text:
Hypogonadism occurs when the body's sex glands produce little or no hormones. In men, these glands (gonads) are the testes. In women, these glands are the ovaries.
Alternative Names
Gonadal deficiency
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
The cause of hypogonadism is primary or central. In primary hypogonadism, the ovaries or testes themselves do not function properly. Causes of primary hypogonadism include:
- Certain autoimmune disorders
- Genetic and developmental disorders
- Infection
- Liver and kidney disease
- Radiation
- Surgery
The most common genetic disorders that cause primary hypogonadism are Turner syndrome (in women) and Klinefelter syndrome (in men).
In central hypogonadism, the centers in the brain that control the gonads (hypothalamus and pituitary) do not function properly. Causes of central hypogonadism include:
- Bleeding
- Certain medicines, including steroids and opiates
- Genetic problems
- Infections
- Nutritional deficiencies
- Iron excess (hemochromatosis)
- Radiation
- Rapid, significant weight loss
- Surgery
- Trauma
- Tumors
A genetic cause of central hypogonadism that also takes away the sense of smell is Kallmann syndrome in males. The most common tumors affecting the pituitary are craniopharyngioma in children and prolactinoma in adults.
Girls who have hypogonadism will not begin menstruating. Hypogonadism can affect breast development and height in girls. If hypogonadism occurs after puberty, symptoms include:
- Hot flashes
- Loss of body hair
- Low libido
- Menstruation stops
In boys, hypogonadism affects muscle and beard development and leads to growth problems. In men the symptoms are:
- Breast enlargement
- Decreased beard and body hair
- Muscle loss
- Sexual problems
If a brain tumor is present (central hypogonadism), there may be:
- Headaches or vision loss
- Milky breast discharge (from a prolactinoma)
- Symptoms of other hormonal deficiencies (such as hypothyroidism)
People with anorexia nervosa who diet to the point of starvation and those who lose a lot of weight very quickly, such as after gastric bypass surgery, may also have central hypogonadism.
Signs and tests
Tests may be done that check:
- Estrogen level (women)
- FSH level and LH level
- Testosterone level (men)
Other tests may include:
- Blood tests for anemia and iron
- Genetic tests
- Prolactin level (milk hormone)
- Sperm count
- Thyroid level
Sometimes imaging tests are needed, such as a sonogram of the ovaries. If pituitary disease is suspected, an MRI or CT scan of the brain may be done.
Hormone-based medicines may be prescribed. For girls and women, estrogen and progesterone come in the form of a pill or skin patch. For boys and men, testosterone can be given as a skin patch, skin gel, a solution applied to the armpit, a patch applied to the upper gum, or by injection.
For women who have not had their uterus removed, combination treatment with estrogen and progesterone may decrease the chance of developing endometrial cancer. Women with hypogonadism who have low sex drive may also be prescribed low-dose testosterone.
In some women, injections or pills can be used to stimulate ovulation. Injections of pituitary hormone may be used to help male patients produce sperm. Other people may need surgery and radiation therapy.
Expectations (prognosis)
Many forms of hypogonadism are treatable and have a good outlook.
In women, hypogonadism may cause infertility. Menopause is a form of hypogonadism that occurs naturally and can cause hot flashes, vaginal dryness, and irritability as a woman's estrogen levels fall. The risk of osteoporosis and heart disease increase after menopause.
Some women with hypogonadism take estrogen therapy, especially those who have early menopause (premature ovarian failure). But there is an increased risk of breast cancer and heart disease when hormone therapy is used long-term to treat menopause symptoms.
In men, hypogonadism results in loss of sex drive and may cause:
- Impotence
- Infertility
- Osteoporosis
- Weakness
Men normally have lower testosterone as they age, but the decline is not as dramatic or steep as the decline in sex hormones that women experience.
Calling your health care provider
Talk to your doctor if you notice:
- Breast discharge
- Breast enlargement (men)
- Hot flashes (women)
- Impotence
- Loss of body hair
- Loss of menstrual period
- Problems getting pregnant
- Problems with your sex drive
- Weakness
Both men and women should call their health care provider if they have headaches or vision problems.
Maintain normal body weight and healthy eating habits to prevent anorexia nervosa. Other causes may not be preventable.
Ali O, Donohoue PA. Hypofunction of the testes. In: Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, St. Geme JW III , et al., eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics.19th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2011:chap 577.
Bhasin S, Cunningham GR, Hayes FJ, et al. Testosterone therapy in adult men with androgen deficiency syndromes: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95:2536-2559.
Kansra AR, Donohoue PA. Hypofunction of the ovaries. In: Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, St. Geme JW III, et al., eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 19th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2011:chap 580.
Swerdloff RS, Wang C. The testis and male sexual function. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI. Goldman's Cecil Medicine. 24th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2012:chap 242.
Last reviewed 12/22/2012 by Nestoras Mathioudakis, MD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by A.D.A.M. Health Solutions, Ebix, Inc., Editorial Team: David Zieve, MD, MHA, David R. Eltz, Stephanie Slon, and Nissi Wang.
- The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition.
- A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions.
- Call 911 for all medical emergencies.
- Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites.
©1997 - A.D.A.M., Inc.Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.


