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HmmmFirst get platinum wireThen, in order to get a Fancee Feast can you'll have to get a cat - I have several, maybe I can send you oneMaybe take your platinum wire and wind it around a rod multiple times to increase surface area in small volume
Jerry, be sure to include a wire form of protection around the coil of wire.
According to the ebay ad I bought pure platinum thermocouple wire, though the ad was thin on details. Standard high temp thermocouples use a pure platinum wire with a platinum alloy wire to form the junction. I'll find out when I get it.I couldn't find plane wire on Omega's site... do you have a link? If they are selling single strand uninsulated wire they should be offering pure platinum as an option.
http://www.omega.com/pptst/SPPL.htmlThis is the link for the platinum thermocouple wire I saw. According to the TC color coding chart pure platinum is frequently not used for thermocouples. It's commonly platinum / Rhodium alloy with the percentage of Rhodium the only difference betweeen the + and - sides. Platinum and Rhodium are both nobel metals and both are used as catalysts. I also learned over the weekend that platinum will cause a reactio with methonal, ethanol, and isopropanol alcahols. However from my reading I get the impression the methonal reactio is the fastest while ethanol and propanol are slower. Unfortunately platinum will not light butane and propane at room temperature.
Edited by Surf on 01/29/2013 14:18:41 MST.
http://www.omega.com/pptst/SPPL.htmlAs far as I can tell, your link is for pure platinum wire for use as the negative terminal in type R and S thermocouples. I am pretty sure the stuff I bought off ebay is equivalent to omega part number sppl-003. Am I confused about something?
Ok, I move pretty slow in MYOG, but I finally got around to trying out the platinum thermocouple wire in a MYOG catalytic stove lighter. It was a big failure. I saw no evidence that the wire was heating up when exposed to the Methanol.Here is what I did in incompetent detail:1) Acquired materials: I bought surplus laboratory platinum thermocouple wire from ebay (10 inches of 0.003" dia wire for $1.75/inch). I bought a couple bottles of "HEET" from an autoparts store. I didn't even have an alcohol stove before I started, so I got an empty cat food can from my neighbor.2) Make a fancee feast stove: I had a cheap hole punch laying around that you can rotate different size holes into position. I knew it wasn't the best hole punch to use, but it had a nice reach and I had it in my possession. Went to punch the first hole and it shattered.3) Acquire new hole punch: Picked up a heavier duty hole punch at Joanne Fabrics. It is the same one that Skurka recommends on his MYOG fancee feast blog post.4) Make a fancee feast stove attempt #2: Went pretty smoothly and heated up a pot of water pretty easily with methanol "HEET" as a fuel.5) Make the catalytic electrode: I wrapped the wire around the shaft of a 3/32" drill bit to make a nice tight coil. I probably used about 2" of the wire.6) Burn off the impurities: They say pretty explicitly for these lighters that you need to burn off any impurities (such as dirt or oils) that may have collected on the outside of the electrode). I fired up the alcohol stove again, picked up the platinum coil with a pair of tweezers and held it under the flame for a little while.7) Test: When the stove burned out, I added some more methanol back in, took the coil by the tweezers, and waved it around above the methanol. I tried various locations. I tried burning off the impurities again, but nothing seem to happen. I saw no indication that the coil was getting hot much less igniting the methanol.Closing thoughts: My guess is that either the wire I got isn't pure platinum (but everything I have read seems to indicate that it is) or these catalytic lighters use something other than pure platinum. I plan on doing some more research on catalytic reactions to see if I should be using something else. Anyone else have any ideas?
Edited by bzhayes on 02/19/2013 11:03:06 MST.
Use a small diameter tube 1/2" larger than your coil. Have it 1" deep. Put in 2ml of HEET in yellow bottle. Place platinum coil 1/2" down into tube to see if it glows.
I think that is probably a good idea (did you ever try to light a fancee feast stove with your catalyst?). I have done some more research on this. The catalytic reaction is methanol (CH3OH) in the presence of platinum (Pt) decomposes into formaldehyde (CH2O) and hydrogen (H2). In that regards, the oxygen fouls the catalytic reaction. Re-examining the lighter, you dip the platinum into the barrel where it is completely surrounded by methanol gas. This heats up the wire (and produces H2 which is very! combustible) but since there is no oxygen, combustion does not occur. As you pull the, now hot, catalyst out you transition through a zone of optimal oxygen/methanol/hydrogen mixture for combustion and the lighter lights up. A more confined space might be necessary to start the reaction.I also think the thickness of the wire is an important factor. You need a high surface area to volume ratio (which means the thinner the wire the better). The reaction starts very slowly at room temperature. The small amount of heat produced needs to warm up the wire. The thicker the wire, the higher its thermal capacity is and the less it will warm up. I am using pretty darn thin wire (0.003"), but maybe it is still too thick. I might have to get some 0.001" wire.I found this great video on youtube: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FSdBB1vBDKYNotice he has to heat the wire up first, I believe that is because the wire is too thick to start at room temperature. Also, notice that as more oxygen diffuses into the Erlenmeyer flask the brightness of the wire goes down. And when combustion occurs, the wire stops glowing completely. That indicates to me that oxygen fouls the catalytic reaction.
I've been able to light a half size Fancee Feest stove. Inside diameter is 1.5" x 1.25" deep. You need to see if your wire will actually get red hot in a small environment.There is a vintage lighter that is about the size of a lipstick tube that has the wire mounted inside of it. Take the cap off and wave the container around till oxygen gets inside to mix with fuel and heat. My mother had one like that way back when. That lighter design was taken off the market because of safety reason. Cap would come off while in womens purse and cause a fire.I'll see if I can find a photo of that type.
Failed Attempt #2:I decided to give it another try last night. In order to try and kickstart the reaction I tried a more confined volume (less oxygen) and higher temperature (higher reaction rate).1) I grabbed a glass shotglass. Added a little HEET, lit it on fire with a lighter, and used the methanol flame to burn off any impurities on the wire.2) By the time the flame burned out, the shot glass was too hot to touch (and stayed hot throughout the experiment). I added some more HEET back in. I used my tweezers and brought the coil of platinum into the shot glass. I tried several locations and got nothing... no indications the wire was getting hot. I think this is pretty damning because the shot glass was so hot it had to be kicking out quite a bit of methanol vapor.3) I even tried dipping the coil in the liquid HEET. Nothing. Then I thought lets see if I get the wire hot before I expose it to the methanol (like the youtube video on the experiment). I lit the liquid on the coil on fire. It burned briefly and got red hot. As quickly as I could after the flame went out I brought it back in the shot glass. Again nothing.4) Next I tried going to a smaller container. I couldn't find anything metal or glass readily available so I grabbed the cap off a 16 oz water bottle (warning do not try this at home. You should not use a meltable container to try and contain a liquid on fire). Again nothing.5) I wanted to try adding a wick. You definitely should not use a flammable wick (much less with a plastic container) but I didn't have anything that wasn't flammable. I tore off a small piece of cardboard and stood it up in the pool of HEET. The cardboard was soon saturated in methanol. I tried various locations around the cardboard and again nothing.I am becoming more and more convinced I got ripped off by the seller on ebay. If this wire is platinum one of these experiments should have started reacting. I am thinking about buying the thinner wire from Omega.
Other than the omega wire you might want to try:1. A straight piece of wire instead of a coil. The lighter in the video used straight wire.2. The tweezers might be acting as a heat sink. If the tweezers keep the coil cold nothing will happen.3. Perhaps the drill bit you used coated the wire with iron and perhaps that blocks the reaction. If you make another coil try a tooth pick instead.
Start over. Get the .001 pure platinum.I have a few of these lighters brand new in the box that I can share for a small fee. Be the first on your trail to have one of these vintage marvels. :-)
Dan, first of all thanks for the Starlyte stove you've shipped to Israel. Got it yesterday. Looks damn good :)Now, regarding the lighter, do you think 0.005 wire would be good? I found some on ebay and wanted to order for making lighter. Also how much weigh those lighters you can sell? And how much it will cost (PM me if you want to)?Is there any problem you can think of to use this lighter with starlyte stove? Will it provide enough evaporation to start the reaction if I hold the wire close to it? Or separated container is required? I think of some design for the lighter... Need to experiment with it. Regards, Greg.
