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|Número de publicación
|Tipo de publicación
|Número de solicitud
|Fecha de publicación
|4 Mar 2004
|Fecha de presentación
|3 Sep 2002
|Fecha de prioridad
|3 Sep 2002
|Número de publicación
|Sriram Vangal, Yatin Hoskote, Nitin Borkar, Jianping Xu, Vasantha Erranguntla, Shekhar Borkar
|Cesionario original
|Vangal Sriram R., Yatin Hoskote, Borkar Nitin Y., Jianping Xu, Erranguntla Vasantha K., Borkar Shekhar Y.
|Exportar cita
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citas de patentes (5), Citada por (21), Clasificaciones (9), Eventos legales (1)
|Enlaces externos: USPTO, Cesión de USPTO, Espacenet
[0001] This application relates to the following co-pending applications: "NETWORK PROTOCOL ENGINE", attorney docket 42. P14732; and "PACKET-BASED CLOCK SIGNAL", attorney docket 42.P14951. These applications were filed on the same day as the present application and name the same inventors.
[0002] This application includes an appendix, Appendix A, of micro-code instructions. The authors retain applicable copyright rights in this material.
[0003] Networks enable computers and other electronic devices to exchange data such as e-mail messages, web pages, audio data, video data, and so forth. Before transmission across a network, data is typically distributed across a collection of packets. A receiver can reassemble the data back into its original form after receiving the packets.
[0004] In addition to the data ("payload") being sent, a packet also includes "header" information. A network protocol can define the information stored in the header, the packet's structure, and how processes should handle the packet.
[0005] Different network protocols handle different aspects of network communication. Many network communication models organize these protocols into different layers. For example, models such as the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) model and the Open Software Institute (OSI) model define a "physical layer" that handles bit-level transmission over physical media; a "link layer" that handles the low-level details of providing reliable data communication over physical connections; a "network layer", such as the Internet Protocol, that can handle tasks involved in finding a path through a network that connects a source and destination; and a "transport layer" that can coordinate communication between source and destination devices while insulating "application layer" programs from the complexity of network communication.
[0006] A different network communication model, the Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) model, is used in ATM networks. The ATM model also defines a physical layer, but defines ATM and ATM Adaption Layer (AAL) layers in place of the network, transport, and application layers of the TCP/IP and OSI models.
[0007] Generally, to send data over the network, different headers are generated for the different communication layers. For example, in TCP/IP, a transport layer process generates a transport layer packet (sometimes referred to as a "segment") by adding a transport layer header to a set of data provided by an application; a network layer process then generates a network layer packet (e.g., an IP packet) by adding a network layer header to the transport layer packet; a link layer process then generates a link layer packet (also known as a "frame") by adding a link layer header to the network packet; and so on. This process is known as encapsulation. By analogy, the process of encapsulation is much like stuffing a series of envelopes inside one another.
[0008] After the packet(s) travel across the network, the receiver can de-encapsulate the packet(s) (e.g,. "unstuff" the envelopes). For example, the receiver's link layer process can verify the received frame and pass the enclosed network layer packet to the network layer process. The network layer process can use the network header to verify proper delivery of the packet and pass the enclosed transport segment to the transport layer process. Finally, the transport layer process can process the transport packet based on the transport header and pass the resulting data to an application.
[0009] As described above, both senders and receivers have quite a bit of processing to do to handle packets. Additionally, network connection speeds continue to increase rapidly. For example, network connections capable of carrying 10-gigabits per second and faster may soon become commonplace. This increase in network connection speeds imposes an important design issue for devices offering such connections. That is, at such speeds, a device may easily become overwhelmed with a deluge of network traffic.
[0010] FIGS. 1-5 illustrate operation of a scheme to track out-of-order packets.
[0011]FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a process to track out-of-order packets.
[0012] FIGS. 7-8 are schematics of a system to track out-of-order packets that includes content-addressable memory.
[0013]FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a network protocol engine.
[0014]FIG. 10 is a schematic of a network protocol engine.
[0015]FIG. 11 is a schematic of a processor of a network protocol engine.
[0016]FIG. 12 is a chart of an instruction set for programming network protocol operations.
[0017]FIG. 13 is a diagram of a TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) state machine.
[0018]FIG. 14 is a diagram of a network protocol engine featuring different clock frequencies.
[0019]FIG. 15 is a diagram of a network protocol engine featuring different variable clock frequencies.
[0020]FIG. 16 is a diagram of a mechanism for providing a clock signal based on packet characteristics.
[0021] As described above, data is often divided into individual packets before transmission across a network. Oftentimes, the individual packets take very different paths across a network before reaching their destination. For this and other reasons, many network protocols do not assume that packets will arrive in the correct order. Thus, many systems buffer out-of-order packets until the in-order packets arrive.
[0022] FIGS. 1-5 illustrate operation of a scheme that tracks packets received out-of-order. The scheme permits quick "on-the-fly" ordering of packets without employing a traditional sorting algorithm. The implementation shown uses content-addressable memory (CAM) to track out-of-order packets. A CAM can quickly retrieve stored data based on content values much in the way a database can retrieve records based on a key. However, other implementations may use addressed-based memory other data storage techniques.
[0023] Briefly, when a packet arrives, the system 100 determines whether the received packet is in-order. If not, the system 100 consults the memory 110, 112 to identify a chain of contiguous out-of-order packets previously received by the system 100 that border the newly arrived packet. If a bordering chain is found, the system 100 can modify the data stored in the memory 110, 112 to add the packet to the top or bottom of a preexisting chain of out-of-order packets. When an in-order packet finally arrives, the system 100 can access the memory 110, 112 to quickly identify a chain of contiguous packets that follow the in-order packet.
[0024] For the purposes of illustration, FIGS. 1-5 describe a scheme that tracks TCP packets. However, the approach shown has applicability to a wide variety of packets such as numbered packets (e.g., protocol data unit fragments) and so forth. Thus, while the description below discusses storage of TCP sequence numbers, an embodiment for numbered packets can instead store the packet numbers (e.g., a chain will start with the first packet number instead of the first sequence number).
[0025] Briefly, TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) uses a scheme where each individual byte is assigned a sequence number. A TCP packet (or "segment") header will include identification of the starting sequence number of the packet. Thus, a receiver can keep track of the next sequence number expected and await a packet including this sequence number. Out-of-order packets featuring sequence numbers other than the expected sequence number may be stored until the intervening sequence numbers arrive
[0026] As shown in FIG. 1, a protocol 104 (e.g., TCP) divides a set of data 102 into a collection of packets 106 a-106 d for transmission over a network 108. In the example shown, the 15-bytes of the original data 102 are distributed across the packets 106 a-106 d. For example, packet 106 d includes bytes assigned sequence numbers "1" to "3".
[0027] As shown, a device 100 includes content-addressable memory 110, 112 that stores information about received, out-of-order packets. In this implementation, the content-addressable memory 110 stores the first sequence number of a contiguous chain of one or more out-of-order packets and the length of the chain. Thus, when a new packet arrives that ends where the pre-existing chain begins (e.g., the first sequence number of the chain follows the last sequence number of the packet), the packet can be added to the top of the pre-existing chain. Similarly, the content-addressable memory 112 also stores the end (the last sequence number+1) of a contiguous packet and the length of the chain. Thus, when a new packet arrives that begins at the end of a previously existing chain (e.g., the first sequence number of the new packet follows the last sequence number of the chain), the new packet can be appended to the end of the previously existing chain to form an even larger chain of contiguous packets. To illustrate these operations, FIGS. 2-5 depict a sample series of operations that occur as the packets 106 a-106 d arrive.
[0028] As shown in FIG. 2, packet 106 b arrives carrying bytes with sequence numbers "8" through "12". Assuming the device 100 currently awaits sequence number "1", packet 106 b has arrived out-of-order. Thus, as shown, the device 100 tracks the out-of-order packet 106 b by modifying data stored in its content-addressable memory 110, 112. The packet 106 b does not border a previously received packet chain as no chain yet exists in this example. Thus, the device 100 stores the starting sequence number "8" and the number of bytes in the packet "4". The device 100 also stores identification of the end of the packet. In the example shown, the device 100 stores the ending boundary by adding one to the last sequence number of the received packet (e.g., 12+1=13). In addition to modifying or adding entries in the content-addressable memory 110, 112, the device 100 can store the packet or a reference (e.g., a pointer) to the packet 111 b to reflect the relative order of the packet. This permits fast retrieval of the packets when finally sent to an application.
[0029] As shown in FIG. 3, the device 100 next receives packet 106 a carrying bytes "13" through "15". Again, the device 100 still awaits sequence number "1". Thus, packet 106 a has also arrived out-of-order. The device 100 examines memory 110, 112 to determine whether the received packet 106 a borders any previously stored packet chains. In this case, the newly arrived packet 106 a does not end where a previous chain begins, but does begin where a previous chain ends. In other words, the packet 106 a borders the "bottom" of packet 106 b. As shown, the device 100 can merge the packet 106 a into the pre-existing chain in the content-addressable memory data by increasing the length of the chain and modifying its first and last sequence number data accordingly. Thus, the first sequence number of the new chain remains "8" though the length is increased from "4" to "7", while the end sequence number of the chain is increased from "13" to "16" to reflect the bytes of the newly received packet 106 a. The device 100 also stores the new packet 111 a or a reference to the new packet to reflect the relative ordering of the packet.
[0030] As shown in FIG. 4, the device 100 next receives packet 106 c carrying bytes "4" to "7". Since this packet 106 c does not include the next expected sequence number, "1", the device 100 repeats the process outlined above. That is, the device 100 determines that the newly received packet 106 c fits "atop" the packet chain spanning packets 106 b, 106 a. Thus, the device 100 modifies the data stored in the content-addressable memory 110, 112 to include a new starting sequence number for the chain, "4", and a new length data for the chain, "11". The device 100 again stores the packet 111 c data or a reference to the data to reflect the packet's relative ordering within the sequence.
