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Taylor Swift leads American Music Awards nominations
NEW YORK (AP) — Taylor Swift earned six American Music Awards nominations Tuesday, and if she wins everything she's up for, the singer will become the most-honored female artist in the show's history.Associated Press59 mins ago
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2Pac's Work Ethic Was Incredible During the Final Months of His Life
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New Years Day's Ash Costello on Fake Blood, Voodoo Dolls, and Her Human Teeth Collection
For "Kill or Be Killed," the last video from New Years Day's new album Malevolence, the melodic Anaheim metal band went for the jugular, presenting images of a partially masked face drooling and spitting blood along with shots of the band rocking out in a scary warehouse. She's starting out weak…Jon Wiederhorn
Watch Kanye West's DNC Fundraiser Performance
Kanye had his most impressive opener of all time: President Barack Obama. The post Watch Kanye West's DNC Fundraiser Performance appeared first on Pigeons & Planes.Pigeons & Planes
Listen To WatchTheDuck's "Making Luv To The Beat" f/ T.I. & DJ E-Feezy
Atlanta trio WatchTheDuck share their debut single from an upcoming EP 'The Trojan Horse.'Complex
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Now fathers, sci-fi rockers Coheed and Cambria land on Earth
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American Music Awards Nominations Live on 'GMA'
Joe Jonas and Charlie Puth announce the nominees for the world's biggest fan-voted awards.ABC News Videos
The Weeknd No. 1 on Hot 100, Drake's 'Hotline Bling' Bounds to No. 2
The Weeknd rewrites his longest command of the Billboard Hot 100 as "The Hills" rules for a fourth week. The R&B/pop star had previously led for three weeks with his first No. 1, and prior single, "Can't Feel My Face."Billboard
Gorillaz Music Planned for Next Year, Jamie Hewlett Says
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Premiere: A O S O O N – "Complicated"
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Arty Talks the Making of His Debut Album, 'Glorious,' and Wanting to Work With the Weeknd
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Ty Dolla $ign Is Dropping a New Mixtape Tomorrow
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Watch DJ Khaled's Two New Music Videos Feat. Chris Brown, Trey Songz, Future & More
DJ Khaled is many things -- understated, though, he most certainly is not. So it makes sense that he would announce his next album (I Changed A Lot, due out Oct. 23) with not one but two new posse cuts, featuring some of the biggest artists in the game -- and music videos to match.Billboard
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Terence Davies To Be Celebrated By Italy's Turin Fest
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Zac Brown's Kitchen on Wheels
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That New York twang: Nashville calls on Big Apple schools
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Can You Sail to It? Then It Must Be 'Yacht Rock'
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Genetic Denim Fall 2011 debuted a collection with sumptuous red velvet flares, denim dresses, and their signature stretch jean.
You could say it was in their DNA. Three business savvy men with similar genetic makeups and the passion to create. But it is Scott Sartiano, Ali Fatourechi and Shaun Hurleys differences that make up Genetic Denim.
The Genetic Denim team found that the most crucial part of the jeans to compliment a womens body is the top 3 inches of denim. With this in mind, Genetic Denims are designed to flatter this area with the actual fit, as opposed to covering up flaws with trick techniques such as whiskers and distracting washes

subset: commoncrawl


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- Northern New York Newspapers
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CANTON Twelve jurors have been seated in the murder trial of three Ogdensburg men, with testimony set to begin as early as this afternoon.
Investigators say Ralph E. Gene Lawton, 83, died after a scuffle during a robbery by Anthony W. Lalonde, Michael S. Thorpe and Michael D. Durand at Mr. Lawtons Ford Street apartment in Ogdensburg on Nov. 18, 2010.
Jury selection began Monday afternoon, when more than 100 prospective jurors packed Courtroom C on the second floor of the St. Lawrence County Courthouse.
By about 3:30 p.m. Wednesday, the pool had been pared down to a panel of 12 after the last rejected candidates were dismissed. St. Lawrence County Judge Jerome J. Richards told the newly sworn jurors that four alternate jurors must be selected before testimony gets underway.
The judge said he expected that process to be finished before lunch today, with opening arguments and the first prosecution witnesses tentatively scheduled for this afternoon.
Mr. Lalonde, then 31, of 1106 Ford St.; Mr. Thorpe, then 25, of 904 Elizabeth St.; and Mr. Durand, then 29, of 513 Elizabeth St., were indicted in June on charges of second-degree murder and first-degree robbery following more than a year of investigation.
Mr. Lawton and his 64-year-old roommate, Guy C. Bartlett, were home when the trio allegedly entered the apartment, caused a scuffle that left Mr. Lawton mortally injured and then fled with more than $1,000 and prescription drugs.
Mr. Bartlett told the Times in 2010 that the assailants wore slit towels and a plastic Halloween mask to disguise themselves, initially leading him and Mr. Lawton to believe the three were pulling a practical joke when they entered the apartment.
Mr. Bartlett said the attackers did not beat Mr. Lawton to death, but during the struggle he was thrown into Mr. Lawton, a much smaller man.
An autopsy showed Mr. Lawton received numerous blows to the chest, and it appeared Mr. Lawton did not put up much of a struggle.
The trial is expected to last between two and four weeks.
Thousands of readers like you have made Northern New York Newspapers the number one ranked website* for local news and sports coverage in the north country.
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text: Latest Diamond Finds Diamond mine – Crater of Diamonds Check out what lucky prospecters at the Crater of Diamonds have found so far this year. Remember, they get to keep what they find. You can too. The Mine & The Park It's finder's keepers at the Crater of Diamonds State Park in Murfreesboro, Arkansas. The only public diamond mine in the world, Crater of Diamonds offers you a one-of-a-kind adventure - the opportunity to hunt for real diamonds and to keep any you find. You'll search over a 37-acre plowed field - the eroded surface of an ancient, gem-bearing volcanic pipe. Begin your diamond hunting adventure at the visitor center featuring exhibits and an audio/visual program that explains the area's geology and offers tips on recognizing diamonds in the rough. Diamond Springs Water Park Crater of Diamonds State Park Since diamonds were first discovered on the site in 1906, over 75,000 diamonds have been unearthed. The Park offers 59 Class A campsites, picnic sites, a summertime café, laundry, gift shop, hiking trails, interpretive programs and Diamond Springs Water Park. When John Huddleston plucked two diamonds from the greenish-colored dirt of his farm, a hysteria known as "diamond fever" ensued. Although the excitement has since waned, interest in Arkansas's diamond mine remains high. About 60,000 people come to Huddleston's old farm site, now the Crater of Diamonds State Park, each year to search for these precious gems. The crater is the only diamond mine in the world where the public can pay a fee to dig and keep any gems they find. Dig for your own diamond The Legend of "Diamond John" - Howard Millar, a former operator of a tourist operation at the Crater of Diamonds and an expert on the crater's history, wrote in his book, "It Was Finders-Keepers at America's Only Diamond Mine," that two geologists had studied the crater site several years before Huddleston found diamonds here. However, they didn't find any diamonds. In 1906, Huddleston bought a farm on the site that the geologists had studied and on Aug. 8 of that year, he found two diamonds. John Huddleston According to Millar, Huddleston discovered the Arkansas diamonds while he was spreading rock salt on his hog farm. He saw some shiny specks in the dirt that he thought might be gold. But instead of gold, he found two stones. Huddleston declined an offer from the local bank cashier, who said he would pay Huddleston 50 cents for the stones. Eventually, the stones were sent to a gem expert in New York City and it was determined that the stones were indeed Arkansas diamonds. One was a 3-carat white diamond and the other was a 1.5-carat yellow diamond. Word soon got out about the diamonds and "Diamond John" Huddleston became famous. Thousands of people flocked to the little town of Murfreesboro, sparking a boomtown atmosphere. In one year, over 10,000 people were turned away from the Conway Hotel in Murfreesboro. Soon after his find, Huddleston sold his farm for $36,000 and this portion of the crater was closed to the public. "Crater of Diamonds" is Born Uncle Sam Diamond rough cut M. M. Mauney owned another portion of the diamond mine, and he originated the idea of letting visitors pay to hunt for diamonds. Some diamond mining operations also began in the years after the discovery, but for many reasons, shrouded in mystery, lawsuits, fines, bankruptcy and other reasons, they were unsuccessful. Then, in 1952, Millar opened a tourist operation at the mine. He dubbed the site, the "Crater of Diamonds." Millar promoted the site aggressively and received lots of national publicity. A museum, gift shop and restaurant were built and Millar, who was a geologist, gave lectures about the diamonds and also identified the visitors' finds. He received a 20 percent royalty on the value of any stone over 5 carats. During those years, thousands of diamonds were found. The most famous find was made in 1956 by Mrs. A. L. Parker of Dallas. Millar wrote that Parker found the diamond after heavy rains had fallen on the freshly plowed field. The white diamond was 15.33 carats. It fueled "diamond fever" here again as the crater was "almost overrun with diamond hunters," Millar wrote. In 1969, the crater was sold to a mining company and in 1972 the state of Arkansas purchased it. The site was developed into an 888-acre park nestled in a mixed pine and hardwood forest along the banks of the Little Missouri River. There is a visitor's center, gift shop, picnic area, restaurant, a 1.3-mile trail and 60 campsites with water and electricity. Great Finds from the Famous Crater Strawn-Wagner Diamond Although thousands of people have dug and sifted through the volcanic "kimberlite" soil, there are still plenty of diamonds waiting to be discovered. Since the park opened in 1972, more than 19,000 diamonds have been found, many of which are of gemstone quality. Park officials say about two diamonds are found by visitors to the park each day. "Most of them are about the size of a match head or smaller, and people usually keep them for souvenirs." Not all of the finds have been small. The largest documented diamond find is the 40.23-carat "Uncle Sam" diamond, which was discovered in 1924. The largest diamond found since the Crater of Diamonds became a state park was the 16.37-carat "Amarillo Starlight," discovered in 1975. Uncle Sam Diamond final cut Other notable finds include the "Star of Murfreesboro," which weighed 34.25 carats; the "Star of Arkansas," which was 15.33 carats and the 8.82-carat "Star of Shreveport." The 4.25-carat "Kahn Canary" diamond was found here in 1977 and was worn by Hillary Clinton during the presidential inaugural balls as well as two gubernatorial inaugurations. The 3.03-carat "Strawn-Wagner Diamond," found in 1990 was cut to a 1.09-carat gem graded D-flawless 0/0/0 (the highest grade a diamond can achieve) by the American Gem Society. Geologists believe these diamonds were formed millions of years ago and shot to the earth's surface during a violent volcanic eruption. The portion of the crater that is known to be diamond bearing is about 35 acres and is the eroded surface of an ancient volcanic pipe. Test drilling at the crater has shown that the reserve is shaped like a martini glass; it is believed to be the eighth largest diamond reserve in the world.