Hello Gregory. Thank you for your interest in the StarLyte and this unique lighter.I'll have to experiment to see if I can light the StarLyte with it. The lighter inside a shipping box weighs 2.5 ounces and the cost to ship is $9.45I'll send you a PM.I don't think .005 wire will get hot. Get .001 or .002 pure platinum wire.Lots of interesting archeological work going on in your country.
Greg,I wouldn't get the 0.005 stuff from ebay. I bought the 0.003 stuff from ebay (probably the same seller) and it does not seem to work at all. Either it is too thick or (I think more likely) not pure platinum.
Guys, After some math, I concluded that in order to make same ratio of external wire area to its mass for 0.005 wire, you must flatten it by factor of 2 (2.2 more precisely). In this case you will have same area/weight ratio and therefore same effect. If you flatten it further you can gain even faster reaction, but it is hard to do for such a thin wire. I think I found out how to do it. Will update later when I finish experimenting...
In order to check if that wire is really platinum:0) weigh it in a lab (I can do it)1) connect the wire to electricity (low voltage - battery?) and try to do the reaction again.2) put one end of the wire into H2SO4/HCl/HNO3 to test for platinum (I can do it)...Will report after tests.
Pounding it to size is an age old way of forming. I like the experimenting being done on this project. Keep up the good work. I'm going to ad a small cylinder of carbon felt to a Fancee Feest stove to make it work. I'll call it the "geek" stove. It will include the "Platinum Probe" I'll see if I can do a video of it today.
Coming soon: the "GEEK" STOVEPlatinum ignitor.
Intriguing... Can't wait to see it. Will you post a video of it also?
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How to: Fold a Shamrock from a Dollar Bill
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Tagged : origami, paper, dollar_bill, money, st-_patrick's_day, shamrock


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Truant / Rough Sleeper
Fresh outta Maccie D's, William Emmanuel Bevan aka Burial drops his 2nd solo EP of 2012 'pon Hyperdub. Much like his 'Kindred EP', he focuses on long-form composition with two tracks hovering around the 12 minute and 14 minute mark respectively, taking license to really stretch out into fragmented, impressionistic and cinematic scapes strafed with elements of vintage hardcore, heartbreaking vocal samples and murkiest atmospheres. Of course, you already know that, but it's great to hear him really running about as far from the club as he's ever done, leaving us with something to dance to in our bedrooms over the festive season, 'cause f*ck knows you'll want to escape inevitable repeats on the telling box.


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Football Photos
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User Guide
Local Navigation
Set theme button preferences
By default the theme buttons you create are based on the BlackBerry® device you selected for the project. You can set the size and style of the theme buttons to a different BlackBerry device than the one you selected for the project. For example, if you created a project for the BlackBerry® Bold™ 9700 smartphone, the size of the default buttons are Precision 80 x 80, but you can change the theme button preference to BlackBerry® 8700 Series where the size of the default buttons are Dimension 64 x 48. All subsequent theme buttons that you create in the project use Dimension 64 x 48 style and size.
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The Graduate Center offers more than thirty doctoral programs in the arts, humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences, including History.
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Alumnus Michael Sharpe (Political Science, 2008) published Postcolonial Citizens and Ethnic Migration: The Netherlands and Japan in the Age of Globalization (Palgrave Macmillan, 2014). Sharpe is... Read more
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Distinguished Professor André Aciman of the Ph.D. Programs in Comparative Literature and French published a memoir in a recent issue of the New Yorker. Aciman's poignant memoir, "Are You... Read more
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Distinguished Professor Michael Grossman of the Ph.D. Program in Economics and coauthors Mehmet Alper Dinçer and Neeraj Kaushal published a National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) working paper,... Read more
Ken Wissoker, editorial director of Duke University Press, will join the Graduate Center in fall 2014 as director of intellectual publics and visiting distinguished lecturer. He will develop and... Read more
Clara Vila-Castelar, a student in the Graduate Center's Ph.D. Program in Psychology, in the clinical psychology training program at Queens College, was awarded a grant from La Caixa Foundation... Read more
John A. Moyne, 93, professor emeritus of linguistics and computer science at the Graduate Center, died on February 25, 2014. A former chair of the computer science department at Queens College, he... Read more
The Graduate Center, City University of New York, announced today that Nobel laureate Paul Krugman, professor of economics and international affairs at the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and... Read more


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Generator Drive Gear
I am going to use a 12 volt generator,similar to a 29975-65A(late sportster) with a 4 spline keyed shaft on my 45 lower,does it really matter what drive gear I use ? Thanks I could use any help.
Pretty much anything not covered by the topics above. Short lived production bikes or vehicles, Electrical, Tires, Paint, Brakes, etc. Use this for tech questions, and "Shoot the Bull" for general conversation, no tech.
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Langston Hughes
News about Langston Hughes, including commentary and archival articles published in The New York Times.
Highlights from the Archives
Returning All the Works of Langston Hughes to Print
The University of Missouri Press is placing a claim on its native son by publishing for the first time the complete ''Collected Works of Langston Hughes'' in 18 volumes. The first three volumes were published in June. The entire set will be available in time for the centenary of his birth, Feb. 1, 2002.July 31, 2001 artsNews
Advice With Avocados: A Letter-Writing Friendship
Langston Hughes was 22 and Carl Van Vechten 44 when they met at a benefit party in Harlem and their unlikely friendship began.March 5, 2001 artsReview
Child's Tale About Race Has a Tale Of Its Own
In December 1934, the poet Langston Hughes went to Mexico City to wrap up the business affairs of his late father, James, only to discover that he had been disinherited. Father and son had had a difficult relationship.November 26, 1997 artsNews
Good Race Men
Best known for his poetry, Langston Hughes (1902-67) was also the author of two novels, five plays, several children's books, two autobiographies and a great deal of short fiction.September 1, 1996 artsReview
He Heard America Jiving
Langston Hughes' poems moved to blues and jazz rhythms, with which he experimented more rewardingly than any other important poet of this century.December 25, 1994 artsReview
Langston Hughes On the IRT; A Poem Arouses Many Feelings
The Transit Authority's program is called Poetry in Motion, and on this particular morning eight lines of Langston Hughes rumble along the length of the IRT No. 3 line.March 2, 1994 nyregionNews
Maya Lin to Lead Redesign of Smith College Library
The assignment would be Ms. Lin's first work on a college library, though she also designed the Langston Hughes Library in Tennessee.
April 8, 2015, Wednesday
MORE ON LANGSTON HUGHES AND: Hughes, Langston , Lin, Maya , Olmsted, Frederick Law , Central Park (Manhattan, NY) , Tennessee , Architecture , Colleges and Universities , Libraries and Librarians
Dreams Deferred and Lived
"Selected Letters of Langston Hughes" traces the writer's career from the Harlem Renaissance in the 1920s through the arrival into the American consciousness of black nationalist firebrands in the 1960s.
February 4, 2015, Wednesday
MORE ON LANGSTON HUGHES AND: Books and Literature , Hughes, Langston , Rampersad, Arnold , Selected Letters of Langston Hughes (Book) , Writing and Writers , Letters , Roessel, David
A Dance of Rivers
After nearly 40 years as a staff photographer, Chester Higgins Jr. is retiring from The New York Times. His career has often led him to photograph Africa and its diaspora with grace and affection.
December 18, 2014, Thursday
MORE ON LANGSTON HUGHES AND: Angelou, Maya , Baraka, Amiri , Dodson, Howard , Higgins, Chester Jr , Hughes, Langston , Africa , Brooklyn (NYC) , Coney Island (Brooklyn, NY) , New York Public Library , New York Times , Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture , Archives and Records , Newspapers , Photography , Poetry and Poets
Holiday Greetings From Langston Hughes, Seamus Heaney and More
The exhibition "Winter Wedding: Holiday Cards by Poets," at Poets House, features cards, valentines, rare editions and more from a variety of writers and thinkers.
December 2, 2014, Tuesday
MORE ON LANGSTON HUGHES AND: Danowski, Raymond , Heaney, Seamus , Hughes, Langston , Notley, Alice , O'Connor, Flannery , Plath, Sylvia , Young, Kevin (1970- ) , Poets House , Holidays and Special Occasions , Poetry and Poets
Anatomy of a Scene: Video of 'Black Nativity'
The director Kasi Lemmons narrates a musical sequence from her film.
November 27, 2013, Wednesday
MORE ON LANGSTON HUGHES AND: News , Hudson, Jennifer , Hughes, Langston , Lemmons, Kasi , Whitaker, Forest , Gospel Music , Movies
Christmas in Harlem, and O Come, All Ye Songs
The musical "Black Nativity," set mostly in contemporary Harlem, is directed by Kasi Lemmons.
