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|Food pairing
|The highest-quality Armagnac is usually enjoyed after dinner as a contemplative drink. It should be served at cool room temperature and allowed to warm in the glass, which slowly releases waves of aroma. Pour about 1 inch of Armagnac into a thin tulip-shaped glass or a snifter. The glass may be held in the palm of the hand to warm the liquid. Pause to smell the aromas, then take small sips to appreciate the Armagnacs smooth texture, its expressive layers of flavor and its lengthy finish.


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Gov. Rick Snyder signed legislation in November 2011 that now requires school board elections to be held on an even year and during general elections in November. The move was spurred to save districts money.
Donna Bylenga, director of business services for Grand Haven Area Public Schools, said the district will not likely see much of a savings from the new election law. The district has to hold the 18-mill nonprincipal property tax levy election in May or risks losing taxes associated with the Headlee override if they wait until a November election, she said. That move would financially hurt the district, she said.
The nonprincipal tax levy was approved by district voters Tuesday, but for just one year.
May election costs for the district can range up to $23,000 to as low as $16,000 if it is shared with another municipality, according to Bylenga. The district does not pay for November general elections.
Under the new law, potentially four of the seven Grand Haven school board candidates would be up for re-election every four years.
To avoid that major overhaul, the school board is changing its policy — staggering board members' expiration terms.
"The board carefully reviewed the options … and they truly felt that the six-year terms would improve the stability of the board and we wouldn't have a point in time where there would be a turnover with the majority of the board," Superintendent Keith Konarska said. "They felt that in the best interest of the district, that stability is critical."
Typically, school board elections in Grand Haven are held in May. This is the first year Grand Haven school board candidates will be included on a November ballot, Konarska said.
The two school board seats up for election in this year's Nov. 6 election will remain, but will be for six-year terms. Those seats are held by Dave Davis, who has been on the board since 2007; and the seat currently held by Christine Bakker, who was recently appointed to fill vacated by Jennifer Williams earlier this year.
To read more of this story, see today's print or e-edition of the Grand Haven Tribune.

subset: commoncrawl


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EDWIN RANSOM. This enterprising citizen of the town of Fenner, N. Y., was born April 8, 1848, the son of Loren and Lydia (Whipple) Ransom, both natives of the town of Fenner. We have already, in the sketch of Mrs. William Hamblin, given an account of her father, and the grandfather of our subject. He was Russell
Ransom, born in Connecticut, who went to the town of Fenner in the early days of the century, and endured all the hardships of pioneer life. His family consisted of four sons and two daughters, of whom Mrs. Hamblin, in the town of Fenner, and Mrs. Hiram Hodge, in the town of Cazenovia, alone survive. He died on his farm at the age of eighty-one years. He had been a brave soldier in the War of 1812. His son Loren, father of our subject, carried on general farming in the town where he was born. He was a very prominent and well-known man, and was a stanch supporter of the Republican party. In religious belief he was a Baptist, and died in that faith at Perryville, aged sixty-nine years. His widow still resides
there. Of the five children born to them four are living: Edwin, our subject, who is the eldest; Dr. Charles H. Ransom, living in Syracuse, Henrietta, Mrs. L.
Hamilton, living in the town of Nelson; and Marietta, wife of Dr. Miles, residing at Oneida, N. Y. Frank died at the age of five years.
©1999- MadisonCountyNewYork.com All rights reserved.


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Nerd Girl Costume (ref: 75235)
- Your Price:
- £21.95
- Retail Price:
- £26.49
- You Save:
- £4.54 (17%)
In StockOur price match promise
Includes top, dress with braces, bow tie and glasses.See more product details
In StockOur price match promise
Includes top, dress with braces, bow tie and glasses.See more product details
Got this costume? Want your photo to appear here? Tag your Instagrams with @jokersmasquerade and #jokers75235. How do I tag my photos?
Featuring a cute tartan skirt and a top printed with the flirty message 'I ♥ NERDS,' this fun and original Nerd Girl Costume is the perfect choice for a school disco!
Costume includes:
The Nerd Girl Costume includes an all-in-one dress with white short-sleeved top printed with 'I ♥ NERDS' and a blue and white tartan skirt. Attached to the front of the dress is a pair of pink brace straps.
Also included is a matching blue and white tartan bow tie on an elastic band and a pair of cute glasses with black frames.
Sizes for this costume are:
Please note the packaging of this product will display US sizing.
May 25, 2015, by Zoe P - West Glamorgan, UK - United Kingdom
Really great costume, it is a little large but generally a good fit! Good quality too!
April 7, 2015, by Zoe S - Leeds, UK - United Kingdom
It's not as good as the picture looks. And the sizing isn't either, I got s-m and it would fit 12 not 8-10.
November 10, 2014, by Marie-anne D - Devon, UK - United Kingdom
Amazing costume fitting is perfect. Better than expected. Worth the money as a complete outfit.
June 12, 2014, by Vivien C - Essex, UK - United Kingdom
Very happy with the outfit and speed of delivery. However, it was rather large and could swamp a "medium" lady. Consider busy a smaller size if you are unsure.
October 22, 2013, by Samantha E - Null, UK - United Kingdom
I'm a size 8-10 and this felt like 16-18 on me. Had to get it took in and up as in the past had problems returning good to this site. The outfit looks great but if your my size look else where.
Have a question about this product? Why not get in touch by completing the boxes below.
Items are considered "oversize" which exceed 610mm x 460mm x 460mm or over 5kg in weight and cannot be dispatched via Royal Mail or Click and Collect. Oversize packages can only be dispatched via courier. We will only display the delivery options available to you, based on your location and the items in your basket.


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New to Backup exec 2012
Im new to Backup Exec 2012..
Im putting in some new hardware and am configuring a backup Server. I want to backup an Exchange Server and SQL Server currenty installed on other Servers.
In older versions of backup exec you could install Paid for SQL and Exchange Agents on the remote servers and backup the data to the Backup Exec Server.
Im not sure what product I need on the 2012 range to accomplish this.
Is this correct.Symantec Backup Exec 2012 Server - complete package
ANDSymantec Backup Exec 2012 Agent Applications and database V14.0 Box with 12 months Basic Support
Comments 9 Comments • Jump to latest comment
From your above comment
Symantec Backup Exec 2012 Server - complete package
Symantec Backup Exec 2012 Agent Applications and database V14.0 Box with 12 months Basic Support
It looks like ,you are licensed to backup Exchange and SQL and Share point and active directory license as these agent are part of Application and database licenses.
Also check
Symantec Backup Exec™ Portfolio Licensing Guide
www.emea.symantec.com/.../BE 2012_customer_license_guide.pdf
Don't forget to give a "Thumbs Up" or Mark as "Solution" if someones advice has helped you.
Like backup-exec mentioned above, your licenses are alright.
As far as the remote server installation part is concerned, it works the same way as it did for earlier Backup Exec version you used.
Apart from the licenses that you install on media server, you will need to install Agent for Windows Systems (same as RAWS in earlier versions) on you Exchange/SQL remote servers in order to perform a successful backup of databases.
See How to install Backup Exec 2012 Agent for Windows for more details.
Thanks for your reply Bhavik.
Are you sure I would also need to purchase 2 Agents for windows ? Does not buying the Agent for Applications and Databases entitle you to backup the Exchange or SQL database on the remote server ?
I understand I would need to purchase 2 licenses of the Agent for Applications and Databases ?
Application and Database licenses will allow you to backup an Exchange or SQL database on a remote server.
You don't need the Agent for Windows license as it comes bundled with Application and Database licnese.
You can also contact the licensing department on 1 800 327 2232 (US) - Option 1 thn Option 2
Just to make sure I understand you correctly. If I have licenses for Application and Database I don't need to install the Agent for Windows on my Exchange servers. Because I have the Agent for Windows installed on my exchange servers and the backup job fails with a message that I don't I have the correct agent installed. I notice when I created the backup job and was selection the files to backup; I could see the Information Stores; but all of them was sized as 0 bytes.
If you have both Exchange AND SQL Server on the same server, you would need 2 Agent for Applications and Databases to back them up. The Agent for Applications and Databases licence is per application and per server. See the document below
...1 Agent for Applications & Databses doesn't cover infinite servers...you need 1 of these licenses PER DB/Application server you back up, so please keep that in mind.
Alternative ways to access Backup Exec Technical Support:


text:
Our Assisted Living ResidencesOur Assisted Living residence and activities are designed to accommodate many individuals' lifestyles and needs. We offer deluxe private and semi-private rooms with full private baths, studio apartments, and one-bedroom apartments. We have been serving the Dunbar community for over 20 years. Our unique services allow residents to be comfortable with our staff. We strive to make you feel at home in your new environment. The staff at SweetBriar has been fully trained, licensed, and undergone criminal background checks and pre-employment and random drug screening. We make every attempt to ensure the safety, care, and comfort of all of our residents. Please call, email us, or stop by for more information!
We Believe in Quality Care
One of the nicest things about SweetBriar is that it is not a chain of unknown faces. SweetBriar is locally owned and managed and has a board of members with unique talents to contribute to our company.
Board Members include:
Kent Gandee, Architect
Chet Bradeen, Health Planner and Developer
Joe Caldwell, Attorney
Charles W. Caldwell, Health Planner and Developer
Benjamin Caldwell, Educator
Robert Hively, M.D., Family Physician
Contact: email@example.com
"What makes SweetBriar such a great place to work is that it is not controlled by a management company. Our owners know the staff. As SweetBriar's Administrator, I report to the Board/Owners. This group of individuals care about the community and the residents of our fine home. They understand that Quality Care and our residents are the most important things. They are what makes SweetBriar a home. One of the nicest compliments that I receive when our home is toured is that it is not cold,;that when you walk through the door you feel the warmth and love for our residents" -Rhonda McDonald, Administrator
Feel free to email me at firstname.lastname@example.com
Give us a call today or stop in for a tour
505 Caldwell Lane Dunbar, WV 25064
Phone: (304) 744-7400


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Tag Archives: josh cobb
Whitticase opts for Barbados for Leics pre-season
Leicestershire will join their Midlands rivals Nottinghamshire and Warwickshire in Barbados for a pre-season trip to the Caribbean island in March. Leicestershire will spend 11 days on the island ahead of the new domestic season where they will play a … Continue reading
Leicestershire quartet sign contract extensions
Leicestershire have received a pre-season boost with four players who were due to be out-of-contract in September agreeing one-year extensions. Batsmen Josh Cobb, Will Jefferson and Greg Smith, plus seam bowler Alex Wyatt, have all agreed to stay at Grace … Continue reading
Boyce and Cobb's cricketing rarity: Andrew Hignell
One of the abiding memories of the 2011 season came in the Friends Life t20 final at Edgbaston when Matthew Boyce, Leicestershire's substitute fielder, held four towering catches on the boundary's edge in an arc between deep square-leg and deep mid-wicket, all off … Continue reading
Cobb earns England call-up for Hong Kong Sixes
Leicestershire's Josh Cobb has been included in England's squad for the Hong Kong Sixes tournament later this month. Cobb has been rewarded for his consistent performances throughout Leicestershire's Friends Life t20 campaign, including a four-wicket haul with his off spin … Continue reading


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More Gifting Ideas: Oprah's Favorite Things
December 21, 2012 11:30 AM
Christmas In NYC
A good rule of thumb: You can't go wrong by following Oprah's lead.
Her annual list of her favorite things is loaded with cool gift ideas. Some of them may be outrageously expensive, but pretty cool.
The Couch picked out some of our favorite gift ideas.


