text:
World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - Colombia : Overview
|Minority Rights Group International
|Publication Date
|May 2008
|Cite as
|Minority Rights Group International, World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - Colombia : Overview, May 2008, available at: http://www.refworld.org/docid/4954ce5dc.html [accessed 5 October 2015]
|This is not a UNHCR publication. UNHCR is not responsible for, nor does it necessarily endorse, its content. Any views expressed are solely those of the author or publisher and do not necessarily reflect those of UNHCR, the United Nations or its Member States.
Updated May 2008
Colombia is the fourth largest country in Latin America (1,141,748 square kilometres) and has the second largest population (over 44 million inhabitants). Colombia is bordered to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; to the North by the Atlantic Ocean, through the Caribbean Sea; and to the west by Panama and the Pacific Ocean.
Main languages: Spanish, 64 official indigenous languages, Bande, Creole, Palanquero
Main religions: Christianity (majority Roman Catholic), Judaism, indigenous and Afro-Colombian religions.
Main minority groups: 1,378.884 (3,4%) people belonging to various indigenous groups, 4,261,996 (10,5%) Afro-Colombians and 4.832 (0.01%) Roma (gypsies), Mestizo 58%, White 20%, Mulatto 14% (DANE 2005, CIA Factbook 2006)
Colombia has more than eighty indigenous peoples living in a variety of ecological zones and the second largest African descendent population in Latin America after Brazil which includes palenqueros, the descendants of maroon communities, and raizales, the English speaking Caribbean communities, in San Andres and Providencia.
Colombia's history has been characterized by frequent periods of political violence and protracted civil war dating back to as early as the second half of the 19th century. The historic origins of the conflict can be traced back to traditional power struggles for political dominance and control of natural resources (e.g. land) waged between ruling political elites of the conservative (PC) and liberal parties (PL). The periods of 1899-1903 and 1948-1953 (La Violencia) were marked by bloody civil war and enduring phases of high intensity violence resulting in at least 200,000 deaths. (International Crisis Group – ICG, 2006).
In 1958 the PL and the PC formed a power sharing arrangement which excluded other political parties, sparking the emergence of the left wing guerrilla movements: Ejercito de Liberation Nacional (ELN), Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia – Ejercito del Pueblo (FARC-EP), and into the 1970s the M-19 movement whose leaders eventually laid down their arms in 1989 and later became highly visible and influential in conventional politics.
The nature and roots of Colombia's conflict have evolved over time. Today the conflict is deemed to be less based on political ideology and much more rooted in territorial and natural resource control involving international private capital, drug traffickers, right wing paramilitaries, leftist guerrillas, government forces, and military and economic interventions from powerful western governments such as the United States.
Initially the ELN and FARC declared their aims to be ridding the country of corrupt neo-imperialistic ruling elite whose power had always been based on patronage and exclusion (ICG, 2006). According to guerrilla propaganda such elites remain guilty of dispossessing the masses of their right and access to the land, and continue to exclude them from enjoying the benefits of the country's wealth.
But the conflict has persisted with both left wing and right wing armed groups becoming heavily involved in and reliant on the narcotics trade as a means of funding their war and amassing private wealth. Today the paramilitaries and drug traffickers are said to control over 40% of the nation's cultivable land and the FARC are currently recognized as being the most wealthy and powerful organized rebel group in Latin America, who now control a quarter of Colombian national territory (American Anthropological Association (AAA), 2003).
The greatest number of victims are civilians, and the majority of these are drawn from Afro-Colombian and indigenous communities, who as a result of the conflict have become victims of severe human rights violations, including forced displacements and disappearances, kidnappings, massacres, selected and systematic killings of their leaders, and the illegal usurpation of their lands, amongst other crimes. Such groups have become deeply marginalized and neglected by the state, and are worst affected by the violence. They also continue to suffer the highest levels of poverty and lack access to basic social services such as healthcare and education.
However, it must be stressed that this pattern of abuse did not start in the present round of conflict, but throughout their collective history, beginning in 1492 with the arrival of Christopher Columbus and the conquest of the Spanish colonists.
The indigenous peoples were known to have lived on their territories for hundreds of years before Columbus' arrival. The conquest led to the enslavement, and physical and cultural decimation of the indigenous peoples, forced displacement from their ancestral lands, and the plundering of the natural resources found within them. 100 years after the colonial invasion the indigenous population had been reduced by 90% and by the beginning of the sixteenth century the colonists were shipping in African slaves to replace them as manpower. (DANE, 2005).
By 1520 the colonists were shipping in 4000 African slaves every year, the majority of whom ended up working the plantations and mines. However by the end of the 16th century slave revolts and break-outs began to constitute a grave problem for the Spanish crown, as escaped slaves, who became known as Cimarrons began to organize politically and militarily in maroon or palenque communities which they protected with fences and arms (DANE 2005). The palenque community of San Basilio in the municipality of Mahates de Bolivar established in 1603 has been declared as the first free town of the Americas. It was able to survive through colonialism and its inhabitants have been able to preserve their culture until the present day, which is expressed through their language and traditional Afro-centric culture (DANE, 2005).
The Roma also constitute a significant ethnic minority in Colombia and their roots can be traced back to the arrival of Christopher Columbus who was said to have brought 4 gypsies to the Americas on his third expedition. These four were said to have been beneficiaries of a 'pardon' granted to them by the Spanish crown which gave them the opportunity to set up home and begin afresh in the newly discovered Americas (DANE 2005).
By the 1970s indigenous and Afro-Colombian political and social movements became more consolidated and coherent in their strategies for the defence of their cultures, identities, land rights, traditional knowledge systems, languages and autonomy. Such struggles were later to be brought to fruition in the Constitution of 1991 which made minorities more visible in national life and sought to guarantee their fundamental human, political, social, economic and cultural rights.
Before the 1991 constitution, indigenous peoples were not recognised as equal citizens within the Colombian state and were not granted individual or collective civil, political, cultural, social and economic rights under Colombian law. Until then, indigenous peoples were defined and treated by the terms laid down in the law 089 of November 1890 which determined that the government in agreement with the church would decide on the way in which the Salvajes (savages) should be governed. The same law reduced the indigenous peoples to the status of children or 'minors' specifically in regards to the management of the reservations 'resguardos' which had been created and granted to them under Spanish colonial rule (DANE, 2005).
Although the original resguardo system established by colonists represented a strategy for social control, exploitation and segregation of the indigenous peoples (DANE, 2005), it later became the legal entity in which indigenous land rights became vested, and for which indigenous groups fought as part of their struggle for the reclamation of their rights. The movement initiated by the Paez farmer Manuel Quintin Lame, between 1910 and 1940 became the leading model and source of inspiration for successive indigenous movements and activists during the second half of the 20th century and into the 21st.
After much protest and organizing during the 1970s and 1980s there was large-scale titling of forest lands in indigenous communities. The government recognized the territorial rights of indigenous groups over some 1.8 million square kilometres of its Amazon area. Until the late 1980s it applied only to the lands of indigenous groups outside the forest areas who could base their claims on ancient title.
Colombia's constitution of 1991 drawn up by the National Constituent Assembly recognizes and protects the ethnic and cultural diversity of the Colombian nation. It concedes to minorities, ethnic, cultural, and territorial rights, and the right to autonomy and participation. It also declares the equality and dignity of all cultures as fundamental to national identity. It recognizes the languages spoken in Colombia as being official in the territories in which they are spoken. The Constitution also enshrines the right to bilingual and ethno-education for all minority groups and proffers double nationality to indigenous communities living in border areas (DANE, 2005).
As a result, minority ethnic groups have gained greater access and representation within national government and actively participate in political life at both regional and local level. Such developments have also led to the creation and development of independent and state funded minority focused institutions which have offered minority issues greater visibility and led to the limited political empowerment of these communities. Such institutions, include the Department for Ethnic Affairs within the Ministry of the Interior, the National Commission on Indigenous Rights, the National Indigenous Policy Council, the Afro-Colombian Mayors Council (AMUNAFRO) and the Congressional Black Associates, amongst many others. Indigenous councils and organizations have also become legally recognized and in ancestral territories or resguardos indigenous systems of justice are also officially recognized as holding jurisdiction.
In 1993 the National Constituent Assembly passed the law 60 (ley 60) which stipulated that the indigenous reservations would benefit from a certain percentage of state resource allocation proportional to the population found in the designated territory. In the same year, as a result of intense political pressure and campaigning from Afro-Colombian communities, the Constituent Assembly passed the law 70 (ley 70), which granted land titles for the collective territories of Afro-Colombian communities.
In 1999 the Roma population was recognized for the first time as a national ethnic group through resolution 0222 of 2 September of that year (DANE, 2005).
Non-implementation of Laws
However, despite these important political advances, in reality, application of these laws has been somewhat inconsistent and patchy, and in the worst of cases simply disregarded. For example, in the same year of 1993 when the law 60 and 70 were passed, ONIC, the National Colombian Indigenous Organization, issued a region by region protest concerning government failure to provide land titles, and against continuing invasion by colonists. ONIC sees the granting of land to forest peoples under the resguardo system as an advantage, but this land is subsequently being declared 'empty' and therefore the property of the state.
Among Afro-Colombians, Federal Law 70 only applies to the Pacific communities, but while it limits the use these communities make of natural resources, no such limitations are set on the activities of private national and international logging, oil, mining and biofuel companies. Subsequent laws on mining and other forms of resources extraction have served only to undermine provisions outlined in the constitution of 1991 guaranteeing minorities territorial rights and the right to manage the resources found within those territories.
Laws to limit migration from the mainland of Colombia in order to protect the indigenous Afro-Colombian raizal community in San Andres and Providencia have been poorly enforced and the raizal language and way of life are threatened by the wholesale buying and appropriation of the islanders lands by the tourism industry and foreign and mainland Colombian colonists (OHCHR, 2004).
Military aid and coca production
After Israel and Egypt, Colombia is the third largest recipient of US military aid. Since the signing into law of Plan Colombia in 2000 under the presidencies of Bill Clinton and Andres Pastrana, Colombia has received an estimated $US 600 million dollars annually in aid according to BBC reports 2003) and the large flow has continued during the Uribe administration.
Plan Colombia represents the US' controversial anti-narcotics strategy in the country which provides both military assistance (80%) to the government (technical and economic) to fight the 'war on drugs' and assistance for the restructuring of the country's economy (20%) (AAA, 2003). To date the plan has largely failed to meet its stated objectives of eradicating or substantially reducing the area of coca crops growing in the region. In contrast studies have shown that since its implementation in 2000 the area of crops grown has actually increased by 27% (Guardian, 05/06/07) and the price of cocaine on US streets has largely remained intact (AAA, 2003) Moreover Colombia still accounts for nearly 60% of the world's supply, according to the US drug enforcement administration.
Aside from these failures the Plan has been associated with much controversy. It has been criticized by human rights and civil society organisations for the adverse effects of the aerial fumigation program on the country's environment and civilian populations. The Plan is also criticized for the countless human rights abuses committed by paramilitaries working in conjunction with the state military in receipt of US aid. In particular, indigenous and other minority groups have been detrimentally affected and consider Plan Colombia to be "the military arm of a repressive U.S. economic policy in Latin America" (AAA, 2003).
According to the U.N.-sponsored International Verification Mission on the Humanitarian and Human Rights -Situation of Indigenous Peoples in Colombia, 45 percent of all of the indigenous deaths in the last 30 years occurred within the first Uribe term which coincided with the beginning of Plan Colombia.However despite such controversy and criticism, under the presidency of Alvaro Uribe Velez, Colombia continues to push for the continuation of the Plan and is considered as one of Washington's closest allies in the wider 'war on terror' in South America.
President Alvaro Uribe Velez
Alvaro Uribe Velez whose father was assassinated by the FARC in 1983 , came to power in 2002 with a hard-line election promise of cracking down on the guerrillas through his policy of 'democratic security'. Uribe was formerly governor of the department of Antioquia (1995-1998) where he proactively pushed for the creation of the network of rural security co-operatives, known as CONVIVIR, which sowed the seeds for the later establishment of the powerful right-wing paramilitary organization: Autodefensas de Colombia (AUC) ( BBC, 07/08/02).
From 2004 Uribe worked towards securing the demobilization of the paramilitaries and pushed through the new and extremely controversial Justice and Peace Law of 2005 (ley 975/05) which forms the legal basis for the process of justice, reconciliation and reparation for victims of the crimes perpetrated by the illegal armed actors within the conflict.
These moves have been welcomed as advances and funded by certain sectors of the international community, but indigenous, civil society and human rights groups have been less satisfied believing that law 0975/05 in reality serves only to consolidate impunity, does not offer adequate justice or reparation to victims, and excludes the investigation or prosecution of crimes committed directly by the state. In response, civil society and indigenous communities have organized national and regional victims' coalition movements (Movimiento de Victimas de los Crimines del Estado) which call for greater justice and reparations for victims and their loved ones, including the return and/or information on the whereabouts of the disappeared. They also specifically work to expose the crimes committed by the state including those carried out jointly by the army and AUC.
In 2006 President Uribe was re-elected for a second term . During his time in office he has pushed through radical economic neo-liberal reforms, which while pleasing to the US, the World Bank and IMF, have been strongly rejected by many sectors of civil society. In particular, and worst hit by far-reaching structural adjustments programmes, are small farmers and the wider rural population. Indigenous and Afro-Colombians have been disproportionately affected due to the fact that the majority of these populations reside mainly in rural areas (AAA, 2003), which are also the main zones of conflict
The Government continues to be eager to sign new trade agreements with the US however as of June 2008 these remain stuck in the US congress due to a refusal to act until the Colombian government deals with a number of human rights violations.
Large-scale anti-agreement protest marches in different parts of Colombia have been organized over the years against the TLC. On many occasions these have been met with blockades, open violence from state-security services, and the illegal detention of indigenous rights activists who are often accused of being collaborators with the FARC.
However with the advent of left wing administrations in Andean states like Ecuador, Bolivia, and Venezuela that are openly critical of US domination and free-market economic policies, the Uribe government also increasingly risks being perceived as a marginalized symbol of US geopolitical designs in the region. These neighbouring states have already established an alternative-trading bloc ALBA (Bolivian Alternative for the Americas – Alternativa Bolivariana para los Pueblos de Nuestra América) which they argue will better achieve social, political and economic integration between the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean.
