Priority date
|1 Dec 1998
|Also published as
|Publication number
|David Utterberg, William Schnell
|Original Assignee
|Utterberg David S., Schnell William J.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (8), Classifications (6), Legal Events (16)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
[0001] This is a continuation-in-part of Utterberg et al. application Ser. No. 09/203,274, filed Dec. 1, 1998.
[0002] Arterial and venous blood pressures in hemodialysis and other extracorporeal tube sets have traditionally been measured indirectly via a blood/air interface and air column communicating with a pressure measuring transducer. Such interface is typically located in an air trap chamber. The air column typically is contained within and communicates between various components: the top of a chamber, a pressure monitor tube (PMT), a dialysis machine tubing and a pressure measuring transducer housing within the dialysis machine. Also known are blood/air interfaces without a chamber where a PMT communicates with a blood tube at a "T" connection.
[0003] Each air column typically comprises a sterile chamber/PMT portion and an unsterile machine portion. A sterility barrier (or transducer protector), capable of transmitting air pressure while maintaining sterility, separates the sterile chamber/PMT portion from each unsterile machine portion. Typically the sterility barrier is a hydrophobic membrane permeable to air flow but not to aqueous liquids. Typically, the air column has an large cross section in the air trap chamber (10-35 mm ID) and a narrow cross section in the PMT (0.5-3.5 mm ID).
[0004] Such blood/air interfaces have numerous problems. First, blood exposed to air activates a clotting cascade, usually in direct proportion to the blood/air interface surface area and to the degree of stagnation of the blood at the interface. Anticoagulants such as heparin are required to counteract such clotting tendency. Anticoagulants are costly and have numerous side effects for the patient.
[0005] Second, air in conventional air trap chambers can escape and enter the patient, even if no air enters the chamber in the incoming blood flow. That is, if and when the blood/air interface falls below the blood inlet (e.g., a downspout) the incoming blood flow causes cavitation at the interface and entrains air emboli in the downward blood flow, such that the air may escape the air trap chamber.
[0006] Third, air trap chambers often comprise over 20 percent of the size, weight and cost of the entire blood tubing set.
[0007] The fourth problem relates to blood/air interface level changes in the chamber due to pressure reductions (where liquid level goes down) and pressure increases (where liquid level goes up). Such level changes promote a risk of inhibiting accurate pressure measurements and may promote air emboli passing to the patient. The degree of blood/air interface level change is in direct proportion to the total volume of air in both the tube set and pressure machine portions according to Boyle's law. Machine air volumes typically vary from 0.5 cc to more than 10 cc, depending on manufacturer and model. PMT air volumes typically range from 0.5 cc to 6 cc. Chamber air volumes depend on the blood level chosen by the clinician, but typically range from 3 cc to 20 cc. With the blood pump off, blood pressures are zero, and the arterial and venous blood/air interfaces are at the level in the chamber initially chosen by the clinician. But when blood flows increase to typical speeds (e.g. 450 ml/min with 15 G AVF needles), pre-pump pressures drop as much as −400 mmHg or more and post-pump pressures increase as much as +500 mmHg.
[0008] In the positive pressure case, the air volume may be compressed as much as 40 percent or more ((1160 mmHg-760 mmHg)/760 mmHg). If the chamber/PMT air volume is less than 40 percent of the total air volume, the blood/air interface level can rise into the PMT until it is stopped by the transducer protector. Blood is thus trapped in the transducer protector and typically clots, and the machine transducer is no longer able to accurately measure pressure. This is a highly dangerous situation. In the negative pressure case, the air volume may be expanded as much as 65 percent or more (760 mmHg/(760 mmHg-300 mmHg)). If the chamber blood volume is less than the expansion air volume, the blood/air interface may fall until it empties the chamber and passes air to the patient, causing air emboli, an even more dangerous situation.
[0009] A fifth problem relates to dialysis tube sets and dialyzers requiring priming with physiologic fluid to eliminate unwanted air prior to processing blood through the circuit. In typical prior art chambers, an initial saline prime creates a saline/air interface in an upper portion of the chamber at a position chosen by the physician. When blood flow starts, however, saline is completely displaced by blood due to the excellent mixing in these chambers. Typically, the blood inlet is close to the saline/air interface or points at the saline/air interface. Thus, the saline/air interface quickly becomes a blood/air interface.
