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Offers outdoor skills workshops to women throughout North America. Skills for hunting and shooting, fishing, and non-harvest sports likecanoeing and camping are taught.
This traveling rod-building seminar includes a banquet and a souvenir program.
Educational Recreational Adventures teaches environmental education, science, and outdoor skills (fly fishing, canoeing, kayaking, cross-country skiing, backpacking, aquatic education,wildlife studies,...) to people of all ages.
The flagship youth education program of the Future Fisherman Foundation. HOFNOD uses angling skill development as a gateway to teach youth about the benefits of a healthy lifestyle and how to deal with the challenges facing them in their young lives. The HOFNOD network includes trained aquatic education professionals in over 30 states with literally thousands of programs nationwide. Connect with a HOFNOD coordinator near you and help America's youth get Hooked on Fishing and Not On Drugs!
Educational fishing programs for-
1-Fly Fishing
2-Center Pin Fishing
3-Bait Caster Fishing
4-Open Face Reel Fishing
5-How to Read Water
6-Children Fishing Programs 4-10yrs old where these ages fish for trophies & ribbons...
7-Children Fishing Programs 11-17yrs old where these ages fish for college scholarship money...
8-Drift Boat Fishing Trips
9-Hiking Fishing Trips
10-Members only Tournaments
11-5 star Exotic Vacation for Most Successful Charter for Season...
12-Whole Sale Fishing Store...
A curriculum and equipment package designed to teach fly-fishing in Physical Education. We assist teachers in the completion of Federal Fishing Grant Applications and can equip your whole program.
This free in-school program by The Bass Federation provides an educational look at today's world of fishing. See how items like math, science and language arts are used by professional anglers' everyday! Talk to a teacher, advisor or principle and have them apply for this TBF program for your school.
The longest-running, most comprehensive, fly fishing school in the United States. Run by all-volunteer staff of certified and master instructors, the Michigan Council of Trout Unlimited Fly-fishing School takes place over 3 days near Traverse City, Michigan, and includes casting, landing fish, knots, bugs, fly-tying, reading the water, etiquette and more.
All levels covered (beginner, intermediate, advanced). Age 12 and up.
©2015 RBFF. All Rights Reserved


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The immigration debate has been dominating the headlines again this week. Yesterday thousands of demonstrators took to the streets across the nation to pressure members of Congress to move forward on immigration reform. And there are roughly 11 million undocumented immigrants who are likely to be hanging on Congress's every word. Among them, a 52-year-old Mexican national named Rosi, who is living a low-profile existence with her husband in the Portland area. Tom Porter has her story, in the second of a two-part series on immigrants living illegally in Maine.
Speaking through an interpreter, Rosi explains that she and her husband came to the U.S. back in 2007 - and never left. "And the reason I left Mexico was because we were going through a very difficult situation," she says.
That situation, she says, arose from the fact that her husband - an auto mechanic - was being pressured by local drug traffickers to adapt a number of cars to smuggle drugs across the border. He refused. And then the threats started. "They put a pistol up to his head," Rosi says.
On another occasion, she says, when the drug traffickers came to visit her husband, they lifted up the trunk of their car and showed him the body of a dead man. "And they threatened him, and they said, 'If you talk about us or you denounce us then you're going to be just like that man in the trunk.'"
Soon afterwards, Rosi and her husband left for Houston, Texas on a tourist visa for what she thought was a short trip to buy a new car. When they got there, he told her it was a one-way trip.
Rosi weeps as she recounts the story. "When we got ho Houston my husband told me we're not going back, because if we do they're going to kill me."
Rosi says they had to leave behind their house, most of their belongings and their pets. Soon after arriving in the U.S. they made their way to Maine, because they heard there was work available for undocumented immigrants. Rosi and her husband share an apartment with another immigrant family.
They get by doing casual work, she says. But it's tough. "It's really difficult when you don't have documents, because they exploit you a lot and they humiliate you," she says.
Rosi says she lives in constant fear of being deported, and prays every morning to be invisible. Because Rosi and her husband feel their lives would be in danger back in Mexico, they could apply for asylum. But she says she's reluctact to do that because although the asylum process is meant to preserve the anonymity of the applicant, she's still worried it will draw attention to her and her husband and put their lives in danger from Mexican drug gangs.
