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1347: the year contingent labor was born?
In 1347, plague swept across Europe, killing somewhere between a third to a half of the population. In its wake, it left a labor shortage of unprecedented proportion.
Landlords still had plenty of land, but now they had to compete with each other for labor. Wages went through the roof, the terms of employment gradually began to liberalize and then the unthinkable happened: "In gaining more power, workers following the Black Death often moved away from annual contracts in favor of taking on successive temporary jobs that offered higher wages," according to historians Simon A. C. Penn and Christopher Dyer of the University of Birmingham.
Gee, that last part sounds familiar.
I am sometimes asked what will be the ultimate impact of the en masse retirement of the baby boomer generation. Will it really matter? The loss of skilled labor certainly will not be equal in magnitude to that of the plague, but the effect will be in the same direction. There will be fewer of whatever the baby boomers were skilled at. Hint: the oldest profession isn't prostitution; it's librarianship. The average age of librarians is 51. Librarian unemployment is already just 1.0% (at such low rates an indicator of labor shortage). Wait a few more years when those 51 year-old librarians start retiring, and the predictable will happen: wages will rise and the terms of employment will liberalize likely including more temporary and part-time librarians.
But librarians won't be the only ones in short supply. The same principal applies in varying degrees across the board, because baby boomers are in most occupations.
A golden age of employment is coming with all that it implies for staffing, and isn't it nice that we didn't have to have a plague this time to get it?


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Has anyone here purchased AHL Live ? Are all the games available ?
I wanted to sign-up to watch P-Bruins games but the cost is $349 for all access and $199 for P-Bruins games only...compared to $169 for NHL Game Centre Live with access to every NHL games
At this cost, before signing-up I wanted to know if someone here has purchased AHL Live and what's your opinion on the product.

subset: commoncrawl


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Henrik Lundqvist Is Auctioning Off His Winter Classic Mask
Lundqvist will auction Winter Classic mask with proceeds going to Garden ofDreams charity.
— Larry Brooks(@NYP_Brooksie) December 20, 2011
The Flyers goalies are also auctioning off their Winter Classic masks.
CLICK HERE to see Hank's Mask.
Update: 12:47PM
I talked to Lundqvist about his Winter Classic mask today. He said he has 2 that are the same. He'll keep 1 and other will go to charity.
— Dan Rosen (@drosennhl) December 20, 2011


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Gain instant access to OTA, published and wholesale rates
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Save on hosting, installation and other costly maintenance tasks, with our Microsoft Azure cloud based SaaS platform with global deployment.
Dynamic benchmarking tools provide actionable insight on profit margin optimization, helping you make or save hundreds of dollars in a single booking.
Our Flight API allows access to fares across dozens of IATA agencies and consolidators. Compare and book public, negotiated and private fares.


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Suspect arrested in Phoenix robbery, assault
PHOENIX — Authorities said a suspect is in custody in connection with a
robbery and assault at a Phoenix home.
Phoenix police announced Tuesday that Andrew James Mathieson, 22, is
jailed on a $25,000 bond.
He's being held on suspicion of robbery, aggravated assault causing serious
physical injury, burglary, theft of a means of transportation and arson of a
structure or property.
Police said a 76-year-old woman was watching television at her house around 4:15
a.m. Sunday when a man allegedly broke in and assaulted her until she lost
When she awoke, she told authorities some of her clothing was removed and her
purse and vehicle were missing.
Her car was later found partially burned and crashed into an embankment.
Police said evidence found near the vehicle led them to Mathieson.


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Apply foam directly to soil and water as normal. Rinse foam from leaves as you water. Feed once a week. 2 pumps for small pots and 5 pumps for larger pots (over 6" diameter).
Once a week
Feed once a week
On all indoor plants, including edibles
2 pumps for small pots, 5 pumps for large pots (over 6" diameter)
All indoor plants, edibles included
For all indoor plants including edibles!
1 - 1 - 1
Foam Dispensing Bottle
View Label (requires PDF reader)
Need an answer to a product question? Scotts experts are always available by email and phone in our Help Center.


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Additional Online Resources
Business Newspapers & Magazines
Kitsap County Resources for Business
- Bainbridge Island Chamber of Commerce
- Bremerton Area Chamber of Commerce
- Kingston Chamber of Commerce
- Port Orchard Chamber of Commerce
- Poulsbo Chamber of Commerce
- Silverdale Chamber of Commerce
- Washington State Network Small Business Development Center
- Kitsap Economic Development Alliance
- Port of Bremerton
- Service Core of Retired Executives (SCORE)
State of Washington Government Resources for Business
- Business Assistance
Community Trade and Economic Development resources and loans.
- Business Licensing
Getting started in business.
- Puget Sound Regional Council
Regional transportation and growth management planning.
US Federal Government Resources for Business
- 2010 Census QuickFacts For Kitsap County.
- SBA.gov
Business Gateway to Federal Resources.
- Business Opportunity Scams
Federal Trade Commission alerts.
- Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance
Small business loan and grants information.
- Export.gov
Export-related assistance and market information.
- IRS Business Resource
Information for small business owners and entrepreneurs.
- Market Access and Compliance FDC Information on accessing foreign markets.


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For $441 they received 316 design concepts from 29 designers!
Over 40,000 of the world's best entrepreneurs and small businesses trust crowdSPRING with custom logo design, web design and writing services. 96% of them recommend that you try us too.Find out more
Starts: 17-Apr-13 12:14 a.m. GMT
Ends: 4-May-13 12:16 p.m. GMT
Award 1: $441, was awarded to Anise
You must be approved to view or participate in this project. Since this project has closed, no more requests will be accepted.
If you already participated, please log in to check the project status.
We are in development of a service called ONOR. It's a mobile and online consumer service that is trustworthy, immersive, fun and at the same time does good to the world. It is an honorable activity that is meaningful.
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Let us match you up with one of our very best Creatives and work 1-to-1 in complete privacy. You'll have all of the same tools and features as our regular projects!


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Music City Visitor Centers
Planning a trip to Music City? Then stop by one of our Visitor Information Centers for assistance when you get here. Get brochures, maps and coupons, relax in the music-themed WiFi center, and talk with our Nashville Experts who have all the "inside" news on what to see and do in Nashville! Looking for a place to stay? Book a room or vacation package online then stop by the Visitor Center for assistance while you're here!
All this and more:
- Music City experts available to assist you
- Brochures on Nashville attractions
- Gift Shop with unique music gifts and more
- Free maps and driving directions
Nashville's Music City Marketplace combines a warm welcome to the city with a unique, music-themed gift shop. Located in the iconic glass tower of the Bridgestone Arena in the heart of downtown Nashville, it's one of the best vantage points in the city for people-watching. The Marketplace shop offers unique items with a music flair that make a gift (to yourself or someone else) from Music City something extra special. Work from local artists adorns the walls and items are displayed in vintage instrument cases. It's a must-see when shopping downtown for the special Music City gift that you just can't find anywhere else.
Check out the online store at shop.visitmusiccity.com!
FIFTH AVENUE SOUTH & BROADWAY - Downtown Parking
501 Broadway, Nashville, TN 37203
Regular phone numbers: (615) 259-4747 or (866) 830-4440
Open daily inside the glass tower of the Bridgestone Arena. We are wireless! Come in and log on.
Monday-Saturday 8am-5:30pm
Sunday 10am-5pm
Live Music at the Visitor Center
See who's playing when and come enjoy some real Nashville musicians.
The all-new "CMT Hot 20 Countdown," hosted by Cody Alan, Alecia Davis, and Katie Cook, is taped here in front of a live studio audience! Find out how to be part of the show.
FOURTH AVENUE NORTH & COMMERCE - Downtown Parking
150 4th Avenue North, Nashville, TN 37219
(615) 259-4730
Open Monday-Friday in the lower level of the Regions Bank Building.
Monday-Friday 8am-5pm


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You are here
White House Science Advisor: Evolution a Cornerstone of Modern Biology
During an on-line colloquy about science policy in the Bush administration conducted by The Chronicle of Higher Education on March 5, John H. Marburger III, director of the White House's Office of Science and Technology Policy, was asked about the Bush administration's scientific credibility in light of the president's reported skepticism about evolution. He replied, "Evolution is a cornerstone of modern biology," adding, "Much of the work supported by the National Institutes of Health depends heavily on the concepts of evolution.
NCSE featured in The New York Times
NCSE was prominently featured in James Glanz's article "Montana Creationism Bid Evolves Into Unusual Fight," which appeared on Sunday, February 29, 2004, in The New York Times. Glanz's article focused on the phenomenon of organized grassroots resistance to antievolutionist attempts to compromise evolution education, taking the controversy in Darby, Montana, as a prime example.
Evolution disclaimer bill passed in OK House
On February 24, House Bill 2194 was passed by the Oklahoma state House by a vote of 96-0. As originally introduced on February 2, HB 2194 required textbook publishers to furnish the State Textbook Committee with electronic files for the production of Braille versions of textbooks in conformance with U.S. Department of Education standards. On February 23, the bill was amended to include a new section that requires all textbooks that discuss evolution to include a long disclaimer.
Censorship attempt in Helena school library
A parent in Helena, Montana, is attempting to have a book about horses removed from her local elementary school library because it devotes two pages to discussing equine evolution.
SfN Statement on Evolution and Intelligent Design
NCSE is pleased to announce a further addition to Voices for Evolution: a statement on evolution and intelligent design from the Society for Neuroscience, reading in part, "Recognizing that the theory of Evolution is the fundamental scientific theory or cornerstone that helps us to understand and study the origins and diversity of living organisms, the Society for Neuroscience supports teaching evolution in science classrooms, and opposes the assertion that Intelligent Design Theory (ID) is a valid scientific alternative."
News Search


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[Lets Play] Vindictus Closed Beta – Tutorial Level (English commentary)
filed in Game Tutorial on Sep.29, 2011
Hello guys! It's finally here! VINDICTUS! Time for some blood and gore. Shredding your enemies into pieces! YEAHHHRRR! This recording is done together with my cousin. If you want to watch his side of the story. Go to youtu.be Also my excuses for my voice being so damn quiet! I really… Mondatica helps you to everythings you need with Facebook, Social Games, Technology & Videogames! Every day Video tutoria and how to, stay tuned with us!