[0010] Other prior art chambers have long blood inlet downspouts or other arrangements to enter the chamber well below the fluid level in the chamber and pointed away from the fluid level. For example, Fresenius AG has an air trap chamber designed to promote a blood/saline or plasma/air interface with the blood inlet directed transversely and located well below the interface of the chamber. In these chambers, the initial saline/air interface may be set well above the blood inlet to the chamber. Blood is slightly heavier than saline (the cellular elements more so than plasma), so when blood enters the chamber (especially at low or moderate flow common in Europe and Japan), blood tends not to invade the stagnant (saline) area above the inlet level. This is often sufficient to stratify into a blood/saline/air interface or even stratify into a blood/plasma/air interface since plasma is almost the density of saline and will rise above blood's cellular elements if relatively undisturbed. As saline-to-air contact initiates no clotting-cascade, and plasma-to-air contact has few if any initiators for clotting, this design is thought to provide clotting protection over a normal blood/air interface.
[0011] In practice, however, this approach has had little practical value. Dialysis has many events that cause abrupt pressure changes: peristaltic pump action at high flows (a large pressure pulse where flow instantaneously slows, stops or even reverses with each roller stroke); pump stoppages due to alarms; patient movements, patient coughing, line kinking, inadvertent clamping, etc. These pressure changes cause the fluid level to rise or fall rapidly. In those chambers which have large cross sectional areas, "plug flow" does not occur. Instead, blood "burps" up into the stagnant plasma or saline layers, and displaces some or all of the plasma and/or saline. Now blood is in a stagnant area of the chamber with a blood/air interface, and significant clotting is created. "Plug flow" is the movement of two fluids in a tube as separate but intact bodies, such that an interface separating the two fluids is maintained. Plug flow is easier with relatively small ID tubes than larger tubes.
[0012] Sixth, a greater destroyer of a stable blood/plasma or saline interface in air trap chambers is air bubbles entrained in the incoming blood flow. These bubbles rise to the surface, passing through any saline or plasma layers because the cross sectional area of these chambers is much larger than the diameter of these bubbles. If bubbles enter a tube small enough that the bubble bridges from wall to wall, frictional forces stop the bubble from rising further, unless convective forces push on the fluid column. The bubble locks the fluid above the bubble from mixing with the fluid below the bubble (as artfully employed by clinical analyzers). Bubbles of less diameter than the tube they are carried in, however, will freely rise. Due to the non-airfoil shape of these bubbles, they drag up blood in their wake into the plasma/saline layers. It takes relatively few bubbles to completely displace essentially all plasma or saline with blood creating a stagnant blood/air interface. As above, this blood is now subject to the stagnation clotting cascade mechanism.
[0013] The prior art also includes Cobe machines that mate with a sterile cassette tube set with a non-porous, diaphragmatic sterility barrier mounted directly in an air trap chamber side wall, which eliminates the need for a pressure monitor tube. This set does, however, comprise a blood/air interface in the air trap chamber. Brugger et al U.S. Pat. No. 5,693,008 shows an arrangement of machine and tube set which eliminates the blood/air interface. Zanger U.S. Pat. No. 5,392,653 discloses blood pressure measurement without an blood/air interface, using a diaphragm in direct connection with a force transducer.
[0014] Another prior art of a Japanese company seeks to overcome the blood/air problem by interposing a low weight fat between the blood and air phases. It discloses injecting a low weight fat into each chamber. Because this fat's density is significantly below that of blood or plasma, it floats on top and prevent a blood/air interface, and if the layer is disrupted by bubbles or pressure pulses, the fat again rises to become the air interface. It also claims that fat does not initiate any clotting cascade mechanism. The expense and pharmaceutical regulatory approval required of this approach has apparently prevented its use.
[0015] Worldwide, all hemodialysis machines in use today are designed for blood/air interface tube sets. These machines provide over 120 million dialyses per year for over 800,000 end stage renal disease patients. Recent disclosures of airless blood tubing sets will require new machines and many years to bring their benefits to a substantial number of patients. It is an objective of this invention to create tube sets and methods for all presently existing machines, and new machines, that eliminate the blood/air interface. It is also a preferred objective of this invention to reduce the amount of anticoagulant required to perform dialysis. It is a preferred objective of this invention to reduce clotting in the tube sets, putting the saline column at least partially in a tube that has an inner diameter that substantially promotes "plug flow" and keeps the saline in between the blood phase and the air phase. It is a preferred objective of this invention that no modification of the existing machines is required to use these tube sets and methods. Also by this invention, the number of tube set components can be reduced in number, size and cost.
