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I spend a huge amount of time reading studies and scientific articles about parenting and I've always been a bit suspicious of studies about the percentage of parents who spank their kids. The numbers always seemed too low. After all, who in their right mind would spank a child in front of a bunch of scientists who are going to write an article about you? And even in a survey without witnesses—how many people are honestly going to admit that they smack their kids?
Debunking Wait-Til-Your-Father-Comes-Home Myth of Dad as Disciplinarian
Just when you thought the spanking controversy was over…
A few years ago I read a study–in Parenting magazine, I think–that found that 25 percent of parents spanked their kids. Those were just the people who admitted it. My guess is that it's closer to 50 percent. If you were to factor in the parents who think about giving their kids a whack once in a while, you'd probably be up in the high 90s.
So when I read about a study in Germany (where corporal punishment was actually outlawed in 2000) that more than 50 percent of parents admitted that they hit their kids, I immediately jumped to the conclusion that the real numbers are insanely high. Here's what the study found:
[Read more…]
Hey, Are You Spanking My Child?
Dear Mr. Dad: My mom watches my 3-year-old son while I work part-time. I appreciate her help but it bothers me that she spanks him when he misbehaves or disobeys. I've been meaning to speak with her about this, but have been holding off because I can't afford to hire a babysitter and I don't want to antagonize my mom. What do you suggest?
A: Boy, that's a tough one. On one hand, it's comforting—not to mention more convenient and less expensive—to have your son cared for by a loving relative while you're at work. On the other, if you and your mom can't reach an agreement on how to discipline your child, you've got a real problem—regardless of the financial savings or the convenience factor.
[Read more…]

subset: commoncrawl


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Battle Pet Tamers: CataclysmDefeat Brok, Bordin Steadyfist, and Goz Banefury in pet battles.
|Defeat Brok
|Defeat Bordin Steadyfist
|Defeat Goz Banefury
DescriptionYou have defeated Northrend's finest tamers, but you need more preparation before you are ready to face the grand masters of Pandaria. Ready yourself and hone your skills by defeating these elite tamers: Brok in Mount Hyjal, Bordin Steadyfist in Deepholm, and Goz Banefury in Twilight Highlands.
Once you have triumphed over them, you will be ready to journey to Pandaria to face the ultimate challenge.
RewardsYou will receive: 15 40
|Sack of Pet Supplies


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TEACH Grant Program
Recent federal legislation established this nation-wide program to help attract teachers into high-need teaching areas (such as math, science, and second languages) taught in K-12 low-income schools. It allows for a grant of up to $4,000 per year ($16,000 total) for students in qualifying undergraduate programs and up to $4,000 per year (limit $8,000) for students in qualifying master's programs.
For more information, go to: http://www.d.umn.edu/fareg/grants_teach.html


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If so, simply type your text below.
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- Northern New York Newspapers
- Watertown
- Ogdensburg
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POTSDAM - Returning to Cheel Arena for its first games in Potsdam since early December, the Clarkson University mens hockey team will look to make the most of the upcoming four-game home stand to break out of its longest winless skid of the season.
The Golden Knights, guided by third-year head coach Casey Jones and assistants Phil Roy 00 and Andy Jones, close out a six-game stretch against Hockey East competition when they host Merrimack College in a two-game series this weekend. Both Friday and Saturday games are 7:00 p.m. starts.
Clarkson, led by senior captain Ben Sexton (Kanata, ONT), stands at 12-6-2 overall and is ranked 11th in the latest national polls. After this weekend series against Merrimack, which closes out the non-league portion of the schedule, the Green and Gold resume ECAC Hockey play hosting defending national champion Yale and Brown on January 17-18. The Knights entered 2014 with a third-place, 6-2 league mark.
Clarksons current winless skid reached four games (0-3-1) when the Knights opened the New Year with a tie and loss against Top-10 ranked UMass-Lowell at Tsongas Arena. This past Friday, Clarkson battled back to earn a 1-1 tie against the River Hawks as freshman goaltender Steve Perry (Ligonier, PA) posted a career-high 38 saves. On Saturday, playing in the third consecutive game against UMass-Lowell, the Green and Gold, despite an overwhelming 32-14 shot advantage and a quick two-goal lead, fell 4-3.
After a 20-day layoff for the exams and the holidays, Clarkson returned to play at the Catamount Cup in Burlington, VT in late December, losing to Vermont 3-2 and UMass-Lowell 3-1.
Sexton paces a balanced offensive effort for the Green and Gold with 17 points, including a team-high 12 assists. The Knights captain is one of the nations best centers on faceoffs, winning .580% of his draws (249-180). Senior Allan McPherson (Kinburn, ONT) leads the team in goals with seven, and adds eight assists for 15 points. McPherson and junior Joe Zarbo (Grand Island, NY) are tied for sixth in the country in game-winning goals (3).
Sophomore Greg Lewis (Mars, PA) and Perry rank among the Top 20 goaltenders in Division I in several categories. Lewis, who has made 12 starts, owns the seventh-best winning percentage in the nation (.727%) with an 8-3 record. Perry, who is tied for eighth in the nation in shutouts (2), holds the 13th-best goals against average in the country (2.03).
In the midst of a five-game road trip, Merrimack comes into the North Country on a three-game unbeaten streak (1-0-2). Guided by 10th-year head coach Mark Dennehy, the Warriors stand at 4-9-3 overall. Merrimack posts an 11th-place 1-5-2 Hockey East mark. In its first game of the New Year, Merrimack skated to a 1-1 draw with fourth-ranked Providence on Saturday at a Frozen Fenway outdoor game. The Warriors closed out the 2013 portion of the schedule by taking three of four points from Hockey East rival Boston University on December 6-7. Merrimack won the first game against the Terriers 3-2 at Lawler Arena and then tied BU 1-1 on the Terriers home ice at Agganis Arena. In their only other game against ECAC Hockey competiton so far this season, the Warriors lost 3-2 in overtime at Yale on November 30. Merrimack is 0-6-3 away from Lawler Arena this season.
Clarkson and Merrimack will face off against each other for the first time in almost 25 years. The Knights, who won the first game between the schools, 12-3 on February 25, 1967 in Potsdam, lead the series 4-2. The Warriors, however, have won the last two encounters. In their last meeting, in the only game played between the two teams on Merrimacks home ice, Lawler Arena, the Warriors edged the Green and Gold 1-0 on January 20, 1989. Merrimack also defeated Clarkson in the last game played in Potsdam, 1-0 at Walker Arena on January 22, 1988. The Knights won the first four games in the series, all played at Walker. The Knights last victory over Merrimack was an 8-2 triumph on November 20, 1970.
KNIGHT KNOTES: After going 9-1-1 in one-goal games through the first 16 contests, the Knights fortunes turned over the break leading to a four-game winless skid. Clarkson was in every game, losing a pair of one-goal affairs, tying another and falling by two goals (with the last goal coming as the goaltender was attempting to leave the ice for an extra attacker) Clarkson has gone its last 10 games against Hockey East opponents without recording a win (0-9-1). The Knights last victory over a HEA foe was a 4-2 triumph vs Boston College at Cheel Arena on January 5, 2008 In Saturdays game at Lowell, Clarkson scored the opening goal in a game for the first time since November 15 in the 3-2 win over Cornell. The Knights suffered just their second loss of the season after scoring the games opening goal (8-2-1) ... Junior defenseman Sam Labrecque (Granby, QUE) was a force from the blueline in the weekend series at Lowell, scoring a goal in each game. He has five goals on the season and is tied with sophomore Paul Geiger (Stouffville, ONT) for the Knights scoring lead among defensemen with 10 points After sitting the previous two-games as a healthy scratch, freshman A.J. Fossen (Maple Grove, MN) played a strong game on Saturday against UMass-Lowell, scoring the opening goal just 3:11 in and recording an assist for his first career multiple-point game Freshman defenseman Bryan Sinz (Anchorage, AK) picked up an assist on the Knights opening goal on Saturday for his first career point in his second NCAA game Playing in his first game since November 1, freshman Jordan Boucher (St. Therese, QUE) recorded an assist on Saturday Steve Perry made his first back-to-back starts in the Clarkson crease in the series against the River Hawks. He made a career-high 38 saves in Fridays 1-1 tie, but turned aside just 10 of 14 shots in the Saturday afternoon game After this weekends non-league series against Merrimack, Clarkson will play the remaining 14 games against ECAC Hockey competition with eight of those games at Cheel Arena Clarkson Hockey alumnus and current General Manager for the Columbus Blue Jackets, Jarmo Kekalainen 89 was named a People of Power & Influence (70th) in hockey by The Hockey News.
