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|6.0L Performance Parts Discussion What has or has not worked for you?
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Got another Looney Towing update. Made a flying trip to Gonzales, La to haul a student's cow there for the state show. I hooked up to a steel 3 horse slant with a changing room and bed over the neck and put the Holstein Cow in there and took off. I left the Looney tune on because I didn't have time to load the tow tune and allow the tranny to re-learn. I decided to try it and watch my temps. It was a 215 mile one-way trip. I set the cruise on 72 and just drove. My temps were great. Highest Oil Temp got was 211 briefly when I was pushing to get away from tight groups of traffic. It averaged 201 ECT and 209 EOT. I generally see a 6-8 degree delta when I'm on the road empty. Transmission temp was 150-165 (Those being the low and high temps) EGTs were great- in the 600-700's while cruising. RPMs were about 2050. I checked my fuel mileage and I averaged 14mpg. Probably if I had been doing 65, it would have been higher. At 2000 RPMs mine drops drastically. The truck did beautifully. I won't hesitate to pull light loads like this with the looney. My ICP was not over 1400 at any point in the journey. Shifts were great and the tow/haul transmission brake worked like a charm. Trailer GAWR was 12,000 lbs so I figure that with the one cow, the hay and all of the equipment, the load was probably around 7k(ish). The Looney still impresses the heck outta me every time I put this thing in gear!
Man, I don't know how you guys can tow that much weight and have that low of EGTs. When I'm loaded with my pop-up camper and Jeep on the car hauler, I'm about 17K and with Eric's tow tune I cruise at 70MPH and consistently run 900-1000*. If I get into some of the mild hills through the mountains I can easily do 1300*. Now, this was before my EGR delete and I have towed with it yet, but I'm still amazed. Hopefully I'll see a bit of a drop but I don't expect that it will be as low as you.
My truck runs pretty cool on Looney. Even running WOT to clean out the turbo, it doesn't get very hot. I think the hottest I've ever seen it get was a little over 1500 on a hard run. Now towing the other night, it got to 1100 a couple of times as I was getting onto the interstate. I wasn't pushing super hard, just going up a ramp and moving with traffic. I really, really like this tune... Have you tried the Looney? With Eric's Tow tune I run much cooler than that when pulling 17k. I moved 22k the other day and was cooler than yours... But I was only running 55. I can't remember the exact temps. Where is your probe located?
When you pop a head gasket don't complain and remember that you were towing with a race file. Tow files are designed for just that. Looney files are high performance race type files that will build serious heat, and cylinder pressures that can stretch head bolts and destroy gaskets.
I'll sure keep that in mind kind sir. My Looney file has been tuned a little more for fuel mileage, I have studs and new gaskets and basically everything else that could possibly be replaced at the time. I appreciate the concern, but not the tone. I know the risks. Generally I tow with the tow tune. But I honestly don't think that dead flat Louisiana Interstate land is all that stressing on the truck. Once the load is rolling (and I don't try to set 1/4mile records when accelerating) I set the cruise and life is good. I monitor my CTS like a hawk and had I noticed ANY issues, I would have loaded my tow file. I'm not proclaiming to the world that the Looney is the best tow tune ever- I am however trying to make it known what a great all around tune it is. But again, I appreciate your concern though. For the rest of y'all out there, as I've said, this is a great DD tune.
No condescending tone intended, my apologies if it came across that way. I'm sure you realize that I've seen quite a few people tow with a looney and things don't pan out well. The looney is a wild tune, I miss my 6.0 tuned with the looney. Made it fun to drive.
Hey, no problem. I'm tired and maybe I took it wrong. I completely understand what you're saying- some people try to tow wide open with race tunes and blow gaskets, cook turbos, etc. I'm a teacher, so when I was hauling that cow, I was hauling other people's kids, an FFA parent's trailer and a student's animal. Lol, believe me- I was driving easy. I've pulled several horse trailers now and lowboys taking it easy with the looney. My truck performs well with it. I really don't think I'll ever switch to another DD tune. You have a '12? Are they really as bad as I'm hearing? Everyone I've talked to loves them...
Not a 12, it's an 11. I love it, just don't love the payment. LOL! Good power, little lag, decent mileage for an 8000 lb. truck.
Yeah, I've run the Looney - and about 10 other tunes from Vivian - from the first Looney Wild to a basic tow tune. She was the one I bought my original Xcal2 and tunes from back in the spring of 2007. I haven't run them for several years now due to a vehicle break in which resulted in the loss of my Xcal2 with stock tune in it. Anyway, I have been running Eric's tunes off and on since 2007, and exclusively since 2010 and they've always been great. I'm going to try a couple of Vivian's new tow tunes now that I've got a hold of her again and see how they compare.
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Lorac Multiplex 3D Lipgloss Duo Review, Swatches, Photos
Lorac packages up two of their popular 3D Lipglosses in one spot for Spring 2011 plus cut the cost so you get two great glosses at a value price.
Loves it!
Let's check 'em out.
A set of two glam shades of Multiplex 3D Lip Gloss.
I haven't tried Lorac MUltiplex 3D Lipgloss. I've been meaning to pick up a few shades but for some reason never got around to it.
The gloss is a paraben-free formula that contains holographic pigments for multidimensional finish. You get two glosses for $28 versus one for $22 so it's like you're getting one gloss at full value and the other for $6 or you can just say you're paying $14 per gloss. Kinda a nice deal no matter which way you dice it.
The formula of the gloss is super duper glittery and almost iridescent like in finish. It runs a tad on the sticky side but applies easily and smoothly. Worn alone I get an opaque finish with an intense glittery finish and a tiny touch of color. Worn on lipstick I get a really dramatic pop up shimmer overload that makes my lips look super pouty and full. If your lips run a bit thinner this is a great one for topping on your lipstick for a fuller lip. Although loaded with shimmer the texture isn't grainy, gritty, or unpleasant to apply. It doesn't run extra thick but has just the right consistency to feel and wear comfortably. I get about four to five hours wear time sans drinking or eating.
The two shades they include with the set are 3D (rose bronze with 3D glitter) and 4D (bubble gum pink with 3D glitter). I liked 3D the best as it was the flattering of the two since I don't wear bubble gum shades of pink so well, a bit warmer on the pink and I'd have probably loved 4D but regardless it still works well with warmer berry shades of lipstick!
The amount of glitter and shimmer in the formula may not be for everyone. Do keep in mind this is hardcore shimmer prior to your purchase.
- Those who desire the illusion of a fuller lip look.
- Those wanting more for less (You're getting two for the price of one here almost!).
- Those who love shimmery, glittery lipglosses.
- Glitter, Shimmer, and Sparkle haters (if you can't stand such a finish, avoid these, as they really bring the glitter).
I really liked these alot and could easily see myself indulging in other shades. Too bad they don't have several shade options available as I'd love to buy them as a duo considering it's a saying of $16 bucks. If you love glitter these are a given! Truly they give lips a really lovely fuller look.
Quite satisfied and feel like they deserve a Muse Approval for price, formula, and quality.
Have you tried Lorac Multiplex 3D Lipgloss?
What dd you think?
Share it!
Available now at Sephora and www.loraccosmetics.com
This review contains a sample product sent for consideration by PR.
Read my full disclosure statement here.
2/11/11 12:21 Candee702:
Those look amazing! I've been wanting to try them. Good to know that they're Muse Approve.
2/11/11 12:55 Amanda:
They look so pretty in the tube, but felt too gritty on the lips for me.
2/11/11 14:37 Candee702:
@ Muse They are definitely on my list to get. I have a few things I'd like to get before those though.
Also, I caught myself saying "likey" to something the other day. LOL
2/11/11 14:58 Candee702:
@ Muse ~ Awww, that's so sweet! I love nail stuff. I could never be mad at you. I am so excited to get my surprises though! When did you mail? Was the post office horrible?
2/11/11 18:38 Megan:
pretty!! i want this for the 4D color but i already have 3D so idk if i need another. i wonder if 4D will become a permanent color?! if not, i'll probably just have to pick this up! -sigh-
2/11/11 19:53 Dana:
I have a mini version of the color 3D and I really want to buy one of the pinks. What I actually use the 3D color for most is to put the tiniest little bit on an old mascara wand and comb it through my eyebrows. If you use just the littlest bit it make them look shiny and healthy. Since I fill my eyebrows in with powder it can sometimes dull them, but putting the lip gloss on top make them look more natural and I love it. The bronze glitter really compliments my brown hair and eyes.
2/12/11 5:46 Donna:
I tried one – can't remember the shade. I looked so effin crazy. Glitter City!!
2/13/11 19:20 theRothstanator:
I'm dying to get the 3D eyeshadow palette! Have you seen it yet? I am trying to hold out for swatches before I buy it (my sephora doesn't have it in store), lol
2/21/11 0:02 theRothstanator:
Awesome! Can't wait!
2/14/11 11:26 Nessa:
I think Scrangie reviewed the pink one and loved it and now that I know you love it, it might be in my cart soon! It's on my shopping list on Sephora right now
Thanks for the review!

subset: commoncrawl


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Effects of drift sprays of endosulfan, applied for Tsetse fly control, on honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) in Somalia
R. J. Douthwaite , Mahmoud D. Aye And Abdisalam S. Ibrahim
Activity at the hive entrance, hive occupancy and worker survival were monitored in two spraying operations involving 10 spray cycles and application rates of 10-41 g active ingredient ha-1. Applications of 15-41 g ha-1 caused hyperactivity and some colonies probably deserted their hives. Sprays of 10-24 g ha-1 had no immediate effect on survival, but mortality increased after sprays of 28-41 g ha-1. Foraging by workers before sunrise, when spraying ended, and the greater toxicity of endosulfan at high temperatures, may have increased the hazard of endosulfan drift sprays to honeybees in Somalia.
Insecticides, Endosulfan, bee mortality, pest control, Somalia