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Genre: Drama, Paranormal
Premise: FBI Agent Audrey Parker arrives in Haven, Maine, on what she believes is a routine assignment. But the longer she stays, the more curious she becomes -- about the townspeople, who seem to be beset by a range of supernatural afflictions; about the town itself, which contains many secrets; and about her own surprising connection to this strange place. Based on the Stephen King novella ``The Colorado Kid.''
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|May 3, 2005
|Filing date
|Oct 25, 2002
|Priority date
|Dec 22, 1999
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Alan R. Spievack
|Original Assignee
|Acell, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (47), Non-Patent Citations (27), Referenced by (14), Classifications (9), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/691,345, filed Oct. 8, 2000 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,576,265, which is based on and claims priority to U.S. provisional patent application serial No. 60/171,733, filed Dec. 22, 1999.
This invention relates to devitalized acellular tissue regeneration compositions, methods of making, and methods of use.
Submucosal tissues of warm-blooded vertebrates are useful in tissue grafting materials. For example, submucosal tissue graft compositions derived from small intestine have been described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,902,508 (hereinafter the '508 patent) and U.S. Pat. No. 4,956,178 (hereinafter the '178 patent), and submucosal tissue graft compositions derived from urinary bladder have been described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,554,389 (hereinafter the '389 patent). All of these compositions consist essentially of the same tissue layers and are prepared by the same method, the difference being that the starting material is small intestine on the one hand and urinary bladder on the other. The procedure detailed in the '508 patent, incorporated by reference in the '389 patent and the procedure detailed in the '178 patent, includes mechanical abrading steps to remove the inner layers of the tissue, including at least the luminal portion of the tunica mucosa of the intestine or bladder, i.e., the lamina epithelialis mucosa (epithelium) and lamina propria, as detailed in the '178 patent. Abrasion, peeling, or scraping the mucosa delaminates the epithelial cells and their associated basement membrane, and most of the lamina propria, at least to the level of a layer of organized dense connective tissue, the stratum compactum. Thus, the tissue graft material previously recognized as soft tissue replacement material is devoid of epithelial basement membrane and consists of the submucosa and stratum compactum.
The epithelial basement membrane is a thin sheet of extracellular material contiguous with the basilar aspect of epithelial cells. Sheets of aggregated epithelial cells of similar type form an epithelium. Epithelial cells and their associated epithelial basement membrane are positioned on the luminal portion of the tunica mucosa and constitute the internal surface of tubular and hollow organs and tissues of the body. Epithelial cells and their associated epithelial basement membrane are also positioned on the external surface of the body, i.e., skin. Examples of a typical epithelium having a basement membrane include, but are not limited to the following: the epithelium of the skin, intestine, urinary bladder, esophagus, stomach, cornea, and liver.
Epithelial cells are positioned on the luminal or superficial side of the epithelial basement membrane, opposite to connective tissues. Connective tissues, the submucosa, for example, are positioned on the abluminal or deep side of the basement membrane. Examples of connective tissues that are positioned on the abluminal side of the epithelial basement membrane are the submucosa of the intestine and urinary bladder, and the dermis and subcutaneous tissues of the skin.
The present invention provides devitalized tissue regenerative compositions comprising an epithelial basement membrane as part of a matrix or scaffold for tissue repair or regeneration. The inclusion of the epithelial basement membrane in devitalized mammalian tissue regenerative compositions results in improved in vivo endogenous cell propagation and tissue restoration as compared to submucosal matrices described above which do not include an epithelial basement membrane. For the purposes of this invention, devitalized means acellular or substantially acellular. For the purposes of this invention, epithelial basement membrane means at least a portion of the intact epithelial basement membrane.
According to the invention, a preferred devitalized matrix for mammalian tissue repair or regeneration comprises at least a portion of a mammalian epithelial basement membrane, preferably the entire epithelial basement membrane, and the tunica propria that is immediately subjacent to the basement membrane. Devitalized matrices of the invention restore or replace diseased, defective, or missing tissue when placed in contact with host tissue. In a preferred embodiment, the invention comprises a devitalized matrix that is custom-shaped to conform to the diseased or defective tissue. In a particular embodiment, the matrix comprises a sheet of matrix derived from the urinary bladder, the intestine, or any other mammalian epithelial tissue. In another embodiment, the matrix is injectable by means of being transformed into a fine particulate, emulsion, gel or extract. A matrix of the invention may act as a carrier for a pharmaceutical agent. A preferred application of the matrix of the invention is the repair or restoration of cardiac tissue. In particular, a matrix or composition of the invention is useful to restore or replace at least a portion of a cardiac valve, the interatrial septum, the interventricular septum, or the myocardium. For the purposes of this invention, matrix and composition are interchangeable terms.
In one embodiment, the invention features a devitalized composition comprising epithelial basement membrane and tunica propria immediately subjacent to the basement membrane. The epithelial basement membrane and tunica propria immediately subjacent to the basement membrane are delaminated from cells of a mammalian epithelium and abluminal portions of the tunica propria. Mammalian epithelial tissue used in this aspect of the invention is preferably derived from urinary bladder, intestine, or any other mammalian epithelial tissue. Further embodiments feature a composition shaped to conform to a diseased or defective cardiac valve such as at least a portion of a pulmonic valve, aortic valve, right or left atrioventricular valve, or the myocardium.
In still another embodiment, the invention features a composition comprising epithelial basement membrane, tunica propria, and submucosa. The epithelial basement membrane and tunica propria are delaminated from the cells of an epithelium and from the tunica muscularis of a mammalian epithelial tissue.
In yet another embodiment, the invention features a composition comprising epithelial basement membrane, tunica propria, and smooth muscle cells of the tunica muscularis, all delaminated from epithelial cells of a mammalian epithelium.
The composition, according to the invention, is not limited to merely the embodiments enclosed. Rather, the composition, according to the invention, comprises one or more layers of an epithelial tissue in combination with at least a portion, preferably the entire, intact epithelial basement membrane.
In another aspect, the invention provides methods for inducing restoration or repair of diseased or defective cardiac tissue. A preferred method of the invention comprises the step of contacting a host tissue with a devitalized matrix derived from a mammal. The devitalized matrix comprises at least a portion of an epithelial basement membrane and tunica propria immediately subjacent to the basement membrane. In preferred embodiments, methods of the invention comprise inducing endogenous epithelial repair using tissue regenerative compositions of the invention.
The drawings are not to scale and emphasis instead is generally being placed upon illustrating the principles of the invention.
A devitalized tissue regenerative composition in accordance with the present invention comprises epithelial basement membrane or at least a portion of the epithelial basement membrane and at least the subjacent portion of the tunica propria harvested from a mammalian epithelial tissue. Preferred epithelial tissues for use in the invention include, but are not limited to, urinary bladder and other tissues of the uro-genital tract, small intestine, esophagus and other tissues of the gastrointestinal tract, skin, liver, and arteries such as the aorta and other tissues of the cardiovascular system. In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a tissue graft composition comprising at least a portion of the epithelial basement membrane and subjacent tunica propria, separated from the luminal epithelial cells, the abluminal adventitial, serosal, and smooth muscle layers and the submucosal tissue layers Tissue separation or delamination techniques, according to the invention, provide a layer of devitalized extracellular matrix material including epithelial basement membrane or at least a portion of the epithelial basement membrane essentially free of cells. Any remaining cellular elements are then removed by further processing steps such as rinsing in hypotonic saline, peracetic acid or sterile water.
Accordingly, referring to
In another preferred embodiment, again referring to
In yet another composition, a preferred embodiment of the invention comprises the epithelial basement membrane B, the tunica propria C that lie adjacent the epithelial basement membrane B, the tunica submucosa D and at least a portion of the tunica muscularis E.
Sources of Epithelial Tissue