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Delicate, luxurious and infinitely wearable - Brooke Gregson's 18-karat gold necklace will make an opulent addition to every fine jewelry collection. 0.25-carats of diamonds and a 3.0-carat labradorite embellish this piece - wear it to add sparkle to everyday outfits.
HandmadeBrushed 18-karat goldLabradorite, total weight: 3.0-carats; pavé diamonds, total weight: 0.25-carats Lobster clasp fasteningBrooke Gregson pieces are made from natural materials and as such may have some flecks or scratchesThis piece has been certified in accordance with the Hallmarking Act 1973
Product code: 350769 - Need help? Contact us


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What the newsies needed, Portland's progressives determined, was a clubhouse. For a model, they looked—as subsequent generations would—to San Francisco. As The Oregonian reported in 1910, boys there received instruction in "manual training, music, athletics and kindred exercises." How to fund such an institution here? Portland decided to hold an election for a boy mayor. Ballots would cost a penny apiece, and ballot-box stuffing was to be encouraged.
In 1914, Portland's just-elected boy mayor, Eugene J. Rich, and his personal secretary, a Lincoln High School football player, sailed to California aboard the steamer Bear. Once they reached Hollywood, they were asked to star in a short silent film. A restoration of that 16-minute movie, and several others from the Oregon Historical Society, will be shown Thursday, April 24, at the Hollywood Theatre, some with live piano accompaniment.
If the film's title cards can be trusted, Portland, a city of 200,000, was the only place in the U.S. with a child government. Plumbing Oregonian archives, it's clear the program was more than a summertime diversion, though that was part of it. (During the 1910 festivities, a visiting San Francisco boy did a vaudeville act in blackface. He was deemed a "star performer.") Local reformers talked of "the boy problem" and treated the election with gravity. The program, they argued, would instill a sense of civic duty and slash crime rates. Most ambitiously—and paternalistically—they believed it would protect Portland's vulnerable youth.
In 1910, its inaugural year, voting for boy mayor lasted a week, during which the candidate pool grew steadily. The Oregonian covered the race closely. June 23: "'Dark Horse' Lester Oakley Making Fast Strike Toward Top." (Oakley, age 11, had enlisted his sister to canvas for him.) June 24: "Several hitherto unimportant candidates climbed dangerously near the top." June 25: "Fight for Boy Mayor has Become Fast and Furious."
Voting booths were scattered downtown in hopes that businessmen would pause and make deposits for their favorite lads. One booth was located at department store Meier & Frank, where we presume young Harold Meier polled quite well. On the final day of voting, the polling headquarters on Southwest Stark Street "resembled a riot." Newsies darted about, collecting whatever gold and checks they could to buy more votes for their boy, Sam Weinstein, a red-haired kid with pale blue eyes and a serious face. A "man of mystery," who declined to reveal his name, purchased vote after vote for Bud Kribs, an independent candidate. But despite the efforts of this enigmatic fellow, Weinstein emerged victorious. All told, more than 150,000 ballots were cast. It was "an election as dramatic in its climax as anything ever seen in Portland."
Nearly as dramatic was Weinstein's weeklong term. He and his boy council supported the completion of the Broadway Bridge, required that horse-drawn vehicles use taillights after dark, endorsed the purchase of Council Crest as a city park, and advocated for more drinking fountains, swimming pools and band concerts. The regular mayor had made further requests of his juvenile counterpart, which it seems were ignored: "While you are at it, you might regulate the dancehall evil, determine the great question of 'what is a sandwich,' that we may tell just the difference between a restaurant and a drinking palace, solve the teamster's strike and call on the 477 people on the East Side who want streets improved."
Sex. Sandwiches. Strikes. Streets. Who says times change?
By 1912, candidates were canvassing extensively and hustling hard for votes. They made speeches at the Rotary Club and printed cards with campaign promises of lower taxes and more playgrounds. A few girls entered the fray, even if they demurred after being elected. In 1913, Alice Campbell said that while "always and unalterably a believer in the rightness and the beneficent effect of the feminine influence in public affairs...she felt a boy Commissioner might be able to 'help more.'"
From 1912 to 1914—there's no mention of the program after 1914, and it's unclear why it ended—the boy mayor and his junior administration met weekly. By 1914, they had a force of 50 boy police, "always on the alert to discover and deal severely with urchins guilty of petty thievery, short-changing, crap-shooting and other tabooed indulgences." Boys attended theater productions of Sherlock Holmes "to learn methods of detecting crime," and the juvenile court, which handled vexing newsboy cases, acquired "a reputation for dealing out speedy justice."
The towering achievement, though, was the newsboy clubhouse. Located on Southwest 1st Avenue, near where Lovejoy Fountain stands today, it had a swimming pool, gym, library and social hall with a player piano and a Victrola. There, boys encouraged each other to resist the temptations of modern life, and reformers rejoiced that vice was successfully being stamped out among these piteous, poverty-stricken youngsters. The clubhouse was "their one great joy, and the most wholesome influence in their young lives."
And the benefits went on. In the dark days before the establishment of the clubhouse, one newsboy a month was killed or seriously injured in an accident on the streets. But afterward? Well, reported The O: "This average has been reduced to only an occasional street accident."
GO: The Boy Mayor and other films from the OHS archives will be screened at the Hollywood Theatre at 7 pm Thursday, April 24. $8.


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Excellent Advice: Being Salafī and Being Alone, Away from the Jamāʿah? https://t.co/TTOMbPULMM
Ash'ariyyah: The Qur'an is Created (Indecisiveness Concerning the Speech of Allaah)
By Abul-'Abbaas Moosaa Richardson
Excerpted from the audio lecture 'Speaking Decisively about the Qur'aan Being the Speech of Allaah' from the 'Aqeedah Class (Summer '07) based on the Haa'iyyah poem of the famous scholar Ibn Abee Daawood as-Sijistaanee
|15 Min.
From the points discussed:
Clarifying the Ash'aree doubt concerning the ayah: Verily, this is the Word (this Qur'an brought by) a most honourable messenger [Jibreel (Gabriel), from Allaah to the Prophet Muhammad (sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam)]. (At-Takwir 81:19) Their claim that the speech of Jibreel is created and therefore the Qur'an is created and not the speech of Allaah!
The deficient nature of one who cannot speak and how this does not befit the Lord of Creation
Say (O Muhammad sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam to mankind). "If the sea were ink for (writing) the Words of my Lord, surely, the sea would be exhausted before the Words of my Lord would be finished, even if we brought (another sea) like it for its aid." (Al-Kahf 18:109)
The full lecture explains the following lines of poetry from Ibn Abee Daawood's Haa'iyyah
(3) And say: Not a created thing is the Speech of our great King,
Such was the religious position of the pious ones (before us) who spoke well.
(4) And do not be a person who takes no position on the Quran,
As did the followers of Jahm, and they had been too lax (to take the right position).
(5) And do not say that the Quran is created, meaning: its recitation,
Since the Speech of Allaah, through its recitation, is made clear.
Summer Courses 2007 – Masjid al-Furqaan – Toronto, Ontario
Translated by Moosaa Richardson


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The Airline Viking Vanguard Band won the Best Percussion award in their 2012 debut performance at the Four-State Marching Contest. Submitted by Russ Ramstad
- Filed Under
W.T. Lewis Elementary
October Top Dogs
Kindergarten: Joseph Bores, Tyler Rich, Lance Rodriguez, Ashton Ross.
First grade: Ryleigh Leggett, Noah Norwood, Reagan Robinson, Madden Sawrie.
Second grade: Maci Digilormo, Mikal Murph, Gavin Nunn, James Ross, Riley Walden.
Third grade: Rodrigo Hurtado, Emma Grace Pittman, Nate Rich, Wyatt Shamblin.
Fourth grade: Madelyn Frentress, Jacob Johnson, Taylor Porter, Ryan Steed.
Fifth grade: Stacia Eppler, Seth Gander, Madison Raab, Brandon Wendrock.
Teacher of the Month: Tori Johnson.
Legacy Elementary
Braggin' on a Bear
Oct. 9
Kindergarten: Grace Pratt, Brooke Landman, Cody Hampton, Audriana Burke, Jack Holley.
First grade: Jonah Smith, Zachary Cryer, Roger Gonzalez, Emma Pye, Mallory McMillan, Matthew Jarrett, Bo Sessions.
Second grade: Marissa Schoth, Cade Carroway, Landry Gray, Cole Weir, Ryan Welp, Devin Endel.
Third grade: Cannon Link, Jacob Younan, Cameron Zavala, Molly Gore, Amanda Rhodes, Ella Kate Malley, Alex Fugate.
Fourth grade: Caroline Horton, Emmy Whitecotton, Brighton Arnold, Collin Boyter, Gabe Auge, Ryley Sharp.
Fifth grade: Kira Brister, Madi Simms, Jada Savoy, Madi Schafehen, Callie McKay.
Airline High School
The Viking Vanguard Band followed up their Most Entertaining Show award from their final 2011 contest by winning the Best Percussion award in their 2012 debut performance at the Four-State Marching Contest.
The band is under the direction of Chad Causey, assisted by Grant Shelton, Andrew Vowell and Troy Moses. Drum majors are Charissa Aalgaard, Regan Dempsey and Jade Morgan.
The band opened this year's competition season with their program "The Rock Show." In being true to its rock origins, the band incorporates five electric guitars into a presentation of popular and readily recognized melodies of hit songs.
Drum Captain Donzell Hughes accepted the Best Percussion trophy for Airline. The Vanguard Band received the highest possible score of 1 in the three judged categories of Drum Major, Percussion and Band. Judges scored the Color Guard with the second best score of 2.


