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Twitter The Musical [VIDEO]
Wonder what is up with Twitter? Well, there's a musical for that.
Wonder what is up with Twitter? Well, there's a musical for that.
Wow, what a feeling! The 1983 movie 'Flashdance' – about a steel welder turned stripper turned ballet dancer – will soon be a Broadway musical from the creators of 'Jersey Boys.'
Before we get to this news story, we want to make sure you're sitting down because this may be the news you've been waiting for your entire life. If it isn't, then you've got a really weird life because it should be. News just hit the web that a big screen version of Raggedy Ann and Andy is heading to the big screen. Hello? Didn't faint on us, did you? Ok, good.
It seems like tons of hit movies from the pre-2000′s wind up with musical adaptions on Broadway, and now it seems 'Austin Powers' is next on the list. Following in the footsteps of 'Legally Blonde,' 'Footloose,' 'Rocky' and 'Sister Act,' Mike Myers is reportedly in talks to turn his popular movie into a Broadway musical.
Gwyneth Paltrow's appearance on 'Glee' may have earned her more than just an Emmy for best guest appearance.
It looks like she will be collaborating with 'Glee' creator Ryan Murphy on a feature film musical.
"We want to do a musical together," Murphy told E! at the Emmys. "An original — I want to write an original movie for Gwyneth and Maya Rudolph, both of whom I'm great friends with."


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Hello everyone,
My name is Steven and i have been coding on and off in PHP for about 2 years. I've joined php-forum to see if I can learn off the existing members here and possibly share my knowledge where needed.
Something which i am VERY interested in is OOP in PHP. Do you guys have a place / section made available for this topic? Or maybe its not wanted / needed. Just thought I would ask.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Don't have a login?
Create an account here.
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Create an account here.
Twitter has released a list of the network's top trends for the first half of 2011 and everyone's favorite singer, Rebecca Black, tops them all.
According to Twitter, users are sending over 200 million tweets per day. In January 2009, users sent 2 million tweets a day. One year ago, users posted 65 million tweets a day.
Twitter has been growing profoundly since it first launched in 2006. With such an astounding growth, the company has released two lists of Trending Topics for the first half of 2011. They're separated into the two most popular categories: World events/News and Pop culture.
World events/News
1. AH1N1 - Swine Flu
2. Mubarak - former Egyptian President
3. Easter - Christian holiday
4. Cairo - capital of Egypt
5. #prayforjapan - sentiment following the March earthquake and tsunami
6. Chernobyl - site of nuclear disaster in 1986
7. Libia/Libya - site of an ongoing civil war
8. Fukushima - Japanese nuclear power plant
9. William & Kate - Newly-named Duke and Duchess of Cambridge
10. Gadafi - Libyan political leader
Pop culture
1. Rebecca Black - pop singer
2. Femme Fatale - newly-released Britney Spears album
3. Charlie Sheen - actor
4. #tigerblood - hashtag popularized by Charlie Sheen
5. Nate Dogg - rapper
6. Anderson Silva - Brazilian mixed martial artist
7. Tom & Jerry - famous cartoon
8. Mumford & Sons - British rock band
9. Bieber alert - referring to artist Justin Bieber
10. Queen Gaga - referring to artist Lady Gaga
What are some trends that you're surprised to see on the list? Are there any you're surprised didn't make the list?


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BPL Community Profile
Adam Criswell (macrophyllum) - BPL Forum Member
You cannot send this user a personal message (PM) because they have not specified a PM email address yet.
All Forum Posts by Adam Criswell
zpacks vs HMG
I'll throw in here, I am the Adam who Jacob mentioned. In my experience the arc blast is fine if you keep it under 25 lbs, over that for any length of time and it starts to hurt in the shoulder...
new zpacks pack: the arc blast
Just to add my $.02, I have a new (received in September) Arc Blast and I have had no issue with the linelocks slipping and the arc not staying arced.
Rae Lakes Loop
Thanks Guys, Steven, I don't have their contact info but I did give them my blog address, hopefully they will contact me. They took a few pictures of me as well. Jeff, I am shooting with...
North Rim and Long Range Traverse Gros Morne National Park Newfoundland
Wow, that looks awesome! My wife is from Newfoundland and she keeps telling me about Gros Morne, definitely going to have to make a trip up there.
Rae Lakes Loop
Just finished a nice walk of the Rae Lakes Loop. The full trip report can be found at: Rae Lakes Loop If you don't want to click the link and just want the executive summary here it i...
Trinity Alps Trip over Labor Day
A little delayed getting this trip report up. Nice three day weekend in the Trinity Alps on the Canyon Creek Trail. Report on my blog
Mt Shasta Circumnavigation
Nicely done guys, that looks like rough going!
Emigrant Wilderness With Light Packs - Group BPL Trip
Thanks Andrew, I did a brief trip report on my blog. You can find the sunrise photo there, feel free to use it as a background. http://danceswithangiosperms.blogspot.com/
Emigrant Wilderness With Light Packs - Group BPL Trip
Really great trip, thanks for organizing Andrew. My feet were definitely complaining but my soul was refreshed, a good trade off I think. A few more pictures: Jack doing emergency repair ...
All Reader Reviews by Adam Criswell
Showing 1 - 4 of 4 | Page: 1
Sea to Summit Nano Pyramid Net
I reviewed the Sea to Summit Nano Pyramid bug net on my blog: Sea to Summit Nano Net Review
ZPacks Hexamid Solo Tarp
I posted a review of the Zpacks Hexamid tarp on my blog. Check out the full review here: Zpacks Hexamid Review
Zpacks Arc Blast 60 liter
At the risk of sounding lazy, check out my review of the Arc Blast on my blog.I will be updating it periodically.
Western Mountaineering The Company
I was puzzled about the lack of contact information but after about 5 minutes of searching online I found all I needed. I had a small tear in my summerlite that needed repairing. When I called them up...


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FWE - Food Warming Equipment PH-1826-14220 DescriptionSKU: 219-PH182614220
Heater-Proofer Cabinet, mobile, half-height, insulated, two section, humi-temp heat system w/eye level controls, individual proofer controls, 10 pr removable rod type slides 4.5" OC, 20-gauge stainless steel exterior with 22-gauge stainless steel interior construction, 220v/50-60/1-ph.
*The warranty will not be honored for residential or non-commercial use of any Commercial Equipment.
FWE - Food Warming Equipment PH-1826-14220 Specifications
|FWE - Food Warming Equipment


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Mophie is my best friend at #SXSW
:: Wednesday, March 14th, 2012 @ 6:44:28 pm
:: Tags: iphone, Mobile, SXSW
Yesterday, I heard a story about an Uber pedicab driver here at SXSW who was making a lot in tips by pedaling people around and letting them charge their devices via USB battery. Conferences like SXSW chew up mobile device batteries because people are Tweeting and using apps all day long, without any real opportunity to charge up during the day. One of our Lytro team members was so desperate that she climbed over the counter at a bar to charge her iPhone up.
I've been going to a lot of conferences lately, and finally bought a Mophie Juice Pack Plus because it's more convenient than using an external battery and cable.
It's awesome. It will more than charge up an iPhone from empty, which means that you can share it with your friends as they need power. Also, it is strangely satisfying to hold a larger mobile device. I actually find the iPhone (4S) more comfortable to use with the Mophie case than without. Highly recommended. The Juice Pack Air is even smaller and cheaper, but has a battery with 25% less charge capacity (people say that the Air won't quite charge an iPhone from empty to full).


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Black History-UW Athletics
African-American Badger Pioneers
African-American Pioneers by Sport 1900-1970
Articles on UW Aftrican-American Athletic History
Documents on Aftrican-American UW Athletic History
UW Athletes Record Historic Moments
UW Black History Bios
UW's Black History Photo Gallery
Big Ten Black History Celebration
For many years the schools in the Big Ten observed an unofficial "gentleman's agreement" not to play African-Americans in varsity basketball. The conference's color line was not broken for good until Indiana suited up All-American center Bill Garrett from 1948-50. During the following decade, the other schools in the Big Ten added black players to their rosters. In the 1958/59 season, Jim Biggs and Ivan Jefferson were the first African-Americans to represent Wisconsin on the hardwood. Jefferson, who had captained the freshman squad in 1957/58, played only one year for the Badgers, but Biggs remained on the team for three seasons.
On UW's first road trip in the winter of 1958, Biggs and Jefferson suffered the indignity of not being allowed to stay at a hotel with their teammates prior to a game against Rice University in Houston, Texas. When the squad returned to Madison, the trip's Jim Crow accommodations became a cause celebre, and, soon after, the athletic board adopted a resolution requiring that road games be played only in cities where the entire team could stay under one roof.
African-American athletes quickly made their presence felt on UW basketball teams, and black players have routinely starred for the Badgers since Biggs' and Jefferson's trailblazing season.
2015 Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System. All rights reserved worldwide.
Contact Us | Problems or accessibility issues: email@example.com


