text:
Abstracts are listed alphabetically by first author's last name.
ARKUSH, Brooke S.; Weber State University, UT
HEATH, Kathleen; University of Utah
MILLER, Susanne J.; Idaho National Engineering Laboratory
YOHE II, Robert M.; Idaho State Historic Preservation Office
Recent Archaeological Investigations at Weston Canyon Rockshelter, Southeastern Idaho
During October 1996, mitigationoriented test excavations were conducted at Weston Canyon
Rockshelter (10FR4) by Weber State University after a small portion of the site's deposits
were disturbed during replacement of a nearby irrigation pipeline. Earlier excavations there
between 1968 and 1970 documented repeated, shortterm occupation of the site from
approximately 8000 to 2000 BP, most of which was associated with biggame hunting and
processing activities. Our investigations at 10FR4 consisted mostly of backhoe trenching and
hand excavations in front of the shelter's dripline, and revealed the presence of stratified
subsurface deposits at least 1.5 meters deep. A single test unit yielded a relatively diverse artifact
and ecofact assemblage including aboriginal ceramics and arrow points, neither of which had
previously been recovered from the site. This paper focuses upon description of timesensitive
artifacts, and results of faunal and botanical analysis, radiocarbon dating, and obsidian sourcing.
(General Session 3)
BARTHOLOMEW, Alan; University of Wyoming
The Wardell Site Projectile Points: Are They Avonlea?
The Wardell Site (48SU301) is a large communal kill located in the northcentral Green River
Basin of Wyoming. The site contains three distinct bone levels, all of which date from 990 to
1580 b.p. The projectile point assemblage has been described as Avonlealike, and would
represent the southwestern most example of Avonlea known. Graphical and statistical
comparisons with definite Avonlea sites show that the Wardell projectile point assemblage is
indeed Avonlea. The assemblage also denotes morphological drift from traditional Avonlea,
which may be due to a loss of contact with the core Avonlea area in southern Canada.
Movement of groups and movement of ideas are the reasons for why Avonlea projectile points
are found in southwestern Wyoming. If Avonlea cultural groups were moving this far south and
west, then there must have been some resource that was drawing them. However, the ceramics
and other features at the Wardell Site suggest a movement of ideas rather than people.
(General Session 5)
BAUER, Crystal; Montana State UniversityBozeman
A Case Study of Interdisciplinary Research: Fort Ellis, Montana
When retelling past events, historians rely on historical records and documents as data for their
research. What happens if records have been lost or destroyed? Historians turn to other methods
of research, including archaeology. This paper will focus on the importance of combining the
historical record with archaeological evidence to obtain a complete history of a particular subject.
I will propose a research project using the historic Fort Ellis cemetery, located in Bozeman,
Montana, as a case study to examine the relevance of using history and archaeology together.
Fort Ellis, created in 1867 to keep residents safe from Indian attack, was abandoned in 1886.
The Fort Ellis cemetery contained the remains of approximately forty individuals. In 1887 the
military decided to move these bodies to Fort Missoula. The existing records have little to say
concerning the Fort Ellis cemetery and its subsequent removal. In fact, the exact location of the
cemetery is unknown. The records that exist contain discrepancies in regard to the number of
individuals buried in the cemetery and how many were removed. There is evidence to suggest
people are still buried in the abandoned cemetery, which is now an alfalfa field. If the historian
depends only on historical evidence the questions about the cemetery will never be answered. By
moving from the field of history into archaeology more information can be gathered. An
archaeological investigation of the site can reveal the status of the historic remains.
(General Session 2)
BECKES, Michael R.; U. S. Forest Service, MT
Passport In Time
"Passport In Time" is a nationwide volunteer program developed by the National Forest Service
in 1989 to provide educational opportunities in public Archeology, History, and Historic
Preservation. PIT provides a wide variety of opportunities for individuals and families to work
directly with professional archeologists and historians on National Forests throughout the United
States. Students, avocationals, retirees, and people from all walks of life gain understanding and
sensitivity to cultural resources through handson experience on critically important research and
restoration projects. Unforgettable outdoor learning experiences and lasting friendships are
common outcomes of participation in "Passport In Time".
(Forum 2)
BIES, Michael T.; Bureau of Land Management, WY
Express Pipeline Project: Preliminary Findings in the United States and Canada (Forum Abstract)
This forum will provide an opportunity to see and discuss some of the preliminary findings of the
archaeological mitigation conducted for the Express Pipeline Project along the entire route. The
project examined a corridor from the Battle River on the northwest plains of Alberta, Canada, to
the North Platte River in inter-mountain basins of Wyoming, USA, approximately 1,300
Kilometers (800 miles). The project area varies in elevation from approximately 645 meters
(2,120 feet) to approximately 1,935 meters (6,350 feet) and crosses a variety of ecological zones.
It is anticipated that the project will provide important new information about human use of the
Northwest Plains and Intermountain Basins of the Rocky Mountains.
(Forum 1)
BIES, Michael T.; Bureau of Land Management, WY
Express Pipeline Project: An Overview of the U.S. Portion
This discussion will provide a brief summary of the cultural resource portion of the project in the
U. S. and the findings of the inventories and construction inspection. The project resulted in the
identification of 378 sites in the U.S., 43 of which were identified during construction inspection.
(Forum 1)
BURNEY, Michael S.; Consulting Tribal Archaeologist, Northern Cheyenne Tribe, MT
Tribal Historic Preservation Offices: An Added Dimension to American Archaeology
Recently, a number of federally recognized Indian tribes, including the Confederated Salish &
Kootenai Tribes, Pablo, MT, were approved as Tribal Historic Preservation Offices (THPOs)
under the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) Amendments. These tribes have assumed
within their exterior reservation boundaries all, or a portion of, the duties previously undertaken
by their respective State Historic Preservation Offices (SHPOs). With this acknowledgment, and
the passage of NAGPRA in 1990, tribes are increasingly being recognized as major participants
in how their cultural resources are identified, evaluated, and managed. This national trend
towards supporting THPOs continues to bring an added dimension unbeknown to American
archaeology as developed by nonIndian peoples. Increased tribal participation in how natural
and cultural resources are managed into the 21st century will better serve the resources
(General Session 6)
CAJUNE, Julie; Confederated Salish & Kootenai Tribes, MT
Archeology as a Venue for Teaching
Montana is a state rich with the history of varied indigenous cultures, many of which are still
viable and present in the state populace. Remnants of people and events of the past are
evidenced and cataloged by archaeologists--identifying artifacts and sites with a number. A
number that could hardly explain or speak the story of itself. The explanations and stories belong
to the living descendants of the creators of those artifacts. The stories remain in the collective
memory of the people to whom they belong. The texture and depth of meaning of these records
of the past exist within this collective memory of the people. This is where the story must be told
from, and these are the people who must tell it.
(Forum 2)
CAPRON, Ranel Stephenson; Bureau of Land Management, WY
Wyoming Project Archaeology
Project Archaeology, part of BLM's national heritage education program, is designed to teach
young people to appreciate and protect our rich cultural legacy. The Bureau of Land
Management in Wyoming launched their Project Archaeology program this past spring, building
on a strong national foundation. The original program was developed in Utah, and eight
additional states have established programs (Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, New Mexico, Oregon,
Pennsylvania, Tennessee and Wyoming).
In Wyoming, a facilitator workshop was held in March at the University of Wyoming. Teachers
and archaeologists were trained to work in teams. Since then, eight teacher workshops have
been held across the state, reaching almost 200 teachers. The workbooks, Intrigue of the Past
and Discovering Archaeology in Wyoming, are the texts used. These books contain prehistoric
culture history for Wyoming, lesson plans, and a resource directory advising users of additional
materials and resources available. Responses to the workshops have exceeded our expectations
and we are looking forward to continued implementation of this archaeology education
curriculum in FY98 and beyond.
BLM has not completed this project alone. Workbook materials were reviewed by archaeologists
in the University of Wyoming Department of Anthropology, the Office of the Wyoming State
Archaeologist, and the Wyoming Department of Transportation. The facilitator workshop was
cosponsored by the State Historic Preservation Office. And BLM has recently completed a
cooperative agreement with the Wyoming Association of Professional Archaeologists to
cooperate on archaeology education projects. Through these partnerships, archaeology education
in Wyoming has taken a giant step forward.
(Forum 2)
CHARLES, Mona; Ft. Lewis College, CO
The Trouble with Mountains: A Geoarchaeological Perspective
This paper identifies several geoarchaeological concerns facing archaeologists as they examine
and interpret, for eligibility purposes, archaeological sites in the mountains. Results of
investigations by Ft. Lewis College in the San Juan Mountains, southwest Colorado, have
identified several transformational characteristics common to many mountainous archaeological
sites that complicate eligibility determinations. These characteristics include shallow soil
profiles, cumulative soil development that mask subtle cultural horizons, effects of forest fires,
recent changes to the site context as a result of historic landuse patterns, soil homogenization
and other forms of bioturbation. Criteria used to determine site significance often rely on the
sites' potential to yield features, use surfaces, or chronometrically datable buried deposits, which
these sites may not possess because of the identified transformational characteristics. A
disproportionate number of mountain sites are classified as not eligible when the geomorphic
context of the site is not integrated into the evaluation process.
(General Session 1)
CLARK, Linda; Bureau of Land Management, ID
High Altitude Game Trap Sites in Central Idaho
The presence of game traps for bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) has been documented in
Montana, Utah and Wyoming, but until recently there have been no trap sites reported in central
Idaho. This paper will discuss three high altitude game traps found in the central Idaho
mountains in the last two years that are presumably associated with hunting bighorn sheep. Two
sites are constructed from wood and consist of extensive fence-like wing structures leading to
corrals. Another site, dated to 2600 years BP, is a talus pit complex which appears to represent a
bighorn sheep ambush and procurement site.
(General Session 4)
CORBIN, Annalies; Museum of the Rockies, Montana State UniversityBozeman
Steamboats Wrecks In Montana: Phase II Strategy and Results
Phase II of a multi-year search for steamboat wrecks in Montana's Missouri and Yellowstone
Rivers consists of an analysis of these two river valleys to determine changes in the river
channels over the past 137 years. Phase II utilizes the historical information obtained in 1996 to
determine locations of wrecks and efforts to salvage cargo. Archival research was conducted to
discover additional documents useful in refining the reported locations of the steamboat wrecks
and types of cargoes. This phase of the project also added the critical step of intensively
mapping the river segments where the wrecks are believed to be located. This research included
comparisons of the major historic maps of the rivers, aerial photographs, and modern U.S.G.S.
maps to generate computer corrected composite maps in an attempt to narrow the possible wreck
locations. These locations will be the target areas for the Phase III "on the ground search" using
gradiometers and intensive location specific mapping using magnetometers.
(General Session 2)
CUMMINGS, Linda Scott; Paleo Research Labs, CO
Paleoenvironmental Records From the Early to MidHolocene
Stratigraphic pollen and/or phytolith analysis of two early Holocene through midHolocene
records in Idaho and northwestern Wyoming provide data concerning local response to
paleoenvironmental conditions. Mazama ash at Cove Creek in Idaho is a distinctive marker for
the pollen and phytolith records. At the Goff Creek site in northwestern Wyoming vegetation
communities recorded in the pollen record of the early and middle Holocene are distinctly
different from more recent vegetation communities. Dramatic changes in vegetation correlate
with geomorphic data. Radiocarbon ages and recovery of cultural material assist in assigning
dates to this record.
(General Session 1)
DAVIS, Leslie B.; Museum of the Rockies, Montana State UniversityBozeman
HILL, Christopher L.; Museum of the Rockies, Montana State UniversityBozeman
Northern Rockies Paleoindian Lifeways and Historic Placer Mining: Golden Research Opportunities
The serendipitous (Barton Gulch) and purposive (Indian Creek) discovery of these two deeply
buried, stratified multicomponent Paleoindian occupation sites in the Montana Rockies of
southwestern and westcentral Montana, respectively, led to their multiyear, systematic,
multidisciplinary investigation. The respective artifactbearing deposits are encorporated within
finealluvium sequences in lowgradient (Barton Gulch) and steepgradient (Indian Creek)
mountain valley floodplains. These unexpected, and highly informative, late Pleistoceneearly
Holocene archaeological manifestations were exposed as an effect of intensive, localized
commercial mining ventures that targeted specific mineralbearing alluvial bodies. This paper
explores the array of geological formational processes and the effects of historic industrial
decisions and placer mining on specific landscapes that have converged to advantage our
understanding of Paleoindian huntergatherer resource use, settlement behavior, and lifeways in
this region. The implications of these insights, from a Paleoindian prospection point of view, for
locating in situ artifactbearing deposits in other placered Rocky Mountain valleys are
(General Session 1)
ECCLES, Cindy; WA
What are Shoshone Knives: An Issue of Style and Function
Uniquely shaped, chipped stone tools, commonly referred to as Shoshone Knives, have been
found throughout Wyoming and as isolated surface finds in Nevada. However, over 100 of these
bifaces have been found at various sites located around Utah lake, and in lesser quantities at sites
to the north along the Great Salt Lake. What are Shoshone Knives, and why are they found in
such abundance around Utah Lake? The labels "Shoshone" and "knives" carry assumptions of
ethnicity and function, respectively, assumptions that are not supported by an previous research.
This paper looks at the temporal and spatial implications for these tools and addresses two
assumptions presented by the current label, Shoshone Knives: 1) the presumed ethnic
association with "Shoshonean" people; and, 2) the functional term "knife". The analysis of
Shoshone Knives will clarify what these tools are and further aid our understanding of the
peoples of the Great Basin.
(General Session 5)
ECKERLE, William; Western GeoArch Research, UT
Geoarchaeology of Alluvial Fan and Footslope Depositional Systems in the Northern and Middle Rocky Mountains
Postglacial alluvial fans and valleybottom footslope depositional systems in the Middle and
Northern Rocky Mountains often contain archaeological sites in association with
paleoenvironmental data. In many drainages, fans and footslopes grow during arid periods when
the competency of the trunk stream is low. Fan and footslope deposits are backcut and distally
truncated during more mesic periods when trunk stream competency increases. Fan sedimentary
records with multiple fanbuilding depositional events as well as inset fan sequences indicate
several periods offan building followed by fan truncation. The interpretation of fan cycles adds
data to regional paleoenvironmental reconstructions. Equally important, the fanbuilding cycles
reflect local changes from generally xeric, upland landscapes during fan building to high ground
water (subirrigated), floodplain landscapes during fan backcutting periods. Inferred changes in
vegetational communities during these geomorphic shifts suggest a lowering of big game
carrying capacities in valley bottoms during arid, fanbuilding episodes. Subsistence and
settlement shifts are predicted as a result of these fan cycles with more big game procurement
occurring during mesic periods and a greater emphasis on lower return rate resources during
more arid periods.
(General Session 1)
EGGLESTON, Carrick M.; University of Wyoming
KORNFELD, Marcel; University of Wyoming
UseWear Studies of Stone Tools: Adapting a New AFM Technology
Usewear studies of stone tools have a long history and a are a source of acrimonious debates.
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), a new technique for observing surface microtopography, has
the potential to help resolve some of the contentious issues regarding use wear. In this paper we
describe AFM, its limitations and modifications necessary to study usewear on stone, and
discuss several exploratory studies with experimental implements. We quantify changes in stone
tool surface topography from the tool edge towards the tool interior. Most probably a
combination of several microscopic and spectroscopic techniques are necessary to adequately
describe and understand changes in both the physical and chemical characteristics of stone tool
edges through use.
(General Session 5)
GALINDO, Jennifer; Midwest Archeological Center, NE
CANNON, Kenneth P.; Midwest Archeological Center, NE
Groundstone Artifacts: Archaeology, Ethnography and Residue Analyses
The presence of groundstone slabs from intermountain contexts have historically been viewed as evidence for plant processing, around which subsistence and settlement models have
been developed. While the use of groundstone for plant processing is not disputed, other
functions for this tool category are also suggested and should be considered. Recent evidence
from Yellowstone National Park and the Cove Creek site (10LH144) along the Salmon River in
Idaho suggests groundstone slabs may have been used for purposes other than plant processing.
We discuss the evidence obtained from residue analysis in concert with ethnographic data in
providing a more definitive model for the use of groundstone among intermountain
(General Session 5)
GARDNER, A. Dudley
Chinese Courtyards and Structural Configuration in Southwestern Wyoming
Over the last seven years, archaeological excavations at Chinatowns in southwestern Wyoming
have resulted in the uncovering of several house blocks and courtyards. This paper will focus on
how structures evolved in such a way to create courtyards that parallel those found in villages in
(Symposium 1)
GREER; Mavis; Archeological Consultants, WY
GREER, John; Archeological Consultants, WY
Shaman Portrayals in Montana Rock Art
Figures that appear to be shamans are found throughout Montana, particularly in the central part
of the state. Shaman representations vary within and between sites and range from simple
variations on stick-figure humans to elaborate stylized anthropomorphs with animal
characteristics. Other attributes include headdresses, arm positions, body adornment, and
associated figures such as powerlines, grizzly bears, and turtles. Shaman figures occur in
different kinds of physical site locations but in central Montana are mainly in cave rooms. They
occur in different kinds of scenes ranging from single figures to integrated groups of figures.
Shaman portrayals were drawn by different cultures over a long period of time, but they appear to
be most prolific in central Montana between A.D. 500 and 1100. The most elaborate figures
probably were associated with Besant and Avonlea cultures.
(General Session 6)
HALL, Christopher T.; University of Wyoming
The Analytical Problem of 'Scale' in HunterGatherer Studies
Over the past decade, literature regarding 'scale' as an analytical problem has become common
within many of the sciences. Although this literature covers many topics, most make two basic
arguments: 1) Different empirical observations are made at different scales; 2) The scale of
analysis must match the scale of the phenomena. Using these arguments, I critically review some
of the current trends in hunter-gatherer studies. I then discuss possible directions for future
research and model building.
(General Session 6)
HEITZMANN, Rod J.; Archaeological Services, Parks Canada, Calgary
Identifying Human Ignited Fires in the Central Canadian Rockies Over the Last Millennium
Identification of human ignited fires in the Central Canadian Rockies has become central to the
debate about ecosystem diversity maintenance in the Rocky Mountain National Parks. A review
of ethnographic data identifies several key indicators of human ignited fires. Examination of
environmental data from the Canadian Rockies including vegetation distribution, fire histories,
dendrochronological studies, glacier studies and plant succession suggests that human ignition of
fires likely occurred frequently in an attempt to enhance certain Montane habitats for preferred
species of plants and animals. The current evidence suggests human ignited fires reduced after
the 1780s in the Canadian Rockies probably as a result of disease caused human population
reductions. The Athabasca Valley in Jasper National Park is a significant exception as evidence
indicates ongoing human fire ignition throughout the nineteenth century as a result of the fur
(Symposium 2)
HOEFER III, Ted; Foothill Engineering Consultants, Inc., CO
MARTORANO, Marilyn A.; Foothill Engineering Consultants, Inc., CO
Who Should Interpret the Past: Archaeology and Local Communities
The past several years have witnessed a change in the role of archaeology and cultural resource
management in respect to Native American cultures. A change in the role of archaeology and
CRM is needed in respect to local communities, regardless of ethnic origin. Local communities
are now being included in decisions on how cultural resources are evaluated and managed and
this may cause serious problems for the archaeologist. This paper examines how archaeological
and historic investigations can come into conflict with local community values. Local
communities often base historic significance on parochial and political criteria, while
archaeologists use archaeological, historical, and scientific reasoning. If these two positions are
not reconciled at the beginning of investigations, the archaeologist may find him or herself
being attacked as uncaring, ignorant of local history, or an outsider who seeks to prevent
community development. The process of how such a conflict can develop is illustrated using two
large-scale historic and archaeological investigations at the Leadville National Historic Mining
District, Lake County, Colorado and the Pueblo Chemical Depot, Pueblo County, Colorado.
After describing the conflicts encountered on these projects, suggestions on how archaeologists
can prepare themselves to prevent or lessen these conflicts are presented.
(General Session 6)
HUSTED, Wilfred M.; Billings, MT
A Later Nesikep Tradition Phase in Western Montana?
An unusual projectile point was found on an earlier excavation surface during earth moving
operations preliminary to the final season of excavations at Mummy Cave, Wyoming in 1966.
The specimen closely resembles Early Nesikep Tradition points. No additional specimens of this
type were recovered in the excavations. Surface collections from the Beartooth and Pryor
Mountains of southern Montana and adjacent Wyoming and the Canyon Ferry Reservoir area on
the Missouri River near Helena, Montana contain stemmed projectile points similar to and
reminiscent of Early Nesikep Tradition types. Their presence strongly suggests a later Nesikep
Tradition phase in the Rocky Mountains of Montana and possibly northern Wyoming. Other
specimens in the Canyon Ferry and BeartoothPryor Mountains collections more nearly resemble
stemmed, indented-base points of the later McKean complexes. The Western Macrotradition
hypothesis proposed that the stemmed, indented-base projectile point was derived from late Cody
complex stemmed points via the Nesikep Tradition in south-central British Columbia. The
Nesikeplike points from the Montana mountains lend support to the hypothesis.
(General Session 5)
JOHNSON, Clay; UT
Interactive Rock Art as a Resource for Archaeological Interpretation
Rock art of interactive design is not independent of, but dependent on, durable site-specific
physical processes. Because interactive rock art patterning reflects both cultural and natural site
formation processes, data from field studies has many potential archeological applications. This
paper will define interactive rock art and describes the various observational data gathered during
field documentation and its potential uses for archeologists. Data include information for studies
or hypothesis testing in areas including repatination rates, lichen growth, geologic disturbance or
change, subsistence or other seasonal behaviors, settlement mode, symbolism, site extent and
use, relationships between archeological sites, and absolute dating of rock art.
(General Session 6)
KARSMIZKI, Kenneth W.; Museum of the Rockies, Montana State UniversityBozeman
CORBIN, Annalies; Museum of the Rockies, Montana State UniversityBozeman
Fort Remon: Magnetic Survey and Archaeological Testing
November 27th, 1807, Manuel Lisa and his cadre of over 40 men reached the mouth of the Big
Horn River in presentday Montana. They immediately began to construct a trading house in the
heart of the Crow country and, by the spring of 1808, a fort was completed. Lisa's outpost,
named Fort Remon, is a place of considerable significance in the history of the West. Historian
Richard Oglesby, in his biography of Manuel Lisa, notes that this was "the first organized trading
and trapping expedition to ascend the Missouri to the Rocky Mountains." Equally important, this
initial foray represented United States' interests rather than those of the French or English who
had dominated the western fur trade up to that point. Yet, the location of Fort Remon has not
been proven and the activities at this post are not well represented in written documents. In the
absence of well developed documentary evidence, the archaeological record is certain to be the
best source of information on affairs at Fort Remon.
(General Session 2)
KINDIG, Jean Matthews; University of Colorado Museum Association, Boulder
Devil's Thumb Trail Site
In the summer of 1995, a few ceramic sherds were noticed in and near a popular
hiking/backpacking trail east of the Continental Divide in the Indian Peaks Wilderness. Limited
excavations, permitted by the Boulder Ranger District of the Roosevelt NF, resulted in the
recovery of over 150 ceramic sherds. Five of seven rim sherds have diagonally impressed lip
decorations similar to sherds found at sites associated with the Dismal River Aspect of the
Plains Apache. One of the ongoing research questions is the migration route of Athapaskans
from the Northwest Territories. There is more evidence for a Plains migration route than an
Intermountain route. Dismal River ceramics excavated at a high altitude site do not confirm or
nullify an Intermountain route. Apache presence, however, is confirmed by the ceramics which
strongly suggests family groups utilizing the mountains during (at least) seasonal migrations.
(General Session 3)
KORNFELD, Marcel; University of Wyoming
Feminist Archeology, Black's Fork Culture, and Rocky Mountain Prehistory
Black's Fork Culture plays on the sidelines in Rocky Mountain prehistory. It was a poorly
conceived notion, based on faulty conception of cultural evolution and it's material byproducts.
The archeological record, however, remains and begs for explanation and interpretation. Early
dismissal of Black's Fork diagnostics as quarry blanks or associated materials was unwarranted,
in that there was a larger story to tell with this data. My study begins with archeological
epistemology. Specifically, the imagination and creativity needed for the science to move
beyond traditional knowledge and understanding and into new realms of inquiry. With this
Black's Fork culture acquires a new meaning.
(General Session 6)
LANDALS, Alison; University of Calgary
A Reevaluation of the Lake Minnewanka Site, Banff National Park
The Lake Minnewanka site in Banff National Park, Alberta, is one of the oldest known sites in
the Canadian Rockies. Diagnostic artifacts collected from the reservoir shoreline span the entire
precontact sequence, from the Late Prehistoric to Clovis times. In 1993, TransAlta Utilities
Corporation contracted Fedirchuk McCullough & Associates Ltd. to develop a cultural resources
mitigation plan for their license renewal application for the Cascade Hydroelectric generating
facility. Excavation at the Lake Minnewanka site revealed a small area with partially intact
stratigraphy and cultural material suggestive of an Early Prehistoric, possibly Clovis, occupation.
In the spring of 1997 additional investigations were undertaken in this area, under the auspices of
a research grant from Parks Canada. This paper documents the results of the 1993 and 1997
programs at the site.
(General Session 3)
LANDALS, Alison; University of Calgary
Preliminary Findings of Stone Feature Sites Located in the Canadian Portion of the Express Pipeline Project
