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A primary goal that we hope to accomplish in this study is to answer the question "Does the Bible really teach the permanence of marriage until death, or does it support the idea of divorce, leaving the option for the person to remarry while their spouse is still living?"
To start this study we will go back to the very beginning, because our Lord mentioned "from the beginning" two different times in His discourse with the Pharisees, so we will read from Genesis chapter one, verse twenty-eight:
God blessed them and God said unto them, "Be fruitful and multiply and replenish the earth and subdue it and have dominion over the fish of the sea and the fowl of the air and over all the living things that moveth upon the earth." This statement was made by God after He had created them both male and female and blessed them. So with that in mind, let us read from chapter two of Genesis, starting at verse eighteen:
And the Lord God said, "It is not good that the man should be alone; I will make him a help suitable for him. And out of the ground the Lord God formed every beast of the field, and every fowl of the air; and brought them unto Adam to see what he would call them: and whatsoever Adam called every living creature; that was the name thereof. And Adam gave names to all cattle, and to the fowl of the air, and to every beast of the field; but for Adam there was not found an help suitable for him. And the Lord God caused a deep sleep to fall upon Adam, and he slept: (We might comment at this point, that this is a picture of our Lord going into a "deep sleep". The Lord did not get his bride until after He went into a "deep sleep", and Adam did not have his bride until after he had gone into his "deep sleep".)
Now let us continue in Scripture, So the Lord took one of Adam's ribs and closed up the flesh instead thereof; and the rib, which the Lord God had taken from man, made he a woman, and brought her unto the man. And Adam said, This is now bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh; she shall be called Woman, because she was taken out of Man. Therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother and shall cleave unto his wife, and they shall be one flesh. (It is interesting that the Lord did not say cleave unto her as long as he wanted to, but He just said cleave unto his wife. If he is not cleaving, he is not doing as the Lord has indicated.) And they were both naked, the man and his wife and they were not ashamed.
In Matthew 5: 17,18, our Lord brings up the law in His discussion with his disciples: Think not that I am come to destroy the law, or the prophets; I am not come to destroy, but to fulfill. For verily I say unto you, Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no way pass from the law, till all be fulfilled. He further gives six indicators of what He is talking about when He said He came to fill up to the fullness, the law. These are seen in the following six references in Matthew: 5:21,22 - 5:27,28 - 5:31,32 - 5:33-37 - 5:38,39 - and 5:43-47. As you will notice, one of the six deals with marriage, divorce, and remarriage, showing that divorce was linked with the law. This same subject comes up in Matthew 19:3-9 in connection with the law. However, it is the Pharisees who bring to our attention the law this time, and not our Lord.
They came to Him tempting Him and saying unto Him, Is it lawful for a man to put away his wife for every cause? And He answered and said unto them, Have you not read that He who made them at the beginning made them male and female and said for this cause shall a man leave his father and mother and shall cleave unto his wife. It is very important that we realize that He said this word at the beginning – cleave. And here our Lord says, he shall cleave to his wife and they twain, not are one flesh, but shall be one flesh - indicating it is something in the future. This is depictive of the betrothal or espousal period, when a man takes a woman to be his wife, and they are indeed husband and wife, just like Mary and Joseph were as recorded for us in Matthew chapter one, but they had never come together in sexual union. We know our Lord was virgin born. Now, notice our passage in Matthew 19:5,6:
And the Lord said for this cause shall a man leave father and mother and shall cleave unto his wife and they twain shall be one flesh. Wherefore they are no more twain, but one flesh. This is indicative of the wedding feast (see Genesis 29:20-30), when the man would take his wife into a tent, and the marriage cloth would be used during the experience, so that they would have proof that she was a virgin. It would then be given to the parents of the woman, and they would hold it in sacred trust to prove that they actually gave a virgin in Israel to be married to a man. (see Deuteronomy 22:13-19). So here our Lord says, wherefore they are no more twain, but one flesh (after they had gone into the one flesh union). Only after this experience could our Lord say, What therefore God has joined together let not man put asunder. Please notice that the Lord did not say, Let not man put asunder after verse five. However, after they had become one flesh as stated in verse six He then said Let not man put asunder.
Our Lord allowed a hard-hearted man to put away his wife only if she was not a virgin, and prior to his becoming one flesh with her (see Deut. 22:13-29 and 24:1-4). We must keep in mind that divorce was only allowed under the law or the first covenant. Today we are not under that first covenant, thank God, but are under a new covenant. We need to remember what our Lord said in Matthew, Mark and Luke: This is My blood of the new covenant which is shed for many for the remission of sins. So He spoke of the new covenant that was inaugurated when He shed His blood on the cross at Calvary.
In Deuteronomy chapter twenty-four, the Lord says, When a man has taken a wife and married her...(so they are husband and wife, but have never come together yet for their intimate union), and it comes to pass that she finds no favor in his eyes because he has found some uncleanness in her... This particular expression "some uncleanness" translates a Hebrew expression often rendered "matter of nakedness" (see Strong's Concordance for clear evidence). So you will find that because he found some uncleanness in her- that is, he learned that she was not a virgin- he is allowed to divorce her. The passage says, Then let him write a bill of divorcement and give it into her hand and send her out of his house and when she has departed from his house she may go and be another man's wife. And if the latter husband hate her and write her a bill of divorcement and give it into her hand and send her out of his house, or if the latter husband dies who took her to be his wife, then her former husband which sent her away may not take her again to be his wife, after that she is defiled... Please notice why he sent her out- because she was not a virgin. We see her later going into a marriage union after her first husband divorces her.
But when that union ended through her second husband's death, she was not allowed to go back to her first husband who had put her away.
God said if I allow you to divorce her then I will not permit you to remarry her after her spouse dies because it violates the principle upon which I allowed you to divorce her in the first place -because she was not a virgin. Our King James version uses the expression, "after that she is defiled". This did not mean she had some sin in her life, but rather it speaks of her sexual union with her spouse, which is God's norm in the marriage relationship.
If we go back to Deuteronomy chapter twenty-two, we learn that God gives us some tremendous instruction about this issue of the permanence of marriage when He says in verse thirteen:
If a man take a wife and go in unto her...so here the man has married a wife, but they have reached the point through the betrothal period when they have gone into the tent and the one flesh union has taken place. The cloth was issued to the parents of the damsel to prove she was a virgin.
If a man take a wife and go in unto her and hate her and give occasions of speech against her and bring up an evil name upon her and say, I took this woman and. when I came to her and I found her not a maid (or a virgin). Then shall the father of the damsel and her mother take and bring forth the tokens of their daughter's virginity unto the elders of the city in the gate. The damsel's father shall say to the elders, I gave my daughter unto this man as a wife, and he hates her and Lo he has given her an occasion of speech against her saying, I found not thy daughter a maid, and yet these are the tokens of my daughter's virginity, and they shall spread the cloth before the elders of the city. No one has been given any instruction to know what the cloth really meant. To interpret this would be difficult, but one thing we do know - to the Lord it was positive proof that she was a virgin, and was equal proof to the elders as well. Thus simply saying that this cloth, likely used as their bed for their first experience, was now proof that she was indeed a virgin when she married this man. So verse eighteen says:
And the elders of that city shall take that man and chastise him; and they shall fine him a hundred shekels of silver. Remember that the shekels of silver that a man gives as a payment to the woman's father initially would be fifty shekels, and he has already paid that earlier when he married her and now he is having to pay one hundred more. (So that is three times the amount of the dowry of a virgin.) And they shall fine him a hundred shekels of silver and give them to the father of the damsel because he has brought up an evil name upon a virgin of Israel; and she shall be his wife...now consider carefully, he may not put her away all his days. In this situation you have a man taking a woman to be his wife and becoming intimate with her. This is very clear from verse thirteen: If a man take a wife and go in unto her- they are married, and they have had the intimacy of sexual union. It is indicative that once this happens, and if indeed she was a virgin when he married her, he may not put her away all his days (verse nineteen).
We call to your attention that in verse twenty-nine the same thing is said. However, on this occasion there was a man that found a virgin (he was not betrothed to her), and they became intimate and were discovered.
Then the man that lay with her shall give unto the damsel's father fifty shekels of silver and she shall be his wife; because he has humbled her, he may not put her away all his days. The language is precisely the same in verse nineteen as it is in verse twenty-nine. So it is saying that once you have had marriage and sex, or sex and then marriage, you could not be divorced- even under the law. So you could not invoke Deuteronomy twenty-four as a foundation or Scriptural grounds for a divorce because after all, if she was in fact a virgin when he married her, it is obvious that he can never put her away. Once they have had a sexual union, he cannot divorce her, which is made clear in Deuteronomy 22:13-29. So we see that God's language in Scripture is quite clear that in those days marriage was permanent even until death- whether there was marriage then intimacy or intimacy then marriage.
Now we will go to the book of Hosea in which we get a tremendous picture of the doctrine of redemption. We also get some insights concerning the idea of marriage as well. God had told Hosea in chapter one that he was to go and take a wife of whoredoms. Verse two states:
The beginning of the word of the Lord by Hosea, the Lord said to Hosea, Go take unto thee a wife of whoredoms (or a prostitute) and children of whoredoms, for the land has committed great whoredom, departing from the Lord. (This particular experience was depictive of what had happened to the nation of Israel.) Hosea 1:3 says, So Hosea went and took Gomer the daughter of Diblaim, and she conceived and bore him a son. Now this union produced three children: two sons and a daughter. In chapter two we learn that this woman named Gomer, who had formerly been a fornicator (she was a prostitute) is now guilty of adultery, since she has been married to Hosea and ran off with some other lovers. Hosea 2:2-6 says:
Plead with your mother, for she is not My wife, nor am I her Husband, let her therefore put away her whoredoms out of her sight and her adulteries from between her breasts; Lest I strip her naked and set her as in the day that she was born and make her as a wilderness and set her like a dry land and slay her with thirst. And I will not have mercy upon her children, for they are the children of whoredom. And their mother has played the harlot, she that has conceived them has done shamefully, For she has said, I will go after my lovers... (not lover-here she is leaving Hosea to go be with other men-plural)... that give me my bread and my water, my wool and my flax, my oil and my drink (There are six things that she received, and six is the number suitable to man). Therefore, behold I will hedge up thy way with thorns and make a wall that she shall not find. So the Lord is giving judgment upon this kind of behavior.
In chapter three, verses one and two: Then said the Lord unto me, Go yet love a woman, beloved of her friend, yet an adulteress according to the love of the LORD (and this is the word for Jehovah) for the children of Israel who look to other gods and love flagons of wine. So I bought her to me for fifteen pieces of silver, and one and one-half homers of barley. Hosea bought her away from the slave market, where she was being auctioned off, and he brought her back to function as his wife in the home: what a wonderful and beautiful picture of redemption. So we see that she was still his wife. She was a fornicator when he married her, and after he married her she became an adulteress; but the love that God wants us to have in our marriage relationship is sufficient to forgive her even of adultery, and bring her back into the home.
Now if we can go to Malachi, the last book of the Old Testament, the Lord has a comment there in chapter two that needs our attention, Verses fourteen and fifteen state:
Yet you say, Why? Because the Lord has been witness between thee and the wife of thy youth, against whom thou hast dealt treacherously; yet is she thy companion, and the wife of thy covenant. And did not He make one? Yet had He the residue of the spirit. And why one? That He might seek a Godly seed. In other words, God doesn't want men and women to have sex together just because they are male and female, but rather He wants their relationship to be in a Godly, moral atmosphere. When a man and a woman come together in a marriage union and become one, then the children are not bastards, but rather, they are holy in a sense. They have come from a Godly union that produced a. Godly seed. He says here, And why one? That He might seek a Godly seed. Therefore take heed to your spirit, and let none deal treacherously against the wife of his youth. For the Lord, the God of Israel, saith that He hateth putting away. God says He hates divorce, which is "putting away", and yet men are the ones that wanted it. They are hard-hearted, unforgiving, only love self, and only love virgin sex. So we can see it is a terrible plight, showing the depravity of humanity and coming out very clearly in this particular doctrine on the sacredness of the family and the home.
Next we will look in Mark chapter ten. Here our Lord speaks on this same subject, and it is interestingly different from Matthew's account, which does not mention going into a house. In the house, it is Jesus with His disciples only. It is the Pharisees outside with our Lord Jesus in Matthew's account in chapter nineteen. However, in Mark chapter ten it is the same type of thing, but going a little further. Reading in verse nine our Lord says:
What, therefore, God hath joined together, let not man put asunder. And in the house His disciples asked Him again of the same matter. And He saith unto them, Whosoever shall put away his wife, and marry another, committeth adultery against her. Notice He does not bring up the exception clause here because He is dealing with an issue that is pointing out something in a new dispensation.
You may have a question about why I am saying that, but if you will observe in verse twelve the writer, Mark, who was inspired by the Holy Spirit says, And if a woman shall put away her husband, and be married to another, she committeth adultery. So the Lord is making it co-equal on either side. In verse twelve you have something for which the law had no provision. Under the law, no woman could divorce her husband at all. Here our Lord is looking ahead-looking to the time when we will be beyond the law in a new dispensation, and He says there, Whosoever shall put away his wife, and marry another, committeth adultery against her. And if a woman shall put away her husband... so there, clearly, since under the law no woman was ever allowed to divorce, we find this is speaking of a new dispensation. Notwithstanding, we see no exception clause there, He is just simply saying if you put away your wife and marry another, it is adultery. Likewise, if you put away your husband and marry another, it is adultery. And to somewhat confirm that, you can see that our Lord talks about it in Luke 16:18:
whosoever puts away his wife, and marrieth another, committeth adultery; and whosoever marrieth her that is put away from her husband, committeth adultery. Luke's account is like Mark's, with no exception. The exception is found in Matthew, and then only for fornication, which is proof that the woman is not a virgin.