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Register with FEMA even if you called Vermont 2-1-1
If Vermont residents called the state's 2-1-1 service during or after the April storms and flooding to report their damages, it is not the same as registering for FEMA assistance. Vermont 2-1-1 is a permanent resource that provides information and referrals within the state. The FEMA registration line (1-800-621-3362) is the only phone number that enters flood survivors into the system for federal assistance.
Disaster assistance is now available for Addison, Chittenden, Essex, Franklin, Grand Isle, Lamoille and Orleans county residents who suffered losses related to severe storms and flooding from April 23 to May 9. Disaster officials with Vermont Emergency Management (VEM) and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) urge people with uninsured or underinsured losses to register for help as soon as possible.
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Before applicants call or go online, they should gather the following basic information to speed the process:
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Is there any cost associated with registering for disaster assistance?
No. There are no costs related to registering for or receiving federal disaster assistance.
What types of assistance may be provided?
Some of the types of assistance that may be available to eligible applicants through FEMA's Individuals and Households Program are:
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•Other Needs Assistance -- grants for necessary and serious needs caused by the disaster. This includes medical, dental, funeral, personal property, transportation, vehicle repair or replacement, moving and storage, and other expenses that FEMA approves. The homeowner may need to apply for a Small Business Administration (SBA) loan before receiving this type of assistance.
Why is the SBA application important?
Completing and returning an SBA application is an essential part of the recovery process. If an applicant is found ineligible for an SBA loan, he or she may be referred for ONA or to other disaster services agencies. People may get information by calling SBA's Customer Service Center at 800-659-2955, 800-877-8339 for the speech- or hearing-impaired, by sending an e-mail to email@example.com or visiting www.sba.gov.
What assistance can an applicant expect to receive?
FEMA disaster assistance is to help them get safe and sanitary housing and meet other critical needs so they can begin their long-term recovery. Assistance is not automatic, but is calculated based on the losses of each individual or household that files and qualifies.
What if someone has insurance?
Renters or homeowners who suffered any damage or loss should apply for assistance; there is no need to wait for an insurance inspection. When an insurance inspection is conducted, remember insurance coverage may not be adequate and some foundation damage may not show up until later. If an insurance settlement is delayed, call FEMA. Also call FEMA if the settlement does not cover losses or if the additional living expense benefit is exhausted. Remember, failure to file with an insurance company within 12 months can affect a person's eligibility for FEMA assistance.
FEMA's mission is to support our citizens and first responders and to ensure that as a nation we work together to build, sustain, and improve our capability to prepare for, protect against, respond to, recover from, and mitigate all hazards.
Disaster recovery assistance is available without regard to race, color, religion, nationality, sex, age, disability, English proficiency or economic status. If you or someone you know has been discriminated against, call FEMA toll-free at 800-621-FEMA (3362). Those with a speech disability or hearing loss who use a TTY, call 1-800-462-7585 directly; or call 1-800-621-3362 if using 711 or Video Relay Service (VRS).
FEMA's temporary housing assistance and grants for public transportation expenses, medical and dental expenses, and funeral and burial expenses do not require individuals to apply for an SBA loan. However, applicants who receive SBA loan applications must submit them to SBA loan officers to be eligible for assistance that covers personal property, vehicle repair or replacement, and moving and storage expenses.
SBA disaster loan information and application forms may be obtained by calling the SBA's Customer Service Center at 800-659-2955 (800-877-8339 for people with speech or hearing disabilities) Monday through Friday from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. ET or by sending an e-mail to firstname.lastname@example.com. Applications can also be downloaded from www.sba.gov or completed on-line at disasterloan.sba.gov/ela/.
Last Modified: Tuesday, 28-Jun-2011 08:02:14
If you have had any flooding or storm damage, please call and report it to Vermont 2-1-1. 2-1-1 is collecting the information to qualify Vermont for an Individual Assistance declaration from FEMA . Whether you have insurance or not; if the damage is to your primary or secondary residence; even if you think you will not qualify, 2-1-1 would like to know the extent of your damage. Please forward and share with everyone so we can spread this information as far and wide as possible.
Just dial 2-1-1.
MaryEllen Mendl, Director
Vermont 2-1-1
a program of United Way
June 9, 2011
The City of Montpelier has Housing Preservation Grant emergency funds available for home owners who have suffered damage from the flood. The terms are: zero interest, payment upon the sale or transfer of the property.
There are income restrictions:
1 person - $37,900 maximum income
2 person - $43,300 maximum income
3 person - $48,700 maximum income
4 person - $54,100 maximum income
5 person - $58,450 maximum income
6 person - $62,800 maximum income
7 person - $67,100 maximum income
8 person - $71,450 maximum income
The loans can only go to residents of Montpelier.
Montpelier, Vermont, June 1, 2011
In response to the unprecedented flooding in our area, the Staff and Board of Central Vermont Solid Waste Management District are pleased to announce our Flood Relief Fund that will offer up to $200 per residential household or small business (of member towns) to help cover the disposal of flood related waste. These funds are limited; call our office at 800.730.9475 for more information on how to apply. We will also have information available on our website at
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Montpelier, Vermont, June 1, 2011
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The temporary road will be one way and will have alternating traffic controlled by a traffic signal package.
The anticipated re-opening of Gallison Hill is mid to late next week.
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Work will be occurring on Thursday June 2, to repair and replace a damaged culvert.
The repair work will cause Gould Hill Road to be closed while the repair is completed
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Remains closed until mid to late next week between the intersections of Berlin Street and Roberts Street.
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Repairs to that area are scheduled mid to late next week once Gallison Hill traffic is re-opened
City personnel are continuing to make other repairs as they are reported and discovered. If you have knowledge of a damaged roadway that is in need of repair, you may report it to the Department of Public Works office at 223-9508 during the daytime.
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A Day of Deep-Sea Cameras and Creatures in the Milstein Hall of Ocean Life
by AMNH on
From fireflies to jellyfishes, an astonishing range of animals create their own light. On Sunday, April 22, kids can explore activity carts about glowing organisms while scientists David Gruber, Marc Branham, and Edith Widder share their research about these creatures and the deep-sea vehicles and cameras required to study them. David Gruber, an assistant professor at The City University of New York (CUNY) and a Museum research associate who consulted on the exhibition Creatures of Light: Nature's Bioluminescence, recently answered a few questions about his deep-sea photography and the Museum.
Cast Your Vote: Picturing Science Video Nominated for Webby Award
by AMNH on
The Museum's video featuring the exhibition Picturing Science: Museum Scientists and Imaging Technologies has been nominated for the 2012 Webby Awards, the coveted honors for Internet excellence, in the Technology category. Online voting for the Webby People's Voice Award is open now through April 26.
Picturing Science, currently on view in the Akeley Gallery, tells the story of Museum research through spectacular large-format images. Photographs range from multicolored meteorite montages to CT scans of shark skulls, showcasing the importance of visual tools in each of the Museum's research departments as well as the fusion of science and art.
The French Paradox with Mireille Guiliano
by AMNH on
The celebrated richness of France's cuisine makes the equally exalted slimness of its population that much more of a mystery. At the Adventures in the Global Kitchen program on Wednesday, April 25, Mireille Guiliano, author of the bestseller French Women Don't Get Fat, addresses the so-called French paradox and offers a selection of frittatas, tartines, and mousse for tasting—in the French style, of course. Guiliano recently answered a few questions.
The French eat some of the richest foods in the world but maintain slim physiques. What's the secret?
Mireille Guiliano: A different approach to food and eating. The key is to find pleasure in eating while maintaining one's weight. French women don't get fat because they eat with their heads and have learned to eat with pleasure while managing their relationship with food and gratifying their appetite. It's all about balance and knowing thyself.
Imaging Japan's Earthquake: Q&A with Miaki Ishii
by AMNH on
Miaki Ishii is an associate professor of Earth and Planetary Sciences at Harvard University who uses North American seismometers to understand how the magnitude 9 earthquake in Japan in March 2011 started and spread. On Tuesday, April 24, Dr. Ishii will visit the Museum to discuss what scientists know about this earthquake and what they have left to learn. She recently answered a few questions.
What geological forces caused the 2011 earthquake in Japan?
Miaki Ishii: At the site of this earthquake, the Pacific plate is colliding with the North American plate—that part of Japan, believe it or not, is considered part of the North American plate. When two things bump into one another, you have stress buildup, and to relieve it, there are earthquakes. In this case, a lot of stress had accumulated for over 1,000 years, and it was released all at once in a huge quake. Many faults failing at once also made this a large event.
Mobile Ammonites Stayed Put at Plains Methane Seeps
by AMNH on
Research led by Museum scientists shows that ammonites, an extinct type of shelled mollusk that's closely related to modern-day nautiluses and squids, made homes in the unique environments surrounding methane seeps in the seaway that once covered America's Great Plains. The findings, recently published in the journal Geology, provide new insights into the mode of life and habitat of these ancient animals.
In the Black Hills region of South Dakota, researchers are investigating a 74-million-year-old mound of fossilized material where methane-rich fluids once migrated through the sediments onto the sea floor. When the face of this cliff recently slumped off, a wide variety of bivalves, sponges, corals, fish, crinoids, and, as recently documented, ammonites, were revealed.


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Yet another reason why I'm glad I left Miami :mrgreen: .
Yet another reason why I'm glad I left Miami :mrgreen: .
Wait a minute....I thought you just went back to Miami? Didn't you move to Indiana, then move back to Miami? Or an I just confused... :roll:
jro - http://jeff.robbins.ws
Linux counter#:213782
GnuPG ID: 406238E7
i thought he moved to Miami, then moved back
If you are confused, think how poor snct feels!
But he did it for LOVE!
Yes I am, and yes I did :tiger: .Originally Posted by Fatal Error";p="6646
And I'm gettin' hitched soon too (just to fully confirm my confusion even further :mrgreen: ) . So there... I mean here here... Hmmm; not sure what I mean anymore .
All the f00ons invited?
DOOOD!!! WTF!!! Were you going to tell anyone???Originally Posted by snct";p="6648
April Fool's day.
Justice of the Peace.
A few family members and friends.
A simple dinner afterward (Old Country Buffet).
The rings should be in this week.
We met just after Thanksgiving, and everything just clicked. Aside from my future stepdaughter (see my blog), things have been going very, very well with us. Both being Christians, we didn't just want to live together indefinately, so we made the decision, and that was that. This is the 3rd (and last) time for me... Sure hope 3rd time's the charm . Thanks for the congrats :mrgreen: .
Guess he will shut down http://1stsolo.org/forum too. Another fishing buddy gone, Oh well...