Material for tissue regeneration compositions of the invention is typically prepared from tissue harvested from animals raised for meat production, including but not limited to, pigs, cattle and sheep. Other warm-blooded vertebrates are also useful as a source of tissue, but the greater availability of such tissues from animals used for meat production makes such tissue preferable. Thus, there are inexpensive commercial sources of tissue for use in preparation of the tissue compositions in accordance with the present invention. There may be specially bred or genetically engineered strains of certain species that are used as a tissue source. For example, pigs that are genetically engineered to be free of the galacatosyl, alpha 1,3 galactose (GAL epitope) may be used as the source of tissues for production of the composition. Alternatively, herds of pigs that are raised to be free of specific pathogens may be used as the source of tissues. Mammalian tissue used as the source of tissue for production of the composition of the invention may be harvested from an animal of any age group, including embryonic tissues, market weight, gender or stage of sexual maturity.
Tissue Sources of Epithelial Basement Membrane
Urinary Bladder
A preferred source of epithelial basement membrane is the urinary bladder illustrated in
A preferred UBM tissue regenerative composition comprises epithelial basement membrane, preferably urinary bladder basement membrane, and the biotropic molecular structure that lies immediately subjacent the epithelial basement membrane from the urinary bladder tissue of warm blooded vertebrates. In this embodiment, epithelial basement membrane is delaminated from the luminal epithelial cells, abluminal adventitial, serosal, and smooth muscle tissues, and submucosal tissues. Tissue graft compositions of the invention have remarkably superior tissue growth characteristics as compared to previously described submucosal tissue graft compositions implanted or injected into a vertebrate host to cause the repair or replacement of damaged, missing, or defective tissues or organs.
Methods of the present invention avoid complete loss of the epithelial basement membrane and result in a tissue regenerative composition that includes at least a portion of the epithelial basement membrane. In a preferred embodiment, the epithelial basement membrane as determined by conventional histochemical or immunohistochemical techniques and light, or electron microscopy, is largely intact. The resulting devitalized material obtained by methods of the present invention is in contrast to methods for making tissue graft compositions derived from small intestine and urinary bladder as described in the '508 and '389 patents which result in a graft material including submucosa exclusive of the epithelial basement membrane. Steps in preparation of UBM from urinary bladder tissue differ from previously described steps for preparation of submucosal tissue graft composition described in the '508 patent and the '389 patent. In the methods for the preparation of the submucosal tissue graft composition described in the '508 and '389 patents, the mucosa is mechanically removed by abrasion.
According to the present invention, UBM is prepared by removing the urinary bladder tissue from a warm-blooded vertebrate, for example, a pig, and delaminating the tissue by first soaking the tissue in a deepithelializing solution, for example, hypertonic saline, most preferably 1.0 N saline, for periods of time ranging from 10 minutes to 4 hours. Exposure to hypertonic saline solution effectively removes the epithelial cells from the underlying basement membrane. The tissue remaining after the initial delamination procedure includes epithelial basement membrane and the tissue layers abluminal to the epithelial basement membrane. This tissue is next subjected to further treatment to remove the majority of abluminal tissues but not the epithelial basement membrane. The outer serosal, adventitial, smooth muscle tissues, submucosa and abluminal portion of the tunica propria are removed from the remaining deepithelialized tissue by mechanical abrasion or by a combination of enzymatic treatment, hydration, and abrasion. Mechanical removal of these tissues is accomplished by removal of mesenteric tissues with, for example, Adson-Brown forceps and Metzenbaum scissors and wiping away the tunica muscularis and abluminal tunica propria using a longitudinal wiping motion with a scalpel handle or other rigid object wrapped in moistened gauze. After these tissues are removed, the resulting tissue scaffold consists of epithelial basement membrane and subjacent tunica propria. This tissue differs from previously known tissue compositions derived from animal epithelial tissues by the inclusion of a largely intact epithelial basement membrane in the present invention. The tissues may be further processed by rinsing in hypertonic saline, peracetic acid or sterile water. Other methods for removing tissue layers, a microtome, for example, may also be used to obtain the tissue composition of the invention.
The method for preparation of tissue regenerative compositions according to the invention is not limited to the use of urinary bladder tissue as a starting material. The method according to the invention is also applicable to other starting tissues, for example, skin, esophagus, stomach, and intestinal tissues.
After preparing UBM according to the method of the invention, the resulting tissue scaffold consists of an approximately 10-120 micrometer thick material that consists primarily (i.e., greater than 90%) of extracellular matrix (ECM) including the epithelial basement membrane. This material may or may not retain some of the cellular elements that comprised the original tissue such as capillary endothelial cells or fibrocytes. These cellular elements are removed by subsequent exposure to peracetic acid as part of the disinfection of the biomaterial. The material differs in its histologic appearance and its architecture from the submucosal tissue graft compositions because of the smooth epithelial basement membrane that demarks the luminal surface and the dense, partially organized collagenous ECM that demarks the abluminal surface. The ECM material stains pink with H&E stain and blue with Masson's trichrome stain.
Skin, Esophagus
Similarly, steps used in preparation of tissue regenerative compositions from other epithelial organs having tissue layers similar to urinary bladder, such as skin, or esophagus, parallel the steps described above for preparing UBM. Like the urinary bladder matrix, the material remaining after removal of the epithelial cells, tunica serosa, tunica muscularis and abluminal tunica propria, includes at least a portion of the epithelial basement membrane, and the adjacent tunica propria.
Small Intestine
A tissue regenerative composition of the invention is also derived from epithelial tissues of the gastrointestinal tract, such as the small intestine. Steps in preparation of a tissue regenerative composition that includes at least a portion of the epithelial basement membrane of the small intestine and subjacent tunica propria, termed SIM, are similar to the steps described above for the formation of UBM. 1.0N saline may be used to remove the intestinal epithelial cells from the epithelial basement membrane. An alternate method for removing epithelial cells is to soak the epithelial tissue in a detergent such as a non-ionic detergent, for example, Triton X-100, at concentrations from 0.025 to 1%, for 5 minutes to several hours.
In one embodiment, the delaminated tissue regenerative composition derived from an epithelial tissue is stored either in a frozen hydrated state or is air dried at room temperature, then stored. Alternatively, the tissue regenerative composition is lyophilized and stored in a dehydrated state at either room temperature or frozen. In yet another embodiment, the tissue regenerative composition can be minced and fluidized by digesting the material in proteases, for example pepsin or trypsin, for periods of time sufficient to solubilize the tissue and form a substantially homogeneous solution. The viscosity of the solubilized material can be varied by adjusting the pH to create a gel, gel-sol, or completely liquid state. The preparation of fluidized intestinal submucosa, for example, is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,275,826, expressly incorporated herein by reference.
In still another embodiment, the present invention contemplates the use of powder forms of the tissue regenerative composition. In one embodiment, a powder form of tissue regenerative composition is created by mincing or crushing the delaminated material to produce particles ranging in size from 0.005 mm2 to 2.0 mm2. The material, delaminated from unwanted tissue layers, is frozen for example, in liquid nitrogen, to perform the crushing procedure. Alternatively, the material is dehydrated to perform the crushing procedure. The crushed form of the material is then lyophilized to form a substantially anhydrous particulate tissue regenerative composition.
Tissue compositions of the present invention are suitable for many surgical and nonsurgical applications for the purpose of inducing reconstructive wound healing and tissue restoration. For example, they are used to replace damaged, diseased, or missing heart valves, arteries, veins, urinary bladder, liver, portions of the gastrointestinal tract, or they can be used as templates for repair or replacement of head and neck structures. The material, in any of a number of its solid or fluidized forms, can be used as a scaffold for dermal or epidermal repair, injected into various body sphincters such as urinary sphincter or esophageal or gastric sphincters, folded into a tube or partial tube as a conduit for the restoration of nervous tissue or extruded or molded into any shape suitable for its application as a tissue regenerative composition. The tissue regenerative composition of the invention can be sutured into place in its solid sheet form, placed in wounds or body locations in a gel form, or injected in its liquid or particulate form. Tissue compositions of the present invention induce growth of endogenous tissues including epithelial and connective tissues when target tissues in vivo are placed in contact with mammalian derived, devitalized tissue compositions comprising at least a portion of an epithelial basement membrane.
Urinary Bladder Matrix (UBM)
UBM compositions comprise at least type I and type IV collagen, glycosaminoglycans, including hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate A and B, heparin and heparin sulfate. In addition, one or more of basic fibroblast growth factor, vascular endothelial cell growth factor and TGF-beta are present in UBM.