We have seen so far that only in Matthew is divorce allowed - and then it is only under the law, and if the woman was not a virgin. Also we see in Mark's account that he brings out the fact that a woman could divorce, and that is speaking of our dispensation in which we live.
In Romans 7:1-3, we have a profound statement concerning the permanence of marriage. However, some would argue that this is not a valid portion to deal with this issue; they say this is only our Lord through Paul illustrating law and grace. If that is the question a person really has, my question for them is, "Does God ever use wrong illustrations?" You may say this is really not about husband-wife relationships, or divorce and remarriage, but an illustration of law and grace. Then my response would be, "Why does the Lord declare the same thing in I Corinthians 7:39? There it is not illustrating law and grace, but talking about marriage, divorce, and then remarriage. We will look at these verses starting in Romans 7:2:
For the woman who hath a husband is bound by the law to her husband as long as he liveth; (not as long as he behaveth, but as long as he liveth) but if the husband be dead, she is loosed from the law of her husband. So, then if, while her husband liveth, she be married, to another man, she shall be called an adulteress; but if her husband be dead, she is free from that law, so that she is no adulteress, though she be married to another man. That should be candidly clear. However, some use the excuse that the writer is not talking about marriage, divorce and remarriage. Therefore, let us read from 1 Corinthians 7:39, where it speaks of domestic union:
The wife is bound by the law as long as her husband liveth; but if her husband be dead, she is at liberty to be married to whom she will, only in the Lord. Here again the Lord is saying, yes marriage is permanent until death and we need to see that from the Word of God. Also notice the earlier verses of the same chapter, verses ten and eleven:
And unto the married I command, yet not I, but the Lord, Let not the wife depart from her husband; But and if she depart, let her remain unmarried, or be reconciled to her husband; and let not the husband put away his wife. The Lord is saying if there is that much of an incompatibility, and an unwillingness to resolve the conflicts, separation might take place. Paul is saying that what I am writing to you is really what the Lord Himself taught while He was in His ministry here upon the earth.
There would be no third position offered. There are only two options- to remain unmarried (in the sense of not living in marriage union, is the idea) or be reconciled to the husband. It is very clear that the Lord is teaching here that a man and a woman are to be living together after marriage until death. In the latter part of this section, the apostle was inspired to say something about the unequal yoke in verse thirteen:
A woman who has a husband who believes not, if he be pleased to dwell with her let her not leave him. She is encouraged and I believe commanded to continue with her husband. That is a wonderful thing even if he is not a believer-hopefully he will be.
For the unbelieving husband is sanctified by the wife, and the unbelieving wife is sanctified by the husband; else were your children unclean, but now are they holy. But if the unbelieving depart, let him depart. A brother or a sister is not under bondage in such cases; but God hath called us to peace.
It is here some people in their exposition of Scripture have tried to teach that "not under bondage" means that you are no longer married. However, the word bondage is not the same as the word bound. The word bound means tied together, but the word bondage means servitude. In Romans 7:1-3 and I Corinthians 7:39, the wife is bound. The word bound translates a different word than the word bondage in verse fifteen. So we learn that bondage is servitude, and he is saying that if the unbelieving husband or wife departs from their believing husband or wife, the believer is not under bondage-meaning they are no longer obligated to serve the needs of their estranged spouse. When they are determined to vacate that department of life and leave their spouse and go out from that relationship, he is saying that the Christian that has stayed home is no longer obligated to serve the needs of the spouse that is determined to get away from him or her. Such is very clear, and no Scripture ever violates or contradicts another. And if we have learned that a wife is bound by the law to her husband as long as he liveth twice over (Romans 7:2,3 and I Corinthians 7:39), then that tells us very clearly that the Bible teaches the permanence of marriage. To see that the word "bondage" in verse fifteen means servitude, look at the seven other places that the Holy Spirit uses that Greek word to prove its meaning. It is in clear contrast to the Greek word rendered "bound". (See the following seven passages: Acts 7:6, Romans 6:18,22, I Corinthians 9:19, Galatians 4:3, Titus 2:3, and II Peter 2:19.)
There are other verses in the chapter which people have brought up, such as in verse twenty-seven, Art thou bound unto a wife? Seek not to be loosed. Art thou loosed from a wife? Seek not a wife. Now "loosed" means death as seen in Romans 7:1-3. Only death looses a person from a marriage union. It should be kept in mind that whatever is said here in I Corinthians 7:27-28 is in perfect harmony with the rest of the chapter.
There will be those who will try to reason that it is OK under certain circumstances to divorce and remarry. Please remember that such did not come from the Lord, but is from some other source. We can see from what we have read so far that God does not sanction divorce in this dispensation. There is no divorce in this dispensation suggested by God Himself; it would be impossible because God says He hates putting away. He says the wife is bound by the law (the law of marriage) to her husband as long as he liveth. Therefore we find that God is against this idea of divorce and remarriage.
In Hebrews 13:4 God says: Marriage is honorable in all, and the bed undefiled, but whoremongers and adulterers God will judge. (The word "whoremongers" translates the same Greek word that is in other places fornicators.) But fornicators and adulterers God will judge.
Now if there are other verses in Scripture that seem to cause the believer to think that there is a legitimate cause for divorce and remarriage, when you compare it with all the other verses it is clear that such cannot be so.
Perhaps at this point it would be profitable to look at I Corinthians chapter seven with some degree of exposition. The writer gives us these words in verse one:
Now concerning the things about which ye wrote unto me, it is good for a man not to touch a woman. The word touch here means to lay hold to in a possessive way. In other words, it is acceptable with God if a man chooses to be single in his life. Some men choose to be celibate. He goes on to say, Nevertheless, to avoid fornication, (Greek word pornia, indicating premarital sex-not adultery), let every man have his own wife, and let every woman have her own husband. To disprove the idea that fornication includes adultery, all you have to do is just change the word here: Nevertheless, to avoid adultery, let every man have his own wife, and let every woman have her own husband. It is nonsense and evil, and certainly is not true. Also you will find that the word pornia (fornication) and moichia (adultery) appear in a single verse seven times in the Scriptures: Matthew 5;32, 15:19, 19:9, Mark 7:21, I Corinthians 6:9, Galatians 5;19, and Hebrews 13:4. Why seven? It is the number of completion. The Lord is giving us something here to show the difference in these two words. Fornication involves premarital sexual activity, although it is not limited to that, but it does not include adultery. He says, Nevertheless to avoid premarital sex or fornication, let every man have his own wife, and let every woman have her own husband. This tells me that the sex drive is in both genders – the male as well as the female. It is a wonderful thing, a balance that God gives to creation.
Verse three states: Let the husband render unto the wife due benevolence; and likewise also, the wife unto the husband. The word benevolence translates a Greek word that has the idea of the husband rendering unto his wife whatever is her due. Whatever she needs in life, then he is to be the giver of that. And likewise the wife unto her husband-whatever he needs in life, she should be the giver of that.
Verse four says, The wife hath not power (or authority) of her own body, but the husband. When a woman marries a man, she surrenders the sovereignty of her body to her husband, and fittingly so. It continues, and likewise also the husband hath not power (or authority) of his own body, but the wife. So he has surrendered the sovereignty of his body to his wife in marriage. Neither can ever deny the other, according to the Lord.
He goes on to say in verse five: Defraud you not one the other, (simply meaning don't hold out on one another sexually), except it be with consent (this is both and not one) for a time, that you may give yourselves (not to golfing and fishing or cooking and sewing), but rather to fasting and prayer; and come together again, that Satan tempt you not for your lack of self-control. The Lord is saying here that the sexual union is very sacred and special to God and to us. We are to regard it in a sacred way so that we do not fall into sin with someone else because of long abstinence from intimacy with our spouse.
Verse six says, But I speak this by permission, and not by commandment. He is saying that it was not some prewritten commandment already in Scripture, but God permits him to say it now. Verse seven: For I would that all men were even as I myself (I believe that the apostle Paul made himself a eunuch for the kingdom of Heaven's sake), The teaching on this is found in Matthew 19:11,12: But every man has his proper gift of God, one after this manner, and another after that. So, if a person is born with a sexual drive, which is normal, it should be fulfilled righteously in a marriage union, lest they fall into sin.
He goes on to say in verses eight and nine: I say, therefore, to the unmarried and widows, It is good for them if they abide even as I. But if they cannot contain... (and that is not saying to people who are divorced to do that because we have already laid down the axiom that divorce was only under the law and then only if the spouse was not a virgin to which you committed yourself.) ...let them marry; for it is better to marry than to burn. Paul was saying earlier that to the unmarried widows he suggested that they abide even as he, as a man that had made himself a eunuch for the kingdom of Heaven's sake. For those who loose their spouses, it would be good for them just to stay single if they would like, and could control their body. But here he says if they cannot contain (that is if there is a danger that they might fall into sin) let them marry, for it is better to marry than to burn (with passion, obviously).
The next two verses are quite helpful in understanding the permanence of marriage. You will notice what our Lord says here, through Paul, And unto the married I command, yet not I, but the Lord... (so he is saying the Lord in His public, earthly ministry took this up earlier and now is just simply repeating it),... Let not the wife depart from her husband; But and if she depart, let her remain unmarried, or be reconciled to her husband. What are the options? To remain unmarried, as though you had never married, or be reconciled to your husband or wife. So we see that the Lord is teaching the permanence of marriage here.
Verses twelve through sixteen speak on a different subject. Verse twelve says, But to the rest speak I, not the Lord, (that does not mean that the Lord is not giving the authority of this; because this same epistle in chapter fourteen has an answer for that in verse thirty-seven. Paul was inspired to say, If any man think himself to be a prophet, or spiritual, let him acknowledge that the things that I write unto you are the commandments of the Lord. So here is the Lord's command when he says to the rest speak I, not the Lord. The Lord did not take up the unequal yoke in His public or earthly ministry before His death, but He is taking it up through His servant Paul as he writes to the Corinthians.)
But to the rest speak I, not the Lord, If any brother hath a wife that believeth not, and she be pleased to dwell with him, let him not put her away. So he is saying here, even though there is an unequal yoke, do not divorce. And the woman who hath an husband that believeth not, and if he be pleased to dwell with her, let her not leave him. (Now remember this idea of being pleased to dwell is not just pleased to be under one roof, but to live in marriage union properly.) For the unbelieving husband is sanctified by the wife, and the unbelieving wife is sanctified by the husband; else were your children unclean, but now are they holy. But if the unbelieving depart, let him depart. A brother or a sister is not under bondage in such cases; but God hath called us to peace. So a brother or sister is no longer obligated to serve the needs of their departed spouse if he or she was determined to leave the marriage union and go some other way. If you are a Christian and your wife or husband abandons you, then you are no longer obligated to serve their needs, whereas, the previous verses three-five are clear on some of the servitudes that we need to render to our spouses.
Verse fifteen says, But if the unbelieving depart, let him depart. A brother or a sister is not under bondage in such cases; but God hath called us to peace. So he is saying do not try to chase after your departed spouse. God has called us to peace. If you would go out and try to get them to come back, you could create warfare. The next two verses go on to say, For what knowest thou, 0 wife, whether thou shalt save thy husband? Or how knowest thou, 0 man, whether thou shalt save thy wife? But as God hath distributed to every man, as the Lord hath called every one, so let him walk. And so ordain I in all the assemblies. What I believe this is saying is that God has distributed to every man in His own sovereign will what should be in that man's life as far as characteristics are concerned. As the Lord has called every one, so let him walk. We are all individuals, we cannot be the same as anybody else. God has made variance in our lives, our character, even in our physical being. He made us all different and for a good purpose. So we conduct our lives in the spirit in which God has created us.
Verse twenty states: Let every man abide in the same calling in which he was called. So if I was called after my wife had separated from me and divorced me, then abide in that same condition as the spouse that was deserted. Do not try to get another spouse.
Verses twenty-five through twenty-seven: Now concerning virgins, I have no commandment of the Lord; yet I give my judgment, as one that hath obtained mercy of the Lord to be faithful. I suppose, therefore, that this is good for the present distress, I say, that it is good for a man so to be. Art thou bound unto a wife? Seek not to he loosed. Now someone might say, "See there-there is room for divorce in this dispensation." In the first place, that is not what is being said. Secondly, you will find that the first covenant ended all the divorce that God had sanctioned. He does not write in the New Testament giving sanctions to divorce in any place. Art thou bound to a wife? Seek not to be loosed. The only thing that really looses is death. Art thou loosed from a wife? Seek not a wife. But and if thou marry, thou hast not sinned; and if a virgin marry, she hath not sinned. So He is not saying a divorcee can remarry and it is not sin, but if you are single or a widow and you marry, you have not sinned, and if a virgin marries, she has not sinned. Nevertheless, such shall have trouble in the flesh; but I spare you. This is indicating that if you are single, you cannot have trouble with a spouse that you do not have. Here it is saying if you marry you will have some difficulties.
Verses thirty-five and thirty-nine state: And this I speak for your own profit; not that I may cast a snare upon you, but for that which is comely, and that ye may attend upon the Lord without distraction. But if any man think that he behaveth himself uncomely toward his virgin, if she pass the flower of her age, and need so require, let him do what he will, he sinneth not; let them marry This is not saying that you endorse divorcees remarrying because it has already been brought out that it is adultery and God hates it. For those who were virgins and committed to being single for a while, if they decide to marry, it is not a sin for them to do so. Nevertheless, he that standeth steadfast in his heart, having no necessity, but hath power over his own will, and hath so decreed in his heart that he will keep his virginity, doeth well. So, then, he that giveth her in marriage doeth well; but he that giveth her not in marriage doeth better. Then he goes on to say for the second time in Scripture in verse thirty-nine: The wife is bound by the law as long as her husband liveth; but if her husband be dead, she is at liberty to be married to whom she will, only in the Lord. But she is happier if she so abide, after my judgment; and I think also that I have the spirit of God. And obviously he did. The Spirit of God was having him to write these very words.
In summary, from the Old Testament to the New Testament, from the Lord Jesus' statements to Paul's inspired verses, the Bible teaches the permanence of marriage. My hope and prayer is that men would follow and teach God's will concerning marriage.