[0016] By this invention, the blood/air interface can be eliminated while sensing pressure in blood flow tubing. The method comprises: placing an aqueous, typically physiological, isotonic, substantially cell-free solution, (typically normal medical saline solution or the like) into branch connection tubing that connects in branching relation with the blood flow tubing at one end, and connecting with a pressure transducer unit at its other end. An air volume is maintained to occupy a portion of the branch connection tubing which is adjacent to the other end near the pressure transducer unit. One then flows positively or negatively pressurized blood through the blood flow tubing. Thus, the pressure of the blood is communicated through the aqueous solution and then the air volume in the branch connection tubing to the pressure transducer unit, with the blood being spaced from the air volume.
[0017] Typically, substantially all of the branch connection tubing containing the aqueous solution and air volume has an inner diameter of substantially no more than 5 mm. One purpose of this is to facilitate continued separation of blood and the solution described above, when pressurized blood enters the branch connection tubing through the one end. Preferably, the inner diameter of the tubing will be substantially no more than 3.5 mm.
[0018] While the above facilitates the continued separation of blood and solution, a certain amount of mixing may take place in the branch connection tubing so that the aqueous, cell-free solution can become pink in the area adjacent to the blood-solution interface. For this and other reasons, it is preferred for a priming solution tube, which is connected to a source of priming solution, to be connected in branching relation with the branch connection tube. Thus, added portions of priming solution can be periodically added to push downwardly the aqueous solution in the branch connection tubing, which has become mixed with a small amount of blood, into the blood flow tubing during operation, so that the aqueous solution in the branch connection tubing can remain substantially blood cell-free.
[0019] In this invention, the blood/air interface of the prior art is thus replaced on a continuing basis by a blood/saline/air interface. A saline column (or other appropriate solution) is interposed during the priming procedure between the blood phase and the air phase. The saline column, saline/air interface and air column are located within the branch connection tubing communicating with a main blood flow tube, optionally with an enlarged chamber of the main blood flow tube. Preferably, such a blood chamber is filled completely (eliminating any blood/air interface), and is well mixed. Preferably, the branch connection tubing is sized to promote plug flow (so as to prevent the blood/saline interface from rapidly degrading with pressure pulses, alarms, patient movements and changes in blood pressure from atmospheric to operating pressures) and to resist free flow of air bubbles. Its inlet to the blood flow tubing may be positioned below the highest point in the chamber so as to resist entry of air bubbles.
[0020] The ratio of the saline volume in the chamber/PMT to the air volume in the system is sufficient to prevent transducer protectors of the pressure transducer unit from being wetted out in a positive pressure situation, or air being dumped into the main blood tube in a negative pressure situation. An in-line chamber maybe added to the branch connection tubing to help accomplish this.
[0021] This invention may use a variety of designs and methods, with and without air trap chambers in the blood tubing or in branch saline or air tubing.
[0022] The aqueous solution may be formulated to be compatible with blood to suppress clotting, for example, by the addition of heparin or the like. The heparin line which is conventionally found in extracorporeal blood sets may be connected in another branching connection to the branch connection tubing, typically at a connection downstream of a branch connection with the source of added aqueous solution, for priming and patient fluid maintenance.
[0023] The branch connection tubing may, if desired, define an in-line chamber that preferably extends for no more than 10 percent (and typically less than 7 percent) of the length of the branch connection tubing. The purpose of this is to provide an increased volume to the branch connection tubing, to reduce the movement of particularly the interface between blood and the aqueous solution as blood pressure changes.
[0024] Also, it may be desirable for the branch connection tubing to comprise a flow-resisting constriction to slow movement of the interface boundary between the blood and aqueous solution upon pressure changes. Particularly, the flow-resisting constriction is preferably positioned at a portion of the branch connection tubing that carries the aqueous solution, farther up the tubing than blood would be expected to travel. Thus, the movement of the interface boundary between the blood and the aqueous solution maybe slowed in a manner to reduce mixing of blood and solution at their interface in the event of large, sudden pressure changes. Preferably, the flow-resisting constriction is positioned at a portion of the branch connection tubing that carries the aqueous solution, to spare the blood from the stresses that might be encountered by passing through such restriction.
[0025] In another embodiment, the main blood flow tubing may comprise an enlarged chamber portion. The branch connection tube connects in branching relation with the blood flow tubing through a wall of the enlarged chamber portion. The enlarged chamber portion is preferably completely filled with aqueous solution at the end of priming of the set for use, and then it becomes completely filled with blood, except for air bubbles that may be trapped in the chamber during the use, and are periodically drawn away by a syringe through an injection site or branch tube, or through a hydrophobic vent, in conventional manner.
[0026] In this embodiment, the branch connection tube may have a proximal end portion which extends for a substantial distance into the enlarged chamber portion inwardly through its wall. In use, the interface boundary between the blood and aqueous fluid may occupy the proximal end portion.