November 27, 2013, Wednesday
MORE ON LANGSTON HUGHES AND: Bassett, Angela , Gospel Music , Hughes, Langston , Lemmons, Kasi , Black Nativity (Movie) , Movies , Christmas , Whitaker, Forest
A Director's Own Christmas Miracle
The director Kasi Lemmons has made a big-screen version of Langston Hughes's musical "Black Nativity" starring Angela Bassett and Forest Whitaker.
November 24, 2013, Sunday
MORE ON LANGSTON HUGHES AND: Lemmons, Kasi , Hudson, Jennifer , Black Nativity (Movie) , Whitaker, Forest , Movies , Hughes, Langston , Blacks
The Apollo to Present 'Ask Your Mama!'
The multimedia musical show based on work by Langston Hughes will be presented for one night on March 23.
August 14, 2012, Tuesday
MORE ON LANGSTON HUGHES AND: Hughes, Langston , Manahan, George , Norman, Jessye , Thompson, Ahmir , Apollo Theater , Manhattan School of Music Chamber Sinfonia , Music , Poetry and Poets
A Celebration of Gordon Parks at the Schomburg Center
An exhibition of photographs marks the 100th anniversary of the birth of Gordon Parks.
July 11, 2012, Wednesday
MORE ON LANGSTON HUGHES AND: Shaft (Movie) , The Learning Tree (Movie) , Anderson, Marian , Ellison, Ralph , Hughes, Langston , Malcolm X , Parks, Gordon , Streisand, Barbra , Willis, Deborah , Harlem (NYC) , Life (Magazine) , Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture , Tisch School of the Arts , Art , Blacks , Photography
The Deification of Morgan Freeman: An Incomplete Filmography
An incomplete filmography tracking the deification of Morgan Freeman.
August 26, 2011, Friday
MORE ON LANGSTON HUGHES AND: Hughes, Langston , Freeman, Morgan , Douglass, Frederick , Malcolm X , News , Movies , Central Intelligence Agency
From the Caedmon audio tape "Langston Hughes Reads From His Poetry." (6 minutes)
Copyright 1980 HarperCollins Publishers Inc./ 1962 BBC Enterprises, Ltd.
Articles About Mr. Hughes
Langston Hughes, Writer, 65, Dead (1967)
Hughes's obituary calls him the "O. Henry of Harlem."
Review of Mr. Hughes' Books
'Not Without Laughter' (1930)
'Popo and Fifina: Children of Haiti' (1932)
'The Dream Keeper and Other Poems' (1932)
'The Impact of Races' (1934)
'The Big Sea' (1940)
'Shakespeare in Harlem' (1942)
'Fields of Wonder' (1947)
'One Way Ticket' (1949)
'Simple Speaks His Mind' (1950)
'Montage of a Dream Deferred' (1951)
'Laughing to Keep from Crying' (1952)
'Simple Takes a Wife' (1953)
'Simple Stakes a Claim' (1957)
'Tambourines to Glory' (1958)
'Selected Poems of Langston Hughes,' reviewed by James Baldwin (1959)
'An African Treasury: Articles, Essays, Stories, Poems by Black Africans' (1960)
'Ask Your Mama: 12 Moods for Jazz' (1961)
'Fight for Freedom: The Story of the NAACP' (1962)
'Poems From Black Africa,' edited by Langston Hughes (1963)
'Simple's Uncle Sam' (1965)
'The Collected Poems of Langston Hughes' (1994)
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Science Friday® is produced by the Science Friday Initiative, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization.
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Last week, parts of the Middle East experienced something we've probably all heard of: a locust plague.
We may never make history, but each week we teach young women who could, particularly in the sciences.
Visible With the Naked Eye
Science Friday invites Chairman Lamar Smith to discuss technology that will track objects such as asteroids that threaten Earth.
We asked scientists from every discipline in entomology to describe the field in one word.
War of the Currents Redux: Fuel Cells vs Batteries
This week, I'm focusing on some really geeky -- I should say Benjie* -- research that caught my eye. Be ready for some gorgeous graphics and hi-tech talk.
Being different isn't easy.
Once more, lots of intriguing stories making the news this week. Here are a few of my favorites.
What better way to teach research, writing, and presentation skills than with a video production class?
For years I've been searching for the best light bulb, and I may have found it.
Some genetic mutations are beautiful!
We wanted to thank all the readers of the Bug Chick's blog for a great year with a free digital coloring sheet of an armoured ground cricket!
While the more familiar North American beaver sports a spanking big tail, which serves variously as a rudder, a prop, a fat store, and a communication device, the mountain beaver gets along just fine with its stunted and furry rear appendage.
A 24-hour species identification challenge in an Oregon city park shows citizen scientists the diversity of urban wildlife.
The Australian green tree frog has big eyes, a friendly demeanor, and a bit of a pot belly, all of which bring to mind certain traits of Muppet star Kermit the Frog.
Many insects are pegged with an undeserved bad reputation. Earwigs are a great example.
Dr. Seuss's McElligot's Pool (1947) features some fantastic fish—ones with pinwheel-like tails, curly noses, long floppy ears, or Kangaroo pouches. The fictional fish do have some truly strange nonfictional cousins, among which are giant oarfish, barreleye fish, and sawfish.
What happens at a scientific conference?
During our visit to Costa Rica in March, we came across an arachnid with unexpected companions.
Running buffalo clover produces a single, spiked flower, one that is quintessentially clover. But unlike other clovers, running buffalo is endangered -- it was once even thought to be extinct, for reasons that are reflected in its name.
Does hurricane Sandy make you any more inclined to buy an electric vehicle?
Are Katrina and Sandy linked to climate change?
It's always amazing to me that no matter the circumstance, no matter the place, kids want to talk bugs with us. All children, all over the world speak 'bug'.
Stony corals can vomit digestive filaments on their neighbors to disintegrate competitors for space and light.
The endangered Stephen's kangaroo rat actually is not a rat -- it is more closely related to rodents such as squirrels and gophers than it is to notorious pests like the Norway rat and house rat.
The other day we caught a glimpse of an insect that's usually seen in the spring -- the mayfly! Check out this video to learn more about these short-lived insects.
Like many other species of subalpine and alpine wildflowers, each year, as the winter snowpack recedes, the glacier lily comes to life, sprouting leaves and flowers as soon as conditions are favorable and taking advantage of every moment of the short growing season.
What's that silver insect in your bathroom sink? A silverfish! Check out our video to learn about these ancient animals.
Can you legally break Einstein's speed limit?
When a tarantula is sick and weak, what do you do? Stick it in the ICU!
NASA's rover has discovered an ancient stream bed on Mars.
'Tis the season! The kids are back in school and head lice are going to be on the forefront of parents' minds. It can be hard to find facts on these animals when internet searches provide myths, fear, and outdated remedies. But The Bug Chicks are here to teach about the insects themselves. Arm yourself with knowledge! (And a good nit comb.)
Attention 10 to 12-year-olds! Alan Alda wants to know what question you would like scientists to answer.
Cooler weather is on it's way, but we're not worried! We've planned some winter expeditions to find insects in the sea caves and glacial fields of Oregon.
Depending where you live, you may have recently started to see an influx of orange and black winged visitors. The monarch butterflies have begun their fall migration.
More than half the world's population now lives in urban areas, which means that, combined with the loss of nature from urban sprawl, fewer children than ever have the chance to walk out their back doors and into a natural world of discovery.
You can make a simple model that shows how the color of ice and water impacts temperature.
For bug lovers, there are lots of cool events happening all over the country.
This autumn, new records are being set for the minimum amount of sea ice in the Arctic. On August 26, the extent of ice diminished to less than it has ever been -- at least in the 30 years we've been watching it with satellites.
Do Arctic wolves use cooperative hunting strategies?
Students, NASA needs your help to find the perfect name for a near-Earth asteroid that will be visited by spacecraft later this decade.
Learn about the yucca moth and the yucca plant and why pollinators are so important. In English and Spanish!
The Delmarva fox squirrel is a very, very large squirrel. It can tip the scales at as many as three pounds.
You've probably all seen silk webbing in the ridges of tree bark. It could be a spider's web, or it could've been made by the elusive and shy insects called webspinners in the Order Embiidina.