[0031] As shown in FIG. 5, the device 100 finally receives packet 106 d that includes the next expected sequence number, "1". The device 100 can immediately transfer this packet 106 d to an application. The device 100 can also examine its content-addressable memory 110 to see if other packet chains can also be sent to the application. In this case, the received packet 106 d borders a packet chain that already spans packets 106 a-106 c. Thus, the device 100 can immediately forward the data of the chained packets 106 a-106 c to the application in the correct order.
[0032] The sample series shown in FIGS. 1-5 highlights several aspects of the scheme. First, the scheme may prevent out-of-order packets from being dropped and being retransmitted by the sender. This can improve overall throughput. The scheme also uses very few content-addressable memory operations 110, 112 to handle out-of-order packets, saving both time and power. Further, when a packet arrives in the correct order, a single content-addressable memory operation can identify a series of contiguous packets that can also be sent to the application.
[0033]FIG. 6 depicts a flowchart of a process 120 for implementing the scheme illustrated above. As shown, after receiving 122 a packet, the process 120 determines 124 whether the packet is in order (e.g., whether the packet includes the next expected sequence number). If not, the process 120 determines 132 whether the end of the received packet borders the start of an existing packet chain. If so, the process 120 can modify 134 the data stored in content-addressable memory to reflect the larger, merged packet chain starting at the received packet and ending at the end of the previously existing packet chain. The process 120 also determines 136 whether the start of the received packet borders the end of an existing packet chain. If so, the process 120 can modify 138 the data stored in content-addressable memory to reflect the larger, merged packet chain ending with the received packet.
[0034] Potentially, the received packet may border pre-existing packet chains on both sides. In other words, the newly received packet fills a hole between two chains. Since the process 120 checks both starting 132 and ending 136 borders of the received packet, a newly received packet may cause the process 120 to join two different chains together into a single monolithic chain.
[0035] As shown, if the received packet does not border a packet chain, the process 120 stores 140 data in content-addressable memory for a new packet chain that, at least initially, includes only the received packet.
[0036] If the received packet is in order, the process 120 can query 126 the content-addressable memory to identify a bordering packet chain following the received packet. If such a chain exists, the process 120 can output the newly received packet to an application along with the data of other packets in the adjoining packet chain.
[0037] This process 120 may be implemented using a wide variety of hardware, firmware, and/or software. For example, FIGS. 7 and 8 depict a hardware implementation of the scheme described above. As shown in these figures, the implementation features two content-addressable memories 160, 162—one 160 stores the first sequence number of an out-of-order packet chain as the key and the other 162 stores the last+1 sequence number of the chain as the key. As shown, both CAMs 160, 162 also store the length of the chains. Other implementations may use a single CAM or other data storage mechanism.
[0038] Potentially, the same CAM(s) 160, 162 can be used to track packets of many different connections. In such cases, a connection ID may be appended to each CAM entry as part of the key to distinguish entries for different connections. The merging of packet information in the CAM permits the handling of more connections with smaller CAMs.
[0039] As shown in FIG. 7, the implementation includes registers that store a starting sequence number 150, ending sequence number 152, and a data length 154. Another system can access registers 150, 152, 154 to communicate with the packet re-ordering components.
[0040] As shown, the implementation operates on control signals for reading from the CAM(s) 160, 162 (CAMREAD), writing to the CAMs 160, 162 (CAMWRITE), and clearing a CAM 160, 162 entry (CAMCLR). As shown in FIG. 7, the hardware may be configured to simultaneously write register values to both CAMs 160, 162 when the registers 150, 152, 154 are loaded with data. As shown in FIG. 8, for "hits" for a given start or end sequence number, the circuitry sets the "seglen" register to the length of a matching CAM entry. Similar, circuitry (not shown) may also set the values of the "seqfirst" 150 and "seqlast" 152 registers after a successful CAM 160, 162 read operation. The circuitry may also provide a "CamIndex" signal that identifies a particular "hit" entry in the CAM(s) 160, 162.
[0041] The re-ordering system 100 may feature additional circuitry (not shown) for implementing the process described above. For example, the system 100 may feature its own independent controller that executes instructions implementing the reordering scheme or other digital logic. Alternately, the system 100 may receive control signals from an external processor.
[0042] The tracking system described above may be used by a wide variety of systems. For example, referring to FIG. 9, the system may be used by or integrated into a network protocol off-load engine 206. Briefly, much in the way a math co-processor can help a Central Processing Unit (CPU) with different computations, an off-load engine 206 can at least partially reduce the burden of network communication often place on a host by performing different network protocol operations. For example, an engine 206 can be configured to perform operations for transport layer protocols (e.g., TCP and User Datagram Protocol (UDP)), network layer protocols (e.g., IP), and application layer protocols (e.g., sockets programming). Similarly, in ATM networks, an engine 206 can be configured to provide ATM layer or AAL layer operations. an engine 206 can also be configured to provide other protocol operations such as those associated with ICMP.
[0043] In addition to conserving host processor resources by handling protocol operations, the engine 206 may provide "wire-speed" processing, even for very fast connections including 10-gigabit per second connections and 40-gigabit per second connections. In other words, the system 206 may, generally, complete processing of one packet before another arrives. By keeping pace with a high-speed connection, the engine 206 can potentially avoid or reduce the cost and complexity associated with queuing large volumes of backlogged packets.
[0044] The sample system 206 shown includes an interface 208 for receiving data traveling between one or more hosts and a network 202. For out-going data, the system 206 interface 208 receives data from the host(s) and generates packets for network transmission, for example, via a PHY and medium access control (MAC) device (not shown) offering a network connection (e.g., an Ethernet or wireless connection). For received packets (e.g., received via the PHY and MAC), the system 206 interface 208 can deliver the results of packet processing to the host(s). For example, the system 206 may communicate with a host via a Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) or Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) type bus (e.g., a PCI-X bus system).
[0045] In addition to the interface 208, the engine 206 also includes processing logic 210 that implements protocol operations. Like the interface 208, the logic 210 may be designed using a wide variety of techniques. For example, the engine 206 may be designed as a hard-wired ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), a FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), and/or as another combination of digital logic gates.
[0046] As shown, the digital logic 210 may also be implemented by a processor 222 (e.g., a micro-controller or micro-processor) and storage 226 (e.g., ROM (Read-Only Memory) or RAM (Random Access Memory)) for instructions that the processor 222 can execute to perform network protocol operations. The instruction-based engine 206 offers a high degree of flexibility. For example, as a network protocol undergoes changes or is replaced, the engine 206 can be updated by replacing the instructions instead of replacing the system 206 itself. For example, a host may update the system 206 by loading instructions into storage 226 from external FLASH memory or ROM on the motherboard, for instance, when the host boots.
[0047]FIG. 10 depicts a sample implementation of a system 206. As an overview, in this implementation, the system 206 stores context data for different connections in a memory 212. For example, for the TCP protocol, this data is known as TCB (Transmission Control Block) data. For a given packet, the system 206 looks-up the corresponding context 212 and makes this data available to the processor 222, in this example, via a working register 218. Using the context data, the processor 222 executes an appropriate set of protocol implementation instructions 226. Context data, potentially modified by the processor 222, is then returned to the context data memory 212.
[0048] In greater detail, the system 206 shown includes an input sequencer 216 that parses a received packet's header(s) (e.g., the TCP and IP headers of a TCP/IP packet) and temporarily buffers the parsed data. The input sequencer 216 may also initiate storage of the packet's payload in host accessible memory (e.g., via DMA (Direct Memory Access)).
[0049] As described above, the system 206 stores context data 212 of different network connections. To quickly retrieve context data 212 for a given packet, the system 206 depicted includes a content-addressable memory 214 (CAM) that stores different connection identifiers (e.g., index numbers) for different connections as identified, for example, by a combination of a packet's IP source and destination addresses and source and destination ports. Thus, based on the packet data parsed by the input sequencer 216, the CAM 214 can quickly retrieve a connection identifier and feed this identifier to the context data 212 memory. In turn, the connection data 212 corresponding to the identifier is transferred to the working register 218 for use by the processor 222.
[0050] In the case that a packet represents the start of a new connection (e.g., a CAM 214 search for a connection fails), the working register 218 is initialized (e.g., set to the "LISTEN" state in TCP) and CAM 214 and a context data 212 entries are allocated for the connection, for example, using a LRU (Least Recently Used) algorithm or other allocation scheme.
[0051] The number of data lines connecting different components of the system 206 may be chosen to permit data transfer between connected components 212-228 in a single clock cycle. For example, if the context data for a connection includes n-bits of data, the system 206 may be designed such that the connection data memory 212 may offer n-lines of data to the working register 218.
[0052] Thus, the sample implementation shown uses at most three processing cycles to load the working register 218 with connection data: one cycle to query the CAM 214; one cycle to access the connection data 212; and one cycle to load the working register 218. This design can both conserve processing time and economize on power-consuming access to the memory structures 212, 214.
[0053] After retrieval of connection data for a packet, the system 206 can perform protocol operations for the packet, for example, by processor 222 execution of protocol implementation instructions stored in memory 226. The processor 222 may be programmed to "idle" when not in use to conserve power. After receiving a "wake" signal (e.g., issued by the input sequencer 216 when the connection context is retrieved or being retrieved), the processor 222 may determine the state of the current connection and identify the starting address of instructions for handling this state. The processor 222 then executes the instructions beginning at the starting address. Depending on the instructions, the processor 222 can alter context data (e.g., by altering working register 218), assemble a message in a send buffer 228 for subsequent network transmission, and/or may make processed packet data available to the host (not shown).
[0054]FIG. 11 depicts the processor 222 in greater detail. As shown, the processor 222 may include an ALU (arithmetic logic unit) 232 that decodes and executes micro-code instructions loaded into an instruction register 234. The instructions 226 may be loaded 236 into the instruction register 234 from memory 226 in sequential succession with exceptions for branching instructions and start address initialization. The instructions may specify access (e.g., read or write access) to a receive buffer 230 that stores the parsed packet data, the working register 218, the send buffer 228, and/or host memory (not shown). The instructions may also specify access to scratch memory, miscellaneous registers (e.g., registers dubbed RO, cond, and statusok), shift registers, and so forth (not shown). For programming convenience, the different fields of the send buffer 228 and working register 226 may be assigned labels for use in the instructions. Additionally, various constants may be defined, for example, for different connection states. For example, "LOAD TCB[state], LISTEN" instructs the processor 222 to change the state of the context state stored in the working register 218 to the "LISTEN" state.