The Canadian portion of the Express Pipeline Project intercepted in excess of 135 stone feature
sites. These sites varied widely in terms of their distribution, the density and type of stone
features present, and richness of the associated artifact assemblages. Many of the stone circles
and some of the cairns were characterized by dense concentrations of cultural material. Express
provided a unique north/south transect suitable for examining large scale geographic variation in
stone circle distribution. In this paper the distribution and quality of stone feature sites along the
Express rightofway will be examined in relation to existing models for stone feature
distribution on the northern plains.
(Forum 1)
LARSON, Mary Lou; University of Wyoming
Hearth Centered Chipped Stone Technological Organization at the BugasHolding Site, Wyoming
The Late Prehistoric (1510 +/ 100 B. P.) BugasHolding site located in Northwestern Wyoming
is arguably one of the best preserved archaeological sites known in North America. Excavations
conducted in the 1980s revealed the remains of a single occupation winter campsite inhabited for
46 months. Work centered on nine firehearths and surrounding activity areas. Studies of site
formation and approximately equal numbers of intensively butchered and processed bison and
mountain sheep remains have already been completed. The analysis of chipped stone remains
provides another information source about the features and the activities occurring in their
vicinity. This paper uses the chipped stone analysis to provide information about this already
well analyzed site.
(General Session 5)
LESICK, Kurtis S.; University of Calgary
Home to the Human Species: Human/Environmental Interactions in the Mountain EcoSystems of the Northern Rockies (Symposium Abstract)
The Rocky Mountains are generally regarded as a pristine natural space, liminal in terms of
fulfilling human requirements; they remain conceptualised as a boundary to human incursion, or
at best an inhospitable and temporary host to traveling populations. Yet, it is becoming
increasingly evident that human beings have as indepth a history within mountain environments
as those other species more often regarded as indigenous and 'natural'. The papers in this
symposium seek to situate their archaeological subjects in such a context. Rather than viewing
mountain landscapes as a forbidding and daunting opposition to human use, the human species is
viewed as a influential participant in an active and continually evolving ecological setting. In
this way, ecosystemics and biodiversity are not preestablished entities which succumb to
human interference; they are, however, a product of the constant interaction and mutual
interdependence of human beings, a myriad of floral and faunal species and their surrounding
material environments.
(Symposium 2)
LESICK, Kurtis S.; University of Calgary
Archaeological Settings as Ecological Productions: Trajectories for Discussion
It is more than evident that there is a strong correlation between environment and cultural
systems. Yet, the implications of such a link run far deeper than environmental determinism:
humanity does not merely respond to environmental constraints, but works as an active
participant in the very system which regulates the character of any one landscape. As such, the
relationship between regional ecology and human agents is one which ignores the limitations of
the nature/culture dichotomy. In a dynamic ecological setting, human beings become natural
actors, and natural features become cultural appropriations. In a mountain context, this would
mean that a once deficient cultural environment is replace by an expansive ecological system.
Not only are we enlightened as to new ways of studying regional cultural history, but we are also
able to assess the role of past human agency in establishing environmental integrity and
(Symposium 2)
LOOSLE, Byron; Ashley National Forest, UT
Boundaries, Border and High Mountains
For millennia the Uinta Mountains of northeastern Utah appear to have been a natural barrier to
human populations. Most group interaction was limited to areas along the Green River in the
eastern Uintas. Harrowing stories of the construction and use of early roads only reinforced the
perception of the Uintas as an impenetrable wilderness. Recent research has found widespread
prehistoric use of even the highest passes of the Uintas. Focusing on the Fremont period, there
is extensive evidence (baskets, corn, granaries, rock art) north of the Uintas. At the same time
raw materials originating from the north slope have been found south of the Uintas in the Uintah
Basin, even when other material is more accessible. Documenting evidence of interaction is
easier then developing the theoretical models to explain the interaction, but two models will be
(General Session 4)
LOVE, Charles M.
The Delaney Rim Chert Sources
In the Washakie Basin of southwestern Wyoming, a series of massive chert sources weather out
of the Laney member of the Eocene Green River Formation. Forming a topographic feature
known as Delaney Rim, these cherts have been extensively quarried by prehistoric populations
and subsequently spread around the region. The cherts are visually distinctive in that they are
silica replacements of various sedimentary structures that formed in Eocene Lake Gosiute. While
color and texture vary, many types of oolites, algal heads, mat algae, other organic structures, and
siliceous oozes are represented. Parts of Delaney Rim collapsed during the Pleistocene and
formed debris flows redistributing the cherts downstream for 20 kilometers. Lag pebbles of the
same cherts have been unevenly spread northward from PlioPleistocene erosion of Delaney
Rim. Although exposed for at least 40 kilometers along Delaney Rim or parallel to it, together
the cherts form nearly a point source for the state.
(Symposium 1)
MAGNE, Martin; Archaeological Services, Parks Canada, Calgary
Archaeology and Rocky Mountain Ecosystem Management: Theory and Practice
The benefits that could be obtained by a collaborative relationship between archaeological
sciences and ecosystem management principles and application are only just beginning to be
realized. Examination of current theoretical directions reveals commonalities that need to be
developed more firmly, at the same time that archaeology needs to express more confidence in its
potential contributions. Examples of archaeology applied to ecosystem issues in the Canadian
Rocky Mountain National Parks are discussed, indicating where substantial research is yet
(Symposium 2)
MARTIN, William; TRC Mariah Associates, WY
The Use of Late Prehistoric Pottery in the Western Powder River Basin of Wyoming: A View from Site 48NA1425
During the spring of 1996, TRC Mariah Associates conducted data recovery excavations at Site
48NA1425 (the Carter Site) in anticipation of the construction of the Express Pipeline. In
addition to the large, diverse lithic and biological assemblages, over 550 ceramic sherds were
recovered, representing one of the largest ceramic assemblages recovered to date in Wyoming. A
radiocarbon age estimate of 580+/60 years BP was obtained from a wood charcoal sample from
the only feature recovered at the site. While the main emphasis of ceramic analyses in the past
has been on the ethnic identity of ceramic making groups in the region, archaeologists have paid
little attention to the technological importance of pottery in the settlement/subsistence systems of
hunter/gatherer groups. Examination of the ceramic assemblage and technological attributes is
used to examine the role of pottery in the settlement and subsistence system of Late Prehistoric
groups in central Wyoming.
(Forum 1)
MARTIN, William; TRC Mariah Associates, WY
PETERSON, Lynelle A.; MT
Preliminary Findings at Four Middle Archaic Pit House Sites on the Express Pipeline Route
Postconstruction excavations during the summer of 1997 on the Express Pipeline Project at four
locations, one in Montana and three in Wyoming, focused on pithouses. These sites have been
initially radiocarbon dated to the Middle Archaic period approximately 4,000 years before
present. This paper provides a preliminary look at these sites, which have many similarities. All
of the sites also include a large number of other features, hearths or roasting pits, but have very
low artifact counts. Three of the sites are located in the Bighorn Basin and one is in the Powder
River Basin. These features were discovered during the project construction inspection. Only
one of the sites had a surface manifestation identified prior to construction.
(Forum 1)
MILLER, Susanne J.; Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory
YOHE II, Robert M.; Idaho State Historical Society
Taphonomic Studies at the Tolo Lake Mammoth Site, Idaho: Preliminary Observations
The 19941995 field seasons at the Tolo Lake mammoth site in north central Idaho yielded more
than 400 fossilized vertebrate specimens, the majority of which have been attributed to the
Columbian mammoth (Mammuthus sp. cf. M. columbi). Excavations at the Ivory Coast locality
exposed a MNI of 10 individual mammoths, one of which is more than 90 percent complete.
Two very different taphonomic settings were readily apparent at the Ivory Coast; deposition of
disarticulated skeletal elements on the rocky lake margin, in contrast to partial or complete
individuals in fine sediments slightly offshore. This paper will explore these two settings and
report the preliminary observations made on the remains from both areas.
(General Session 1)
MOE, Jeanne M.; Bureau of Land Management, UT
The Interface Between Archaeology and Education (Forum Abstract)
For the last few years archaeologists across the country have been visiting classrooms, teaching
teachers, and leading volunteers on field expeditions. Although the audiences are diverse and
techniques differ, most archaeologists involved in public education share a common goal: to
increase knowledge and appreciation of cultural resources and to enhance their protection
through widespread stewardship.
In this forum, we will hear presentations on archaeology and education, followed by open
discussion. The interactive session will provide practical information on educating the public in
a variety of settings. There are many excellent outreach programs and individual efforts not
included here due to time constraints, therefore we strongly encourage other archaeology
educators to attend and share their experiences.
(Forum 2)
MUNGER, Ben; U. S. Forest Service, MT
Comparison of the Archeology in Three Mountain Ranges in Western Montana
There appear to be three critical resources that drew prehistoric peoples into the areas above
timberline in southwest Montana. The three critical resources are bighorn sheep, a primary
source of chippedstone material, and whitebark pine nuts. Mountain ranges in the Northern
Rockies where all of these resources occur have a higher archeological site density than those
that have limited critical resources. The Bitterroot Range, dividing the Clearwater and Clarkfork
Rivers, has a high site density as does the Gravelly Range between the Madison and Ruby
Rivers. The AnacondaPintler Range does not appear have a high site density because one
resource is missing: a high-quality chipped-stone tool source. Research into the settlement data
for the past 7 years also indicates that the areas above timberline were utilized in a logistic
manner with base camps at lower elevations and field camps at or above timberline.
(General Session 4)
PETERSON, Lynelle A.; MT
Preliminary Findings of Investigations Conducted on Stone Feature Sites Located Within 20 Counties of Montana
In 1996 Express constructed a 775 mile pipeline from Hardesty, Alberta to Casper, Wyoming.
Sites containing stone features (stone rings, cairns, alignments, etc.) were the most common site
type found within the Montana portion of the Express pipeline route. Although common, stone
feature sites often do not yield sufficient information potential to warrant extensive subsurface
investigations. To mitigate the impact of construction to this site type, a review of stone feature
sites identified within 20 counties in Montana is currently underway. This paper provides
preliminary findings from this investigation.
(Forum 1)
SANDERS, Paul H.; Office of the Wyoming State Archaeologist
BRYSON, Robert U.; Archaeoclimatology Consultants, CA
BRYSON, Reid A.; Center for Climatic Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison
Modeled Holocene Climatic History and Archaeological Occupation of the Lamar Valley, Northeastern Yellowstone National Park
Four sites in the Lamar Valley of northeastern Yellowstone where investigated in 1996. These
sites have yielded a series of radiocarbon dates indicating occupations during the past 3000 years.
An archaeoclimatological model and regional sedimentological data have provided a
paleoclimatic reconstruction for the area. When these data are compared, patterns concerning the
prehistoric use of the area emerge, suggesting that this area was primarily occupied during moist
climatic events. Characteristics of this use are discussed.
(General Session 1)
SANDGATHE, Dennis; University of Alberta
FRANCIS, Peter D.; Archaeological Services, Parks Canada, Calgary
Lithic Resources and Technological Choices in the Upper Red Deer River Region, Alberta
The Upper Red Deer region within the Eastern Slopes of the Canadian Rocky Mountains has
become a focus of recent archaeological interest as a promising area for yielding evidence of
human activity reaching back in time to the early peopling of North America. Within that region,
two independent studies within and adjacent to Parks Canada's YaHaTinda Ranch have
provided data that may suggest that Early and Middle Prehistoric groups here developed a stone
tool technological organization that was adapted to local "lower quality" lithic resources. This is
in contrast to the adjacent Northern Plains where, during these same periods in prehistory, great
efforts were apparently made to obtain "high quality" lithic raw materials from distant sources.
The "lower quality" (siliceous sedimentary) lithic resources available in the Upper Red Deer
River region are less amenable to flaking than materials used more commonly throughout the
continent by aboriginal peoples. However, when advantage is taken of their specific physical
attributes, a technology could be developed that, with a greater emphasis on expedient tools, is as
functionally efficient as those based on formal tools manufactured from "high quality" obsidian
or cryptocrystalline materials. This adaptation to "lower quality" local materials appears to be
unique to this area and suggests that groups here had a greater reliance on resources available in
the immediate environment relative to contemporary groups in other regions.
(Symposium 2)
SCHOEN, James R.; U. S. Forest Service, WY
High Altitude Site Locations in the Bridger, Gros Ventre and Teton Wilderness
Recent archeological surveys conducted in the Bridger, Gros Ventre and Teton Wilderness areas
of Northwest Wyoming has resulted in the identification of high site density areas associated
with high elevation lake systems and the arctic-alpine environmental life zones. Data from all
three survey areas are compared in an attempted to draw conclusions concerning the seasonal use
of these high altitude zones. Analysis of lithic material types is reviewed to help identify
potential travel networks between the high altitude site locations to known obsidian sources as
well as other lithic source areas in the surrounding basins.
(General Session 4)
SHANKS, Orin; University of Wyoming
KORNFELD, Marcel; University of Wyoming
Immunological Identification of Ancient Proteins: Blood Residue Analysis of BugasHolding Tools
Recently archeologists have demonstrated an increasing interest in molecular techniques and
their application to the understanding of past lifeways. The ability to identify ancient blood
proteins from a stones has the potential to address questions of intrasite and intersite activities.
Blood residue identification is on the cutting edge of archeological methodology, and as a result
is still not accepted universally among academic researchers. We utilize the
counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) technique and apply controls designed to counter
thecritiques leveled against blood residue analysis in the study of BugasHolding site stone
tools. The BugasHolding site is located in northwestern Wyoming and exhibits extremely high
site integrity and resolution. The site has a long history of archeological investigation including
sedimentology, geological, spatial, faunal, chipped stone, pollen, and opal phytolith analyses.
The combination of high levels of preservation and the establishment of "site specificity"
provides a unique opportunity to learn more about Rocky Mountain prehistoric lifeways and
ancient blood protein residue identification. CIEP analysis positively identified blood residues
on 17% of the tested artifacts. Immunological results support and agree with other studies of
activities identified at the BugasHolding site. This case study supplies evidence that CIEP can
reproduce repeatable and reliable results, and that immunological identifiable blood can and does
survive under opportune environmental conditions.
(General Session 5)
SHERFY, Marcella; Montana Historical Society
Heritage Learning/Ancient Teachings Projects
After almost 20 years of providing several kinds of trunks, tours, slide units, and programs to
Montana teachers and students, the Montana Historical Society is currently rethinking and
revamping its efforts. A grant from the Society for American Archaeology is currently helping
us evaluate the kinds of materials that teachers will REALLY use, and develop some of those.
We've just created a Teacher Advisory Panel to help us screen other products and programs.
And, we are involved in a privately funded pilot program that concentrates high school heritage
learning on the communities and areas in which students live. We are committed to developing
programs that will see wide and practical Montana use.
(Forum 2)
SIEGFRIED, Evelyn; University of Calgary
A Review of Holocene Palynology and Vegetation in Southwestern Alberta
Prior to the Holocene epoch (before 10,000 BP) the landscape of southern Alberta was inundated
by vast continental glaciation when Laurentide ice moved overland from the east eventually
meeting Cordilleran ice as it moved forward from the Rocky Mountains. Following the retreat of
the continental glaciers, an event debated to have taken place at some time between
17,00010,000 BP (e.g., see Vickers 1986:2024), the landscape was populated by vegetation
that moved north from refugia south of the ice sheets. Various species of arboreal (overstory;
canopy) and nonarboreal (understory; lowgrowing herbs and shrubs) plants filled the newly
scoured landscape through time, at varying rates and through different succession regimes.
Several pollen analyses have been conducted in more recent decades at various locations in the
eastern flanks of the Rocky Mountains from Jasper National Park south to the Waterton Park area
in southwestern Alberta. These pollen records are examined to outline a profile of vegetation
change through time from the end of the Pleistocene through the Holocene in the southwestern
Alberta region.
(Symposium 2)
SMITH, Craig; TRC Mariah Associates, WY
Cylindrical Basins and the Exploitation of Roots During the Late Prehistoric Period, Northern and Central Wyoming
Six sites containing large cylindrical basins were investigated for the Express Pipeline project in
Wyoming. These distinct features occur both in the Big Horn and Wind River Basins and date
between 1260 and 1050 years ago indicating a wide geographic range and a relatively short time
span. The overall archaeologic and ethnographic evidence suggests that they were used primarily
as pit ovens for baking some type of root resource. The type of root baked in these ovens was
probably one containing complex carbohydrates such as inulin and fructan that require long term
heat treatment. The large number of these ovens scattered across the landscape suggests that root
resources played an important role in the prehistoric inhabitants subsistence and that an
intensification of root use occurred during the 200 year period represented by these features. Past
research of prehistoric hunter-gatherer subsistence in the Rocky Mountain and Plains areas has
generally neglected the importance of this resource.
(Forum 1)
SUTTON, Wendy; Columbia University
The Blooded Fields of Big Lie: An Interpretation of Activities at a SmallScale Camp/Kill Site in the Big Horn Mountains
Big Lie (48SH849) was excavated by the US Forest Service during the summer of 1993. The site
dates to the Late Prehistoric/Protohistoric. Materials recovered from the site suggest that the site
was inhabited briefly, by a small band, during the summer. The site was both a camp and
smallscale bison kill site. Ceramics and a lithic cache were found at the site.
This presentation will offer an interpretation of prehistoric activities carried out at Big Lie.
Through using ethnographic information as a basis for this interpretation, the presenter hopes to
offer a peopled (if somewhat creative) reconstruction of life at Big Lie.
(General Session 3)
TANNER, Russel L.; Bureau of Land Management, WY
PASTOR, Jana V.; Archaeological Services of Western Wyoming College
The Lay of the Land: Looking at Landscape as a Way of Studying Past Human Occupation of the Green River Basin
A comparison of archaeological site locations with Demitri Shimkin's Wind River Shoshone
Ethnogeography was undertaken. The study will assess how well Shimkin's work using
ethnohistoric sources is reflected in the archaeological record during prehistoric and protohistoric
(Symposium 1)
THOMPSON, Kevin W.; Western Wyoming College
KAUTZMAN, Matthew; Western Wyoming College
Wyoming Basin Archaeology: Current Directions (Symposium Abstract)
The Wyoming Basin has been the scene of an increased amount of archaeological investigation
in the last decade. The data have been produced by a wide variety of multidisciplinary
researchers, including academics, resource managers, and consultants. The focus of this
symposium will be twofold: examining the existing data sets to identify cultural entities and
associated lifeways, and new avenues for analyzing data sets.
(Symposium 1)
THOMPSON, Kevin W.; Archaeological Services of Western Wyoming College
PASTOR, Jana V.; Archaeological Services of Western Wyoming College
ECKERLE, William; Western GeoArch Research, UT
INGBAR, Eric E.; Gnomon, Inc., NV
Riverine Adaptation in Southwest Wyoming
Researchers have long lamented the dearth of data from riverine sites, especially in the western
portion of the Wyoming Basin. Recent investigations by Western Wyoming College focusing on
human occupation of the lower terraces of the Green River have provided new information about
the importance of the riverine environment to the overall settlement and subsistence practices. In
addition to extensive geoarchaeological and paleoenvironmental studies, the data recovery
project incorporated some excavation techniques previously untried in the area. GIS mapping
was used as an analytical tool. This paper examines diachronic change of the Green River
(Symposium 1)
TIMMONS, Rebecca S.; U. S. Forest Service, MT
Montana's Heritage: Bringing Archaeology Into the Classroom
I will discuss the production of the Montana's Heritage: Bringing Archaeology into the
Classroom elementary school teaching guide, created in 1994 by the U.S.F.S. Kootenai National
(Forum 2)
TIMMONS, Rebecca S.; U. S. Forest Service, MT
The Role of Fire in Northern Rocky Ecosystems: Effects on Heritage Resources
Fire has been a natural disturbance force in Northern Rocky Mountain ecosystems for millennia.
Ecosystems have been sculpted by fire and indigenous people have emulated natural fire patterns.
Plant and animal species have adapted to fire regimes quite different from that of the last 100
years. the last century of active fire suppression has altered ecosystems in the Northern Rockies.
Exclusion of fire has pushed many plants, considered important to Tribes today, into the fringes
of habitats. The tremendous buildup of fuels has posed unprecedented danger to archaeological
sites, turning sites into bonfire piles. Federal agencies are reintroducing fire into the landscape in
order to restore healthy ecosystems. Consequently, we must begin to piece together the complex
puzzle of fire effects on heritage resources. We can also use this knowledge to interpret
postdepositional impacts to sites that have been exposed to thousands of years of forest fire.
Through this type of research, we may finally be able to explain some perplexing artifact and
feature patterns. This paper will discuss the history of aboriginal burning by the Kootenai people
and the field experiments underway to understand fire effects in northern forests.
(General Session 6)
UNFREED, Wendy J.; Fedirchuk McCullough & Associates Ltd., Alberta
Bison Processing Practices in Southeastern Alberta: A Comparison of Middle Precontact Sites DlOq 17 and FbOt 20
Throughout its 454 kilometre length in Alberta, the Express Pipeline covered a broad range of
environments, from the grasslands of the southeastern portion of the province, to the parkland at
the northern terminus of the line. As a result, archaeological investigation of the development
was provided with a unique environmental transect within which to sample. Within this sample,
two significant bison kill primary processing sites, DlOq 17 and FbOt 20, were investigated in
detail. Although the two sites appear to have a number of characteristics in common, including
the spatial placement in an creek floodplain and similar temporal affiliations, they are found in
the grasslands and parklands, respectively. The purpose of the paper is to compare and contrast
the content, inter-site spatial patterning of materials and patterns of bone processing within these
sites, in order to provide the basis for discussions regarding environmental, seasonal, or cultural
(Forum 1)
VICKERS, J. Rod; Archaeological Survey, Provincial Museum of Alberta, Calgary
Cultural Resource Management in Alberta, Canada
In 1973, the Provincial Legislature of Alberta passed the Alberta Historical Resources Act. This
act contained two principles which have structured Cultural Resource Management in subsequent
years. The first defined all historical resources (historic, archaeological and palaeontological
sites and materials) as the property of the Crown. The second principle was one of "proponent
pays." The first principle ensured that there would be no private ownership of historical
resources, regardless of land ownership, and thus prevented the formation of a market for
historical properties. The second principle ensured that developers who might disturb the
Crown's historical resources would be responsible for funding impact assessments and
mitigation studies. The Legislature established the Archaeological Survey to implement the Act.
Our approaches to cultural resource management, as applied to the Express Pipeline Project, have
been developed pragmatically. Justification for impact mitigation decisions is based on
professional assessment of consultants' recommendations by government archaeologists rather
than by reference to formal criteria such as occurs the United States.
(Forum 1)
VIVIAN, Brian C.; University of Calgary
SHORTT, Mack; University of Calgary
Surveying the High Country of Banff and Glacier (MT) National Parks
High altitude archaeology has increasingly come to the fore over the last two decades across
North America. Cultural resource surveys throughout the western Cordillera have revealed a rich
and varied archaeological record. Nonetheless, the articulation of Precontact landuse and
mountain ecosystems remains synthesized at a general level at best. More intensive survey
coverage of high altitude environments indicates that landuse patterns may vary greatly over
several hundred kilometres. To illustrate this point, results of recent archaeological surveys
within Glacier National Park, Montana, and Banff National Park are introduced. The particular
ecosystem of each region is presented and the character and distribution of archaeological sites
are discussed as a means of comparing and contrasting the patterns of Precontact landuse of
each park area respectively. Conclusions will highlight the contributions intensive surveys may
make toward a finer resolution of high altitude landuse throughout these portions of the Rocky
(Symposium 2)
VLCEK, David T.; Bureau of Land Management, WY
McKean or Not McKean. . . Is That the Question? A Reevaluation of Fourth to Fifth Millennia Prehistoric Occupation in the Upper Green River Basin
Numerous prehistoric sites dated from 3800 to 5000 radiocarbon years ago occur in the upper
Green River Basin. These sites also contain sandstone slab-lined pits, Archaicaged points with
stemmed and indented bases and, infrequently, housepits. Several new Wyoming Basin
chronologies don't seem to allow for the trait complex, called McKean on the Plains, in
recognized Pine Spring, Opal, or Green River phases. This paper examines data from the upper
Green River basin, compares it with the extensive McKean components excavated during the
Shute Creek project and other nearby sites. A new chronology more sensitive to perceived
archaeological occupations within the upper basin is proposed.
(Symposium 1)
WALKER, Danny N.; Wyoming State Archaeologist's Office
DE VORE, Steven; National Park Service
SOMERS, Lewis; Geoscan, Inc.
WALKER, James; Brigham Young University, UT
Archaeological Applications of Geophysical Remote Sensing to Historical Archaeology: A Summary of Work From Fort Laramie National Historical Site
During the past five years, geophysical remote sensing has been extensively applied to several
projects at Fort Laramie National Historic Site, Wyoming. Techniques used include soil
resistivity, magnetics, ground penetrating radar, and lowlevel large scale aerial photography.
Several feature types have been examined, including foundations, depressions, fortified
entrenchments, dump areas, and cemeteries. The usefulness of such techniques in the
preliminary stages of historic site investigations at Fort Laramie has been demonstrated during
every project. With the proper preliminary application and interpretation of these remote sensing
techniques on historic sites, massive amounts of time and money can be saved for the sponsoring
client. A call for their increased use before formal archaeological investigations is made.
(General Session 2)