Down to just 167 singing males in 1987, the Kirtland's warbler population has rebounded, with 1,828 males counted in 2011. The species has risen, almost literally, like a phoenix from the ashes.
A few weeks ago we showed you how to make a piece of insect collecting equipment called a beat sheet. In this post, we're going to add pan traps and baited traps to your DIY collecting tools.
The jackdaw's intelligence and curiosity perpetuate the bird's tendency to get into trouble.
An excerpt from the book "Girls Get Curves" by Danica McKellar provides an introduction to logic and reasoning.
To access older blog posts, navigate via the archive links in the sidebar at left.


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- Northern New York Newspapers
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Slic Network Solutions has opened new service areas for high-speed Internet, phone and IPTV in Franklin and St. Lawrence counties.
In Franklin County, the company is scheduling installation in parts of North Bangor and Brandon.
In St. Lawrence County, service is available in portions of Madrid, Norfolk and Waddington.
A list of available addresses in those areas is at www.slic.com/brandon and www.slic.com/pinegrove.
The company is conducting internal testing of its forthcoming IPTV service and plans to do a limited soft launch May 1 and a general roll-out June 1.
Thousands of readers like you have made Northern New York Newspapers the number one ranked website* for local news and sports coverage in the north country.
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- Research
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Tehelka: In a bid to boost conservation efforts, the Union Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEFCC) announced plans to spend Rs 20 crore on five endangered species namely the Dugong, Gangetic Dolphin, Great Indian Bustard, Manipur Brow Antler Deer (Sangai) and Wild Water Buffalo....+
A first-of-its-kind tiger estimation study conducted by the Wildlife Conservation Trust (WCT) in areas outside Protected Areas (PAs) of the Chandrapur District of Maharashtra has revealed the presence of 48 adult tigers. This pushes the number of tigers in the district to 120 including 72 living inside the Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve (as per the 2014 tiger estimation report)....+
WCT has helped design the 'e-Rescuer' - a thermal imaging equipment that will be used to detect wild animals involved in conflict situations during night, day or foggy conditions
The e-rescuer is likely to
enhance the animal-detection ability of the rescue team
manifolds, especially during night and under foggy
It will reduce the risk to the lives of the rescue team
members during a rescue operation.
The e-rescuer will greatly assist in tracking wild animals,
planning tranquilization and mitigating man-animal conflict
WCT has invested in designing
special Solar Integrated
Systems for Anti-poaching
Camps (APCs).
Over 2000 units have been
installed in APCs of 65 PAs
 across India.
The Unit can charge important equipment such as
communication radio sets, cameras, mobile phones and
provide for lighting in Anti-poaching camps


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Book flights to Rabat, and explore Morocco's capital city. Despite being the capital of Morocco, Rabat is lesser known as a tourist destination than Marrakesh or Casablanca - but that also means that it makes for a slightly more relaxed Morrocan city break. Rabat has loads of interesting architecture to see, some great shopping, and you'll eat like a king with the brilliant choice of restaurants in the city. Of course, you don't have to stay in the city at all; there are loads of brilliant beaches, particularly for surfers, all along Morocco's Atlantic coast and within easy reach of the city! Book flights to Rabat today.
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Posts tagged with the category Leadership
Bringing an Organizational Lens to the Complex Issue of Abrasive Leadership
by Lynn Harrison. PhD The focus of my dissertation research was the phenomenon of abrasive leadership, that is, a pattern of managerial behavior that causes significant distress for coworkers, impacting organizational functioning. In doing my initial research, I found that most of the writing on this topic was focused (quite understandably)...
Stop Managing and Start Leading!
No one likes to be managed. It is intrinsically diminishing and a poor substitute for leadership. Managing also doesn't work as a long-term strategy for enrolling people in a shared effort, whether in business, families, or communities. So, how did we come to elevate managing and management as the epitome of leadership, and why do we attempt...
Holocracy: Leadership From Inside Out
Holacracy is a real-world-tested social technology for purposeful organization. It radically changes how an organization is structured, how decisions are made, and how power is distributed.Implementing holocracy means that CEOs give up some level of power. The advantage is that they get to view their company through an entirely different...
Education Contributing to Issues and Being a Solution for Environmental Sustainability
The world of education is under a tremendous amount of pressure to serve two masters. Traditional approaches are called for to ensure students gain opportunities for the next step in their learning journey and new thinking and innovation are required to ensure students are prepared for a world that is ever changing and uncertain. These differing...
Rethinking Ghana's Energy Future
In late 2006 and continuing into 2007, Ghana experienced a major power crisis that caused planned power outages, also known as load shedding, with outages lasting up to 72 consecutive hours. Since then, Ghana has sought to strengthen its electricity sector. However, in spite of these efforts, power supply continues to be a challenge....
Engaging Team Members: Managing by Building Relationships
As discussed in Keeping Team Members Engaged in a Distributed Workplace: Initial Thoughts for Discussion, it is hard to stay current with everything, let alone be fully active in all of the networks in which we are members. It is a challenge to accomplish work demands while fulfilling personal responsibilities, not to mention trying to have some...
Effective Teams Begin with Trust
Dysfunctional teams can produce results, but not consistently and not over the long term. An effective team that produces results consistently requires many attributes, but they all must begin with trust. More than anything else, trust enables people to work together effectively. Stephen M. R. Covey, author of The Speed of Trust, says this...
5 Things Managers Should Say to Employees
Now that the economy is beginning to pick up, it's becoming harder to retain quality employees. And just because your company may offer many attractive benefits and good wages, doesn't mean you'll be able to hold on to your best performers. Research has found that people join a company due to its reputation, but they leave...
The Importance of Gender Equity
In my last blog Strengthening our Social Fabric, I mentioned Sweden's emphasis on gender equity as a way to create a good society. Here I will further consider the systemic implications of gender equity in hopes that we consider its importance to all societies. The Global Gender Gap report (2013) rates 136 countries on their ability to...
What Personality Types Support Good Leadership?
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is often used to improve overall performance in organizations. This tool can help workers gain self-awareness, improve emotional intelligence, and better understand how they—as well as those around them—operate in the workplace. No one of the 16 types identified in the MBTI are better than...
Learning Across Boundaries - The ISSS-2014 Conference in Washington, D.C.
The 58th meeting of the International Society for the Systems Sciences was held George Washington University, in Washington, D.C. Gerald Midgley president for this year, and his conference team, are to be commended for creating a great week of learning. The theme of the conference was "Learning...
Do the Work to be Lucky in Your Career
"Luck is what happens when preparation meets opportunity." — Seneca I often encounter people I admire who seem extremely lucky in getting a great job, regular promotions, and seemingly unlimited professional success. For the most part, I believe these people earned this fate through taking responsibility for their luck....
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Don't go changing for us. But if you do, you'll definitely want to check out our exclusive changing pad covers. They come in a host of appealing, easy to coordinate colors. And are easy to clean. Don't forget to buy at least a couple in case the other(s) are in the wash. Yes, change is in the air.
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If you're outside of a wireless coverage area and the indicator appears at the top of the screen, you can call only emergency numbers. Your BlackBerry smartphone is designed to allow emergency calls even when your smartphone is locked. Depending on your smartphone model and the wireless network that your smartphone is connected to, your smartphone is also designed to allow emergency calls when the SIM card isn't inserted. If the connection to the wireless network is turned off when you initiate an emergency call, your smartphone is designed to connect to the wireless network automatically. You can make emergency calls by typing only official emergency access numbers (for example, 911 or 112).
If your smartphone is connected to a CDMA network, when you end an emergency call, your smartphone enters Emergency Callback Mode. This mode allows the operator to call you back or find your approximate location. Depending on your wireless service provider, Emergency Callback Mode is active for 5 minutes or until you make a non-emergency call. In Emergency Callback Mode, you can't send and receive messages or browse webpages.
If your smartphone supports GPS and you make an emergency call, an emergency operator might be able to use GPS technology to find your approximate location.


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ECU offers innovative and practical courses across a variety of disciplines and we have a vibrant research culture. ECU is a leader in developing alternative entry pathways to higher education.
We have three campuses in Western Australia. Joondalup and Mount Lawley in the Perth metropolitan area and our South West campus in Bunbury, 200km south of the Perth CBD.
ECU provides a variety of services and facilities that go beyond the classroom, with opportunities for personal development and social interaction for students and staff.
ECU welcomes students from all over the world. We're home to more than 3500 international students.