ALBA which is spearheaded by Venezuela presents itself as an alternative to the US promoted Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) and a counterweight to trade and economic relationships with North America.
Moreover in a country where 49% of people live in poverty, increasing numbers of Indigenous and Afro Colombian poor are ever more likely to look favourably at any real or apparent social gains brought about in the neighbouring countries by the so called "Bolivarian Revolution": the name by which the processes of radical change led by Venezuela's Chavez is known.
President Alvaro Uribe Velez
Alvaro Uribe Velez whose father was assassinated in 1983 by the FARC, came to power in 2002 with a hard-line election promise of cracking down on the guerrillas through his policy of 'democratic security'. Uribe was formerly governor of the department of Antioquia (1995-1998) where he proactively pushed for the creation of the network of rural security co-operatives, known as CONVIVIR, which sewed the seeds for the later establishment of the powerful right-wing paramilitary organization: Autodefensas de Colombia (AUC) ( BBC, 07/08/02).
In 2006 he was re-elected for a second term running. From 2004 Uribe worked towards securing the demobilization of the paramilitaries and pushed through the new and extremely controversial Justice and Peace Law of 2005 (ley 975/05) which forms the legal basis for the process of justice, reconciliation and reparation for victims of the crimes perpetrated by the illegal armed actors within the conflict.
These moves have been welcomed as advances and funded by certain sectors of the international community, but indigenous, civil society and human rights groups have been less satisfied believing that law 0975/05 in realty serves only to consolidate impunity, does not offer adequate justice or reparation to victims, and excludes the investigation or prosecution of crimes committed directly by the state. In response, civil society and indigenous communities have organized national and regional victims' coalition movements (Movimiento de Victimas de los Crimines del Estado) which call for greater justice and reparations for victims and their loved ones, including the return and/or information on the whereabouts of the disappeared. They also specifically work to expose the crimes committed by the state including those carried out jointly by the army and AUC.
During his time in office Uribe has pushed through radical economic neo-liberal reforms, which while pleasing to the US, the World Bank and IMF, have been strongly rejected by many sectors of civil society. In particular, and worst hit by far-reaching structural adjustments programmes, are small farmers and the wider rural population. Indigenous and Afro-Colombians have been disproportionately affected due to the fact that the majority of these populations reside mainly in rural areas (AAA, 2003).
The government and the US Congress remain eager for the signing of a new TLC agreements which are due to be ratified later on this year. In response large scale protest marches in different parts of the country have been organized over the years which have been met on many occasions with violence and brutality from state-security services, blockades and the illegal detention of indigenous rights activists often accused of being collaborators with the FARC, who in turn have been seen as guilty of infiltrating such marches.
Current state of minorities and indigenous peoples
Despite the rights outlined in the Constitution of 1991 and the process of paramilitary demobilization – which began in 2002, minority ethnic communities have not seen great improvements to their quality of life and continue to be the victims of grievous human right abuses committed within the context of the conflict. Communities steadily witness the illegal usurpation of their lands by colonists, international private capital, powerful landowners, drug traffickers and illegal armed actors (www.etniasdecolombia.org), and many remain excluded and without access to basic health services, education, housing and secure food supplies. At the hands of the church and international religious missionaries minority communities are also subject to forms of cultural aggression (www.etniasdecolombia.org), which they see as indirectly capitalizing on their physical and economic vulnerability, and geographical isolation and displacement.
War and poverty
Overall, Colombia's minorities are disproportionately affected by the violence of the war while also experiencing some of the highest levels of poverty. Many analysts on the reasons why such a situation has emerged point to the fact that 1) most communities are rural and up to now the insurgency has been waged mainly in rural areas 2) many minority communities live in the zones of highest conflict disputed by armed groups because of their strategic importance and 3) nearly 80% of the mineral and energy resources of the country (water, minerals, oil, biodiversity) are found in the 27% of the national territory that is collectively and inalienably owned by indigenous and Afro-Colombian communities (Jackson, American Anthropological Association, 2003, OHCHR, 2004). These resources are of interest to many parties resulting in minorities frequently finding themselves caught up in the midst of the cross fire (AAA, 2003). The most historically tragic example of this kind to occur was the death of 119 people of the Afro-Colombian community of Bella Vista, Bojaya in 2002, who were caught up amidst fighting between warring leftist guerrilla and right-wing paramilitary forces.
"A slow and systematic ethnocide"
Afro-Colombian and indigenous social and political activists consistently reiterate the fact of their communities being victim to slow and systematic ethnocide, and such claims were supported in the 2004 reports of the UN Special Rapporteur on Indigenous issues and the UN Rapporteur on Racism, Racial Discrimination and Xenophobia. There are no exact figures which disaggregate the number of fatalities due to the conflict based on ethnicity, despite calls for the government to do so by the same UN Rapporteurs. However according the CRIC ( Colombia Regional Indigenous Council), from 2002-2006 584 indigenous people were murdered for political or social reasons. The number of such murders since 1974 is said to have reached 2,036 (www.americas.org).
The current state of Colombia's indigenous and minority populations continues to be a point of grave concern to various agencies of the United Nations. In April 2005 UNHCR issued a press release in which it cited Colombia's indigenous population as being in danger of extinction as a direct result of the conflict. This claim was again repeated in OHCHR's report of March 2007 on the human rights situation in Colombia. Although indigenous peoples make up 2-3% of the population they account for 8% of all internally displaced peoples. Virtually all indigenous groups in Colombia have been affected by forced displacement or are at serious risk of being displaced from their ancestral lands (UNHCR, 2005). Similarly Afro-Colombians are also disproportionately affected by this phenomenon, representing 17% of all IDPs.
The illegal development and implementation of mega-projects on ancestral lands and collective territories represent another source of aggression against minority communities and an obstacle to their enjoyment of the rights assigned to them under the constitution of 1991. The implementation of mega-projects in the name of economic development and modernization, together with state authorized fumigation programmes carried out with funds provided by Plan Colombia, have been rejected and resisted by communities who view such projects as violating their individual and collective human rights by fuelling environmental and social conflict in their territories.
Mega-projects pushed forward at the behest of oil, logging, mining and biofuel multinationals with the consent of the Colombian government have been accompanied by large scale forced displacement, massacres, selective killings, death threats and intimidation, further impoverishment and increasing environmental degradation in minority territories. Such abuses are reportedly perpetrated by all armed actors, although communities insist that there are established links/contracts between multinational corporations and right-wing paramilitaries who are instrumental in implementing powerful corporate interests through the use of violence and terror (www.etniasdecolombia.org).
The process of prior consultation with minority communities by multinational corporations requesting permission to exploit the natural resources found with collective and ancestral territories, as enshrined in the constitution of 1991, is a process which has either been completely disregarded by such actors, in collusion with the government, or if and when carried out, has been done so in a way that is deceptive and misleading to communities.
In July 2007 600 members of the Awa indigenous community, who were returnees from earlier displacement in 2006, once again came under pressure due to alleged FARC minefields planted throughout their Magüí reservation. In July 2007 five community members including two children, were killed by landmines prompting another mass exodus into neighbouring rural areas and the urban zone of Ricaurte.
Also in July 2007 OCHA was informed of an increase in the forced recruitment of Afro-Colombians in the Pacific Coast town of Olaya Herrera. This is part of a countrywide pattern whereby young people are forced to join the fighting forces. Students in some areas stopped attending classes during 2007 out of fear of paramilitary unit recruitment.
In July 2007 a coalition of national and international NGOs presented a formal report to the Inter-American Commission Human Rights focusing on child recruitment and demobilisation. An estimated 13,000 children comprising 25% of all combatants in the Colombian conflict are now under 18 years old.
Land and aid
Meanwhile the US government aid agency USAID in 2007 continued to fund projects in which the demobilized rightwing paramilitary members are given land to cultivate in an effort to resettle those who agree to be disarmed. Activists point out this resettlement is usually at expense of Afro-Colombians since the lands are mostly located in historically Afro-Colombian areas.
The issue is further complicated by the increasing interest of wealthy Colombian investors in bio-fuels. In 2007 oil palm planters took advantage of the growing depopulation of the Afro-Colombian countryside to expand their holdings. They are accused of using armed guards and paramilitaries to drive reluctant people off the land as well as assassinating Afro-Colombian activists
In September 2006, paramilitary gunmen invaded the home of Juan de Dios García, an Afro-Colombian community leader in the city of Buenaventura. As a member of Proceso de Comunidades Negras (PCN) he had been trying to recover land inhabited by Afro-Colombians for five centuries.
Advocates for Colombia's 3.6 million internally displaced population continued to insist in 2007 that land taken over by paramilitaries should be returned to former owners; mostly poor and marginalized Afro-Colombians and indigenous people. García escaped but seven members of his family were killed by the gunmen who reportedly arrived in police and army vehicles.
State forces also acted against protestors on 15 and 16 May 2007 in Cauca and Nariño Departments. Security agents allegedly used excessive force during mass demonstrations that involved Afro-descendant and Indigenous protesters. At least one demonstrator died.
In July 2007 over 2200 people including small farmers, Afro-Colombians, and indigenous people, gathered in Bogotá to protest attacks. They reaffirmed that crimes committed by paramilitary groups were part of systematic, planned actions directly permitted by the State. Thereafter the National Coordinating Organization of Displaced Persons CND and the Yira Castro Legal Corporation who function as rights defenders, began receiving threatening e-mails.
Nevertheless such protests seemed to have had some effect. In January 2008 prosecutors opened a formal investigation into 23 oil palm plantation owners in Uraba for alleged links with paramilitary forces.
Inter-American Court of Human Rights
Rights defence has long been a high-risk occupation in Colombia. On 4 July 2007, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights condemned the Colombian state for the 1998 extra-judicial execution of the Nasa Yuwe indigenous community leader and rights defender Germán Escué, who fought against territorial dispossession.
The Court held the Colombian state responsible for arbitrary and abusive intervention in the home of Germán and his family, and for making them wait four years for the return of the remains. This had spiritual and moral repercussions since indigenous Nasa Yuwe culture considers interment a mandatory sacred act that ensures collective harmony and balance.
As reparation the Court required the Colombian government to very publicly acknowledge its responsibility. This involves prosecuting those responsible, establishing a Community Development Fund in German Escué's memory, providing his daughter with a full university scholarship, and specialized physical and mental healthcare for family members.
Hostility, hostages and helicopters
In early 2008 the continuing violence in Colombia assumed a decidedly international dimension and turned the spotlight on a prominent advocate for the Afro-Colombian population. In March 2008 a raid by Colombian troops on a FARC camp in Ecuadorian territory heightened diplomatic tensions and prompted Ecuador and Venezuela to send troops to Colombia's borders.
Rights activists including a spokesperson from the American Friends Services Committee have pointed out that such cross border raids have been a regular experience for indigenous and African descendants on the Ecuadorian side of the border for at least the past few years and especially following the initiation of Plan Colombia.
However this particular raid set off a chain reaction internationally and within Colombia itself with further implications for Colombia's best-known Afro-Colombian politician, Liberal Party Senator Piedad Córdoba.
The March 1 2008 cross border assault included the use of US provided smart bombs which killed FARC second-in -command and hostage negotiator Raul Reyes and 25 others, but apparently left three laptop computers intact and able to provide allegedly incriminating information, according to Interpol.
In May 2008 following an investigation of the retrived computer files the Colombian Government announced the opening of an international legal investigation of contacts between FARC rebels and journalists, foreigners, human rights activists and opposition politicians including Afro Colombian senator Piedad Córdoba.
Since August 2007 Senator Córdoba under the direct authorization of President Uribe, had been playing a major and very visible international mediating role, helping Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez broker the release of six out of FARC's 45 high profile hostages in a prisoner swap deal. Some of these like Córdoba 's onetime Liberal Party colleague the French-Colombian politican Ingrid Betancourt, have been held by the rebel group for over six years.
Senator Córdoba who has survived two assassination attempts and continues to receive death threats, is herself a former hostage, having been kidnapped and held captive in 1999 by the AUC paramilitary group. After her release she sought asylum in Canada, and returned to Columbia 14 months later when the authorities deemed it safe.
Requests for access to the relevant computer files by 11 other governments and even by the Colombian Supreme Court, during June 2008 have been ignored by Colombian and U.S. officials in whose custody the materials remain.
Meanwhile the Colombian government has indicated it is waiting on the International Police Organization (Interpol) to support the findings implicating Córdoba, at which point they will hand over the information to the country's Prosecution.
In May 2008 Interpol said it had found no indication that anyone had tampered with the computer files Colombia claims belonged to the FARC and which were in the governments' custody one month before being handed over to the international police body.
However according to a missive released by the Ecuadorian Foreign Relations Ministry Interpol has informed the Ecuadorian Presidential office that its investigation of the laptop computers "does not determine if the computers provided were (actually) found in the FARC guerrilla camp during the incursion on March 1st, (or) if they effectively belonged to Raúl Reyes, and even less so their contents."
On the other hand Córdoba has accused the government of trying to use -what has come to be called – 'farcopolitics' as a means of diverting attention from the ongoing 'parapolitics' scandal that erupted in late 2006, according to Colombia Reports, an independent news organization based in Medellín, Colombia.
The 'parapolitics' scandal also involves a retrieved computer files and has caused severe political damage to the Uribe administration and its allies in the Colombian Congress More than 60 legislators are under investigation or in jail awaiting trial for suspected collaboration with paramilitary bosses, their associated assassinations and instances of military imposed electoral fraud.
Several very prominent members of the Government including the defence minister, regional governors and Colombian foreign service officials are accused of having secret political ties to right-wing paramilitary groups which have been responsible for thousands of murders of indigenous people, rural families, worker rights advocates and human rights defenders.
In the meantime the families of prisoners held by FARC continued to call for a resumption of the mediation process and in early June 2008 Yolanda Pulecio, mother of FARCs highest profile hostage Ingrid Betancourt, continued to publicly voice support for Senator Córdoba and her efforts to obtain Betancourt's release. However the overall dynamic including Córdoba's possible ongoing mediating role changed dramatically on 2 July 2008 when a joint US / Colombian Army special task force mounted a helicopter borne rescue operation on a FARC hostage camp in south eastern Colombia, freeing Bentancourt and 14 others who were also held captive.