[0027] The branch connection tube may be integral and nonseparable along its length from its connection to the main blood flow tubing, to the connector at its other end through which it connects with the pressure transducer unit. Alternatively, the branch connection tube may be separable into two or more serial components by means of a pair or pairs of engaging connectors in various ways as maybe desired. For example, the branch connection tube maybe separable by a pair of adjoining connectors positioned between a T- or Y-junction where a line to a source of priming solution connects with the branching tubing, and to the main blood tube, so that most of the branch connection tubing and its connected priming solution tube can be a separate set. Alternatively, the tube that connects between the priming solution and the branch connection tubing maybe a separate set, while the branch connection tubing is integral with the main blood tube. As another alternative, the branch connection tubing may carry an in-line chamber comprising preferably less than ten percent of the length of the branch connection tubing, and the line connected to the source of aqueous, cell-free solution (priming solution) can connect to that chamber in a form of a branch connection.
[0028] Branch connection tubings may connect to the blood tube both upstream (negative pressure) and downstream (positive pressure) of roller pump tubing, or other tubing which engages another type of pump for pumping through the tubing. Each of these branch connection tubings may communicate with a pressure transducer so that upstream and/or downstream pressure from the pump can be measured. The tubings will each have an air filled section adjacent the transducer protector and an aqueous solution-filled section adjacent the blood tube in accordance with this invention. Also, if desired, tubing may connect to each of these tubings in branching connection to provide access to a source of aqueous, isotonic, substantially cell-free solution (such as normal saline solution) so that such solution may be applied to the branch connection tubing. This solution may also be added back to the blood after treatment by hemofiltration for example, to give the patient a desired hematocrit in the blood before returning the blood to the patient.
[0029] The invention of this application may be utilized in the particular sets and the process of automatic priming thereof that fall under the scope of the invention as described in Utterberg U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/954,804, filed Oct. 21, 1997, entitled "Automatic Priming of Blood Sets", now U.S. Pat. No. 5,951,870.
[0030] In another embodiment of this invention, an electronic transducer for pressure sensing can be dispensed with, and the pressure may be directly sensed by observing the behavior of a chamber or the interface between an aqueous solution-filled section and an air-filled section of the chamber of branch connection tubing, as more specifically described below.
[0031]FIG. 1 is a partially schematic view of a hemodialysis blood circuit system, showing one embodiment of the invention;
[0032]FIG. 1A shows the circuit system of FIG. 1 in its priming mode prior to adding blood;
[0033]FIG. 2 is an elevational view of a portion of another hemodialysis blood circuit showing other embodiments of the invention of this application;
[0034]FIG. 3 is an elevational view of a portion of a third hemodialysis blood circuit, showing another embodiment of this invention; and
[0035]FIG. 4 is an elevational view of a portion of a fourth hemodialysis blood circuit, showing another embodiment of this invention.
[0036] Referring to the drawings, FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the invention for arterial pre-pump pressure monitoring, showing a partially schematic blood flow circuit for removing blood from patient P, passing the blood through blood flow tubing system 10 including arterial line 24, and a generally conventional blood pumping system 12, passing blood through a hemodialyzer 14 or other blood processing device such as a hemofiltration device, and then via venous line 26 returning the blood to the patient. As is conventional, blood pump 12 may comprise a length of peristaltic pump tubing 16 having connectors 18, 20 at the respective ends thereof, which may connect with branch connection line or lines 22 in conventional manner. Branch connection line 22 may be used to add heparin, to remove blood samples, or the like.
[0037] As shown in FIG. 1, a section 28 of branch connection tubing 27 is provided, being integral with arterial blood tubing 24, and connecting with a second section 30 of the branch connection tubing 27 by means of a conventional luer lock connector system 32 or the like. Branch connection tubing section 30 defines a flow path that extends through T-connector 34 and then through a third section 36 of branch connection tubing 27 that terminates in a female luer connector 38.
[0038] Connector 38 is shown to connect to a transducer protector 40 of known design, which carries an air permeable, liquid blocking barrier, to protect a conventional pressure transducer 42, which is positioned within the housing of a conventional dialysis machine 44 of present commercial design, which machine controls the flow and dialysis conditions through the system and monitors necessary parameters in known manner. Usually, dialyzer 14 is carried on the dialysis machine 44, although not so shown in this schematic view of FIG. 1.
[0039] T-connector 34 has a third connection which communicates with priming solution tube 46, which carries a roller clamp 48, and terminates at its upper end in a conventional I.V. drip chamber 50. Drip chamber 50 has a conventional spike 52, which is shown to be in connection with a bag of medical saline solution 54.
