text:
We'll respond shortly.
Note: attr_readonly was either buggy or not exposed prior to 1.2.3. If you are using a version of rails prior to 1.2.3 you can do this instead:
def attributes_with_quotes(include_primary_key = true)
attributes.inject({}) do |quoted, (name, value)|
if column = column_for_attribute(name)
# original:
# quoted[name] = quote_value(value, column) unless !include_primary_key && column.primary
quoted[name] = quote_value(value, column) unless !include_primary_key &&
(column.primary || ["your_attributes", "listed_here"].include?(column.name))
We used something like #2 on a current project. But because the legacy database was in active use on a live site and was only periodically ported over to the new app and the schema of the app was evolving we decided to create an extra stream of migrations for the legacy import using this: http://pastie.textmate.org/194714
I had to migrate a M$SQL DB to a MySQL DB about a year ago. Not finding a suitable driver for M$SQL at the time for AR, I did the following:
1. Wrote an ETL process in Java that dumped date from M$SQL into a MySQL tmp schema, preserving the current schema structure.
2. Exported the current data into yml, doing all the transformations I wanted at this point.
3. The DB was small enough that I actually didn't dump out to yml files but held the info in memory. Using key_list and value_list from fixtures.rb (I had to slightly adapt them) I wrote a small method to execute insert statements (assume objects is your yml hash). I ran into some trouble trying to import directly with yml but honestly cannot remember what it was.
objects.each {|key, value|
ActiveRecord::Base.connection.execute "INSERT INTO #{table_name} (#{key_list(value)}) VALUES (#{value_list(value)})"
Hope it helps,


text:
Mrs. Flinger: A work in progress
Fixing Mrs. Flinger Feb 20, 2015
I'm currently working on this website. I want to add back the links to blogs I love, some ways to find content easier, and put in archive, at last, some of the ancient articles. Come back to see updates.
When your child sleeps Jun 25, 2005I am currently sitting in the back of our SUV with the doors open in our driveway working. The child fell asleep just as we were coming home and is so out of it, she didn't move when we got out the groceries, the stroller, the dogs. In fact, she's so peacefull, we left her. Mr. Flinger says, "How come they don't make carriers for big kids." Well, ya see, 'cause Moms don't want t haul around 5 year olds in a carrier to and from the car. Instead, they'd rather sit in the back enjoying some sun and blogging. Amen for the convertable car seat. Guess I can't do laundry from here, hu. Read more
It's Friday? WTF? Jun 24, 2005MIL left today about noon. I woke up at 11am this morning for the first actual sleep I've had in 6 days. Aside from sweating, tossing and turning, not breathing, puking and not being able to eat, the last week is a blur. I was finally given antibiotics on Wednesday night after going back to the doctor. I have had Strep Throat. Strep is not a terminal illness, but I swear, I was dying. I'm 36 hours into antibiotics and while my throat still holds on to some of the pussy legions (groooossss), there are a lot less of them, I can (almost) swallow and I feel like dancing. Kinda. I'm busy, y'all. BUSY. I got another class to teach this August, I have a few designs and I'm scrounging up my past work (which sucks.. woah.. I didn't realize how much... Read more
Is there onion in my carrot cake or am I pregnant? Jun 22, 2005
#Rants and Raves#got pee sticks?Did I tell you that when I was pregnant, everything smelled like onion? My friend's shampoo was onion. My husband seeped onion into our room at night while he breathed and I'd come in from the bathroom and gag from the smell. The dish soap was onion. The laundry, fresh out of the dryer, smelled like onion. I gagged from all the onion smell all the time. I grew to hate onions. I still cant eat them. Read more

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Connect with BLM Wyoming
> NHTIC Announces "Wyoming: Wild and Wooly" > NHTIC Announces Temporary Exhibit titled: Now & Then
> Discover Your Way West > One of the Best Kept Secrets
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Corn Husk Doll Instructions
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Questions on planning your visit? Please call 307-261-7780 to verify specific dates and times.
Trails Center | 1501 North Poplar Street | Casper, WY 82601
307-261-7700 | Fax: 307-261-7798


text:
New Cummers Nickie and Nina Lane are twin sisters who auditioned just for kicks and got into porn when they proved to be the kind of kinky kissing sisters who would swap spit and swap cock. Then, after we shot this scene, a week later Nickie changed her stage name to Sadie Sable. At first, I wasn't buying the whole twin sisters thing, but they claim to be fraternal twins and even though they don't look alike, they do have identical pussies. They both have perfectly shaved little coin slots with puffy, peek-a-boo lips that hide what's deep inside. Nicki and Nina take turns riding Chris' face and sucking his cock while they try to prove which sister is the better cock sucker. It's always a competition, but they both win when he gives them milk mustaches and a sticky load on their tongues.
18 U.S.C. 2257 Record-Keeping Requirement Compliance Statement
© HotWhoresXXX.com


text:
Brand Swiss Legend
Style 20434-RG-02MOP
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Catholics are having mixed emotions about the news of Pope Benedict XVI's resignation as Bishop John Noonan of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Orlando makes a public announcement Monday morning.?
85-year-old Pope Benedict XVI or Joseph Ratzinger will step down at the end of the month. In a letter, Benedict cites his strength has deteriorated.
"This announcement is one of great humility and courage. He has always been a model to older persons since being elected the Supreme Pontiff at the age of 78," said Bishop Noonan. "Today at the age of 85, he is showing us the Light of Christ, who he is. In humility and courage, he is announcing it's time for him to step down."
It's the first time a pope has resigned in nearly 600 years.
"We are blessed to have the grace of Pope Benedict XVI as a priest and shepherd of the Catholic Church," Bishop Noonan said.
"He's done an excellent job, he's been a great Pope," Melvin Marshalek said. "I don't know why he'd been resigning."
"I'm very disheartened to hear that he's not going to be able to continue on," Julie Schneider said.
Others say Benedict's announcement is just fitting, as the church marks the World Day of the Sick.
"I would be concerned about his health, might be his health more so than his age," Larraine Farrell told Local 6.
Overall, people were most concerned about his health, because they believe the future of the church will be in good hands.
"I was a little shocked, but I'm also scared that he's also got something very seriously wrong with him," another churchgoer told Local 6.


text:
CM3 Isn't a One-Trick Pony
A few things about the game before getting into CM3 Beast Mode…. I'm not a dude, but ow. That nuts kick to Lang should result in a suspension for Robinson for the next game. However, I won't hold my breath and think... read more »


text:
- Musician's Friend Best Selection, Price & Service. Guaranteed.
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at: 800-449-9128
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Yarnwound marimba mallets from the highest grade yarn for richness and clarity.
Black Birch Handles are a light weight, extremely strong, durable material that supplies a firmer feel. Because of the diminished flexibility especially on long length models, Birch Handles have become the standard choice for today's marimba artists. Yarn Wound Marimba Mallets are made with the highest grade yarn ensuring excellent quality. An ideal weight for general marimba playing.
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Comments about Mike Balter Ensemble Series Black Birch Marimba Mallets:
These were purchased for my daughter, an incoming freshman mallet percussion college student. She didn't give much direction for the purchase, and the folks here helped me choose which hardness to purchase. I chose the black sticks because they were going to be used in concert rather than marching band performances. Haven't heard any complaints thus far, and am hoping she'll tell me in more detail for future purchases.
Comments about Mike Balter Ensemble Series Black Birch Marimba Mallets:
The yarn begins to unravel after little use. Beware these pricey demons.
Our product catalog varies by country due to manufacturer restrictions. If you change the Ship-To country, some or all of the items in your cart may not ship to the new destination.


text:
I fragged the infected mastermind a couple of times but i didn't receive any award until now
I fragged the infected mastermind a couple of times but i didn't receive any award until now
Hello! I think i earned Dayly Dose award, but it not appears in my profile... Can you check my data and fix this glitch?
Hi. I should have earned the Daily Dose award, can you check it for me?
Meu ping quando estou jogando almeta de 200 para 999 o ping nao consigo jogar me ajuda provedor .
I've just checked someones profile and seen that they have achievements that I should also have, but haven't; Winning Harvester without dying, collecting more than 3 skulls at once, and a few others. I wouldn't have known the achievements even existed until I saw someone else with them...