Thousands of readers like you have made Northern New York Newspapers the number one ranked website* for local news and sports coverage in the north country.
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"His most daringly political, sexually transgressive, and moving novel in well over a decade" (Vanity Fair).
Winner of a 2013 Lambda Literary Award
A New York Times bestselling novel of desire, secrecy, and sexual identity, In One Person is a story of unfulfilled love'ÄĒtormented, funny, and affecting'ÄĒand an impassioned embrace of our sexual differences. Billy, the bisexual narrator and main character of In One Person, tells the tragicomic story (lasting more than half a century) of his life as a "sexual suspect," a phrase first used by John Irving in 1978 in his landmark novel of "terminal cases," The World According to Garp.
In One Person is a poignant tribute to Billy'Äôs friends and lovers'ÄĒa theatrical cast of characters who defy category and convention. Not least, In One Person is an intimate and unforgettable portrait of the solitariness of a bisexual man who is dedicated to making himself "worthwhile."
The World According to Garp, which won the National Book Award in 1980, was John Irving's fourth novel and his first international bestseller. Irving's novels are now translated into thirty-five languages, and he has had nine international bestsellers. In One Person is John Irving's thirteenth novel.
"This tender exploration of nascent desire, of love and loss, manages to be sweeping, brilliant, political, provocative, tragic, and funny'e"it is precisely the kind of astonishing alchemy we associate with a John Irving novel.†The unfolding of the AIDS epidemic in the United States in the '80s was the defining moment for me as a physician. With my patients'e(TM) deaths, almost always occurring in the prime of life, I would find myself cataloging the†other†losses'e"namely, what these people might have offered society had they lived the full measure of their days: their art, their literature, the children they might have raised. †In One Person†is the novel that for me will define that era.†A profound truth is arrived at in these pages. It is Irving at his most daring, at his most ambitious.†It is America and American writing, both at their very best.'e ††††
'e" Abraham Verghese
"In One Person is a novel that makes you proud to be human. It is a book that not only accepts but also loves our differences. From the beginning of his career, Irving has always cherished our peculiarities'e"in a fierce, not a saccharine, way. Now he has extended his sympathies'e"and ours'e"still further into areas that even the misfits eschew. Anthropologists say that the interstitial'e"whatever lies between two familiar opposites'e"is †usually declared either taboo or sacred. John Irving in this magnificent novel'e"his best and most passionate since The World According to Garp'e"has sacralized what lies between polarizing genders and orientations. And have I mentioned it is also a gripping page-turner and a beautifully constructed work of art?"††
'e" Edmund White
"His most daringly political, sexually transgressive, and moving novel in well over a decade."'e"Vanity Fair
"A brave and affecting depiction of how in one life (sexual and otherwise) we contain multitudes."'e"Elle
'eoeIn One Person is a rich and absorbing book, even beautiful.'e 'e"Esquire
'eoe[In One Person] is a staggeringly ambitious work, and its success reaffirms Irving'e(TM)s place among our greatest working novelists.'e 'e"BookPage (Fiction Top Pick, May 2012)
'eoeFew writers can craft misfits with the tenderness of Irving, and this tragicomic portrait of a bisexual man is a masterpiece of sympathy and imagination.'e 'e"Departures
'eoeGorgeous'e¶Irving remains a master builder when it comes to constructing an epic plot filled with satisfying twists.'e 'e"Entertainment Weekly
'eoeIt is impossible to imagine the American 'e" or international 'e" literary landscape without John Irving'e¶.He has sold tens of millions of copies of his books, books that have earned descriptions like epic and extraordinary and controversial and sexually brave. And yet, unlike so many writers in the contemporary canon, he manages to write books that are both critically acclaimed and beloved for their sheer readability.† He is as close as one gets to a contemporary Dickens in the scope of his celebrity and the level of his achievement.'e 'e"Time


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Garlic Can Heal the Brain—and It Has Other Health Benefits
Sometime yesterday, Ramesh Bjonnes posted an article here at the Elephant entitled, "Why Garlic Is a Brain Toxin!" I eat a lot of garlic, and I regularly recommend it to my clients for controlling cholesterol, boosting the immune system, and even for increasing testosterone levels in aging men. So I figured I'd better read the post.
I did. And then I did a Google Scholar search for "sulphone hydroxyl ion," which is the constituent the author said causes brain toxicity. Nothing came up – I mean, like, zero. That's rare for anything that actually exists in the world. What this means is that no scholar or scholarly journal, magazine, or web site has ever mentioned this substance. In general, that would mean it does not exist.
So then I did a Google Scholar search for "garlic, brain, toxicity," assuming that if garlic is in any way toxic to the brain, someone would have noticed that by now (garlic is a widely studied subject). I did not find anything that suggests garlic is toxic to the brain, but many articles have looked at the ways in which garlic can remove other toxins from the brain, and maybe even stop neuronal apoptosis (neuron death). In general, garlic (especially in very high doses, most commonly as an aged garlic supplement, which makes it more stable – beyond what one might get in the diet) is neuro-protective, anti-cancer (including its possible use to prevent Alzheimer's Disease and other neuro-degenerative disorders), and may extend the life span of cells, and therefore, of us.
Each of the following is an open-source, academic, peer-reviewed study (you can read the whole study at the link):
Mechanisms of Inhibition of Chemical Toxicity and Carcinogenesis by Diallyl Sulfide (DAS) and Related Compounds from Garlic
Chung S. Yang, Saranjit K. Chhabra, Jun-Yan Hong and Theresa J. Smith
Laboratory for Cancer Research, College of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020
Diallyl sulfide (DAS) is a flavor compound derived from garlicand is sequentially converted to diallyl sulfoxide (DASO) anddiallyl sulfone (DASO2) by cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1). These compoundshave been shown to reduce the incidence of a multitude of chemicallyinduced tumors in animal models. The impediment of phase I activationof these carcinogens is hypothesized to be accountable for thereduction in tumor incidence. Indeed, DAS, DASO and DASO2 arecompetitive inhibitors of CYP2E1. DASO2, in addition, is a suicideinhibitor of CYP2E1. These compounds have been shown to reducecarbon tetrachloride-, N-nitrosodimethylamine- and acetaminophen-induced toxicityin rodents. All three chemicals are substrates for CYP2E1. The protectiveeffect was observed when the organosulfur compounds were givenbefore, during or soon after chemical treatment. DAS and DASO2inhibited the bioactivation of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone(NNK) and related lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice. Because CYP2E1does not play a key role in NNK activation, the inhibition ofother CYP enzymes active in NNK metabolism is likely. DAS alsohas been shown to induce other CYP and phase II enzymes as wellas decrease hepatic catalase activity. All of these effectsare observed at concentrations much higher than what is normallyingested by humans. The biological activities of garlic and itsrelated compounds at lower concentrations that mimic human consumptionremain to be studied further.
* * *
Antioxidant Health Effects of Aged Garlic Extract
Carmia Borek
Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, Nutrition and Infectious Diseases Unit, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111
Oxidative modification of DNA, proteins and lipids by reactiveoxygen species (ROS) plays a role in aging and disease, including cardiovascular,neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases and cancer. Extractsof fresh garlic that are aged over a prolonged period to produceaged garlic extract (AGE) contain antioxidant phytochemicals thatprevent oxidant damage. These include unique water-soluble organosulfurcompounds, lipid-soluble organosulfur components and flavonoids,notably allixin and selenium. Long-term extraction of garlic(up to 20 mo) ages the extract, creating antioxidant properties bymodifying unstable molecules with antioxidant activity, suchas allicin, and increasing stable and highly bioavailable water-solubleorganosulfur compounds, such as S-allylcysteine and S-allylmercaptocysteine.AGE exerts antioxidant action by scavenging ROS, enhancing thecellular antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalaseand glutathione peroxidase, and increasing glutathione in thecells. AGE inhibits lipid peroxidation, reducing ischemic/reperfusiondamage and inhibiting oxidative modification of LDL, thus protectingendothelial cells from the injury by the oxidized molecules,which contributes to atherosclerosis. AGE inhibits the activationof the oxidant-induced transcription factor, nuclear factor(NF)-B, which has clinical significance in human immunodeficiencyvirus gene expression and atherogenesis. AGE protects DNA againstfree radical–mediated damage and mutations, inhibits multistepcarcinogenesis and defends against ionizing radiation and UV-induceddamage, including protection against some forms of UV-inducedimmunosuppression. AGE may have a role in protecting againstloss of brain function in aging and possess other antiagingeffects, as suggested by its ability to increase cognitive functions,memory and longevity in a senescence-accelerated mouse model.AGE has been shown to protect against the cardiotoxic effectsof doxorubicin, an antineoplastic agent used in cancer therapyand against liver toxicity caused by carbon tetrachloride (anindustrial chemical) and acetaminophen, an analgesic. Substantialexperimental evidence shows the ability of AGE to protect againstoxidant-induced disease, acute damage from aging, radiationand chemical exposure, and long-term toxic damage. Althoughadditional observations are warranted in humans, compellingevidence supports the beneficial health effects attributed toAGE, i.e., reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke,cancer and aging, including the oxidant-mediated brain celldamage that is implicated in Alzheimer's disease.