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Good morning: 15+ things to know for Thursday
Your daily look at late-breaking news, upcoming events and the stories that will be talked about today:
1. OBAMA TURNS TO BUDGET EXPERT FOR CABINET PICK: Chief of staff Jack Lew would become Treasury Secretary as the administration braces for Republican battles over national debt.
2. WHITE HOUSE REACHES OUT TO GUN OWNERS: Vice President Joe Biden meets with sportsmen and the National Rifle Association as he develops Obama's gun control plan.
3. THE MOST DANGEROUS NATION: A study says more Americans die of violent deaths than in any other wealthy country in the world.
4. INDIA GANG RAPE SUSPECTS GO TO COURT: A lawyer says police beat the five men charged with the assault and killing of a young woman aboard a moving bus.
5. INAUGURATION SEATS FOR THE HIGHEST BIDDER: Tickets for Obama's swearing-in are being peddled on eBay and Craigslist for up to $2,000 apiece.
6. TROOP DEPLOYMENT KEY TO U.S.-AFGHANISTAN TALKS: How many soldiers are needed to protect diplomats will be a likely topic as Hillary Rodham Clinton meets with Afghan President Hamid Karzai.
7. PASSENGERS THROWN FROM FERRY IN NYC CRASH: At least 70 people were hurt when the Seastreak Wall Street slammed into a lower Manhattan dock.
8. WILL IT BE THE DOG, THE SHOE OR THE THIMBLE: Hasbro is holding a Facebook contest to eliminate one of the eight Monopoly player tokens and introduce another one.
9. STEROIDS CAST A LONG SHADOW: For only the second time in four decades, no player is selected for baseball's Hall of Fame.
10. WHO'S ON THE LIST FOR HOLLYWOOD'S BIGGEST NIGHT: "Lincoln," ''Zero Dark Thirty" and "Les Miserables" are all favorites to become multiple Oscar nominees at 8:38 a.m.
1. SEX TRAFFICKER GETS LIFE IN PRISON: Van Lawson Williams, a convicted Florida sex trafficker who recruited runaway teenagers to work as prostitutes, has been sentenced to life in federal prison.
2. BROWARD CONSIDERS NAME CHANGE TO FORT LAUDERDALE: Some tourism officials are suggesting that Broward County change its name to Fort Lauderdale County to capitalize on the international fame of its largest city. A panel is set to discuss the topic Thursday morning.
3. SALAZAR EXPECTED AT FLORIDA EVERGLADES CONFERENCE: Interior Secretary Ken Salazar is expected to join Everglades activists, elected officials and business leaders to discuss state and federal restoration projects. The three-day Everglades Coalition Conference opens Thursday in Coral Gables.
4. FLORIDA SCHOOLS 6TH IN EDUCATION WEEK RANKINGS: Florida's public schools are sixth in Education Week's annual rankings this year after falling out of the top 10 last year. Florida dropped from fifth to 11th last year largely due to weaker student performance and spending cuts.
5. FORMER MIAMI MAYOR NAMED DORAL CITY MANAGER: Doral city commissioners unanimously agreed to hire former Miami Mayor Joe Carolla as city manager on Wednesday night. Carolla, who lost a reelection bid for mayor in 2001, will earn $144,000 a year.
■ TODAY AND EVERY DAY: Click here for links to recent arrest reports and mug shots in Collier and Lee counties.
Subscribe to the Naples Daily News
Need Help? Call us at 1-888-878-6842.
Monday-Friday: 6am-6pm / Saturday: 7am-3pm / Sunday: 7am-2pm


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BYERS – Neale Byers, 78, formerly of Los Alamos, passed away Sunday, Dec. 9, 2007, in Arvada, Colo., from complications of lymphoma. He was the only son of Ellis and Lucille Byers, longtime residents of Los Alamos. The Byers family moved to Los Alamos from Illinois in 1945. Neale attended high school in Los Alamos, graduating in 1948. He was a graduate of the University of Northern Colorado in 1953. He served in the U.S. Army from 1953 to 1955. Neale was a member of the Engineering department at Los Alamos National laboratory for 38 years.Neale is survived by his wife Helen of 51 years who resides in Arvada, Colo.; son, Mark Byers and wife Jolene and their sons Daniel and Timothy of Los Alamos, N.M.; daughter, Cheri Vikdal and husband Michael and their son, Austin and daughter, Alyn of Arvada, Colo. Neale was loved and cherished by many other family and friends and will be missed dearly. Funeral service will be held at 11 a.m. Thursday, Dec. 13, 2007, in the Sangre de Cristo Chapel of DeVargas Funeral Home at 623 N. Railroad Avenue, Espaola, New Mexico. Burial will follow at Guaje Pines Cemetery in Los Alamos, New Mexico.The family of Neale Byers has entrusted his funeral arrangements to DeVargas Funeral Home of the Espaola Valley. 505-747-7477 or www.devargasfuneral.com.
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Easy Potato and Corn Chowder - Crock Pot
Total Time
Prep 5 mins
Cook 6 hrs
This is a chowder that uses ingredients that I almost always have on hand, so it is quick and easy to throw together before work, and come home to on a nice fall evening. Relatively easy to double as well for extra large families or get togethers.
Ingredients Nutrition
- 1 (16 ounce) bag frozen hash brown potatoes, thawed
- 1 (15 1/4 ounce) can whole kernel corn, undrained
- 1 (14 3/4 ounce) can cream-style corn
- 1 (12 ounce) can evaporated milk
- 1 medium onion, chopped
- 8 slices bacon, cooked and crumbled
- 1⁄2 teaspoon salt
- 1⁄2 teaspoon Worcestershire sauce
- 1⁄4 teaspoon pepper
- Mix all ingredients together in crock pot and cook for 6-8 hours on low.
- Serving Suggestion: Top bowls of chowder with a little extra crumbled bacon and a little shredded cheese. Yum!
Most Helpful
Very good.
I used frozen shopeg and yellow corn vs the 1 can of regular corn, but did use the cream corn as well.
Added milk and half and half combo vs evaporated which I am not a fan of.Also added a bit of vegetable broth to thin the chowder out a bit.
More seasoning was needed for
me and I added quite a few scallions for color as well as for flavor.
I did garnish with bacon and grated white cheddar.
Thx for a nice easy recipe.
One quick note:
Made again for a friend ... the type of crock pot will matter. My older one took 6 hours, my new crock which I used the batch I just took to a friend cooks much hotter. 4 hrs was plenty, 6 would of been dried out.
This looks way better in the picture than it did in my crock pot. The flavor just isn't there either. I'm glad other people like it, but we don't. Sorry.
Very yummy even my picky husband ate a bowl. The reason people had bad results w/ consistency is they used the frozen corn need to use canned corn...I really loved it and plan to make again soon


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In an unusual move in the highly commercialized sports market, the city council of Irving, Texas, voted on Dec. 31 to award naming rights to the demolition of Texas Stadium to Kraft Foods Global. The city council says the partnership, nicknamed "The Cheddar Explosion," will yield $1 million in promotional value for the city. Kraft agreed to pay $75,000 for the naming rights and provide an additional $75,000 in products to local food banks. Weir Bros. Inc., a Dallas-based contractor, received a notice to proceed on the demolition project on Oct. 20, 2009. The implosion of the stadium is tentatively scheduled for March, pending completion of asbestos abatement, and the $5.8-million job is expected to be completed by July 22.
Texas Stadium To End in 'Cheddar Explosion'
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At Pandora, we're a unique collection of engineers, musicians, designers, marketers, and world-class sellers with a common goal: to enrich lives by delivering effortless personalized music enjoyment and discovery. Peopleâthe listeners, the artists, and our employeesâare8/16/2015 Oakland, CA Save This Job
Zendesk is a fast growing web-based software company. Along with a full scale customer engagement and support product, Zendesk provides a Platform. Our Platform as we define it, is composed of: Over 400 different REST APIs and various API clients, A full fledged Apps Framework10/6/2015 San Francisco, CA Save This Job
Job Title: QA Automation Lead/Manager Department: Engineering Location: Palo Alto, CA Summary: We are seeking a highly motivated individual passionate about playing a critical role in our QA organization. You will be responsible for testing and validating all aspects of the10/1/2015 Palo Alto, CA Save This Job
SAN FRANCISCOENGINEERINGFULL-TIME APPLY TO THIS JOB Handle production-related issues, including triage of our API using metrics and live database access. Performance optimization of a multithreaded asynchronous API layer built using internal services and databases provided by9/30/2015 San Francisco, CA Save This Job
Opportunity Bring your experience in functionality testing, build verification testing and regression testing to Healthline.com, a fast growing health technology information portal in San Francisco. Responsibilities Perform black box and white box testing on our health9/25/2015 San Francisco, CA Save This Job
Software Engineering Alameda, California Job ID:14006 Description About 247 Service Delivery The 247 Service Delivery Applications team builds world-class mobile, web, and speech recognition applications, as well as framework components. Our mission is to improve the customer9/24/2015 Alameda, CA Save This Job
Quality Assurance Campbell, California Job ID:13991 Description About 247 Self-Service This position is within the Self Service Engineering department. Our role is to execute on the product strategy and roadmap for automating multi-modal customer service interactions available9/24/2015 Campbell, CA Save This Job
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Description About 247 Service Delivery The 247 Service Delivery Applications team builds world-class mobile, web, and speech recognition applications, as well as framework components. Our mission is to improve the customer service experience for millions of consumers who9/24/2015 Alameda, CA Save This Job
San Jose, CAFull-time Company Description We have built a unique visual employee engagement platform that is transforming the way companies do business and increasing our customer?s bottom-line. Hoopla TV is a visual employee engagement app that connects, motivates and inspires9/24/2015 San Jose, CA Save This Job
Product Marketing Palo Alto, California Description Telerik Platform: Product Marketing Manager, Senior We are looking for a proven, innovative product marketing professional to help us design and execute the go to market strategy for the Telerik Platform solution. The Senior9/23/2015 Palo Alto, CA Save This Job
Marketing Palo Alto, CA Apply Now Send Jobvite Venafi, the Immune System for the Internet, is the market leading cybersecurity company in Next-Generation Trust Protection (NGTP). As a Gartner-recognized Cool Vendor, Venafi delivered the first trust protection platform to secure9/22/2015 Palo Alto, CA Save This Job
San Francisco, CA, US From the hiring manager: Future Twilion, This is Emerald from the BDR team at Twilio, and I?m the hiring manager for this role. Prior to that, I was a BDR for 18 months. I loved every minute of the program, and am excited that you?re considering joining9/21/2015 San Francisco, CA Save This Job
Community Operations Mountain View, CA Coursera is an educational technology platform that serves the best courses from top universities to millions of learners. We embrace learning at scale: our platform features massive courses taught to thousands of students, automated and9/21/2015 Mountain View, CA Save This Job
San Francisco, CA, US As Twilio's customer and engineering teams grow, we need an experienced technical product and program manager to help define services and tools to support our globally distributed multi-cloud infrastructure. About the job: We are looking for someone who is9/21/2015 San Francisco, CA Save This Job
San Francisco, CA, US The API Tools team?s mission is to delight developers by seamlessly integrating Twilio into the toolchains they are familiar with and reducing the effort and time it takes to debug, test and ship production software. About the job: Not every developer can9/21/2015 San Francisco, CA Save This Job
Description: Lead, design, implementation and integration of PC, Mobile and Server applications for R&D and End users costumers. Requirements: ? Software Engineering / Computer Science degree. ? Several years of hands-on experience on C# and .Net framework. ? Several years of9/21/2015 Santa Clara, CA Save This Job
Location: Redwood City, CA Type: Full-time Time frame: Immediate About QuanticMind QuanticMind, the Platform for Smarter Advertising, is a rapidly growing software-as-a-service company. It is the performance leader in predictive advertising management software for paid9/21/2015 Redwood City, CA Save This Job