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Virgin Canada created a digital postcard for "Live From Mars." Check it out here and send it to a friend.
Ben Harper, featured artist of The ESPN Action Sports & Music Awards will chat with EXPN.com tomorrow, Wednesday, April 4 at 12:00pm PST. Log in to EXPN.com to submit your questions. While you're there, enter to win a mega rare Joyride Ben Harper snowboard, "Live From Mars", or a laminate.
Click here to read it.


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|Baseball » Schedule » Roster » News » Coaches » 2015 Statistics » 2015 Quick Facts » Game Notes
Related Links
Thursday, May 21, 2009DELAND, Fla. _ Lipscomb Bisons baseball coach Jeff Forehand thought that the seeding didn't matter for the Atlantic Sun Conference Championship.
As the result of a meeting Thursday morning between conference officials and the coaches he has changed his mind.
Conference officials decided to alter the format of the tournament as rain continued to hamper the start of play. The tournament will be a hybrid between double elimination and single elimnation. Thursday afternoon, weather permitting, No. 4-seeded Belmont will play No. 5-seed Mercer at 2 p.m. No. 3 -seed ed Stetson, the tournament host, will play No. 6-seeded ETSU at 5:30.
The No.2-seeded Bisons, who were originally scheduled to play Mercer in the opening round, have drawn a bye and will not play until Friday. They will play the winner of the game between Stetson and ETSU. Game time will be at noon.
Top-seeded Jacksonville will play the winner of the game between Belmont and Mercer. That game will be played Friday at 8:30 a.m.
The losers of games one and two will be eliminated. The final four teams in the tournament would then play a double-elimination format. However, that plan is subject to change as well.
Four games are on the schedule for Friday. If the fourth game is not completed by the end of the day Friday the tournament will shift to a single-elimination format.
Baseball Archives
2008-09 Baseball


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Welcome, dear readers, to our holiday gift to you! As a small token of our affection (and to say thank you for all your support), we decided to hook you up with something extra exciting for the December installment of Shop The Closet. We asked ourselves, "Selves, what would our readers like best? How can we help them out and make them happy right now?" The answer was clear: we'd stock the closet with products that are not only amazing, but also budget-friendly-specifically, $75 or less. Yes, you read that correctly, we tracked down the world's choicest merch (in every single shopping category) and made sure it was extremely affordable, so that you could do a little shame-free shopping! Go on and gift yourself with a House of Harlow 1960 Orange Pyramid Bangle ($68) or indulge in a pair of Old Navy Rosette Ballet Flats ($10)-whatever you want, it's all perfectly priced!
1. Fair Ground Visionary Check Vest ($69)
2. Forever 21 Carroll Beanie ($5.80)
3. House of Harlow 1960 Orange Pyramid Bangle ($68)
4. ASOS Union Jack Bag ($26)
5. Giorgio Armani Maestro Eye Shadow ($28)
6. Mango Studded Gloves ($49)
7. GAP Brown Leather Belt ($39.50)
8. Velvet Caged Heel ($29)
9. Alloy Side-Zip Motorcycle Jacket ($55)
10. Old Navy Rosette Ballet Flats ($10)
11. Kimchi Blue Printed Chiffon Tunic ($58)
12. Steve Madden Cookie Wristlet ($40.80)
13. Forever 21 Belted Rose Print Dress ($24.80)
14. Mango Bonbon Clutch ($69)
15. Alloy Sequin Skirt ($36)
16. Peacock and Rhinestone Collar Necklace ($75)


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The Orb Whisperer (10 player)
Defeat the Blood Council without anyone in the raid taking more than 23,000 spell damage in a single hit in 10-player mode.
|Quick Facts
The Wowhead Client is a little application we use to keep our database up to date, and to provide you with some nifty extra functionality on the website!
It serves 2 main purposes:
You can also use it to keep track of your completed quests, recipes, mounts, companion pets, and titles!
So, what are you waiting for? Download the client and get started.


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Flying from Vienna
Flights from Vienna with airberlin fly out of Vienna International Airport (VIE), located 18 kilometers outside Austria's capital city in the village of Schwechat. This facility is the country's largest airport and is a central hub for travelers.
Vienna International Airport Information
Vienna International Airport's lone terminal has four check-in gates that connect to five concourses. Recent restoration has given the airport a modern look and made the facility accessible for disabled passengers. Weary travelers can comfortably rest in one of the airport lounges. A 24-hour medical center, lost property office, and several banks and currency exchange booths enhance the airport's efficiency. Enjoy a quick meal or browse one of the numerous shops that will suit any taste.
Getting to the Airport in Vienna
The CAT city airport train to Vienna International Airport runs daily from 5:36 am to 11:36 pm from the Wien Mitte railway station, and takes just 16 minutes to arrive. A bus to Vienna International Airport can be caught from a number of stations throughout the city 24 hours a day, with an average travel time of 20 minutes. Travelers can take a taxi to Vienna International Airport for greater flexibility and reach their destination in approximately 25 minutes.
Arriving in Rome
Travel to Rome, Italy's largest city and a treasure trove of culture. A long history spanning well over a millennium saw the rise and fall of a prosperous empire. With airberlin, walk the streets once strolled by the likes of Julius Cesar, Cleopatra, and Leonardo da Vinci.
First Time in Rome
This city of the Seven Hills sits upon the Tiber River and is easy to navigate. Exploring the sites and enjoying the city's welcoming atmosphere is as simple as stepping out the door. Enjoy your tickets to Rome and take a walking journey through a span of history.
Your Rome
Finding a bargain at the Porta Portese flea market is never hard. Flights to Rome will provide you with an opportunity to see the Appia Antica, the world's first road – a dream for any history buff.
Making the Most of Your Rome Holiday
June through August marks the highest temperatures and number of tourists, but also the least chance of rain. Flight deals to Rome with airberlin can be found outside these months. Cheap hotels in Rome are generally available in the winter and sometimes in fall and spring when temperatures are the most comfortable. Fly with airberlin to make sure you arrive in Rome feeling refreshed.


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Photo Slideshow
The Paul Simon Public Policy Institute...fostering non-partisan policy and building paths to public service.
We believe in bringing together public service leaders, our community members and students to honor and support Paul's vision of making a difference in the world we live in.
Check out the latest Simon Poll 2015 releases


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Featured Databases
The entire run of America's premier newspaper is now available to you anytime. New York Times Historical features every issue of the "paper of record" from 1851 to 2001, fully searchable and browsable. Get the context of major events in our history by taking a look at articles on the full page. Come check out all the news that's been fit to print for over 150 years.
Featured Products
Find out about all of the library's fun stuff for kids with AADL's parent page! JUMP is your stop to find recommended stuff for kids and learn about upcoming library events. Parents can also get information to plan their visit to the library an even find out about resources to help kids with their homework. It's all at jump.aadl.org!


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Critter Control has Arizona offices in Phoenix
Mole removal is key if you notice moles in your yard, or garden in the Arizona area. They often create tunnels when looking for food and can uproot plants for other animals to damage that are in the path of their tunnels.
A mole has tiny eyes, a pink tail and pink feet, long and grey or brown fur and can range from four to nine inches long. They disturb soil in lawns and gardens as they look for food. Since they have light-sensitive eyes, they remain underground most of the time. You will most likely notice tunnels and mounds of earth, but you probably won't see the mole responsible for the mess. As soon you as you identify a mole problem, it's time to consider the best mole removal techniques. Mole removal specialists at Arizona Critter Control can provide expert knowledge for mole removal.
In the Arizona area, moles look for food by burrowing in the yard, garden and other locations around the house. It's easier for them to dig tunnels in shallow areas in gardens and yards because they are small creatures. Moles can create quite a mess, so it's important to consider mole removal before they become a mole nightmare. The mole removal experts at Arizona Critter Control will know how to quickly trap and remove moles.
Moles often uproot grass, create tunnels, mounds and ridges. They don't often bite people or pose a risk for catching diseases, but mole removal should be considered, since they can cause a great deal of damage from burrowing and digging.
A common mole removal method is to trap the mole. Trapping moles can be tricky because they create different types of tunnels, do not have a point of entry or exit and only the "travel" tunnels will provide effective when trapping. A Arizona Critter Control mole removal expert can assist in mole removal by quickly identifying these and accelerating the trapping process.
A mole removal specialist from Arizona Critter Control will provide ideas on mole removal and how to reverse a mole problem. Preventing a small mole problem is crucial to preventing a larger mole problem. Gardeners often ponder the best methods of mole removal since these animals cause a great deal of root disturbance to plants and their tunnels can allow other rodents access to your plant roots. Contacting a mole removal expert in the Arizona area is the best solution.
To learn more about Critter Control's animal control and animal removal services, visit Our Services.
For more information on Critter Control franchises, visit Franchise Opportunities.
Interested in joining the Critter Control team? Visit Employment Opportunities for more information.


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Registration Opens: 7:45am
Opening Ceremonies: 9:30am
Walk Begins: 10:00am
Route Length: 1K Family Fun Route or 5k Route
All routes are 100% accessible and offer snacks and water at stationary rest stops.
Parking Details:
VIP Parking in Lot K with VIP Parking Passes only
General Parking in Lot K and Lot H
Accessible Parking in Lot B
Join the movement at Walk MS to bring us one step closer toward a world free of MS! Come and celebrate with thousands of fellow friends, co-workers and family members who that, like you want to stop MS in its tracks. There will be fun for the whole family as you enjoy a beautiful 5K or 1 mile walk, roll or stroll around the Rose Bowl in Pasadena. There will also be entertainment at the finish festival with food, music, face painters, team booths, fun giveaways from our sponsors and more!
Look for these LA-area events near you:


text: Robert Faricy | IBDB: The official source for Broadway Information IBDB: The official source for Broadway Information Official Broadway League sites: - sites - broadway.org broadwayleague.com broadwayfanclub.com kidsnightonbroadway.com stagespecs.org tonyawards.com Quick Search For: In This Category: All Show People/Org. Theatre Season Robert Faricy Performer Male Productions ProductionsDate of ProductionsShow Boat[Musical, Drama, Revival] Performer: Robert Faricy [Jake]May 19, 1932 - Oct 22, 1932 Find out where Robert Faricy and are credited together © 2001-2015, The Broadway League, All Rights Reserved. (Copyright and Disclaimer)


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Best of News
Parole chiave
View of a North Korean factory at the town of Ch'ongsudong-Chung-ni... Foto di attualità2013 North Korean Crisis,Cittadina,Composizione orizzontale,Corea del Nord,Dandong,Fabbrica,Montagna,Neve,Paesaggio,Politica,Provincia di Liaoning,VillaggioPhotographer MARK RALSTONCollection: AFP 2013 AFPView of a North Korean factory at the town of Ch'ongsudong-Chung-ni taken from the Chinese town of Hekoucun on February 9, 2013. US Secretary of State John Kerry warned that North Korea's expected nuclear tests only increase the risk of conflict and would do nothing to help the country's stricken people. The country has vowed to carry out a third nuclear test soon, and concerns have been raised over the type of fissile material used in the device. AFP PHOTO/Mark RALSTON (Photo credit should read MARK RALSTON/AFP/Getty Images)


text: While it may look like an ordinary document camera, that's where similarities end. The Digital Document Camera DZ-3600U is a high-resolution digital imaging system (1900 pixels x 1424 pixels) that can capture an entire 8 1/2" x 11" document, legible to 8 pt. type, and display and/or transmit intricate details that are virtually invisible to the naked eye. For the true professional presenter who values clarity and superior image quality, there's no better partner than the DZ-3600U.