The physical properties of UBM have been partially characterized. UBM has a uniaxial strength of approximately 0.1-2.0 pound per 1.0 cm wide strip (measured with a material testing system machine via American Standards for Testing Materials pulling at 1 inch/minute). The suture retention strength of the material is approximately 1.0-4.0 Newtons (N) per sheet layer, specifically, 4-18 N for a 4 layer matrix and 30 N-120 N for a 30 layer matrix. The ball burst test failure force is approximately 4-10 pounds for each layer, specifically, 32-80 N for 8 layers, 16-40 N for 4 layers, and 36-120 N for 12 layers.
The porosity index is defined as the amount of water that flows through a material per cm2/minute at 120 mmHg pressure. Water porosity differs from one side of UBM to the other depending on the direction of flow. Water flows from the epithelial basement membrane to the abluminal side at approximately 20% the rate of water flow from the abluminal side to the epithelial basement membrane side of the matrix. UBM also has viscoelastic properties.
UBM can be sterilized by any of a number of standard methods without loss of its ability to induce endogenous tissue growth. For example, the material, after rinsing in saline and peracetic acid at 0.05% to 1.0%, can be sterilized by ethylene oxide treatment, gamma irradiation treatment (0.5 to 2.5 mRad), gas plasma sterilization, or e-beam treatment. The material can also be sterilized by treatment with glutaraldehyde that causes cross linking of the protein material, but this treatment substantially alters the material such that it is slowly resorbed or not resorbed at all and incites a different type of host remodeling which more closely resembles scar tissue formation or encapsulation rather than constructive remodeling. Cross-linking of the protein material can also be induced with carbodiimide or dehydrothermal or photooxidation methods.
The following examples will serve to better demonstrate the successful practice of the present invention.
As exemplification of the utility of methods and compositions of the invention, UBM is applied to heart valve defects. As will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art, methods and compositions disclosed herein are applicable to other tissue regenerative compositions derived from sources of epithelial tissue other than the urinary bladder, from mammalian sources other than pigs, and to tissue defects other than heart valve. Moreover, tissue regenerative composition of the invention can be applied in a form other than a sheet or multilayer sheet of material, for example, UBM may be applied as an extract, in gel form, powdered form, tubular form, sheet form, or as strips, cords or struts or mixed with other pharmaceutical agents, for example, growth factors and gene products. UBM may be extruded or molded in or on a form to fit a particular application in the body. The preparation of fluidized forms of tissue is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,275,826, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference, and the preparation of solid sheets and strips of tissue is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,711,969, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
Application 1: Cardiac Tissue Repair
One embodiment, according to the invention, is a tissue regenerative composition for repair or replacement of cardiac tissues. Cardiac tissues include, but are not limited to, diseased, damaged, or missing heart tissue including myocardium, epicardium, endocardium, pericardium, interatrial and interventricular septum and all heart valves and associated valve leaflets including pulmonic valve, aortic valve, right atrioventricular valve and left atrioventricular valve and portions of adjacent vessels of the heart including pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, aorta, inferior vena cava, and superior vena cava.
In this embodiment of the invention disclosed herein, UBM was prepared from porcine urinary bladder as described above, and used as autogenic and xenogenic anterior heart valve replacement leaflet of the pulmonic valve in five pigs and three dogs.
UBM, configured as a single sheet of material or as double thickness material, was cut with scissors or a scalpel at the time of surgery to fit the pulmonic valve anterior leaflet. UBM was sutured directly to the annulus at the base of the valve. In the single sheet embodiment, the epithelial basement membrane side of UBM was positioned on the right ventricular luminal side of the replacement valve leaflet and sutured directly to the annulus of the pulmonic valve. In a double thickness embodiment of UBM, UBM was folded so that the epithelial basement membrane was positioned on both surfaces, i.e., ventricular and arterial surfaces, of the replacement pulmonic valve leaflet, and sutured directly to the annulus of the pulmonic valve.
The pulmonic valves of experimental dogs and pigs were examined 6 and 12 weeks after valve replacement. One dog was examined at 5 months after valve leaflet replacement. Standard tissue fixation and histopathological techniques were used to examine the harvested valve leaflets.
At six weeks post valve leaflet replacement, epithelialization of the replacement valve leaflet was present over the entire valve leaflet surface. Cells migrating over the valve leaflet surface stained positive by immunofluorescent staining for von Willebrand factor indicating that these cells were of endothelial origin. In some valve leaflets some of the endothelial cells had features of early progenitor cells. Neovascularization, endothelial cell infiltration, and deposition of extracellular matrix were observed originating from the host tissue at the annulus of the pulmonic valve and extending into the replacement valve leaflet.
At twelve weeks and at five months post valve leaflet replacement, none of the original UBM tissue composition was recognizable and restoration of the valve leaflet was complete. Unexpected findings at all time points examined included lack of endothelial invasion into the replacement valve leaflet, lack of thrombosis, and lack of calcification or cell-mediated rejection of the replacement valve leaflet. Moreover, the shape of the replacement valve leaflet was unchanged from the shape of the original valve leaflet, at all time points examined.
Ultrasound studies of the pulmonic valve in pigs at 8, 12, 16 and 20 weeks after valve replacement demonstrated a competent valve.
In another embodiment of this aspect of the invention, fluidized, powderized, or pulverized forms of UBM are applied to or injected into or adjacent to diseased or defective cardiac tissue to promote endogenous tissue repair. For example, fluidized UBM is injected into or adjacent to a congenital interventricular septal defect, congenital interatrial septal defect, or into the lumen of a patent ductus arteriosus to promote endogenous growth of tissue in these areas.
Application of UBM to cardiac tissues is accomplished by the application of several different surgical approaches. For example, a minimal invasive procedure is used to approach the cardiac surgical site with the aid of a laproscope. Alternatively, a thoracotomy is performed. UBM is brought to the surgical site in any of its prepared forms such as a sheet, loop, strip or as an injectable, powered, or pulverized form. Sheets or strips of UBM are custom-fit for the particular cardiac application before or during the surgical procedure. Sheets or strips of UBM are secured adjacent to or in the defective or diseased cardiac tissue with sutures, staples, tissue glue, or any other means known to one skilled in the art.
Application 2: Matrix for in vitro Cell Proliferation
Human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC) form endothelium, a single layer of cells organized on a basement membrane in vivo in a manner that mimics epithelium. Studies were conducted in vitro using isolated HMVEC plated on (i) the epithelial basement membrane side of a sheet of UBM, (ii) the abluminal surface of UBM, (iii) small intestine submucosa tissue graft composition (SIS) prepared according to the methods disclosed in the '508 and '178 patents, and (iv) urinary bladder submucosa tissue composition (UBS) prepared according the method disclosed in the '389 patent.
HMVEC grew into the matrix and did not form a confluent cell layer following three days' growth when plated on the surface of SIS and UBS regardless of whether HMVEC were plated on the luminal or abluminal surface of SIS or UBS.
HMVEC plated on the abluminal surface of UBM grew into the matrix, proliferated and differentiated into mature endothelial cells. Like HMVEC plated on the abluminal surface of SIS and UBS, a confluent layer of HMVEC was not formed on the abluminal surface of UBM following three days' growth.
In contrast to other previously known tissue regenerative compositions such as SIS and UBS in these studies, HMVEC plated on the epithelial basement membrane side (luminal) of a sheet of UBM attached to UBM, proliferated, differentiated and formed a confluent monolayer following three days' growth.
Application 3:
It is contemplated that the tissue graft composition of the present invention can be used to induce repair or replacement of tissue in vivo, including connective tissues, such as ligaments, tendons, cartilage, bone, joints, and muscle, epithelial tissues, such as urinary bladder, and other tissues of the urogenital tract, stomach, esophagus, and other tissues of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, nervous tissue, tissues of the head and neck, skin, and other tissues using the same procedures described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,902,508; 4,956,178; 5,281,422; 5,352,463; 5,554,389; 5,275,826; 4,902,508; 5,372,821; 5,445,833; 5,516,533; 5,573,784; 5,641,518; 5,695,998; 5,711,969; 5,755,791; 5,762,966; and 5,885,619, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference. The tissue graft composition of the invention can also be used with synthetic or non-synthetic polymers for restoration of tissues.
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|International Classification
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|Feb 12, 2003
|Nov 3, 2008
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Nov 5, 2012
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8


