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A Yingli Solar plant in Shijiazhuang, Hebei province. (File photo/Xinhua)
China's Yingli Solar is banking on its sponsorship deal for the 2014 FIFA World Cup to boost sales after posting losses over the past three years, reports the Beijing-based China Economic Weekly.
Yingli Solar, the world's largest manufacturer of solar power modules, has been struggling to turn a profit after the sector entered a downturn in 2010. Though the firm has risen to the top spot in the market, its losses pose a sharp contrast as several of its domestic rivals turned profits in 2013, the magazine said.
Yingli Solar first became involved with the World Cup in 2006, when its products were used in the Fritz-Walter-Stadium in Germany, which remains to be the world's largest solar power unit on the rooftop of a soccer stadium.
The company further benefited from its decision to become an official sponsor of the 2010 World Cup in South Africa, after it gained more recognition from the exposure on the pitch.
According to Bryan Li, an executive director at Yingli Solar, the company received orders for its products totaling four gigawatts during the Intersolar Europe trade fair in Munich in June that year, when the total installed capacity of solar power units around the world stood at only 10 gigawatts.
Yingli Solar is even more involved in this year's event, the magazine said, as the company has provided 27 solar power units for all Brazilian cities that will host the games, as well as solar power charging stations at the main media hub and media centers at six stadiums.
Sports marketing is important for the solar power industry, which like soccer goes beyond borders, Yingli Solar chairman Miao Liansheng told the magazine.
Meanwhile, Judy Tzeng Lee, vice president of global marketing at Yingli Solar, explained that the fee for the four-year sponsorship deal, which was paid in advance when the company was still profitable, was money well spent, even though the company declined to disclose the exact amount, citing rules of the world soccer governing body FIFA.
Li said the World Cup provides a platform that quickly exposed Yingli Solar to consumers in emerging markets, while Judy Tzeng Lee said that the company's reason to choose soccer was based on the sport being popular in its existing markets and the markets it plans to move towards.
Zhang Xuan is an alternate member of the 18th CPC Central Committee and deputy party secretary of Chongqing. A native of Luan county in Hebei province, she was born in 1958 and joined the Communist ...


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Boost MAX review
Boost Mobile announced the availability of the Boost MAX towards the end of January. The MAX was originally shown by ZTE during CES and was dubbed the Iconic Phablet. While Boost Mobile may have renamed the handset, they haven't looked away from the larger size. The MAX is clearly in the phablet category with a 5.7-inch display, and Boost Mobile was touting it as being able to offer the "best of a smartphone and tablet together." With that in mind, read on to see how well it stood up during our testing period.

subset: commoncrawl


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With Ron Burgundy out there promoting every North American brand under the sun and hosting European Awards Shows, it's high time that he get around to promoting his own product — The Fandango Anchorman 2 SuperTicket. Here, the world's finest newsman explains the benefits of the SuperTicket and it sounds like something that's going to make the missus quite happy.
On a sidenote, is anyone else concerned that Will Ferrell won't be able to go back to being Will Ferrell after all of these Ron Burgundy appearances end? That man is deeply, deeply entrenched and, at the very least, that mustache glue must leave a pretty serious rash.
Consider posting a comment.


