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NIH Research Matters
April 2008 Archive
April 28, 2008
Seasonal Viruses May Flow from Tropical Sources
Influenza virus strains that cause seasonal flu in temperate climates may emerge anew from tropical regions each year, according to a new study. Understanding how flu viruses evolve and spread is essential for making more effective future flu vaccines.
Brain Responds to Changes in Social Standing
Scientists have identified brain regions that react to changes in how people perceive their social ranking. The findings could have implications for understanding how health and behavior are affected by social status.
How Eyes See More Than Images
New research shows that a particular kind of cell in the eye is crucial for light-related functions other than seeing. Mice without the cells can still see, but their pupils dont constrict or dilate normally, and their circadian rhythms dont change with the light cycles in their environment. A better understanding of these separate modes of light detection may eventually help people with sleep problems or seasonal depression.
April 21, 2008
Rare Mutations Can Keep Blood Pressure Low
Scientists have identified rare variations in 3 genes that can protect against hypertension and its consequences, such as stroke, kidney disease and heart failure.
Uncovering Factors That Influence Premature Infant Health
Researchers have identified several factors that influence an extremely low birth weight infant's chances for survival and disability. The findings will help physicians and families to choose the most appropriate treatments.
Understanding How Heart Muscle Forms
Synchronized pulsing of heart muscle cells allows the heart to pump blood through the body. A new study has identified a protein that helps organize the structures that produce the contractions in these cells.
April 14, 2008
Blood Protein Levels Associated with Asthma Risk
A new study links variants in a gene to the risk for developing asthma. The variants affect levels of a protein that can be measured in blood, raising the possibility that asthma risk could one day be measured with a simple blood test.
Studies Link Genetic Variants to Lung Cancer
Smoking has long been recognized as the major cause of lung cancer. But now 3 separate research teams have identified variations in a genetic region that can also greatly raise the risk for developing this deadly disease. The findings may help to explain why some smokers develop lung cancer while others do not.
Benefits From Lower Cholesterol and Blood Pressure Targets
Lower cholesterol and blood pressure target levels may help adults with type 2 diabetes to prevent or even reverse hardening of their arteries, according to new research.
April 7, 2008
Rare Genetic Glitches May Raise Schizophrenia Risk
Rare deletions and duplications in a person's genetic makeup may significantly increase the risk for developing schizophrenia, according to a new study. Most of the mutations are so unusual that researchers spotted them only in one person or a single family.
Older Corneas Prove Suitable for Transplantation
Corneas donated by people as old as 75 years of age should be made available for transplantation, according to findings from a new study. Corneal transplants from older donors were found to have similar rates of survival to those from younger donors.
Gene Variants Affect Human Stress Resilience
Inherited genetic variations that affect an anxiety-reducing molecule help explain why some people can withstand stress better than others, according to a new study.
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- Is smoking tobacco really addictive?
- Why do people start smoking?
- How many people use tobacco?
- What in tobacco smoke is harmful?
- How does tobacco smoke affect the lungs?
- Does smoking tobacco affect your heart?
- How does smoking affect pregnant women and their babies?
- What are some of the short- and long-term effects of smoking tobacco?
- Is secondhand (environmental) tobacco smoke dangerous?
- How does tobacco use affect the economy?
- What's being done to protect people from the hazards of smoking?
- Are spit tobacco and snuff safe alternatives to smoking?
- What are the health risks of smoking pipes or cigars?
- What about electronic cigarettes? Aren't they safe?
- Is dissolvable tobacco safe?
- What about more exotic forms of smoking tobacco, such as clove cigarettes, bidis, and hookahs?
- What can I do to help with any damage that may have been caused by smoking?
- Can quitting really help a lifelong smoker?
- How do people quit tobacco?
- To learn more
- References
Previous Topic
Is smoking tobacco really addictive?
Next Topic
How many people use tobacco?
Why do people start smoking?
Most people start smoking as teens. Those who have friends and/or parents who smoke are more likely to start smoking than those who don't. Some teens say that they "just wanted to try it," or they thought it was "cool" to smoke.
The tobacco industry's ads, price breaks, and other promotions for its products are a big influence in our society. The tobacco industry spends billions of dollars each year to create and market ads that show smoking as exciting, glamorous, and safe.
Despite the fact that cigarette brand product placement in movies was banned by the 1998 Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement, cigarettes appeared in 2 out of 3 box office hit movies in 2005 – more than one-third of the movies were youth-rated films. The number of movies with tobacco-related scenes has gone down since 2005. But in 2010, more than 30% of top-grossing movies rated G, PG, and PG-13 had tobacco scenes. The numbers of movies showing smokers started going up again in 2011 and 2012. And studies show that young people who see smoking in movies are more likely to start smoking. The 2014 Surgeon General Report stated that cutting back smoking in movies aimed at youth (from 275 exposures per year down to 10 or less) could reduce teen smoking as much as 18%.
Another common way youth are exposed to tobacco is through the Internet, a largely unregulated source of entertainment. The effect the Internet has on teen smoking is an area of research interest.
TV ads for smoking have been banned for many years, but films that show tobacco brands are much more likely to include smoking scenes as part of their TV trailers. This undercuts the intent of the TV ad ban.
Who is most likely to become addicted?
Anyone who starts using tobacco can become addicted to nicotine. Studies show that smoking is most likely to become a habit during the teen years. The younger a person is when they begin to smoke, the more likely they are to become addicted to nicotine.
According to the 2012 Surgeon General's Report, very few people start smoking after age 25. Nearly 9 out of 10 adult smokers started by age 18, and 99% started by age 26. But a trend noted in 2012 suggests that more people 18 and older are becoming smokers. It seems that some people are postponing this habit, but the reasons for this are not clear.
Last Medical Review: 02/13/2014
Last Revised: 02/13/2014

subset: commoncrawl


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black leather 'Air.Barrett' rubber lug loafers
designer's notes
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color: Black Smooth leather upper Rounded moc toe Buckle detail along vamp Welt seam at heel Padded leather insole with Nike Air technology Rubber lug sole �'' heel Approximate measurements taken from a size 9, and may vary by size This item cannot be shipped outside of the United States. Leather / Rubber; Imported; style# 305016202


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IPL is back after two days break and is all set for fresh battle between Royal Challengers Bangalore and Chennai Super Kings. Both teams have heavyweight players in their ranks and absorbing contest is on cards. We take a look at some of the duels within the main event that can make things appealing
Yuvraj Singh vs. Mohit Sharma
Yuvraj Singh is back with a bang and there is every reason that CSK should fear this stylish southpaw. Yuvraj is getting into his zone rather he is there now. One man MS Dhoni will look to deliver punch against Yuvraj is Mohit Sharma. He has been Dhoni's workhorse in tough situations and will once again be called up to do the task. Yuvraj in last two matches has belted the fast bowlers so this will be the duel worth watching.
AB de Villiers vs. Ravi Ashwin
AB de Villiers is considered as a complete package batsman. He has every stroke in the book be it traditional or unorthodox. He has already won RCB few games and will be all pumped up for this crucial tie. Ravi Ashwin may not have been a regular feature in wickets column but he has managed to contain batsmen in most of the matches. AB de Villiers favours leg side and will be interesting to see if Ashwin continues to bow his leg stump channel or not.
Yuzvendra Chahal vs. Suresh Raina
Yuzvendra has been the stand-out performer for RCB with the ball. He has provided team with regular breakthroughs and has been economical as well. Chahal is not afraid of taking on big names and will be once again out there to puzzle Suresh Raina who plays spin pretty well. Raina has not been in best of his touch and that gives Chahal an upper-hand but will he maintain it?


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The excitement over California Chrome's run for horse-racing's Triple Crown is a reminder that investing, in its own way, is a gamble, and that picking a mutual fund is remarkably similar to picking the ponies.
While some people pick funds and horses based on names, hunches, and other guesswork, examining a fund the way a savvy bettor observes a thoroughbred improves your odds of finishing in the money. This week, as fans talked about whether to go with California Chrome or to bet on the field to ruin yet another Triple Crown bid, the parallels between picking funds and horses and structuring wagers and fund picks again became obvious.
In funds as in horse racing, favorites don't always win. Past champions can come up lame, slow with age or simply not keep pace as conditions change.
Thinking about funds the way a bettor evaluates the ponies may help you feel confident, like you're not taking a gamble so much as picking a sure thing. Whether you are a stock jockey, a gambler or an ordinary investor just trying to make a solid choice, weigh these factors to pick your next investment horse:
Length of the race and style of the horse
Some funds — like horses — are bred for sprints, others for distance.
Investing is a lot like playing the ponies
Chuck Jaffe explains how excitement over California Chrome's run for horse racing's Triple Crown is a reminder that investing, in its own way, is a gamble, and that picking a mutual fund is remarkably similar to picking the ponies. Photo: Getty Images.
Concentrated, leveraged and specialized funds often act like speed horses, running up big early leads before faltering down the stretch; the longer the race — in this case, your investment time frame — the tougher it is for them to hang on.
Conversely, some funds only go to the front of the pack late in the race, when more trendy styles are faltering. They may not look good in the early running or in all conditions, but they wind up in the winner's circle if you give them enough time.
Pick funds that match your investment personality and keep you feeling like you have a chance. Unlike a horse race, you can change funds as they round the turn and head for home, but studies show that the longer you stay in the saddle and the less jockeying you do, the more likely your fund gambles will pay off.
The jockey
Like a jockey, a fund's manager must take advantage of opportunities. As an investor, you can choose a proven winner, an up-and-comer, an unknown, or no real rider at all (as in an index fund).
The field
In any horse race, the size and quality of the field is a factor. In funds, the field is every offering within an asset class. If you can't find funds you'd bet on in a category, skip that race and stick with more attractive groupings; you don't have to bet every race to be a winner.
Track conditions


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GRANDVILLE, Mich. (WZZM) -- A group of Grandville elementary school students had close-up view of Thursday's protests against right-to-work legislation at the State Capitol.
Kim Shilton was one of the chaperones of her son's fourth grade class during a visit to the Capitol. Shilton's son, Liam, attends West Elementary in Grandville.
Shilton sent video to WZZM 13, showing the students receiving a lesson about the history of the Capitol building -- all while opponents of right-to-work legislation chanted while lining the balcony of the rotunda.
WZZM 13 is talking to Shilton and her son about their up-close civics lesson. We will hear from them on WZZM 13 News at 11 p.m.