text: Be careful where you go West of Summit Ridge!! Most land west of there is in Wyoming. We find a lot of SD residents hunting in Wyoming and the game warden patrols that area a lot because of it. Its fairly easy to tell where the boundary is. It is fenced off the whole way. You shouldn't have any problems. When it starts to get pretty rugged and steep, you are probably in Wyo.


text:
Tegra System Profiler
Tegra System Profiler is a multi-core CPU sampling profiler that provides an interactive view of captured profiling data, helping improve overall application performance. Available on Windows, Linux, or MacOSX host platforms and Tegra-based target platforms.
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Download for Android Download for Linux for Tegra Documentation
Standalone Tegra System Profiler downloads are also available at NVIDIA GameWorks™ Download Center
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- Tegra K1 32-bit
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Developer Webinars
Instructional Videos and Webinars can be found here.


text:
I agree Jim, but I don't care for any promotion by association whether it's a resort address or a former long dead President.
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I agree Jim, but I don't care for any promotion by association whether it's a resort address or a former long dead President.
Breckenridge's other claim to fame is cutting the whiskey with rocky mountain water. imagine that, we've gotten to the point where someone actually sells the fact that they're watering down your whiskey. Not water in the distillation mind you, but WATERING DOWN! What's next, "We package in a smaller 700ml bottle to store more of the flavor you used to get at 750ml."
Thought you might be interested in article in Summit Daily. Breck Distillery new barrel storage going from 320 to 3700 barrels.
Here's the article:
Agreed, Breckenridge Bourbon tastes pretty light and young. But it's still alright.
I got a pour of Breckenridge while visiting Colorado last month. My assessment is the same as Danger's. It was alright. Nothing off-putting, but nothing memorable either. Glad it saved me from spending $45-50 for a bottle in Texas.
The Distributor is really pushing this around here. It's all over in bars, restaurants and package stores. My local chef owned restaurant was sold the same line about awards and such and they were excited to tell me about it. So, it's young low proof and expensive? No thanks. Taste is fine for what it is but at that price? Pass.


text:
28 U.S. Code § 633 - Determination of number, locations, and salaries of magistrate judges
(a) Surveys by the Director.—
(1) The Director shall, within one year immediately following the date of the enactment of the Federal Magistrates Act, make a careful survey of conditions in judicial districts to determine
(A) the number of appointments of full-time magistrates and part-time magistrates required to be made under this chapter to provide for the expeditious and effective administration of justice,
(C) their respective salaries under section 634 of this title. Thereafter, the Director shall, from time to time, make such surveys, general or local, as the conference shall deem expedient.
(2) In the course of any survey, the Director shall take into account local conditions in each judicial district, including the areas and the populations to be served, the transportation and communications facilities available, the amount and distribution of business of the type expected to arise before officers appointed under this chapter (including such matters as may be assigned under section 636 (b) of this chapter), and any other material factors. The Director shall give consideration to suggestions from any interested parties, including district judges, United States magistrate judges or officers appointed under this chapter, United States attorneys, bar associations, and other parties having relevant experience or information.
(3) The surveys shall be made with a view toward creating and maintaining a system of full-time United States magistrate judges. However, should the Director find, as a result of any such surveys, areas in which the employment of a full-time magistrate judge would not be feasible or desirable, he shall recommend the appointment of part-time United States magistrate judges in such numbers and at such locations as may be required to permit prompt and efficient issuance of process and to permit individuals charged with criminal offenses against the United States to be brought before a judicial officer of the United States promptly after arrest.
(b) Determination by the Conference.— Upon the completion of the initial surveys required by subsection (a) of this section, the Director shall report to the district courts, the councils, and the conference his recommendations concerning the number of full-time magistrates and part-time magistrates, their respective locations, and the amount of their respective salaries under section 634 of this title. The district courts shall advise their respective councils, stating their recommendations and the reasons therefor; the councils shall advise the conference, stating their recommendations and the reasons therefor, and shall also report to the conference the recommendations of the district courts. The conference shall determine, in the light of the recommendations of the Director, the district courts, and the councils, the number of full-time United States magistrates and part-time United States magistrates, the locations at which they shall serve, and their respective salaries. Such determinations shall take effect in each judicial district at such time as the district court for such judicial district shall determine, but in no event later than one year after they are promulgated.
(c) Changes in Number, Locations, and Salaries.— Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, the conference may, from time to time, in the light of the recommendations of the Director, the district courts, and the councils, change the number, locations, and salaries of full-time and part-time magistrate judges, as the expeditious administration of justice may require.
Source(June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 916; Aug. 13, 1954, ch. 728, § 1(a), (b),68 Stat. 704; Pub. L. 85–276, §§ 1, 2,Sept. 2, 1957, 71 Stat. 600; Pub. L. 90–578, title I, § 101,Oct. 17, 1968, 82 Stat. 1111; Pub. L. 96–82, § 4,Oct. 10, 1979, 93 Stat. 645; Pub. L. 99–651, title II, § 202(d),Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3648; Pub. L. 101–650, title III, § 321,Dec. 1, 1990, 104 Stat. 5117.)
References in Text
Date of the enactment of the Federal Magistrates Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), means Oct. 17, 1968, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 90–578.
1986—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 99–651substituted "section 634" for "section 643".
1979—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 96–82struck out provision that determinations of the conference changing the number, locations, and salaries of full-time and part-time magistrates take effect sixty days after they are promulgated.
1968—Pub. L. 90–578substituted provisions for determination of number, locations, and salaries of magistrates, comprising subsecs. (a) to (c) of this section, relating to: surveys by the Director; determination by the conference; and changes in number, locations, and salaries", respectively, for prior provisions for fees and expenses of United States commissioners, prescribing in undesignated introductory provisions a $10,500 limitation for any one calendar year for certain enumerated services rendered, and in former subsec. (c) for actual and necessary office expenses, including compensation of a necessary clerical assistant, of United States commissioners performing full time duty in office and not engaged in practice of law, now covered in sections 634 and 635 of this title.
1957—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 85–276, § 1, placed in subsec. (a) provisions of former subsec. (b) relating to limitation of compensation of commissioners and, among other charges, increased fees and compensation of commissioners.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 85–276, § 2, repealed subsec. (b) which limited compensation of commissioners.
1954—Act Aug. 13, 1954, inserted "and expenses" after "Fees" in section catchline.
Subsec. (c). Act Aug. 13, 1954, added subsec. (c).
Change of Name
Words "magistrate judges" and "magistrate judge" substituted for "magistrates" and "magistrate", respectively, in section catchline and, except for historical references, wherever appearing in subsecs. (a)(2), (3), and (c) pursuant to section 321 ofPub. L. 101–650, set out as a note under section 631 of this title. Previously, "United States magistrates" substituted for "United States commissioners" in subsec. (a)(2) pursuant to Pub. L. 90–578.
Effective Date of 1986 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 99–651effective Jan. 1, 1987, see section 203 ofPub. L. 99–651, set out as a note under section 155 of this title.
Effective Date of 1968 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 90–578effective Oct. 17, 1968, except when a later effective date is applicable, which is the earlier of date when implementation of amendment by appointment of magistrates [now United States magistrate judges] and assumption of office takes place or third anniversary of enactment of Pub. L. 90–578on Oct. 17, 1968, see section 403 ofPub. L. 90–578, set out as a note under section 631 of this title.
LII has no control over and does not endorse any external Internet site that contains links to or references LII.