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Fact Sheet on Emergency Planning and Preparedness for Nuclear Fuel Facilities
Following the accident at the Three Mile Island Unit 2 nuclear power plant in 1979, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) reexamined the role of emergency planning for protection of the public in the vicinity of nuclear power plants and fuel fabrication facilities. The Commission issued regulations requiring that before such facilities could be licensed to operate, the NRC must have "reasonable assurance that adequate protective measures can and will be taken in the event of a radiological emergency."
After a large, toxic release of uranium hexafluoride (UF6) at the Sequoyah Fuels Corporation conversion facility in 1986, the agency reevaluated the emergency preparedness for fuel facilities. The significant potential accidents at uranium conversion, fuel fabrication, and enrichment facilities and enrichment facilities are UF6 releases, fires, and criticality accidents – the latter being an unintended, self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction. In general, there is likely to be little or no warning time before these accidents start. However, they are likely to be controlled within roughly half an hour in a majority of cases. Thus, quick decisions and prompt actions are necessary.
Emergency Planning and Preparedness
Emergency planning has been adopted as an added conservatism to the NRC's "defense-in-depth" safety philosophy. Briefly stated, this philosophy:
- Requires high quality in the design, construction and operation of nuclear facilities and equipment to reduce the likelihood of malfunctions in the first instance;
- Recognizes that equipment can fail and operators can make errors, therefore requiring safety systems to reduce the chances that malfunctions will lead to accidents that release fission products or other radioactive and hazardous materials; and
- Recognizes that, in spite of these precautions, accidents can happen, therefore requiring high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters and other "trap" devices to prevent the release of fission products or other radioactive and hazardous materials offsite.
The added feature of emergency planning to the defense-in-depth philosophy provides that, even in the unlikely event of a release of radioactive and hazardous materials to the environment, there is reasonable assurance that actions can be taken to protect the population around nuclear facilities.
Fuel facility operators, licensed by NRC, have the responsibility to prevent serious accidents. Should that fail, the responsibility for protecting the public near the facility is considered to belong to offsite public safety authorities, such as local fire and police departments. The regulations require licensees to immediately notify those authorities of serious accidents. It is expected that the authorities would then notify the public in a manner similar to handling an industrial accident.
The licensee is required to develop and submit its emergency plan to the NRC, after offsite emergency response organizations review the plan. Each licensee is required to invite offsite response organizations to participate in its exercises.
The regulatory requirements for an emergency plan are contained in the NRC's regulations in Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations under Parts 40.31, 70.22, and 76.91. An emergency plan must include the following:
Detailed guidance on emergency planning and preparedness is contained in NRC's Regulatory Guide 3.67, entitled "Standard Format and Content for Emergency Plans for Fuel Cycle and Materials Facilities."
Currently, there are six operating fuel manufacturing facilities in the country that are involved in making nuclear reactor fuel from uranium. These are: AREVA NP, Inc., in Lynchburg, Virginia; B&W Nuclear Operations Group in Lynchburg, Virginia; Global Nuclear Fuels in Wilmington, North Carolina; Nuclear Fuel Services in Erwin, Tennessee; AREVA NP, Inc. in Richland, Washington; and Westinghouse Electric Company in Columbia, South Carolina. There is also the Honeywell International, Inc. uranium hexafluoride conversion facility in Metropolis, Ill., and the Shaw AREVA MOX Services, LLC mixed oxide fuel fabrication facility in Aiken, South Carolina.
For each facility, there is an emergency plan to assure that adequate protective measures would be taken to protect the public in the event of a radiological emergency. Biennial exercises of emergency plans are required at each facility. The NRC Incident Response Plan, which governs NRC's response to incidents, identifies specific individual and group responsibilities for responding to fuel facility emergencies. The NRC works closely with its licensees and with local, State, other Federal, and international organizations during an incident. As spelled out in the National Response Framework, the NRC, as the Lead Federal Agency, is responsible for Federal oversight of activities onsite and coordination of Federal assistance in conducting radiological monitoring and assessment, and development of protective action recommendations.
July 2010