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Around Town: Eagle Lakes is finally going to get a community center
There are always a lot of good news items to talk about these days. To start off, the community center at Eagle Lakes Community Park is going to be a reality.
It has been 6 long years of fighting to get this much needed center built for the children of East Naples. Right now, Eagle Lakes is the only community park in Collier County without a community center. This will be a great place where after school programs and summer programs can be held. Plus, a park superintendent will be stationed at the park. Right now there is no adult supervision there because they have no place to set up an office or offer programs.
By the way, the Marco Island YMCA has offered to oversee the after school program and the summer programs, thanks to a grant they received from the Naples Winter Wine Festival. Now, if we could only have a pool built like they have in Golden Gate and another in Immokalee, they could teach these children how to swim as well. Who knows? Maybe somewhere along the line we will find some grant money, or even a donor or 10 who would like to help get that pool built for these kids. Right now they have no place to keep them busy and off the streets.
With six elementary schools and two middle schools in East Naples, we have lots and lots of kids, and most in the underprivileged, or free lunch, category. I've been told that we now have the money from a grant to build the center, but it will still take two years. Hopefully we can speed that up a lot. We'll see.
• There is always more information than space, so here are just a few other things I wanted to talk about. I want to mention the openings for advisory committees that I hope people will be interested in applying for. The closing date to apply is April 26.
There are vacancies needing to be filled on the Airport Authority Advisory Board, the Animal Services Advisory Board, the Bayshore/Gateway Triangle Local Redevelopment Advisory Board, and the Parks and Recreation Advisory Board, to name a few.
If anyone is interested, please call Ian Mitchell at 252 8097 and ask for an application, or go to www.colliergov.net for advisory committee information.
• Well, look here. I've talked so much about these exciting things, that I only have a little space left to start to tell you about the exciting things taking place on Bayshore Drive and in the Triangle, so I'll just write a little and follow up with more in the next column.
1. A landowner is considering a new construction project for a 6-unit office building fronting Bayshore.
2. A local business owner has investigated several commercial lots for new construction as part of his business expansion.
3. Two new owner-operated businesses (automotive repair) opened up shop in an existing building at the intersection of Bayshore and Lunar Street.
4. Across the street, entrepreneurs renovated the old Ship's Inn into an owner-operated family-friendly restaurant. Good patronage so far.
5. 360 Market spent more than $1 million (land and renovation) to open this icon (the old Tipsy Seagull) on Bayshore Drive and create new jobs.
6. Sea Tech (marine electronics) completed its $119,500 build-out and is open for business, relocating all jobs from two other Naples locations to this area.
Connect with Donna Fiala at email@example.com.


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Minnesota Gophers Military Night
Friday, October 26, 2012 was Military Appreciation night as the MN Gophers squared off against the U18 National team at 7pm. The Gophers recognized several military families from MN during the event.
DTBL provided Youth Flag Captains, and an Honorary Puck Drop Family for this event.
The U also held a silent auction for DTBL and an equipment drive. Additionally, DTBL was honored to have former Gopher Alumni and NHLer's Brian Bonin and Robb Stauber signing autographs at our DTBL booth.
Thank you to the MN Gophers for $40,000 in donations from the game event.
Watch the video of the game and event here...


text:
Haverhill, Massachusetts
This iReport is part of an assignment:
Loving and losing a dog: Your tributes
"My bestest boy"
- dsashin, CNN iReport producer
He was named Dickens because he was whelped on Christmas Day & "A Christmas Carol" is one of my favorite stories. He loved getting his presents on Christmas morning, sticking his blocky head into the gift bags & removing the tissue paper one piece at a time until he reached the bag of treats or - HEAVEN! - a stuffed toy to disembowel in less than 10 minutes.
He was mischievous & an inveterate food thief who had a taste for pizza "bones", jalapenos & pepper jack cheese. He once ran away from me at Crane Beach in Ipswich, MA - running down the entire length of the beach & back in pure canine joyous abandon. In puppyhood, he destroyed half of my baseball cap collection & I walked around with no insoles in my shoes for 2 years. He was also the most loving soul I have ever met, my boon companion whether we were being couch potatoes together or going away for a few days.
Dickens lived the last several years with a number of medical problems including a stroke in his spine & Addison's disease. In July, 2010, I was told he had advanced kidney disease & that the outlook wasn't good. Part of me hoped that he would pass away peacefully in his sleep so I wouldn't have to make the hardest decision of my life. Did I mention he was stubborn? My bestest boy hung in there to get through his 11th birthday and about 2 weeks later, I sat on the floor by his side, whispering "Thank you, buddy" into his ear as he took his last breath.
I have his ashes. They will be buried with me.
Erinhill's Christmas Carol "Dickens" 12/25/99-1/11/11
What do you think of this story?
iReport welcomes a lively discussion, so comments on iReports are not pre-screened before they post. See the iReport community guidelines for details about content that is not welcome on iReport.


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An Ultra-Orthodox Jewish man selects the Matzoth or unleavened bread... Fotografia de notíciasAdulto,Escolher,Homens,Horizontal,Jerusalém,Judaísmo Haredi,Pão,Pão matzo,Pão sem Fermento,ReligiãoPhotographer MENAHEM KAHANACollection: AFP 2013 AFPAn Ultra-Orthodox Jewish man selects the Matzoth or unleavened bread after it was baked on March 19, 2013, in Jerusalem. Religious Jews throughout the world eat matzoth during the eight-day Pesach holiday (Passover), which begins on March 25, with the sunset to commemorate the Israelis' exodus from Egypt some 3,500 years ago and commemorate their ancestors' plight by refraining from eating leavened food products. AFP PHOTO/MENAHEM KAHANA (Photo credit should read MENAHEM KAHANA/AFP/Getty Images)