[0040] In accordance with this invention, referring to FIG. 1 a, flow of liquid from saline bag 54 is opened after all connections are made so that saline solution fills the sections of branch connection tubing 27, and also flows into arterial blood flow tubing 24 to prime the respective arterial and venous tubing sets 24, 26 and the dialyzer 14, preferably via removable recirculation tube 99 prior to patient connection. Clamp 37 may be opened so that an amount of the solution from bag 54 passes into tube section 36 by venting out via temporarily unconnected transducer protector 40, stopping at some clinically chosen point along the tube such as point 56, where a solution-air interface is formed after transducer protector 40 is sealed to the machine fitment 41. This interface is formed because there is no venting outlet for tube 36 on its end connected with transducer protector 40 and pressure transducer 42.
[0041] Then, referring again to FIG. 1, roller clamp 48 may be typically closed, patient P is connected, and roller pump 12 begins operation, drawing blood from patient P into arterial set 24, while returning first priming solution and then blood to the patient via dialyzer 14 and then venous set 26 in a conventional dialysis circuit.
[0042] Clamps 29 and 37 remain open, so that negative pressure in the blood flow tubing system 10 upstream of pump 12 is directly transmitted through the branch connection tubing sections 28, 30, 36 to the pressure transducer 42. This negative pressure can be read out and displayed through the electronics of dialysis machine 44, and automatic shut off can occur when wrong pressures are sensed.
[0043] As this negative pressure is monitored during the operation of roller pump 12 and the flow of blood through tubing system 10, dynamic pressure pulse variations may take place, and will be transmitted through tubing sections 28, 30, 36 to the pressure transducer 42, for a moment-by-moment readout of the pressure. As negative pressure increases, the saline/air interface will move down line 36 to position 56 b, for example, in a "plug flow" type manner, forming a stable solution-air interface because there is little mixing between the priming solution in tubing 36 and the blood. This happens because branch connection tubing sections 28, 30, 36 each have an inner diameter of no more than about 5 mm, and typically less than 3.5 mm. The solution-air interface 56 b will correspondingly move back and forth, and the air found in section 58 of tubing 36 will be relatively compressed and decompressed as the pressure in the system fluctuates, transferring the moment-by-moment pressures to pressure transducer 42.
[0044] Branch connection tubing sections 28, 30, 36 can be of a sufficient length that the pressure fluctuations encountered fail to drive the liquid-air interface 56 into transducer protector 40 at maximum pressures encountered, while also preventing minimum pressures from causing liquid-air interface 56 b to be driven down tubing sections 28, 30 to cause air to enter blood flow tubing 10.
[0045] During operation, it may be desirable to open roller clamp 48 to allow more normal saline priming solution to pass into the branch connection tubing 27, and particularly tubing sections 28, 30, if blood begins to mix with the cell-free aqueous solution in sections 28,30. The solution which has become pink due to admixing with blood can pass into blood flow tubing circuit 10, so that a discrete blood-solution interface 59 can be easily recreated as needed. The pressure head of solution from the elevated bag 54 is generally sufficient to drive solution into the blood circuit 10. Thus, stagnant blood residing in the branch tubing 27, and obscuring the blood-solution interface 59 by mixing with the solution, can be returned to the main circuit 10. The effect of this is to suppress clotting, as well as to maintain a clear blood-solution interface 59, since stagnant blood can be returned to the circuit 10 before the clotting process gets under way. This interface 59 also can move along branch connector tubing 27, 28 with varying pressures.
[0046] Referring to FIG. 2, a similar dialysis blood flow circuit 10 a is shown, with a similar branch connector tube 27 a for pre-pump arterial negative pressure measurement, the system having components of similar number to the reference numerals of FIG. 1, but with the added suffix "a." Branch connector tubing 28 a represents an integral combination with the other sections of the branch connection tubing 27 a, extending from a connector 18 a at one end of roller pump tubing 16 a to female luer 38 a connecting with transducer protector 40 a and transducer 42 a in dialysis machine 44 a. The integral connection of tubing 28 a to the main blood flow tubing 10 a may be made at connector 18 a in conventional manner.