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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Over the past two summers, a number of very serious injuries have been reported to Markel Insurance Company involving ski boats. Several of these involved incidents where no spotter was used and/or the boat drivers were not certified. The more serious injuries usually involved bodily impact with the prop, indicating that the boat drivers either have poor visibility and/or a lack of awareness of the changing positions of people in the water. One incident involved a banana boat being toed with the use of improper towing equipment which failed resulting in a severe facial injury. Another banana boat injury involved a youth fracturing his leg when he fell off the boat at high speed. Another water ski incident involved a fall resulting in serious injuries when a group of skiers were building a pyramid.
- Everyone (including boat driver, spotter, passengers, and skiers) should always wear a properly fitted personal flotation device (PFD) that has a high-impact rating and is USCG-approved for waterskiing. (See the article, "Personal Flotation Devices: Picking the Right One," in the Winter 2006 issue of The CampLine for additional information on choosing the proper PFD.)
- lways have another adult other than the driver of the boat act as a spotter. The spotter's job is to watch the skier, receive hand signals, and alert the boat operator if the skier falls. The driver should watch the lake and other boaters, not the person skiing.
- Be familiar with the waterskiing area so you can avoid areas of shallow water, submerged obstructions, and other dangerous situations. Also, stay clear of beaches and swim areas. In many states, boat speed is restricted to 5 miles per hour within 100 feet of swimmers and within 200 feet of beaches, docks, or floats.
- Conduct swim tests for all water skiers prior to participation for basic swimming abilities.
- Go over the proper hand signals with the skier before he or she enters the water.
- Use a tow rope that is at least 75 feet long and always check that your tow line is straight before each skier begins. One camper had an arm entangled in the tow line during a fall resulting in an amputation.
- NEVER allow a water skier to put their arm through the handle of the ski rope (which occasionally happens if the skier's arms or hand grip get tired). If they should fall, an amputation could occur.
- Maintain a reasonable, safe speed (usually 18-25 miles per hour) and keep an alert eye open for other boats and watercraft. Give at least 300 feet of clearance to fishermen and slower moving crafts like canoes, kayaks, and sailboats, and at least 100 feet to the side of other skiers.
- Do not follow other water skiers or banana boaters within 200 feet. If the water skier falls, you may not have time to avoid them.
- When possible, avoid driving your boat directly into the sun if it is making it difficult for the boat operator to see the water, other boats, or possible people in the water in front of your boat. It may be necessary to zigzag slightly to avoid direct glare.
- Don't ski when it is getting dark or is night. It's hard for the boat operator, skiers, or other boats to see.
- When a skier falls, return immediately at a slow speed (less than 5 miles per hour), circling the skier from the driver's side of the boat. If the skier is going to continue skiing, the driver should make the circle with about a 20-foot clearance. If picking up the skier, the driver should shut off the engine before the skier approaches the boat. Do not leave the throttle in neutral because the propeller may still be turning.
- Do not allow other campers or staff to enter the water without first notifying the boat driver.
- Follow the state boating laws and certification requirements for boat drivers.
- There may be times (holidays, weekend, or just a busy day) when the aquatic area is very crowded and skiing and boating is at higher risk and possibly unsafe. Have specific guidelines for your boat operators to determine when to move or close down the skiing operation for the day.
- Establish and communicate to your staff a policy regarding using the ski boat during their time off.
- Many states also require the display of a ski flag to notify other boaters. Even if this is not required in your state, it is an inexpensive and good practice.
Will Evans is the director of safety education for Markel Insurance Company. Over the past sixteen years, he has provided numerous presentations to the American Camp Association and to a wide variety of camping organizations. Evans has served in an advisory capacity to the American Safety and Health Institute and the National American Red Cross for Lifeguard programs. Contact Evans at 800-431-1270, ext. 7563, or email@example.com [4].