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When it comes to your Oklahoma State fanaticism, you prefer to sport a classic style. Stay true to your standard with this Nike Classic hoodie. It features an OSU wordmark printed on the front under the Nike Swoosh. This hoodie skips the distractions and goes straight to showing off your Cowboys spirit!
- 80% Cotton/20% Polyester
- Fit: Product runs small. We recommend ordering one size larger than you normally wear.
- Front pouch pocket
- Hood with drawstring
- Imported
- Midweight hoodie suitable for moderate temperatures
- Officially licensed collegiate product
- Screen print graphics
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- Tagless
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Customized items can be personalized with options such as your name, your favorite number, and/or designs. Some options may be limited by league rules.


text: Net time is the way to do it once you are in Windows. However, if it is a cmos problem, then you have to troubleshoot it at the hardware level, not the os or network level. If net time is working correctly for you to sync to an external time server, then just add the line to your autoexec.bat or write a startup script and add the script to your local policy (win2k and XP). That should do the trick, however, it will still not resolve your cmos problems.


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Tyne Tees Weather
The latest weather forecasts for the North East.
The latest weather forecasts for the North East.
You've been sending us pictures of snowy scenes, here is a selection of the best...
After a week of very wintry weather across the region we have been left with some stunning scenes. Here are just a few of them.
Weather pictures: How are our animals coping in the cold and snowy conditions. Here are some of your pictures.


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TENS 3000 Unit
Improved Technology : Most tens units use an analog system, which is not very accurate. The TENS 3000 uses a microprocessor, which gives exact dial performance. Microprocessor Benefits include an accurate Timer, and an accurate output of maximum, full strength power of 80ma. Accurate as a digital tens unit, yet easy to operate! Safety amplitude cap: Protects the Amplitude Knobs from accidental bumps or knob movements.
TENS 3000 Unit Warranty:
*This item must be ordered by a licensed healthcare professional.
I enjoyed this product. I am very pleased.
nice item.... works great awesome price
This is a great little highly portable box with plenty of power. The settings are clear and well defined. The price is very good. I highly recommend it.
This is a great product!! I have another tens unit that doesn't do half what this one does, and I paid WAY more money for it!
Thank You
Love this unit I can put it on a client for 15 minutes and it calms down nerves and muscles so I can actually touch the spot and work on it
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Ethyl Virginia Greener Cochrane, beloved mother, was born on March 15, 1920, in Hinckley the second child of Irene Smith and James "Tad" Greener. She had an older brother Jim, and two younger brothers Dick and Darrell and a younger sister Maureen.
She attended elementary school in Soldier Summit where her father worked for the railroad. When the railroad closed the depot, the family moved to Helper.
Virginia graduated from Carbon High School where she played flute for the marching band that went back to Washington D.C. and won the National High School Marching Band competition. She attended Stevens-Henager Business College in Salt Lake, then moved back to Helper and became a telephone operator.
She married James Cochrane and they spent their married life living in the coal towns of Sweets, Royal and Sunnyside. They had three sons, Jim, Bob and Carl who were active in all sports and traveled around with them to watch them participate in these events. During vacations and holidays, as a family, they loved to fish, hunt and camp with their many friends. While her boys were in school, Virginia volunteered in the schools and booster club helping raise funds, especially for the sports programs.
After Jim's death in 1978, Virginia moved to Price, where she spent the next twenty plus years traveling the world and acting as a tour guide in the Price Prehistoric Museum and the Railroad Museum in Helper.
Her sons, Jim (Saundra) and Bob (Everlinda), daughter-in-law, Teena, brother Darrell (Wilma), Sister-in-law Verlie, nine grandchildren, 17 great-grandchildren and four great-great-grandchildren and many nieces and nephews survive Virginia.
Her husband, son, Carl, parents, brothers Jim and Dick and Sister Maureen preceded her in death.
Funeral services will be held on Saturday, Oct. 6 at Noon in the Mitchell Funeral Home where friends may call one hour prior to the services.


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Yeah, it's been quiet... only 13 members or so so far, but at least now we know a few of you are checking back
Just thought I'd say. It's been 3 days since a post has been put here.
Yeah, it's been quiet... only 13 members or so so far, but at least now we know a few of you are checking back
This is my first visit, I am setting up Suse Linux 7.1 for the first time on a 10gig fireball drive. I guess I still want to be able to keep my finger in the windows invironment so will leave room for it but am hoping after installing Linux that this LILO will work and allow me to boot to either systems.
Well here we go!,, will report back how the water is
These last couple of days have been slow, especially because of the 4th of July. We will be back in groove here real soon I hope. We should be acquiring new members as soon as our site hits the engines(I hope anyways). We could use all the help we can get on recruiting people to the site though. We are fully open to ways to attract new users and keep you guys!
If you give a man a fire he'll be warm, if you light the man on fire he'll be warm for life.
Welcome WireChief! Good choice with Suse. If you have any troubles just let us know and we can work them through it with ya. Just remember that when you are setting up LILO for SUSE, DO NOT INSTALL TO MBR! Install to the first sector!
If you give a man a fire he'll be warm, if you light the man on fire he'll be warm for life.
Thanks Aragorn for your help and suggestions to make a Linux 7.1 work. For those reading this reply I purchased Suse Linux 7.1 Personal and decided to install it on a Fireball 10 gig hard drive. First I Fdisked and setup a C primary and D logical drive, I then used a drive image of my original 13 gigs C partition and got it restored to the C drive. I decided to try following the instructions on the CD package that Linux 7.1 came with (mistake1 ugh). I used Partition magic (mistake 2) to make a boot partition, a Linux 1.2 gig partition, and swap partition (for some reason Partition magic made a very small swap partition ) I installed powerquests boot magic (mistake 3) then tried the install of Linux following the instructions on their CD pack.. this process is very confusing it takes you through the installl process and eventually through installing the kernal but I got lost by step 6,,, I could not get linux to load, even though it showed that it installed software. thats when Aragorn advised me that this wouldnt work and led me through a re-installation process that would work. Stubornly I decided to follow the install instruction using linux 7.1' quick install and that worked, I have to use a boot disk to start linux but it works, the setup for the monitor is scary though and I recommend that you find the manual for your monitor before you get started so you know how to setup the detail that it asks for. Oh, I found out that by doing this linux sets up its own partitions so you dont need to do that as I mentioned that was a very time consuming mistake, just let it setup the hard drive. All of this is my first attempt at Linux and it was a very intensive learning process, thanks Aragorn for you help and Im glad I found your discussion forum and will incourage my friends to stop by and check it out.


