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Click the above image to enlarge it Earlier today, the draw was released (thanks to @snookerthailand.net) for the upcoming SangSom 6 Red World Championship, as Stephen Maguire returns to Bangkok to defend the title that he on six months ago.
Tag Archive: Marco Fu
Apr 16 2015
The Big 2015 World Championship Preview With Neal Foulds
Following eight days of qualifying and months of anticipation, the draw for the 2015 World Championship is now known and as was the case last year, former world number 3 and leading snooker analyst Neal Foulds has taken time out to cast his eye through the opening round ties and pick his players to watch …
Jan 15 2015
Masters 2015: Last 16 Wrap
Jan 11 2015
Fu Joins Masters Maximum Club
Dec 07 2014
Draw Made For 2015 Masters
During the mid-session interval of this afternoon's UK Championship final between Ronnie O'Sullivan and Judd Trump, the draw was made for the first round of this season's Dafabet Masters, with defending champion O'Sullivan drawn against Ricky Walden, while the stand out tie of the round is that between Mark Selby and Shaun Murphy…
Nov 22 2014
UK Championship 2014: Tournament Preview
Following a weekend in Germany for the Ruhr Open, the snooker circus heads to York on Tuesday for the start of the second most prestigious ranking event on the calendar, the UK Championship in York. Click below for my thoughts on the tournament in general, as well as the shape of the draw and confirmation …
Nov 02 2014
Champion of Champions 2014: Tournament Preview
Oct 12 2014
Carter Set To Return At General Cup
Although this week will not see the return of ranking event snooker following the postponement of the Indian Open, there will be action for a few of the professionals at least, as the General Cup is staged in Hong Kong for the sixth time. While there is a strong line-up across the board, clearly the …


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Benefits Legislation & Regulation
Court denies religious groups seeking 'contraceptive mandate' opt-out
By: Matt Dunning
Published August 07, 2015 - 3:08pm CST
Religious charities and schools seeking an outright exemption to the health care reform law's so-called prescription "contraceptive mandate" were denied again on Friday in federal court.
Delaware forgoes state-run health insurance exchange
By: Jerry Geisel
Published August 07, 2015 - 12:40pm CST
Delaware state officials have disclosed that the state will not set up a health insurance exchange, with eligible state residents continuing to receive coverage through the federal exchange.
Bill passed to aid Chicago Public Schools with pension fund
By: Meaghan Kilroy, Pensions & Investments
Published August 06, 2015 - 10:02am CST
The Illinois Senate passed a bill that would modify the way payments are made to the $10.2 billion Chicago Public School Teachers' Pension & Retirement Fund.
Alliance takes on 'Cadillac' tax
By: Jerry Geisel
Published August 02, 2015 - 6:00am CST
Employers, insurers, trade associations and unions that have formed an alliance to convince lawmakers to repeal the health care reform law's 40% excise tax on costly health plans face an uncertain future in Congress.
Census Bureau to release uninsured report Sept. 16
By: Jerry Geisel
Published July 31, 2015 - 9:13am CST
The U.S. Census Bureau in mid-September will release its annual report on the number of people in the United States without health insurance, with attention expected to be focused on how much the health care reform law has expanded coverage.
Michigan Supreme Court upholds 2011 pension reforms
By: Christine Williamson, Pensions & Investments
Published July 30, 2015 - 2:31pm CST
In a 4-3 ruling in Lansing, Michigan, on Wednesday, state Supreme Court justices said pension reforms made by the 2011 amendment to the State Employees Retirement Act were constitutional, overturning the decision of a state court of appeals.
Equality Act seeks to codify LGBT rights, protections nationwide
By: Shelby Livingston
Published July 27, 2015 - 3:17pm CST
A new federal civil rights bill banning discrimination against lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender individuals could have big implications for employers.
Senate rebuffs GOP's latest health reform repeal effort
By: Jerry Geisel
Published July 27, 2015 - 11:30am CST
The latest Republican-led effort to repeal the health care reform law ended in defeat Sunday when the Senate turned back a repeal amendment by Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky.
PBGC looks to reduce reporting waivers for large plans
By: Hazel Bradford, Pensions & Investments
Published July 24, 2015 - 3:52pm CST
Fewer large defined benefit plan sponsors will be able to skip Section 4010 reporting under a rule change the PBGC will propose shortly.
Judge rules Chicago pension fix unconstitutional
By: Rob Kozlowski, Pensions & Investments
Published July 24, 2015 - 2:48pm CST
A Cook County, Illinois, circuit court judge ruled unconstitutional a pension reform law that took effect on Jan. 1 aimed at improving the funding of Chicago's pension funds for laborers and municipal workers.
Senate panel approves hike in mass transit pretax contribution limit
By: Jerry Geisel
Published July 23, 2015 - 12:57pm CST
Employees would be able to make up to $250 a month in pretax contributions to pay for mass transit expenses through the end of 2016 under legislation approved by the Senate Finance Committee.
Drug monitoring programs offer step toward limiting opioid abuse
By: Stephanie Goldberg
Published July 23, 2015 - 10:40am CST
At least 10 states require health care providers to access a prescription drug monitoring program before prescribing opioids, but workers compensation payers in all states should request providers do so to curb overprescribing.