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Uses: This shampoo contains a unique formula for the care of fine, thinning, or falling hair. It removes unneeded oils, conditions, and yields a fuller look. This shampoo cleans the hair and scalp.
Directions: Use three times weekly.
Size: 8 fl. oz. bottle
Ingredients: Purified Water, DEA-Lauryl Sulfate, Cocamidopropyl Betaine, Sodium Laureth Sulfate, Cocamide DEA, Propylene Glycol, Polyquarterium-10, Citric Acid, Polysorbate 20, Disodium EDTA, Methylchloroisothiazolinone (and) Methylisothiazolinone, Fragrance.
Warnings: For external use only. Discontinue use if irritation or rash occurs. Avoid eyes or digestion. Rinse with water if in contact with eyes. Keep out of reach of children.
Disclaimer: Juveker Shampoo is not intended to treat, prevent, cure, relieve, resolve, stop or reduce hair loss or promote the growth of hair.
You may also be interested in the following product(s)
Juveker Hair Building Fibers
Regular Price: $60.00
Special Price: $21.95


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Published in association with The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Out of Print.
Finalist for the 2006 Historians of British Art book prize in the Multi-authored/edited volume, any period subject category.
Winner of the 2005 Golden Light Awards for the Best Exhibition Catalogue category. This award is sponsored by The Maine Photographic Workshops.
Finalist and shortlisted for the 2006 Kraszna-Krausz Book Awards.
Roger Fenton (1819-1869) was Englands most celebrated and influential photographer during the 1850s, the golden age of this radically new medium. Fentons majestic pictures of cathedrals, country houses, and varied countryside were without peer in Englandas were his views of the royal castles and Houses of Parliament that embodied Britains power. But Fentons choice of subjects ranged more widely still: he was among the first to photograph the Kremlin and other landmarks of Moscow and Kiev; he was commissioned in 1855 to document the Crimean War, producing early war photographs; and he created theatrical Orientalist costume pictures and a startling series of lush still lifes.
Fenton had first studied law and painting, but soon after he took up the camera he was making photographs that were technically superb and highly original in their handling of composition, perspective, atmosphere, and light. Always he strove to demonstrate that photography could equal the art of painting and even surpass it. He was the force behind the founding of the Photographic Society (later the Royal Photographic Society), which worked to advance the profession and encouraged the exhibition of members works throughout Britain. In a career of a single decade, Fenton did much to transform photography into a medium of powerful expression and visual delight.
This exquisitely produced bookthe first comprehensive publication on Fenton in almost twenty yearspresents eighty-five of the artists finest photographs and discusses every aspect of his work and his remarkable career.
Gordon Baldwin is Associate Curator of Photographs at the J. Paul Getty Museum; Malcolm Daniel is Curator in Charge, Department of Photographs, at The Metropolitan Museum of Art; and Sarah Greenough is Curator of Photographs at the National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
Tate Britain, London (September 21, 2005 - January 2, 2006)
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York (May 16 - August 14, 2005)


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Monday, December 10, 2012
Little Red in the Hood
28 comments:
- Helga! said...
That second shot just makes me want to grab you and have my wicked way with you...GRRRRRRR....VAJ alert,Mrs Slocombe is looking for her pussy and I think she's in the woods there perving at your luciousness!What HAVE you done with your pantaloons, young lady?!
Love you more than being ravaged in the forest!
- December 10, 2012 at 7:04 PM
- Franca said...
amazing photos, love the last one the best!
- December 10, 2012 at 7:52 PM
- Sue said...
Very clever!! If the big bad wolf don't get you is it the big old lumber jack to the rescue???
- December 10, 2012 at 7:52 PM
- edie pop said...
I love this photoshoot, so inspiring, the vibrant red of the cape and your gloomy,sad look: a masterpiece!!The last photo is beautiful, it scares the hell out of me and it's definitely a compliment!
Love you more than fairytales!!
- December 10, 2012 at 8:10 PM
- Marla said...
Oh you are so creative! Love these photos.
- December 10, 2012 at 9:34 PM
- grunge-queen said...
You look like you have morphed out of a magical and disturbing fairy tale; you've conveyed both moods. That cape is sure to attract The Big Bad Wolf - it's wonderful. Xo
- December 10, 2012 at 9:44 PM
- Emalina said...
You make the sexiest little red riding hood ever! Such gorgeous fairy tale stories, wonderful idea for a post.
- December 10, 2012 at 10:00 PM
- Marie @ Lemondrop Vintage said...
Love it, and shoes to match!
Marie @
Lemondrop ViNtAge
I am having a fabulous holiday giveaway right here.
- December 10, 2012 at 11:23 PM
- Carina Rosenholm said...
Amazing photos and you do inspire ! But.. To cold and to much snow..For me that is.
- December 10, 2012 at 11:27 PM
- thorne garnet said...
Watch out for the wolves.
- December 11, 2012 at 12:05 AM
- menopauselsupermodel said...
OOO what an awesome photoshoot!!!
Fabulous REd riding hood waiting for the big bad bear!!
I half-expected St.Helga the nun to pop up!
- December 11, 2012 at 12:43 AM
- YEYE STYLE BLOG said...
great shots, love the idea :)
- December 11, 2012 at 2:55 AM
- MistressCatgirl said...
Love it! You look so adorable and the photo shoot is marvelous.
- December 11, 2012 at 3:05 AM
- Vix said...
You are an absolute genius, amor! Your photos are absolutely wonderful and the ravaged one at the end is incredibly sexy.
Love you more than the big bad wolf. xxxxx
- December 11, 2012 at 3:30 AM
- Lisa said...
Cue Sam the Sham and the Pharoahs version of the song. I now want a red riding hood!
- December 11, 2012 at 4:23 AM
- Vintage Coconut said...
Your photos are gorgeous!! WOW!
I have to admit I was gagging with laughter over Helga's comment. I just could not stop. ("What a wicked woman")
- December 11, 2012 at 7:24 AM
- Bella Q said...
my what big awesome you have-You are a delectable morsel.
- December 11, 2012 at 8:46 AM
- pastcaring said...
Ohhh, those scary eyes! Poor Little Red, she obviously came to a sticky end... (That sounds ruder than I meant it to...)
You look ravishing and ravishable, and I am so glad you had your crochet blanket to fall on in the deep dark forest!
Loveyoumorethanhungrywolves. xxxxxx
- December 11, 2012 at 8:58 AM
- Miss Simmonds Says said...
Beautiful!! Just stunning! I love it all, it's got so much atmosphere to it. You look lovely. The last shot is one of your best ever.
Now you just need the woodsman to come and save you with his big chopper - SNORT
Love love xxxxx
- December 11, 2012 at 9:24 AM
- Trees said...
Your photography is just amazing - I love this whimsical photo shoot. I'll have to come and visit you some day so you can make me look fabulous on film!
- December 11, 2012 at 10:53 AM
- The Grande Dame said...
Ooo-er... looks like YOU might be lying in wait for the Big Bad Wolf, rather than the other way around! You saucy temptress you.
- December 11, 2012 at 11:36 AM
- Lynn Dylan said...
Yikes!! What atmosphere! You look very beguiling in the second photo. Totally vulnerable in the last one. Great photography!
- December 12, 2012 at 12:28 AM
- Krista said...
These images are eerily delightful. Better run along home before it gets dark:). Very creative sweet lil Sarah!
- December 12, 2012 at 1:52 PM
- Forest City Fashionista said...
Cool photoshoot! You look like you're dreaming of a handsome huntsman in that last photo (Perhaps one that is a dead ringer for Jakey cakes?).
- December 15, 2012 at 1:10 AM
- Melanie said...
Oh, Mr. Wolf, what big...was it EYES you have? Something obviously tired you out in the woods. This is a crazily inspired fantastically awesome series of photos. I'm just relieved that the wolf didn't have an egg beater with him like when poor Sister Helga was attacked. LOL! You're the best.
- December 15, 2012 at 7:02 PM
- Pull Your Socks Up! said...
Gahhhhhhhhhd dammit!!! I fell in love with the last pic on FB but how did I miss this spectacular post? Oh you are the photographer I have been seeking all my life - such beautiful photos lovely! Mr Wolf ought to be scared :) xoxoxoxoxoxoxo
- December 17, 2012 at 8:15 AM
- Stacey said...
These photos are amazing! They gave me chills right down my spine!
- December 23, 2012 at 10:14 PM
- Truly Madly Beauty said...
OMG I bloomin loves this! You make a smokin hot little red missy! The big bad wolf better watch out ;)
Aysh xoxo
- December 31, 2012 at 7:29 AM


text:
Minerva Louise is a charming chicken and the main character of many cute stories by author Janet Morgan Stoek. Join us for a Minerva Louise Party!
Come join the fun based on this silly hen. First, we will read a few stories, and then have fun with a craft, art project, and a treat.
For more information, stop in or call the Children's Desk at 967-3670.
All library events are free and open to everyone. Those with special needs are encouraged to call the library office at 967-3662, within 24 hours of the event, to assure that specific needs with regards to parking, building and meeting room accessibility are met.
Read the Library Newsletter


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- Label Info
% Daily Value Serving Size 1 pouch Servings Per Container 1 Calories 270 Calories From Fat 70 Total Fat 7 g 11% Saturated Fat 2 g 10% Trans Fat 0 g Cholesterol 60 mg 20% Sodium 780 mg 34% Total Carbohydrate 26 g 9% Dietary Fiber 4 g 16% Sugars 4 g Protein 25 g Vitamin A 15% Vitamin C 10% Calcium 8% Iron 25%
Ingredients: Grilled Seasned Beef and Modiefied Food Starch Steak Strips (Beef, Water, Seasoning [Salt, Garlic and Onion, Spices, Dextrose, Autolyzed Yeast Extract, Grill Flavor {Grill Flavor (from Partially Hydrogenated Cottonseed/Soybean Oil), Modified Food Starch, Corn Syrup Solids}, Natural Flavoring Including Extractive of Garlic and Lime], Modified Food Starch, Sodium Phosphate), Water, Diced Tomatoes (Diced Tomatoes, Tomato Juice, Citric Acid, Calcium Chloride), Corn, Black Beans, Southwest, Style Seasoning (Dehydrated Garlic and Onion, Spices, Sugar, Caramel Color, Hydrolyzed Soy Protein, Natural Grill Flavor [From Vegetable Oil], Contains 2% or Less of the Following: Modified Food Starch with Erythorbic Acid, Red Bell Peppers, Green Bell Peppers, Onions, Tomato Paste, Modified Food Starch, Soybean Oil, Ancho Pepper Concentrate (Red Chili Pepper Puree, Ancho Powder, Salt, And Corn Oil), Salt Lemon Juice Concentrate.
Allergens: Soy
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- Additional Info
MRE is the acronym for Meals-Ready-to-Eat. These pouch meals were originally designed for our soldiers in the U.S. Military. These dishes are precooked and can be eaten cold or heated. Great attention goes into developing the recipes for MRE's. Learn more about MRE shelf life with our insight article - MRE Shelf Life
MRE Heater
Datrex Water Pouches - 4 ounce Pouch (Single)


text:
Forests provide employment for up to 1 billion people and contribute over US$ 450 billion to the global economy. Yet in some regions, deforestation continues at an alarming rate. Produced by UNEP to mark the International Day of Forests, this film highlights the critical role of forests in supporting the environment, the economy, and human well-being.
Pollutants that are short-lived in the atmosphere such as black carbon, methane and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are responsible for a substantial fraction of current global warming with particularly large impacts in urban areas and sensitive regions of the world like the Arctic, and have harmful health and environmental impacts.Addressing these short lived climate pollutants can have immediate, multiple benefits. Reducing them will protect human health and the environment now and s