* * *
For this next one, I'm posting the whole introduction since it covers so many of the research findings on the health benefits of garlic.
Garlic Reduces Dementia and Heart-Disease Risk
Carmia Borek
Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111ABSTRACT
Risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including high cholesterol,high homocysteine, hypertension and inflammation, increase therisk of dementia, including its most common form, Alzheimer'sdisease (AD). High cholesterol is also associated with elevatedß-amyloid (Abeta), the hallmark of AD. Oxidative damageis a major factor in cardiovascular disease and dementia, diseaseswhose risk increases with age. Garlic, extracted and aged toform antioxidant-rich aged garlic extract (AGE or Kyolic), mayhelp reduce the risk of these diseases. AGE scavenges oxidants,increases superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase,and glutathione levels, and inhibits lipid peroxidation andinflammatory prostaglandins. AGE reduces cholesterol synthesisby inhibiting 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and isadditive with statins in its action. Inhibition of cholesterol,LDL oxidation, and platelet aggregation by AGE, inhibits arterialplaque formation; AGE decreases homocysteine, lowers blood pressure,and increases microcirculation, which is important in diabetes,where microvascular changes increase heart disease and dementiarisks. AGE also may help prevent cognitive decline by protectingneurons from Abeta neurotoxicity and apoptosis, thereby preventingischemia- or reperfusion-related neuronal death and improvinglearning and memory retention. Although additional observationsare warranted in humans, compelling evidence supports the beneficialhealth effects attributed to AGE in helping prevent cardiovascularand cerebrovascular diseases and lowering the risk of dementiaand AD.
Recent evidence suggests that midlife risk factors for cardiovasculardisease, such as high cholesterol, hypertension, high homocysteine,and inflammation, are important risk factors for dementia inlater years (1–5), with high cholesterol and hypertensionshowing a consistent association with increased risk of Alzheimer'sdisease (AD)4 and vascular dementia, pathological conditionswhose frequency increases with age.
High cholesterol levels promote the formation of atheroscleroticplaques that are risk factors for both heart attacks and stroke,in the latter case the resulting ischemia may result in neuronaldeath and lead to dementia. High cholesterol is also associatedwith increased levels of free-radical–producing ß-amyloidpeptides (Abeta), the hallmark of AD. Hypertension may contributeto cognitive decline seen in AD by causing cerebral small-vesselpathology and increasing the number of neurofibrilar tanglesand amyloid plaques. Small-vessel disease resulting from hypertensionmay be associated with the observed atrophy of the hippocampusand amygdala in AD (6).
Elevated plasma homocysteine (hyperhomocysteinemia) is an independentrisk factor for cardiovascular disease, stroke, and dementia,including AD (7,8). Studies on people 65 y and older and onyoung people ages 4–18 show that plasma levels of homocysteineincrease progressively with age, posing a serious threat forthese diseases in aging individuals. Hyperhomocysteinemia iscaused largely by deficiencies in vitamins B-6, B-12, and folate.The adverse vascular and neurotoxic effects of homocysteineare associated with oxidant stress; homocysteine impairs DNArepair in the hippocampus, sensitizing neurons to amyloid toxicity(9).
Reactive oxygen species. Reactive oxygen species and oxidant stress are implicated incardiovascular disease, cancer, and various forms of dementiaincluding AD (10). Oxidative damage to DNA, proteins, lipids,and other molecules rank high as a major cause in the onsetand development of these diseases. Reactive oxygen species,including free radicals, are by-products of normal metabolismand increase during infection and inflammation, hyperhomocysteinemia,and exposure to exogenous sources, including nitrous oxide metabolitepollutants, smoking, certain drugs (e.g., acetaminophen), andradiation.
Oxidative modification of LDL cholesterol increases the riskof atherosclerosis, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular disease.Free radical–producing Abeta triggers neuronal apoptosis,increasing the risk of brain atrophy and dementia, includingAD, its most common form (11).
Garlic antioxidants. Garlic ranks highly among foods that help prevent disease, largelydue to its high content of organosulfur compounds and antioxidantactivity. Fresh garlic, however, may cause indigestion, andits pungent odor that lingers on the breath and skin can bea social deterrent. These disagreeable effects of fresh garlicare due to allicin, an oxidant released upon cutting or chewingthe clove.
Aged garlic extract. An alternative source of garlic that is odorless and rich inantioxidants is aged garlic extract (AGE) (12,13). The well-standardizedand highly bioavailable supplement is produced by prolongedextraction and aging of organic fresh garlic at room temperature.The process converts unstable compounds, such as allicin, tostable substances and produces high levels of water-solubleorganosulfur compounds that are powerful antioxidants. Theseinclude S-allylcysteine (SAC), AGE's major component, and S-allylmercaptocysteine,unique to AGE. Among other compounds present are low amountsof oil-soluble organosulfur compounds, flavonoids, a phenol,allixin, selenium, and saponins.
AGE and cardiovascular disease. AGE has been shown to modulate cardiovascular risk factors inboth clinical and preclinical settings (14–23). AGE hasbeen shown to reduce blood pressure, inhibit platelet aggregationand adhesion, lower LDL and elevate HDL cholesterol, reducesmoking-related oxidative damage, inhibit the production ofprostaglandins involved in inflammation, and lower homocysteine.SAC has been found to lower cholesterol by deactivating 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoAby as much as 41% (15). AGE efficacy in reducing cholesterolsynthesis is additive with statins, which inhibit 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoAreductase at a transcriptional level. Other possible contributorsto protection against cardiovascular disease and dementia arethe effects of AGE in increasing microcirculation (21) and protectingendothelial cells from oxidative damage, a factor most importantin diabetes where the microvasculature is damaged, and the riskof dementia is high. AGE can also temporarily increase, by 30–40%(23), the synthesis of constitutive nitric oxide, a protectivefactor against myocardial ischemic or reperfusion injury, riskfactors in cardiovascular disease and dementia following stroke(24). AGE has been found to inhibit the progression of coronary-arterycalcification (25), thus reducing the risk of a myocardial infarct.
AGE and the heart-dementia risk link: neuroprotective effects. The broad range of cardiovascular protection afforded by AGEmay be extended to a protective effect on the brain, helpingreduce the risk of dementia, including vascular dementia andAD. AGE has potential to protect the brain against neurodegenerativeconditions. Mechanisms include lowering cholesterol, inhibitinginflammation, reducing homocysteine, preventing oxidative braininjury following ischemia, protecting neuronal cells againstapoptosis (a programmed cell suicide triggered by oxidativestress) by inhibiting caspase 3, and preventing Abeta-inducedneurotoxicity.
Homocysteine. People with cardiovascular risk factors and a history of strokeshave an increased risk of both vascular dementia (arterioscleroticdementia), which can occur after a stroke, and AD, the mostcommon form of progressive dementia, accounting for over 70%of all cases.
Elevated homocysteine damages endothelial cells that line bloodvessels and induces thrombosis that can lead to heart attacksand stroke. Homocysteine produces breaks in DNA and inducesapoptosis, a major cause of neuronal death in dementia (7–9).The link between high levels of homocysteine and dementia, includingAD, has been observed in epidemiological studies and confirmedin case-control studies, where people with vascular dementiaand AD had higher levels of homocysteine than healthy people.A recent study (7) provided compelling evidence of a directlink between increased plasma homocysteine and loss of cognition,showing that in adults with intact cognition, an elevation inplasma homocysteine, over time, is associated with an increasedincidence of dementia, including AD.