Fiduciary proposal comment period ends with flurry of opposing viewpoints
By: Hazel Bradford, Pensions & Investments
Published July 22, 2015 - 12:18pm CST
Comment letters on the U.S. Department of Labor's proposed fiduciary rule poured in Tuesday, the last day of the comment period, with many groups representing retirement plan investment and service providers warning that while they support a standard that protects clients' best interests, new rules to ensure that in specific situations would be unworkable.
Senate to consider surplus pension asset transfer bill
By: Jerry Geisel
Published July 22, 2015 - 9:38am CST
Following the lead of the House of Representatives, the Senate this week is expected to consider highway funding legislation that includes a provision that would extend by four years a federal law that allows employers to remove surplus assets from overfunded pension plans to pay for retiree health care benefits.
Business groups urge amendments to health reform law
By: Jerry Geisel
Published July 21, 2015 - 2:48pm CST
Two dozen business groups are urging federal lawmakers to work together to pass legislation to ease the cost and compliance burdens of the health care reform law.
DOL leads firms to evaluate independent contractors
By: Judy Greenwald
Published July 21, 2015 - 10:51am CST
Employers are being advised to re-examine how they classify workers as either employees or independent contractors, in light of guidance on the issue released by the U.S. Department of Labor last week.
Senate to hold confirmation hearing for PBGC nominee
By: Jerry Geisel
Published July 21, 2015 - 10:05am CST
The Senate Finance Committee will hold a confirmation hearing Thursday on W. Thomas Reeder Jr., health care counsel at the Internal Revenue Service, who was nominated by President Barack Obama in May to be director of the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corp.
Repeal of health reform law through reconciliation looms for GOP
By: Bob Herman, Modern Healthcare
Published July 20, 2015 - 8:46am CST
Congressional Republicans face a loose deadline next Friday to enact a procedure that would set up repeal of the Affordable Care Act, but the process is more likely to play out as political theater than as a threat to the health care law.
Federal health exchange enrollees have fewer provider options
By: Steven Ross Johnson, Modern Healthcare
Published July 17, 2015 - 1:40pm CST
People who purchased insurance through the Affordable Care Act's marketplace had one-third fewer choices in health care providers than those covered by employer plans, according to a new analysis.
New lobbying group to grease wheels for Cadillac tax repeal
By: Bob Herman, Modern Healthcare
Published July 16, 2015 - 11:21am CST
Big businesses and unions, traditionally foes at the bargaining table, have both voiced disdain for the health care reform law's "Cadillac" tax on generous health plans. Now, they plan on turning up the heat to repeal it.
Wal-Mart sued over denying health insurance to gay worker's wife
Published July 14, 2015 - 10:42am CST
(Reuters) — A Wal-Mart Stores Inc. employee sued the retailer on Tuesday, saying its prior policy of denying health insurance benefits to the spouses of gay employees violated gender discrimination laws.
Clarity on state-run private-sector retirement savings coming by year-end
By: Hazel Bradford, Pensions & Investments
Published July 14, 2015 - 9:38am CST
States interested in creating their own programs for private-sector retirement savings will have further guidance from the U.S. Department of Labor by the end of the year, President Barack Obama said Monday at a White House conference on aging.
Former Lehman chief defeats employee lawsuit over retirement losses
Published July 10, 2015 - 4:44pm CST
(Reuters) — A federal judge on Friday dismissed a lawsuit by former Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. employees seeking to hold onetime CEO Richard Fuld liable for their retirement plan losses as the Wall Street bank plunged into its 2008 bankruptcy.
Prescription contraceptive coverage rules finalized
By: Jerry Geisel
Published July 10, 2015 - 1:05pm CST
The Obama administration Friday finalized proposed rules to enable employees of nonprofit religiously affiliated organizations and closely held private corporations to obtain coverage for prescription contraceptives, even if their employers object.
Medical device tax makes Democrats choose between party, constituents
By: Virgil Dickson, Modern Healthcare
Published July 10, 2015 - 8:53am CST
Democratic lawmakers are questioning whether they should heed constituent concerns or remain loyal to their party as they decide the fate of the medical device tax outlined in the Affordable Care Act.


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AboutAëdle Journal is a blog about us, our products and stuff we simply want to share or talk about. Aëdle is a Paris based company specialized in the manufacturing of high-end headphones.