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Faculty Publications 1995
Bengtson, David A. SEE also: Bisbal, Gustavo A.
Bengtson, David A. and Diane S . Henshel, Editors. Environmental Toxicolocfy and Risk Assessment: Biomarkers and Risk Assessment Fifth Volume. ASTM. 1995.
Bengtson, David. "Summer Flounder Culture: An Update on Research and the Development of an Industry (Abstract)." Journal of Shellfish Research. 14: 239. 1995,
Berlinsky, David L. SEE also: Specker, Jennifer L.
Berlinsky, David L., Mary C. Fabrizio, John F. O 'Brien and Jennifer L. Specker. "Age at Maturity Estimates for Atlantic Coast Female Striped Bass." Transactions of the American Fisheries Society. 124:207-215. 1995.
Berlinsky, David L., Leslie F. Jackson, Theodore I. J. Smith and Craig V. Sullivan. "The Annual Reproductive Cycle of the White Bass Morone Chrysops. " Journal of the World Aquacultural Society . 26 (3):252. 1995.
Bisbal, Gustavo A. and David A. Bengtson. "Description of the Starving Condition in Summer Flounder, Paralichthys dentatus, Early Life Stages." Fishery Bulletin. 93(2):217-230. 1995.
Bisbal, G. A. and D. A. Bengston. "Development of the Digestive Tract in Larval Summer Flounder. " Journal of Fish Biology. 47:277-291. August 1995.
Bisbal, Gustavo A. and David A. Bengtson. "Effects of Delayed Feeding on Survival and Growth of Summer Flounder PARALTCHTHYS DENTATUS Larvae." Marine Ecology Progress Series. 121:301-306. May 25, 1995.
Bullock, Robert C. SEE also: Franz, C. J.
Bullock, R. C. "The Distribution of the Molluscan Fauna Associated With the Intertidal Coralline Algal Turf of a Partially Submerged Volcanic Crater, the Ilheur de Vita Franca, Sao Miguel, Azores." IN: A. M. F. Martins., Ed. Proceedings of the Second International Workshop of Malcology and Marine Biology, Sao Miquel, Azores. Acoreano, Suppl. 1955.
Campbell, Josie, Dorothy Donnelly and Gabriele Kass-Simon. "Letter to the Editor." AAUP News. XXII(4):6. December 4, 1995.
Cobb, J. Stanley. SEE also: Crawford, Brian R.; Educating Coastal Managers.
Cobb, J. Stanley. "Building Capacity for Coastal Management at Universities." IN: Educating Coastal Managers: Proceedings of the Rhode Island Workshop, March 4 10, 1995. Editors: Brian R. Crawford, J. Stanley Cobb and Chou Loke Ming. Coastal Resources Management Project. (CRC Technical Report No. 2089) 1995. p.102-109.
Cobb, J. Stanley. "Interface of Ecology, Behavior, and Fisheries." IN: Biology of the Lobster, Homarus americanus. J. Factor, ed, Academic Press. 1995. p..139-151.
Cobb, J. Stanley, Co Editor. The Lobster Newsletter. Vol. 8, 1995.
Cobb, J. Stanley. "Lobsters: Assessing the Damage. " Maritimes. 38(3):l. 1995.
Costantino, Robert F. SEE also: Dennis, Brian.
Costantino, R. F. , J. M. Cushing, Brian Dennis and Robert A. Desharnais. "Experimentally Induced Transitions in the Dynamic Behavior of Insect Population." Nature (London). 375(6528):227-230. May 1995.
Crawford, Brian R. and J. S. Cobb. "Educating Coastal Managers: Results of a Workshop." IN: Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the 9th 1995 Symposium on Coastal Zone. ASCE. 1995. p.326-327.
Dennis, Brian, Robert A. Desharnais, J. M. Cushing and R. F. Costantino. "Nonlinear Demographic Dynamics: Mathematical Models, Statistical Methods ' and Biological Experiments." Ecological. Monographs. 65(3):261-281. August 1995.
Donnelly, Dorothy F., Gabriele Kass-Simon and Josie P Campbell. "Letter to the Editor." AAUP News. XXI (7):7. March 20, 1995.
Educating Coastal Managers; Proceedings of the Rhode Island Workshop: March 4 10, 1995. Editors: Brian R. Crawford, J. Stanley Cobb and Chou Loke Ming. Coastal Resources Management Project. (CRC Technical Report No. 2089) 1995. 170p.
Franz, C. J. and R. C. Bullock. "A Taxonomic Survey of the Marine Limpets ["llapas"I (Mollusca, Gastropoda) of Isla de Margarita, Nueva Esporta, Venezuela. " Memoria, Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle. 53(140):91-132. 1995.
Goldsmith, Marian R. SEE also: Shi, Jinrui; Wilikins, Adam S.; Willis, Judith H.
Goldsmith, Marian R. "Genetics of the Silkworm: Revisiting an Ancient Model System." IN: Goldsmith, Marian R. and Adam S. Wilkins, Editor. Molecular Model Systems in the Lepidoptera. Cambridge University Press. 1995. p. 21-76.
Goldsmith, Marian R. and Adam S. Wilkins, Editor. Molecular Model Systems in the Lepidoptera. Cambridge University Press. 1995. 542p.
Goldsmith, Marian R , Editorial Board. Seriologica. 1995.
Heppner, Frank. "URI Calendar Change Defended (Letter)." Narragansett Times. February 15, 1995. p.19A.
Hill, Robert B. and Henry Huddart. "Actions of GTP on Molluscan Buccal, Cardiac, and Visceral Smooth Muscle." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. C. 111(3):389-396 1995.
Hill, R. B., Advisory Board. Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiolggy. Vol.165, 1995.
Hill, Robert B., Editorial Board. Zoological Science. 1995.
Johanning, Karla M. and Jennifer L. Specker. "Characterization of Yolk Proteins During Oocyte Development of Tilapia, Oreochromia Mossambicus. " Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology. 112(2):177-189. October 1995.
Kass Simon, Gabriele. SEE; Campbell, Josie; Donnelly, Dorothy F.
Return to Faculty Publications
1995 Table of Contents.
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Chapter 1:Planning, monitoring and evaluation for development results
Chapter 2: Planning for results: Practical applications
Chapter 3: Planning for monitoring and evaluation
Chapter 4: Monitoring for results
Chapter 5: Evaluating for results
Chapter 6: Initiating and managing an evaluation
Chapter 7: Assuring the quality of evaluation design and methodology
Chapter 8: Enhancing the use of knowledge from monitoring and evaluation
5.3. Types of evaluation in UNDP
Mandated Responsibility for Evaluation
Evaluation Type
Strategic Plan
Programme Areas (e.g. governance, South-South cooperation)
Thematic Areas or Topics
Programme Evaluations
Global, Regional or Country Programme Outcomes
UNDAF Outcomes
Global Programme
Regional Programme
Country Programme
Evaluations conducted by Evaluation Office *
Evaluation Office
Thematic evaluations
Evaluation of Global Cooperation Framework
Evaluation of Regional Cooperation Framework
Assessment of Development Results
Primary users
Executive Board, UNDP management
Executive Board, UNDP management, BDP
Executive Board, UNDP management, regional bureaus
Executive Board, UNDP management, country office, national partners
Evaluations Commissioned by Programme Units**
Cross- programme area evaluations
Outcome or outcome-oriented thematic evaluations
Outcome or outcome-oriented thematic
Mid-term evaluation
Outcome or outcome-oriented evaluations
Project evaluations
Regional bureaux
Mid-term evaluation
Other units ***
Country offices
Mid-term or end of cycle evaluation
Project evaluations
UNDAF evaluation
Primary users
Management and partners
Management and partners
Management partners, donors
*The Evaluation Office is required to conduct all evaluations outlined in the programme of work approved the Executive Board.
**Programme units are required to conduct all evaluations planned in their evaluation plan.
*** Other units with programmatic responsibilities such as the Bureau of Management and the Partnership Bureau, as relevant.
Outcome evaluations in UNDP assess UNDP contributions towards the progress made on outcome achievements. These outcomes are generally identified in the programme or project results frameworks to which UNDP initiatives contribute.
Outcome evaluations are undertaken to:
Outcome evaluations are strategic, addressing: broad-based linkages with development; partnerships across agencies; analysis of the external local, regional and global environment in the analysis of success; and the comparative value of UNDP and significance in development. Another distinct characteristic of outcome evaluations is that they explicitly recognize the role of partners in the attainment of those outcomes and provide critical information for the purpose of enhancing development effectiveness and assisting decision and policy making beyond a particular project or initiative. Outcome evaluations also provide a substantive basis for higher level evaluations (e.g. UNDAF evaluations) and independent evaluations conducted by the Evaluation Office. Therefore, the conduct of outcome evaluations during the programme cycle is mandatory for all programme units in UNDP.
As UNDP works in a wide range of development contexts and situations, the requirements for outcome evaluations can be fulfilled through different arrangements. For instance, joint evaluations, focusing on themes, large projects or geographical areas that address specific outcome(s) as pre-defined in planning documents (such as country, regional and global programme documents) may be considered as fulfilling requirements for outcome evaluations.
Whatever the arrangements may be, in order to meet the requirements for outcome evaluations, the evaluation must be outcome oriented. Outcome evaluations must meet the objectives to assess the following:
In consultation with relevant partners, UNDP programme units may decide which outcomes to choose and what modality to use in evaluation. The existing partnerships on the ground, the nature of the programme, planned evaluations by partners and government (so as to seek opportunities for joint evaluations) and other programme-specific factors may influence such decisions. For more details, please refer to the compendium on outcome evaluations.
UNDP programme units may commission evaluations of their respective projects as needed. Managing for results requires, as a starting point, a good knowledge of projects, their effectiveness, internal and external factors affecting effectiveness, their added value and their contribution to higher level outcomes. A project evaluation assesses the performance of a project in achieving its intended results. It yields useful information on project implementation arrangements and the achievement of outputs. It is at this level that direct cause and attribution can be addressed given the close causal linkage between the initiatives and the outputs.
The primary purpose of a project evaluation is to make improvements, to continue or upscale an initiative, to assess replicability in other settings, or to consider alternatives. Therefore, although project evaluations are mandatory only when required by partnership protocols, programme units are strongly recommended to commission evaluations, particularly of pilot programmes, before replication or upscaling, projects that are going into a next phase, and projects more than five years in duration. Increasingly, project evaluations play an important role in accountability to donors and governments involved in financing projects. For their own accountability reasons, donor agencies and other cost-sharing partners35 may request UNDP to include evaluation requirements in the UNDP-donor partnership agreements. Mid-term and final evaluations of Global Environment Facility projects are examples of project evaluations, as they are carried out within the clearly defined scope of a single project.36
When a project is undertaken in partnership with other development actors, the evaluation needs to take into consideration the objectives, inputs and contributions by each partner. The overall evaluation conclusions need to highlight how these different elements integrate to achieve the intended outputs, and what can be learned from the added value of the collaboration. Therefore, it is of central importance that UNDP and the partners involved in a project work together, voice their expectations and issues, and own the evaluation from the planning phase throughout the whole process.
There are several important differences between project evaluations and outcome evaluations, as illustrated in Table 22.
Project Evaluation
Outcome Evaluation
|Generally speaking, inputs, activities and outputs (if and how project outputs were delivered within a sector or geographic area and if direct results occurred and can be attributed to the project). (See note.)
|Outcomes (whether, why and how the outcome has been achieved, and the contribution of UNDP to a change in a given development situation).
Specific to project objectives, inputs, outputs and activities.
Broad, encompassing outcomes and the extent to which programmes, project, soft assistance, partners' initiatives and synergies among partners contributed to its achievement.
Project based, to improve implementation, to re-direct future projects in the same area or to allow for upscaling of project.
To enhance development effectiveness, to assist decision-making, to assist policy making, to re-direct future UNDP assistance, to systematize innovative approaches to sustainable human development.
Source: UNDP, Guidelines for Evaluators, 2002
Note: Large projects may have outcomes that can be evaluated. Further, small projects may also make tangible contributions to the achievement of CPD outcomes or even project-specific outcomes. In such instances, these project evaluations may be considered to be fulfilling requirements for outcome evaluations.
The increasing focus on outcome evaluations in UNDP does not mean that outcome evaluations have replaced project evaluations. Many programme units continue to undertake project evaluations because they yield useful information on project implementation arrangements, administrative structures and the achievement of outputs. Further, project evaluation provides a basis for the evaluation of outcomes and programmes, as well as for programme and thematic evaluations conducted by the Evaluation Office, and for distilling lessons from experience for learning and sharing knowledge.
To ensure the relevance and effective use of evaluation information, evaluations should be made available in a timely manner so that decision makers can make decisions informed by evaluative evidence.
In addition to project and outcome evaluations, senior managers of programme units may choose to commission thematic evaluations to assess UNDP performance in areas that are critical to ensuring sustained contribution to development results. They may focus on one or several cross-cutting themes that have significance beyond a particular project or initiative. Examples of thematic evaluations commissioned by programme units include the evaluation of UNDP initiatives in a particular results area, such as democratic governance, and the evaluation of a cross-cutting theme, such as capacity development or gender mainstreaming in UNDP programming in a given country.
Country offices may commission a country programme evaluation to assess UNDP attainment of intended results and contributions to national development results in a given country. The evaluation examines key issues that are similar to those in the ADRs, such as UNDP effectiveness in delivering and influencing the achievement of development results and UNDP strategic positioning. The country programme evaluation contributes to the greater accountability of UNDP and the quality assurance of UNDP initiatives at the country level. As in the ADR, it allows findings and recommendations to feed into the preparation of subsequent programmes. It can be used to facilitate dialogue with the government and other national partners and may also provide lessons that are useful for the government in its aid management work and its relationship with other development partners. Despite a number of similarities, country programme evaluations commissioned by country offices are distinct from the ADRs in terms of their scope and management arrangements. They are usually focused on a given programme cycle with a greater focus on performance at the project level. Further, decentralized country programme evaluations are commissioned by those responsible for programme management, as opposed to the independent Evaluation Office.
Similarly, regional bureaux and policy and practice units may decide to carry out mid-term evaluations of their respective regional and global programmes. These mid-term programme evaluations allow for mid-course adjustment of programmes and also feed into the regional and global programme evaluations that the Evaluation Office is mandated to conduct towards the end of the programme period.
An impact evaluation is an evaluation of the effects—positive or negative, intended or not—on individual households and institutions, and the environment caused by a given development activity such as a programme or project. Such an evaluation refers to the final (long-term) impact as well as to the (medium-term) effects at the outcome level.
By identifying if development assistance is working or not, impact evaluation also serves the accountability function. Hence, impact evaluation is aligned with RBM and monitoring the contribution of development assistance toward meeting the MDGs. An impact evaluation is useful when:
Impact evaluation does not simply measure whether objectives have been achieved or assess direct effects on intended beneficiaries. It includes the full range of impacts at all levels of the results chain, including ripple effects on families, households and communities, on institutional, technical or social systems, and on the environment. In terms of a simple logic model, there can be multiple intermediate (short and medium term) outcomes over time that eventually lead to impact—some or all of which may be included in an evaluation of impact at a specific moment in time.
This definition emphasizes the need for understanding the consequences of development initiatives in the longer term. Another important issue connected to impact evaluation is attribution—that is, determining to what extent an initiative, rather than other external factors, has contributed to observed impacts. There are many methods that can be applied to deal with the attribution issue. It is important that this issue be taken into account in the design of the initiative, as well as the evaluation ToR and design.37
UNDP programmes, projects and operations operate in concert to support UNDAF objectives and outcomes that address national priorities. The UNDAF describes the collective response of all UN operations in a country. While UNDP outcome evaluations focus on CPD outcomes, UNDAF evaluations focus on UNDAF outcomes, their contributions to national priorities and the coherence of UNCT support. The UNDAF evaluation is timed to provide inputs to the preparation of the next UNDAF, country programmes and projects by individual agencies. The UNDAF evaluation should take place at the beginning of the penultimate year of the programme cycle and build on UNDAF annual reviews as well as major studies and evaluations that have been completed by individual agencies. Although the results of the UNDAF evaluation are meant to contribute to managing for results, it is an external function, which should be separated from programme management. UNDAF monitoring and evaluation should always be aligned with existing national monitoring and evaluation systems or focus on their development and institutionalization if they are premature or absent.
The scope of the UNDAF evaluation depends on the previous evaluations and studies already conducted during the cycle and on the nature of UNCT operations in a country. UNDAF evaluations are jointly commissioned and managed by the heads of UN organizations and national governments. They are conducted by external consultants selected by mutual agreement between the United Nations and the government through a transparent and thorough selection process. The 2007 CCA and UNDAF Guidelines39 should be consulted for more information.
Evaluations defined by the initiative modality of development initiatives or level of results can be further defined by the timing. For example, a programme unit may undertake a final project evaluation or a mid-term UNDAF evaluation.
Real time evaluations are often undertaken at an early stage of an initiative to provide managers with timely feedback in order to make an immediate difference to the initiative. They are commonly applied in humanitarian or post-conflict contexts to provide implementing staff with the opportunity to analyse whether the initial response or recovery is appropriate in terms of desired results and process. They can also be used in crisis settings where there may be constraints in conducting lengthier evaluations. These constraints include the absence of baseline data, limited data collection efforts due to a rapid turnover of staff members (for example, lack of institutional memory) and difficulty conducting interviews and surveys due to security issues.
Joint evaluation is one modality of carrying out an evaluation to which different partners contribute. Any evaluation can be conducted as a joint evaluation. Increasingly, UNDP is engaged in joint evaluations and there are various degrees of 'jointness' depending on the extent to which individual partners cooperate in the evaluation process, merge their evaluation resources and combine their evaluation reporting.40
The joint evaluation approach became popular in the 1990s with the promotion of the approach through the DAC Principles for Evaluation of Development Assistance, which stated, "Joint donor evaluation should be promoted in order to improve understanding of each others' procedures and approaches and to reduce the administrative burden on the recipient."41 The Paris Declaration also reinforced the joint evaluation approach through the commitment made by development agencies and partner countries to find more effective ways of working together.42 Joint evaluations can be characterized by a number of benefits and challenges as shown in Box 29.
At the country level, one of the most obvious examples of a joint evaluation is the UNDAF evaluation, in which a number of UN organizations and the government participate. In addition, a UNDP country office may jointly carry out, together with the partner government or with a donor, a joint outcome evaluation that looks where both parties are mutually and equally responsible for the evaluation exercise. For guidance on how to organize and manage a joint evaluation process, see Chapter 6.
34. Meta-evaluation is an evaluation of evaluations. It uses findings from a series of evaluations and requires a robust quality assurance mechanism to ensure that the evaluations used as secondary data are credible and of good quality.
35. See section on mandatory evaluations on page 145.
36. The Global Environment Facility, 'Monitoring and Evaluation Policy', February, 2006, Available at: http://www.undp.org/gef/05/documents/me/GEF_ME_Policies_and_Precedures_06.pdf
37. Further materials on impact evaluation can be found on the World Bank website sections on Impact Evaluation (www.worldbank.org/impactevaluation) and Network of Networks on Impact Evaluation (www.worldbank.org/ieg/nonie/).
38. UNDG, 'CCA/UNDAF Monitoring and Evaluation Guidelines', 2007. Available at: http://www.undg.org/index.cfm?P=259.
40. OECD, 'Glossary of Key Terms in Evaluation and Results-based Management', Development Assistance Committee (DAC), Paris, France, 2002. Available at: http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/29/21/2754804.pdf.
42. OECD, 'DAC Guidance for Managing Joint Evaluations', Development Assistance Committee (DAC), Paris, France, 2006. Available at: http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/28/14/37484787.pdf.