Any idea?
I just noticed that I don't have the Jet Setter award despite having earned Veteran waaaay back in 10/19/2011. That can't be right, can it? Or am I missing something?
:< mine too
Same problem here with the daily dose award not showing up...I'm at 30 days so far, have met all requirements, but no award.


text:
It's a good idea to keep your bookmarks organized so that you can more easily find the webpages that you're looking for.
You can change the name or web address of a bookmark.
Tags help you categorize your bookmarks so that you can find them more quickly. For example, you might want to tag all of your news-related bookmarks with "News", or your favorite blogs with "Blog".


text:
SIIG's DP CyberSerial Dual PCIe is a superior adapter card designed to provide you with two additional 9-pin serial ports to your current PCI Express-enabled desktop computer. This 2-port serial PCIe adapter card comes with two high-speed serial ports supporting asynchronous baud rates of up to 15 Mb/s. Its built-in 128-byte FIFO buffers dramatically increase data transmit and receive speeds especially under Windows multitasking environment. The serial ports can work as either standard RS232 ports, or can be configured as 5V/12V power outputs for devices that require power such as handheld scanners, table scanners, POS displays, and many more.
The DP CyberSerial Dual PCIe works with PCI Express slot with different lane widths and can be installed in low profile desktop systems with the included spare enhanced low profile bracket. It is fully compatible with a wide variety of Windows operating systems and is backed by SIIG's limited 5-year warranty.


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text:
President's Report
Shippensburg University1871 Old Main DriveShippensburg, PA firstname.lastname@example.com
Monday-Friday8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m.
Visit Us
Luhrs Performing Arts Center
Facilities Management and Planning
These minutes are available in Adobe Acrobat format. You can download Acrobat free from Adobe's website. PDFs will open in a new window. Close the window to return to this page.
This page is an official publication of Shippensburg University: A member of the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education.
Shippensburg University - 1871 Old Main Drive - Shippensburg, PA 17257 - (717) 477-7447
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text:
A Walk on the BeachA Walk on the Beach represents all of thosewonderful little treasures that are collected duringa leisurely morning stroll on the beach. Thiselegant design features a collection of seashellsof various shapes and sizes and is accented withdelicate sea horses. Bring home your favoritebeach creatures without the aroma! Dimensions: 17" length, 141⁄2" width, 21" height
Filtration Each Ocean Treasures Collection® aquarium utilizes the latest technology in water filtration design and is equipped to function in a fresh water or salt water environment. The advanced 90 gph silent submersible filtration system effectively replicates the natural processes of waste removal with built in mechanical, chemical and biological capabilities, ensuring optimal water quality in your aquarium. Complete with a venturi valve to adjust the oxygen output and a rotating return for regulating surface agitation, the filter also allows you to control the direction and rate of the water flow. Convenient filtration media cartridges are ready to use and can be changed in seconds. All components are fully removable for easy access and cleaning procedures. The filter pads and carbon cartridges are standardized items and can be purchased at most aquarium retailers.
Like any artistic masterpiece, lighting is an imperative component to enhancing true beauty. From enhancing the colors of the detailed coral reef sculpture to accentuating the innate vibrant hues of each living species, lighting plays an integral role in creating a mood. The lighting used in all of our Ocean Treasures Collection® aquariums is a custom UL rated lighting fixture with a brilliant 10 watt self ballasted, 6500K fluorescent bulb. Positioned and mounted above the reef to avoid obstruction and shading, the compact system evenly deflects light throughout the tank.
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text:
About 150 harmonised standards provide presumption of conformity for electromagnetic compatibility Publié le: 25/10/2012, Dernière mise à jour: 09/11/2012
More than 150 harmonised standards provide solutions for compliance and confer a presumption of conformity with the relevant essential health and safety requirements of the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) directive.
A new consolidated list of references of harmonised standards under the electromagnetic compatibility directive 2004/108/EC was published in the Official Journal C 321 of 23 October 2012.
These European standards provide solutions for compliance and presumption of conformity with the essential health and safety requirements of the electromagnetic compatibility directive that they cover.
However, the use of harmonised standards remains voluntary and manufacturers can choose whether or not to follow a harmonised standard to manufacture their products. Manufacturers may thus use other technical solutions providing for an equivalent level of safety. In that case, they must be able to prove that their products are in conformity with the mandatory essential health and safety requirements, taking due account of the state of the art.
More information on the EMC directive


text:
Huntsman Scholars Program, BUS 309
Huntsman Scholars Program, BUS 309
Mailing Address:
Utah State University
Huntsman Scholar Program
3505 Old Main Hill
Logan, Utah 84322–3505
Location: Business 309
Fax: 435.797.2399
Email: email@example.com
Ph. D., Production & Operations Management, Michigan State University
Minor: Information Systems, Statistics
MBA, Finance, Decision Science, Indiana University
BS, Management Sciences, London School of Economics & Political Science, University of London, U.K
More Than 100 Students Travel to Six Countries on Global Learning Experiences in Spring 2013 (The Huntsman Post - April 2013)
Huntsman Professors Have Written Some Books You Should Know About (Huntsman Alumni Magazine - Fall 2012)
My Favorite Professor (Huntsman Alumni Magazine - Spring 2010)
Vijay Kannan Tells About Scary Night in Vietnam (The Huntsman Post - October 2012)
Vijay R. Kannan is Professor of Operations Management and Executive Director of International Programs in the Jon M. Huntsman School of Business, Utah State University. Professor Kannan received his BSc. from the London School of Economics and Political Science, MBA from Indiana University, and Ph.D. from Michigan State University. Prior to joining the faculty at Utah State University, Professor Kannan served on the faculty of the College of Business, James Madison University and as an instructor in the Eli Broad College of Business, Michigan State University. He has been a visiting professor at the Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow, where he was a Fulbright Scholar, National Economics University, Hanoi, Vietnam, and University of Science and Technology, Lille, France. In addition to his teaching experience, he has worked for the Greater London Council (UK), the Office of the Dean of Academic Computing, Indiana University, and as an examiner for the Shingo Prize for Operational Excellence.
Professor Kannan teaches undergraduate and graduate classes in operations and supply chain management. He has also developed undergraduate and graduate international study programs that have taken students to several countries in Asia and Eastern Europe. He has published more than thirty articles on topics including supply chain management, cellular manufacturing, and manufacturing strategy in journals including Decision Sciences, the International Journal of Operations and Production Management, the Journal of Supply Chain Management, and the Academy of Management Journal of Learning and Education. Professor Kannan is also the editor of two books on International Business and Strategic Management. He is the recipient of several research awards including the Huntsman School of Business Researcher of the Year and Department of Management Researcher of the Year.
Professor Kannan has held several leadership positions with the Decision Sciences Institute, both within its national (DSI) and regional (Western and Southeast DSI) organizations. He has twice served as a Vice President of DSI and is a Past President of Western DSI. He is currently the editor of the Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education, an Associate Editor for Decision Sciences Journal, and an Associate Editor for the Institute for Supply Management's Journal of Supply Chain Management.


text:
I have a modest proposal to resolve the fractious issue of fracking in Colorado. It's a win-win amendment to the Colorado Constitution that will pass in a landslide.
First, let's review. A number of Colorado cities — including Longmont, Boulder, Lafayette and Fort Collins — are appalled by the prospect of oil and gas drilling in their communities and have attempted to either ban it outright or to delay it for years by the imposition of long moratoriums. The bans and moratoriums are imposed either on oil and gas production directly, or on hydraulic fracturing (fracking), the well stimulation process used on 95 percent of the oil and gas wells drilled in the U.S.
While such measures are wildly popular in the towns that passed them, they are also a direct violation of Colorado law, which makes regulation of oil and gas production the exclusive province of state government. So the anti-frackers are expected to propose an amendment to the state constitution next year that would give local governments the power to ban oil and gas production or fracking, or both, within their jurisdictions.
The fight over the putative amendment is likely to be nasty, brutish and crude. And breath-takingly expensive. But both enviros and roughnecks could enthusiastically support the amendment, if it were worded like this:
"Colorado cities and counties shall have the power to regulate or prohibit the production of oil and natural gas and to regulate or prohibit the practice of hydraulic fracturing (fracking) within their borders.