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|X Trials | Katrina journals |Teen suicide | Teen pregnancy | School violence | Travel | Journals | Daily Sketch | Awards | Contact us
December 18, 2006
Gifts that keep on giving
By Beth Pond
Can changing the world be as easy as buying a t-shirt?
Sixteen-year-old Jennifer Randall of Bristol, Conn., hopes that it is.
For teenagers like Randall, going shopping at Gap and other stores is a way to help fight AIDS in Africa – and the holiday gifts they buy are doing a world of good.
Because of the (RED) Campaign, certain purchases can help African women and children impacted by HIV/AIDS – at no extra cost to the shopper.
"I think giving to charities is especially important around the holidays," said Randall, a junior at St. Paul Catholic High School. "People do a lot of shopping and the (RED) Campaign is a convenient way to help the less fortunate."
Earlier this year, U2 lead singer Bono helped launch the (RED) Campaign. Participating is simple and the response has been astounding.
The (RED) Campaign has funneled more than $10 million in donations to the treatment and prevention of AIDS in Rwanda, according to its website, www.joinred.com.
Several major brands have already committed to the program, including Gap, Apple, Converse, Giorgio Armani,
Motorola and American Express.
When shoppers buy (RED) products, the manufacturers give a pre-established percentage of the purchase to the campaign.
Simply put, by purchasing certain items at participating stores, shoppers can help a dying person half a world away receive the treatment he or she needs to survive.
The (RED) Campaign is catching on with teenagers.
"I think the campaign is very effective in getting its point across, and its purpose is popular and well communicated," said Chelsea Saccu, a freshman at Russell Sage College in Troy, New York.
Lynn D'Ambrosi, a 16-year-old from Terryville, Conn. and junior at St. Paul Catholic High School in Bristol, recently bought one of the new (RED) iPod nanos.
"I liked the color and then I realized it gave money to AIDS research," said D'Ambrosi.
According to www.joinred.com, "Apple contributes $10 from your purchase price to the Global Fund, to help fight HIV/AIDS in Africa."
Though it started in the United States just in time for the Christmas shopping season, the (RED) Campaign is active year-round.
Randall requested (RED) sweatshirts and t-shirts for Christmas this year.
"The Gap is one of my favorite stores," Randall said. "I heard a lot about the (RED) Campaign from TV and I wanted to become a part of it."
In the context of the (RED) Campaign, it doesn't matter whether you celebrate Christmas, Hanukah, Kwanzaa, or even Boxing Day. It's not about the vacation from school or the new inflatable snow globe on the front lawn.
It's about giving, and using your purchases to make a difference.
Help The Tattoo thrive! Your donation can help us continue to provide the world's premier teen journalism.
|© 2006 by The Tattoo. All rights reserved.


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The other night I was watching interviewer Piers Morgan, CNN's replacement for Larry King, who retired from TV in December 2010. Morgan was interviewing Arianna Huffington, the Greek-American political commentator-activist, whose Internet journal, the Huffington Post, or HuffPo, is comprised of daily comments from liberal bloggers and columnists. The subject was the American Dream and what's happened to it.
They both agreed that the great entrepreneurial spirit that drove the American economy to heights of ingenious productivity was somewhat lacking. They blamed it on all sorts of factors, but neither Morgan nor Huffington was willing to acknowledge that socialist societies generally kill entrepreneurial freedom and enterprise. Neither did they acknowledge that the American government had become too big and too intrusive in the lives of its citizens. Of course, Morgan had been born in 1965 in socialist England and came to socialist America just a few years ago. So he simply doesn't know what it was like to live in an America where true economic freedom once existed.
Nor was Ms. Huffington any more enlightening. She came from socialist Greece, which has now reached the end of its rope, married a rich Californian and has no idea how a free economy works.
Click here to read the entire article.
Sam Blumenfeld (photo)


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Lisa Bonnikson, Country Manager, Sub-Saharan Africa Region
Lisa Bonnikson is the Country Manager for West Africa at the U.S. Trade and Development Agency (USTDA). She is responsible for business development, project preparation and evaluation, and supervision of USTDA activities in West Africa. Prior to joining the Sub-Saharan Africa team, Ms. Bonnikson was a Project Analyst in the Africa region at USTDA.
Ms. Bonnikson holds a Bachelor of Science Degree in Business Administration from Bucknell University.


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- Infowars - http://www.infowars.com -
Amy Goodman supports Investigation into WTC7
Posted By aaron On April 14, 2008 @ 6:07 pm In Old Infowars Posts Style,September 11 | Comments Disabled
WeAreChange.org | April 13, 2008
Amy Goodman confesses to cameras that she would, in fact, support an investigation into the WTC7 collapse, which she personally witnessed, but has largely refused to discuss.
FLASHBACK: Amy Goodman watches WTC-7 Implode, in person!
Amy Goodman Supports a New 9/11 Investigation
Kevin Barrett Questions Amy Goodman On Building 7
Michael Moore: 9/11 Could Be Inside Job; Amy Goodman Dodges Queries
|WATCH ALEX JONES' ENDGAME ONLINE NOW in its entirety. View more High quality trailers at www.endgamethemovie.com
Article printed from Infowars: http://www.infowars.com
URL to article: http://www.infowars.com/amy-goodman-supports-investigation-into-wtc7/
Click here to print.
Copyright © 2015 Infowars. All rights reserved.


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|ASU Convenes Feasibility Study Committee
|Written by Mike Flynn
|Friday, 21 January 2011 14:34
As part of the athletics feasibility study that began last September, Appalachian State University has convened a 10-member committee that will ultimately make a recommendation regarding the University's future in the changing NCAA Division I landscape.The athletics feasibility study committee held its first meeting on Tuesday, Jan. 18.
The feasibility study committee is charged with analyzing data collected by Collegiate Consulting LLC (formerly NACDA Consulting), developing a final report based on the analysis and making a recommendation to ASU Chancellor Dr. Kenneth E. Peacock. The recommendation is expected to be presented to Chancellor Peacock this summer. The Chancellor will then make his own recommendation to ASU's Board of Trustees, who must approve any change in Appalachian's conference or football subdivision affiliations.
A member of NCAA Division I since 1971, the Mountaineers currently participate the Southern Conference. In football, ASU and the SoCon compete in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS — formerly Division I-AA).
Tuesday's initial meeting served as an orientation session for the athletics feasibility study committee. As part of the orientation, the committee was provided with an update from Collegiate Consulting representatives, who are in the process of conducting the feasibility study they began on Appalachian's behalf last September.
The feasibility study committee is co-chaired by G.A. Sywassink, Chairman and retired CEO of Standard Holding Corporation, and Larry Stone, President and COO of Lowe's Corporation. Other members include John Blackburn (President, Linville Resorts, Inc.), Mark Harrill (President, Foscoe Companies), Jay Howard (President, JHE Production Group), Derek Jenkins (Senior Vice President, Target Stores), Doug Johnson (CEO, Blue Ridge Energies), Jeffrey A. Shepard (Retired CEO, Footstar), Tommy Sofield (CEO, U.S. Buildings) and Brad Wilson (CEO, Blue Cross & Blue Shield of North Carolina).
The committee is expected to receive additional updates from Collegiate Consulting representatives several times over the coming months. Additionally, as part of the study, critical stakeholder groups, including the ASU Board of Trustees, Yosef Club Board of Directors and University, student, community and business leaders will be engaged in the process during the next several months.
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The name "Manolo Blahnik" may be synonymous with "incredible shoes," but the man behind the heels is a famously quirky character when not at work. For this reason, we weren't too shocked by his hilarious and fun profile in this September's Vanity Fair, but we were nonetheless delighted. He said a number of quotable things, we learned a lot about his life and home, and we discovered that we might love him more than we love his shoes.
1. His mom made her own espadrilles for fun.
2.He originally wanted to be a theater and movie designer.
3. He's old-fashioned. He refers to Sarah Jessica Parker as "Miss Parker," Diana Vreeland as "Mrs. Vreeland."
4. He thinks it's silly that a woman would wear a pair of ill-fitting shoes. "I would say, 'Madame, would you mind waiting so that we can make a shoe specially for your footsie?' "
5. "I've never been interested in fashion. I do fashion—yes. But let's say I don't follow it."
6. He's allergic to wine and vinegar.
7. He doesn't enjoy fame: "I see my photo and I think I vomit!"
8. His earliest fans (before Anna Wintour and Carrie Bradshaw) included Grace Coddington, Lauren Bacall, and Bianca Jagger.
9. He loves ice cream: "'I'm dying for an ice cream,' Manolo announced. He looked as happy as a child when the two tempting scoops of vanilla arrived."
10. He owns somewhere between 25,000 to 30,000 pairs of prototype Manolos. There are so many he doesn't even know the exact number. "I don't live in a house. I live in a shoe museum! 'Shoe mausoleum' would be better! I lost about 300 in a flood in London. But it's O.K. I saved some of them."
Related posts:
Why Are Designer Clothes So Expensive?
PHOTOS: Models, It Girls, And Manolo Blahnik Celebrate Royal Family Fashion
Sarah Jessica Parker's Inevitable Shoe Line Is In The Works


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Welcome to the website of the University Policy Committee


