text:
|Ruler of the Hunnic Empire
Portrait by Eugène Delacroix, painted between 1843 and 1847
|Bleda and Rugila
March 453Hungary
Attila (/ˈætɨlə/ or /əˈtɪlə/; fl. 434–453), frequently referred to as Attila the Hun, was the ruler of the Huns from 434 until his death in March 453. Attila was a leader of the Hunnic Empire, which stretched from the Ural River to the Rhine River and from the Danube River to the Baltic Sea.
During his reign, he was one of the most feared enemies of the Western and Eastern Roman Empires. He crossed the Danube twice and plundered the Balkans, but was unable to take Constantinople. His unsuccessful campaign in Persia was followed in 441 by an invasion of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire, the success of which emboldened Attila to invade the West.[1] He also attempted to conquer Roman Gaul (modern France), crossing the Rhine in 451 and marching as far as Aurelianum (Orléans) before being defeated at the Battle of the Catalaunian Plains.
He subsequently invaded Italy, devastating the northern provinces, but was unable to take Rome. He planned for further campaigns against the Romans but died in 453. After Attila's death his close adviser Ardaric of the Gepids led a Germanic revolt against Hunnic rule, after which the Hunnic Empire quickly collapsed.
- 1 Appearance and character
- 2 Etymology
- 3 Historiography and source
- 4 Early life and background
- 5 Campaigns against the Eastern Roman Empire
- 6 Solitary kingship
- 7 In the west
- 8 Invasion of Italy and death
- 9 Later folklore and iconography
- 10 Depictions of Attila
- 11 Notes
- 12 References
- 13 External links
Appearance and character
There is no surviving first-hand account of Attila's appearance, but there is a possible second-hand source provided by Jordanes, who cites a description given by Priscus.[2][3]
Short of stature, with a broad chest and a large head; his eyes were small, his beard thin and sprinkled with grey; and he had a flat nose and tanned skin, showing evidence of his origin.[4]
Some modern scholars have suggested that this description is typically East Asian, because it has all the combined features that fit the physical type of people from Eastern Asia, and Attila's ancestors may have come from there.[5][6]
The origin of the name "Attila" is unclear. Menander used the term Attila as the name of the Volga River.[7] Pritsak considers it to mean "universal ruler" in a Turkic language related to Danube Bulgarian.[8]:444
Turkologist Otto J. Maenchen-Helfen rejects a Turkic etymology, and suggests an East Germanic origin: "Attila is formed from Gothic or Gepidic atta, 'father', by means of the diminutive suffix -ila." He finds Pritsak's etymology "ingenious but for many reasons unacceptable". However, he suggests that these names were:
not the true names of the Hun princes and lords. What we have are Hunnic names in Germanic dress, modified to fit the Gothic tongue, or popular Gothic etymologies, or both.[9]:386–387
The names of Attila's relatives Bleda, Rugila, and Laudaricus are also Germanic.[9]:386–390[9]:441 Other prominent Huns with Germanic names include Edeko, Onegesius, and Ragnaris.[9]:386–390[9]:441 Historian Peter Heather states that the possibility cannot be ruled out of Attila being of Germanic ancestry, judging by a hypothetical Germanic etymology of Attila's name and the status of Gothic as the lingua franca at his court.[10]
M. Snædal casts doubt on the Germanic origin of the name Attila in a recently published article. "The Gothic origin of the name Attila is questionable," Snædal writes. "It is at least as likely to be of Hunnic origin." The article points out that the word "atta" is a migratory term for "father/forefather" common in multiple languages, including many Turkic languages. The article also indicates that Attila's name could have originated from Turkic/Mongolian word for horse - "at, adyy/agta" - but it also states: "Of course we do not know how the name sounded in the language of the Huns. Sometime, somewhere, somehow a proto-form like *agtala- changed to *attila. We cannot tell if the assimilation of gt to tt, and/or if loss of a final consonant took place in Hunnic or if these changes were part of the adaptation process into Latin, Gothic and Greek...Truly, our knowledge of the Hunnic language is almost zero. One can only guess a solution to this riddle of Attila's name." [11]
The name has many variants in modern languages: Atli and Atle in Norse; Attila, Atilla, and Etele in Hungarian (Attila is the most popular); Etzel in German (Nibelungenlied); Attila, Atilla, Atilay, or Atila in Turkish; and Adil and Edil in Kazakh or Adil ("same/similar") or Edil ("to use") in Mongolian.
Historiography and source
The historiography of Attila is faced with a major challenge, in that the only complete sources are written in Greek and Latin by the enemies of the Huns. Attila's contemporaries left many testimonials of his life, but only fragments of these remain.[12]:25 Priscus was a Roman diplomat and historian who wrote in Greek, and he was both a witness to and an actor in the story of Attila, as a member of the embassy of Theodosius II at the Hunnic court in 449. He was obviously biased by his political position, but his writing is a major source for information on the life of Attila, and he is the only person known to have recorded a physical description of him. He wrote a history of the late Roman Empire in eight books covering the period from 430 to 476.[13]
Today we have only fragments of Priscus' work, but it was cited extensively by 6th-century historians Procopius and Jordanes,[14]:413 especially in Jordanes' The Origin and Deeds of the Goths. It contains numerous references to Priscus's history, and it is also an important source of information about the Hunnic empire and its neighbors. He describes the legacy of Attila and the Hunnic people for a century after Attila's death. Marcellinus Comes, a chancellor of Justinian during the same era, also describes the relations between the Huns and the Eastern Roman Empire.[12]:30
Numerous ecclesiastical writings contain useful but scattered information, sometimes difficult to authenticate or distorted by years of hand-copying between the 6th and 17th centuries. The Hungarian writers of the 12th century wished to portray the Huns in a positive light as their glorious ancestors, and so repressed certain historical elements and added their own legends.[12]:32
The literature and knowledge of the Huns themselves was transmitted orally, by means of epics and chanted poems that were handed down from generation to generation.[14]:354 Indirectly, fragments of this oral history have reached us via the literature of the Scandinavians and Germans, neighbors of the Huns who wrote between the 9th and 13th centuries. Attila is a major character in many Medieval epics, such as the Nibelungenlied, as well as various Eddas and sagas.[12]:32 [14]:354
Archaeological investigation has uncovered some details about the lifestyle, art, and warfare of the Huns. There are a few traces of battles and sieges, but today the tomb of Attila and the location of his capital have not yet been found.[12]:33–37
Early life and background
The Huns were a group of Eurasian nomads, appearing from east of the Volga, who migrated into Europe c. 370[15] and built up an enormous empire there. Their main military techniques were mounted archery and javelin throwing. They were possibly the descendants of the Xiongnu (Hsiung-nu) who had been northern neighbors of China three hundred years before[16] and may be the first expansion of Turkic people across Eurasia.[17][18][19][20][21] They were in the process of developing settlements before their arrival in Europe, yet the Huns were a society of pastoral warriors[14]:259 whose primary form of nourishment was meat and milk, products of their herds.
The origin and language of the Huns has been the subject of debate for centuries. According to some theories, their leaders at least may have spoken a Turkic language, perhaps closest to the modern Chuvash language.[8]:444 One scholar suggests a relationship to Yeniseian.[22] According to the Encyclopedia of European Peoples, "the Huns, especially those who migrated to the west, may have been a combination of central Asian Turkic, Mongolic, and Ugric stocks."[23]
Attila's father Mundzuk[4] was the brother of Kings Octar and Rugila, who reigned jointly over the Hunnic empire in the early fifth century. This form of diarchy was recurrent with the Huns, but historians are unsure whether it was institutionalized, merely customary, or an occasional occurrence.[12]:80 His family was from a noble lineage, but it is uncertain whether they constituted a royal dynasty. Attila's birthdate is not known, but journalist Éric Deschodt and writer Herman Schreiber have proposed a date of 395.[24][25] However, historian Iaroslav Lebedynsky and archaeologist Katalin Escher prefer an estimate between the 390s and the first decade of the fifth century.[12]:40
Attila grew up in a rapidly changing world. His people were nomads who had only recently arrived in Europe.[26]:15 They crossed the Volga river during the 370s and annexed the territory of the Alans, then attacked the Gothic kingdom between the Carpathian mountains and the Danube. They were a very mobile people, whose mounted archers had acquired a reputation of invincibility, and the Germanic tribes seemed unable to withstand them.[14]:133–151 Vast populations fleeing the Huns moved from Germania into the Roman Empire in the west and south, and along the banks of the Rhine and Danube. In 376, the Goths crossed the Danube, initially submitting to the Romans but soon rebelling against Emperor Valens, whom they killed in the Battle of Adrianople in 378.[14]:100 Large numbers of Vandals, Alans, Suebi, and Burgundians crossed the Rhine and invaded Roman Gaul on December 31, 406 to escape the Huns.[12]:233 The Roman Empire had been split in half since 395 and was ruled by two distinct governments, one based in Ravenna in the West, and the other in Constantinople in the East. The Roman Emperors, both East and West, were generally from the Theodosian family in Attila's lifetime (despite several power struggles).[27]:13
The Huns dominated a vast territory with nebulous borders determined by the will of a constellation of ethnically varied peoples. Some were assimilated to Hunnic nationality, whereas many retained their own identities and rulers but acknowledged the suzerainty of the king of the Huns.[27]:11 The Huns were also the indirect source of many of the Romans' problems, driving various Germanic tribes into Roman territory, yet relations between the two empires were cordial: the Romans used the Huns as mercenaries against the Germans and even in their civil wars. Thus, the usurper Joannes was able to recruit thousands of Huns for his army against Valentinian III in 424. It was Aëtius, later Patrician of the West, who managed this operation. They exchanged ambassadors and hostages, the alliance lasting from 401 to 450 and permitting the Romans numerous military victories.[14]:111 The Huns considered the Romans to be paying them tribute, whereas the Romans preferred to view this as payment for services rendered. The Huns had become a great power by the time that Attila came of age during the reign of his uncle Rugila, to the point that Nestorius, the Patriarch of Constantinople, deplored the situation with these words: "They have become both masters and slaves of the Romans."[14]:128
Campaigns against the Eastern Roman Empire
The death of Rugila (also known as Rua or Ruga) in 434 left the sons of his brother Mundzuk, Attila and Bleda (Buda), in control of the united Hun tribes. At the time of the two brothers' accession, the Hun tribes were bargaining with Eastern Roman Emperor Theodosius II's envoys for the return of several renegades who had taken refuge within the Eastern Roman Empire, possibly Hunnic nobles who disagreed with the brothers' assumption of leadership.
The following year, Attila and Bleda met with the imperial legation at Margus (Požarevac), all seated on horseback in the Hunnic manner,[28] and negotiated a successful treaty. The Romans agreed to return the fugitives, to double their previous tribute of 350 Roman pounds (c. 115 kg) of gold, to open their markets to Hunnish traders, and to pay a ransom of eight solidi for each Roman taken prisoner by the Huns. The Huns, satisfied with the treaty, decamped from the Roman Empire and returned to their home in the Great Hungarian Plain, perhaps to consolidate and strengthen their empire. Theodosius used this opportunity to strengthen the walls of Constantinople, building the city's first sea wall, and to build up his border defenses along the Danube.
The Huns remained out of Roman sight for the next few years while they invaded the Sassanid Empire. They were defeated in Armenia by the Sassanids, abandoned their invasion, and turned their attentions back to Europe. In 440, they reappeared in force on the borders of the Roman Empire, attacking the merchants at the market on the north bank of the Danube that had been established by the treaty.
Crossing the Danube, they laid waste to the cities of Illyricum and forts on the river, including (according to Priscus) Viminacium, a city of Moesia. Their advance began at Margus, where they demanded that the Romans turn over a bishop who had retained property that Attila regarded as his. While the Romans discussed the bishop's fate, he slipped away secretly to the Huns and betrayed the city to them.
While the Huns attacked city-states along the Danube, the Vandals (led by Geiseric) captured the Western Roman province of Africa and its capital of Carthage. Carthage was the richest province of the Western Empire and a main source of food for Rome. The Sassanid Shah Yazdegerd II invaded Armenia in 441.
The Romans stripped the Balkan area of forces, sending them to Sicily in order to mount an expedition against the Vandals in Africa. This left Attila and Bleda a clear path through Illyricum into the Balkans, which they invaded in 441. The Hunnish army sacked Margus and Viminacium, and then took Singidunum (Belgrade) and Sirmium. During 442, Theodosius recalled his troops from Sicily and ordered a large issue of new coins to finance operations against the Huns. He believed that he could defeat the Huns and refused the Hunnish kings' demands.
Attila responded with a campaign in 443.[29] The Huns were equipped with new military weapons as they advanced along the Danube, such as battering rams and rolling siege towers, and they overran the military centers of Ratiara and successfully besieged Naissus (Niš).
Advancing along the Nišava River, the Huns next took Serdica (Sofia), Philippopolis (Plovdiv), and Arcadiopolis (Lüleburgaz). They encountered and destroyed a Roman army outside Constantinople but were stopped by the double walls of the Eastern capital. They defeated a second army near Callipolis (Gelibolu).
Theodosius, stripped of his armed forces, admitted defeat, sending the Magister militum per Orientem Anatolius to negotiate peace terms. The terms were harsher than the previous treaty: the Emperor agreed to hand over 6,000 Roman pounds (c. 2000 kg) of gold as punishment for having disobeyed the terms of the treaty during the invasion; the yearly tribute was tripled, rising to 2,100 Roman pounds (c. 700 kg) in gold; and the ransom for each Roman prisoner rose to 12 solidi.
Their demands were met for a time, and the Hun kings withdrew into the interior of their empire. Bleda died following the Huns' withdrawal from Byzantium (probably around 445). Attila then took the throne for himself, becoming the sole ruler of the Huns.[30]
Solitary kingship
In 447, Attila again rode south into the Eastern Roman Empire through Moesia. The Roman army, under Gothic magister militum Arnegisclus, met him in the Battle of the Utus and was defeated, though not without inflicting heavy losses. The Huns were left unopposed and rampaged through the Balkans as far as Thermopylae.