"Upon the adoption of a permanent or temporary prohibition on oil or gas production or fracking by any recognized Colorado city or county, the sale of gasoline, diesel fuel and natural gas within that city or county shall be prohibited for the duration of the ban."
A city like Boulder, for example, would be constitutionally empowered to ban drilling and fracking within its city limits, or to impose moratoriums on them lasting until the end of the next ice age. This would remove the legal cloud hanging over Boulder's recent voter-approved five-year moratorium on oil and gas production. But if Boulder kept its moratorium, residents would have to drive to, say, Weld County to buy gasoline. (They couldn't drive to a gas station outside city limits in unincorporated Boulder County, because Boulder County has its own anti-oil and gas production moratorium in place.)
By the same token, Boulder residents would have to quit heating their homes with natural gas; all-electric heat is the obvious alternative, although wood, old newspapers and dried dung are also possibilities.
The amendment will appeal to anti-frackers and petro-prohibitionists because it gives them everything they've asked for and more.
The real agenda of anti-fracking activists is to ban all oil and gas drilling for environmental reasons. Attacking fracking is just a means to the broader end.
But if it makes sense to reduce the use of oil and natural gas by directly restricting production, it makes just as much sense to reduce the use of oil and natural gas by directly restricting consumption.
Banning the sale of oil and natural gas in Boulder would lead to obvious reductions in demand.
Granted, having to drive to Weld County to get gassed up would require Boulderites to use slightly more gasoline (maybe a gallon or so per refueling), but the hassle, inconvenience and aggravation of having to do so would cause Boulderites to reduce their discretionary driving and to plan their local trips more efficiently to stretch out the time between refueling runs, which would reduce Boulder's overall gasoline consumption.
Still, the aggregate saving in gasoline use would probably amount to little more than a symbolic gesture, but hey, Boulder has never been bashful about practicing symbolic gesture environmentalism.
On the other hand, cutting off the sale of natural gas in Boulder would result in immediate, big-time reduction in natural gas use — a couple billion cubic feet a year, or the combined annual output of dozens of (fracked) Weld County gas wells.
And if Boulder's putative municipal electric company gets its electricity from renewables, then the savings will not be cancelled out by having to generate electricity for heating with natural gas. Which means the amendment would allow Boulder (and like-minded communities) to give a green finger to both global warming and Big Oil.
So the amendment should be wildly popular with anti-frackers and environmentalists generally, who would vote for it in droves.
But would anyone else in Colorado vote for it?
Is T. Boone Pickens an oilman?
Let's face it, when one drives over the top of Davidson Mesa and back into the world of real things, where gasoline is still considered a feature, not a bug, one quickly notices that there are hundreds of thousands of folks in Colorado who see things differently than Boulderites do.
These folks may or may not be impressed by pro-fracking talking points about jobs, energy independence, national security, or the fact that alternative energy still isn't much of an alternative.
But they are most definitely not impressed by "do as I say, not as I do" environmentalists who want to ban oil and gas production while living an oil and gas dependent lifestyle — like the folks in Boulder who own 58,000 cars and trucks and heat 99 percent of their homes and businesses with natural gas. And they'll vote in a heartbeat for an amendment that requires such greenwashed NIMBYs to walk their talk or shut up — because they resent eco-busybodies as much as eco-busybodies resent oil companies.
Resentment — that's the key. At a time when the country is wallowing in the politics of resentment, the amendment allows both sides to vote their resentments by voting "yes."
It can't lose.
Respond: firstname.lastname@example.com
This opinion column does not necessarily reflect the views of Boulder Weekly.
This is another example of how conservatives are bad at humor - a very long rambling joke with an obvious and totally unfunny punchline. Sarcasm is supposed to be funny, otherwise, it's just being dishonest and annoying.
Have you noticed the number of people who bike to school and work in Boulder county? I'm tired of the hypocrit arguement against people who like clean air and water and think zoning rules should maybe apply to all industry - silly silly people I know (see how I did that?). It's tired and not working.
Maybe I'm wrong and this is actuallly a parody of the ridiculous arguments made against the bans. In that case the problem is that it's too good, since I couldn't tell.
When I learned about expository writing I was told to back up statements. Danish does none of that, just blasting through a set of made up assumptions as if they were settled, such as:
"The real agenda of anti-fracking activists is to ban all oil and gas drilling for environmental reasons. Attacking fracking is just a means to the broader end.."
Liberals: all heart, no brain. You all should've been spanked more as kids, too soft for this hardworking country.
Unregulated? The Oil/Gas Industry is one of the most regulated industries you'll find. And please research a little more about a topic before posting something and stop using the conservative or liberal side of things, it really hurts your integrity.
Check out the COGCC, EPA, and fracfocus.org (please pay attention to the ingredients and the concentrations of them and look up the ingredient and do not make assumptions about what it is as I would be more concerned about preservatives and chemicals in my food than fracking), COGCC Rule 205A, and water usage in Colorado.
Co2 levels my have dropped. .but methane levels are up and methane is more potent gh gas than co2..so how is gas cleaner...oh I forgot cause the big gas politician and the EPA turn a blind eye to the devastating effects of what the gas industry is doing!


text:
We live in an increasingly mobile world, with more and more people possessing technology that allows them to use the Internet on the go. Beneficiaries can access their TRICARE benefits and benefit information on their mobile devices through a variety of mobile applications and mobile-optimized sites.
The first mobile tool people should know about is the mobile version of TRICARE.mil, accessible on mobile devices including tablets and smartphones. Simply type www.tricare.mil into a mobile device's browser to get benefit and contact information. Beneficiaries can download educational materials, view episodes of TRICARE TV, listen to podcasts, read TRICARE news, find contact information for different regions and plans, submit benefit questions and access costs, plans, referrals and other information specific to their plan.
Each of the TRICARE regional contractors also has their own mobile site or app. Health Net, the North Region contractor, operates www.hnfs.com/go/mobile, which allows beneficiaries to locate TRICARE-authorized providers and access resources including contact information and information about benefits, claims and eligibility. The South Region contractor, Humana Military, has a mobile site at m.humana-military.com. Humana Military Mobile offers links to a provider locator, a search tool for urgent care centers and eligibility and plan information.
In the West Region, UnitedHealth Military &Veterans has a mobile app for mobile devices called "OptumizeMe." This app encourages healthy lifestyles by letting users challenge other users to health and fitness goals on their smartphones. OptumizeMe lets users track their own progress and post the results to Facebook. Benefciaries can download OptumizeMe from iTunes or the Google Play store.
The TRICARE pharmacy contractor Express Scripts, Inc. (ESI) offers both a mobile site, www.express-scripts.com/mobile, and an app called Express Rx. These allow beneficiaries to get benefit information, start home delivery of their prescriptions, check order status, order prescription refills and find a nearby network pharmacy. They even have information about drugs and potential side effects. Beneficiaries must register with ESI before using the mobile site by going to www.express-scripts.com/activate.
The Defense Manpower Data Center (DMDC) also offers a mobile app (for Android phones) called milConnect Mobile. The app allows beneficiaries to locate identification card-issuing facilities, find contact information for TRICARE regional contractors and review frequently asked questions. Benefciaries can download milConnect Mobile from the Google Play store.
These mobile options make it easier than ever to get the information and access beneficiaries need to take control of their health care options. If beneficiaries can't get the information they need from one of these mobile options, they can always call TRICARE or their contractor. Visit www.tricare.mil/callus for a list of contact numbers.
Last Updated 10/1/2015
Privacy Policy Accessibility/Section 508 Fraud & Abuse FOIA USA.gov
www.tricare.mil is the official website of the Defense Health Agency (DHA) a component of the Military Health System
DHA Address: 7700 Arlington Boulevard, Suite 5101, Falls Church, VA 22042-5101
Need to submit a claim? Send it to the correct claims address.
TRICARE is a registered trademark of the Department of Defense (DoD), DHA. All rights reserved.
The appearance of hyperlinks to external websites does not constitute endorsement by the DHA of these websites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized government activities, the DHA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at other locations. Such links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this DoD website.
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Intravenous Immunoglobulins in Complex-regional Pain Syndrome (PAINLESS)
Recruitment status was Not yet recruiting
- Full Text View
- Tabular View
- No Study Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
The purpose of this study is to determine whether intravenous immunoglobulins are effective in the treatment of complex-regional pain syndrome.