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Video highlights: Hudson Falls at Albany Academy
No Responses
Zay 5'8 165? I think about 5'6 or 5'7 at most 155lbs to 158lbs.
No way he'd be making those yards in AA. B teams so far have been very weak.
Big Mike…Players like Zay and Josh from small schools are just as dedicated and talented as players from large schools. I know others have touched on it before but its about time you and other large school snobs understand…Yes if a small school played a big school, a majority of the time the big school would win. If you took a Zay or a Keyes and put them on a big school team, with a big school line, they would do the same damage or more than any of the big school backs. Amazing how you never realize that. But enjoy your big school world because you are right, and nothing else matters.
#3. No dissrespect but they are not used to the big AA defenses. I'm not going to argue but let me ask this….If Bronson Greene played the 2010 season for a class C school would he have the same amount of yards as he would playing for Shen this season? I think I made my point. Bronson would run for 3000+ yards over the top of defenses like some other AA backs.
P.S. I'm not the one paying for high school, so don't call AA people snobs, just realist.
Honestly that is hard to say.
If you look at the players in the smaller schools the blocking they get is much less than that in big schools. The smaller schools backs are used to having defenses in the back field and being forced to break tackles, not to mention that their O lines are usually their D lines so they are dead tired at the end of the game. I think the small school backs would do better moving up because of this.
Look at the NFL and NCAA, players like Rex Grossman, Lienhart and Vince Young (first couple seasons). They came from top programs with "Pro" O lines so they never got touched or pressured, players like Romo, Flacko and others from smaller D1 schools have acclimated better because they are used to pressure on them.
Not that big school backs are bad but don't just brush off players like Keyes and others from small schools, especially when 1. He is not going to be a back in college, and 2. He has stats like 6'1″ 205, 4.3 40, and can long jump 21'11" with a 3 ft vert.
Would you get a load of this guy…..Ok whatever you say. Anyone else want a bolongna sandwich?
Big Mike / GrowUp,
Listen, I have been reading your posts back and forth and all I'll say is this on the subject:
1. Yes, kids like Bronson Greene and jordan Canzeri would absolutely go buck wild at the Class C level. HUGE difference!! Having said that, I would have to say that I would love to see Keyes running at the AA level. Having seen him in person, the guy is a stud. He is the real deal!!
Big Mike: Your thoughts on the upcoming big Thursday tilt between Ballston Spa and Shen? Focus on that game only, keep your Troy pom poms out of the discussion. Your a big Troy fan, we get it…
Every year the same old crap. Big schools versus small schools. If a player is good enough the scouts will find them. It doesn't matter what I or anyone else writes on this site.
Bigmike, I appreciate your enthusiasm for the Section II Large schools, but how about a little love for all classes. They all practice the same and leave their sweat and blood on the field each week.
Cheer for your team and players with out knocking others.
I hope to see a Section II team from each class at the Dome!!
Isn't Canzeri of Troy about that same size and their larger back is only like 5′ 9″?? Personally, I believe talent is talent. The biggest difference between AA and smaller schools is not the top talent it's the depth. People like the Keyes kid and Richardson would do fine on a larger team because they're dedicated to being the best they can be. I don't understand how someone from a AA school is faster and stronger because they go to a larger school. The game may be a little quicker but elite players can adjust to that. It's just easier to find a cast of 40 players who are all dedicated to a program when you have a school of 3000 people compared to 500 and that is where the difference in class is.
James- NYSWA maxpreps has following state rankings…below are section 2 teams in the top 25 :
AA – Troy @ #9
A – Burnt Hills @ #4, Lansingburgh @ #19
B – Schalmont @ #7, Albany Acdemy @ #17
C – Chatham @ #5, Hoosick Falls #7, Greenwich #16
Dave, People have a point of view and that's mine. Many people agree with it and you obviously have a problem with it. You made my point with your #1 statement. I've seen all these players in person as well and know their syle of play.
#9 Troys roster has Canzeri at 5'9 174lbs and Lewis 5'8 180lbs. Zay is much smaller.
Moving on…. Spa and Shen is the game of the week no doubt. This is a showdown that's been brewing for quite some time. Without going on and on, I think this will be a defensive battle giving Bspa the edge. Bspa showed lots of heart against Toga.
How in Gods name is Chatham a #5? They didnt even make it to Syracuse LAST YEAR,& were far better than they are now!! This is comical.
I have no beef with what you were saying. I agree with you and the big school argument. I am saying that Keyes would be an exception – he looks good.
Thursday's game with be a great one – no doubt. See you there…
#11 you are right about the B'spa-Shen game being big. I was at the Toga-B'spa game and there were some Shen fans there mocking the two teams as if Shen is far superior. While I've always had lots of respect for the quality program Shen is, this is going to be their first real test of the season. I do think Shen has some outstanding backs but both the B'spa and Toga defenses looked real strong against the run. Shen either has to have a dominant offensive line or they are going to have to throw the ball to beat the Scotties. After seeing the game last week I'm starting to think the AA semifinals could have Troy, Toga, B'spa, and Shen. I'm really looking forward to Troy-Toga week 5. If Troy shows they are powerful enough to run over Toga that will not bode well for B'spa because they looked to be very even with Toga. However if Toga can slow down the Troy running game things could be very interesting come playoff time.
Yeh things are shaping up and getting real interesting. See you guys at Shen. I think its my turn to buy.
Meet up at 6:45pm by the Hall of Fame signs Thursday night. I would like to meet you guys. Rumor has it Holy Geez and Peter Klaven will be there as well…
Dave, I want Jeff and Word to show up as well.
Where does maxprep get their info?? I think Lansinburgh is ranked off of their reputation from past seasons… They don't look that good this year..
How did I end up being dragged into this discussion??
Dion Lewis went to Academy. Last I checked it was a small school then too. He is one of the best RBs in the country.
Hey Jeff, They need a pivot man. You up for it.
llfan: The last two years, the section around Buffalo has won four of five games at the Dome.
Dave Thomas,
You are correct when you say you are entitled to your opinion, but look at the facts before you try and take something away from a player because of his level of play. Take a look back a couple of years ago at Dion Lewis. In high school, Dion Lewis was the equivalent of Zay Richardson when it comes to size. Both players went to Albany Academy and both excelled at their positions. When Lewis graduated he went to prep school and gained size, strength and speed. Richardson plans on following in his footsteps. The numbers Richardson is putting up is not because he's playing at the Class B level, rather they show the hard work and dedication this kid put in during the off season. This kid would start at any program in the state and excel…for you to post a negative comment on this blog rather than direct your intention somewhere else is unneeded. Give the kid the respect and praise he deserves. I'd also like to note that Mike Hart came from a Class D school and he is one of the best running backs ever to come out of New York State.
Calm down, he was just saying Zay those big yards don't happen at the A/AA level, I don't think anyone would. To add: he would start in most A/AA programs but not all across the state. Zay is hot right now and hopefully keeps Academy going. Good luck this week.
Zays a tiny machine………zing!
Anyone who actually watched the game last night can tell you how talented Zay Richardson is. He was the quarterback when Hunter went down and still got almost 300 yards. See thats what happens when you go to a small school, everyone has to cover everyones back. Sure bigger schools' runningbacks may get more yards, but when you are playing with 25 kids on the squad, playing both sides of the ball and covering for the quarterback-there are not many kids that could do that. Zay is a strong kids who plays his heart out and anyone who cuts him down for coming from a small school, should be ashamed of himself. Big Mike that would be you.
You Academy people are out of control with this big school envy.
You Academy people….???
Comments like that are out of line and inappropriate for this football blog.


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This morning it was announced that Alvaro Bautista was leaving the Rizla Suzuki MotoGP team. Today he rode a San Carlo Gresini Honda in the second day of MotoGP testing at the Ricardo Tormo Circuit in Valencia, the Spaniard having reached an agreement with Fausto Gresini for the 2012 season.Bautista, the 2006 125cc World Champion, rode the ex-Hiroshi Aoyoma Honda today and ended up just over two seconds off the best lap turned in by Repsol Honda's Dani Pedrosa. Bautista qualified fifth for the Sunday's Grand Prix of Valencia with a 1:33.443 - just .371 of a second faster than his first day on the Honda.
"I am particularly satisfied that Alvaro Bautista will ride a Honda RC213V in the colours of Team San Carlo Honda Gresini next year," team owner Gresini said in a team release. "He is a very fast rider and I also hold him in high regard for his personality and pleasant nature. I am sure that he will integrate swiftly into our group and that we will enjoy some pleasant experiences together in the future."Bautista's best finish with Suzuki in MotoGP was a fifth in what were two injury-plagued seasons.
Whether or not Gresini runs a two-rider team in 2012 is still up in the air as Moto2 racer Andrea Iannone has also been linked to the team.


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Smoker Spender Schemer Dreamer.
Clinton, Bush, Nixon, Obama. A striking, thought-provoking tee shirt, as seen at Urban Outfitters in Boulder, Colorado:
Incorrect source, offensive, or found a typo? Email us (please put title in subject bar of email so we'll be able to fix). Or do you want to write for Elephant?
{Waylon H. Lewis C Enterprises 2015: Use Rights in perpetuity. Ownership remains with author.}


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Chip's Vegas Chip Shot (4-2 67%) Winner ('Bama/Tenn)
Chip's Vegas Chip Shot (4-2 67%) Winner ('Bama/Tenn)
Alabama vs. Tennessee, 10/20/2012 19:00 EDT, Score: 44 - 13
Point Spread: -20½/-110 Alabama
Sportsbook: Bovada
Result: Win
Alabama at Tennessee 7:00 ET
Volunteers + over Crimson Tide- The Alabama team looks bigger, stronger and faster then their previous nation champion teams as they average 40.5 points per game while allowing only 7.5 points per contests. The Tide is on a 10 game win streak where they have out-scored opponents by at least 19 points in every game. I usually don't want to play against Alabama but this game sets up for Tennessee the same way the faced Georgia. A dog that can score points and score enough to keep this one close. Take the VOLUNTEERS!
« Back