Consumption of AGE has been shown to reduce homocysteine levels.In a preclinical study, levels of homocysteine in a 4-wk folate-deficientdiet containing AGE were compared with a folate-fortified dietcontaining AGE. Plasma homocysteine was 30% lower in the folate-deficientanimals that received AGE, but not in those with adequate folate.The results suggest that AGE may serve as an added treatmentin hyperhomocyteinemia (26). A clinical study, showing thatAGE inhibits the progression of coronary artery calcification,also showed a trend in lowering homocysteine levels (25).
Protection against ischemic or reperfusion adverse effects. Single ischemic or thromboembolic infarcts that occur in strategicareas of the brain hemispheres may cause a dementia-like syndrome;multiple temporally staggered small cerebral infarcts can giverise to progressive cognitive deficits and dementia. Areas ofthe brain supplied by small penetrating arterioles are especiallyprone to degenerative changes in patients with hypertensionand diabetes. Ischemia followed by reperfusion results in anincreased production of free radicals and oxidant stress thatmay lead to neuronal death by apoptosis and contribute to thedevelopment of dementia following stroke.
AGE has been shown to lower blood pressure and protect braincells from the deleterious effects of ischemia, increasing theirsurvival. The high antioxidant level in AGE helps prevent theoxidant damage that occurs during ischemia or reperfusion. Theprotective effects of AGE were observed in a preclinical studyof ischemia, and the findings showed that treatment with SACattenuated damaging reactive oxygen species and prevented braininjury, reducing infarct volume. None of the lipid-soluble compoundstested had a protective effect (27). SAC prevented neuronaldeath following ischemia and increased cell survival in thehippocampus, the memory region of the brain, by 30%, comparedwith controls (28).
Preventing neuronal apoptosis. The brain of an individual with AD exhibits extracellular plaquesof aggregated Abeta, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles thatcontain hyperphosphorylated tau protein and a loss of forebraincholinergic neurons that enervate the hippocampus and the neocortex.The accumulation of Abeta may trigger or contribute to neurodegeneration.Neuronal apoptosis, one of the characteristics of Alzheimer'sdisease, is associated with Abeta. Reactive oxygen species producedby Abeta are thought to play a role in the apoptotic mechanismof Abeta-mediated neurotoxicity.
Several routes lead to apoptotic cell death; a major route isthrough a mitochondrial- dependent pathway that results in therelease of cytochrome C, followed by the activation of caspases,with caspase-3 leading cells to their death (29). AGE and SAChave been shown in a number of in vitro studies to protect neuronalcells against Abeta toxicity and apoptosis (30–34). Inone of the studies, PC12 cells exposed to Abeta showed a significantincrease in reactive oxygen species. Treatment with AGE andSAC suppressed the generation of reactive oxygen species andalso attenuated caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation,associated with apoptosis, and protected the cells against Abeta-inducedapoptosis. In another study AGE was found to inhibit caspase-3in a dose-dependent manner (33).
Caspase-3 catalyzes the formation of Abeta peptide (34) andis activated by Abeta (35). Their neurotoxic effects, however,appear to be independent; that is, in the presence of specificcaspase inhibitors, Abeta-induced neuronal death still occurredwith different morphological features (35). The findings thatAGE can inhibit Abeta toxicity, attenuate caspase-3 activation,and inhibit apoptosis enhances the potential of AGE as a neuroprotectoragainst AD.
Other anti-aging neuroprotective effects. Preclinical studies in models that are genetically prone toearly aging show that AGE has additional anti-aging effects(36,37). Treatment with AGE or SAC prevented the degenerationof the brain's frontal lobe, improved learning and memory retention,and extended life span. Isolated neurons from the hippocampusarea, grown in the presence of AGE or SAC, showed an unusualability to grow and branch, which may be linked to the findingsthat AGE increases learning and cognition (37).
* * * *
Intake of Garlic and Its Bioactive Components
Harunobu Amagase, Brenda L. Petesch, Hiromichi Matsuura, Shigeo Kasuga and Yoichi Itakura
Department of Research and Development, Wakunaga of America Company, Mission Viejo, CA 92691 and; Institute for OTC Research, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Company, Hiroshima 739-11, Japan
The health benefits of garlic likely arise from a wide varietyof components, possibly working synergistically. The complexchemistry of garlic makes it plausible that variations in processingcan yield quite different preparations. Highly unstable thiosulfinates,such as allicin, disappear during processing and are quicklytransformed into a variety of organosulfur components. The efficacyand safety of these preparations in preparing dietary supplementsbased on garlic are also contingent on the processing methodsemployed. Although there are many garlic supplements commerciallyavailable, they fall into one of four categories, i.e., dehydratedgarlic powder, garlic oil, garlic oil macerate and aged garlicextract (AGE). Garlic and garlic supplements are consumed inmany cultures for their hypolipidemic, antiplatelet and procirculatoryeffects. In addition to these proclaimed beneficial effects,some garlic preparations also appear to possess hepatoprotective,immune-enhancing, anticancer and chemopreventive activities.Some preparations appear to be antioxidative, whereas othersmay stimulate oxidation. These additional biological effects attributedto AGE may be due to compounds, such as S-allylcysteine, S-allylmercaptocysteine, N-fructosylarginine and others, formed during the extraction process. Althoughnot all of the active ingredients are known, ample researchsuggests that several bioavailable components likely contributeto the observed beneficial effects of garlic.
I did come across one article – Garlic as an antioxidant: the good, the bad and the ugly – that suggests whole garlic in high doses may have some toxicity for the liver, kidneys, and heart. Unfortunately, the article is not open-source [always lame when information is kept behind a pay-wall].
However, in following that rat trail, I did come across this article:
Clarifying the Real Bioactive Constituents of Garlic
Department of Research and Development, Wakunaga of America Co., Mission Viejo, CA 92691
Compounds in garlic work synergistically to produce variouseffects, but, because of garlic's chemical complexity, processingmethods yield preparations with differing efficacy and safety.Although thiosulfinates such as allicin have been long misunderstoodto be active compounds due to their characteristic odor, itis not necessary for garlic preparations to contain such odorouscompounds to be effective, and they decompose and disappearduring any processing. Garlic exhibits hypolipidemic, antiplatelet,and procirculatory effects. It prevents cold and flu symptomsthrough immune enhancement and demonstrates anticancer and chemopreventiveactivities. In addition, aged garlic extract possesses hepatoprotective,neuroprotective, antioxidative activities, whereas other preparationsmay stimulate oxidation. Additional effects may be caused byS-allylcysteine, S-allyl mercaptocysteine), saponins, N-fructosylarginine, and other substances formed during a long-term extractionprocess. Although not all of active ingredients of garlic areknown, and allicin-like transient components are not directlyactive, ample research suggests that an allicin-free garlicpreparation that is standardized with a bioavailable componentsuch as S-allylcysteine, is active and various effects of garlicmay be attributed to it. Furthermore, various chemical constituentsin garlic products, including nonsulfur compounds such as saponins,may contribute to the essential biological activities of garlic.Further studies are needed to confirm their bioavailabilityand associated activities.
So, my advice? Get some whole garlic, press it, add it to some ground basil, and a little bit of extra virgin olive oil, with whatever other ingredients you like (maybe some Romano cheese), then slather some over the top of a grilled free-range chicken breast covered in melted Havarti cheese. Add some steamed asparagus, also covered with some pesto and grated cheese, and you have a really healthy dinner that is good for your heart, your immune system, and your brain.
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34 Responses to "Garlic Can Heal the Brain—and It Has Other Health Benefits"
Yay, hurray for our team. I couldn't live without garlic. This is why Yoga and other holistic approaches get mocked by so many: a few practitioners advocating half-baked theories based on nothing but hearsay and fiction. Thank you William!
ohhh, studies with REAL data! thank you thank you thank you for the rational post! i read the anti-garlic posts and thought "surely this can't be the case…i've read several studies that say otherwise…right?" so yes, thank you for doing the research and posting (with lots references) for the rest of us. i am going to go get some thai food tomorrow and ask them to load up on the garlic! 😀
Thank you. I'm tired of crack pot theories dressed up as ancient science.
Whenever any new theories were propounded or mentioned they always were faced with opposition and ridicule. History has many testaments to this. I know of so many crackpot theories of the past which are sworned truths today.Like the flat vs the round world theory,earth being the centre of the universe ( I think they jailed the man who dared propound this theory).Maybe soon through proper research we may be able to verify this garlic theory soon as well.
