text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Oct 23, 2003
|Filing date
|Apr 23, 2002
|Priority date
|Apr 23, 2002
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Jinyan Su, Alexandru Gavrilescu, Mark Markaryan
|Original Assignee
|Microsoft Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (37), Classifications (12), Legal Events (2)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
[0001] The invention relates generally to communication between computers over a network, and more particularly, to enabling extended telephony services to be provided for supporting communication between computers.
[0002] With today's widespread use of the Internet as a primary communication medium, many standard communication tools are now capable of communicating over a network. For instance, telephones, pagers, cell phones, handheld computers, and even fax machines now offer features to allow them to be accessed and controlled from over the Internet via an IP address designation or other network addressing scheme. As a result, these devices have the ability to communicate with each other remotely from over the network to share information, or receive data. Now it is possible for a text message to be transmitted by a user of a handheld device to a fax machine or printer belonging to another user, all from over the network. Furthermore, a user having several communication devices (e.g., a cell phone, laptop and handheld PC) can configure each of these devices to the network using a single alias or identifier, such as a username (e.g., firstname.lastname@example.com). In this way, the user's many devices need not be configured separately onto the network, making them easier to manage and access.
[0003] To support network telephony services such as those described above, a common protocol known as the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is often used to facilitate the communication. SIP is a text-based, peer-to-peer network protocol designed to provide telephony and voice over IP (VoIP) services over a network connection. It can be used to establish, maintain, and terminate calls, or sessions, between two or more device users. Typically, SIP is enabled with an SIP server, which can act as a proxy server that intermediates a call. As such, when the user of a first device places a call or requests a session with a second device user via the network, the proxy server receives (intercepts) the message in the form of an SIP request, processes it, and forwards the message to the second device. The processing that takes place includes standard SIP functions such as determining the location of the user of the second device, determining if there are other devices associated with the same user, and verifying the availability of the second device to receive calls. Other more advanced services are also capable of being performed such as call routing and forwarding, authentication, device or call request retransmission, and network security and access control. Typically, a dedicated server that is separate from the proxy server performs these more advanced services. The dedicated server has specific instructions for performing a particular service, and can communicate directly with the proxy server during the handling of a call.
[0004] The usage of dedicated servers for providing various services during a call does have a few drawbacks. One drawback is that the introduction of a dedicated server for performing a service requires extra network resources to be expended in order to complete the call. Rather than directly communicating with the second device, the first device has to communicate with the proxy server and one or more dedicated servers before it ever reaches the second device to place the call. Obviously, this places greater demand on the network, which could limit the reliability and speed at which the call is placed. Another drawback is that another server must be added to the network (such as by the network administrator of the proxy) each time a new service is to be made available. For example, to provide voicemail services, a dedicated "voicemail" server must be introduced to the existing system, which could require significant configuration and setup time. Still further, it is possible for calls to be routed indefinitely amongst the various devices handling the calls, as conventional systems do not always account for message looping. Currently, there is no convenient and reliable way in which to extend the services or features of network systems that support telephony, VoIP and other applications.
[0005] The invention presents a system for conveniently extending the capabilities of network systems that support telephony, VoIP and other applications capable of communicating over a network. This includes network systems and devices that process messages conforming to the SIP protocol, and other common network protocols. Also, the present invention relates to a method and system for preventing message looping within such network systems and devices.
[0006] In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, a network device having one or more executable service modules receives a message directed to a second device from a first device. Each of the one or more service modules comprises instructions for performing a specific service, such as message or call routing, media relaying, or other multimedia and telephony services. The message sent by the first device is created according to a common network protocol for supporting network telephony such as SIP. When a network device, such as a proxy server, receives the message, it passes the message up the corresponding protocol stack of the server, and eventually to a set of internal components that also facilitate the processing of the message. These components, which are configured specifically for operation upon the network device, include a dispatcher and a state manager. The dispatcher and state manager components interact with the one or more service modules to handle the message.
[0007] The dispatcher component analyzes the various data fields that comprise the message, and compares its contents to a set of resource data contained within a dispatching table. Resource data, which is stored in the dispatching table by the service modules as they are activated upon the server (e.g., via a registration process), includes any data that identifies the type of messages or events that the one or more modules are interested in. The resource data can also specify criterion for which a service module will perform its service for a given request. So, for example, one service module may only be interested in messages that are addressed to a specific network location or device, while another service module may be interested in messages addressed to any location or any device. The dispatcher checks the dispatching table to determine which of the one or more service modules is to process the message, and then delivers the message to the appropriate module(s) in which to be serviced (e.g., route the message to a destination, authenticate the message). During the time of processing, the dispatcher can activate the state manager so that it maintains state information pertaining to the message. Once the appropriate service module processes a message, that service module sends the message back to the dispatcher, which in turn determines if there is another service module that the message needs to be processed by. When the message does need to be serviced by another service module, the dispatcher passes the message to that particular service module. When no other processing need be performed on the message, the message is transmitted to the second device, or its intended destination.
[0008] In accordance with another embodiment of the invention, a network system, such as a proxy device, executes logical functions that prevent message looping from occurring between one or more executable service modules. Specifically, the one or more modules are activated upon the server via a registration process, and classified into three message handling categories, namely: (1) incoming-processing, (2) routing-processing, and (3) outgoing-processing. Service modules classified as incoming-processing handle messages passed up the protocol stack of the server, such as those newly received from a remote device. The processing performed on a received message by these modules generally includes information collection, the checking of message content, and other initialization and organization tasks (e.g., performing login access or message filtering).
[0009] Service modules classified as routing-processing generally make routing decisions, and so can change the destination address specified in a message if necessary. In general, only routing-processing type service modules are capable of making routing decisions. The dispatcher executes logical operations to prevent the dispatcher from dispatching the message to the same routing-processing service module that has previously processed the message. And lastly, service modules classified as outgoing-processing sit on the send path after the core routing routines. Modules in this category generally have knowledge of where the message is to be directed, and can modify the headers and message body accordingly. Typical service modules in this category may include logging, media relay or firewall control modules.
[0010] Additional features and advantages of the invention will be made apparent from the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments that proceeds with reference to the accompanying figures.
[0011] While the appended claims set forth the features of the present invention with particularity, the invention, together with its objects and advantages, may be best understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
[0012]FIG. 1 is an example of a computer network;
[0013]FIG. 2 is an example of a computer;
[0014]FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a proxy device facilitating a call between a first client and a second client over the network in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
[0015]FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the internal architecture of the proxy device of FIG. 3 according to an embodiment of the invention;
[0016]FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating a general classification of service modules in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
[0017]FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating steps executed in an embodiment of the invention for preventing message looping during the handling of a message by the proxy device of FIG. 3; and
[0018]FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating steps executed in an embodiment of the invention for processing a message newly received by the proxy device of FIG. 3.
[0019] The present invention relates to a system for conveniently extending the capabilities of network computing systems that support telephony services. Network computing systems suitable for practicing the invention include server devices, workstations, and any other computing devices capable of processing messages conforming to a protocol that facilitates network telephony. Such protocols include the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), the H.323 protocol, the Single Computer Telephony Protocol (SCTP) and other protocols. Throughout the course of the detailed description, the invention will be described with general reference to SIP as a messaging protocol for supporting communication between devices in accordance with the teachings of the invention. However, those of skill in the art will recognize that SIP is only one protocol suitable for supporting network telephony, and that other protocols such as those disclosed above could just as easily be utilized. The invention is not limited to any one protocol, as any means or medium through which two or more devices may communicate to support network telephony is suitable.
[0020] As used herein, the term "network telephony" relates to any process wherein a network, such as the Internet, is used as a transmission medium for placing telephone calls or facilitating multimedia sessions between two or more computing devices. This can include multimedia sessions where streaming media (e.g., audio and video data) is exchanged over the network, conference calls, virtual meetings, and other telephony sessions. It will be recognized by those skilled in the art that the term "network telephony" is generic, and can therefore describe or pertain to several other communication processes involving the exchange of high scale data. These include, but are not limited to, IP telephony, Voice over the Internet (VOI) and Voice over IP (VoIP). Also, as used herein, the term "call" (e.g., telephone call) relates to a session in which an exchange of information is commenced or initiated between two or more devices over a network, such as with the aide of a telephony application (e.g., MICROSOFT NetMeeting TM). In the context of the present invention, a "call" is synonymous to a "message" being sent between the devices. As such, the following description will use the terms call and message interchangeably at times to describe the interaction between two or more devices over the network.
[0021] An example of a networked environment in which the invention may be used will now be described with reference to FIG. 1. The example network includes several computers 20 communicating with one another over a network 30, such as the Internet, as represented by a cloud. Network 30 may include many well-known components, such as routers, gateways, hubs, etc. and may allow the computers 20 to communicate via wired and/or wireless media.