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The Economic Society in Queensland runs a series of televised presentations whereby they get economists to talk about topical issues they are working on. Following Quiggin, Bhagwati and McKibbin, it was my turn a few weeks ago to talk about the Christian-Islamic conflict, the general problems in handling nation states, and the various issues surrounding Somalia in particular. Click on the picture and enjoy!
2 thoughts on "On failing states, Somalia, New Macau and the War on Terror"
I watched this this morning, and it is was interesting. I had a few random thoughts (hopefully I'm not repeating things here as I didn't manage to watch it uninterupted):
1) It would have been nice to have a slide or two at the start looking at some of your descriptors across failed states. It's currently unclear to what extent they are specific to certain groups or not (e.g., The North Korean government has a monopoly on violence), and to what extent you are obliged to have them to fail. At present, just using one or two examples doesn't capture any of that and it isn't clear what might be a core property of being a failed state and what might just be something that is common (this is really just a problem of categorizing things in complex domains).
2) It would be nice to add some poor countries we don't consider failed states on that slide too, so one could see the overlap in terms of descriptors.
3) It's hard ot know to what extent some of the descriptors are really inherent properties of failed states versus predictors of likely failure. For example, I imagine having organized groups and co-operation between them is going to be much harder in a failed state than otherwise, but you can imagine that countries that are temporarily like this might not have this problem (i.e., they'll be one of the first things to get fixed), so it might be some other property that leads to this, rather than this property leading to failure.
4) I imagine population pressures contribute a lot to failed states (and not just birth rate as you mentioned, but overall density), since in sparsely populated regions, there simply isn't so much reason to fight and destroy yourself. Alternatively, in very densely populated regions, there is.
Hi Conrad,
yes, all good points and many of them came up in the discussion.
1. As you say, this is about labels and I chose to define failing states via the lack of a monopoly of violence and the absence of a functioning public good provision. This means several countries were or are not yet failing states. Iraq pre invasion comes to mind. North Korea is surely a pest to its neighbours and as such is failing from their point of view, but it does not really match the notion of a region without a functioning state because, as you say, the center is very much in charge. So North Korea goes in another basket. Yet, a place like Pakistan does get close.
2. Yes, many poor places like Sri Lanka or Birma that one really should not see as failed states.
3. Sure, one could argue that, say, Turkey was a failed state just after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire but that it was never going to take long for them to reorganise and that it hence should not even in its collapsed state be termed a failed one. Still, its too hard and too ambitious to try and define states in terms of things they might or might not be moving towards. To some extent though, the term failing state is just a label of convenience to describe a particular set of countries we the West now have issues with. So it is really more that set (Mali, Afghanistan, Somalia, etc.) that determines what should be in the definition rather than the other way around.
4. Yes, many parts of the discussion were about your implicit proposition that several countries are in a Malthuisian trap wherein people are so poor due to population pressure that cooperation breaks down and it becomes a free-for-all. I am ambiguous on this point because a lot of the countries concerned are in fact very sparcely populated: Somalia has just 10 million people in a huge area. Surely they could feed several times that with better technology. Same holds for Afghanistan. Hence, whilst population pressure is surely in the mix I would primarily see the problems they have as an issue of human organisation rather than that they are at some hard technological constraint.