subset: commoncrawl


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You can see the photon mapping that was applied to achieve the "glass ball" effect in the film. Plus, if you go frame by frame, you can see the ball "jump" a little bit when his hand goes in front of it. See example: Glass Ball CGI Photon Mapping
Bring me the Disco King...
Because its not like RPGillespie DOESN'T know everything in the world... its not like there are still unknown talents and miracles* in the world like this.
*miracles in the "ZOMG thats amazing" sense, not like acts of god...
that was awesome... Its almost as though the balls don't do the moving, its him!
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Greetings from WITI
Become a WITI Member Today!
And enjoy all the benefits of a WITI Membership including FREE monthly webinars and discounts to all WITI events!
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WITI memberships are also available for small businesses, corporations, students, government/academia/non-profit and people in transition.
The Story of WITI
Founded in 1989, WITI is the premier global organization helping tech-savvy women attain their professional goals.
With a global network of smart, talented women & a market reach exceeding 2 million, WITI has established powerful strategic alliances and programs to provide connections, resources, & opportunities within a supportive environment of women committed to helping each other.
WITI's mission is to empower women worldwide to achieve unimagined possibilities and transformations through technology, leadership and economic prosperity.
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Find out more about WITI by visiting a few of the links below:
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Are you looking for an organization that's committed to helping you:
These are the top reasons that women all over the world are joining WITI every day. If you are ready to join a group where members give and get in equal measure, where no one stands alone, where cliques don't exist, where professional development is built right in to the framework, then take that step now to join us... You will love it!
I've been a member for over a year now and I just love it! I very much enjoy your Webinars and newsletters. In conversation with coworkers at AT&T I have mentioned your terrific organization. They always ask me, "How do they join"?
While I am just becoming acquainted with WITI, I wish I had known of it 15 years ago as I was building my career. It's a great support organization that I'm proud to be associated with.
WITI Membership has expanded my professional development, broadened my business relationships and provided a forum for strengthening my interaction with successful female executives and entrepreneurs.
I benefitted a lot from WITI's free webinars over the past year and I want to thank you for the coordination and providing members these great opportunities to participate and contribute virtually.


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The Minnesota Historical Society is marking the 150th anniversary of the US-Dakota War with a new exhibit and other programs. The exhibit opens June 30th at the Minnesota History Center in St. Paul. Visitors can view documents, images and artifacts, and add comments about the war's meaning. The Historical Society also is launching an interactive website: www.usdakotawar.org featuring oral histories, photographs, letters, newspapers and government documents. Staff members are recording oral histories from Dakota elders and settler descendants as well. Beginning in May, the public will be able to listen to stories told by descendants in a cellphone tour along the Minnesota River Valley. The US-Dakota War broke out in August 1862, with fighting lasting six weeks. Hundreds of settlers and soldiers were killed along with an unknown number of Dakota. The Brown County Historical Society is preparing an exhibit on the war entitled "We Will Never Forget" that will open August 24th at the Brown County Museum in New Ulm.
Dakota War Anniversary Exhibits


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Housing Washington is a statewide newsletter published quarterly and distributed by LIHI. Housing Washington focuses on the politics and events surrounding affordable housing in Washington state. LIHI staff and a wide range of experts write articles on federal, state and local policy, current events and grassroots activities in the affordable housing arena. Housing Washington is distributed to over 5,000 organizations and individuals each quarter and is consistently well received.
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text: Harry Joyner | IBDB: The official source for Broadway Information IBDB: The official source for Broadway Information Official Broadway League sites: - sites - broadway.org broadwayleague.com broadwayfanclub.com kidsnightonbroadway.com stagespecs.org tonyawards.com Quick Search For: In This Category: All Show People/Org. Theatre Season Harry Joyner Performer Male Productions ProductionsDate of ProductionsA Sleeping Clergyman[Play, Original] Performer: Harry Joyner [Wilkinson]Oct 08, 1934 - Nov 1934A Midsummer Night's Dream[Play, Comedy, Revival] Performer: Harry Joyner [Egeus]Nov 17, 1932 - Dec 1932The Admirable Crichton[Play, Comedy, Fantasy, Satire, Revival] Performer: Harry Joyner [Naval Officer]Mar 09, 1931 - Apr 1931Mr. Samuel[Play, Comedy, Original] Performer: Harry Joyner [Nathan]Nov 10, 1930 - Nov 1930Our Betters[Play, Comedy, Original] Performer: Harry Joyner [Second Footman]Feb 20, 1928 - Jun 1928Ashes of Love[Play, Original] Performer: Harry Joyner [Butler]Mar 22, 1926 - Mar 1926 Find out where Harry Joyner and are credited together © 2001-2015, The Broadway League, All Rights Reserved. (Copyright and Disclaimer)