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type 1
Biological: intravenous immunoglobulins
Phase 3
|Study Type:
|Study Design:
|Allocation: Randomized
Endpoint Classification: Efficacy Study
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Double Blind (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Primary Purpose: Treatment
|Official Title:
|Prospective, Double-blind, Randomised, Placebo-controlled, Cross-over Study to Investigate the Effect of Intravenous Immunoglobulins on Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS, M. Sudeck)
- Change in impairment Level SumScore (ISS) [ Time Frame: after 0,3,6,9 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: Yes ]
- Pain disability score [ Time Frame: 0,3,6,9 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
- Quality of life (SF-36) [ Time Frame: 0,3,6,9 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
- Titer of surface-binding neuronal autoantibodies in the serum [ Time Frame: 0,3,6,9 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
- Serum concentration of B-cell activating factors BAFF, APRIL [ Time Frame: 0,3,6,9 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
|Estimated Enrollment:
|Study Start Date:
|August 2009
|Estimated Study Completion Date:
|April 2011
|Estimated Primary Completion Date:
|January 2011 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)
|Assigned Interventions
Active Comparator: Intravenous immunoglobulins (IvIg)
3 x 0.36-0.44g/Kg IvIg every 4 weeks, then 3 months washing out, then 3x NaCl 0.9% every 4 weeks
Biological: intravenous immunoglobulins
0.36-0.44g/Kg IvIg intravenous, 3x, every 4 weeks
Other Name: Gamunex 10%
Placebo Comparator: NaCl 0.9%
NaCl 0.9%, 3x, every 4 weeks, then 3 months washing out, then 0.36-0.44g/Kg IvIg, 3x, every 4 weeks
Biological: intravenous immunoglobulins
0.36-0.44g/Kg IvIg intravenous, 3x, every 4 weeks
Other Name: Gamunex 10%
Detailed Description:
CRPS, a chronic pain syndrome associated with trophic disturbances is a frequent complication after limb trauma. More than one third of the CRPS will continue to chronic disease including loss of function in one limb. Some reports implicate an autoimmune pathogenesis of CRPS. Especially the finding of autoantibodies against peripheral neurons and successful treatment in single cases provide evidence for a possible successful treatment of CRPS with intravenous immunoglobulins (IvIg). Therefore IvIg may be an important anti-inflammatory treatment to prevent severe chronification of CRPS. Since IvIg is mainly effective in B-cell-mediated autoimmune diseases, autoantibodies against autonomic neurons and the concentration of B-cell activating factors BAFF and APRIL will be measured in the course of the study.
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|18 Years to 80 Years
|Genders Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Inclusion Criteria:
- CRPS 1 (according to the IASP criteria) between 6 weeks and 6 months after diagnosis
- skin temperature of the affected side equal or higher than on non-affected side
- no change of the analgetic or co-analgetic medication within the last 10 days
Exclusion Criteria:
- Immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory treatment within the last three months
- CRPS previously treated with sympathetic block, lidocaine patch, local DMSO, spinal cord stimulation, intrathecal drug administration
- Known immune-mediated neuropathy (CIDP, MMN, MADSAM)
- Selective IgA-deficiency
- Severe heart disease
- Tumour disease in the last 5 years
- Allergy against Gamunex 10%
- Chronic renal disease Vaccination with live vaccine within the last three months
- Member of another clinical trial within the last 3 months
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00949065
|Contact: Franz Blaes, MD
|+49-641-99(0) ext 45357
|Contact: Marlene Tschernatsch, MD
|+49-641-99(0) ext 45400
|Hospital of the Justus-Liebig-University
|Not yet recruiting
|Giessen, Hessen, Germany, 35392
|Principal Investigator: Marlene Tschernatsch, MD
|Responsible Party:
|Franz Blaes, MD, Dept. of Neurology, Justus-Liebig-University, Am Steg 14, 35392 Giessen, Germany
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT00949065 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
|Study First Received:
|July 29, 2009
|Last Updated:
|July 29, 2009
|Health Authority:
|Germany: Paul-Ehrlich-Institut
Keywords provided by University of Giessen:
complex regional pain syndrome
sympathetic reflex dystrophy
intravenous immunoglobulins
autoimmune disease
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Complex Regional Pain Syndromes
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy
Somatoform Disorders
Autonomic Nervous System Diseases
Mental Disorders
Nervous System Diseases
Neuromuscular Diseases
Pathologic Processes
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases
Immunoglobulins, Intravenous
Rho(D) Immune Globulin
Immunologic Factors
Pharmacologic Actions
Physiological Effects of Drugs
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on October 09, 2015


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Topic Title: Starting an IET Engineering Peer Review of the ITER Fusion Project
Topic Summary: What are the the engineering objectives of Fusion research at ITER?
Created On: 13 December 2012 01:35 PM
Status: Read Only
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13 December 2012 01:35 PM
Here is a short email exhange to start off the engineering peer review process on its way...emails start from the bottom upwards.
Dear Michel,
Yes it helps me learn more about what is going wrong with the ITER project, but doesn't answer any of my specific questions. Please can you read my questions again and try to point me in the direction of the precise information I am requesting.
So what are the full set of ITER project objectives now? And why can they not be easily found on the ITER website?
In regards to engineering peer review I am particularly interested in plasma instabilities that can arise when using a Tokamak design. I understand that plasma instabilities have formed at the Jet facility, which lift the machine and shake it occasionally. If similar plasma instabilities occur at ITER I understand damage to the facility may occur.
As far as I see it there are two engineering approaches that can be followed to solve this problem:
1. Try and find ways of avoiding plasma instabilities so you can enlarge the Jet Tokamak design. (as far I can see this is the path you are currently following)
2. Try to use and research other magnetic plasma confinement systems that do not exhibit such plasma instabilities.
I am interested in learning more about the scientific peer review process that led you to consider that the Tokamak design was the best way forward in terms of scaling up the plasma volume. Can you tell me which plasma confinement systems you have considered as an engineering alternative to the Tokamak design so that the problem of plasma instabilities can be completely avoided?
As you know Sir David King is a respected biologist. I am quite serious when I say that I would much rather know what mechanical engineers, electrical engineers and physicists have to say on these matters in independent anonymous peer review of the project than what Sir David King has said in public.
I will publish your responses on the Institute of Engineering and Technology (IET) website so that we can begin the process of independently assessing ITER project from an engineering perspective, against other alternative ways of spending European Tax payers money.
If you do not feel you can answer my questions then please pass me on to someone who does.
Best Regards,
James Arathoon
-----Original Message-----
From: Claessens Michel [mailto:firstname.lastname@example.com]
Sent: 13 December 2012 8:02 AM
To: James Arathoon
Subject: RE: Copy of Original Research Proposal for ITER Please
Dear James,
Actually, there are thousands of scientific articles which have supported the ITER project.
This is a project of unprecedented scale, involving worldwide cooperation and billions of euros of expenditure. The scientific community working in the energy field considers ITER as a major step that may provide a future energy alternative for all humankind. So, ITER is the result of decades of painstaking, step-by-step research by fusion scientists all over the world as well as intense discussions in the scientific administrations of involved governments who have debated the options, the costs and the risks and decided that the ITER project is a worthwhile investment in our common energy future. The proportion of papers directly concerned with ITER presented at leading international scientific conferences on fusion as well as in fusion journals has been steadily increasing for a number of years. The fact that research aimed at ITER is now such a dominant topic in these papers demonstrates how essential the project is to the advancement of fusion towards energy production.
Fusion research, and the role of ITER, has been subject to serious scrutiny by panels of independent experts established by funding agencies in Europe and most of the other ITER partners. The results of these investigations provide the most reliable measure of consensus in the scientific community. A few examples:
. In 2004 during the early stages of ITER negotiations, a high-level panel chaired by Sir David King (Chief Scientific Advisor to the UK government) concluded that the time was right to press ahead with ITER and recommended funding a "fast track" approach to fusion energy.
. The French Academy of Sciences organized a detailed review of the state-of-the-art and the remaining challenges of fusion both by magnetic confinement (including ITER) and using laser-driven systems. The review was published in a book in 2007 which emphasised the arguments supporting the construction of ITER.
