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Stun Guns
Ashley Gilbertson for The New York Times
News about Stun Guns, including commentary and archival articles published in The New York Times.
Chronology of Coverage
Sep. 9, 2015
Virginia commonwealth attorney Ray Morrogh decides not to pursue judicial action against police officers who used stun gun on inmate Natasha McKenna, resulting in her death while in Fairfax County jail. MORE
Aug. 19, 2015
Marcus Eberhart and Howard J Weems Jr, former police officers in East Point, Ga, are charged with felony murder in connection with 2014 death of Gregory L Towns Jr, who was repeatedly shocked with Taser devices while he was handcuffed. MORE
Jul. 24, 2015
Prosecutors say no charges will be filed against Miami Beach Police Officer Jorge Mercado in 2013 Taser death of 18-year-old Israel Hernandez-Llach. MORE
Jul. 14, 2015
Officials in Van Meter, Iowa, cancel raffle to raise money for new police car that would have given winner permission to use Taser stun gun on a city official. MORE
Jun. 11, 2015
Lawyer for family of Bronx man Mario Ocasio disputes official account of his death, saying he was not holding scissors or acting violently before police shocked him with Taser stun gun; police official confirms that Ocasio did not have scissors, but that Taser was deployed due to resistance on Ocasio's part after he was placed in handcuffs. MORE
Jun. 9, 2015
Police shock Mario Ocasio with Taser stun gun after he brandishes scissors at them during encounter in his Bronx apartment; Ocasio later goes into cardiac arrest and dies. MORE
Jun. 1, 2015
Investigation reveals regular Taser use by North Charleston, SC, police officer Michael T Slager in years leading up to his fatal shooting of Walter L Scott; public records show that Slager used his Taser stun gun at least 14 times in roughly five years, highlighting issue that has become subject of controversy, complaints and litigation across country; some credit devices with saving lives, while researchers argue that they are susceptible to misuse. MORE
Nov. 7, 2014
Family of Gregory L Towns Jr, man who died after being stunned up to 13 times with Taser devices during arrest, settles lawsuit against East Point, a suburb of Atlanta, and two police officers. MORE
Sep. 4, 2014
City of Seattle reaches $45,000 settlement with Malaika Brooks, woman whom police shocked with a stun gun after stopping her for speeding when she was seven months pregnant; settlement resolves legal dispute in city that is under federal scrutiny over allegations of harsh and biased policing. MORE
Aug. 29, 2014
Family of Gregory L Towns, man who died following an arrest in which Atlanta police used Taser devices on him up to 13 times, files wrongful-death suit against the Atlanta suburb of East Point and two of its former officers; Towns was arrested in April after he fled on foot from officers who wanted to question him about a domestic dispute. MORE
Jul. 25, 2014
Milwaukee man Universal K Allah pleads guilty to being party to felony robbery after his stun gun was used in theft of a $5 million Stradivarius violin in January 2014; is sentenced to three and a half years in prison. MORE
Jul. 23, 2014
New York City Police Commissioner William J Bratton says Police Department is undertaking sweeping review of its training and tactics; announcement comes days after death of Staten Island man Eric Garner, who appears to have been subdued by police officers using banned tactic of chokehold; one change under discussion is expanded use of Taser stun guns. MORE
May. 11, 2014
First version of a stun gun was invented in 1965 when a Massachusetts man patented a long-range weapon that worked like an electrified supersoaker but it wasn't until 1993 when brothers Rick and Tom Smith teamed up with Jack Cover, inventor of the Taser, to produce a weapon that did not use gunpowder; police departments were slow to adopt gun but it later took off. MORE
Apr. 12, 2014
Editorial condemns rising use of dangerous disciplinary practices using shock weapons in schools around United States; notes the Taser, most popular of such weapons, can cause serious injury or even death; holds police officers wielding weapons are often ill-prepared to deal with children; calls for elected officials to ban shock weapons from schools. MORE
Aug. 28, 2013