At ECU we concentrate our research in areas of strength to deliver tangible outcomes.
There are several ways to get involved with research at ECU.
ECU has a lively research community that is committed to supporting research students.
Our Office of Research and Innovation provides comprehensive support services to researchers.
Mutually beneficial ECU collaborations and partnerships with industry, educators and the wider community.
Our Faculties are actively involved in a range of community partnerships.
ECU is a leader in the rapidly emerging area of simulated learning and teaching in health.
We welcome the general community to engage in events on-campus.
Outdoor film season kicks off on 23 November at Joondalup Pines as part of the 2016 Perth International Arts Festival.
Help us improve our content by rating this page.
This means, depending on the license agreement, you may be able to use applications you require as a student on your personal home computer.
It might be a bit early for you to appreciate this, but we have set up free access to Endnote for currently enrolled ECU students. This means you'll be able to download and use it free of charge!
Endnote works with MS Word to create correctly formatted citations and reference lists - it will be a fantastic help for you in ensuring your assignments are referenced correctly.


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Jul 21, 2015Peanut Butter Slam S'more
Whether you are out on the back patio, or the middle of nowhere backwoods, sometimes you just need something sweet. This s'more recipe from the folks at Camp Chef is packed full of sweet, chocolately goodness. Next time you are going to make s'mores, give this recipe a try and you will never want to go back to a traditional s'more.
Ingredients:Read More
Jun 30, 2015Southwestern Pulled Pork Stuffed Zucchini Boats
Now that gardens most everywhere are producing vegetables, it's time to start cooking with them. This recipe from Gary House of Cooking-Outdoors.com is a great way to combine fresh produce and leftover pulled pork. And if you are like us and never have leftover pulled pork, this is a great excuse to smoke some, just for this recipe. Enjoy!
Ingredients:Read More
Jun 4, 2015Jalapeno Cheddar Turkey Burgers
There's good burgers and bad burgers...it's not very often you come across a truly great tasting burger. Now you have. This recipe from Mel's Kitchen Cafe, in the words of her husband,
No kidding, Mel, that's the best burger I've ever eaten in my life.
We would quite agree. Check out the recipe below and enjoy.
Ingredients:Read More
May 18, 2015Apple Wood Smoked Rack of Pork Loin
An amazingly simple recipe for great tasting pork to try this Memorial Day Weekend and any weekend.
Ingredients:Read More
Apr 16, 2015Artisan BBQ Chicken Pizza
Enjoying the warmer temperatures is more than just going on adventures. This recipe for BBQ Chicken Pizza is perfect for indoors or outdoors, but when you have a chance to cook outdoors, we say take the chance. This tasty recipe comes from the outdoor kitchen at Camp Chef.
Ingredients:Read More
Apr 2, 2015Grilled Chicken Chalupa
Just in time for the warmer temperatures, this recipe from Gary House at Cooking Everything Outdoors, is sure to keep everyone happy.
Ingredients:Read More


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|Numéro de publication
|Type de publication
|Numéro de demande
|Date de publication
|15 déc. 2011
|Date de priorité
|10 mai 2005
|Autre référence de publication
|Numéro de publication
|Roman Turovskiy, Ted Su, Mani Prakash, Steven Kim
|Cessionnaire d'origine
|Vivant Medical, Inc.
|Exporter la citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Classifications (13), Événements juridiques (3)
|Liens externes: USPTO, Cession USPTO, Espacenet
The present application is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/859,841, filed on Aug. 20, 2010, which is a continuation application of U.S. Pat. No. 7,799,019, filed on May 10, 2005, the entire contents of both of which are incorporated herein by reference.
The described devices relate generally to microwave antenna probes and methods of their use, e.g., in tissue ablation applications. More particularly, the described devices relate to microwave antennas that may be inserted directly into tissue for diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
In the treatment of diseases such as cancer, certain types of cancer cells have been found to denature at elevated temperatures (which are slightly lower than temperatures normally injurious to healthy cells). These types of treatments, known generally as hyperthermia therapy, typically utilize electromagnetic radiation to heat diseased cells to temperatures above 41° C. while maintaining adjacent healthy cells at lower temperatures where irreversible cell destruction will not occur. Other procedures utilizing electromagnetic radiation to heat tissue also include ablation and coagulation of the tissue. Such microwave ablation procedures, e.g., such as those performed for menorrhagia, are typically done to ablate and coagulate the targeted tissue to denature or kill it. Many procedures and types of devices utilizing electromagnetic radiation therapy are known in the art. Such microwave therapy is typically used in the treatment of tissue and organs such as the prostate, heart, and liver.
One non-invasive procedure generally involves the treatment of tissue (e.g., a tumor) underlying the skin via the use of microwave energy. The microwave energy is able to non-invasively penetrate the skin to reach the underlying tissue. However, this non-invasive procedure may result in the unwanted heating of healthy tissue. Thus, the non-invasive use of microwave energy requires a great deal of control. This is partly why a more direct and precise method of applying microwave radiation has been sought
Presently, there are several types of microwave probes in use, e.g., monopole, dipole, and helical. One type is a monopole antenna probe, which consists of a single, elongated microwave conductor exposed at the end of the probe. The probe is sometimes surrounded by a dielectric sleeve. The second type of microwave probe commonly used is a dipole antenna, which consists of a coaxial construction having an inner conductor and an outer conductor with a dielectric separating a portion of the inner conductor and a portion of the outer conductor. In the monopole and dipole antenna probe, microwave energy generally radiates perpendicularly from the axis of the conductor.
The typical microwave antenna has a long, thin inner conductor which extends along the axis of the probe and is surrounded by a dielectric material and is further surrounded by an outer conductor around the dielectric material such that the outer conductor also extends along the axis of the probe. In another variation of the probe, which provides for effective outward radiation of energy or heating, a portion or portions of the outer conductor can be selectively removed. This type of construction is typically referred to as a "leaky waveguide" or "leaky coaxial" antenna. Another variation on the microwave probe involves having the tip formed in a uniform spiral pattern, such as a helix, to provide the necessary configuration for effective radiation. This variation can be used to direct energy in a particular direction, e.g., perpendicular to the axis, in a forward direction (i.e., towards the distal end of the antenna), or a combination thereof.
Invasive procedures and devices have been developed in which a microwave antenna probe may be either inserted directly into a point of treatment via a normal body orifice or percutaneously inserted. Such invasive procedures and devices potentially provide better temperature control of the tissue being treated. Because of the small difference between the temperature required for denaturing malignant cells and the temperature injurious to healthy cells, a known heating pattern and predictable temperature control is important so that heating is confined to the tissue to be treated. For instance, hyperthermia treatment at the threshold temperature of about 41.5° C. generally has little effect on most malignant growth of cells. However, at slightly elevated temperatures above the approximate range of 43° C. to 45° C., thermal damage to most types of normal cells is routinely observed. Accordingly, great care must be taken not to exceed these temperatures in healthy tissue.
However, many types of malignancies are difficult to reach and treat using non-invasive techniques or by using invasive antenna probes designed to be inserted into a normal body orifice, i.e., an easily accessible body opening. These types of conventional probes may be more flexible and may also avoid the need to separately sterilize the probe; however, they are structurally weak and typically require the use of an introducer or catheter to gain access to within the body. Moreover, the addition of introducers and catheters necessarily increase the diameter of the incision or access opening into the body thereby making the use of such probes more invasive and further increasing the probability of any complications that may arise.
Structurally stronger invasive probes exist and are typically long, narrow, needle-like antenna probes which may be inserted directly into the body tissue to directly access a site of a tumor or other malignancy. Such rigid probes generally have small diameters that aid not only in ease of use but also reduce the resulting trauma to the patient. A convenience of rigid antenna probes capable of direct insertion into tissue is that the probes may also allow for alternate additional uses given different situations. However, such rigid, needle-like probes may experience difficulties in failing to provide uniform patterns of radiated energy; and may fail to provide uniform heating axially along and radially around an effective length of the probe. Accordingly, it may be difficult to otherwise control and direct the heating pattern when using such probes.
Accordingly, there remains a need for a microwave antenna probe that may help in overcoming the problems discussed above. There also exists a need for a microwave antenna probe that is structurally robust enough for direct insertion into tissue without the need for additional introducers or catheters while producing a controllable and predictable heating pattern.