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In Our November 2010 Issue: News Roundup
Below is a roundup of news stories featured in the November 2010 print edition of RECORD. To stay on top of the news, be sure to check out our blogs, First Word and News Notebook, along with our daily news wire, which features stories from major media sources around the globe.
Image courtesy Foster + Partners
High Hopes in Hong Kong
A New Landmark for the Glasgow School of Art
Pelli Building Will Replace Flood-Damaged Theater in Iowa
Museum of Tomorrow to Showcase Greener Future for Rio
Predock's CLA Building Faces Uncertain Fate
Newsmaker: Michel Abboud, Designer of Park51 Islamic Center
Balmond Leaves Arup to Start His Own Firm
Good Design, Modest Means
Award Winners
Adobe Opens Virtual Museum
ABI Climbs Above 50
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LC Foods
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Rabbi David Stav has backing of leading religious Zionist rabbis, including Shlomo Aviner, Aharon Lichtenstein and Avichai Ronsky • Shas drafting proposal for law that will enable Chief Sephardi Rabbi Shlomo Amar to remain in office.
Although the decision to hold early national elections has extended the terms of office of Israel's two chief rabbis for an additional three months, the race for the posts is in full swing.
Rabbi David Stav, a leading candidate for the position of Ashkenazi chief rabbi, has the backing of several prominent religious Zionist rabbis, including Rabbi Shlomo Aviner, chief rabbi of the Beit El settlement and head of Ateret Cohanim Yeshiva in Jerusalem; Rabbi Dr. Aharon Lichtenstein, founder of yeshivat hesder Har Etzion; and Rabbi Avichai Ronsky, former Israel Defense Forces Chief Rabbi and current rabbi of the Itamar settlement.
Stav, rabbi of the town of Shoham and co-founder and chairman of the Tzohar rabbinical organization, a non-profit association of religious Zionist rabbis whose goal is to present Orthodox Judaism in a way that appeals to less observant Israeli Jews, has related on several occasions that he was not sure he wanted to present his candidacy for the post of chief rabbi.
In the past, Aviner wrote of Stav: "He is a truly great Torah scholar. He has proved himself with great deeds for the sake of Torah and the nation." Aviner further praised Stav for "being able to accommodate those from all walks of life, religious Zionist or ultra-Orthodox, secular or traditional, which is something that we urgently need to learn from and is part of the great vision of the Chief Rabbinate being the top religious authority of the entire nation."
Lichtenstein also considers Stav a leading candidate and wrote: "I can see, from a deep and multifaceted personal acquaintance as well as joint work in different areas and social sectors, that Rabbi Stav has what it takes to successfully cope with the demands of this lofty position for the benefit of the entire public."
Ronsky echoed Lichtenstein's words and said: "Rabbi Stav heads the Tzohar organization, which is known among Jews throughout the world for its varied activities focused on bringing Jews closer to the Torah. I am confident, with God's help, that Rabbi Stav, with his pleasant approach, will be able to create a new reality among our people of love and respect for our Torah, which, in turn will lead to a greater desire to study and implement it."
Tzohar officials pointed out that the backing of these rabbis constitutes only a small portion of what they say is overwhelming support for the rabbi. A statement by the organization said: "We have received the support of many other religious Zionist rabbis, ultra-Orthodox rabbis, senior businessmen and heads of Zionist parties who understand that the upcoming elections for the posts of chief rabbis are critical for the maintenance of the Jewish identity of the State of Israel. If the Chief Rabbinate is not accepted as the highest Jewish religious authority for all secular, religious and traditional Jews, two different tribes will exist that will not share a common identity and culture."
Stav faces a strong challenge, mainly from ultra-Orthodox communities and political parties, who may adamantly oppose his candidacy.
The election scheduled for June 2013 will apparently only be for the position of Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi, since Shas is preparing legislation that will enable the current Chief Sephardi Rabbi Shlomo Amar to remain in office for an additional term.
All rights reserved to Israel Hayom


text: Photo by Tom Pennington/Getty Images [ George W Tops On Tradio And More From The Erwin Pawn Tradio Show By James G May 4, 2012 After a week that saw two former presidents visiting our area you had to know it'd be a big question on The Erwin Pawn Tradio Show. Read More|Comment Category: Amarillo, Amarillo News Tags: Amarillo, bill clinton, bush 43, epts, erwin pawn tradio show, george w bush, palo duro canyon, procrastination, west texas a&m Send to a friend! Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Pin it! Reddit This! Share on Tumblr!


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By KATIE ROENIGK
Students in Bonneville Joint School District 93 have been busy this month helping local mail carriers prepare for the annual Stamp Out Hunger Food Drive.
"It's fun," Rocky Mountain Middle School eighth-grader Adrian Martinez said. "We're helping the food bank."
His class folded and labeled 2,000 of the 44,000-plus paper bags that carriers will deliver to area mailboxes in early May. Residents are asked to fill the bags with nonperishable food items and return them to the mailbox May 11 for pickup.
Martinez and his classmate Hayden Holman said they have been part of the districtwide effort before, and they look forward to helping again in high school.
"It's easy to do, and I get out of class," Hayden said. "It feels good."
Irene Becerra, another Rocky Mountain eighth-grader, said she likes to think about the families who will benefit from the food drive while she works on the bags.
"When I see the pictures of the cards it reminds me of the people (whom) this helps," she said.
Teacher Cassandra Schuelke said her students feel good about volunteering their time, but she added that they also learn a lot through the project.
"It requires them to work together and develops team-building skills," she said. "It allows some of them to take charge and be leaders."
She recalled one student who didn't understand why he was being asked to staple notes to paper bags. The student got his answer from a classmate working nearby.
"This other kid looked at him and said, 'It's because you get to help 2,000 people get something to eat,'" Schuelke said. "It helped them bond and work together as a team and see how doing something as little as putting these (packages) together can affect someone else."
Bonneville High School special education teacher Taci Zollinger said students in her functional adult living unit always get excited when April arrives and they receive their yearly food drive task.
"We work pretty closely with them on learning how to be involved in the community, (so this is) a great teaching experience for them," she said. "It's also a great opportunity for them to show they've given back."
Area students have been part of the annual food drive for three years, with more instructors taking advantage of the hands-on lesson each spring.
"Forty-three teachers are involved this year," district spokesman Guy Bliesner said.
"As it stands right now we could probably do more bags than we do, and it's already a bunch. ... Our kids do it, and they really like it."
According to the National Association of Letter Carriers, the Stamp Out Hunger Food Drive is the country's largest one-day food collection effort. Last year, the group picked up more than 70 million pounds of donated food.
Residents can deliver additional donations to the U.S. Post Office at 605 Fourth St. or 875 N. Capital Ave. in Idaho Falls. For information, call 542-0837.


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Active Questions
|Sex & Intimacy / 1:51 PM - Friday August 28, 2009
I had sex with my twin brother
I'm now 26 years old. When I was 12 years old I lost my virginity to my twin brother. It's the only time we ever had sex, but before this we did do other stuff to each other, but I think after the sex we both didn't just feel it was wrong but both acknowleged it was wrong.
- Asked by Female, Who Cares?
Don't do anything.
- Response by wp2007, A Creative, Male, 36-45, Pittsburgh, Artist / Musician / Writer
You need to call a private, closed, meeting with her and your brother and talk to both of them, but her first.
- Response by A Married Girl, Female, 56-65, Artist / Musician / Writer
Community Rating: Community Star
she is going Bridezilla!
- Response by discotrash, A Career Woman, Female, 29-35, Las Vegas, Other Profession
and they say there is no moral decay in the world........
- Response by coco, A Hippie Chick, Female, 46-55, Charlotte, Technical
You are actually a 12 year old boy with a sick and twisted mind!!!
- Response by fanny500, A Thinker, Female, 29-35, Financial / Banking
wow. If I was this woman I would have ran far from both of you.
- Response by girlpower08, A Sportif, Female, 36-45
Oh my...sometimes going anonymous isn't such a bad thing.
- Response by kasialace51, A Trendsetter, Female, 29-35
You need to "whoop his Ass" for being such a fucking pussy and telling his wife some shit like that. Is he the one with the nuts or you. Some shit just needs to be left unsaid and that was one of those things.
- Response by handsomedetroitguy, A Father Figure, Male, 36-45, Detroit, Political / Government
Why did I get a jerk? I was asking legit questions?PM me about this please.I am not showing disrespect at all.
- Response by bushy4499, A Jock, Male, 22-25, Who Cares?
Wow. There's really nothing you can do.
- Response by piscesrising, A Thinker, Female, Who Cares?, Boston, Internet / New Media
""What happened was wrong...BUT...it was simple sexual exploration that went too far. Obviously you were not correctly supervised and even if you had been it still could have happened!""
- Response by discotrash, A Career Woman, Female, 29-35, Las Vegas, Other Profession
u probably should not talk about it on here
- Response by bigcurt, A Mr. Nice Guy, Male, 56-65, Pittsburgh, Self-Employed
Obviously what you did as a 12 year old is highly concerning for your future SIL; and she's reacting to it. Can't say she's overreacting because if my fiance said that to me, he (and his whole family) need counseling and I wouldn't be rushing to the aisle with him either. It's wrong for her to blame you alone, when you both did something equally stupid; but she is right to be concerned. Usually incest is an indicator not of child's play but of some deeper family issue or mental issue. Most "normal" people with parents who give a crap know you don't explore sex with your sibling. I have one brother and I can tell you I've NEVER felt inclined to explore with him. My advice is to stay out of it, it's between him and her. He needs to choose because this is obviously something his fiancee is sticking to.
- Response by lioness21, A Player, Female, 29-35, Consulting
I just want to say that I really appreciate you puting this up.
- Response by amandamac88, A Thinker, Female, 26-28, Regina
I'm gonna get whomped for this, but I think you did a beautiful thing. I'm sick of John Nelson Darby and The Plymouth Brethren still controlling societal mores. I'm an only child, and always dreamed of having a sweet sister, and of being her lover. You did nothing wrong, child. You did nothing wrong. We love whomever we love.
- Response by morethanafeeling, An Intellectual Guy, Male, 46-55, Artist / Musician / Writer
your sister-in-law needs to shake herself, this happened because 2 pre-teens were curious, she is the one with the loose screw if you ask me.
- Response by hotair, A Father Figure, Male, 66 or older, New Orleans, Transportation
It sounds like your future SIL is not seeing BOTH sides of the situation and realizing that you and your brother were both involved and you didn't seduce him or he didn't seduce you and that you were both 'exploring'...although your brother was trying to start his marriage off with a clean slate, he may have 'cleaned' more than just his conscience and you need to speak to your SIL about the 'issues' she has with you because no matter how hard she may try to avoid it, or how hard you might try to avoid it, there is always going to be family get-togethers and if you don't show up to them, your family is going to be wondering what is going on and then you or your brother or your SIL is going to have to tell...besides, you are a part of the family and to be totally honest, the future SIL has NO right to 'force' you to stay away from your own family...talk to her and let her know that no matter what, you have every right to be at family get-togethers and you have every right to be a part of your future nieces/nephew's lives...:D
- Response by fastball, A Cool Mom, Female, 36-45, Edmonton, Self-Employed
WTF is going on !!!!!!
- Response by irishred28, A Life of the Party, Male, 36-45, Who Cares?
Well most "normal" people would be concerned to involve their children with those who practiced incest while growing up. These things have a way of being repeated from generation to generation. So his future wife is wise to show concern! Actually I'm suprised that she discounted the behavior of your brother so quickly and is putting all of this on you. Both of you participated in this relationship.
- Response by kdtxchic30, A Thinker, Female, 36-45, Who Cares?
How did it even happen that you were doing other things before then? You mean jerking him off and giving him head too?
- Response by bushy4499, A Jock, Male, 22-25, Who Cares?
I'm sorry but I'm actually a little concerned for any children he may have....
- Response by almostcoolmom4, A Thinker, Female, 46-55, New York, Other Profession


