text:
42 U.S. Code § 1788 - Team nutrition network
(a) Purposes
The purposes of the team nutrition network are—
(1) to establish State systems to promote the nutritional health of school children of the United States through nutrition education and the use of team nutrition messages and material developed by the Secretary, and to encourage regular physical activity and other activities that support healthy lifestyles for children, including those based on the most recent Dietary Guidelines for Americans published under section 5341 of title 7;
(2) to provide assistance to States for the development of comprehensive and integrated nutrition education and active living programs in schools and facilities that participate in child nutrition programs;
(3) to provide training and technical assistance and disseminate team nutrition messages to States, school and community nutrition programs, and child nutrition food service professionals;
(4) to coordinate and collaborate with other nutrition education and active living programs that share similar goals and purposes; and
(b) Definition of team nutrition network
In this section, the term "team nutrition network" means a statewide multidisciplinary program for children to promote healthy eating and physical activity based on scientifically valid information and sound educational, social, and marketing principles.
(c) Grants
(1) In general
Subject to the availability of funds for use in carrying out this section, in addition to any other funds made available to the Secretary for team nutrition purposes, the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Education, may make grants to State agencies for each fiscal year, in accordance with this section, to establish team nutrition networks to promote nutrition education through—
(2) Form
A portion of the grants provided under this subsection may be in the form of competitive grants.
(3) Funds from nongovernmental sources
In carrying out this subsection, the Secretary may accept cash contributions from nongovernmental organizations made expressly to further the purposes of this section, to be managed by the Food and Nutrition Service, for use by the Secretary and the States in carrying out this section.
(d) Allocation
Subject to the availability of funds for use in carrying out this section, the total amount of funds made available for a fiscal year for grants under this section shall equal not more than the sum of—
(1) the product obtained by multiplying 1/2 cent by the number of lunches reimbursed through food service programs under the Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act (42 U.S.C. 1751 et seq.) during the second preceding fiscal year in schools, institutions, and service institutions that participate in the food service programs; and
(e) Requirements for State participation
To be eligible to receive a grant under this section, a State agency shall submit to the Secretary a plan that—
(2) is submitted at such time and in such manner, and that contains such information, as the Secretary may require, including—
(A) a description of the goals and proposed State plan for addressing the health and other consequences of children who are at risk of becoming overweight or obese;
(B) an analysis of the means by which the State agency will use and disseminate the team nutrition messages and material developed by the Secretary;
(C) an explanation of the ways in which the State agency will use the funds from the grant to work toward the goals required under subparagraph (A), and to promote healthy eating and physical activity and fitness in schools throughout the State;
(D) a description of the ways in which the State team nutrition network messages and activities will be coordinated at the State level with other health promotion and education activities;
(E) a description of the consultative process that the State agency employed in the development of the model nutrition and physical activity programs, including consultations with individuals and organizations with expertise in promoting public health, nutrition, or physical activity;
(F) a description of how the State agency will evaluate the effectiveness of each program developed by the State agency;
(H) a description of the ways in which the total school environment will support healthy eating and physical activity; and
(I) a description of how all communications to parents and legal guardians of students who are members of a household receiving or applying for assistance under the program shall be in an understandable and uniform format and, to the maximum extent practicable, in a language that parents and legal guardians can understand.
(f) State coordinator
Each State that receives a grant under this section shall appoint a team nutrition network coordinator who shall—
(1) administer and coordinate the team nutrition network within and across schools, school food authorities, and other child nutrition program providers in the State; and
(g) Authorized activities
A State agency that receives a grant under this section may use funds from the grant—
(A) to collect, analyze, and disseminate data regarding the extent to which children and youths in the State are overweight, physically inactive, or otherwise suffering from nutrition-related deficiencies or disease conditions; and
(2) to implement model elementary and secondary education curricula using team nutrition network messages and material developed by the Secretary to create a comprehensive, coordinated nutrition and physical fitness awareness and obesity prevention program;
(3) to implement pilot projects in schools to promote physical activity and to enhance the nutritional status of students;
(4) to improve access to local foods through farm-to-cafeteria activities that may include the acquisition of food and the provision of training and education;
(5) to implement State guidelines in health (including nutrition education and physical education guidelines) and to emphasize regular physical activity during school hours;
(7) to provide training and technical assistance to teachers and school food service professionals consistent with the purposes of this section;
(8) to collaborate with public and private organizations, including community-based organizations, State medical associations, and public health groups, to develop and implement nutrition and physical education programs targeting lower income children, ethnic minorities, and youth at a greater risk for obesity.
(h) Local nutrition and physical activity grants
(1) In general
Subject to the availability of funds to carry out this subsection, the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Education, shall provide assistance to selected local educational agencies to create healthy school nutrition environments, promote healthy eating habits, and increase physical activity, consistent with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans published under section 5341 of title 7, among elementary and secondary education students.
(2) Selection of schools
In selecting local educational agencies for grants under this subsection, the Secretary shall—
(A) provide for the equitable distribution of grants among—
(B) consider factors that affect need, including local educational agencies with significant minority or low-income student populations; and
(3) Requirement for participation
To be eligible to receive assistance under this subsection, a local educational agency shall, in consultation with individuals who possess education or experience appropriate for representing the general field of public health, including nutrition and fitness professionals, submit to the Secretary an application that shall include—
(A) a description of the need of the local educational agency for a nutrition and physical activity program, including an assessment of the nutritional environment of the school;
(B) a description of how the proposed project will improve health and nutrition through education and increased access to physical activity;
(C) a description of how the proposed project will be aligned with the local wellness policy required under section 204 of the Child Nutrition and WIC Reauthorization Act of 2004;
(D) a description of how funds under this subsection will be coordinated with other programs under this chapter, the Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act (42 U.S.C. 1751 et seq.), or other Acts, as appropriate, to improve student health and nutrition;
(E) a statement of the measurable goals of the local educational agency for nutrition and physical education programs and promotion;
(F) a description of the procedures the agency will use to assess and publicly report progress toward meeting those goals; and
(4) Duration
Subject to the availability of funds made available to carry out this subsection, a local educational agency receiving assistance under this subsection shall conduct the project during a period of 3 successive school years beginning with the initial fiscal year for which the local educational agency receives funds.
(5) Authorized activities
An eligible applicant that receives assistance under this subsection—
(A) shall use funds provided to—
(i) promote healthy eating through the development and implementation of nutrition education programs and curricula based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans published under section 5341 of title 7; and
(B) may use funds provided to—
(i) educate parents and students about the relationship of a poor diet and inactivity to obesity and other health problems;
(iii) provide training and technical assistance to food service professionals to develop more appealing, nutritious menus and recipes;
(iv) incorporate nutrition education into physical education, health education, and after school programs, including athletics;
(v) involve parents, nutrition professionals, food service staff, educators, community leaders, and other interested parties in assessing the food options in the school environment and developing and implementing an action plan to promote a balanced and healthy diet;
(vi) provide nutrient content or nutrition information on meals served through the school lunch program established under the Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act (42 U.S.C. 1751 et seq.) and the school breakfast program established by section 1773 of this title and items sold a la carte during meal times;
(vii) encourage the increased consumption of a variety of healthy foods, including fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy products, through new initiatives to creatively market healthful foods, such as salad bars and fruit bars;
(viii) offer healthy food choices outside program meals, including by making low-fat and nutrient dense options available in vending machines, school stores, and other venues; and
(6) Report
Not later than 18 months after completion of the projects and evaluations under this subsection, the Secretary shall—
(A) submit to the Committee on Education and the Workforce of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry of the Senate a report describing the results of the evaluation under this subsection; and
(i) Nutrition education support
In carrying out the purpose of this section to support nutrition education, the Secretary may provide for technical assistance and grants to improve the quality of school meals and access to local foods in schools and institutions.
(j) Limitation
Material prepared under this section regarding agricultural commodities, food, or beverages, must be factual and without bias.
(k) Team nutrition network independent evaluation
(1) In general
Subject to the availability of funds to carry out this subsection, the Secretary shall offer to enter into an agreement with an independent, nonpartisan, science-based research organization—
(A) to conduct a comprehensive independent evaluation of the effectiveness of the team nutrition initiative and the team nutrition network under this section; and
(B) to identify best practices by schools in—
(iv) improving student nutrition behaviors on the school campus, including by increasing healthier meal choices by students, as evidenced by greater inclusion of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean dairy and protein in meal and snack selections;
(v) providing training and technical assistance for food service professionals resulting in the availability of healthy meals that appeal to ethnic and cultural taste preferences;
(vii) successfully involving parents, school administrators, the private sector, public health agencies, nonprofit organizations, and other community partners;
(2) Report
Not later than 3 years after funds are made available to carry out this subsection, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Education and the Workforce of the House of Representatives, the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report describing the findings of the independent evaluation.
Source(Pub. L. 89–642, § 19, as added Pub. L. 95–166, § 15,Nov. 10, 1977, 91 Stat. 1340; amended Pub. L. 96–499, title II, § 213,Dec. 5, 1980, 94 Stat. 2603; Pub. L. 97–35, title VIII, §§ 806, 817(f),Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 527, 532; Pub. L. 99–500, title III, §§ 315, 362, 372(b), 373(b),Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–360, 1783–368, 1783–369, and Pub. L. 99–591, title III, §§ 315, 362, 372(b), 373(b),Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–363, 3341–371, 3341–372; Pub. L. 99–661, div. D, title I, § 4105, title IV, § 4402, title V, §§ 4502(b), 4503 (b),Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 4071, 4079–4081; Pub. L. 101–147, title I, § 124, title II, § 214, title III, § 327,Nov. 10, 1989, 103 Stat. 905, 913, 918; Pub. L. 103–448, title II, § 205,Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4746; Pub. L. 104–193, title VII, § 731(a)–(f), Aug. 22, 1996, 110 Stat. 2305–2307; Pub. L. 105–336, title II, § 204,Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3167; Pub. L. 106–78, title VII, § 752(b)(16),Oct. 22, 1999, 113 Stat. 1170; Pub. L. 108–265, title II, § 205(a),June 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 782.)