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SOUTHFIELD, Mich. – Lawrence Technological University will acquire the first environmental scanning electron microscope in the metro Detroit area with a $769,744 grant from the National Science Foundation.
The new microscope to be housed in Lawrence Tech's College of Engineering will be used for both research and education at Lawrence Tech. In addition it will be used for research projects at Wayne State University, Oakland University, the William Beaumont Research Institute and the General Motors Research and Development Center.
The electron microscope can be used to scientifically characterize wet, oily, porous and soft materials which are traditionally considered impossible to study using conventional microscopy techniques.
This will greatly enhance a variety of research activities conducted at Lawrence Tech and its collaborating institutions in biomaterials, orthopedics, tissue engineering, construction materials, automotive components and lithium ion batteries.
This microscope can produce very high-resolution images of a sample surface, revealing details less than a nanometer in size, which is one billionth of a meter. The maximum magnification of more than 500,000 times is about 250 times the magnification limit of the best light microscopes. This piece of equipment has a large depth of field yielding a three-dimensional image that is useful for studying surface structure.
"The environmental scanning electron microscope will strengthen the existing materials research infrastructure at Lawrence Tech and our partnering institutions, and enhance the research and educational experiences of a large number of students at Lawrence Tech and other universities," said Assistant Professor Yawen Li, the principal investigator for the NSF grant.
Li said Lawrence Tech will also use the electron microscope to develop laboratory programs that will strength Lawrence Tech's leading role in the metro Detroit area in increasing the number of women and underrepresented students entering science and engineering.
In applying for the grant, Lawrence Tech outlined research projects that would be made possible with the new equipment:
Lawrence Technological University, ltu.edu, offers more than 100 undergraduate, master's and doctoral degree programs in the Colleges of Architecture and Design, Arts and Sciences, Engineering and Management. Founded in 1932, the 4,500-student, private university pioneered evening classes and today has a growing number of weekend and online programs. Lawrence Tech's 102-acre campus is in Southfield, and programs are also offered in Detroit, Lansing, Petoskey and Traverse City. Lawrence Tech also offers programs with partner universities in Canada, Mexico, Europe, the Middle East and Asia.