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Archives de catégorie : AEDLE
aëdle VK-1 won Red Dot design award 2015
Just a year after being awarded with the french Etoile de l'Observeur du design 2014 prize, aëdle is very proud of receiving for the VK-1 headphones the Red Dot design award 2015. Founded sixty years ago in Germany, its jury … Continuer la lecture
The review from LesNumeriques – the French n°1 website and paper magazine specialized in reviewing and testing high tech products – just came out yesterday and the VK-1 was awarded the best grade, 5 stars out of 5. Here is … Continuer la lecture
Aëdle first Boutique is now Open
Yesterday, Aëdle finally opened its first boutique in the very fashionable district of Paris, Le Marais. We held a press event for the inauguration of our showroom during which we met with many French journalists over German Beers and Jägermeifter … Continuer la lecture
Aëdle will open its first Store & Showroom in Paris Le Marais district – September 18th
Aëdle Store – Paris Le Marais – 18 rue Charlot – Coming soon – September 18th We are very glad to announce that we will open our very first store in Paris. The first Aëdle boutique and showroom in the … Continuer la lecture
Aëdle will attend IFA MESSE in Berlin – September
Aëdle will attend the 2013 edition of IFA show in Berlin. The IFA is considered as the world's second major consumer electronic product show after the CES of Las Vegas. Hall 1.2, Booth #115, 6 to 11 September. If you … Continuer la lecture
AËDLE at the Tokyo Headphone Festival
There are some great things about starting a hardware venture. Let alone the product itself, one of those is that you have to physically promote and export your product abroad. It's very exciting, especially when this concerns far lands, exotic … Continuer la lecture
In GQ France In VOGUE UOMO ITALY (ITW of Raphaël & Baptiste / People section) In ESQUIRE UK Magazine (TOP 50 – Man Spring) In GQ UK (High-Tech Selection) In INTERSECTION FRANCE (May Issue)
Aëdle & Friends at Milan Design Week
Last week we went to Milan with our friends: David from Ateliers Rosenblum and Kathia from FLOZ. It was the preview of a special project on whom we partnered together with Wallpaper* Magazine for their annual and prestigious Handmade exhibition. Here … Continuer la lecture
Meet Stéphanie de Lafforest, the first VK-1 owner
This morning I had a very important mission to accomplish. It was Stephanie's husband – Gregoire (http://www.gregoiredelafforest.com/) – birthday today. She was quite desperate to realize that FEDEX shipping being scheduled today at 2pm, her loved one would not have received his gift … Continuer la lecture
Gloobbi Interview / Co-founder Baptiste Sancho
Thanks to our friends from Gloobbi.com! The Founders: Baptiste Sancho from Gloobbi.com on Vimeo.
Publié dans AEDLE Marqué avec Baptiste Sancho, interview, office


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Apr 11, 1989
|Filing date
|Sep 4, 1986
|Priority date
|Sep 4, 1986
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Eugene P. Goldberg, A. Jayakrishnan
|Original Assignee
|University Of Florida
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (6), Non-Patent Citations (8), Referenced by (47), Classifications (16), Legal Events (7)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to novel viscoelastic viscosurgical materials and ophthalmic surgical techniques utilizing the materials.
2. Prior Art
In ophthalmic surgical procedures such as intraocular lens implantation, cataract surgery, retinal detachment repair, etc., there exists a need for viscous, gel-like compositions to fill the chambers of the eye to protect sensitive tissue such as the corneal endothelium from trauma. See U.S. Pat. No. 4,141,975; Pruett et al, Arch. Ophthalmol., 97:2325 (1979); Holmberg et al, Ophthalmology, 91:45 and 53 (1984); Pape et al, Ophthalmology, 87:669 (1980); MacRae et al, Am. J. Ophthalmol., 95:332 (1983); and Miller et al, Annals Ophthalmol., 13:811 (1981).
The most commonly employed materials are solutions of hyaluronic acid (HA), chondroitin sulfate (CS) and methylcellulose (MS). HA has been the most widely used and appears to owe its unusual rheological and viscoelastic solution properties to its polyanion polyelectrolyte molecular structure.
However, HA is extremely expensive. Furthermore, it requires extraordinary purification to remove as much proteinaceous immunogenic material as possible but still may provoke immune reactions in some patients. Its use is also often accompanied by significant undesirable intraocular pressure rise which necessitates washing HA from the eye at the end of surgery and may also require antiglaucoma therapy.
It has also been suggested to employ a solution of a relatively low molecular weight (i.e., 350,000) sodium carboxymethylcellulose as a "pseudovitreous fluid" in the posterior chamber [Wilhelmus et al, Annals of Ophthalmology, 16:350-352 (1984)]. In addition, Penkov et al [Oftalinol. Zh (USSR), 1984(4):215-217] discloses that 0.5% solutions of sodium carboxymethylcellulose may be used as a space filler in the eye.
It is an object of the present invention to provide improved ophthalmic viscoelastic surgical materials and ophthalmic surgical techniques embodying same which are not subject to the above-noted disadvantages.
The present invention embodies a composition particularly adapted for use as an ophthalmic viscosurgical material for use in the anterior chamber of the eye consisting essentially of an aqueous solution preferably having a near physiological pH and osmolarity and containing at least about 1.5%, by weight, of a water soluble physiologically acceptable derivative of carboxymethylcellulose having a molecular weight greater than 500,000 and a degree of substitution (DS) greater than about 0.4, the aqueous solution having a viscosity greater than about 10,000 centipoises.
The invention further embodies an improved ophthalmic viscosurgical procedure wherein the anterior chamber of the eye is filled with a space-filling corneal endothelium and ocular tissue protective surgical material, the improvement comprising the utilization of an ophthalmic surgical material having the above described composition.
The below-listed terms are employed throughout the specification and claims and they are defined as follows:
(1) "Viscoelastic" material refers to certain viscous solutions or compositions having the requisite viscous gel-like properties which enable their use to fill the anterior chamber of the eye.
(2) "Viscosurgical" material or technique refers to the viscoelastic surgical materials inserted in the eye or the surgical techniques employed to fill the anterior chamber of the eye during cataract, lens implant, etc., surgeries.