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Brian Goetz
Brian Goetz has been a professional software developer for the past 17 years. He is a Principal Consultant at Quiotix, a software development and consulting firm located in Los Altos, California, and he serves on the JCP Expert Groups for JSR 107 (Java Caching API) and 166 (Concurrency Utilities), and has published numerous articles on Java development in popular industry publications.
JSR 133 produced a formal mathematical specification for the semantics of synchronized, volatile, and final. It provides the foundation for (finally) delivering on Java's promise of being able to develop write-once, run-anywhere concurrent applications.
Java's support for multithreading and concurrency has often perplexed developers by only exposing the low-level details of wait(), notify(), synchronized blocks, et. al. But as Brian Goetz describes, JSR 166 will bring a number of concurrency conveniences to J2SE.


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Dog of the Month : Page 5
Vote for your favorite dog in the contest and the winners will have dog beds donated to their local shelter on their behalf.
June 2012
Athena Sunning her Tummy I rescued Athena when she was 4 years and had to put her to sleep recently at 12 years. She was a happy, silly, loving pit bull mix. She loved the sun and rolling around on her back on her Kuranda bed. She would sometimes fall asleep in that pose.
May 2012
Sleeping like a baby!
April 2012
Second Place: Sleepy Girl Skye.
Third Place: Nick & Lee-Lee.
March 2012
I just LOVE my Kuranda! Dazzle is a one-year-old, blue merle, Australian Shepherd who looks forward to the coziness of her Kuranda every night! Just what she needs after a hard day of herding poultry and chasing her older Aussie "sisters" around!
February 2012
We love Kuranda! Our 8 month old Great Dane, Bella, was somewhat hesitant to check out her new bed. After I sat down, you can see she obviously fell in love. When our 95lb puppy jumps onto her Kuranda it's like a mini trampoline. Hilarious!
January 2012
Belle! Belle is a 2 year old rescue dog. She just loves lounging around on her new Kuranda bed! She also loves that is can be rinsed off in a flash and taken inside to her favorite room. This bed will definitely be around for a long time!
December 2011
Sharing is Caring I had originally purchased my pup's Kuranda bed to help alleviate his knees, he was diagnosed with grade 2 luxating patella. Little did I know that he would have to share his bed with the cat.
November 2011
Guard Dog I'm Not! I received this picture from the company painting the outside of our house. He thought this was so cute he forwarded me this picture from his phone. We have two labs and three Kuranda beds – as you can see – they love them.
October 2011
Laika on her bed Laika is 10yrs old, I adopted her from a shelter. I am the Animal Control Officer for a small community and Laika comes to work everyday, she likes to lay under my desk, so I bought her a Kuranda bed due to arthritis in both hips.
September 2011
Napping in AZ sun! Mickey is a 14 year old Jack Russell Terrier. During the winter & spring months, he loves to soak up the warm AZ sun on his Kuranda Dog Bed.


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Summit: The Attorneys General Settlement and Communities of Color
Center for Global Policy Solutions
Wednesday, February 27, 2013 from 9:30 AM to 12:00 PM (EST)
Event Details
The National Mortgage Settlement, an agreement between 49 state attorneys general, was designed to provide up to $25 billion in relief to borrowers in eligible states who lost their homes to foreclosure. This summit will explore this landmark settlement in the context of ongoing issues facing communities of color, a group hardest hit by deceptive mortgage lending practices.
The event will also be live streamed at:www.nclr.org/mortgagesettlement
Keynote Address:
Joseph A. Smith, Jr., monitor, the Office of Mortgage Settlement Oversight
Also featuring a panel discussion with civil rights and community leaders from across the nation, including:
- Drew Astolfi, state director, Faith Action for Community Equity - Hawaii
- Aracely Panameno, director of Latino affairs, Center for Responsible Lending
- Mark Seifert, executive director, Empowering and Strengthening Ohio's People - Cleveland
Note: Light breakfast will be available at 9:00am.
When & Where
Constance Milstein and Family Global Academic Center
1307 L St NW
Wednesday, February 27, 2013 from 9:30 AM to 12:00 PM (EST)
Add to my calendar
Center for Global Policy Solutions
The Center for Global Policy Solutions is a social change nonprofit that is dedicated to making policy work for people and their environments by advancing innovative and effective solutions to our world's most critical challenges. For more information, visit www.globalpolicysolutions.org.
The Center for Global Policy Solutions manages the Closing the Racial Wealth Gap Initiative in collaboration with the Insight Center for Community Economic Development and with generous support from the Ford Foundation.