Constantinople itself was saved by the Isaurian troops of magister militum per Orientem Zeno and protected by the intervention of prefect Constantinus, who organized the reconstruction of the walls that had been previously damaged by earthquakes and, in some places, to construct a new line of fortification in front of the old. An account of this invasion survives:
The barbarian nation of the Huns, which was in Thrace, became so great that more than a hundred cities were captured and Constantinople almost came into danger and most men fled from it. ... And there were so many murders and blood-lettings that the dead could not be numbered. Ay, for they took captive the churches and monasteries and slew the monks and maidens in great numbers.— Callinicus, in his Life of Saint Hypatius
In the west
In 450, Attila proclaimed his intent to attack the Visigoth kingdom of Toulouse by making an alliance with Emperor Valentinian III. He had previously been on good terms with the Western Roman Empire and its influential general Flavius Aëtius. Aëtius had spent a brief exile among the Huns in 433, and the troops that Attila provided against the Goths and Bagaudae had helped earn him the largely honorary title of magister militum in the west. The gifts and diplomatic efforts of Geiseric, who opposed and feared the Visigoths, may also have influenced Attila's plans.
However, Valentinian's sister was Honoria, who had sent the Hunnish king a plea for help — and her engagement ring — in order to escape her forced betrothal to a Roman senator in the spring of 450. Honoria may not have intended a proposal of marriage, but Attila chose to interpret her message as such. He accepted, asking for half of the western Empire as dowry.
When Valentinian discovered the plan, only the influence of his mother Galla Placidia convinced him to exile Honoria, rather than killing her. He also wrote to Attila, strenuously denying the legitimacy of the supposed marriage proposal. Attila sent an emissary to Ravenna to proclaim that Honoria was innocent, that the proposal had been legitimate, and that he would come to claim what was rightfully his.
Attila interfered in a succession struggle after the death of a Frankish ruler. Attila supported the elder son, while Aëtius supported the younger. (The location and identity of these kings is not known and subject to conjecture.) Attila gathered his vassals—Gepids, Ostrogoths, Rugians, Scirians, Heruls, Thuringians, Alans, Burgundians, among others–and began his march west. In 451, he arrived in Belgica with an army exaggerated by Jordanes to half a million strong. J. B. Bury believes that Attila's intent, by the time he marched west, was to extend his kingdom—already the strongest on the continent—across Gaul to the Atlantic Ocean.[31]
On April 7, he captured Metz. Other cities attacked can be determined by the hagiographic vitae written to commemorate their bishops: Nicasius was slaughtered before the altar of his church in Rheims; Servatus is alleged to have saved Tongeren with his prayers, as Saint Genevieve is said to have saved Paris.[32] Lupus, bishop of Troyes, is also credited with saving his city by meeting Attila in person.[1][33]
Aëtius moved to oppose Attila, gathering troops from among the Franks, the Burgundians, and the Celts. A mission by Avitus and Attila's continued westward advance convinced the Visigoth king Theodoric I (Theodorid) to ally with the Romans. The combined armies reached Orléans ahead of Attila, thus checking and turning back the Hunnish advance. (Later accounts of the battle report that the Huns were either already within the city or in the midst of storming it when the Roman-Visigoth army arrived; Jordanes mentions no such thing.)[31] Aëtius gave chase and caught the Huns at a place usually assumed to be near Catalaunum (modern Châlons-en-Champagne).
The two armies clashed in the Battle of Châlons, whose outcome is commonly considered to be a strategic victory for the Visigothic-Roman alliance. Theodoric was killed in the fighting and Aëtius failed to press his advantage, according to Edward Gibbon and Edward Creasy, because he feared the consequences of an overwhelming Visigothic triumph as much as he did a defeat. From Aëtius' point of view, the best outcome was what occurred: Theodoric died, Attila was in retreat and disarray, and the Romans had the benefit of appearing victorious.
Invasion of Italy and death
Attila returned in 452 to renew his marriage claim with Honoria, invading and ravaging Italy along the way. The city of Venice was founded as a result of these attacks when the residents fled to small islands in the Venetian Lagoon. His army sacked numerous cities and razed Aquileia so completely that it was afterwards hard to recognize its original site.[34]:159
Legend has it that he had his soldiers carry dirt in their helmets to build a hill north of Aquileia from which he could watch the destruction of the city, thus founding the town of Udine, where a castle now stands on the legendary hill.[35] Aëtius lacked the strength to offer battle, but managed to harass and slow Attila's advance with only a shadow force. Attila finally halted at the River Po. By this point, disease and starvation may have taken hold in Attila's camp, thus helping to stop his invasion.
Emperor Valentinian III sent three envoys, the high civilian officers Gennadius Avienus and Trigetius, as well as the Bishop of Rome Leo I, who met Attila at Mincio in the vicinity of Mantua and obtained from him the promise that he would withdraw from Italy and negotiate peace with the Emperor.[36] Prosper of Aquitaine gives a short description of the historic meeting, but gives all the credit to Leo for the successful negotiation. Priscus reports that superstitious fear of the fate of Alaric gave him pause - as Alaric died shortly after sacking Rome in 410.
In reality, Italy had suffered from a terrible famine in 451 and her crops were faring little better in 452; Attila's devastating invasion of the plains of northern Italy this year did not improve the harvest.[34]:161 To advance on Rome would have required supplies which were not available in Italy, and taking the city would not have improved Attila's supply situation. Therefore, it was more profitable for Attila to conclude peace and retreat back to his homeland.[34]:160–161
Furthermore, an East Roman force had crossed the Danube under the command of another officer also named Aetius—who had participated in the Council of Chalcedon the previous year—and proceeded to defeat the Huns who had been left behind by Attila to safeguard their home territories. Attila, hence, faced heavy human and natural pressures to retire "from Italy without ever setting foot south of the Po."[34]:163 As Hydatius writes in his Chronica Minora:
The Huns, who had been plundering Italy and who had also stormed a number of cities, were victims of divine punishment, being visited with heaven-sent disasters: famine and some kind of disaster. In addition, they were slaughtered by auxiliaries sent by the Emperor Marcian and led by Aetius, at the same time, they were crushed in their [home] settlements ... Thus crushed, they made peace with the Romans and all retired to their homes.— Hydatius, Chron Min. II pp. 26ff
Marcian was the successor of Theodosius, and he had ceased paying tribute to the Huns in late 450 while Attila was occupied in the west. Multiple invasions by the Huns and others had left the Balkans with little to plunder. After Attila left Italy and returned to his palace across the Danube, he planned to strike at Constantinople again and reclaim the tribute which Marcian had stopped. However, he died in the early months of 453.
The conventional account from Priscus says that Attila was at a feast celebrating his latest marriage, this time to the beautiful young Ildico. (The name suggests Gothic or Ostrogoth origins, if it is uncorrupted.)[34]:164 In the midst of the revels, however, he suffered a severe nosebleed and choked to death in a stupor. An alternative theory is that he succumbed to internal bleeding after heavy drinking, possibly a condition called esophageal varices, where dilated veins in the lower part of the esophagus rupture leading to death by hemorrhage.[37]
Another account of his death was first recorded 80 years after the events by Roman chronicler Marcellinus Comes. It reports that "Attila, King of the Huns and ravager of the provinces of Europe, was pierced by the hand and blade of his wife."[38] The Volsunga saga[39] and the Poetic Edda[40] also claim that King Atli (Attila) died at the hands of his wife Gudrun. Most scholars reject these accounts as no more than hearsay, preferring instead the account given by Attila's contemporary Priscus. Priscus' version, however, has recently come under renewed scrutiny by Michael A. Babcock.[41] Based on detailed philological analysis, Babcock concludes that the account of natural death given by Priscus was an ecclesiastical "cover story," and that Emperor Marcian (who ruled the Eastern Roman Empire from 450 to 457) was the political force behind Attila's death.
Jordanes says: "The greatest of all warriors should be mourned with no feminine lamentations and with no tears, but with the blood of men." His horsemen galloped in circles around the silken tent where Attila lay in state, singing his dirge, according to Cassiodorus and Jordanes: "Who can rate this as death, when none believes it calls for vengeance?"
Then they celebrated a strava (lamentation) over his burial place with great feasting. Legend says that he was laid to rest in a triple coffin made of gold, silver, and iron, along with some of the spoils of his conquests. His men diverted a section of the river, buried the coffin under the riverbed, and then were killed to keep the exact location a secret.
His sons Ellac (his appointed successor), Dengizich, and Ernakh fought over the division of his legacy, specifically which vassal kings would belong to which brother. As a consequence, they were divided, defeated, and scattered the following year by a Germanic alliance led by the Gepid Ardaric (who had been Attila's most prized chieftain) in the Battle of Nedao. Attila's successor and son Ellac was killed in that battle. Ellac's successor Dengizich attempted a renewed invasion across the Danube in 468 AD, but was defeated at the Battle of Bassianae by Ostrogothic king Valamir. Dengizich was killed by Roman-Gothic general Anagast the following year, after which the Hunnic Empire ended.
Attila's many children and relatives are known by name and some even by deeds, but soon valid genealogical sources all but dried up, and there seems to be no verifiable way to trace Attila's descendants. This has not stopped many genealogists from attempting to reconstruct a valid line of descent for various medieval rulers. One of the most credible claims has been that of the Khans of Bulgaria (see Nominalia of the Bulgarian khans). A popular but unconfirmed genealogical theory attempts to relate Attila to Charlemagne.
Later folklore and iconography
Attila himself is said to have claimed the titles "Descendant of the Great Nimrod", and "King of the Huns, the Goths, the Danes, and the Medes"—the last two peoples being mentioned to show the extent of his control over subject nations even on the peripheries of his domain.[42]
Jordanes embellished the report of Priscus, reporting that Attila had possessed the "Holy War Sword of the Scythians", which was given to him by Mars and made him a "prince of the entire world."[43][44]
Attila was the standard source of legitimacy on the European steppe until Genghis Khan. By the end of the 12th century the royal court of Hungary proclaimed their descent from Attila. Lampert of Hersfeld's contemporary chronicles report that shortly before the year 1071, the Sword of Attila had been presented to Otto of Nordheim by the exiled queen of Hungary, Anastasia of Kiev.[45] This sword, a cavalry sabre now in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna, appears to be the work of Hungarian goldsmiths of the ninth or tenth century.[46]
An anonymous chronicler of the medieval period represented the meeting of Pope Leo and Atilla as attended also by Saint Peter and Saint Paul, "a miraculous tale calculated to meet the taste of the time."[47] This apotheosis was later portrayed artistically by the Renaissance artist Raphael and sculptor Algardi, whom eighteenth-century historian Edward Gibbon praised for establishing "one of the noblest legends of ecclesiastical tradition." [48]
According to a version of this narrative related in the Chronicon Pictum, a mediaeval Hungarian chronicle, the Pope promised Attila that if he left Rome in peace, one of his successors would receive a holy crown (which has been understood as referring to the Holy Crown of Hungary).
Some histories and chronicles describe him as a great and noble king, and he plays major roles in three Norse sagas: Atlakviða,[40] Völsungasaga,[39] and Atlamál.[49] The Polish Chronicle represents Attila's name as Aquila.[citation needed]
Frutolf of Michelsberg and Otto of Freising pointed out that some songs as "vulgar fables" made Theoderic the Great, Attila and Ermanaric contemporaries, when any reader of Jordanes knew that this was not the case.[50]
In 1812, Ludwig van Beethoven conceived the idea of writing an opera about Attila and approached August von Kotzebue to write the libretto. It was, however, never written.[51]
In World War I, Allied propaganda referred to Germans as the "Huns", based on a 1900 speech by Emperor Wilhelm II praising Attila the Hun's military prowess, according to Jawaharlal Nehru's Glimpses of World History.[52]
Der Spiegel commented on November 6, 1948, that the Sword of Attila was hanging menacingly over Austria.[53]
American writer Cecelia Holland wrote The Death of Attila (1973), a historical novel in which Attila appears as a powerful background figure whose life and death deeply impact the protagonists, a young Hunnic warrior and a Germanic one.
In modern Hungary and in Turkey, "Attila" and its Turkish variation "Atilla" are commonly used as a male first name. In Hungary, several public places are named after Attila; for instance, in Budapest there are 10 Attila Streets, one of which is an important street behind the Buda Castle. When the Turkish Armed Forces invaded Cyprus in 1974, the operations were named after Attila ("The Attila Plan").[54]
The 1954 Universal International film Sign of the Pagan starred Jack Palance as Attila.
Depictions of Attila
A depiction of Attila in the Badisches Landes museum, Karlsruhe, Germany
Renaissance medal with the legend,
"Atila, Flagelum Dei"
(dubiously-spelled Latin for "Attila, Scourge of God")
The Meeting of Leo I and Attila by Alessandro Algardi
Atilla - Kurultáj, 2014
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- ^ Bakker, Marco. "Attila the Hun". Gallery of reconstructed portraits. Reportret. Retrieved March 9, 2013.
- ^ Wolfram, Herwig (1997). The Roman Empire and its Germanic Peoples (Hardcover). Dunlap, Thomas (translator) (1st ed.). University of California Press. p. 143. ISBN 978-0-520-08511-4. Retrieved May 18, 2014.
- ^ a b Jordanes (January 13, 2014). "Chapter 35. Attila the Hun". The Origin and Deeds of the Goths (Paperback). Mierow, Charles C. (translator) (5th ed.). CreateSpace. pp. 71–72. ISBN 978-1-4952-0431-9. Retrieved May 18, 2014. A preview is available at the link if you are a registered Amazon buyer via their "Look Inside!" feature. Click on the cover and use "XXXV" as the search term to preview the cited pages.
- ^ The Roman Empire and Its Germanic Peoples. By Herwig Wolfram
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- ^ Van Ruysbroeck, Willem (January 1, 1998). The Journey of William of Rubruck to the Eastern Parts of the World, 1253-1255 (Hardcover). Rockhill, William Woodville (translator) (New ed. of 1900 ed.). Asian Educational Services. p. 107. ISBN 978-81-206-1338-6.