The described methods and devices provide for microwave antenna probes and their method of use, e.g., in tissue ablation applications. In some variations, the microwave antenna assembly has proximal and distal radiating portions. An inner and an outer conductor extend through the proximal radiating portion, with the inner conductor disposed within the outer conductor. The inner conductor further extends at least partially into the distal radiating portion. A junction member separates the proximal and distal radiation sections with at least a portion of the junction member disposed between the proximal and distal radiating portions. A reinforcing member is disposed longitudinally at least partially within the junction member and provides additional stiffness to the junction member, thereby increasing the overall structural integrity of the assembly and allowing for easier direct insertion of the assembly into tissue. The microwave antenna assembly may also comprise a sensor selected from the group consisting of a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and a flow sensor. In some variations, the sensor is a temperature sensor. Methods for assembling the disclosed microwave antenna assemblies are also described.
In certain variations, the reinforcing member extends from the junction member into the distal radiating portion. In other variations, the inner conductor extends through the reinforcing member. The inner conductor can be affixed to the distal radiating portion or can otherwise be placed into electrical communication with the distal radiating portion. In yet other variations, the reinforcing member itself can be integrally formed with the inner conductor as a single piece. In further variations, the inner conductor and distal radiating portion itself are integrally formed as a single piece. The proximal radiating portion may also be a single piece, and in some variations, the proximal radiating portion has a variable wall thickness. The microwave antenna assembly may also be connected to a source of microwave energy.
In another variation the microwave antenna assembly is further provided with a thermocouple for localized temperature sensing, with the thermocouple junction being positioned e.g., along the distal radiating portion. In yet a further variation, the microwave assembly is further provided with a lumen extending through at least a portion of the proximal radiating portion, or proximal to the proximal radiating portion, and opening to the surface of the assembly, for e.g., to deliver therapeutic agents to tissue, to provide a thermocouple or other temperature sensor, to act as an aspiration port for delivery or removal of fluids, or for the delivery of transducers or sensors to measure or sense various characteristics of the surrounding tissue and/or antenna performance.
To improve the energy focus of the antenna assembly, an electrical choke may also be used in any of the variations described herein to contain returning currents to the distal end of the antenna assembly. The choke may be disposed on top of a dielectric material on the antenna proximal of the radiating section. The choke is preferably comprised of a conductive layer and may be further covered by a tubing or coating to force the conductive layer to conform to the underlying antenna.
Additionally, variations on the choke, the tubing or coating, any sealant layers, as well as other layers that may be disposed over the antenna assembly may be used. Certain layers, e.g., a heatshrink layer disposed over the antenna assembly, may have wires or strands integrated within the layer to further strengthen the antenna assembly. Kevlar wires, for instance, may be integrally formed into the layer and oriented longitudinally with the antenna axis to provide additional strength.
During invasive treatment of diseased areas of tissue in a patient, trauma may be caused to the patient resulting in pain and other complications. Various microwave antenna assemblies, as described herein, are less traumatic than devices currently available and as described in further detail below, methods of manufacturing such devices are also described. Generally, the devices and assemblies described here allow for the direct insertion of a microwave antenna into tissue for the purposes of diagnosis and treatment of disease.
In certain applications, a microwave antenna requires adequate structural strength to prevent bending of the antenna, e.g., where the antenna is directly inserted into tissue, where the antenna undergoes bending moments after insertion, etc.
Accordingly, there are various configurations designed to increase the antenna strength. Such configurations include those described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/052,848 filed Nov. 2, 2001, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. One configuration involves placing the antenna assembly under a compressive load to stiffen the radiating portions. Another configuration involves mechanically fastening, e.g., in a screw-like manner, the radiating portions together to provide a joint that will withstand bending moments. A further configuration involves creating overlapping joints between the radiating portions of the antenna assembly to provide a high-strength antenna. Many of these configurations will generally include a junction member disposed between and separating the proximal and distal radiating portions. As further detailed herein, the devices and assemblies described here provide for reinforcement members of various configurations that are disposed within the junction members to further stiffen and strengthen the overall assembly, without compromising the functionality of the assembly or its ease of manufacture.
Antenna Assembly with Reinforced Junction Member
Generally, the antenna assembly 10 in
In operation, microwave energy having a wavelength, λ, is transmitted through antenna assembly 30 along both proximal and distal radiating portions 36 and 38. This energy is then radiated into the surrounding medium, e.g., tissue. The length of the antenna for efficient radiation may be dependent at least on the effective wavelength, λeff, which is dependent upon the dielectric properties of the medium being radiated into. Energy from the antenna assembly 30 radiates and the surrounding medium is subsequently heated. An antenna assembly 30 though which microwave energy is transmitted at a wavelength, λ, may have differing effective wavelengths, λeff, depending upon the surrounding medium, e.g., liver tissue, as opposed to, e.g., breast tissue. Also affecting the effective wavelength, λeff, are coatings that may be disposed over antenna assembly 30, as discussed further below.
As can be seen, channel 60 extends axially through junction member 50 and receives reinforcing member 70 which is generally cylindrical and configured to be received within and extend through the channel 60. The reinforcing member is generally formed of a stronger and stiffer material than the junction member and thus reinforces the junction member. In the variation depicted the reinforcing member is integrally formed with inner conductor 44 and includes central section 72 that resides within junction member 50 and a distal section 74 that extends from the junction member distally into the distal radiating portion. Wire 78 extends distally from section 74 and is in electrical contact with the inner perimeter 21 of the distal radiating section 20. In this configuration, the reinforcing member thus functions to extend the inner conductor through the junction member and into the distal radiating section. The combination of the inner conductor 44, reinforcing member 70 and terminal wire 78 into a single piece has manufacturing and assembly advantages. The terminal wire 78 can be bent such that upon insertion into the distal radiating portion, it comes into contact with the perimeter 21. The piece can further include stop 76, which retains reinforcing member 70 against junction member 50 and prevents it from moving proximally relative to the reinforcing member. In alternative configurations, the reinforcing member can be a separate piece that allows for passage of the inner conductor through to the distal section. In such alternative configurations, the reinforcing member need not be electrically conductive and in many configurations it may be desirable for the reinforcing member to be formed of a dielectric material. This material, for example, may be chosen so as to retain optimal antenna characteristics.
Antenna Assembly with Reinforced Junction Member and Thermocouple
Antenna Assembly with Reinforced Junction Member and Cooling Chamber
A dielectric 446 is positioned longitudinally between inner conductor 444 and outer conductor 448 to electrically separate them, In this variation, a cooling tube 456 is positioned longitudinally adjacent to outer conductor 448, and a cooling jacket 458 is positioned longitudinally adjacent to cooling tube 456, making up a cooling chamber. While not shown if
Materials and Methods
Junction members used in the antenna assemblies described herein are preferably made of a dielectric material such as a ceramic or other suitable dielectric. Illustrative examples of suitable dielectric materials include, but are not limited to Al2O3, Boron Nitride, stabilized Zirconia, air, and the like. Alternatively, junction members can made of a metal and sufficiently coated with a dielectric or polymer (e.g., high temperature polymers like polyimide or Ultem™ provided the dielectric coating is sufficiently thick to provide adequate insulation. To prevent energy from conducting directly into the tissue during use, a dielectric layer having a thickness between about 0.0001 to 0.025 inches may be coated directly over the antenna assembly. The dielectric coating may increase the radiated energy and is preferably made from a ceramic material, such as Al2O3, TiO2, or the like, and may also be optionally further coated with a lubricious material such as Teflon™, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), or fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), etc. In addition to the dielectric coating, a sealant layer may also be coated either directly over the antenna assembly, or preferably over the dielectric layer to provide a lubricious surface for facilitating insertion into a patient as well as to prevent tissue from sticking to the antenna assembly. The sealant layer may be any variety of polymer, but is preferably a thermoplastic polymer and may have a thickness varying from a few angstroms to as thick as necessary for the application at hand. The sealant layer may be made from a variety of thermoplastic polymers, e.g., heat shrink polymers, such as polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), perfluoroalkoxy (PFA), chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), ethylene chlortrifluoroethylene (ECTFE), and ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE). Varying these coating thicknesses over antenna assembly may vary the effective wavelengths, λeff, of the radiation being transmitted by the antenna. Thus, one may vary the coating thicknesses over the assembly to achieve a predetermined effective wavelength depending upon the desired results.