It's also lengthy process. "In the immigration courts they're currently scheduling asylum hearings into 2015, so it's several years,' says Noel Young, an attorney with the Maine Immigrant Legal Advovcacy Project. If an asylum appeal fails of course, the applicant can then be deported.
Although there are no data available, Young says she has heard anecdotally of many undocumented immigrants who are reluctant to apply for asylum for this reason.
"If they're not bringing themselves to the attention of the U.S. authorities then maybe that's a better chance than taking a risk with applying for some form of release," Young says.
The stories of undocumented immigrants like Rosi highlight the fact that many of them have come here legally but chose to stay on illegally. For Bob Dane, this is a problem.
"Visa overstayers are a huge part of illegal immigration. It comprises about 40 percent of all illegal immigrants," he says. "We need in the United States a better entry and exit system. Visibly absent right now is a credible exit system."
Dane is spokesman for the Federation of American Immigration Reform, a conservative advocacy group which strongly opposes the immigration reform bill currently before the Senate.
"It does grant amnesty to those who have broken the laws," he says. "It will flood the economy with millions of immigrants looking for jobs that American workers desprately need."
Dane acknowledges, however, that the fact that both the U.S. Chamber of Commerce and the country's largest labor union federation - the AFL-CIO - are behind the proposal, will make it harder to defeat than previous immigration reform efforts.
In the meantime, Rosi is hoping for a way out of the situation she and her husband are in. "I want to be able to have the privileges of a citizen and not have to leave the house and live in fear," she says.
The immigration reform bill proposal is likely to take months to reach a resolution - if it gets through Senate intact.


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Hammer Nutrition
- 11 Items
- 11 Items
For over a decade, Hammer Gel has been the benchmark of concentrated carbohydrate energy, primarily because of what it doesn't contain. Hammer Gel has no added refined, simple sugars and artificial colors or sweeteners. Choose either single-serving pouches or the cost-effective jugs for even, reliable energy, not the "flash and crash" of sugar-loaded products. You get only what's good for you: complex carbohydrates, natural ingredients, and real fruit. The result is a great tasting concentrated fuel source that goes down and digests easier than any other energy gel. Hammer Gel is versatile as well you can drink it straight, add it to your water bottle, or combine it with Sustained Energy, HEED, and Perpeteum to create a variety of tasty energy combinations for any length activity, anywhere, anytime.
The products in the Hammer Nutrition category have an average rating of 4.5 of 5 from 16 customer reviews.


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Diversified Consumer Services
Company Overview of Illinois Institute of Technology
BOARD MEMBERS AFFILIATED WITH Theodore E. Hanson *
*Data is at least as current as the most recent Definitive Proxy.
MOST CONNECTED PEOPLE TO Theodore E. Hanson
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Tuition & Fees
Drop for Non Payment will not be enforced for the Summer 2015 semester.
Drop for Non Payment Will Be Enforced
Fall 2015
Enrollment fee per semester unit: $46.00
Residency is established by physical presence in California for One year and one day prior to the first day of instruction, and evidence of intent to make California your permanent residence.
Tuition Fee Increase: Effective for the Summer 2014 semester, tuition fee changes from the current $203 to $211 per unit.
Tuition fee per semester unit: $211 + $46.00 enrollment fee per unit.
Capital outlay fee: $7 per unit.
NOTE: Reduced Fees Under AB540:
As a nonresident you may be eligible to pay the $46 per unit fees just like California residents.
AB540 is a state law that exempts certain students who are not residents of California from paying non-resident tuition at California Community Colleges and California State Universities.
Students are eligible who meet all of the following requirements:
- You attended a California high school for three or more years.
- You graduated from a California high school or attained the equivalent of a high school diploma from California (e.g., GED or California Proficiency Exam).
- You registered in Spring 2002 or later.
- You completed a California Nonresident Tuition Exemption Request form.
Complete a California Nonresident Tuition Exemption Request
City College will determine your eligibility.
Tuition Fee Increase: Effective for the Summer 2014 semester, tuition fee changes from the current $203 to $211 per unit.
Tuition fee per semester unit: $211 + $46.00 enrollment fee
per unit.
Capital outlay fee: $7 per unit.
Student Health Fee (all students): $17.00 (Summer Semester $14.00) (Mandatory)
NOTE: Students who qualify in the following categories will be exempted from payment of the health fee:
- Students who depend exclusively upon prayer for healing in accordance with the teachings of bona fide religious sect, denomination, or organization. (Documentation required.)