(3) "CMC" as used herein refers to any water soluble physiologically acceptable derivative, of carboxymethylcellulose, e.g., sodium carboxymethyl-cellulose.
(4) "Physiologically acceptable" is employed to refer to materials which, when in contact with tissues in the body, are not harmful thereto. For example, the term is used to define the media in which the CMC is dissolved to form the viscoelastic material. The term is intended in this context to define aqueous solutions which are approximately isomolar with the physiological environment of the eye. Generally such media have an osmolarity of the order of 250-300 and are buffered to maintain a pH of from about 7.0 to 7.5.
The present invention is predicated on the discovery that solutions of physiologically acceptable carboxymethylcellulose derivatives (CMC) having the molecular weight, DS, concentrations and viscosities set forth above are unexpectedly superior to solutions of CMC having properties outside these critical ranges when employed as ophthalmic viscosurgical materials in the anterior chamber of the eye both as a viscoelastic space filler and protector for the surrounding sensitive tissue therein during intraocular surgery.
Wilhelmus, supra, discloses the use of CMC as a pseudo-vitreous material and suggests its applicability as a bioacceptable vitreous replacement. However, because of the very different physiological environment of the anterior chamber (A.C.) as compared with the vitreous posterior chamber, those skilled in the art would not conclude from the disclosure of Wilhelmus that CMC would be acceptable in the A.C. Wilhelmus, moreover, does not suggest that CMC might be used as a tissue protector in cataract surgery, etc. The A.C. is a different, more reactive physiological environment than the posterior chamber (P.C.) from the standpoint of biocompatibility. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration, for example, recognizes this important difference in that it requires that implant materials for use in the A.C. be tested in the A.C. and similarly that P.C. implants require P.C. evaluation. Acceptable biocompatibility in the P.C., therefore, does not imply safe use and effectiveness for A.C. applications.
The use by Wilhelmus of a 350,000 molecule weight CMC in the P.C. is not suggestive of the critical importance in the use of a higher molecular weight material for a viscosurgical device material in the anterior chamber of the eye. It is critically essential to the present invention to use CMC having molecular weights substantially higher than 350,000 and a D.S. greater than about 0.4%.
The Penkov et al, supra, disclosure of 0.5% as an optimum concentration for solutions of CMC as a space-filler in the A.C. evidences the lack of realization by the authors of the requirements for CMC solutions when used in ophthalmic surgeries. It is critically essential to the invention to use CMC solutions having concentrations no lower than 1.5%, by weight, and viscosities no lower than about 10,000 centipoise in order to obtain the balance of properties required of a practical viscosurgical material in the A.C., i.e.:
(a) Readily injectable with non-Newtonian viscosity (shear thinning);
(b) Gel-like high viscosity at low shear (>10,000 cps) to insure no loss by leakage through wound opening and to enable gentle tissue manipulation;
(c) Lubricating and non-adhesive protection of endothelium, iris and other tissue from contact with the implant and instruments;
(d) Easily irrigated out of the A.C. after surgery;
(e) No significant inflammatory response or increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) with use; and
(f) Rapid clearance (<1 week) from the eye of residual material.
The compositions of the invention exhibit excellent shear dependent viscous properties, maintain the anterior chamber, and are easy to inject, manipulate and visualize. Tests have shown the material to be non-pyrogenic, non-toxic and non-immunogenic.
Carboxymethylcellulose is an anionic polysaccharide with the following typical repeat unit structure for a compound with a degree of substitution of 1.0 (one carboxymethyl group per anhydroglucose ring): ##STR1##
CMC, as the sodium salt, for example, is prepared by carboxymethylation of alkali cellulose with sodium monochloracetate. Anhydroglucose ring structures (β-glucopyranose residues) repeat in the polymer unit structure and are joined by 1,4-glucoside linkages. CMC (sodium salt) is commercially available as the sodium salt in various molecular weights and various degrees of substitution (carboxymethylation).
CMC is not a single, simple compound although the basic chemical structure of carboxymethylcellulose may be depicted as above. The degree of substitution (DS) may vary from below 0.4 carboxymethyl groups per anhydroglucose unit to a theoretical maximum of 3.0. Both DS and molecular weight are critical parameters in defining the viscoelastic properties of the CMC solutions for use in the anterior chamber of the eye. Generally, the higher the DS and the higher the molecular weight, the greater the viscosity of a solution of the CMC.
It is critical to the present invention that CMC having a MW greater than 500,000 and a DS greater than 0.4 be used. It is essential to use a high MW (greater than 500,000) and >0.4 DS to produce very viscous solutions (i.e., >10,000 cps) at low CMC concentrations (i.e. >1.5%, by weight) with suitable osmolarity for surgical applications (250-300 m osmolar). It is also preferred to employ a degree of substitution greater than 0.4. Although MW and DS may be varied as well as solution concentrations to produce various viscoelastic solution properties, CMC solutions of 2.2% to 4.2% were shown to perform excellently in intraocular implant surgery with good tissue protection and with little rise in intraocular pressure; prepared from a CMC having a MW of 700,000-900,000, DS ˜0.8 in sufficient saline buffer to adjust osmolarity and pH to a physiological level. A 2.2% CMC solution exhibited a viscosity of about 20,000 cps and anterior chamber injections of 0.1 ml in rabbit eyes showed no adverse behavior. Surgical intraocular lens implant trials in rabbits by several ophthalmic surgeons using solutions of 2.2 to 3.5% CMC of the above molecular weight and DS indicated excellent surgical properties comparable to commercial hyaluronic acid solutions.