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- Northern District of Texas: No Bad Faith for Denying Property Damage Claim Due to Insured's Failure to Allow Insurer More Than a Day's Time for Inspection Prior to Insured's Remediation
- District of South Carolina: Insurer Files Suit to Determine if Insured has a Common Law Marriage That Would Afford Additional Insurance Benefits; Court Permits Broad Discovery Into Insurer's Policies and Procedures After Insured Alleges Bad Faith
- Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia: Third-Party Bad Faith Claims are Not Permitted Based on Processing of a Claim
- Louisiana Court Finds That Where Doubt Existed as to Coverage Under Excess Policy, Insurer's Decision to Withhold a Defense Was Not Bad Faith
- Middle District of Florida: Third-Party Bad Faith Claim Permitted to Continue Where Excess Judgment Satisfied
- Tenth Circuit: Insurer Must Defend if Facts Beyond the Complaint Reveal the Mere Possibility that a Claim is Covered.
Excerpt from Northern District of Texas:
"Plaintiff Mario Santacruz's home was insured by defendant Allstate Texas Lloyds, Inc. when a storm blew shingles off Santacruz's roof. Santacruz's home suffered water and other interior damage from portions of his roof falling into his home. Santacruz covered his roof with a tarp and a contractor recommended that he immediately fix his roof. The next day, Santacruz called Allstate and requested an inspection by Allstate that same day because workers were on-site ready to commence remediation. After Allstate advised Santacruz that it could not send an inspector for a couple of days, Santacruz proceeded with the remediation work before Allstate could inspect the roof and damages. Allstate arrived at Santacruz's home two days later, at which time all of the remediation work was completed."
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- Northern New York Newspapers
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HAMILTON — It was over almost from the start.
No. 15 Colgate scored three times in the first period en route to a dominating 6-2 win over St. Lawrence in ECAC Hockey on Saturday at Starr Rink.
When St. Lawrence breathed some life, pulling within 3-1 early in the second, Austin Smith snuffed out any comeback hope with his nation-leading 18th goal of the season. It proved to be the game-winner.
Smith had four points against the Saints and six on the weekend as Colgate completed the north country sweep. St. Lawrence lost two games on the weekend and fell to five points out of first place in the conference.
Colgate (11-4-1 overall, 6-2-0 ECAC) snapped an eight-game losing streak against the Saints. St. Lawrence (5-9-0, 4-4-0) didn't do much to prevent that streak from ending and now has a quick reprieve before a conference game against Clarkson on Tuesday.
"Colgate is an explosive team offensively, and we made some coverage mistakes and turnovers that you just can't make and be successful," said Saint Associate Head Coach Mike Hurlbut. "It was a tough road trip, but we knew it would be going in. We need to put it behind us and get ready to play Clarkson on Tuesday."
The Colgate duo of sophomore center Chris Wagner and Smith combined for three goals and five assists for the Raiders.
Colgate pounced on the Saints early in Saturday's game as the Saints lost the puck behind their own net and Matt Firman sent it out in front for senior center Austin Mayer, who scored his fifth of the year from point blank range at the right post at 3 minutes, 52 seconds.
The Raiders made it a 2-0 game just nine seconds into their first power play opportunity of the game as defenseman Jeremy Price beat SLU goalie Matt Weninger from the side of the net at 11:34.
It went to 3-0 at 15:52 as Wagner scored his sixth of the year just two seconds after a Colgate power play had expired.
The best chance SLU had to get back into the game came at the end of the first when it had a 5-on-3 that lasted over a minute and into the second period.
Jacob Drewiske scored just as the first penalty expired, so the Saints could not capitalize on both penalties. Instead, they settled for the lone goal.
Smith took over from there. He turned a Colgate penalty kill into a short-handed goal during a two-on-one break.
Drewiske managed one more goal at 12:17 of the second. The rest of the offense went to Colgate.
Colgate put the game out of reach in the third period as Mayer scored his second of the night, and Wagner scored his second from Smith at 10:41.
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Edward Carr argues that, as the first tool, the blade opened up a new world bursting with unimagined possibilities ...
From INTELLIGENT LIFE magazine, January/February 2012
Go into the kitchen and find a chopping board, a tomato—not too ripe—and your favourite knife. To be sure that the knife is sharp, run the tip of your finger down the edge and feel it catch the tiny ridges on your skin. Place the tomato on the board and draw the blade across it. At first, you will sense the surface resistance, then a slight give as blade eases through flesh to the board beneath, like the keel of a boat running into the sand.
The stainless-steel blade in your hand barely differs from the sharp-edged flint and obsidian that our ancestors knapped from a core of rock two or three million years ago. The first flints were scrapers and knives for skinning and butchering animals. Larger stones, fixed to wooden handles, served as axes for chopping and adzes for smoothing rough wood. The smallest became arrowheads and spear-tips. From the beginning, technology both brought life and took it away.
The blade is so familiar that we tend to overlook its technical refinement. Pressure equals force divided by area: the thin surface at the cutting edge concentrates moderate forces into extreme pressures. By minimising the area, the teeth of a serrated blade concentrate the force still further. With a blunt knife, you have to exert a large force to make a cut—and you have a squashed tomato. But a sharp one can give us a surgeon's incision; axes and saws generate enough pressure to slice through trees and rock; fine wires shave off a wafer of silicon for etching integrated circuits.
Some technologies, like steam-power and the candle, have come and mostly gone. Others have been optional—the Incas, Aztecs and Native Americans got by without the wheel. Only the blade has been with people everywhere and throughout history. In fact, as the first tool, the blade opened a new world bursting with unimagined possibilities—and we are not done exploring them yet. Elegant and enduring, the blade was the breakthrough on which everything else is built.
Edward Carr is editorial director of Intelligent Life and foreign editor of The Economist
What do you think is the greatest invention of all time? Samantha Weinberg argues that it's the internet. Have your say by voting in our online poll.
Picture credit: Russ Street/AKG/Alamy/Getty


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Country of Origin: ImportedWeb ID: 35269016


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2013 Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition (APOGCE) | Jakarta | 22–24 October 2013
The 2013 Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition (APOGCE), co-organised by the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE) and Society of Indonesian Petroleum Engineers (IATMI), will be held 22–24 October 2013 in Jakarta, Indonesia.
The conference will highlight both projects and human capital through its theme "Maximising the Mature, Elevating the Young." Most projects in the Asia Pacific region are either under development (young) or in decline (mature) with both possessing different challenges altogether. With a big gap in the industry where mid-career professionals are scarce, it is imperative for experienced professional to do the balancing act of ensuring project quality while mentoring young professionals up to "stand-alone quality." Equally, our young members need to take charge of their development and seek from those who know.
In addition to the technical sessions, this conference will include energetic panel sessions on hot topics such as "Shale Gas Impact on Global Outlook," "Bridging the Demographic Gap in the Oil and Gas Industry," and "HSE Considerations in Unlocking Unconventional Reserves." The conference also features exciting activities for the young members, such as Young Professionals Workshop, Petrobowl, Student Paper Contest, Education Day and Teachers' Day.
More Information - http://www.spe.org/events/apogce/2013/