subset: commoncrawl


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Day 8 of the 19 Deals of Christmas is EA Sports Day. Read More
Save up to 50% on over 200 video games for Cyber Monday Read More
These are some Black Friday deals from stores you Know, but don't usually go to for games. Read More
Battlefield 3 improves on Xbox LIVE, but still number 2 for the week of October 31st Read More
People still play Call of Duty?! Who would have known? Read More
EA Sports gives fans the power to choose what golfers to be featured alongside Tiger Woods in EA Sports Tiger Woods PGA Tour 13 Read More
New NCAA Football 12 promotion makes going to the movie theater worth it Read More
EA Sports Community Manager, Justin Dewiel, has addressed two of the main bugs in NCAA FOotball 12, updating fans on EA's progress fixing them.No Hud Read More
Larry Hyrb, Xbox Live's Major Nelson, released the weekly Xbox LIVE activity charts for the week of August 29 on his blog yesterday. The four charts Read More
With few titles worth mentioning - aside from Dues Ex: Human Revolution - analysts expected August's sales numbers to look a lot like July's: dismal. Read More
I'll be the first to admit, I did not enjoy Madden 11. None of the issues were addressed from previous entries on the current gen systems. Features t Read More
While the three goliath games on the top LIVE titles rarely change, many have been waiting to see how the Summer of Arcade titles are doing, especial Read More
Larry Hyrb, Xbox Live's Major Nelson, posted on his blog the LIVE activity chart for the week of July 25th. You can see the four charts, which cover Read More
Larry Hryb, better known as Xbox Live's Major Nelson, has released the latest activity charts for the week of July 18th. Black Ops continues to domin Read More
A college football Saturday is unlike any other normal Saturday. Fans tailgate hours before gates even open, bands play their school songs, and playe Read More
The week in video games is coming to a close, and GameZone has you covered with reviews, previews, and special features. In case you missed any of th Read More


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GIANT-SIZE X-POSITION: Lemire Launches "Extraordinary X-Men" - Part 2
Comic Books
Showing results 1438-1457 of 2602
The other "American Vampire" story keeps going. This one follows Cash McCogan and Felicia Book on their mission as Vassals of the Morning Star.
Haven't you heard there's a new Spider-Man in town? The rest of the issue is pretty good too.
"Dark Times" continues to explore the galaxy of Star Wars in the early days of the Empire.
Moon Knight and Echo go on a date (of sorts) and wind up running afoul of the Night Shift.
Batman and Joker go at it for the bajillionth time. This time, however, it's different. In more ways than one.
Robert Kirkman and Rob Liefeld give you a new Image comics read that involves time travel and plays to Liefeld's over-the-top, weapons-laden, shoulder-pad-bearing tendencies to drawing characters.
Etrigan. Ragman. Batman. I thought you really wouldn't need much more for a good comic. Yeah. I was wrong.
Odin and Galactus engage in battle the likes of which hasn't been seen in comics in quite some time.
Scott Snyder writing Joker, James Gordon, James Junior, Dick Grayson, and Barbara Gordon. Yes sir, this is going to be a good story.
The first volume of "Marineman" wraps up, leaving Steve Ocean and his supporting cast completely different than the way they were six issues ago. Oh, and there's a dude with an octopus for his head.
Ben Grimm, empowered by a hammer delivered by the Serpent, decides that it's time for another Thing-Hulk slobberknocker.
"Fear Itself" continues to stretch through the Marvel Universe, grabbing hold of Ben Grimm and turning him against his family and the future, which are one and the same with the Future Foundation.
The War of the Green Lanterns is over. Mogo is dead. Hal Jordan has been returned to Earth. Sinestro, wearing the ring of Sector 2814 decides to start whining. Good times.
With a spring in his step and a smile on his face, Daredevil returns to monthly comics. Mark Waid's writing it and Paolo Rivera's drawing it. Oh! Marcos Martin draws some too.
After a seven-month layover, the second issue of "Lady Mechanika" hits the stands and is, surprisingly, worth the wait.
The original non-team team pulls back together in this issue. It's a nifty little one-shot featuring the Hulk, Dr. Strange, Silver Surfer, and Namor.
Sugar Man takes one on the tongue, and somehow, through that adventure, Abnett and Lanning almost make him an interesting character. Almost.
Take off to the great white north with Greg Pak, Fred Van Lente, and Dale Eaglesham as they give the members of Alpha Flight a reason to be concerned or the future of Canada.
The "War of the Green Lanterns" concludes, wrapping up a half-decade of event after event for the Green Lantern Corps.
In the midst of "Fear Itself," the American Panther makes his debut! And he's perhaps not as silly or toyetic as you might think.