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|Technical Discussion Open Technical Discussion of the VEX Robotics System.
|Thread Tools
Not all motor ports are created equal
Last September I posted some information on the optimum update interval for motors in this thread. At that time I had been concentrating on the pwm motor ports 2 through 9 but it always bothered me that ports 1 and 10 (being 2 wire ports) may be different. Part of my analysis was based on the fact that the user processor sends the motor speed information to the master processor over an SPI interface once every 15mS. Having dug into this a little more that is not the case for motors 1 and 10, they are in fact controlled by the user processor and therefore do not experience the same communications delay as the other 8.
Timer 4 (2 channels for each motor) of the user processor (this is not the same timer available to ROBOTC or EasyC code) is used to set the pwm control of the two H-Bridge circuits and runs at about 1200Hz. Doing some tests in ROBOTC shows that the motor speed may easily be changed at 2mS intervals, much quicker than the other motor channels. So what does this mean in practice? Well theoretically a PID controller will work much better for these two motors as the PID loop update rate can be faster. Whether this makes any difference with real motors remains to be seen.
Re: Not all motor ports are created equal
Interesting. I will keep that in mind for the future. Although as you said, it may or may not make any real difference when applied. Thanks for the information either way though
Re: Not all motor ports are created equal
I don't quite understand what the end result of your other post was.
So the minimum loop time for a PID loop to actually change motor values is 15ms? How long does a loop take to actually loop through in RobotC? I've heard that it's about 15ms, but in practice it seems to be much less (I was playing around with the I summing up).
If I'm understanding you correctly, then motor ports 1 and 10 are constantly updated (the value is constantly being sent to the ports)?
Last edited by dontworryaboutit; 02-18-2012 at 12:04 PM. Reason: Edit
Re: Not all motor ports are created equal
- Cortex ports 2-9 have PWM signal with 18ms period. (Yellow line)
- User processor SPI message to Supervisor updates at 15ms period. (Blue line)
- Based on these numbers, there are 6 SPI updates during 5 PWM updates.
- User vex program updates can come at any time.
-- Best case response might be < 2ms.
-- Worst case response might be 18ms +15ms = 33ms
-- The only control you have is how often to update the value that is sent by SPI every 15ms.
-- The SPI is set at 15ms, so each 18ms motor cycle update is sure to have a new SPI value since the last update.
-- In the same way, if you make a SetMotor() update cycle at 12ms, the SPI will always have a new value since the last update.
-- No matter what you do, the response lag will be at the worst case value of 28-33ms, about 1/6th of the time.
If you had a way to synchronize your updates to the SPI updates, you could request updates just before the SPI pulse to the Supervisor. All that does is to minimize the impact that updates have on other tasks.
My understanding is that the DC motor output is also a PWM signal running at ~100Hz = 10ms period, so that may also add some delay. The circuit in the motor that converts PWM control to +/-DC PWM may also add some delay.
Outstanding questions:
1) What does oscope show for ports 1,10 if there are rapid (4ms period) updates between -127 and +127? 1ms high, 3ms low, 2ms high, 2ms low?
2) Is the motor speed controlled by the PWM high time, and not PWM duty cycle?
3) What does the oscope show for the output of MC#29 controller for 33%, 66%, 100% forward values? 33% high, 66% high, 100% high PWM?
Using a task that updates motor values 2-9 once every 10ms fits nicely into the SPA (Sense Plan Act) concept. As I understand it, this task would be the Act portion. This also puts all the motor control in one place, which makes it handy to implement additional features such as
- estop, and estop when lose wifi
- filter motor commands for slew rate
Motor values 1,10 could usefully be updated every 3ms, if it makes any difference to some PID routine.
Re: Not all motor ports are created equal
There are two asynchronous events happening.
The SPI communication from the user processor to the master processor which runs every 15mS.
The RC servo control pulse that happens every 18mS.
Worst case would be 15 + 18 + software delay of 1-2mS so perhaps 35mS
Best case if the planets align is perhaps 2mS.
Here are some more examples and tests.
Case 1 used the following code
#pragma config(UART_Usage, UART1, VEX_2x16_LCD, baudRate19200, IOPins, None, None) #pragma config(Sensor, dgtl1, outputA, sensorDigitalOut) #pragma config(Motor, port3, motorB, tmotorVex269, openLoop) #pragma config(Motor, port10, motorA, tmotorVex269, openLoop) //*!!Code automatically generated by 'ROBOTC' configuration wizard !!*// task main() { while(1) { // run motors forward SensorValue[ outputA ] = 0; motor[ motorA ] = 127; motor[ motorB ] = 127; wait1Msec(40); // run motors backwards SensorValue[ outputA ] = 1; motor[ motorA ] = -127; motor[ motorB ] = -127; wait1Msec(40); } }
It can be seen that the port 10 motor responds to the speed control almost instantaneously but the port 3 motor has a variable delay between the requested speed to the resultant change in speed. At the trigger point the delay was measured as 31.6mS, however, this is just one example and varies as predicted in my other post.
This trace shows the delay from speed request to the motor 10 output with an expanded timebase.
The delay is typically around 1mS and is probably due to the ROBOTC task management.
The next trace was captured using the following modified code.
#pragma config(UART_Usage, UART1, VEX_2x16_LCD, baudRate19200, IOPins, None, None) #pragma config(Sensor, dgtl1, outputA, sensorDigitalOut) #pragma config(Motor, port3, motorB, tmotorVex269, openLoop) #pragma config(Motor, port10, motorA, tmotorVex269, openLoop) //*!!Code automatically generated by 'ROBOTC' configuration wizard !!*// task main() { while(1) { // run motors forward SensorValue[ outputA ] = 0; motor[ motorA ] = 127; motor[ motorB ] = 127; wait1Msec(4); // run motors backwards SensorValue[ outputA ] = 1; motor[ motorA ] = -127; motor[ motorB ] = -127; wait1Msec(4); } }
It can be seen that the motor on port 10 is able to keep up with this increase in changing requested speed, however, the motor on port 3 is not able to and changes randomly depending on the relationship between the motor speed request and the SPI message being transmitted to the master cpu.
Finally this trace shows the PWM signal going to both motors when a constant speed of 64 is requested. The pwm frequency is about 1200Hz for both. The signal to the motor on port 3 looks noisy due to lack of grounding to the scope.
These tests were done using ROBOTC but I would expect the same result using EasyC, this is not dependent on the user code but rather the way user processor and master processor communicate. It's interesting that the duty cycle for the port 3 motor is not the expected 50%, if I have time I may measure the no load speeds of the two motors to see if they differ, but that will have to wait until tomorrow.
I post this just as information, in practice this has no impact on any competition code that anyone is likely to be running.
Last edited by jpearman; 02-19-2012 at 10:13 AM. Reason: bigger images
Re: Not all motor ports are created equal
For those who would like to know more about the H-Bridge circuit in the cortex and motor controller 29, I found this site that gives a far better tutorial than I ever could.
H-Bridge Secrets
Re: Not all motor ports are created equal
Skip over 3wire PWM and go directly to red and black motor wires.
For speed=+127, red motor wire is +, black motor wires is -.
For speed=-127, red motor wire is -, black motor wire is +.
At full +127,-127 speeds, the motor is at 100% duty cycle, so no chopped PWM for variable speed control is seen.
Paraphrase jpearman's quote above for my own understanding: Scope1
Yellow is digital output: 40ms swaps from 3v to 0v for motor -127, -127.
Blue is port10 red wire: 0v in center line, swaps +,-v closely with Yellow.
Purple is #29MC red wire from port3: swaps from +v,-v with variable lag from Yellow.
- Lag sequence is 20ms, 19ms, 31.6ms(shown), 10ms.
Scope2: port 10 update delay ~= 1ms
Scope3: try to update motors +127,-127, +127,-127... every 4ms:
- port10 can follow well.
- port3 through mc#29: Wow, motor stays in one state for 40-60ms at a time.
** I've seen some competition code with "lock motors" routine, that does rapid +127,-127 updates. I'm not sure of the original intent, or its wisdom, but these results might matter there.
Thanks for the great data jpearman!
As you look deeper into the motor PWM duty cycle,
you might also look at port3 to port4 (or any pair of ports 2..9) to see if there PWM are locked.
But probably it doesn't matter anyway if two motors on the same drive train dont update closer than 40ms...
Re: Not all motor ports are created equal
Take a Y cable from Cortex motor port 2,
put the signal pin into a digital input port,
watched by an interrupt watcher, with pseudo code something like this:
while(1){ Sense_and_Plan(); Act_yet = GetInterruptWatcher ( 1 ) ; // look for falling PWM edge on motor port if ( 1 == Act_yet ) { // or whatever is the correct value to watch for Act_yet = 0; // clear Action trigger, if GetIW doesnt auto-clear Act(); // do motor set stuff }
Re: Not all motor ports are created equal
In my original analysis below I was using ROBOTC, since then I have taken a look at what EasyC is doing whilst debugging dpbailey's problem with code crashing. I had assumed that EasyC would be communicating with the master processor at the same rate, however, it turns out that EasyC communicates a little less often, every 19mS. They may have chosen this rate as it's closer to the PWM update rate of the master processor but I have not looked to see if it is synchronized, perhaps I can do that tomorrow if there's time.
Re: Not all motor ports are created equal
Firstly, all pwm signals are synchronized, I compared motor 2 to all others.
Secondly, here are a couple of scope grabs showing the SPI comms wrt PWM output. The yellow trace is the SPI chip select signal, the blue trace is a PWM signal to a motor. As I had surmised, the SPI runs every 19mS whilst the PWM every 18mS. This is with EasyC, the ROBOTC timing is as I originally posted.
This is the same thing but with a different timebase.
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1932 Olympics
Lake Placid
Back in 1928, American Irving Jaffee had the fastest time in the 10,000–meter speed skating race at St. Moritz only to lose his gold medal when thawing ice made it necessary to call the event off with no official winner.
Four years later, Jaffee won the 10,000 and the 5,000–meter races and local hero Jack Shea won at 500 and 1,500 meters as the U.S. swept all four speed skating events—which were run as actual races (not timed heats) for the first time in Olympic history.
Billy Fiske, who had driven the 5–man U.S. bobsled to a gold medal at St. Moritz when he was only 16, steered the 4–man sled to victory in 1932. On board was Eddie Eagan, the 1920 Olympic light heavyweight champion, who remains the only athlete ever to win gold medals in both the Winter and Summer Games.
Canada won its fourth consecutive hockey gold medal, but 38–year-old Gillis Grafstrom of Sweden missed in his bid for a fourth straight men's figure skating title, placing second to 22–year-old Austrian Karl Schafer.
Top 5 Standings
National medal standings are not recognized by the IOC. The unofficial point totals are based on 3 points for a gold medal, 2 for a silver and 1 for a bronze. Total medals are in parentheses.
Leading Medal Winners
Number of individual medals won on the left; gold, silver and bronze breakdown to the right.
Figure Skating
Ice Hockey
Note: Due to the worldwide Depression, only four teams competed. Each side played the other teams twice. Canada beat the U.S., 2–1, in their first game and tied the Americans, 2–2, in triple overtime in the second. A win by the U.S. in Game 2 would have resulted in a third contest to decide the gold medal.
Nordic Skiing
Cross Country
Ski Jumping
Nordic Combined
Speed Skating
Note: For the only time in the history of the Winter Games, all events were staged as races rather than two-man heats against the clock.
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Puebla v Chivas - Clausura 2013 Liga MX
Players of Chivas pose for a team photo prior to a match between... News PhotoC.D. Guadalajara,Clausura Championship,Club Football,Football,Full Length,Horizontal,Latin America,Match - Sport,Mexican First Division,Mexico,Mexico City,Portrait,Puebla Futbol Club,Sport,Team PhotoPhotographer Miguel Tovar/STFCollection: LatinContent WO 2013 LatinContentMEXICO CITY, MEXICO - FEBRUARY 17: Players of Chivas pose for a team photo prior to a match between Puebla and Chivas as part of the Clausura 2013 at Cuauhtemoc Stadium on February 17, 2013 in Puebla, Mexico. (Photo by Miguel Tovar/LatinContent/Getty Images)