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Ranked among the nation's most integrated healthcare systems, Community Health Network is Central Indiana's leader in providing convenient access to exceptional healthcare services, where and when patients need them—in hospitals, health pavilions, workplaces, schools and homes.
New appointments: 317-355-7868
16 locations in the Indianapolis area!
Bandaging and skin-care treatment for lymphedema
Do you have a persistent swelling in your arms, legs, hands or feet? You may have lymphedema, an easily treatable condition. Lymphedema can occur as a result of a blockage of lymph fluid flow in your body. This leads to a build up of fluid that can cause:
Signs and symptoms of lymphedema, which can occur months or years after an injury to a limb, include:
Community can help! We can create a specialized program for you, made up of exercise, massage and bandaging. We also can determine if you need a compression sleeve or stocking to keep swelling from recurring.
We can teach you many techniques to manage your lymphedema symptoms, including:
We tailor our program to meet your personal health needs. Early intervention is best for optimal results.
Call 317-355-7868 to make an appointment or contact a Physical Therapy and Rehab location today to learn more.
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Product Description
New for 2014! Color your own backpack and carry all your favorite stuff! The Cutie Color A Backpack includes 5 brightly colored permanent markers so you can design and color in your backpack. For ages 4
Backpack measures 9.4″W x 3.75″D x 11.8″H (24 cm x 9.5 cm x 30 cm).


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Uh-oh. Sorry, you got here by mistake. You're kind of cute, though. Can we fix you a drink before you return to the home page?
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text: David Richey Johnsen discusses his unique creations with local art enthusiasts attending a reception Jan. 11 at Gallery East on the College of Eastern Utah campus in Price. Johnsen, along with Thomas Elmo Williams, mingled with Carbon County residents who visited the exhibit and admired the works created by the Helper artists. The pieces of artwork display brilliant color and intricate detail, including paintings depicting events occurring throughout Carbon County's history. The exhibit will run through Jan. 31 at the CEU gallery.