[0055]FIG. 12 depicts an example of a micro-code instruction set that can be used to program the processor to perform protocol operations. As shown, the instruction set includes operations that move data within the system (e.g., LOAD and MOV), perform mathematic and Boolean operations (e.g., AND, OR, NOT, ADD, SUB), compare data (e.g., CMP and EQUAL), manipulate data (e.g., SHL (shift left)), and provide branching within a program (e.g., BREQZ (conditionally branch if the result of previous operation equals zero), BRNEQZ (conditionally branch if result of previous operation does not equal zero), and JMP (unconditionally jump)).
[0056] The instruction set also includes operations specifically tailored for use in implementing protocol operations with system 206 resources. These instructions include operations for clearing the context CAM 214 of an entry for a connection (e.g., CAM1CLR) saving context data (e.g., TCBWR). Other implementations may also include instructions that read and write identifier information to the CAM storing data associated with a connection (e.g., CAM1READ key→index) and CAM1WRITE key→index) and an instruction that reads the connection data 112 (e.g., TCBRD index→destination). Alternately, these instructions may be implemented as hard-wired digital logic.
[0057] The instruction set may also include instructions for operating the out-of-order tracking system 100. For example, Such instructions may include instructions to write data to the system 100 CAM(s) 160, 162 (e.g., CAM2FirstWR key→data for CAM 160 and CAM2LastWR key→data for CAM 162); instructions to read data from the CAM(s) (e.g., CAM2FirstRD key→data and CAM2LastRD key→data); instructions to clear CAM 160, 162 entries (e.g., CAM2CLR index), and/or instructions to generate a condition value if a lookup failed (e.g., CAM2EMPTY→cond).
[0058] Though potentially lacking many instructions offered by traditional general purpose CPUs (e.g., processor 222 may not feature floating-point operations), the instruction set provides developers with easy access to system 206 resources tailored for network protocol implementation. A programmer may directly program protocol operations using the micro-code instructions. Alternately, the programmer may use a wide variety of code development tools (e.g., a compiler or assembler).
[0059] As described above, the system 206 instructions implement operations for a wide variety of network protocols. For example, the system 206 may implement operations for a transport layer protocol such as TCP. A complete specification of TCP and optional extensions can be found in RFCs (Request for Comments) 793, 1122, and 1323.
[0060] Briefly, TCP provides connection-oriented services to applications. That is, much like picking up a telephone and assuming the phone company will make everything work, TCP provides applications with simple primitives for establishing a connection (e.g., CONNECT and CLOSE) and transferring data (e.g., SEND and RECEIVE). TCP transparently handles communication issues such as data retransmission, congestion, and flow control.
[0061] As described above, TCP operates on packets known as segments. A TCP segment includes a TCP header followed by one or more data bytes. A receiver can reassemble the data from received segments. Segments may not arrive at their destination in their proper order, if at all. For example, different segments may travel very paths across the network, Thus, TCP assigns a sequence number to each data byte transmitted. Since every byte is sequenced, each byte can be acknowledged to confirm successful transmission. The acknowledgment mechanism is cumulative so that an acknowledgment of a particular sequence number indicates that bytes up to that sequence number have been successfully delivered.
[0062] The sequencing scheme provides TCP with a powerful tool for managing connections. For example, TCP can determine when a sender should retransmit a segment using a technique known as a "sliding window". In the "sliding window" scheme, a sender starts a timer after transmitting a segment. Upon receipt, the receiver sends back an acknowledgment segment having an acknowledgement number equal to the next sequence number the receiver expects to receive. If the sender's timer expires before the acknowledgment of the transmitted bytes arrives, the sender transmits the segment again. The sequencing scheme also enables senders and receivers to dynamically negotiate a window size that regulates the amount of data sent to the receiver based on network performance and the capabilities of the sender and receiver.
[0063] In addition to sequencing information, a TCP header includes a collection of flags that enable a sender and receiver to control a connection. These flags include a SYN (synchronize) bit, an ACK (acknowledgement) bit, a FIN (finish) bit, a RST (reset) bit. A message including a SYN bit of "1" and an ACK bit of "0" (a SYN message) represents a request for a connection. A reply message including a SYN bit "1" and an ACK bit of "1" (a SYN+ACK message) represents acceptance of the request. A message including a FIN bit of "1" indicates that the sender seeks to release the connection. Finally, a message with a RST bit of "1" identifies a connection that should be terminated due to problems (e.g., an invalid segment or connection request rejection).
[0064]FIG. 13 depicts a state diagram representing different stages in the establishment and release of a TCP connection. The diagram depicts different states 240-260 and transitions (depicted as arrowed lines) between the states 240-260. The transitions are labeled with corresponding event/action designations that identify an event and response required to move to a subsequent state 240-260. For example, after receiving a SYN message and responding with a SYN+ACK message, a connection moves from the LISTEN state 242 to the SYN RCVD state 244.
[0065] In the state diagram of FIG. 13, the typical path for a sender (a TCP entity requesting a connection) is shown with solid transitions while the typical paths for a receiver is shown with dotted line transitions. To illustrate operation of the state machine, a receiver typically begins in the CLOSED state 240 that indicates no connection is currently active or pending. After moving to the LISTEN 242 state to await a connection request, the receiver will receive a SYN message requesting a connection and will acknowledge the SYN message with a SYN+ACK message and enter the SYN RCVD state 244. After receiving acknowledgement of the SYN+ACK message, the connection enters an ESTABLISHED state 248 that corresponds to normal on-going data transfer. The ESTABLISHED state 148 may continue for some time. Eventually, assuming no reset message arrives and no errors occur, the server will receive and acknowledge a FIN message and enter the CLOSE WAIT state 250. After issuing its own FIN and entering the LAST 25 ACK state 260, the server will receive acknowledgment of its FIN and finally return to the original CLOSED 240 state.
[0066] Again, the state diagram also manages the state of a TCP sender. The sender and receiver paths share many of the same states described above. However, the sender may also enter a SYN SENT state 246 after requesting a connection, a FIN WAIT 1 state 252 after requesting release of a connection, a FIN WAIT 2 state 256 after receiving an agreement from the server to release a connection, a CLOSING state 254 where both client and server request release simultaneously, and a TIMED WAIT state 258 where previously transmitted connection segments expire.
[0067] The engine's 206 protocol instructions may implement many, if not all, of the TCP operations described above and in the RFCs. For example, the instructions may include procedures for option processing, window management, flow control, congestion control, ACK message generation and validation, data segmentation, special flag processing (e.g., setting and reading URGENT and PUSH flags), checksum computation, and so forth. The protocol instructions may also include other operations related to TCP such as security support, random number generation, RDMA (Remote Direct Memory Access) over TCP, and so forth.
[0068] In an engine 206 configured to provide TCP operations, the connection data may include 264-bits of information including: 32-bits each for PUSH (identified by the micro-code label "TCB[pushseq]"), FIN ("TCB[finseq]"), and URGENT ("TCB[rupseq]") sequence numbers, a next expected segment number ("TCB[rnext]"), a sequence number for the currently advertised window ("TCB[cwin]"), a sequence number of the last unacknowledged sequence number ("TCB[suna]"), and a sequence number for the next segment to be next ("TCB[snext]"). The remaining bits store various TCB state flags ("TCB[flags]"), TCP segment code ("TCB[code]"), state ("TCB[tcbstate]"), and error flags ("TCB[error]"),
[0069] To illustrate programming for a TCP configured off-load engine 206, Appendix A features an example of source micro-code for a TCP receiver. Briefly, the routine TCPRST checks the TCP ACK bit, initializes the send buffer, and initializes the send message ACK number. The routine TCPACKIN processes incoming ACK messages and checks if the ACK is invalid or a duplicate. TCPACKOUT generates ACK messages in response to an incoming message based on received and expected sequence numbers. TCPSEQ determines the first and last sequence number of incoming data, computes the size of incoming data, and checks if the incoming sequence number is valid and lies within a receiving window. TCPINITCB initializes TCB fields in the working register. TCPINITWIN initializes the working register with window information. TCPSENDWIN computes the window length for inclusion in a send message. Finally, TCBDATAPROC checks incoming flags, processes "urgent", "push" and "finish" flags, sets flags in response messages, and forwards data to an application or user
[0070] Referring to FIG. 14, potentially, components of the interface 208 and processing 210 logic components may be clocked at the same frequency. A clock signal essentially determines how fast components in a logic network will operate. Unfortunately, due to the fact that many instructions may be executed for a given packet, to operate at wire-speed, the engine 206 might be clocked at a very fast rate far exceeding the rate needed to keep pace with the connection. Running the entire engine 206 at a single very fast clock can both consume a tremendous amount of power and generate high temperatures that may affect the behavior of heat-sensitive silicon.
[0071] Instead, as shown in FIG. 14, components in the interface 208 and processing 210 logic may be clocked at different rates. As an example, the interface 208 components may be clocked at a rate, "1×", corresponding to the speed of the network connection. Since the processing logic 210 may be programmed to execute a number of instructions to perform appropriate network protocol operations for a given packet, the processing logic 210 components, including the ordering system 100, may be clocked at a faster rate than the interface 208. For example, the processing logic 210 may be clocked at some multiple "k" of the interface 208 clock frequency where "k" is sufficiently high to provide enough time for the processor to finish executing instructions for the packet without falling behind wire speed. Systems 106 using the "multiple-clock" approach may feature devices known as "synchronizers" (not shown) that permit differently clocked components to communicate.