- Students who are attending college under an approved apprenticeship training program.
Student Activities Fee: $5 (Optional) (No Student
Activities Fee for Summer)
Student Representative Fee: $1.00 (Optional) (No Student Representative Fees for Summer)
Web4 User Fee: One-time $3.00 fee per semester
Note: Web4 will assess a $3.00 user fee per semester. Students may also choose to register during the Open / In Person Registration Period to avoid paying the user fee(see registration calendar) There is no user fee during ADD/DROP Period.
Return Check Charge: $10.00 fee per check returned.
Additional Instructional Materials: Students are expected to
purchase textbooks, lab books, workbooks, pens, pencils and paper. In
addition, some courses, students are expected to provide tools,
equipment, clothing, materials, or to purchase additional materials.
All course that are assessed a material fee are identified in the
class schedule with the indication of the amount assesssed below the
course title. An estimate of the cost of additional materials or fees
for any class may be obtained from the appropriate department or


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By, Adam K. Fetterman
The so called "Ground Zero Mosque" has stirred a quite a bit of debate in the recent months. False accusations, hyperbole, and real concerns have been voiced from every corner of the nation, as well as violence and a planned Koran burning. What people are upset about is that by building this Muslim cultural center near the site of the 9/11 attacks, Muslims are spitting in the face of the US. Unfortunately, a point that many people miss is that American Muslims were also victims of the attacks on 9/11, as they are Americans. While many American Muslims greatly condemn terrorism and embrace interfaith communities, they still wonder if they will ever belong. According to Laurie Goodstein, these feelings are stronger than ever. In regards to the cultural center near ground zero, it is likely that the opponents see it as a conflicting symbol to the national symbol of ground-zero, which is leading to the greater division of the real or imagined ingroup and outgroup.
According to Butz (2009), national symbols increase national identification and promote unity "at an unconscious level", which can lead to increased outgroup hostility. Specifically, he states that these symbols may "tighten the boundaries drawn between ingroups and outgroups" (p. 786). After the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Centers, the site of this tragedy has become like a national symbol. Since these attacks happened at the hands of Muslim extremists, the line that this specific national symbol has unfortunately seemed to have drawn is one between Muslims and the United States. However, it would be helpful, and possibly promote a bit more unity, if those that view this site as a national symbol would recognize that Muslims are a part of this nation as well. And, as Americans, they have the same feelings of national identification.
'American Muslims Ask, Will We Ever Belong?' By, Laurie Goodstein – New York Times
'N.Y. man charged with stabbing cab driver for being Muslim' – USA Today
'Florida Christian church to burn Koran with protection of a Christian militia' – Tampa Bay Examiner
Butz D. A. (2009). National symbols as agents of psychological and social change. Political Psychology, 30, 779–804.


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Well I figured since I was using a RH beta, I might as well try out an alpha office suite. ;D
OpenOffice build 638. You can take a nap waiting for it too load. :-/ But then I'm sure it hasn't been optimized yet this is only a snapshot. The desktop interface is now gone. ;D It starts up in StarWriter now, I don't see a way to pick what you want it to startup in. They should do something like KOffice's Workspace. The font display looks to be very much improved. ;D It has crashed and burned a few times, but I had one error on install this might be causing some of the problem, haven't looked into it yet and it isn't claimed to be stable or usuable. The are no help docs installed with it yet. Overall though it looks like it will be much improved over SO 5.2. Seems to use alot less memory for sure.


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The Fabric of the Cosmos: Space, Time, and the Texture of Realityby Brian Greene
Staff Pick
Using Simpsons and X-Files examples, Brian Greene explains our current understanding of the universe. Whereas The Elegant Universe was primarily about the obscure, largely theoretical world of susperstring theory, Fabric of the Cosmos holds to more solid ground. Greene is a good communicator and illustrates complex issues well. Folks wanting to learn more about relativity, quantum mechanics, and the main points of string theory should find this a good starting point.
Using Simpsons and X-Files examples, Brian Greene explains our current understanding of the universe. Whereas The Elegant Universe was primarily about the obscure, largely theoretical world of susperstring theory, Fabric of the Cosmos holds to more solid ground. Greene is a good communicator and illustrates complex issues well. Folks wanting to learn more about relativity, quantum mechanics, and the main points of string theory should find this a good starting point.