[0022] Referring to FIG. 2, an example of a basic configuration for a computer on which the system described herein may be implemented is shown. In its most basic configuration, the computer 20 typically includes at least one processing unit 42 and memory 44. Depending on the exact configuration and type of the computer 20, the memory 44 may be volatile (such as RAM), non-volatile (such as ROM or flash memory) or some combination of the two. This most basic configuration is illustrated in FIG. 2 by dashed line 46. Additionally, the computer may also have other features/functionality. For example, computer 20 may also include additional storage (removable and/or non-removable) including, but not limited to, magnetic or optical disks or tape. Computer storage media includes volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disk (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to stored the desired information and which can be accessed by the computer 20. Any such computer storage media may be part of computer 20.
[0023] Computer 20 may also contain communications connections that allow the device to communicate with other devices. A communication connection is an example of a communication medium. Communication media typically embodies computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and includes any information delivery media. By way of example, and not limitation, communication media includes wired media such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media. The term computer readable media as used herein includes both storage media and communication media.
[0024] Computer 20 may also have input devices such as a keyboard, mouse, pen, voice input device, touch input device, etc. Output devices such as a display 48, speakers, a printer, etc. may also be included. All these devices are well known in the art and need not be discussed at length here.
[0025] In an embodiment of the invention, a proxy device 101 having several executable service modules 114 facilitates a communication session between a first client 100 and a second client 102, as illustrated in FIG. 3. The first client 100 communicates over the network using a laptop computer 104, and is addressed according to the network location email@example.com 106. Hence, a device wishing to communicate with the first client 100 would reference the firstname.lastname@example.com network location. Contrastingly, the second client 102 communicates over the network using several devices, including a laptop computer 108, handheld device 110, and a cell phone 112. These devices are labeled Device 1, 2 and 3 respectively for convenient reference. All of the second client's devices are configured to the network according to the same address, or alias, namely email@example.com 107. As such, it is possible for the first client 100 to communicate with one, two or all of the possible devices available to the second client 102 by referencing a single address.
[0026] The factors and conditions that determine which particular device is the primary device for receiving a call, or other logical conditions that affect the behavior and nature of the communication, are established according to specific rules, or policies. For example, if the second client 102 wishes to be contacted only by cell phone after 5:00 P.M., but by e-mail via the laptop prior to this time, the client 102 sets these conditions accordingly. Commonly, the client sets such conditions or preferences with a telephony application that has a rules wizard, or policy setup feature. Alternatively, the network administrator of the b.com network upon which the second client 102 is configured can establish specific rules and policies for registered devices. Regardless of how these conditions are implemented, they are maintained and administered by the proxy device 101.
[0027] The proxy device 101 is a computing device, such as a server, that comprises one or more executable modules, referred to as service modules 114. The service modules 114 are implemented according to a standard programming language such as C or C++, Jscript, or any other machine executable language. Moreover, they may be implemented as dynamic link libraries (DLLs), or any other executable program objects. The proxy device 101 executes the service modules in order to provide extended message handling capabilities—beyond its normal range of capability—for managing and processing calls on behalf of one or more devices (e.g., the second client's devices). For example, the proxy device 101 may be equipped with a service module for performing call routing, one for automatically responding to incoming messages or calls, and perhaps another for executing specialized scripts or applications. Any set of instructions specified by a service module that is compatible with the methods and procedures of the operating system of the proxy device 101 and internal components of the network device (to be discussed later) can be executed.
[0028] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the ability to invoke service modules for performing specialized or general call handling services dismisses the need for separate devices performing each function, as in conventional network systems. So, as an example, rather than provide call routing capabilities via a dedicated "call-routing" server, this functionality can be implemented as a call-routing service module that operates upon the proxy device 101 itself. Likewise, as long as the service modules comply with the processing mechanisms of the proxy device 101 (e.g., OS APIs) they can be customized to suit individual user needs. Hence, service modules for performing various tasks can be added to the proxy device 101 or adapted as needed to provide different functionality for the proxy device 101.
[0029] One example of a service module that is executable by the proxy device 101 is the registration module 116. The proxy device 101 uses the registration module 116 to register clients (and their corresponding communication devices) that wish to be processed by a particular service module or that wish to have their calls managed by the proxy device 101. In the illustrated embodiment, the second client 102 is registered with the proxy device 101 so that Devices 1, 2 and 3 are managed. The registration entries are maintained as a list, or database entry 118 by the registration module 116 on the proxy device 101. Entries include the alias of the second client 102, and its corresponding registered devices. Each device can be assigned its own distinct contact address 120, which can be a secondary address within the b.com network for communicating with the device.
[0030] In addition to the registration module 116, the proxy device 101 may also include other service modules that provide a particular service or function, such as modules 122 and 124. Again, the service modules can be customized to perform specific call or message processing tasks, making them suitable for implementation by a user of the proxy device 101, or even third-party module vendors. Each service module operating upon the proxy is assigned a unique identifier value, such as a GUID (group/user identifier), that identifies it from other service modules. Ideally, a service module is provided (e.g., by the user of the proxy device 101 or a network administrator) for each feature that is to be implemented for managing calls. To support the operation of service modules upon the proxy device 101, a system architecture for the proxy device 101 is presented in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. This architecture is illustrated by way of FIG. 4.
[0031] As shown, the internal architecture of the proxy device 101 is comprised of various internal components that perform different operations. One of the components is a socket module 150, such as Winsock (WINdows SOCKets). The socket module (well known in the art) is a common application programming interface (API) that facilitates communication between an application that operates on the proxy device 101, and the underlying communication protocol being used. Another component that comprises that internal architecture of the proxy device 101 is the protocol stack 152. The protocol stack provides the mechanisms for supporting communication upon the proxy device 101 in accordance with a particular control protocol. In the illustrated embodiment, the protocol stack is presented as an SIP stack for implementing SIP processing and control. Common SIP protocol stack features include timing management, transport control, data maintenance, and other mechanisms. While shown in the illustrated embodiment, the actual implementation of the SIP stack is beyond the scope of this description, and is therefore not detailed here. Those having skill in the art will recognize, however, that various means exist for implementing a protocol stack, and that any means by which the mechanisms necessary for supporting SIP communication is enabled upon a device is within the scope of the invention.
[0032] In addition to the socket module 150 and protocol stack 152, a state manager component 154 also operates upon the proxy device 101 for maintaining state information. State information is any data that is descriptive of, or associated with a particular transaction performed or call processed by the proxy device 101. The state manager 154 generates the state information based on observations of the message traffic by the proxy device 101. Based on the content of data within the message, the state manager 154 generates an event (e.g., flag) that indicates what type of processing is being performed on the message, and what is occurring with respect to the transaction (e.g., call active, transaction finished). This event, together with the message that triggered the event, is then delivered to any service modules indicating an interest, via a dispatching table 160, of such events and messages. The dispatching table 160, and its usage with respect to the service modules 116 and 161-163, will be described in a later section of the detailed description.
[0033] Those skilled in the art will recognize that several methods exist for maintaining state information during a communication process, and that the invention is not limited to any one mechanism. Indeed, the state manager 154 can maintain any information that is useful for providing an indication of the conditions or properties associated with a particular communication process.
[0034] Another internal component of the proxy device 101 is the dispatcher 156. The dispatcher 156 is an executable component that communicates directly with the one or more service modules 157 that are executed by the proxy device 101 for servicing calls. It communicates with the modules via standard method or system calls, such as API functions and routines. The dispatcher also builds up the process chain for messages received by the proxy 101, thus ensuring that the messages are serviced in the correct order. Still further, the dispatcher 156 also maintains resource data related to each service module. Resource data is information provided by each service module to specify the message or call types that the module is interested in processing. Moreover, resource data also specifies the service or processing task that is offered by a particular service module. The submission of this data to the dispatcher 156 allows a service module to register its services with the proxy device, thus enabling its unique mechanisms. In general, resource data can be any information that has an identity, including an electronic document, an image, a service, or a collection of other resources.
[0035] It is also worth noting that the extension modules specify, at the time of their registration (described later in this document), what state information they will be interested in during its operation. Only those messages that match the module's expressed interest will trigger creation of the state within the State Manager. If no extension module needs state for a message, no state will be created. This dynamic approach to state management allows for more effective resource management and better performance.
[0036] When the service modules are powered up, such as by a power management or control logic component 158, the modules pass resource data to the dispatcher 156. Data can be passed to the dispatcher in various forms, including in the form of a request uniform resource identifier (URI) via a standard method call or API procedure. A request URI is a simple stream of data that indicates a particular resource to be processed by a server, or that identifies a specific entity operating upon the network. Common examples of request URIs include uniform resource locators (URLs), which identify a particular web page or network document, and usernames associated with network computing device users. URIs within messages conforming to the SIP protocol specify a particular action or method to be performed in association with the message, such as "INVITE" for inviting a caller, or "REGISTER" for initiating the registration of a device. The dispatcher 156 then stores the resource data specified by the URI into a dispatching table 160 for subsequent retrieval.