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Advanced Guestbook 2.2 SQL Injection Vulnerability
:: Monday, April 26th, 2004 @ 8:06:36 am
:: Tags: Computers
My guestbook (Advanced Guestbook 2.2) was hacked via a SQL injection vulnerability last week. The hackers were kind and only changed the last guestbook entry. Luckily, my guestbook database lives by itself, so there's only so much damage they could have done.
The lesson? If you're running Advanced Guestbook 2.2, you should upgrade to 2.3.1. :)
Shit. I wrote over my anti-spam modifications. I'm going to have to replicate them.
UPDATE After the update, I couldn't seem to login to my guestbook admin panel. The initial login works, but then I get kicked out if I try to do anything. The solution:
Drop the "book_auth" table, and then recreate it using the following SQL:
ID smallint(5) NOT NULL auto_increment,
username varchar(60) NOT NULL default ",
password varchar(60) NOT NULL default ",
session varchar(32) NOT NULL default ",
last_visit int(11) NOT NULL,
) TYPE=MyISAM;
# Dumping data for table 'book_auth'
INSERT INTO book_auth VALUES (1,'test','773359240eb9a1d9′,'80c1b50318676c8f324c985b94ac780a',1013100791);
And den, your username will be "test" and password "123″. Log in and change it. :)
UPDATE, AUG 31, 2005: I "upgraded" to Carbonize's Lazarus Guestbook, which will upgrade your old Advanced Guestbook database, and is supposed to protect against spammers. Thanks, Carbonize! (the very same one who has posted comments here)


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F1 in Austin
- F-1 Is Over But Traffic Woes Remain
- UT Football And F-1 Take Over Austin
- Traffic Hassles Pile Up As F1 Crowds Head Downtown
- Public Safety A Priority For F1
- City of Austin, Cap Metro, ABIA Prepare for Formula 1
- F1 Fans Pushing Austin Flood Victims Out Of Hotels
- Austin Fan Fest Line-up Announced
- Multiple Big Events To Snarl Downtown Traffic This Weekend
- UT's 2013 Football Schedule Shows OSU Game During F1 Weekend Race
- Austin Airport Busy With F1 Attendee Departures
- Austin F1 Race Over, but Debate on Tax Subsidies Continues
- F1 Weekend is a Tax Windfall -- For Some
- Central Texas Hotels Already Gearing Up For 2013 Formula One Race
- Retailers Outside Austin See Spike In Sales For F1
- 117,000 Fans Attend Austin's Inaugural Formula 1 US Grand Prix
- Brit Lewis Hamilton Wins Formula 1 U.S. Grand Prix In Austin
- Things Run Smoothly At F1 Track
- 82,000 Attend Formula 1 U.S. Grand Prix Qualifying In Austin
- Business Down For Some Downtown Austin Stores Due To Fan Fest
- Fans Mellow So Far At Austin Fan Fest
- F1 Fan Fest Draws Big Crowds To Downtown Austin
- Austinites Check Out 1st Day Of F1
- Download F1 Road Closures Map
- Turning Laps In The Sky For Austin F1
- KEYE TV News Tests the F1 Shuttles For You
- 24 Hours Emergency Operations Center Open For F1 Weekend
- F1 Austin Fan Fest Begins Today
- Officials Make Final Austin F1 Traffic Plans
- Fan Fest Chaos Poses Challenges For Downtown Austin Businesses
- Austin Fan Fest Street Closures Continue
- Law Enforcement Offers Austin F1 Risk Assessment
- Formula 1 Track Shows Off Race Day Emergency Plan
- Cap Metro Makes F1 Backup Plans As Union Threatens Strike
- South Austin Neighborhoods Not Happy With F1 Helipads
- Austin Council Eyes F1 Helipad Code Changes After Neighborhood Outcry
- Austin Council Annexes F1 Race Track Land
- Bike Route Planned From Downtown Austin To Formula 1 Track
- Austin Formula 1 Racetrack Opens Saturday For Running Event
- Capital Metro To Provide Free Bus Service Around Downtown For F1 Weekend
- F1 Marks First Lap, Leaders to Discuss Preparedness
- Helipads Approved In South Austin For F1
- F1 Announces More Bands For Race Weekend
- Police, Nonprofits Bracing For Human Trafficking Increase
- How To Avoid Buying Counterfeit Tickets
- Austin F1 Transportation Plan Announced
- Austin Race Track Gets Green Light As Deadline Nears
- Pflugerville Wants To Study Impact Of F1
- Nelly Joins Aerosmith As Top Acts At F1 Grand Prix Concerts
- Condo Owners Wanting To Make Some Quick Cash Could Be Fined Thousands
- Festivals Planned During Austin's F1 Race Weekend
- Tens Of Thousands To Flock To Downtown Austin For F1 Grand Prix Events
- F1 Bringing Aerosmith To Austin During Race Weekend
- Texas Gov. Perry Promotes Austin F1 Race During Italy Trip
- Workers Needed For F1 Race
F1 Weekend is a Tax Windfall -- For Some
Updated: Saturday, August 3 2013, 05:06 PM CDT
Local hotels say their guests couldn't have been happier with the way the Circuit of the Americas and the City of Austin pulled off the inaugural run of Austin's U.S. Grand Prix. Guests paid a pretty penny for their room for race weekend. And on top of that, the hotels collected a 15 percent hotel occupancy tax. But all that money is already spoken for, and none of this tax windfall will go directly toward the expenses the city incurred supporting this massive event.
The Austin Convention Center is the big winner in the race for the hotel tax dollar. They get 43 percent. The state is next snatching 40 percent of the tax tie. Ten percent goes to city visitor programs and the last 7 percent goes to the arts.
So who will pay for the police overtime and other expenses? The local taxpayer will cover that until we're reimbursed from the state's major event tax fund which comes from other state taxes. Anyway you look at it -- we pay.
By Fred Cantu
Austin Fan Fest
View Austin Fan Fest in a larger map
Austin Grand Prix Parking
View Formula 1 Austin Grand Prix: Parking in a larger map


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The Rightful Place of Angels
In our day, angels have become a pretty big thing. In fact, there are some fairly well-known personalities today talking about having their personal angel and needing to "contact your angel."
I believe in angels because the Bible clearly talks about them, but angels have a rightful place, which Paul addresses in Colossians 2:18-19,
Let no one cheat you of your reward, taking delight in false humility and worship of angels, intruding into those things which he has not seen, vainly puffed up by his fleshly mind, and not holding fast to the Head, from whom all the body, nourished and knit together by joints and ligaments, grows with the increase that is from God.
Paul is telling us, "If you become so preoccupied with angels that you let go of the head, Jesus Christ, you are off the rails!" In fact, if you are preoccupied with angels in such a way that it takes you away from Jesus Christ, I'm telling you, you are in error. The body grows; the body is nourished; we get our life and direction from the head, Jesus Christ.
If God wants to have an angel intervene in my life, that is wonderful. But I don't need to contact my angel because I have constant communion with the Son of God, who, as we learned yesterday, is superior to angels!
Jesus is the One who created the universe! He is our Lord and our Savior. He is the Vine, we are the branch. We have communion with Him. Why would we want to contact an angel when we can contact the Son of God whom angels fall down and worship!
Angels are under the lordship of Jesus. That is their rightful place.
Visit the Answers with Bayless Conley website for more ways to Connect with God
click here to view today's Answers with Bayless Conley broadcast at LightSource.com.
Many Christians want an effective prayer life but find it difficult to remain consistent. In How to Pray, Bayless Conley challenges you to use the simple acrostic P-R-A-Y as the blueprint for effective, fulfilling prayer. You'll notice the obvious difference it makes in your day-to-day life.
That's why we'd like to send you a copy of Bayless Conley's booklet, How to Pray. It's our gift to thank you for your donation to help Answers with Bayless Conley continue to bring a living Jesus to our dying world.