Synopses & Reviews
Publisher Comments:
From Brian Greene, one of the world's leading physicists, comes a grand tour of the universe that makes us look at reality in a completely different way.
Space and time form the very fabric of the cosmos. Yet they remain among the most mysterious of concepts. Is space an entity? Why does time have a direction? Could the universe exist without space and time? Can we travel to the past?
Greene uses these questions to guide us toward modern science's new and deeper understanding of the universe. From Newton's unchanging realm in which space and time are absolute, to Einstein's fluid conception of spacetime, to quantum mechanics' entangled arena where vastly distant objects can bridge their spatial separation to instantaneously coordinate their behavior or even undergo teleportation, Greene reveals our world to be very different from what common experience leads us to believe. Focusing on the enigma of time, Greene establishes that nothing in the laws of physics insists that it run in any particular direction and that "time's arrow" is a relic of the universe's condition at the moment of the big bang. And in explaining the big bang itself, Greene shows how recent cutting-edge developments in superstring and M-theory may reconcile the behavior of everything from the smallest particle to the largest black hole. This startling vision culminates in a vibrant eleven-dimensional "multiverse," pulsating with ever-changing textures, where space and time themselves may dissolve into subtler, more fundamental entities.
Sparked by the trademark wit, humor, and brilliant use of analogy that have made The Elegant Universe a modern classic, Brian Greene takes us all, regardless of our scientific backgrounds, on an irresistible and revelatory journey to the new layers of reality that modern physics has discovered lying just beneath the surface of our everyday world.
"This is popular science writing of the highest order...Greene [has an] unparalleled ability to translate higher mathematics into everyday language and images, through the adept use of metaphor and analogy, and crisp, witty prose...He not only makes concepts clear, but explains why they matter." Publishers Weekly (Starred Review)
"[Greene's] excitement for science on the threshold of vital breakthroughs is supremely contagious. The Fabric of the Cosmos is as dazzling as it is tough, and it beautifully reflects this theoretician's ardor for his work." The New York Times
"Nonspecialists will relish this exhilarating foray into the alien terrain that is our own universe." Booklist (Starred Review)
"The best exposition and explanation of early 21st-century research into the fundamental nature of the universe as you are likely to find anywhere." Science
"Perhaps the single best explainer of abstruse science in the world today....Greene has a gift for finding the right metaphor." The Washington Post
"I recommend Greene?s book to any nonexpert reader who wants an up-to-date account of theoretical physics, written in colloquial language that anyone can understand." Freeman Dyson, The New York Review of Books
"As pure intellectual adventure, this is about as good as it gets....Even compared with A Brief History of Time, Greene's book stands out for its sweeping ambition...stripping down the mystery from difficult concepts without watering down the science." Newsday
"Greene is as elegant as ever, cutting through the fog of complexity with insight and clarity. Space and time, you might even say, become putty in his hands." Los Angeles Times
"Highly informed, lucid and witty....There is simply no better introduction to the strange wonders of general relativity and quantum mechanics, the fields of knowledge essential for any real understanding of space and time." Discover
One of our foremost thinkers and public intellectuals offers a radical new view of the nature of time, and explores its implications for everything from physics and cosmology to economics and climate change.
From one of our foremost thinkers and public intellectuals, a radical new view of the nature of time and the cosmos
What is time?
This deceptively simple question is the single most important problem facing science as we probe more deeply into the fundamentals of the universe. All of the mysteries physicists and cosmologists faceand#8212;from the Big Bang to the future of the universe, from the puzzles of quantum physics to the unification of forces and particlesand#8212;come down to the nature of time.
The fact that time is real may seem obvious. You experience it passing every day when you watch clocks tick, bread toast, and children grow. But most physicists, from Newton to Einstein to todayand#8217;s quantum theorists, have seen things differently. The scientific case for time being an illusion is formidable. That is why the consequences of adopting the view that time is real are revolutionary.
Lee Smolin, author of the controversial bestseller The Trouble with Physics, argues that a limited notion of time is holding physics back. Itand#8217;s time for a major revolution in scientific thought. The reality of time could be the key to the next big breakthrough in theoretical physics.
What if the laws of physics themselves were not timeless? What if they could evolve? Time Reborn offers a radical new approach to cosmology that embraces the reality of time and opens up a whole new universe of possibilities. There are few ideas that, like our notion of time, shape our thinking about literally everything, with huge implications for physics and beyondand#8212;from climate change to the economic crisis. Smolin explains in lively and lucid prose how the true nature of time impacts our world.