text:
(Copyright 2002. The Tattoo. All rights reserved.)
Making a permanent impression since 1994
April 8, 2002
Hypnotist mesmerizes teens
By Jacqui Moreau
You only graduate from high school once. You remember what you wore, who you were with and everything you did that day for the rest of your life.
Every year, a dozen dedicated parents of Lewis Mills seniors run 'Project Graduation,' a year-long fund-raising campaign that affords an unforgettable after-graduation party.
Sales of the 'Entertainment' coupon books, Yankee Candles and 'The Pampered Chef' culinary accessories have been the big fundraisers so far this year.
But no other fundraiser compares to the Dan LaRosa hypnotist show, which made its annual appearance at Lewis Mills recently.
"We just want to have fun tonight," LaRosa told the audience, which nearly filled the Mills auditorium.
Each student paid $5 and each adult forked over $8 for a dynamic night out that proved much more entertaining than any big screen show.
Hypnotism bridges the subconscious and conscious states of mind. In trance, the intellectual mind relaxes, and people are enabled and more willing to do as their nature dictates. People under hypnosis only act under their value system.
The victims often lack full awareness of their surroundings, and, in this case, that they have an audience. Because the participants are not quite asleep, but not fully awake, they make act in ways that later make them feel embarrassed.
LaRosa entertains about 150 crowds each year. He travels
distances ranging from as close his hometown in
When he asked for a show of hands as to how many people had come to last years' presentation, half of the crowd thrust their arms into the air.
The audience was full of energy: they wanted to have fun that night too.
"I won't make you act like a chicken or a dog," LaRosa promised the two dozen volunteers that he called onto the stage. "I won't make you tell your deepest, darkest secrets either."
"I'm going to make you feel relaxed, like at a bus stop," was one of the jumbled sentences the hypnotist spoke.
A series of tone changes, obscure words thrown into his sentences and peculiar deep breathing into the microphone characterized his speech throughout the show.
Over the course of the night, a student usually seen "moshing" at a rock concert was dancing ballet, a group of junior and sophomore boys stood out as they learned to luau, and a senior boy yelled at the audience in Chinese.
When asked if she was a believer, audience member and Lewis Mills Senior Lauren Cables said, "Some people just fake it, but sometimes it's real."
Catie Aylsworth, also a senior at Mills affirmed, "I think that you have to have the right mindset to really be hypnotized."
LaRosa's 22 years of experience was evident in the crowd's awestruck response to the show.
The show night also kicked of a large-scale fund-raising raffle. Prizes such as a DVD player and gift certificates from local vendors will go to the winners. Town residents will have the opportunity to purchase tickets through the mail.
The annual 'Project Graduation' Tag Sale, held at the Harwinton Fairgrounds, is expected to take place in early May as well.