References in Text
The Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act, referred to in subsecs. (d)(1) and (h)(3)(D), (5)(B)(vi), is act June 4, 1946, ch. 281, 60 Stat. 230, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 13 (§ 1751 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1751 of this title and Tables.
Section 204 of the Child Nutrition and WIC Reauthorization Act of 2004, referred to in subsec. (h)(3)(C), is section 204 ofPub. L. 108–265, which is set out as a note under section 1751 of this title.
Pub. L. 99–591is a corrected version of Pub. L. 99–500.
2004—Pub. L. 108–265amended section catchline and text generally. Prior to amendment, section consisted of subsecs. (a) to (i) relating to the establishment of a system of grants to State educational agencies for the development of comprehensive nutrition education and training programs, which would include, but not be limited to, instructing students with regard to the nutritional value of foods and the relationship between food and health, training child nutrition program personnel in the principles and practices of food service management, instructing teachers in principles of nutrition education, developing and using classroom materials and curricula, and providing information to parents and caregivers regarding the nutritional value of food and the relationship between food and health.
1999—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 106–78made technical amendment to references in original act which appear in text as references to sections 1761 and 1769b–1 of this title.
1998—Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 105–336inserted subsec. heading and par. (1)(A) and struck out former subsec. heading and pars. (1) to (3)(A) which provided for grants to States for nutrition education and information programs based on rate of 50 cents for each child enrolled in schools, minimum amounts to be received by States, and authorizations of appropriations; redesignated par. (3)(B) as (1)(B); and redesignated pars. (4) and (5) as (2) and (3), respectively.
1996—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–193, § 731(a)(1), substituted "that effective dissemination of scientifically valid information to children participating or eligible to participate in the school lunch and related child nutrition programs should be encouraged." for "that—" and pars. (1) to (5) which related to priority of proper nutrition, lack of understanding of principles of good nutrition, training school employees, role of parents, and opportunities for children to learn about importance of good nutrition.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–193, § 731(a)(2), substituted "establish" for "encourage effective dissemination of scientifically valid information to children participating or eligible to participate in the school lunch and related child nutrition programs by establishing".
Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 104–193, § 731(b)(1)(B), struck out "(A)" before "The funds made available" in introductory provisions, redesignated cls. (i) to (viii) and (xx) as subpars. (A) to (H) and (I), respectively, added subpar. (J), and struck out cls. (ix) to (xix) which related to use of funds for a nutrition component usable in consumer, homemaking and health education programs, instructing staff on working with children from different backgrounds, developing means of providing nutrition education in materials to children through after-school programs, training about healthy and nutritious meals, creating instructional programming for school staff and parents, aspects of the Strategic Plan for Nutrition and Education, encouraging public service advertisements, coordinating and promoting nutrition activities in local school districts, contracting with public and private nonprofit educational institutions for nutrition education, increasing awareness of importance of breakfasts, and coordinating and promoting nutrition education under child nutrition programs.
Pub. L. 104–193, § 731(b)(1)(A), struck out subpar. (B) which read as follows: "As used in this paragraph, the term 'language appropriate' used with respect to materials, programming, or advertisements means materials, programming, or advertisements, respectively, using a language other than the English language in a case in which the language is dominant for a large percentage of individuals participating in the program."
Subsec. (f)(2), (3). Pub. L. 104–193, § 731(b)(2), (3), redesignated par. (3) as (2) and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: "Any State desiring to receive grants authorized by this section may, from the funds appropriated to carry out this section, receive a planning and assessment grant for the purposes of carrying out the responsibilities described in clauses (A), (B), (C), and (D) of paragraph (1) of this subsection. Any State receiving a planning and assessment grant, may, during the first year of participation, be advanced a portion of the funds necessary to carry out such responsibilities: Provided, That in order to receive additional funding, the State must carry out such responsibilities."
Subsec. (f)(4). Pub. L. 104–193, § 731(b)(2), struck out par. (4) which read as follows: "Nothing in this section shall prohibit State or local educational agencies from making available or distributing to adults nutrition education materials, resources, activities, or programs authorized under this section."
Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 104–193, § 731(c), substituted "be available at any reasonable time" for "at all times be available" in second sentence.
Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 104–193, § 731(d)(1), in second sentence, struck out "as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection" after "needs in the State" and "as provided in paragraph (3) of this subsection" after "prepare a State plan".
Subsec. (h)(2). Pub. L. 104–193, § 731(d)(2), struck out at end "Such assessment shall include, but not be limited to, the identification and location of all students in need of nutrition education. The assessment shall also identify State and local individual, group, and institutional resources within the State for materials, facilities, staffs, and methods related to nutrition education."
Subsec. (h)(3). Pub. L. 104–193, § 731(d)(3), struck out par. (3) which related to comprehensive nutrition education plan to be submitted by State coordinator within 9 months of award of planning and assessment grant and reviews in light of plan.
Subsec. (i)(2)(A). Pub. L. 104–193, § 731(e)(1), struck out "and each succeeding fiscal year" after "fiscal year 1996".
Subsec. (i)(3) to (5). Pub. L. 104–193, § 731(e)(2), (3), added par. (3) and redesignated former pars. (3) and (4) as (4) and (5), respectively.
Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 104–193, § 731(f), struck out subsec. (j) which read as follows:
"(1) The Secretary shall assess the nutrition education and training program carried out under this section to determine what nutrition education needs are for children participating under the National School Lunch Act in the school lunch program, the summer food service program, and the child care food program.
"(2) The assessment required by paragraph (1) shall be completed not later than October 1, 1990."
1994—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103–448, § 205(a), substituted "education and training programs" for "information and education programs".
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 103–448, § 205(a), (b), substituted "education and training program" for "information and education program" in first sentence, substituted "child nutrition program personnel" for "school food service personnel" in subpar. (B), and added subpar. (E).
Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 103–448, § 205(a), (c)(1), substituted "education and training program" for "information and education program" in introductory provisions and inserted ", and the provision of nutrition education to parents and caregivers" before period at end of subpar. (C).
Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 103–448, § 205(c)(2), substituted "educational, school food service, child care, and summer food service personnel" for "educational and school food service personnel".
Subsec. (d)(5). Pub. L. 103–448, § 205(c)(3), in first sentence inserted ", and in child care institutions and summer food service institutions," after "schools".
Subsec. (f)(1)(A). Pub. L. 103–448, § 205(d)(1), designated existing provisions of par. (1) as subpar. (A). Former subpar. (A) redesignated cl. (i).
Subsec. (f)(1)(A)(i) to (viii). Pub. L. 103–448, § 205(d)(2)–(4), redesignated subpars. (A) to (H) as cls. (i) to (viii), respectively, of subpar. (A) and realigned margins.
Subsec. (f)(1)(A)(ix). Pub. L. 103–448, § 205(d)(5), (7), added cl. (ix). Former cl. (ix) redesignated (xx).
Pub. L. 103–448, § 205(d)(3), (4), redesignated subpar. (I) as cl. (ix) of subpar. (A) and realigned margins.
Subsec. (f)(1)(A)(x) to (xix). Pub. L. 103–448, § 205(d)(7), added cls. (x) to (xix).
Subsec. (f)(1)(A)(xx). Pub. L. 103–448, § 205(d)(6), redesignated cl. (ix) as (xx).
Subsec. (f)(1)(B). Pub. L. 103–448, § 205(d)(8), added subpar. (B). Former subpar. (B) redesignated cl. (ii) of subpar. (A).
Subsec. (f)(1)(C) to (F). Pub. L. 103–448, § 205(d)(3), redesignated subpars. (C) to (F) as cls. (iii) to (vi) of subpar. (A).
Subsec. (f)(1)(G). Pub. L. 103–448, § 205(d)(3), redesignated subpar. (G) as cl. (vii) of subpar. (A).
Pub. L. 103–448, § 205(a), substituted "education and training" for "information and education".
Subsec. (f)(1)(H), (I). Pub. L. 103–448, § 205(d)(3), redesignated subpars. (H) and (I) as cls. (viii) and (ix), respectively, of subpar. (A).
Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 103–448, § 205(e), added par. (3) and struck out former par. (3) which read as follows: "An amount not to exceed 15 percent of each State's grant may be used for up to 50 percent of the expenditures for overall administrative and supervisory purposes in connection with the program authorized under this section."
Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 103–448, § 205(f), substituted "nutrition education and training needs" for "nutrition education needs" in par. (2) and added subpar. (F) in par. (3).
Subsec. (i)(2)(A). Pub. L. 103–448, § 205(g), amended subpar. (A) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (A) read as follows: "There is authorized to be appropriated for grants to each State for the conduct of nutrition education and information programs—
"(i) $10,000,000 for the fiscal year 1990;
"(ii) $15,000,000 for the fiscal year 1991;
"(iii) $20,000,000 for the fiscal year 1992; and
"(iv) $25,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 1993 and 1994."
Subsec. (i)(3), (4). Pub. L. 103–448, § 205(h), added par. (3) and redesignated former par. (3) as (4).
Subsec. (j)(1). Pub. L. 103–448, § 205(a), substituted "education and training program" for "information and education program".
1989—Subsec. (d)(1)(B). Pub. L. 101–147, § 124(1)(A)(i), amended subpar. (B) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (B) read as follows: "the food service management training of school food service personnel, and".
Subsec. (d)(1)(C). Pub. L. 101–147, § 124(1)(A)(ii), substituted "schools, child care institutions, and institutions offering summer food service programs under section 13 of the National School Lunch Act" for "schools and child care institutions".
Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 101–147, §§ 124(1)(B), 327(1)(A), substituted "recommendations of State educational agencies, the Department of Health and Human Services, and other" for "recommendation of the National Advisory Council on Child Nutrition; State educational agencies; the Department of Health and Human Services; and other".
Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 101–147, §§ 124(1)(C), 327(1)(B), struck out "(12 Stat. 503, as amended; 7 U.S.C. 301–305, 307 and 308)" after "Act of July 2, 1862" and "(26 Stat. 417, as amended; 7 U.S.C. 321–326 and 328)" after "Act of August 30, 1890" and inserted ", in coordination with the activities authorized under section 21 of the National School Lunch Act".
Subsec. (d)(5). Pub. L. 101–147, § 327(1)(C), struck out "(12 Stat. 503, as amended; 7 U.S.C. 301–305, 307, and 308)" after "Act of July 2, 1862" and "(26 Stat. 417, as amended; 7 U.S.C. 321–326 and 328)" after "act of August 30, 1890".
Subsec. (h)(3). Pub. L. 101–147, § 327(2), in subpar. (E), struck out "(12 Stat. 503; 7 U.S.C. 301–305, 307, and 308)" after "Act of July 2, 1862" and "(26 Stat. 417, as amended; 7 U.S.C. 321–326 and 328)" after "act of August 30, 1890".
Pub. L. 101–147, § 214, inserted at end "Each plan developed as required by this section shall be updated on an annual basis."
Pub. L. 101–147, § 124(2), in subpar. (C), struck out "the National Advisory Council on Child Nutrition," after "recommendations of".
Subsec. (i)(2). Pub. L. 101–147, § 124(3), amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: "For the fiscal year ending September 30, 1980, and for each succeeding fiscal year ending on or before September 30, 1989, there is hereby authorized to be appropriated for grants to each State for the conduct of nutrition education and information programs, an amount equal to the higher of (A) 50 cents for each child enrolled in schools or in institutions within each State, or (B) $50,000 for each State. There is authorized to be appropriated for the grants referred to in the preceding sentence not more than $15,000,000 for fiscal year 1981, and not more than $5,000,000 for each subsequent fiscal year. Grants to each State from such appropriations shall be based on a rate of 50 cents for each child enrolled in schools or in institutions within such State, except that no State shall receive an amount less than $50,000 for that year. If funds appropriated for such year are insufficient to pay the amount to which each State is entitled under the second preceding sentence, the amount of such grant shall be ratably reduced to the extent necessary so that the total of such amounts paid does not exceed the amount of appropriated funds. If additional funds become available for making such payments, such amounts shall be increased on the same basis as they were reduced."
Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 101–147, § 124(4), added subsec. (j).
1986—Subsec. (d)(2), (3). Pub. L. 99–500and Pub. L. 99–591, § 372(b)(1), andPub. L. 99–661, § 4502(b)(1), amended pars. (2) and (3) identically, substituting "Health and Human Services" for "Health, Education, and Welfare" in one place in par. (2) and in two places in par. (3).
Subsecs. (i), (j). Pub. L. 99–500and Pub. L. 99–591, §§ 315, 362, 372(b)(2), 373(b), andPub. L. 99–661, §§ 4105, 4402, 4502 (b)(2), 4503 (b), amended section identically, redesignating subsec. (j) as (i), substituting "1989" for "1984" in one place and "$50,000" for "$75,000" in two places in par. (2), and substituting "Department of Education" for "Office of Education of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare" in par. (3).
1981—Subsec. (d)(6). Pub. L. 97–35, § 817(f), struck out par. (6) relating to State prohibition on administration of program in nonprofit private schools and institutions.
Subsec. (j)(2). Pub. L. 97–35, § 806, substituted provisions authorizing $15,000,000 for fiscal year 1981 and not more than $5,000,000 for each subsequent fiscal year for provisions authorizing $15,000,000 for the fiscal year beginning Oct. 1, 1980, and each subsequent fiscal year.
1980—Subsec. (j)(2). Pub. L. 96–499substituted "For the fiscal year ending September 30, 1980, and for each succeeding fiscal year ending on or before September 30, 1984" for "For the fiscal year beginning October 1, 1979" and "second preceding sentence" for "preceding sentence" and inserted provision authorizing appropriations for the fiscal year beginning October 1, 1980, and subsequent fiscal years, for the grants referred to in the preceding sentence, not more than $15,000,000.
Effective Date of 1998 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 105–336effective Oct. 1, 1998, see section 401 ofPub. L. 105–336, set out as a note under section 1755 of this title.
Effective Date of 1996 Amendment
Pub. L. 104–193, title VII, § 731(g),Aug. 22, 1996, 110 Stat. 2307, provided that: "The amendments made by subsection (e) [amending this section] shall become effective on October 1, 1996."
Effective Date of 1994 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 103–448effective Oct. 1, 1994, see section 401 ofPub. L. 103–448, set out as a note under section 1755 of this title.
Effective Date of 1981 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 97–35effective Oct. 1, 1981, see section 820(a)(4) ofPub. L. 97–35, set out as a note under section 1753 of this title.
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Geared belts on the other hand are fiberglass reinforced. They do not stretch, do not slip, do not break - and transfer 100% of the motor power to the brush roller. The high reliability of geared belt drive systems not only means better cleaning, but also more convenience. Remember back - that last time you needed your vacuum and the belt broke. Hard to find, hard to install and a big waste of time. In fact, if you own an EBK this may be the very last time you ever think about its belt. Geared belts are a great idea, no doubt. So cool in fact, you may ask "why don't all vacuums use a geared belt?" The answer is, complicated.
Driving a brush roller fast without the sloppy tolerance of a rubber belt is a complicated procedure. Take this scenario; the in-laws are coming over, last minute as usual. You grab your power nozzle and juice up the central vac then blaze through the living room. Shoving the power brush under the sofa you quickly hear a screech and see a puff of smoke as you pull the nozzle back out only to find the dish towel that Jake your 8 month old sheppard pup pulled off the kitchen counter. Lying next to the towel on the floor is a black rubber band and little black pieces that smudge like ink on your carpet.
Congratulations, you have just successfully tested what our industry calls "Brush Motor Protection". That's right, the flat rubber belt of vacuum cleaners are made to break if something other than dirt is pulled into the vacuums brush roller housing. While your brush motor is saved, you are now without a vacuum until you can get another belt; and the burnt belt pieces only leave more black stains on your carpet as you try to clean them up.
Geared belt systems also incorporate motor protection, but you need not break a belt to test it. Because of the direct connection from motor to brush the EBK needs a bit more protection than a burning rubber belt. Wessel-Werk devised a solid-state circuit to monitor the brush of the EBK thousands of times every minute. When you do pull an object into the brush nozzle that is too large to pass through the system an integrated load checking circuit picks up on the excessive current draw as the motor tries to overcome the resistance and quickly shuts down power to the brush before any damage can be done. This is followed by an alert to the user to let you know what is wrong. The quick fix - just unplug the unit, dislodge the offending object, plug the nozzle back into its power source, tap the reset button and start cleaning. No service call, no burnt belt pieces on your rug, and with such a system you may never know the frustration of trying to franticly clean your carpet with the broom from your kitchen.
The brush monitor circuit of the EBK, just as other components in this nozzle is also a durable device. Using solid state switching controls and manual reset circuit reset the control board has no moving parts and no power reducing components that generate high heat. Save a direct lighting strike, the EBK will run quietly and smoothly for years with little or no maintenance.
The EBK's cleaning efficiency is due in large part to the brush rollers design. The roller is a solid core poly base with steel axels and brass inserts. The brush rolls bristles are made of a blended nylon and arranged in a double row twist centered chevron configuration.
The chevron configuration guides Debris Towards Intake Orifice and provides Constant and Even Brush Contact to the Floor, Reducing Wear and Prolonging Life of the Belt, Bearings and Motor.
This special configuration ensures there are always two sets of bristles touching the floor at all times driving the dirt and debris to the center where it is lifted into the funnel shaped intake. The extra large intake orifice assures better airflow and lessens the chance of clogging from large debris. The solid core roller is balanced after the bristles are embedded providing smooth rotation with ultra low vibration. The solid core roller is not susceptible to being knocked out of round or out of balance like other brush rollers, even those that are made of metal. The EBK's geared belt is side mounted to the brush roller and enclosed in it's own path to prevent damage from dirt and debris. The side-mounted belt also ensures a larger uninterrupted opening for the cleaning path of the brush roller.
The geared belt that powers the EBK's brush is driven by a quality purpose built brush motor. The EBK's 1.75 amp brush motor features an all-metal lower plate with double ball bearing construction. The motors top unit is seated into a rubber boot that slides into a locked position in the nozzles base to further reduce vibration and noise. Motor cooling is also unique in the EBK's design with a primary method and backup system.
The primary method of cooling is to use the vacuum connected to the EBK340. Just inside the brush rollers cavity is a small vented opening that is open to the vacuums suction. When the vacuum (or central vacuum) is running a small amount of cool air from the environment is pulled under the nozzles cover, over the brush motor where it removes the heat and is moved into the brush cavity and onto the vacuum. This cooling method is best for the motor because cool, clean air is used to exhaust heated air from the motor.
When the vacuum is not running, but the brush roller is (though this would not be normal operation) the motor has it's own fan to cool the field and armature. Dirty air is prevented from being pulled into the motor through the brush cavity opening by a one-way filter and hot air is exhausted through normal convection under the nozzles hood.
The EBK's housing is composed of three components. The vacuums lower base is made from a single piece of high impact ABS. A master craft work of injection molding, the base features differing finishes from smooth in the airflow passage to ridged texture on the underside. With precision molded channels to seal in the dirt and route wiring, differing gauges of thickness for everything from latching pins to support plates the entire base housing is one continuous component. With no seams and no screws required to keep the base together, the entire system is solid and durable.
After internal components including the motor, electronics and brush roller are installed a sealing hood fits into the nozzle. The sealing hood creates the special air cavity for the brush roller, seals the dirt path and secures the components into the base. On top of the sealing hood fits the finish cover that provides protection to the power brush system and gives the EBK it's sleek good looks. The beautifully textured nozzle cover will not show most scratches and also adds further to noise reduction. The textured flat nozzle hood helps the power brush to keep its short stature, just 3.5" at its tallest point. With the low profile the EBK will have no problem going under wherever you need cleaned.