[0037] In the illustrated embodiment, resource data is shown as being stored within the dispatching table 160 in connection with service modules 1-3; 161-163 respectively. Specifically, service module 1 (M1) passes resource data to the dispatcher indicating that it is interested in servicing messages addressed by, or to, email@example.com, where * is a wildcard indicator. Similarly, module 3 (M3) specifies that it is interested in servicing messages addressed by, or to, email@example.com. Still further, module 2 (M2) indicates its preferred resource to be any device addressed by, or to, email@example.com. Because the dispatcher 156 stores the URIs for each module in the dispatching table 160, it can refer to the table in order to "dispatch" incoming calls or messages received by the proxy device 101 to the appropriate module for processing. For example, if a message 165 referencing email@example.com is received from a remote device 164 by the proxy device 1101, this message is passed up the socket module 150 to the protocol stack 152, and eventually to the dispatcher 156. After some initial processing of the message is performed (as described in subsequent paragraphs), the dispatcher 156 checks the dispatching table 160 to determine which modules, if any, have resource data stored in the dispatching table 160 that matches the address specified in the message. In this case, modules M1 161 and M3 163 indicate resource data that matches the email@example.com reference, so both modules must process the message. The decision as to which module is to process the message first, however, is determined according to a priority value associated with each module.
[0038] The priority value is simply a unique identifier, such as a numeric character, that is designated by each service module for itself as it registers with the dispatcher 156. Alternately, the dispatcher 156 may assign a unique priority value to each service module that registers its services with the proxy device 101. When the dispatcher 156 assigns the priority value itself, it ignores the recommendation made by the service module. Each module is assigned a specific priority value, but none of them are made aware of their priority with respect to other service modules. Only the network administrator of the proxy device 101 can access and modify the priority value information of a specific module once it has been assigned; which can be useful for further stream-lining the call management process.
[0039] In addition to associating a priority value with each service module, the proxy device 101 must be able to perform other mechanisms for ensuring the execution of service modules. Given that several service modules may be executed by the proxy device 101 for servicing a call, the proxy device must be able to effectively control the flow of a message as it is passed to various service modules from the time it is received, to the time it is transmitted to its intended destination. Furthermore, because one or more service modules may be capable of dictating the way in which a message is to be routed (e.g., changing the destination address specified in a message header), a control mechanism for preventing message looping is necessary. To accommodate these requirements, the proxy device 101 executes a message-handling scheme in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. This message-handling scheme is detailed in the following paragraphs, and illustrated by way of FIG. 5.
[0040] With respect to the figure, the one or more service modules executed by the proxy device 101 are classified into three message handling categories, namely: incoming-processing 200, routing-processing 202, and outgoing-processing 204. When the service modules register with the proxy device 101 by passing its resource data to the dispatching table 160, it denotes its classification. Each classification relates to the functionality of a service module as it processes a call. In particular, service modules classified as incoming-processing 200 process incoming messages, or those that are newly received by the proxy device 101 (e.g., passed up the protocol stack to the dispatcher 160 from over the network). These modules generally perform information collection, check message content, and perform other initialization and organization tasks. Examples of modules in this category include a login access service module, an error correction module, or a service module that performs message filtering (e.g., altering various message headers as needed). Also included in this category is the registration module 116, which facilitates the enabling of one or more devices that wish to be managed by the proxy device 101. Incoming-processing service modules operate within the receive path of an incoming message. For this reason, the dispatcher 160 dispatches any newly received messages to the appropriate incoming-processing modules before any other module types. The appropriate service module for receiving the message is determined by the dispatcher by checking the resource data specified in the dispatching table 160.
[0041] After being processed by the appropriate incoming-processing module(s), state information can be stored by the state manager 154 at the discretion of the processing service module. The message is then passed back to the dispatcher 160. Depending on the type of action specified within the message (e.g., "INVITE", "REGISTER"), or the type of service that is to be performed by the proxy device in managing the call, the dispatcher 160 forwards the message to the routing-processing 202 or outgoing-processing 204 modules. Generally, modules within the routing-processing 202 category process messages requiring call routing or message redirection. Modules in this category make routing decisions, and so can alter the intended destination of a message if necessary. For example, a message addressed to a device originally referenced by firstname.lastname@example.com can be redirected by a routing-processing module to firstname.lastname@example.com, the new reference location (URI) of the intended device. As another example, a routing-processing module can reroute a call from the destination of an inactive device, to that of an active device. Only modules classified as routing-processing 202 are capable of altering or determining the next hop a message is to take. For SIP messages, this means that routing-processing modules are capable of making "next-request-URI" decisions by providing a new Request-URI, or by maintaining the URI specified in the original message. Routing-processing modules do not directly modify the content of SIP messages, as they are focused on making routing decisions.
[0042] Examples of service modules within the routing-processing message handling category include, but are not limited to: a call routing module, a registration database query module, and application module, and a dispatching table lookup module. An application module can be used by the operating computing device, such as a proxy, for executing specialized scripts or executable applications for call processing. Also, a registration database query module performs queries of the list of service modules and devices that are registered with the proxy device 101. It retrieves the contact information pertaining to the device, or unique GUID of the service module, and returns this value to the requesting device or module. Similarly, a dispatching table lookup module is used in connection with the dispatching table 160 maintained by the dispatcher 156. This service module performs queries of the dispatching table 160, and retrieves the resource data pertaining to the one or more service modules that are registered with the proxy device 101. Other service modules for executing specialized tasks may be implemented as well.
[0043] Finally, service modules classified as outgoing-processing 204 sit within the send path of a message after the initialization/configuration and core routing routines have been performed. These modules are able to access the state manager 154 or query the dispatching table 160 (e.g., via a dispatching table lookup module) for information pertaining to where the message is to be directed. This includes information such as the next hop location, or the next-request-uri value. When an outgoing-processing type service module directs a message in accordance with the next hop information (which means that the current request-uri will be the final one in the outgoing message), it does not make any modification to the request-uri value. As necessary, however, outgoing-processing modules can modify the message headers and message body accordingly. Typical service modules in this category include a media relay service module for the adaptation of telephony data for various transmission mediums, or a firewall entry module for providing decryption/encryption or other network security services.
[0044] As discussed previously, only the routing-processing modules 202 are capable of making routing decisions. Because of this functionality, it is possible for service modules of this type to route messages to one another indefinitely. For example, if a first routing-processing service module designates the next hop of a message as the location of a second routing-processing service module, the second routing-processing module should not route the message back to the first routing-processing service module. Otherwise, the result is a rerouting of the message back to its previous location-the first routing-processing module. Those skilled in the art will recognize that this phenomenon is common in some conventional network telephony systems, and can cause significant delays in message processing and transmission. To prevent messages from being routed or redirected indefinitely (or infinitely) as a result of processing, a means for preventing message looping is necessary. In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, the dispatcher 156 of the proxy device 101 executes loop prevention logic in connection with the operation of the routing-processing service modules 202, as illustrated in the flowchart of FIG. 6.
[0045] As shown, when a message is passed to a current service module classified as routing-processing 202 for processing (event 300); the service module records an entry specifying the module's unique identifier value and the current Request-URI into the dispatching table (event 302). This message is then processed by the service module (event 304)—resulting in the next hop decision being made—and passed to the dispatcher 156 to be directed to the next routing-processing service module (event 306). Before passing the message to the next routing-processing service module for processing, the dispatcher 156 checks the dispatching table 160 to determine if the unique identifier value of the next module and the current Request-URI match an entry already included within the dispatching table 160 (event 308). When this condition is false, the message is passed to the next module for processing accordingly (event 310), and the process is repeated. However, when the unique identifier value of the next module and the current Request-URI match an entry within the dispatching table, the dispatcher 156 discards the message in order to prevent the message from being processed by the same service module (event 312). More specifically, the dispatcher 156 ensures that no service module is capable of processing the same message more than once, thus preventing indefinite looping within the proxy device 101.
[0046] Up to this point, the invention has been described with respect to the various modules that comprise the system architecture of a proxy device. This includes the modules that ensure the passage of messages from the network transmission wire (socket module, protocol stack), all the way up to the service modules that execute at higher levels of the proxy device 101. Also, the various message handling categories used to specify the operation of the service modules upon the proxy device 101 have been described. Still further, the logical operation performed by the dispatcher 156 for preventing message looping has been presented in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. In an effort to better describe the present invention, the interaction between the various modules that comprise the system architecture of the proxy device 101 will now be described in the following paragraphs.