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In the standardization of Na2S2O3 using K2Cr2O7 by iodometry, the equivalent weight of
K2Cr207 is
(1) Molecular weight/2 (2) Molecular weight/6
(3) Molecular weight/3 (4) same as molecular weight
Asked by Nancy Sharma (student) , on 17/5/12
Score more in Chemistry
Start Now with Video Lessons, Sample Papers, Revision Notes & more for Class-XII-Science - CBSE
Ask a QuestionHave a doubt? Ask our expert and get quick answers.
We have millions of interesting questions and answers in our question bank available for Free. Check out more interesting questions for you:
- Q) unit - 2 solutions 1 marks questions 1. a 500 gm of toothpaste sample has 0.2 g of fluoride concentration. what is the concentration of fluoride in terms of ppm level? 2. two liquids a and b boil at 1350c and 1850c respectively. which of them has a higher vapour pressure at 800c? 3. write the possible structural arrangement of a mixture of chloroform and acetone to form a solution. 4. what is van't hoff's factor for a compound which undergoes tetramerization in an organic solvent? 5. aquatic species are more comfortable in cold waters rather than in warm water. give reason. 2 marks questions 6. rbc's are placed in the given solutions as in figure (i)and (ii). what happens to rbc in test tube (i) and test tube (ii). rbc rbc 1% nacl 0.5% nacl (i) (ii) 7. given below is the sketch of a plant carrying out a process. 9 (i) name the process occurring in the above plant. (ii) to which container does the net flow of the solvent takes place? (iii) name one spm which can be used in this plant. (iv) give one practical use of the plant. 8. a solution of sucrose (molar mass 342 g mol-1) is prepared by dissolving 68.4 g in 1000 g of water. what is the (i) vapour pressure of the solution at 293k . (ii) osmotic pressure at 293k. (iii) boiling point of the solution. (iv) freezing point of the solution. the vapour pressure of the water at 293k is 0.023atm. kb=0.52k kg mol-1 & kf=1.86k kg mol-1 . assume the solution to behave ideally. 9. why calculations based on colligative properties of solutions sometimes do gives abnormal molecular mass values for solute? what are the nature of the abnormalities. 2g of c6h5cooh dissolved in 25g of benzene shows a depression in freezing point equal to 1.62k. molal depression constant for benzene is 4.9k kg mol-1. what is the percentage(%) of association of acid, if it forms a dimer in solution? 10. assuming complete dissociation, calculate the freezing point of a solution prepared by dissolving 6 g of glaubers salt (na2so4.10h2o) in 0.100 kg of h2o. given kf = 1.86k kg mol-1 atomic mass of h2o : 18 , na : 23 , s : 32 , o : 16 , h : 1 all in amu units. 3 marks questions 11. a) addition of hgi2 to aq. ki solution shows an increase in the vapour pressure why? b) a person suffering from high blood pressure is advised to take minimum quantity of common salt. give reason. 10 12. a) why the vapour pressure of a solution of glucose in water lower than that of water? b) 0.1 molal solution of glucose and nacl respectively. which one will have higher boiling point? 13. h2s, a toxic gas with rotten egg like smell is used for qualitative analysis. if the solubility of h2s in water at stp is 0.195 m, calculate henry's law constant (kh=282 bar) 14. examine the following illustrations and answer the following questions 1) identify the liquid a (pure water or sugar solution). 2) identify the liquid b (pure water or sugar solution). 3) why the level of liquid in thistle funnel has risen after sometime? 4) name the phenomenon involved in this experiment and define it. 15. a storage battery contains a solution of h2so4 38% by weight. at this concentration van't hoff factor is 2.50. at what temperature will the battery contents freeze? (kf for water =1.86k kg/ mol) 16. following are the graphs for the vapour pressure of two component system as a function of composition. answer the following questions. 11 fig (a) fig. (b) (i) what type of deviation is shown in fig.(a) and (b)? (ii) give one example of solutions showing deviations in fig ( a) (b). (iii) what change in the volume and temperature is observed in solutions of this type? 17. how does osmotic pressure depend on temperature and atmospheric pressure, what is the molar concentration of solute particles in the human blood, if the osmotic pressure is 7.2 atm at the body temperature of 370c? 18. the vapour pressure of dilute aqueous solution of glucose (c6h12o6) is 750 mm of mercury at 373k. calculate 1) molality 2) mole fraction of the solute 5 marks questions 19. the elements a and b form purely covalent compounds having molecular formulae ab2 and ab4. when dissolved in 20g of benzene, 1g of ab2 lowers the freezing point by 2.3k, whereas 1g of ab4 lowers it by 1.3k. the molal depression constant for benzene is 5.1 k kg/mol, calculate the atomic mass of a and atomic mass of b. (a=25.59, b=42.64) 20. a) why constant boiling mixtures behave like a single component when subjected to distillation. 12 b) what type of azeotropic mixtures are formed by the following solution i) h2o and hcl ii) h2o and c2h5oh c) give one practical application of depression of freezing point? d) a solid solution is formed between two substances. one whose particles are very large and the other particles are very small. what type of solid solution is this likely to be? e) write the raoults law for each component of a binary solution and show that the total vapour pressure of the solution may be expressed as p = p0a + (p0b – p0a) xb 21. vapour pressure of pure benzene at a certain temperature is 640 mm hg. a non-volatile non-electrolyte solid weighing 2.175g is added to 39.0 of benzene. the vapour pressure of solution is 600 mm hg. what is the molecular mass of solid substance? (65.9g mol-1 ) 22. the degree of dissociation of ca(no3 )2 in dilute solution aqueous solution containing 7.0g of the solute per 100g of water at 1000 c is 70 percent. if the vapour pressure of water at 1000 c is 760mm, calculate the vapour pressure of the solution. (746.02mm) 23. what mass of a non-volatile solute urea (nh2conh2) need to be dissolved in 100g of water in order to decrease the vapour pressure of water by 25%? also calculate the molality of the solution. (18.52m) 24. 8.0575 x 10-2 kg of glauber's salt is dissolved in water to obtain 1 dm3 of a solution of density 1077.2 kg m-3. calculate the molarity, molality & mole fraction of na2so4 in the solution. (0.2508m, 0.0045, 0.25m) 25. to 500 cm3 of water 3.0 x 10-3 kg of acetic acid is added. if 23% of acetic acid is dissociated, what will be the depression in freezing point? kf and density of water are 1.86 k kg mol-1 & 0.997 g cm-3 respectively.(0.229k) 13 unit - 3 electrochemistry 2 marks questions 1 how many faraday of charge is required for conversion of c6h5no2 into c6h5nh2? 2 explain why zn dissolves in dil. hcl to liberate h2(g) but from conc. h2so4, the gas evolved is so2. 3 cu does not dissolve in hcl but dissolves in nitric acid. explain why? 4 fluorine has a low electron gain enthalpy compared to chlorine, yet it is a more powerful oxidant. explain why? 5 if zn2+/zn electrode is diluted 100 times, then what will be the change in emf? 6 you are aquainted with the construction and working of a lead-storage battery. give the plausible reasons for these facts: 1. there is only a single compartment unlike other electrochemical cells. 2. replacement of water is necessary for maintenance. 7 for what concentration of ag+(aq.), will the emf of given cell be zero at 25 oc , if the concentration of cu(s) | cu2+(0.1m) || ag+(aq.) | ag(s)? given , e0 ag+/ag=0.80v; e0 cu2+/cu=0.34v. 8 in a small town along the costal area, it is observed that iron objects rust easily. being an industrial town, it also faces air pollution problem. identify any 4 factors which are contributing to rusting phenomenon. 9 iodine(i2) and bromine(br2) are added to a solution containing iodide(i-) and bromide ions(br-). what reaction would occur if the concentration of each species is 1m? the electrode potentials are e0 i2/i-=0.54v and e0 br2/br-=1.08v 14 3 marks questions 10 in an industrial plant, aluminium is produced by elecrolysis of alumina dissolved in cryolite. this takes a current of 20000a. if the current efficiency is 90%, how much al will be produced per day? 11 in an experiment 0.04 f was passed through 400 ml of 1m soln. of nacl. what would be ph of the soln. after elecrolysis. 12 estimate the minimum p.d. needed to reduce al2o3 at 500 0 c. the free energy change for the decomposition reaction is 960 kj. 2/3 al2o3 4/3 al + o2; x* n- 13. a cell with n/50 kcl soln. offered a resistance of 550 ohms at 298 k. the specific conductance of n/50 kcl at 298 k is 0.002768 ohm-1cm-1. when the cell is filled with n/10 znso4 soln, it offered a resistance of 72.18 ohms at 298 k. find the cell constant and molar conductance of znso4 soln. at 298k. 14. which of the following has larger molar conductance: a. 0.08 m soln. having conductivity equal to 2 × 10-2 ohm-1cm-1. b. 0.10 m soln. having resistivity equal to 5.8 ohm cm. 15. the ksp of agcl at 298 k is 1 × 10-10. calculate electrode potential of ag electrode immersed in 1 m kcl soln.. [given: e0 ag+/ag = 0.799 v ] 16. tarnished siver contains ag2s. can this tarnish be removed by immersing the tarnished silverware in an al pan containing an inert electrolyte soln. such as nacl? given that standard electrode potentials for half reactions are: ag2s(s) + 2e- 2ag(s) + s2-(aq.) is -0.71 v al3+(aq.) + 3e- al(s) is -1.66 v. 15 5 marks questions 17 observe the diagram carefully and answer the questions below: an external opposite potential is applied such that it exceeds the cell potential. a. is this an electrochemical cell or electrolytic cell? b. which substance gets dissolved? c. which substance gets deposited and where? d. write half cell reactions. e. is the needle in the voltmeter correctly marked? 18 2 beakers a and b contain 1 m znso4 solution. to a , strip of mg is dipped, while in b, a zinc rod is put. if both are connected to a standard hydrogen electrode, which cell would show a deflection? explain with suitable reason. 19 the standard electrode potentials of different electrodes are given as e0 co 3+ /co 2+ = 1.81 v, e0 al 3+ /al = -1.66 v, e0 fe 2+ /fe = -0.44 v, e0 br2/br- = 1.01 v a. identify all the possible combination for construction of a feasible electrochemical cell? b. write their electrochemical cell representation. c. calculate the emf in each case. 20 a. during electrolysis of naoh, cl2 and h2 while for molten nacl only na metal and cl2 gas are obtained. explain these observations with suitable eqn. b. electrolysis of conc. and dil. sulphuric acid are different. explain with eqn. 21 an aq. solution of aucl3 was electrolysed with a current of 0.5a until 1.20g of au had been deposited on the cathode. at another electrode in series with this, the only reaction was evolution of o2. find— 1. the no. of moles 2. the volume at ntp 3. the mass of o2 liberated 4. the no. of coulombs passed through the solution and 5. the duration of electrolysis 16 unit – 4 chemical kinetics 1 mark questions 1. if rate law is; rate = [a]3/2 [b] -1 , determine the order. 2.a gas decomposition of ab follows the rate law; rate = k[ab]3/4. write units of k. 3. state any one condition under which a bimolecular reaction may be kinetically of first order. 4. in some cases, it is found that a large number of colliding molecules have energy more than threshold energy, yet the reaction is slow. why? 5. variation of concentration of a reactant with time for a given reaction is shown below. what is its order of reaction? 6. variation of concentration of a reactant, ln[r] with time for a given reaction is shown below. what is its order of reaction? 2 / 3 mark questions 7. the kinetics of the reaction: a + 2b ® products; obeys the rate equation rate = k [a]x [b]y. for it, find a) order of the reaction b) apparent molecularity of reaction c) order of reaction when b is in large excess. 8.following reaction takes place in one step 2no (g) + o2 (g)® 2 no2 (g) 17 how will the rate of above reaction change if the volume of the reaction vessel is diminished to one third of its original volume? will there be any change in order of reaction with the reduced volume? 