. The United States went through a long process to decide to re-enter the ITER collaboration, after leaving it in the late 1990s. The US National Academy of Sciences convened a panel which included both fusion scientists and senior scientists from related fields such as nuclear fission power, high-energy physics and astrophysics. The non-fusion scientists were empowered to make the key recommendations. The panel strongly endorsed the renewed membership of the US in the ITER project as the best path forward to fusion energy.
I hope this helps.
Best regards.
Michel Claessens, Ph D
Head of Communication
Office of the Director-General
ITER Organization, Building HQ/552, ODG, Communication
Route de Vinon sur Verdon - 13115 St Paul Lez Durance - France
Phone: +33 4 42 17 66 13
Mobile: +33 6 14 16 41 75
Twitter http://twitter.com/#!/M_Claessens
-----Original Message-----
From: James Arathoon [mailto:email@example.com]
Sent: 13 December 2012 02:08
To: Claessens Michel
Subject: Copy of Original Research Proposal for ITER Please
Dear Michel,
Can please you send me the research proposal document that led to the project originally being funded by the EU. Also can you send me copies of the anonymous peer review reports on this research proposal. Where there any engineers involved in this peer review process? I also need to know if the research objectives of the project changed since the project was originally given the go ahead.
On the wikipedia site http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITER
The objectives are listed as
ITER's mission is to demonstrate the feasibility of fusion power, and prove that it can work without negative impact.[18] Specifically, the project
To momentarily produce ten times more thermal energy from fusion heating than is supplied by auxiliary heating (a Q value of 10).
To produce a steady-state plasma with a Q value greater than 5.
To maintain a fusion pulse for up to 480 seconds.
To ignite a 'burning' (self-sustaining) plasma.
To develop technologies and processes needed for a fusion power plant - including superconducting magnets and remote handling (maintenance by robot).
To verify tritium breeding concepts.
To refine neutron shield/heat conversion technology (most of energy in the
D+T fusion reaction is released in the form of fast neutrons).
The person who wrote this on the Wikipedia site claims to have got this information from your website, but I cannot find such detailed information at the location specified. Have any of these objectives been modified or abandoned?
Exactly how long will the Q>=10 500MW plasma pulse be? I want to calculate the amount of energy you actually will be creating.
Best Regards,
James Arathoon
James Arathoon
13 December 2012 03:23 PM
Obviously getting the ITER to pubicly release its current objectives would be of great help to us generalist engineering peer reviewers. Because engineering and economics are sister subjects we tend to want to know silly things like what will we get for our money and can we do the same thing for less by thinking about the problem in a different way.
Physicists and biologists don't tend to have such thought processes drilled into them day in and day out and so might miss the odd little opportunity to save one or two billion pounds, that I or other engineers might spot.
It might be that other commentators are right and that the ITER Fusion programme is a vanity project for the political and scientific elites in Europe and that ordinary engineers and artisans just shouldn't try to engage with and analyse the project in their own simple terms.
But whatever these political and scientific elites say (including Sir David King), eventually the humble engineer will either have to take over the running on this or strike up the courage to tell the emperor he has no clothes and force the programme to be shutdown. Proving the emperor has no clothes now saves a lot of money that can be spent on real and expensive engineering research that can pay off within 10 or 20 years.
I found ITER's original objectives on the Wikipedia page (if you can trust it)
This is the current 'intellectual' case for ITER on the official website
500MW sounds impressive, but ITER are not so forthcoming about how long this energy production rate will last for.
James Arathoon
James Arathoon
13 December 2012 03:34 PM
Hi James,
Are you selling popcorn for this?
Very entertaining stuff - I am going to enjoy this even if I don't understand 1/10 of the science.
p.s. the reply from Michel seems like a "brush off" to me i.e. don't worry your little head - us big scientists have it covered. We can't send you the details because you wouldn't understand it.
I know it's not funny, but really you have to laugh.
All the best,
Roger G.
13 December 2012 04:20 PM
Why the US not sell nuclear plants to UK its nuclear partner, can you not compete with the French cost and technology. 15Hours ago EDF Energy chief executive Vincent de Rivaz said: "The acceptance of the design for the EPR reactor is a major achievement and milestone for our new nuclear project in Somerset.
What is wrong with the UK this:
In connection with the original post, the man is only trying to get UK to show an interest in technology. See what the Russians and partners are doing:
The ITER vacuum vessel will be the biggest fusion furnace ever built. It will be twice as large and 16 times as heavy as any previously manufactured fusion vessel: each of the nine torus shaped sectors will weigh between 390 and 430 tonnes.[47] When all the shielding and port structures are included, this adds up to a total of 5,116 tonnes. Its external diameter will measure 19.4 metres (64 ft), the internal 6.5 metres (21 ft). Once assembled, the whole structure will be 11.3 metres (37 ft) high.
13 December 2012 04:40 PM
You must be aware that the purpose of ITER is not just to perhaps, one day, produce useful energy. Rather it is an excuse that allows all sorts of other (real if unspoken) objectives to be funded:
. A career for nuclear physicists, and so a need to keep physicist training popular and vibrant. We do need real physicist engineers both to feed our military with relevant skills (both for weapons and for nuclear subs), and to manage the vast existing waste (quite apart from the new waste that will collect at any new nuclear power stations). Is the civilian nuclear industry a safe bet for engineering careers at present? ITER is a good place for them to do a lot of useful learning
. Support for high tech engineering manufacturing of fancy and difficult things, and so building and retailing strategic capability. Fancy aero engines, for civilian and military use is not enough. Given climate change, and the multiple of global warming from high level emissions, this could be a declining field. The market for fancy telescopes (on the ground or in space) is not large
. Scientific support for materials science. The fundamental scientific understanding of materials driven by the demands of ITER may lead to all sorts of useful spin-offs
. Opportunities for international collaboration. My own, fairly short, period working for ESA taught me a great deal, not only about communications, management of complex programs and a little bit of astronomy, but also about how to work with others, and live abroad (in Germany). And a very useful and worthwhile credential!
. Learning about pretty fancy software and IT systems. Whatever happens, ITER will be difficult to control, and will need some very sophisticated control systems. A useful learning opportunity
. A bit of national prestige. It is a party for senior scientific players, so gives the UK some claim to the top table. A small reward for giving up an empire?
It is very hard to come up with other schemes that enable all of this. Developing and refining Renewable Energy Systems (like improved wind turbine systems and components) is already fraught with international and corporate competitive instincts. As are most "utilities" now they are privatised, and the dread spectre of "state support" will interfere with many other areas where state enterprise might be valuable.
You may remember that Keynes did not concern himself much with what "counter-cyclical" government spending bought, but rather that is was spent. (Not wholly a view I share, as I do think there are many good and useful ways to invest in services and infrastructure that are of lasting benefit to us all).
So be careful not to "peer review" too rigorously. It would be a shame to offer opportunities to reduce still further helpful government spending. ITER is probably better than Thorium.
And remember we do not want a "technocracy". Other "disciplines" add some value, possibly even economists and politicians.
David Hirst
13 December 2012 05:03 PM
The work on Tokamak is much more exciting to me than the CERN collider which is looking for non existent particles, as it is trying to replicate the conditions that exist on the surface of the sun or a star.
The problem is that the plasma or magnoflux needs to be confined into a vacuumed space in which there are no free electrons. But as all the 5,116 tonnes are made up of mostly metal molecules that are themselves enclosed in an electron shell how on earth are we going to stop the extremely high velocity plasma from touching the sides of the containment cylinder? In the end, as the fusion starts the particles will distort the circular magnetic path and the plasma collides with the electrons in the walls [ which is heat and temperature loss] which stops the fusion process. But if only we could; tritium fusion generation could really be feasible.
13 December 2012 05:28 PM
The ITER vacuum vessel will be the biggest fusion furnace ever built. It will be twice as large and 16 times as heavy as any previously manufactured fusion vessel: each of the nine torus shaped sectors will weigh between 390 and 430 tonnes.[47] When all the shielding and port structures are included, this adds up to a total of 5,116 tonnes. Its external diameter will measure 19.4 metres (64 ft), the internal 6.5 metres (21 ft). Once assembled, the whole structure will be 11.3 metres (37 ft) high.
Your quote seems to be from the wikipedia page (are you sure it can be trusted?)