[0072] As an example, for an engine 206 having an interface 208 data width of 16-bits, to achieve 10-gigabits per second, the interface 208 should be clocked at a frequency of 625-MHz (e.g., [16-bits per cycle]×[625,000,000 cycles per second]=10,000,000,000 bits per second). Assuming a smallest packet of 64 bytes (e.g., a packet only having IP and TCP headers, frame check sequence, and hardware source and destination addresses), it would take the 16-bit/625 MHz interface 108 32-cycles to receive the packet bits. Potentially, an inter-packet gap may provide additional time before the next packet arrives. If a set of up to n instructions is used to process the packet and a different instruction can be executed each cycle, the processing block 110 may be clocked at a frequency of k·(625 MHz) where k=n-instructions/32-cycles. For implementation convenience, the value of k may be rounded up to an integer value or a value of 2n though neither of these is a strict requirement.
[0073] Since a faster clock generally requires greater power and generates more heat than a slower clock, clocking the different components 208, 210 at different speeds according to their need can enable the engine 206 to save power and stay cooler. This can both reduce the power requirements of the engine 206 and can reduce the need for expensive cooling systems.
[0074] Power consumption and heat generation can be reduced even further than the system shown in FIG. 14. That is, the engine 206 depicted in FIG. 14 featured system 206 logic components clocked at different, fixed rates determined by "worst-case" scenarios to ensure that the processing block 210 keeps pace with wire-speed. As such, the smallest packets constrained processing logic 210 clock speed. In practice, however, most packets, nearly 95%, feature larger packet sizes and afford the system 106 more time for processing.
[0075] Thus, instead of permanently tailoring the engine 206 to handle difficult scenarios, FIG. 15 depicts a system 206 that provides a clock signal to processing logic 210 components at frequencies that dynamically vary based on one or more packet characteristics. For example, a system 206 may use data identifying a packet's size (e.g., the length field in the IP datagram header) to scale the clock frequency. For instance, for a bigger packet, the processor 222 has more time to process the packet before arrival of the next packet, thus, the frequency could be lowered without falling behind wire-speed. Likewise, for a smaller packet, the frequency may be increased. Adaptively scaling the clock frequency "on the fly" for different incoming packets can reduce power by reducing operational frequency when processing larger packets. This can, in turn, result in a cooler running system that may avoid the creation of silicon "hot spots" and/or expensive cooling systems.
[0076] As shown in FIG. 15, scaling logic 224 receives packet data and correspondingly adjusts the frequency provided to the processing logic 210. While discussed above as operating on the packet size, a wide variety of other metrics may be used to adjust the frequency such as payload size, quality of service (e.g., a higher priority packet may receive a higher frequency), protocol type, and so forth. Additionally, instead of the characteristics of a single packet, aggregate characteristics may be used to adjust the clock rate (e.g., average size of packets received). To save additional power, the clock may be temporarily disabled when the network is idle.
[0077] The scaling logic 224 may be implemented in wide variety of hardware and/or software schemes. For example, FIG. 16 depicts a hardware scheme that uses dividers 270 a-270 c to offer a range of available frequencies (e.g., 32×, 16×, 8×, and 4×). The different frequency signals are fed into a multiplexer 410 selection based on packet characteristics. For example, a selector 272 may feature a magnitude comparator that compares packet size to different pre-computed thresholds. For example, a comparator may use different frequencies for packets up to 64 bytes in size (32×), between 64 and 88 bytes (16×), between 88 and 126 bytes (8×), and 126 to 236 bytes (4×). These thresholds may be determined such that the processing logic clock frequency satisfies the following equation:
[0078] While FIG. 16 illustrates four different possible clock signals to output, other implementations may feature n-clocking signals. Additionally, the relationship between the different frequencies need not be uniformly fractional as shown in FIG. 16
[0079] The resulting clock signal can be routed to different components within the processing logic 210. Not all components within the processing logic 210 and interface 208 blocks need to run at the same clock frequency. For example, in FIG. 2, while the input sequencer 216 receives a "1×" clock signal and the processor 222 receives a "k×" clock signal", the connection data memory 212 and CAM 214 may receive the "1×" or the "k×" clock signal, depending on the implementation.
[0080] Placing the scaling logic 224 physically near a frequency source can reduce power consumption. Further, adjusting the clock at a global clock distribution point both saves power and reduces logic need to provide power distribution.
[0081] Again, a wide variety of implementations may use one or more of the techniques described above. Additionally, the tracking scheme may appear in a variety of forms. For example, the tracking scheme may be included within a single chip, a chipset, or on a motherboard. Further, the technique may be integrated into other components such as a network adaptor, NIC (Network Interface Card), or MAC (medium access device). Potentially, the techniques described herein may integrated into a micro-processor.
[0082] Aspects of techniques described herein may be implemented using a wide variety of hardware and/or software configurations. For example, aspects of the techniques may be implemented in computer programs. Such programs may be stored on computer readable media and include instructions for programming a processor.
[0083] Other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims.
|Patente citada
|Fecha de presentación
|Fecha de publicación
|4 May 1936
|28 Mar 1939
|American Box Board Co
|Título no disponible
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|Patente citante
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|29 May 2007
|Broadcom Corporation
|System and method for fault tolerant TCP offload
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|Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba
|Data processing apparatus and data transfer control method
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|30 Jun 2009
|Francis Tieu
|TCP retransmission and exception processing in high speed, low memory hardware devices
|20 Dic 2006
|13 Abr 2010
|Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ)
|Quality of service (QoS) class reordering with token retention
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|Counter based quality of service (QoS) class upgrade
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|Broadcom Corporation
|System and method for fault tolerant TCP offload
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|Clasificación de EE.UU.
|Clasificación internacional
|Clasificación cooperativa
|Clasificación europea
|29 Oct 2002
Owner name: INTEL CORPORATION, CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:VANGAL, SRIRAM R.;HOSKOTE, YATIN;BORKAR, NITIN Y.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:013426/0677
Effective date: 20021016


text:
Hi all,
I'm looking at starting a new coffee/tea bar and I could really do with your help! I want to focus on a large variety of high quality tea, instead of focussing on coffees, like most other places do. Having said that, I love coffee too and will also be serving the usual americano, cappuccino etc.
Tea is the second most popular drink (after water) in terms of amount consumed per day, yet costa and starbucks etc serve much more coffee than tea. What I would like to know is what would make you buy a tea (or derivative of tea) drink, or what's wrong with tea?

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Larry Bush: 'Capital' ideas on Jupiter's golf perspective
If, as we have been led to believe for the past four or five decades, that Palm Beach County is the Golf Capital of the World, then the White (club) House must be in Jupiter.
That is, if you want to take to heart the leaderboard at the recent Palm Beach Kennel Club/County Amateur Championship at Jupiter's Old Trail and BallenIsles in Palm Beach Gardens..
The winner, Austin Powell at 207, lives in Jupiter.
Two Benjamin School graduates, Gary Nicklaus of Jupiter and Matt Ceravolo of Palm Beach Gardens, tied for second on 208s.
Bryan Haase of Jupiter was fourth, Kevin Jorden, Juno Beach, T-6, Hunter O'Mahony, Tequesta, T-8, and Mike Weeks, Jupiter, T-10.
Here's another way of putting it: nine of the f irst 11 live between Northlake Boulevard and the Martin County line, the exceptions being Chase Koepka, Lake Worth, T-6, and P.J. Navaretta, Port St. Lucie, T-10; and let's not overlook former champion R.J. Nakashian, Palm Beach Gardens, fifth, and Jared Meyers, North Palm Beach, a former Jupiter resident, who tied for eighth.
The prize list, the f irst 32 on the scoring summary, also included such north county stalwarts as Steve Anderson, Frank Babusik, Alec Ceravolo, Patrick Dewey, Chris Hubman, Anders Johncke, Jimmy Key, Peter Mathison, Tas Sipowski, Pete Williams and Scott Wilson, And Sipowski had the only hole-in-one of the weekend, during the f irst round on the Fazio course at Old Trail, at the f if th hole, 132 yards, with a pitching wedge.
Powell, 19, was a 2011 graduate of Cardinal Newman High School and as a freshman he helped lead the University of Pennsylvania to the Ivy League championship. Here, he shot 68-70-69 to win by a stroke over Nicklaus and Matt Ceravolo.
Powell also caught the attention of Gary's dad, Jack Nicklaus, who with wife Barbara, walked the last round on the East course at BallenIsles. In 1971, Jack won the PGA Championship and was the low scorer in the World Cup, both on the East course at what then was known as PGA National.
"This is first time I've been here since then," Nicklaus said. "I don't remember much about the course … that was 40 years ago. The 17th and 18th holes are about the same.
"I just know I never hit 5-iron to the green at 17."
That was the difference for Powell, who followed with a nine-foot putt for an eagle and the lead with a hole to go. Both Nicklaus and Ceravolo missed birdie putts to tie at 18. For the record, Jack shot 69-69-7073—281 to beat Billy Casper by two strokes in the PGA in February. In November, using the small European ball, he won medalist honors in the World Cup on 68-69-63-71—271, seven better than Gary Player's 278. Nicklaus and Lee Trevino won team honors by 12 over South Africa, 555 to 567.
Matt Ceravolo led Nicklaus and Koepka by four shots af ter two rounds but started the f inal round bogey-bogey and added two more bogeys, at 5 and 7. He had lost the lead on Powell's first eagle of the day, at the third hole.
"It's my biggest victory," said Powell, who was playing in the group in front of the leaders. "You look at the quality of the f ield with all the expros," such as Nicklaus, "the rising young players," such as himself, "and the past champions," with six in the field and names like Mark Calcavecchia, the 1979 winner, on the trophy. "Yes, winning this is a big deal."
Daniel Eggertsson of The Acerage, the 2011 champion, had the low score of the weekend, a second round of 65 at BallenIsles. This was bracketed by 76 and 74. He tied for 12th at 215.
Larry Bush has been writing golf in South Florida since 1962. He may be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com or by calling 561-685-2707.