[0047] According to an embodiment of the invention, calls are received and serviced by a proxy device 101 having one or more service modules that perform specific tasks, as illustrated in the flowchart of FIG. 7. A first client 500 places a call to a second client 502 whose calls are managed by the proxy device 101 (event 604) over a network 503. The socket module of the proxy device 101 receives the call from over the wire, and passes it to the protocol stack 152. The message is processed (e.g., parsed) by the protocol stack module 152, and then passed up to the state manager 154 and eventually the dispatcher 156 (events 606-610). When the dispatcher receives the message, it checks the message against resource data stored within the dispatching table 160 to determine which module is to receive the message (event 612). As discussed previously, the first modules to process any newly received message are the incoming-processing modules 200. Consequently, the dispatcher 156 dispatches the message to a service module of this type having matching criteria, and the message is then processed (event 614). Once the message is processed, it is passed back to the dispatcher 156 (event 616), and another decision as to which module is to receive the message is made via the dispatching table (event 612). Optionally, the service modules may store state information by communicating with the state manager 154. Any data requested by a service module for storage is maintained in a location accessible by the state manager.
[0048] In the absence of any other incoming-processing service modules 200 that need to process the message, the dispatcher 156 determines which routing-processing 202 or outgoing-processing 204 service modules are to receive the message. This decision is due in part to the resource data indicated within the dispatching table 160, as well as the particular functionality required for servicing the message (call). For example, the message may require call-routing services, in which case a call routing service module is appropriate for this task, and thus receives the message prior to any outgoing-processing service modules. In the illustrated embodiment, the message is dispatched to a first service module 517, processed, and then passed back to the dispatcher 156 (event 618). From there, it is dispatched to a second routing-processing service module 519 and, processed, and then passed again to the dispatcher 156 to determine the next service module in which it is to be processed by (event 620). The dispatcher 156 passes the data to the appropriate outgoing-processing service module 521 to be processed (event 622), and directed to its intended destination (e.g., next-request-uri). Upon processing the message, it is passed one last time to the dispatcher (event 624), through the other modules, and eventually placed onto the network 503 to its destination (event 626). The intended destination—the second client device 502—receives the processed message accordingly (event 628).
[0049] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that virtually any service, procedure, or function that affects or alters the behavior and nature of a communication between devices that support network telephony can be implemented as a service module. The !μL ability to invoke service modules for performing specialized or general call handling services, such as in the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 7, dismisses the need for separate devices performing each function. While the concept of extending the capabilities of network telephony systems is not necessarily new, there are currently no convenient platforms or system architectures available for supporting the interoperability of service modules to extend the capabilities of existing systems. The present invention, however, allows service modules to be added to existing network telephony systems, such as a proxy devices, without any alterations to the proxy stack or operating system routines.
[0050] Also, because the service modules are implemented as software modules, no hardware reconfiguration or extensive APIs are needed to exploit their functionality. This significantly minimizes the overhead involved in extending the operation of a network telephony device, and supports the usage of third-party service modules. Moreover, because the service modules specify what state information they are interested in via the resource data, only those messages that match the module's expressed interest will trigger creation of the state by the state manager 154. This results in state information being created only when a service module requires it, and not for all calls or transactions. This dynamic approach to state management allows for more effective resource management and better performance.
[0051] While various illustrated embodiments show the proxy device as existing at a network location separate from the interacting client devices, the invention is not limited to any particular network configuration. Indeed, the invention is applicable to any network configuration, including those wherein the proxy device is located within the same network as the interacting devices. Furthermore, the invention can be implemented within both distributed and non-distributed environments. Any network system requiring appropriate mechanisms, functions and procedures for supporting telephony applications or devices can benefit from the invention.
[0052] In view of the many possible embodiments to which the principles of this invention may be applied, it should be recognized that the embodiment described herein with respect to the drawing figures is meant to be illustrative only and should not be taken as limiting the scope of invention. For example, those of skill in the art will recognize that the elements of the illustrated embodiment shown in software may be implemented in hardware and vice versa or that the illustrated embodiment can be modified in arrangement and detail without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention as described herein contemplates all such embodiments as may come within the scope of the following claims and equivalents thereof.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|May 4, 1936
|Mar 28, 1939
|American Box Board Co
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Dec 30, 2003
|Mar 7, 2006
|At&T Corp.
|Method and apparatus of detection of inter-carrier looping
|Dec 30, 2003
|Mar 4, 2008
|Dialogic Corporation
|High performance call distribution system using a dispatcher and multiple processors for processing session initiation dialogs
|Dec 30, 2005
|Apr 29, 2008
|At&T Corp.
|Method and apparatus of detection of inter-carrier looping
|May 23, 2005
|Dec 9, 2008
|International Business Machines Corporation
|System and method for creation/deletion of linear block address table entries for direct I/O
|Oct 31, 2007
|Dec 23, 2008
|At&T Corp.
|Method and apparatus of detection of inter-carrier looping
|Aug 31, 2005
|Mar 3, 2009
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Method for out of user space I/O with server authentication
|May 23, 2005
|Mar 10, 2009
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Method for query/modification of linear block address table entries for direct I/O
|May 23, 2005
|Mar 10, 2009
|International Bsuiness Machines Corporation
|Method for out of user space block mode I/O directly between an application instance and an I/O adapter
|Sep 24, 2002
|May 12, 2009
|Siemens Communications, Inc.
|Methods and apparatus for facilitating remote communication with an IP network
|May 23, 2005
|Jun 23, 2009
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Method for user space operations for direct I/O between an application instance and an I/O adapter
|Aug 31, 2005
|Aug 18, 2009
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Out of user space I/O directly between a host system and a physical adapter using file based linear block address translation
|May 3, 2005
|Nov 17, 2009
|At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P.
|System and method for configuring and operating a network based telephone system
|Aug 31, 2005
|Feb 2, 2010
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Processing user space operations directly between an application instance and an I/O adapter
|Nov 12, 2008
|Dec 7, 2010
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Mechanisms for creation/deletion of linear block address table entries for direct I/O
|Dec 14, 2009
|Oct 2, 2012
|At&T Intellectual Property I, Lp
|Call routing system and method of using the same
|Nov 11, 2009
|Oct 23, 2012
|At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P.
|System and method of determining call treatment of repeat calls
|Nov 18, 2004
|Jan 29, 2013
|Rockstar Consortium Us Lp
|Identifying and controlling network sessions via an access concentration point
|Jun 29, 2006
|Jun 18, 2013
|Avaya Canada Corp.
|Connecting devices in a peer-to-peer network with a service provider
|Oct 18, 2007
|Dec 3, 2013
|Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
|Call setup method and terminal in an IP network
|Feb 10, 2012
|Dec 17, 2013
|Rockstar Consortium Us Lp
|Identifying and controlling network sessions via an access concentration point
|Aug 23, 2012
|Dec 31, 2013
|At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P.
|Call routing system and method of using the same
|Feb 6, 2013
|Jun 10, 2014
|At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P.
|System and method for targeted tuning of a speech recognition system
|Dec 20, 2004
|Aug 12, 2014
|Avaya Inc.
|Peer-to-peer communication session monitoring
|Jul 3, 2013
|Sep 2, 2014
|At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P.
|System and method for speech-enabled call routing
|Sep 14, 2012
|Nov 4, 2014
|At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P.
|System and method of determining call treatment of repeat calls
|Jul 1, 2014
|Jul 21, 2015
|At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P.
|System and method for speech-enabled call routing
|Oct 4, 2012
|Aug 18, 2015
|Interactions Llc
|System and method for processing speech
|Dec 30, 2003
|Aug 5, 2004
|Snowshore Networks, Inc.
|High performance transparent call distribution
|Dec 6, 2004
|Apr 28, 2005
|Helfman Nadav B.
|Apparatus and method for optimized and secured reflection of network services to remote locations
|Sep 30, 2004
|May 19, 2005
|Thomas Salomon
|Systems and methods for external service administration
|May 3, 2005
|Nov 9, 2006
|Sbc Knowledge Ventures, L.P.
|System and method for configuring and operating a network based telephone system
|May 23, 2005
|Nov 23, 2006
|Boyd William T
|System and method for creation/deletion of linear block address table entries for direct I/O
|May 23, 2005
|Nov 23, 2006
|Boyd William T
|System and method for query/modification of linear block address table entries for direct I/O
|May 23, 2005
|Nov 23, 2006
|Boyd William T
|System and method for processor queue to linear block address translation using protection table control based on a protection domain
|May 23, 2005
|Nov 23, 2006
|Boyd William T
|System and method for out of user space block mode I/O directly between an application instance and an I/O adapter
|Jun 29, 2006
|Jan 3, 2008
|James Andrew Stelzig
|Connecting devices in a peer-to-peer network with a service provider
|Mar 10, 2011
|Sep 13, 2012
|Joan Smith
|Sip device-level call/session/service management
|U.S. Classification
|709/223, 709/201
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Apr 23, 2002
Owner name: MICROSOFT CORPORATION, WASHINGTON
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:SU, JINYAN;GAVRILESCU, ALEXANDRU;MARKARYAN, MARK;REEL/FRAME:012820/0756
Effective date: 20020422
|Dec 9, 2014
Owner name: MICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY LICENSING, LLC, WASHINGTON
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MICROSOFT CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:034541/0477
Effective date: 20141014


text:
Haematococcus (algae), Euplotes (protozoa), and Cyclidium (ciliate) (400x)
2012 Nikon Small World Photomicrography Competition, Charles Krebs, Issaquah, Washington, USA Read More
This transmission electron micrograph (TEM) revealed the ultrastructural appearance of a number of virus particles, or "virions", of a hantavirus known as the Sin Nombre virus (SNV).