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Alaska is the most-wired state in the U.S., and the facilities in Barrow are hooked by satellite to the Internet. The satellite dishes are pointed almost horizontally to connect to equatorial satellites but the facilities and all the homes in Barrow have Internet and television. Researchers at BASC are plugged in.
Eicken has six hours of daylight in which to work when he arrived in Barrow in March. Three weeks earlier, he would have had none. The sun didn't rise until January 23. Along with an armed Iñupiat guard (you don't leave Barrow without one), we depart shortly after 10:30 a.m. on three snow machines. Two of them are pulling long wooden sleds filled with gear. I stand on the back of one of the sleds, instructed to lean against any tilt to help keep the sled upright, which turns out to be the least of my worries. This position, the most exposed, is traditional for newcomers, particularly the nonproductive kind. The wind-chill is negative forty. We are going to plant instruments on the ice.
What does a modern Arctic explorer wear to work? The secrets to keeping warm in temperatures cold enough to alter the molecular structure of steel (minus forty, by the way) are layers and wool. After serious consultation, I am wearing two-layered woolen thermal underwear, flannel padded jeans and Carhartt1 canvas and fleece snow pants, a quilted woolen shirt, a polyester liner and a Siberian-made parka, certified to negative forty. The boots are Canadian Sorels, also certified to forty below, with woolen socks. Note all the wool. Cotton can kill you here because cotton loses the ability to keep you warm once it gets wet and perspiration (or falling through the ice) makes it wet. Wool keeps on keeping you warm. No artificial fabric is as good. I have a woolen balaclava and a wool and polyester neck warmer. I have three layers of gloves, and an extra set hung on a cord around my neck I can plunge my hands into if they get cold. Everyone else is dressed approximately the same. Most of us have ski goggles. One serious problem: once you put the mask on—and you will put the mask on—eye glasses fog up and the moisture instantly freezes, rendering you effectively blind. No one has yet invented a solution to that problem so you are faced with a choice of skipping the glasses, or wearing them and looking at the world through a sheet of ice. Contact lenses are the only way to go. I have none.
And speaking of problems: what does the modern explorer (mature male) do if he has to pee? If you are a male explorer over the age of fifty, this is not an inconsequential consideration. The answer usually given is to turn your back to the wind and work as fast as you can. This is not easy with four layers, two zippers, and gloves. The real answer is not to worry: The air is so dry it sucks moisture out of your body and you will go all day without peeing. I found that to be true.
Defecation, however, is out of the question.
A problem for which I was unprepared is photography. Most batteries quit when the temperature gets below negative twenty and, unless they have spent about a half hour in a warm room, remain useless. Lithium batteries, which I didn't have, work best in very cold weather. You can stuff the camera in your parka, but you have to be quick. The other thing I learned is that to do anything with your hands you usually have to take your gloves off (mittens actually, because they are more efficient in keeping your hands warm) and in that cold, it hurts quickly. A few minutes in the mittens—if they are good enough mittens—will fix that, but a few minutes later, off they come again because you have to fiddle with something else, usually involving clothing. Finally, despite zippers, clasps, and Velcro, the cold will find any opening between garments, including some you never suspected you had. When we started lurching over the ice I had the feeling someone had stuck a sharp icicle up my sleeve. I chased down the opening and snapped it shut with Velcro.
The expedition followed the road east, toward Barrow Point, running on the snow that covered the Chukchi beach. Just parallel to the end of the road, we came to a halt. Four polar bears were at the dump about 200 yards before us, a female, two cubs and what the guard thought was a young male. Maybe the stupidest thing any sentient creature can do is get near a mother polar bear protecting her cubs. Bears also don't like large groups of humans on noisy machines and were taking their time searching for snacks. ("I'm a polar bear and I'll move when I damned well please.") Polar bears can weigh 1,600 pounds and stand almost 10-feet tall when they rear on their rear legs, although none of these bears were near that size. They were between us and the sea ice so we waited until they moved on, about ten minutes. When they finally sauntered off, we resumed the trip, finally curving off the beach onto the frozen sea. My instructions were to not only try to keep the sled upright but to turn my face away from the direction we were traveling if the wind got too bad. With the balaclava, the goggles and the parka collar, not much wind got to my face and it was not unbearable. I needed to see where we were going to anticipate the bumps. I was told to keep my knees flexed to absorb the shocks, and I did it successfully all but once. I wasn't paying attention for one bump and felt the shock particularly where my spine meets my neck. Eicken, who was driving the snow machine pulling my sled, could see obstacles and bumps and slowed when the ice got particularly ragged. The ice is rarely flat or smooth. There are occasional cracks, but mostly there are pressure ridges caused by the motion of the ice, partly reacting to tidal pressure and waves. Hunks, blocks, and ridges glistening in the sunlight, their shadows a grey blue, were tumbled across the ice. This was fast ice. On top of the ice was several months' accumulation of bone-dry snow. Snowball fights are impossible here; the snow will not form balls. It was not clear when we passed from the snow covering the beach and the snow covering the ice and water.
Eicken located the site he wanted using GPS positioning. It was a relatively flat section of ice with a pressure ridge about four feet high a couple of hundred yards to the west. The bear guard put up a tent with a gas heater, and Eicken's team began unloading the equipment and setting up their stations.
Essentially, the UAF team was studying three things: the thickness of the snow, the thickness of the ice below the snow, and the depth of the water beneath the ice. They were setting up automatic stations that would transmit readings back to Barrow and would be able to track the data from the Internet in Fairbanks until "melt" in the end of May. The equipment was powered by two car batteries, which like all batteries, suffer in the cold. They transmitted their condition back to shore and someone from BASC would go out and recharge or replace them when they ebbed.
The main instrument was erected on a scaffold-like structure with cables leading to holes bored in the ice. The cables were protected by metal coverings because Arctic foxes love to play with scientific equipment, particularly if electricity is involved. Electricity turns them on. "If we come back tomorrow, we will probably find a fox turd on the box," one of the grad students said. Another student walked along the pressure ridge with an instrument measuring snow depth.
The ice was about three feet thick over twenty-two feet of almost frozen Chukchi Sea water. About six inches of snow covered the ice. The snow was weird. The sound you made walking on it was a metallic hollow sound, not what you want to hear when you are standing over twenty-two feet of really cold water. We eventually got all the instruments in (I was of no use). Eicken decided to go back before the students finished the last of the instruments, and I rode back on the backseat of his snow machine.
I quickly decided that if I were going to die on the ice, it would be on this ride. We flew. We bounced. We tilted. We roared. I held on to two handholds behind me until I lost all feelings in the hands. I could see a little through my goggles (I gave up on the glasses early on) and tried to anticipate when I needed to hold on for dear life or when I just needed to keep attached to the machine. Moreover, earlier I had been in the warm-up tent adjusting my clothing and I brushed my right arm against the gas heater. This melted the outer layer of my Russian parka. I didn't notice. When I got on the snowmobile I began to stream Siberian goose feathers behind. We eventually got back to BASC, and I ran into the warm equipment room, still leaving a trail of feathers. The arm was patched with duct tape, which true Alaskans will tell you, is what really holds Alaska civilization together.
The next morning we found out that a bear had knocked over the equipment and the UAF team had to go out again.
All this was when the weather was relatively good. In April, one of the graduate students was caught in a whiteout which was potentially life-threatening. He had to wait until he could move.
Eicken's measurements are crucial to understanding what is happening in Alaska and why it affects what will happen to the rest of the world because of it.