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Buck And Coop's Daily Podcast (01.02.13)
January 2, 2013 6:36 PM
The Coop Show Read More
Happy New Year from Buck and Coop! Buck and Coop want to help share the start of this new year with a chance at giving you your very own iPad mini! They gave one away today by exchanging someone's crappy gift. You can learn how you can win tomorrow by listening to today's podcast!
Also, if you missed the show, you really missed out! The guys talked about a ton of crazy things that happened while they were away!
To listen to the podcast on your mobile device, click HERE
To listen to the podcast on your mobile device, click HERE


text: http://ubuntuforums.org – Hello, I use VMware Workstation with Ubuntu Server. But after having searched for this for more then 10 hours i figured its time to make a topic. My problem is that i can ping www.anything.com and also use "host" and "trace route" on everything. But as soon as i try to wget or apt-get update or install, nothing happens. Things i have tried so far: - Use VMware Server instead of Workstation - Ubuntu Desktop instead of Server version - Configure OpenDNS as the DNS etc. - Bridged instead of my preferred NAT - Firewall off on host OS - Disabled IPV6 in Grub bootloader - Static and DHCP ip addresses I tried the NAT static way like this (preferred): /etc/network/interfaces auto eth1 iface eth1 inet static address 192.168.205.90 gateway 192.168.205.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 192.168.205.0 broadcast 192.168.205.255 The bridged method with these settings: auto eth1 iface eth1 inet static address 192.168.1.111 gateway 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 192.168.1.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255 Both with these DNS settings: /etc/resolv.conf nameserver 18.104.22.168 nameserver 18.104.22.168 But all of the above didnt work out for me. I hope someone knows a solution to my problem. I can also ping to the apt-get resources its trying to update from. Nigel (HowTos)


text: Joe V's rendition of a Christmas classic [ Is Our Producer the Worst Singer of All-Time? [AUDIO] By Bill Doyle December 12, 2013 I'm pretty sure we had front row seats to the worst performance in New Jersey's rich musical history. Read More|Comment Category: Christmas, Deminski & Doyle, Host Videos, Talking About . . . Tags: bad covers, Christmas Songs, Mariah Carey, Newsletter Send to a friend! Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Pin it! Reddit This! Share on Tumblr!


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As wrangling continues between President Barack Obama and House Republicans about exactly how to avoid the fiscal cliff, the U.S. Treasury Department will hit its $16.4 trillion debt ceiling In February.
Analyst Chris Krueger at Guggenheim Securities' Washington Research Group recently suggested that to avoid a default sometime in February, the Proof Platinum Coin Seigniorage (PPCS) might be considered.
PPCS involves minting proof platinum coins with arbitrarily high face values, depositing them at the Fed, receiving electronic credits equal to the face value of the coins from the Fed, and then having Treasury sweep the profits in the Treasury General Account, where they could be used to redeem debt held by the Fed, debt held by Trust Funds and government agencies, and debt held by the non-government sector including domestic investors and foreign government and investments.
In an article published on the www.ourfuture.org website, author Joseph M. Firestone, writes, "It is important to emphasize that the capability to use PPCS, and to pay off the national debt, lies with the Executive Branch."
Yale Law School Professor Jack Balkin, who raised the concept in a 2011 CNN News report, arguing "jumbo coin" strategies would work "because modern central banks don't have to print bills or float debt to create new money; they just add money to their customers' checking accounts."
"The theory goes that the U.S. Mint would create a handful of trillion dollar (or more) platinum coins. The President would then order the coins deposited at the Fed, who would then put the coin(s) in the Treasury who can now pay all their bills and a default is removed from the equation," according to Krueger.
However, Krueger acknowledged," The effects on the currency market and inflation are unclear, to say the least. You would also likely trigger a wave of lawsuits similar to the Constitution Option and create two tranches of treasuries."
"Both this option and the Constitutional Option are VERY low probability options," Krueger stressed. The Constitutional Option would allow President Obama to invoke the 14th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution and unilaterally raise the debt ceiling.
James Pethokoukis at the American Enterprise Institute also suggests that PPCS would have a negative impact on inflation.
"I like it," Joseph Gagnon of the Peterson Institute for International Economics, recently told the Washington Post. "There's nothing that's obviously economically problematic about it."
Washington Post reporter Brad Plumer recently noted, "This strategy is hardly risk free. Opponents could plausibly argue that the original law was intended to set rules around commemorative coins, not to finance the operations of the government."
"And, of course, the political blowback would be fierce," Plumer warned.
John Carney, senior editor at NetNet, recently advised, "The key point here is that the government would not be throwing an extra trillion dollars into the economy. It would, rather, be spending exactly how much it planned to spend anyway. It would not be issuing bonds to cover some of that spending but bond issuance by the Treasury does not do very much (probably nothing at all) to combat inflation anyway. The amount of government issued financial assets remains the same, even though the composition of dollars and Treasury bonds changes.
"There could a long-term inflationary problem, I suppose, if the government fell in love with the idea and used platinum coins to finance ever larger deficits. But that seems unlikely. And, in any case, the Fed could step in and use its monetary policy tools to counteract the spendthrift coiners," Carney concluded.


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Latest Headlines
Cooler than average temperatures this week.
A company said it has faced challenges since seeking approval to put a care ...
The No. 24 Arkansas baseball team (21-13) raced out to an early lead Wednesday ...
Due to the threat of inclement weather, Arkansas baseball's series opener with ...
NEW YORK (CNN) -- CNN Money's Stacey Delikat has your top business and financial news on this Monday, April 22.
Little Rock Convention & Visitors Bureau to rebrand
The Little Rock Convention & Visitors Bureau has announced that it will undergo comprehensive rebranding. According to Director Gretchen Hall, the LRCVB has hired BrandStrategy Inc. of Anacortes, Wash., and MMGY Global of Kansas City, Mo., to perform the job. Hall said BrandStrategy's process involves several phases starting with assessing the current brand's perceptions with the community. This factor, she said, is what led to the LRCVB choosing the company.
Airlines sue to block air traffic controller furloughs
Predicting chaos for air travel next week, the airline industry filed suit Friday to block the Obama administration's plan to furlough air traffic controllers starting Sunday due to federal budget cuts known as sequestration. Furloughs could force Chicago's O'Hare International Airport to operate with two runways instead of three, controllers said, forcing a sharp reduction in maximum arrivals per hour. "This has the potential to cause massive disruption for the American traveling and shipping public," said Nicholas Calio, president and CEO of Airlines for America, a Washington-based industry group.
EBay asks users to fight national sales tax bill
EBay Inc. EBAY -0.81% is trying to enlist its users in a fight against a national online sales tax bill. The company on Sunday said it sent tens of millions of emails urging its active U.S. sellers to push for changes to a bill now before Congress that would allow all states to collect sales tax from online merchants, whether they have operations in that state or not. EBay said the bill's sales threshold for triggering the tax is too low. "The legislation treats you and big multi-billion dollar online retailers--such as Amazon-exactly the same," said John Donahoe eBay's chief executive, in one of the emails. He said only businesses with at least $10 million in annual out-of-state sales, or 50 or more employees, should qualify for sales tax, compared with the $1 million sales threshold in the bill.
Will Twitter's new #Music app boost the recording industry?
Twitter Inc. says its new music service helps users discover songs and artists. But the music industry isn't sure it's something to sing about just yet. The #Music app recommends songs based on the artists Twitter users follow. It also shows what tracks friends are tweeting about. And it lets users browse songs that are popular or up-and-coming on the service. The user can preview the tracks from iTunes or subscribe to Spotify or Rdio to listen to full-length versions of the suggested songs. The highly anticipated service, which rolled out Thursday online and to iPhone users in the App Store, is part of the San Francisco company's efforts to expand beyond chatter and photos into other media to broaden its appeal to its more than 200 million monthly users.


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The undefeated Vikings PeeWees (11-12 year olds) blanked the Berkeley Bears 28-0, while the Junior PeeWees (9-10 year olds) turned back the Hollister Vikings 18-12. Both teams will continue playoff competition this weekend against opponents to be designated.
Vikings Junior Midgets (13-14) dropped a 32-6 decision to Daly City.
The Vikings football program is launching an outreach effort to attract players, coaches and support personnel for the 2012 Pop Warner season.
Visit mapopwarner.com for more information.


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- Northern New York Newspapers
- Watertown
- Ogdensburg
- Massena-Potsdam
- Lowville
- Carthage
- Malone
- NNY Business
- NNY Living
- NNY Ads
Today's word of the week with Mark Armstrong and Patrick Doherty is "Flow". Some have it, some don't. Enjoy.
Thousands of readers like you have made Northern New York Newspapers the number one ranked website* for local news and sports coverage in the north country.
You can continue on to this article in a few seconds, or you can visit one of our websites:


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Edited the previous post
The Cricket Web Podcast - episode 3 out now
We're on iTunes - why not give us a review?
Doesn't it run from -4 to +4 though?
1-5 is good enough...
'cause in a clearing when the sunlight comes
exposing all the shadows in our intricate behaviour
i feel a sort of fading
we build our own unfolding.
forever 63*
Draft is over (save for Himannv but it's basically "over"), and Marcuss doesn't have a ground name in.
Go for your life.
The Brothel
Bounce - 4
Eveness - 3
Outfield - 4
Weather - 1
Batsman friendly - 2
Quick friendly - 4
Spin friendly - 3
Bumping this to help in lineup selections.
I will take the MCG/Lords. You can choose any of these two.
wha..? Not a bot is he?
They make them pretty clever these days. See Flem...
There are currently 1 users browsing this thread. (0 members and 1 guests)


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Sparkling New Year's Party
Welcome friends with a Red Rooster―the toasting beverage of the day. Steer them toward the awesome Hot Roast Beef Party Sandwiches, our Fruity Salad With Sugared Almonds and Sweet-Hot Vinaigrette, and a comfy seat to catch glimpses of the bowl games on your big screen. Near party's end, forget the diet plans, and indulge in Dressed-Up Cheesecake Bars. Cheers to this stylish party and a great year to come.
Get ahead of holiday parties. Plan to stash a few batches of these casual, three-bite sandwiches in your freezer.
When preparing Hot Roast Beef Party Sandwiches, don't separate the tray of rolls into individual buns when cutting in half. Once cut, place top and bottom pieces side by side, cut sides up, on a long sheet of aluminum foil on a jelly-roll pan. Use the foil to lift the top of buns over the beef and cheese on the bottom buns. Fold foil edges to seal.
Set up a serving area for the shrimp and sauces on your kitchen island or breakfast table, and let everyone help themselves. To shortcut prep, ask your seafood monger to steam shrimp for you. Try them with Tangy Garlic Tartar Sauce, Rémoulade Sauce, or Spicy Cocktail Sauce.
- Recipe: Peel-and-Eat Shrimp
After you place the chicken on the grill, don't move it until time to turn or the chicken will stick to the cooking grate.