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Original Sin vs. Original Perfection
Original Sin vs. Original Perfection – This is the choice we face between traditional Christianity and Buddhism. I'll take original perfection for the win.
This came as a result of this recent article from Evergreen College, in The Daily Evergreen, in Washington State, which was subsequently pciked up by the Huffington Post.
From the article:
Pastor Doug Wilson affectionately called newborns "bundles of sin" during his guest appearance after the showing of "Collision" in the CUB last Wednesday.
* * *
The rationale Wilson used to justify calling infants "bundles of sin" was founded on his personal Christian belief that everyone is born as sinners due to Adam and Eve's fall from grace. Blame for the mythical fall from grace should not rest on humanity. According to a logical interpretation of this story, the Creator should be responsible for allowing the fall in the first place.
Those who believe in this specific doctrine owe it to themselves to break free from this detrimental system of self-blame. A God worthy of worship would not knowingly create beings programmed to think and do things against God's own moral system, and then blame the beings for their sin. This is not the act of a loving God, but of a sadistic dictator.
Granted, Wilson's flavor of Christianity is more fundamental than most other denominations of the religion. However, any belief that claims humans are born as "bundles of sin" due to the uncontrollable variable of creation is a dreadful and unwarranted notion to have to accept.
Observance of this concept paints a picture of life as a constant battle to overcome human nature. It can only result in a confliction with our biologic and mental tendencies. No one deserves to have to believe this design or take it seriously.
The author does a nice job of pointing out the failures in this pastor's positions. This is a very perspective than we get in Buddhism.
These are from the Basic Buddhism page at BuddhaNet:
17. The idea of sin or original sin has no place in Buddhism. Also, sin should not be equated to suffering.
8. Especially emphasized in Mahayana Buddhism, all sentient beings have Buddha Nature/ Essence. One can become a Buddha (a supreme enlightened being) in due course if one practises diligently and attains purity of mind (ie absolutely no delusions or afflictions).
5. The liberation of self is the responsibility of one's own self. Buddhism does not call for an unquestionable blind faith by all Buddhist followers. It places heavy emphasis on self-reliance, self discipline and individual striving.
Taken in this order, these points stand as a polar opposite to the fundamentalist Christian view. And it is a view supported by modern neuroscience.
The following quotes comes from the Introduction to Brain and Culture, by Bruce Wexler:
Research in molecular genetics identified mechanisms through which maternal stimulation of infants creates lasting changes in the structure and configuration of DNA that then influence the level of activity of specific genes throughout the individual's life. Research on human parenting has documented the remarkable degree to which the mother and her infant become an integrated dyadic unit in which the infant develops. L. S. Vygotsky, writing from Russia as a developmental psychologist, and Sigmund Freud in Vienna as well as subsequent American psychoanalysts arrived at virtually identical conclusions about the role of social interaction in creating internal psychological structures. This wonderful expanse of neurobiological, psychological, and social-psychological knowledge all rests on the deep and extended sensitivity of the human brain to shaping by psychosocial and other sensory inputs.
Two important implications emerge when these bodies of work are considered together. The first is the great increase in functional variability among individuals that results from environmental influences on development of the brain. There is an evolutionary advantage for life forms that reproduce sexually because the mixing of genetic material from parents produces variety in their offspring. Thus, different individuals have different characteristics, which increases the likelihood that some members of the group will be able to function and reproduce even when the environment in which the group lives changes. In an analogous manner, the distinctive postnatal shaping of each individual's brain function through interaction with other people, and through his or her own mix of sensory inputs, creates an endless variety of individuals with different functional characteristics. This broadens the range of adaptive and problem-solving capabilities well beyond the variability achieved by sexual reproduction.
The second implication is even more important. In addition to having the longest period during which brain growth is shaped by the environment, human beings alter the environment that shapes their brains to a degree without precedent among animals.
We are not born a blank slate, as some have argued, but we are also not born preprogrammed as human beings. In large part (much larger than most of us would like to admit) we are shaped by our parenting, our physical environment, and our culture. More importantly, those who have preceded us have created much of the environment we experience as children – and some children are raised in fully human-made environments now.
If we equate sin with evil, as many Christians do, we are not evil so much as wounded by the dysfunctions we are exposed to as we develop. In Christianity, those dysfunctions are assumed to be inborn, but in Buddhism they are assumed to be the result of attachment and other cravings of the ego that develops to cope with the physical, emotional, and cultural climate. And if we follow the newest models of consciousness, which suggest even emotion is a culturally embedded experience, than we are always products of our total environment, not of our inborn nature.
Whereas Christianity offers Christ as a redemption of our sins (if we confess and turn our lives over to Him), in Buddhism we are given the tools to heal ourselves through the Buddha (the exemplar), the Dharma (the methods of freedom), and the Sangha (those with whom we can find support for the journey and confirm our progress). There is no blind belief in an external power, but rather the knowledge that we can be free of suffering and we can help others to be free of suffering.
Sounds good to me – which is why this former Catholic is a Buddhist.
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41 Responses to "Original Sin vs. Original Perfection"
Hi Bob,
I appreciate your argument, BUT (ain't there always a but?), the essential premise of Christianity is that Jesus died to salvage us from our sins, especially original sin. No original sin, no need for Jesus. It's the foundation of the whole religion. The other main point is that in Christianity we are inherently flawed, but the opposite is true in Buddhism.
I agree, though, that there are a lot of irrational beliefs in Buddhism, but none of them are the foundation of the philosophy the Buddha taught. I guess that is the main difference I want to point toward.
Because I'm in a Christ/Buddha-like mood, I'd like to understand you better: What are some actual passages in the Dhammapada that you don't like and why?
Gotta go out for a bit, so it may take me a while to respond (if you want a response).
I'll bite. The Dharma isn't something that is frozen in one text (the Dhammapada). The Dhammapada–while respected–doesn't have the same primacy or purpose that the Bible has in Christianity. Furthermore, the Dhammapada teaches cause and effect (karma) whereas the Bible dictates "commandments." By and large, the Dhammapada is a rational appeal to one's innate wisdom.
There are references to heaven and hell in the Dhammapada, but these aren't permanent states as they are in Christianity. One can always improve one's lot through merit. Whether you choose to believe in these realms or in reincarnation isn't really all that important–the point is that unbridled craving will result in suffering. Cause and effect.
Because this text is illuminating the "Dharma Path," it can only relate conventional reasoning and morality to put one on the path. The map is not the territory. As such, it shouldn't be identified as reified Dharma.
I can appreciate that the Dhammapada doesn't work for you personally. My wife had a very Catholic upbringing and her "ethical training" seems to have served her well too. Conversely, my wife's mother was raised by Catholic nuns in an Indonesian orphanage during the Japanese occupation during WWII and was terrified of the cruelty of the nuns but had some kindly interaction with Japanese soldiers (presumably Buddhist) who would bring food for the children. Nevertheless, she remained a Catholic until she died. Sometimes we gravitate toward the familiar in spite of reason and our perspectives are clouded by our upbringing.
I don't mean to disparage Christianity–I just point out that Buddhism and Christianity are very different things. While it may be possible that the original teachings of Jesus–as much as they can be identified–were very Buddhist (as some writers purport), the end practice was something very different than Buddhism.
"Life as a grand struggle of the mind" is one way to look at the conventional Dharma teaching, but this part of the path is really just preparatory. When one gets further along, past the "right view, right thought" and other seemingly parochial concerns about being "right" it is really about "letting go" rather than struggle. It can be a letting go of the small sense of self–the petty wants–the desire to harness and control nature, to "become" a company man and "have" a trophy wife. Let go further still and one can abandon the need for a contingent self altogether and just experience joy in mindfulness.
In the end it is about awakening–the preparatory path is the route, not the goal. But I can appreciate that it might not be for everyone.
Matt Helmick
Integralhack, yes, agreed, "the end practices [of buddhism and christianity]" are "different." And as I have seen it, the differences are ones that lead me to want to be a Christian. On the whole, aside from Shambala Buddhism which is "not the mainstream" of Buddhism – except perhaps in the U.S., Buddhism tends to lead to moral quietude whereas Christianity stimulates moral action. One may not care for all of the moral actions stimulated by Christianity (the Temperance movement comes to mind, but then Buddhists don't drink alcohol right?) but one cannot deny that the Civil Rights Movement was largely motivated and sustained by the best of Christianity. I would argue that Buddhism in the U.S. is Americanized and therefore Christianiized, Buddhism. I say this because most Americans have been steeped in the culture of proactively "loving one's neighbor". It is this proactive aspect of going out of one's way that, as I see it, has been missing from much of the Buddhist tradition, in most of the countries where it has been practiced. One can say that if I knew more about it, I wouldn't say that.
This could be an instance where my "ignorance" is showing. But, I'm fairly well read and fairly knowledgeable about matters of religion. Moreover, for this Christian, Jesus didn't die for my sins so much as he showed me how to live (my exemplar). Indeed, the "substitutionary model" of the atonement is not an official Christian doctrine (no Church Council has met to establish that) and a high percentage of mainline Protestants subscribe instead to the Exemplary model of the atonement.
I think that both Buddhism and Christianity–as mass religions–can lead to moral quietude or moral turpitude. We could argue at length presenting examples of wars, terrorism and other evils committed by Buddhists or Christians. Likewise, we could present examples of positive moral action on behalf of each religion.
Personally, I'm not interested in these kinds of debates and I hope you aren't either. I find them disingenuous to the original intent of the spiritual teachings of either religion, both of which spur positive moral action.