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Assumption's social life has a lot to offer. The Office of Student Activities works closely with students, faculty and campus groups like the Campus Activities Board to organize, publicize and implement a wide variety of cocurricular activities ranging from lectures to performances to opportunities to have fun with your family.
Major events include:
Family Weekend
Family Weekend allows Assumption students an excuse to see family and friends from home. It takes place during the fall semester and features an active carnival, evening programs, and plenty to do for family members of all ages.
Siblings' Weekend
Siblings Weekend is some serious fun for the brothers and sisters of Assumption students. It takes place in the spring semester and provides activities for siblings of all ages with inflatable bounce houses, various take home novelties, and evening programs that is sure to leave lasting memories.
Formal Events
Assumption students dress up for two major formal events twice a year for a Winter and Spring Ball. These events are geared to Juniors and Seniors and have traditionally been held off campus.
Each Spring students are treated to a major concert which is voted on by the student body. Past performers include: Gavin DeGraw; Third Eye Blind; Sarah Bareilles; Jay Sean and O.A.R.
Sponsored events also include:
Club Charlie's
Charlie's at Hagan Campus Center is transformed into a night club with off campus guest DJs and pub trivia.
Movie Nights
Every weekend, Hagan Campus Center is transformed into the "local movie theatre." Students enjoy a free movie with complimentary popcorn and snacks.
Christmas in Charlie's
The last day of classes of the Fall semester is celebrated with Christmas cheer. The Office of Student Activities and various student organizations treat students to holiday activities and treats.
Leadership Breakfast
Once a year, the Office of Student Activities hosts a leadership speaker and a hot breakfast for the Assumption student body to give them the opportunity to enhance their leadership skills.
Club and Organization Fairs
At the beginning of the Fall and Spring semesters, clubs and organizations come together to share information with students who are looking to get involved in one of Assumption's 60 clubs and organizations.
Campus Activities Board
The Campus Activities Board (CAB) is a student-run organization that plans social events for the student body at least three times a month. From the big spring concert and holiday ball to coffee house concerts and big prize bingo, CAB's goal is to make sure that students are having fun, all semester long!
We're on Facebook and Twitter [AC_CAB]. Your social life's waiting!
Public Events
Learn more about what's happening at Assumption here.


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Journal Sentinel book editor Jim Higgins highlights things worth reading, in print and online
Sci-fi giant Orson Scott Card visits local bookstore Wednesday
Sci-fi great Orson Scott Card, winner of the both the Hugo and Nebula awards for his novels 'Ender's Game" and 'Speaker for the Dead,' visits Milwaukee's Boswell Book Company at 7 p.m. Oct. 31 to sign copies of his new young-adult novel, 'Ruins: Pathfinder Trilogy, Vol. 2.' »Read Full Blog Post
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Ender's Game was required reading in my ninth grade english class. It blew every kids mind. I remember it well. In this era of drone attacks by the military, it seems eerily relevant
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I've paired it with a galaxy tab 10.1 (p4wifi) running 4.4.4.
After a couple days I'm noticing the bluetooth between the tablet and the watch is "not connected".
I can toggle the watch connection on the tablet gear app, and the gear app will try to reconnect to the watch but fail.
(The gear app on the tablet/phone does an exponential back off which I think is odd cuz it will end up waiting a long time to reconnect if it fails a few times.)
In order to get it to reconnect I have to reboot the watch. Annoying.
Anyone see this? Maybe its an issue with the tablet?


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Having just hosted Sabio's recent Voice Biometrics for Financial Services executive dinner, I was struck by how relevant the issue is when I read a number of recent letters in the Sunday Times Money section that followed up an article titled 'Is anybody safe from the bank fraudsters?'
In my last blog I discussed how organisations need to work towards a better alignment between their mobile service solutions such as apps, and the experience offered in their contact centres. Brett Hunt from Nuance also echoed this in a recent blog1 he wrote for Sabio in August, where he stressed the requirement for more joined up cross-channel service. Brett emphasised that, from a technology perspective, there's now really nothing to stop organisations transforming how they engage with their customers.
When we saw Gary's recent tweet about how he was going through password hell we knew that many consumers shared his frustrations.
I was fascinated by the recent wide scale coverage by the BBC of the chap that managed to map 12,000 routes through to contact centre call steering menus.
Contact centre specialist assumes responsibility for end-to-end delivery of service around core Avaya, Verint and Nuance customer service platforms.
Insurance provider deploys powerful speech technology to help improve customer experience.
The key here is to determine the characteristics of a successful self-service device, and then apply them to all forms of self-service.
Today's reality is that there's a serious disconnect between financial services firms' security expectations and the customer's practical ability to deliver. Consequently, I think we're pushing ever closer to a position where a whole new security approach is required!
In getting ready for a recent Sabio Voice Biometrics round table event, I spent some time looking at how much of an impact security was having on my own life.
Consider the following case studies, detailing IVR Solutions implemented by our Speech IVR practice.


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|16 songs - 0% edited
|by david lappin
davys easy toplay no1
|Rod Stewart, Bob Marley, Paul Simon, Bruce Springsteen, John Lennon, Neil Young, Tim Hardin, Simon & Garfunkel, Johnny Cash and Kenny Rogers
|72 songs - 0% edited
|by Edbrandt59
|Beatles, Elvis Presley, David Bowie, Paul McCartney, Bob Dylan, Mamas and The Papas, Roy Orbison, Elton John, Robbie Williams, Monkees, Lennon/McCartney, Bill Withers...
|Easy & Fun songbook
|99 songs - 0% edited
|by lodewijk2006
|Garth Brooks, Bon Jovi, U2, Johnny Cash, George Jones, Hinder, Bob Seger, Rolling Stones, Dierks Bentley, R. Johnson, as adapted by M. Jagger/K. Richards, R.E.M...
|Easy & Known Songs for All ages
|47 songs - 0% edited
|by kcjonessj
Songs I (and people) love to sing a long to!
|Creedence Clearwater Revival, Tragically Hip, John Denver, Bob Seger, R.E.M, Tom Petty, Steelers Wheels, John Cougar Mellencamp, By The Eagles, Counting Crows, Santana...
|Easy && Great
|26 songs - 4% edited
|by dwalkz
great songs, easy to play, and easy to sing as well. enjoy!
|Secondhand Serenade, Greenday, Good Charlotte, Metallica, Enrique Iglesias, Oasis, Howie Day, Green Day, Death Cab For Cutie, Nickelback, Blue October, Rise Against...
|Easy 4 every1
|27 songs - 7% edited
|by Urbanus
Simple songs, known to everybody, every one of them!
|Gorki, Deep Blue Something, Steve Miller Band, Rolling Stones, Alphaville, Gerry and The Pacemakers, The Connells, Monty Python, Oasis, Jeff Buckley, Dolly Parton...
|Easy 4 every1
|27 songs - 7% edited
|by Urbanus
Simple songs, known to everybody, every one of them!
|Gorki, Deep Blue Something, Steve Miller Band, Rolling Stones, Alphaville, Gerry and The Pacemakers, The Connells, Monty Python, Oasis, Jeff Buckley, Dolly Parton...
|Easy Accoustics
|100 songs - 2% edited
|by chris ibbotson
Just a few favourite songs so far. Only just started so will add more as soon as poss
|Cat Stevens, by Pink Floyd, Bad Company, Small Faces, Lovin' Spoonful, Oasis and Queen
|Easy and cheap
|96 songs - 0% edited
|by Skye2cool
Mish-mosh of the last 60 years with almost no country
|Beatles, Sarah McLachlan, Better Than Ezra, Chris Isaak, Matchbox 20, Sixpence None The Richer, Everclear, Rob Thomas, Blondie, Simon & Garfunkel, Jewel, Paul Simon...
|Easy and cool
|61 songs - 0% edited
|by xorb
Some cool and easy songs to start out with.
|The Cure, David Bowie, Johnny Cash, Misfits, Pink Floyd, Rolling Stones, Lou Reed, Astrid Lindgren, Deep Blue Something, Gary Jules, Ben E. King...
|Easy and Mellow
|45 songs - 0% edited
|by fiberkids
A mix of favorite songs - Mostly folk and ballads - Enjoy!
|John Denver, Peter, Paul and Mary, Simon & Garfunkel, Traditional, Bette Midler, Beatles, Everly Brothers, Ricky Nelson, Paul McCartney, Loreena McKennitt, John Lennon...
|Easy and Pop/Rock Songs
|57 songs - 4% edited
|by aaaabbi
All easy and most newish songs. Rock on!
|Oasis, Avril Lavigne, Killers, Nickelback, Razorlight, James, Coldplay, David Gray, Busted, Keane, James Morrison, Black Eyed Peas, Elton John, Eagles, Monty Python...
|Easy and Popular!
|9 songs - 0% edited
|by email@example.com
Various Rock from the 80's onward.
|Various Artists, The Cure, Unknown, Johnny Cash, Monty Python, Dire Straits, Mr. Big and System Of A Down
|Easy as Pie?
|17 songs - 82% edited
|by LennyKravitz
Jack Johnson, Matchbox 20, Bon Jovi, Matt Costa...
|Jack Johnson, Bon Jovi, Bruce Springsteen, Black Sabbath, Marshall Tucker Band, Matchbox 20, Costa Matt, Pearl Jam and Phil Collins
|Easy Autoharp Songs
|30 songs - 0% edited
|by TZx2
Easy 3&4 chord songs for autoharp or guitar
|John Denver, Gordon Lightfoot, Tim Hardin, Traditional, Leonard Cohen, Woody Guthrie, Neil Diamond, John Lennon, Monkees, Van Morrison, Michael Martin Murphey...
|Easy Baritone Uke
|69 songs - 9% edited
|by lebonton
easy to play songs for the baritone ukulele
|Leonard Cohen, Creedence Clearwater Revival, John Prine, Van Morrison, Bob Dylan, Hank Williams, Rolling Stones, Eagles, Jimmy Buffet, Jackson Browne and Glenn Frey...
|Easy beginner songs
|78 songs - 0% edited
|by christianhermansen
My guitar teachers list of easy songs to start with. And some more....
|Beatles, Bob Dylan, Chuck Berry, Alanis Morissette, Stone Roses, Johnny Cash, Billy Ray Cyrus, Little Richard, Buddy Holly, Various Artists, The Animals, Bill Haley...
|Easy Beginner Stuff
|37 songs - 0% edited
|by cmpmccartan
Compiled by a beginner
|Roger Miller, Righteous Brothers, Carpenters, The Drifters, Mamas and The Papas, Alison Krauss & Union Station, Elton John, Misc. Christmas, Classic Rod Stewart...
|Easy Beginner Tracks
|50 songs - 22% edited
|by baz1860
Simple Melodys, Easy to play. Perfect for beginners.
|Runrig, R.E.M., R.E.M, Blue Rodeo, Dire Straits, Van Morrison, Audioslave, Led Zeppelin, Barenaked Ladies, James Taylor, Bruce Springsteen, Peter Sarstedt...
|Easy Campfire Songs
|6 songs - 0% edited
|by sarahjayne
A easy selection of well known and traditional campfire songs for all the family! Perfect for beginners to strum along in no time!
|Traditional, Bryan Adams, Bob Dylan, Proclaimers, Misc. Cartoons, Snow Patrol, Queen, Sound Of Music, Jeff Buckley, Felder, Henley & Frey, Abba, Jungle Book, John Lennon...