[0047] As a further modification, a chamber 34 a is substituted for the previous T-connector of similar number, which chamber provides the function of a T-connector with respect to priming solution tube 46 a, which can connect through spike 52 a to a saline bag 54 a. In this embodiment, chamber 34 a can comprise the typical site of the liquid-air interface 56 a, being placed in the enlarged diameter chamber 34 a relative to the tubing 28 a, 36 a. This also eliminates the need for chamber 50 of the previous embodiment, since chamber 34 a can serve both as a drip chamber and as an enlarged chamber to hold the priming solution-air interface 56 a. Thus, as the system is negatively pressurized with roller clamp 48 a closed, a larger internal volume is provided to the branch connection tubing system 27 a, so that the corresponding movement of priming solution-air interface 56 a is low because of the enlarged volume of chamber 34 a. At maximum negative pressures, preferably solution-air interface 56 a stays within chamber 34 a. Thus, there is greatly reduced risk of the priming solution air interface 56 a moving down tube 28 a to drop into blood flow tubing system 10 a.
[0048] As before, blood in line 28 a can be eliminated if needed, being returned to the main blood flow circuit 10 a by the addition of a small amount of added solution from saline bag 54 a by control of roller clamp 48 a. Thus a clear blood-solution interface can be maintained, at times within connector 18 a, and clotting can be suppressed.
[0049] The downstream connector 20 a, which connects the larger diameter of roller pump tubing 16 a with a section of arterial tubing 24 a, has a second branch connection line 64, for post pump arterial positive pressure measurement, in accordance with this invention. By this invention, branch connection line 64 may be at least partially filled with saline solution during the priming step to a solution-air interface level 56 c, so that, during blood processing, at maximum positive pressures, solution/air interface 56 c may be provided in chamber line 68, the position of interface 56 c moving back and forth in a manner dependent upon the pressure in the system.
[0050] The blood/solution interface 59 a will move also with pressure from adjacent to connector 20 a up the line 64 in the same manner, dependent upon the positive pressure in the system.
[0051] A constricted flow resistor 66 may be provided to slow the movement of interface 59 a with pressure changes, so that mixing of blood and solution is suppressed.
[0052] Branch line 64 connects to an enlarged chamber 68, where the liquid-air level or interface 56 c is provided. The branch line system then continues with a top line 72, extending from the top of chamber 68 and terminating in a luer connector 74, which releasably connects with transducer protector 76, of a design similar to transducer protectors 40 and 40 a. Pressure transducer 42 b then connects in sealed manner to line 72 through the transducer protector 76, so that pressure in the system is transmitted to pressure transducer 42 b through branch line 64, chamber 68, and top line 72, in a manner similar to the functioning of the previous transducers 42 and 42 a. A priming drain line 75 can optionally be added, typically connecting to the top of chamber 68, to facilitate priming of the blood set 10 a and the entire system in a manner as described in the previously cited Utterberg U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/954,804.
[0053] Thus, the pressure of the system can be monitored from two different positions, one negative pressure upstream of the pumping site 12 a and one positive pressure downstream of the same pumping site.
[0054]FIG. 3 shows a modification of the pressure sensing system of this invention. Typically, this is a modification of the positive pressure measurement system, preferably on the venous or return line to the patient where air trapping is required to prevent air emboli from reaching the patient. FIG. 3 shows a positive pressure embodiment.
[0055] Blood flow chamber 10 c connects with flow tubing 80, 82, which may be part of either an arterial or a venous set portion of a blood flow circuit for a hemodialyzer system, a hemofiltration system, a plasmapheresis system or the like.
[0056] Chamber 84 looks like a conventional air removal chamber for a conventional hemodialysis set, but operates in a different manner. Particularly, chamber 84 is substantially completely filled with liquid, and not having the conventional liquid level with an air space above it. Rather, the chamber is completely filled first with priming solution, which is then replaced with blood. Incoming entrained air bubbles 88 within inlet tube 80 collect near the top of the chamber, and may be withdrawn as desired through tube 90 or through a hydrophobic vent when an air space does form.
[0057] Preferably, chamber 84 includes depending tube 86 (which descends at least partially into chamber 10 c) and communicates with branch connection tubing 92 at the top of chamber 84. Alternately branch tubing 92 may contain a chamber 68 c and/or a restriction 66 c similar in concept and function to related items 68 and 66 of FIG. 2. Branch connection tubing 92 connects with a female luer connector 38 c in a manner similar to previous embodiments, and female luer connector 38 c removably connects with transducer protector 40 c. Transducer system 42 c, of known design, is typically positioned within dialysis machine 44 c as in previous embodiments to sense pressures in line 92 through connection line 43 c. Clamp 37 c can be closed except when pressure is being sensed or saline solution level adjusted. Chamber level adjust line and pump 45 c is conventionally provided here and in the other pressure sensor systems shown.