9. for the reaction no2 + co ® co2 + no mechanism of reaction is a) no2 + no2 ® no + no3 (slow) b) no3 + co ® co2 + no2 (fast) write its rate law. 10. the activation energy of a first order reaction is 30 kj/mol at 298k. the activation energy for the same reaction in the presence of a catalyst is 24 kj/mol at 298k. how many times the reaction rate has changed in the presence of a catalyst? 11. a reaction is carried out at two different initial concentrations of a reactant. the initial concentrations are 1mol l-1 and 2mol l-1. the half-life values obtained were20minutes and 40 minutes respectively. what is the order of reaction? 12. in the arrhenius equation fora certain reaction, the value of a and ea are 4´ 1013 s-1 and 98.6 kj mol-1 respectively. if the reaction is of first order; at what temperature will its half life period be ten minutes? 13. the time required for 10% completion of a first order reaction at 298 k is equal to that required for its 25% completion at 308k. if the pre-exponential factor for the reaction is 3.56´ 109 sec-1, calculate its rate constants at 318k and also the energy of activation. 5 mark questions 14. following is a graph between reaction co-ordinate and potential energy. explain how a catalyst influence the reaction. 15. in a given graph, if 'e' is the activation energy for a given reaction, explain how temperature influences the rate of reaction. 16. in the following figure, orientations of reaction molecules are shown. explain the influence of orientation of molecules in a chemical reaction? 18 unit-5 surface chemistry 2 marks questions 1 explain how activated charcoal adsorbs organic dye. 2. a graph between log(x/m) and log p is a straight line at angle of 450 with intercept on the y-axis( log k ) equal to 0.301. calculate the amount of the gas adsorbed per gram of the adsorbent under a pressure of 0.4 atmosphere 3 adsorption is always exothermic in nature. comment. 4 critical temperatures of n2, co, ch4 are 126, 134, and 110 k respectively. arrange them in increasing order of adsorption on the surface of activated charcoal? 5 consider the adsorption isotherms given below and interpret the variation in the extent of adsorption (x/m) when: (i) temperature increases at constant pressure. (ii) pressure increases at constant temperature 6 if the flocculation values of nacl and alcl3 are respectively 52 and 0.093, compare their coagulating powers. 7. explain how soap solution stabilizes an emulsion of oil in water? 8 what happens when a freshly precipitated fe(oh)3 is shaken with little dil. fecl3 solution? explain with possible reactions. 9 a methanol poisoned patient is treated by giving intravenous infusion of dil. ethanol. explain. [hint: influence of inhibitors] 10 how does a 'collector' separate the ore from gangue in the froth floatation process? 19 3 marks questions 11 a colloidal solution of agi is prepared by 2 different methods as shown: (i) what is the charge of agi colloidal particles in the two test tubes (a) and (b)? (ii) give reasons for the origin of charge. 12 sno2 forms a positively charged colloidal sol in the acidic medium and negatively charged sol in basic medium. explain. 13 1 g of charcoal adsorbs 100 ml of 0.5 m ch3cooh to form a monolayer and thereby the molarity of acetic acid is reduced to 0.49 m. calculate the surface area of the charcoal adsorbed by each molecule of acetic acid. surface area of charcoal = 3.01 × 102 m2/g. 14 to 100 ml of m/2 oxalic acid solution 2 g of active charcoal is added. after adsorption the strength of solution is reduced to m/4. calculate the acid adsorbed by 1 g of charcoal. 15 explain why: (i) at sunset an orange colour develops in the sky. (ii) bleeding due to a small cut can be stopped by rubbing alum. activated charcoal is used in gas masks used by coal miners. 20 unit - 6 general principles and process of isolation of elements 1 mark questions 1. during metallurgical process, in the extraction of metal, flux is added. why? 2. 'reduction of a metal oxide is easier if the metal formed is in liquid state at the temperature of reduction. why? 3. although thermodynamically feasible, in practice, magnesium metal is not used for the reduction of alumina in the metallurgy of aluminium. why? 4. can mg reduce al2o3 and al reduces mgo? state the conditions required for this reduction process. 2 / 3 marks questions 5. at a site, low grade copper ores are available and zinc and iron scraps are also available. which of the two scraps would be more suitable for reducing the leached copper ore and why? 6. the value of dfgo for formation of cr2o3 is – 540 kj mol-1 and that of al2o3 is – 827 kj mol-1. is the reduction of cr2o3 possible with al? 7. why is zinc not extracted from zinc oxide through reduction using co? 8. cinnabar (hgs) abd galena (pbs) on roasting often give their respective metals but zinc blende (zns) does not. why? 9. the choice of a reducing agent in a particular case depends upon thermodynamic factor. how far do you agree with this statement? explain? 10."the extraction of ag by leaching with nacn involves both oxidation and reduction". explain? 11.out of c and co which is a better reducing agent at 673 k? 21 unit-7 p- block elements 1 mark questions 1. which amongst the following is the strongest oxidizing agent? clo4 -, bro4 -, io4 - 2. a student wanted to draw his school building on a glass sheet, which acid he should use? 3. nitrogen and p give negative ions, while as, sb and bi do not. why? 4. sea weeds are the sources of which halogen? 5. when nabr is heated with conc h2so4 ,br2 is produced but when nacl is heated with conc h2so4, hcl is produced. why? 6. which oxo-acid of phosphorus contains p-p linkage? 7. out of hclo3 and hclo4, which has lower pka value and why? 8. name the acidic hydride of n2? 9. state the difference between the nature of pi bonds in h3po3 and hno3 molecules? 10. name the gas liberated when ammonium nitrate is strongly heated. 11. give one disproportionation reaction of h3po3. 2 mark questions 12. oxides of nitrogen have open chain structure, while those of phosphorous have closed chain or cage structures. why is it so? 13. complete the following : i. hno3 + p4o10 æ ii. io3 - + i- + h+ æ 22 iii. nh3 + naocl æ iv. sbcl3 + h2o æ 14. calculate the amount of 0.1 m naoh solution required to neutralize the solution produced by dissolving 1.1 g of p4o6 in water. 15. explain giving reason. nitrogen exists as a diatomic molecule whereas phosphorous exists as tetra atomic molecule. 16. name the hydrogen halide which is liquid at room temperature and why? 17. which oxide of sulphur is capable of acting as oxidizing as well as reducing agent? why? 18. (sih3)3 n is a weaker base than (ch3)3 n. give reason. 19. cn- ion is known but is cp- not known. give reason. 20. explain giving reason. nf3 is an exothermic compound but ncl3 is an endothermic compound. 21. which halogen will produce o2 and o3 as passed through water? 22. nitrogen forms a large no. of oxides than phosphorous. explain. 3 marks question 23. account for the following i. chlorine water has both oxidizing and bleaching properties. ii. h3po2 and h3po3 act as good reducing agents while h3po4 doesn't. 24. an organic compound a gives a brick red flame on performing flame test. the compound gives the following tests also i. it gives smell of chlorine when placed in moist air. ii. if ki and ch3cooh are added to the solution of the compound a violet colour is observed. identify the compound and write the chemical reactions for the steps (i) and (ii). 23 25. give reasons for each of the following observations i. only higher members of the group 18 of the periodic table are expected to form compounds. ii. no2 readily forms a dimer whereas clo2 doesn't. 26. give reasons for the following observations i. sf6 is used as gaseous electrical insulators. ii. s exhibit greater tendency for catenation than selenion. iii. the electron gain enthalpy value of f2 is less negative than chlorine. 27. bleaching of flowers by cl2 is permanent, by so2 it is temporary. explain? 28. hydrogen halides are covalent compounds but their aqueous solutions can conduct electric current. explain. 29. which of the halogens (except at) i. forms the weakest acid? ii. has the largest atom? iii. has the minimum ionization enthalpy? iv. has the maximum electron affinity? 30. knowing the electron gain enthalpy values for o æ o- and o æ o2- as -141 kj/mol and 702 kj/mol respectively, how can you account for the formation of a large no. of oxides having o2- species and not o- (clue: lattice enthalpy). 31. what happens when so2 is passed through an aq. solution of fe (iii) salt. give equation. 5 marks question 32. an element 'a' exists as a yellow solid in standard state. it forms a volatile hydride 'b' which is a foul smelling gas and is extensively used in qualitative analysis of salts. 24 when treated with oxygen, 'b' forms an oxide 'c' which is colourless, pungent smelling gas. this gas when passed through acidified kmno4 solution, decolourizes it. 'c' gets oxidized to another oxide 'd' in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst. identify a, b, c, d and also give the chemical equation of reaction of 'c' with acidified kmno4 solution and for conversion of 'c' to 'd'. 33. concentrated sulphuric acid is added followed by heating to each of the following test tubes labelled (i) to (v) identify in which of the above test tube the following change will be observed. support your answer with the help of a chemical equation. (a) formation of black substance (b) evolution of brown gas (c) evolution of colourless gas (d) formation of brown substance which on dilution becomes blue (e) disappearance of yellow powder along with evolution of colourless gas. 34. when conc. sulphuric acid was added to an unknown salt present in a test tube, a brown gas (a) was evolved. this gas intensified when copper turnings were also added into this tube. on cooling, the gas 'a' changed into a colourless gas 'b'. (a) identify the gases a and b. (b) write the equations for the reactions involved. 25 35. a translucent white waxy solid 'a' on heating in an inert atmosphere is converted in to its allotropic form (b). allotrope 'a' on reaction with very dilute aqueous koh librates a highly poisonous gas 'c' having rotten fish smell. with excess of chlorine 'a' forms 'd' which hydrolysis to compound 'e'. identify compounds 'a' to 'e' . 36. a colourless inorganic salt (a) decomposes completely at about 250 c to give only two products, (b) and (c), leaving no residue. the oxide (c) is a liquid at room temperature and neutral to moist litmus paper while the gas (b) is a neutral oxide. white phosphorus burns in excess of (b) to produce a strong white dehydrating agent. write balanced equations for the reactions involved in the above process. gradual addition of ki to bi(no3)3 solution initially produces a dark brown precipitate which dissolves in excess of ki to give a clear yellow solution. write chemical equations for the a 26 unit - 8 the d- and f- block elements 1 mark questions 1. ce4+ has a noble gas electronic configuration, but it is used as an oxidizing agent in volumetric analysis. give reason. 2 state why flourine stabilizes higher oxidation states? 3. cro4 2- is a strong oxidizing agent while mno4 2- is not. why? 4. why is cu2cl2 colourless and cucl2 coloured? 5. which is stronger base la(oh)3 or lu(oh)3? why? 6. it is found that ce4+ is a good oxidizing agent whereas sm2+ is a good reducing agent. state the reason for this difference. 7. actinoid contraction is greater from element to element than lanthanoid contraction. why? 8. mn2+ is more stable than mn3+. give the reason? 9. observe the following equation and identify the phenomenon takes place: 3mno4 2- + 4h+ 2mno4 - + mno2 + 2h2o 10. cr2o7 2- 2cro4 2- how does this equilibrium can be shifted to right? 2 marks questions 11. an yellow translucent solution is obtained on passing h2s gas through an acidified solution of kmno4. identify the solution and write the balanced chemical equation. 