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text: DraftExpressProfile: Luc Richard Mbah A Moute, Stats, Comparisons, and Outlook Loading NBA Mock Drafts 2016 NBA Mock Draft 2017 NBA Mock Draft Complete Draft History My Mock Draft 2015 Early Entry List 2015 Extended NBA Mock Draft Rankings Top 100 Prospects NCAA Seniors NCAA Juniors NCAA Sophomores NCAA Freshmen International 1994 International 1995 International 1996 International 1997 NBA Draft Eligible Features DX T-Shirts Complete Draft History Measurements History NBA Player Salaries NBA Contract Calculator Player Agents Listings NBA Agent/Agency Affiliations RSCI Early Entry List Team Clubhouses Draft Pick Transactions DraftExpress Podcast NBA Draft Lottery History Videos Scouting Reports Group Interviews Highlights Interview & Highlights Interviews NBA Draft Workouts Newest Popular Practice Footage Slow Motion Dunks Stats NCAA Stats NBA Stats Euroleague Stats EuroCup Stats Spanish ACB Stats Italian A1 Stats French Pro A Stats Adriatic Stats Greek Stats D-league Stats Team Stats Stats by Team Articles Archives NCAA Draft Prospects International Draft Prospects High School NCAA Commentary International Commentary General Draft Commentary NBA Pre-Draft Camp D-League NBA NBA Summer Leagues NBA Team Needs Interviews Humor Mailbag Site Announcements Sections DX T-Shirts DX Home NCAA Home International Home NBA Home High School Home D-League Home Columnists Jonathan Givony Matt Kamalsky Mike Schmitz Kyle Nelson Derek Bodner Josh Riddell Richard Walker Jim Hlavac Eric Weiss DraftExpress User Menu Edit Profile Log In Log Out DraftExpress DX T-Shirts About Us Contact Us Opportunities Privacy Policy Our RSS Feeds Luc Richard Mbah A MouteTop 25s - Full List RankCategoryTotal 13Pts/Pos1.39 9FGA/Pos1.13 23ORB189 13ORB117 24DRB201 17Reb318 Team: Bucks College Team: 76ers PhysicalsPositions SalaryMisc H: 6' 7" W: 221 lbs Bday: 09/09/1986 (29 Years Old) Current: PF NBA: PF Possible: SF/PF Agent: Sam GoldfederCurrent Salary:$4,382,576 High School: Montverde Academy Hometown: Yaounde, Cameroon Drafted: Pick 37 in 2008 by Bucks Predraft Measurements YearSourceHeight w/o ShoesHeight w/shoesWeightWingspanStanding ReachBody FatNo Step VertMax Vert 2008NBA Pre-Draft Camp6' 5.75"6' 7.5"2217' 0.5"8' 7.5"7.032.038.5Basic Per Game Statistics - Comprehensive Stats - Statistical Top 25s Player Page  | Player Stats | Related Articles  | Add to My Draft Express  Workout Schedule: HereSpotlight ArticlesNCAA Tournament: NBA Draft Stock Watch (Final Four)Related Articles:Trending Prospects: D.J. Stephens Post-NBA Draft Lottery Analysis: The Implications Finding a Niche for: Tristan Thompson Jordan Brand Classic International Game: Top Prospects Official Portsmouth Measurements Released Top NBA Draft Prospects in the Pac-10 (Part One: #1-5) NBA Team Needs: Central Division Has the High School Class of 05 Doomed the 2009 NBA Draft? NCAA Weekly Performers, 2/24/09 The NBA's Stimulus Package: The Rookie Draft Class of 2008 College Road Report: Arizona State vs. UCLA & USC 2008 NBA Draft Report Card Early-Entry Withdrawal Deadline: Final List 2008 NBA Pre-Draft Camp Rosters and Physical Only Invites NBA Pre-Draft Camp Preview, Projected Rosters 2008 NBA Draft Prospects Agent Listings 2008 Official NBA Draft Early Entry List Big Board of Top 115 NBA Draft Prospects, by Position, w/Analysis Blogging Through the Elite Eight Blogging Through the NCAA Tournament (Day 3) 07/08 NCAA Postseason All-Conference Awards NCAA Tournament: NBA Draft Stock Watch (Elite Eight, Saturday games) DX Indvividual Awards: Pac-10 Holiday Catch-Up: The Pac-10 2006-2007 Wooden Award Preseason Nominees Las Vegas AAU Summer Tournaments: Thoughts from Day Two NCAA Tournament: NBA Draft Stock Watch (National Championship) NCAA Tournament: NBA Draft Stock Watch (Sweet Sixteen, Thursday games) Pac-10 Conference Preview (Part Two) Pac-10 Conference Preview (Part One) Misc. LinksESPN ProfileUCLA ProfileUser Scouting Reports:Arron Afflalo Scouting Report by Jorker Lerander on 8/13/2006Brian Randle Report by Jorker Lerander on 8/8/2006Sammy Mejia Scouting Report by Jorker Lerander on 7/31/2006Adam Haluska Scouting Report by Jorker Lerander on 3/20/2006Luc Richard Mbah A Moute Report by Jorker Lerander on 2/14/2006 © 2015 DraftExpress LLC All rights reserved.


text:
https://soundcloud.com/boventoon/bionic ... iginal-mix
Hi Everybody,
This is my first post. I am Yannick from the Netherlands.
Would appreciate it if you would listen to my track and let me know what you think or what you would do different.
BovenToon - Bionic Ensemble (House 121 Bpm)
Share your music, collaborate, and partake in monthly music contests.
2 posts • Page 1 of 1
2 posts • Page 1 of 1
Moderators: Scoops, Moderators (Main)


text:
PUBLIC LIVES; Breaking Molds, and Then Designing New Ones
By ROBIN FINN
Published: April 21, 2004
NOT long before he graduated from Harvard with a master's degree in architecture, J. Max Bond Jr., whose firm Davis Brody Bond was named associate architect for the ground zero memorial last week, recalls being chummily taken aside by one of the gurus of Harvard's architecture program and receiving an unfriendly shock. The professor advised him to exit the architect business before he'd even dipped his toe in it. Talent and intelligence weren't his liability; toe color was.
African-American architects of note, the professor casually informed him, were virtually nonexistent. A bright young man like him--he had a diploma from Booker T. Washington High School in Atlanta at 13 and entered Harvard at 16--would do himself a favor by picking another profession and chasing a different dream. Just another case of life not being all that fair in the late 50's, not even for the trilingual (English, French and Spanish) son of a pair of progressive Southern educators who raised him to believe that there were no limits. It was in Tuskegee, Ala., that he first became intrigued by large-scale architecture: the objects of his attention were warehouses for World War II fighter planes.
Mr. Bond, now 68 and a bit of a graying guru himself, elected not to take the professor's advice and segregate himself from the unfair side of life. Just as he elected not to take the hint when a cross was burned on the lawn in front of his dormitory in the spring of his freshman year at Harvard. Beneath that crisply pressed lavender shirt lurks a steel spine: 50 years removed from the insults, he does not excuse them, but he comes close to laughing them off. Certainly he has outgrown them. Besides, how could his Harvard professor not have known that the institution's own library was built by a black architect, Julian Abele? That still stumps him.
''Welcome to Harvard,'' says Mr. Bond, contemplatively, which is how he says most things. Hilarity and irony aren't his style. His manner is professorial; no wonder, as he had spent six years as dean of the School of Architecture and Environmental Studies at City College and has also been chairman of Columbia University's Graduate School of Architecture and Planning.
But he evidently bears his alma mater no great grudge: his college became his client when he was hired to renovate the Harvard Club in Manhattan, an official New York City landmark. He says it came as no surprise that the old diversity bugaboo cropped up at blueprint time: the club's facilities for women were woefully inadequate because, of course, women were not on the original membership list. These ''subliminal slights conveyed by the architecture,'' as Mr. Bond refers to them, have been noted and corrected. He took pleasure in the process.
At least he felt welcome when he became Davis Brody Bond's first and only black partner (he admits he'd love to see that second thing change) in 1990 after his partner, Don Ryder, retired from their own firm, Bond Ryder & Associates, after two decades. ''Architecture was and remains one of the more segregated professions,'' he says, ''and too much of architecture is sort of dictatorial. Certain architectural decisions have a larger economic and social impact than people realize.''
Cases in point: At the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture in Harlem, he used sapele, a wood from Africa, for the interior paneling. At the Martin Luther King Jr. Center in Atlanta, he used wood indigenous to the South and, in deference to the wishes of Dr. King's parents and widow that the memorial not be intimidating, the only ''fancy'' material is the marble of the crypt. For his first widely recognized project, the Bolgatanga Library in Ghana, he experimented with a parasol-shaped roof that made it possible for the library to protect its collection even if its air-conditioning faltered. He spent four years in Ghana and both his children were born there.
HE is perched on a red chair in his office at 315 Hudson Street, where the river provides a protean backdrop and his favorite photograph of Miles Davis, a haunting candid by Frank Stewart, hangs at eye level across from his desk. His bookcase and files take up an entire wall, and he anticipates that the World Trade Center memorial will generate another wall's worth of paperwork. Mr. Bond is partner-in-charge of a pool of 20 Davis Brody Bond professionals who will work with the memorial's creators, the architect Michael Arad and the landscape architect Peter Walker.
Mr. Bond stresses this is a collaboration, not a takeover. ''We're not coming in as critics,'' he says. ''And we're not particularly diva-ish. Our objective is to take their concept and figure out how to realize it, to keep the design's integrity intact but also figure out all these problems, everything from infrastructure to security to lighting to fountains to the hardware on the doors. It's a wonderful opportunity to implement something that is going to carry great historical and emotional meaning.''
He was delighted when Mr. Arad won the competition with ''Reflecting Absence.'' Mr. Bond said, ''So many young people died in the twin towers that day, that it seemed wonderful to me that the memorial competition was won by a young designer.''
Mr. Bond, who is on the quiet side, -- no flashy hobbies -- lives in Washington Heights with his wife, Jean Carey Bond. He does not go by his first name, which happens to be James, and that's just as well. ''The last time I had a martini was 25 years ago,'' he says. ''I drank two, and when I went to stand up, I couldn't get out of my chair.''