- ^ a b Pritsak, Omeljan (December 1982). "The Hunnic Language of the Attila Clan" (PDF). Harvard Ukrainian Studies (Ukrainian Research Institute, Harvard University) VI (4): 428–476. ISSN 0363-5570. Retrieved May 18, 2014.
̕Άττίλα/Atilla In 1955 I showed that ̕Αττίλας/Attila should be analyzed as a composite title consisting of *es 'great, old', *t il 'sea, ocean', and the suffix /a/. The stressed back syllabic til (= t il) assimilated the front member es, so it became *as. The consonantic sequence s-t (as til-) became, due to metathesis, t-s, which by assimilation resulted in tt. In 1981 I was able to establish a Danube-Bulgarian nominative-suffix /A/ from the consonantic stems. Recalling that Danube-Bulgarian was a Hunnic language, I can now add to the data in the article of 1955 the following: the Hunnic title attíla is a nominative, (in /A/) form of attíl- (< *etsíl < *es tíl) with the meaning "the oceanic, universal [ruler];" cf. the title of the Pečeneg ruler Куря, i.e., Kür+ä, meaning "universal" (cf. no. 3).(p. 444.)
- ^ a b c d e Maenchen-Helfen, Otto (August 1973). The World of the Huns: Studies in Their History and Culture. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-01596-8. Retrieved June 7, 2014.
- ^ Bruhns, Annette (March 26, 2013). "Die Epoche der Völkerwanderung: Bestien auf zwei Beinen" [The Age of Mass Migration: Beasts on Two Legs]. Spiegel Online: Wissenschaft [Science] (in German). SPIEGELnet GmbH. Archived from the original on April 28, 2014. Retrieved May 18, 2014.
- ^ Snædal, M. (2015). ATTILA. Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia, (20), 211-219. [2]
- ^ a b c d e f g h Lebedynsky, Iaroslav; Escher, Katalin (December 1, 2007). Le dossier Attila [The Attila Report] (Paperback) (in French). Editions Errance. ISBN 978-2-87772-364-0.
- ^ Given, John (2014). The Fragmentary History of Priscus: Attila, the Huns and the Roman Empire, AD 430-476. (Paperback). Evolution Publishing. ISBN 978-1-935228-14-1.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Rouche, Michel (July 3, 2009). Attila: la violence nomade [Attila: the Nomadic Violence] (Paperback) (in French). [Paris]: Fayard. ISBN 978-2-213-60777-1.
- ^ Grousset, Rene (1970). The Empire of the Steppes. Rutgers University Press. p. 38. ISBN 0-8135-1304-9.
- ^ De Guignes, Joseph (1756–1758). Histoire Générale Des Huns, Des Turcs, Des Mogols, Et Des Autres Tartares Occidentaux, &c. Avant Et Depuis Jésus-Christ Jusqu'à Présent: Précédée ... Qui Ont Regné Dans L'a... [General History of the Huns, Turks, Mongols, and of Other Western Tartars, &c. Before and Since Jesus Christ Up to Now: Preceded by ... Who Have Reigned in ...] (Paperback) (in French). Ulan Press (published August 31, 2012). ASIN B009KLUH2G. Note: This book, published in 1756 (MDCCLVI), is available online free of charge from Google Books.
- ^ "Transylvania through the age of migrations". Eliznik.org.uk. Archived from the original on October 20, 2013. Retrieved August 22, 2010.
- ^ Calise, J. M. P. (August 30, 2002). Pictish Sourcebook: Documents of Medieval Legend and Dark Age History (Hardcover). Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. p. 279. ISBN 978-0-313-32295-2. Retrieved June 6, 2014.
- ^ Arutiunov, Sergei (October 1, 1998). Paulston, Christina Bratt; Peckham, Donald, eds. Linguistic Minorities in Central and Eastern Europe (Hardcover). Multilingual Matters. p. 100. ISBN 978-1-85359-416-8. Retrieved June 6, 2014.
- ^ Canfield, Robert L., ed. (April 30, 2002). Turko-Persia in Historical Perspective (Paperback). Cambridge University Press. p. 49. ISBN 978-0-521-52291-5. Retrieved June 6, 2014.
- ^ Frazee, Charles A. (November 2002). Two Thousand Years Ago: the World at the Time of Jesus (Hardcover). William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-8028-4805-5.
- ^ Vovin, Alexander (2000). "Did the Xiongnu speak a Yeniseian language?". Central Asiatic Journal 44 (1). ISBN 978-3-447-09164-0. ISSN 0008-9192.
- ^ Waldman, Carl; Mason, Catherine (April 1, 2006). Encyclopedia of European Peoples. Facts On File. p. 393. ISBN 978-0-8160-4964-6. Retrieved June 7, 2014.
- ^ Deschodt, Éric (May 1, 2006). Folio Biographies (Book 13): Attila (Paperback) (in French). [Paris]: Éditions Gallimard. p. 24. ISBN 978-2-07-030903-0.
- ^ Schreiber, Hermann (1976). Die Hunnen: Attila probt den Weltuntergang [The Huns: Attila Rehearses the End of the World] (Hardcover) (in German) (1st ed.). Düsseldorf: Econ. p. 314. ISBN 978-3-430-18045-0.
- ^ Bóna, István (April 8, 2002). Les Huns: le grand empire barbare d'Europe (IVe-Ve siècles) [The Huns: The Great Empire of Barbaric Europe IVth–Vth Century] (Paperback) (in French). Escher, Katalin (translation of the Hungarian). Paris: Errance. ISBN 978-2-87772-223-0.
- ^ a b Lebedynsky, Iaroslav (2011). La campagne d'Attila en Gaule [The Campaign of Attila in Gaul] (Paperback) (in French). Clermont-Ferrand: Lemme edit. ISBN 978-2-917575-21-5.
- ^ Howarth, Patrick (1995). Attila, King of the Huns: The Man and The Myth (Hardcover). Barnes & Noble Books. pp. 36–37. ISBN 978-0-7607-0033-4. Retrieved June 6, 2014.
- ^ Dupuy, R. Ernest; Dupuy, Trevor N. (March 1993). The Harper Encyclopedia of Military History: From 3500 BC to the Present (Hardcover) (4th ed.). HarperCollins. p. 189. ISBN 978-0062700568.
- ^ Haas, Christopher. "Embassy to Attila: Priscus of Panium". Villanova University. Archived from the original on February 21, 2014. Retrieved May 18, 2014.
- ^ a b Bury, J. B. (c. 1904). "Lecture IX: Attila's Attack on Gaul and Italy". The Invasion of Europe by the Barbarians. Hearnshaw, F. J. C. (transcriber). University of Cambridge: (Online via The Northvegr Foundation). Archived from the original on June 13, 2010. Retrieved May 18, 2014.
- ^ Hodgkin, Thomas (2011). Italy and Her Invaders: 376–476. (Paperback). Volume II. Book 2. The Hunnish Invasion; Book 3. The Vandal Invasion and the Herulian Mutiny. New York: Adegi Graphics LLC. ISBN 978-0-543-95157-1. The vitae are summarized in this Elibron Classics title, a reprint of the original 1880 edition published by the Clarendon Press in Oxford.
- ^ Goyau, Georges (1912). "Troyes". The Catholic Encyclopedia vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved May 18, 2014.
- ^ a b c d e Thompson, E. A.; Heather, Peter (May 4, 1999). The Huns (Paperback) (Revised from the 1948 ed.). Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-631-21443-4. Retrieved May 19, 2014. A preview of some of the referenced pages is available at the link if you are a registered Amazon buyer via their "Look Inside!" feature. Click on the cover and use "abandon Italy" as the search term to preview pages 159 and 161–164; a preview of page 160 is unavailable.
- ^ "Udine". Friuli Venezia Giulia. Agenzia Turismo Friuli Venezia Giulia. Archived from the original on July 31, 2013. Retrieved June 7, 2014.
- ^ Kirsch, Johann Peter (1910). "Pope St. Leo I (the Great)". The Catholic Encyclopedia vol. 9. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved May 19, 2014.
- ^ Man, John (February 17, 2009). Attila: the Barbarian King Who Challenged Rome (1st St. Martin's Griffin ed.). New York: Thomas Dunne Books/St. Martin's Press. p. 264. ISBN 978-0-312-53939-9. Retrieved June 7, 2014. A preview of the cited page is available at the link if you are a registered Amazon buyer via their "Look Inside!" feature. Click on the cover and use "varices" as the search term to preview the cited page.
- ^ Chadwick, Hector Munro (1926). The Heroic Age. London: Cambridge University Press. p. 39, n 1.
- ^ a b "Völsunga Saga" (Online). Morris, William; Magnússon, Eiríkr (translators). The Northvegr Foundation. 1888. Archived from the original on July 25, 2013. Retrieved May 20, 2014.
- ^ a b "Atlakvitha en Grönlenzka" [The Greenland Lay of Atli]. The Poetic Edda. Bellows, Henry Adams (translator). Internet Sacred Text Archive. 1936. Archived from the original on April 9, 2014. Retrieved May 20, 2014.
- ^ Babcock, Michael A. (July 5, 2005). The Night Attila Died: Solving the Murder of Attila the Hun (Hardcover) (1st ed.). Berkley Books. ISBN 978-0-425-20272-2.
- ^ Creasy, Edward Shepherd (1969). "Chapter VI. The Battle of Chalons, A.D. 451". Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World from Marathon to Waterloo (Harper New and Enlarged 1908 ed. of the original 1851 ed.). Heritage Press/BiblioLife. p. 149. ASIN B000LF91OK. Retrieved May 20, 2014.
In the title which he assumed, we shall see the skill with which he availed himself of the legends and creeds of other nations as well as of his own. He designated himself 'Attila, Descendant of the Great Nimrod. Nurtured in Engaddi. By the grace of God, King of the Huns, the Goths, the Danes, and the Medes. The Dread of the World.'Note: The Third Edition of this book, published in 1852, is available online free of charge from Google Books; the referenced quotation in that edition falls on page 225.
- ^ Geary, Patrick J. (October 28, 1994). "Chapter 3. Germanic Tradition and Royal Ideology in the Ninth Century: The Visio Karoli Magni". Living with the Dead in the Middle Ages (Paperback) (1st ed.). Cornell University Press. p. 63. ISBN 978-0-8014-8098-0. Retrieved June 6, 2014.
- ^ Oakeshott, Ewart (May 17, 2012). "Chapter Eight. The Curved and Single-Edged Swords of the Sixteenth Century". European Weapons and Armour: From the Renaissance to the Industrial Revolution (Paperback reprint ed.). Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press. p. 151. ISBN 978-1-84383-720-6. Retrieved June 7, 2014.
- ^ Róna-Tas, András (July 1, 1999). "Chapter XIV. Historical Traditions, Attila and the Hunnish-Magyar Kinship". Hungarians and Europe in the Early Middle Ages: An Introduction to Early Hungarian History (Hardcover). Bodoczky, Nicholas (translator) (English ed.). Budapest: Central European University Press. p. 425. ISBN 978-963-9116-48-1. Retrieved May 20, 2014. A preview of the cited page is available at the link if you are a registered Amazon buyer via their "Look Inside!" feature. Click on the cover and use "Solomon crowned" as the search term to preview the cited page.
- ^ Fillitz, Hermann (1986). Die Schatzkammer in Wien: Symbole abendländischen Kaisertums [The Vault in Vienna: Symbols of Occidental Imperial Rule] (Hardcover) (in German). Salzburg: Residenz. ISBN 978-3-7017-0443-9. See a photo of part of The Sword of God at the Hungarian Cultural Advisory Council of Chicago website.
- ^ "Medieval Sourcebook: Leo I and Attila". Fordham University. January 1996. Archived from the original on January 28, 2014. Retrieved May 20, 2014.
- ^ Gibbon, Edward (1776–1789). History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Milman, Rev. H. H. (notes). London: Strahan & Cadell. Chapter XXXV. Invasion By Attila.—Part I. (Online).
- ^ "Atlamol en Grönlenzku [The Greenland Ballad of Atli]". The Poetic Edda. Bellows, Henry Adams (translator). Internet Sacred Text Archive. 1936. Archived from the original on April 9, 2014. Retrieved May 20, 2014.
- ^ Innes, Matthew (June 26, 2000). "Chapter 10. Teutons or Trojans? The Carolingians and the Germanic past". In Hen, Yitzhak; Innes, Matthew. The Uses of the Past in the Early Middle Ages (Paperback). Cambridge University Press. p. 245. ISBN 978-0-521-63998-9.
- ^ Thayer, Alexander Wheelock (1921). Forbes, Elliot, ed. Thayer's Life of Beethoven (Paperback) (Revised 1967 ed.). Princeton University Press (published 1991). p. 524. ISBN 978-0-691-02717-3. Retrieved May 20, 2014.
... I could not refrain from the lively wish to possess an opera from your unique talent .... I should prefer one from the darker periods, Attila, etc., for instance, ...
- ^ Nehru, Jawaharlal (1934). Glimpses of World History (Paperback). London: Penguin Books India (published March 30, 2004). p. 919. ISBN 978-0-14-303105-5.
- ^ "Attilas Schwert über Oesterreich: Mit ferngelenktem "New Look"" [Attila's Sword over Austria: With remote-controlled "New Look"] (Online). Vol. 45/1948 (in German). Der Spiegel. November 6, 1948. Retrieved May 20, 2014.
- ^ Martin, Elizabeth, ed. (December 2006). A Dictionary of World History (Hardcover) (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-19-920247-8. Retrieved June 7, 2014.
The invasion, which was likened to the action of Attila the Hun, put into effect Turkey's scheme for the partition of Cyprus (Atilla Plan).A preview of the cited page is available at the link if you are a registered Amazon buyer via their "Look Inside!" feature. Click on the cover and use "Attila Plan" as the search term to preview the cited page.
- Primary sources
- Given, John (2014). The Fragmentary History of Priscus: Attila, the Huns and the Roman Empire, AD 430-476. (Paperback). Christian Roman Empire series, volume 11. Merchantville, NJ: Evolution Publishing. ISBN 978-1-935228-14-1. This is an English translation of the complete list of confirmed and possible fragments of Priscus's history in rough chronological order with explanatory text by the translator.
- Priscus. Byzantine History. Bury, J. B. (English translation). Priscus at the court of Attila (online); Dindorf, Ludwig (1870) (the original Greek). Historici Graeci Minores. Leipzig: Teubner.
- Jordanes. The Origin and Deeds of the Goths (online). Translated by Mierow, Charles C.
- Historiography
- Babcock, Michael A. (July 5, 2005). The Night Attila Died: Solving the Murder of Attila the Hun (Hardcover) (1st ed.). Berkley Books. ISBN 978-0-425-20272-2.
- Blockley, R. C. (December 15, 1983). The Fragmentary Classicising Historians of the Later Roman Empire. Eunapius, Olympiodorus, Priscus and Malchus. (Hardcover). ARCA Series, Book 10. Vol. II. Text, Translation and Historiographical Notes. Liverpool: Francis Cairns Publications. ISBN 978-0-905205-15-1. This is a collection of fragments from Priscus, Olympiodorus, and others, with original text and translation.
- Gibbon, Edward (1776–1789). History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Milman, Rev. H. H. (notes). London: Strahan & Cadell. Guttenberg Project 1996–97 online edition of the revised 1845 edition.
- Gordon, C. D. (October 15, 1960). The age of Attila. Boak, Arthur E. R. (foreword). University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-06111-2. This is a translated collection, with commentary and annotation, of ancient writings on the subject, including Priscus.
- Heather, Peter (December 1, 2005). The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History of Rome and the Barbarians (Hardcover). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-515954-7.
- Howarth, Patrick (1995). Attila, King of the Huns: The Man and The Myth (Hardcover). Barnes & Noble Books. ISBN 978-0-7607-0033-4.
- Macartney, C. A. (1934). "The End of the Huns". Journal of Hellenic Studies 10: 106–114.
- Maenchen-Helfen, Otto J. (August 1973). Knight, Max, ed. The World of the Huns: Studies in Their History and Culture (Hardcover) (1st ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-01596-8.
- Man, John (February 17, 2009). Attila: the Barbarian King Who Challenged Rome (1st St. Martin's Griffin ed.). New York: Thomas Dunne Books/St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0-312-53939-9.
- Thompson, E. A.; Heather, Peter (1948). The Huns (Paperback). Peoples of Europe Series (Revised from the 1948 ed.). Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell (published May 4, 1999). ISBN 978-0-631-21443-4. This is the authoritative English work on the subject. Originally titled, A History of Attila and the Huns, Thompson did not enter controversies over Hunnic origins and considers that Attila's victories were achieved only when there was no concerted opposition. The 1999 edition includes an "Afterword" by Heather which adds substantial new material and explains how the revised edition came to be. A preview of many of the pages of the Afterword is available at the link if you are a registered Amazon buyer via their "Look Inside!" feature. Click on the cover and use "Afterword" as the search term to preview several pages from that section.
External links
- Media related to Attila the Hun at Wikimedia Commons
|Regnal titles
|Preceded by
|Hunnic rulers
jointly with Bleda
|Succeeded by