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Best: Duane And Katarin Are 16 And In Love!
Reminder: the most evil characters on this show are two extremely successful people who love each other.
Worst: Not A Single Goddamn Second Of This Makes Sense
1. Stephanie McMahon brings out Nikki Bella dressed like a baked potato and offers her a shot at the Divas Championship. This is the only thing in the entire segment that works, because Steph's rewarding heel Nikki for having her back against Brie, and Nikki's an opportunistic jerk who doesn't deserve it. So that should make us mad, and does.
2. Enter Brie Bella, who is showing up to do … well, the exact same thing she did last week. She basically just says "HOW COULD YOU NIKKI" a few times and makes this face:
Also, they both keep saying literally as "linnerly" and neither of them knows what it means.
3. Enter AJ LEE. At this point your brain is probably going YEAH AJ, PIPE BOMB THEM, BOMB THEM WITH PIPES. All she needed to do was show up, launch into another one of those "Total Divas ladies are models who don't like wrestling and have the combined brain power of a wagon" and the crowd would go YEAH SHE'S RIGHT, because yeah, she's right. The two best (and worst) examples of that are Nikki and Brie Bella, slowly remembering their lines about FORGIVENESS and BETRAYAL and setting up storylines for a reality show that caused the one women's match on the program to end via PILE OF FUSSY WOMEN. Instead of doing that, she gets in Stephanie's face about what constitutes a #1 Contender. That brings out Paige, who wanders out because she's the only lady left on the show.
4. Paige says "I'm the Divas Champion," then moves into a position behind one of the Bella Twins. For "no reason."
5. Nikki Bella starts going full Harry and the Hendersons, swatting at her and being all, GO, GET OUT OF HERE, WE DON'T WANT YOU. Nikki wants Brie to quit and never come back because Brie always hogs the spotlight, which I guess is why when Brie quit the first time Nikki kept inviting her to the show, getting her front row tickets and letting her hang out backstage. Brie shoves Nikki into Paige, who has to fall down and act unconscious because a Bella grazed her. Note: she's too hurt to get up, but not too hurt to visibly reach up and keep the Divas Championship from falling out of the ring, because AJ will need that later.
6. AJ grabs the belt and parades around until Stephanie orders her to give it up. Because Stephanie is Stephanie, and as much as I love her lately, letting her around a group of Divas is a terrible idea. Not only does she tower over them, she cannot exist within proximity of them without pointing out how much stronger and better and more important she is. It goes from "fun heel doing her job well" to "person who frustrates me in a way that makes me disappointed with broader issues," aka the reason Stephanie was my least favorite wrestling character for a decade.
7. Every single person in the crowd goes fffffffuuuuuuuuuuu end the segmenttttt
Best: This Guy Gets It
Let's all just stay at home and watch Nitro.
Worst: Mark Henry Doesn't Remember The Particulars Of His Own Hall Of Pain
Rusev squashes Zack Ryder and that's all well and good, but I'll care about Men's Rights before I'll care about a Zack Ryder match in 2014.
After the match, Mark Henry shows up and threatens to induct Rusev into the Hall of Pain. He says he's "opening an international wing" especially for Rusev. If I can put my PERSON WHO REMEMBERS THINGS hat on for a second, the Hall of Pain's already full of international guys. In fact, you can go to WWE.com and take a virtual tour of it and see Sheamus (from Ireland) and Vladimir Kozlov (from RUSSIA) as inductees. KOZLOV. You inducted the ONLY OTHER GUY TO EVER BE EXACTLY LIKE RUSEV, Mark. THE GUY'S NAME WAS "VLADIMIR." How could you forget that? Pay attention to your own extracurricular endeavors, dude.
Best: KILL EVERYONE, STARDUST
The only highlight between Heath Slater getting double-legged by a rabbit and the end of the show is the continued heel turn of the Rhodes Brothers, who are excellent as unhinged maniacs who are also internally just sick to shit of WWE happenstance and politics. Stardust being affable and saying "it's okay!" a bunch of times before turning into a velociraptor and mauling Jey Uso's leg with a chair is wonderful, as is Goldust finally just telling people to shut up and get out of his face. I want these guys to stay gold and hurt people forever. That's probably the final evolution of Dustin Rhodes … make him that country fried brawler who hates everyone they tried and failed to get over periodically for years, only inside the body of Goldust. Stardust can just be Slender Man.
In a perfect world, we use the Rhodeses as an updated Steve Williams and Terry Gordy, where they really don't care what bullshit story you're in the middle of, they are here to punch and stomp you to death and win wrestling matches. If we don't give Cody Rhodes a real, sustainable edge before he turns 30, what's the damn point?