As an engineer you should be asking yourself, what is the main reason that the tokamak vacuum vessel is engineered with such weight and mechanical strength.
Is it:
1. to stop it imploding when the vessel is depressurised?
2. because it has to survive high temperatures for extended periods of time?
3. to survive mechanically as the magnetic containment field is energised or de-energised under normal operating conditions?
4. to survive the large stress forces that can arise when plasma instabilities form and quickly release mechanical energy into the surrounding structures?
5. to remain strong under bombardment of fast neutrons?
6. Some other reason?
Once you answer this question, you can then ask the follow on question:
Can we avoid the problem by designing the system in a different way?
Now for reasons 1, 2 and possibly 6 the answer is most likely no.
For reason 3, 4, 5 and possibly 6 the answer could be yes.
I am not a specialist plasma physicist or fusion engineer, but I used to soclialise with plasma physicists when I studied at the Pure and Applied Physics Department at UMIST and took a little bit of interest in what they were doing.
I have also visited Culham possibly more than once, but haven't yet met the elite key staff who set the policy direction, just some very interesting engineers trying to solve problems they possibly don't need to.
For those who have not visited Culham, these were the talks given to us when I visited with the IET.:
Fusion - In our grasp? - David Martin
JET's Role in the EU Fusion Development Strategy - Lorne Horton
James Arathoon
James Arathoon
13 December 2012 06:59 PM
David, Like most engineers, I do not need to eat cake; all I want is a few crumbs from the top table the political and scientific elites dine at, so that a Thorium Molten Salt Reactor research programme can begin here in the UK. The communications officier at Culham (Chris Warrick who has now unfortunately got himself trapped between a rock and hard place) could have decided to engage with me sensibly and rationally. All I want to do is understand lossy fusion's neutron generation potential role in a fusion/fission hybrid Thorium Molten Salt Reactor. But no, there is no compromise, the fusion fundamentalists want to keep to the script of their own never-ending fairy tale (and our cultural nightmare); that Fusion is a solely power generation technology (not a neutron generation technology) and as such it will be viable in 40 or 50 years time if they are allowed to work in the way they want without being disturbed by outsiders. The scientific establishment at Culham and ITER have decided on the path they wish to take not me. I am just pointing out the obvious irrationality of it all for the amusement of others. James Arathoon
James Arathoon
Edited: 14 December 2012 at 08:35 AM by jarathoon
14 December 2012 09:00 AM
Dear Michel,
The UK Technology Strategy Board has demanded that the UKAEA be involved in my bid start a Thorium Molten Salt Reactor Programme in the UK.
This can be done in one of two ways:
1. with the ITER programme continuing to be UK funded with a small amount of UKAEA money diverted to Fusion/Fission Hybrid Research
2. with the ITER programmes UK funding cancelled, and with new research priorities set.
In order to determine which of these two options has the higher merit, I have started an IET peer review of the ITER project.
In order to start this process properly I need to know the current objectives of the ITER project. I can update the ITER Wikipedia page if you want to let people know and engineering peer review process in under way.
Best Regards,
James Arathoon
James Arathoon
14 December 2012 09:53 AM
Progress, I now have the current official ITER objectives from Michel.
"The objectives of the ITER project
The goal of ITER is to demonstrate the scientific and technological feasibility of fusion power for peaceful purposes. As one of the few options for large-scale, non-carbon future supply of energy, fusion has the potential to make an important contribution to sustainable energy supplies. Fusion can deliver safe and environmentally benign energy, using abundant and widely available fuel, without the production of greenhouse gases or long-term nuclear waste.
Realizing fusion's potential is technically challenging but such is the opportunity that the major world powers have decided to work together to take the next step towards producing fusion energy: ITER, therefore, is not only one of the major scientific and technological challenges of the 21st century but is also an unprecedented model for international research collaboration.
ITER is based on the "tokamak" concept of plasma magnetic confinement, in which the fusion fuel is contained in a doughnut-shaped vessel. The fuel - a mixture of deuterium and tritium, two isotopes of hydrogen - is heated to temperatures in excess of 100 million degrees, forming a hot plasma. The plasma is kept away from the walls by strong magnetic fields produced by superconducting coils surrounding the vessel and an electrical current driven in the plasma.
ITER will, for the first time, be able to produce a burning deuterium-tritium plasma in which the majority of the heating needed to sustain the fusion reaction is produced by fusion generated alpha-particles. The production and control of such a self-heated plasma has been the long-standing goal of magnetic fusion research for more than 50 years. Therefore ITER will allow full exploration of the science relevant to fusion power, as well as testing key technologies for future power plants.
The device is designed to generate 500 megawatts of fusion power for periods of 300 to 500 seconds with a fusion power multiplication factor, Q, of at least 10 (Q ≥10). The device is also intended to demonstrate non-inductive steady-state operation with a fusion power multiplication factor of 5 and, ultimately, pulse lengths of up to several thousand seconds. In addition, the design does not exclude the possibility that controlled ignition can be achieved.
ITER incorporates many of the technologies necessary for a fusion reactor and will
demonstrate the integrated operation of these technologies. It will also test a range of materials and components required for a reactor and, in particular, will test tritium breeding module concepts that would allow tritium self-sufficiency, the extraction of high grade heat and electricity production in a future fusion reactor. In order to execute this programme, ITER is anticipated to operate over an approximate period of 20 years and to produce a few tens of thousands of plasma pulses.
The technical basis for the ITER design has been derived from databases of physics and technology R&D results developed from the international tokamak research programme and from R&D studies implemented in support of the ITER Design Activities. Design choices have been made with the objective of achieving the minimum cost device that meets the project requirements. Nevertheless, as a principal goal is the demonstration of the safety and environmental potential of fusion, operational safety with regard to temperature, pressure, electromagnetic fields, the chemical environment and radiation is an essential design requirement.
The ITER design process has optimized the design to meet the initial quantitative scientific goals established for DT operation while maintaining the flexibility for future upgrades to accommodate the goals and constraints of later phases. While the design exploits advanced technologies proven through R&D, safety considerations play a leading role in the design concept with an emphasis on simplicity, fail-safe and fault-tolerant design features, redundancy and diversity where appropriate, independence and testability.
The operational phase of ITER will develop through four phases, encompassing
commissioning in a non-nuclear environment using hydrogen plasmas, scenario development and initial fusion power production in mainly deuterium plasmas, and two phases of deuterium tritium operation. The first of these will address mainly physics goals and should fulfil the key targets for fusion power production and fusion power gain in inductive and non-inductive scenarios. The second DT phase will emphasize improvement of the overall performance, testing of components and materials to higher neutron fluences of at least 0.3 MWa/m2, and demonstrate fusion power production with high reliability and availability."
James Arathoon
14 December 2012 10:15 AM
Also in regards to plasma instabilities, Michel says
"Regarding your questions about plasma instabilities, I invite you to look at our FAQs (www.iter.org/faq) where four questions address the issue of disruptions and their mitigation."
Now it is claimed that the "Wiffle Ball" magnetic confinement system (for example) currently being investigated in regards to Fusion/Fission Hybrid applications does not suffer from the sort of plasma "disruptions" that plagues the tokamak design.
As part of the peer review we need to determine whether or not the ITER design team adequately investigated alternative magnetic confinement systems to the Tokamak arrangement, which perhaps could have been scaled up more cost effectively than the tokamak design can be.
Peer Review Question:
Is the Tokamak magnetic confinement system the most cost effective solution for large volume magnetic plasma confinement?
James Arathoon
James Arathoon
15 December 2012 12:41 PM
There is a Fusion Talk up at Edinburgh Napier University on the 6th February next year.
Now given that I live just north of London it is a long and costly journey for me to make it up there for the free talk. However with a map I will be able to find the venue and from the published train timetable I will be able to estimate the duration of the journey, so hopefully I will arrive in time.
Now Kieran Gibson (who will be giving the talk) is also helping lead the whole country on a long and costly journey. But it is far from clear when we will arrive or even whether we are taking the most cost effective or practical route to get there.