Photo: J. MAX BOND JR. (Photo by Ozier Muhammad/The New York Times)


text:
The thinking on which Recharge Talent Search runs is revolve around AOL & its founder HH Sri Sri Ravishankar's blessings and philosophy.
His Holiness Sri Sri Ravi Shankar is a universally revered spiritual and humanitarian leader. His vision of a violence-free, stress-free society through the reawakening of human values has inspired millions to broaden their spheres of responsibility and work towards the betterment of the world.
In 1981, HH Sri Sri Ravi Shankar established the Art of Living, an educational, and humanitarian Non-Governmental Organisation that works in special consultative status with the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations. Present in over 140 countries, it formulates, and implements lasting solutions to conflicts, and issues faced by individuals, communities and nations. In 1997, HH Sri Sri Ravi Shankar founded the International Association for Human Values (IAHV) to foster human values, and lead sustainable development projects.
HH Sri Sri Ravi Shankar has reached out to an estimated 300 million people worldwide through personal interactions, public events, teachings, the Art of Living workshops, and humanitarian initiatives. Not since Mahatma Gandhi has one person united people of different traditions, and faiths into a spiritual communion across the length, and breadth of India. Amidst various threats to India by the misguided Naxalite, and Jehadi forces, there is one name that emerges as a universally accepted ambassador of peace. To the Hindus, Muslims, Christians, Dalits, Sikhs, and the minorities alike, HH Sri Sri Ravi Shankar is the only Hindu spiritual leader in whom people have reposed faith and confidence.
He has brought to the masses, ancient practices which were traditionally kept exclusive, and has designed many self-development techniques. These practices can easily be integrated into daily life to calm the mind, and instill confidence and enthusiasm. These techniques have helped thousands of people to overcome depression, and violent and suicidal tendencies. One of his most unique offerings to the world is the Sudarshan Kriya, a powerful breathing technique that facilitates physical, mental, emotional, and social well-being.
HH Sri Sri Ravi Shankar travels to nearly 40 countries every year, exemplifying his call to globalize wisdom. His universal message is that love, and wisdom can prevail over hatred, and distress. The Art of Living is a multi-faceted, not-for-profit educational and humanitarian NGO with a presence in over 140 countries. Founded in 1982 by His Holiness Sri Sri Ravi Shankar, the Art of Living, today, is one of the largest voluntary organisations in the world.
Inspired by its founder's vision of making the world a violence-free, stress-free global family, the organisation is engaged in various initiatives that uplift humanity and enhance the quality of life. The goal of the organisation is to bring peace at the level of the individual, society, nation and the world as a whole. Its areas of work covers conflict resolution, disaster and trauma relief, poverty alleviation, empowerment of women, prisoner rehabilitation, education for all, campaigns against female feticide and child labour and environment sustainability.
Guided by Sri Sri's philosophy of peace, "Unless we have a stress-free mind and a violence-free society, we cannot achieve world peace," the Art of Living offers several stress-elimination and self-development programmes based mainly on breathing techniques, meditation and yoga. These programmes have helped thousands around the world to overcome depression and violent and suicidal tendencies.
The Art of Living has several sister organisations which are dedicated to realising its vision. International Association for Human Values, Ved Vignan Maha Vidya Peeth, Sri Sri Ravishankar Vidya Mandir, Vyakti Vikas Kendra India, among others, formulate and implement social projects of the Art of Living. For any queries related with AOL & its programs please contact our creative head Kshitij Shivprasad at +91-99264-28682.
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We have it all when it comes to summertime activities. Hiking, biking, summer outdoor concerts, golfing, outdoor ice skating, huckleberry hunting, scenic chair lift rides, fun festivals, geocaching and more! So take a look at what's waiting for you, your friends and your family. What are you up for?
Listing of Calendar of Events below:
Emerald Empire Youth Ski League Alpine Race Events
GS Saturday, SL Sunday
More info at skilookout.com


text:
Live Sunday Worship Services:
First Baptist Church of Asheboro
11:00 a.m. the First Sunday of each month.
Web Site: First Baptist Church
First United Methodist of Asheboro
11:00 a.m. the Second Sunday of each month.
Web Site: First United Methodist Church
Balfour Baptist
11:00 a.m. the Third Sunday of each month.
Balfour Baptist Church is located at 1642 North Fayetteville Street,
Asheboro, NC.
Pastor: Rev. Ken Reaves
Sunday School: 9:30 a.m.
Sunday Worship: 10:45 a.m.
Sunday Evening: 6:30 p.m.
Wednesday Evening: 6:30 p.m.
Web Site: Balfour Baptist Church
Central United Methodist
11:00 a.m. the Fourth and Fifth Sundays of each month.
"In all we are and do, Christ is Central at Central"
Central United Methodist Church is located at 300 South Main Street,
Asheboro, NC.
Senior Pastor: Dr. Terry Matthews
Sunday Worship: 8:45 a.m. & 11:00 a.m.
Sunday School: 9:45 a.m.
Phone: (336) 629-1425
Web Site: Central United Methodist
The Mid-Morning Coffee Break
Monday - Friday: 8:30 a.m.
This 25 minute interview program focuses on various organizations
serving Randolph County.
Regular guests include representatives from Regional Consolidated
Services, Asheboro Parks & Recreation, The Asheboro/Randolph
Chamber of Commerce, Randolph County Cooperative Extension,
and The Randolph County Senior Adults Association
Topics include: health and wellness; services for seniors and the
underprivileged; community activities; farming, horticulture and other
agricultural interests; and more.
If your community organization would like to be a part of the show,
contact Larry Reid at (336) 625-2187.
True Bluegrass
Saturday: 9:00 - 11:30 a.m.
Host: Bobby Franklin
Since October, 1992, True Bluegrass has featured the best up-and-coming
local and regional bluegrass talent along with national artists each and every week.
Bobby Franklin has worked in radio since 1968 and features a great mix of
bluegrass and bluegrass gospel every Saturday morning from 9:00 until 11:30.
Each show is programmed in advance but you can contact Bobby with your
request and he will work it into the next Saturday's show.
Call (336) 625-1260 Saturday mornings during the show.
Happy Thoughts
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Bread of Life from Acorn Ridge Baptist Church
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text:
Do you remember when your parents used to totally embarrass you as a child? Well, luckily the little ones aren't present when Jodie Foster, John C. Reilly, Christoph Waltz and Kate Winslet get into temper tantrums in 'Carnage.' The film, directed by Roman Polanski, is based on the award-winning play 'God of Carnage,' the Broadway version of which starred James Gandolfini, Marcia Gay Harden, Jeff Daniels and Hope Davis.
Moviefone caught 'Carnage' at the New York Film Festival last month and marveled at the amount of scenery chewed by the four stars (three of whom are Oscar winners). Do the results match with what you see in the trailer?
'Carnage' arrives in limited release on Dec. 16.
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[Photo: Sony Pictures Classics]
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In sous vide, size matters. Recently, I began using an inexpensive set of plastic calipers that I picked up online. They have proven to be a very easy and effective tool for taking the measurements I need to feed into the SousVide Dash app, and as a result I am likely to use them for almost everything I cook sous vide.
The thickness of a piece of food has a very direct impact on the length of time it needs to cook sous vide. Cooking time is roughly proportional to the square of the smallest dimension of the food. So if one steak is 50% thicker than another, it will take approximately
1.5 * 1.5 – 1 = 2.25 – 1 = 125%
longer to cook. So it is critical that we measure the dimensions of food accurately.
Recently, I discovered the General Tools 141ME Pocket Caliper and added it to my sous vide toolkit. It is made of plastic, and costs less than $8 with free shipping. Similar models can be found elsewhere on the web for as low as $2, though shipping can jack up their prices quite a bit. Here's what it looks like measuring the diameter of an egg:
Notice how easy it is to read the scale down to the millimeter of 1/32nd of an inch.
Of course there are a number of other methods in common use for measuring the thickness of foods to be cooked sous vide. Some people use an ordinary ruler, though it is sometimes tough to eyeball exactly where the food lines up. Some people have taken it even further and written apps that display a ruler at actual size on the screen of a smart phone. So now you still have the problem of lining things up, but you are also putting your smart phone down onto the kitchen counter where something could easily spill on it.
Over on eGullet.com, PedroG produced a handy sous vide thickness ruler that you can print out and use on the edge of your countertop. I have used this before, and I always liked it except for the fact that it is only ruled at 5mm intervals. I also have to reprint it regularly when it gets wrinkled, folded, or wet.
In my experience, none of the other methods above has been as good as this set of calipers.
I have had great luck with the calipers with a variety of foods. Aside from being extremely accurate, they are small and lightweight enough to fit easily in a kitchen tool drawer, yet durable enough for kitchen use. Since they are plastic they wash easily with standard dishwashing liquid and water if anything spills on them. So far I'm very happy with them and would recommend them to others who cook sous vide.


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1 + 1 = 3
By: Jeb Gleason-Allured
Posted: September 4, 2009, from the September 2009 issue of GCI Magazine.
page 4 of 4"I'm often asked the question [by suppliers], 'What if we compact perfumes?' or 'What if we can claim the perfumes come from all natural sources?' " says Hicks, who believes the industry can do far more for sustainability. "Redesigning a perfume that enables us to compact the consumer product it goes into has 100 times more effect on waste reduction and energy consumption than compacting the perfume itself," he continues. "If you think of the challenge in designing a consumer product with a perfume in it, you're designing it to have a certain experience and performance—when you're using it, after you're using it and so on. You have all these things in balance. As soon as you compact a product, all that changes. [One] of the things we're trying to do with our partners is design perfume systems that still give the consumer the ideal fragrance experience all the way through the life of the products."
Meanwhile, he says, "Naturals are wonderful materials, and perfumers love them. But the reasons synthetics have [become so important] is that naturals are [rather] expensive and vary in quality and supply availability. You can't base your whole business in today's world on naturals." And, he says, "What are we really bringing consumers if we did that? Maybe the way to think about this is in terms of how we make the synthetics and how we use them in our products—something truly meaningful."