A water soluble, physiologically acceptable derivative of carboxymethycellulose may be employed. It is preferred to employ salts of carboxymethylcellulose such as alkali metal salts, e.g., sodium carboxymethylcellulose, in the practice of the invention.
The CMC may be dissolved in any physiologically acceptable solution having a physiologically acceptable pH and osmolarity, such as saline or buffered saline.
It is essential that the CMC have a MW above about 500,000. There is no practical upper limit for the MW so long as the ultimate solution has the concentration of CMC and viscosity specified above.
The upper limit as to concentration will depend, of course, upon the MW and DS of the CMC and the necessity for a viscosity thereof greater than about 10,000 centipoises. Generally, an upper limit of about 5%, by weight, is practical. Preferably, concentrations of 2.0 to 4.5 weight % provide optimum results.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that by "ophthalmic surgical or surgery" is meant any intraocular surgery such as intraocular lens implantation, cataract surgery, corneal transplant surgery, glaucoma surgery, retinal detachment repair, etc. The composition of the invention is suitable for utilization in any of these ophthalmic surgical techniques.
An important advantage associated with the use of CMC is that, unlike hyaluronic acid or chondrotin sulfate, it is not derived from a proteinaceous source and has virtually no protein associated therewith. Accordingly, the use of CMC does not involve the danger of foreign protein induced immunogenic activity and does not require the extensive and costly purification procedures required for HA and COS.
It should be noted that purification of the CMC solution by filtration through filters as small as 0.2 micron has some effect upon reducing the apparent viscosity at a given concentration even though the molecular weight remains unchanged. This is apparently due to changes in the solution gel structure. Additionally, if sterilization is by autoclaving under typical autoclave conditions of 120� for 15 minutes there may be a reduction in solution viscosity. For example, a solution of 3.3% concentration and 75,000 cps viscosity may be used to achieve a nominal 45,000 cps viscosity after ultrafiltration and autoclave sterilization.
In several in vivo evaluations, a 4.2% solution of CMC (sodium salt, Hercules Co., 7H3SF) which yields a post-filtration and post-autoclave viscosity of about 58,000 cps has been used for intraocular pressure and biocompatibility studies in rabbits and cynomolgus monkeys with excellent results (see Examples hereinafter). This material has a slightly higher viscosity than the HA in current clinical use (Ca. 40,000 cps). Other studies were done with 3.3% CMC solutions having a post-purification, post-sterilization viscosity of 45,000 cps. For the purposes of the present invention, a viscosity greater than about 10,000 cps and a CMC concentration greater than about 1.5 weight % is required, in that lower viscosities will not maintain the A.C. very well, will leak, will clear from the A.C. too rapidly, will not afford adequate tissue protection, and will not move tissue well. Extremely high viscosities are limited only by being more difficult to inject and more difficult to irrigate. [All viscosities herein are determined using a Brookfield LVTD viscometer at 6 rpm and 23� C. using spindle #4 and silicone oil as a standard calibration.]
The critical CMC compositions of the invention are "non-Newtonian" in their rheological (flow) properties or "pseudoplastic" in behavior, i.e., they become less viscous with increasing shear. Thus, if a solution of high viscosity CMC appears to be a viscous syrup as it is poured from a bottle, it will behave as a less viscous liquid when applied as a lotion, and when high shear stress is removed it will revert to its original more viscous state. This type of flow behavior is referred to as pseudoplasticity or time-independent shear-thinning--a form of non-Newtonian flow. In viscosity measurements, such materials are extremely sensitive to viscometer geometry and the rotational speed of the viscometer (shear rate). The viscosity of polyelectrolytes such as CMC are also extremely sensitive to temperature, concentration and molecular weight.
Another important property of CMC which is a polyanionic polyelectrolyte, is its stability to polyvalent cations. Specifically, it will not form crosslinked gels in contact with divalent cations such as calcium. Since calcium ion is normally present in the physiological environment, the stability of CMC in the indicated preferred ranges of composition to calcium ion is an important property.
Biocompatibility studies in rabbits and cynomolgus monkeys were conducted as follows:
Healthy NZW rabbits (2.5-3.5 kg) were selected for the study. All rabbits were subjected to a biomicroscopic slit lamp exam (SLE) prior to surgery. Only those with no anterior segment abnormalities were used. They were followed for one week after A.C. injection. Each rabbit was individually housed with cage identity cards for identification purposes. The rabbits were given standard food and water adlibitum during the course of the study.
The test material was injected in the A.C. of rabbit eyes to evaluate post-operative biocompatibility of the test material in direct contact with living ocular tissues. Placement in the A.C. facilitates microscopic (SLE) evaluation of any tissue reactions as well as direct viewing of the viscoelastic material throughout the period of the study.
Controls consisted of a similar procedure using BSS (Alcon) in the opposite eye of the same rabbit. Each animal was weighed and sexed prior to surgery.