The talk is entitled:
Nuclear Fusion - within our grasp?
by Kieran Gibson (Deputy Director of the York Plasma Institute at the University of York)
The lecture is arranged by IET Scotland South East Retired Members (SERMS)
My email to Frank McCall the organiser was as follows
I shall be attending the talk. Please let the speaker know about the following IET Forum discussion
I have been trying to get the government to fund Thorium Molten Salt Research while experts who worked on the original systems at Oak Ridge National Laboratories are still alive and well (e.g. Trevor Griffiths an expert in Molten Salt Chemistry who is in his 80's now). In doing this I found out about the possibility of Fission/Fusion Hybrids and the possibility of using Lossy Fusion as a neutron generation technology, on a shorter timeline than developing Fusion as an Energy Generation Technology. The cooperation of the UKAEA in this endeavour has not yet been achieved, in spite of the fact that such research directions may provide a new avenue to reducing the engineering costs of scaling up net energy producing fusion reactors.
If you wish to initiate a debate on whether or not the UK should continue to fund ITER in its present form at the end of the talk, then please let me know; I can make the case for withdrawing UK funding from the ITER programme and spending it more rationally to achieve more objectives at less cost.
If nothing else please make Kieran Gibson aware that I will be there.
Best Regards,
James Arathoon
James Arathoon
15 December 2012 09:07 PM
The ITER project is in reality heading for failure anyway, I am just a messenger. A more respected messenger is Nature
Generally people don't laugh if they suddenly realise that they have a hole in their pocket and have lost all their money, but this is a sort of abstract hole in millions of peoples pockets and it is sort of easier to laugh at - don't ask me why.
Anyway those of you who find what I write funny, will find what Nature writes even funnier...particularly this quote:
"Haange says, however, that the project remains firmly on schedule, and he is racing to make up for lost time. A task force of engineers is working through the tokamak building design floor-by-floor to finalize it. "We have a deadline for every floor level, and we are just about making it," he says. The final design will be finished in March next year, but to keep the project on schedule, F4E must tender the construction contract by the end of this year."
I don't remember the last time I heard about a project team "racing to make up for lost time" on an "on schedule" project. I've seen plenty of projects started after their official end date, but that's simply a project off-schedule right from the start.
I especially like the last sentence in the quote above:
"The final design will be finished in March next year, but to keep the project on schedule, F4E [Fusion for Energy] must tender the construction contract by the end of this year."
As they are "firmly on schedule" this sort of suggests they are happy to sign the contracts before they know what they really want and that this was always "firmly" part of the project plan.
I had always wondered what a collective of engineers is called. I thought it was a community of engineers, or an argument of enginners, but it turns out that it is a "task force" of engineers. This collective name strikes me as grounds for building up a more sophisticated analogy.
force = engineers
inertia = difficulty of the engineering task
change of speed = objective
friction = administration, training and communication
lubrication = good leadership
A sort of Newtonian mechanics of engineering project management if you like.
However in the real world these variables are not linearly independent, so the simple Newtonian model unfortunately fails.
For example in the real world increasing the force (more engineers), also increases the friction, that is more administation, training and communication. At some point the friction increases faster than the rate at which more force can be added. I am not sure what this point is called, perhaps the 'task rate catastrophy' or the 'power catastrophy' or something like this.
If Kieran Gibson's talk turns into an obituary to ITER, I still want to be given a chance to throw a spade load of dirt on the coffin and describe why I think the Tokamak system really is the wrong design for a practical and cost effective fusion reactor (from a mechanical and electrical engineering point of view).
James Arathoon
James Arathoon
15 December 2012 10:02 PM
Every quote from the article is gold dust...
"a further stripping-down of the already bare-bones first version of the machine, to keep the project on track"
" "We will ask for more time only if it is absolutely necessary," Haange says."
"We will have to find ways of recovering potential time delays."
Potential time - This is a really great concept. If only we could analyse all the various ways of wasting "potential time" we might be able to use real time less more wastefully. However we would have to analyse the huge number of different ways we can potentially use time much quicker than real time itself elapses.
I don't think that is what he means by "potential time", because what Haange is actually quoted as saying is non-sensical.
I think what he really means is that he will want to recover real time delays, by speeding up the schedule of other later tasks. This is the classic project management trap which eventually leads to "friction" growing faster than "force", and eventual "task rate catastrophy".
James Arathoon
James Arathoon
15 December 2012 10:14 PM
above should read
'we might be able to use real time less or more wastefully."
that is, we could in fact choose to use the analysis of potential time to design ways of wasting our time in more interesting and creative ways than our limited imaginations currently devise.
James Arathoon
James Arathoon
16 December 2012 01:25 AM
"With Tight Research Budgets, Is There Room for the Eternal Promise of Fusion?"
The case for the defense (American) or defence (English)
"The next major experimental step in magnetic fusion is ITER - the international experiment that will generate 500 megawatts of fusion power, at a physical scale of a power plant. Under construction in France, ITER will begin operation within ten years. It involves participation of the entire developed world, with the ITER partners representing the governments of half the world's population. The scientific basis for ITER was separately scrutinized and approved by scientific panels in each of these nations. ITER is large, complex, and full of challenges. But, the likelihood of scientific success is high."
This is written by Stewart C. Prager, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory
Stewart C. Prager believes that the likelihood of scientific success is high.
It is interesting he uses the word scientific rather than the word engineering. I think some physicists are under the misapprehension that ITER is about scientific discovery (like at the CERN LHC) rather than all about the engineering development of a new way of generating cheap energy.
Why are we are funding such expensive engineering research without putting generalist engineers in the chief executive role? For engineering research such as this the physicists should be advising the lead engineers not the other way around. Am I the only one who thinks this way?
Actually Stewart Prager makes an interesting comment about what his engineering colleagues are up to; he says I quote:
"No one knows the ultimate costs, but our best engineering analyses indicate that, with some luck, fusion can indeed be cost- competitive."
I would love to see these engineering analyses and to what extent they rely on "luck" (probabilistic analysis of chance) for cost-competitiveness to arise. I wonder how many X billion pound fusion projects we have to build with a variety of random design choices before we get lucky!
James Arathoon
James Arathoon
16 December 2012 05:05 PM
I wonder how many X billion pound fusion projects we have to build with a variety of random design choices before we get lucky!
To answer that question we would have to keep building until we 'get lucky'.
17 December 2012 12:58 PM
I wonder how many X billion pound fusion projects we have to build with a variety of random design choices before we get lucky!
To answer that question we would have to keep building until we 'get lucky'.
Yes that is the right answer.
The purpose of using scale models (I thought) is to do as much of the random guess work (trial and error work) at as small a scale as you can get away with - to save costs.
They should have played with other magnetic confinement designs and worked out the scaling laws of these too, not just the favoured Tokamak design.
Then using all this information, they could rationally determine which is likely to be the best design to scale up, in terms of build costs, running costs, reliability and maintainability.
It is the silly little engineering questions that scientific peer reviewers (including biologists) seem to miss. e.g. Can we make it cheaper to build operate and maintain by using a radically different design? What is the cheapest way of experimentally and rationally determining which design is best? What are other potential applications of our work, and how does our choice of design impact on that?
Even though Fusion for Energy has started letting contracts now (prior to the final design being signed off) its small beer stuff (35 million Euros) at the moment so the engineering peer review can still continue.
Fusion for Energy may want to sign as many contracts as they can between now and the 6th of February (Kieran Gibson's talk in Edinburgh) to make it harder for the UK government to change its mind and pull out. (This is the standard poison pill tactic, where elite bureaucrats design the contracts such that it is cheaper to stay in than pull out). However they haven't had enough time do do this to full effect yet, so we still have a little time for engineering rationality to prevail.
James Arathoon
James Arathoon
17 December 2012 10:10 PM
Respected academics are now encouraging the younger engineers and scientists to come up with new ideas on fission/fusion hybrids.
For example a talk given by Evgeny Velikhov (described as the "Godfather of ITER.") at a recent ITER conference.
Evgeny Velikhov is basically saying, lets try this with the facilities and knowledge we have to hand; I don't necessarily agree, it may be possible to come up with radically different designs as scale model experiments and progress faster this way.
The presentation is here
Whatever your view on this talk, it really is time now for the youngsters to get off the railway tracks and to start thinking for themselves.
The truth is I don't really need help from the UKAEA or ITER, all I need is one or two UK fusion people willing to stand up and defend their own ideas outside the limits of group think thought control zone; and with some time available to investigate a wide range of possibilities for fission/fusion hybrids and how we might go about finding the best route forward on this.