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Spinal fusion is surgery to permanently connect two or more vertebrae in your spine, eliminating motion between them.
Spinal fusion involves techniques designed to mimic the normal healing process of broken bones. During spinal fusion, your surgeon places bone or a bone-like material within the space between two spinal vertebrae. Metal plates, screws and rods may be used to hold the vertebrae together, so they can heal into one solid unit.
Because spinal fusion surgery immobilizes parts of your spine, it changes the way your spine can move. This places additional stress and strain on the vertebrae above and below the fused portion, and may increase the rate at which those areas of your spine degenerate.
Spinal fusion permanently connects two or more vertebrae in your spine to improve stability, correct a deformity or reduce pain. Your doctor may recommend spinal fusion to treat the following spine problems:
Spinal fusion is generally a safe procedure. But as with any surgery, spinal fusion carries the potential risk of complications.
Potential complications include:
Beyond the immediate risks of the procedure, spinal fusion surgery changes how your spine works by shifting stress from the fused vertebrae to adjacent areas of your spine. This added stress may accelerate the process of wear and tear in the vertebral joints on either side of the fusion, causing further damage and possibly chronic pain.
Preparation before surgery may involve trimming hair over the surgical site and cleaning the area with a special soap or antiseptic. Your doctor will give you specific instructions. Tell your doctor about any medications you are taking. You may be asked not to take some medications before the surgery.
Surgeons perform spinal fusion with a general anesthetic, so you're unconscious during the procedure. Surgeons have developed a variety of techniques for performing spinal fusion surgery. The technique your surgeon uses depends on the location of the vertebrae to be fused and the reason for the spinal fusion.
Generally, the procedure involves the following:
In selected cases, some surgeons use bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) instead of bone grafts. BMPs are synthetic substances that help promote bone growth and speed the fusion of the vertebrae. This makes it easier for surgeons to perform spinal fusion through several smaller incisions, rather than through one larger incision.
A hospital stay of two to three days is usually required following spinal fusion. Depending on the location and extent of your surgery, you may experience some pain and discomfort but the pain can usually be well controlled with medications.
After you go home, contact your doctor if you exhibit signs of infection, such as:
It may take several months for the affected bones in your spine to heal and fuse together. Your doctor may recommend that you wear a brace for a time to keep your spine aligned correctly. Physical rehabilitation can teach you how to move, sit, stand and walk in a manner that keeps your spine properly aligned.
Spinal fusion is typically an effective treatment for fractures, deformities or instability in the spine. But study results are more mixed when the cause of the back or neck pain is unclear. In many cases, spinal fusion is no more effective than nonsurgical treatments for nonspecific back pain.
It can be difficult to be certain about what exactly is causing your back pain, even if a herniated disk or bone spurs show up on your X-rays. Many people have X-ray evidence of back problems that have never caused them any pain. So your pain might not be associated with whatever problem has been revealed on your imaging scans.
Even when spinal fusion provides symptom relief, it can eventually result in more back pain in the future. Immobilizing a section of your spine places additional stress and strain on the areas around the fused portion. This may increase the rate at which those areas of your spine degenerate — so you may need additional spinal surgery in the future.
Original article: http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/spinal-fusion/basics/results/prc-20020533
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Mayo Clinic is a not-for-profit organization and proceeds from Web advertising help support our mission. Mayo Clinic does not endorse any of the third party products and services advertised.
A single copy of these materials may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only. "Mayo," "Mayo Clinic," "MayoClinic.org," "Mayo Clinic Healthy Living," and the triple-shield Mayo Clinic logo are trademarks of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research.


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Product 998/1011
Contemporary wallet.
Pattern delivered as an electronic download.
Don't throw your scraps away! Instead make a business card case with your scraps and give them as simple gifts!
Carry your business cards in this stylish and cute business card case!
Pattern Includes:
-10 Pages of Detailed Instructions
-Full Pattern Pieces
-Color Pictures
Case Features:
-2 Card Pockets
-Strong Velcro Strap
Finished Measurements:
When Open: Width-4" (10cm) Height-7 3/4" (19 1/2cm)
When Closed: Width-4"(10cm) Height-2 3/4"(7cm)
Designer Terms of Use: All rights reserved. This pattern is for personal use only. Please do not make copies of this pattern. Please do not sell items made from this pattern.
Format: PDF File - Available for Instant Download
Pages: 10 (Instructions + Illustrations - 8, Pattern Sheets - 2)
Downloadable Pattern FAQs


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I recently upgraded to Fedora 10 and have been having some strange problems. The updater keeps trying to download repository lists and tries to update the list (pop ups every few seconds). I disabled this by selecting the option to update once a week. Also, the sound had been working until yesterday, but stopped working after an update.
My question is: which repositories do you recommend to update from. I am using Fedora 10, 64 bit. I am hoping that a "proper" update will fix some of these problems.
Anyway, for putting your system back in order, you would probably want the normal Fedora repos. Have you tried yum? Do a man yum and try cleaning out old info.
Better advice is surely available at the Fedora Forums.


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Super Bowl XLVII Media Day
Ray Lewis of the Baltimore Ravens answers questions from the media... Fotografia de notíciasBaltimore Ravens,Desporto,EUA,Estados da Costa do Golfo,Estádio,Futebol Americano,Horizontal,Louisiana Superdome,Media Day,NFL,Nova Orleães,Perguntar,Ray Lewis,Responder,San Francisco 49ers,Super BowlPhotographer Chris GraythenCollection: Getty Images Sport 2013 Getty ImagesNEW ORLEANS, LA - JANUARY 29: Ray Lewis #52 of the Baltimore Ravens answers questions from the media during Super Bowl XLVII Media Day ahead of Super Bowl XLVII at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on January 29, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana. The San Francisco 49ers will take on the Baltimore Ravens on February 3, 2013 at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome. (Photo by Chris Graythen/Getty Images)


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Helps prevent recurrence of flaking and itching associated with dandruff.
Active Ingredients
Pyrithione Zinc (1%) (Anti-Dandruff).
Inactive Ingredients
Water, Sodium Laureth Sulfate, Sodium Lauryl Sulfate, Cocamide MEA, Zinc Carbonate, Glycol Distearate, Dimethicone, Fragrance, Cetyl Alcohol, Polyquaternium 10, Magnesium Sulfate, Sodium Benzoate, Ammonium Laureth Sulfate, Magnesium Carbonate Hydroxide, Benzyl Alcohol, Sodium Chloride, Methylchloroisothiazolinone, Methylisothiazolinone, Sodium Xylene Sulfonate, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Extract, Anthemis Nobilis Flower Oil, Tocopheryl Acetate.
For maximum dandruff control, use every time you shampoo. Wet hair. Massage onto scalp. Rinse. Repeat if desired. For best results use at least twice a week or as directed by a doctor.
For external use only. When using this product avoid contact with the eyes. If contact occurs, rinse eyes thoroughly with water. Stop use and ask a doctor if condition worsens or does not improve after regular use of this product as directed. Keep this and all drugs out of the reach of children. If swallowed, get medical help or contact a Poison Control Center right away.
This is a very effective, medicated dandruff shampoo. This is a strong enough shampoo for dandruff that it's not needed every day. I would recommend this shampoo to everyone who has problems with dandruff.
This is a very good shampoo, itching has stopped for me. I would highly recommend this shampoo for every one for itchy scalp. It leaves my hair soft and clean, and it has a very pleasant smell.
This shampoo helped me to get rid of all the pimples on my scalp. This shampoo works well for me. I would highly recommend this shampoo to every one. These shampoo helps me to control the bumps. This is one of the best medicated shampoo i have used.
This shampoo is safe for color treated and permed hair. It is sulfate free. This anti dandruff shampoo is excellent, it leaves my hair feel clean, oil free and gets rid of dandruff from my hair.
This Tar shampoo helps to control itchy scalp, it is formulated with a fresh fragrance. This is an effective shampoo. I have been using this from so many days.This shampoo keeps my scalp and face mostly free of flaking.
Pears Transparent Bar Soap, Gentle Care, Value Pack - 4.4 Oz, 3 Bars
Our Price:$8.01