The surgical procedure described below was followed:
1. General anesthesia was induced by 20 mg/kg ketamine hydrochloride (Ketaset, 100 mg/ml, Bristol U.S.A.) and 4 mg/kg xylazine (Rompun, 20 mg/ml Haver-Lockhart, U.S.A.) injected I.M.
2. SLE exam of the anterior segment.
3. Tetracaine (0.5% eye drops) applied to the eye to anesthetize the cornea.
4. Inserted a wire speculum.
5. Penetrated into the A.C. with a 25 g or smaller needle at the corneo-limbal junction.
6. Aspirated 0.1-0.2 of aqueous humor.
7. Injected 0.1 cc of viscoelastic material through the same penetration site.
8. Applied 1% cyclopentolate hydrochloride (Cyclogyl, Alcon, U.S.A.).
A 3.3%, by weight, solution of Na-CMC in buffered saline, having a post-filtration and post-autoclave sterilization viscosity of about 45,000 cps, was tested in rabbits as described above.
In 9 New Zealand White rabbits (9 experimental, 9 control-BSS eyes), the anterior chamber of an eye was evacuated and the chamber re-filled with the 3.3% viscoelastic solution as described above.
The nine experimental animals exhibited mild inflammation of the eyes which subsided in 24 hours. The experimentally tested eyes compared well with the control eyes and no increase in intraocular pressure was observed in any of the animals.
The above procedures were repeated in 6 cynomolgus monkeys (6 experimental and 6 BSS control eyes) with a 4.2% solution of CMC. The monkeys were monitored at 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours and 1, 2, 3, 7 and 14 days.
A Na-CMC (DS:0.8; average molec. wt. 700,000-900,000) was dissolved in buffered saline (pH 7.0-7.5) to produce a solution containing 4.2%, by weight, of Na--CMC having a post-filtration and post-autoclave sterilization viscosity of about 58,000 cps. This solution was tested in cynomolgus monkeys as described above.
Slit lamp examinations (SLE) were conducted approximately 4 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, one week and two weeks after the procedure. Ocular changes are described, or scored according to the system of McDonald and Shaddock.
Tonometry by using Schiotz tonometer were carried out just before the procedure, and at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 24 hours and daily thereafter. When IOP was normal for 3 consecutive days, then IOP was measured every 2 days thereafter to end of study (2 weeks) after anesthetizing with intramuscular injection of Ketaset. Photos were taken at 24 hours, 72 hours, one week and two weeks after the procedure. After the last examination the eyes were enucleated and subjected to histopathology.
For each post-op SLE, a complete evaluation chart was recorded. Clinical evaluations were carried out by scoring or commenting on the chart. Corneal edema and inflammatory response were scored 0 to 4 according to severity. The degree of severity was thus assessed.
The IOP results are set forth in Table 1.
TABLE 1______________________________________Intraocular Pressure (IOP) InCynomolgus Monkeys After Injection*Time IOP (mmHg)**______________________________________Pre-op 162 hr. 314 hr. 346 hr. 358 hr. 31Day-1 21Day-2 16Day-3 13Day-7 16Day-14 15______________________________________ *Volume of Viscoelastic Solution 50% of A.C. Volume **Average for 6 Animals.
All experimentally tested eyes gave evidence of transient, low grade inflammation which subsided after 3 days and the eyes remained clear thereafter. The transient increase in IOP returned to pre-operative normal level within 24 hours. Histopathology showed the appearance of a few clump cells and mononuclear inflammatory cells but no foreign body (F.B.) reaction.
Rabbit surgery trials by several ophthalmologists were carried out with iso-osmolar, pH 7, Na--CMC solutions containing 2.2-2.4% Na--CMC. Viscosities were determined using a Brookfield LVTD viscometer at 23� C. and 6 rpm using spindle #4 in a water jacketed chamber modified with a 13�100 mm test tube to reduce sample volume. These solutions had viscosities of about 20,000-27,000 cps (commercial samples of HA have viscosities of about 36,000 for these procedures). The solutions were used to maintain the A.C. in a typical A.C. intraocular lens implantation performed according to the following protocol:
1. General anesthesia induced by Ketaset 20 mg/kg and rompun 15 mg/kg given i.m.
2. SLE exam of the anterior segment.
3. Pentobarbital 65 mg/g through an i.v. E-Z set, with 27 g needle give as needed via the marginal ear vein.
4. Cyclogyl 1% and Neo-synephrine 21/2% eye drops given several time to dilate the pupil, thus facilitating removal of the lens.
5. Insert a wire speculm.
6. Hemostasis and bleeder vessels cantery.
7. Penetration into the A.C. through a small corneal-scleral incision at the superior limbus.
8. Place 0.1 cc heparin into the A.C.
9. Use the irrigating cystotome to perform an anterior capsulatory.
10. Extend the incision.
11. Pull out the anterior capsule and clip off.
12. Express the nucleus.
13. Place temporary sutures and use the I/A machine to extract the cortex.
14. Remove temporary sutures.
15. Inject Na--CMC solution into A.C. to maintain chamber.
16. Inject Miochol (Acetylcholine 1:100, Cooper-Vision, U.S.A.) into the A.C. to constrict the pupil.
17. Slip the IOL into the A.C. and fit the haptics in the angle.
18. Center the lens.
19. Place saline into the A.C. and irrigate to flush CMC solution.
20. Close the wound with 10-0 prolene sutures.
21. Apply maxitrtol ointment (Neomycin 3.5 mg/g+polymyxin B 10,000 μ/g/ and dexamethasone 0.1% Alcon, U.S.A.) and cyclo gel eye drops (cyclopentolate 1% Alcon, U.S.A.) and cyclogyl eye drops (cyclopentolate 1% Alcon, U.S.A.). In case a more effective mydriasis is needed, apply Neo-synephrine 21/2% (phenylephrine 21/2% Winthrop, U.S.A.) or Atropine 1%.