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Missouri Secretary of State's Office
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Main Office: (573) 751-4936
News Releases
Tuesday, July 16, 2013
Contact: Communications Department, (573) 751-1880
Three Initiative Petitions Open for Public Comment
Jefferson City, Mo. — Secretary of State Jason Kander today announced that his office has approved the form of three initiative petitions, and the petitions are now open for public comment.
The three initiative petitions are:
- 2014-40: A petition amending Article III of the Missouri Constitution, submitted by Jewell Patek
- 2014-41: A petition amending Article III of the Missouri Constitution, submitted by Whitfield Montgomery
- 2014-42: A petition amending Article I of the Missouri Constitution, submitted by Whitfield Montgomery
Missourians can provide public comment for each of the initiative petitions at http://www.sos.mo.gov/comment.
The five-day public comment period allows Missourians to offer their observations on the submitted proposal online or by mail or phone. The office has 10 days after the form of the petition is approved to draft the ballot summary language, during which time the office will review all comments.
In his first month in office, Kander instituted the public comment process, which includes posting the proposed initiative petition online as soon as its form is approved, to make the process more accessible and transparent for Missourians.
Visit www.sos.mo.gov to learn more about the Office of the Missouri Secretary of State.
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here is a drawing i did from september. our class was doing bamboo stick and ink drawing. this is a practice one of a fish! the real picture was much better.
looks great conty
sniggles thats good, its not easy using ink
cheers mmasonghi, ive done a bit more to it
a bit more of the Stephen fry i promised
it's looking really good conty!
FINISHED Rhino Drawing
close up of drawing
Hi! I'm a production master degree student. I must do a homework about animation. I must describe how I will organize the production of a shortfilm. But I don't even know how much time it takes to make the popets/characters? How much time does it takes to shoot a short animated film? how much money does it cost to produce the characters? Can anybody help me please.
conty! wow the rhino looks fantastic!!! this is probably one of the best drawings i have seen you post on this forum!
cheers sniggles
Hey there guys. Sorry I havn't been on here for a while. I've been busy on deviantart putting my drawing up on there.
Havn't made any progress on Jay Sean. I've been too busy =(
Rhino is great conty!! I couldn't do that.
I'm entering a competition to win roguhly in pounds 100,000!!!/ In AUS $50,000
I have to make a design on a Converse All Star shoe.
got 4 days to do it....
Wish me luck
@aleglezu- It depends on what sort of materials your working on. If you wanted to make an animation from clay, it would approx take about 4 hours to have the finishing product film last around 2 and a half minutes. It's a lot of work...
It costs a fair bit to shoot even a short film. As you need helpers to do it, and the right animation equipment...
For me it takes about a week to finalize a character/puppet. That includes doing a rough sketch of it deciding how it acts and finally producing that certain character.
Hope that helps. Sorry I don't know much seeing as I have never worked in any sort of animation and I am still in high school in year 7.
How do you get a image profile
just finished a Cocker Spaniel drawing
that looks really good! and god luck posty!
Conty, you're too talented! Those are really really good!
thanks thats kind to say but i have so much more to learn yet
Matteh fatteh!
Good pic though seeing as it's done on the pc.
oh, yeah. I also posted this other picture i did on the "your creations" page, do you think it will get featured or will it be too off topic? (i guess the guy in the picture is wearing W&G pants so thats a start)...
creepy, it got featured just as i refreshed my page...
-New pictures!-
response to a funny thread i saw (you have to see it) :
the new Daleks remind me of a product made by apple:
I thought you guys might like to know, Stephen Fry tweeted a photo of me with his drawing global last night and he sent me a message, my inbox nearly had a melt down, i am SO happy!!
Great work conty! You deserve it...
I have to draw someone a picture of a GypsyVanner horse.
Thanks guys, things have gone a bit mad since Stephen Fry Tweeted my art work. David Shepherds wildlife foundation have rung me up as i am drawing a Tiger and they are tying to save the Tiger, its called Tiger Time.
YOU can help save the Tiger by visiting this site, sign up and show your support
also a few newspapers have contacted me, so looks like i will be in the papers next week LOL
heres a photo of me drawing the Tiger, still got loads more to do yet
my amy pond one
ive just been training and my sports coach came in carrying this!!!! he got it on a board outside a news agents LOL what a shock
heres what they are talking about, this drawing i done of Stephen Fry
Haha, I had to go on twitter to see it. It's VERY GOOD.
Well Done, it's Fantastic
Great work everyone - and well done conty, what an excellent drawing!
thankyou kirsten, apparently i was on the HTV news tonight about my drawings!!
They didnt tell me so i missed it LOL
The Daily Mirror rang me up yesterday so i dont know if its going in that paper too, Its been in 4 newspapers today. its all gone a bit mad
ahaha! that's amazing! congrats though!!!!
Great Job Conty!!
im on TV again tonight on HTV at 6 oclock gotta rush
anyone that would like to see me on TV talking about my drawings heres 2 links, my knees were like jelly!!
Your a amazing drawer Conty. Absoluely brilliant!!!
Thankyou roosterlee
I didn't see the link your posted about you on TV. Wow your a great artist!
Well Done Conty!!
cool stuff conty all of that to the creation contest ill vote 5 stars
aleglezu -
It takes a couple of days or about a week to make a animated short film,which runs for about three to five minutes. As you have to move the models and edit the video afterwards.
It depends on what materials you use for your set. But the set and armatures would cost quite alot.
Good luck with your project. Hope my information helps.
here's one i just drew
Well the other day I drew a picture of the American Flag, and my friends took it down to downtown Manhattan and placed it on a wall dedicated to the victims of 9/11. Just remember this day and pray for all the victims of that day. I am glad my artwork was able to make a small difference.
Hey there drawers! here's Avril Lavigne for ya!
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Comet support in GlassFish: a presentation
This week I've talked about Comet support in Glassfish at our BluePrints Web 2.0 & AJAX Weekly internal Tech Meeting. If you are interested to read it, just go here. Most of the information is already available in my blogs, but this is a good resume. I did it from Montreal, over the phone and it seems peoples from several groups at Sun where listening my beautiful franglish. Sorry, you will not have the chance to listen to this new language :-). As always, feedback is welcome.
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All the latest on the world's youngest royals
It's safe to say most of us dream of breaking the endless cycle of hair removal regimes.
Shaving, waxing and epilating – it's a constant chore.
So we were extremely excited to find a product that could spell the end of our expensive and tiresome quest for smooth, hair-free skin without having to spend a small fortune on clinical treatments.
HoMedics have brought out the first at-home hair reduction system, which works by gently gliding over your skin.
Combining laser and EPL, the powerful technology is clinically proven to reduce hair by up to 89% after only four treatments.
It can be used all over the body and on the face (from the cheekbones down).
All the latest on the world's youngest royals