From Brian Greene, one of the world's leading physicists and author the Pulitzer Prize finalist The Elegant Universe, comes a grand tour of the universe that makes us look at reality in a completely different way.
Space and time form the very fabric of the cosmos. Yet they remain among the most mysterious of concepts. Is space an entity? Why does time have a direction? Could the universe exist without space and time? Can we travel to the past? Greene has set himself a daunting task: to explain non-intuitive, mathematical concepts like String Theory, the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, and Inflationary Cosmology with analogies drawn from common experience. From Newton's unchanging realm in which space and time are absolute, to Einstein's fluid conception of spacetime, to quantum mechanics' entangled arena where vastly distant objects can instantaneously coordinate their behavior, Greene takes us all, regardless of our scientific backgrounds, on an irresistible and revelatory journey to the new layers of reality that modern physics has discovered lying just beneath the surface of our everyday world.
About the Author
Brian Greene received his undergraduate degree from Harvard University and his doctorate from Oxford University, where he was a Rhodes Scholar. He joined the physics faculty of Cornell University in 1990, was appointed to a full professorship in 1995, and in 1996 joined Columbia University where he is professor of physics and mathematics. He has lectured at both a general and a technical level in more than twenty-five countries and is widely regarded for a number of groundbreaking discoveries in superstring theory. He lives in Andes, New York, and New York City.
Table of Contents
Part I
Weight: The Expulsion of Time
and#160;and#160;and#160;2.and#160;and#160;and#160;The Disappearance of Timeand#8195;12
and#160;and#160;and#160;3.and#160;and#160;and#160;A Game of Catchand#8195;25
and#160;and#160;and#160;4.and#160;and#160;and#160;Doing Physics in a Boxand#8195;37
and#160;and#160;and#160;5.and#160;and#160;and#160;The Expulsion of Novelty and Surpriseand#8195;46
and#160;and#160;and#160;6.and#160;and#160;and#160;Relativity and Timelessnessand#8195;54
and#160;and#160;and#160;7.and#160;and#160;and#160;Quantum Cosmology and the End of Timeand#8195;76
Part II
Light: Time Reborn
and#160;and#160;and#160;and#160;and#160;and#160;Interlude: Einsteinand#8217;s Discontentand#8195;93
and#160;and#160;and#160;8.and#160;and#160;and#160;The Cosmological Fallacyand#8195;97
and#160;and#160;and#160;9.and#160;and#160;and#160;The Cosmological Challengeand#8195;105
and#160;and#160;and#160;10.and#160;and#160;and#160;Principles for a New Cosmologyand#8195;116
and#160;and#160;and#160;11.and#160;and#160;and#160;The Evolution of Lawsand#8195;125
and#160;and#160;and#160;12.and#160;and#160;and#160;Quantum Mechanics and the Liberation of the Atomand#8195;142
and#160;and#160;and#160;13.and#160;and#160;and#160;The Battle Between Relativity and the Quantumand#8195;156
and#160;and#160;and#160;14.and#160;and#160;and#160;Time Reborn from Relativityand#8195;166
and#160;and#160;and#160;15.and#160;and#160;and#160;The Emergence of Spaceand#8195;174
and#160;and#160;and#160;16.and#160;and#160;and#160;The Life and Death of the Universeand#8195;188
and#160;and#160;and#160;17.and#160;and#160;and#160;Time Reborn from Heat and Lightand#8195;195
and#160;and#160;and#160;18.and#160;and#160;and#160;Infinite Space or Infinite Time?and#8195;215
and#160;and#160;and#160;19.and#160;and#160;and#160;The Future of Timeand#8195;229
Epilogue: Thinking in Timeand#8195;254
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Ditch dark colours for yellow dress
Add a dose of sunshine to your winter wardrobe with a bright and bold canary dress.
At this time of the year, women often think of slipping into an all-black palette clothes. But one really needs to brighten up the wardrobe.
Designed by Zac Posen, the structured fit and bodice of a canary dress is perfect for accentuating your waist while giving boost to your bust. A fish tail silhouette is a classic red carpet style, reports dailymail.co.uk.
Chic bob and red lipstick will perfectly complete the look.
So get set to bring some summer sunshine to your winter wardrobe.