That said, I would say some Buddhists and Christians both are guilty of moral turpitude (I sound like a Temperance Movement proselytizer when I use that parochial phrase) and I frequently argue with Buddhists about their moral quietude (or inaction) in particular.
I respect your Christian practice and I appreciate that you follow Christ's example. In doing so, I hope you can respect my practice as well. What led you here?
Agreed, I don't intend to engage in a tit for tat debate as to the merits and problems of buddhism and christianity, merely to state my truth, what I think, and why I think it.
re: "what led me here?" I am a fellow writer for Elephant (they invited me awhile back). I saw the notice on Facebook about this article. I read it. And responded.
William misses the boat with his original premise.
In Buddhism, babies arrive as "little bundles of sin" as well. It is called karma.
It is found in the karmic imprints that accompany the being who has reincarnated.
"Sin" in Christianity is the same as "ignorance" in Buddhism.
Christianity does not start with original sin any more than Buddhism starts with conditioned fabrications.
Original sin is equivalent to the illusory conditioned fabrications that result from ignorance. (See dependent origination.)
In Christianity salvation is communion with God – a formless, timeless, unborn Being.
In Buddhism enlightenment is release from the aggregate self (false self) into a state of formless, timeless, unborn Being known as Buddhahood.
In Christianity we come to realize our Divine nature; in Buddhism we come to realize our Buddha Nature.
There is a passage from the Dhammapada that sums up all that goes before in the Dhammapada. It explains what one must know in order to understand the Dhammapada:
"Whoever knows all his past lives,
Sees both the happy and unhappy realms,
Is free from rebirth,
Has achieved perfect insight,
And has attained the summit of the higher life.
Him do I call a Noble One."
Why? Because there is something in the past life that is of value? No. Because remembering all past lives is a way of removing the karmic imprints (bundles of sin). One is then free to know one true nature.
Only when one can "pull back" in this manner does one have the perspective of the bodhisattva, the perspective of a Buddha, the perspective of a Christ.
The Fall is simply different language for Samsara. Both religions recognize the basic role suffering plays in those who have Fallen or become attached to Samsara. In Buddhism one seeks release from attachment to samsara and the aggregate self in Christianity one seeks release from sin/ignorance that obscures one's divine nature and the relationship with the transcendent realm.
Maybe this is a subject ripe for more explication? Good to William for starting the ball rolling.
You are correct in noting that worldview determines how any spiritual path is followed. This fact comes into play in this discussion as well.
The quotes from the Pope support exactly what I had written earlier. The Fall and the story of Adam and Eve are a story of separation of embodied humans from God or the transcendent ground of being. The point of the story is our breaking away from our spiritual essence, a turning away. The story of Jesus is the turning toward (repentance) that God consciousness. It is the story of a return to awareness of our transcendent, immortal state of being. We begin in a state of goodness (grace), we experience separation from this state, and then, after suffering in the lower condition, we once again return to that grace.
This is the same route we find in Buddhism. We exist in a state of Buddhahood. We suffer ignorance which leads to our fall into attachment to the resulting fabrications (lies) and we suffer in samsara until we turn toward enlightenment, follow the steps of the practice and once again realize our true awakened (non-ignorant) state as a Buddha.
The two religions parallel each other in our origin in a transcendent state of being, in our fall into an ignorant or sinful condition in which there is suffering, in a need to awaken (repent) and return to our state of union with God or a return to Buddhahood.
Perhaps the worldview clash you experience is the rejection of the core teaching of reincarnation. Perhaps it is not so much that Christianity and Buddhism do not walk parallel paths but rather that western materialism as a worldview has brought about a gutting of both – for example, a rejection of transcendence and reincarnation (which was also accepted in early Christianity – see Origen).
In the same way that you note Evangelical branches appear to move away from a recognition of the more mystical and transcendent aspects of Christianity, a Buddhism without reincarnation essentially guts Buddhism.
Unless one understands reincarnation I do not believe one can even come close to Buddhism as taught by the Buddha. It is so integral to the religion that without it one has something else – western pop psychology, I guess. Even in the "conservative" Dhammapada one finds the last verse clearly stating that recall of all past lives is the mark of a Buddhist.
A fruitful discussion topic that may offer insight would be a look at how western materialism has brought about a worldview that obscures our view of religion of all types. It would look at why reincarnation, a basic and core tenet of Buddhism, is gutted from the religion, leaving it crippled. Likewise, one could look at why the transcendent aspects of Christianity are minimized or trivialized in today's society.
original sin is not biblical
So, basically, Buddhism at its best is better than Christianity at its worst?
Wow, this is almost as interesting as the arguments conservative Christians make about how Christianity at its best is better than Buddhism at its worst.
i.e, if you define the teachings of Jesus as "Christianity" and what most Buddhists (i.e. people who practice the religion known as Buddhism in parts of the world where Buddhism is prevalent, i.e. NOT Boulder and other liberal western enclaves) believe as "Buddhism."
Hello everybody
I've just read the article and the comments, all of them are very interesting.
I´m Christian born in a Catholic family in a Catholic country too, but I don't consider myself as Catholic nor evangelic however I have great respect for Catholics. I also sympathise with Buddhism, so I respect it too, actually I could say that I feel myself closer to Buddhism each day.
I can say that the Catholic church wasn't created by Christ and the foundation of the Catholic religion was based on the interpretations (probably wrong) that the first Christians made about the original Christ's message which I find very similar with the Buddha's teachings. Also you must distinguish the Christianity and the Catholicism which are different. You can be Christian without belong to any church (Catholic, Protestant, etc).
You must look at the original message of Christ not the Pope Benedict XVI message nor the evangelic's message, they are not Christ. Considering that Pope Benedict XVI is part of the Opus Dei which is the most conservative Catholic organization, it's the same case about the evangelics which in most of the cases have fanatic nuances.
Finally I find that it's very dangerous to compare religions making so deeply distinctions between them because you create separation and misunderstandings. We should look for the similarities between us just like the Dalai Lama always proposes however we can aslo make clear distinctions from the people who distort Christ message in order to protect the true values of Christianity and in order to preserve our minds free.
We can embrace each other, knowing that there are people with a very sensible perspective and people who hasn't it and also knowing that the original message in all religions is very similar.
I have to apologise because of my English level. I hope I have expressed myself properly.
My best wishes to all of you
[…] Padmasambhava, or Padmakara (which literally means lotus-born in Sanskrit) was that rare individual unstained by previous karma. Thus "lotus born" indicates that he only appeared to need a path in order to demonstrate to others that there was a way to liberation, and to learn the skills to tame and bring others onto that path. Being born on a white lotus symbolizes inherent purity–the view that we are all basically good. This is not meant in a dualistic way of good versus bad, for the lotus is actually nurtured by the mud of the lake bottom. This inner view is a far cry from original sin. […]
[…] the same stigmas and sexism that afflict other religions that maintain an old world mentality. The Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches come to mind when I think of an oppressive regime that remains in power long after it has […]
You raise a number of good issues. I will take them one at a time over time….
The first is the idea of original sin and the grace Jesus brings.
This is pretty straightforward. Original sin is essentially about separation from God. The Adam and Eve story is about that separation. The Christ story is about a reunion or cessation of separation from God. In Christ's teachings we find our goal is to achieve divine union with God.
This separation and union story is very similar to Buddhism in which we move away from Buddha Nature into samsara as a result of ignorance and then we find out way back to Buddhahood by healing the separation from our true nature, by achieving Buddhahood.
Very similar concepts at the level of practice. (Once again it is important to distinguish the iconic aspects of a religion from the practice.)
Evil, which can simply be translated as that which imposes suffering, does not differ all that much from the Buddhist idea of causes and conditions which bring about suffering. In the case of Buddhism, through ignorance we engage in wrong action, etc. which brings about suffering. In Christianity we exercise our free will and create suffering. Very similar concepts.
As for karma and reincarnation. One would need to take an expanded view and recognize the human condition, being a human, as a very particular karmic result. In other words, as a spiritual being we find ourselves in a state of being "in the flesh" and that "lower state" results from our separation from Divine union. In Buddhism, we find ourselves in human form as a result of a long karmic chain of events. Very similar concepts.
Early Christians, such as Origen, accepted reincarnation. The Buddha was very clear that reincarnation was part of his teachings. In fact, Buddhism makes little sense without the context of reincarnation. In both cases, the critical issue is that one is dealing with a spiritual being and not the body. In both faiths, collapsing the being and the body results in misunderstanding and stalled spiritual progress.
In both Dzogchen and Christianity our true nature is divine. In both there is the recognition that separation, sin, ignorance have moved us away from our true nature. Sin and ignorance do not cancel our true nature, they do not change our true nature, but they result in a state or condition of being separated from our true nature.
In Dzogchen our perfect nature is not subject to delusion but, nonetheless, our false self is subject to delusion until we come to recognize our true nature. The same concept applies in Christianity where our journey is one of coming to know our true nature.
Nowhere in Christianity does it say our true nature is flawed. In Christianity our true nature is divine. It is only as a result of the "Fall" that our true nature has become obscured and we have become separated from our true nature.
You may find the Christian mystics, the monastics, interesting in that they do strive toward this goal. Bonaventure, St. John of the Cross, Bernard of Clairvaux, and many others – as well as contemporaries, such as Merton head in this direction.
The interesting thing is how similar they are when it comes to the practice.
If you read my comment above, I'm not referring to Original Sin at all. Perhaps you want to comment on the article itself?
Integralhack, in this instance, I intended to comment about a possible implication of your comment. I intended to establish clarity and to prevent confusion.
but that said, your article is indeed about Original Sin.