text:
Metal Gear Scanlon V - Part 06
Become Premium to Watch
Don't play this game.
The Beginner's Guide offers a personal and sometimes eerie perspective on amateur game development.
Destiny's biggest expansion to date makes the game a whole lot more enjoyable and easier to recommend.
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Six NES Moero!! games on one cartridge.
A Japanese DSiWare action game were you save victims as a Firefighter.
Puchi Puchi Virus is a puzzle game developed by Nippon Ichi Software Inc. Form at least a single triangle formation by linking viruses together, thus erasing them from the screen.
Sequel to Nep League DS.
Game based on the Fuji TV quiz/variety show NEP League featuring Japanese comedy trio Neptunes.
A mahjong game for PSP and Nintendo DS.
World Super Police is a cops vs. robbers game.
Kingdom Under Fire takes the action of the Dynasty Warriors franchise and mingles in strategic elements from the RTS genre
The game where rhythm action button presses meets bouncing cars
A game in which you control your very own army of goblins. Players can choose between different types of units and heroes to wage war against rival hordes.
Karnaaj Rally is a combat racing game that was released by the game developer Paragon 5 in January of 2003. Karnaaj Rally has a total of 22 tracks with 14 vehicles, it also has link support for up to 4 players.
Futuristic racing game. Unique orb system for speeding around turns.
A platformer released for the Game Boy Advance. It is a reboot of the franchise and was developed by Game Titan, rather than Epic Games, the developer of the previous Jazz Jackrabbit games.
Rare survival horror title for the Dreamcast. Despite being financially unsuccessful, the game earned a cult following for its notable combination of atypical gameplay elements (e.g. trap detection) and bizarre B-movie style comedy-horror themes, dialogue and voice acting.
Third person survival horror game based on the anime movie and book series of the same name.
A Moero!! Pro Yakyuu game for WonderSwan
Carrier is a horror game released for the Dreamcast; it was developed by Jaleco. Carrier is known for the main character's name: JESSIFER.
Landmaker for playstation
Juggernaut is an adventure game that will creep you out, it spans three discs for the PlayStation.
K-1 Grand Prix is a Kickboxing game, developed by Xing Entertainment and published by Jaleco Entertainment, which was released in 2000.
An Idol Janshi Suchie-Pai mahjong game for Dreamcast.
Ganso Jajamaru-kun is an enhanced remake of the original Jajamaru-kun game
In this game, you get to move an "irritating Stick" through a maze without touching the walls!
A puzzle game developed by Cave.
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- Organization
- Leadership
- Reports
Staff from the Veterans Affairs & Rehabilitation Division are discussing issues and concerns about mental health care during a meeting with representatives from the following organizations: the National Board for Certified Counselors, American Counseling Association, American Mental Health Counselors Association and the California Association of Marriage and Family. Mental health care will be the focus of the Legion's System Worth Saving Task Force for its upcoming round of site visits to VA medical centers this fall.
Find out what else we are doing for veterans »