Product Mixes in Hard Times
Companies constantly assess how much they invest in core brands versus how much they invest in new product categories and brands that will grow the business in the future. This is particularly crucial in rough economic climates. "Everyone will want to invest in that core," says Hicks, "because growth in that has the best consumer reception and, ultimately, gives you the best financial return." Brands can either upgrade existing brands or add line extensions, though Hicks notes, "you can take either of those too far."
"You've got to get the balance right between how much you invest in your core business and what you do in terms of big, disruptive innovations," says Hicks. "If you look at the past 50 years, the things that have proven to be gigantic for [P&G] were very disruptive innovations that started from scratch"—Tide being a prime example.
Jeb Gleason-Allured is the editor of Perfumer & Flavorist magazine.


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I'm entirely aware that
patches and updates consumes gigabytes of data, but does actually playing the game after all patches and updates are downloaded cause data-gobbling? I want to play WoW again, if only for a few months, but my only internet connection is portable Wi-Fi (Mi-Fi Jetpack) from Verizon.
No, I'm not planning on going on raids.
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I have tried playing with a phone tethered to my laptop before and noticed that it only consumes kilobytes of data at a time.
Playing for a couple of hours should only consume a few megabytes at most.
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An excerpt from www.HouseOfNames.com archives copyright © 2000 - 2015
Origins Available: English, Irish
Where did the English Twigg family come from? What is the English Twigg family crest and coat of arms? When did the Twigg family first arrive in the United States? Where did the various branches of the family go? What is the Twigg family history?
Spelling variations of this family name include: Twygg, Twygge, Twigg, Twiggs, Twig and others.
First found in Derbyshire where they held a family seat from very ancient times, some say well before the Norman Conquest in 1066.
This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Twigg research. Another 366 words (26 lines of text) covering the years 1086, 1272, 1724, and 1740 are included under the topic Early Twigg History in all our PDF Extended History products.
More information is included under the topic Early Twigg Notables in all our PDF Extended History products.
Some of the Twigg family moved to Ireland, but this topic is not covered in this excerpt. Another 159 words (11 lines of text) about their life in Ireland is included in all our PDF Extended History products.
Some of the first settlers of this family name were:
Twigg Settlers in United States in the 17th Century
Twigg Settlers in United States in the 19th Century
Twigg Settlers in United States in the 20th Century
Twigg Settlers in Canada in the 20th Century
Twigg Settlers in Australia in the 19th Century
The Twigg Family Crest was acquired from the Houseofnames.com archives. The Twigg Family Crest was drawn according to heraldic standards based on published blazons. We generally include the oldest published family crest once associated with each surname.
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Turtles All the Way Down
Fish up a Sea Turtle mount from any fishing pool in Deepholm, Mount Hyjal, Twilight Highlands, Uldum, Northrend, or Pandaria.
|Quick Facts
The Wowhead Client is a little application we use to keep our database up to date, and to provide you with some nifty extra functionality on the website!
It serves 2 main purposes:
You can also use it to keep track of your completed quests, recipes, mounts, companion pets, and titles!
So, what are you waiting for? Download the client and get started.


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Everyone has favorites, but according to Edmunds, these are the cars everyone should hate.
13. 1974 Reliant Robin -- This car was underpowered and was silly looking three-wheel car. Does it surprise you that it made this list? (Photo: Caroline Stokes, Flickr)
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News from Vermont # 304 My Sweet Christmas Present
Hello again Maple People,
A good time at Christmas for me used to mean things like "little tin horns and little toy drums" with maybe a fast sled thrown in. I've reached a point in my maturity, however, when I'm glad to simply count my blessings like the big one that recently occurred right here in our Morse microcosm. Similar to January 1998, we were spared the terrible ice storm that nature has spewed all over the east.
It started a few days before Christmas when those folks we all love to hate, Mother Nature's gremlins, the meteorologists, began harping on an approaching ice storm. The trouble is, things have changed from the old days of "b'guess and b'gory". Today these guys have an arsenal of satellites, Doppler radars, and electronic crystal balls half as high as the stratocumulus; they no longer speculate...they "know"!
After our collective "C'mon you freaking Grinches!", we all flocked to hardware stores like chickens into a corner, buying out everything from flashlight batteries to expensive generators. We knew what was coming, and here in Vermont, there was nobody more nervous than us maple sugarmakers. Maple sugarmakers face more than just a household without electricity or running water....our entire existence stands in the balance.
Maple trees are fickle, you know...we're all quite familiar with their "sweet" side and, when it comes to great quality hardwood for furniture or fires, they're very dense and strong. Ironically, though, with hurricanes or ice storms, they "fold like a cheap suit". Back in the days of my youth, our only investment in them was the cost of owning them, enough buckets, covers, and spouts to fit them with, and a sugarbush full of labor in early March. These days, however, our investment in those trees has grown exponentially with miles and miles of plastic tubing, mainline, and thousands of specialized fittings. This stuff adds up to more than twelve dollars per tree, "lives" in the woods year-round, and can all be rendered "landfill material" in minutes when Mother Nature takes down twigs, limbs and even whole trees.
Tom, setting lines.
The day after this recent ice storm, I needed some syrup jugs from our nearest maple supply place in Morrisville. I drove my favorite way, up County Road, turning left at Maple Corner, and on to Worcester Village. Just north of Worcester, only ten miles from our farm, the whole scene changed to a crystalline "Robert Frost" world with all the birch trees bowing earthward. The further I drove, other bowing trees joined the birches, poplars, ash...and maples! In another "world" this would have been beautiful but in my mind, I could only think of one thing...my fellow sugarmakers are in trouble.
When I arrived at CDL Maple Supply, this bleak atmosphere followed me right into the building. The attendant was engaged in a phone conversation which I knew, even from my one-sided perspective, had a sad tenor. When he got done, he shook his head and said "guy was from up in Belvidere...just put up a brand new system...lost everything.".
I look out at our January world as I finish writing. It's cold...below zero cold. Our trees wear a thin coat of dry snow, not enough to bow them over. If I was out there, I'd hear an occasional "crack" similar to a gunshot. When it gets this cold, trees frozen on the inside will do that and that's a good sound of a Vermont winter at work. The sound of limbs and trees splintering and crashing down from a coating of ice on the outside, though, is the bad sound of winter at work. And speaking of "work", it'll be grueling for many northern Vermont maple sugarmakers in the two months ahead. Although counting my blessings that we didn't get ice here doesn't diminish my concern for those guys, I know they'll get the job done. Got to...after all, in sugarin' time, there's nothing but the good sounds of Vermont maples showing their sweet side.
ps: All of us at Morse Farm Maple Sugarworks would like to thank you for your wonderful support in 2013 and we look forward to a healthy, prosperous, and sweet 2014! Your orders for the world's best present, Vermont maple syrup and maple products, sure kept us busy recently. I'd like to thank our packers, Wendy Decato, Kelly Phillips, Barbara Smith, Stacey Massey and Sarah Rogers for their care in packing things the right way! I'd like to also thank our telephone people, Sheryl Larkin, (Wendy, Barbara, and Sarah again), Sara Garland, Dee Berns, Sherry Anthony, Kelsey Brown, and Heather Blake for taking your orders in such a courteous and efficient way. Our mail order folks always strive to find the best and least expensive way to ship your packages, totally mindful that maple syrup is heavy, spillable, and perishable. We had so many nice comments from you about both how good it was, and how good it arrived...thanks again! Please keep us in mind at www.morsefarm.com 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
Happy New Year,
Burr (That's "BRRRR" lately!)


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Looking for Borewell? www.hotfrog.in showcases more than 434 businesses grouped by Borewell within INDIA. To find more businesses related to Borewell, Drilling or BORING service, and to filter by locality, use the left navigation menu.
Trivandrum, Kerala
ubewell Contractors,Borewell Drillers in kerala for underground water;Service provider of borewell Drilling,Rigs,Geologists,Instrumentation Contracto…
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Vishal Borewell is a leading and reliable sole proprietorship & recognized borewell company in Gujarat. Company is having more than 20 years rich experience in borewell industries. Our company motto is dedicated to prov…
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We the first and leading borewell drilling and service institution, offer guaranteed services on water diving, Borewell Drilling and Bore Maintenance including lifting of trapped pipes and submersible pumps We…
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We are glad to inform you that M / S Donann Borewells is running last 18 years We are dealing and execute the same type of works as Borewell Drilling of 4½", 4¾" and 6½ size, Calex Borewells
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Bangalore Bazar, Karnataka
Kannan borewell offers services for borewell and water well drilling in Bangalore, Karnataka. We have qualified and experienced contractors for borewell drilling and found quality water source for you. First of its kind…
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We are offering services of borewell drilling, water borewell drilling, commercial borwell drilling We are strictly adhered to international quality standards services to ensure total satisfaction of customers…
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K.S.R Borewells are recognized as reputed Drilling Contractor for offering reliable and result oriented Water Borewell Service. A well known Borewell Consultant has highly trained experts who successfully execute highly…
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Poineers in Providing Borewells & Drilling Solutions In Bangalore We Provide The Best Solutions As We Have Well Experienced Borewell Engineers Providing Quality Solutions For All Borewell Problems
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Gnanasekar borewell service has been a recognized name in the chennai borewell service for over 20 years. Gnanasekar borewell service carry a range of good service suit every drilling task great or small. The Gnanasekar…
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Varunnaas Borewells undertake groundwater consultancy and drilling of borewells/tubewells all over India. We specialise in Pile Foundation works with Rotary Rigs for a depth of about 60metres for 1200mm dia and als…
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Pune, Maharashtra
Prashant Borewell is a Borewell Drilling Firm based in Pune established in 1970. The company has till date built more than 2000 borewells across India. We have the latest drilling machinery and compressors which can dri…
We are the one and only PrivateBorewell cmpany founded and headed by a Geologist. Every drilling project of ours has been directly supervised by the geologist at no extra cost to the client.Hence the client is assured …
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Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh
Specialist in 4 1/2 and 6 1/2 " dia borewell drillers in Hyderabad
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Erode Collectorate, Tamil Nadu
our borewell company one of the leading in that location.we have more than 30 years of experience in this field
A KSR Borewells / Rohini Borewells Borewells & Borewell Drillers Pioneers In Providing Borewell Solutions With Experienced Borewell Drilling Engineers We Provide Advanced Drilling Solutions For 1) Borewells 2) In-We…
REENA BOREWELLS Trivandrum,Kerala. Our Specialities:- Drilling is done on all surfaces even on sand & clay soil in the absence of rock.We undertake quality borewell/tubewell / calyx / hand bore drillings from 4.5"…
Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu
…The range is hardwearing and resistant to corrosion. Manufacturer, Exporter and Suppliers of extensive range of Borewell Compressor in coimbatore, India. We export best quality Borewell Compressors with competitive prices.