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In the eyes of North Hardin coach Jim Stone, the Trojans outplayed the host Bardstown Bethlehem Eagles in every facet Thursday night.
North Hardin outshot Bethlehem, 22-8 and possessed the ball better, Stone said. The end result, however, wasn't a win.
The Eagles scored with less than 5 minutes left and held on to beat North Hardin, 3-2.
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Police catch teen who escaped while about to enter Ventura County Jail
Authorities said they arrested a teen who escaped from their control Monday night at the Ventura County jail.
About 8 p.m., a Ventura police officer was taking Luis Brambila, 19, to the jail at 800 S. Victoria Ave. on suspicion of domestic violence, officials said.
When Brambila was about to enter the jail, he got away from the officer and ran into the neighborhood while handcuffed, according to police. He was found in the 2100 block of Grand Ave.
Officers from the Ventura Police Department and Ventura County Sheriff's Office took part in the search for him, officials said. Ventura residents near the Government Center reported intense helicopter activity during the search.
Police said sheriff's helicopters assisted in the search.
Brambila was taken back to the jail and booked on suspicion of domestic violence, escape and resisting arrest.
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I am absolutely loving this playful and smart street eraser series. The idea that there is a blank Photoshop canvas secretly lurking under EVERYTHING, just makes me smile. It's kinda like this but with a urban twist.
Via Design Boom
I am absolutely loving this playful and smart street eraser series. The idea that there is a blank Photoshop canvas secretly lurking under EVERYTHING, just makes me smile. It's kinda like this but with a urban twist.
Via Design Boom
As a HUGE fan of the LA Flower Mart, I was thrilled to learn about the Oakland Flower Market. Both BZ and I really enjoy having fresh flowers in the home, and because the LA Flower Mart is both affordable and special, I had high hopes.
Located in downtown Oakland (parking is available in the back or on the street) the market is a wholesale and retail floral company catering to both the general public and trade businesses. It's a one stop shop for all floral needs, providing a nice variety of flowers and greens, general supplies, vases, floral tools, ribbons, sticks, moss, etc.
Because it was smaller than I had imagined, I asked about it's history and learned that years ago, the flower market flourished and had multiple vendors, but sadly over time all but one vendor closed down. As a result it feels like a smaller and less impressive venue (especially compared to the LA or San Fransisco Flower Mart (which was kinda a bummer). Due to this small size, I found that the prices weren't that competitive (BOOO) so the convenience of having everything under one roof is really the only reason to go.
With that said, BZ was able to put together a beautifully simple arrangement (that continues to look healthy and vibrant) for much less than a florist (but not less than Trader Joe's or the Farmers Market).
Posted in Crafty, Inside, Oakland, Party, Reviews, The Oakland Adventures | Permalink | Comments (0)
I have said this before and I will say it again, having children is like stepping into a time machine that is on supercharge fast forward. It's like one minute we're changing their diapers and literally the next minute they are changing ours - can I get an AMEN?!
When CML joined our crew, HML became a giant overnight. Everything of hers that felt so small, suddenly was enormous in comparison to to this new sweet boy. His fingers, his diapers, his clothing, even the little sounds that came out of his mouth, they were all so little - then I blinked - and he became huge.
CML stayed small for maybe a nanosecond, and is now well on his way to becoming a starting linebacker. He's transitioned into in his crib seamlessly, is almost sleeping through the night (knock on the wood), has outgrown the magic lamb swing, can almost hold his own bottle, and is already testing out his high chair. He is happy, friendly, adaptable, and can clearly communicate his needs.
The speed at which a child grows, and the ability to see that growth from day to day is unlike anything I have ever experienced. It's hard to not ask yourself where the time has gone, but when you look around, sometimes it becomes pretty clear.
HML's five month update here :)
PLEASE NOTE: I am fully aware that this teeny-weeny Wednesday post is happening on Friday :).
Posted in Baby, Baby Boy, CML, Current Events, Currently Coveting, Kids, Me, Photography, Pregnancy Series, Teeny-Weeny Wednesday | Permalink | Comments (0)
There is something so intoxicating about this trailer for Tokyo Reverse, I simply can't look away. In these dreamlike shorts everything moves in reverse, except the subject (who walked the streets of Tokyo backwards for over nine hours :). The reactions by those around him are a welcome surprise while the soundtrack feels a little off. To learn more about Simon Bouisson (the French new media artist behind the work) visit his homepage and to view more of Tokyo Reverse visit his Vimeo page.
Via Wired
Posted in Art, Film, Video | Permalink | Comments (0)
The Elmwood neighborhood in Berkeley has always been bustling with wonderful restaurants and adorable shops, and it seems to have only improved with time. Recently I lunched with an old friend and she introduced me to Summer Kitchen & Bake Shop, a welcomed new addition to both my tummy and the hood.
The food is delicious and the adorable space is perfectly styled and appropriately simple so for good reason there is usually a line out the door. Zoned primarily as a to-go eatery, there is limited seating which can feel tight at times (especially when you are dealing with strollers) but if you are a smaller party, the counter is often available and a comfortable option. I asked about their menu (which changes monthly and showcases seasonal/local ingredients) and generally includes meat entrees, pasta, pizza, salads, sandwiches, sweets and side dishes.
As an environmentally responsible business, not only do they go to great lengths to source the best ingredients and cook what's in season, all of their meats are grown in a humane manner and are free of hormones and antibiotics, the menu is free of trans-fats and high fructose corn syrup, they serve Blue Bottle Coffee that is fair-trade and roasted locally in Oakland, and all to-go packaging is 100% compostable (AMEN).
The way I look at it, it's basically the best place you can go to indulge in a kale caesar salad with fried chicken and not feel too guilty (while also saving room for the lemon meringue cupcake, of course :). I love this place and can't wait to go back!
Posted in Currently Coveting, Food and Drink, Oakland, Reviews, The Oakland Adventures | Permalink | Comments (0)