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Customizing an apartment or dorm room may seem like a daunting task when you are faced with the standard white or beige walls and strict instructions not to paint them. However, resourceful tenants with a little creativity and some basic decorating skills can bring color and personality into the plainest of living spaces.
Although you may not paint the existing walls, you might try building a large, thin frame the size of one of the smaller wall spaces. Cover your frame with thin canvas, and then feel free to paint it, stencil it, create a mural on it or even wall paper it. Use it to cover the living room, dining room or bedroom wall, and you have created a new focal point for the entire room. If this project seems too ambitious, consider creating your own abstract wall art on a smaller but still significant frame, or how about adding a poster reprint of a classic masterpiece? Online sources offer huge selections from which to choose. Build the frame yourself or splurge on a nice one that you can re-purpose when you move to more permanent housing.
If large wall art doesn't work for your budget, consider a collection of smaller but related art. Buy mismatched frames or mirrors, paint them the same color and hang them close together to display pictures cut from a favorite theme calendar or family photos. Other affordable wall treatments include popular, removable vinyl decals. Custom design your own wall treatment in country, contemporary or classic styling. These wall graphics will draw attention away from unsightly architectural features and create interesting focal points in almost any room of your house. They can also be applied to kitchen and bathroom tiles or cabinets.
Removable wall hooks are available at hardware and home improvement stores. They allow you to hang as much color on the wall as you wish without leaving unsightly holes when it's time to move. Use them in the living room for art or in the bathrooms for towels and bath robes. Floating wall shelves also allow you to add color and visual interest to your wall space. Strategically placed books, colored vases and personalized collections will brighten ordinary walls.
A slightly more ambitious and expensive wall project would be to add temporary wall paper. "Tempaper" sells for $70-$90 a roll, but it is self-adhesive, reposition-able and completely removable. Papering your walls with fabric and starch is another DIY project that will leave no permanent damage to the walls. A simpler but striking effect can be created by wallpapering the interior backs of your book cases or china cabinets with actual wallpaper, fabric or contact paper.
Many apartments not only have plain walls, but they also have utilitarian, beige carpeting. A brightly colored area rug can become the new focal point for your living room color scheme. If you don't already own one, look for a remnant and have the edges finished. Draw two or three colors from the rug to use as accents around the room.
Another way to bring color into a room is in your use of fabric. Colorful bedding, curtains, throw pillows and furniture slip covers can awaken even the dreariest of spaces. Buy ready-made or make them yourself by using a simple sewing pattern or no-sew tape and your trusty iron. Add matching fabric to lampshades. For the most impact, choose colors that are opposite on the color wheel. For bathrooms, coordinate colorful curtains, towels and bath mat with a nice piece of wall art.
So, if you can't paint the walls, what can you paint? How about adding some bright color to second-hand or thrift-store furniture? Pull unmatched pieces together with paint, slip covers or reupholstering and watch the energy level rise.
Finally, consider using those white or beige walls as part of your decorating plan. For example, pair a couple of bold colors with white for a clean, modern look. Combinations such as white-black-royal blue, white-black-red or white-country blue-butter yellow will be pleasing to the eye and professional looking. For a more relaxing atmosphere, use beige as a backdrop for natural, earthy colors and green plants.
Renting an apartment or house that cannot be painted does not need to limit your creativity or your love of colorful spaces. Take advantage of today's new products or bring old cast-offs back to life, and you will be amazed at the wonderful living space you can create on a budget you can afford.
Although most people will not immediately recognize them, all-electric Tesla cars are quietly gaining in popularity as they travel the highways and roads of the United States and abroad.Read More
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After two years' worth of choosing bright jewel colors, The Pantone Institute of Color has surprised the fashion world with its 2015 color of the year.Read More


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Ways to Slash Energy Costs to Save Thousands
by TheStreet.com Sep 16th 2015 5:00AM
Reducing energy costs on a daily basis can help consumers and small business owners save thousands of dollars each year. Here's how.
Reducing energy costs on a daily basis can help consumers and small business owners save thousands of dollars each year. Here's how.
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ABC's 'Shark Tank' has turned negotiation into entertainment television -- and we've got the top negotiation tactics preferred by each shark.
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Taking risks early in her career proved beneficial for 'Shark Tank' regular Barbara Corcoran. Here's her take on starting a business and more career advice.
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Last Tuesday at a film shoot at the Royal Oak Theater in Detroit, MI, Ben sang lead vocals on "Ain't Too Proud To Beg" and "I Heard It Through The Grapevine" with the legendary Motown session band, The Funk Brothers. The forthcoming documentary will chronical the musical history of The Funk Brothers, who recorded albums with Gladys Knight & The Pips, The Temptations, and more. A release date for the film has not been set.
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Due to overwhelming demand, a special third 7:00pm early show has been added on December 27th at the Wheeler Opera House in Aspen, CO. Tickets for the event will go on sale tomorrow at 10am MST. Stay tuned for updates!


text: I went to Path to Honor to start putting in my information and when I typed in my email address, it said I already have an account. I forgot I had started it a while back. Anyway, when I went to the retreive password page because I can't log in, when I type in my email address there, it says it's not registered. How do I either log in, or start a new one?