12. electronic configuration of cu(i) is [xe]3d10 and that of cu(ii) is [xe]3d9. which is more stable in aqueous solution? why? 13. electronic configuration of four metals a,b and c are give below: a: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d10 b: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 c: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d5 identify the transition metals among them. 14. zr (4d series) and hf (5d series) have similar radi and have similar physical and chemical properties. explain why? 27 15. in a given series the difference in the ionization enthalpies between any two successive d block elements is very much less than that in case of s and p block elements. give the explanation. 16. cu+ is unstable in aqueous solution and disproportionate as 2cu+ cu2+ + cu why does cu+ disproportionate in aqueous solution? 17. observe the following reaction: 2fe3+ + 2i- 2fe2+ + i2 2fe2+ +s2o8 2- 2fe3+ +2so4 2- (i) identify the role of fe3+ in this reaction (ii) which property of fe is used up here. 18. among the oxides of chromium cro3 is acidic, cr2o3 is amphoteric and cro is basic. state reasons for these observations. 19. for the first row of transition metals the e, values are elements v cr mn fe co ni cu e,(m2+/ m) in volts -1.18 -0.91 -1.18 -0.44 -0.28 -0.25 +0.34 observe the values and write the reasons for irregularities. 20. give reasons for the following: (i) mn2+ is more stable than mn3+ (ii) the colour of cucr2o7 in water is green. 3 marks questions 21. the structure of chromate ion and dichromate ion are given below; o 2- 2- cr o o o o o o cr 126o cr o o o o they are interconvertible in aqueous solution depending upon ph of the solution. give the possible reason for this phenomenon along with the balanced chemical equations. 28 22. when an orange coloured crystalline compound 'a' was heated with common salt and concentrated h2so4, an orange red coloured gas 'b' was evolved. the gas 'b' on passing through naoh solution gave an yellow solution c (i) identify a,b and c. (ii) write balanced chemical equation involved in the reactions. 23. observe the following graph and answer the questions given below: 4 w re ta os nb mo 3 hf ru ir tc zr cr rh pt 2 v fe co pd ti mn ni cu mp/103k ag au 1 atomic number (i) why melting point of transition elements generally increases towards middle in each series. (ii) why mn and tc in 3d and 4d series respectively have low values of melting points. (hint: d5 – stable electronic configuration; electrons held tightly by nucleus; delocalization is less and metallic bond is weak) 29 (iii) why the last members of each series show low values of melting points? 24. elements sc ti v cr mn fe co ni cu zn ¨ih,ii 1235 1309 1414 1592 1509 1561 1644 1752 1988 1734 ¨ih,iii 2393 2657 2833 2990 3266 2962 3243 3462 3556 3829 observe the table and give plausible reasons for the following trends: (i) the second ionization enthalpy values of cr and cu are unusually high. (ii) the second ionization enthalpy of zn is comparatively low. (iii) the third ionization enthalpy of mn and zn are unusually high. 25. observe the following table and explain the statements given below: elements ti v cr mn fe co e,(m3+/ m2+) in volts -0.37 -0.26 -0.41 1.57 0.77 1.97 (i) mn has high e, value. (ii) comparatively low e, value of v. (iii) comparatively low e, value of fe. 26. a mixed oxide of iron and chromium feocr2o3 is fused with sodium carbonate in presence of air to form a yellow coloured compound (a). on acidification the compound (a) forms an orange coloured compound (b) which is a strong oxidizing agent. (i) identify the compounds (a) and (b) (ii) write balanced chemical equations for each step. 5 marks questions 27. (a) a blackish brown coloured solid (a) when fused with alkali metal hydroxides in presence of air produces a dark green compound (b), which on electrolytic oxidation in alkaline medium gives a dark purple compound (c). identify (a), (b) and (c) and write balanced chemical equations for the reactions involved. (b) what happens when an acidic solution of the green coloured compound (b) is allowed to stand for some time? give the equation of the reaction involved. what is this type of reaction called? (hint: mno4 2- changes to mno4 -) 28. (a) reacts with h2so4 to form purple coloured solution (b) which reacts with ki to form colourless compound (c). the colour of (b) disappears with acidic solution of feso4. with concentrated h2so4 (b) forms (d) which can decompose to give a black compound (e) and o2. identify (a) to (e) and write equations for the reactions involved. 30 unit - 9 co-ordination compounds 1 mark questions 1. write the iupac name of the complex na3[cr(oh)2f4]. 2. write the iupac name of [co(en)2cl(ono)]+ 3. which of these cannot act as ligand and why: nh3, h2o, co, ch4. give reason? 4. nh3 is strong ligand nh4 + ion is not, why? 5. which of the two is more stable k4[fe(cn)6] or k3[fe(cn)6]. 2 / 3 mark questions 1. a coordination compound has a formula (cocl3. 4nh3). it does not liberate nh3 but precipitates chloride ion as agcl. give the iupac name of the complex and write its structural formula. 2. how is stability of co-ordination compounds determined in aqueous solution? select a complex formation reaction and write an expression for the stability constant of the complex. mention the factors affecting stability of complexes. 3. why do tetrahedral complex not show geometrical isomerism? 4. write the correct formula for the following co-ordination compounds. crcl3 . 6h2o (violet, with 3 chloride ions/ unit formula) crcl3 . 6h2o (light green colour with 2 chloride ions/ unit formula) crcl3 . 6h2o (dark green colour, with 1 chloride ion/ unit formula) 5. aqueous copper sulphate solution (blue in colour) gives: a. a green precipitate with aqueous potassium flouride b. a bright green solution with aqueous potassium chloride. explain these experimental results. 6. identify complexes with different geometries depending upon the type of hybridization. (a) [co (nh3)6]3+ (b) [cof6]3- 7. one mole of complex compound co(nh3)5cl3 gives 3 moles of ions on dissolution in water. one mole of same complex reacts with 2 moles of agcl(s). what is the structure of the complex and write its formula. 8. when an aquous solution of nickel (ii) chloride is mixed with ethane-1,2 diamine(en) in the molar ratios en : ni=1:1, 2:1 and 3:1, the green coloured solution finally turns violet. explain the chemical reactions based on the data provided. 31 unit - 10 haloalkanes and haloarenes 1 iodoform gives the precipitate with agno3 on heating while chloroform does not. give reasons 2 the following reaction give 2 products. write their structures .c 6h5ch2chclc6h5 [hint: the 2 are geometrical isomers] 3 predict the products of the following reactions: a. hcl with ch3ccl=ch2 b. hbr with ch3ch=c(ch3)2 4 monochlorination of ethane to ethyl chloride is more practical than chlorination of npentane. give reasons 5 an optically active compound having molecular formula c7h15br reacts with aq. koh to give racemic mixture of products. write the mechanism involved in the reaction. [hint: a carbocation being planar, allows attack of nucleophile from either direction.] 6 a. which of the following 2 compounds would react faster by sn2 pathway:- 1- bromobutane or 2-bromobutane and why? b. allyl chloride is more reactive than n-propyl chloride towards nucleophilic substitution reaction. explain why? c. haloalkanes react with kcn to give alkyl cyanides as main product while with agcn, they form isocyanide as the main product. give reasons. 7 in each of the following pairs of organic compounds, identify the compound which will undergo sn1reaction faster. also give reason with related structures. alc.koh heat 32 8 p-nitrobenzene undergoes nucleophilic substitution faster than chlorobenzene. explain giving the resonating structures as well. 9 the structural formulas of the organic compounds. a, b, c, d in the following sequence of reactions 10 rearrange the following in order of increasing ease of dehydrohalogenation: ch3ch2ch2cl, ch3chclch3, ch3ccl(ch3)2. give reasons. 11 write formulae for structural and geometrical isomers of c3h4cl2. [hint: total 7 structures 12 when toluene is chlorinated: a. in presence of sunlight b. in dark, in the presence of lewis acid, two separate compounds are obtained. explain with suitable mechanism. 13 predict the order of reactivity of the following compounds in sn1 and sn2 reactions, giving reasonsa. c6h5ch2br, c6h5ch(c6h5)br, c6h5ch(ch3)br, c6h5c(ch3)(c6h5)br the 4 isomeric bromobutanes 14 arrange the following isomeric substituted haloarenes in ascending order of their reactivity towards naoh to form corresponding substituted phenols. 15 arrange the following halocompounds in decreasing order of reactivity towards sn1 nucleophilic substitution reaction, vinyl chloride, benzyl chlorides, iso propyl bromide. 33 unit-11 alcohols, phenols & ethers 1 marks questions 1. write the iupac name of the product formed by the catalytic reduction of butanal. 2. how can you prepare phenol from aminobenzene. 3. para-amino phenol is less acidic than phenol. give reason. 4. arrange the following alcohols in the order of increasing reactivity towards lucas reagent: 2-butanol, 1-butanol, 2-methyl-2-propanol. 5. which bond of alcohol is cleaved during its reaction with carboxylic acid? 6. which structural isomer of butanol cannot be dehydrogenated by copper at 573k? 2 marks questions 7. anisole reacts with hi to give phenol and methyl iodide and not iodobenzene and methylalcohol. give reason. 8. write the equations of the reactions which takes place when i. thionyl chloride is treated with 2-propanol. ii. cumene hydroperoxide is treated with dil. h2so4. 9. why is that the phenol is acidic and hexanol is neutral towards a solution of naoh. 10. out of bezene and phenol which is more easily nitrated and why? 11. a) di-tert-butyl ether cannot be made by williamson's synthesis. explain why? b) name the carbocation formed when 3,3 di-2-butanol is treated with dilute acid. 12. write the steps involved in the mechanism of acid catalysed hydration of propene. 34 13. give a chemical test to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds i. phenol and cyclohexanol. ii. propan-2-ol and benzylalcohol. 3 marks questions 14. an organic compound (a) having molecular formula c6h6o gives a characteristic colour with aqueous fecl3 solution (a) on treatment with co2 and naoh at 400 k under high pressure gives (b) which on acidification gives a compound (c). c reacts with acetyl chloride to give (d), which is a popular pain killer. deduce the structures of (a), (b), (c) and (d). 15. write the chemical equations and reaction conditions for the conversion of i. phenol to salicylaldehyde. ii. methanol to ethanol iii. anisole to 4-methoxyacetophenone 16. name the reagents for the following i. oxidation of primary alcohol to aldehyde. ii. oxidation of primary alcohol to carboxylic acid. iii. dehydration of prapan-2-ol to propene. iv. reduction of butan-2-one to butan-2-ol. 17. complete the following reaction ch3-choh-ch3 conc h 2 so 4 , 170'c (a) hbr / h2o2 (c) koh aqueous (b) 18. compound (a) reacts with socl2 to give compound (b). b reacts with mg to form grignard reagent which is treated with acetone and the product is hydrolyzed to give 2-methylbutan-2-ol. what are a and b compounds? 35 ch2-ch3 cooh unit-12 aldehydes ketones and carboxylic acids 1-mark questions 1) identify x. 2) identify b and c in the following reaction. + b 3) arrange the following compounds in the increasing order of their boiling points. ch3ch2ch2ch3, ch3och2ch3, ch3ch2cho, ch3coch3, ch3ch2ch2oh 4) propanal is more reactive than propanone. give the reason. 5) a no reaction observe the reactions and state why the compound a is oxidized where as compound b is not oxidized by alkaline kmno4? c kmno4 - koh kmno4 - koh b a 36 ? 6) which one among the following is the strongest acid? 7) identify the reagent used in the following conversion. 8) fluorine is more electronegative than chlorine even then p-fluorobenzoic acid is weaker acid than p-chlorobenzoic acid. state the plausible reason for this. 9) identify a and b in the following reaction: a + b (i) o3 (ii) zn/h2o 37 2- mark questions 10) for the reaction: + nahso3 the position of equilibrium lies largely to the right hand side for most aldehydes and to the left for most ketones. find out the reason. 