One last feature unheard of in power brushes that caught our attention in the Wessel-Werk EBK were the balancing plates installed opposite the power brush motor. Knowing that the nozzle had sufficient weight for cleaning, we were curious about the small plates and placed a call to Wessel-Werk. The answer was simple, when you look at it from the mind of a German engineer; the plates serve to balance the nozzle for use and transport. "We take extra steps to precision balance both the motor and brush roller, we thought no different of the complete nozzle assembly." stated the Wessel-Werk representive. Though the plates serve no purpose in respect to actual cleaning ability, "We want to make sure that the owner of our tools is satisfied in every aspect of its use, from beginning to end."
The pursuit of perfection is a demanding task not considered trivial by Wessel-Werk. A trait that was evident not only in the design and manufacture of their products but goes to the very heart of the company's zero defect production goal, or as they say at Wessel-Werk; "We don't check quality, we produce quality."

subset: commoncrawl


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And Pittsburgh - a dynamic corporate, education and sustainability hub - is the ideal place to spend a year earning a world-class MBA.


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Perhaps you're saving a child from a burning building, or perhaps you're breaking into the stronghold of an enemy spy—but one way or another, you have to break down a door. Weblog The Art of Manliness shows us how to do it effectively and safely.
You've probably seen people do it in the movies, but Art of Manliness notes that there are a few things you'll want to make sure of before you go kicking down every door in your path:
Check to see which way the door opens by checking the hinges. If the door opens towards you, kicking it down is going to be next to impossible. Kicking a door down is best employed on a door that swings away from you.
Kick to the side of where the lock is mounted (near the keyhole). This is typically the weakest part of the door.
The above illustration explains most of the things you need to know, but for a more detailed description of the process, hit the link below.
How To Break Down A Door: An Illustrated Guide
This post is part of Spy Week, a series at Lifehacker where we look at ways to improvise solutions to every day problems Bond-style. Want more? Check out our spy week tag page.


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Staff At Bristol Zoo Conduct Their Annual Stocktake Of The Animals
Keeper Sarah Hall helps count some of the meerkats as part of the... News PhotoAnimal,Annual Event,Assistance,Bristol - England,Bristol Zoo,England,Human Interest,Meerkat,UK,Vertical,Zoo KeeperPhotographer Matt CardyCollection: Getty Images News 2013 Getty ImagesBRISTOL, ENGLAND - JANUARY 02: Keeper Sarah Hall helps count some of the meerkats as part of the annual stock take at Bristol Zoo on January 2, 2013 in Bristol, England. The annual animal 'census' is carried out at the start of each year and includes stocktaking more than 400 species; from tiny insects, fish and birds, to seals, gorillas and monkeys. (Photo by Matt Cardy/Getty Images)


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An all-Volvo fleet moves up to 17,000 tons of rock per shift.
If you like heavy equipment and lots of it, the Lac Des Iles palladium mine, located northwest of Thunder Bay in northern Ontario, is the place for you. The Lac Des Iles deposit contains one of the largest mineable palladium resources in the world. The mine has been in operation since 1993; underground mining began in 2006 to access higher grade material. Palladium is used in catalytic converters, cell phones and computer components.
The open pit mining at Lac Des Iles was concluded in June 2013 and the primary mining in the future will be from underground. The milling process produces tailings which are pumped to a series of tailings management facilities, or ponds. The pond measures about 4 kilometers in circumference and is contained by a 15-meter-high dam composed of waste rock.
"We need to build the dam from the waste rock in order to store and to separate the water and the tailings that are extracted in the milling process," says Kevin Fucile, General Manager of LTL Contracting Ltd, Thunder Bay. LTL has contracted with North American Palladium, the mine owners, to build the dam and manage the waste rock.
A 22-piece fleet of equipment – all manufactured by Volvo Construction Equipment – is loading and hauling 1-meter-minus rock to the dam and to a stockpile of rejected rock that is more than 1meter in size. "The construction process is very dependent on the Volvo equipment," Kevin says.
"We have found that we can trust the Volvo products," Kevin continues. "The dealerships are good to work with and the equipment is reliable. And for comfort, most of the operators agree that the Volvo equipment is very easy on them at the end of a long shift."
Scott MacLeod, president of LTL Contracting, says the strength and stability of Strongco, the Thunder Bay Volvo dealer, is the number one reason he buys Volvo equipment. "Strongco has a strong presence in Thunder Bay and a good presence, and the second part of that is the product. Volvo has good products."
The waste rock is breccia, a very hard, abrasive material that resembles granite. To minimize wear and tear on the Volvo articulated dump trucks, LTL does not load the trucks to maximum capacity. "We limit loads in the Volvo A40F rock trucks to 21 cubic meters and loads in the A30D rock trucks to 16 cubic meters," Kevin says. "So we don't maximize the number of cubic meters the trucks can handle, due to the waste rock being very sharp. We try to reduce the amount of maintenance and wear and tear on the tires of the trucks, which cost about $17,000 apiece.
Currently LTL is working 12-hour shifts, seven days a week. The trucks will run until the waste management facility is completed. LTL typically hauls 14,000 to 17,000 tons of material per shift. Production depends on haul distances and whether the rock is going to the tailings management facility or to the rejected stockpile.
LTL's fleet at the mine consists of 11 Volvo articulated dump trucks – six A40F units, two A40D trucks, and three A30D trucks. At the 1-meter overburden pit, the largest excavator made by Volvo, an EC700C, is loading waste rock into articulated trucks. All the rock has been drilled and blasted. The EC700C, with a 6.6 cubic meter bucket, is working on the northwest front face to cut a bench from the top down. "He'll sit up on top and work his way down," Kevin says.
At a large quarry area with waste rock stacked around the perimeter, a Volvo L350F wheel loader and a Volvo L220E wheel loader are working the face, loading four to five articulated trucks. Those trucks haul the material to the dam. It's an impressive sight to see – the two wheel loaders cycle back and forth to the big trucks, often loading two at a time.
"That L350 is a beautiful loader," says Jason Delaqua, equipment manager for LTL Contracting. "The operator loads a truck with three passes. The power of that machine is phenomenal."
There's a break in the action, and operator Mike Halstead steps out of the L350F wheel loader. "I like it a lot," he says. "It's very smooth, and has great power, once you learn how to run it. With a Volvo loader, you don't just charge the pile at top speed. If you do that, you'll spin the tires. You go in at low rpms, and lift, tilt, lift, tilt. I can load a 40-ton truck in three passes."
LTL's Volvo dealer representative, Gary LaFreniere of Strongco, explains that a Volvo loader is designed to produce maximum torque at low engine speeds. And the powertrain is designed to match that feature. "So once Mike learned to ease into the pile at low rpms and feel his way in – lift, tilt, lift, tilt – he became a much better operator," says Gary. "More rpms does not always equal faster loading."
Adds Kevin: "The Volvo loaders are very dependable. They're strong, and they have quick cycle times. And they're very comfortable. Fuel efficiency is very good for the size of the excavators and loaders that we run."
Jason says he and other LTL managers are being trained on CareTrack, Volvo's telematics system for reading out machine operating information at remote locations away from the machine. "That CareTrack system is great," Jason says. "It actually sends me alarms on my cell phone if something is wrong. It's got low fluid level sensors, overheating sensors, and it tells you idling times, running times, and a whole lot more. We need some time just to digest all that information."
At the tailings dam site, the articulated trucks are dumping waste rock. Each year the mine comes out with an additional dam raise. LTL is now working about a 4-meter vertical lift. That will be a 16-meter-wide top, a roadway, when the raise is finished. On the downstream side, the dam needs a fill of about 50 meters wide. So just to get the width of the dam at the top, LTL adds more material at the bottom to widen the dam and give it a solid foundation.
"Once we have achieved that grade, then we place cushion material on the upstream side of the dam," Kevin says. (Cushion material is rock crushed to 63-mils minus.)
At the dam site, a Volvo EC380D excavator is working at the toe of the dam, to excavate to bedrock. The EC380D casts dirt and excess waste rock away from the toe of the rock slope, to clear the way for more suitable material that slides down as the trucks dump it.
"We prefer the Volvo excavators because we have found that their fuel economy is excellent, and so is the strength of their hydraulic systems," says Kevin. "And for comfort for the operators, and for efficiency, we prefer the Volvo products."
As the EC380D excavator works, Jason explains that the bucket has been hard-faced with T-400 steel on the underside, to better resist wear from the abrasive rock. Meanwhile a Volvo EC480D also works to excavate dirt from the toe of the downstream dam slope.
Wear and tear caused by the abrasive rock is a primary challenge faced by LTL Contracting. "The biggest thing is that it is rock," Scott says. "We're not moving gravel. We're moving anywhere from 7,000 to 12,000 cubic meters of material a day. So when you start putting that in and out of truck boxes and loader buckets, you get a lot of wear, just because of the sheer volume and hardness. We line the boxes and hard-face the buckets. And we check tire pressures weekly."
Moving down the dam about 200 feet, a Volvo A30D dumps a load of waste rock over the edge of the dam raise. "We like the Volvo articulated trucks because of their power, speed, and comfort," says Kevin. "The operators have zero fatigue at the end of a 12-hour day."
Kevin is impressed with the low maintenance requirements of Volvo equipment. "On a 24-hour cycle, which we have run, or even the 12-hour cycle that we're running in now, the maintenance is nearly zero," he says. "We currently do 250-hour services on all the Volvo products even though they give you a 500-hour cycle."
The main management challenge at the mine is to organize haul routes and schedule the rock hauling for maximum productivity, Kevin says. And safety is a very big aspect of mine life.
For example, the mine posts speed limits of the articulated trucks at 40 kilometers per hour on haul roads, and 20 km/hour near buildings. "Currently, our cycle time with the Volvo A40F haulers is approximately 12 minutes," says Kevin. "That's loaded, dumped, run to the tailings management facility, and returned. The approximate speed that we're running is an average of 35 kilometers per hour. The Volvo haulers will run about 60 kilometers per hour, and that is a very comfortable speed, but the mine has restricted speeds to 40."