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Pickens County man sentenced to 15 years for beating wife
PICKENS - A Pickens County man admitted beating his wife for 24 hours, using anything he could find in his house, and threatening her with a gun.
Brandon Kevin Garren, 50, pleaded guilty in Pickens County Court to a charge of assault and battery of a high and aggravated nature and another charge of criminal domestic violence.
He was sentenced to 15 years and will need to serve 85 percent of his sentence before being eligible for release.
Garren attacked his wife for about an entire day, from June 28 to June 29, beating her in the head and body and sending her to the hospital with multiple facial fractures and cuts, according to a statement from the 13th Judicial Circuit, which prosecuted him.
Pickens County sheriff's deputies were eventually called to the couple's home and found Garren still screaming at his wife and threatening to keep beating her, according to the statement.
Garren pleaded guilty last week to the crime and was sentenced this week.
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|Nśmero de publicación
|Tipo de publicación
|Nśmero de solicitud
|Fecha de publicación
|29 Abr 2004
|Fecha de presentación
|14 Jul 2003
|Fecha de prioridad
|12 Jul 2002
|También publicado como
|Nśmero de publicación
|Eko Onggosanusi, Anand Dabak
|Cesionario original
|Onggosanusi Eko N., Dabak Anand G.
|Exportar cita
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citas de patentes (6), Citada por (27), Clasificaciones (12), Eventos legales (3)
|Enlaces externos: USPTO, Cesión de USPTO, Espacenet
[0001] Priority is claimed from provisional applications: appl. Ser. Nos. 06/395,604, filed Jul. 12, 2002, and 06/399,746, filed Jul. 30, 2002. The following copending applications disclose related subject matter and have a common assignee: Appl. No. . . . , filed . . . (TI-34475)
[0002] The present invention relates to communication systems, and more particularly to multiple-input multiple-output wireless systems.
[0003] Wireless communication systems typically use band-limited channels with time-varying (unknown) distortion and may have multi-users (such as multiple cellphone users within a cell). This leads to intersymbol interference and multi-user interference, and requires interference-resistant detection for systems which are interference limited. Interference-limited systems include multi-antenna systems with multi-stream or space-time coding which have spatial interference, multi-tone systems, TDMA systems having frequency selective channels with long impulse responses leading to intersymbol interference, CDMA systems with multi-user interference arising from loss of orthogonality of spreading codes, high data rate CDMA which in addition to multi-user interference also has intersymbol interference.
[0004] Interference-resistant detectors commonly invoke one of three types of equalization to combat the interference: maximum likelihood sequence estimation, (adaptive) linear filtering, and decision-feedback equalization. However, maximum likelihood sequence estimation has problems including impractically large computation complexity for systems with multiple transmit antennas and multiple receive antennas. Linear filtering equalization, such as linear zero-forcing and linear minimum square error equalization, has low computational complexity but has relatively poor performance due to excessive noise enhancement. And decision-feedback (iterative) detectors, such as iterative zero-forcing and iterative minimum mean square error, have moderate computational complexity but only moderate performance.
[0005] Thus there is a problem of trade-off of performance and computational complexity for multiple-input, multiple-output systems.
[0006] The present invention provides a method and detector for multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) systems which iteratively detects subsets of symbols and thereby allows reduced-state maximum likelihood decisions.
[0007] This has advantages including improved performance with moderate increase in computational complexity.
[0008]FIGS. 1a-1 b are flow and functional block diagrams.
[0009]FIGS. 2a-2 c illustrate receivers and transmitters.
[0010]FIGS. 3a-3 d are simulation results.
[0011]FIGS. 4a-4 b show Turbo coding.
[0012] 1. Overview
[0013] Preferred embodiment detectors and detection methods for multi-input, multi-output (MIMO) systems partition the set of transmitted symbols into subsets and jointly detect the symbols within a subset and iteratively detect the subsets. This provides interference cancellation of previously detected symbols. The joint detection within a subset may be a linear soft detection followed by maximum likelihood (ML) hard decision. FIG. 1a is a flow diagram, and FIG. 1b illustrates functional blocks of a preferred embodiment which partitions of a set of P symbol indices, {1, 2, . . . , P}, into M subsets, I1, I2, . . . , IM, of sizes P1, P2, . . . , PM, respectively. Thus, P=Σ1≦m≦MPm. The hard estimates for the Pm symbols with indices in subset Im are computed by a Pm-input, Pm-output ML detector. These hard estimates are then used to regenerate the signal components associated with the symbols whose indices lie in Im, and the regenerated components from this iteration plus prior iterations are subtracted from the received signal (interference cancellation) for use as input to the next iteration. This use of ML detection in reduced states (subsets of indices) provides a range of performance-complexity trade-offs previously unavailable.
[0014] Preferred embodiment wireless communication systems incorporate preferred embodiment detection methods. FIG. 1b illustrates functional blocks of a preferred embodiment detector. FIG. 2a shows a corresponding receiver for a MIMO wireless communications system; and FIG. 2b shows a P-antenna transmitter for such a system. In such systems components, base stations, and mobile users, could each include one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), (programmable) digital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other programmable devices with stored programs for implementation of the preferred embodiment. The base stations and mobile users may also contain analog integrated circuits for amplification of inputs to or outputs from antennas and conversion between analog and digital; and these analog and processor circuits may be integrated on a single die. The stored programs may, for example, be in external or onboard ROM, flash EEPROM, and/or FeRAM. The antennas may be parts of RAKE detectors with multiple fingers for each user's signals. The DSP core could be a TMS320C6xxx or TMS320C5xxx from Texas Instruments.
[0015] 2. Iterative Detectors
[0016] First consider iterative detectors generally. FIG. 2a illustrates a receiver with an interference-resistant detector as could be used in a wireless communications system with P transmit antennas (P data streams) and Q receive antennas. FIG. 2b illustrates a corresponding transmitter with P transmit antennas. The received signal in such a system can be written as:
[0017] where r is the Q-vector of samples of the received baseband signal (complex numbers) corresponding to a transmission time n:
[0018] s is the P-vector of transmitted symbols (complex numbers of a symbol constellation) for time n:
[0019] H is the Q×P channel matrix of attenuations and phase shifts; and w is a Q-vector of samples of received (white) noise. That is, the (q,p)th element of H is the channel (including multipath combining and equalization) from the pth transmit source to the qth receive sink, and the qth element of w is the noise seen at the qth receive sink.
[0020] Note that the foregoing relation applies generally to various systems with various interference problems and in which n, r, s, P, and Q have corresponding interpretations. For example:
[0021] (a) High data rate multi-antenna systems such as BLAST (Bell Labs layered space time) or MIMO and multi-stream space-time coding: spatial interference suppression techniques are used in detection.
[0022] (b) Broadband wireless systems employing OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplex) signaling and MIMO techniques for each tone or across tones.
[0023] (c) TDMA (time division multiple access) systems having frequency-selective channels with long impulse response which causes severe ISI (intersymbol interference). Use equalizers to mitigate ISI.
[0024] (d) CDMA (code division multiple access) systems having frequency-selective channels which cause MUI (multi-user interference) as a result of the loss of orthogonality between spreading codes. For high data rate CDMA systems such as HSDPA and 1xEV-DV, this problem is more severe due to the presence of ISI. Equalizers and/or interference cancellation may be used to mitigate these impairments.
[0025] (e) Combinations of foregoing.
[0026] Hence, P is essentially the number of symbols that are jointly detected as they interfere with one another, and Q is simply the number of collected samples at the receiver. Because there are P independent sources, Q must be at least as large as P to separate the P symbols. A (interference-resistant) detector in a receiver as in FIGS. 2a-2 b analyzes received signal vector r and outputs soft estimates x of the transmitted symbols s to a demodulator and decoder.
[0027] Presume that the different symbols which are transmitted via P different antennas are uncorrelated and also may utilize different modulation schemes. This implies the P×P matrix of expected symbol correlations, Λ=E[ssH], is diagonal with entries equal the expected symbol energies (λk=E[|Sk|2]):
[0028] For linear filtering equalization detectors, such as linear zero-forcing (LZF) or linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE), the soft estimates, denoted by P-vector x, derive from the received signal by linear filtering with P×Q matrix F; namely, x=Fr.
[0029] In particular, LMMSE detection finds the matrix F by minimizing the mean square error, E[||x−s||2]. With perfect estimation of the channel H, the minimizing matrix F is given by:
[0030] where σ2 is the variance per symbol of the additive white noise w and IQ is the Q×Q identity matrix. Note F has the form of a product of an equalization matrix with HH which is the matrix of the matched filter for the channel.
[0031] Analogously, LZF detection finds the matrix F by inversion:
[0032] Essentially, LZF detection nulls out the interference at the expense of excessive noise enhancement, while LMMSE detection minimizes the sum of interference and noise energy to provide a balanced trade-off between bias (due to residual interference) and variance (due to noise enhancement). But then each component of x is processed separately to obtain a corresponding hard symbol estimate. That is, a hard estimate, ŝi, for the ith symbol, si, comes from application of a hard decision operator to the soft estimate: ŝi=
[0033] A typical iterative (decision-feedback) detector (IZF or IMMSE) for blocks of P symbols has a series of P linear detectors (P iterations) with each linear detector followed by a (hard) decision device and interference subtraction (cancellation). Each of the P linear detectors (iterations) generates both a hard and a soft estimate for one of the P symbols. The hard estimate is used to regenerate the interference arising from the already-estimated symbols which is then subtracted from the received signal, and the difference used for the next linear symbol estimation. Hence, the hard symbol estimates, ŝi, are also computed in a disjoint fashion.
[0034] On the other hand, the optimal joint maximum likelihood (ML) detector generates the hard symbol estimates as:
ŝ ML=arg minSεC ||r−Hs|| 2
[0035] where C=C1×C2× . . . ×Cp is the P-dimensional constellation of P-vectors of symbols and has size π1≦j≦P |Cj| where |Cj| denotes the number of elements in constellation Cj. Thus the hard symbol estimates are jointly computed, and the computational complexity of this optimal detection is proportional to the constellation size which is exponential in P.
[0036] When an error correcting code is employed, soft symbol or soft bit (log likelihood ratio) estimates are often desired (see Section 8 for example). While soft symbol estimates can be obtained in many ways, the conditional expectation estimator is optimal. The conditional expectation estimator is:
[0038] The performance loss of iterative detectors comes from the disjoint processing of the soft symbol estimates, xi, to obtain the corresponding hard symbol estimates, ŝi. The preferred embodiment detectors circumvent this problem by partial ML detections with moderate computational complexity.
[0039] 3. Iterative Reduced-State Maximum-Likelihood Detection
[0040]FIG. 1a is a flow diagram and FIG. 1b shows functional blocks for first preferred embodiment detection methods which detect a P-vector of transmitted symbols, s, from a received Q-vector signal, r, as expressed in the following pseudocode which presumes a partition of the set of symbol indices, {1, 2, . . . , P}, into M subsets of indices I1, I2, . . . , IM, where Im has Pm elements.
initialize r(1) = r for m = 1 to M x(m) = Fm r(m) // Pm-vector of soft estimates for Im indexed symbols ŝ(m) = MLDm { x(m) } // Pm-vector of hard decisions for Im indexed symbols r(m+1) = r(m) − Gm ŝ(m) // interference cancellation using hard estimates end
[0041] where Fm is a Pm×Q matrix for the feedforward transformation of received signal into soft estimates, x(m), of the Im indexed symbols; MLDm is a (Pm, Pm) maximum likelihood (ML) detector; Gm is a Q×Pm matrix for the feedback transformation using the mth iteration output for interference cancellation. The following paragraphs describe choices for Fm, Gm, and MLDm. And note that the preferred embodiment methods for trivial index set partitions reduce to the usual methods: for M=1 (no partitioning), the method is just an ML detection for all of the symbols, and for M=P (every index is a separate subset), the method is just regular iterative detection.
[0042] Zero-forcing and minimum mean square error criteria each define Fm and Gm as follows. Begin with some convenient notation: let J1={1, 2, . . . , P} and recursively take Jm=Jm−1−Im−1 for 2≦m≦M, so Jm is the set of indices of symbols remaining to be detected at the start of the mth iteration. Let Hm be the Q×Pm matrix consisting of the columns of H with index in Im, so Hm is the channel matrix for the Pm symbols being detected during the mth iteration. Let Km be the Q×(Σm≦k≦M Pk) matrix consisting of the columns of H with index in Jm, so Km is the channel matrix for the symbols remaining to be detected at the start of the mth iteration (K1=H). Let Λm be the Pm×Pm diagonal sub-matrix of Λ of elements with both row and column indices in Im; consequently, the elements of Λm are the energies of the symbols to be detected during the mth iteration. Let
[0043] Neglecting decision feedback error and choosing Fm and Gm according to the zero-forcing criterion yields for m=1, 2, . . . , M−1:
Fm=1m[Km HKm]−1Km H
[0044] Analogously, choosing Fm and Gm according to the minimum mean square error criterion yields for m=1, 2, . . . , M−1:
[0045] In both cases during the last iteration (m=M) all remaining symbols will be detected, so JM=IM, KM=HM,
[0046] The maximum likelihood hard decision for the mth iteration, MLDm, depends upon the signal model for r(m). In particular,
[0048] where ŝ(k) is the Pk-vector of hard estimates of s(k) which is the Pk-vector of symbols with indices in subset Ik.
[0049] Now for the case of no feedback error, Gk=Hk and ŝ(k)=s(k), so the model becomes
r (m)=Σm≦j≦M H j s (j) +w
[0050] Thus the soft estimates can be written as:
[0051] where im is the residual interference-plus-noise term corresponding to the mth iteration detection. Note that the desired signal term, FmHms(m), is uncorrelated to the residual interference-plus-noise and that
E[i m i m H ]=F m K m+1
[0052] For notational convenience define ψm=E[imim H] which is a Pm×Pm matrix. Then assuming the residual interference is approximately Gaussian with covariance matrix ψm, so log-likelihood metric for MLDm is just the Euclidean metric scaled by the covariance matrix:
ŝ (m)=arg minc(m)||ψm −1/2(x (m) −F m H m c (m))||2
[0053] where c(m) is a Pm-vector of symbols in the product of the Pm constellations of symbols with indices in Im. Thus the hard decision is found by computing all of the metrics and taking the symbol vector which generates the minimum metric; and if all of the constellations have the same size |C| (such as all are |C|−QAM), then the number of metrics to compute is |C|Pm.
[0054] Note that for Fm and Gm defined using the zero-forcing criterion there is no residual interference because FmKm+1=0. In this case im is exactly Gaussian. For the MMSE criterion, however, some residual interference exists; hence, im is a mixture of Gaussian (from the noise) and non-Gaussian (residual interference) random processes. For sufficiently dense symbol constellations and/or a sufficiently large number of antennas, the interference can be well approximated as Gaussian. Otherwise, a variation of the MLD decision for MMSE-based detection is the use of the exact probability density function (pdf) of im in the maximum likelihood detection. Because im is the sum of Fmw and Σm+1≦j≦MFmHj s(j), its pdf is the convolution of their pdfs.
[0055] 4. 4×4 Example
[0056] As an example consider the 4×4 MIMO system with the preferred embodiment partitioning the symbols into two subsets of two symbols each; that is, P=Q=4 with P1=P2=2 (M=2). Explicitly, take I1={1,2} and I2={3,4}; then with hk denoting the kth column of 4×4 channel matrix H, the zero-forcing criterion yields:
F1=1{1,2}[HHH]−1HH (2×4 matrix)
G1=[h1h2] (4×2 matrix)
F2=[h3h4]H (2×4 matrix)
[0057] Analogously, the MMSE criterion gives:
F2=[h3h4]H (2×4 matrix)
[0058] The simulations of section 9 compare performance of various modifications of this 4×4 MIMO system preferred embodiment plus regular iterative detection.
[0059] 5. Feedback Error Compensation
[0060] In general, the error-free decision feedback assumption is sufficiently accurate for high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and good channel conditions. Otherwise, error propagation may occur. When the MMSE criterion is used, the effect of error propagation can be taken into account by using the second order model which presumes the correlation of the transmitted symbols and their hard estimates is expressed by a diagonal P×P energy-correlation matrix:
[0061] where the symbol-hard estimate correlations ρj are generally real-valued and in the range −1≦ρj≦+1. Let R denote the P×P diagonal matrix of these correlations. Then define the Pm×Pm diagonal correlation submatrix Rm with diagonal elements ρk for k in Im and the (Σm≦k≦M P k)×(Σm≦k≦MPk) diagonal correlation submatrix
[0062] Taking into account the effect of error propagation in the MMSE criterion approach leads to modified Fm and Gm; for m=1, 2, . . . M−1:
[0063] Note that these modified matrices reduce to the prior expressions when ρk=1 for previously-detected symbols. In particular, ρk=1 for k in Jm−Im reduces Fm to the prior expression and ρk=1 for k in Im reduces Gm to the prior expression.
[0064] This feedback error compensation by use of correlations to limit cancellation allows for a multistage detection with each stage a set of M iterations as in the foregoing and with the hard estimates and correlations of one stage used as initial conditions for the next stage. In this manner, performance can be improved in stages by controlling the cancellation according to current correlation. Of course, the correlations must be computed, either by ensemble averaging (i.e., use a pilot channel or a set of training symbols that undergo the same MIMO channel as the information symbols) or by use of an analytical model (e.g., specific symbol constellation and Gaussian approximations) which can relate correlations and SINRs (which are used to define the F and G matrices) plus provide convergence to limiting values through successive stages.
[0065] In particular, if superscript/subscript [n] denotes nth stage variables, then the first stage would be as described in the preceding paragraphs: the mth iteration would include:
x[1](m)=F[1]mr[1](m) . . .
[0066] Then the second stage would have first stage hard estimates of interfering subsets of symbols to include in the cancellations, so
[0068] Note that the hard estimates from the first stage for the subset of symbols being detected, ŝ[1](m), are not part of the cancellation. And the correlation matrices
[0069] 6. Ordered Detection
[0070] Ordered detection based on the symbol post-detection signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) is often used to further improve performance. error. Selecting the detection ordering in the foregoing preferred embodiments amounts to selecting the index sets I1, I2, . . . , IM that form a partition of {1, 2, . . . , P}. One may select a pre-determined detection ordering that does not depend on the channel realization H. Analogous to the conventional iterative detection, further improvement can be obtained by selecting the ordering as a function of H based on a selected performance measure as in the following examples.
[0071] (1) Pre-ML SINR measures
[0072] At the start of the mth iteration, compare the (Σm≦k≦MPk) SINR values associated with the index set Jm, and select index set Im to label the Pm largest SINR values. Note that closed form expressions for the SINR as a function of the channel realization can be obtained for different detection criteria. In particular, define the SINR associated with symbol sp at the mth iteration as γp (m). For the zero-forcing criterion this yields for pεIm:
γp (m)=λp/σ2[(K m H K m)−1]p,p
[0073] Whereas the MMSE criterion together with the feedback error compensation yields for pεIm:
[0074] where hk is the kth column of H, and the case of error-free feedback is a special case.
[0075] (2) Post-ML SINR measures
[0076] Intuitively, better detection ordering can be obtained when a measure of SINR after the ML detection. Several possible post-ML detection measures can be derived from the symbol error rate (SER) expression of ML detection. Starting from the ML metric above, scale by Ψm −1/2 to define:
[0077] Here the scaled residual interference-plus-noise term, jm, is white with E[jmjm H]=I. Let
[0078] where the
[0079] A looser upper bound can be derived from the fact that for α,
[0080] where d2 min,i is the minimum distance among symbols in the symbol constellation associated with the ith column of Θm, [Θm]:,i. Thus,
[0081] When the same constellation (modulation scheme) is used for all of the transmit antennas, the minimum distance is common and the upper bound simplifies to:
SER m≦(N m−1)
[0082] This upper bound yields the following post-ML measure for selecting the detection order: at the mth iteration, select Im to maximize min1≦i≦P
[0083] 7. Decision Alternatives
[0084] The foregoing preferred embodiments hard decision methods, MLDm, convert xk (m) into ŝk (m) use a maximum likelihood approach which applies a hard-limiter (hard-clipping) non-linearity. Alternative non-linearities, generically denoted as ŝ(m)=
|Hyperbolic tangent:
|Soft linear clipped:
[0085] where ξ is a non-negative constant. For higher order modulation, the decision is done in the bit level following the bit log likelihood ratio computation (as described in Section 8). Alternatively, for QPSK, the real and imaginary parts of:
[0086] While any of those non-linear estimators can be used, the optimal soft estimator is the conditional expectation estimator (analogous to Section 2), which is
[0087] where the summation is over the set formed by the product of Pm constellations of symbols with indices in Im (see discussion at the end of Section 3).
[0088] For systems with large constellation and/or a number of antennas, the computational burden may be prohibitive as it increases exponentially with the number of transmit antennas. In this case, sphere decoding type algorithm can be used to reduce computational complexity at the expense of some performance (while retaining most of the gain of maximum likelihood detector).
[0089] 8. Decoding
[0090] The demodulator converts the soft symbol estimates x(1), x(2), . . . , x(M) output by an M-iteration detector into conditional probabilities; and the conditional probabilities translate into bit-level log likelihood ratios (LLRs) for (sequence) decoding. In more detail, the LLRs in terms of the bits upk which define the constellation symbols sp (e.g., two bits for a QPSK symbol, four bits for a 16QAM symbol, etc.) are defined (dropping the superscripts on the xp) as
[0091] The LLRs can be computed using a channel model. For example,
[0092] where the first log term includes the probability distribution of the demodulated symbol xp which can be computed using the channel model. The second log term is the log of the ratio of a priori probabilities of the bit values and typically equals 0. So for an AWGN channel where the residual interference (interference which is not cancelled) is also a zero-mean, normally-distributed, independent random variable, the channel model gives:
p(x p |s p =c)˜exp(−|x p −c| 2/γp)
[0093] where c is a symbol in the symbol constellation and γp is a normalization typically derived from the channel characteristics and the detector type. Indeed, the following section describes known normalizations and preferred embodiment normalizations. Of course, γp is just twice the variance of the estimation error random variable.
[0094] Then compute LLRs by using an approximation which allows direct application of the channel model. Take p(xp|upk=1)=p(xp|sp=cpk=1) where Cpk=1 is the symbol in the sub-constellation of symbols with kth bit equal 1 and which is the closest to xp; that is, cpk=1 minimizes |xp−ck=1|2 for Ck=1 a symbol in the sub-constellation with kth bit equal to 1. Analogously for p(xp|upk=0) using the sub-constellation of symbols with kth bit equal 0. Then with equal a priori probabilities of the bit values and the notation subscript k=1 and k=0 indicating symbols with kth bit 1 and 0, respectively, the approximation yields
[0095] Thus the LLR computation just searches over the two symbol sub-constellations for the minima.
[0096] The LLRs are used in decoders for error correcting codes such as Turbo codes (e.g., iterative interleaved MAP decoders with BCJR or SOVA algorithm using LLRs for each MAP) and convolutional codes (e.g. Viterbi decoders). Such decoders require soft bit statistics (in terms of LLR) from the detector to achieve their maximum performance (hard bit statistics with Hamming instead of Euclidean metrics can also be used but result in approximately 3 dB loss). Alternatively, direct symbol decoding with LLRs as the conditional probability minus the a priori probability could be used. FIGS. 4a-4 b illustrate the 3GPP Turbo encoder and an iterative decoder which includes two MAP blocks, an interleaver, a de-interleaver, and feedback for iterations.
[0097] 9. Simulations
[0098] Simulations for 4×4 MIMO QPSK and 16QAM systems with P=Q=4 in spatially uncorrelated (IID) and correlated MIMO channels were performed to compare a preferred embodiment with other detection methods. The correlated spatial channel profile has the average and peak cross correlation of 0.16 and 0.40, respectively. FIGS. 3a-3 d compare simulations with the following six detection methods including four preferred embodiment iterative reduced state ML variations:
[0099] (1) IMMSE UNORD: regular iterative MMSE without detection ordering.
[0100] (2) IMMSE ORD: regular iterative MMSE with detection ordering based on post-detection SINR.
[0101] (3) IRSML UNORD: MMSE-based iterative reduced state ML for M=2, P1=P2=2 and without ordering.
[0102] (4) IRSML ORD Pre-ML SINR: MMSE-based iterative reduced state ML for M=2, P1=P2=2 and with ordering based on SINR after MMSE transformation.
[0103] (5) IRSML ORD Post-ML Norm: MMSE-based iterative reduced state ML for M=2, P1=P2=2 and with ordering based on channel norm after MMSE transformation.
[0104] (6) IRSML ORD Post-ML SER: MMSE-based iterative reduced state ML for M=2, P1=P2=2 and with ordering based on SER bound after ML detection.
[0105] The raw bit error rate (BER) versus signal-to-noise ratio (Eb/N0) results for QPSK in IID and correlated channels appear in FIGS. 3a-3 b, respectively, and for 16QAM in IID and correlated channels appear in FIGS. 3c-3 d, respectively. Observe that the gain of IRSMLover regular IMMSE is more dramatic in spatially correlated channels and when no detection ordering is used. Notice also that IRSML with SER-based detection ordering results in a gain of 10-dB for 16QAM in correlated channels at BER=10−3 compared to the regular IMMSE with detection ordering.
[0106] The computational complexity of preferred embodiment iterative reduced state ML methods can be compared to the full ML and the regular MMSE methods. In particular, consider two aspects: matrix inversion computation and hard decision estimation. For comparison, assume that the preferred embodiments use equal size subsets (Pm=P/M) and all methods use the same constellation (size C) for all symbols. Then the following table indicates the complexity of the methods.
Detector Matrix inversion Hard decision Regular iterative ˜PxP3 ˜PxC Maximum likelihood none ˜CP IRSML ˜MxP3 ˜MxCP/M
[0107] Thus for the preferred embodiments with two subsets (M=P/2 and Pm=2), the computational complexity of the preferred embodiments is comparable to the regular iterative detector for small to moderate constellation size. For large constellation size (such as 64-QAM or 256-QAM), the complexity increase for the preferred embodiments over the regular iterative detector becomes significant. However, its performance gain is expected to become more dramatic as indicated by the simulations.
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Rockstar Makita Suzuki's Blake Young has been forced to withdraw from the fifth round of the AMA Pro Road Racing Championship at Infineon Raceway because of the finger injury he suffered at Barber Motorsports Park nearly two weeks ago.Young lost half of his left pinkie when he crashed in turn five of Sunday's race at Barber. The pace car was brought out to slow the field while Young was transported by ambulance to the infield medical center. Surgery was performed on the pinkie nine days ago in Louisville, Kentucky.This morning Young discovered that the finger wasn't flexible enough and that any attempt to race could aggravate the injury by breaking the stitches."It's just not ready," Young said while the American Superbikes qualified at Infineon Raceway. "I think I'm going to hurt it. Even doctors think it's pretty iffy if the tissue's really soft, stitches in, putting a lot of pressure, really swelled up. It's just one of those things. I'm here, I want to be here, I want to ride. I don't want to lose any points. I want to race. It's as simple as that. It sucks."With 12 turns and several elevation changes packed into the 2.32-mile road course, Infineon Raceway is one of the more physically demanding tracks on the calendar. Had the race been at Daytona International Speedway or Road America, tracks with long straightaways that allow some time to rest, Young might have been able to ride."This is one of the hardest tracks to come back to from an injury," Young said. "I mean, you got a place like Daytona, that would've been great. Elkhart, another one. You know you got those big long straightaways. Let that thing kind of ease up. Even with numbing it...it hurts before you numb it and your body's telling you, 'Hey, it hurts. You're not supposed to be doing that.'"I think you just can't rush it. It's kind of out my hands now. We did everything preparing. Got back on the bicycle, got off the pain-killers, finished off my antibiotics. Got back riding. Felt good. I feel physically fit, good. Did everything I just possibly could to try to come back to race. But, it's just something that I think's going to take time. It's really hard for me to understand. That's why Kevin's [Schwantz] here to tell me, 'Hey, easy, easy, easy.' But it's tough. I'm just a 21-year-old kid who wants to go out there and ride. It's tough sitting here. We tried and I know I'd be mad at myself if I didn't come out and at least try. I'd rather be here than sitting on my motor home going, 'Man, I wish I was out there' and I think I can do it.""We're coming back for Elkhart," the Wisconsin native continued. "I'm looking forward to that. I'm going to do nothing but just train up to it and try to come back and hopefully do everything possible the doctors say to do with this thing and try to get it healed up as quick as possible. That's what I'm looking forward to now. I'm already kind of over this weekend. After seeing with the only little range of motion that I have with it and the glove, it's kind of a bummer. But I'm getting over it and we'll just have to work on it for Elkhart. I think we'll be good. I mean, the new bike and we got some new things to test. It seems like every weekend we come to the track we've got more and more stuff to test. So I mean, Tommy [Hayden] and Mat [Mladin] will be testing it this weekend and we'll be ready to go for Elkhart."
Henny Ray Abrams | Contributing Editor
Abrams is the longest-serving contributor at Cycle News. Over the course of his 35-some years of writing and shooting photos, he's covered events from MotoGP to the Motocross World Championship - and everything in between.