text:
Houston County Courier - Local News
Stories Added - August 2008
Copyright 2008 - Polk County Publishing Company
Houston County Commissioners Court met on Tuesday, Aug. 12 at 10 a.m. and worked through the lengthy 27-item agenda, finally adjourning at 1:30 p.m.
Precinct 4 Commissioner Kennon Kellum opened the meeting with a thankful prayer for the "good rain." The commissioners approved the minutes of the regular Commisioners Court meeting held on July 22, signed approval of such, approved budget amendments, paid bills, took care of expenses and transferred funds.
County Judge Lonnie Hunt made reference to the town hall meeting on groundwater conservation and said there would be a follow up meeting with target date, Monday, Aug. 25 at the Crockett Civic Center.
He also reported that the U.S. Department of Justice approved the move back to the Houston County Courthouse for early voting In addition, the judge remarked that there's still no news on the natural forest money, but that Senator Joe Barton was "optimistic" that the bill would be passed.
Precinct 1 Commissioner Jerry McLeod reported vandals stole diesel from his tanks about two weeks ago. The court took a few minutes to discuss ways to stop the theft of fuel.
Precinct 2 Commissioner Willie Kitchen said he had good news--prices of fuel went down and he was very happy while Kellum said that drilling in the Weches area was going on and he expected about 50 loads of rock from the oil companies.
Guests Stephen Keller and Carl Goolsby, county engineers with R. G. Miller Engineers, Inc. and Attorney James P. Allison, with the firm of Allison and Bass, specialist in subdivision regulations, were introduced.
Allison presented recommendations for revising the court's suggestions for proposed new regulations pertaining to subdivisions and manufactured home rental communities in unincorporated areas of Houston County.
He called his constructive changes and upgrades "fine tuning" and said he would have a final draft completed by the first regular meeting in September.
Drainage, sewage, county roads and streets and minimal lot sizes were discussed considerably. Hunt observed that he really expected the courtroom to be packed with citizens because subdivisions in the county drew such interest.
Allison also advised the commissioners about the county's authority regarding damage to county roads by heavy trucks and methods to recoup cost of repairs, based on an order dated Dec. 24, 2002.
McLeod asked what utilities the county controlled along county roads and streets. Allison said that county consent was needed to lay water sewer and electric lines, but not telephone cable. That state regulation originated in 1878.
"Who do you think causes the most trouble?" he asked amidst laughter from the commissioners.
Darvin L. Collins, CED, FSA, chairperson of Houston County Emergency Board appeared before the court to request that HCCC request a 2008 disaster declaration due to drought for Houston County from the governor's office.
According to the USDA Drought Monitor, the county continues and has experienced abnormally dry to moderate drought conditions since June 1. Despite the hard rain that occurred during the meeting, lack of rain previously has caused an economic loss in production of hay, corn, and other row crops in Houston County.
Hunt had already penned a letter to Governor Perry including the USDA Flash Situation Report. Commissioners unanimously approved sending the resolution dated Aug. 12, 2008.
In other business, the order to prohibit outdoor burning was not adopted because of the timely rain, the annual outside audit report for fiscal year ending Sept. 30, 2007 presented by Jesse L. Stephens, CPA was unanimously adopted.
Stephens said that the county was in very good shape financially. The county increased its fund balance with approximately $1.9 million in the general fund.
Commissioners also unanimously agreed to create a County Assistance District to impose an additional one-half cent sales tax in unincorporated areas of Houston County.
Child welfare services in the county were approved 5-0 with the Texas Department of Family and Protective Services, a non-financial contract.
Gerald Morehead, historical architect with Bailey Architect of Houston made a presentation on replacement of courthouse elevator and roof. Morehead said that a core sample should be taken to help determine how best to address the problem of erosion at the courthouse annex.
The court took no action on a telephone system upgrade, approved $10,000 cost of software contract for the district clerk's office, tabled advertising for bids to sell property in Lovelady at the request of Precinct 3 Commissioner Pat Perry, and approved order authorizing issuance of "Houston County, Texas Certificates of Obligation, Series 2008" in an amount not to exceed $13,500,000 for financing of new law enforcement center and jail.
Commissioners also adopted order setting proposed tax rate for 2008-2009 and set dates of Sept. 2 and Sept. 9 for public hearings.
The court accepted bids on seven and rejected bids on five tax trust properties and approved an increase of 140 percent matching funds from county on Texas County and District Retirement System that will benefit current county employees beginning Jan. 1, 2009.
The salary for Jim Ashworth as assistant district attorney was confirmed, and the court authorized renewal of health insurance with Texas Association of Counties Employee Benefits Risk Pool and accepted renewal credit of $98 per person in the insurance pool.
Roxan Walker's employment and salary as full-time deputy clerk in the district clerk's office was confirmed and no action was taken on employing a new agricultural extension agent before the court finally adjourned.
Polk County Publishing Company
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text:
Deut 6:1-5
From Feast upon the Word (http://feastupontheword.org). Copyright, Feast upon the Word.
The Old Testament > Deuteronomy > Chapter 6
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- Click the edit link above and to the right to add questions
Lexical notes[edit]
Verse 1[edit]
- Judgments. The Hebrew word mishpat can mean "judgment, justice, or ordinance." In English, these meanings seem quite dissimilar at first blush. Judgment and justice come from the Indo-European root deik- which means to show or pronounce solemnly. Ordinance on the other hand comes from ar- meaning to fit together (as in establishing order). Two more similar English words from these same two roots are, respectively, dictum and ordinance—both are pronouncements made for the purpose of establishing order.
Verse 2[edit]
- Fear the Lord. The Hebrew word yare' can mean fear, reverence, or awe. Translated fear, this verse stands in contrast to the commandment to love God in verse 4 (cf. 1 Jn 4:18 and Moro 8:16). However, translated as reverence, this verse seems more similar to love in verse 4. (See also verses 13 and 24 on fear and 7:8 which includes several more cross-references in Deuteronomy on love.)
Verses 3-4[edit]
- Hear, O Israel. See Deut 7:12 for structural notes regarding this phrase.
Verse 5[edit]
- Love the Lord. Notice the contrast here with the phrase "fear the Lord" in verse 2 (and the associated cross-references).
- Heart and soul. There is not really a word in Biblical Hebrew for mind per se. In fact, when this passage is quoted in Mark 12:30, the word mind (dianoia) is inserted after the words "heart" (kardia) and soul" (psyche) perhaps because the Hebrew words lbb (heart) and nphsh (soul) include the Greek concept of dianoia (mind).
Verses 4-5: Loving one God[edit]
Why is the phrase "our God is one Lord" included in verse 4? One possible reason is that it sets up a contrast between the belief in many gods and the belief in the one true God (Jehovah). Another reason might be to emphasize the unity of God (and/or the Godhood) so as to justify the command given in verse 5, to love God with heart, soul and might. In this sense, one might be emphasizing God's integrity and/or immutability. If God there were more than one God (contrary to the former interpretation), or if God were more fickle (contrary to the latter interpretation), then loving God so completely would likely be less achievable or more futile.
Related links[edit]
- Click the edit link above and to the right to add related links
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text:
PD: Woman implies having infectious disease after arrest
A Chesapeake woman is in trouble with police after they say she caused an Ebola scare on Monday.
A Chesapeake woman is in trouble with police after they say she caused an Ebola scare on Monday.
Over 4,000 sailors and marines from the Bataan Amphibious Ready Group are coming home.
York-Poquoson Sheriff's Office is warning residents against fake callers claiming to be York County Sheriff's Deputies.
Attorney James Camblos made the request for a psychiatric evaluation at an arraignment for Jesse L. Matthew in Fairfax County Circuit Court.
We'll start off Saturday with only an isolated shower or two, but the rain will pick up by Saturday afternoon/evening as the low pushes thro…
A Denver radio station that sponsored a heavy-metal Halloween ball is pleading for the return of a bust of John Denver that went missing dur…
British police say two people are missing after a blaze at a fireworks warehouse that sent plumes of black smoke and explosions into the sky…
Eric Frein surrendered meekly around 6 p.m. Thursday to a team of U.S. marshals who stumbled across him near an abandoned airplane hangar.
Friday was homecoming day for more than 4,000 Sailors and marines from the Bataan Amphibious Ready Group.
Chesapeake Police responded to the scene on Cedar Road, between Briarfield and Albermarle Roads, shortly before 6 a..m.
A Northern Virginia Technology Council report finds old equipment and poor training are partly to blame for VA's backlog.
A new poll from the Wason Center at Christopher Newport University continues to show Democrat Mark Warner with a clear lead over Republican …
All lanes of Jefferson Avenue at the railroad tracks will be temporarily closed this Saturday and Sunday.
Gov. Pat McCrory will visit northeastern North Carolina, where he says he hopes to create better connections with the Hampton Roads area of …
NekoCon 17 is coming to the Hampton Roads Convention Center next weekend.
Check out more costumes and characters at Haunted Hunt Club every night from 6:30 to 11 through Halloween.
We have some trick or treaters here from Hunt Club Farm.
Comedian Dan Cummins stops by The Hampton Road Show to share a few laughs.
It's Live Music Friday and we are happy to welcome back John Baldwin to The Hampton Roads Show stage.
Chef Kyle Fowlkes from Cyprus Grille at Embassy Suites makes a whole bunch of delicious Halloween-themed treats.
A running back headed to Arizona State University.