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Ochsner Health System has provided the residents of Southeast Louisiana with high-quality, affordable healthcare for more than 70 years. We are a local, not-for-profit partner and are driven by our mission to ensure we meet the healthcare needs of the region for years to come. We have a community board and we are community-focused.
Access to Care: In the wake of Hurricane Katrina, Ochsner helped to rebuild and grow the medical infrastructure of Southeastern Louisiana. Our vision is to build a healthcare hub based right here in Jefferson Parish that is renowned for its high-quality, patient-centered care; its superb medical community and advanced facilities and capabilities; and the depth and breadth of its primary care and specialized services.
We plan to bring more services and drive more patients to our affiliated community hospitals and physicians because we believe in caring for patients in the most appropriate setting, as close to where they live and work as possible.
Not only do we continue to provide superior care for families here at home, but in the past year, Ochsner treated patients from 44 states and 63 countries. Working with our community and physician partners, we aim to become the provider of choice for thousands of families who will travel here from areas beyond our region.
Economic Impact: Not only is Ochsner a significant healthcare partner, but we also contribute to the economic health and well-being of the communities we serve. Our economic impact at the city, parish and state levels is significant.
- Ochsner is Louisiana's largest private employer. In 2012, Ochsner employed 14,323 people across our system.
- In 2011, Ochsner spent $1.6 billion to operate all of its facilities; just under $1 billion went to wages and salaries paid to Louisianans.
- In 2011, Ochsner had a $1.4 billion economic impact on Jefferson Parish, which generated $28 million of local sales tax.
Charity Care: As a not-for-profit, mission-driven organization, Ochsner serves any patient in need, even those who cannot afford to pay for medical care. In 2011, Ochsner provided more than $60 million in free care, medical education and research, and support to various civic activities in the state.
Employer Relations: Ochsner partners with employers by providing a comprehensive suite of solutions that enables companies to provide high-quality, cost-effective healthcare to their employees. Ochsner currently serves 33,000 people annually at more than 100 companies to meet the following needs:
- Access – same-day appointments, evening and weekend clinic hours, patient portal
- Wellness – Elmwood fitness centers, executive health, pathway to wellness program
- Quality – one of the top rated hospitals in the U.S. for clinical outcomes quality
- Affordability – high-performance network insurance products with Humana & BCBS
- Predictability – multi-year pricing available plus three-year strategic wellness plan
School Partnerships: We know that healthy lifestyles start early in life. So, Ochsner has partnered with local schools to make a difference. Since 2007, Ochsner and the Jefferson Parish Public School System have partnered in support of school-based health clinics. As a medical sponsor, Ochsner establishes and supports the school wellness councils, where students become advocates for transforming their schools in healthier places. Ochsner Community Outreach also teamed with Humana to initiate two student wellness programs: The HealthESchools initiative, which is a Web-based program tracking the food choices and physical activity of elementary students, and Cooking up Health Options and Portions (C.H.O.P.), an after-school cooking program for middle school students to learn practical healthy cooking techniques.
Community Wellness: Ochsner is dedicated to improving the health of the communities we serve. We do this in a number of ways, such as providing health screenings, teaching nutrition classes and offering affordable memberships at our health and fitness centers. One great example of our impact on community's health and wellness is our Choose Health program, which Ochsner has offered to our patients and customers of Rouses since 2008. In the past year, the program has provided almost 900 free health screenings alerting more than 300 people to abnormal blood pressure or glucose levels.