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Basement Renovations
Decking & Fencing
Heating and Cooling
Home Exterior
Living & Bedroom
Windows & Doors
Exterior Siding
Overview of the ServiceTransform the exterior of your home with virtually maintenance-free fibre cement or vinyl siding. Not only will you increase the value but you`ll provide durability and also achieve a clean, modern look for you and your family and friends to enjoy.
Why should you choose to have it installed by The Home Depot?
Premium exterior siding is easy to maintain and provides a barrier against seasonal changes that are so common in Canada. Trust The Home Depot's installation professionals to install new fibre cement or vinyl siding, soffit and fascia from Canada's top brands. We use premium products that come with some of the best warranties in the business. We don't compromise on quality.
Sit back and rest easy knowing that your siding project will be backed by the world's largest home improvement retailer. Our experts are all highly skilled and licensed tradespeople trained to deliver quality work that's guaranteed†† from start to finish. You'll enjoy the process and revel in a stress-free installation.
You will also enjoy easy and flexible financing options and be able to get your project underway as promptly as possible when you use The Home Depot Consumer Credit Card. Every siding installation will also include a full manufacturer's and installation warranty backed by The Home Depot.
Why should you install this Product?Premium siding resists dents, scratches and flaking in addition to acting as a first layer of defense to your home. With our selection of fibre cement and vinyl siding, you are able to give your house the fresh look it deserves while increasing your energy efficiency. With an endless array of specialty colours and panel styles, you can give your home character, enhance its curb appeal and have confidence in the quality of your installation.
How to tell if you need a new siding installation
There are several indicators that you need new siding:
Ongoing increase in heating and cooling bills
Cracked and/or peeling siding
Warped and/or buckling siding
Frequent need to repaint siding
Peeling paint and/or loose wallpaper in your home's interior
Dry rot, insect damage and/or fungus & mould on the surface of siding
Uneven boards and seam separation in siding
Deterioration and aging of siding from years of negligence
Prolonged exposure to extreme weather conditions
White streaks on the foundation of your siding (if you have vinyl siding)
Trust that a Home Depot Installation Services Expert can help identify potential problems with your current siding, or assess whether you need proper siding – book a free in-home consultation now!
- Vinyl siding offers a lifetime guarantee
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Q: What factors should I consider when choosing to install new siding?
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4) Vinyl or Fibre Cement
5) Property Values
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7) Warranties
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A: Please refer to the section titled '3 STEPS TO SIDING INSTALLATION' below for full details on how to get started on your siding installation project. The Home Depot is pleased to offer you a FREE in-home consultation when you consider Home Depot Installation Services for your installation project.
Q: How will I know that my service provider is authorized by The Home Depot?
A: All of our handpicked providers carry an orange The Home Depot Home Services badge. If this badge is not visible, ask to see it. This badge means they have undergone a thorough background screening process and are properly licensed and insured.
Q: What are the available methods of payment?
A: All major credit cards, personalized cheques, and financing options with The Home Depot Consumer Credit Card and Home Depot Commercial Credit Card.
Service OptionsRely on the expertise of The Home Depot's Installation Services to improve the look, function and feel of your home. Complement your new long-lasting siding with an exterior makeover that will increase energy efficiency and comfort. Ask about our new Roof, Window, Eavestrough, Insulation and Custom Entry Door Installation Services.
3 STEPS TO SIDING INSTALLATIONTo set-up an appointment for your insulation installation project, call 1-800-HOME DEPOT (1-800-466-3337), or you can request a quote online and within two days we will contact you to book a free in-home consultation.
Step 1:
FREE In-Home Consultation
At a pre-scheduled time, an Installation Service Provider will visit your home to discuss the project with you and determine your siding needs and preferences appropriate for your geographic region. They will review colour and panel style samples, and work with you to map out a complete siding system that fits your budget. They will also show you various accessories, including shutters, gable vents, eavestrough batons and downspouts. They will explain the product differences and benefits for both fibre cement and vinyl siding, discuss options such as custom-wrapped window and door casings and vinyl shutters, and they will work with you to map out a complete siding system that fits your budget. During this visit, the consultant will also verify measurements, provide you with a written estimate, answer any questions that you may have and inform you of any prior preparations that are needed.
Prior to your appointment, consider what look you're after—what colours do you like and what styles appeal—and take a moment to assess the condition of your gutters. If possible, coordinate your in-home consultation to include household members who will help make the siding decisions.
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Professional Installation
An authorized Home Depot Service Provider will secure and post all permits, and coordinate delivery of all materials to your home. (Take note: Weather may impact the scheduled installation date and length of your project.) During installation, care will be taken to protect areas around your home and landscaping. Old and existing siding will be removed and recycled if possible. You will receive regular updates from your project coordinator, and at all times, the installer will maintain a safe work site and ensure a thorough cleanup.
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Follow-Up Inspection
Once the project is complete, your Service Provider will arrange for a final inspection of the siding, review proper maintenance procedures and warranty information, and confirm that the project meets with your approval.
Our Guarantee
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Group Events and Meetings
Goodstone's entire estate is available for corporate events, retreats and private parties. You and up to 42 guests or colleagues will experience the finest that Virginia wine and hunt country has to offer — from our gracious staff who will take care of your every need and fabulous wines from our wine cellar to delectable treats from our kitchen and luxuriously comfortable rooms. Goodstone Inn & Restaurant is all yours to enjoy!
THE MANOR HOUSE: Let the Manor House transport you back in time with its Old World charm and elegance. This historic Middleburg guest house is fully equipped with everything you need for a successful meeting: wireless Internet, phone, fax and presentation capabilities. The stately meeting room seats 14 and boasts a stunning, custom mural entitled "American Scenes." With a comfortable den, game room, living room, sun porch and terraces overlooking the grounds of the estate, you'll find plenty of space for breakout areas. A full kitchen completes this idyllic meeting location.
Goodstone's Meeting Package includes deluxe overnight accommodations with full daily breakfast and complimentary A/V (screen, overhead, flip chart, pads and pens). Have your next corporate retreat at Goodstone . . . you'll give your meeting room to bloom!
Goodstone's Corporate Meetings Package
Read what Small Market Meetings Magazine says about Small Board Meetings and Executive Retreats at Goodstone
To request information on availability and pricing, contact:
Jen Kitner, Director of Sales & Events
540-454-7161 / Email: email@example.com
Austin Ankers, Sales & Events Coordinator
540-687-3094 / Email: email@example.com