text:
Application of Anti-Lobbying Laws to the Office of National Drug Control Policy's Open Letter to State Level Prosecutors
B-301022: Mar 10, 2004
Additional Materials:
Edda Emmanuelli Perez
(202) 512-2853
(202) 512-4800
(202) 512-2853
Office of Public Affairs
(202) 512-4800
We do not have a basis for criticizing the Deputy Director's November 1. Even though the statements may have been controversial. They were made within the context of ONDCP's statutory responsibilities. Is entitled "An Open Letter to America's Prosecutors.". The letter was sent through the National District Attorneys Association (NDAA). To state level prosecutors who were members of NDAA. The letter continues that "[o]ne of the best ways to make a difference is for local leaders-like you-to take a stand publicly and tell Americans the truth.". The letter provides seven statements relating to what it asserts is "the truth" about marijuana. That (1) "[t]he truth is that marijuana is not harmless.
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text:
BRICS can be world's game changer: Russian
BRICS, a new global phenomenon, could become "a world game changer and stabilizer," head of a prominent Russian think tank has said.
"The development of BRICS in the last several years is remarkably dynamic and widely recognized," Georgy Toloraya, executive director of BRICS Research National Committee, told Xinhua in an interview.
Speaking of the March 26-27 BRICS summitld in South Africa, Toloraya said a wide range of issues would be on the table, and some important decisions were expected.
"The leaders will discuss the development of SA (South Africa) and the (African) continent as the theme this year is 'BRICS and Africa: Partnership for Development, Integration and Industrialization'."
He said the BRICS countries -- Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa -- could make joint efforts to promote the development of Africa, rather than competing with each other.
Other topics such as global governance, international financial architecture and cultural exchange would also be discussed, he said.
"We are in the process of establishing the guidelines for the future of BRICS, and it does have very sound potential to become an important factor in international affairs," the expert said.
As to the probable establishment of a BRICS development bank, Toloraya said the new institution would be "the first step to unify economic policies of the five emerging economies".
Consultations and discussions were important when differences arise among the BRICS members since each country has its national interests.
"There is no leader, or dominant power in BRICS," he added.
(Posted on 26-03-2013)