Each rabbit was examined regularly by SLE (slit lamp examination) post-op. No significant intraocular pressure rise was noted and after normal post-op inflammation, eyes became normal and quiet (within a few days).
The sodium CMC solutions performed adequately in handling, maintaining the anterior chamber and irrigation from the anterior chamber. Data for these samples are as follows:
1. 2.4% CMC, Brookfield viscosity reading 35 (27,000 cps) osmolarity 296 M. osmol/kg.
2. 2.3% CMC, viscosity reading 31 (24,000 cps) 290 M. osmolar.
3. 2.2% CMC, viscosity reading 26 (20,000 cps) 274 M. osmolar.
All solutions had a pH of about 7.0.
The CMC derivatives of the present invention are miscible with hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS), the two most widely used anionic polysaccharides for ophthalmic surgical techniques.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention includes compositions and ophthalmic surgical procedures wherein the CMC solutions contain other viscoelastic materials such as HA, CS, etc. Mixtures of CMC and other viscoelastic materials would have economic advantages over the use of HA and COS alone and would provide beneficial rheological and tissue protective properties.
Mixtures were prepared of the 3.3 wt % autoclave sterilized Na-CMC (D.S. ˜0.8, mol. wt. ˜800,000) described above with a sterile commercial sample of 1% Na-hyaluronic acid (Healon, Pharmacia Co.) in volume ratios of 2:1, 1:1 and 1:2, respectively. The two materials were miscible in all ratios and produced clear gel-like viscous-elastic solutions with properties suitable for use in ocular implant surgical techniques.
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|Clarity Medical Systems, Inc.
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|Apr 29, 1987
Owner name: UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA, 207 TIGERT HALL, GAINESVILL
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Owner name: UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA,FLORIDA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:GOLDBERG, EUGENE P.;JAYAKRISHNAN, A.;YALON, MOSHE;SIGNING DATES FROM 19870206 TO 19870414;REEL/FRAME:004701/0116
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Edward Kenway's tattoos tell his story in this CG trailer for Assassin's Creed 4: Black Flag, created by Digic Pictures.


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Title:Application Architect Team Lead Department:CX Location:Cincinnati, OH Type:FullTime Position #:192890 ---« Back to Job Listings Description: Jenzabar, a leader in educational enterprise software development, is looking for Application Architect Team Leads to be part7/15/2015 Cincinnati, OH Save This Job
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We are CMC, a rapidly-growing software start-up headquartered in Wilmington, Delaware, with offices in London and Sydney. Serving financial services companies globally, CMC delivers automated, cloud-based customer management solutions that help our clients operate more9/2/2015 Wilmington, DE Save This Job
Location: Santa Barbara, CAType: Full TimeMin. Experience: Entry Level InTouch Health is the leader in robotic telepresence solutions for healthcare. We are looking for an eager, self-starting Assistant, Product Management to join our team! Under general supervision, this9/1/2015 Santa Barbara, CA Save This Job
Labcyte Inc. is a global biotechnology tools company headquartered in Sunnyvale, California, that is revolutionizing liquid handling. The Echo liquid handling systems use sound to accurately and precisely transfer liquids using non-contact dispensing. Labcyte instruments are used8/28/2015 Sunnyvale, CA Save This Job
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UC Davis Ordered to Release Names of Officers in Report on Pepper Spray Incident
June 27, 2012
A California judge on Tuesday ordered the University of California to reveal the names of police officers cited (critically) in a report about last year's incident of pepper spraying at the Davis campus, The Los Angeles Times reported. That newspaper and The Sacramento Bee sued for access to the names (which were redacted in the report) under the state's open-records law, which the judge agreed applied to the information. The university says that it would be willing to release the full report, but the union that represents the police officers is expected to appeal Tuesday's ruling.
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Leslie Jordan: My 10 Favorite Drag Songs
BY Advocate Contributors
April 14 2010 3:20 PM ET
Bobbie Gentry: "Fancy" — Well, "the long red dress slit up to my hips" was only to be imagined, as the resources in my locked bedroom were few and far between. "Might'a been born just plain white trash" was spit out like it came from the bottom of my little heart. The imaginary audience would go ape-shit.
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Teen to don sevens black jersey
Relevant offers
Fast flyer Tyla Nathan-Wong will pull on the black jersey for the sevens this week for the first time as the youngest player in the New Zealand women's team.
The Blockhouse Bay teen has made the national side for the upcoming season.
"It's pretty cool," Tyla says.
"I love the game so much. It's fast and you have more space to work with when compared with 15-a-side rugby."
Tyla, 18, started playing sevens last year and is no stranger to competition on the world stage.