In November 1993, the specific hantavirus that caused the Four Corners outbreak was isolated. Using tissue fro... Read More
This negatively-stained transmission electron micrograph (TEM) revealed the presence of Rubella virus virions, as they were in the process of budding from the host cell surface to be freed into the host's system, thereby, producing an enveloped virus particle, which means that after budding, the... Read More
Non-acid-fast rods (Corynebacterium species). (approx. X 1000). Taken from the Wistreich Collection, appearing exclusively on Microbeworld. Read More
Raw sewage. Filamentous bacterium, note the polymeric material Read More
Bacteria engineered to act as genetic clocks flash in synchrony. Here, a "supernova" burst in a colony of coupled genetic clocks just after reaching critical cell density. Superimposed: A diagram from the notebook of Christiaan Huygens, who first characterized synchronized oscillators in the 17t... Read More
Listeria monocytogenes has a particular tropism for the central nervous system. To gain knowledge about the immune response elicited by L. monocytogenes in the brain, we used a rat ex-vivo organotypic nervous system culture as a model for Listeria infection. Brain sections were maintained severa... Read More
Rothia dentocariosa. Granular microcolonies, 18 hour aerobic growth on trypticase soy agar (250X) Read More
Exophiala jeanselmei. Note long slender conidiophores with terminal sporulation. Secondary budding of conidia is rare. LCB mount. Read More
A pink-pigmented strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is shown in the picture. This was photographed in University of Colorado Hospital's clinical lab by the microbiology department. The organism is shown on Mueller-Hinton agar for Kirby-Bauer sensitivity testing.
The pigment pyorubin is responsi... Read More
Campylobacter bacteria are the number-one cause of food-related gastrointestinal illness in the United States. To learn more about this pathogen, ARS scientists are sequencing multiple Campylobacter genomes. This scanning electron microscope image shows the characteristic spiral, or corkscrew, s... Read More
Vibrio cholerae serotype O1 ogawa isolated on TCBS agar in Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Hospital , Kathmandu , Nepal .
Vibrio cholerae was isolated in the capital city Kathmandu , where as it causes cholerae endemic in certain remote parts in the country every year . Vibrio cholerae O1 ogawa serotype was isolated and identified after growth in TCBS agar and subcultured on HIA plate and performed oxidase test (+... Read More
In a healthy adult human body, most internal organs such as the brain, spleen, liver, and heart are devoid of microorganisms because the immune system keeps them in check. After human host death, however, the immune system falters and microorganisms proliferate throughout the body beginning in ... Read More
This colorized negative-stained transmission electron micrograph (TEM) depicts the ultrastructural details of a number of influenza virus particles, or "virions". A member of the taxonomic family Orthomyxoviridae, the influenza virus is a single-stranded RNA organism
The flu is a contagious r... Read More
Antagonistic effect of Imipenem towards Piperacillin/tazobactam disc in Pseudomonas aeruginosa lawn on Mueller-Hinton agar
This images was taken during the lab work of my Master thesis on Metallo beta lactamase on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spps at Shree Birendra Hospital ( Army Hospital) in Kathmandu Nepal . It clearly shows the antagonism between two discs. Read More
This is a picture of the Christmas tree in the University of Colorado Hospital Microbiology Department.
The tree is adorned with homemade culture plate ornaments (one for each staff member) and topped with a stuffed Staphylococcus aureus microbe. Read More
Leukemia treatment - immune system T-cells (center) binding to beads which cause the cells to divide
This microscopy image provided by Dr. Carl June, shows immune system T-cells, center, binding to beads which cause the cells to divide. The beads, depicted in yellow, are later removed, leaving pure T-cells which are then ready for infusion to the cancer patients. Scientists are reporting the fi... Read More
Physarum polycephalum, slime mold, grown in a large perti plate on moist paper towels using oatmeal as the food source. Culture was grown in the dark at room temperature. The paper towel was moistened every day with tap water. After 3 week's the culture formed sporangia (fruiting bodies). Image ... Read More
Trichophyton mentagrophytes colony on Sabouraud's agar (1.54) Read More
Actin (purple), microtubules (yellow), and nuclei (green) are labeled in these cells by immunofluorescence. This image won first place in the Nikon 2003 Small World photo competition.
Torsten Wittmann, Scripps Research Institute Read More

subset: commoncrawl


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Native Plants
Q. Who is Mr. Smarty Plants?
A: There are those who suspect Wildflower Center volunteers are the culpable and capable culprits. Yet, others think staff members play some, albeit small, role. You can torture us with your plant questions, but we will never reveal the Green Guru's secret identity.
Did you know you can access the Native Plant Information Network with your web-enabled smartphone?
Ask Mr. Smarty Plants is a free service provided by the staff and volunteers at the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center.
Need help with plant identification, visit the plant identification page.
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Saturday - July 21, 2007
From: Springfield, MO
Region: Midwest
Topic: Wildflowers
Title: Wildflowers for September wedding in Missouri
Answered by: Nan Hampton
QUESTION:I am interested in having wildflowers in my wedding in late September. Although the wedding is in the early fall I wanted to have dandelions but I was informed that they are not long lasting enough for a wedding. Any suggestions?
ANSWER:Mr. Smarty Plants assumes your wedding is going to be in Missouri in September. You can find out what wildflowers will be in bloom in Missouri by doing a Combination Search in our Native Plants Database by choosing "Missouri" from Select State or Province and September and October (since your wedding will be in late September) from Bloom Characteristics: Time.
Here are a few suggestions for you from Mr. Smarty Plants:
Conoclinium coelestinum (blue mistflower)
Coreopsis tinctoria var. tinctoria (golden tickseed)
Erigeron annuus (eastern daisy fleabane)
Glandularia bipinnatifida var. bipinnatifida (Dakota mock vervain)
Helianthus maximiliani (Maximilian sunflower)
Liatris mucronata (cusp blazing star)
Ratibida columnifera (upright prairie coneflower)
Salvia azurea (azure blue sage)
Solidago altissima (late goldenrod)
Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (New England aster)
Thelesperma filifolium var. filifolium (stiff greenthread)
More Wildflowers Questions
What about the Bluebonnets at Muleshoe Bend Recreational Area in Spicewood, TX ?
April 27, 2015 - We had heard about vast field of bluebonnets out at Muleshoe Bend Recreation Area - an LCRA park in Spicewood. We went out today and there are indeed vast fields . . . all where Lake Travis would be ...
view the full question and answer
Wildflower seeding for hurricane-damaged areas of New Orleans
January 05, 2007 - I need some information. I am going to be traveling to New Orleans in two weeks to visit a relative. They are in an area that was decimated by the hurricane. Though they have rebuilt the neighborho...
view the full question and answer
Flowers for monarch butterflies in Bastrop, Gonzales and Travis Counties of Texas
March 05, 2013 - Hi Mr./s. Smarty Plants, What are some flowers that grow naturally on a Bastrop, Travis, or Gonzales county riverside that monarch butterflies commonly feed on? Thank you
view the full question and answer
Native plants for an outdoor wedding in New York
February 06, 2009 - I am planning an outdoor wedding in New Rochelle, NY in May. We would like to use native plants. Can you suggests some that we can use in the bouquets and as potted plants? Thanks
view the full question and answer
Favorite Wildflower
July 31, 2011 - Dear Green Guru - What are your favorite wildflowers? Signed Curious
view the full question and answer
|Support the Wildflower Center by Donating Online or Becoming a Member today.
Mr. Smarty Plants wants you to be his Facebook friend. Click the Facebook icon to add yourself to Mr. Smarty Plants list of friends.