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In search of the man that ROCKS MY WORLD....in a good way! I know the headline sounds a little cheesy but it's just the truth! I am a good woman, told that I am very attractive (I know, but Mom's opinion doesn't count), very self reliant and low maintenance, successful and talented. So what's the problem you ask? That's a very good question! I think I am a terrific catch. I think the problem may be that I am "too much" for most men. If you are secure within yourself, we will probably get along just fine. I am very active and love to ride and show my horses I also love to snow ski, ride my bike and work around the farm. I have a lot of energy and my man should be the same. Yes, I know, at this age we all slow down, me included, but if you have a high energy level, that would be great! I feel and look great for my age and would attribute that to my active lifestyle. I am also a musician so if you like Bluegrass, that would be a plus. If you like what you've read so far and you think we would make a "cute" couple, please feel free to write and we can see where it goes
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Book your room at The Westin Westminster
Room, Mountain ViewMax Occupancy: 2 guests (up to 1 child)
Room, Mountain ViewMax Occupancy: 4 guests (up to 3 children)
Get an overview of this hotelPet-friendly hotel between Denver and Boulder
By ice rink and lake
Adjacent to the Westminster Promenade Lake and Sun Microsystems Ice Centre, this hotel is located on the Boulder Turnpike, 5 miles from the Interlocken Business Park.
The Westin Kids Club offers a variety of activities for children, pets are pampered with bedding and bowls, and adults enjoy a fitness center, indoor lap pool, and spa tub.
Everything Heavenly
The Westin Westminster has 369 guestrooms with mountain or park views. Rooms have Heavenly Beds and Baths; Heavenly Cribs, and Heavenly Dog Beds are available upon request.Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
This hotel in Westminster features an indoor lap pool and terrace, the "Sunset Deck," which includes a spa tub, fireplace, lounge chairs, and mountain views. The fitness center, located next to the pool, offers cardio equipment, free weights, a sauna, and locker rooms with showers.
In addition to a 24-hour business center, guests at The Westin Westminster have access to high-speed wireless Internet (complimentary) and high-speed teleconferencing (surcharge). Meeting facilities include a 12,000-square-foot ballroom with a courtyard view; Lakeview Pavilion, whose deck overlooks Promenade Lake; and the Westminster Conference Center, offering 18 function rooms and 30,000 square feet of outdoor event space.
Pet owners appreciate the Heavenly Pet program, which provides everything from leashes to lounging mats. The Westin Kids Club is a family-friendly program that caters to infants as well as children through age 12, and includes provisions such as the Heavenly Crib.
The Westin Westminster also offers complimentary shuttle service to and from local destinations, including the FlatIrons Crossing Shopping District, Westminster Mall, and Interlocken business park.
- Coffee/tea in lobby
- Snack bar/deli
- Coffee shop or café
- Indoor pool
- Spa treatment room(s)
- Sauna
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Fitness facilities
- Bar/lounge
- Breakfast available (surcharge)
- Restaurant
- Conference space
- Meeting rooms
- Multilingual staff
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- 24-hour front desk
- Porter/bellhop
- Total number of rooms - 369
- Number of floors - 14
- ATM/banking
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Fireplace in lobby
- Library
- Picnic area
- Elevator/lift
- Smoke-free property
- Concierge services
- Express check-in
- Express check-out
- Gift shops or newsstand
- Computer station
- Free WiFi
- Valet parking (surcharge)
- Rooftop terrace
- Terrace
- Luggage storage
- Free self parking
- Year Built 2000
- Free area shuttle
- 24-hour business center
- Conference space size (feet) - 30000
- Conference space size (meters) - 2787
- Number of meeting rooms - 19
- Conference center
- Free RV, bus, truck parking
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
Family Friendly Amenities
- Family Hotel
- Indoor pool
- Free Wi-Fi
- Rollaway/extra beds available
- Soundproofed rooms
- Area shuttle (complimentary)
- Snack bar/deli
- Refrigerator (on request)
- Microwave (on request)
- Cribs/infant beds (complimentary)
Available in all rooms: Wireless internet access (10.95 USD per 24 hours surcharge), Wired high-speed Internet access (surcharge)
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Free self parking, Valet parking (surcharge), Free RV, bus, truck parking
Room Amenities
- Premium TV channels
- Video-game console
- Pay movies
- Hypo-allergenic bedding available
- Premium bedding
- Room service (24 hours)
- Air conditioning
- Soundproofed rooms
- Climate control
- Free weekday newspaper
- Phone
- Minibar
- Coffee/tea maker
- Free bottled water
- Microwave (on request)
- Daily housekeeping
- Designer toiletries
- Private bathroom
- Bathrobes
- Free toiletries
- Hair dryer
- Shower/tub combination
- Satellite TV service
- Iron/ironing board
- In-room safe
- Desk
- Pillowtop mattress
- Rollaway/extra beds available
- Refrigerator (on request)
- Blackout drapes/curtains
- In-room massage available
- Egyptian-cotton sheets
- Connecting/adjoining rooms available
- Free cribs/infant beds
- Flat-panel TV
- WiFi (surcharge)
- Wired high-speed Internet access (surcharge)
Where to Eat
Kachina Grill - Open for breakfast, lunch, and dinner this restaurant specializes in fare featuring Colorado cuisine and classic American dishes with Southwestern influences. Cocktails. Happy Hour. Reservations recommended.
Starbucks - This kiosk located in the lobby serves coffees, teas, pastries, snacks and light bites. Open daily.
Nearby Activities
On its second level, the hotel features an indoor lap pool and the outdoor "Sunset Deck," a terrace that includes a spa tub, fireplace, lounge chairs, and mountain views. The fitness center, located next to the pool, offers cardio equipment, free weights, a sauna, and locker rooms with showers. Massage therapy is available at the fitness center or in guestrooms.
The Westin Westminster is across the street from the Sun Microsystems Ice Centre, which features three arenas, and adjacent to the Westminster City Park, which includes a 45-mile system of running and biking trails, a recreation center with a track and climbing wall, and a soccer pitch where the Colorado Rapids Major League Soccer team practices.
Tee times are available at a number of area golf courses. Among them: Legacy Ridge, located less than two miles east of the hotel, and Heritage at Westmoor, located three miles northwest.
The recreational activities listed below are available either on site or near the hotel; fees may apply.
- Golfing nearby
- Downhill skiing nearby
- Cross-country skiing nearby
- Snowboarding nearby
- Snowmobiling nearby
- Snowshoeing nearby
- Sailing nearby
- Water skiing nearby
- Rafting nearby
- Personal motorized watercraft on site
- Bicycle rentals nearby
- Hiking/biking trails nearby
- Skydiving nearby
To make requests for specific accessibility needs, complete the "Special or Accessibility Requests" section of "Trip Preferences" when you book your hotel.
- In-room accessibility
- Roll-in shower
Hotel Policies
Check-in time starts at 3 PM
Minimum check-in age is 21
Check-out time is noon
Payment types
Pets allowed, Only dogs are allowed, Maximum number of pets per room 1, Pet maximum weight in lb is 40
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
Service animals exempt from fees/restrictions
- Fee for in-room wireless Internet: USD 10.95 (for 24 hours, rates may vary)
- Valet parking fee: USD 10.00 per night (in/out privileges)
- Late check-out fee: USD 10.00/hr
We should mention
Children 18 years old and younger stay free when occupying the parent or guardian's room, using existing bedding. The property has connecting/adjoining rooms, which are subject to availability and can be requested by contacting the property using the number on the booking confirmation.


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The super savory ground beef lunch special at Sandy's Cuban Cafe is served on Fridays with a choice of two sides.
Guests at Sandy's Cuban Cafe can sit at a table or the small bar for faster service.
Tamales are a staple part of the lunch menu at Sandy's Cuban Cafe.
Local Naples photographer Dennis Goodman, who is a Sandy's Cuban Cafe regular enjoys the Wednesday special, chicken fricassee.
Breakfast pastries are a sweet treat at Sandy's Cuban Cafe, which opens at 7 a.m.
One of the biggest draws to Sandy's Cuban Cafe are the daily lunch specials, many of which are featured in a hot food display case.
Sandy's Cuban Cafe is a cute, friendly place popular with repeat customers, some of whom eat there every day.
The café con leche is a must have after a spicy meal at Sandy's Cuban Cafe in East Naples.
The lunch specials which vary every day, including a meal for $5.95 brings frugal, hungry customers through the door at Sandy's Cuban Cafe.
Sandy's Cuban Cafe is a great little gem on Airport-Pulling Road in East Naples.