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Presented by The Red Room @ Cafe 939 at The Red Room at Cafe 939
February 21, 2013
Toughcats come from the islands of North Haven and Vinalhaven, 12 miles off the coast of Maine. They are a nationally touring indie Americana rock trio and have released two albums, with a third on the way. In 2006, they released their first full-length album, Piñata. In 2010, Toughcats released Run to the Mill, and in September 2012, Woodenball, recorded and mixed by Nelson and mastered by Jeff Lipton (Spoon, Andrew Bird, Magnetic Fields).
939 Boylston Street
Boston, MA 02215
Admission Info:
$12 General Admission
Phone: 9494633540
Accessibility Information: Currently, no accessibility information is available for this event.


text: As a 17 year veteran police officer I'm disturbed by the actions of these deputies. I have no problem with the initial protective sweep. IE checking for a victim or possibly an armed suspect. However the entry into the safe and the subsequent seizure of property is clearly wrong. The prosecutor would have done well to just dismiss all charges I think.


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Barbara Bird
Department of Management
- Professor Bird's research interests include entrepreneurial cognition and entrepreneurial behavior. She has research projects examining new venture liabilities of newness and strategic alliances. She authored Entrepreneurial Behavior and several scholarly journal articles in Academy of Management Review, Organization Science, and Journal of Applied Psychology. She is past chair of the Entrepreneurship Division of the Academy of Management and currently serves as Historian. Her travels have taken her to EU, Brazil, Peru, China, Turkey and Syria.
DegreesB.A., psychology, Fresno State College; M.A., social psychology, University of Western Ontario; Ph.D., University of Southern California
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- KSB - Management
- Kogod - 216
- M TH 9:30-11, 12:45-2 and by appointment after 3:30 on M and TH as well as other times
To request an interview for a
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at 202-885-5950 or submit a request.
Scholarly, Creative & Professional Activities
Honors, Awards, and Fellowships
Professor Barbara Bird's co-authored paper "The Practical Intelligence of High Potential Entrepreneurs: Antecedents and a Link with New Venture Growth," was awarded an IDEA Award: 2008 Entrepreneurship, Theory & Practice Best Conceptual Paper by the Academy of Management.
AU Expert
Area of Expertise: Entrepreneurship (thinking styles, behavior, competencies, management, human resources, business plans); leadership; women entrepreneurs; entrepreneurial intuition and expertise, competition cognitions, organizational behavior; creativity in organizations
Additional Information: Barbara J. Bird serves as associate editor of Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. She is currently leading efforts to find common terms and measures for entrepreneurial behavior, including delivering the keynote address at Gateway 2010 (St. Louis) and editing a special issue of Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice on the topic. Her research also focuses on the behavior, intelligence, and other thought patterns of entrepreneurs including a paper in Personnel Psychology (with R. Baum), "Practical intelligence of entrepreneurs: Antecedents and a link with new venture growth," and in Organization Science (with R. Baum), "The successful intelligence of high growth entrepreneurs: Links to new venture growth." She has served as business specialist (reviewing business plans) for the Advanced Technology Program of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and on the Small Business Innovation Research Project for the National Science Foundation. Her current work includes analysis of the NIST data collected and focuses on liabilities of new organizations and strategic alliance changes in these high-technology projects.
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To request an interview please call AU Media Relations at 202-885-5950 or submit an interview request form.
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Kogod Female Faculty Outnumber Most Competitors
Three new female Kogod associate professors reflective of the school's high percentage of women tenure ...
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BPL Community Profile
John Donewar (Newton) - BPL Lifetime Member
You cannot send this user a personal message (PM) because they have not specified a PM email address yet.
All Forum Posts by John Donewar
Showing 1751 - 1760 of 1770 | Page: 1 ...158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177
Re: "giving myself an UL life"
Hi Mike, Try reading "Lighten Your Heaviest Gear: You!". It is an article on the BPL website by Jeremy Pendrey in Techniques & Best Practices. Start out by clicking articles and ...
Re: Custom Tarp Tent for 2 Pictures
Ty, Very good pictures of a really great looking project. I'm looking at a similar project for my next sewing machine adventure. I've been bitten hard by the MYOG bug. The only thin...
"Single best piece of advice"
Carry more gear and you will like camping more. Carry less gear and you will enjoy hiking more. Party On ! 2010 Newton
"Your opinions on shelter"
Even though I sleep much better in the recliner chair style position afforded me in my hammock the urge to go lighter has me looking into tarp style tents. I am in no hurry to get back to the grou...
"Your opinions on shelter"
Let me add some "weight" to this thread. :-) :-) My first tent was a $14.00 K-Mart special rip stop nylon pup tent style that I treated with 4 or 5 cans of silicone waterproofing spray...
Re: "Nicknames"
Click on my avatar and read my short bio. In 2008 my wife's cousin got me hooked on hiking. Since I was new to hiking and had no trail name (nickname) as of yet I had to pick one. Newton =...
Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Moras are not full tang :-)
Joseph, We'll be starting out a little North of Erwin, TN and hopefully end up in Damascus, VA. Party On ! 2010 Newton
Re: Re: Re: Moras are not full tang
Joseph, I have not been steered away from Cody Lundin's books. I agree with you about "98.6 Degrees" being a great book. Notice how I sign my posts. I have adopted and modifie...
Re: Tang, schmang
Dale, We're in agreement on all points. I got exactly what I was looking for in the Mora. It has the best combination of strength, size, lightness and low cost that I have found to date....
Re: Moras are not full tang
Joseph, I stand corrected and appreciate the input. A picture is worth a thousand words and yours explain eloquently the differences between full and rat tail tangs. I missed the obvious dif...
All Reader Reviews by John Donewar
Showing 1 - 2 of 2 | Page: 1
Under Armour Men's UA Escape 7" Solid Shorts
Here are the particulars. Ultra-lightweight woven fabric. Mesh internal liner. 360° Reflectivity Hand pockets for your essentials. 7" inseam 2.2 oz. Polyester
Scope Outlast
This is a first for me as I have never posted a gear review before. The Scope Outlast Minibrush probably isn't really even considered as hiking gear.


text:
Latest Version: 188.8.131.52
Allows you to access more variables from iTunes!
Instructions are included with the download, and are found in the readme.txt
Download 188.8.131.52 here
Old Versions:
Download 18.104.22.168 here
Access information regarding the iTunes Library!
-Able to check if iTunes is either Stopped/Paused, Playing, Fast Forwarding or Rewinding! Now you can create play/pause icons!
-Able to get information about the currently playing playlist, from the total duration of the current playlist, or even if the playlist is shuffled!
-Able to get the current song's position in: percentage format, time format (m:ss: 1.53) and even in seconds!
-All variables are easily identified and in appropriate sections (playlist information is in the playlist folder; track information is in the track folder)
Any feedback/bug reports/comments/constructive criticism are appreciated! Thanks alot!