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- Northern New York Newspapers
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DEXTER — Cole Johnson and Michael Roukous, much like their General Brown teammates, aren't overly vocal on the field.
Yet while coach Tom Frears hopes the Lions can create more chatter while in the heat of the action, he's pleased with the success his team has generated as a group thus far this season.
"Very much so, it's a very quiet team," Frears said. "I think they're focused and hard working — but there's not a lot of 'rah-rah' guys. If we had a little more talk, that would probably help us even more."
Led by Johnson and Roukous offensively as well as a core of seniors, General Brown has quietly forged one of the most productive campaigns in the history of the program.
The Lions, who stand at 8-5, including 7-3 in Frontier League play, are on course for setting school records for victories, both overall as well as in the highly-competitive league.
"We're very focused," said Johnson, a sophomore attackman. "He (Frears) tells us to talk more all the time, but a lot of us don't vocalize a lot of things to each other. We all have quiet personalities, but we have good chemistry as a team."
General Brown, which has already clinched its fifth consecutive "B" Division championship, has gone 5-3 against "A" Division foes, with two of those losses to division leader Carthage, which is ranked 14th in the state in Class B, and a one-goal loss in overtime to reigning division winner Watertown.
"It's a great confidence builder when we do this well in the league," Roukous said. "It really shows how we've gelled as a team and how hard we've worked together as a group. We have a great core group of kids ... we've created great chemistry on this team, so it's not a surprise how well we've been doing this season."
Yet while Frears stresses the "team concept" as the heart of the Lions' success, both Johnson and Cole are among the Frontier League leaders statistically as they've combined for 113 points, including 64 goals and 49 assists.
"Mike and I get along really well," Johnson said. "We clicked really fast and we can always find each other, we know where each other is all the time."
Frears says the team's top two forwards have "similar styles" and both provide the Lions with plenty of balance.
Through Tuesday's play, Johnson stood third in the league in scoring with 62 points and second in goals with 40. Roukous was fifth in the circuit in points (51) and was tied for second in assists (27).
"They're the beneficiaries of a lot of hard work by our defense and our middies," Frears said. " ... The big thing about us is we're balanced. If you shut off Michael and Cole, we've got some very capable middies that can score as well."
Again, the scoring duo like their teammates have generated success this season by exuding "quiet confidence."
"I thought with this senior class and with the fact that most of these kids have played together for a while, I thought we had the potential to be very good," Frears said. "Our unselfishness and team attitude has really contributed to the success that we've had."
"We keep it pretty spread offensively," Johnson said. "Our middies get the job done up top, dodging and finding the open guy. I think a lot of it is our team is very unselfish as a whole. We're always looking for the extra pass and we have confidence in anyone out there."
Roukous, Smith and General Brown's contingent of seven seniors have played lacrosse together since they were in elementary school.
"We didn't lose many seniors last year, and these guys have put in a lot of time and hard work this season," Frears said. "A lot of these guys spent a lot of time playing together in the offseason in tournaments and on their own. There were a number of people who didn't play a winter sport, who just kept going with lacrosse and that prepared us well for the season."
Also for the Lions, Jake Purvis, Colton Erb and Tre Frank lead the midfield, with Brett Frears and Rob Pickeral anchoring the defense, and senior Parker Smith in goal.
"It's just not the forwards, we have great production from our middies," Roukous said. "And our success really starts with our goalie Parker Smith, he really leads the defense. We just work well around him and we have a solid defense."
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8 Groundbreaking Mobile Tech Advancements for 2012
Platform: iPad
An ingenious Web browser for iPad, iSwifter ($4.99) takes sites with rich Flash content, including many social media sites like Facebook, and turns them into an animation that can play on the Flash-less iPad. Billed mostly for playing games, the browser works for any Web site. The controls for viewing full-screen and refreshing, the back button, and bookmarks all mimic what you'll find in the Safari browser that comes with the iPad. Alas, the iSwifter browser uses a proxy server to convert content, so it doesn't work with Hulu.
Platform: iPhone
I have a relative from Austria, and this app proved especially useful for two common tasks. One, if we both use the app, I can type in English and he can read what I say in German. The translation is pretty accurate, and works in just about every major language. Two, I can also type a phrase in English, then click an option to have the app read what I typed in a different language. It's not quite the Babel Fish (you can't speak into your phone and have the translation occur in real time), but it's about as close to that as you can get for $1.99.
10 Last-Minute Gifts for the Geek in Your Life


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Owner and brewmaster Christian Ettinger says BikeBar strives to serve up pints and plates in a "carbon neutral" atmosphere. (The bar is on the ground floor of EcoFlats, a project that aspires to be the first apartment building in the nation to use no more energy than it produces.) The bar is outfitted with recycled wood (saved from the construction of Hopworks' brewery on Southeast Powell Boulevard) on the walls, insulated floors, LED lights in the ceiling, and solar panels on the roof. The fryers use energy-efficient infrared lamps. Even the restrooms are eco-friendly: A water-saving toilet-sink combination fills the tank with used water from the sink located on top of the toilet tank.
Inspired by the bar's location on North Williams Avenue—a street so heavily used by two-wheeled commuters that he refers to it as "the bike highway"—Ettinger has worked bicycles into every corner of BikeBar. The space, which seats 100, has parking space for 65 bikes behind the building. A "gallery" of frames, made by the best of Portland's many frame builders, overhangs the bar. The front patio features a "bike plank"—a drink rail facing the street, so as to give drinkers the best possible view of passing bicycle traffic. The bar will even offer a beer-and-sandwich deal, dubbed "Hopworks on the go," for riders in a hurry—the beer comes in a 22-ounce bottle, and the sandwich is designed to fit perfectly in a water-bottle cage. "The location is perfect for encouraging people to use alternative forms of transportation," Ettinger says. Sure—Portlanders will do anything for a beer.
GO: BikeBar opens in mid-June at 3947 N Williams Ave. See hopworksbeer.com.
With only two fewer parking spaces than BikeBar, Apex (1216 SE Division St.) extends a similar embrace to cyclists. Whether you ride a fixie or freewheel, Apex has U-locks to borrow (for free!), a tire-truing station at the bar, and a place to hang your helmet. A patio facing the racks offers the chance to exhibit your ride while lusting over others. If you're done sizing up the bikes outside, there's usually bicycle racing on the flat-screen inside.
Spirit of 77
As if free Pop-A-Shot weren't enough, Portland's hippest sports bar (500 NE Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd.) makes up for the egregious shortage of bike racks around the Convention Center with indoor space for 15 bikes.
The German pub (4239 N Mississippi Ave.) has a covered, off-street bike corral with eight staple racks.
Radio Room
The sleekest bar in the Alberta neighborhood (1101 NE Alberta St.) also has eight off-street staple racks, although they aren't covered.
A 14-seat bike with a central bar is expected to hit the streets in early June. If you're hoping to throw back a beer while pedaling, you should visit Minneapolis or Chicago, where PedalPubs are permitted to tap a keg, ensuring you're good and intoxicated before arriving at the bar. If you don't mind pulling over for a swig, the Pedalounge (pedalounge.com) will be renting out bikes soon.


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Slow Food USA Blog
Reflections, insights and news about the food movement and "going Slow"
The Slow Meat Guide to the Grocery Store
Jan. 29, 2015
Let the Humaneitarian shepherd you through the world of humane hot dogs and better Buffalo Wings.
Know Your GMOs: The "Monsanto Rider"
Apr. 20, 2013
While Section 733, called the "Monsanto Rider" by some, did not make it into the Ag Appropriations Bill, similar provisions were included in the 2012 Food and Farm Bill, which was not debated nor adopted by the House of Representatives.
What's in your food?
Jan. 25, 2012
My favorite veggie burgers have a "no genetically modified ingredients" label, where is this label on the rest of my food? Tell the FDA to 'Just Label It'
Organic Farmers v Monsanto
Jun. 10, 2011
Earlier this year 60 farmers and farming advocates told Monsanto enough is enough. Here's the story of the lawsuit, and how one farmer got involved.
Recent GE approvals face wide-ranging criticisms
Mar. 17, 2011
Earlier this year the USDA stunned the food and farming community by unexpectedly approving three new genetically engineered (GE) foods. Here's a recap of some of the main concerns around these additions to our food system.


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Lean on Pete (P.S.)by Willy Vlautin
2011 Oregon Book Award for Fiction
2011 Oregon Book Award - Readers' Choice
Staff Pick
From Willy Vlautin, one of the most natural storytellers ever to come out of the Northwest, comes a heartbreaking adventure starring 15-year-old Charley Thompson. It's like Tom Sawyer, but with more drunks, death, and weird strangers. Another engrossing triumph from this underappreciated author.
"Vlautin won me over. He's so much more than cool. I don't care if he hangs out at the racetrack. I care about whether he delivers. And in Lean on Pete, he most certainly does. His prose is strong, his storytelling is honest, and he sticks to it scene by scene. By the time Lean on Pete reaches its sweet but unsentimental end, Charley Thompson isn't a character in a novel, but a boy readers have come to love." Cheryl Strayed, The Oregonian (Read the entire Oregonian review)
Synopses & Reviews
Publisher Comments:
Fifteen-year-old Charley Thompson wants a home, food on the table, and a high school he can attend for more than part of a year. But as the son of a single father working in warehouses across the Pacific Northwest, Charley's been pretty much on his own. When tragic events leave him homeless weeks after their move to Portland, Oregon, Charley seeks refuge in the tack room of a run-down horse track. Charley's only comforts are his friendship with a failing racehorse named Lean on Pete and a photograph of his only known relative. In an increasingly desperate circumstance, Charley will head east, hoping to find his aunt who had once lived a thousand miles away in Wyoming — but the journey to find her will be a perilous one.