Ramesh – Though I agree with others about the lack of support for your original post, I enjoyed reading the largely non-reactive reply you posted here. Seeing adults discussing issues in a mature way is refreshing.
William – That you for sharing your research here. We could certainly benefit from more voices of reason. As many have noted, as a group, Yogis tend to lean the other direction. That isn't of course a criticism in itself. Yoga's strength is in the fact that it is very close to individual experience. Where we have to be careful is that individual experience does not necessarily generalize to others experience the same way that science does. We simply need to be more Conscious of that fact.
Thanks, Yogione, for your nice feedback. Yes, it would be counterproductive to argue that garlic makes you angry and to respond to those who disagrees with anger. Not very yogic, indeed.
We are in agreement on the physical properties of garlic that they are beneficial to the body in so many ways. So the argument I made does not dispute what William has posted above. The missing link is that further scientific studies of the mental effects of garlic needs to be made. So, if anyone can find a scientific study saying that garlic is great for meditation, then William has a point, otherwise not, because I do not dispute the many physical benefits of garlic.
However, for those of you into yoga, I would urge you to be open to the possibility that this is not just a dogma, this is actually based on empirical experience. That is what yoga is, after all, a body-mind-spirit practice. Yoga is holistic, so one cannot dispute the inner experience of yoga with the science of chemistry. That simply does not hold water. That is not scientific. So the jury is out. You garlic lovers need to prove that garlic is good or neutral to meditation. And I need to find some more studies in addition to Dr. Beck's to back up the yogic claims that garlic is not conducive to meditation. Let's not mix apples and oranges here, folks! let's be scientific.
Actually, it is not the garlic lovers who need to prove anything. You are, via Beck, claiming a specific "fact" about the effects of garlic on brain, mind, and meditation – it is up to you to prove the effects you claim are valid and not simply someone's opinion.
The available evidence, as I have cited, shows that garlic has many neuroprotective compounds, and there is considerable evidence that the benefits of garlic may not be limited to, or even based on allicin, which as you have pointed out, has a very short half-life.
What we have been talking about here, in terms of the science, is the effect of garlic on the gross body, but there may be some negative effect on the subtle body – but that would mean (1) proving that there is a subtle body, (2) demonstrating that the substance Beck names is real and causes neuronal excitation, and then (3) proving that this substance interferes with meditation practices.
If someone has a theory, they can almost always find a way to conduct a test of it.
From my perspective, it's not that I want or need to defend garlic – if it's unhealthy, I'll stop eating it – but rather that I want to defend the scientific method from assaults by pseudo-science. It's bad enough that the Christian fundamentalists continue to reject actual science, we don't need the progressive spiritual community also discarding real science in favor of opinions or tradition.
Experience is not belief. Experience is experience. If you experience that coffee keeps you awake, it is because it's caffeine does, not because you believe it. The same goes for garlic. It 's effects on the mind is based on experience, not belief. If you don't experience the negative effects of garlic in meditation, keep using it. Or make an experiment: stop using it for a while and see if there is a difference. If you do, why not stop. It's really that simple.
I agree that for the most part, experience is experience, and I have nothing against self-experimentation. I'm just saying that some items, which may not have a strong effect in either direction, can have a placebo effect based on what the user is expecting to happen. This is Psychology 101. However, while I feel like I have decent grasp on psychological issues, I won't pretend that I understand the hard science enough in either direction, I just tend to feel pretty comfortable believing the results of many, many peer-reviewed studies. If your entire point of the article is simply that garlic can be considered a slight stimulant or depressant in some ways and therefore might want to be avoided prior to meditation, just like one would avoid chocolate or green tea right before meditating, then I can jump on board with that statement. But to claim that it is a "brain toxin" and poisonous just because one dude said it in a lecture…
William, I am not a chemist, but after some research, it appears that the substance Dr. Beck refers to is sulfone, not sulphone (misspelled in the article)and this apparently contains hydroxyl. (See below) At any rate, I am not saying that garlic does not have many benefits, but before you can show me a scientific study that claims it is great for meditation, your point is a moot one, because my articles have only focused on that aspect.
Perhaps Dr. Beck is the only one who has studied garlic's effect on the mind, but before you can show me a study disproving that garlic has adverse effects on meditation, you don't really have an argument, because we basically agree on everything else. It truly amuses me that you garlic lovers are so worked up about this.
Scientific studies are generally made when there is profit involved. There are few vested interests benefiting from studying the effect of garlic on meditation, so that's mainly why there are none to be found. However, there are many vested interests who benefits from garlic's medicinal value, because garlic is a commercial food crop, thus there is funding available for such studies. Hopefully one day some scientists will be able to study this further.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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A sulfone. It consist of a sulfonyl group bonded with two hydrocarbon substituents.
A sulfonyl group is an organic radical or functional group obtained from a sulfonic acid by the removal of the hydroxyl group. Sulfonyl groups can be written as having the general formula R-S(=O)2-R', where there are two double bonds between the sulfur and oxygen. The names of sulfonyl groups typically end in -syl, such as in tosyl chloride which is p-toluenesulfonyl chloride, CH3C6H4SO2Cl or mesyl chloride which is methylsulfonyl chloride, CH3SO2Cl. Sulfonyl groups can be reduced to the hydrocarbon with lithium aluminium hydride (LiAlH4).
"So, my advice? Get some whole garlic, press it, add it to some ground basil, and a little bit of extra virgin olive oil, with whatever other ingredients you like (maybe some Romano cheese), then slather some over the top of a grilled free-range chicken breast covered in melted Havarti cheese. Add some steamed asparagus, also covered with some pesto and grated cheese, and you have a really healthy dinner that is good for your heart, your immune system, and your brain."
— Not to mention good for your tastebuds! After reading that description, I'm hungry, now!
Thanks for weighing in on the pros of garlic. In World War II, when the Russians lacked access to penicillin in the war front, they used copious doses of garlic with great success. It came to be known as "the Russian penicillin."
Interesting arguments. However, I think overstated in some respects. It isn't that science ignores evidence from less methodologically rigorous sources, it is just that science generally rates evidence based on generalizability. This is true for many reasons, among them, science seeks universal principles and the fact that it is possible, and frequently observed fact that the majority of people hold to delusional beliefs based on the the type of "broader" science you describe. In this case, people are simply being lazy or ill-informed, jumping ahead to believing a thing before completing the scientific process. The place for such information is in the descriptive, hypothesis generation stage of science.
You would also be clearly incorrect in suggesting that it is the responsibility of critics to provide disconfirming evidence when questioning whether an idea has adequate support to generalize it. It is always the responsibility of the person making the positive assertion of a fact to provide adequate support for the idea. This is because of the logical falacy involved in attempting to "prove" a negative.
Yogione, always a pleasure to read your viewpoints. I do disagree, however, because Western science is in itself very biased. And we see this in reaction to my articles. Those who vehemently claim rationality and science have hardly acknowledged that I never disputed the scientific evidence regarding the many physical benefits of garlic. Instead they attack what they claim is quackery coming from the East. I state it again: If you claim that something is quackery, where is your proof? Otherwise, this is nothing but a witch hunt against those suggesting a different scientific paradigm. If you want to disprove the mental effects of garlic, you need to be scientific. You need to collect the data, just like the yogis have done. You cannot simply serve me a platter of scientific evidence based on how garlic benefits the body when I never disputed that in the first place.
You may be doubtful, you may plead ignorance, but do not claim I am unscientific.
The yogis claimed for hundreds of years that the asanas effected the glands in the body long before western science caught up to the fact that the endocrine system benefits from these ageold exercises.
Would it be wise to cry foul before this was investigated and confirmed? I think not. Please apply the same logic when it comes to garlic, and you will most likely conclude that we are all largely in agreement. Because I have also taken garlic as medicine, but it did effect my meditation, so I stopped and found other forms of herbs doing the same trick.
Thanks for you response. Sounds like you feel a little bit ganged up on. As one of the science guys around here, that shoe is often on the other foot. It doesn't feel good either way. I hereby acknowledge for all scientifically minded folks (they can tell me to buzz off if they disagree) that you never disputed the scientific evidence regarding the many physical benefits of garlic. Your post was about garlic disturbing/inhibiting meditation.