text:
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Best vintage finds of the week
Vintage shopping has long been the go-to for fashionistas on a budget. Whether it be eBay or Etsy, shopping online for pieces from decades past can be exciting, but it can also be time consuming. Here, we have helped you by selecting some of this week's best vintage picks - from a 1970s printed Pucci dress for women to a 1980s trench coat for $78 for men. -- By Matthew T. Murray
Newsday.com now uses Facebook for our comment boards. Please read our guidelines and connect your Facebook account to comment.
High school homecomings on Long Island Breast cancer walk, more fun things to do this week on LI LI high school homecomings: Then and now Long Island and New York City's top photos Mattituck vs. Southampton X-Team: Huntington Fall Festival Oyster Bay High School Homecoming Meet LI's homecoming kings and queens Meet Long Island's high school mascots 62 signs you're from Suffolk 31 weird laws on Long Island LI's cheerleading and kickline teams


text: Syed Hassan Amin wrote: > Dear friends, > I have got hundreds of image files in a folder , I > want to read all of them , one by one without having > to specify their names in my source files. Are there > any such disk I/O commands in VXL , that support this > sort of task. vul_file_iterator. See http://paine.wiau.man.ac.uk/pub/doc_vxl/core/vul/html/classvul__file__iterator.html for more details. Ian.


text:
AMMAN Forces loyal to Syrian President Bashar al-Assad fought army deserters on Tuesday at a roadblock on the edge of the northwestern town of Maarat al-Numaan, residents and activists said.
Maarat al-Numaan, is sheltering soldiers who defected during a military assault in the central province of Homs -- one of the largest offensives against a seven-month-old popular uprising and a nascent armed insurgency.
"A firefight broke out in the early afternoon at the large barrier which is manned by soldiers and military intelligence personnel. Tanks are also deployed there," a local resident, who gave his name as Raed, said by telephone.
He said the roadblock was attacked in response to a military operation overnight against defectors sheltering around a chicken factory at the outskirts of Maarat al-Numaan.
The town is located in an agricultural area on the main northern highway, 100 km (60 miles) north of the city of Homs and 70 km from Syria's main commercial hub of Aleppo.
Maarat al-Numaan, a key town in the Roman and Islamic era, was a hotbed of resistance to Assad's father, the late President Hafez al-Assad, in the 1980s when his forces crushed Islamist and leftist challenges to his rule, killing tens of thousands.
(Reporting by Khaled Yacoub Oweis, Amman newsroom; Editing by Mark Heinrich)
Trending On Reuters
Nobel Prizes 2015
Belarusian Svetlana Alexievich wins Nobel Prize for Literature
Belarusian author Svetlana Alexievich has won the Nobel Prize for Literature "for her polyphonic writings, a monument to suffering and courage in our time," the Swedish Academy said on Thursday in awarding the 8 million crown ($972,000) prize. Full Article
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Download the Reuters app from Google Play and select the India edition for breaking news, analysis and market updates. | Learn More


text:
Judge refuses to recuse from hearing Naroda Gaam riot case
Ahmedabad: The judge, who is hearing the Naroda Gaam riot case of 2002, on Friday rejected an application seeking that she should recuse herself from the trial.
Designated Judge Jyotsna Yagnik, who had earlier presided over the Naroda Patiya massacre trial, today rejected the application of former Gujarat minister Maya Kodnani and others.
Kodnani, Babu Bajrangi and Kishan Korani, accused in the present case along with 79 others, had said Yagnik should not preside over Naroda Gaam case because she had convicted them in the Naroda Patiya case and they would not get a fair trial as "preconceived disposition" would come into play.
Yagnik had sentenced Kodnani and others to life imprisonment in Naroda Patiya case. On November 30, 2011, the Chief Justice of Gujarat High appointed her as a judge for Naroda Gaam case.
During post-Godhra riots of 2002, 11 people of the minority community were killed in Naroda Gaam area here. The Supreme Court had in 2008 appointed Special Investigation Team to probe it.
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text:
CodeWeavers Announces Game Support in Crossover
CodeWeavers, Inc. today announced its development and product roadmap for CrossOver Office. With the debut of Version 5.0 next month and Version 6.0 later this year, CodeWeavers will enable increasing numbers of popular Windows applications, including games, utilities, and the most critical workplace applications, to operate cleanly on Linux desktops.
In addition, due to Apple Computer's recent announcement that it will be moving to Intel x86 chips for its Macintosh PC products next year, CodeWeavers looks forward to making CrossOver Office available for Windows-to-Mac application porting in 2006.
CodeWeavers is the primary corporate backer of The Wine Project, the well-known open source initiative to re-implement the Win32 API under Unix. CrossOver Office, built on Wine and packaged for enterprise and individual use, has made a significant impact on Linux desktop deployment for millions of users around the world.
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Data indicates that Android picked up global market share from iOS last month
Tracking mobile web traffic, NetMarketShare computes the market share for mobile operating systems. Based on the data from last month, Android was able to widen its gap over iOS globally. Considering that the Apple iPhone 6s and Apple iPhone 6s Plus weren't launched until September 25th, the recently released phones accounted for a miniscule part of the data. The new models won't have a major effect on the results until the figures for this month are released.
RapidDisk / RapidCache 3.4 now available.RapidDisk is an advanced Linux RAM Disk which consists of a collection of modules and an administration tool. Features include: Dynamically allocate RAM as block device. Use them as stand alone disk drives or even map them as caching nodes to slower local disk drives. I pushed 3.4 into the mainline earlier this morning. Changes include:


text:
Salem, VAUSA
Hometown: Salem
May 8, 2012
Nikon D600 and D7000
Hi Everyone, I live in Salem, Va. but work in Roanoke.I have heard a lot of nice things about Exposure Roanoke. I enjoy taking all kinds of photos. Looking forward to meeting everyone.
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We are thrilled to have Jamie on our US board as she brings her expertise and skills to our organization! Jamie currently consults for the World Bank in Washington D.C. 879 more words
Tags » Inspirational Women
A Bit of Inspiration III: BronzeGoddess01
Today I want to talk to you about another inspirational woman, BronzeGoddess01. She is a Christian Life Coach, YouTuber, motivational speaker, an advocate for empowering women and published her… 740 more words
The Yellow Sun Has Risen
I hung upside down from the branch of self pity
Buried my troubles deep within my old warped cocoon
And quietly reflected upon my past mistakes… 165 more words
Illustrator Alison Oliver
I was thrilled when the wonderfully talented Alison Oliver agreed to speak with me last month, anyone who has seen her strikingly adorable work with… 930 more words
IWW: Clara Barton
I love Clara Barton. I wrote a paper on her in middle school, and ever since I have thought that she was so cool.
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"I may be compelled to face danger, but never feat it, and while our soldiers can stand and fight, I can stand and feed and nurse them."
Dream It & Do It!
Following on from the great success of my first 'Dream It & Do It' event in Ariel House with Nicola Carolan (The Naked Blondie), I am delighted to announce that I am teaming up again with Nicola. 356 more words


text:
A look at several of the San Francisco Bay Area's companions of cool canines marked a not-so-typical Tuesday.
Click here if viewing on a mobile device
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TV Tonight: Ladies night -- 'Homeland,' 'Good Wife' and 'Madam Secretary' return
Plus, 'The Leftovers' changes settings but drama still follows.
(Alan Silfen/Sony via AP)
Will Smith making music again
'Suicide Squad' actor raps on Bomba Estereo's "Fiesta" remix.


text:
"The jaws of power are always open to devour, and her arm is always stretched out, if possible, to destroy the freedom of thinking, speaking, and writing." ~ John Adams
Attorneys: Obama's 'Secret' Cyber Security Law May Allow 'Military Deployment Within the U.S.'
"In their FOIA, EPIC attorneys Amie Stepanovich and Ginger McCall go even further, arguing that the directive is tantamount to the president issuing a 'secret law' that may enable 'military deployment within the United States' in order to vet network security at companies like AT&T, Facebook, Google and others."
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recommended by Barb M., Keyboard and Folk Music Specialist If you have several guitar students, or several mid-later… read moreOctober 7th
recommended by Rachel Steele and Jen Sper, School Choral Specialists If you haven't read our post about how we… read more
Stanton's has built a reputation as "The Sheet Music Specialists".
Can't attend one of our clinics? Visit Stanton's Virtual Workshop.
In just a few minutes you can have your favorite song printed and ready to play.
Online Service for Music Educators.
Title: Legend of The Christmas King
Voicing/Format: Accompaniment/Performance CD
Publisher: Daybreak
Composer: Schram, Ruth Elaine
Catalog #: 08744900 Price: $80.99


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SOURCE: Radio Free Europe
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Tatarstan: Kazan celebrates Its 1,000th Anniversary, 'Equilibrium Of Cultures'Breaking News
Celebrations marking the 1,000th anniversary of the capital of Kazan kick off today. Kazan, on the banks of the Volga River, is the capital of the mainly Muslim republic of Tatarstan, some 700 kilometers east of Moscow. The Tatars trace their lineage back to the Mongols who raced across Russia in the 12th and 13th centuries. In the 16th century, Kazan became part of the Russian Empire. But the city has worked hard to preserve its ancient cultural identity, which will be showcased during the festivities.