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Biology 151
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Biology, 7th Edition (Book & CD-ROM)
Lecture 14
: Mutations
Defects in DNA that change gene function
Mutations can be from three different things: ***
1. change in template for rRNA or tRNA
2. change in coding region for protein
3. change in recognition sites for protein binding
Homologous genes
ancestral gene. Humans and other animals have genes that evolved from this ancestral gene.
Frameshift mutation ***
loss or gains of anything other than 3
Frameshift causes... ***
extensive missense. It shifts the reading frame.
How does change in recognition sites for protein binding cause mutation?
DNA change in operator might block binding of repressor protein. It screws up the expression of the genes, not only the coating.
Mutations can change the...
promoter, regions that bind transcription factors. Ex: splicesome binding
Big mutations rearrange chromosomes: 1)
Can recombine coding regions of different genes-exon "shuffling" to make new gene
DNA rearrangements can give genes new transcription patterns
Function is not always changed by coating region, but mostly by
Marty Chalfie, Roger Tsien, Osamu Shimomura
Fuse enhancer promoter DNA to coding regions of Green Flourescent Protein (GFP) from jellyfish. Get regional expression of GFP.
similarity by descent from common ancestor
Important field, computer predictions of the sequence of DNA
How do cells generate variation in heredity needed for variation of evolution?
Mutations and individuals can swap DNA
How can individuals swap DNA?
Eukaryotes-mostly via sex
Prokaryotes-not real sex, but can exchange parts of DNA
Why swap DNA?
b/c of environment: selection pressure, need variation, swapping DNA gives an advantage
Prokaryotic cell division
fission into 2 daughter cells. replicate circular chromosome DNA. Only differences are from mutations or errors.
Bacteria exchange parts of DNA 3 different ways:
transformation, conjugation, or transduction
transformation ***
Take up DNA from outside and incorporate into chromosome
What is an example of transformation?
Griffith's experiments with Smooth and rough pneumonia bacteria
What do you need for transformation?
Cell surface proteins and transport proteins for uptake of DNA (DNA is polar and won't go through lipid bilayer by itself).
Conjugation ***
Direct transfer of DNA from another bacterium
How is DNA passed in conjugation?
long extensions of membrane called pili. This makes a bridge.
Conjugation can pass plasmids:
small circular DNA, not part of the chromosome
Other kinds of conjugations can pass part of...
chromosome. Can recombine DNA between plasmids and chromosomes
Plasmids passed during conjugation can carry...
valuable info. Ex. R plasmids carry mutant genes that make bacteria resistant to antibiotic drugs. Huge medical problem.
Transduction ***
transfer DNA via a bacterial virus (bacteriophage or phage)
infectious agent smaller than bacterium. reproduce in host. contain mostly protein and nucleic acids.
protein that wraps up a viruses nucleic acid, sometimes with membrane lipid envelope
Uses host cell to make more virus in the...
lytic cycle
perform enzyme-like catalytic functions
Lecture 15
: What does Viral DNA do?
takes over DNA replication and make viral mRNA. Protein and virus assemble together to make macromolecular complex
alternative lysogenic life cycle ***
virus DNA recombines into and out of host chromosome. Like a storage stage for the virus; not making more virus.
(accidental) Virus takes fragment of bacterial DNA from old host, incorporates it into chromosome of new host.
group of physically similar organisms that can interbreed in nature
Are there seperate species in bacteria?
Yes and sometimes. It''s possible to make single stranded DNA or double stranded DNA.
Bacterial genomes are...
Viruses for Eukaryotic hosts
Can be RNA or DNA, double stranded or single.
Retrovirus RNA is converted to DNA by...
Reverse transcriptase. ex: HIV virus, causes AIDS
Viral diseases
can take over and disrupt tissues by producing more virus. can import and abnormally express genes from humans and others.
Occasional viruses pick up...
host DNA
Difficulties with primordial soup
synthesis problems, clutter and diffusion problems, chirality (most sugars are right handed, most AA are left handed)
mirror images. cannot be superimposed
Miller's Freeze experiment ***
can create organic molecules. they can convert molecules to one chiral form.
What could you get self-replicating polymers with?
Lecture 16:
RNA can be... ***
an enzyme and a template.
"RNA World" hypothesis
RNA is the only thing that does this. Acts like ribozymes
Two step self-replication
one acts like template for complimentary strand. The complimentary strand makes original enzymes that make the process more efficient.
Chemical natural selection
ribozyme replication not accurate. Select for ribozyme variants that are better at linking nucleotides.
This is better with RNA because
RNA is better at linking phosphate backbone. Made efficient by picking enzymes that make more of themselves.
Ancient cells?
Have short polypeptide-can bind to selective DNA or RNA sequence. RNA acted as a template for forming proteins and the protein then aided in replication of RNA
Modern hypothesis
RNA does not self replicate. DNA does. DNA is much more stable then RNA, better storage of nucleotides
Primitive membranes
fatty acid membranes, instead of phospholipid membranes. Much more permeable. No active transport of diffusion.
Order of process ***
DNA to RNA to protein
have membrane bound organelles including nucleus containing the DNA
Eukaryotes made metabolic processes to be...
more efficient. Greater complexity=specialized. Allows cells to get bigger.
Semi autonomous organelles
act like small organisms. capable of replicating and dividing. can move. remnants of bacteria
DNA to RNA to proteins: Pro vs. Eu
Pro is all together
Eu is all in different parts
Chromatin ***
strands of chromosomes
nucleoulus ***
site of rRNA synthesis from chromosomes, assembly of large and small ribosomal subunits. Assemble rRNA and proteins
Nuclear envelope
two lipid bilayers. (2 membranes for each lipid bilayer)
Can mRNA pass through a lipid bilayer?
Can proteins pass through a lipid bilayer?
It depends of kind of protein. Ones that have hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts are hard to get completely through
Nuclear pores
complex of proteins, filter. active transport pore. in inner and outer nuclear envelopes
Nuclear "pore"
active transport complex of about 30 kinds of proteins. selectively recognizes proteins through lock and key
mRNA sorting ***
binds adaptor and export proteins that interact with pores. Machine recognizes specific proteins
What do you need to recognize adaptors?
5' cap, poly A tail and splicing
protein sorting by signal sequence
AA sequence that allows binding to nuclear import protein by lock and key
Lecture 17
: Endoplasmic Reticulum
Network of membrane enclosed tubes, discs
rough er vs. smooth er
rough has ribosomes(translates proteins) and smooth does not
ER membrane is continuous with
the outer nuclear envelope
Smooth ER ***
no protein synthesis. Site of phospholipid and steroid (cholesterol) synthesis. Also a process storage (of Ca
) and others.
The endomembrane system traffics...
transmembrane proteins that are exported, or secreted, from the cell
What do the proteins do that were made by rough ER?
Either make transmembrane proteins or get proteins out of the cell by exocytosis
"Pulse-Chase" experiment with radioactive amino acid
Use cell that secretes lots of protein
add radioactive AA to tag something for a short period of time
Add lots of non-radioactive AA
What did this verify? ***
movement of radioactive proteins from the rough ER to the Golgi and eventually outside of the cell
ER signal sequence
allows insertion through ER membrane.ribosomes are slightly attached to the membrane and allow protein to float around inside of ER
Secreted proteins move from ER to...
golgi apparatus
Golgi apparatus
stack of flattened membrane bound discs. There are diff enzymes in diff stacks for processing proteins
Processing of proteins
some cleaved to make smaller polypeptides, some linked to other proteins, and some linked to other molecules, like carbohydrates
Glycosylation ***
when proteins covalentely link to carbohydrates
central vacuole
in plant and fungal cells for digestion, processing and storage. membrane wrapped
Vesicle formation and trafficking
can fuse with or pinch off from cell membrane or intracellular membranes. endo, pinch and bring in. exo, fuse and bring out
How are proteins secreted?
via transport vesicles in the ER and secretory vesicles in the golgi
Trafficking of vesicles
end in "somes." endosomes, exosomes, etc
lysosomes ***
contain digestive enzymes and reduce AA
What is the correct order for protein secretion? ***
ER, transport vesicle, Golgi, secretory vesicle
What happens to the lipids in a secretory vesicle?
They wind up in the cell membrane
intracellular rods and fibers that support the cell
Movement of vesicles
Attach to cytoskeleton and move with motor proteins. (change shape, grab vesicle and walk along the cytoskeleton)
Prokaryotes vs. eu.
Pro-diffusion would work
Eu-diffusion won't work because they're bigger
thickest diameter
finest diameter
intermediate filaments
intermediate. stable "girders."
What is the major role of these?
to move things inside and move proteins around in the cell
More on microtubules ***
helical polymer made of individual dimers of alpha and beta tubulin proteins. (polymer made of proteins). Dimer is a polymer of 2. Can be stable "girders" but can also move things
Lecture 18:
More about intermediate filaments
mostly stuctural meshwork under membranes. many diff types. Same family as nuclear laminin (thick cloth). gives shape
Microtubules can move things three different ways: ***
1)push or pull things by rapid lengthening or shortening
2)using attached motor proteins
3) slide past each other via motor proteins
In animal cells, microtubules often emerge from
centriole in the centrosome-made in microtubules, made of 2 centrioles.
centrosome ***
microtubule organizing center. two cylinders, each with a ring of 9 microtubule "triplets". 1 centrosome in animal cells
Movement by motor proteins: kinesin
"walks" vesicles along microtubule. Require E. E stored in phosphate bonds in ATP
Sliding microtubules move
cilia-short and many- and flagella-long and few. Fine bendable projections from cell, enclosed by cell membrane.
How do the cilia and flagella work?
they can either move by pushing water or stay still in membrane and create a flow for other things to move
Cilia ***
contain mictotubules organized into ring- 9 pairs in ring plus 2 central("9+2") Pairs connected by dynein=motor protein
More about microfilaments
narrow, double helix made of actin proteins
How do microfilaments move? ***
1) shortened or lengthened by removal or addition of actin
2) slid pass each other with motor proteins=myosins
Both drive actively changing extensions of cell membrane
end with "podia" blobby=pseudopodia. fine=filopodia.
What does the movement of microfilaments do? ***
shortens muscles, other changes in cell shape and cytoplasmic "streaming" in plants (circulate cytoplasm)
Does endocytosis require energy?
Yes. any shape change needs E.
Does waving cilia require E?
Semi-autonomous organelles
mitochondria and chloroplasts. where most of the ATP comes from in eukaryotic cells
produce chemical E from sugars and other compounds. machine for making ATP. lots in cytoplasm. has 2 membranes, inner and outer
in plants and some protists. site for photosynthesis=site for production of E from sunlight. also has 2 membranes
"Semi-autonomous?" ***
mito and chloro contain some of their own DNA, mRNA and ribosomes. They reproduce in cells by fission. Resemble free-living bacteria. have transcription and translation
organisms living together in direct and intimate contact. endosymbiont theory
Lecture 19:
Win win situation
endosymbionts get nutrients from the host cell. mitochondria, like endosymbionts, make ATP for host cell.
Bacteria has diff kinds of metabolism
pro has more than eu but eu is good at specialization
Mitrochondria produce ATP in the
2nd and 3rd steps of respiration
(glucose) + 6O
+ 6H2O + ATP (energy)
spontaneous, but you'd have to wait a long long time
Respiration of the monosaccharide glucose via
a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. this lowers the Ea for the reaction to make it go
Glycolysis ***
in cytoplasm(not in mitochondria). 6 carbon glucose lysed into 2 3-carbon pyruvates, get ATPs and electrons
Pyruvate then enters the...
Kreb (Citric Acid) cycle in mitochondrial matrix
Kreb Cycle
Broken into CO2's, get ATPs and electrons
Oxidative phosphorylation
in mitochondrial matrix, electrons + O2 ---> ATP
Reduced ***
atom that gains electrons (reduces charge)
atom that loses electrons (gains charge)
Reduction-Oxidation (REDOX) reaction
when one is reduced and one is oxidized. A + B ----> A- + B+. Product has more electrons than what it started with
Electron carriers are reduced by
high energy electrons
NAD+ + 2e- + H+ ----> NADH
FAD + 2H+ + 2e- ---->FADH2
NADP+ + H+ + 2e- ----> NADPH
What does this do?
Grabs electrons and stores in high energy state or builds intermediates
Every step in glycolysis and Kreb cycle is..
catalyzed by a seperate protein enzyme
More about glycolysis
1) initial steps require phosphate from ATP
2) More ATP is produced than initially used
3) electrons are captured in NADH
Yields: 2ATP + 2NADH
Could glycolysis occur if there was no ATP?
organic, polar, needs transportation protein
After Pyruvate enters the mitochondrion matrix...
3 carbon pyruvate loses 1 carbon as CO2 as it binds to Coenzyme A to make Acetyl-coA.
Acetyl CoA adds its...
2 carbons to a 4 carbon oxaloacetate, making a 6 carbon citric acid (citrate)
The cycle then takes the 6 carbon and
produces the 4 carbon again. Two carbons are lost as CO2 (needs to run twice for one glucose)
Yield of Kreb cycle: ***
Glycolysis: glucose (6C) --->
2 pyruvates (3Cx2), yields 2ATP, 2NADH
Binding Coenzyme A (x2): 2 pyruvates--->
2 acetyl coa's (2C) + 2CO2, yields 2NADH
Kreb cycle (x2): 2 acetyl coA's----->
4CO2, yields 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2.
Per glucose, glycolysis and Kreb cycle give...
2 ATP Each, 4 total (pathetic)
But, convert electrons to energy via
Oxidative phosphorylation
substrate level phosphorylation
glycolysis and kreb cycle make ATP by taking phosphate from high energy subtrate molecule and binding ATP.
Lecture 20:
2 parts of oxidative phosphorylation ***
electron transport chain and ATP synthase
Electron transport chain
uses electrons to pump H+ into space between mitochondrial membranes (H+ needs to be pumped because it's too polar to diffuse)
Where are the pumps?
in the inner membrane. uses energy from electrons. Three different pumps in a row. Each grab electrons in diff. E states. O2 grabs electrons at the end to make H2O.
Electrons in the chain are often carried by ***
metal atoms, iron or copper, surrounded by protein
iron-containing ring. similar to heme that carries O2 in blood. stores E. imbedded in transport proteins.
Second step is ATP synthase
uses diffusion of H+ back across membrane to make ATP. uses a turbine (backwards pump). goes from high concentration of H+ to low concentration
Inner and outer membrane
acidic environment because of H+
How efficient?
Total per glucose is about 32-38 ATP. 40% efficient. rest of E is lost as heat.
Evolution? Some prokaryotes have electron transport chains. Why?
Reduces acidity of the cytoplasm and drives co-transport (get H+ concentration high on outside to drive other molecules in)
What if there is no oxygen? ***
The electron transport chain will quickly stop pumping H+ ions and the cell will start to run out of NAD+.
What will happen to glycolysis and Kreb cycle if there is no oxygen?
they will quickly shut down
with oxygen
without oxygen
If there is no NAD+,
no glycolysis or Kreb cycle. (There is a limited pool of NAD+)
What is the solution?
Add steps to regain NAD+ from NADH by fermentation
to get NAD+ back if there in no O2.
What are the two types of fermentation? ***
Lactic acid, used by us. pyruvate---> lactate. Needs 2NADH and get 2 NAD+.
Ethanol fermentation, used by yeast. Pyruvate---> take C off to get CO2.
Can the products of fermentation enter the Kreb cycle?
No. No NADH for oxidative phosphorylation. You do get 2 ATP per glucose with Fermentation
Lecture 21:
Respiration can use _____ feedback... ***
negative, for allosteric control of enzyme activity. EX: ATP or citric acid inhibit glycolysis. keep cell at homeostasis. Too much ATP slows it down
Where do animals and fungi get E?
From many organic molecules, not just glucose. From eating other animals and fungi and photosynthesis in plants
A tree gets most of its non-water mass from
the atmosphere
surrounded by 2 membranes
stroma ***
space inside inner membrane
thlakoids ***
membrane-bound discs in stroma. They are stacked into grana
Light reactions ***
Use light energy to make ATP, electrons in NADPH and O2. happens in the thylakoid membranes.
Dark reactions ***
use ATP, electrons in NADPH and CO2 to make sugar. happens in the stroma
Calvin cycle
Dark reactions. Carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration.
Carbon fixation ***
3 ribulose biphophate (RuBP) + 3 CO2 ---> 6 3 carbon chains (short-lived), using Rubisco enzyme
Reduction ***
produces 6 G3P's, 1 of which is removed from the cycle and is used to make sugars.
Regeneration of RuBP ***
Remaining 5 G3Ps + ATP regenerate 3 5-carbon RuBP's (starting Material)
How many times do you need to run? ***
Three times to harvest an organic molecule. Use 9 ATP's, and 6 NADPH's. get 3 CO2's
Pigments absorb
light energy. Chlorophyll a and b. Magnesium containing ring. Light excited electrons in ring to higher, unstable energy.
accessory pigments. Absorb diff. wavelengths of light, protect chlorophylls from bleaching. This is the color you can see in leaves because the chloroplasts are dying
Pigments in photosystems
use light to excite and donate electrons to electron acceptor. Water is the electron donor.
Photosystem II is first
gives high energy electrons to H+ pumping electron transport chain.
What does Photosystem II do? ***
Pumps H+ into the thylakoid and uses the H+ gradient to drive ATP synthase. Again, uses electrons from H2O.
Then Photosystem I
get and excites electrons from H+ pumping electron transport chain.
The excited electrons can go one of two directions: ***
1) donated to NADP+ to make NADPH
2) Go back to H+ pumping electron transport chain to make ATP
Choice after photosystem I creates two different schemes. 1) Non cyclic (the Z scheme)
makes both ATP via H+ pumps and NADH after PSI. Creates NADPH
2) Cyclic ***
Makes ATP via H+ pumps, but no NADPH
Lecture 22:
Why would you chose to do the cyclic scheme instead of the non-cyclic? ***
The non-cyclic scheme makes about equal amounts of NADPH and ATP. The calvin cycle needs 9 ATPs and 6 NADPH. Use the calvin cycle to make more ATP
Plants get almost all their energy from
plants get almost all their carbon from
Differences in: carbon source-
Organic(heterotroph) or inorganic(autotroph)
Differences in: energy source
molecules(chemotroph) or sunlight(phototroph)
Plants get almost all their electrons from
Electron donors and acceptors: Plants- ***
H2O is donor and oxygen is acceptor
In animals and fungi ***
Reduced organic molecules is the donor and oxygen is the acceptor
Electron donors and acceptors in bacteria... ***
have lots of possiblities, eu. are limited. this is why pro. can live in diff. environments
single celled eu. first eu. to evolve
collection of individuals. some protists and pros. form colonies
"true" mulitcellular life
fungi, plants and animals
Plants and fungi have
cell walls outside cell membrane. allows cells to stick together. There are breaks in the cell walls that allow for direct contact between cells
Cell wall is made of
polysaccharides and proteins
single celled or multicellular. Cell wall is made of chitin polysaccharide.
"cells" in long tubes
cells often seperated by wall and membrane by these
Pores in walls
connects membranes, big enough for nuclei, organelles and metabolites to pass through
fused cells
cell walls mostly made of cellulose polysaccharide.
plasmodesmata ***
pores in cell walls that connect cell membranes. Can pass RNA, proteins, nucleic acids and small organic molecules, but too small for nuclei and organelles
What does plasmodesmata connect? ***
The smooth ER of two cells
no cell was, but jelly-like extracellular matrix. mixture of proteins and polysaccarides. flexible
long protein fibers, connective tissure
chondroitin sulfate
large polysaccharide. make jelly coat
what happens when you age?
extracellular matrix begins to break down
Most animal cells are not_____, but can be connected by ***
syncytial, gap junctions: small pores between some(not all) animal cells. Ex: sponges, muscles.
What can pass though gap junctions? ***
Monomer, ions, small monosaccharides, not macromolecules
Animal cells also adhere using
Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAMs) in membranes. Protein with carbohydrate in membrane. Use lock and key binding to protein on adjacent cell
Binding: homophilic-
bind cell adhesion molecule to identical molecule on other cell
Binding: heterophilic-
bind to different molecule
binding also by...
indirect binding by linker molecule
Lecture 23:
Animal cells can be arranged in many different ways. Connective tissue:
cells relatively loose
Tightly attached cells organized into flat sheet. ex: organs and skin
Epithelia are
polarized. Two sides: apical and basal
Basal Lamina
extracellular matrix that underlies the basal side (collagen)
Junctions between epithelial cells
specialized CAMs (homophilic adhesion molecules) at each. ex: Cadherin. Little room for diffusion, seals it up
Junctions from epithelial cells to extracellular matrix
EX. connection to basal lamina uses integrin: binds to cytoskeleton and collagen
How do cells signal?
1) cytoplasmic connections
2) without cytoplasmic connections
Via cytoplasmic connections
syncytieal cells can pass everything. Plants use plasmodesmata and animals use gap junctions (Take a long time to signal)
Signals without cytoplasmic connections: Signaling molecule= ***
ligand. Either membrane bound (short range) or secreted (short or long range).
Signal binds and activates specific
receptor by changing it's shape
What is a diffusible signal that can go through membranes? ***
Steroids. Hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts. lipids, testosterone, and estogen, etc. All molecules can signal
Steroid transduction
steroid binds receptor protein in cytoplasm and nucleus.
Receptor-steroid complex is a ***
transcription factor that binds to DNA. It turns on transcription of genes with matching enhancer DNA
Other than lipids and gasses,
most signal cannot diffuse through lipid bilayer. ex. proteing and AA. Receptor is usually transmembrane protein.
Range within cell: whole cell example:
signals that turn on (or turn off) transcription
Range within cell: local:
Signal affects part of cell near receptor. EX. Signal changes assembly of nearby microfilaments or response to food.
No amplification if... ***
activated molecule only activated one target molecule (protein-protein binding)
Amplification if... ***
activated moleucule is an enzyme
Example of no amplification
Activated G protein binds and activates single target protein
Activated enzymes amplify signal
protein kinases: enzymes that add phosphates to specific proteins, activating or inactivating them.
Cascades of kinases can... ***
amplify weak signals
Positive feedback ***
can amplify or lengthen time of signal (Goes back to receptor and makes more)
Negative feedback ***
can decrease or shorten time of signal (Doesn't make more receptor). Nervous system and light sensors
Lecture 24:
Steroid summary
go through membranes, activates cytoplasmic receptor that becomes a transcription factor
Some signal transduction pathways use...
small, non protein messengers=second messengers. inside the cell.
big examples of second messengers ***
lipids from membrane lipids, cyclic AMP (cAMP) from ATP, and CA2+ from outside cell or storage in ER
major component of transduction pathways. ATP---> cAMP + 2P. cAMP stimulates protein kinase.
can a second messenger also be a signal between cells? ***
Second messengers through gap junctions?
Yes. Ca2+ wave via gap junctions and positive feedback.
Do all multicellular eukaryotes have sexual reproduction?
Asexual Reproduction
From single parent. in pro. or multicellular eu.
Sexual reproduction
From two different parents, eggs and sperm of germ line
Eggs are...
immobile and usually larger. Most contain yolk that serve as nutrients (we don't have yolk because of placenta)
sperm are...
mobile and usually smaller. swims by flagellum. DNA in nucleus. Big mitochondria
combining genetic info. sperm membrane fuses with egg membrane. sperm has enzymes that digest extracellular matrix of egg.
First steps, fertilized egg... ***
divides to form embryo
first divisions. can occur without growth, forms blastula
many cells indistinguished from one another.
Cells mover to make germ layers in
gastrulation in the gastrula
ectoderm ***
outermost, makes skin, nervous system
mesoderm ***
middle, makes muscles and internal organs
endoderm ***
innermost, makes digestive system (stomach, esophagus, etc.)
Each germ layer subdivides into specific organs (skin brain heart, liver, muscles, intestines, etc)
Organogenesis: neurulation: ***
formation of central nervous system in vertebrates.
in neurulation, the ectoderm ***
pinches off a long tube=neural tube. the neural tube forms brain and spinal cord.
Do differentiated cells have different DNA? ***
No, mostly have the same DNA
Differentiated cells all contain the same ***
making an embryo that contains the DNA from a differentiated adult cell
If cell is limited,
If cell allows for making of all cell types,
DNA is lost,
DNA is not lost
Process of cloning
take differentiaeted cell and take out nucleus, take unfertilized egg and take nucleus out. Sub nucleus into egg.
what makes differentiated cell diff? ***
Same DNA, but diff. gene expression (mRNA and protein).
Why are they diff?
Diff signals from diff parts of embryo or diff. determinants inherited during cell division
Lecture 25:
Signals form one set of cells can change differentiation of adjacent cells example
Dorsal mesoderm from amphibians signals to dorsal ectoderm to make neural tube. cells incorporated into host by induction
Cytoplasmic determinant
molecule inherited from one parent cell by only one daughter cell, makes that cell diff.
Example of cytoplasmic determinant ***
gray crescent in frog embryo. if daughter cell inherits gray crescent, they are normal. if they do not, they only develop belly tissue.
What is a cytoplasmic determinant? ***
Not known yet. Proteins or mRNA
Cytoplasmic determinants vs. cell-cell signaling
most embryos use both
potency ***
can make more than one cell type
Early in development, most cells are.. ***
pluripotent-can make several cell types. ex. stem cells
Later in development,
most cells lose potency, and become determined as a specific cell type
But we retain some stem cells
undetermined cells capable of forming a wide range of tissues in response to signaling
growth ***
change in cell size
proliferation ***
increase in cell number
Synthesis or S phase
DNA replication
Mitotic or M phase
Gap 1 (G1)
period between M and S phases
Gap 2 (G2)
period between S and M phases
Cell cycle checkpoints
control proliferation. 3 big checkpoints
G1 checkpoint ***
cell large enough, nutrients, signals? If it fails, it goes to G0.
G2 checkpoint ***
Happy, DNA duplicated
chromosomes attached to cytoskeleton for movement, in anaphase
Example of checkpoint: MPF
complex of two proteins, drives cell through gap checkpoint. spikes at mitosis
The cyclin concentration
Increases as the cell matures
Binds and activates... ***
cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) to create active MPF. allowed to move on to G1
Failure in CDK
can cause cancer. Rb protein normally stops cell cycle at G1
What happens with CDK?
normally inhibits Rb protein. Rb mutation are common. lose inhibitor of checkpoint.
Pro. cell division
circular chromosome. Make a copy of chromosome, divide cell by fission into two daughter cells
eu. chromosomes
linear DNA in a complex of proteins. Different chromosomes contain genes.
What is the order for a cell based on pluri and totipotent? ***
stem to pluripotent to determined
Every cell is totipotent untill... ***
it gets signals from other cells
In gastrulation, cells are
In organogenesis, cells are
T/F. The egg differentiates into 3 germ layers
False, the blastula does
The protein kinase or phosphorylation cascade don't show amp.
The mesoderm forms muscles and internal organs
The cells that got the grey crescent formed dorsal mesoderm
The egg contains yolk and is mobile
F, sperm is mobile
Can Ca2+ diffuse through the membrane>
No, but can be transported
Lecture 26:
Mitosis ***
Daughter cells have same DNA as parent
Meiosis ***
Daughter cells have half the DNA of the parent before fertilization
Sister chromatids
DNA is not joined, proteins are joined. Joined at the centromere=center of the chromosome
Seperate sister chromatids to make seperate chrmomosomes
The center of a chromosome is a ***
A chromatid has ***
one double helix
A chromosome has ***
it depends. 1 helix before replication and 2 helixes after.
Chromatids ***
double stranded. attache into single chromosome at centromeres, ends are telomeres
Microtubules are organized by ***
centrosome with two centrioles
2 sister chromatids together = ***
1 centromere
Mitotic spindle
arranges and moves chromosomes. Some attach to centromeres others attach to nothing
How does the mitotic spindle work?
proteins surrounding centromere, control movement by shortening and sliding using motor proteins
What about the nuclear envelope?
Remains in a few protist and yeast, in most eu. it is lost during mitosis and remade after seperation
What happens in G2?
the centrioles are duplicated
chromosomes condense, spindle forms, nuclear envelope breaks down
Chromosomes line up along metaphase plate
chromatids seperate, move to poles
reform nuclei
The cell cycle
Interphase (G1, S, G2) 90%
Mitotic phase 10%
subdivision of the cytoplasm into two cells
Animal cells form...
cleavage furrow. Requires microfilaments and myosin
Cytokinesis is diff if there is a cell wall
Plants form a new membrane from vesicles fusing in the middle of the cell=cell plate
In meiosis, daughter cells have
half the number of chromosomes (and half as much DNA) as the parent
number of types of chromosomes
haploid (gametes)
Fertilization combines
haploid gametes to make diploid zygote. Meioses converts diploid cells back to haploid gamete
In animals,
mitosis is only in diploid cells
in other organisms,
haploid cells can undergo mitosis to produce more haploi cells, multicellular haploid stages in life cycle
Diploid cells have pairs of
homologous chromosomes (with exception of sex chromosomes). Homologues contain same genes and transcriptions units
Homologues are not ***
copies. Each is inherited by a diff. parent
Lecture 27:
The women have a total of 46 chromosomes. How many homologue pairs do they have? ***
The men have 46 chromosomes. How many homologue pairs do the sperm have? ***
0. They are haploid
How many chromosomes do the sperm have? ***
one of each homologue
two of each homologue, one from sperm and one from egg
Homologues have... ***
same genes, but can have different versions (alleles)
Different alleles of gene have diff...
coding or regulatory DNA. diff. functions.
Mitosis ***
Seperate sister chromatids (copies) for all chromosomes. You seperate homologous chromosomes
Four haploid cells from one diploid cell via two rounds of cell division
Meiosis I ***
Homologous chromosomes seperate, sister chromatids stay together. Replicated into tetrad
Meiosis II ***
Second division to halve the amount of DNA, no DNA replication, sister chromatids are separate
segregation ***
gametes only get one of two possible alleles
Mendel crossed pea plants because
he could control which ones mated with which. used self pollination. and pea plants had heritable differences
the physical traits the individual has
what genetic info the individual can pass on. Can't see.
both alleles of a gene are identical (AA, aa)
One of the two alleles of that gene is diff (Aa)
control the phenotype even if only one homologue has that allele
Control phenotype only if both homologues have that allele
Mendels law of segregation ***
The two alleles in the parent segregate from each other during formation of gametes
Lecture 28:
Segregation of alleles during meisosis
homologues go to different cells. They get different versions of the gene.
Dihybird cross
assume that the two genes are on different (non-homologous) chromosomes.
Independent assortment ***
of non homologous chromosomes. have four different combinations in gametes
How many probabilities are there for one type of chromosome?
Two chomosomes?
2 x 2=4
2 x 2 x 2= 8
if n=
number of homologue pairs being considered
with peas
round and yellow are dominant
How do you determine which trait is dominant?
mate homozygotes
Heterozygotic (RrYy) genes on non homologous chromosomes: After replication, metaphase Meiosis I:
These are sister chromatids and need to have the same version of the allele
For punnet squares
put all four combos on top and sides. they need to be on seperate chromosomes
one complication with mendelian inheritance
what if a gene is on a sex chromosome (sex linked)
Autosomes ***
not sex chromosomes
sex chromosomes ***
not paired, non homologous. In human, the X is larger and the Y is smaller. XX female, XY male
sex linked
genes on sex chromosomes. no versions of x linked gene on y chromosome, vice versa
This is why
males are more likely to get a disease that is carried on the x chromosome because they don't have another x chromosome (like females) to help it out.
X linked diseases in humans ***
320. hemophilia, color and night blindness, muscular dystrophy, high blood pressure
not sex linked, but sex influenced
Barr bodies ***
inactive/condensed X chromosomes. become inactive at blastula stage. Random X chromosome inactivation blocks transcription and creates genetic mosaic.
Lecture 29:
Incomplete dominance:
Heterozygote has phenotype that is intermediate between that of homozygotes. neither are dominant. Ex: pink flowers
different alleles give different dominant traits. Get both traits. EX: blood groups-diff carbs on blood cells
Blood example
A can't get B or AB, but can get O
Things can get complicated when...
different genes control the same phenotype. EX: mouse coat color is controlled by B and C, c wins over b
What is two genes are on the same chromosome?
lots of genes on chromosomes, physically linked to each other. Thomas Hunt Morgan
b+, b
b+ is normal, wild type dominant
b is recessive mutant
If genes are on the same chromosome..
show heterozygotes
b vg
Crossing over
recombines parts of homologous chromosomes. Meiosis I=tetrad from prophase and metaphase
different arms can recombine here. adds more variability to offspring
Male flies
can't do crossing over
Frequency of crossing over is determined by...
distance between genes
Between adjacent genes,
crossing over rarely occurs
Between distant genes,
crossing commonly occurs
Distance in centimorgans
% of offspring with non parental genotype
errors in chromosome assortment during meiosis
Genes in mitochondria and chloroplasts
sperm do not donate organelles, so purely inherited maternally
reversible change in gene expression (transcription) passed on to offspring
self replicating protein shape. Some shapes cause disease, others don't
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The Moscow Exchange Announces Start Of Precious Metals Trading Project
On June 26 the project "Precious metals market at the Moscow Exchange" was presented to the credit organizations, members of the Moscow Exchange's FX market, that have licenses to trade precious metals.
It is expected that the Exchange will launch trading in gold and silver with prices in rubles per gram and TOM settlement as well as swaps with maturity of TODTOM, TOMSPOT, 1w, 1M and 6M by the end of 2013.
Trades will be settled in Russian rubles. Trading hours will be from 10:00 through 23:50 MSK. Trading participants will utilize the risk management system of the FX market. Trading positions will be consolidated with the FX instruments for clearing purpose and existing settlement accounts may be used. NCC, the clearing arm of the Moscow Exchange Group, will ensure settlement of trades.
Credit organizations and brokerage firms will be the market trading members providing the access to the market to their clients, private investors, as well as precious metals producers and consumers.
With this new marketplace private investors will enjoy a new instrument serving as an alternative to OTC trading with impersonal metal accounts and offering minimum spreads and short selling opportunities. Banks will reduce costs associated with joining the precious market and be able to use the exchange infrastructure to make proprietary and client operations. In addition, credit organizations will obtain an additional way to refinance with the Bank of Russia and on the interbank market. Brokerage firms will be admitted to the market which was previously unavailable for them thus getting an opportunity to create products for clients using new instruments. Metals producers and consumers will be able to hedge against price risk through the exchange-traded instruments.