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HPR - HPR1182: LiTS 023: Date
Started by BINREV SPYD3R , Feb 11 2013 07:00 PM
No replies to this topic
Posted 11 February 2013 - 07:00 PM
Spring is in the air and valentine's day is just around the corner and Dann Sexy Washko tells us all we need to know about dates on his regular Linux In The Shell series. Linux In The Shell aims to explore the use of many commands a user can run in the Bash Shell. Tutorials include a write up with examples, an audio component about the write up, and a video component to demonstrate the usage of the command.
The website is http://www.linuxintheshell.org/
The date command will not only display or let you change the current date and time but is the go to utility for getting date and time information into scripts. Evoked by itself the date command will output the current system date based upon the rules of the LC_TIME format. The LC_TIME format defines the rules for formatting dates and times. LC_TIME is a subset of locale which defines the overall environment based upon the chosen language and cultural conventions. You can see the current LC value by issuing the locale command. You can see time specific information for your system by issueing:
locale -m LC_TIME
Go to this episode
BinRev is hosted by the great people at Lunarpages!


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Modern life is defined by convenience, and what could be more convenient that adding or upgrading to a brand new dishwasher with powerful cleaning action? Whether you are considering upgrading your dishwasher to a stainless steel dishwasher, tall tub dishwasher or portable dishwasher, turn to The Home Depot for our excellent selection and convenient home delivery and haul away service. We have dishwashers with the latest features and money-saving technology that cuts your utility bills from brands like KitchenAid, Whirlpool dishwashers, GE, LG, and Samsung dishwashers. Looking for the absolute state-of-the-art? Look no further than waterwall dishwasher technology that creates a powerful stream of water that reaches nooks and crannies that normal dishwasher jets don't.
There's no reason to put in the work manually cleaning dishes after each and every meal. Even if you already have a dishwasher, modern models are so much more powerful, efficient and quiet, that it's worth it to look into an upgrade. With our superior selection of dishwashers at everyday low prices, The Home Depot is the source to make your dishwasher upgrade happen today! Visit Appliance Offers to learn more about our current deals on appliances at The Home Depot.


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Update (5:30 p.m. ET, April 26): This sale has been extended for bookings through April 30.
This summer, cruise through the Caribbean for seven nights on one of the largest ships in the world and save $580 per person on current rates.
Balcony cabins on Royal Caribbean ships -- named best in the world by Condé Nast Traveler this year -- have been reduced to:
The first 150 bookings will receive:
Bonus: Sailings of $1199 or higher come with an additional $50 in onboard credit ($150 total).
The Oasis and Allure sail roundtrip from Fort Lauderdale; the Freedom sails roundtrip from Port Canaveral; and the Jewel sails roundtrip fron San Juan. The itneraries vary by departure date but possible stops include St. Thomas, St. Maarten, Jamaica and Labadee.
Note: Taxes are an additional $131-$140 per person depending on the sail date. Deposits have been reduced by 50% to reserve a cabin.
Click here for more information including other sailings from June-August. This is part of a larger Royal Caribbean sale on summer cruises to Europe, Bermuda and Alaska including other sailings that come with more extras.
Please go to your email and confirm your subscription.


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Premium Australian Labradoodle Breeder
Our labradoodle puppies are living with families in British Columbia (BC), Alberta (AB), Yukon (YK), Alaska (AK), Washington, (WA), Oregon (OR), Indiana (IN), Illinois (IL), Ohio (OH), Michigan (MI), California (CA), Missouri (MO), Florida (FL), Nevada (NV), New Hampshire (NH), New Jersey (NJ), North Carolina (NC), Massachusetts (MA) Kentucy (KY) and abroad.
We are a small breeder of Multigenerational Australian Labradoodles. We are located in Lafayette Indiana (only 1 hour north of Indianapolis and just 2 hours south of Chicago Illinois).
Our mission is to produce healthy, temperamentally sound, allergy and asthma friendly Multigenerational Australian Labradoodle puppies that will become loved members of your family.
ArborGate Australian Labradoodle puppies come in all sizes and colors and can be shipped directly from our loving arms to yours.
Our passion for the Australian Labradoodle is evident in everything we do:
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They are a wonderful breed for allergy sufferers.
Australian Labradoodles are laid back, intuitive, easy to train companions that are great with children.
We can't say enough wonderful things about them!
Raising Australian Labradoodle Puppies for Your Family


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Almost a year to the day following his last lecture, Carnegie Mellon celebrated the life of Professor Randy Pausch, who lost a hard-fought battle with pancreatic cancer on July 25. The university welcomed friends from across the campus community and the computing world to reflect on the impact, both personal and professional, of the beloved professor and computer scientist.
In spite of the somber occasion, the memorial service was an inspirational tribute to a campus icon. "His dream became his goals and he pursued those with a persistence that few can match," said Randy Bryant, dean of the School of Computer Science.
Pausch's persistence opened the door for thousands of students to pursue their own dreams. His leadership and innovation pushed Carnegie Mellon to integrate the arts with technology and establish a method of teaching that is as unique as it is revolutionary.
"Carnegie Mellon lost something very, very important when Randy died," said President Jared L. Cohon.
Getting It Done
Stories of Pausch's reverence for Carnegie Mellon abound, yet none reflect it better than his advocating of the university to Amazon.com founder Jeff Bezos. "We aren't in the prestige or pretense business, we're in the 'get it done' business," Pausch said during the 2008 graduate weekend.
To "get it done," he co-founded the pioneering Entertainment Technology Center, a collaboration between the College of Fine Arts and the School of Computer Science dedicated to the field of "edutainment;" he helped solidify the role of virtual reality in the discipline with his project course, Building Virtual Worlds ("an end-of-the-semester extravaganza…a must-see for the students," according to Don Marinelli, a drama professor and co-founder of the ETC); and he developed Alice, the educational software that teaches students, ranging from high schoolers to adults, computer programming in a 3D environment.
But Pausch may be most famous for his inspirational last lecture, "Achieving Your Childhood Dreams," delivered at the university last September. The moving and humorous anecdotes that captivated the audience also made Pausch an international sensation—a YouTube video of the lecture has been watched over a million times. The speech also yielded a book, "The Last Lecture," co-written by Jeff Zaslow of the Wall Street Journal, which has been translated into 36 languages.
During the lecture, Pausch spoke of his childhood dreams and how they led to a successful career. Most notably, he discussed the setbacks he encountered, which only pushed him to work harder: "Brick walls are there to show how badly we want something," he said.
Pausch's unique outlook on life earned him significant notoriety. Following the last lecture, he appeared on Oprah and The Today Show, was named one of ABC News's "Persons of the Year" in 2007, and made TIME magazine's list of the 100 most influential people in the world.
Bringing People Together
Breaking the outsiders' perception of the stodgy computer scientist, Pausch is well-known for his energetic and personable demeanor, a point that was acknowledged extensively during the memorial. That likeability enabled Pausch to reach beyond traditional academic barriers and connect with students in a way that implants life-long admiration.
By pushing talented students to do their very best, Pausch ensured that the university's student talent pool will continue to deepen, attracting industry leaders eager to jump in. Companies such as Microsoft, Google, and Sun have pledged lasting commitments to working with Carnegie Mellon students, thus providing them with invaluable real-world experience and an unparalleled educational resource. Such relationships place Carnegie Mellon at the forefront of prospective universities as students seek the opportunities that will best serve their educational and career goals.
Pausch's legacy, though, extends far beyond the university. By teaching people to think logically by learning to program in a fun environment, students everywhere will be able to enter a world previously consigned to scientists and mathematicians.
"It's because of Randy Pausch and the Entertainment Technology Center that I'm able to advance in the world of game design at all," said Lisa Brown, a graduate student at the ETC. Brown was one of four recipients of the first Randy Pausch Scholarship established by the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences.
A Fitting Tribute
As a permanent symbol of his vision, the university is building the Randy Pausch Memorial Footbridge, which will connect the Gates Center for Computer Science, now under construction, to the Purnell Center for the Arts. The footbridge will allow students for generations to come the opportunity to metaphorically walk in footsteps of a Carnegie Mellon legend and friend.
"And, yes," added President Cohon, "there will be a brick wall at the end of it. We wouldn't have it any other way."