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A law degree isn't the guarantee of success that it used to be, but if you choose the right law school, you stand a much better chance of earning a high salary, both after graduation and over the long term. That doesn't mean that you need to set your sights on the Ivy League, however. This year's College Salary Report includes plenty of programs from non-Ivy schools.
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Pussers Blue Label Rum
Pussers Rum is produced in the British Virgin islands. For more than 300 years the sailors of Britain's Royal Navy were issued a daily ration of rum by the ships Purser. Pussers Blue Label Rum is the rum used at the time of the tradition's termination in 1970 which had been unbroken since 1655.
Virgin Islands, British
Quantity Status: 2 - 8 working days delivery


text:
|McHenry to host Homeownership Seminar
|Thursday, 03 January 2008 21:44
District Republican Congressman Patrick McHenry announced he will host a
Homeownership Promotion and Foreclosure Prevention Seminar.
A statement
released by McHenry's office says the seminar is designed to give western North
Carolina families an opportunity to receive expert advice on a range of housing
issues. The Seminar will be held at the J.E. Broyhill Civic Center in Lenoir
from 6 p.m. to 8 p.m. on January 7.
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Super Bowl Boulevard will open Thursday with a fireworks display and concert.
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text:
Foschia Named A-10 Offensive Player of the Week
Sept. 17, 2012
NEWPORT NEWS, Va. - After leading the Duquesne volleyball team to a 2-1 record at the Penn State Classic while recording 42 kills, 24 digs and hitting .326, junior outside hitter Allison Foschia has been named Atlantic 10 Conference Offensive Player of the Week.
Foschia started the event with a match-high 13 kills while hitting .426 in the Dukes' 3-0 win over Eastern Illinois. The following day against #4 Penn State, she tied the match-best with 11 digs. Foschia ended the weekend with a career-high 21 kills in Duquesne's 3-1 victory over Portland. For her efforts, she was named to the All-Tournament Team. This is Foschia's second A-10 award this year, earning Offensive Player of the Week on Sept. 4th.
The Dukes (10-5) host Pittsburgh (9-4) in The City Match tomorrow night. Match time starts at 7:00 p.m. Conference play opens on Friday night against VCU at 6:00 p.m. Both matches are at the Palumbo Center.
08/27 - Mary Henry, Rookie
09/04 - Allison Foschia, Offensive
09/04 - Mary Henry, Rookie
09/18 - Allison Foschia, Offensive