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Southeast Oregon Basin and Range > Pueblo Mountain > Climber's Log
Pueblo Mountain Climber's Log
[ Sign the Climber's Log ]
|Nick Turtura
|False Summit King
Date Climbed: Jul 12, 2013
|Hot day for a solo climb but it was beautiful. However, I think there was at least 50 false summits on this one :) Every time I got to the top something was a little higher a little further away. It almost got comical,... almost.
|Posted Jul 15, 2013 12:24 pm
|Paul McClellan
|North Ridge Route
Date Climbed: Jul 2, 2012
|Started just north of Stergen Meadows at the head of Arizona Creek. Hiked directly up a slope to reach a ridge line, then traversed up mostly open country towards the North Summit. Walked the summit ridge to reach the South Summit. Sunny and warm. Enjoyed reading the summit registry and recognizing so many names from SummitPost.
|Posted Jul 3, 2012 6:07 pm
|north ridge
Date Climbed: May 4, 2012
|followed the north ridge route which worked quite well. No snow left even is early in the year. Barely dodged some storms. The road up to 6000 feet is not too bad but you are a long way from anywhere if something happens
|Posted May 19, 2012 6:23 pm
|West Side
|We drove up Arizona Creek and left the truck on the NW side of Pueblo (near Stergen Meadows). We hiked the road till it dipped and we headed up the west slope. Had lunch on top. Friends moved the truck and we descended the NE side to Catlow Creek. I remember the descent as not much fun.
|Posted Jun 10, 2011 12:54 am
|Troy B
|North Ridge
Date Climbed: May 12, 2011
|I parked my car at the 4300' level on the Arizona Creek road and packed up to the top of Pueblo Mountain via the north ridge. I descended to Ten Cent Meadow and camped below the West Pueblo Ridge then ascended West Pueblo the next day. Amazing views!
|Posted May 14, 2011 12:00 am
|Summit 7 of 9
Date Climbed: Jun 17, 2010
|My favorite mountain of the trip and our highest peak. Parked at 6000 feet and walked around the bend. Took the line of sight route to the peak on the steep Northwest flank. It was tough on the heels, but worth it for the speed.
Note the road is not all that great once you get beyond the fork at 5400 feet. Almost worth walking from there because, if you are like us, you'll be traveling the road at 3-4 MPH max (to save your tires).
I love the summit, and wish we could have done Little Cottonwood-Modesto on the other side of the canyon. Next trip I suppose. Happy trails and have fun summiting.
|Posted Jun 19, 2010 10:57 pm
|vancouver islander
|Frigid May ascent
Date Climbed: May 5, 2010
|North ridge from the gate. Explored the road on towards Ten Cent but it was boggy enough to warrant not risking getting stuck. I was on my own and no-one but no-one comes this way.
Clear ground to the saddle beyond the first bump in the ridge, then climbed mostly snow slopes to the false summits and the real one beyond.
Snow showers and increasing wind throughout. The summit was bitterly cold; my fingers froze in seconds when I took my gloves off for photos. Good views of W Pueblo between snow squalls. Couldn't find a summit register.
Descending I dropped directly down snow slopes from the first false summit to an old road I could see below; runs parallel and to the west of the N ridge. It joined the Ten Cent road and I walked back to the car on it - round the foot of the ridge.
Finally a word about "that" road. I didn't find it too bad going up. However, going down, debris or simply the angle of the road tipped the truck over towards the drop off on a number of occasions. Probably wasn't that bad but it felt alarming at the time. Just something to be ready for.
|Posted May 7, 2010 12:22 am
|Walk up route
Date Climbed: Aug 16, 2009
|Pat and I drove up Arizona Creek to the high point in the road (7,000 ft) on the west side of Pueblo. There is a major bog just beyond this that I didn't want to get stuck in. Camped and made the climb to the col just north of the summit, then up ridge to summit. Antelope on top ... hot day. Total round trip from camp 3 1/2 hours.
|Posted Aug 24, 2009 4:54 pm
|West route
Date Climbed: May 23, 2009
|Bob Bolton and I made our way up from the west side. Great mountain but the road that leads to Ten Cent Meadow area is not one I will ever repeat. One section of about a mile is narrow with big drops and no place exists to pass another vehicle coming the other way.However, the Ten Cent Meadow area and scenery in this area is spectacular. Beautiful area.
|Posted May 25, 2009 9:49 pm
Date Climbed: May 11, 2008
|Did the north ridge route from the gate. Made the mistake of car camping the night before in my wrangler, wont do that again...
|Posted May 11, 2008 8:39 pm
|Dennis Poulin
|Route Climbed: North Ridge Date Climbed: 22 August 2005
|A beautiful day for a nice hike.
|Posted Aug 28, 2005 8:21 pm
|Brian Jenkins
|Route Climbed: Northwest Ridge Bushwhack Date Climbed: May 9, 2004
|Finally got out there to do this one. Got to trailhead about 9:30 pm Saturday night. Slept in truck. Started off at 6:50 am, decided not to do route in guide book as it's just a series of old roads and easy slopes. Picked a line up the northwest side that looks to cut a couple miles off the 16 this was supposed to be. Plus, it looked like a cooler scramble.
Up and over a mound being careful of possible rattlers (never saw any). There is a north peak that I couldn't tell if it was connected to the main mountain or not so I passed it by and crossed a small stream. Then up steeper slopes following a rock ridge. Cut through that at a break in it and then up and over to the next valley. Hit some snow and climbed a short patch of it until I was on what looked like the final pitch. Well, it turned out to be a false summit, then so did the next point, then another. I finally saw the true summit and strolled across easy meadows to it. There is a small cairn and pole next to a marker. Did this one in 3 hrs 59 minutes at a pretty leisurely pace.
Decided to try the easy slopes on the north side (supposed to be the regular route) for the return but got bored and ended up taking that first unconnected peak ridge back down. (It is connected by a saddle.) Bad idea, I flipped over to the north side and it was loose talus most of the way down and some Class 3 scrambling. Took me almost as much time for the hike back doing this way. Total was abot 9 hours with an hour spent at the summit. Drove back through Nevada and southern Oregon. Got back to Portland at 1 am. Very tired.
|Posted May 10, 2004 11:19 am


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R.A. Dickey not on the trade market, yet
In a post to his blog for ESPN, Jayson Stark says clubs who have "kicked the tires" on a trade for R.A. Dickey have said while the Mets are listening to offers, the Mets still prefer to sign Dickey.
Stark says the Mets are lining up trade possibilities in the event their talks fall apart with Dickey.
Michael Baron, ContributorThat's pretty much in-line with what Jeff Wilpon said yesterday in Far Rockaway. From a business perspective, I understand the need to setup fallback options, although the mere discussion of them makes me feel nervous they think they can't get a deal done with Dickey.
Previous updates and information on R.A. Dickey...
Contract: The Mets exercised their $5 million option for Dickey for 2013. He can become a free agent after next season.
Stats: Dickey went 20-6 with a 2.73 ERA, having allowed 192 hits and 54 walks with 230 strikeouts in 233 2/3 innings. He became the first Met to win 20 games since Frank Viola in 1990, and won the 2012 National League Cy Young Award.
- Nov. 17, 2012: Buster Olney of ESPN says that if Dickey were to agree to a two-year extension for 2014-2015, he wants more than $10 million per year.
- Nov. 17, 2012: Andy Martino of the Daily News says the Mets offered Dickey a two-year contract two weeks ago and the two sides have been negotiating since. The Mets know Dickey will take a two-year contract worth less than the two-year, $29 million contract Jake Peavy signed with the White Sox.
- Nov. 16, 2012: MetsBlog's Matthew Cerrone said, "The Mets are likely offering him a two-year deal," probably around $10 to $12 million a year, though Dickey is said to be seeking at least three guaranteed years to start after 2013.
- Nov. 8, 2012: Ken Rosenthal of FOX Sports said the Mets are not showing much interest in signing a new deal with Dickey, and instead are discussing him with possible trade partners.
- Nov. 8, 2012: CBSSports.com's Jon Heyman believes the Mets are seeking both a catcher and an outfielder in talks for Dickey.
- Nov. 8, 2012: The New York Post's Joel Sherman says the Mets are beginning to gauge Dickey's value on the trade market at the GM Meetings and will weigh their findings against keeping him through 2013 and not signing him to an extension. The Mets remain conflicted as to how to deal with Dickey's contract situation, Sherman concludes.


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Body Tech® Jock Thong
Select Color:color
Select Size:size
Select Quantity
- Men's thong underwear
- Men's mesh underwear made from cotton/spandex jersey; nylon/spandex mesh
- Machine wash
- Imported
Play it cool in this unique men's thong from Body Tech, made from a cotton stretch knit with airy mesh panels and athletic contrast stripes. Sexy and sporty, the Body Tech Jock men's thong offers a tease of skin on the sides and back while keeping your most important assets covered. The Body Tech Jock Thong for men also features a double-layer contour pouch that supports and shapes your package for comfort and impact. No-show covered elastic waistband.


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Jonah Hill dating actress Isabelle McNally
"The Wolf Of Wall Street" actor Jonah Hill is reportedly dating American actress Isabelle Mcnally.
The speculation of a new romance was first sparked when Hill was photographed enjoying a date with MCNally in September 2013.
"It's been going on longer than that, (a) few more months," Us Weekly magazine quoted a source as saying.
On Dec 30, 2013, the duo was caught indulging in some public display of affection while shopping.
Hill has previously dated Dustin Hoffman's daughter, Ali, but they called off their romance in September 2012. Before that, he dated high school sweetheart Jordan Klein for several years before they called it quits in October 2011.
(Posted on 11-01-2014)