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BYU Fans ROC the Marriott Center
It's the most wonderful time of the year! Basketball on Friday, football on Saturday. Can it get any better than this? On top of it all, mother nature blanketed Provo with a fluffy, white layer of snow. Hopefully a harbinger of a decent winter to come.
In case you missed it, basketball season is upon us! Friday night BYU fans were treated to a great home opener against Tennessee State, a team that barely missed the NCAA tournament last year. This year, with an NBA prospect in Robert Covington and most of its players back, Tennessee State is expected to do great things again.
The game opened with a BYU dunk-fest (yes, I did just write that) and featured Tyler Haws setting the school record for consecutive free throws made (50) while demonstrating there is no rust left in his game after a two year hiatus. Brandon Davies put on a clinic down low, and Josh Sharp may have earned the award for "most improved". The game wrapped up with the Cougars earning valuable time breaking the full-court press, against which they struggled last year, and cruising to a comfortable win.
In other words, it was a perfect season opener. Except…
What the heck is the ROC? The 16,283 of us in attendance all saw the large blue sign saying, "Welcome to the ROC." And probably all 16,283 of us had to ask, "What does ROC stand for?"
My father guessed it stood for "Retired Old Cougars". That didn't seem to fit with the students sitting in the section, but perhaps the students were upset about being relocated.
Turns out, ROC stands for "Roar of Cougars." It's an okay name (except Cougars don't roar. Actually, they kind of squeak but that's beside the point.) but it doesn't really move the enthusiasm needle.
The biggest problem with the student section's new designation is that it isn't particularly inspiring, nor is it in the least bit organic.
It seems like a marketing ploy to accompany the change in student seating. And like many such ideas thought up in sterile marketing board rooms, it comes across as flat, unfitting for BYU, and confusing. After all, if you have to explain it to someone (or several thousand someones) then why are you doing it?
I've heard "Royal Army" tossed around as a nickname for BYU students. That one seems to fit the school culture and conjure up images of a flood of fans overwhelming opponents' composure.
Maybe the name will grow on me. I'll leave the jury out for now, but in the meantime here are some of the designations for other school fan sections, just to illustrate what could have been at BYU…
- Arkansas – The Trough
- Duke – Cameron Crazies
- Florida – Rowdy Reptiles
- Gonzaga – Packed home crowds and rabid fans but no designated moniker for their student section. Proving that you don't need to name it.
- Illinois – Orange Krush
- Kansas – Like Gonzaga, this student section has no name. Do you think opposing players notice that with full-throated fans going nuts in the stands?
- Kentucky – eRUPPtion Zone. This is Kentucky's standing-room-only student section in the Rupp
- Louisville – The Nest
- Minnesota – Barnyard. Hey, they have a Gopher for a mascot. I guess it works.
- Michigan State – Izzone
- Missouri – ZouCrew. Missouri plays in Mizzou Arena.
- New Mexico – The Pit. Technically, this name refers to the entire arena, not just the students. It is still one of the most difficult places to play, as BYU can attest.
- Nittany Nation – Formely known as Nittwits, this is one example of when the school named the section (in 2003).
- Ohio State – The Nuthouse
- Pittsburgh – Zoo
- Purdue – Paint Crew
- San Diego State – The Show
- Wake Forest – Screamin' Deacons
- Washington – The Dawg Pack
- West Virginia – Mountaineer Maniacs
- Wisconsin – The Grateful Red
- Utah – MUSS. Taken from Utah's outdated, old fashioned fight song.
- Utah State – The Hurd. Utah State has built quite a reputation for crazy costumes, singing random songs like "I'm a Little Teapot" and intimidating visiting teams. The name links to the Aggies' agricultural ties. And as a staunch Cougar fan I still feel no shame in admitting I'm hoping BYU students step up their game and match the Aggies' intensity.
What are your thoughts on BYU's student section? If you could change the name, what would you call it?
Want to hear the real roar of the cougar? Check this out:


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Seminars, Conferences & Public Lectures
Public Lectures
The G J Williams Memorial Lecture is an endowed lecture, normally delivered in Welsh, in memory of Professor Griffith John Williams (1892-1963), who lectured in Welsh language and literature at the University of Wales, Cardiff between 1921 and his retirement in 1957.
G J Williams Memorial Lectures
The Islwyn Memorial Lecture is a series of endowed lectures (in Welsh) in memory of William Thomas ('Islwyn') (1832-78), the great Gwent poet.
Research Seminars
Everyone is welcome to attend our Research Seminars, which involve speakers from the School of Welsh, from other academic Schools, and from other Universities. Find out about forthcoming and past seminars here.


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Since 1922, Stoneville has changed ownership, expanded and opened new facilities, research stations and labs across the United States. Bayer CropScience purchased Stoneville in 2007 to further the improvement of cotton varieties. Bayer CropScience brought additional resources with its research and development teams, pioneering trait innovations and global leadership positions in seeds and crop protection. Cotton remains a core crop for Bayer CropScience, and with more than 100 million bags of cottonseed sold in 2012 they are the number one cottonseed company in the world.
Preparing for Tomorrow's Solutions
Over time, Stoneville has improved the cotton plant by making stronger, upright branches, plant types have been bred with open foliage and fiber quality was improved. Varieties that produced higher yields and quality were brought forward. Research and development, combined with the acquisition of new resources, has allowed Stoneville to bring improved solutions to growers. Good quality cottonseed is the best investment for a growers' farm. And today, like yesterday, the best is yet to come.
Historical Overview of Acquisitions, Expansions and Ownership of Stoneville
|Source: PRWeb
Copyright©2012 Vocus, Inc.
All rights reserved


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When magazine readers speak up, publishers listen. You can push the magazine industry to become more sustainable by taking action in these ways:
Shop Green
Next time you're in the market for a magazine, use this comprehensive list of magazines that use recycled and FSC-certified papers. Also, Amazon.com has a special section devoted to magazines that use environmental paper.
Congratulate Recycled Magazine Publishers
As a magazine consumer, let them know that you appreciate their commitment to environmental paper.
Encourage Magazines to Switch to Recycled Paper
Publishers are more likely to make responsible environmental decisions when they know they'll have reader support.
Another way you can reduce your carbon footprint from paper is stopping junk mail in its track. Find out ways to take action against unwanted mail.
Recycle Magazines When You're Finished Reading Them
The Environmental Protection Agency provides information on paper recycling for students, teachers and everyday citizens.
Help grow a green economy by being a member today. Get resources, like the National Green Pages, to find businesses that care about the environment like you do.


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Kyoko Mori
Akemi Suzuki
Hiromasa Kaneko
Yoshiharu Fujii
Toshiki Kudo
The ideal option to keep away from getting cheated is to have at the least an inkling of what the difficulties together with your auto might be before you head on out for the shop to buy the carprog full v4.01.
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The iPad garnered the reputation as a new kind of windows7retailbox device created for carrying out enjoyable issues at residence click here. Persons had been right away taken together with the reality that the iPad could do lots of exciting points, endearing it for the masses.


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These charming Two Peas in a Pod Collection candle favors make baby themed favors that are double the funThere's nothing quite as snuggly and comfy as two peas in a pod. So celebrate your baby's much anticipated arrival in a snuggly way with these cute favors. Measuring 3 ¼" x 1 ¾", each candle, from Fashioncraft's Two Peas in a Pod Favor Collection, has two adorable baby design candles, with a single strand of hair on each forming the wick, peering out of a snuggly green pea pod. A perfect choice as twin shower favors, each comes in a clear box with the "Two Peas in a Pod" saying and matching design insert, wrapped and tied with a white organza ribbon and an attached two peas in a pod design "Thank You" tag.
Product 1/27


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Police investigating east side shooting, victim identified
Web Producer: Sara Wright, Ina Ronquillo
TUCSON (KGUN9-TV) - Marquee Dixon Jr., 21, has been identified as the man killed in a shooting July 5.
Sgt. Chris Widmer with Tucson Police tells KGUN9 that they received a 9-1-1 call about shots fired in the 5100 block of East 2nd Street.
When officers arrived on scene, they found Dixon suffering from gunshot trauma. Paramedics tried to administer aid, but he died on scene.
Homicide Detectives responded and have determined that a verbal altercation occurred and multiple shots were fired.
A resident in the area found the victim down in a driveway with gunshot trauma and called 9-1-1, said Widmer.
Anyone with information about this homicide is asked to call 9-1-1 or 88-CRIME.
- Latest


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Office of Planning, Environment, & Realty (HEP)
Planning • Environment • Real Estate
During what stage of relocation activity should an agency identify potential problems associated with the displacement of individuals, families, business farms or non-profit organizations?
1. Early stages of relocation planning and project development.
§ 24.205(a); Page 621