(Posted on 13-01-2014)


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As this moose cavorts in the marsh below the forest he demonstrates that meteorological and hydrological droughts are different. The trees that have died relied largely on regular snowfall to keep them hydrated and resistant to pine beetles. Hydrologically there is still a lot of water to be had.
The impact dead trees in the forest due to drought and disease can have on recreation is immeasurable. The people on the four wheelers ride through a stand that has been decimated by the drought. Forests like this are likely to get less visitation. That can hurt the local economy.
A drought is a drought is a drought is a drought....
Or so most people think.
It would seem that drought means a lack of water or precipitation. But when the University of Nebraska researchers Donald A. Wilhite and Mark D. Svoboda did studies on how droughts are classified a few years ago, they found more than 150 definitions of drought.
The reason for that is the perception we each have about our relationship to our environment. A farmer in the mid-west who relies on rain for soil moisture to germinate his corn or grain seed may see a real problem when the water in the soil is not enough to do so properly. Thus he may have a very reduced harvest or even none at all.
The person living in the small town just up the road from his farm may realize that the rains had not come on as strong that same spring or that the winter snows were not as deep, but as long as they have water to drink and water to wet their lawn, there is no drought.
That drought for the farmer only impacts the town dweller when the two meet in the market of economics. If the farmer's harvest is poor, he may not have enough feedstock for his cattle so he may reduce his herd. At first the town dweller gets a low price on hamburger at the supermarket because of this glut of meat on the market. But later the price may go way up because there is no meat on the market once the farmer has sold off everything. In addition, the farmer may quit farming and the obvious result is no production that year or in the future either.
The explanation is simplistic but the basic idea is true. People see drought only when it affects their lives.
The National Drought Mitigation Center says that droughts should be classified in different ways, although they are all interrelated. They say that all droughts are either meteorological, hydrological, agricultural, or socioeconomic. They didn't define it as only one but as a mixture of the four ways of definition. Meteorological, hydrological and agricultural droughts are ways to measure the lack of moisture, precipitation and water. The socioeconomic drought measures what happens to goods and services because of a lack of water.
Meteorological droughts are based on dryness in a place or region as compared to what has normally taken place in the past. So a place that normally gets 80 inches of rain a year, but only gets 40 in some years is said to be in a drought, despite the fact this may seem to be a lot of water for someone from eastern Utah where 40 inches a year would be a flood.
This type of drought is measured against normals: amount of water in a certain time period, how many days it goes without raining or how much less water falls within that time period. For instance, the time between rainstorms on the big island of Hawaii would be very different from how many storms an area such as Carbon County would get almost any time of the year. The monsoon that hits eastern Utah almost every July and August seems wet to the residents of the area, but by Hawaiian standards it would be a drop in the bucket.
Next is the hydrological drought. This kind of drought concerns itself with more than what is falling out of the sky today or tomorrow. It measures some of the moisture in this way, but also looks at water tables, reservoir storage, stream flow and snow pack in areas that feed streams. It is figured on both the surface water available and what is in underground aquifers. Rather than an area or a region, it usually considers a watershed such as a river basin or a drainage in its definition of whether there is enough water. Often hydrological drought is not in sync exactly with meteorological drought.
What this means is what the eastern Utah area experienced last year and somewhat this year. Two winters ago was a very heavy winter in the mountains. Reservoirs filled up, ground moisture was high and aquifers became somewhat replenished. Last year was dry by meteorologic standard, but because of these reserves, water was normally available for municipal/ industrial and agricultural use.
This past winter was not much better in terms of moisture. There was more snow in the Castle Country valleys than the year before, but snow in the high country was deficient. Much of what melted in the spring went to replenishing soil moisture where it fell in the form of snow. Consequently stream flow was low in most places and the reservoirs did not fill up like the season before. Impacts are starting to be felt, but still are not what they could be unless the meteorological drought continues. Since storage systems are owned and managed by many competing kinds of users, as the weather stays dry, the competition for what remains, becomes greater. This is when the house of cards starts to come down and it usually impacts agriculture first and then the rest of the users.
Agricultural drought comes when there is not enough moisture to start crops or to continue them to flourish during growing season. Obviously the basis for any strong plant whether it be alfalfa or a tree is proper nourishment and moisture when the plant begins to grow. This being said, however, if there is some rain in the spring when a plant starts to grow (despite overall meteorological and hydrological drought) the plant will get a good start. However if halfway during the growing season, moisture is curtailed or stopped, the plant will either wither and die or it will produce much less yield than it would in a good year.