Family of 18-year-old street artist Israel Hernandez-Llach, who died after being shocked with Taser by Miami Beach police, files lawsuit against City of Miami Beach and its police chief, accusing officers of abuse. MORE
Aug. 22, 2013
Gadgetwise blog; Yellow Jacket smartphone case for iPhone 4 and 4S conceals a stun gun, but it might get more use as a backup battery. MORE
Aug. 9, 2013
Parents of Israel Hernandez-Llach, 18-year-old who died after police in Miami Beach, Fla, used a Taser to subdue him, are calling for an independent investigation into his death. MORE
Apr. 9, 2013
Canadian coroner rules death of Robert Dziekanski, Polish immigrant who died after he was repeatedly stunned with police Taser in Vancouver airport, a homicide; while no criminal charges were laid against four Royal Canadian Mounted Police officers, they have been charged with perjury related to their testimony in inquiry. MORE
May. 15, 2012
Adam Liptak Sidebar column notes that the Supreme Court justices are scheduled to decide whether to hear an appeal from three Seattle police officers who have asked the court to sign off on their use of a Taser stun gun on a pregnant woman in a traffic ticket case; despite fact that officers already won a split decision in a lower court, they are seeking appeal in order to clear their names and preserve the freewheeling use of a 'useful pain technique.' MORE
May. 1, 2012
Study published online in the journal Circulation finds that the electrical shock delivered to the chest by the stun gun weapon manufactured by Taser International can lead to cardiac arrest and sudden death. MORE
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Officials in Texas Grapple With Police Decision to Use Taser on City Council Member
It was another episode for the town of Prairie View, Tex., which came under scrutiny over the death of Sandra Bland after a traffic stop this summer.
October 14, 2015, Wednesday
MORE ON STUN GUNS AND: Stun Guns , Police Brutality, Misconduct and Shootings , Texas
Virginia: No Charges for Deputies in Stun-Gun Death
The commonwealth's attorney in Fairfax County, Ray Morrogh, says he will not bring criminal charges against jail deputies who used a stun gun on a restrained inmate who later died.
September 9, 2015, Wednesday
MORE ON STUN GUNS AND: McKenna, Natasha (d 2015) , Prison Guards and Corrections Officers , Fairfax County (Va) , Stun Guns , Prisons and Prisoners
Ex-Officers in Georgia Charged in Death Linked to Taser
Two former policemen in East Point, Ga., each face seven counts in the 2014 death of Gregory L. Towns Jr., 24.
August 19, 2015, Wednesday
Man Dies After Being Shocked With a Taser by a Hartford Police Officer
The Connecticut State Police are investigating the death of a 26-year-old man after a call reporting a medical disturbance.
August 9, 2015, Sunday
MORE ON STUN GUNS AND: Stun Guns , Police , Hartford (Conn) , Malloy, Dannel P
No Charges for Officer in Miami Taser Death
The state attorney cited the medical examiner's determination that although the heart of an 18-year-old stopped because of a Taser, his death was accidental.
July 24, 2015, Friday
Iowa: Town Backs Off Plan to Raffle Chance to Use a Taser
After a bout of criticism, leaders in a small Iowa town called off plans to sell $5 raffle tickets for a chance to use a Taser stun gun on a city official.
July 14, 2015, Tuesday
MORE ON STUN GUNS AND: Iowa , Stun Guns , Lotteries , Police , Van Meter (Iowa)
Family Disputes Police Account of Bronx Man's Stun Gun Death
While the police said the man was refusing to drop scissors before being stunned, his girlfriend and the family's lawyer say there were no scissors and he was catatonic when officers arrived.
June 11, 2015, Thursday
MORE ON STUN GUNS AND: Ocasio, Mario (d 2015) , Stun Guns , Attacks on Police , Bronx (NYC) , Police , Police Department (NYC)
Bronx Man Dies After Police Use Taser Stun Gun on Him
The man, identified as Mario Ocasio, went into cardiac arrest and died after a police encounter in which he refused to drop a pair of scissors.
June 9, 2015, Tuesday
MORE ON STUN GUNS AND: Stun Guns , Attacks on Police , Ocasio, Mario (d 2015) , Police , Bronx (NYC)
Use of Tasers Is Scrutinized After Walter Scott Shooting
Records show that a North Charleston, S.C., police officer, who fatally shot Mr. Scott in April, like others in the department frequently made use of a Taser.