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Cory Cotten-Potter argues it's harder than you think:
When humanity is examined in a scientific context most of the traditional theories are problematic. Man is a rational animal, yes, but the great apes have been shown to be capable of logical reasoning, and there is evidence to suggest that African grey parrots should be added to the list. Man is a tool-using animal, but so are apes, dolphins, elephants, and others. Human dignity as a defining concept offers little help; although it is an integral part of many political, religious, and philosophical texts and may help shape our valuation of humanity, there is no consensus regarding its conceptual origin. Many agree that humans have an innate and inalienable dignity, yet the concept of dignity is usually proscriptive regarding humanity's actions, not descriptive of humanity's condition.
(Photo: A chimpanzee in the Budongo Trail at Edinburgh Zoo holds a chimp proof camera on January 26, 2010 in Edinburgh, Scotland. The 11 chimps at the zoo are being featured in a BBC Natural Worl Documentry on January 27. They have been taking part in a voluntary study called "The Chimpcam Project," a collaboration between the Royal Zoological Society, University of Stirling and Burning Gold productions. The chimps have experienced video streaming for the first time, learned how to use touch screen technology and have been given the camera to shoot their own footage. By Jeff J. Mitchell/Getty Images)


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Photo by Gary Moss
Leave a Review
I have made this several times with fresh kale and I love it! I like to make it the day of a big party. When everyone wakes up with a hangover the next morning, I just pop this in the oven and before long we have brunch. Highly recommended, yip yip yum yum.flag if inappropriate
I made this for brunch and it was a hit. It's definitely not low-calorie and it is not a quick and easy dish, but I would recommendflag if inappropriate
I made this today for mother's day brunch. And like the user before me wrote, I thought this was okay, but not great and definitely not worth all the calories.flag if inappropriate
I made a half recipe for brunch and thought it was fine. Nothing spectacular and not worth the incredible number of calories that must be in each little slice. I'd make a quiche next time-- a good deal lighter and just as tasty.flag if inappropriate
A runaway hit at brunch for friends. As recommended, used baby spinach, cut bacon to 8 oz, used half an onion instead of shallots, and shredded Parmesan instead of grated. Fantastic. Also added 1/8 tsp of cayenne but it wasn't enough to taste and kick really wasn't needed. Now I just need to find enough different friends to invite for brunch so I can make this again and again.flag if inappropriate
The ricotta gave this frittata a particularly lovely taste and texture. But I would definitely cut back on the greens, and chop them up much more finely. I thought the amount of bacon worked, but again, I'd chop it up more. Definitely use shredded rather than grated parm. Also, I'd add some cayenne or a shot of Tabasco to give this a little bit of a kick. Maybe some nutmeg too because nutmeg makes everything breakfasty better.flag if inappropriate
very bland the forks sold this and was not good at all.flag if inappropriate
DELICIOUS! I will make this frittata again. Like others, I also substituted frozen spinach for the greens.flag if inappropriate
Delicious! I used spinach instead of the greens and used light sausage instead of the bacon. Also, I doubled the recipe - it was a hit for my birthday brunch!!flag if inappropriate
Delicious! We had this for dinner tonight. Both my daughters (9 and 13) gobbled it up, even though it was full of all those greens! I followed the recipe to the letter. My grocery store (Safeway) carries pre-washed, chopped bags of greens that are exactly 12 oz. so it was easy. The flavors are well-balanced and my husband thought the bacon amount was just right. A non-stick pan is a must. I will definitely make this again. I think pre-cooking the greens the night before would make it a quick, easy meal. Give this a try!flag if inappropriate


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BenQ MP777 Projector
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BenQ MP777 Projector
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equivalent model for the same price or less.
Please contact us for details.
BenQ MP777 Specs (rollover for more info)
Our review on the BenQ MP777 ProjectorHigh brightness model from BenQ at 4000 lumens - bright enough to use with the room lights on or blinds left open.
HDMI input and 3D ready future proofs you whilst the new VIDI lamp technology and 3D colour management really set this model apart from competitors.
Manufacturer Description for the BenQ MP777 ProjectorGo 3D with DLP® Link!- 3D instruction will be the latest trend in education, opening up new opportunities in teaching methods for educators and students alike. BenQ projectors and DLP Link are taking teaching to a whole new dimension of effectiveness and enjoyment…at no extra costs. And unlike the traditional 3D projector system, which requires two perfectly aligned projectors to transmit two separate video feeds in order to deliver a 3D projection, MP777 has mastered 3D display so as to require only one projector equipped with Front Project 3D DLP Link technology.
Remote Maintenance with Crestron® RoomView -BenQ is proud to introduce Crestron–supported RoomView network service for school. MP777 is Crestron RoomView-supported to provide IT personnel and projector managers simplified real-time, facility-wide central access and control over a single projector or groups of projectors simultaneously via a single station.
DLP Projector Filter-Free Design
With numerous students shuffling about, it's no wonder schools are extremely prone to dust. Unlike LCD projectors that require costly filters to keep dust out, BenQ DLP projectors are no filters required!
Customize with 3D Color Management
Exclusive BenQ 3D Color Management empowers you with the freedom to fine-tune color intensity to meet your preference. 3D Color Management lets users independently adjust the hue, grain, and saturation levels of all six color wheel tones (red, green, blue, cyan, magenta, and yellow) without colors compromising each other.
Excel with VIDI™ Superior Image Projection
To ensure the best possible image quality for all presentations no matter the setting or content, BenQ worked closely with Philips and Texas Instruments to create VIDI™ -- a sophisticated lamp lighting technology that dynamically adapts lamp output to each image/scene with millisecond precision so as to optimize brightness, color correction, and dark detail definition.
Customise with 3D Color Management - Exclusive BenQ 3D Color Management empowers you with the freedom to fine-tune color intensity to meet your preference. 3D Color Management lets users independently adjust the hue, grain, and saturation levels of all six color wheel tones (red, green, blue, cyan, magenta, and yellow) without colors compromising each other.
Wall Color Correction - Don't worry if you don't have a projector screen at home! BenQ has studied the most commonly used paint colors and developed easy-to-use Wall Color Correction Technology so that you can project anywhere and still get the precise color performance you need.
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This projector is also known as: BenQ MP 777 Projector, BenQ MP-777 Projector
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BPL Community Profile
Joe Clement (skinewmexico) - BPL Lifetime Member
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All Forum Posts by Joe Clement
Showing 2421 - 2430 of 2449 | Page: 1 ...226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245
If it's been 20 years since you've used a foam pad, you won't be happy going back to one. Get an inflatable, it's worth the extra weight. I'm thrilled with my Insulmat Max Thermo.
I had a buddy who went to Rolla, claimed they had a 1/4 barrel chug, with a hop, skip, and a puke contest on the side. And you say it's boring.........
I hate that desktop alert. My debit card jumps out of my wallet on it's own. And you know......if you're careful with colors, no one knows what you're wearing is womens!
I've done well with Duofold and Walmart. And about half of Texas is just ungodly hot and humid. The rest is just ungodly hot and dry, and cotton is king. Well..there is the Panhandle, which can...
We all can't afford the cream of the crop.
They tested that on the Bob and Tom show a few years ago. Only had to run it for like 5 seconds, and the drinks were done.
Insul-Mat MaxThermo, full length. And I don't care what it weighs; I'm getting some good sleep. Getting old sucks.
Re: Insulmat Max-Thermo
Greatest invention since pockets on a shirt. I've used mine down to 30, with no problem. Well, I actually used it down to 18 degress one night, but it's probably different using it in Texas...
Try an REI UL 60 Cruise. And then let me know how it is, so I can decide whether or not to buy one!
It's easy
It's easy. You said they were equal, but one was more money. Buy the cheaper one. We're terrible in this country about equating quality with sticker price only. And it's made a lot of c...
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Marmot Atom Mens Regular 40 Degree
Nice bag. 1/2 zipper is kind of a pain, and makes it hard to use as a quilt. Seems true to rating.
ULA Catalyst
Replaced my Exos 58 with this, much more comfortable, with more weight. Got a deal on a 2008 model, and added the dual stays. A lot bigger pack than I'll use most of the time. Gained some weight o...
ULA Circuit
Switched to this for more durability, and the ability to carry more water in the desert. Works like a champ, and you couldn't ask for better customer service.
Osprey Exos 58
I have to ding it a little for the hip belt. I think the hip belts on the large runs small, because it didn't wrap around me enough to be effective. And that may not be fair to ding it, because al...
Tolerated my questions and suggestions for design improvements, and never laughed once. Called my cell phone after an email question about tent set up, requested emails pics, diagnosed the problem, an...
SteepandCheap.Com SteepandCheap.Com
Great deals, lightening fast shipping.
ULA Equipment
Got both a Catalyst and Circuit. Great phone service, answering questions. Sent an email when the new Circuit came, and Casey called me on my cell phone within 24 hours. I almost didn't answer, si...
Pro Lite Gear customer service
Had a problem with an underfilled Ultra 20, never a question about making it right.
Gossamer Gear
Quick to answer questions, and even call you back. Hard to beat. Retrofit my Mariposa with the new aluminum stay for next to nothing, and had it back in a week. Service and products so good, I am will...
Golite Ultra 20
Mine kept me warm in the upper 20s, so I'm happy. I'm not completely sure it would reach 20, and keep you warm for 8 hours. But it's a great product for a great price.