A preferable method of optimizing the amount of radiated energy from the assembly may include adjusting the length of proximal radiating portion to correspond to a length of nλ/4 (where n is any integer) of the radiation being transmitted through assembly, and likewise adjusting a cumulative (or overall) length of distal radiating portion and junction to also correspond to a length of nλ/4. Adjusting the lengths of proximal and distal radiating portions to correspond to the wavelength of the transmitted microwaves may be done to optimize the amount of radiated energy and accordingly, the amount of the medium or tissue that is subsequently heated. The actual lengths of proximal and distal radiating portions may, of course, vary and is not constrained to meet any particular nλ/4 length. When an antenna assembly is radiating energy, the ablation field is variable 3-dimensionally and may be roughly spherical or ellipsoidal, which centers on the junction member and extends to the ends of the proximal and distal radiating portions.
The location of the distal tip may be proportional to a distance of nλ/4 of the radiation being transmitted through the assembly. However, since the distal tip typically terminates at tapered end, the angled surface of taper may be taken into account. Thus, the total distance along the outer surfaces of the junction member and distal radiating portion (including any tapered end) may accord to the distance of nλ/4. The length of proximal radiating portion may also accord to the distance of nλ/4, as above. Although it is preferable to have the length of the radiating portion of the antenna accord with a distance of the wavelength, λ, it is not necessary for operation of the device, as described above. That is, an antenna assembly having a radiating portion with a length in accordance with a first wavelength may generally still be used for transmitting radiation having a second wavelength, or third wavelength, or so on, although with a possible reduction in efficiency. Also, while the variations described above are related to dipole antenna assemblies, monopole antenna assemblies are also contemplated.
To improve the energy focus of an antenna assembly, an electrical choke may also be used to contain returning currents to the distal end of the antenna, as is described U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/052,848 filed Nov. 2, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,878,147, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Generally, the choke may be disposed on the antenna proximal of the radiating section. The choke is preferably placed over a dielectric material, which may be disposed over the antenna. The choke is preferably a conductive layer and may be further covered by a tubing or coating to force the conductive layer to conform to the underlying antenna, thereby forcing an electrical connection (or short) more distally and closer to the radiating section. The electrical connection between the choke and the underlying antenna may also be achieved by other connection methods such as soldering, welding, brazing, crimping, use of conductive adhesives, and the like.
Additional steps may optionally be taken to further increase the strength of an antenna assembly by altering any of the layers, such as sealant layer or any of the other heatshrink layers discussed above. Wires or strands may be formed within, or on, the layers to add strength and are preferably orientated longitudinally along the length of the antenna such that the bending strength of the antenna is increased. The layers may be formed over the outer conductor, as described above, and the wires may be made of any high-strength material, e.g., Kevlar, metals, etc. Metal wires may be used, provided they are insulated.
Antenna Deployment
As described above, the microwave antenna may be inserted directly into the tissue and into the lesion to be treated. However, during insertion, the antenna may encounter resistance from some areas of tissue, particularly in some tissue found, e.g., in the breast. When the microwave antenna encounters resistance, if force were applied, tissue damage may result or the target tissue may be inadvertently pushed away due to the differential density of the target tissue relative to the surrounding tissue. Therefore, RF energy may also be utilized with the microwave antenna for facilitating deployment within the tissue.
In use, the RF energy may be simply left on the entire time the antenna is advanced through the tissue, or it may be applied or turned on only as needed as the antenna encounters resistance from the tissue. With the RF energy activated, the antenna may be further advanced utilizing the RF energy to cut through the obstructive tissue. Once the antenna has been desirably positioned within a lesion or region of tissue, the RF energy, if on, may be switched off and the microwave energy may be switched on to effect treatment.
In certain variations, the assembly may use RF energy at the distal tip of the antenna as a cutting mechanism during antenna deployment. The microwave antenna is preferably covered with some insulative material along most of its length, but distal tip may be uninsulated such that the FW energy may be applied thereto through the inner conductor. To utilize the RF energy cutting mechanism at the distal tip, the inner conductor may be made from Nitinol, Tungsten, stainless steel, or some other conductive metal.
The antenna assembly may be electrically connected to an RF generator that provides the RF energy to the distal tip during placement and positioning of the antenna within the tissue or lesion. After the antenna has been desirably positioned within the lesion, the connector may be disconnected from the RF cable and attached to a microwave generator via a microwave cable to provide the microwave energy for effecting treatment to the tissue.
Alternatively, given the small amount of surface area of the distal tip of the assembly, a low power FW generator may be utilized and can be built into an integral unit along with the microwave generator. Alternatively, an optional RF generator may be physically separated from the microwave generator and may be electrically connected as a separate unit to the antenna.
Aside from the illustrations of possible antenna deployment methods and devices described above, other variations for deployment and insertion into tissue may be utilized. Potential other methods and devices for antenna deployment and insertion may be found in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/272,314, filed Sep. 15, 2002, and entitled "Microwave Antenna Having A Curved Configuration", now U.S. Patent Application Pub. No. US 2003/0195499 A1, which is commonly owned and is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Methods of Use
In using a microwave antenna, several different methods may be utilized, including the use of single or multiple antennas, as is further described U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/052,848 filed Nov. 2, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,878,147, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
The applications of the antenna assemblies and methods of making the assemblies discussed above are not limited to microwave antennas used for hyperthermic, ablation, and coagulation treatments but may include any number of further microwave antenna applications. Modification of the above-described assemblies and methods for carrying out the invention, and variations of aspects of the invention that are obvious to those of skill in the art are intended to be within the scope of the claims.
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|22 aoűt 2011
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text: Tamar Adler is trying to convince all of suburban California to buy animals whole. Buying an animal "whole" means that you get the total weight of one animal (not the whole hanging carcass and a hacksaw). When you buy all of an animal, you pay one per-pound price for all of it: three dollars a pound, for instance, for the chuck and the brisket and the flank and for the strip steaks and t-bones and filet mignon. And it shows up cut and packaged, just like it does to the grocery store. My confidence in this project has been hard earned. For over a year and half, Ethicurian blogger Bonnie Powell and I worked to create a whole-animal purchasing model that we used to divide animals we bought directly from farmers into pre-purchased ten- to fifteen-pound shares, distributed through what we called the Bay Area Meat CSA. Over grueling months as a two-lady distribution-company—during which we realized that meat CSAs should really be administered by farms—we seeded ranch-based CSAs and developed a system that kind of, well, worked. Now that a few fledgling meat CSAs have used the tools we developed, with the help of Slow Food Berkeley, I am trying to put our model online. If it works, the web-based toolbox (meat 2.0?) should relieve some of the trepidation (and drama) associated with the process of buying something nose-to-tail. Here is how it works: The new site represents an online community, still called the Bay Area Meat CSA (bamcsa.ning.com). It is a "Ning," a free social networking site with easy-to-use message boards and forums. Once people have become members of the site, they can look along the home page's left margin and find a "group" of concerned meat-eaters in their neighborhood. The rest of the site is dedicated to templates: butchery specifications, cut-descriptions, worksheets on which to divvy up meat, and local meat resources: ranchers, slaughterhouses, recipes, and helpful hints. When Bonnie and I created our CSA-modeled buying group, the idea was to help people without big freezers get city-apartment-sized quantities of locally-raised meat as inexpensively as possible. People who had invested in their own industrial meat grinders and walk-in coolers, we reasoned, were able manage a quarter cow or half pig, the smallest quantities many ranchers sell. So we geared our model toward people who would only be able to buy direct if they shared with a lot of neighbors. Our theory was that if we could give butchery instructions to ranchers, emphasizing a need for everything in as small and many cuts as possible, and create broad categories into which we would separate the cuts, we could divide anything up, more or less equitably, among members. No matter how you butcher a cow, or pig, or lamb, there are always approximately the same percentages of cuts on them: whether a butcher chooses to grind it into hamburger or cube it for stew, about half of any cow is pretty tough stuff trimmed from other, more tender muscles. So every share we made would contain about half of that tough meat. The rest of the cuts we organized according to ease of preparation instead of their perceived values. For cows, all steaks went into one category (for pigs, all chops, shoulder chops, and sirloin), all two-pound roasts for braising into another, and all smaller braising cuts into another. If one share got only flank steak from the first category, we would try to make sure it also got short-ribs, an easily recognizable and recipe-friendly cut. It worked. Dividing cuts of meat into the categories that we did enabled us to split a 500-pound cow into fifty small shares, instead of requiring Herculean meat-eating of any of our members. When we finally gave up the ad hoc distribution business, I vowed to make our lessons open source, so that people who had gotten accustomed to shares of local meat could repeat the process themselves. On January 10, at Leo Cotella's produce stand at the Oakland produce terminal, Slow Food Berkeley launched our new social networking/meat instructional/revolutionary meat-purchasing guide site. Its sixty members are already organizing whole-hog purchases and coordinated chicken pick-ups, and most of them have only met online, even though they live doors down from each other. We are hoping the very commonness of it all—the absence of fireworks or double-dares—gives it enough fuel to take off. Tamar Adler cooks at Chez Panisse in Berkeley, where she arrived two years ago after leaving Farm 255, a fully integrated farm-restaurant in Athens, Georgia (www.farm255.com), where she worked as head chef. Before that, she was an editor at Harper's Magazine. Tamar is currently a leader of Slow Food Berkeley and directs the Bay Area Meat CSA, which seeks to create functional direct-sales models for small-scale ranchers. Published on: http://civileats.com/2009/01/20/a-virtual-flesh-and-blood-csa/


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Rails & Rail Kits
We love monorail lighting in general for its infinite installation and decorative versatility. Offering all of the components individually allows for total customization of a monorail track lighting system, whether from scratch or adapting an existing system. To that end, Lumens carries the monorail track, connectors, end caps, stand-offs, transformers, power feeds, decorative art glass pendants and adjustable monorail heads from some of the best low voltage monorail lighting manufacturers producing today.