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Fundraising Site Set Up For Beaver Co. Firefighter Training Facility
February 26, 2014 6:30 AM
Authorities in Beaver County are trying to raise money for a new firefighter training facility.
The facility would help dozens of firefighters across the county get better training.
They've set up a fundraising site under Go Fund Me.
If you'd like to donate, click here.


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Update (April 30, 2:00pm): This offer has been extended for bookings through May 2.
Escape to Cancun with this six-night all-inclusive beach vacation for $599 per person that even includes free golf. This deal is exclusively from CheapCaribbean.com and includes roundtrip airfare. That's a savings of up to $300 off regular rates.
Plus, kids 12 and under stay and eat free. This price is valid for departures in May. Depart in June for $100 more.
For less than $100 per day, this complete vacation includes:
The Oasis resorts are all beachfront properties with large swimming pools and a lively, energetic scene. Guests also have exchange privileges at the other Oasis resorts with the ability to sample the multiple restaurants, bars and facilities at each hotel (transportation between resorts is not included).
Depart from the following cities:
Book by April 30: Click here for more information and to book online. Or, call 800-915-2322 and mention Travelzoo. Promo code OASIS100 must be used to receive this sale price.
Note: Air taxes and fees are additional. Transfers are optional and are added to the final price online.
Please go to your email and confirm your subscription.


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Call (323) 798-1681 or email us at email@example.com for more information and how to book any of these special offers.Advanced booking only and payment is required at least two weeks prior to visit.
Special rate is currently offered all year round during operational hours.
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Out of the Blogosphere
by Bob Sassone, posted Mar 7th 2007 2:44PM
- Hey, if Heather Mills can go on Dancing With The Stars with a fake leg, then how about Marlee Matlin or maybe the one-armed drummer from Def Leppard?
- Will Brothers & Sisters star Calista Flockhart star in the next Indiana Jones pic with boyfriend Harrison Ford?
- Katie Couric says she doesn't obsess over ratings (though I wonder if her CBS bosses do).
- MTV plans to build thousands of websites around the world, and all of them will feature video of The Real World/Road Rules Challenge playing nonstop.
- A man falls asleep in the Mary Tyler Moore Show house in Minneapolis.
- Are the American Idol judges clueless when it comes to music?
- And finally, video of Lucy Lawless as Stevie Nicks, promoting her fajita-themed restaurant.


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The Blog
2012 GOP Field on Egypt
3:14 PM, Feb 2, 2011 • By JOHN MCCORMACK
Politico reports on the varied responses from the GOP presidential field to the protests in Egypt.
Mitt Romney has taken a strongly pro-democracy line:
Tim Pawlenty said of the Mubarak regime:
Mitch Daniels said he has nothing to say:
Newt Gingrich said he would channel Ronald Reagan:
Mike Huckabee seemed opposed to U.S. opposition to Mubarak:
Politico also gets reactions from some dark horse candidates and notes that other potential candidates didn't respond to requests for comment.
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Posted by OlsonicCreations
I don't think he's a diver, no one on this B's team is.
He is, however, the biggest whiner I've ever seen wear a B's jersey. More often than not, whenever something happens, you can count on Savard looking for the ref with him palm to the roof.
The rest of it describes most hockey players at some point in their careers, except Bergeron, Neely and Luc Robitaille.


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'Squeezy' pension video viewed 20,000 times
November 28, 2012
The Associated Press
Officials say Gov. Pat Quinn's online pension reform campaign with its cartoon snake mascot has attracted more than 28,000 unique visitors.
He launched the website this month, billing it as a way to rally the public around a pension overhaul since lawmakers haven't come up with a plan.
The site has been criticized for its lighthearted approach, including images of the orange serpent, "Squeezy the Pension Python." The Democrat's office says a video with the cartoon has been viewed 20,000 times.
The campaign involves Facebook and Twitter pages.
On Tuesday, Quinn unveiled a video with educator Salman Khan. He runs a nonprofit academy and has developed thousands of online tutorials.
Illinois has the nation's worst pension problem with a more than $85 billion funding gap.
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Dolph Ziggler injury
To help further sell Sheamus as a heel, WWE has announced that Dolph Ziggler is unable to compete on Smackdown this week. He is not actually injured. It will be interesting to see just how far the front office takes the story. There are no live events planned for this upcoming weekend, as the performers are being given a little bit of rest before taking off for a tour of Europe. Ziggler is expected to be on Monday Night Raw this week.
April 2, 2015