I think that William and others who questionned this assertion are definitely practicing both good science and good yoga when they question the validity of this claim, and the basis for its support. If you think that it generalizes to others, you need evidence at that level of science, no matter what your paradigm. I also believe that studies showing health benefits for the body are at least partially pertinant to that question. The brain is part of the body and generally benefits from the same things that are healthy for the rest of the body. Thus, a hyothesis that argued the opposite would require a greater level and extent of support than one in line with current knowledge.
Today i will eat garlic. Then I will go and meditate. I'll let you know what happens…
The cases of hydrocephalus that don't result in death early in life dohave much to teach us. They are interesting for a variety of reasons. First is that the effects of hydrocephalus in these cases are much more profound in the cortex than in other, evolutionarily old parts of the brain. This is what allowed them to survive childhood where most of their cohort does not. Remember also that the brain is only about 75% developed at birth and it continues to develop rapidly for the first five years of life, then decreasingly so throughout the rest of the first 20 or so years of life, with minor structural changes after that until the deterioration we see in old age. The cortex, being the newest part of the brain is most plastic (changable) throughout life. The big question that hydrocephalic anamolies raise for scientists is how much brain tissue we actually need to function, not whether the brain is necessary. Lorber acknowledged this himself before he died. There is a huge amount of redundency in the brain and the evolutionalry advenatage to this is obvious.
Now for the rest of your post. I take exception to your statement that " …according to yoga, mind and brain are not the same. Brain is the physical extension of the mind…" First of all, yoga itself thinks nothing. Yogis appear to do so at times, but they certainly are not of like mind about this issue. Similarly, Catholics also for the most part no longer believe the Earth is flat. If I made the statement that "Some Yogis believe that the brain is a manifestation of mind," that would be accurate, but implying that it is currently an accepted dogma within Yoga is purely false – a violation of Satya.
Oh, one other thing about those case studies of hydocephalus – many of them came to the attention of physicians when the subject died prematurely with no obvious cause. Upon autopsy, they found that the subject died due to the hydrocephalus. So, from that perspective, I'd also have to say that the brain probably is necessary. :-).
I referred to yoga philosophy which certainly has an opinion about all kinds of subject. Accusing me of violating satya is really way off the charts. Just look up the koshas in yoga or Vedantic philosophy and you will learn that the body (annamaya kosa) is the outer shell of the mind which again is enveloped by spirit. The Vedantic kosha system is universlly accepted with the yoga community. Not something I made up. It basically states that body, the energtic body (pranamaya kosha) and the higher koshas constitute the mind. So, according to yoga consciosness (Atman) enveloped the mind, which envelopes the energetic body which again envelopes the body, of which the brain is a part. So all these kosahs are interrelated and the brain would not function without these higher and deeper functions of the mind and soul, nor would the mind and soul be able to express without the brain. The kosas are like a banana flower, one layer enveloping the next, thebody and the brain being the crudest and consciousness the most subtle, but in the utlimate sense it is all consciousness, all soul, even matter, just different functions and manifestations. So yoga deals with both objective and material as well as the subjective and spiritual reality in a beautiful and ultimately nondual way. The five kosshas:annamya (body), pranamaya (energetic body) Manomaya kosha (mind body) Vijanamaya kosha (wisdom level), Anandamaya (bliss level)
In Tantra the kosha model is a bit different, with a slightly different emphasis,, but it is basically the same–from crude to subtle, from physical to mental to spiritual.
But the fact is my friend, there is widespread agreement in yoga philosophy, ayurveda about all this.
I regard myself as a scientist, I have worked as a materials scientist and designed and conducted many experiments some of which have been published. I know scientific method.
Some years ago, when I became interested in meditation, my teacher recommended I stop eating garlic and onion. How preposterous!. I naturally researched as much as I could and found that there were so many scientifically proven health benefits of garlic and nothing scientifically credible on the ill effects.
But I am an open minded scientist, so I designed an experiment. I would stop eating garlic and onion for 6 weeks, and then eat a big dose and measure the effective difference. I will add, that I am vegetarian, and I was recommended to do the experiment as vegetarian as meat can have a similar effect to garlic on the mind and cloud the result. (Okay, I am still open minded, and I did not see that this would cloud the results).
So, how was I going to measure the effects?? The reputed effects are mental. How can I measure the mind? Sure we can measure this permeability and that electroencephalogram, but what do they really mean in the world of the mind? What I quickly concluded was that I needed to move into the murky world of subjectivity, and out of the flourescent light of scientific method. I was going to have to record a feeling! Well – that put this whole thing out of the scrutiny of peers and into a world I was not accustomed to.
Well, if that was the way forward, then so be it. I only needed to prove this to myself, not to anyone else. So, I decided to use as my yardstick, the act of meditation itself. How long could I keep my mind in a particular track without being disturbed by other thoughts ( I now think that perhaps this could be measured with eeg brainwave patterns..).
So I did this experiment. 6 weeks no alums. One meal with Garlic. Wait for the meal to digest and then do the same meditation I had been practising before under the same conditions. I would go on to repeat this experiment several times to give a statistically believable result. The outcome?
Well, as a scientist, there is no way I would publish my findings because they just aren't credible in the scientific community. However, one thing that Ramesh wrote struck a chord with me – "Experience is experience". I could not deny my experience, nor the experience of those around me that conducted similar self-experiments.
I would love to see a proper scientific study done in the above way, perhaps using brainwave pattern as the measurement, and double blind testing with de-odorised garlic. Does that mean I am going to remain a garlic eating sceptic until I see that study?
My experience told me no a long time ago. The yogis may not be seen as adherents of classical scientific method, but, then their entire worldview is subjective. They were able to trust their feelings, why is it that scientific method alienates us from ours? Isn't it that many great scientific breakthroughs came because a scientist had the guts to follow his or her feelings?
J. Hull-Jurkovic,
thank you so much for sharing your personal experiences albeit in a non-scientific way! I share your wish for double-blind testing.
very good suggestion. This will at least satisfy the hard scientists among us. I am in regular email discussions on a list with over 300 long term yogi meditators worldwide, none of whom eat garlic regularly. There has been discussion about trying to set up such a study. We have some scientists in the forum as well. I will let you know if anythings comes out of it.
P.R. Sarkar, my spiritual mentor does agree that while garlic may have many medical and physical benefits, he cautions us against using it as food. He .states in the upcoming book Natural Medicine. The passage in Shabda Cayanika' 21 concludes with:
"A garlic-eater has little urinary continence. . . . "A person accustomed to eating garlic in excess is certain to have skin ailments. Lymph degenerates under the influence of garlic. The influence of garlic on the mind is very harmful."
Garlic (Rasun)
All the parts of the garlic are static. The Saḿskrta name for garlic is "rasona". It has five out of the six tastes (rasas). The six tastes are: tikta – neem (bitter); katu – chilli (hot and spicy); kaśava – plantain (alkaline); lavańa (salty); amala (acidic); and madhu (sweet). Garlic has all of the tastes except acidic.
Garlic is indigestible, so it comes out in the perspiration. Thus, it helps in the expulsion of hidden diseases. Yet, it has negative effects also, so it is not to be eaten by persons following a sentient diet. Those who eat garlic emit a very foul odour. Garlic can be used as a medicine, but it is not necessary to eat it as a food.
In very cold climates static food becomes mutative, and mutative food becomes sentient. In such climates householders (grhis) may take garlic.
There is a children's rhyme about garlic. A bird sang a song and everyone heard different things. The bird sang, "Na na na na nanan na". The scholar heard, "Rama, Siita, Dasharath". The mullah heard, "Allah, Mohammad, Hazarat". The wrestler heard, "Dan, Baithaka, Kasarat". The cook heard, "Rasun, Piaz, Adarak".
Garlic is propagated by planting bulbs (kovas). Each bulb should be planted so that three quarters is below the ground and one quarter is above the ground. The quarter above the soil must not be buried under any circumstances, and it must also remain above water during irrigation. The water requirement for garlic is less than that of small onion (chota piaz), but more than that of big onion (bara piaz).
Garlic can be cultivated on the border line of wheat and early boro paddy fields. When growing garlic with rice, sow the garlic in two rows so that it forms equilateral triangles. One line of safflower seeds (kusum biija) should be sown between the rows of garlic so that each seed is in the middle of one triangle.
Research should be done on garlic to pinpoint its medicinal properties, and to ascertain whether there is any possibility of producing garlic oil from the leaves.