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Simi Valley man arrested in connection with double stabbing in Hollywood
A Simi Valley man was arrested Wednesday in connection with a double stabbing in Hollywood on Labor Day, officials said Friday.
About 2 a.m. Sept. 2, Los Angeles police responded to a group fight in the 6700 block of Hollywood Boulevard. Two stabbing victims were found in the area, said Officer Sally Madera.
One person was taken to a hospital and released later that day, but the other remains in serious condition at a hospital.
Detectives arrested Danny Moreno, 26, in Simi Valley with the assistance of the FBI; Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives and local police, authorities said.
He was booked at the Hollywood station on suspicion of attempted murder, Madera said.
The stabbing remains under investigation, and anyone with information can call Hollywood-area detectives at 213-972-2931 or Crime Stoppers a 800-222-TIPS.
Subscribe to the Ventura County Star
Need Help? Call us at 1-877-710-6182.
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Vlaminck, Maurice de, Maisons dans un paysage
|Vlaminck, Maurice de (1876 - 1958)
|Maisons dans un paysage (Houses in a Landscape)
Unique, original watercolor and black ink on paper
|Image Size:
|17 1/4 in x 13 1/2 in (43.82 cm x 34.29 cm)
|Sheet Size:
|25 in x 19 3/4 in (63.5 cm x 50.12 cm)
|Framed Size:
|36 1/2 in x 32 1/2 in (92.71 cm x 82.55 cm)
|Hand-signed by Maurice de Vlaminck (1875 - 1963) i
|Unique, original watercolor
|This work is in very good condition
|Gallery Price:
Item# 1684
|SOLD, but we have similar works in our Vlaminck collection!
|Historical Description of This Work:
This unique watercolor has been hand-signed by Vlaminck in the lower left. Maithé Vallès-Bled and Godelieve de Vlaminck will include this work in their forthcoming Vlaminck catalogue raisonné currently being prepared under the sponsorship of the Wildenstein Institute.
Through the use of variegated color and form, the artist creates a pastoral image which captures the transient beauty of nature. The intensity of Vlaminck's stroke gives the piece a sense of depth while his rendering of form infuses the landscape with robust energy seen throughout the composition in greens, blues, and teals. The eye is invited to explore the small row of homes depicted along the horizon line by venturing across the rolling hills that extend before us, adding an illusion of depth and proving to be a true window into another world. In striking contrast to the works of Masson, Braque, Picasso and Leger, Vlaminck offers to his audience, subtle and relaxing imagery that remains intrinsically bucolic and reminiscent of the French countryside. This rare, signed image offers a vivid impression of a remote village and displays Vlaminck's unique handling of form and volume. It is truly a large and dramatic work, depicting a warm and classical impressionist landscape.
Catalogue Raisonné & COA:
1. A Wildenstein Institute for Art Research & Development Photo-Certificate of Authenticity accompanies this work along with a confirmation letter from Maithé Vallès-Bled and Godelieve de Vlaminck stating its inclusion within the Vlaminck catalogue raisonné.
2. A Masterworks Fine Art, Inc. Certificate of Authenticity will accompany the work.
About the Framing:
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|Fauvism, 20th Century Modern Master Fauvist
Maurice de Vlaminck Biography
French painter, born in 1876 in Paris; died in Rueil-la-Gadeliere. Vlaminck said that what he had tried to "press in paint would, in a social context, have entailed throwing a bomb. He derided Classical and Renaissance art, wished to burn the Ecole des Beaux-Arts 'with my vermilions,' and wanted to translate his feelings into paint without a thought of what had been painted before. Vlaminck's father was of Flemish stock, his mother a Lorrainer: they were both musicians. As a young man living in Chatou, Vlaminck was a racing cyclist (champion and professional). In these years he met Derain, who encouraged him to paint full-time: this he attempted, earning money by playing the violin in a theatre. Derain and he formed the Ecole Chatou. Even by 1900 his colour was violent and his brushwork turbulent: he was largely self-taught. Then in 1901 came the famous visit to Bernheim Jeune's van Gogh exhibition, where he declared that van Gogh meant more to him than his own father, and where he was introduced by Derain to Matisse. He exhibited perhaps as early as 1902.
Then came the historic Salon d'Automne exhibition of 1905, when Vlaminck joined Derain, van Dongen, Manguin, Puy, Friesz, Marquet, Rouault, Matisse, and the Fauves. Kandinsky invited him to exhibit at the second New Artists' Association exhibition at Munich and he was represented in Fry's second Post-Impressionist exhibition in London in 1912. Unlike Derain and Matisse, Vlaminck used colour straight from the tube in his Fauve years: it is more intense than Derain, the brush more fully loaded, the strokes less formally structural than Matisse; the spaces are emphatically evoked. After this initial period he became, like many, interested in Cezanne's art around 1906, and then in Cubism (he claims to have initiated Parisian interest in primitive art; this is disputed). In 1910 followed his first one-man show. His later work has pleased critics less. Bright colour is rejected in favour of sombre tones, the wide and deep perspectives are more traditional, the mood sombre. Motoring and racing cars rather than cycling became an interest. He left Paris, living first like van Gogh at Auvers, and then at Verneuil-sur-Avre. His works are mostly undated and their chronology, particularly from the Fauve years, still unsettled. He also wrote poetry, articles (he contributed to Anarchie c. 1900) and extended prose works (e.g. D'un Lit a l'Autre). He painted theatre scenery, made cartoons for tapestry and illustrated books.
K. G. Perls. Vlaminck, New York 1941.
J. Selz. Vlaminck, New York 1963.
Pierre Cabanne. Vlaminck, Paris 1966.
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USA trio capture first medal in World Championships with victory in 5km Team Event
Shanghai 2011 - Open Water Swimming
A trio of open water swimmers from the United States captured the first gold medal for their country at the FINA World Championships in the 5km Team Event today at Jinshan Beach, Shanghai. Americans Andrew Gemmell, Sean Ryan, and Ashley Twichell finished in 57:00.6, just 1.2 seconds faster than the Melissa Gorman, Rhys Mainstone and Ky Hurst of Australia.
The team from Germany placed third, more than 43 seconds after the Americans. The German squad was composed of Jan Wolfgarten, Isabelle Haerle and Thomas Lurz, the world's most accomplished swimmer at the 5km distance. Lurz has won every FINA 5km world championship event since 2005 and placed second in yesterday's men's 10km, qualifying for the 2012 London Olympics. Lurz was a bronze medallist in the 10km Marathon Swim at the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing.
The team event is a new addition to the FINA World Championships with 14 nations competing today. Each team consisted of three swimmers with each gender represented. Teams left one minute apart and the time of the slowest swimmer determined the order of finish. The tactics and strategy in this team event are entirely different from the pack formation of the 5, 10 and 25km events.
According to published reports from the Daily News of Open Water Swimming, "Gemmell pulled the train in about as straight an arrow as one could do in the open water. Andrew led his Team USA teammates, Sean Ryan and Ashley Twichell, in an unwavering streamlined formation throughout the two-loop 5K course to win the gold medal in 57:00.6. Sean remained in the middle and Ashley give it her all by trailing the men right on their toes. The trio never got out of position and held tight to gain the optimal advantage of drafting. Andrew sighted every now and then as his teammates literally followed in his wake."
Gemmell is an experienced and accomplished open water swimmer. He captured a silver medal in the 10km at the 2009 FINA World Championships in Rome. In June his hopes for an opportunity to qualify for the London Olympics were extinguished when he placed third behind Alex Meyer and Ryan at the US Trials. Gemmell would not be entered in the 10km event in Shanghai but would be entered in the 5km Team Event and the 5km individual event.
5km Team Event Podium - Credit: Giorgio Scala
Gemmell wondered if the expression "If it rains, it pours" was really coming true for him. Just one week ago Gemmell's hopes to compete in Shanghai were almost dashed when his passport went missing on the day the US Open Water squad was traveling from Florida to Chicago to catch their flight to Shanghai. Instead of boarding the intercontinental flight with his teammates for China, he was booked on a flight to Philadelphia where he would wait at his home in Delaware until his passport could be located or replaced. It wasn't until four days later that a new passport and visa arrived and he was able to travel to Shanghai.
A broad smile could be detected on the America's face today when the final team finished their 5km and the USA was announced as the winner. "It was pretty incredible for a 5km race to come down to a single second for two teams that started 10 minutes apart," Gemmell said. "It just shows you how tight the race was. We did a great job working together as a team." The Americans were the fifth team to enter the water.
Ryan placed 25th in yesterday's 10km event and was far from qualifying for the Olympic Games. But he too was thrilled with today's gold medal despite the narrow margin of victory over the team from Australia: "It was a great result and I think we were a great team, Each of us are pretty good by ourselves as 5km swimmers and we had a lot of fun together". Ashley Grace, the female member of the trio swam her fastest 5km, 7 minutes, better than her previous personal best. "I really tried my best this time, I kept looking forward and tried to keep up with them."
Racing as a team of three in a time-trial style new event, the Aussie trio were the 12th team to depart on one minute intervals and overtook four teams on their way to silver in 57:00.01, a little more than a second behind the USA. With Hurst and Mainstone sharing the lead, and Gorman tucked in behind the lead swimmer in single file, the trio who were all backing up from 10km swims in the previous two days had no idea how close they were to gold until getting out of the water. Going through the half way split in third position the Australian team picked up more than 40 seconds on the German's and almost a minute on the US on the second lap to take silver with Germany winning bronze some 43 seconds behind.
Disappointed to miss out on a medal in the 10km yesterday, but still elated to have qualified for Olympic selection, Hurst said he was confident of performing well in the new style of team racing. "I knew when we overtook the Italians at the end that we were going pretty well, but there was no way to tell how close it was," said Hurst. "I've swum in plenty of races on the East Coast of Australia with Melissa Gorman at my heels so I knew she would always be there, and that if we worked together we would be a good chance for a medal."
For Gorman, who has also qualified for selection for London next year after finishing fourth in the 10km on Tuesday, the chance to race as a team was certainly something to remember. "Rhys led us out well for the first lap and the plan was for me to stay in the middle for as long as possible," said Gorman.
"When Ky surged to the front for the second lap I knew we we're in good shape and then I just tried to stay with the boys as we sprinted in for the finish over the last 50m or so."
Missing out on a top 10 finish in the 10km event yesterday, Mainstone said the silver was a bitter sweet feeling today. "It was disappointing to miss out yesterday, but when I found out I was swimming the relay I just had to re-group and was looking forward to racing," said Mainstone. "To win silver in a team event like this is a fantastic feeling and it's something new for open water swimming which is great. Now I know how the pool swimmers feel when they represent Australia in a relay. Today was awesome."