11) identify the following named reactions and write the reagents used: ch3cho ch3-ch3 + h2o ch3coch3 ch3ch2ch3 + n2 12) aldol condensation of a ketone in presence of dilute alkali gives 4-hydroxy -4-methylpentan- 2-one.write the structure of ketone and its iupac name. 13) which among the following compounds give cannizzaro reaction and state the reason? ,ch3cho, ch3coch3. proton transfer 38 14) predict the products of the following reactions: + ho-nh2 r-ch=ch-cho + nh2-c-nh-nh2 r 15) the decreasing order of acidity of a few carboxylic acids is given below: c6h5cooh > c6h5ch2cooh > ch3cooh > ch3ch2cooh. explain plausible reason for the order of acidity followed. 16) an organic compound a, molecular formula c9h10o forms 2,4 dnp derivative, reduces tollens reagent and undergoes cannizaros reaction. on vigorous oxidation it gives 1,2- benzene dicarboxylic acids. identify a. (hint: an aldehyde which do not contain . hydrogen atom.) 17) do the following conversion using suitable reagents not more than two steps: a. ethanol to 3-hydroxy butanal. b. bromobenzene to 1-phenyl ethanol. 18) compound a c4h8cl2 is hydrolysed to a compound b c4h8o which form an oxime with nh2oh and give negative tollens test. what are the structures of a and b. write balanced chemical equations for the reactions involved. (hint: a is a gemdihallide and b is a ketone) 19) write the structure of the product and name the reaction. ? o h+ o h+ i2 | naoh 39 20) give reasons for the following: i) iodoform is obtained when methyl ketones react with hypoiodite but not with iodide. (hint: hypoiodite ion being stronger base than iodide ion, can easily remove acidic hydrogen atom.) ii) hydrazones of aldehydes and ketones are not prepared in highly acidic medium. (hint: in strong acidic medium n of reagent gets protonated to get an electrophile which cannot react.) 21) both and give addition reactions. how do the addition reactions differ in both the cases and explain why? hint: formed between two similar atoms having same electronegativity. formed between two different atoms with different electronegativities. 22) benzaldehyde gives positive test with tollens reagent but not with fehlings solution. state the reason. hint:+r effect increases electron density on carbonyl group and c-h become strong. ag(nh3)2 +is a stronger oxidizing agent than cu2+ + tartarate + base. 23) write the structures of the products in the following reactions: + cro3 40 (ii) nanh2 dil. h2so4 3-mark questions 24) naocl a + b a. write the structures of a and b. b. identify any two important features of this reaction. (hint: - structural characteristics of compounds giving haloform reaction.) 25) socl2 anhydrous zn(hg) a b c alcl3 conc. hcl write the structures of a, b and c. 26) compound x, containing chlorine on treatment with strong ammonia gives a solid y which is free from chlorine. y on analysis gives c=49.31%, h=9.59% and n=19.18% and reacts with br2 and caustic soda to give a basic compound z. z reacts with hno2 to give ethanol. suggest structures for x, y and z. hint: calculate the empirical formula of the compound. y reacts with br2 and alkali indicates that it is amide. 27) complete the following equation and write the structures of a, b, c, d, e and f. p/br2 alc.koh br2|ccl4 (i) alc.koh hg2+ nh2oh | h+ a ch3ch2ch2br b c d e f 41 28) a compound x (c2h4o) on oxidation gives y (c2h4o2). x undergoes haloform reaction. on treatment with hcn, x forms a product z which on hydrolysis gives 2-hydroxy propanoic acid. a. write down the structures of x and y. b. name the product when x reacts with dil. naoh. c. write down the equations for the reactions involved. hint: - x is an aldehyde since it has general formula cnh2no and has only two carbon atoms. 5- mark questions 29) an alkene (a with molecular formula c7h14) on ozonolysis yields an aldehyde. the aldehyde is easily oxidized to an acid (b). when b is treated with bromine in presence of phosphorous it yields a compound (c) which on hydrolysis gives a hydroxy acid (d). this acid can also be obtained from acetone by the reaction with hydrogen cyanide followed by hydrolysis. identify a, b, c and d and write the chemical equations for the reactions involved. 30) five isomeric para-di- substituted aromatic compounds, a to e with molecular formula c8h8o2 were given for identification. based on the following observations give the structures of the compounds: both a and b form silver mirror with tollens reagent, also b gives a positive test with fecl3. c gives positive iodoform test. d is readily extracted in aqueous nahco3 solution. e on acid hydrolysis gives 1,4-dihydroxy benzene. hint: a and b contain cho groups since they've shown positive tollens test. b has phenolic group as it reacts with fecl3 solution. c should have –ch3co group. d should have –cooh group. e should be p-hydroxy phenyl vinyl ether. 42 unit – 13 amines 1 / 2 / 3 marks questions 1. arrange the following in order of decreasing basic strength (a) ethyl amine, ammonia, triethyl amine (b) aniline, p- nitroaniline , p- toluidine 2. amine group in aniline is ortho and para directing. why does then aniline on nitration give substantial amount of m-nitroaniline 3. primary amines have higher boiling points than tertiary amines. why? 4. 'amide are more acidic than amines'. why? 5. arrange the following amines in the ascending order of basic strength giving reason-etnh2, et2nh, et3n, in aqueous solution? 6. explain the role of mineral acid in the reaction of a carbonyl compound with kcn (aq)? 7. why is acetonitrile preferred as a solvent for running organic reaction? 8. why aniline is acetylated first to prepare mono bromo derivative? 9. ammonolysis of alkyl halide does not give a corresponding amine in pure state. explain? 11. explain why methyl bromide reacts with kcn go give mostly methyl cyanide but it reacts with agcn to give mostly methyl isocyanide. 12. why is necessary to maintain the temperature between 273 k and 278 k during diazotization? 13. why does silver chloride dissolve in aqueous methyl amine solution? 14. how can the following conversion be carried out :- (a) p-toluidine to 2- bromo-4- methylanline (b) aniline to iodobenzene (c) aniline to benzonitrile 43 unit-14 biomolecules 1 mark question 1 how many chiral centres are there in d-(-)-fructose? 2 where does the water present in the egg go after boiling the egg? 3 why do monosaccharides form cyclic structures? 4 1dph wkh .-amino acids obtained when tripeptide(gly-ala-leu) is hydrolysed. 5 explain how curdling of milk occurs. what structural changes take place? 6 drugs which are proteins such as insulin cannot be taken by mouth but must be injected. why? 7 .amino acids show amphoteric behavior. explain 8 in alkaline solution, an amino acid contains 2 basic groups – nh2 and –coo-, which is more basic? if acid is added to the solution, what will happen? 9 in a quite acidic solution, the aa contains 2 acidic groups- nh3 and -cooh , which is more acidic? if a base is added to the solution, what will happen? 10 sucrose is dextrorotary. its structure is given as: a. what happens when sucrose solution is treated with tollen's reagent and why? b. its aqueous solution exhibits a change in rotation . why? 44 12 the melting points and solubility in water of amino acids are generally higher than that of corresponding lab acids. explain. 13 activation energy for acid hydrolysis of sucrose is 6.22 kj mol-1 while it is only 2.15 kj mol-1 when hydrolysed by enzyme sucrose. a) write the mechanism of the enzyme catalysed reaction b) also depict the progress of reaction against energy in both cases, diagrammatically. 14 when dna is hydrolysed, there is a definite relation among the quantities of different bases obtained. but for hydrolysis of rna, it is not so. what does this suggest about the structure of dna and rna? 15 identify and explain the various forces which stabilize protein structure. 11 starch forms an emulsion rather than solution with water. explain. 45 unit - 15 polymers 1 mark questions 1. arrange the following polymers in the increasing order of their intermolecular forces. also classify them as additional and condensation polymers: nylon 66, buna-s, polythene 2. give name and structure of reagent used for initiating a free radical chain reaction? 3. why is cationic polymerisation preferred in case of vinylic monomers containing electron donating groups? 4. arrange the following in the increasing order of their intermolecular forces nylon – 66, buna- s, polythene. 2 / 3 marks questions 1. state the significance of numbers in the polymer name nylon –6 and nylon – 66. 2. what are linear polymer and branched chain polymers. how do these differ from cross-linked polymers? 3. write the difference between polyacrylates and polyesters. 4. differentiate between chain growth and step growth polymerization. 5. write the structure of a reagent used for initiating a free radical chain reaction. 6. will you prefer to polymerize, acrylonitrile under anionic or cationic polymerization? 7. how does the presence of ccl4 influence the course of vinyl free radical polymerization? 8. why does styrene undergo anionic polymerization easily? 9. how vulcanization does changes the character of natural rubber? 46 unit -16 chemistry in everyday life 1 mark question 1) which among the following is a semi synthetic modification of penicillin erythromycin, ampicillin, tetracycline, ofloxacin. 2) substances produced wholly or partly by chemical synthesis, which in low concentrations inhibits the growth or destroys microorganisms by intervening in their metabolic processes. identify the substance. 3) drugs are classified as aspirin – analgesic chlordiazepoxide – tranquilizer penicillin – antibiotic mention on what basis the above classification is done? + 4) ch3 | - ch3(ch2)15 n — ch3 br | ch3 identify the type of detergent given in the above structure. 5) which of the following drug combinations is not correct and state why? chloramphenicol – broad spectrum antibiotic. equanil – sedative. phenacetin – antipyretic. bithional – tranquilizer. 47 2 mark questions 6) analysis of water in a place shows that the water contains magnesium chloride. the people in that place are advised to use detergents for washing clothes. why? 7) pick out the odd one from the following and mention why? erythromycin, penicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol 8) antiallergics and antacids are antihistamines. can antiallergics be used to reduce the acidity of the stomach? give plausible reason for your answer. 9) following drugs are used as analgesics. one among them is different from others. identify it and state the reason. morphine, heroin, aspirin, codeine. 10) i. identify the compound. ii. what is its use? 11) birth control pills essentially contain a mixture of synthetic estrogen and progesterone. what are estrogen and progesterone? why are they used in birth control pills? 12) sodium and potassium soaps are only used for cleaning purposes. why? 13) detergents containing unbranched chains are more preferable than those containing branched chains. state the reason. 14) low level of noradrenalin is the cause of depression. suggest drugs to cure this problem? 48 3 mark questions 15) observe the diagram and answer the questions given below: i. name the drug target. ii. what is meant by allosteric site? iii. mention the role of inhibitors. 16) observe and identify the steps a, b, c from the diagram given below: 17) sodium hydrogen carbonate and ranitidine are used as antacids. which one is a better choice? why? 18) identify the following substances: i. it is about 550 times as sweet as cane sugar and excreted from body in urine unchanged. ii. it is 100 times as sweet as cane sugar and its use is limited to cold food and soft drinks as it is unstable at cooking temperature. iii. it is a trichloro derivative of sucrose and it is stable at room temperature.
- Q) how to find antilog of a negative and a positive number?
- Q) please give all the important name reactions of cbse 12th class syllabus.
- Q) what is hardy schulze rule ?
- Q) how to convert toluene to benzene ?