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Lipid droplets are a class of eukaryotic cell organelles for storage of neutral fat such as triacylglycerol (TAG) and cholesterol ester (CE). We and others have recently reported that lysosome-related organelles (LROs) are not fat storage structures in the nematode C. elegans. We also reported the formation of enlarged lipid droplets in a class of peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation mutants. In the present study, we seek to provide further evidence on the organelle nature and biophysical properties of fat storage structures in wild-type and mutant C. elegans.
In this study, we provide biochemical, histological and ultrastructural evidence of lipid droplets in wild-type and mutant C. elegans that lack lysosome related organelles (LROs). The formation of lipid droplets and the targeting of BODIPY fatty acid analogs to lipid droplets in live animals are not dependent on lysosomal trafficking or peroxisome dysfunction. However, the targeting of Nile Red to lipid droplets in live animals occurs only in mutants with defective peroxisomes. Nile Red labelled-lipid droplets are characterized by a fluorescence emission spectrum distinct from that of Nile Red labelled-LROs. Moreover, we show that the recently developed post-fix Nile Red staining method labels lipid droplets exclusively.
Our results demonstrate lipid droplets as ubiquitous fat storage organelles and provide a unified explanation for previous studies on fat labelling methods in C. elegans. These results have important applications to the studies of fat storage and lipid droplet regulation in the powerful genetic system, C. elegans.
Lipid droplets are defined as a class of organelles for storing neutral fat such as triacylglycerol (TAG) and cholesterol ester (CE) in eukaryotes [1,2]. Lipid droplets are spherical structures delimited by a phospholipid monolayer [3] that is coated by various proteins including Adipophilin, Perilipin, and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) [4-6]. The size and content of lipid droplets can be dynamically regulated by both metabolic pathways and coat proteins. Studies of how lipid droplets are regulated will undoubtedly yield key insights into the understanding of obesity, diabetes, and other metabolic diseases [1,2].
The nematode C. elegans has emerged as an important model to study fat metabolism. In C. elegans, the majority of fat is stored in gut epithelial cells. However, the organelle nature and biophysical properties of fat storage structures are not fully defined. The putative fat storage structures have been given different names such as gut granules or lysosome-related organelles (LROs) [7], vesicles distinct from lysosome-related organelles [8], and lipid droplets [9-11]. These names reflect the different approaches to and current insufficient understanding of C. elegans fat storage structures. Vital labelling with Nile Red or a BODIPY fatty acid analog (BODIPY in abbreviation) was introduced as a proxy for qualitative and quantitative measurement of fat in C. elegans [12]. Vital Nile Red and vital BODIPY co-label a population of structures in gut epithelial cells, except that BODIPY but not Nile Red weakly labels extra structures in gut epithelial cells and strongly labels structures in hypodermal cells [13]. Because vital staining is conducive to screening and live imaging, it has been widely used to screen for fat storage mutants and to measure fat levels in C. elegans [14-18]. However, vital Nile Red-labelled structures were recently shown to be LROs in the study of a class of glo mutants [7]. In the glo mutants, Nile Red staining and LROs were lost. However, quantitative TAG measurement by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed that fat levels were unaltered [19]. Moreover, a recent study also suggested that Nile Red-labelled structures and the majority of BODIPY-labelled structures were LROs [8]. This recent study and another study [20] demonstrated that vital Nile Red and vital BODIPY staining intensities did not necessarily correlate with fat levels measured by GC-MS in mutants previously studied. Instead, post-fix Oil-Red-O [8] and post-fix Nile Red [20] staining intensities correlated more closely with biochemically verified fat levels. The underlying principles of the two recent staining approaches are unknown. But they both relied on fixation of animals.
In a previous report, we showed lipid droplet expansion in a class of peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation mutants: maoc-1, dhs-28, and daf-22 [21]. MAOC-1/hydratase, DHS-28/dehydrogenase, and DAF-22/thiolase carry out three successive reactions in the peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation pathway. Here, we report that 1) wild-type C. elegans has lipid droplets that display the same fluorescence, density, and ultrastructural properties as enlarged lipid droplets in peroxisomal β-oxidation mutants. 2) Lipid droplets in wild-type animals are vital-labelled weakly by BODIPY but not by Nile Red, while LROs are vital-labelled strongly by both. 3) Lipid droplets in peroxisomal β-oxidation mutants can be vital-labelled by Nile Red. 4) Nile Red-labelled lipid droplets can be distinguished from LROs by a distinct fluorescence emission spectrum. 5) The post-fix Nile Red staining approach labels lipid droplets solely. These results demonstrate the complexity of lipophilic dye trafficking in gut epithelial cells and should lay down a foundation for future studies of lipid droplets in C. elegans.
Both LROs and lipid droplets can be vital-labelled by BODIPY fatty acid analogs
To investigate whether vital staining by Nile Red or BODIPY could label both LROs and lipid droplets, we grew wild-type and glo-4(ok623) animals on OP50 E. coli diet supplemented with Nile Red or BODIPY. glo-4 encodes a putative guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for the GLO-1 Rab GTPase. glo-1 and glo-4 mutants lacked LROs [7]. Consistent with a previous report [7], there was no detectable Nile Red-labelled structure in glo-4 mutants (Figure 1A and 1B). Using the same imaging parameters, no autofluorescence was detected in either wild-type or glo-4 animals that were not vital-stained with Nile Red (Figure 1C and 1D). These results support the idea that Nile Red labels LROs only. In contrast, we observed in gut epithelial cells of wild-type animals two populations of BODIPY-labelled structures, one with high fluorescence intensity and the other with lower fluorescence intensity (Figure 1E). In glo-4 mutants, the low-intensity population remained (Figure 1F), while the high-intensity population (Figure 1E) and LRO-specific autofluorescence [7] were lost (Figure 1G and 1H). These results suggest that the high-intensity BODIPY structures are LROs while the low-intensity BODIPY structures are putative fat storage structures.
Figure 1. Different labelling properties of Nile Red and BODIPY in live animals. (A and B) Nile Red labelled intracellular structures in gut epithelial cells in wild-type (WT) animals but not in glo-4 mutants. Stained midlines were gut lumen (the same in other images if not otherwise indicated). (C and D) No autofluorescence in unstained wild-type or glo-4 animals was detected under the same Nile Red imaging condition. (E) BODIPY labelled a population of structures with high intensity (arrowheads) and labelled another population of structures with low intensity (white arrows) in gut epithelia cells in wild-type animals. (F) In glo-4 animals, only the low-intensity BODIPY structures remained in gut epithelial cells (arrows). Red arrows point to structures in hypodermal cells (E, F and J). (G and H) LRO-specific autofluorescence (arrows) was detected under the same BODIPY imaging condition in unstained wild-type animals but not in unstained glo-4 animals. (I and J) Nile Red and BODIPY labelled both enlarged lipid droplets (arrowheads) and putative small lipid droplets (white arrows) in live daf-22; glo-4 mutants. To better visualize Nile Red-stained structures, brightness of the original image (I, inset) was enhanced. All animals were late stage L4 if not other otherwise indicated. All images were 3-D projections of 9 μm confocal stacks. Gridlines, 10 μm.
To investigate whether the high-intensity BODIPY structures are LROs, we grew wild-type animals bearing a transgenic marker for LROs (hjIs9 [glo-1::gfp]) on OP50 diet supplemented with a red BODIPY fatty acid analog, BODIPY558/568-C12. Indeed, GLO-1::GFP encircled high-intensity red BODIPY structures (Additional File 1). This is consistent with a previous finding that the high-intensity green BODIPY signal co-localizes with lysoTracker, a marker for LROs [8]. However, red BODIPY also labelled GLO-1::GFP-negative structures, albeit with lower fluorescence intensity (Additional File 1). In peroxisomal β-oxidation mutants, enlarged lipid droplets which are GLO-1::GFP-negative, can be labelled by BODIPY [21]. Thus, the GLO-1::GFP-negative structures with low BODIPY intensity in wild-type animals may also be genuine fat storage structures, i.e., putative lipid droplets.
Additional file 1. Dual labelling of BODIPY in live animals. In live wild-type animals, red BODIPY labelled GLO-1::GFP-encircled LROs with high intensity (arrowheads). It also labelled non-GLO-1::GFP-encircled structures with low intensity (arrows). Images were single confocal slices.
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To confirm that bona fide neutral fat storage structures in live wild-type animals can be labelled by BODIPY, we adopted and modified previous differential centrifugation approaches [22,23] to partially isolate lipid droplets from dhs-28(hj8) and wild-type animals that were vital-labelled by BODIPY. This approach exploits the fact that lipid droplets have a lower density than water and most other intracellular organelles. Indeed, enlarged and small lipid droplets isolated from dhs-28 mutants were shown to be labelled by green BODIPY (Figure 2A-2C). Also, small putative lipid droplets isolated from wild-type animals were shown to be labelled by green BODIPY, albeit with low intensity (Figure 2D-2F). Similarly, enlarged lipid droplets isolated from dhs-28 were labelled by red BODIPY(Figure 2G-2I), and small putative lipid droplets isolated from wild-type animals were labelled by red BODIPY with low intensity (Figure 2J-2L). Furthermore, we prepared lipid droplet fraction and cytoplasmic fraction from dhs-28 mutant animals bearing the glo-1::gfp transgene (dhs-28;glo-1::gfp). Western blot experiments showed that the lipid droplet fraction had no detectable GLO-1::GFP protein, which was found predominantly in the cytoplasm fraction (Additional File 2). This result demonstrated that our biochemical approach could yield lipid droplet fractions devoid of LROs.
Figure 2. Isolation of lipid droplets from vital BODIPY-labelled animals. (A-C) Green BODIPY-labelled enlarged (arrowheads) and small (arrows) lipid droplets were isolated from dhs-28 mutants. (D-F) Green BODIPY-labelled small lipid droplets (arrows) were isolated from wild-type animals. Red BODIPY-labelled lipid droplets were isolated from dhs-28 mutants (G-I) and from wild-type animals (J-L). Images were taken on an inverted wide-field microscope.
Additional file 2. Isolated lipid droplets free of LRO marker protein GLO-1::GFP. Lipid droplet fraction and cytoplasm fraction were prepared from stage L4 dhs-28;glo-1::gfp animals. Triplicates. Fractions were probed for the presence of GLO-1::GFP protein using a GFP antibody. GLO-1::GFP (predicted MW, ~50 kD, arrow) was detected in cytoplasm fractions but not in lipid droplet fractions. Asterisk denotes a non-specific protein recognized by the GFP antibody that is present in wild-type control (WT).