June 1, 2015, Monday
Florida: Man's Taser Death Is Ruled a Homicide
The death of an unarmed black man who died two days after South Florida police officers shocked him with a Taser has been ruled a homicide by the Broward County medical examiner.
May 16, 2015, Saturday
MORE ON STUN GUNS AND: Murders, Attempted Murders and Homicides , Police Brutality, Misconduct and Shootings , Reid, Calvon (1975-2015) , Stun Guns , Broward County (Fla)
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12 U.S. Code § 4702 - Definitions
For purposes of this subchapter, the following definitions shall apply:
(1) Administrator
(2) Appropriate Federal banking agency
The term "appropriate Federal banking agency" has the same meaning as in section 1813 of this title, and also includes the National Credit Union Administration Board with respect to insured credit unions.
(4) Board
(5) Community development financial institution
(A) In general
The term "community development financial institution" means a person (other than an individual) that—
(iii) provides development services in conjunction with equity investments or loans, directly or through a subsidiary or affiliate;
(iv) maintains, through representation on its governing board or otherwise, accountability to residents of its investment area or targeted population; and
(B) Conditions for qualification of holding companies
(i) Consolidated treatment A depository institution holding company may qualify as a community development financial institution only if the holding company and the subsidiaries and affiliates of the holding company collectively satisfy the requirements of subparagraph (A).
(ii) Exclusion of subsidiary or affiliate for failure to meet consolidated treatment rule No subsidiary or affiliate of a depository institution holding company may qualify as a community development financial institution if the holding company and the subsidiaries and affiliates of the holding company do not collectively meet the requirements of subparagraph (A).
(6) Community partner
The term "community partner" means a person (other than an individual) that provides loans, equity investments, or development services, including a depository institution holding company, an insured depository institution, an insured credit union, a nonprofit organization, a State or local government agency, a quasi-governmental entity, and an investment company authorized to operate pursuant to the Small Business Investment Act of 1958 [15 U.S.C. 661 et seq.].
(7) Community partnership
The term "community partnership" means an agreement between a community development financial institution and a community partner to provide development services, loans, or equity investments, to an investment area or targeted population.
(8) Depository institution holding company
The term "depository institution holding company" has the same meaning as in section 1813 of this title.
(9) Development services
The term "development services" means activities that promote community development and are integral to lending or investment activities, including—
(10) Fund
(11) Indian reservation
The term "Indian reservation" has the same meaning as in section 1903 (10) of title 25, and shall include land held by incorporated Native groups, regional corporations, and village corporations, as defined in or established pursuant to the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act [43 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.], public domain Indian allotments, and former Indian reservations in the State of Oklahoma.
(12) Indian tribe
The term "Indian tribe" means any Indian tribe, band, pueblo, nation, or other organized group or community, including any Alaska Native village or regional or village corporation, as defined in or established pursuant to the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act [43 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.], which is recognized as eligible for the special programs and services provided by the United States to Indians because of their status as Indians.
(13) Insured community development financial institution
The term "insured community development financial institution" means any community development financial institution that is an insured depository institution or an insured credit union.
(14) Insured credit union
(15) Insured depository institution
The term "insured depository institution" has the same meaning as in section 1813 of this title.
(16) Investment area
The term "investment area" means a geographic area (or areas) including an Indian reservation that—
(i) meets objective criteria of economic distress developed by the Fund, which may include the percentage of low-income families or the extent of poverty, the rate of unemployment or underemployment, rural population outmigration, lag in population growth, and extent of blight and disinvestment; and
(17) Low-income
The term "low-income" means having an income, adjusted for family size, of not more than—
(18) State
The term "State" has the same meaning as in section 1813 of this title.
(19) Subsidiary
The term "subsidiary" has the same meaning as in section 1813 of this title, except that a community development financial institution that is a corporation shall not be considered to be a subsidiary of any insured depository institution or depository institution holding company that controls less than 25 percent of any class of the voting shares of such corporation, and does not otherwise control in any manner the election of a majority of the directors of the corporation.