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Floyd Mayweather Is Interviewed At The Chicago Theatre
June 27, 2013 12:56 AM
The Mully and Hanley Show Read More
By Craig Miller-
(CBS) Listen to Floyd Mayweather's entire Q & A live at the Chicago Theatre.
Floyd Mayweather will be fighting Canelo Alvarez in a 12-round fight for Mayweather's WBA Super Welterweight Super World Championship and Canelo's WBA, WBC and The Ring Magazine Super Welterweight World Championships. It will take place Saturday, September 14 at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas and can been seen live on Showtime Pay-Per-View.
In addition to acting as a producer for The Mully and Hanley Show, heard Monday-Friday from 5am-9am on 670 The Score, Craig covers boxing for 670TheScore.com/boxing. Follow Craig on Twitter @CraigMiller670


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I have been modeling for over 12 years now. It gave me a chance to travel the world and my work is published globally. I have worked both as a fashion as well as a commercial model for photo shoots, commercials and runways. Some of the highlights include:
To view my full portfolio, please send me an email.
Soon after I started modeling, I also started working as a hostess. 'Hostess' is a very broad concept. Sometimes I was a hostess in the classical sense: welcoming guests and guiding them throughout the event they attended. Other times, often at exhibitions, the hostessing was close to a sales job. I would inform visitors about the company I was working for and through smart conversations, I would figure out if this person could be a potential customer for my client. I have hosted all types of events, from informal b2c events, to formal gatherings with directors of global companies, as well as b2b events.