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- Conservative historian Arthur Herman slammed for saying Obama is highly submissive to Putin and other strong leaders
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Product AnnouncementsSupplier:
Deltrol Controls/Division of Deltrol Corp.
Typical applications:
- Coffee/espresso machines
- Vending equipment
- Ice maker equipment
- Water purification equipment
- Appliances
- General purpose relays (5-15 Amps)
- Power relays (15-50 Amps)
- Latching relays (5-10 Amps)
- Multiple contact configurations
- Multiple mounting options
- Custom designs available, including high current requirements
Deltrol Controls provide state-of-the-art coil assemblies to the fluid power industry. Our coils are primarily used on valve and manifold assemblies to operate hydraulic valves. We have developed technology to offer multiple termination options, high temperature ratings, and superior water ingress protection to meet a variety of IP ratings. (read more)
- Solenoid valve with flow rates adjustable between 0% and 100%
- Water flow rates up to 1.7 fl oz/sec
- Operating pressures up to 90 psi
- Ideal for beverage equipment applications
- Cost effective
Our engineers will work with your company to develop solenoid valves that perform better than off-the-shelf compromises. (read more)
Our 2-way pressure valves are available in normally open and normally closed constructions. In addition to traditional wet plunger designs, we also offer dry plunger designs to minimize corrosion build-up on the plunger that can reduce the life of the valve. (read more)
Deltrol Controls offers an extensive line of AC and DC linear solenoids. (read more)
Deltrol Controls manufactures hose sets and fittings for portable water applications such as coffee, vending, and ice maker equipment (read more)
Deltrol Controls Proportional Solenoid Valves are 2-way valves with flow rates adjustable between 0% and 100%. (read more)
Deltrol Controls has an extensive line of standard tubular solenoids, and the ability to design a custom solenoid for your specific application. (read more)
Contact Deltrol Controls to allow their engineering staff to customize a standard solenoid or magnetic latching solenoid, or design an entirely new solenoid unique to your application. (read more)
Deltrol Controls Water Inlet Valves are used to control the flow of water from a water source in the 5-145 psi pressure range. (read more)
Deltrol Controls floor scrubber valves are direct acting solenoid valves designed to control gravity fed water from a tank. They are ideal for floor scrubber applications because of their large passageways that reduce clogging, usage of chemically resistant materials, reliable operation, and cost-effectiveness. (read more)
Deltrol offers a line of magnetically latching solenoids with an internal permenent magnet for keeping the plunger retracted without power. (read more)
Deltrol Controls has released new coil options for their DSVP11 and DSVP12 liquid dispensing valves. The valves will now be available with Deutsch DT04-2P, DIN 43650 form A, lead wires, and spade terminals. Benefits include improved ingress protection, corrosion resistance, and reliability.
Liquid Dispensing Valves are 2-way, direct-acting valves used to control low-pressure water. (read more)
Direct-acting, gravity fed (0 to 3 psi) liquid dispensing valves, primarily designed to dispense water up to 210°F. (read more)
Deltrol Controls Relays control electrical loads in a wide variety of applications. (read more)
Deltrol Controls manufactures custom and standard coil assemblies designed for use with hydraulic, water, and gas valves. (read more)
Deltrol Controls is located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Deltrol Corp. For over 45 years, we have designed and manufactured solenoids, relays, valves, and custom assemblies for a variety of applications. (read more)


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How Airbnb Is Creating Wealth in Cuba
Airbnb's Cuba boost By the Cuba Journal staff The average state salary in Cuba is somewhere around $20 a month, although many on the island live on far less than that, according to figures from Cuba's national statistical office. And ... [ Read More ]
New Flights From Houston to Cuba
By the Cuba Journal staff Miami-based HavanaAir Charters is launching new weekly direct service between Houston and Havana, the company announced this week. HavanaAir will be operating the service with air carrier partner Eastern Air Lines Group. "We are very pleased ... [ Read More ]
Sunwing Adding Another Cuba Flight
By Dana NilandCJ Contributor Sunwing Vacations has announced the addition of a new direct flight from Sudbury, Ontario to Cayo Santa Maria, Cuba beginning on Dec. 24. The weekly Thursday flight will operate from December 24, 2015 to March 24, ... [ Read More ]
JetBlue Airways Launches New Flights Between New York and Havana
Above: Havana By Dana NilandCJ Contributor JetBlue Airways has officially launched its first-ever service between New York and Havana. The company began the first of its weekly charter flights from New York's John F Kennedy International Airport to Havana's José ... [ Read More ]
This Top Cruise Line Is Adding a Homeport in Havana
Above: Havana By the Cuba Journal staff A major cruise line is adding a new homeport in Havana. MSC Cruises, the world's largest privately-owned global cruise line, will begin homeporting its MSC Opera in Havana in December. The 2,120-guest-ship ... [ Read More ]
Apple Vacations Launching People-to-People Tours in Cuba
Above: Cuba By Dana NilandCJ Contributor Apple Vacations is launching a new People-to-People Educational programme featuring two different tours to Cuba. The tours, which will launch July 9, will give travelers the opportunity to "immerse" themselves in Cuban culture through ... [ Read More ]
Cuban Cigars: This is the Film to Watch
By the Caribbean Journal It's one of the most sought-after luxury products in the world: the Cuban cigar. But due to the decades-long freeze between the United States and Cuba, cigars have remained a seductive mystery to millions. The recent rapprochement ... [ Read More ]
This Company Is Planning to Open Its 28th Hotel in Cuba
Above: the recent signing ceremony for the new property By the Caribbean Journal staff Spanish hotel giant Melia is expanding in Cuba. The company announced this week that it would be developing a new resort in the Varadero area. The ... [ Read More ]
United States, Cuba Set to Resume Talks on Reopening Embassies
Above: Assistant Secretary of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs Roberta Jacobson By the Caribbean Journal staff The United States and Cuba will be resuming their high-level bilateral talks next week on re-establishing diplomatic ties and reopening embassies, the State Department ... [ Read More ]
Cuba's Raul Castro, Pope Francis Hold Talks in Vatican City
Above: the meeting in the Vatican City By the Caribbean Journal staff Cuba President Raul Castro and Pope Francis met privately in the Vatican City early Sunday morning. According to a note from the press office of the Holy See, ... [ Read More ]
Cuba's Raul Castro Visits Russia
Above: the meeting in Moscow By the Caribbean Journal staff Cuba President Raul Castro visited Russia's capital, Moscow, this week. The trip included a meeting with Russian Prime Minister Dimitri Medvedev,. Castro was on hand for the 70th anniversary celebration ... [ Read More ]
US Government Approves Ferry Service From Florida to Cuba
Above: Havana, Cuba By the Caribbean Journal staff In a major step, the United States has begun approving licenses for a number of ferry companies to operate services between the United States and Cuba. While a number of hurdles remain, from ... [ Read More ]
InselAir Launching Havana Flights
Above: Cuba By the Caribbean Journal staff Dutch Caribbean airline InselAir is adding a brand-new destination: Havana, Cuba. The carrier announced the move this week; the flights will begin out of Curacao on July 3. (The service includes connections from ... [ Read More ]
Sunwing Keeps Adding Cuba Flights
Above: Memories Holguin By the Caribbean Journal staff Sunwing's Cuba expansion continues to gain steam. The Canadian vacation giant has added a series of new flights to Cuba, the company announced this week. The company announced that it would be ... [ Read More ]
JetBlue President Visits Cuba With New York State Trade Mission
Above: JetBlue CEO Robin Hayes and New York State Governor Andrew Cuomo boarding a JetBlue plane By the Caribbean Journal staff JetBlue President Robin Hayes visited Cuba this week as part of a trade mission led by New York State ... [ Read More ]


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Star Tracks
The True Blood twosome premiere the show's new season in L.A. Plus: Jennifer Aniston, Kristen & Taylor and more
Credit: Amanda Schwab/Startraks
Published: Wednesday Jun 22, 2011 | 05:00 PM EDT
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A BART strike sent San Francisco Bay area commuters scrambling to find other transportation Friday. Here are just a few of the folks who were not happy about it.
(Photo by Jordan Strauss/Invision/AP, File)
Nicki Minaj rips Miley Cyrus and interviewer
'Anaconda' rapper says Miley Cyrus needs to embrace more about black culture, then prematurely ends New York Times interview.


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Jasolater wrote:Yeah they're not showing up in my inbox for some reason.