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Yay! Another computer upgrade!
I don't even know why I bother. I rarely play computer games but upgrade like 2-3 times a year. Just put 2x Radeon 6970s in crossfire in my computer, and a single 6970 in my wife's (my old 5970 didn't fit in her case!). The only thing I really play is Left 4 Dead 2 with my wife and some buddies once in awhile. Anyone else here upgrade just for the sake of upgrading?
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Rio Chooses 2014 Carnival Queen And King
A girl cries after the contestant she was supporting for queen lost... News PhotoBrazil,Ceremony,Child,Contestant,Crying,Decisions,District,Girls,Horizontal,Human Interest,Rio de JaneiroPhotographer Mario TamaCollection: Getty Images News 2013 Getty ImagesRIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL - NOVEMBER 08: A girl cries after the contestant she was supporting for queen lost at the ceremony deciding Rio's 2014 Carnival Queen and King in the port district on November 8, 2013 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Rio's Carnival runs February 28 through March 4, just three months before the start of the 2014 FIFA World Cup in June. (Photo by Mario Tama/Getty Images)


text: YouTube [ Charles Barkley Appears On 'The Price Is Right' [VIDEO] By Brian Noe February 21, 2013 The most entertaining man in sports broadcasting was a guest on the greatest game show of all time. Read More|Comment Category: National Sports, NBA, Videos Tags: charles barkley, drew carey, inside the nba, nba, the price is right, tnt Send to a friend! Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Pin it! Reddit This! Share on Tumblr!


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Do you want to hit your Halloween festivities like a bat out of hell? If so, maybe you should check out these amazing Blood Red Costume Wings! People will swear they smell the brimstone on your breath when they see you like this!
Our Blood Red Costume Wings come with a pair of blood red bat Demon wings! These wings unfurl wide and give you a demonic look! The spines of the wings are black and give these wings that evil edge! This is a totally freaky accessory to order this today to unleash your bad side!
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Rate Dr. Stevan J. Milhoan
Dr. Stevan J. Milhoan's Ratings
New PA-C Shawna. Love her! On time listens really listens. Multiple treatment plans offered and helped me decide which would be best or at least a starting point. A+++++
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Dr. Milhoan is very knowledgable, but you will wait between 30 to 60 minutes just to see him.
Was this rating useful? 0 [[ userState['ratings'][1049531].votes_count ]]
He is a great Doctor, I just have problems with is staff. alot of the time they are rude, and dont want to help you when you call in.
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Dr. Milhoan is a very nice & caring doctor with a staff that is just as helpful. I haven't had any problems with any of them but I also know that everyone can have an "off" day. As for the comment regarding the copay, you are aware of owing this before the doctor sees you, I understand that it can also be forgotten but you don't go to a restaurant/grocery store & not pay when it's time to check out. Give the office staff a break. She is only doing her job & that office really gets hecktic.
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I'm a client of a different caliber but he has saved my life twice now. If he doesn't know something he gets the right doctor in to help. He is awesome; however, if you have a co-pay make sure you have a means of payment with you. The other day a mother of two small children, both with her, was getting a rash over forgetting her $30 co-pay. The woman explained she was rushed getting out the door and had just forgotten it. She went on to say she lived 3 blocks away and would bring it right back. The worker went on an on and on. He needs to get rid of her, but he is great. LOVE RN GEORGIA! Great personality!
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I would recommend Dr. Milhoan to anyone. He is very knowledgeable and has a wonderful bedside manner. He is wonderful with my children and honestly cares about you as a patient. Like any other physician he can be pressed for time and in a hurry, but despite this he takes the time to answer your questions.
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He is very smart and has a wonderful beside manner. He is also double board certified in both Internal Medicine and Pediatrics. He stays up-to-date on all the latest information. He is very sensible when talking to the patient or child by putting information in terms that can be understood.
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Tampa, Fla. (October 18, 2010) Two research teams from the Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine (Okayama, Japan) have reported breakthrough studies in liver cell transplantation. One team found that the technical breakthrough in creating induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) from mouse somatic cells (nonsex cells) in vitro had "implications for overcoming immunological rejection." Whereas a second team using liver cell xenotransplantation - transplanting cells of one species into another (in this case transplanting pig liver cells into mice) - found that transplanted liver cells from widely divergent species can function to correct acute liver failure and prolong survival.
Their studies, published in the current issue of Cell Transplantation (19:6/7), are freely available on-line at http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/cog/ct/
Somatic cells differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells
A research team at the Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, working with colleagues at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine found that mouse induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are pluripotent (able to differentiate into many varieties of stem cells) and able to proliferate in vitro without limits and could be cultured to become hepatocyte-like cells.
According to the researchers, a major limitation for cell-based therapies to treat liver diseases is the shortage of cell donors. Rejection is still an issue and chronic immunosuppression is required for allotransplantation (cells from nonidentical donors), making patient-derived cells, especially somatic cells (non-sex cells) attractive for transplantation.
"The ability to make iPS cells from somatic cells has implications for overcoming both immunological rejection and ethical issues associated with embryonic stem cells," said corresponding author Dr. Masaya Iwamuro. "Our study will be an important
|Contact: David Eve
Cell Transplantation Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair


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Seek the FarstridersThis quest was marked obsolete by Blizzard and cannot be obtained or completed. Speak with Lieutenant Dawnrunner at Farstrider Retreat.
DescriptionLieutenant Dawnrunner at Farstrider Retreat has requested an audience with all able hunters. It would greatly benefit you to seek her out, <name>. She is a beacon of wisdom for those of our calling.
Farstrider Retreat lies south of Silvermoon City.
<name>, it is good you have come. Our list of allies grows thin, and even those who share our cause are not completely trusted. It is because of this that we, the rangers, turn to nature for aid.
In the allies of the forest we find a deep bond that does not know deceit.
In the allies of the forest we find a deep bond that does not know deceit.