In Vlautin's third novel, Lean on Pete, he reveals the lives and choices of American youth like Charley Thompson who were failed by those meant to protect them and who were never allowed the chance to just be a kid.
"A blend of road novel and not-quite hard luck story, the latest from Vlautin (The Motel Life) begins when 15-year-old Charley Thompson and his father move from Spokane, Wash. to Portland, Ore., to give starting over yet another try. When Charley's dad takes up with a married secretary and stops coming home, Charley takes a job with Del Montgomery, a crank based out of the nearby racetrack who, among other things, shoots up a horse with vodka. After Charley's father dies from wounds suffered during a fight with his lover's husband, Charley, whom Vlautin has conveniently given the pastime of running, runs away with Pete, a horse and his only friend. This is where the narrative sours; Charley's trek across the West, occasionally on horseback, is dominated by an unbelievable stretch of luck: men appear to dispense food and money, miraculously uninhabited trailers contain washers and dryers, and his hitchhiking is eerie, but not dangerous. Still, Vlautin's characters, despite their unrealistic arcs, shine with his sparse style. It might be difficult to believe Charley's bottomless cache of silver linings, but it's remarkably easy to root for the kid." Publishers Weekly (Copyright Reed Business Information, Inc.)
"Vlautin has created a convincing tragic hero, a dreamer and a survivor. Charley says more than Holden Caulfield ever did. This is a rare book because of its raw truth, its candor. It is a telling odyssey that stabs you in the heart and makes you consider every casual crime of neglect or cruelty ever committed against a child or animal....As one boy's journey, Lean on Pete is as real as blood: as a novel it is remarkable. Willy Vlautin, romantic and realist, has written something special that will make you shudder, weep, rage and wonder at how such things happen and do, and how some individuals such as Charley can suffer them, absorb the grief, and somehow survive. How good is contemporary US fiction? This good: catch your breath good." Irish Times, Eileen Battersby
"Vlautin transforms what might have been a weepy, unbelievable TV-movie of a novel into a tough-and-tender account of a boy, a big-hearted horse, and a mostly unforgiving world....Unforgettable." Booklist (Starred Review)
"Spare and straightforward....There is intensity in Vlautin's narration, and also beauty and power....But Vlautin's major accomplishment lies in posing a damning question: How could we, as a society, have allowed this to happen?" Seattle Times
"For anyone with a sentimental attachment to beasts of an equine nature, a river of tears awaits." The List, UK
"The comparisons with Steinbeck and Carver are richly deserved, yet Vlautin is a truly original voice...powerful, heartbreaking stuff. Just three novels in and Vlautin is already one of the best writers in America." Mark Billingham
"Reading Willy Vlautin is like jumping into a clear, cold lake in the middle of summer. His prose is beautifully spare and clean, but underneath the surface lies an incredible depth, with all kinds of hidden stories and emotions resting in the shadows." Hannah Tinti
"Willy Vlautin's novels are clean as a bone, companionable, and profound. He is a master at paring loneliness and longing from his characters, issuing them through downturns, trials and transience without starving their humanity, and always sustaining them, and the reader, with ordinary hope." Sarah Hall
"Lean on Pete reminds me of the best parts of Gus Van Sant's beautiful film My Own Private Idaho. Willy's voice is pure and his stories universal. He never loses hope or heart and I believe every word he's written." Barry Gifford
"Among my favourite novels of the year have been Willy Vlautin's Lean on Pete which is possibly his bleakest yet." New Statesman, Books of the Year
"Spare and unadorned, but nevertheless poetic...full of boundless compassion for the dispossessed and rootless." Uncut Magazine (Starred Review)
"Lean on Pete confirms his status as one of the most emotionally charged writers in America....Vlautin's characters, memorable however curtailed their cameos might be, become a sketchbook of America....The band has to be a hobby now. Vlautin is a writer." Sunday Herald, UK
"Arguably his best so far....If you like melancholy Americana Vlautin's writing is for you." Bookseller (London), Bookseller's Choice
"An archetypal American novel, Huck Finn for the crystal-meth generation...a sad, often brutal, but oddly beautiful portrait of an America that's forgotten only because we choose not to remember its continuing existence." Independent Extra
"[Vlautin] unearths a world Steinbeck would have recognised...where the American underclass still resides. Lean On Pete is an archetypal American novel, Huck Finn for the crystal-meth generation."
—Independent Extra
Author Willy Vlautin—"a major realist talent"(Seattle Post Intelligencer) who is often compared to Raymond Carver, John Steinbeck, and Denis Johnson—returns with Lean on Pete, the story of a 15-year old boy struggling to make his way to a long lost aunt, who just might give him a home. In the words of author Mark Billingham, "Vlautin is a truly original voice.… [and] one of the best writers in America," and "Lean on Pete is powerful, heartbreaking stuff."
About the Author
Willy Vlautin is the author of The Motel Life and Northline, and the singer and songwriter of the band Richmond Fontaine.
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In an effort to create an ultimate Nanny state, the California Assembly has recently passed legislation that legislates the proper treatment of babysitters, as per the Assembly's standards. The new legislation requires that babysitters receive rest and meal breaks. Additionally, parents who hire babysitters would be required to provide workers' compensation benefits.
Written by Assemblyman Tom Ammiano (D-San Francisco, photo) Assembly Bill 889 makes these requirements and more. The bill applies to all "domestic employees," to include housekeepers, nannies, caregivers, and babysitters.
The Union.com reports:
Under AB 889, household "employers" (aka "parents") who hire a babysitter on a Friday night will be legally obligated to pay at least minimum wage to any sitter over the age of 18 (unless it is a family member), provide a substitute caregiver every two hours to cover rest and meal breaks, in addition to workers' compensation coverage, overtime pay, and a meticulously calculated timecard/paycheck.
Click here to read the entire article.


text:
Temporarily Out Of Stock
Item # PLZ1135
Don't get too bummed. This item is on the way and will be available for purchase as soon as it rolls into the warehouse.
Can't wait? Consider one of the other Men's Tights & Bib Tights we have in stock.
Pearl Izumi Elite AmFib Bib Tight - Men's $0.00
We live in a new golden age of cycling, and this isn't because there's a new Jacques Anquetil or Eddy Merckx on the cover of every magazine, but because technology is making it easier and easier for the masses to get out at anytime throughout the winter. Case in point is the Pearl Izumi AmFib Bib Tight. While still retaining the fit and feeling of a race-day bib tight, the AmFib wicks, warms, and breathes at temperatures well below freezing. There's no longer any reason to roast chestnuts by the fire instead of ride. Get out there.
Pearl Izumi's AmFib Cycling Tight is made from a blend of Pearl's Elite Softshell and Elite Thermal Fleece fabrics. These fabrics were
selected in order to ensure a hand-in-hand system of consistent warming
insulation, effective moisture transfer, and protection from wind and
water. The Thermal Fleece fabric picks up the slack in regards to
thermo-regulation and wicking, whereas the Softshell material has been
interspersed in key exposure areas to eliminate element intrusion. The
two fabrics coordinate effectively, so much so that Pearl Izumi gives
the AmFib tight a thumbs up for weather conditions as low as 15 degrees.
In case you're concerned of the tight getting too balmy at the
upper end of its 40-degree recommended usage, you can ventilate from an opening at the top of the waist—although its main intention is for easy nature breaks.
Knowing that sub-freezing riding is hard enough, Pearl Izumi wants you to have a comfortable and precise fit. To ensure this, they designed the cut to allow full articulation during cycling. The lower leg also follows a contoured shape that leads to an integrated stirrup and a gasket that allows the tight to be worn over a shoe. Not only does this streamline and secure the fit, the design retains an uninterrupted insulation layer. Additionally, the AmFib uses a breathable, but warming, mesh upper and bib straps. Pearl also added 360 degree reflective accents for safer night riding.
The Pearl Izumi AmFib Bib Tight is available in sizes from Small to XX-Large, and in the color Black/black. Please note that this tight does not include a chamois.
Tech Specs
View more Men's Tights & Bib Tights
Size chart
Pearl Izumi
|Regular Fit
|35 - 37.5in
(88.9 - 95.3cm)
|37.5 - 40.5in
(95.3 - 102.9cm)
|40.5 - 43.5in
(102.9 - 110.5cm)
|43.5 - 46.5in
(110.5 - 118.1cm)
|46.5 - 49in
(118.1 - 124.5cm)
|29 - 31.5in
(73.7 - 80cm)
|31.5 - 34.5in
(80 - 87.6cm)
|34.5 - 37.5in
(87.6 - 95.3cm)
|37.5 - 41.5in
(95.3 - 105.4cm)
|41.5 - 45in
(105.4 - 114.3cm)
|35 - 37.5in
(88.9 - 95.3cm)
|37.5 - 40.5in
(95.3 - 102.9cm)
|40.5 - 43.5in
(102.9 - 110.5cm)
|43.5 - 46.5in
(110.5 - 118.1cm)
|46.5 - 49in
(118.1 - 124.5cm)
|European Race Fit
| 36.5 - 38in
(92.7 - 96.5cm)
| 38 - 39.5in
(96.5 - 100.3cm)
| 39.5 - 41in
(100.3 - 104.1cm)
| 41 - 42.5in
(104.1 - 108.0cm)
| 42.5 - 44in
(108.0 - 111.8cm)
| 30.5 - 32in
(77.5 - 81.3cm)
| 32 - 33.5in
(81.3 - 85.1cm)
| 33.5 - 35in
(85.1 - 88.9cm)
| 35 - 36.5in
(88.9 - 92.7cm)
| 36.5 - 38in
(92.7 - 96.5cm)
| 36.5 - 38in
(92.7 - 96.5cm)
| 38 - 39.5in
(96.5 - 100.3cm)
| 39.5 - 41in
(100.3 - 104.1cm)
| 41 - 42.5in
(104.1 - 108.0cm)
| 42.5 - 44in
(108.0 - 111.8cm)
| 31.5in
| 32in
| 32.5in
| 33in
| 33.5in
- How to Measure:
- For best results, take measurements over your underwear.