She represented the Aotearoa Maori Women's sevens team in May at the Roma sevens tournament in Italy which they won.
She also played for the New Zealand women's touch team at the Touch Rugby World Cup 2011 in Scotland, the youngest player on the team.
Tyla's mother Deanne is confident in her daughter's abilities.
"Tyla's on a very strict diet thanks to the support from New Zealand rugby. The work these girls do fitness-wise is just incredible.
"Tyla's very focused and works hard at it," she says.
Tyla and the team are in Fiji for the Oceania Women's Sevens Championship, which also doubles as a World Cup 2013 qualifier, taking place today and tomorrow.
"The pressure's on and I have to perform," says Tyla.
"There are no guarantees and there are always other players ready to step up and take your spot."
New Zealand has already qualified for the 2013 Rugby Sevens World Cup in Moscow but will be keen to test their mettle against the world's best in Fiji in preparation for the 2012-13 sevens circuit beginning in Dubai in December.
Tyla's also looking to the future, particularly the Olympics in Rio de Janeiro in 2016 where rugby sevens will be introduced.
"That's definitely a long-term goal for me," she says.
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Dodgers' Vin Scully Says '16 His Last John Harbaugh "Curt" During Interview ESPN Begins 11-Year U.S. Open Deal Werner: NESN's Orsillo Ousted To Re-Energize Booth ESPN's Apologies Indicative Of Media Paradox Univ. Of Illinois To Air Games In Chinese Ballmer Reportedly Declines Prime Ticket's Extension Men In Blazers Planning To Hold Convention Hornets Announce New Broadcast Team ESPN's Mendoza To Replace Schilling Sunday
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Media Notes
Published July 17, 2013
SPEAKING UP: In Houston, David Barron wrote "Let Them Wear Towels," the latest documentary in ESPN's "Nine for IX" series, is "a look at a worthy topic: the efforts by our female colleagues to gain the same locker room access afforded to their male counterparts." But "unfortunately, what has become a recurring weakness of the entire ESPN documentary series results in the omission of a significant contributor to that effort" in late reporter Anita Martini. ESPN contributors "for some unknown reason" generally "refuse to use narrators as part of their documentaries." That has been "irritating for some time, and now it does actual damage to the subject matter." Because Martini is "not available to speak for herself," she is "of no use to ESPN" (CHRON.com, 7/16). Former NFL exec Jim Steeg wrote on his Twitter feed, "Interesting ESPN piece "nine on IX"...missing one of the true pioneers @JillLieberSteeg who was at forefront in the 70's."
ON THE AIR: Blogger Clay Travis on Monday announced that he "would be part" of Fox Sports 1's new college football pregame show. Travis said, "We realize it's going to be a challenge going against [ESPN's] 'GameDay,' but I think we'll figure out a way to be [a] little bit different and offer fans two options" (TENNESSEAN.com, 7/15)....Miami-based WQAM-AM Program Dir and host Jorge Sedano "will leave the station to accept a multi-platform position at ESPN." He is "expected to start at ESPN in the fall" (SUN-SENTINEL.com, 7/12)....ESPN VP/Communications Diane Lamb said that the ESPN Radio deal with Detroit-based WCAR-AM "is ending." Lamb said ESPN is "currently in the process of securing a new ESPN affiliate in Detroit." Meanwhile, WXYT-FM and host Matt Dery "couldn't agree on a deal with CBS Radio Detroit management to keep him with the station" (FREEP.com, 7/16).


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|By Marc Middleton | October 29, 2012 | Comments
Source: F4WOnline- WWE.com cameras caught Layla and Kaitlyn arguing about their loss at WWE Hell In a Cell. Layla was upset about Kaitlyn hitting her hard but Kaitlyn said she was just trying to win.
- WWE cameras also caught Darren Young and Titus O'Neil venting about their loss. Young was super depressed about not being able to get a win over Rey Mysterio and Sin Cara. Titus reminded him that they have a chance this Wednesday on Main Event when they team with Alberto Del Rio to face Randy Orton, Cara and Mysterio.
- Security at last night's WWE Hell In a Cell pay-per-view were told to remove all signs related to Bill Goldberg. WWE officials were afraid the signs would encourage Goldberg chants since they were in Atlanta and Ryback was in the main event.
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Bush's poll tumble: the fine print
class=img_thumbleft> The Harris Poll released on November 17 contains the lowest approval rating for George W. Bush yet logged by any major survey firm: 34 percent, compared to 65 percent disapproval. That's down 16 points from Bush's 50 percent approval a year ago, around the time he was re-elected. And it's 14 points below his Harris Poll high-water mark for 2005: 48 percent back in February.
As the media have noted repeatedly, the Republicans in Congress aren't faring much better in the court of opinion. Their 2005 Harris rankings, approval number first:
November 27% 69% August 32% 64% June 37% 58% April 36% 61%
But there is a kicker that nearly everyone seems to have overlooked. The Democrats in Congress remain even more unpopular than their Republican counterparts. Their Harris ratings from the same periods:
November 25% 70% August 31% 65% June 33% 61% April 34% 64%
It appears the grand Democratic strategy of standing back and letting the Republicans sink themselves is working roughly as well as it did in the 2004 campaign.
Read the WSJ's free-database story on the 11/17 Harris Poll.
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