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The Vaudeville SongbookItem #: HL.00100077
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E-Z Play Today Volume 299. E-Z Play Today. Easy right-hand-only arrangements in large notation for piano, organ, and electronic keyboard. 9x12 inches. 64 pages. Published by Hal Leonard. (HL.00100077)
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The story, stars and 25 songs of Vaudeville, including: After You've Gone · April Showers · Ballin' the Jack · Bill Bailey, Won't You Please Come Home · Chinatown, My Chinatown · The Darktown Strutters' Ball · A Good Man Is Hard to Find · Hello! Ma Baby · Ida, Sweet as Apple Cider · Second Hand Rose · Swanee · more.
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Posts Tagged 'NYC 22 Ratings'
May 7th, 2012 at 8:45 am
TV Ratings Sunday: 'GCB' Finale and 'Once' Flat; 'Amazing Race' Finale and 'Desperate Housewives' Up; 'Harry's Law' Falls to Series Low
ABC won the night with adults 18-49 and CBS led with total viewers.[Read-More]
May 1st, 2012 at 7:44 am
Sunday Final Ratings: 'Once Upon a Time,' 'Amazing Race,' 'Celebrity Apprentice,' 'Cleveland' Adjusted Up; 'Harry's Law,' 'GCB' Adjusted Down
Sunday final broadcast primetime ratings.[Read-More]
April 30th, 2012 at 9:21 am
CBS Wins Sunday in Viewers for the Ninth Consecutive Week
60 MINUTES, THE GOOD WIFE and NYC 22 all won their respective time periods in viewers, leading CBS to its ninth consecutive[Read-More]
April 30th, 2012 at 9:00 am
TV Ratings Sunday: 'GCB' Rises & 'Once Upon a Time' Steady-ish; 'The Good Wife' Falls to Lows, 'NYC 22' Falls Too; 'Harry's Law' Steady
ABC won the night with adults 18-49.[Read-More]
April 24th, 2012 at 7:44 am
Sunday Final Ratings:'Once', '60 Minutes', 'Amazing Race', 'Good Wife', & 'Celebrity Apprentice' all Adjusted Up
Sunday final broadcast primetime ratings.[Read-More]
April 23rd, 2012 at 8:45 am
TV Ratings Sunday: 'Once' Makes Gains; 'Amazing Race', 'NYC 22' & 'Apprentice' Fall; 'FOX 25th Anniversary Special' Underperforms
ABC and CBS tied the night with Adults 18-49, but CBS garnered the most viewers Sunday night.[Read-More]
April 16th, 2012 at 8:58 am
ABC's 'AFHV' Hits a 6 Week High/GCB Vaults Over its Lead-in to Tie CBS' Debut of 'NYC 22'
During the 7 o'clock hour, ABC's America's Funniest Home Videos ranked #1 in Adults 18-49[Read-More]
April 16th, 2012 at 8:37 am
TV Ratings Sunday: 'NYC 22' Starts Low, 'Titanic' Pulls 'GCB' To Series Low
CBS edged FOX to top the nights adults 18-49 ratings.[Read-More]


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Sunday, October 28, 2007
© Copyright 2015 Gwinnett Daily Post
Her name says it all: Lucky. Mary Ellen Wertanen's six-month-old chow-chow is fortunate indeed. Not only is her mom, er, owner constantly purchasing odd and ends to spoil the pooch, she even gets her involved in the spirit of holidays. Especially Halloween."Of course I'll be dressing her up," said Wertanen, owner of The Pet Super Store in Snellville. "I've got the costume all ready." Come All Hallow's Eve, Lucky will be pretty in pink, donned in her princess costume. It's a safe bet she won't be the only pup on the block dressing up for the holiday, either. When Wertanen opened her shop in 1991, pet costumes weren't even a blip on the trend radar. Dressing up your pet was just something bored folks did to pass the time. But in recent years, costumes for pets have become a hot commodity. They fly off the shelves, said Helen Knowles, manager of Petco in Snellville. Wertanen has even made more space in her shop for animal costumes. "It's just so much fun. In the last couple of years, people have been doing more for their pets, and this is just an extension of that," Wertanen said. "The costumes are only popular at Halloween, but pets clothes sell all year-round. I even have Christmas sweaters that light up for dogs." It's hard to guesstimate which costumes are the most popular, Knowles said, as designs vary depending on the animal's size. While costumes come in sizes for both large and small dogs, it's the little ones that tend to sell better. "The bigger dogs just don't seem to like it as much," Knowles said. Pet costumes range from the obvious - witch hats and flying capes, and animal transformations like zebra stripes, pig snouts and lion manes - to the ultra-clever. "The hot dog costumes for the dachshund is too cute. It's a very big seller," Wertanen said. Priced similar to human costumes, pet attire price tags go from reasonable to absurd, with most starting at $9.99. Four-legged Halloween fun doesn't stop at just costumes. Wertanen has had more than a few customers purchase pet strollers to take their canine trick or treating with them. "You don't want your dog to be left out," she said. When taking pets on a Halloween outing, Knowles urges owners to purchase fluorescent costumes, or at least glow-in-the-dark collars and leashes so the dog is visible in the dark. When decking your dog out for Halloween, Wertanen recommends bringing the animal to the store to try on costumes beforehand. If you can't do that, she suggests measuring the dog's length and circumference to ensure a comfortable fit. "And be sure to keep things off their face," she said. "They don't like things hanging in their face, just like a baby." SideBar: Best Pet Costumes Sure, your costume is all prepared. But what about the pooch? Here a few of our favorite pet costumes we've seen in local Target stores, all priced under $20: Pumpkin Princess Leia Yoda Superman Snow White Bumblebee Spider-Man Jack Sparrow Shrek
More like this story
- Costumed canines
Dogs take center stage in Lilburn Daze pet parade ( October 12, 2008 )
- Owners, pets invade park for PawFest ( May 11, 2008 )
- Helping hugs
Duluth mom finds way to ease dogs' pain ( September 2, 2007 )
- Animal lovers gather at Petapalooza event ( August 20, 2006 )
- New Halloween books offer fun and eerie tales for kids ( October 21, 2007 )


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The Lucky BacksplashMonday, February 4th, 2013
Well at last at last at last we've finally finished up the backsplash in the hall bathroom. This remodel has been in progress for over a year, we procrastinated, but now we're on the way to a nearly complete bathroom remodel. Here's a look at the vanity wall where we installed a new backsplash, added new sconces, and also a brushed silver finish mirror.
Here's what it looked like a year ago. It had an old fashioned overhead light, a huge builder mirror, honey wood cabinetry, and cultured marble countertops. Not my favorite.
The sink vanity wall looks much different today!
I call this the "lucky backsplash" for two reasons. First, I ended up skipping the blue brick pattern glass tile I mentioned awhile back because when I did the math it turned out to be way over my budget at $20+ a square foot and to tile up to the ceiling I needed 36 square feet. I was leaning toward something more neutral anyway.


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I've decided to get an early start on my "New Year's Resolutions". There are many aspects of my life that could use a serious change - and I'm not just talking about the "staple" things such as lose weight or make more money. There isn't any magical rule that says I have to wait until January 1st to begin molding a better ME, so i'm going to get a head start on it all.
My first New Me Resolution is:
Repair My Relationship with my Brother and his Family
I have two brothers. One of them, I lost all contact with and haven't seen in about 15 years. This is his own doing, I am in contact with his ex-wife and am able to see pictures of their beautiful daughter. I used to idolize him as a child. Sadly, he left when I was about 9 years old and doesn't wish to have contact with his biological family anymore.
The other brother I did not know growing up. I met him when I was 19 and we formed a close bond. He also bonded with my abusive ex. When I left him, my brother seemed to side with him on custody issues, etc. Even now, his wife and daughter are "friends" with my ex and his wife on a popular social networking site, they send them gifts, etc. I might sound jealous but I feel very betrayed by this. I tried explaining how I felt to my sister-in-law and she said she thought we were all friends and she didn't know the situation. I felt better about it then, but expected her to choose family and respect my feelings. They never did.
I finally had a talk with my brother and told him I had to remove his wife and daughter from my "friends list" as I was so uncomfortable about what was happening.
Things have been strained ever since, and my niece and sister in law still will not talk to me. My brother and I talk very rarely.
I am hurt by all of this, but they see it as my doing, so I am at a loss.
I want to have a good relationship with my brother - I want him to have a bond with my husband, who he has never even spoken to, and I want him to meet my youngest child. Family means a lot to me and it is heartbreaking that things are how they are. So I resolve to repair this over the next year.
What are some of your resolutions? More of mine in future posts.
#mothermaryc #New-Years-Resolutions #Resolutions #family #2014 #Self-help


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Police have solved a 22-year-old mystery, closing the case of Baby Hope. Anjelica Castillo was raped and killed in 1991, and officials arrested her cousin in the horrific crime.
Manhattan District Attorney Cyrus Vance Jr. tells NBC New York that the police never closed the case.
"They made it their mission to identify this young child, to lay her to rest and to bring her killer to justice," he says.
Hope's remains were recovered in the woods along the Henry Hudson Parkway near Dyckman Street. She was found in a cooler on July 23, 1991.
Police have booked 52-year-old Conrado Juarez in the rape and murder case. The man's sister allegedly helped him dispose of the body after he killed the girl in his sister's Astoria, Queens home.
"They then separated and Juarez returned to the Bronx and his sister to Queens, never to speak of the heinous act again until the NYPD investigators, through their relentless investigation, caught up with Juarez," Police Commissioner Raymond Kelly describes for the New York Daily News.
Anjelica was just four years old at the time. A second woman stepped out to detail being held by Juarez. She details him torturing the child before killing her.
Detectives found the body at the time, but only identified the girl last week, following a tip from an unnamed source. An investigation led them to the man working as a dishwasher in the Bronx.
"You know that phrase, 'I'm on cloud nine'? That's where I am right now," former NYPD Detective Jerry Giorgio expresses.
"I'm very happy and certainly I'm relieved to the fact that when we visit this plot out in St. Raymond's we can now attach a name to this little girl," adds Joseph Reznick, former 34th Precinct detective commander.