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In peroxisomal β-oxidation mutants, lipid droplets can be vital-labelled by Nile Red and be distinguished from LROs by a distinct fluorescence spectrum
A previous report [24] and our unpublished observations (see below) demonstrated that Nile Red could vital-label enlarged lipid droplets and other small spherical structures in peroxisomal β-oxidation mutants. We have shown that although the loss of glo-4 function leads to a loss of LROs, it did not prevent the formation of enlarged lipid droplets in mutants with defective peroxisomes [21]. Interestingly, in daf-22; glo-4 double mutants, enlarged lipid droplets and small putative lipid droplets could be vital-labelled by Nile Red (Figure 1I) as well as by BODIPY (Figure 1J). It further supports the notion that, in contrast to lipid droplets in wild-type animals, lipid droplets in peroxisomal β-oxidation mutants can be vital-labelled by Nile Red.
Here, we sought to compare fluorescence properties of Nile Red-labelled LROs in wild-type animals and Nile Red-labelled lipid droplets and LROs in peroxisomal β-oxidation mutants. We scanned Nile Red emission spectra in wild-type and dhs-28 animals. In wild-type animals, all Nile Red-positive structures, i.e., LROs, displayed the same emission spectrum that peaked at 641 nm (Figure 3A, 3B and 3G). We classified these structures as "Spec-1". In contrast, in dhs-28 mutants, there were structures with a different spectrum that peaked at 631 nm and shouldered at 590 nm and 610 nm in addition to Spec-1s (Figure 3C, 3D and 3G). We classified these structures as "Spec-2". In wild-type and dhs-28 mutant animals, the Spec-1s were mostly smaller than 3 μm in diameter and encircled by the LRO marker GLO-1::GFP (Figure 3E and 3F). In dhs-28 mutant animals, the Spec-2s were rather heterogeneous in size, ranging from below 1 μm to 8 μm in diameter (Figure 3D and 3F). Importantly, all enlarged lipid droplets were Spec-2s (Figure 3D and 3F). Consistent with the notion that glo-4 encodes a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for GLO-1, GLO-1::GFP marking was lost in glo-4 mutants (Figure 3H and 3I). In daf-22;glo-4 double mutants, all Spec-1s were lost, while Spec-2s, i.e., enlarged lipid droplets and small putative lipid droplets, remained (Figure 3J).
Figure 3. Different fluorescence emission spectra of Nile Red-labelled LROs and lipid droplets. (A) Nile Red labelled structures in live wild-type animals as revealed by channel mode confocal images. (B) These labelled structures (pseudo-colored in red) displayed the same emission spectrum (Spec-1) as revealed by linearly un-mixing lambda mode confocal images. (C) Nile Red labelled structures in live dhs-28 mutants as revealed by channel mode confocal images. (D) Nile Red labelled both Spec-1 structures (pseudo-colored in red) and Spec-2 structures (pseudo-colored in green) in live dhs-28 mutants as revealed by linearly un-mixing lambda mode confocal images. Spec-2s included enlarged lipid droplets (arrowheads) and putative small lipid droplets (arrows). To aid visualization of Spec-2 structures, brightness of the original un-mixed image (inset) was enhanced. The same was applied to F and J. (E and F) Spec-1 structures were mostly marked by the LRO marker GLO-1::GFP (arrows). (G) Emission spectrum profiles of Spec-1s in wild-type and dhs-28 animals and Spec-2s in dhs-28 animals. Intensity values were normalized. (H and I) LRO-specific GLO-1::GFP structures were lost in glo-4 mutants. (J) In daf-22; glo-4 mutants, LRO-specific Spec-1s were lost while enlarged (arrowheads) and small (arrows) lipid droplets-specific Spec-2s remained. All images were single confocal slices. Scale bars, 10 μm.
We next sought to obtain vital Nile Red-stained subcellular structures using our differential centrifugation procedure. To this end, we grew dhs-28 mutants on 10-cm NGM/OP50 plates that were overlaid with Nile Red. We then prepared lipid droplet fractions from ~12,000 dhs-28 animals harvested from 10-cm NGM/OP50/Nile Red plates, and pelleted cytoplasmic membranous organelles that included LROs. As shown in Additional File 3, isolated membrane pellets displayed Spec-1 spectrum similar to Spec-1 in intact dhs-28 animals; and isolated lipid droplets displayed Spec-2 spectrum similar to Spec-2 in intact dhs-28 animals. For reasons currently unknown, we noted that dhs-28 animals grown and stained on 10-cm NGM/OP50/Nile Red plates displayed more prominent 590 nm and 610 nm peaks of Spec-2s than their counterparts that were grown and stained on 6-cm NGM/ OP50/Nile Red plates (compare Additional File 3 with Figure 3G).
Additional file 3. Distinct emission spectra of lipid droplets and membrane pellets isolated from dhs-28 animals that were vital-labelled by Nile Red. (A) In stage L4 dhs-28 animals that were grown and stained on 10-cm NGM/OP50/Nile Red plates, LROs displayed Spec-1 emission spectrum (pseudo-colored in red) and lipid droplets displayed Spec-2 (pseudo-colored in green). Similarly, membrane pellets (B) and lipid droplets (C) isolated biochemically from these dhs-28 animals displayed Spec-1 and Spec-2 respectively. (D) Emission spectrum profiles of Spec-1s (red line) and Spec-2s (green line) of intact dhs-28 animals and Spec-1s (dashed red line) and Spec-2s (dashed green line) of isolated membrane pellets and lipid droplets. Intensity values were normalized.
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We also probed whether red BODIPY had different fluorescence emission spectra when labelling LROs vs. lipid droplets. In dhs-28 mutant animals bearing GLO-1::GFP marker, both GFP-encircled LROs and non-GFP-encircled large lipid droplets displayed the same emission spectrum peaked at 577 nm and shouldered at 620-631 nm (Additional File 4). Thus, BODIPY labelling did not distinguish lipid droplets from LROs as Nile Red labelling did.
Additional file 4. The same fluorescence emission spectrum of BODIPY-labelled LROs and lipid droplets. In live dhs-28 mutants, red BODIPY labelled both lipid droplets and LROs (marked by GLO-1::GFP). However, red BODIPY displayed the same emission spectrum (colored in gold) in lipid droplets and LROs. LD, lipid droplet. Images were single confocal slices.
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We interpret these results as indicating that in wild-type C. elegans, lysosome related organelles (LROs) are vital-labelled by both BODIPY and Nile Red with high intensity. On the other hand, lipid droplets, the fat storage structures, can be vital-labelled by BODIPY with low intensity but not by Nile Red. Under special conditions such as peroxisomal β-oxidation dysfunction, lipid droplets can be labelled by Nile Red and be distinguished from LROs by a distinct fluorescence emission spectrum. Since in any situation, both BODIPY and Nile Red stain LROs strongly, fluorescence intensities of the two vital lipophilic dyes should be used with great caution as surrogates of intracellular fat levels.
Post-fix Nile Red staining labels lipid droplets solely
Recently, it was found that the intensities of post-fix Nile Red or Oil-Red-O staining correlated more closely with quantitative TAG measurements by GC-MS than the intensities of vital Nile Red or BODIPY staining [8,20]. However, the underlying principle of the post-fix staining as a better proxy of fat level is not clear. The post-fix approach involves permeating cell membrane and intracellular membrane with isopropanol and freeze-fracture. This treatment presumably allows direct penetration of the two dyes.
We hypothesized that the invasive manner in which Nile Red and Oil-Red-O were delivered allowed targeting of these dyes to lipid droplets that bypassed LROs. To test this hypothesis, we stained fixed wild-type and glo-4 animals with Nile Red. Consistent with a previous report [20], post-fix Nile Red staining labelled spherical structures in both wild-type and glo-4 animals (Figure 4A and 4C), which were not otherwise vital-labelled by Nile Red in glo-4 mutants (Figure 1B). More interestingly, spectral analyses of emission spectra of Nile Red in wild-type and glo-4 animals revealed that all labelled structures displayed the same Spec-2 property as that of lipid droplets in peroxisome mutants (Figure 4B, 4D and 4E). Moreover, post-fix Nile Red staining did not label any Spec-1 structures, i.e., LROs (Figure 4B and 4D), which were otherwise the only structures labelled by Nile Red in live wild-type animals (Figure 3B).
Figure 4. Post-fix Nile Red staining labels lipid droplet-specific Spec-2 structures but not LRO-specific Spec-1 structures. (A) Nile Red labelled structures in fixed wild-type animals as revealed by channel mode confocal images. (B) These labelled structures displayed lipid droplet-specific Spec-2 but not Spec-1 spectrum as revealed by linear un-mixing lambda mode confocal images. (C) Nile Red labelled structures in fixed glo-4 animals as revealed by channel mode confocal images. (D) These labelled structures displayed lipid droplet-specific Spec-2 but not Spec-1 spectrum as revealed by linear un-mixing lambda mode confocal images. Arrows point to structures stained by Nile Red in hypodermal cells. E. Emission spectrum profiles of Spec-2s in post-fixed wild-type and glo-4 animals. All images were single confocal slices. Scale bars, 10 μm.
Lipid droplets are ubiquitous fat storage organelles with a phospholipid monolayer membrane in C. elegans
The above imaging and biochemical isolation experiments indicate that fat storage structures in wild-type and glo-4 animals possess the same properties as enlarged lipid droplets in mutants defective in peroxisomal function. Next, we sought to confirm that they also shared the same properties at the ultrastructural level, similar to mammalian lipid droplets that are characterized as electron-translucent structures with a phospholipid monolayer membrane [3].
Close inspection of electron-translucent structures in wild-type animals revealed that they were indeed similar to enlarged lipid droplets in daf-22 mutant animals [21]. These structures, with diameters normally smaller than 3 μm, possessed a phospholipid monolayer membrane (Figure 5A-5C), the hallmark of lipid droplets. In glo-4 mutants, lipid droplets were not eliminated (Figure 5D-5F). In daf-22;glo-4 double mutants, neither small nor large lipid droplets were eliminated (Figure 5G-5H). These results demonstrate that lipid droplets are universal fat storage structures in C. elegans and that lipid droplets are fundamentally distinct from LROs in their structural properties and their sensitivity to different genetic regulatory mechanisms.
Figure 5. Lipid droplets of C. elegans are characterized by a phospholipid monolayer membrane. (A) Lipid droplets in wild-type animals were electron-translucent structures (asterisks). (B and C) A typical lipid droplet (boxed area) was shown to be delimited by a phospholipid monolayer membrane (arrowhead) as opposed to a phospholipid bilayer membrane (arrows) of a nearby organelle. (D-F) Lipid droplets were not eliminated by glo-4 mutation. (G-I) Lipid droplets in daf-22 mutants were not eliminated by glo-4 mutation.
The present study serves two purposes in the research of C. elegans fat storage. The first is to ascertain the organelle nature of fat storage structures. The second is to carefully compare the different vital and post-fix staining methods that aimed to label fat storage structures.