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Augustana Raises Record $121 Million for Scholarships, Academic Programs, Capital Improvements
Augustana officials today announced that gifts and commitments to the Momentum Augustana Campaign amounted to $121,437,279, making it the largest fundraising effort in the College's 154-year history.
Q&A with Alumnae: Gubernatorial Candidate Susan Jones Wismer and Running Mate Susy Blake
With election day less than a month away, we caught up with South Dakota gubernatorial candidate Susan Jones Wismer '78 and her running mate Susy Blake '93 to learn more about their time at Augustana and how their experiences here prepared them for the campaign trail.
Augustana Awarded 2015 Military Friendly® Schools Designation
Augustana has been named to the list of 2015 Military Friendly Schools, a distinction honoring the top 15 percent of colleges, universities and trade schools in the country that are doing the most to embrace America's military service members, veterans, and spouses.
50th Reunion Class Endows Scholarship
The Class of 1964 showed their school spirit during its 50th class reunion over Viking Days, presenting President Rob Oliver with a check for $58,588.50 – the sum of gifts from 68 members of the class.
Augustana Reports Enrollment Increase
Augustana's enrollment grew 3.3 percent from last year, College officials today reported. For Fall 2014, Augustana's total student headcount – the sum of part-time, full-time and graduate students – is 1,823. That number includes students from 29 states and 38 countries.
Photos: Alumni, Parents, Campus Community Celebrate Viking Days
Thousands gathered this weekend to celebrate Viking Days 2014. View photos!
Introducing a New Major/Minor: American Studies
Augustana has a new major! It's called American Studies, an interdisciplinary major drawing from departments including government, English, history, music and sociology. Read on to learn more.
Shaull, Bjork Crowned Viking Days King and Queen
Seniors Lance Shaull and Rachel Bjork were crowned Viking Days King and Queen at Coronation on Monday.
Natural Science Students Share Findings from Summer Research
This summer, more than 60 Augustana students conducted research on- and off-campus in the natural sciences. They shared their findings with the rest of the college at the undergraduate summer research poster session.
Viking Days Royal Court Announced
The countdown to Viking Days 2014 officially kicked into high gear Monday, Sept. 15, with the announcement of the Royal Court.


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Welcome to join us by visiting the Volvo Penta stand at Nor-Shipping and discover our new products which meet the new more stringent environmental demands for EPA tier 3. Please also take the opportunity to meet and discuss with representatives from Volvo Penta and its dealer network.
Join us on our channel trip! Great opportunity to experience and try the unique Volvo Penta IPS system as well as familiarizing with the Volvo Penta service and support network.
Seawork 2013 sees the launch of Volvo Penta's revolutionary IPS propulsion system specifically for marine commercial applications.


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Brand: Rugby Meclizine 12.5 mg Side-Effects: Constipation, stomach pain. It didnt really help much. I been taking it 2-3days , sometimes I take one other times two. It only would help for an hour and the dizziness would come back. Worst of all was stomach discomfort and having constipation. Is there a better brand or better type medication anyone had found helpful for vertigo? Thank you in advance.
made me feel worse
I have severe vertigo attacks that cause me to lose my balance and stagger like a drunk, ultimately vomiting needing to lay down for hours to recover. I have to use meclizine 25mg much more frequently than the every 8 hours to have any sort of control of my vertigo. I keep tablets by my bed at night; if I wake up in the middle of the night dizzy, I take a pill to try to keep the usually resultng nausea somewhat at bay when I get up in the morning. During my vertigo attack sessions (usually for 2 - 3 weeks), I could take 8 or more meclizine in a day with minimal relief of vertigo (but better than no relief). Nothing seems to help, and the meclizine is not the remedy for my vertigo at all.
This medicine does not help me with my vertigo. I am constantly having dizzy spells and this medicine does not help at all. I have tried taking it on the onset of my dizziness and it helps with no symptoms and I have no side affects with the medicine. I took one tablet 25mg every 8 hours and even tried doubling the dosage
At 25MG It didn't help me at all and caused my bladder to block up.
I first took meclizine for nausea due to being car sick. I get very sick just being in a car for longer than an hour. Living in the city, it's very hard to cope with because everytime I go anywhere, I'm in the car longer than an hour! I got Dramamine less drowsy which has meclizine and it WORKS WONDERS! And to top it, I have anxiety. So when I feel nauseous due to anxiety, I take it and it works great. My mom took it when she had a stomach virus and it kept her from vomitting. I highly recommend meclizine! So glad it's OTC now!
If I go on a trip and I'm not the driver I get motion sickness, this plus the fact that I have vertigo makes for a bad day. I take meclizine first thing in the morning on the day of travel and I'm good to go. Now with the vertigo I never know when it's going to come on so I always carry it with me at the onset of dizziness and nausea, I take one and with in the hour all symptoms are gone.. You may find this as on over the counter medicine. So ask your pharmacy..
Sudden onset of vertigo yesterday morning(after weeks of cervical pain and headaches)took me by surprise. I awoke with extremely painful headache and neck ache, then tried to get up but everything began spinning. I had no balance and when I went to the bathroom I became clammy and nauseous. I vomited within seconds- this continued for hours. I couldn't keep down anything- not even sips of water. My housemate bought this for me after online research suggested it. I first used it last night and it helped tremendously- most importantly it stopped the spinning feeling and vomiting. Today I used it upon rising but took two tablets (50 mg) at a time and it has gotten me through the day. I haven't vomited or even felt very nauseous today, and the dizziness is bearable as long as I move slowly. I will see a physician tomorrow morning but this medicine was a real lifesaver. Vertigo is AWFUL!
at first you may be tired but if you use it on a more frequent basis it goes away. So far it had changed my life!!! For the better and I hope it will keep doing that!
Medication works fine, but it was difficult to keep the first dose down. Oral medication for vertigo is not the best first choice in my opinion.


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Almost gave up on Ubuntu due to serious wireless frustration issue, but decided to upgrade to see if that helped shake out whatever it was.
Happy to report that Ubuntu now picks up my WAP much more quickly.
However when I get prompted for the keychain password (and enter it correctly), it rejects the password. I get around this simply by clicking the 'Deny' button and I authenticate to the WAP right away.
Probably a simple fix, but I'm flummoxed.