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Fox preseason football flops big-time
Listen, I know it's only pre-season and everyone -- including the networks -- are working out the kinks, but I expect Buck and Aikman to be on top of their game. They usually are, so I guess I was surprised by the sloppy effort.
The NFL season just around the corner and if you're a big-time fan like I am, you can't wait for the whistle to blow and the pads to start popping. However, while we may be ready for the real thing, the pre-season games have been -- generally speaking -- awful. You can't expect a lot for the pre-season, especially on the field with guys fighting for jobs, but for goodness sake, I do expect broadcasters like Fox's Buck and Aikman to not just skate through a broadcast.
At one point in the first half, Troy was pointing out the blanket coverage in the Buc's defensive backfield... using the names of Dolphin players to identify the defender. Umm, isn't that why they have spotters, to get the names right? And he never corrected the mistake. He just kept on babbling. I realize he's a former quarterback and suffered many concussions, but he's well now and supposed to be the top analyst on the network.
What was even worse was the 45-minute delay in the middle of the game because of the threat of lightning strikes. I don't blame Fox for the weather, but the production crew had to know that it was possible because they were in Tampa where is rains constantly in the summer. You just know that the NFL officials -- and the network -- were warned that a lightning delay was possible.
Fox should have had something prepared to fill the time. Instead of a "rain delay" plan, Buck and Aikman painfully vamped for a while, before cutting to Pam Oliver who dragged players out of the locker room to "tap dance." Seriously, that's what she called the inane chatter in which they were engaged.
Okay, maybe I'm taking this too seriously. It is only pre-season. The games don't count. It's just a warm up for the season. But on a Thursday night in prime time, even during the summer, Fox should do better.