This work is based on our previous study in which we demonstrated that the enlarged spherical structures found in peroxisomal β-oxidation mutants were lipid droplets [21]. It was unclear at that time whether lipid droplets formed only when peroxisomal function was attenuated in C. elegans. In this paper, we provided three lines of evidence, namely, electron microscopy, biochemical isolation, vital and post-fix lipophilic dye staining and fluorescence imaging, to demonstrate that lipid droplets are ubiquitous fat storage organelles in C. elegans. First, we showed that in wild-type C. elegans, at an ultrastructural level, lipid droplets were uniformly electron-translucent structures delimited by a phospholipid monolayer membrane. This ultrastructural characteristic was previously documented for large lipid droplets in peroxisomal β-oxidation mutants in C. elegans [21], lipid droplets in the budding yeast [25], and lipid droplets in mammalian cells [3,26]. Such characteristic is regarded as a hallmark of lipid droplets [1,2]. Second, since lipid droplets are loaded with neutral fat such as TAG and CE, their density is much lower than water and most other intracellular organelles. This physical property allows density centrifugation-based isolation of lipid droplets from yeast and mammalian cells [3,22,23,25]. We developed a similar approach and isolated lipid droplets from wild-type and peroxisomal β-oxidation mutant C. elegans. And we found that the isolated lipid droplets were labelled by BODIPY. Third, we confirmed previous findings that LROs were the major organelles labelled by BODIPY and Nile Red in live animals. Nevertheless, we found that Nile Red labelled lipid droplets in live peroxisomal β-oxidation mutants, and its fluorescence emission spectrum was distinct from that of Nile Red in LROs. Nile Red emission spectrum shift was previously documented as neutral fat-dependent [27]. The emission spectrum shift was also found to be specific to lipid droplets in mammalian macrophages [28].
Our identification of lipid droplets as the fat storage organelles in C. elegans has important implications for the principles and validity of previous fat staining methods. As shown in this study and several previous studies, Nile Red and BODIPY label LROs in live wild-type C. elegans [7,8,19,21]. In addition, we showed that BODIPY but not Nile Red can label lipid droplets in wild-type C. elegans. Since the absence of LROs in glo mutants does not alter TAG levels [19], LROs are unlikely to be the sites of fat storage. Thus, fluorescence intensities of BODIPY or Nile Red vital staining cannot be used as a sole indicator of fat levels. This view agrees with those of two previous reports [8,20]. Why does BODIPY label both LROs and lipid droplets and why does Nile Red label only LROs in wild-type C. elegans? Vital dyes are applied onto the E. coli lawn and ingested by C. elegans into the gut lumen. It is plausible that the vital dyes are endocytosed, recycled, and delivered to lysosomes for degradation in gut epithelial cells [7,29-31]. BODIPY is different from Nile Red in that it is conjugated to a fatty acid moiety. In mammalian cells, fatty acids and fatty acid moieties are released from lysosomes and targeted to lipid droplets [32]. It appears that a similar process happens for BODIPY fatty acid analogs but not for Nile Red in wild-type C. elegans (Figure 6A). Why does Nile Red as well as BODIPY label lipid droplets besides LROs when peroxisomal β-oxidation is impaired? The exact mechanism is currently unknown. The peroxisomal β-oxidation pathway and endolysosomal pathway genetically interact to affect larval development and body length (unpublished data). Similar genetic interactions may underlie the trafficking of Nile Red from endosomes and/or lysosomes to lipid droplets (Figure 6B). Physical contact between peroxisomes and lipid droplets may also be involved [33]. Why do the two post-fix methods reveal fat levels more closely [8,20]? The post-fix labelling methods involve permeating cell membrane and intracellular membrane invasively by isopropanol and/or freeze/thaw treatments [8,20]. The delivery of Nile Red and Oil-Red-O to lipid droplets thus bypasses the endolysosomal pathway and LROs. The post-fix staining procedure may also compromise the integrity of LROs and make them un-stainable.
Figure 6. A model of BODIPY and Nile Red trafficking in live wild-type animals and peroxisomal β-oxidation mutants. (A) A schematic diagram of possible BODIPY (green) and Nile Red (red) trafficking in gut epithelial cells in wild-type animals. A single gut epithelial cell is diagrammed as a rectangular box with microvilli (triangles) pointing to the gut lumen. Gut epithelial cells are rich in vesicular structures, which include LROs (orange vesicles), lipid droplets (green vesicles labelled as LD), and other vesiclular organelles (white). Both BODIPY and Nile Red are endocytosed into the gut epithelial cell and trafficked through endolysosomal pathways to LROs (orange arrow and orange vesicles). Hypothetically, BODIPY can be targeted to lipid droplets from LROs and or from endosomes (green arrows question marked). (B) In peroxisomal β-oxidation mutants, lipid droplet size increases (large orange vesicles). Nile Red as well as BODIPY can be targeted to lipid droplets (orange arrows question marked).
The present study should allow re-interpretation of previous studies in C. elegans fat research and guide the design of future qualitative and quantitative studies of lipid droplets. For example, we showed that BODIPY could label lipid droplets with low intensity in live wild-type animals while Nile Red and BODIPY could label both large and small lipid droplets in live peroxisomal β-oxidation mutant animals. Our results highlight the complexity of intracellular trafficking of lipophilic dyes which should be examined carefully. On one hand, it suggests that mutants showing changes in vital Nile Red and BODIPY fluorescence intensity may actually have alterations in lysosome/LRO proliferation or function. On the other hand, it lends support to the use of these two vital dyes for lipid droplet labelling in peroxisomal mutant animals and animals of other yet unexplored genetic backgrounds, provided that independent methods are available to distinguish lipid droplets from LROs. Because of the dual labelling by BODIPY in our peroxisomal β-oxidation mutants, we previously opted for GC-MS to gauge fat levels and we measured volumes instead of fluorescence intensities to study lipid droplets larger than 3 μm in diameter [21]. The spectral imaging of Nile Red and the post-fix Nile Red staining should now allow measurement of volumes of lipid droplets of all sizes. We also anticipate that, before their acceptance as alternative live imaging techniques for fat levels in C. elegans, label-free imaging approaches based on Raman scattering [11] should be subjected to rigorous analyses using a combination of genetic manipulation of lipid droplets and LROs, biochemical isolation, spectral analysis, electron microscopy, and lipid analytical chemistry.
In conclusion, we have ascertained lipid droplets as the ubiquitous fat storage organelles in C. elegans. Our results demonstrate the strengths and weaknesses of different dye labelling methodologies for lipid droplets in C. elegans, which will aid future experimental design in this powerful genetic system.
Strains and Transgenes
The wild-type strain was N2 Bristol. The following mutant and transgenic strains were used: daf-22(ok693), glo-4(ok623), dhs-28(hj8), daf-22(ok693);glo-4(ok623), Is[ges-1p::glo-1::gfp](hjIs9), dhs-28(hj8);Is[ges-1p::glo-1::gfp](hjIs9), glo-4(ok623);Is[ges-1p::glo-1::gfp](hjIs9).
Bacteria and Nematode Growth Medium (NGM) Plates
Bacteria culture and seeding of 6-cm and 10-cm NGM plates were the same as previously described [21].
BODIPY and Nile Red Vital Staining
BODIPY and Nile Red vital staining in live animals was essentially the same as previously described [21]. 100 μL 5 μM green BODIPY (#D-3823, Invitrogen) or red BODIPY (#D-3835, Invitrogen) in 1X phosphate buffer saline (PBS, pH 7.2) was added onto the ~2 cm-in-diameter OP50 bacteria lawn of a 6-cm NGM plate. To vital-label animals in large quantity, 1 mL 12.5 μM green or red BODIPY was added onto the 10 cm-in-diameter OP50 bacteria lawn of a 10-cm NGM plate. The plates were immediately dried in laminar flow hood and were used to grow and stain animals. For Nile Red staining, 100 μL 5 μg/mL Nile Red (#N-1142, Invitrogen) in PBS was added onto the ~2 cm-in-diameter OP50 bacteria lawn of a 6-cm NGM plate. 1 mL 12.5 μg/mL Nile Red in PBS was added onto the 10 cm-in-diameter OP50 bacteria lawn of a 10-cm NGM plate. The Nile Red plates were immediately dried in laminar flow hood and were equilibrated at room temperature for 24 hr before use.
Confocal Microscopy and Spectral Analysis
Channel mode confocal images of BODIPY, Nile Red, and GFP fluorescence in late stage L4 animals were acquired essentially the same as previously described [21]. To compare BODIPY and Nile Red fluorescence of wild-type, glo-4, and daf-22;glo-4 animals, we used imaging parameters that detected fluorescence of wild-type animals within the linear range. In order to carry out emission spectrum analyses of vital Nile Red fluorescence, lambda mode confocal imaging and image processing by linear un-mixing were conducted [34]. A Zeiss LSM 510 inverted confocal microscope equipped with a META detector was used. Images were acquired with a C-Apochromat 40X/1.20 W Korr UV-VIS-IR M27 objective. Key parameters were: excitation laser DPSS 561 nm, 15 mW, 15%; emission spectrum 577-738 nm at 10 nm per channel; pinhole, 90 μm; optical zoom, 2X; line scan, mean of 4; gain and offset were tailored to individual images so that no pixel was saturated in each channel. Lambda mode images were acquired for non-stained wild-type and dhs-28 animals as negative controls. No autofluorescence was detected. Two types of spectra were identified for Nile Red-stained structures in dhs-28 intestinal cells in lambda mode images. The spectrum with peak shifted towards a shorter wavelength was classified as "Spec-2", while the other, "Spec-1". In wild-type animals, only Spec-1 was identified. The two spectral profiles of dhs-28 animals were used to linearly un-mix lambda mode images of wild-type, dhs-28, dhs-28;Is[ges-1p::glo-1::gfp], and daf-22;glo-4 animals with the same parameter settings. Spec-1s were pseudo-colored red. Spec-2s, green. No apparent co-localization of red and green structures and minimal un-assigned pixels indicated reliable spectral classification and un-mixing. Lambda imaging of red BODIPY fluorescence in dhs-28;Is[ges-1p::glo-1::gfp] animals and in wild-type animals were essentially the same as that of Nile Red fluorescence except that the emission spectrum spanned 566-738 nm at 10 nm per channel. Only one emission spectrum was identified in Red BODIPY-stained dhs-28 and wild-type animals. For each imaging experiment, 10-30 animals were imaged.
Post-fix Nile Red Staining
Late L4 stage wild-type and glo-4 animals were fixed and stained essentially as previously described [20]. In brief, late L4 animals were fixed in 1% formaldehyde/PBS for 10 minutes. Then samples were immediately frozen on dry ice/ethanol and thawed on running tap water. Samples were frozen and thawed again, 3 times in total. Samples were washed 3 times with 1X PBS, dehydrated in 60% isopropanol for 2 minutes, stained with 0.5 mL 1 μg/mL Nile Red in 60% isopropanol for 30 minutes. Stained samples were then washed 3 times with 1X PBS, re-hydrated in 1X PBS, and mounted in 1X PBS onto agarose-padded slides for fluorescence imaging. Channel mode imaging and lambda imaging were conducted the same as described in previous section.
Isolation of Lipid Droplets