- Chest:
- Measure under your arms, around the fullest part of your chest.
- Natural Waist:
- Measure around your natural waistline, keeping the tape a bit loose.
- Hip:
- Measure around the fullest part of your body at the top of your legs.
- Inseam:
- Using pants that fit well, measure the crotch seam to the bottom of the leg.
Community & Reviews
What do you think of the
Pearl Izumi Elite AmFib Bib Tight - Men's
? Share a...
Brian W.
I tend to always buy Pearl Izumi clothing but was disappointed when they did not come with a Chamois
The manufacturer's description clearly states there's no chamois. Not a fair rating.
Ralph C.
are the old style Amfibs still available,...
are the old style Amfibs still available, with leg zipper? and without the gaiter design. Not sure this will work with my winter boots? I've had 2 pairs of the older style and love them!
Andrew T
Pearl Izumi does make these same bib tights in a version with an 8" zipper at the cuff of each leg, but unfortunately that is not something we typically carry. Due to the variety of brands that we carry, we tend to carry some of our favorites and the most popular items from each collection. For a bib tight of similar temparature range, the Gore Bike Wear ALP-X is another one to check out, although it doesn't have the zippers. The Castelli Sorpasso Bib tights are great, but restricted to the 30-40 degree range for most riders.
Nice fitting warm bib tights
- Gender: Male
- Familiarity: I've used it once or twice and have initial impressions
I am 5'6", 150lbs and I ordered the MD size. The fit was good, wasn't super tight and wasn't loose either, just perfect. In winter, my fingers and legs usually get cold really fast, no matter how hard I pedal. I tested these tights in 28-32F weather and they kept me warm. I wouldn't say I was toasty, since the back panels of the bib tights have minimal insulation for extra breath ability. If you are looking for an inexpensive pair of bib tights to keep you warm between 20-40F weather, then you won't go wrong with these.
1. The fleece lining ensures that they keep your legs warm.
2. The wind breaker softshell fabric is all over the front, which helps on windy days.
3. The wind breaker softshell also resists water.
4. Foot stirrups keep the tights in position without letting them run up.
1. Heavy - due to the heavy fleece and softshell fabric, they are heavier than most other tights.
2. The fabric has rubbery feel to it, almost like a light weight wet-suit.
3. No ankle zippers - makes it hard to put them on.
Well done Pearl
- Gender: Male
- Familiarity: I've used it several times
- Fit: Runs large
If the goal is to ride in WET: winter wind and drizzle, these are the thing I'd say. For dry cold and temps below freezing I'd do something else. This is basically a half-millimeter wet-suit carefully tailored into cycling bibs. So, they have a very compressive fit and good wind resistance. (Wear them tight as with a wet-suit. I'm 5, 11.5; 182 lb and a MED is perfect.) You'll be wet but less miserable for the same reason a wet-suit works in cold water. This 2013 model of Amfib improves over the older one due to the stirrup and integrated gasket: Stirrup goes inside your shoe and the gasket goes OVER your shoe cover like a gaiter thus directing the water outside your shoe. The back is a cool spot as another reviewer indicated; noticeable in a deluge but NBD to me personally. Pearl runs larger than the euro stuff. I was surprised to take a MED as I have other Pearl bib shorts in a large.
Warm Front Legs Cold Hind Legs
The windproof panels on the front of the bibs do a very good job at insulating and protecting your legs from the elements BUT there is a light fleecy NON-windproof material on the back and therefore cold butt and cold rear quads. From 30 degrees and below you ll probably need base layer tights.
david flaherty
are these the elite version. do they have...
are these the elite version. do they have a 8 inch lower leg zipper?
Jason G.
No zipper.


text:
Apr 19, 2013
Colombia's Banco GNB Sudameris is starting investor meetings today, according to people familiar with the transaction. The bank is planning senior unsecured notes,...
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Oct 21 - 22, 2015 | Grand Hyatt, Playa del Carmen, México
SFLA will convene in Playa del Carmen, Mexico the most important issuers and investors from across...
Mar 10 - 11, 2016 | Panama City, Panama
The Forum will convene key players to examine the trends and opportunities to be found in the...
Will a strong dollar deter investors from LatAm bonds?
No, the yield-hunt goes on
Yes, but only retail investors
Yes, once the Fed raises rates
There was indeed a risk of losing investment grade, but thanks to the appointment of Joaquim Levy and the new fiscal targets, that risk has declined a lot
Ilan Goldfajn, Itaú-Unibanco
All material is subject to strictly enforced copyright terms & conditions and cannot be repurposed or reproduced. © 2015 Latin American Financial Publications Inc.


text:
|Print Page
Altamont running back Kyle Foy (2) tries to keep the pile of Carbon High defenders moving during the second half of Altamont's 14-6 win on Friday night.
Zac Hathaway (88) celebrates with Jordan Blanc (7) after Hathaway intercepted an Altamont pass during the first half.
In another down-to-the-wire game, which has become a recurring theme this season, the Carbon High Dinos fell to the Altamont Longhorns 14-6 on Homecoming night.
Altamont, a class 1A team, used a rushing attack that included two touchdowns from senior Kyle Foy which focused on gaining positive amounts of yards on each play. As the game went along, the Longhorns continued to move the ball down the field while controlling the clock and keeping the Dino offense off the field.
Foy's 3-yard run and successful two-point conversion midway through the fourth quarter gave the Longhorns their first lead of the night 14-6.
On their final possession of the game, Altamont's Cassidy Smith intercepted a pass over the middle of the field by Carbon High's Dakota Cisneros to help seal the victory for the Longhorns.
Carbon High head coach Jeff Blanc said the end result was just another tough loss the team has had to absorb in what has been a rough start for the Dinos this season.
"This was just one of those games that got away from us," Blanc explained in a phone interview Monday morning. "It's really tough for us, especially to have two tough losses in a row." Carbon fell to Union High 26-21 on Sept. 7 after the Cougars scored a touchdown in the final minute of the game.
After a scoreless first quarter, the Dinos scored first taking a 6-0 lead when wide receiver Zac Hathaway caught a 30-yard pass from Cisneros that was tipped by an Altamont defender at the 1-yard line which fell into Hathaway's hands while standing in the end zone.
The Dinos had two takeaways in the first quarter, including a fumble recovery by Lane Neese on the second play of the game and an interception by Hathaway later in the quarter. The Dinos were unable to convert on either turnover as they failed to convert on a fourth down from inside the Altamont 5-yard line.
During the game we had opportunities to jump out on Altamont, but we just couldn't do it," Blanc said noting the team's struggles in the red zone. "We just seem to tighten things up when we are in the red zone."
After another interception by Hathaway with two minutes left in the first half, the Dinos again failed to convert the turnover into points as they drove down inside the Altamont 10-yard line only to see the drive end when a Cisneros pass was intercepted by the Altamont defense in the end zone.
Foy scored his first of two touchdowns for the Longhorns late in the third quarter on a 2-yard run. The ensuing extra point was no good and the game was tied at 6-6.
The Dinos turned the ball over on downs with 5:12 left in the game, giving the Longhorns the ball in Dino territory. The Longhorns (1-4, Class 1A) converted on a fourth-and-long taking more time off the clock and forcing the Dinos to use their three timeouts to stop the clock.
Carbon High got the ball back with 2:23 left to go and needed fourth down catch by wide receiver Garrett Blanc to keep the drive alive. Two plays later, Altamont picked off a Cisneros pass ending the Dinos chance for a comeback.
"The boys didn't give up, but they've got to learn not to play down to an opponent's level," Blanc said.
The Dinos also dealt with a rash of injuries during the game which saw players including Kyle Barrett, Jordan Blanc and Neese leave the game with various injuries. Blanc, who left the game with an apparent knee injury in the third quarter, later returned for the Dinos.
Junior Dominic Rondinelli led the Dinos with 65 yards rushing on 13 attempts. Senior Dakota Cisneros went 9-for-23 passing with 127 yards and one touchdown and two interceptions.
Senior Jordan Blanc had three receptions for 43 yards and Hathaway added three receptions for 42 yards and one touchdown. Hathaway also had two interceptions on defense.
After going 1-4 through their non-region schedule, Carbon High will begin Region 12 play on the road against the Spanish Fork Dons next Friday night at 7 p.m.
Blanc said the game will be a test of the Dinos' will as the Dons, a former 4A school, are ranked in the top five of all teams in class 3A.
"Spanish Fork is loaded with lots of talent and they're a solid team," he said. "We're going to do our best to prepare this week by looking at film and focus on what we need to improve on. We've got to go into the game with confidence and play a full 48 minutes."
|Print Page


text:
42 U.S. Code § 2214 - NRC user fees and annual charges
prev | next
(a) Annual assessment
(1) In general
The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (in this section referred to as the "Commission") shall annually assess and collect such fees and charges as are described in subsections (b) and (c) of this section.
(b) Fees for service or thing of value
(c) Annual charges
(1) Persons subject to charge
Except as provided in paragraph (4), any licensee or certificate holder of the Commission may be required to pay, in addition to the fees set forth in subsection (b) of this section, an annual charge.
(2) Aggregate amount of charges
(A) In general
The aggregate amount of the annual charges collected from all licensees and certificate holders in a fiscal year shall equal an amount that approximates the percentages of the budget authority of the Commission for the fiscal year stated in subparagraph (B), less—
(iii) amounts appropriated to the Commission for the fiscal year for implementation of section 3116 of the Ronald W. Reagan National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2005; and
(iv) amounts appropriated to the Commission for homeland security activities of the Commission for the fiscal year, except for the costs of fingerprinting and background checks required by section 2169 of this title and the costs of conducting security inspections.
(3) Amount per licensee
The Commission shall establish, by rule, a schedule of charges fairly and equitably allocating the aggregate amount of charges described in paragraph (2) among licensees. To the maximum extent practicable, the charges shall have a reasonable relationship to the cost of providing regulatory services and may be based on the allocation of the Commission's resources among licensees or classes of licensees.