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Rail Travel
Rail is the fastest and most reliable (surface) mode of transport. In Worcestershire, most of our larger urban areas have a rail station, which offers a fast and stress free alternative to driving, particularly if you are going the distance!
Engineering Works
Engineering works take place at many places on the rail network especially at weekends. For further details, visit National Rail.
Bus Travel
For the latest bus timetables, journey planning, travel news. Read more
Plans for Bromsgrove Rail Station
Worcestershire County Council and Centro are jointly funding a new railway interchange in Bromsgrove to replace the existing station. This is being done in partnership with the Department for Transport and Network Rail. Read more


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SALT LAKE CITY (AP) -- Kevin Durant scored 22 of his 42 points from the free throw line, including a pair with 6.4 seconds remaining, to lift the Oklahoma City Thunder to a 101-98 win over the Utah Jazz on Wednesday night.
Reggie Jackson scored 14 points and had two free throws of his own with 10.5 seconds to play. Thabo Sefolosha also had 14 points for the Thunder.
Gordon Hayward had a chance to tie the game for the Jazz but missed a long 3-pointer just before the buzzer.
Alec Burks had 19 of his 24 points in the second half for Utah and closed the gap to 99-98 on a dunk after Hayward came up with the ball in a mad scramble with 10 seconds left.
Oklahoma City led 79-64 before Burks began slicing through the Thunder defense for an array of acrobatic shots. In a span bridging the third and fourth quarter, the third-year reserve guard scored 13 of Utah's 15 points and assisted on the other basket.
Journeyman Mike Harris sank all three free throws after Durant fouled him on a desperation shot to beat the shot clock to cut Oklahoma City's lead to 86-83. After another Durant free throw, Harris dunked to bring Utah within two.
Harris, the last man to make the 15-man roster, drew the challenge of guarding Durant and tried to get physical with him. A couple of minutes after hitting a jumper to draw Utah within three points, Harris fouled out with 2:58 to play.
The Jazz trailed 95-92 when Burks had his pass stolen by Durant, who was in turn knocked to the floor by Favors. Slowing rising back to his feet with the help of teammates, Durant scowled at the Jazz players who inflicted so many bruises on opening night.
Although Oklahoma City posted the best record in the Western Conference last season, the Thunder were uncertain how well their offense would run without Russell Westbrook, who is expected to miss the first month of the season, and reliable scorer Kevin Martin, who was signed as a free agent by Minnesota.


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Physician Directory
Physician Directory
New Search
Refine Results
Refine Results
Sort By:
Physicians with Priority Scheduling
- What's Priority Scheduling?
Priority scheduling helps to reduce the wait time for new patient appointments to within 5 working days for most specialities. Based on your insurance, location and language, we can quickly match you to the physician or specialist you need.
Mona S Boghdadi, MD details
Family Medicine
1 physician whose last name begins with b and who speaks Arabic
Mona S Boghdadi, MD
Offers Priority Schedulingdetails27348 Cashford Circle
Wesley Chapel, FL 33544
Office Phone: (813) 907-7680
Fax: (813) 907-2454
2 miles away


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Music video for Scratchzilla, a track off "Click," a new release from Clint Bierman & The Necessary Means.
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text:
Terrorist Takedown 2: US Navy Seals
- Genre:
- Shooter, First-Person
- Publisher:
- City Interactive
- Developer:
- City Interactive
- Gamesite:
- Click Here
By: TonicBH
Originally was gonna be a commentary, but I lost interest the first time I tried to make the video. I almost uploaded the first attempt, but I realized it was wayyyyy too dark and wouldn't make it enjoyable to watch. So after cranking the gamma up a bit, I can see now! And hopefully you can too. Randomly found this on a Filefront demo section and it had a boatload of downloads. It's basically a F.E.A.R. mod that tries to be Call of Duty. And fails at both. After playing this, it makes me want to play F.E.A.R. again. But after I play some other games first.
Views: 3,179 | Posted: 05/25/2011
By: NamelessGaming
These are just two of the titles from the range others include: Code of Honor BeautyFactory Overspeed Wings of Honour All titles in this range are priced £4.99 each and are available now. For more information on City interactive visit: http://www.city-interactive.com
Views: 872 | Posted: 12/01/2010
By: manasteel88
Niizuma Wa Sailor Fuku is an eroge (erotic game) from Puzzlebox and artist Ino
Views: 3,935 | Posted: 05/19/2010
Enlist with the US Navy Seals and head overseas where terrorist activity is on the rise.
Views: 60,205 | Posted: 01/04/2008


text: Brace Yourself For the Ultimate Jewelry Giveaway Bling this Spring with a bevy of new baubles. We've teamed with The Zoe Report and Charm & Chain to bring you a shopping spree at Charm & Chain. With designers like Alexis Bittar, Gorjana, House of Harlow, Kelly Wearstler, and Rachel Zoe herself, Charm & Chain offers plenty of accessories to adorn you. Enter now to win a $1,500 shopping spree.