To isolate BODIPY-labelled lipid droplets, 4,000 freshly hatched wild-type or dhs-28 animals were loaded onto one 10-cm NGM/OP50 plate supplemented with green or red BODIPY. Animals were allowed to grow to 1-day-adult stage, i.e., 24 hr past L4 stage. Animals were harvested and washed 4 times with 1X PBS/0.001% Triton X-100. Worm pellet was re-suspended in 1X PBS added with protease inhibitors on ice. Worm samples were then homogenized by 20 strokes using a dounce homogenizer with a tight-fit pestle. Homogenates were transferred in 10 mL 1X PBS/protease inhibitors into a falcon tube. Homogenates were centrifuged for 10 minutes at 1000 g at 4°C. 1 mL top layer was aspirated and transferred into a new tube and washed by adding 9 mL 1X PBS/protease inhibitors. The tube was centrifuged in the same way. The 1 mL top layer was collected and washed with 9 mL 1X PBS/protease inhibitors, and centrifuged again. The final 1 mL top layer was collected for further analysis. To image isolated lipid droplets, the final top layer fraction was mounted onto a cytometer and imaged on a Zeiss Observer.Z1 inverted microscope with a 40X/NA1.20 W objective. Epi-fluorescence imaging parameters were set so that the BODIPY fluorescence of lipid droplets isolated from dhs-28 animals was detected within the linear range. Lipid droplets from wild-type animals were imaged with the same parameters.
To isolate Nile Red-labelled lipid droplets from dhs-28 animals, 4,000 freshly hatched L1s were loaded onto each of three 10-cm NGM/OP50/Nile Red plates. The 12,000 animals were allowed to grow to late stage L4 and were then harvested. Lipid droplets were isolated in the same way as for BODIPY-labelled animals. The post-nuclear cytoplasmic fraction generated during the first centrifugation step was further spun at 100,000 g for 30 min at 4°C. The membrane pellet was re-suspended in 1 mL 1X PBS/protease inhibitors. Lipid droplet fraction and cytoplasmic membrane pellet fraction were mounted onto a cytometer for confocal imaging. Lambda mode confocal imaging was conducted for the two fractions in the same way as described in "Confocal Microscopy and Spectral Analysis" section. Experiments were repeated three times. More than 30 lipid droplets and 30 membrane pellets were imaged.
To prepare lipid droplet fraction and cytoplasm fraction for western blot experiment, 4000 freshly hatched dhs-28;Is[ges-1p::glo-1::gfp] L1s were loaded onto a 10-cm NGM/OP50 plate. Animals were harvested at late L4 stage. One plate of animals was treated as one sample. The sample was subjected to lipid droplet isolation with the same procedure, except that the extraction volume was scaled down from 10 mL to 1 mL and the lipid droplet fraction volume was scaled down from 1 mL to 0.1 mL. The 0.1 mL final lipid droplet fraction and the 0.9 mL post-nuclear cytoplasm fraction generated during the first centrifugation step were concentrated and extracted for protein in an equal final volume of 60 μL. 7.5 μL of each protein sample was loaded onto a SDS-PAGE gel and was subjected to western blot using a custom made rabbit anti-GFP antibody (Y2769). Wild-type lipid droplet fraction and cytoplasm fraction were prepared in the same way and were loaded alongside as a negative control. Experiments were conducted two times. Three samples each time.
Electron Microscopy
Electron microscopy was conducted the same as previously described [21].
Authors' contributions
SOZ and HYM designed research; SOZ, RT and FG performed research; SOZ and HYM wrote the paper. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
We thank the Microscopy Center at Stowers Institute for technical support. Some nematode strains used in this work were from the Caenorhabditis Genetics Center, which is funded by the National Institutes of Health National Center for Research Resources. This work was supported by the Stowers Institute for Medical Research and in part by Research Grant 5-FY07-662 from the March of Dimes Foundation.
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text:
Patricia A. Seith
This article will be published in our forthcoming Winter 2013 issue.
From its passage by Congress in 1972 to its ratification failure in 1982, the Equal Rights Amendment ("ERA") pivotally shaped sex equality discourse. While historians and legal scholars have examined and analyzed its demise, its failure has been deemed inconsequential for constitutional doctrine — conventional wisdom submits that a "de facto ERA" was achieved through judicial action. This Article argues that this dominant narrative has obscured the other half of the equation — the role of Congress in implementing the "de facto ERA." Through original archival and legislative research, this Article offers a new account of congressional action aimed at entrenching the substantive guarantees of the sex equality principle. This Articles introduces the Economic Equity Act to the sex equality narrative.
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Space Speed Form
This Project uses the desire to provide showers for the homeless as a generator for creating architecture and a series of urban moments.
14 shower stalls powered by 1000 sf of solar panels mounted on the back of an 18-wheeler trailer.
Each stall is equipped with a soap dispenser, washboard, and clothes dryer.
All materials are of stainless steel for ease of maintenance.
Energy is stored in battery banks hooked to generators extending the length of the trailer.
Water is supplied by tapping into the public system of fire hydrants.
Water is heated and dispersed via boiler and expansion tank methods.
Each Shower/Truck requires one attendant who will travel in the cab between parking lots.
Delivery, pick up and transport of the trailer will be by local trucking companies contributing their time for tax breaks.
When living in London, I became accustomed to taking baths. But I missed the showers of my childhood growing up in California. They seemed so much more efficient; quick, light exercises with plenty of sun through the windows to remind one that the next outdoor activity was just a shower away. But they also served as distinct thresholds: the passing of one period to another – like after a hard day of gardening, to refresh before supper. Somehow sitting in a tub was not the same as passing through a shower. The shower has a significant ritualistic place in the Southern California lifestyle.
The lack of personal hygiene is one of the most basic and pressing issues facing the homeless. It directly leads to the erosion of one's self esteem, and with that the confidence and hope it takes for one to reintegrate oneself back into society.
In traditional cities, the sidewalk or street is the equalizer between peoples. Whether rich or poor, all share a common ground – literally the ground they walk on. But when driving in Los Angeles, one is struck by the fact that the homeless are also CARless. In the context of Los Angeles, the homeless lack the ability to travel to facilities. The irony is that they are the ones who are constantly mobile for they have no home. Cleansing facilities need to be brought to the homeless for in Los Angeles at least, they are not mobile on the scale of the city.
Parking lots for the most part seem to be such a lot of wasted space because they perform only one function. No other space in the city is afforded this luxury. The single-minded nature of parking is what makes most lots such dead places. Just as at the beach, where people play roller-hockey and sail-skate in the shadow of the Cirque de Soleil's tent, the parking lots of Los Angeles are potential urban stages for various human activities.
It's lunchtime downtown. Pershing Square is teeming with visitors, workers and passers-by. Traffic is thick, the sky clear, and the noise dense. Water gushes from the Square's fountain and splashes on the surrounding cobblestones.
Out from the corner of your view, you see a large 18-wheeler pull up to the corner of 5th and Olive, enter into the parking lot and stop with a hiss. A person jumps out from the cab, checks several dials on the trailer and flips a switch. The long walls of the trailer, which are implanted with solar panels rise on gas struts, like gull-wing doors, to reveal stainless steel innards. Curtains from within stir in the breeze. The truck attendant pulls out a large hose and attaches one end to a nearby fire hydrant, the other end to the rear of the trailer via quick-release levers. He turns the hydrant on. The hose swells with the passing of water; the needles on the dials jump as purring emanates from deep inside the stainless torso – evidence that the solar panels have kicked the onboard generators into gear. The nearby clock tower chimes 12:00.
The Shower/Truck is now open for service.
It's almost 4:00 o'clock on the Palisades. Johnson usually doesn't pay attention to such things; as the world rushes around, always trying to beat time, Johnson struggles to find ways to pass time. Survival is the goal, boredom and depression the enemy. Such is the life of Johnson, a homeless citizen. People avoid Johnson. He knows why: he smells but it still hurts. He really has nowhere to go but moves to avoid those who wish avoidance, and pan-handle those who seem susceptible. But today he is back here on the Palisades at 4:00 because he knows that this time every other day, it comes back.
He still remembers his first encounter. This truck as big as a ship pulling up and unfolding itself. It was cool and glistening in the summer sun. A man handed him a towel, smiled and indicated that any of the 14 stalls were available. Soon there was a small line of various friends, homeless as he, lumbering out of their afternoon slumber only to realize what he already had: he was about to take his first shower in days. 20 minutes later, he emerged clean and wearing a cleaner shirt thanks to the facilities on board. But it was the memory of water pelting down on his back, the sun gleaming through his wet locks that stuck with him. It was that memory and comfort that brought him back to the Palisades today – for another dose of hope, of self-respect.
Johnson looks down on the Pier parking lot as the truck pulls in and starts setting up. He moves towards the footbridge that will take him down to the beach. T his will be his eighth time. It was becoming a habit. Leo always arrived early. Parking his car in the garage, he walked down the stairs, across the tarmac to Hanger B, and unlocked the roll-up gate. The gate rolled up to the ceiling, the noise of its bearings echoing along the polished concrete floors. In 40 minutes the Acme Trucking Co. would be along to pick up him and his equipment. Leo moved quickly – there was much to do: stacking towels, topping off the soap dispensers, taking readings on all the gauges, wiping the stalls down.
An ex-firefighter, Leo still kept to his old habits of meticulous preparation and methodical procedures. An old injury slowed him down at times, but his fireman's insurance and pension provided ably for him. This year his only grandchild would be entering college and the extra bonus he received to attend the Shower/Truck would be the difference.
After inspecting the solar panels, Leo sat down on the running board to review the day's route. Hollywood and Virgil would be the first stop. Then into downtown, finishing up at the Santa Monica Pier. Leo always liked this route; the Pier was a nice place to end the day. Many users there, and since the Acme driver couldn't pick him up until 7:00, Leo could enjoy the late August sunsets. A horn sounded. The driver had arrived. Today it was Tony who was always good to get in the morning before the day's hassles transformed him into a grump. Tony backed his cab into Hanger B, Leo made the necessary hook-ups and climbed into the passenger seat.
The day was about to begin.
Li Wen
The Shower Truck was awarded a 1996 AIA/Next award by the Los Angeles chapter of the AIA.