(4) Exemption
(A) In general
Paragraph (1) shall not apply to the holder of any license for a federally owned research reactor used primarily for educational training and academic research purposes.
(B) Research reactor
For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term "research reactor" means a nuclear reactor that—
(i) is licensed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission under section 2134 (c) of this title for operation at a thermal power level of 10 megawatts or less; and
(ii) if so licensed for operation at a thermal power level of more than 1 megawatt, does not contain—
Source(Pub. L. 101–508, title VI, § 6101,Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–298; Pub. L. 102–486, title XXIX, § 2903(a),Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3125; Pub. L. 103–66, title VII, § 7001,Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 401; Pub. L. 105–245, title V, § 505,Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1856; Pub. L. 106–60, title VI, § 604,Sept. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 501; Pub. L. 106–377, § 1(a)(2) [title VIII], Oct. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 1441, 1441A–86; Pub. L. 109–58, title VI, § 637(a),Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 791; Pub. L. 109–103, title IV, Nov. 19, 2005, 119 Stat. 2283.)
References in Text
Section 3116 of the Ronald W. Reagan National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2005, referred to in subsec. (c)(2)(A)(iii), is section 3116 ofPub. L. 108–375, which is set out as a note under section 2601 of Title 50, War and National Defense.
Section is comprised of section 6101 ofPub. L. 101–508. Subsec. (e) ofsection 6101 of Pub. L. 101–508amended former section 2213 of this title.
Section was enacted as part of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990, and not as part of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 which comprises this chapter.
2005—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 109–58, § 637(a)(1)(A), substituted "The" for "Except as provided in paragraph (3), the".
Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 109–58, § 637(a)(1)(B), struck out heading and text of par. (3). Text read as follows: "The last assessment of annual charges under subsection (c) of this section shall be made not later than September 20, 2005."
Subsec. (c)(2)(A)(iii), (iv). Pub. L. 109–58, § 637(a)(2)(A)–(C), added cls. (iii) and (iv).
Subsec. (c)(2)(B)(v). Pub. L. 109–58, § 637(a)(2)(D), amended cl. (v) generally. Prior to amendment, cl. (v) read as follows: "90 percent for fiscal year 2005 and fiscal year 2006."
Pub. L. 109–103inserted "and fiscal year 2006" before period at end.
2000—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 106–377, § 1(a)(2) [title VIII], which directed substitution of "September 20, 2005" for "September 30, 1999", was executed by making the substitution for "September 30, 2000" to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the amendment by Pub. L. 106–60, § 604. See 1999 Amendment note below.
Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 106–377, § 1(a)(2) [title VIII], inserted "or certificate holder" after "licensee".
Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 106–377, § 1(a)(2) [title VIII], added par. (2) and struck out heading and text of former par. (2). Text read as follows: "The aggregate amount of the annual charge collected from all licensees shall equal an amount that approximates 100 percent of the budget authority of the Commission in the fiscal year in which such charge is collected, less any amount appropriated to the Commission from the Nuclear Waste Fund and the amount of fees collected under subsection (b) of this section in such fiscal year."
1999—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 106–60substituted "September 30, 2000" for "September 30, 1999".
1998—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 105–245substituted "September 30, 1999" for "September 30, 1998".
1993—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 103–66substituted "September 30, 1998" for "September 30, 1995".
1992—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 102–486, § 2903(a)(1), substituted "Except as provided in paragraph (4), any licensee" for "Any licensee".
Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 102–486, § 2903(a)(2), added par. (4).
Effective Date of 2005 Amendment
Pub. L. 109–58, title VI, § 637(c),Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 791, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and repealing section 2213 of this title] take effect on October 1, 2006."
Effective Date of 1992 Amendment
Pub. L. 102–486, title XXIX, § 2903(b),Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3125, provided that: "The amendments made [by] subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to annual charges assessed under section 6101(c) of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 [42 U.S.C. 2214 (c)] for fiscal year 1992 or any succeeding fiscal year."
Policy Review
Pub. L. 102–486, title XXIX, § 2903(c),Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3125, provided that: "The Nuclear Regulatory Commission shall review its policy for assessment of annual charges under section 6101(c) of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 [42 U.S.C. 2214 (c)], solicit public comment on the need for changes to such policy, and recommend to the Congress such changes in existing law as the Commission finds are needed to prevent the placement of an unfair burden on certain licensees of the Commission, in particular those that hold licenses to operate federally owned research reactors used primarily for educational training and academic research purposes."
LII has no control over and does not endorse any external Internet site that contains links to or references LII.


text:
I'm curious as to the odds of deployment and my chances of experiencing combat. Please no one start hating and getting all defensive. It is just a simple question. I am stationed at HQ now for the TXARNG in Austin. I do not yet know my unit however. Would that help in determining the odds of deployment? thank you for your help.
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Re: Odds of deployment as a Paralegal Specialist?
Originally posted by isteyr View PostI'm curious as to the odds of deployment and my chances of experiencing combat. Please no one start hating and getting all defensive. It is just a simple question. I am stationed at HQ now for the TXARNG in Austin. I do not yet know my unit however. Would that help in determining the odds of deployment? thank you for your help.
As far as combat operations during the deployment, that chance is slim to none. Generally, you never leave the wire. There are some of us that were engaged in processing foreign claims that spent a significant amount of time in a forward enviroment, but that is mainly for senior paralegals.
If you enjoy legal work, it can be a great job. I will caution you that this MOS in a Battalion sized unit is not an accurate representation of what we do. If you end up getting assigned to a Battalion (as opposed to a Brigade or Division), it can (will) ****.
Senior Member
- Nov 2010
- 4864
Iraq/Afghan War Veteran
101st Airborne Division/4th Infantry Division
Former Marine
Re: Odds of deployment as a Paralegal Specialist?
Good segue topic for this article that I read this week that the OP can calculate with his odds. But seriously, it all depends if your unit will be slated for rotation and if there is a need if you can possibly volunteer for a deployment.
Guard stresses readiness as it transitions from war
By Michelle Tan
The Army National Guard must remain trained, equipped and ready even as combat operations wind down and budgets tighten, the components top officer said.
Were in a period of transition, said Lt. Gen. William Ingram, director of the Army Guard. The one thing I dont want to see happen is we go back to the old strategic reserve where we get put on the shelf. Weve become an operational force, weve answered every call weve gotten in the last 10 years. As of Feb. 16, 35,216 Guard soldiers were mobilized, with about 23,697 of them deployed more than 12,000 in Afghanistan, and the remaining 11,519 at mobilization or demobilization stations across the U.S.
Another 30,450 Guard soldiers had been alerted for possible mobilization.
More than 500,000 Guard soldiers have been mobilized since Sept. 11, 2001.
More than half of the Guards 360,000 soldiers are combat veterans.
And the Guards 28 brigade combat teams have participated in 44 deployment rotations.
Right now were probably the best trained, best equipped and most experienced force in our 375year history, Ingram said. Weve been a full partner with the active Army for the last 10 years. Its too early to tell how looming budget cuts might affect the Army Guard, Ingram said.
At least for fiscal years 2012 and 2013, the Army Guard will stay at an authorized end strength of 358,200 soldiers, Ingram said.
The Guard also is waiting for the Army to make decisions about the design and organization of its brigade combat teams, he said. The Army is considering adding a maneuver battalion to its infantry, airborne and heavy BCTs.
Theyre talking about taking down some BCTs, adding a third maneuver battalion, he said. Whatever the Army does, our intent is to do the same thing. We want a BCT in either [component] to look alike. Overall, Ingram said he doesnt anticipate significant force structure changes in the Army Guard.
We intend to keep 28 BCTs, eight division headquarters, eight combat aviation brigades and two Special Forces groups, he said.
The Guard is, however, going to have to be more efficient and live within the upcoming budget constraints, Ingram said.
The amount of money coming into the Army is going to be less. Its going to buy less than it bought in the past, he said. Were not going to have all the things weve had for the last 10 years, and as the war fight draws down and [overseas contingency operations] funding gets smaller and smaller, obviously well have less people deployed and therell be less money for train-up to go to the war fight. However, soldiers understand those changes, Ingram said.
Were all going to bite the bullet a little bit, and well have to work our way through lean budget times. But we still need to maintain an operational force, he said. The countrys invested a tremendous amount of money in the Army National Guard in the last 10 years and we want to make sure the country gets a return on its investment. This is especially critical because the Guard also plays a key role in the homeland response to natural or man-made disasters, Ingram said.
Some of the options Ingram and other Army leaders are looking at to ensure the Guard remains trained and ready include adding more rotations for Guard BCTs in the training schedule at the National Training Center at Fort Irwin, Calif., and the Joint Readiness Training Center at Fort Polk, La.
We would definitely want to participate at the combat training centers, Ingram said. You can build a training event that includes a lot of enablers, as well, on the front and the back end of a combat training center rotation so it trains more than just a BCT. The Guard will continue to conduct missions in Kosovo, the Horn of Africa, the Sinai and Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, Ingram said. The Guard also has state partnerships with various countries around the world, including 17 partnerships in Europe alone, he said.
Right now, today, we have soldiers in more than 70 countries around the world, he said. It would be very easy to rotate a Guard BCT or any other type of unit to [a combatant command] and use it for theater engagements in their area of operations. Ingram said his priorities have not changed since his days as a lieutenant.
Man, equip and train, and have units at a readiness level as high as they can be for the way were resourced, he said. We can only be as ready as resources allow, but well be as efficient as we can possibly be. It is critical for the Guard to remain the operational force it has become after 10 years of war, he said.
Thats why the soldiers in our ranks today are here, he said. They want the opportunity to do something. We want to continue to give them the opportunity to serve. Our soldiers can perform, and theyve been proving that for the last 10 years. Pre-9/11, we had to prove we were good enough to do what we were asked to do. Now, nobody can say were not capable of doing the mission. □