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Paying Tribute to the Greatest Tiger Team of My Generation
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September 16, 1984 Tigers 8, Blue Jays 3 (95-54)
This one was over relatively quickly as the Tigers rallied for seven runs in the first three innings. Six different Tigers drove in runs, and seven different Tigers scored. Marty Castillo, Tom Brookens and Larry Herndon all hit homers for the Tigers.
Four Tiger pitchers combined to hold the Jays to six hits and three runs (two earned). Juan Berenguer pitched five solid innings to earn his ninth win.
The Tigers took the series and basically won the division with two nice performances. They drew over 135,000 fans for the three game series, as Tigers fans everywhere were celebrating.
August 15, 1984 Tigers 8, Angels 3 (78-43)
At this stage of the season, with Jack Morris' struggles, Dan Petry had become the ace in that he seemed to come up with a win to put a stop to any kind of substantial losing streak. Dan pitched eight solid innings, giving up eight hits and three runs. The Angels had the lead once, going up 2-1 in the fourth, but the Tigers bounced back with two runs in the bottom half of the inning to take the lead for good. Willie Hernandez pitched a perfect ninth to finish the game off.
Tom Brookens had the big game, going three for three with two RBIs. Barbero Garbey went three for three, Dave Bergman drove in three runs, and Kirk Gibson scored three times. It was a solid all around performance by the team.
August 6, 1984 Tigers 9, Red Sox 7 (73-38)
Dan Petry didn't have his best stuff, as he gave up six runs and eleven hits in only 4 2/3 innings, but Bob Ojeda was just as worse, as the Tigers scored six on the Red Sox starter as well. Aurelio Lopez pitched 2 2/3 to improve to 8-0, and Willie Hernandez picked up his 23rd save.
Chet Lemon and Lance Parrish both knocked in three runs and hit homers. Tom Brookens added a solo shot and scored two runs.
August 6, 1984 Red Sox 10, Tigers 2 (73-39)
A drubbing, plain and simple. Carl Willis got one batter before getting pulled, and Doug Bair didn't much better. By the end of the fourth inning, the Tigers were down 9-1. Rookie starter Roger Clemens threw a solid eight innings, holding the Tigers to six hits while striking out nine.
Tom Brookens had the only multihit game, going two for four, and Howard Johnson hit a solo shot.
August 3, 1984 Royals 9, Tigers 6 (72-35)
Milt Wilcox was cruising along until the Royals hit him hard in the fourth. By the end of the inning, Wilcox would be sitting, and Aurilio Lopez would be in the game. Lopez threw another six innings of relief, but it still wasn't enough.
Lou Whitaker went four for five, and Alan Trammell and Tom Brookens hit homeruns.
August 1, 1984 Indians 4, Tigers 2 (71-34)
A good pitching performance by Dan Petry went to waste, as Cleveland's Steve Farr shut down the Tigers. In all, the Tigers only managed three hits, one of which was a two run shot by Dave Bergman, his sixth. Tom Brookens made two errors at shortstop that led to an unearned run.
June 22, 1984 Tigers 7, Brewers 3 (50-18)
Well, it wasn't exactly a "full" house, but close to 49,000 fans showed up to see the Tigers win their 50th game of the season. A strong six innings by Dave Rozema, who improved to 4-0, got the Tigers off to a nice start, and Willie Hernandez struck out five in 2 1/3 innings of one hit ball to earn his thirteenth save of the season.
Kirk Gibson and Larry Herndon drove in two, and Tom Brookens went two for two.
June 17, 1984 Tigers 7, Brewers 4 (47-16)
Dave Rozema improved to 3-0 with a solid five innings of four hit ball. Aurilio Lopez inherited a five run lead, and although he wasn't stellar, picked up his eighth save by going four innings to finish the game off.
The Tigers did the bulk of their damage in the fifth when they scored five runs. Tom Brookens had a two run triple, and Barbero Garbey scored by stealing home. Chet Lemon led the hit parade by going three for five while driving in two runs.
The Tigers headed home with three straight wins a struggling Yankees team still six games ahead of Toronto. The race at this point was pretty much a two team one, as Baltimore had tapered of to 11 1/2 back (still a better record then the division leading California Angels).
June 5, 1984 Blue Jays 8, Tigers 4 (39-12)
A six run fourth inning and four total homeruns by the Blue Jays did the Tigers in. Starter Glenn Abbott couldn't make it through four innings, and the ever reliable Doug Bair was hit hard as well.
Detroit managed eight hits and eight walks, but only four men crossed the plate. Brookens (double) and Herndon (triple) had the only extra base hits, and Kirk Gibson went two for four.
June 3, 1984 Orioles 2, Tigers 1 (38-11)
Another pretty poor performance all the way around by the Tigers as Mike Flanagan pitched a seven hit complete game shutout. The only ding against him was a solo shot by Tom Brookens, his first homer of the season.
Milt Wilcox struggled, but still kept Detroit in the game. He walked six in 5 2/3 innings. Dave Rozema finished the game by pitching 3 1/3 innings of one hit ball.
Tomorrow, the Tigers had their first season series against the Blue Jays, who now sat 4 1/4 back of Detroit. The Tigers were mired in a slump that would have been considered impossible, as they lost six of nine after starting the season 35-5.
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Principles of Code Enforcement | 9780132625913
ISBN-13: 9780132625913 See more
Author(s): James M. Foley
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For courses inbasic and advanced fire inspection, community risk reduction, advanced fire prevention administration, and promotional examinations. The text is also a useful reference for fire code administrators and fire inspectors already working in fire prevention bureaus.
Principles of Fire Code Enforcement provides a comprehensive overview of the everyday work practices of fire inspectors and the important role they play in fire risk reduction in their communities. The text's easy-to-follow format covers basic and advanced concepts for fire science students, fire inspectors, and fire officers seeking advancement in their fire service careers. Case studies and illustrations help readers understand and implement complex fire code and fire protection requirements and provide insight into practical approaches to improving response and recovery efforts in the community. This text addresses the FESHE requirements for fire code enforcement as well as NFPA 1031 and 1037 knowledge requirements.
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The Very Rev. Gary Hall, new dean of Washington National Cathedral, started out as a comedy writer for Steve Allen. He got the gig, he says, through his parents. Hall's father was an actor in Hollywood, his mother a costume designer. And the connection he forged through them with the comedian-turned-"Tonight Show" host made a lasting impression on Hall's approach to ministry.
"Steve was a big influence in my life," Hall says.


text:
SA is only an hour ahead during the UK summer and two hours during the winter – so there's no jet-lag to disorientate you on arrival (or on your way home for that matter). Moreover, English is widely spoken and driving is on the left – ideal if you prefer to hit the open road and explore the country at your own pace. The country also has one of the highest daily sunshine rates in the world and is blessed with a wonderful climate.Being in the Southern Hemisphere, the seasons are opposite to ours. Generally, summer stretches from October to April and over most of the country, this time of the year is characterised by hot weather – sunny days, balmy evenings and the occasional afternoon thunderstorm. This is particularly true in the Kruger National Park where the summer temperatures reach around 30°C and short afternoon lightening storms clear quickly, giving way to a warm, earthy, uniquely African smell.
May to November is the best time for whale watching along the coast and in the Kruger and Madikwe Game Reserves, winter brings crisp, dry, sunny days and cold nights, (average daily temperature 23°C) which is ideal for game viewing - the sparse vegetation makes it is easier to spot animals that are drawn to the waterholes. If you are staying at a private game lodge however, experienced rangers and trackers will ensure that you have a superb game viewing experience, no matter what time of the year you are travelling.Spring is a time of renewal and rejoicing in the Cape when a multitude of colourful plants cover the fields in an iridescent carpet of flowers. The most popular areas of South Africa are a hive of activity over Christmas and New Year, when locals embark on annual journeys to coastal towns and beaches. February and the approaching Autumn months are ideal for travelling as little rain falls, temperatures remain mild without being too hot and the beaches are less crowded.The Western Cape (in and around Cape Town and the Garden Route), enjoys a generally mild Mediterranean climate so the summer is warm and dry with a maximum temperature of around 26°C. Cape Town receives most of its rain during winter (June to August) but even so, winter in the city is fairly mild by UK standards, with an average temperature of 18°C.
The seasons are opposite to ours. Generally, summer stretches from October to April when most of the country experiences sunny days and balmy evenings. The Western Cape (in and around Cape Town and the Garden Route) enjoys a mild Mediterranean climate with warm dry summers – yet by contrast, in the Kruger, summer brings the occasional afternoon thunderstorm. Cape Town receives most of its rain during winter (June to August) whilst conversely, winter in the Kruger and the Madikwe brings crisp, dry sunny days and cold nights – ideal for game viewing (the sparse vegetation makes it easier to spot animals as they are drawn to the waterholes). May to November are the best months for whale watching along the coast near Hermanus, south of Cape Town.
Prevention against malaria is recommended for all travel to the Lowfeld of Mpumalanga (including Kruger National Park), Limpopo and on the Maputoland coast of KwaZulu-Natal. Malaria is at low risk in the winter months – however, it is advisable to use mosquito nets and insect repellent to avoid being bitten. Consult your doctor for advice on medical precautions against malaria. No vaccinations are required but please seek current travel advice from your GP at least 4 – 6 weeks prior to travel. Hepatitis A, Typhoid, Polio and Tetanus-Diphtheria are currently recommended. If entering South Africa from a yellow fever zone, possession of a valid international yellow fever inoculation certificate is essential.
No visa required for British passport holders staying up to 90 days but it is important to ensure that you have at least two consecutive clean pages in your passport. A validity of at least 6 months remaining on your passport following your trip is required.
GMT +2 hours
12 hours from London to Johannesburg and 12˝ hours 30 minutes from London to Cape Town
South African Rand


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Watch Selena Gomez Go On A Crime Spree In 'Spring Breakers' Trailer
January 17, 2013 11:28 AM
Ummm Justin Bieber might think twice about losing Selena Gomez when he takes a look at the trailer for her upcoming movie Spring Breakers.
The Disney daughter turned bikini clad gun toting starlet teams up with Vanessa Hudgens and James Franco for what looks to be a wild, insane and sexy crime filled movie based around four girls who have a little too much fun on their spring break.
Get More:
Movie Trailers, Movies Blog
The film also stars Pretty Little Liars' Ashley Benson, Rachel Korine and is due out this March.
-AJ Gordon, 97.1 AMP Radio/Los Angeles
For constant updates on what's happening at 97.1 AMP Radio, follow us on Facebook and Twitter @ampradio.


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Sporting steakhouse at the Dubai Creek Golf club 7 Reviews
Evening brunches
A selection from the Friday brunch event, served as an evening edition. Dhs335 (selected beverages). Dhs135 (soft drinks). Dhs295 (sparkling grape). 7pm - 10.30pm (Friday)
Friday brunch
Legends steakhouse offers all-you-can-eat salads, starters and desserts, and a choice of mains from the à la carte menu. Dhs235 (soft drinks), Dhs370 (selected house beverages), Dhs495 (premium bubbly), free for children under 7 Timings: Noon-3.30pm (Friday)
- Picture 1 of 2
From Time Out Dubai Eating Out 2008
Photos of sporting 'legends' greet you as you walk into this golf club eaterie, but the food is slightly off the mark. The crab cakes make a good starter, with a sweet chilli and mango dip to quench the fiery taste of the crunchy deep-fried fish.
The wild mushroom and asparagus feuillette isn't quite as top notch, with its exterior a little cold and its filo pastry soft rather than flaky. But it's the steaks you come here for, and whatever you choose you won't go far wrong. Every cut, whether it's an 8oz US Angus ribeye or the 8oz tenderloin, is torrentially juicy, slicing as easily as the butter accompanying your bread.
Home-made french fries and garlic mash are included, but other vegetables or side orders are extra. After all that you're going to be quite full, so don't worry about desserts like the apple crumble, which can be a little over-sweet. Worth mentioning is the daily earlybird deal – Dhs170 per person for starter, 8oz steak main, dessert and half-bottle of wine from 7pm-9pm.
By Time Out Dubai Staff
Time Out Dubai,
- Previous reviews
- 26 April,2015- reviewed by Time Out Dubai staff
- 28 September,2014- reviewed by Time Out Dubai staff
- 23 April,2014- reviewed by Time Out Dubai staff
- 10 April,2013- reviewed by Time Out Dubai staff
- 21 March,2012- reviewed by Time Out Dubai staff
- 23 January,2012- reviewed by Oliver Robinson
- 20 June,2007- reviewed by Time Out Dubai Staff
- 12 March,2007- reviewed by Time Out Dubai Staff
- 30 April,2006- reviewed by Time Out Dubai
- 01 April,2005- reviewed by Matthew Lee
- 01 December,2002- reviewed by Rob Orchard
- 01 April,2002- reviewed by Carolyn Robb
- 01 November,2001- reviewed by Time Out Dubai Staff
Time Out reviews restaurants anonymously and pays for meals. Of course, we cannot guarantee the accuracy or independence of user reviews.