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PORT JERVIS, N.Y. -- Alyssa, Phillip, Adam and Sara Hansen built a 6-foot Frosty the Snowman on a recent family vacation.
LAFAYETTE, N.J. -- Winter wonderland. Taken with an Olympus Stylus 300 digital.
PHILISPBURG, St. Maarten-- This photo was taken while vacationing with family, wife, children, their spouses and grandchildren. It says, Port St. Lucie 1281 miles. Taken with a Canon SD1000.
SAN DIEGO -- A team of the Navy's Explosive Ordnance Disposal personal demonstrates one of the many ways they enter or exit a hazardous area. The photo demonstrates how after disarming a mine or bomb, the team calls for a pickup. The helicopter comes in, drops a cable and the team, using a special harness, snaps onto the cable and all six of them are lifted aboard at once. These men are trained and qualified to disarm anything from improvised explosive devices (IEDs) to nuclear weapons.
SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK -- Carter and Taylor and their first time in snow.
MARTINIQUE -- My husband and I were recently on a 10 day cruise to the southern Caribbean celebrating our upcoming 25th wedding anniversary. This beautiful rainbow was right outside our veranda. Awesome!
PROVIDENCE, R.I. -- Betsy Williams Cottage (museum) in Roger Williams Park. It was taken in 1960 at Christmas time.
MONTREAL, Canada -- The interior of the Notre Dame Cathedral. Construction began in 1627 and was completed in 1829. Taken with a Canon EOS Rebel xti.
CAPTIVA ISLAND -- Sun just getting ready to set. Taken with a Sony Cybershot DSC-T70.
UTAH -- A walkway leads to the overlook at Bryce Canyon. Taken with a Sony Cybershot DSC-W170.
ST. THOMAS -- Signs atop a mountain at Charlotte Amalie in the U.S. Virgin Islands point in all directions.
ST. KITTS, West Indies -- The botanical gardens at Romney Manor Plantation.
ST. KITTS, West Indies -- The batik factory at Romney Manor Plantation.
KISSIMMEE -- We were at Boggy Creek Air Boat Rentals when my son-in-law Anthony Pizzo placed his head inside an alligator, not real of course.
A steam engine train travels up into the mountains between New Mexico and Colorado on the Cumbres and Toltec Railroad, America's longest and highest narrow gauge railroad.
YARMOUTH, Nova Scotia -- The main industry in this area is lobster and the people are some of the friendliest we have have met anywhere. Taken with a Canon Rebel XTi.
YARMOUTH, Nova Scotia -- This is the sunset from the lighthouse, taken about 9:15 p.m., and the colors were brilliant. Taken with a Canon Rebel XTi.
IRELAND -- This photo taken on the "Ring of Kerry in the southwestern part of the country was captured using a Canon Powershot SX 100 IS.
NORTH CAROLINA -- Sunset over the Blue Ridge mountains, Oct. 17. Taken with a Nikon D-40X.
WEST INDIES, St. Kitts -- Gingerbread cottage at Romney Manor Plantation.
WEST INDIES, St. Lucia -- Boats at the ready in Marigot harbor.
WEST INDIES, St. Kitts -- View from Romney Manor Plantation.
TANZANIA -- My son, daughter-in-law and myself with the Maasai in East Africa this past summer. They had just cooked us a goat over a fire which was delicious. Taken with a Panasonic DMC-FZ18 camera.
FRANCE -- This interesting street scene was in the little town of Cluny, located a few miles south of Chalon-sur-Saone. You'll see the town post office (La Poste) in the foreground. Taken with a Canon Power Shot S5IS.
YARMOUTH, Nova Scotia -- The Bay of Fundy is know for the world's highest tides. This is low tide at a waterway used by lobstermen and other commercial and pleasure fishermen. You really need to know your tides or you will be stranded. Taken with a Canon Rebel XTi.
PIERSON, Michigan -- This snowy cornfield is in the back of my brother's farm.
LIGURIA, Italy -- The waves wash against La Spezia, Cinqua De Terre National Park on the Mediterranean Sea in Northern Italy. Taken with a Canon Rebel XT with a 28-135 mm lens.
UTAH -- Sunrise blankets the hoodoos at Bryce National Park.
UTAH -- Delicate Arch taken in Arches National Park.
WYOMING -- A view of the Teton Range on a clear, crisp morning in Grand Teton National Park.
COZUMEL, Mexico -- Planacar Beach is not only a beautiful beach, but a sheller's dream. It looks like shells even grow on trees. We brought home two shells and left the rest for the next visitors.
ST. THOMAS, Virgin Islands -- Sapphire Beach is great for snorkeling or just relaxing. Bring a camera, there are iguanas all over the place.
NASSAU, Bahamas -- What a spectacular sight of the Atlantis resort on Paradise Island. It looks like a cover for a fairy tale story.
ISLAMORADA -- Our balcony looked out over this beautiful sunrise, captured by our son, Lars. We were down in the Keys for Thanksgiving holiday.
BANGKOK, Thailand -- The Temple of the Dawn is one of the country's most important temples. It is constructed of ceramic. Thailand is a beautiful country and the people are extremely gracious and welcoming.
BRISTOL, Maine -- New Harbor. Taken with a Nikon Coolpix 885.
SEINE, Italy -- This photo was taken in September on a street in town.
ALASKA -- The North Pole.
LORIDA, Fla. -- This otter was swimming in a canal off of Lake Istokpoga.


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David McAllister - Político alemán
Palabras clave
The picture of German politician Stephan Weil is seen on an election... Fotografía de noticiasAlemania,Baja Sajonia,Conflicto,David McAllister - Político alemán,Democracia,Dominación,Domingo,Día,Elecciones,Hannover,Mes,Política,Político,Póster,Rasgado,Stephan Weil,Titular del cargo,Vertical,Votar,Ángela MerkelPhotographer ODD ANDERSENCollection: AFP 2013 AFPThe picture of German politician Stephan Weil (SPD) is seen on an election poster next to a half torn one of the incumbent State Premier David McAllister the day after the elections in Hanover, northern Germany on January 21, 2013.Germany's centre-left opposition beat Chancellor Angela Merkel's ruling alliance Sunday in a cliffhanger state poll eight months ahead of a national election, estimates on public television showed. In one of the tightest German state races in recent memory, the Social Democrats together with the Greens eked out a one-seat lead in Lower Saxony in northwestern Germany, just ahead of the incumbent coalition of Merkel's Christian Democrats with the Free Democrats. AFP PHOTO / ODD ANDERSEN (Photo credit should read ODD ANDERSEN/AFP/Getty Images)


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External funding is money awarded from grant giving organisations – externally acquired financial support which is additional to the running costs of an organisation. Hence, grants are usually made for a specific activity or a project rather than the usual day-to-day activities of an organisation or group. In order to be eligible for a grant, the applicant has to meet the funder's specific criteria and show how the proposed project will help to implement the funder's targets and objectives.
Audio files of cycle magazine are available, please log in to access the audio files.
Copyright © CTC 2015