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Next to Chippenham Golf Course, this Premier Inn hotel is well placed for the M4, Bowood Adventure Park and Castle Combe Race Circuit. Enjoy comfortable en suite rooms and free parking. Just 2 miles (3. (178062)
Minimum room rate: £72 GBP
Earliest check in time: 14:00
Latest checkout time: 12:00
With its central location, Premier Inn Chippenham is within easy reach of most tourist attractions and business addresses in Chippenham. All hotel's guestrooms have all the conveniences expected in a hotel in its class to suit guests' utmost comforts. In-room facilities include desk, hair dryer, internet access (wireless), television, shower, separate shower and tub. Guests staying at this Chippenham accommodation can enjoy a wide range of hotel facilities such as shops, bar/pub, meeting facilities, restaurant, disabled facilities, business center, WiFi .These top-class facilities are complemented to excellent services to meet the needs of visitors to Chippenham. To make your booking at the Premier Inn Chippenham Chippenham, please enter the dates of your stay and sumbit our secure online booking form.
Copyright (c) 2015 HintonGrange.co.uk. All rights reserved. | Website by York Computer Repairs.
Content is subject to change without any prior notice. Please check details with the hotel.


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by dstark1
on 2/23/2015
This seems to be a well made product. Easy instructions to follow for assembly. Just what I needed to fit on our table.
by pickupman
on 12/27/2012
built better then expected for the money.
i would buy another one.
Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader
50-14760 - Flat Panel Tilt Mount for 32~60 inch Televisions
Tilting Flat Panel Television Mount for 32"-60" screens
Designed for mounting LCD, LED and plasma televisions, these rugged mounts provide the utmost in value and professional appearance.
22-15920 - Pliers Storage Rack
Pliers storage rack makes a handy storage solution for any work bench or tool chest. Keeps up to 32 pairs of pliers organized but ready for work.
35-5155 - 10MM Headphones White High Performance Earbud
High Performance Earbud Headphones White
Lightweight, stylish, high performance earbuds give crystal clear sound as well as a comfortable fit. Ideal for use with CD, MP3, MP4 and any other small portable audio players.
28-955 - Double Sided Foam Tape
Thousands of uses Fasten accessories to car dash, etc. 3/4" x 61/2' roll
Easy and quickly bought my TV component and used tutorial to fix. Now have a working TV again for a tiny fraction of cost of a new TV, so very satisfied.


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CASTLE DALE - Orange Henry Seely, age 94, passed away Saturday, June 7, 2014 at his home in Castle Dale leaving his earthly home to a spiritual reunion. Henry was born October 18, 1919 in Castle Dale to Henry Alonzo and Emma Jacobsen Seely. He married Marva Keele in Elko, Nevada December 24, 1956, taking on four daughters.
Funeral services will be held Wednesday, June 11, 2014 at 11:00 a.m. at the Castle Dale LDS Stake Center (35 East Main). There will be a viewing Tuesday, June 10, from 6:00 - 7:00 p.m. at Fausett Mortuary (720 N. Center St., Castle Dale) and on Wednesday from 9:30 - 10:30 a.m. at the Stake Center prior to the services. Interment will be in the Castle Dale City Cemetery. Services are in the care of Fausett Mortuary. Family and friends may sign the guest book and share memories of Henry at www.fausettmortuary.com.


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Field Reservation
Field Conditions
SLYSA - St.Louis Youth Soccer
Ajax Soccer Club
Avalon Soccer Club
JB Marine Soccer Club
Bino's Soccer Club
Kolping Kicks Soccer Club
Lou Fusz Soccer Club
Metro Strikers Soccer Club
Mid Rivers Soccer Club
Norco Soccer Club
Midwest Fury Soccer Club
Panathinaikos USA SC
Tony Glavin Soccer Club
St. Louis Scott Gallagher SC
WC St. Louis Soccer Club
Saint Louis Royals
St.Louis Youth Lacrosse
Sportport is a 95-acre multi-purpose outdoor athletic facility that features 12 full-size, fully-lighted grass fields, 2 full-size unlighted grass fields, 1 stadium field, 1 cricket field, 4 locker rooms, a concession stand, parking, players benches, and bleachers on all fields. Sportport is just 15 minutes from St. Louis Lambert International Airport, minutes from Interstates 70 and 270 and within a 10-mile radius of approximately 3,600 hotel rooms. Sportport offers fields for a wide variety of uses: soccer, football, lacrosse, rugby, field hockey, shows, recreational leagues, competitve leagues, tournaments, and practices at all age levels.
Rental Requests
For information regarding field and facility rentals for team practices, club training, camps, leagues and tournaments for 2014, please contact Sportport at
(314) 334-3576
View on-line or use the free app!
Supporting Organizations
Copyright © 2015 STL Sportport. All Rights Reserved.
is Free Software released under the
GNU/GPL License.


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Research Funding
The research work carried out in my group would not have been possible without the support from funding agencies. We would like to gratefully acknowledge the research funding made available to us by the following agencies.
• University of Pennsylvania: Improved Therapies for MPS-I (Co-PI)
• American Heart Association (Grant No: 0865323E - PI)
• American Heart Association (Grant No: 0855076E, Co-PI)
• Alabama Drug Discovery Alliance (PI)
• Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences: Translational Research Grant (PI)
• Comprehensive Cancer Center: Collaborative Programmatic Development Grant PI)
• Faculty Development Grant (PI)
• Breast Spore Pilot Grant (PI)
• NIH, R21 A1053821 (Co-PI)
In addition, the start up funds, labs and other infrastructure provided by UAB chemistry department is also gratefully acknowledged.


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Hurricane Sandy, cancer and hope for recovery
REUTERS Kirsten Fulton reacts as she shares a moment with Ann Romney, wife of Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney, during … Continued
Bringing Dharma, Seva, Shakti and Yoga at the Political forefront
As I watched the vice presidential debate last week I saw how comfortable we, as a nation, are about religion … Continued
Komen's Nancy Brinker takes new role; had said she 'made mistakes' with Planned Parenthood move
JONATHAN ERNST REUTERS Susan G. Komen for the Cure's Nancy Brinker attends a White House dinner in March 2011. Susan … Continued
Technology shifts the meaning of 'death us do part' in funeral rituals
When her 91-year-old aunt passed away in 2010, Diane DiResta videotaped the eulogies to create a record of the moving … Continued
The Christocrats never really went away
The "Christocrats" are back. Not that they ever really went away. When I wrote "The Baptizing of America: The Religious … Continued
At CPAC, new kind of culture war
You know things have taken a turn for the dramatic when a Baptist preacher declares, "Thanks to Obama, we are … Continued
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The confrontation between the bishops and the White House over coverage contraception in all health plans has not ended with … Continued
Komen's Nancy Brinker says she made mistakes in Planned Parenthood case
In her first public statement since her organization reversed a decision to stop donating to Planned Parenthood, Nancy Brinker, the … Continued
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Dear Nancy, We have known each other for a long time and I have admired your work enormously. That is … Continued
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32A W. Lake St.
Addison, IL 60101
ph: (630) 543 8333
Welcome to the new candkelectronics.com. We are proud to serve the Chicagoland area for the last 25 years.
We offer a low-priced repair solution for your electronic needs. We provide these services with the highest degree of technical and professional excellence and with the utmost reliability.
We offer out of warranty service.
Keywords: tv repair, television repair, tv repair chicago, lcd tv repair, dlp tv repair, led tv repair, projection tv repair, sony tv repair, samsung tv repair, mitsubishi tv repair, polarioid tv repair, lg tv repair, panasonic tv repair.
Come check out our refurbished flat screen TV's for sale with warranty.
We carry all major lamps and also offer next day availability. Click Here for more details.
Mon-Fri: 10am-6pm
Saturday: 10am- 5pm
Sunday: Closed
Copyright 2010 C & K Electronics. All rights reserved.
32A W. Lake St.
Addison, IL 60101
ph: (630) 543 8333


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(KNSD) - An Arizona man is helping make history at Scripps Hospital in La Jolla, California.
Bill Gates is one of the first people on the West Coast to be treated with the newest version of the world's smallest heart pump.
Gates had survived a heart bypass surgery 11 years ago, three heart attacks and the amputation of his leg, but he was beginning to lose hope that his clogged arteries could be properly repaired.
When he heard about the minimally invasive procedure being offered by cardiologists at Scripps Green in La Jolla, he was overjoyed.
"I figured it was the beginning of the end. Now, I have life ...you know?" Gates says.
The Impella heart pump is a device that received clearance last month from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and was approved to maintain blood flow during surgery.
"We expect this to be a significant tool in helping more patients. High-risk patients with blocked arteries are now able to undergo arterial repair without major surgery," says Dr. Paul Teirstein, who led the Scripps heart care team.
"The new Impella CP makes a procedure that could be very risky for a patient with a weakened heart," says Dr. Teirstein.
The Impella pump is inserted via catheter through a tiny incision in the patient's femoral artery and is then moved into position so that it will pump large quantities of blood through the body, essentially taking over the pumping action of the patient's heart.
"There are many different type of ventricular assist devices on the market now, but these are all so large that they require surgery to be implanted," said Teirstein. "The Impella CP device is so tiny that it does not need invasive surgery to be inserted into the patient."
Designed to pump up to four liters of blood per minute through a patient's circulatory system, the catheter-delivered device allows the heart to rest while repairs are made to damaged arteries.
Previous versions of the heart pump could provide only about 2.5 liters of blood-flow per minute.