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Chemical scientists design processes to ensure the very most economical work. This means that the entire producing chain should be planned and regulated for costs. A chemical engineer can either simplify and complicate showcase reactions for an economic advantage. Utilizing a higher pressure or temperature makes several reactions easier; ammonia, for example, is simply produced from the component elements in a high-pressure reactor. Otherwise, reactions with a low yield can be recycled endlessly, which would be complex, arduous work if done by hand in the laboratory. It is not unusual to build six step or even twelve-step evaporators to reuse the vaporization energy for an economic benefit. In contrast, laboratory chemists evaporate things in just one step. Hobart N50 Mixer
[…] Garlic is stored in a paper bag in the pantry, dried beans (Black Valentine and Yellow Indian Woman from Isabelle Farm and Hopi and Anasazi from Abbondonza are sorted and placed in mason jars, fruit is dehydrated, herbs are dried (marjoram, thyme, orange sage, basil and stinging nettle), squash (delicata, butternut and spaghetti) and hopi pumpkins are placed in the panty alongside locally canned beets, peaches, peppers and tomatoes. […]
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In many eastern spiritual traditions with a focus on a concentrated meditation lifestyle, onions and garlic are eliminated from the diet, not because they are not healthy, but they create heat and stimulation to the body which is opposite from what you want to produce for optimum meditation. Zen monks while training abstain but after are allowed to have them in their daily diet. New mothers know not to eat onions as the nursing baby cannot digest the components and gets colic. Garlic, along with dairy, wheat, peanuts, and soy, is one of the top food allergens. But the people who eat it and have it as their cultural programming from birth, thrive.
This diet from PR Sarkar and Ramesh is also against wild field mushrooms (not domesticated mushrooms as they had not been invented in the 1950s), and many spiritual paths rely on the mushrooms, now found to contain high concentrations of Vit D. I read from PR Sarkar that if onions are what there is to eat, let the people eat the onions. (In rural Hungary, breakfast was raw slices of onion on thick bread.) After all, Sarkar came from a country with often limited food sources and constant starvation due to abject poverty, very different than what we have here in the West with unlimted access to dozens of foods and money to buy them. We also get to have a choice what to eat. The monks who come from India to the USA for the first time are bowled over by the diet and said to be addicted to American juice it is so delicious (and love pizza parlors). There are many spiritual and mystical traditions in the West, and most certainly in the Mediterranean area, the diet relies on onions and garlic. Just try to get anyone to stop eating them! The Mediterranean diet happens to be, in recent studies, one of the most healthy of diets. In Indian history, the first recorded diet was a vegetarian menu and did not contain onions, garlic, eggs, or mushrooms. So this diet is many thousands of years old in regular Indian society and not just for spiritual aspirants. What Ramesh doesnt know is there are many followers of Sarkar, with whom I am acquainted, who yearly take garlic detoxes with great success and with deep secrecy as to not follow the diet in Ananda Marga, you will be ostracized and criticized as not a spiritual person. Being dogmatic about diet immediately sets up the them vs us, we are superior than others headspace. The sentient diet is one of the first social norms to adapt to after learning meditation as the entry point into the closed insular AM society.
The other point is that all this about the sentient diet and its elements needs to be revised. Foods that were clean and healthy in the 1950s India when rice was locally grown, every family had their own cow and garden, are now compromised with pesticides, GMOs, antibiotics in milk, arsenic from the soil transferred thru the water into vegetables, and jet fuel and anti depressants in the fresh water sources around the world. Since garlic and onions have antibiotic, anti viral and anti parasitic qualities, they may be needed by modern man to balance the imbalance.
I have found each person has their own diet. The healthiest people cook for themselves. One person can survive nicely on a vegan or vegetarian diet, yet anther cannot survive without concentrated animal protein instead of plant protein. The majority of Ananda Marga followers tend to be violent, aggressive, devious, and angry towards each other, said to be part of the tantra's influence, so I am not sure where or if the diet helps that.
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Nothing healthy in that meal. I can tell by that recipe that you are not well researched on nutrition. All that cheese is not good for your heart, and contrary to popular belief neither is olive oil, it is bad for the heart as it restricts bloodflow (by nearly a third) and damages endothelial cells.
50 Raw Garlic Clove Challenge |Warning: Extreme Vomit|
The toxins (and medicine) are Allicin and sulphone hydroxyl – this is the plants protection method, since the bulb's function is propagation.
Onions release another organosulfur compound called syn-Propanethial S-oxide, causing the eyes to produce water to wash away the irritant.


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Introduction to Counseling and Guidance, Seventh Edition | 9780131738218
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The seventh edition of Gibson & Mitchell's Introduction to Counseling and Guidance retains its logical progression of topics, while introducing the latest technologies, concepts, and applications in the counselor's repertoire. As they have in previous editions, the authors present practical examples and discussions of all of the major facets of counseling in a wide variety of counselors' work settings. They include a thorough treatment of techniques of assessment, including an overview of standardized testing and discussion of subjective approaches to appraisal–observation, self-reporting, and others. And they give the vital topics of program development/management and legal/ethical issues their due, by giving them their own chapters.
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By PAUL KENGORCenter for Vision and Values
As summer nears a close, I must express frustration over a problem that worsens for us each summer as our family grows, and which I imagine also frustrates other families our size.
We have four children, ages 2 to 10, which, in modern times, is considered "large." As we have happily raised those kids, my wife and I gradually realized that we were slowly squeezing ourselves out of opportunities to take them on trips, a reality that began to hit us with the arrival of our third child. Squeezed by what?�by occupancy limits on the number of children in a hotel room. Of course, it is reasonable to expect occupancy limits, but the limits seem unreasonable; they generally cap at two to three children, no matter how small.
It is not clear if these requirements are imposed by state governments or by hotels themselves. I always ask that question, and the clerks are rarely able to give an answer; they typically mumble something about the hotel ensuring my family's "comfort."
Well, the comfort is not financial, since these requirements leave us with one option: reserve two rooms. Unfortunately, that option is unaffordable. It is also unnecessary, since we simply don't need two rooms. My two little girls, ages two and four, sleep in the same bed with their mom and usually one of the boys ends up there as well at some point during the night. My eight-year-old son always finds great excitement in pushing two chairs together and making his own special "fort" for the night. The other son wants to sleep on a sofa or whatever else is unusual but available. My kids are so young and so small that we have no problem sleeping three or four in a bed. The typical room with two large beds is easily satisfactory. I explain this to hotel clerks, who refuse to budge.
Recently, my wife and I shared our frustration with someone else who has a large family. Her advice: "You have to lie. When they ask how many kids you have, say 'two.' You have no choice. If you don't lie, you cannot take your family on vacation."
That advice did not sit well. As my wife notes, we are trying to teach our children virtues, of which lying is not one.
Speaking of teaching, therein further illustrates the problem: Like many dads, I travel frequently for my work. I always try to bring my family along, especially because we homeschool, and the big cities are filled with museums and historic sites and educational opportunities. Yet, here again, we are hindered by occupancies.
In March, I readied to travel to Philadelphia to attend a conference in the historic part of town. For school, the boys were enjoying a section on the American Revolution. We excitedly discussed a field trip to Independence Hall. My conference meant I would be staying at the Sheraton Society Hill�around $250 per night, once all costs were considered. Everything was perfect, until the occupancy requirements killed the plan. Imagine my outrage when I got to my room�alone�and encountered a huge space, easily enough for the entire family, and way too big for one person. The boys could've literally pitched a tent in the room.
Then, in May, we planned a trip to Boston, another ideal educational stop. We called several hotels, each time torpedoed by the damning question: "how many people?" Here, too, the punishment would be an extra room�at the obscene Boston rate of nearly $400 per night. Desperate, I finally lied to the Colonnade; feeling guilty, I called back and canceled the reservation. We eventually found a hotel that didn't ask our family size. That was the solution: keep calling until you find a clerk that doesn't ask�"don't ask, don't tell."
In July, I had a speaking engagement near Hershey, Pennsylvania, "the sweetest place on earth"�Chocolate World, the amusement park, a paradise for kids. We love the Hershey Lodge. My two oldest have the fondest childhood memories of the place. When I called on May 23 to make a reservation for July 26, I was offered one option: two rooms, at a cost of $279 (plus tax) per room. Given parking, tips, and so on, it would cost over $600 for my family to sleep one night at the Hershey Lodge. Each room had two queen-size beds, easily accommodating us; two rooms were absolutely unnecessary. Sadly, the Hershey Lodge will not be experienced by my youngest kids.