[0058] Such a positive pressure system, upon priming, will have a saline/air interface initially set at a point within depending tube 86 (if present) or in tube 92 (or chamber 68 c if present). With the addition oxblood at operating flows and pressures, the saline/air interface will move upward, causing a blood/saline interface to be formed within the branching line system (of which depending tube 86 maybe a part, if present). For example, at operating pressure a saline/blood interface maybe formed at 59 c. Changes of pressure may cause relatively little movement of interface 59 c if the diameter of depending tube 86, if present, is relatively larger. Such enlarged diameter can cause the continuous exchange of blood to and from the interior of depending tube 86 without serious disruption of the blood/solution interface.
[0059] A saline/air interface 56 d can be provided in line 92, so that the saline never reaches transducer protector 40 c under normal circumstances. Thus, the pressure is sensed by transducer 42 c on a moment-by-moment basis, being transmitted from the blood through the saline solution 94, and then the air 96, each found in a separate section of tubing 92, so that the air in transducer tube 43 c is compressed and the pressure is sensed by transducer 42 c. Thus, the dialysis system 44 c may exhibit pressure readouts, and may undergo emergency shutoff in the event of a large pressure fluctuation.
[0060] If desired, a collapsible pillow that optionally is completely filled with solution may provided to any of the branch lines of any of the disclosed embodiments, in addition to or as a substitute for chambers 34 a or 68, for example. The solution-air interfaces 56 a, c can optionally be located elsewhere.
[0061] Referring to FIG. 4, another embodiment of a tubular set and system for conveying blood and for permitting sensing of the pressure of the blood is provided. Tubular set 190 comprises an arterial set for use in hemodialysis, although the invention can be used with other sets of various types where blood is transported.
[0062] Arterial set 190 has a first set portion 192 which is upstream of peristaltic tubing 194 in the conventional direction of intended blood flow, being connected by connector 196 at one end of tubing 194. A second connector 198 connects to a downstream portion 199 of the set, including an enlarged, tubular drip or degassing chamber 100 of conventional design.
[0063] Set 190 has a pair of end connectors 102, 104 for respective connection to a patient's fistula set and to a dialyzer or other blood processing device. Peristaltic tubing 194 conventionally fits into a peristaltic pump or the like. Alternatively, other devices for the propulsion of blood through the set may be provided, and peristaltic tube 194 may be replaced with the appropriate component to interact with such a blood propulsion device.
[0064] Conventional tube clamps 108 may be provided to the set, as well as conventional branch tubings 110, 112, 114, which tubings may serve the purpose of connection with a heparin pump, a conventional electronic pressure sensor, and the like. Injection site 109 may also be provided.
[0065] In the specific set shown, while there may be a need for accurate, electronic pressure sensing downstream of pump tubing 194 during use of the set in a hemodialysis procedure, there often may be an added need to monitor the pressure in the tube portion 192 of the set which is upstream from pump tubing 194. This monitoring maybe performed in this embodiment of the invention by a nonelectronic pressure monitoring technique, making use of branch connection tubing 116, which connects upstream of peristaltic pump tubing 94, typically through branching connector 96, which, along with connector 198, may be of the conventional design shown, or another design such as that illustrated in Utterberg U.S. Pat. No. 5,360,395.
[0066] Branch connection tubing 116 connects with an enlarged diameter chamber 118, which may comprise a portion of the branch connection tubing. Chamber 118 further connects to added branch tubing 120, which extends through the top of chamber 118 to form a conventional drip chamber port 122, so that chamber 118 can function as a conventional drip chamber to monitor flow of aqueous solution such as normal saline into the system for priming and the like. A roller clamp 124, or other suitable design of clamp or valve, is provided to control flow through tubing 120. Tubing 120 terminates with a spike connector 126 at its outer end, which can connect to a solution bag 128 or other source of the solution used for priming and other purposes in hemodialysis procedures and the like.
[0067] In accordance with this invention, a hemodialysis system incorporating set 190 can be primed by opening roller clamp 124 so that saline or the like flows solution from source bag 128, through branch connection tube 116, into the set for priming of the system in the usual manner, or in the manner of Utterberg U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/954,804 if branch line 110, for example, is used as a priming drain line. As is conventional, a liquid level 130 is established in chamber 118, comprising a solution/air interface.
[0068] Then, after priming, roller clamp 124 may be closed to provide a sealed chamber 118 and a sealed air volume 132, for measuring pressure.