text: At the Bottom | IBDB: The official source for Broadway Information IBDB: The official source for Broadway Information Official Broadway League sites: - sites - broadway.org broadwayleague.com broadwayfanclub.com kidsnightonbroadway.com stagespecs.org tonyawards.com Quick Search For: In This Category: All Show People/Org. Theatre Season The credits for this production have not yet been completed or verified. At the Bottom Waldorf Theatre, (1/09/1930 - circa. 3/1930) First Preview: Total Previews: Opening Date: Jan 09, 1930 Closing Date: Mar 1930 Total Performances: 72 Category: Play, Original, Broadway Description: A play in four acts Setting: A Flop-house in a large provincial town in Central Russia Opening Night Credits Production Staff Produced by Leo Bulgakov Theatre Associates, Inc. Written by Maxim Gorky; Book adapted by William L. Laurence Staged by Leo Bulgakov Cast Walter AbelVaskaCarroll AshburnThe BaronE. J. BallantineThe ActorTrevor BardettThe GrizzlyBarbara BulgakovaNastyaRichard HaleSatinVictor KillianBubnovAri KutaiThe TatarLouis John LatzerAbramkaElsa LazareffAnnaWelba LestinaKvashnyaLewis LeverettAlyoshkaMary MorrisVasilisaAnne SeymourNatashaEdgar StehliLukaJohn WexleyAndreiIan WolfeMichael Kostilyev © 2001-2015, The Broadway League, All Rights Reserved. (Copyright and Disclaimer)


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Scosche intros new headphones, chargers, iPad accessories
updated 03:35 pm EDT, Thu March 18, 2010
Lineup to be debuted at CTIA 2010
Scosche has announced its 2010 netbook accessory lineup, which includes several new products such as headphones, chargers, and cases, among other items. The new skyCASTER wireless headphones feature an integrated microphone for gaming or VoIP calls. An included USB dongle works as a transmitter, with a claimed range of up to 100 feet over the 2.4GHz band.
New accessories for power and charging include the inVERT, netVOLT Car and netVOLT Home. The inVERT is a 100W power inverter that allows users to charge or run their netbook from a 12V power socket. The 50W netVOLT Car works as a universal netbook charger with an additional USB port, while the netVOLT Home is a universal netbook charger that provides 40W of power from standard wall outlets.
Schoshe's latest netbook protection products include the netSUIT PRO carrying case for netbooks or iPads, the netSUIT reversible sleeve, and sCLEAN screen cleaner. The company will also offer the netKIT, a package which includes a clear protective skin, screen protector, spray cleaner, microfiber cloth, and a LCD guard that doubles as a mouse pad.
Along with the car and home chargers, the 2010 series will include the blueLIFE low-profile Bluetooth USB adapter, the memoREAD card reader with flush-folding USB connection, and the fanBASE portable netbook cooling stand.
Many of the new items are already available, although several products are listed as out of stock from Scosche's website. Prices range from $15 for the memoREAD, up to $120 for the skyCASTER.
netVOLT Car


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First half of 2012 was great for Amgen
Amgen Inc. raised its 2012 earnings guidance Thursday after overwhelming analysts' expectations by reporting second-quarter profit gains of 8 percent, attributed primarily to strong sales.
The Thousand Oaks-based drugmaker now expects 2012 revenues will be in the range of $16.9 billion to $17.2 billion — up from $16.1 billion to $16.5 billion — and adjusted earnings per share to be between $6.20 and $6.35 (up from $5.90 to $6.15).
Amgen shares rose $3.71 to $83 in after-hours trading Thursday. The share price has risen steadily since Kevin Sharer announced his retirement as CEO on Dec. 15. That day, the stock closed at $58.
On average, analysts were expecting Amgen to post earnings of $1.54 per share on revenue of $4.08 billion, but the company's actual results were earnings of $1.61 per share on net income of $1.27 billion.
"Our performance in the first half of the year was very strong," said CEO Bob Bradway.
Revenues were up 13 percent to $4.48 billion.
In his first earnings call as CEO, Bradway said he's especially pleased with the performance of the rheumatoid arthritis drug Enbrel, which saw sales increase 11 percent.
Executives noted that after 14 years on the market, Enbrel continues to be the market leader in both rheumatology and dermatology.
Bradway also mentioned the positive sales coming from its two potential blockbuster drugs launched in 2010: Prolia and Xgeva. Sales were up 17 percent for Xgeva, which treats cancer patients. Sales were up 36 percent for Prolia, which treats postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.
Company officials said Prolia advertisements featuring actress Blythe Danner have been effective.
Bradway took a moment during Thursday's earnings call to recognize staff members who were listening.
"We're off to a good start and I know I can count on our staff to continue to deliver through the balance of the year," he said.
Subscribe to the Ventura County Star
Need Help? Call us at 1-877-710-6182.
Monday-Friday: 6am-3pm / Saturday: 6:30am-10:30am / Sunday: 7am-11am


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PEPPER PIKE -- Many students stayed home Thursday as a high school closed for three days by bomb threats re-opened. Attendance at Orange High School was only 60 percent, according to district spokeswoman Stacy Vincent.
She described the mood at the school as "good, and cautiously optimistic." School district officialsheld a newsbriefing Thursday afternoon to address both the continuing bomb threats and the successful restart of classes.
"In this difficult time, the presence of the students and the staff is our best defense against this intimidating fear," Principal Dr. Paul Lucas said after classes were dismissed Thursday.
The school reopened under tight security as police and FBI agents tried to identify the source of emails that threatened blacks and Jews, issued bomb threats, and forced the cancellation of classes for three days.
No bomb was found and Orange High School classes resumed without incident, district spokesman Lou DeVincentis said. Of the 750 students enrolled, only about 450 actually came to school on Thursday. Approximately 300 stayed home.
"I feel confident. I feel safe," principal Lucas told WKYC Thursday morning. "I wouldn't be here if I didn't feel the school was safe. We definitely have it secured and we have the school building safe and cleared."
As the building opened for the first time this week, book bags and backpacks were banned as a security measure, and students weren't allowed to go to their cars during the day. Extra police were assigned to patrol the grounds.
"Though attendance was down today, those students who attended helped to diffuse the fear that was caused by this threat," said District Superintendent Dr. Nancy Wingenbach during an afternoon news briefing.
The threateningemails referred to the Ku Klux Klan and made threats against blacks and Jews, two big segments of the enrollment. The latest email threat, which was copied to WKYC-TV, was received at about 1 a.m. Thursday.
The school closed Monday through Wednesday while searches were conducted with bomb-sniffing dogs.
The FBIand Pepper Pike police wereworking to identify the sender, who took measures to avoid being traced.
Superintendent Wingenbachemphasized in a message posted on the district's website that appropriate and necessary procedures were followed to ensure the high school and other campus facilities were safe.
"Many of the rumors circulating are not substantiated and should not be treated as factual," she stated Thursday afternoon. "We will continue to have increased police presence on campus and tighter access to each building, beyond our usual safety measures."
The district covers some of Cleveland's wealthiest suburbs including Pepper Pike, Orange, Hunting Valley, Woodmere and Moreland Hills.


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Cloud Computing Blog
Cloud computing is giving enterprises new opportunities to become more agile, productive, innovative and cost-efficient.
To stay updated on the ever-changing cloud services industry, follow the CSC cloud computing blog, CSC Trusted Cloud Solutions.
- Horses for Sources article and blog post
- Commentary on a comparative cloud blog: which cloud companies correspond to which fast food chains...with a focus on offering, popularity and caliber!
- Post-event coverage of the EMC World and Interop events in Las Vegas, NV.
- VCE videos featuring Siki Giunta as she talks about CSC's cloud success in relation to its partnership with VCE.
- Gartner reports that the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) cloud market is set to reach $462 million.
- VMware to acquire Virsto Software, a provider of storage performance optimization software.
- Siki Giunta, CSC Cloud VP, sits down with CIO Magazine Germany Editor, Horst Ellermann to discuss CSC data centers, enterprise cloud and the Patriot Act.
- At some point, people stopped asking 'if' they should adopt cloud computing. Instead, the questions have shifted to 'when' and 'how.'
- Gartner pointed to five key emerging trends that users should figure into their cloud computing plans.
- CSC Cloud grants a free license for Cloud Trust Protocol. It will serve as a pillar of the CSA's cloud GRC stack.