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ENSENADA, MEXICO — Before lunch began, Commodore Chuck Iverson sat in the back corner of a restaurant, reviewing the guest list.
It seemed a generic Newport Beach scene: place settings arranged on white tablecloths. Ocean view. Members of the Newport Ocean Sailing Assn., or NOSA, bedecked in navy blazers and khaki pants, mingling with the mayor.
Still, the group hadn't valet parked their cars outside. They'd arrived by van. And they were greeted with glasses of wine, not from California, but vineyards in Mexico.
Roughly 125 nautical miles from home, the sailors were far from their yacht club dining rooms and trendy Fashion Island restaurants. Responsible for organizing the Newport to Ensenada International Yacht Race that started the day before, they now anticipated a meal at Belio, an upscale restaurant here.
Iverson continued through the names on the list. The consul general from the U.S. consulate in Tijuana would be joining them. The local mayor's wife was on her way.
Behind the scenes of a regatta known for its drunken rowdiness, leaders in the Newport yachting community and the seaside Mexican town continue to foster a long-standing and deeply meaningful relationship. Ensenada once received icons like Marion Davis, Lucille Ball and John Wayne. But as the romance faded between old Hollywood and the Baja port city, the diplomatic link among the yachtsmen and their political counterparts remained.
Rooted in the event's 67-year history, the bond links cultures, economies and communities that might not otherwise commingle. It offers a stronghold for an event that has suffered in recent years as the economy of both countries dipped and fear of drug violence in Mexico rose.
"This is more than just a yacht race," Tom Kennedy, a NOSA director, said as he walked toward the restaurant.
The friendship renews itself at each springtime sail, bolstered by numerous parties and meals hosted on either side of the border. Glasses had clinked in Newport Beach, and now Saturday's lunch turned hosting responsibility over to Mexico. Again and again, their events would assert a singular message for Newport Beach residents: Ensenada is thrilled to welcome you.
Formality intersects with bacchanalia
While NOSA leaders sat for formal introductions, the jovial race participants grew boozy at the nearby host hotel.
The group helped fill the 147-room Hotel Coral for the weekend, a high-end place to stay that is protected by a wall and security gate. Every room has an ocean-front view.
Lounging in the sunshine, the racers made themselves comfortable, drinking Tecate and regaling one another with tales from their uncharacteristically windy and rainy journey.
Although 168 yachts had registered to participate, in its prime, the Newport to Ensenada race logged more than 600. The party the night before grew so large that the Bahia Corinthian Yacht Club eventually stopped hosting it.
As participation numbers have dropped, organizers find themselves re-evaluating how to renew interest in the gregarious sailing tradition.
NOSA volunteers work year-round on improvements for the race. They drive to Ensenada monthly for meetings as the event nears each year.
They also hold safety seminars for participants. Indeed, four men died when their 37-foot boat, the Aegean, splintered upon collision with North Coronado Island, south of the U.S.-Mexican border, during the 2012 race.
"You're not stoppable," Mariano Escobedo, director of International Relations for Baja, California, said at lunch Saturday from a podium where miniature American and Mexican flags waved, "even though it's not always smooth sailing."
Change has come, albeit incrementally, with cooperation between NOSA and local government officials. The race used to end farther south, in the Ensenada harbor. Now, the finish line is marked by boats bobbing in front of the Hotel Coral.