[0069] As hemodialysis proceeds, various internal pressures are encountered in upstream portion 192 of the set. These pressures are of course immediately transferred through branch line 116 to the interior of chamber 118, where the specific air volume 132 varies to reflect the pressures and the changes thereof in accordance with Boyle's Law. The indicia 134 on the side of chamber 118 (which chamber maybe relatively rigid) indicates the volume of air 132 in the chamber at any given moment by the position of solution-air interface 130. This of course, by Boyle's Law, gives an indication of the pressure presently within chamber 118 and upstream set portion 192, at least in relative terms, when compared with the liquid level 130 and the air volume 132 when pump tubing 194 is not being pumped and the pressure in the set is ambient. Differing pressures from ambient, either positive or negative, will be quantitatively reflected by either a rising or a falling of liquid level 130, as read with indicia 134.
[0070] Thus, the pressure conditions of upstream set portion 192 can be easily monitored in a non-electronic manner through the use of chamber 118, which does double duty by acting as the drip chamber for solution introduction when roller clamp 124 is open. This also means that the conventional pressure pillow which maybe found in upstream portions 192 of various hemodialysis sets can be eliminated, for a cost reduction of set manufacture.
[0071] A blood-saline interface 136 may form in a manner similar to previous embodiments. An interface-stabilizing flow restriction may be used as shown in PCT Publication WO 01/32256 and for the reasons discussed there.
[0072] In another modification, chamber 118 maybe a flexible-walled structure which maybe filled partially with solution to maintain liquid level 130, or may be filled completely with solution if desired, so that there is no liquid level in the chamber. Pressures may still be monitored with such a flexible walled chamber by observing the shape of the walls, particularly in a flexible walled but self-supporting chamber, in which such a chamber has a normal shape when pressure is ambient in the interior. When pressure becomes significantly negative, the walls of the chamber can bow inwardly in a manner that indicates the presence of reduced pressure and the magnitude of such reduced pressure. Similarly, distended walls in such a flexible-walled chamber can indicate the presence of a positive pressure and the magnitude thereof. In this circumstance the indicia 134 may or may not be present.
[0073] Thus, by the embodiment of FIG. 4, a tubular blood set and system is provided for conveying blood and for permitting sensing of the pressure of the blood in a non-electronic manner, making use of branch connection tubing 116. Branch connection tubing 116 maybe positioned at other locations on the set, and multiple branch connection tubes 116 may be used so that multiple, non-electronic pressure sensing sites in the set may be provided, if desired.
[0074] The above has been offered for illustrative purposes only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention of this application, which is as defined in the claims below.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|1 Dec 1998
|7 May 2002
|Dsu Medical Corporation
|Dialysis pressure monitoring with clot suppression
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|4 Feb 2004
|5 Jun 2007
|Nxstage Medical, Inc.
|Fluid processing apparatus
|1 May 2007
|15 Sep 2009
|Nxstage Medical, Inc.
|Systems and methods for handling air and/or flushing fluids in a fluid circuit
|11 Feb 2005
|10 Aug 2010
|Gambro Lundia Ab
|Pressure sensing
|24 Jul 2009
|7 Sep 2010
|Nxstage Medical, Inc.
|Systems and methods for handling air and/or flushing fluids in a fluid circuit
|6 Mar 2007
|22 Feb 2011
|Baxter International Inc.
|Transducer protector
|15 May 2006
|24 May 2011
|Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland Gmbh
|Method for the air bubble-free filing of the blood-containing end of a hemodialyzer with a physiological electrolyte solution
|11 Feb 2005
|25 Aug 2005
|Gambro Lundia Ab
|Pressure sensing
|15 May 2006
|23 Nov 2006
|Fresenius Medical Care De Gmbh
|Method for the air bubble-free filling of the blood-containing end of a hemodialyzer with a physiological electrolyte solution
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|25 Apr 2007
Owner name: DSU MEDICAL CORPORATION, NEVADA
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text:
Slugging first baseman Chris Colabello among Twins' latest roster cuts
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The Minnesota Twins trimmed seven more players off the spring training roster on Sunday morning, including slugging first baseman Chris Colabello.
Catcher Eric Fryer, third baseman Mark Sobolewski, outfielders Brian Dinkelman and Clete Thomas and pitchers Deolis Guerra and Shairon Martis were also reassigned to minor league camp.
Colabello, 29, made quite the impression this spring, reaching base seven times in 17 plate appearances, including two doubles and three RBIs. He also led team Italy in the World Baseball Classic with two home runs and seven RBIs.
After spending seven seasons in the Canadian-American Association Independent League, Colabello signed with the Twins last season and hit .284/.358/.478 with 19 home runs and 98 RBIs for Double-A New Britain.
It's likely he will start this season at Triple-A Rochester.
Guerra will likely miss several months due to a blood clot in his right shoulder.
The Twins still have 42 players on the spring roster, including 22 pitchers.