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- Musician's Friend Best Selection, Price & Service. Guaranteed.
Call our Gear Heads
at: 800-449-9128
Call our Gear Heads
at: 800-449-9128
Find a similar product below or contact our experts for a recommendation of great alternatives. Call us at 800-449-9128.Similar Items:
Find a similar product below or contact our experts for a recommendation of great alternatives. Call us at 800-449-9128.Similar Items:
A classic VOX Custom Series combo in flashy British racing green.
The legendary tone of VOX in limited edition British racing green. Three 12AX7 preamp tubes with two EL84s in the power section deliver 15W through a 12" Celestion Greenback. Two channels, Normal and Top Boost, each with its own volume control deliver everything from a clean VOX "chimey" sound to a powerful overdriven tone. Sweeten your sound with the VOX Classic Tremolo effect. A warm spring reverb is also included, adding spaciousness to the sound.
Call or click to get classic tone and show-stopping style today.
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Comments about Vox Custom AC15 15W Tube Guitar Combo Amp with Celestion Greenback:
This is my first Vox amp purchase after 25 years of playing and owning most major name brands.. Marshall, Fender, Roland, Mesa. This amp has a unique sound.. What I would describe as a clean sound with a biting growl. It sounds great without any pedals, which I think is a base standard for any good amp. It is 15 watts, so it's not going to be an amp you'd want to use if it's going to be used solo for a large venue. You'd want a AC 30 for that. But if you are looking for an amp for small gigs miced to a PA, this will do the job. It weighs about 50 pounds, so it's not light but far lighter than an AC 30. The fit and finish is impeccable. Feels very solid and well made and looks great with the British racing green cover. If you're buying a first amp to play metal licks I would recommend a Roland Cube.. But this AC 15 can pull off just about anything else and do it with style. It's a classic amp!
Best Uses
Comments about Vox Custom AC15 15W Tube Guitar Combo Amp with Celestion Greenback:
I bought this amp today.
I have been searching a vox amp since many years ago, i didn't like vox ac30 and when I saw this ac15 in green color i just needed to give it a chance!
The amp has a few options, i like to use it in the boost section because I can use treble, bass and mid EQ... Reverb is very nice and also the tremolo is beautiful! Very warm tone!, in my experience you can play cool bluesy stuff and beautiful clean and shimmer chords and melodies.
If you crank the amp you can get a nice overdrive but in my opinion an overdrive pedal would be better... If you want to use a distortion pedal you would need to try a lot of them because in my experience vox amps are not so good to mix with distortion pedals (Bogner red channel pedal fits cool)
Also if you find a double footswitch you can turn on/off reverb and tremolo.
This amps is just 15 watts but is very loud, definitely you could use it live and also you can plug a bigger cabinet on it.
Is a very light amp, and the price is great too so TRY IT
Best Uses
Comments about Vox Custom AC15 15W Tube Guitar Combo Amp with Celestion Greenback:
This thing sounds GREAT! Excellent tone and killer good looks!
Our product catalog varies by country due to manufacturer restrictions. If you change the Ship-To country, some or all of the items in your cart may not ship to the new destination.


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Citrus Lane: Score a Box of Baby Care Items for Only $12.50 + FREE Shipping (Regularly $25!)
This Hip2Save.com Deal was hand-posted on Thursday, October 17th, 2013 at 6:24 pm.
The most recent Citrus Lane box that was sent out (for around the 3 to 6 month ages) included a Rattle roller from Green Tones, Dive Bath Appliques from Boon, Ez Grip Massaging Teether and Rattle from Innobaby, Little Yums from Plum organics, and Gripe Water from Mommy's Bliss… pretty sweet for just $12.50 shipped!
With that being said, if you have yet to take advantage of this *HOT* offer, here is yet another chance! New Citrus Lane customers can score a box of baby care products from CitrusLane.com for only $12.50 + FREE shipping (regularly $25!) – 50% off the regular price! Just enter the promo code BLOGSAVE during checkout. This seems like a great deal since you are getting a nice assortment of baby care items (like toys, baby food, and personal care items) to try out for just $12.50 plus FREE shipping!
To get in on this *HOT* offer, head here, click on the blue "Get a Box" button, select the Monthly Subscription option (on the left), enter your email and additional info, then select if you'd like a girl, boy, or neutral box and proceed to checkout. Enter promo code BLOGSAVE to see the 50% off discount applied and then enter your payment info. That's it! The November boxes are available and will ship between November 17th and November 22nd.
*BLOGSAVE can only be applied to monthly subscription purchases by new Citrus Lane customers. It cannot be applied to 3-, 6-, 12-month packages, or gift subscriptions. Subscriptions automatically renew to full retail price, $25 per month. You may cancel anytime.
27 Hip Readers Commented
Love Citrus lane and would really love if someone would use my link I used someones last time this offer came up:)
Get $10 credit towards your multi month subscription when u sign up through my link https://www.citruslane.com/invitedby/ana.husk.1940992
Use code BLOGSAVE at checkout for this offer !
i ordered my first box last month with a promo code… it was 12.50 but i got 1000 swagbucks back so it ended up being only 2.50. my box for an almost 2 yr old
a wooden train whistle, a net bath toy, a mini mag and 2 mini ice packs. i wont say that i didnt get my moneys worth, but i wasnt a big fan of the stuff either. i will cancel after this box.
I would greatly appreciate it if someone would use my link!
Citrus lane is great!!
Thanks so much!!
We got a box for 2 year old girl. It had musical instrument toy from hohner kids, lil snack size bag of chips from bops, twinkles to go octopus by cloud b( love this thing!!!), "ladybug" magazine and 3 months of free digital magazine subscription. I think it was great for $12.50 and well worth it.
Can somebody please use our link so that we can order next months box with some discount :) you will also receive $10 towards your next box if you use the link :) https://www.citruslane.com/invitedby/Alla.Twins.1191052 thank you!!!!
I used your link.
If anyone wants to use my invite, feel free! Thanks :)
Can't wait to see what comes in November box for the holidays. Would love for someone to use my link. If you have another box you currently use send me a email and I'll try it out if it sounds good.
jeniferrobertson417 at gmail.com
just used your link! if anyone wants to return the favor my referral link:
jennifer, i recommend kiwicrate.com it is such a cute craft subscription box for kids. you get $10 off with my referral link:
Does anyone have experience ordering a box for a 4 year old? I am wondering if my son would like this stuff. We have a lot of Green toys and Melissa and Doug stuff, so I am considering! Thanks in advance! :)
Yes my first box was for my almost 4 year old we got a lunch box voucher for a free outfit a happy food snack bar a book and a bowling kit to make at home. For only $12.5 I'd think it would be good to try. Not sure if we will do it after next month just with funds but excited to see the holiday box. https://www.citruslane.com/invitedby/citrus.lane.688837
I have a 3 year old and I look at the spoilers and blogs for older kids :) We love it! We always get really high quality products and try new items from both new and favorite brands. This month 3 and 4 year old kids (both boy and girl) got the brand new CloudB night light. Please use my link! https://www.citruslane.com/invitedby/citrus.lane.584602
I used Michelle's link above. If you would like to use my link I added it here. Thank you!
I got a box for my almost 4yo daughter and I got the box that Collin posted the last time they ran the $12.50 deal. It included a three compartment plastic lunch container with stickers, a M&D wooden dancer to decorate with glitter/ jewels/etc., a little bag of dried bananas and an instant cold pack. The ballerina craft is probably the only thing I would have purchased so I cancelled.
If someone could use my link I would greatly appreciate it! :)
How is it to cancel?
Favorite part about this one is you can cancel or pause your membership online no need to call in. You can also elected to skip a month. Would love if you could use my link. thanks!!
Jenifer I used your referral link. I would love it if someone would use mine as well!
I would really appreciate it if anyone went through my link, I am expecting a baby girl in December and love getting these boxes each month with things for her once she arrives.
I used your link. Not sure how it works, though! My referral code is https://www.citruslane.com/invitedby/Elyse.Moore.22404 Please use this if signing up to try it!
I used yours! Thank you. If anyone wants to use mine I'd love it:
Cancelling is easy, done online. And since cancelling I have received email offers for buy a box get the next month free! I may start back up for the holidays! Please use my link if your interested in giving it a try
Thank you!
I had cancelled for the August box and they sent me a code for 2 boxes for $25 for Sept. they also sent me another code for 2 boxes for $25 for Oct (the codes were because they wanted me to subscribe again). The free box was the previous months box but not a bad deal especially for Christmas donations. Not sure if anyone has experienced this. We are going to keep getting the boxes thru Dec. because they are just so nice.
I'm super excited to try out Citrus Lane! I would really appreciate if someone used my link! Thanks! :)
Just want to make sure Collin. Do you get credit if we click on your link? Also what age does it go up to? Thanks.
Here's my link https://www.citruslane.com/invitedby/Ashley.Nebeker.2241412. Thanks for using it!


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Seeing Chris Pine Shirtless is a site to see and we've got a sexy picture to share with you. Pine was in New Zealand filming the movie Z for Zachariah on [February 25] when this picture was snapped of the super-hot actor, as reported by Just Jared.
Z for Zachariah is Sci-Fi flick staring Chris Pine that is scheduled for release is 2015, according to IMDB. This would not be the first Sci-Fi flick for the blue eyed Pine. In 2009, he gained mega-watt celebrity status when he debuted in the rebooted Star Trek¸ taking on the role of Captain James T. Kirk.
Be sure to check out our page on Chris Pine – an actor who has become a big-time favorite of straight and gay fans alike!
Posted on 3/7/14