The affect on agriculture depends on many factors including the soil a plant is growing in, the actual amount of natural precipitation, evapotranspiration, overall weather conditions (hot or cool) the biology of the plant that is being grown along with that stage of growth it is in when water is less readily available.
For instance, farmers in the area almost always get three crops of alfalfa off their fields and if the weather holds and is right sometimes four. But in a year when the drought is hard both from a weather standpoint and a storage of water viewpoint, water deliveries may be curtailed either partially or completely. In this case one or even two crops (or even more) could be lost. If the deficiency comes early to the crop, the yield could also be much lower. This is just one instance of where the idea of socioeconomic drought would meet the other three.
Socioeconomic drought comes when the water supply (in many or all forms) curtails the direct economic well being of an area. In this case it could mean a loss of income to those in agriculture or manufacturing. This could result in loss of money to spend in a community and the loss of or reduction in employment.
It could mean the curtailment of some services such as car washes or even recreation such as golf because fairways and greens dry up. It could curtail power generation. Restrictions on water use can mean a loss of income to water companies which rely on amounts billed to customers to make them solvent. The reduction could even mean less recreation such as fishing and water sports in lakes or reservoirs that are very low. Forage for game animals could also be affected reducing their populations and therefore their predators populations.
One shouldn't also forget what can happen when large areas of land are dry. Wildfires can occur that are both devastating to the natural growth and human structures as well. And the costs to fight fires can be extreme.
And because of that, all these lacks in a local economy affects tourism and recreation as well. If people can't play in an area that depends on recreation, they will not come.
Except in terms of a meterological drought, none of these definitions can stand alone. They all begin in one way or another with the weather, and what mother nature provides as moisture to an area. And when water is lacking everyone can be hurt either indirectly or directly.
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PEX Tubing from HeatLink, Safelink and HousePEX - PEX Accessories for 5/8 Inch PEX Pipe
PEX Radiant Supplies for 5/8 inch PEX Tubing - such as Brass Fittings, Foil Insulation, Radiant Manifolds, Pex tubing, Uncoilers, PEX Tube Tools and more. 5/8 inch PEX Tubing allows you to run longer loops than 1/2 inch pex pipe. Loops for 5/8 Inch PEX should not be over 400 feet and is generally used for commercial spaces or other large infloor (Slab) installations.
For other hydronic heating supply needs try our hydronic heating supply section.
20 Products


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Science Friday® is produced by the Science Friday Initiative, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization.
Science Friday® and SciFri® are registered service marks of Science Friday, Inc. Site design by Pentagram; engineering by Mediapolis.
|In his new book The Big Roads: The Untold Story of the Engineers, Visionaries, and Trailblazers Who Created the American Superhighways writer Earl Swift looks at the history and people behind the world's largest public works project-- the U.S. interstate superhighway system.


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WAECO is associated worldwide with expertise in mobile refrigeration and automotive air conditioning. It also stands for electronic comfort and safety car accessories. WAECO has a strong position in the aftermarket for cars, trucks, recreation vehicles and boats.
Cool-Ice Rotomoulded Iceboxes are lightweight, easy to handle and available in a variety of sizes to suit your needs.
An alternative power source for charging batteries featuring a compact, portable and lightweight design.
Operating on gas, 12 or 240 volts, the 3-way absorption fridge/freezers can be adjusted to suit your requirements, perfect for your next escape.
With extreme cooling performance, very low power draw and rugged features, WAECO CFX leaves the competition behind.
View our Camping catalogue which includes the CFX fridge/freezer range, Cool-Ice iceboxes and more.
View the extensive Dometic – WAECO product range available for 2014. Complete with basic specifications and RRP.


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PhD Outdoor Light Crew Sock Closeout (Women's) (out-of-stock)
Out of Stock Product Number: 20919
Smartwool's light half-cushioned PhD Outdoor Light Crew for women is Smartwool's most versatile outdoor sock. Merino wool next to your skin controls moisture, temperature and odor.
* This product does not qualify for shipping to all countries.
- Wool on wool technology
- 4-Degree Fit system
- Science and SmartWool PhD
- Super warm and comfy
- No stink socks!
Gender: Women's
Material: 76% Merino Wool, 23% Nylon, 1% Elastane
Fit: Crew height
Season: F11 S12
Vendor ProductId: SW335
Review ProductId: 20919


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