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Campus life
Home / Campus life
Northwestern students and staff are committed to caring for God's creation. We were the first Iowa college and the second college nationwide to be named a Groundwater Guardian Green Site (GGGS) in recognition of our care for the environment; we have been a GGGS since 2008. The recently built North Suites and DeWitt Learning Commons both utilize geothermal heat and energy recovery ventilators, and North Suites has an underground water detention system. In addition:
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south park studios
'South Park' Premieres Its First Ever Deleted Scene
But believe it or not, the thirteenth season of the long running 'South Park' saw its first ever deleted scene.
The video, embedded at Comedy Central's blog, takes place during the hilarious "Pinewood Derby" episode and naturally features Randy Marsh cursing up a perfect storm. Naturally this clip is NSFW, so if you're at work and you're looking for a way to get fired, be sure to turn up the speakers to their maximum volume so everyone can enjoy it.
Blackwater Contractors Buy Weapons Under the Name "Eric Cartman"
My suspicions were confirmed when news broke that some Blackwater contractors illegally obtained weapons that were meant to go to the Afghan police force by filing them under the name "Eric Cartman" as a cover.
'South Park' creator Trey Parker told the Huffington Post that when he and co-creator Matt Stone heard the news, "Our first reaction to any story is 'How do we put this into the show?' and the second reaction is 'Did Cartman do that?' because he's so real to us, it's like 'I bet Cartman did that.'"
Is South Park too focused on reality TV?
Even though the show has been on forever, I still enjoy my weekly dose of the new South Parks. But lately, they seem to be running out of targets or have narrowed their focus too much on one particular evil: reality television.
The season opener featured a rather nasty swipe at Disney's Jonas Brothers. The recent "Dead Celebrities" chortle-fest took a much needed pot shot at Ghost Hunters, aka, "the gayest f#*$ing show on television." And last week launched an all out attack on Discovery's Whale Wars and Deadliest Catch, particularly against Whale Wars star Paul Watson.
The show has always been a bitch to write and making every episode a satirical masterpiece is impossible without suffering a full-on breakdown. But should the show lay off reality TV and take some bolder shots at reality, which as we all know are two completely different things?
Hi, Billy Mays III here for South Park...
So you can probably imagine the reaction from the family of the late TV pitchman Billy Mays: exuberant joy and ecstatic excitement.
Billy's son Billy Mays III said on his Twitter page that he was "proud" and "honored" his late father was included in their "Dead Celebrities" episode. He's also trying to get a cel of his father's caricature autographed by Matt Stone and Trey Parker.
He hasn't said if he's gotten it yet or not, but he's reportedly sweetening the deal for the South Park creators by throwing in an extra bottle of Chipotlaway absolutely free. Matt and Trey, call now!
Remember the good times we had with (at) Michael Jackson('s expense)?
A lot of memories have surfaced of the good times that pop icon and musical genius Michael Jackson provided the world in the wake of his untimely and unfortunate death. However, an elephant in the room has wedged its wide butt in between the happy memories that range from "Billy Jean" to "Rockin' Robin," other than the eye-bleedingly bad Moonwalker movie.
Jackson's life outside of the recording studio and in the blood-soaked pages of the supermarket tabloids provided a lot of fodder for comedies and comedians that turned the man into a punchline just as fast as the radio waves turned him into a legend.
Just what does Apple's iPhone app department NOT find offensive?
Last week, we reported on Apple's refusal to include a new South Park iPhone app. The white hot anger could be felt from coast to coast. We here at TV Squad were worried that the uproar it could have caused could have landed us in "Enemy Combatant Land" for disturbing the peace and inciting a riot, which technically would be Apple's fault.
Then an interesting little story popped into my view that seemed to contradict the claims Apple had made and as always, television helped show me the way.
Apple says 'Screw you guys' to South Park's iPhone app
They are always checking their emails or giving you weather updates you never asked for. They always let their phone ring longer than necessary with some ridiculous sounds such as one of those dumb novelty "Pick me up!" chimes or the theme to Sanford and Son to make sure it grabs your attention. Pretty soon, every time they stroke their finger across that smirking touch screen, it subconsciously sounds like fingernails across a chalkboard.
Now, you can one-up your personal iPhone a-hole with this comforting fact: Their almighty cell phone from God won't let them watch South Park because it thinks it's too offensive for their delicate sensibilities.
Matt Stone: The TV Squad Interview - VIDEO
The creators of Comedy Central's South Park have a rare, carte blanche contract to write, produce, star and create just about whatever they want. If they think it's cool or funny or particularly meaningful, that's enough fuel to get things burning.
One of those projects found its way to the small screen, a weekly travel news show called How's Your News?, which premieres on MTV this Sunday at 10:30 PM ET. It features a band of handicapped reporters talking to celebrities and on-the-street schmoes about anything that's on their minds. It started as a series of short films and turned into a critically acclaimed documentary. Stone told me that this time, the ambition and imagination that fueled this project came from its true stars.
South Park is officially not cool, thanks to my dad
This year, my brother and I flew home with my old man - who hates it when I call him "my old man" - the day before Thanksgiving. That's when a shocker of "Who shot J.R."-esque proportions dropped on the table.
My Dad officially announced that he watches South Park.
Mega South Park hub being developed for online fans
In addition to a recent contract signed by South Park creators Matt Stone and Trey Parker than will have us enjoying South Park episodes through at least 2011, fans will soon have an online destination through which to enjoy (legal) South Park material.
The New York Times article doesn't go into a lot of detail about what sort of material will be available at this new destination, though fans should recognize the URL: SouthParkStudios.com, which has been the official site for the series for quite some time now. The article does mention the possibility of "new applications" for the characters (whatever that means) and new concepts that could evolve into brand new comedy projects. There was no mention of streaming full episodes, though, which I'm sure is what fans want most of all.
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Parálisis Supranuclear Progresiva
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a rare brain disorder that causes serious and progressive problems with control of gait and balance, along with complex eye movement and thinking problems. One of the classic signs of the disease is an inability to aim the eyes properly, which occurs because of lesions in the area of the brain that coordinates eye movements. Some individuals describe this effect as a blurring. Affected individuals often show alterations of mood and behavior, including depression and apathy as well as progressive mild dementia.
The disorder's long name indicates that the disease begins slowly and continues to get worse (progressive), and causes weakness (palsy) by damaging certain parts of the brain above pea-sized structures called nuclei that control eye movements (supranuclear).
PSP was first described as a distinct disorder in 1964, when three scientists published a paper that distinguished the condition from Parkinson's disease. It is sometimes referred to as Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome, reflecting the combined names of the scientists who defined the disorder. Although PSP gets progressively worse, no one dies from PSP itself.
Approximately 20,000 Americans—or one in every 100,000 people over the age of 60—have PSP, making it much less common than Parkinson's disease, which affects more than 500,000 Americans. Affected individuals are usually middle-aged or elderly, and men are affected more often than women. PSP is often difficult to diagnose because its symptoms can be very much like those of other, more common movement disorders, and because some of the most characteristic symptoms may develop late or not at all.
The most frequent first symptom of PSP is a loss of balance while walking. Individuals may have unexplained falls or a stiffness and awkwardness in gait. Sometimes the falls are described by the person experiencing them as attacks of dizziness.
Other common early symptoms are changes in personality such as a loss of interest in ordinary pleasurable activities or increased irritability, cantankerousness, and forgetfulness. Individuals may suddenly laugh or cry for no apparent reason, they may be apathetic, or they may have occasional angry outbursts, also for no apparent reason. It must be emphasized that the pattern of signs and symptoms can be quite different from person to person.
As the disease progresses, most people will begin to develop a blurring of vision and problems controlling eye movement. In fact, eye problems usually offer the first definitive clue that PSP is the proper diagnosis. Individuals affected by PSP have trouble voluntarily shifting their gaze downward, and also can have trouble controlling their eyelids. This can lead to involuntary closing of the eyes, prolonged or infrequent blinking, or difficulty in opening the eyes.
Another common visual problem is an inability to maintain eye contact during a conversation. This can give the mistaken impression that the person is hostile or uninterested.
Speech usually becomes slurred and swallowing solid foods or liquids can be difficult.
In rare cases, the symptoms will be more similar to those of Parkinson disease, and some individuals may even have tremors. This version is often referred to as "Parkinsonian PSP" or PSP-P.
We know that the symptoms of PSP are caused by a gradual deterioration of brain cells in a few specific areas in the brain, mainly in the region called the brainstem. One of these areas, the substantia nigra, is also affected in Parkinson's disease, and damage to this region of the brain accounts in part for the motor symptoms that PSP and Parkinson's have in common.
Scientists do not fully know what causes these brain cells to degenerate, but it is known that a hallmark of the disease is the accumulation of an abnormal protein called tau. There is no evidence that PSP is contagious, and genetic factors have not been implicated in most individuals. No ethnic or racial groups have been affected more often than any others, and PSP is no more likely to occur in some geographic areas than in others.
There are, however, several theories about PSP's cause. One possibility is that an unconventional virus-like agent infects the body and takes years or decades to start producing visible effects. Another possibility is that random genetic mutations, of the kind that occur in all of us all the time, happen to occur in particular cells or certain genes, in just the right combination to injure these cells. A third possibility is that there is exposure to some unknown chemical in the food, air, or water which slowly damages certain vulnerable areas of the brain. This theory stems from a clue found on the Pacific island of Guam, where a common neurological disease occurring only there and on a few neighboring islands shares some of the characteristics of PSP, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's disease). Its cause is thought to be a dietary factor or toxic substance found only in that area.
Another possible cause of PSP is cellular damage caused by free radicals, reactive molecules produced continuously by all cells during normal metabolism. Although the body has built-in mechanisms for clearing free radicals from the system, scientists suspect that, under certain circumstances, free radicals can react with and damage other molecules. A great deal of research is directed at understanding the role of free radical damage in human diseases.
Initial complaints in PSP are typically vague and an early diagnosis is always difficult. The primary complaints fall into these categories: 1) symptoms of disequilibrium, such as unsteady walking or abrupt and unexplained falls without loss of consciousness; 2) visual complaints, including blurred vision, difficulties in looking up or down, double vision, light sensitivity, burning eyes, or other eye trouble; 3) slurred speech; and 4) various mental complaints such as slowness of thought, impaired memory, personality changes, and changes in mood.
PSP is often misdiagnosed because some of its symptoms are very much like those of Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and more rare neurodegenerative disorders, such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. In fact, PSP is most often misdiagnosed as Parkinson's disease early in the course of the illness. Memory problems and personality changes may also lead a physician to mistake PSP for depression, or even attribute symptoms to some form of dementia. The key to diagnosing PSP is identifying early gait instability and difficulty moving the eyes, the hallmark of the disease, as well as ruling out other similar disorders, some of which are treatable.
Both PSP and Parkinson's disease cause stiffness, movement difficulties, and clumsiness. However, people with PSP usually stand straight or occasionally even tilt their heads backward (and tend to fall backward), while those with Parkinson's disease usually bend forward. Problems with speech and swallowing are much more common and severe in PSP than in Parkinson's disease, and tend to show up earlier in the course of the disease. Eye movements are abnormal in PSP but close to normal in Parkinson's disease. Both diseases share other features: onset in late middle age, bradykinesia (slow movement), and rigidity of muscles. Tremor, very common in individuals with Parkinson's disease, is rare in PSP. Although individuals with Parkinson's disease markedly benefit from the drug levodopa, people with PSP respond poorly and only transiently to this drug.
PSP gets progressively worse but is not itself directly life-threatening. It does, however, predispose individuals to serious complications such as pneumonia secondary to difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia). The most common complications are choking and pneumonia, head injury, and fractures caused by falls. The most common cause of death is pneumonia. With good attention to medical and nutritional needs, it is possible for most individuals with PSP to live a decade or more after the first symptoms of the disease.
There is currently no effective treatment for PSP, although scientists are searching for better ways to manage the disease. In some individuals the slowness, stiffness, and balance problems of PSP may respond to antiparkinsonian agents such as levodopa, but the effect is usually temporary.
Excessive eye closing can respond to botulinum injections.
Non-drug treatment for PSP can take many forms. Individuals frequently use weighted walking aids because of their tendency to fall backward. Bifocals or special glasses called prisms are sometimes prescribed for people with PSP to remedy the difficulty of looking down. Formal physical therapy is of no proven benefit in PSP, but certain exercises can be done to keep the joints limber.
A gastrostomy (or a jejunostomy) may be necessary when there are swallowing disturbances or the definite risk of severe choking. This minimally invasive surgical procedure involves the placement of a tube through the skin of the abdomen into the stomach (intestine) for feeding purposes. Deep brain stimulation and other surgical procedures used in individuals with Parkinson's disease have not been proven effective in PSP.
Studies to improve the diagnosis of PSP have recently been conducted at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). Experiments to find the cause or causes of PSP are currently under way. Clinical trials are testing medications used for other conditions in PSP, but the results so far have not been very encouraging.
In addition, there is a great deal of ongoing research on Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases at the National Institutes of Health and at university medical centers throughout the country. Better understanding of those common related disorders will go a long way toward solving the problem of PSP, just as studying PSP may help shed light on Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases.
For more information on neurological disorders or research programs funded by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, contact the Institute's Brain Resources and Information Network (BRAIN) at:
P.O. Box 5801
Bethesda, MD 20824
(800) 352-9424
Information also is available from the following organizations:
|CUREPSP (Foundation for PSP|CBD and Related Brain Diseases)
30 E. Padonia Road, Ste. 201
Timonium, MD 21093
Tel: 410-785-7004 800-457-4777
Fax: 410-785-7009
NIH Publication No. 11-3897
Back to Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Information Page
See a list of all NINDS Disorders
Prepared by:
Office of Communications and Public Liaison
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
National Institutes of Health
Bethesda, MD 20892
NINDS health-related material is provided for information purposes only and does not necessarily represent endorsement by or an official position of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke or any other Federal agency. Advice on the treatment or care of an individual patient should be obtained through consultation with a physician who has examined that patient or is familiar with that patient's medical history.
All NINDS-prepared information is in the public domain and may be freely copied. Credit to the NINDS or the NIH is appreciated.
Last updated February 6, 2015


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I Know A Guy Home Repairs - Unlicensed Contractor
Mesa, AZ 85142
I Know A Guy Home Repairs - Unlicensed Contractor
I Know a Guy Home Repairs is all about providing affordable, quality home repairs. We operate an honest business, and enjoy accumulating satisified customers. Rather than only looking forward to the next customer or job, we value return customers. Our core belief is doing the work right the first time, everytime. I Know a Guy Home Repairs is a Handyman Service specializing in Carpentry, Plumbing, Rental Property Repairs, Tenant Improvements, and other types of home repairs. We provide free estimates, excellent customer service and quality craftsmanship at reasonable, up-front rates. You can call us for your FREE estimate at: (480) 577-3616 or email us at firstname.lastname@example.com. Whether it is a faucet or a toilet that would not stop running, a door that does not bind, or a flat-panel television hung on a wall. Mark wants you to be happy that you called I Know a Guy Home Repairs for your home repair needs. Thank you for taking the time to view our profile.
Services Offered
Audio/Visual & Computers
Handyman Services
Service Area
- Mesa
- Gilbert
Areas of Expertise
- Handyman for Home Improvement
Product Brands Used
- Dunn Edwards Paint
Quick Facts
Business Hours(Please call to confirm)
- Small Jobs Welcome
- Free Estimates
- Credit Cards Accepted
In Business Since: 2000
ScreeningHomeAdvisor Screened. View Details
*HomeAdvisor verifies state-level licensing where applicable - note: some states require local or county level licensing and you should verify whether or not your pro is properly licensed.
I Know A Guy Home Repairs - Unlicensed Contractor
I Know A Guy Home Repairs - Unlicensed Contractor
480-567-94385652 East Flossmoor Avenue
Mesa, AZ 85142