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Product Description
This is a Guided Meditation to accompany restorative yoga practice. Yoga Nidra inspires the release of physical stress, anxiety and mental tension: an essential companion for achieving core relaxation and subtle transformation!
Yoga Nidra inspires the release of physical stress, anxiety and mental tension: an essential companion for achieving core relaxation and subtle transformation!
Suggested Retail Price: $16.98
Download on iTunes
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This is a Guided Meditation to accompany restorative yoga practice. Yoga Nidra inspires the release of physical stress, anxiety and mental tension: an essential companion for achieving core relaxation and subtle transformation!
Terry Oldfield & Soraya Saraswati
|Total Time:
"Slanted more toward practitioners of healing arts to use in practice, this finds Oldfield going PBS in a guided meditation set that can be listening matter for the real granola eaters but seems more like it's tilted toward 'industrial' use. And for all you lapsed Jews out there, this has nothing to do with Kol Nidra so don't go thinking you can multi-task your way into heaven just by playing this and meditating while you pray over the high holidays. Something here doesn't make sense, but this record does for those seekers looking more a musical journey to help them go deep."
"Yoga Nidra is also known as "yoga sleep." It is a practice where one descends into a highly focused, relaxed state; you are awake, but experience lucid dreaming. The recording, which features the gentle narration of Soraya Saraswati and the subtle, mellifluous flute music of Terry Oldfield, offers three different levels of Yoga Nidra practice—10, 20, and 30 minute sessions. Saraswati's voice is soft and caressing, with clear diction and a comforting lilt. Oldfield's backing music is light enough that it in no way interferes with the session, but provides a quiet Asian-inspired backdrop to help you remain calm. Regular practice can be beneficial for dealing with stress and tension, overcoming anxiety and learning to live feeling joyful and free."
"Literally translating to "yogic sleep," Yoga Nidra focuses on relaxation and guided imagery to create a sense of deep rest and peace. It's a perfect path for acclaimed U.K. flautist Terry Oldfield and his wife, yoga instructor and holistic health practitioner Soraya Saraswati. The Australian-born Saraswati spent eight years in an ashram before leaving to continue to pursue spiritual health practice and instruction, eventually joining Oldfield in a merging of love, healing, and music, and their collaboration on Yoga Nidra is infused with their universal love. With Oldfield's flute providing minimal but highly effective accompaniment to Saraswati's gentle, powerful, and easy-to-follow yoga breathing and visualization instruction, it's as if they embody some astral set of parents soothing the tired, stressed world below them into a lulling afternoon trance.
Divided into three tracks of varying lengths, Saraswati knows how to not stress out her listeners with too much instruction, preferring to get us centered and then give us a series of comforting images that work like symbolic poetry to soothe the deeper regions of the soul, with Saraswati's pleasant Aussie accent and intentionally slow, drowsy pronunciation ably lulling listeners into a contented alpha-wave flow. Oldfield's flute comes in gently when Saraswati mentions, "If you are working with an affirmation, repeat it now silently three times." Even if you didn't think you were working with one, now might be a good time to bring one up. Whatever you manifest in that state is likely to occur.
In the second and third tracks Oldfield stretches out in some emotional, neo-classical directions, while Saraswati notes, "You are the witness, observing any spontaneous patterns." She gently helps us activate the screen of the mind (chidakasha) with a string of images: "Smiling Buddha…pink lotus on a still lake, temple bells ringing…burning candle…coconut palms, wind in the trees." When you follow along, this series of details accrues to create a sense of peace you can feel in your core of cores. Even if 10, 20, or 30 minutes is all you have to bring, Yoga Nidra is there for you. Like a patient set of cosmic parents, Oldfield's soothing music and Saraswati's loving guidance will make sure to get you back to your inner home and help you emerge replenished, soothed, and ready for whatever surprises life may bring."


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The big challenge of trekking in the Himalaya compared to the other locations we visit is that the treks are generally much longer. And even with rest days, 12 days of walking puts a lot of pressure on the body.
On most ascent days the amount of hiking you can do will be limited by the speed at which you can ascend safely and this often means no more than 5-7 hours trekking. Days descending tend to be longer in terms of miles but of course by this stage you should be getting much stronger anyway.
So, with the exception of the peak climbs we operate, you do not need exceptional aerobic fitness to trek enjoyably in the Himalaya. You do need stamina and determination and be used to being on your feet for days at a time.
Whichever route you choose to trek in the Himalaya the views are stunning and the whole experience is amazing so deciding between them is tough. For the base camp trek though we have two favourites: the route via Gokyo Lakes that avoids most of the crowds on the classic route and the Island Peak extension for the ambitious trekker looking to bag a real Himalayan summit.
If you are really short on time our heli-trek is a great option, you hike up to basecamp but then catch a helicopter back. It's a bit expensive for 2 people but not bad at all for 4.
In the west of Nepal the Annapurna region has some of the best trekking in Nepal and we love both the Annapurna circuit and the Manaslu circuit.
Nepal catches the Indian Monsoon and this makes it impossible to trek in the Khumbu region for the period from June to August. The autumn and spring shoulders are lovely with generally warm and dry weather. Winter months are still OK for trekking but you really need your thermals when you reach higher altitudes.
During the Monsoon season it is still great to trek the Annapurna circuit and the Manaslu circuit as most of the routes here are in a rain shadow and receive a lot less rainfall.
You need to fly into Kathmandu international airport which is actually called Tribhuvan International Airport (KTM). There are direct flights to KTM from Istanbul, Osaka, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Singapore, Bangkok, Delhi, Dubai, Bombay, Doha and Calcutta.
For Europeans and Americans the best options are via the Middle East hubs of Dubai and Doha or through Hong Kong, Bangkok, Singapore or Delhi.
The cost of trekking in Nepal depends mainly on the number of days you want to trek for, how technical the route is and whether you want to join an open trek or arrange a private custom trek. Our open treks to Everest start from £849.
If you want to trek to Everest or elsewhere in the Khumbu region then the critical issue in planning when to trek is the monsoon period which runs from June to August.
The period around Christmas is cold but with good thermals this can be a great time to trek as the trails are much quieter. We do not however run peak climbs during this period as by the time you reach 6000m it is really, really cold.
During the monsoon period there is still great trekking in the Western mountains around Annapurna, Mustang and Manaslu as these largely lie in a rain shadow. However, you need to be ready for serious rain: generally this is confined to shorter storms in the afternoon.
Why trek in the Himalaya with Private Expeditions?
The Lakes Seven trek to Base Camp via Gokyo
The final group trek photo for the Lakes Seven.Read More
Pimba is climbing Kilimanjaro! Come and join him and talk MT Everest!
We are giving you the chance to climb the highest freestanding mountain...Read More
Meet Private Expedition's Double Mt Everest Summiter Pimba
Choosing the winning lottery numbers.Read More
Namaste to Christine and Paul who take on Himalaya with Guide Dawa!
There are worse places to sit!Read More
Choose from our three Himalaya trekking styles: private treks, open group treks and charity challenges. Whichever you choose our experienced team will help you enjoy your adventure.
Private treks are your own custom adventure, giving you all the flexibility you want. Just choose your date, route and any of our tailor-made options and we'll do the rest. And when you are on the trek, if you want to change your daily itinerary you can just agree this with your guide as you go along. Private trips provide the ultimate experience for trekking in Nepal.
A private trek is perfect for a group of friends or a charity group or a couple looking to celebrate a special birthday or anniversary. Upgrades to private treks start from £100 per person depending on the size of the group.
If you want the company of others on your trek then one of our small open groups is perfect for you. Our open group treks run most weeks during the main trekking season. They are limited to a maximum of 12 trekkers and we work with a high guide to client ratio to make sure you get the best possible experience. You can see the availability we have on our open groups treks here.
If you are looking to trek to base camp for your favourite charity we an either arrange a private, tailor made trek for you and your friends or you can join an open group. In either case we will provide all the support you need to ensure your charity challenge is a success.
In order to help find the best route for you we have separated the treks we offer into three groups.
Everest base camp treks: this covers all the treks in the Khumbu region including the Classic Everest trek, Everest via Gokyo Lakes, Island Peak and Everest Panorama. You can find more detailed information about all of these by following the links.
Annapurna region treks: this covers the Annapurna circuit, Annapurna base camp and the Annapurna Panorama, visiting Ghoropani and Poon Hill.
Other regions: this includes the Manaslu trek, Langtang trek and the Mera Peak climb.
If there are any other routes in which you are interested please do let us know as we are able to operate private treks and climbs everywhere in Nepal.


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As of Monday, July 28, 2014
© Copyright 2015 Newton Citizen
If you're a church person, you know that the group of people known as the Pharisees get a bad rap in Scripture. The Pharisees were groups (seven different styles to be exact) of very religious people who lived during the time of Jesus.
Pharisaical Judaism began its development during the time of the Babylonian captivity (beginning around 586 B.C.). Away from Jerusalem with no temple to offer sacrifices, the Jewish people began to develop ways around the direct requirements of the Law of Moses so that they could practice their religion.
Jacob Neusner, in a book entitled "An Invitation to the Talmud," states that with the development of the oral traditions, the Jews succeeded in "removing themselves from history" so that, where ever they found themselves, they could continue the practice of the Jewish faith.
One example of what these oral traditions did involves the sacrifice. Without the temple, there was no way to sacrifice and therefore no way to absolve sin. The Rabbis answered this need by calling the dinner table the altar and the evening meal the sacrifice.
They were thus symbolically fulfilling the requirements of the law in a place where the actual sacrifice had become impossible.
In short, they were erecting protective fences around the Law to keep people from transgressing. But in the process, the traditions became more important than the Law, and like many today, most devout Jews who read and studied the traditions, gave lip service to the Torah — the book of the Law — but few actually read it.
The result is, the traditions became so heavy and burdensome that no one could possibly master it. Yet the more burdensome and complex it became, the more zealously the Jewish legalists revered and propagated it.
That is why Jesus accused them, "They crush people with unbearable religious demands and never lift a finger to ease the burden." (Matthew 23:4, NLT) and then says, "You have a fine way of setting aside the commands of God in order to observe your own traditions!" (Mark 7:9, NIV84).
When we view the Pharisees as the antagonists of the New Testament (which they were), we forget that they didn't become that way by trying to be evil; they became that way precisely because they were trying to do good. In fact, they were the cleanest, most outwardly righteous people of their day.
In order to get that way and stay that way, they developed an elaborate system of rules and regulations that ended up separating them from the relationship they were supposed to have with God. The result being, when He showed up in the person of Christ, they killed Him because He threatened their traditions.
It is easy for us Christians to become very judgmental of this group. In fact, the sad history of the early church beginning near the end of the second century is full of examples of anti-Semitism because of this very thing.
In the fourth century, St. Augustine developed his theology of end times based, not so much on Scripture, but the anti-Semitic allegorical interpretations of one of the early church fathers, Origen.
Before we land too hard on the group of Pharisees, we need to stop and consider that in many cases we in the Christian church are just like them. Throughout the centuries of our existence, we have at times venerated tradition over truth.
Here's a quick test to help you determine whether your focus is more on traditions than it is on truth, more on religious rituals than a living relationship. If you ever find yourself opposing some new idea in your church with the words, "We've never done it that way before," your focus is on religious ritual rather than relevant relationships.
Here's what I know about us Christians: we are not against culture, we just want to live in a past culture and that is precisely the thing that keeps us from impacting our current culture. The Pharisee in us blinds us to the needs around us.
Dr. John Pearrell is pastor of Gateway Community Church in Covington. For more information, visit the Gateway website at www.gatewaycommunity.org or email email@example.com.
More like this story
- JOHN PEARRELL: People make Christianity more complicated with rules, demands ( March 10, 2014 )
- JOHN PEARRELL: The Bible should serve as the authority on God ( August 30, 2012 )
- JOHN PEARRELL: Relationships, not man-made guidelines, should define Christianity ( February 18, 2014 )
- JOHN PEARRELL: Jesus commissioned us to welcome all to church ( August 9, 2013 )
- JOHN PEARRELL: Follow Jesus' example by accepting everyone into your church ( April 16, 2013 )


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Just gained access to my groupwise e-mail this week for my new employment and want to grant proxy rights to this groupwise e-mail so it comes to a gmail account. I have done all the necessary steps on the gmail end; however, cannot find how to do this with groupwise. (For example, I can create a rule to forward all messages from groupwise to gmail, but then when I reply to these messages I reply to myself in groupwise and not to the original sender). So far, all I see is the ability to grant proxy access to another groupwise e-mail account within the office. What am I missing?
My technical support at the office is closed until Monday and would love to solve this as I am heading out this weekend and want to have one less thing to deal with next week.