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Chaton, Swarovski crystal rhinestone, black diamond, foil back, 5x5x5mm faceted mini triangle fancy stone (4704). Sold per pkg of 144 (1 gross).
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A delicate fancy-shaped triangle rhinestone is a brilliant addition to watches, eyewear and loose stone settings. Unique in the market, they perfectly match the mini/micro trend in fashion.
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Silom, Bangkok
Anita Silk Overview
We are weaver of Thai silk and manufacturer of thai silk finished goods. The business was established in 1959, by Mrs. Pornsan Tonavanik in a small shop house in Bangkok selling slik yardages tailor made silk dresses, purses and assessories. Today we export our silk products to more than 50 countries worldwide. Our aim is to produce top quality design products with honesty and integrity practiced in our trade ethics.
Variety of garments are available at Anita from silk dress, skirt, jacket, bag, scarf, shawl, hat for lady to shirt, tie, cufflink and jacket for gentlemen. Custom designs are also welcome.
Our hand machine woven Thai Silk are available in hundred of colors with 1 ply up to 8 ply quality and suitable for wide range of applications from garments to upholstery, curtain to home accessories such as boxes, trays and frames. Our standard fabrics are available in 40", 48" and 54" wide. Weave according to specification is also welcome.
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AMHERST, NY - Just hours into Friday, the Black Friday rush was already complete in many stores, including the Best Buy in Amherst.
The first shoppers lined up at 5:00 p.m. Wednesday to get their hands on the big doorbusters when the doors opened at midnight Friday. Flat screen TVs, laptops, and video games flew off the shelves. Some people complained that they waited in line since 10 a.m. Thanksgiving Day to buy a 40" TV on sale, and with just about 20 in stock, they had to walk away empty handed.
No matter what's on the holiday shopping list, the goal is the same. Get in and out in one piece with the desired items and save a lot of money.
"Last year we saved around $1200," said Tahsin Farooq, a Black Friday shopper from Ontario.
Die hard Black Friday shoppers didn't bother with turkey around the table.
"We brought Thanksgiving dinner in the car and we did have Thanksgiving here right in front of Best Buy," said shopper Lynn Nyazika.
Many admitted with Black Friday starting earlier and earlier, it's taking the focus off Thanksgiving, and now it's a challenge to juggle both.
"I think it's unfortunate if you skip the holiday entirely. I had a turkey on the grill, stayed for dessert and then bounced out to get in line," said Ed Calouri of Lewiston.
Most stores like Best Buy are offering the same Black Friday sales online that are seen in the stores. So it begs the question, why deal with the outrageous hours and crazy crowds?
Many said it was for the tradition and camaraderie.
But ask 6-year-old Jaylen Whitfield about his first Black Friday experience, and he'll tell you he's not impressed.
"It's maybe disappointing because I don't want to be in this line at all. I just want to go in there and get the TV and go to sleep," he said.
For many, the Best Buy midnight opening was just one stop of the night. Walmart and Sears opened at 8 p.m. Thanksgiving and Target opened at 9 p.m.


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7 U.S. Code § 8781 - Administration generally
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(a) Use of Commodity Credit Corporation
Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, the Secretary shall use the funds, facilities, and authorities of the Commodity Credit Corporation to carry out this chapter.
(b) Determinations by Secretary
A determination made by the Secretary under this chapter shall be final and conclusive.
(c) Regulations
(1) In general
Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary and the Commodity Credit Corporation, as appropriate, shall promulgate such regulations as are necessary to implement this chapter and the amendments made by this chapter.
(2) Procedure
The promulgation of the regulations and administration of this chapter and the amendments made by this chapter shall be made without regard to—
(B) the Statement of Policy of the Secretary of Agriculture effective July 24, 1971 (36 Fed. Reg. 13804), relating to notices of proposed rulemaking and public participation in rulemaking; and
(3) Congressional review of agency rulemaking
(d) Adjustment authority related to trade agreements compliance
(1) Required determination; adjustment
If the Secretary determines that expenditures under this chapter that are subject to the total allowable domestic support levels under the Uruguay Round Agreements (as defined in section 3501 of title 19) will exceed such allowable levels for any applicable reporting period, the Secretary shall, to the maximum extent practicable, make adjustments in the amount of such expenditures during that period to ensure that such expenditures do not exceed such allowable levels.
(2) Congressional notification
Before making any adjustment under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives or the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report describing the determination made under that paragraph and the extent of the adjustment to be made.
Source(Pub. L. 110–234, title I, § 1601,May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1000; Pub. L. 110–246, § 4(a), title I, § 1601,June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1728.)
References in Text
This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this title", meaning title I of Pub. L. 110–246, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, which enacted this chapter and sections 1359kk, 1359ll, and 7287 of this title, amended sections 450l, 608c, 1308, 1308–1, 1308–2, 1308–3a, 1308a, 1359aa to 1359gg, 1359ii, 1471g, 1524, 1637b, 4502, 4504, 4531, 7284, 7286, 7333, 7416a, 7971, 7991, and 8204 of this title, section 1141j of Title 12, Banks and Banking, section 713a–14 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, sections 590h and 2106a of Title 16, Conservation, section 2401 of Title 19, Customs Duties, repealed sections 1359kk, 7993, and 8000 of this title, and enacted provisions set out as notes under sections 1308, 1308–3a, 3602, 7272 and 7333 of this title. For complete classification of title I to the Code, see Tables.
The date of enactment of this Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(1), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–246, which was approved June 18, 2008.
Sections 1603 and 1604, referred to in subsec. (c)(4), are sections 1603 and 1604 ofPub. L. 110–246, title I, June 18 2008, 122 Stat. 1730, 1740, which amended sections 1308 to 1308–3a, 1308a, 1471g, 1524, 7333, and 8204 of this title, section 2106a of Title 16, Conservation, and section 2401 of Title 19, Customs Duties, and enacted provisions set out as notes under sections 1308, 1308–3a, and 7333 of this title. For complete classification of sections 1603 and 1604 to the Code, see Tables.
Pub. L. 110–234and Pub. L. 110–246enacted identical sections. Pub. L. 110–234was repealed by section 4(a) ofPub. L. 110–246.
Section is comprised of section 1601 ofPub. L. 110–246. Subsec. (e) ofsection 1601 of Pub. L. 110–246amended section 7991 of this title.
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Women's 3-in-1 Jackets
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Three-in-one jackets provide the most bang for your buck when it comes to purchasing protection for the outdoors. In these 3-in-1 jackets you get a waterproof, breathable outer shell providing you protection from wet weather and snow. The jacket found inside is your insulation. This layer is usually made of fleece or synthetic fill and can be zipped out if the level of activity gets too high. Also, you can wear the fleece or insulation jacket alone in milder weather, giving you a total of three ways to wear the three-in-one jackets. *Hint* If you were to purchase each of these layers separately it would cost you twice as much. These jackets made by Columbia and Marmot are a great idea for any woman that wants an assortment of protection or in activities like climbing, mountaineering, skiing or hiking where weather can come in seconds without notice.
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