I don't know who is responsible for this. At a deeper level, it seems symptomatic of a culture in which many people�not everyone, of course�insist that one or two children per family is enough, and if my wife and I won't draw the line, others will. I doubt that's the intent, but it's the effect. The more kids we have, the more we would like to give a full taste of American life. I guess we will need to do that at home.
Paul Kengor is a professor of political science, and executive director of the Center for Vision & Values at Grove City College.


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text: Stories: I accept street harassment submissions from anywhere in the world. Share your story! On this blog, a woman was harassed on her way to see "Avatar" in Peterborough and another woman is regularly harassed by a man in her town in Maryland. On HollaBack DC! a woman is harassed by a screamer and another […]Share on Facebook


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It is under five months until the Culvers Camp Randall Hockey Classic and though there is still a few months before winter arrives in Wisconsin, we decided to take a look at the weather history to see what Mother Nature may have in store for Badger fans this coming Feb. 6.
According to req_city=NA&req_state=NA&req_statename=NA"> --> Channel3000.com , Madison has experienced a broad spectrum of temperatures on Feb. 6. In 1977, Madison residents endured a chilling -19 degrees. On the flip side, nearly 100 years before the city suffered through that record cold temperature, spring came early when residents enjoyed an unnatural 54 degrees in 1882. Although Wisconsin experienced an unusually cool summer, fans should not expect to watch the Badger Hockey Classic in shorts. Rather, several layers of clothes will most likely be necessary as the average temperature on Feb. 6 is 20 degrees.
Minus the ruthless blizzard that took place in 2008, where 17 mph winds accompanied a record 11.9 inches of snow to abuse locals, wind and snow should not pose too much of a disturbance either. Over the past 10 years, wind speed has averaged a tolerable 6.5 mph. And in the past 20 years, it has only snowed on three occasions: 11.9 inches in 2008, 1.3 inches in 2007, and 1.7 inches in 2004. These facts give an indication that fans will probably escape snow flurries; however, wouldnt it make the game just that more exciting
While always erratic and unpredictable, by looking back at the weather history we can at least have an abstract idea of what to expect. February 6 has traditionally proven to be a calm day, but when speaking of Wisconsin winters, precedent must always be tossed to the wind. Regardless of the weather, the Culvers Camp Randall Hockey Classic is sure to be an exciting event as history will be made with the first outdoor collegiate hockey game at Camp Randall Stadium.
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Staff Contacts
The Training Section Staff welcomes your inquiries and comments regarding the California State Parks training and employee development program. To send an email to any staff member, just click on their name.
Ann D. Slaughter
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Cadet Training Officer


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HOLLYWOOD, Calif., Jan. 22, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- Medbox, Inc. (OTC Markets: MDBX) (www.medboxinc.com), commented on the recent California Supreme Court decision that denied a review of a landmark medical marijuana case, which has drawn widespread attention from prosecutors and policymakers across the state.
The case stems from a 2010 prosecution of the owner of a medical marijuana dispensary in San Diego. The conviction was overturned by the Fourth District Court of Appeal, and last week the California Supreme Court decided to not review the case – effectively ending any further attempts at prosecution.
Notably, the State Supreme Court took the additional action of refusing to depublish the lower courts findings, thereby affirming the legality of medical marijuana sales in California.
"This is a clear declaration that medical marijuana is here to stay in California," according to Dr. Bruce Bedrick , CEO of Medbox, Inc. "The court has ruled that safe access to medical marijuana is a patient's right, and we support that decision. To date, while we have many machine placements in the state of California, we have taken a conservative approach to expanding our market reach due to conflicting regulations and legal opinions in the state. This recent development will give us the confidence we need to move forward in helping clients setup new clinics without the fear of criminal prosecution."
In related news, the City of San Diego effectively declared an end to their war on medical marijuana with a letter from Mayor Bob Filner ordering civil prosecutors to stop the crackdown on dispensaries.
In the letter sent to the police chief, city attorney and the city's Neighborhood C
|SOURCE Medbox, Inc.
Copyright©2012 PR Newswire.
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Archive for the 'ferry' tag
Rover Time, Part XI: To Martha's Vineyard and back
You know Martha's Vineyard – it's that island off Massachusetts where the rich and famous go to make a big show of dodging the paparazzi for a couple of weeks each summer. So what's the likes of me doing there? I got an invitation from our pals at the Cape Cod British Car Club. The CCBCC makes an annual early-November trek to the Vineyard, cleverly choosing a weekend after the ferry rates have dropped and the resorts have slashed their room rates.
I decided to take the Rover, because our family wouldn't all fit in the Spitfire, and there's no point in showing up for a British car weekend in something built in Japan or Sweden. (That's the Rover aboard the ferry Martha's Vineyard in the photo above.)
This was the first long trip that my wife, daughter and I were taking in the Rover, so I tried to plan my way around possible disasters. We left late on a Friday, headed for a motel that was about an hour away from the ferry terminal in Woods Hole. That way, if something catastrophic happened, I'd have a chance to take care of it and still get us to the ferry on time on Saturday morning.
The Rover ran like a champ, and we tumbled out of bed Saturday looking forward to a nice couple of days on the island. We were about 30 minutes from the ferry when trouble finally showed up: The ignition light went on, indicating something was wrong with the charging system. We pressed on – at this point, why turn back? Read the rest of this entry »


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- Northern New York Newspapers
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Watertown city firefighters and National Grid employees on Saturday evening were working their way through a neighborhood on the north side of the city to reignite service at 85 houses affected by a gas leak caused by the flooding of a regulatory station off Lansing Street.
About 5:15 p.m., the regulatory station flooded, causing a gas leak and loss in pressure, according to National Grid spokesman Patrick D. Stella.
The station was pumped out and pressure was restored by 7 p.m., Mr. Stella said.
Meters at houses from Hoard Street to the north down to Francis Street to the south, Mill Street to the west and Cleveland Street to the east were turned off, according to Watertown City Fire Battalion Chief Timothy P. Tucker Wiley.
There was some type of a natural gas over-pressurization, Chief Wiley said. They had more pressure than they needed.
Residents reported natural gas smells and humming meters Saturday afternoon, Chief Wiley said.
Some residents were evacuated in the area where the problem was first reported, on Lansing Street from Stuart Street to the north to Francis Street to the south, though no injuries were reported, Battalion Chief Wiley said.
Residents were allowed to return to their homes after firefighters opened windows and checked the houses for traces of gas.
Chief Wiley said the department was ordered by National Grid to shut down the gas meters at homes in the larger section of the neighborhood.
Papa Tinos pizzeria shut down its ovens about 6 p.m. as a precaution, though the restaurant was still waiting for more information from National Grid at the time, according to employee Joseph R. Nunez.
National Grid workers and city firefighters planned to visit 115 houses, including the 85 houses where service was shut off, to make sure that there were no other problems, Mr. Stella said.
He said the workers would knock on doors until 11 p.m. and continue visiting houses where they found lights on until as many affected residents were notified as possible.
National Grid workers were expected to go back through the neighborhood this morning, Mr. Stella said.
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The perfect fusion of Art Deco elegance and modern Miami chic, Loews Miami Beach Hotel is located in the heart of South Beach on a pure white sand stretch of beach. Filled with energy and style, our AAA 4 Diamond hotel boasts 790 guestrooms, including 67 luxury suites and two spectacular presidential suites. These spacious guestrooms offer contemporary conveniences and sweeping views of the ocean or sparkling city skyline. Relax at the largest oceanfront pool in South Beach or step into Elemis Spa featuring 15 treatment rooms and a comprehensive menu of head-to-toe body treatments. We offer a variety of inventive dining options from fine dining at Preston's to a sweet treat at our retro ice cream shop. Other amenities include a fitness center, business center, direct beach access, multilingual concierge service, 24 hour room service, valet parking, Jacuzzi, boutique shopping, water sports, and 65,000 sq ft of function space. As with all Loews Hotels, we welcome families with our Loews Loves Kids program designed to entertain the smallest travelers. Check the kids into our SoBe Kid's Camp to keep them entertained while you relax. We also provide our furry guests with special amenities as part of our Loews Loves Pets program. No matter what brings you to Miami, Loews Miami Beach Hotel has been designed to make you supremely comfortable. Let our staff make you feel like you are home.Loews
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