But isn't this Primeultimus's thread?
Seibertron.com - The Ultimate Transformers Fansite
Jasolater wrote:Yeah they're not showing up in my inbox for some reason.
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text:
1876 10C MS66 PCGS....Click the image to load the highest resolution version.
Description1876 10C MS66 PCGS. Lovely golden-orange border toning gives way to pale pearl-gray centers. Well-defined with equal elements of satin and frost in the elegant luster. Conditionally scarce this fine despite an ample mintage. Population: 16 in 66, 3 finer (10/10).(Registry values: N1793) (NGC ID# 23CZ, PCGS# 4679)
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|By Marketwired .
Article Rating:
|December 25, 2012 12:02 PM EST
OTTAWA, ONTARIO -- (Marketwire) -- 12/25/12 -- Giant Tiger is helping you ring in the New Year in style and on budget with our Giant Fashion Boxing Weekend Blowouts! Ladies pick up basic or fashion bras for only $5. Junior fit cotton/ spandex tees or tanks are only $3. Ladies dress pants are an amazing $8 (compared at $29.99). Ladies Cheekies are only $1 each. Men's fleece popovers are $8 and men's collegiate fleece popovers are $12 (compared at $30). Men's or ladies winter hats are only $3.
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This flyer ends December 31, 2012. Go to www.gianttiger.com to check out our flyer online!
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About Giant Tiger:
Giant Tiger is the leading Canadian owned family discount store, providing on trend family fashions, groceries, and everyday needs at low prices that Canadians have come to love and expect. Established in 1961 in Ottawa's Byward Market, the privately held company has grown to over 200 locations across Canada and employs over 7,000 team members. The friendly local stores with the iconic yellow tiger logo are more than an affordable and convenient shopping experience for customers, they help bring communities together. Giant Tiger has a long-standing tradition of supporting surrounding communities. In 2011, Giant Tiger donated more than $2 million to more than 700 local associations across Canada. For more information about the company, please visit www.gianttiger.com or join us on Facebook at www.facebook.com/gianttiger or follow us on Twitter @GTboutique.
Because Every Day is Canada Day with Giant Tiger. #CanadaProud
For media inquiries contact:
Janie Aker, Manager
Public Relations and Community Activation
[email protected]
The Internet of Things (IoT) is growing rapidly by extending current technologies, products and networks. By 2020, Cisco estimates there will be 50 billion connected devices. Gartner has forecast revenues of over $300 billion, just to IoT suppliers. Now is the time to figure out how you'll make money – not just create innovative products. With hundreds of new products and companies jumping into the IoT fray every month, there's no shortage of innovation. Despite this, McKinsey/VisionMobile data...
Oct. 8, 2015 01:15 PM EDT
Containers are changing the security landscape for software development and deployment. As with any security solutions, security approaches that work for developers, operations personnel and security professionals is a requirement. In his session at @DevOpsSummit, Kevin Gilpin, CTO and Co-Founder of Conjur, will discuss various security considerations for container-based infrastructure and related DevOps workflows.
Oct. 8, 2015 01:15 PM EDT Reads: 161
Any Ops team trying to support a company in today's cloud-connected world knows that a new way of thinking is required – one just as dramatic than the shift from Ops to DevOps. The diversity of modern operations requires teams to focus their impact on breadth vs. depth. In his session at DevOps Summit, Adam Serediuk, Director of Operations at xMatters, Inc., will discuss the strategic requirements of evolving from Ops to DevOps, and why modern Operations has begun leveraging the "NoOps" approa...
Oct. 8, 2015 01:00 PM EDT
The web app is agile. The REST API is agile. The testing and planning are agile. But alas, data infrastructures certainly are not. Once an application matures, changing the shape or indexing scheme of data often forces at best a top down planning exercise and at worst includes schema changes that force downtime. The time has come for a new approach that fundamentally advances the agility of distributed data infrastructures. Come learn about a new solution to the problems faced by software organ...
Oct. 8, 2015 01:00 PM EDT Reads: 770
NHK, Japan Broadcasting, will feature the upcoming @ThingsExpo Silicon Valley in a special 'Internet of Things' and smart technology documentary that will be filmed on the expo floor between November 3 to 5, 2015, in Santa Clara. NHK is the sole public TV network in Japan equivalent to the BBC in the UK and the largest in Asia with many award-winning science and technology programs. Japanese TV is producing a documentary about IoT and Smart technology and will be covering @ThingsExpo Silicon Val...
Oct. 8, 2015 01:00 PM EDT Reads: 250
Organizations already struggle with the simple collection of data resulting from the proliferation of IoT, lacking the right infrastructure to manage it. They can't only rely on the cloud to collect and utilize this data because many applications still require dedicated infrastructure for security, redundancy, performance, etc. In his session at 17th Cloud Expo, Emil Sayegh, CEO of Codero Hosting, will discuss how in order to resolve the inherent issues, companies need to combine dedicated a...
Oct. 8, 2015 01:00 PM EDT Reads: 469
SYS-CON Events announced today that ProfitBricks, the provider of painless cloud infrastructure, will exhibit at SYS-CON's 17th International Cloud Expo®, which will take place on November 3–5, 2015, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA. ProfitBricks is the IaaS provider that offers a painless cloud experience for all IT users, with no learning curve. ProfitBricks boasts flexible cloud servers and networking, an integrated Data Center Designer tool for visual control over the...
Oct. 8, 2015 01:00 PM EDT Reads: 756
In their session at DevOps Summit, Asaf Yigal, co-founder and the VP of Product at Logz.io, and Tomer Levy, co-founder and CEO of Logz.io, will explore the entire process that they have undergone – through research, benchmarking, implementation, optimization, and customer success – in developing a processing engine that can handle petabytes of data. They will also discuss the requirements of such an engine in terms of scalability, resilience, security, and availability along with how the archi...
Oct. 8, 2015 01:00 PM EDT Reads: 358
DevOps has often been described in terms of CAMS: Culture, Automation, Measuring, Sharing. While we've seen a lot of focus on the "A" and even on the "M", there are very few examples of why the "C" is equally important in the DevOps equation. In her session at @DevOps Summit, Lori MacVittie, of F5 Networks, will explore HTTP/1 and HTTP/2 along with Microservices to illustrate why a collaborative culture between Dev, Ops, and the Network is critical to ensuring success.
Oct. 8, 2015 12:45 PM EDT
Apps and devices shouldn't stop working when there's limited or no network connectivity. Learn how to bring data stored in a cloud database to the edge of the network (and back again) whenever an Internet connection is available. In his session at 17th Cloud Expo, Bradley Holt, Developer Advocate at IBM Cloud Data Services, will demonstrate techniques for replicating cloud databases with devices in order to build offline-first mobile or Internet of Things (IoT) apps that can provide a better, ...
Oct. 8, 2015 12:45 PM EDT Reads: 504
IT data is typically silo'd by the various tools in place. Unifying all the log, metric and event data in one analytics platform stops finger pointing and provides the end-to-end correlation. Logs, metrics and custom event data can be joined to tell the holistic story of your software and operations. For example, users can correlate code deploys to system performance to application error codes.
Oct. 8, 2015 12:45 PM EDT Reads: 165
In his session at DevOps Summit, Bryan Cantrill, CTO at Joyent, will demonstrate a third path: containers on multi-tenant bare metal that maximizes performance, security, and networking connectivity.
Oct. 8, 2015 12:30 PM EDT
Containers are revolutionizing the way we deploy and maintain our infrastructures, but monitoring and troubleshooting in a containerized environment can still be painful and impractical. Understanding even basic resource usage is difficult - let alone tracking network connections or malicious activity. In his session at DevOps Summit, Gianluca Borello, Sr. Software Engineer at Sysdig, will cover the current state of the art for container monitoring and visibility, including pros / cons and li...
Oct. 8, 2015 12:30 PM EDT Reads: 141
As-a-service models offer huge opportunities, but also complicate security. It may seem that the easiest way to migrate to a new architectural model is to let others, experts in their field, do the work. This has given rise to many as-a-service models throughout the industry and across the entire technology stack, from software to infrastructure. While this has unlocked huge opportunities to accelerate the deployment of new capabilities or increase economic efficiencies within an organization, i...
Oct. 8, 2015 12:15 PM EDT Reads: 211
WebRTC is about the data channel as much as about video and audio conferencing. However, basically all commercial WebRTC applications have been built with a focus on audio and video. The handling of "data" has been limited to text chat and file download – all other data sharing seems to end with screensharing. What is holding back a more intensive use of peer-to-peer data? In her session at @ThingsExpo, Dr Silvia Pfeiffer, WebRTC Applications Team Lead at National ICT Australia, will look at di...
Oct. 8, 2015 12:00 PM EDT Reads: 597