If there is no one willing to take up this role in the UK then I will have to look further a field for help. Perhaps to Sweden, Russia or America.
From the new year building up a Thorium Molten Salt Reactor Programme in the UK will be my full time job (hopefully with some external charitable support and favours to keep me fed in the months ahead).
Due to lack of financial resources I can't afford to pay people who want to get involved at the moment, but I will get the necessary private and public money to move forward on this eventually, as all the other ways forward on nuclear are either costly dead ends or involve problems that cannot be solved in my lifetime (I'm 46).
As an integration engineer I want to sketch an initial picture of all the diverse problems that need to be solved in building a Thorium Molten Salt Reactor Programme in the UK and how best we should go about solving them or finding new ways of avoiding solving them entirely.
James Arathoon
James Arathoon
18 December 2012 06:58 PM
"63 young fusion energy research professionals plead with the D.O.E to not end fusion research in America. The American Physical Society pleads for public support of physics research in general. The fate of American research will be decided in the next several weeks by 2 politicians in secret discussions over the budget."
Their actual letter
The American ITER budget appears in line for the the chop as the costs have grown so quickly out of control that they can now only deliver the barest of bare bones fusion reactor on a budget that still seems to be ballooning. Yes I don't understand this either!
Instead of whinging and moaning these young research professionals should be using their great collective brains to work out what is going wrong with ITER and why it won't deliver anything useful until after they are all dead.
A hint towards a solution: Engineering projects are not normally designed this way! It just way the idiots currently in charge have designed the system. (I mean the word 'idiot' in the sense of - An engineer is someone who can do for a dime, what any old idiot can do for a dollar)
Remember following the financial crash there is a new state of reality for everyone, including plasma research professionals and Imperial College professors. These professionals should remember that they are not working on some blue sky fundamental science project, they are working on a engineering project with real world goals. Different standards of ethics apply.
Engineers should not ever be allowed to fully ignore the real and current problems of the world, such as people queuing up for food handouts in America, Britain, Spain, Argentina etc. etc. and then say "Look all this sudden hardship doesn't really matter, lets continue on as we were before".
[Advice to the young researchers:
Give the professors who got you into this funding mess as hard an intellectual time as you can, they have no clothes after all. Unfortunately these same professors won't be able to admit their mistakes or change their mind, but it will help you a great deal and will start giving you the courage to ignore what they have been saying and to start thinking for yourself instead.
It really is that simple: You need to think of new ways of delivering much more, much faster, for a great deal less money, or help your colleagues find ways of doing the same.]
In the UK £100 million will buy an initial 3-4 year Thorium Molten Salt Reactor programme, and train up 30 new engineers and scientists to get us to Thorium base camp so to speak. There will be plenty of jobs on offer in China, India and elsewhere, if none materialise in the UK. Trying to build a safe new nuclear power generation technology, with much less waste, that we already know works in principle, is a no brainer as far as I am concerned.
Instead of whinging perhaps some of these young researchers (I am not sure how many are engineers; hopefully not too many) should think of an even better faster deal for the EU tax payer and trump me out. I am not nearly as clever as I once was so wouldn't be at all suprised if this happened.
James Arathoon
James Arathoon
» Energy
Starting an IET Engineering Peer Review of the ITER Fusion Project
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You take what you can get.
With that mantra in mind, the NCAA's decree to lengthen college basketball's preseason is a welcome development in a sport where the run-up to the regular season barrels down on coaches and players like a fastbreak. Earlier this month, the governing body of collegiate athletics ruled that men's programs can begin practicing six weeks prior to their first game.
The 2013-14 season is set to tip-off on Nov. 8, meaning teams can begin laying the groundwork in earnest on Sept. 27.
Two weeks may not seem like a major addendum, but consider this: between mid-October and the mid-December exam break, teams around the country don't stop. One day you're holding intrasquad scrimmages and the next thing you know, it's time to play a couple of exhibition games.
Ready or not, the focus then shifts to ushering in the regular season and with it a schedule that leaves little room for squeezing in valuable practice time – or to catch one's breath.
With extra time now at their disposal, the headaches that head coaches were forced to deal with due to a compressed schedule are now alleviated. It gives these leaders of young men a prime chance to stress areas that may have slipped through the cracks before, i.e. settling on a rotation that builds cohesiveness.
"You may be able to get a little more synergy and timing in the early games and gain a better feel of what your team is going to look like," relayed Providence head coach Ed Cooley. "I think you have a chance to see who your team is sooner rather than later and it's an opportunity for you to grow."
Coaches like Cooley and Bryant's Tim O'Shea understand that the additional practice time that has been allotted doesn't give them carte blanche to put the players through the meat grinder and subject them to possible burnout before everyone starts playing for keeps.
See COOLEY, page C6
"We have to come up with what's best for Providence College, not so much what's best for the year. Do we practice Monday-Tuesday, give them Wednesday off and come back Thursday-Friday or give them Friday-Saturday off? It's all moving pieces right now to what fits who we are and what we're trying to do," Cooley stated. "We'll strategically do something where our players are fresh come November 1."
Added O'Shea, "The operative word is flexibility. You can go hard for three days and take two days off. The way it was set up before, you went six days and took one day off. It's not a game changer, but it's a rule that I think most coaches welcome."
There is a trickle-down effect to keep in mind. Per NCAA rules, teams were allowed to come together in September for only a few hours a week. The curtain figures to get lowered on such get-togethers, but remember that coaches are permitted to work with players two hours per week during the summer.
"You have more control over your players rather than having them workout with someone else," Cooley said about the NCAA granting permission for summertime workouts.
Cooley passed along that Friar guard Bryce Cotton is "aggressively rehabbing his knee and that he's coming along fine." A first-team All-Big East pick as a junior, Cotton underwent surgery last month to repair a slight tear. The procedure was performed on the same knee that hindered the sharpshooter at times last season.
"He's probably got another month before he's full-go," was the status update Cooley offered.
NBA general mangers continue to pick Cooley's brain regarding Ricky Ledo, who is in Chicago for the two-day draft combine that gets underway Thursday. The PC coach remains in constant contact with Ledo.
"Emotionally he's doing well," said Cooley. "Ricky's a hot name. I've told GMs how Ricky did during practice and the things he's good at and what he needs to work on. I want to make sure our players become the best they can be."
As far as summer schedules go, the Friars will welcome incoming freshman Brandon Austin and Rodney Bullock to campus in time for the July summer school session. For the Bulldogs, O'Shea will have just one of his four first-year additions to next season's roster – 6-foot-8 forward Ellis Williams via Ohio – in Smithfield for summer classes that get underway next Wednesday.
"The other three players don't graduate high school until June so they won't be able to attend summer school," O'Shea noted.
Recruiting-wise, don't expect the Friars to add a player for next season just for the sake of filling up one of the scholarship spots that remain available. A possible scenario is to see Cooley award one to hardworking walk-on Ted Bancroft, who will be a senior.
"We've talked about that because he's somebody who has given to our program," Cooley said.
From the scheduling department, Cooley says that Providence is still looking to add a high-level non-conference game to complement the one against John Calipari's Kentucky squad on Dec. 1 at Brooklyn's Barclay Center. Bryant's O'Shea mentioned that he needs one more home game to fill out a slate that will feature a visit by Brown.
Neither PC nor URI appear on Bryant's non-conference schedule, with the absence of the Friars mainly due to conference realignment. O'Shea expressed confidence that Providence will be on his team's schedule moving forward. The coach is also optimistic that some sort of agreement can be reached with Danny Hurley and Rhody.
"From my standpoint, I would like to play PC and URI every year," expressed O'Shea.
The sounds of silence that have been coming from Big East headquarters figure to cease when the conference stages its spring meetings beginning Sunday in Florida. Cooley and Providence Athletic Director Bob Driscoll will be on hand with the hopes of receiving some news regarding who will sit in the commissioner's chair along with the finalization of the league schedule.
"It's going to be interesting," said Cooley.
Two main contributors from North Smithfield High's once-in-a-lifetime campaign have finalized their college hoop destinations. Forward Matt Walkow is heading to CCRI while guard Cody L'Heureux is ticketed for Westfield (Mass.) State.
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