text:
Wellington City Councilwoman Amber Adair has moved out of town and has had to resign her seat on the council.
The city is now accepting written submissions for a replacement for the rest of her term, which ends Dec. 31, 2013.
The qualifications include: United States citizenship, being a registered voter in Wellington, being a resident for 12 consecutive months, and not being a convicted felon, unless the right to hold elective offices has been restored.
Interested persons may apply at the city recorder's office, 150 West Main St., or by mail addressed to Wellington City, Attention Ken Power, PO Box 559, Wellington, UT 84542.
Deadline is 5 p.m., April 3.
The council will fill the vacancy at its regular meeting on April 4 at 7 p.m.


text:
Moderator: Other Stuff Mods
black bart wrote:There's nothing quite like a bit of 'usurping' when all's said and done (I wont wear the stockings though...they chafe!).
FaithfulPirate42 wrote:I nearly died watching this one.
black bart wrote:FaithfulPirate42 wrote:I nearly died watching this one.
Oh dear...I laughed but...the poor thing, what's wrong with it?
Mahatma Andy wrote:I'm guessing this has been seen by pretty much everyone but:
nicci wrote:Best video? Hmmmm well , certainly best song.... (A must for anyone who uses the tube/underground or liked the Jam)
http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=FYVJSOFZx ... re=related
Mind you... this is totally Ewwwwwwww , so take your pick
http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=2R7QX0zIj... re=related
nicci wrote: Mind you... this is totally Ewwwwwwww , so take your pick
http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=2R7QX0zIj ... re=related
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2011 Maserati GranTurismo
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MPG Range:
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2011 Maserati GranTurismo Resale Values
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2011 Maserati GranTurismo Packages / Options
Maserati GranTurismo Base Coupe Options
Alcantara Headliner - $1,750
Colored Caliper - Silver - $750
Colored Caliper - Silver
Colored Caliper - Blue - $750
Colored Caliper - Blue
Colored Caliper - Red - $750
Colored Caliper - Red
Colored Caliper - Titanium - $750
Colored Caliper - Titanium
Colored Caliper - Yellow - $750
Colored Caliper - Yellow
High Gloss Painted Interior Wood Trim - $2,500
High gloss painted interior wood trim
Car Cover - $400
Car Cover
Perforated Leather - $925
Perforated Leather
Upper/Lower Dashboard and Rear Shelf - Color Upon Request - $1,175
Dashboard and rear shelf - special color
Dual-Color Interior (Door Panels, Cross Stitching) w/Full Leather - $7,900
Dual-Color Interior w/Full Leather
Front Park Sensors - $800
Front parking distance sensors
Floor Mat Piping Color Upon Request - $100
Floor Mat Piping Color Upon Request
Out of Range Paint Color - $2,900
Customized paint; Excludes: [PNT3] Bianco Fuji Pearlescent Paint
Bianco Fuji Pearlescent Paint - $8,800
Pearl paint; Excludes: [PNT0] Out of Range Paint Color
20" Birdcage Design - $3,300
Alloy wheels: 20"x 8.5", alloy wheels: 20"x 10.5"; Birdcage design wheels; Excludes: [RIM17] 19" Wheels Grigio Mercury "V-Style" And [RIM12] 20" Grigio Mercury Birdcage Design
20" Grigio Mercury Birdcage Design - $4,200
Alloy wheels: 20"x 8.5", alloy wheels: 20"x 10.5"; 20" Grigio Mercury Birdcage design; Excludes: [RIM17] 19" Wheels Grigio Mercury "V-Style" And [RIM11] 20" Birdcage Design
19" Wheels Grigio Mercury "V-Style" - $800
Alloy wheels: 19"x; 19" wheels Grigio Mercury "V-Style"; Excludes: [RIM11] 20" Birdcage Design And [RIM12] 20" Grigio Mercury Birdcage Design
Stitching Color on Request - $375
Stitching Color on Request
Steering Wheel and Gear Shift Knob in Colored Leather - $425
Steering wheel/shift knob in colored ltr
Steering Wheel in Wood Trim and Black Leather - $1,365
Wood & leather-trimmed, steering wheel; Steering wheel in wood and black leather; Excludes: [SWWL] Steering Wheel in Wood Trim and Black Leather
Steering Wheel in Wood Trim and Black Leather - $1,600
Wood & leather-trimmed, steering wheel; Steering wheel in wood/colored leather; Excludes: [SWWD] Steering Wheel in Wood Trim and Black Leather
Tanganyka Interior Trim (Interior Trim, Gear Knob) - $0
Tanganyka interior trim; Luxury trim: wood/woodgrain on doors and wood/woodgrain on dashboard; Excludes: [WD20] Walnut Briarwood Interior Trim (Interior Trim, Gear Knob)
Walnut Briarwood Interior Trim (Interior Trim, Gear Knob) - $0
Walnut Briarwood interior trim; Luxury trim: wood/woodgrain on doors and wood/woodgrain on dashboard; Excludes: [WD11] Tanganyka Interior Trim (Interior Trim, Gear Knob)
2011 Maserati GranTurismo Ownership Costs
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Ownership costs can differ greatly. The cost to own and operate two different vehicles with equal purchase prices can differ by thousands. Of course when evaluating ownership cost for used cars and trucks, a vehicle's condition and mileage will greatly impact ownership costs, therefore it's important to compare similar vehicles in similar condition for an accurate picture.
2011 Maserati GranTurismo Exterior, Interior, Misc Photos
2011 Maserati GranTurismo 360 Virtual Tour
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2011 Maserati GranTurismo Performance
Engine: 4.2L Veight-cylinder DOHC with variable valve timing and four valves per cylinder
Premium unleaded fuel
Fuel economy: EPA (08):, 13 MPG city, 20 MPG highway, 15 MPG combined and 341 mi. range
Multi-point fuel injection
22.7gallon fuel tank
Power (SAE): 405 hp @ 7,100 rpm; 339 ft lb of torque @ 4,750 rpm
2011 Maserati GranTurismo Handling
Cornering brake control
Ventilated four-wheel disc brakes
Electronic brake distribution
Electronic traction control (via ABS & engine management)
Rear mechanical limited-slip differential
Driver selectable responsive suspensionfeatures: electronic-control
Maserati Stability Program (MSP) stability control
Independent front and rear wishbone suspension with stabilizer bar and coil springs
Tire kit
2011 Maserati GranTurismo Exterior
Body-color front and rear bumpers
Driver and passenger power, heated ,body-color door mirrors, passenger power, heated ,body-color door mirrors
Exterior dimensions: 192.2 in. overall length, 75.4 in. overall width, 53.3 in. overall height, 115.8 in. wheelbase, 62.4 in. front track, 62.6 in. rear track and 35.1 ft. curb-to-curb turning circle
Electric foldable mirrors
Front fog lights
Headlight cleaners
Bi-Xenon headlights with projector beam lenses
Luxury trim: wood & leather on shifter, wood/woodgrain on doors and wood/woodgrain on dashboard
Metallic paint
Rear window defroster
Weights: published curb weight (lbs): 4,145
Intermittent windshield wipers
2011 Maserati GranTurismo Interior
Cargo area and front 12V power outlet(s)
Dual-zone fully-automatic climate control
Element antenna
Anti-theft protection includes: interior monitoring and anti-lift
Front ashtray
Bose audio system with AM/FM radio, CD player (reads MP3 format) ; includes RDS
Cargo capacity: 9.2 cu. ft. all seats in place
Cigar lighter in front seats
Coming home device
Trip computer: includes average speed, average fuel economy, current fuel economy and range for remaining fuel
Cruise control
Front cup holders
Outside air temperature indicator
Intelligent driver front airbag, intelligent passenger front airbag with occupant switch off
Heated sports driver seat with five 10-way power ; details: memorized height, power lumbar and memorized tilt, heated sports front passenger seat: with four 8-way power ; details: power height and power tilt
Height adjustable front seat belts with pre-tensioners for driver and passenger
Front seat center armrest
Garage door opener
Headlight control with dusk sensor and active headlights
Two height-adjustable, electrically-adjustable front head restraints, two rear seats head restraints
Interior dimensions: 39.0 in. front headroom and 35.8 in. rear headroom
Low tire pressure indicator
Memorized adjustment: includes door mirror position and steering wheel position
MP3 player
Navigation system with 3D and voice
Rear radar parking distance sensors
Remote power locks
Vehicle speed-proportional power steering
Power windows, express driver and passenger
Front and rear reading lights
Rear seat belts with pre-tensioners for driver and passenger
Rear seat center armrest
Rear seats:
Auto-dimming rear view mirror
Steering wheel-mounted audio controls
Remote control trunk/hatch release
Front curtain airbag
Seating: four passengers
Leather upholstery
Service interval indicator
Front side airbag
Eleven Bose speakers
Leather-trimmed, tilt/ telescoping steering wheel
Illuminated driver and passenger vanity mirror
Ventilation system with micro filter and active carbon filter
Voice activating system for radio, phone and navigation system
2011 Maserati GranTurismo Warranty
4 year / 50,000 miles
Free Maintenance
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4 year / 50,000 miles
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Basic Warranty:
The basic warranty covers everything except items that are subject to wear and tear or replacement in the ordinary course of vehicle ownership, such as oil and air filters, wiper blades and brake pads. Tires and batteries are often excluded, but usually have their own warranty provided by the manufacturers of those items. Emissions equipment is required by Federal law to be covered for five years or 50,000 miles.
Drive Train Warranty:
In some cases the drive train warranty continues after the basic warranty has expired. This part of the warranty covers most of the parts that make the vehicle move, including the engine, transmission, drive axles and driveshaft. Like the basic warranty, consumable parts such as hoses and belts are not covered. However, most of the internal parts of the engine, such as the pistons and bearings, which are also subject to wear and tear, are covered by the drive train warranty.
Roadside Assistance:
Many manufacturers provide a service that will rescue you if your car leaves you stranded, even if it's your fault. Lock yourself our of your car? Run out of gas? Got a flat tire? A call to the manufacturer's toll-free number will result in somebody showing up who can help you out. There is a huge variance in these programs so check ahead of time to see what is covered and what you will have to pay for.
Rust or Corrosion Warranty:
Rust or Corrosion Warranty: This warranty covers the vehicle's sheet metal, and protects you from rust and corrosion that are severe enough to cause a hole - surface rust is not covered. However, if you keep your car washed and waxed rust shouldn't be a problem.
2011 Maserati GranTurismo Safety Features
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2011 Maserati GranTurismo Crash Test Ratings
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2011 Maserati GranTurismo Recalls
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MeSean Johnson of Ogdnesburg Howland Pump drives against a Malone defender in Sixth Grade action during the Dave Shea Youth Basketball Classic at OFA on Saturday. The tournament concludes today with the Fifth Grade Finals at 12:30 p.m. and the Sixth Grade Finals at 1:30 p.m. (Shea Photo)
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Recently the handling of civil immigration detainers by local law departments has been heavily scrutinized.
AILA Doc No. 11051171 | Dated May 1, 2011
The May/June issue of VOICE: An Immigration Dialogue is ready for viewing on our digital reading platform! As always, simply use the top navigation bar in the viewer to flip pages, print, search for keywords, share with colleagues, and much more!
In This Issue:
"The Nuances of the Marriage Fraud Interview"
Preparing your clients for a spouse petition interview is a simple procedure. However, the more a couple's marital relationship deviates from the officer's imaginary norm, the more likely it will undergo additional scrutiny. Here are some practice tips to help your client win petition approval.
"Sneak Peek: The Waivers Book and Business Immigration: Law & Practice"
From Waivers: "The Impact of Matter of Jean on Waivers for Refugees and Asylees"
From Business: "TN vs. H-1B: How Trade NAFTA Measures Up to the Popular H-1B Classification"
Other Highlights Include:
Networking in the Sun
AILA's Director of Education Grace Akers Woods welcomes you to VOICE and highlights the events at our annual conference in sunny San Diego!
Face of AILA
AILA recognizes Anthony (Tony) Weigel, a "great lawyer and a great advocate" for immigration reform, says AILA President David Leopold.
Unsolicited Advice
Author Cletus Weber offers "8 Steps to Being a Hero Without Getting Your Client and Yourself Into Trouble"
Spotlight Inter Alia Got a great story idea for VOICE? Please contact VOICE to share it with us! Cite as AILA Doc. No. 11051171.
Learn more about AIC's American Heritage Awards. Also see photos of AILA's Executive Committee on its visit to the White House and AILA's EB-5 Committee.
Inter Alia
Got a great story idea for VOICE? Please contact VOICE to share it with us!
Cite as AILA Doc. No. 11051171.
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