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- Northern New York Newspapers
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CANTON A 25-year-old woman who claims James Sabre Jr. entered her Waddington home and tried to force her to have sex with him was the first witness to testify in Sabres sexual-assault trial Friday morning in St. Lawrence County Court.
Sabre, 44, of 56 Oak St., Waddington, is accused of sexually assaulting three women in summer, fall and winter 2010 at different locations in the village.
Sabre is charged with felony first-degree sexual abuse, felony second-degree burglary, second-degree burglary as a sexually motivated crime and four counts of felony first-degree attempted rape.
Under questioning from Assistant District Attorney Amanda N. Nissen, the woman said she, her boyfriend and another woman, whom prosecutors allege Sabre tried to assault at an earlier date, had been drinking the night of Sept. 17, 2010, at a nearby bar. She said she was awakened early the next morning by the sound of Sabres voice, and saw the man she knew as Bucky standing in the doorway as she lay in bed.
It was dark in my room, so I kind of panicked, the woman said. She called out for her boyfriend, who had left earlier to go to work in the Plattsburgh area. She said she reached for her mobile phone, didnt find it at her side, and tried to get up.
The woman then described a struggle in which she said Sabre tried to pin her down on the bed, followed her around the trailer home as she searched for her phone, and tried again to pin her down, his exposed genitals touching her groin. She said he cornered her in the kitchen and forced her to touch his genitals, telling her that she owed him oral sex.
The woman said she then went to her car to look for her phone, and quickly drove away to the home of the female friend with whom she had been out the previous night.
Defense attorney Peter A. Dumas asked the woman to confirm that in her efforts to escape and search for her phone, she passed the front door without leaving the home all while Sabre, his pants partly down, followed her around.
I would have walked by it twice, she replied.
Mr. Dumas also asked the woman whether she had ever had a physical relationship with Sabre, with whom she had been acquainted for several years.
She said that she never had sex with him, but that there had been minor physical contact, including his kissing her, that was mostly just flirty.
Jurors also heard a 57-minute recording of Sabre being questioned on Sept. 18, 2010, by St. Lawrence County Sheriffs Detective Sgt. Brooks J. Bigwarfe, in which Sabre maintained his visit that morning was to confirm plans to attend a pig roast with the woman and her boyfriend later that day in South Colton.
Sabres voice is heard telling the detective that he called the boyfriend shortly before 6:20 a.m. and learned the man was en route to work. He said that he went to the trailer on his bicycle to ask about a ride so he could help set up the roast, and that it was not uncommon for him to go there at early hours to have coffee.
Sabre told Mr. Bigwarfe he saw the woman through her front door, coming out of the bathroom. He said he was still standing in the doorway as she rushed out, mumbling about calling her boyfriend, and quickly drove away.
You couldnt talk to her. She rushed out the door, Sabre reportedly told Mr. Bigwarfe.
He denied trying to force himself on the woman, but acknowledged there had been kinky talk at the bar the previous night, including references to the woman owing him oral sex.
I guarantee you I said something like that last night, he is heard saying. But not this morning.
Testimony is scheduled to resume Monday morning.
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Kaptivating Kidz: 'You have to train, sweat, bleed, die to get there - then resurrect'
EUGENE, Ore. - A group of teens from the Family Karate Center in Eugene have earned the right to take their martial arts training to a national stage.
Levi Whittaker, 13, claimed, "It's more of a lifestyle."
For 15-year-old Morgan Roy, baby she was born with it. "When I was in my Mom's womb, everybody would kiai. I would jump, so it's kind of in my blood."
Their obsession to martial arts has paid off: Ten of the kids will represent the state of Oregon after qualifying for the AAU Nationals at the end of June in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.
Sarah West, 19, is in her 13th year of karate and knows what kind of sacrifice you have to make. "You have to train, sweat, bleed, die to get there. Then resurrect."
Josh Grose added, "We take pride in our work . Not like boastful pride but there is certainly a certain level of satisfaction that you get from working hard and go to an official tournament."
That pride and work is a 24-7, 365 deal.
"Karate is year round. You are always doing it," Jonathan Hebert stated.
Josh chimed in, "The world's greatest pianist, if he doesn't practice for one day only he knows, but if he doesn't practice three days, the whole world knows."
Keeping in tune now has the kids taking their talents to South Beach against some of the countries best.
"You never train with any sort of intent to fight, for lack of a better term, some punk. You don't think about it. You have to think about the guys that can really take your head off in these competitions," said Aaron Polter.
"It's scary. If they punch me in the face, it will probably hurt but if you get hurt, a lot of it is in your mind. If you scrape your knee you can cry about it, or you can," (Roy takes a deep breath) just take it. Don't whine about it."
Those are some strong minds, bodies and souls.
Connect with Nick Krupke through Facebook. Just "like" Nick Krupke KVAL
Know of any sporty "Kaptivating Kidz" that need some recognition on KVAL? Drop us a line and tell us why a certain special little someone or team should get some time to shine in the spotlight.
Visit the Kaptivating Kidz page on kval.com and tune into KVAL News at 5:00 each Tuesday night for a new installment.


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- Northern New York Newspapers
- Watertown
- Ogdensburg
- Massena-Potsdam
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LOWVILLE A Lowville man was sentenced to state prison time Friday in Lewis County Court on charges that he sold prescription drugs illicitly.
Randy R. Grimmer Jr., 30, was sentenced as a second- felony offender to four years in prison, two years of post-release supervision, a six-month drivers license suspension, $202.41 restitution and $375 in court fees on a charge of fourth-degree criminal sale of a controlled substance, to which he pleaded guilty July 12. He was accused of selling hydrocodone in Lowville.
Also in Lewis County Court on Friday:
Nathaniel Walker III, 39, Utica, was sentenced to 11⁄3 to 4 years in prison, $2,212.23 in shared restitution and $625 in court fees on charges of fourth-degree grand larceny and second-degree promoting prison contraband, to which he pleaded guilty July 12. He also is to enter the state prison systems 90-day Willard Drug Rehabilitation Program, which allows inmates who successfully complete it to serve the remainder of their prison sentences under parole supervision, and Judge Daniel R. King ordered him to have no contact with Walmart stores or property for five years.
Mr. Walker was accused of helping to steal more than $1,000 worth of DVDs from the Lowville Walmart on Jan. 15 and having Suboxone while in county jail May 8.
Allan K. Harris, 38, Lowville, was sentenced to 1� years in prison, with mandatory participation in the Willard program, $40 restitution and $50 in court fees, on a charge of third-degree attempted criminal sale of a controlled substance, to which he pleaded guilty July 12. He was accused of selling oxycodone in Lowville.
Lyle F. Davoy Sr., 56, of 9520 Stillwater Road, town of Watson, had his case of second-degree murder, third-degree criminal possession of a weapon and first-degree criminal use of a firearm adjourned to Oct. 18. He is accused of shooting his son Lyle F. Davoy Jr., 29, in the upper torso with a 20-gauge shotgun on the night of May 13 outside a Stillwater Road residence, causing the younger Mr. Davoys death.
James R. Sees, 41, and his wife, Nicole L., 28, both of High Falls Apartments, 4061 Cherry St., Apt. 3, and Jody A. Kirk Jr., 28, no permanent address, were arraigned on charges of third-degree unlawful manufacture of methamphetamine and second-degree criminal possession of a controlled substance, while Mr. and Mrs. Sees additionally were charged with unlawful disposal of methamphetamine laboratory material, Mr. Sees and Mr. Kirk were each charged with seventh-degree criminal possession of a controlled substance and Mr. Kirk was charged with criminally possessing a hypodermic instrument. All three pleaded innocent to the charges and were sent back to Lewis County jail, with bail set at $20,000 cash or $40,000 bond.
The three are accused of operating a meth lab Sept. 3 in the Sees apartment.
Justin C. OBrien, 30, Rome, pleaded guilty to an amended charge of fifth-degree attempted criminal sale of a controlled substance, satisfying one other count of fifth-degree criminal sale and three counts of seventh-degree criminal possession of a controlled substance, along with one count of unlawful possession of marijuana. Sentencing was set for Nov. 15. Mr. OBrien was accused of selling Xanax on Aug. 11 and possessing LSD, cocaine and marijuana Aug. 12 at the moe.down music festival in Turin.
Jody L. Wetmore, 38, Glenfield, pleaded guilty to third-degree criminal sale of a controlled substance, also satisfying a second count of that charge and two counts of third-degree criminal possession of a controlled substance. Sentencing was set for Nov. 15. She was accused of selling morphine in October and November in Lowville.
Alan H. Carmichael, 73, Buffalo, was arraigned on a charge of felony driving while intoxicated and pleaded guilty. Sentencing was set for Dec. 4. He was stopped June 13 on Route 3 in the town of Diana.
Todd M. Suiter, 23, of 7574 S. State St., was arraigned on charges of third-degree assault and resisting arrest and pleaded innocent. His case was adjourned to Oct. 4. Mr. Suiter was accused of hitting Deputy Brett W. Croneiser and trying to avoid arrest July 25 in the town of Watson.
Wenrick J. Fleming Jr.,39, of 5490 River Road, Apt. 1, had his case of reckless assault of a child, second-degree assault and endangering the welfare of a child adjourned to Oct. 4. Mr. Fleming was accused of, on Nov. 13, shaking his 9-month-old son, causing brain injuries.
Thousands of readers like you have made Northern New York Newspapers the number one ranked website* for local news and sports coverage in the north country.
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