(20) Targeted population
The term "targeted population" means individuals, or an identifiable group of individuals, including an Indian tribe, who—
(21) Training program
The term "training program" means the training program operated by the Fund under section 4708 of this title.
Source(Pub. L. 103–325, title I, § 103,Sept. 23, 1994, 108 Stat. 2163.)
References in Text
The Small Business Investment Act of 1958, referred to in par. (6), is Pub. L. 85–699, Aug. 21, 1958, 72 Stat. 689, as amended, which is classified principally to chapter 14B (§ 661 et seq.) of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 661 of Title 15 and Tables.
The Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act, referred to in pars. (11) and (12), is Pub. L. 92–203, Dec. 18, 1971, 85 Stat. 688, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 33 (§ 1601 et seq.) of Title 43, Public Lands. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1601 of Title 43 and Tables.
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Willamette University College of Law - Willamette University
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20 U.S. Code § 1436 - Individualized family service plan
(a) Assessment and program development
A statewide system described in section 1433 of this title shall provide, at a minimum, for each infant or toddler with a disability, and the infant's or toddler's family, to receive—
(1) a multidisciplinary assessment of the unique strengths and needs of the infant or toddler and the identification of services appropriate to meet such needs;
(2) a family-directed assessment of the resources, priorities, and concerns of the family and the identification of the supports and services necessary to enhance the family's capacity to meet the developmental needs of the infant or toddler; and
(b) Periodic review
The individualized family service plan shall be evaluated once a year and the family shall be provided a review of the plan at 6-month intervals (or more often where appropriate based on infant or toddler and family needs).
(c) Promptness after assessment
The individualized family service plan shall be developed within a reasonable time after the assessment required by subsection (a)(1) is completed. With the parents' consent, early intervention services may commence prior to the completion of the assessment.
(d) Content of plan
The individualized family service plan shall be in writing and contain—
(1) a statement of the infant's or toddler's present levels of physical development, cognitive development, communication development, social or emotional development, and adaptive development, based on objective criteria;
(2) a statement of the family's resources, priorities, and concerns relating to enhancing the development of the family's infant or toddler with a disability;
(3) a statement of the measurable results or outcomes expected to be achieved for the infant or toddler and the family, including pre-literacy and language skills, as developmentally appropriate for the child, and the criteria, procedures, and timelines used to determine the degree to which progress toward achieving the results or outcomes is being made and whether modifications or revisions of the results or outcomes or services are necessary;
(4) a statement of specific early intervention services based on peer-reviewed research, to the extent practicable, necessary to meet the unique needs of the infant or toddler and the family, including the frequency, intensity, and method of delivering services;
(5) a statement of the natural environments in which early intervention services will appropriately be provided, including a justification of the extent, if any, to which the services will not be provided in a natural environment;
(6) the projected dates for initiation of services and the anticipated length, duration, and frequency of the services;
(7) the identification of the service coordinator from the profession most immediately relevant to the infant's or toddler's or family's needs (or who is otherwise qualified to carry out all applicable responsibilities under this subchapter) who will be responsible for the implementation of the plan and coordination with other agencies and persons, including transition services; and
(e) Parental consent
The contents of the individualized family service plan shall be fully explained to the parents and informed written consent from the parents shall be obtained prior to the provision of early intervention services described in such plan. If the parents do not provide consent with respect to a particular early intervention service, then only the early intervention services to which consent is obtained shall be provided.
Source(Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, § 636, as added Pub. L. 108–446, title I, § 101,Dec. 3, 2004, 118 Stat. 2751.)
Prior Provisions
A prior section 1436,Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, § 636, as added Pub. L. 105–17, title I, § 101,June 4, 1997, 111 Stat. 111, related to individualized family service plans, prior to the general amendment of subchapters I to IV of this chapter by Pub. L. 108–446.
Another prior section 1436,Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, § 636,Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 185; Pub. L. 93–380, title VI, § 618,Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 584; Pub. L. 95–49, § 3,June 17, 1977, 91 Stat. 230, authorized appropriations, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 98–199, § 11,Dec. 2, 1983, 97 Stat. 1369.
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