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Chennai Borewell services, and Borewell in Chennai for more clarification with visits our site www.saradhaborewell.com
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Sri Kannan Borewells Company in Bangalore. Our service are leading borewell contractors, drilling operations,kannan borewell bangalore.call 0990007700,09845944471
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TRIVANDRUM, Kerala
INDUS GEOTECH is the leading borewell drilling contractors operational since 1991 . We are the one and only borewell company in South India founded and headed by a Geologist. Unlike any other company, every drilling…
GK Borewell have 25 years experienced in this field. We have built a strong reputation for providing reliable, trouble-free water supplies. Through our engineering operations and selection of equipment and materials for…
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Kolkata, West Bengal
manufacturer and exporter of alloy steel, mining and drilling equipment for borewell industry, waterwell equipment etc
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Indus Geotech is the laeading borewell drilling company in Kerala since 1991. We are he one and only private drilling company in India founded and headed by a Geologist. Every drilling project of ours has been directly …
…with experienced Water Surveyors and geologists.We use high quality PVC pipes with ISI mark 6, 10 Kgs for borewells. The facility for taking water without pumpsets is also done.Our service is also available where…
Gurgaon H O, Haryana
borewells for water ,borehole for pilling,shoulder pilling,kingpost,rainwater harvesting,dewatering borehole . .
Tambaram, Tamil Nadu
All types of borewell service and plumbing works done by us. customer satisfaction is our mission
ARUL MURUGAN RIG SERVICE is an established borewell drilling firm bases in Chennai city, Tamilnadu, India We are expert in drilling 41/2, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 18 dia borewells with super fast hydraulic rigs and e…
Borewell Drilling Contractor - We provide 6 1/2" dia Inwell compressor rig and and 6 1/2" dia superfast hydraulic master rig . Desilting of the existing borewells, erection and installation of submersible pumps. Dri…
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Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu
All types of borewell service done by us.
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Delhi Cantt, New Delhi
…Traders is serving since 1998. Manjeet Traders is well known for Domestic, Industrial and agricultral pumps. Manjeet Traders is also in pump repairing. Manjeet Traders do Borewell drilling, water harvesting, pilling job.
New Delhi, New Delhi
we are experts in tube well drilling in rock and soil. we also undertake rain water harvesting, pump supply, pump installation, piling in soil, piling in rock and development of the tube well with air compressor.
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Hi-Tech Borewell is a leading borewell company in Chennai,Tamilnadu.we are specialized in Borewell,Borewell drilling,Borewell Contractors,Borewell services in chennai
As we are aware that No water is ever produced in the earth it is a natura cycle of the Rain and Water that gives us ample of Good Quality of the Water but as the Urbs anization and Industrialization the Natural Cycle o…
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text: Close Tweet0 Share0 Comment0 Share0 Share0 Stumble It0 Print0 More Campus Union Northwestern to wear all-white uniforms and helmets against Cal by Martin Rickman Twitter Email Posted: Thu Aug. 22, 2013 By Martin RickmanLet the flood of uni news wash over you and rejoice for the season is on its way. Next up is Northwestern, which is going the all-white route against Sonny Dykes and Cal.Northwestern will wear white helmets vs. Cal, 1st time its worn white helmets since 1980 pic.twitter.com/cFzcGtz6C9— Brett McMurphy (@McMurphyESPN) August 22, 2013These are sharp and really stand out. There might be a little novelty in wearing a helmet that hasn't been worn in over three decades, but it's the right time for novelty. There's more hype around Northwestern than there has been in a long time, and the Cats are excited. Here is the uniform in video form:http://youtu.be/dEUS3D6_9ho Baumgaertner: Top 25 team preview: No. 22 Northwestern Wildcats Promoted Stories Comments


text:
Specialty Polymers Inc. Hires New Technical Director
Published March 27, 2013
Harris has more than 25 years of experience in design, development, scale up and production of polymers used in automotive OEM coatings and acrylic latex chemistry. Prior to joining Specialty he was with BASF Corporation in the U.S. and Germany, and was an assistant professor of Inorganic Polymer Chemistry at Virginia Tech.
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Customer Service 1-800-872-5677
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• Noise-isolating full size headphone with soft isolating cushions for booming bass
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Koss KMO20g noise-isolating full size headphones are equipped with dynamic elements to produce booming bass and an extended frequency response. Designed to endure heavy usage, the KMO20 have a tough exterior and a sturdy headband sling for maximum durability. Closed, soft noise isolating ear cushions surround the ear to deliver the rich Sound of Koss.
Available in Mossy Oak patterns Break Up Infinity® green the Koss KMO20g is great for outdoor use, or for casual listening in the confines of the home. Tune out everything else with the Koss KMO20g noise-isolating full size headphones and the Sound of Koss.
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We're sorry, this item is no longer offered.
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To be a fashionable cowgirl requires having the right footwear and these Women's Aged Bark Boots deliver everything needed for overall perfection. Stand out with fancy stitching on 8" pink suede uppers and aged bark feet with perfed saddle vamps and wide square toes.
Diamond cut pull straps and deep dip openings make it easier in pulling on. One's feet will feel pampered on the J-Flex Flexible Comfort System insoles for long wear. A must have for anyone's ensemble!
Product Details
- Aged Bark With Perfed Saddle Vamp
- Insole: J-Flex Flexible Comfort System With Removable Orthotic Insert
- Outsole: Black Rubber
- Single Stitched Welt
- Feature: Deep Scallop
- Height: 8"
- Toe: J125 - Wide Square
- Heel: Unit


text:
Alfalfa is low in sugars but where it gets you into trouble is if you have too easy of an easy keeper that blows up on it. But in smaller amounts if the horse doesn't gain too much weight it would be good.
I'm sure she wouldn't mind answering your questions, she helped me tons when my horse came up with laminitis this summer.
You have a wonderful vet and I would make sure you keep her, wish there were more like her.


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D-Link announces the availability of the Wireless-N Dual Band MediaBridge(DAP-1513)that can work either as a wireless bridge or an access point.
Cisco announces today its Linksys WES610N Wireless-N Dual-Band Entertainment Bridge that can extend an existing wireless network to up to four Ethernet-ready devices.
D-Link announces the availability of its new routers and Powerline adapters in its new Amplifi family of networking products.
Trendnet announces its first selectable dual-band 450Mbps Wireless-N bridge, the TEW-680MB, which can quickly add any Ethernet-ready device to an existing wireless network.


text:
Tributes of love for Ian Stokes
Posted: July 13, 2012|
TWO MEN have been sentenced to death for the murder of a former North Cornwall man who ran a factory in Camelford and taught microlight flying at Davidstow.
Friends gathered at the airfield on July 1 for a memorial service for Ian Stokes, who opened the factory to build Thruster microlight aircraft on the Camelford industrial estate and also drove a school bus in the area.
He was stabbed to death by two men in a robbery attempt in Gambia on May 12.
Nigerians Michael Chukuibuikem and Stanley Ugochukwu are due to hang after they were convicted by the Special Criminal Court in The Gambia. A third man was acquitted of the crime.
After a service at the airfield conducted by the Reverend Robert Thewsey, Mr Stokes' friends released helium balloons carrying messages of love and farewell.
Originally from the Cotswolds, Mr Stokes moved to Cornwall with his second wife Betty in the 1980s and founded the Moorland Flying Club at Davidstow Airfield.
He was a leading light in the formation of the British Microlight Aircraft Association as its chairman, an instructor and examiner.
Diddie Simms, who learnt to fly with him, said: "Ian had an excellent, relaxed style of instruction which put pupil pilots at ease, but woe betide you if you made the same mistake more than twice.
"He introduced Thruster microlights to Britain and built them at the factory in Camelford.
"He believed in microlighting because it was affordable flying for the ordinary working person.
"He was also instrumental in starting X-Air microlight importing into the UK.
"He drove the school bus in Camelford to supplement his income from the flying school and drove an ancient Peugeot estate in which he fetched fuel and water from his well in jerry-cans.
"For a short time a winch-towing gliding and paragliding school was also started at Davidstow Airfield. Moorland Flying Club had a family feel and Betty and Ian and Henry and all the dogs made everyone feel welcome – special and important – and encouraged their endeavours."
Mr Stokes used to take pupils to the Rising Sun at Five Lanes or the Mason's Arms at Camelford for a celebratory drink after one went solo.
"He was a real character, always close to the wind," said Jo Old, landlady of the Mason's Arms.
Wendy Callaghan, whose husband Ian worked for him as an instructor, said: "He was a lovely fella.
"He'd always help people out, but some didn't treat him with the same respect."
The murderers had also been accused of kidnapping or wrongfully confined Mr Stokes in his house with intent to cause danger to him.
Justice Emmanuel Nkea said the prosecution paraded nine witnesses, while the accused alone gave evidence for the defence.
One of the accused said he saw a huge amount of money in Mr Stokes's safe and later decided to rob him.
His co-defendant agreed to help, assisting by holding Mr Stokes by his neck while he was sitting in the back passenger seat of his car.
"The first accused stabbed him repeatedly until the deceased was silent," Justice Nkea continued.
In passing sentence of death by hanging, the judge noted that the convicted persons were not remorseful.
He added that the manner in which Mr Stokes was killed was brutal, and the law would not permit him to have mercy on them.