text:
An XLR to RCA cable converts a balanced audio signal into an unbalanced signal. This is good for sending audio signals from an XLR source to an RCA input, or vice versa. Regardless of direction, the result will be an unbalanced signal.
This is a premium quality cable with gold plated connectors at each end. The cable is made with two 16 AWG oxygen-free copper conductors, in a twisted-pair arrangement, and is shielded along the full length with copper braid with 97.5% coverage.
This cable uses the standard pinout with pins 1 and 3 of the XLR connector wired to the shield of the RCA plug and pin 2 of the XLR connector wired to the tip of the RCA plug.
- 16AWG Stranded Copper Wire Conduits.
- 97.5% Shielded Connections
- Gold Plated Connectors
- Metallic Graphite Colored Connector Housings
- Molded Strain Relief Boots.
| rated by 6 user(s)
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Here is where my art happens…at least most of the time. It is my little niche in the world, my refuge, where I dream my dreams and where I try to paint them. Here I am surrounded by reality, as well as sentiment, tender reminders of my past and inspirations for the future. Here I hide from the world, but here I also take on the world. My sketchwork is posted on Africantapestry. Welcome to my atelier.
Click on image to enlarge.
This looks sooooo wonderful! I liked your paintings of it from your other blog ….. but, I just had to come here to see the photos. hmmm…..Maybe I should get busy and paint my space….
20/10/2007 at 02:33
Ronell, I am so so sorry that we did not connect in Paris. Our return to Paris was shortend by a day (I goofed up the dates) so there just was not time to get together. I love your atelier, it is so beautiful and inviting. I would have enjoyed a day with you and Casey. Perhaps another time. Take care, Deborah
20/10/2007 at 17:14
Your atelier is an inspiring space. Thank you for sharing it with us.
27/10/2007 at 04:20
I am so eenvious of your beautiful space, and of your talent. Keep painting
27/11/2007 at 09:37
Wow, wow and wow, what a beautiful space in which to create!
Ek is skoon jaloers nou…
28/11/2007 at 10:27
Oh my gosh….this is A.M.A.Z.I.N.G. You are living (and working) in my dream world.
12/12/2007 at 21:52
Die sketse is pragtig!! Jou ateljee is baie mooi.
Ek voel soos Robert "skoon jaloers".
Martie Manley
23/02/2008 at 17:54
Wow! What a beautiful space you have created. I am daydreaming.
22/05/2008 at 11:08
04/02/2009 at 12:50
Oh I really wish I had an atelier like yours it's great!!
20/03/2009 at 18:45
Thanks for sharing all of these… Your blog is very inspiring and sincere… Seeing these gave hope to me…
03/10/2009 at 07:50
What a wonderful creative space! I am so envious!
11/01/2010 at 23:11
Oh what a wonderful spot to dream your dreams and create your magic, it is so perfect, rustic and homey, I wish I could curl up on your sofa, share thoughts as you paint and we drink some tea! Hmmm, to dream.
27/04/2010 at 05:46
Ek geniet jou resepte en sommer jou hele blogg so baie
Tannie Martie
19/07/2010 at 12:58
I love your site!! I was sent to you by Gatsbys Gardens. She said I would love your site. So off I went to visit the French Kitchen……….You are wonderful! I love anything French even your snow! Traveled there many times and dream about living there in my next life!
I am going to do your Root Vegetables for Christmas Eve! They look yummy! Also love the Chocolate Mousse idea as well. My son is a chef and I hate for him to always have to be in the kitchen……he will like the root vegetables….I have done them before, but not like yours. He studied in France and worked with Pascal Robert in Limoges at Amphitryon. He now has a cooking school and no longer has the restaurant. When we visited him, we also went to Paul Bocuse and he personally took our son through his kitchen. He spoke at our son's graduation from the Culinary Institute in upstate New York. His son was also there. So already there was a little connection.
Merry Christmas and blessings in the new year to you and your family. So happy to have met you!
21/12/2010 at 17:48
I would love to have feedback from you when you are able.
21/12/2010 at 17:50
Happy Birthday Ronell – I can picture you in your atelier – my memories are still so clear of days doing "art" in Mount Louis.
17/08/2011 at 05:31
I have just found your site through 'Faire-garden'.
You are to be admired, a truly inspirational person….a stunning environment, a dream of a
studio….congratulations I just love it all, plus the recipes, Thank you for sharing. Sandy
02/11/2012 at 22:47
Just dropping by after a long absence, as usual everything you put your hand and mind to, is truly impeccable, you enrich peoples lives with your diverse talents. Sandy.
19/03/2013 at 05:11


text:
JAY – Savannah Alberghini-Giroux's goal nine minutes and fifteen seconds into the third period proved to be the game-winner as the North Country girls earned a trip to the Gutterson Field House to take on Harwood for the Division II state championship on Tuesday evening.
Falcon coach Claude Paul is excited about the win but believes his team has another gear that they can shift up to.
"I think we can step up and play even better," he said. "We were taken aback a bit by Middleburry's speed and their quick transition game."
NEWPORT CITY – Anyone who has experienced a fire, even a small one, knows the devastation it can cause. That's what happened to a Spring Street family about two weeks ago when a fire broke out at a Coventry family home. Damage was minimal but left the homeowners with the task of cleaning up.
Thanks to Coventry Village School (CVS) eighth grade students, the family had the home refurbished quickly.
SOUTH BURLINGTON–The last time North Country and South Burlington met in the play-offs at the Cairns Arena, the game went into double overtime and the Falcons came away victorious.
This time around, the game went into triple overtime, and unfortunately for the maroon and blue, the Rebels were able to avenge their 2012 loss, winning 3-2 to advance to the Division I state championship game against CVU.
Said NCU coach Andrew Roy, "They gave everything they had, and I could not have possibly asked for more, and I am very proud of the performance they gave.
WHITE RIVER–Hartford got off to an 11-0 start in the first, and although Lake Region would battle back, making it 26-26 in third, the Hurricanes were just too strong, as they cruised to the 60-39 quarter-final win.
"They played tough defense, and as much as we tried to prepare the girls for it, we struggled early in the game before settling down," said LRU coach Mark Tinker. "Hopefully it is a good learning experience for the ones coming back, and an unfortunate ending for the ones that are graduating."
Aiken–– Kermit Philman, 53, of Newport, VT passed away on March 5, 2013 in Lebanon, NH.
For the full obituary see Friday's Express.


text:
Explore Your Interests
Your values, your activities, your studies, yourself—they all derive from the interests you've developed through your life thus far. In fact, they are what attracted us to you, and why we're glad you are here at Albion College.
From the courses you take to the friends you make, give your energies and interests purposeful direction.
Apply to an Institute or Center and connect with like-minded students.
Use an Interest Assessment through the Career and Internship Center or speak with your First-Year Experience mentor or your advisor about choosing a major.
Attend Academic Fair and Briton Bash in the fall to find departments, clubs, and activities that suit your interests and abilities.
Become a Student Research Partner and begin working with faculty in your first semester.
Explore Study-Abroad or Domestic Off-Campus Programs at the Off-Campus Programs Fair.
Participate in major-shadowing and job-shadowing to explore classes and careers.


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The 20th Barnstable County Deputy Sheriff's Association Golf Tournament will be held Monday, Aug. 15 at the New Seabury Country Club in Mashpee.
Funds raised support programs for the youth and seniors of Barnstable County.
The $160 entry fee covers golf, cart, dinner and a gift, or $50 to attend just the dinner. Tee sponsorships are also available for $100 and donated auction items are gladly accepted. For more information contact Jeff Perry at
The Barnstable County Deputy Sheriff's Association is a non-profit, 501(c)(3).
Click HERE to subscribe to e-mail updates from barnstablepatriot.com.
CONTACT US | The Barnstable Patriot | 4 Ocean Street | P.O. Box 1208 | Hyannis, MA 02601 | 508-771-1427 | Copyright © 2015 Local Media Group, All Rights Reserved.


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Women's Under Armour UA Sport Plunge Bra ::
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Benchmade Summit Lake Hunting Knife with Dymondwood Handle
- Summary
Part of Benchmade's premium line of hunting knives, the Summit Lake series is engineered for superior lock strength and precise functionality out in the field. Full stainless-steel liners enhance the knife's stability, making this a solid performer for cleaning game, cutting rope and other outdoor tasks. The folding drop-point blade includes a nail nick to assist with opening.
- Folding hunting knife.
- Drop-point blade with nail nick.
- CPM-S30V premium stainless-steel blade (58-60 HRC).
- Classic lock-back folding mechanism.
- Dymondwood® handle.
- Full stainless-steel liners with pocket clip.
- Made in USA.
- Dimensions & More Info
- Big Summit Lake: 3.77"-long blade, 4.57"-long handle; 4.59 oz. Model #15051-2.
- Small Summit Lake: 2.89"-long blade, 4.0"-long handle; 3.04 oz. Model #15056-2.
- Made in USA.
- Use & Care
- Most of Benchmade's blade steels have a very high carbon content, which enables them to hold a superior cutting edge. Carbon can also cause rust, so preventive care is required if the knife is used in humid or marine environments.
- To aid in cleaning rust from blades, we recommend using a fine-grade, semi-chrome polish. A product such as Tuf-Cloth™ works well to not only wipe down the blade for cleaning but also adds an invisible coating for added corrosion protection without leaving any oily film to attract dirt and debris.
- Every Benchmade product comes with LifeSharp™, a service to clean and service the knife. LifeSharp™ replaces worn parts and springs and sharpens the blade to a "factory edge" before shipping the item back to you, free of charge. The service is completed within a week and can be utilized for the life of the product.
- Shipping
Shipping Information
This item is shipped from our warehouse by UPS to arrive within five business days of our receiving your order.
Shipping Rates
The shipping rate varies depending on your order total and shipping destination. View Shipping Options and Charges.
Next Day Delivery
For an additional charge of $17.50 per address, we can expedite delivery to most destinations. This service is not available for some oversize items, items shipped directly from the supplier (including perishable and custom-manufactured items), out-of-stock items and items to be shipped outside the contiguous 48 states.
Orders received by 9:00 p.m., Eastern time, Monday through Thursday will arrive the next business day; orders placed Friday through Sunday will arrive on the following Tuesday.
Return Policy
At Williams-Sonoma, we take great pride in the quality and craftsmanship of our products. Attention to design, materials, safety and construction are our priority. Upon receipt, please inspect your purchase and notify us of any damage; we will arrange for a prompt replacement.
If within 30 days, you are dissatisfied for any reason, you may return your purchase for a refund of the merchandise value. An original receipt or gift receipt is required for all returns and exchanges. Returns with a gift receipt will be refunded in the form of a Merchandise Credit for the amount indicated on the gift receipt. Returns with original receipt will be refunded in the original form of payment, cash and check refunds over $100 will be issued as a company check (may take 14 business days from time of request).
We cannot accept returns on monogrammed, personalized, special-order items, custom upholstery, food, items shipped direct from the vendor, or on items damaged through normal wear and tear. Final sale items ending in .97 or .99 cannot be returned.
For returns of items purchased from your Williams-Sonoma Gift Registry, we will gladly provide a refund or exchange for the merchandise within 90 days of your event or within 90 days of purchase, whichever date is later. View Full Return Policy.