text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jan 27, 2009
|Filing date
|May 23, 2007
|Priority date
|Sep 5, 2001
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Brett Eilers
|Original Assignee
|Brett Eilers
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (28), Referenced by (1), Classifications (14), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/897,052, filed Jul. 22, 2004 now abandoned, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/234,822, filed Sep. 4, 2002, and subsequently issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,766,879, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application "SOUND REDUCING DEVICE FOR A COFFEE GRINDER AND OTHER KITCHEN APPLIANCES", Application No. 60/317,346, filed Sep. 5, 2001, each of which applications are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material which is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.
The invention relates generally to kitchen appliance covers, and particularly to a device for reducing or muffling sound from appliances such as coffee grinders during operation of the appliance.
Many people like to start their morning with a fresh cup of coffee, a practice that is widespread throughout the world, and particularly throughout Europe and America. The United States is the largest individual coffee-consuming nation in the world, drinking approximately one fifth of the 14 billion total pounds of coffee grown worldwide, which translates to an average of 500 million cups of coffee every single day. Every year in the United States more than $5 billion of roasted coffee is sold nationally, making coffee the second most valuable item of international trade after petroleum.
The American National Coffee Association recommends that coffee consumers purchase their coffee as soon after it has been roasted as possible, since fresh roasted coffee produces a better cup of coffee, and that they purchase coffee in small amounts—only as much as can be used in a given period of time. When whole bean coffee is used it should be ground as close to the brew time as possible for best results. Increasingly nowadays, more and more people are following these recommendations, as coffee has become an important component of their diet and social life. In recent years specialty coffees have become more important with better beans and darker roasts, and these premium coffees now account for 20% of the roasted coffee sold in the United States.
It is apparent from these statistics and recommendations that to brew the best coffee, and particularly to get the most out of what can be an expensive investment in specialty coffee, that one should buy whole bean coffee and grind that coffee just prior to brewing. Only then can the maximum benefit be obtained. This simple fact has generated huge sales in home coffee grinders over recent years, most of which are unfortunately quite noisy in use. Noisy coffee grinders may seem like a small inconvenience, but given that so many people enjoy their coffee early in the morning, often when others in the household are fast asleep, there exists a huge problem—how to grind and brew the best coffee without waking everyone else up? In general, coffee consumers would like to enjoy the best, freshest ground coffee, and maximize their investment in premium coffee beans, without causing an annoyance to others with the noise of their coffee grinder.
The invention addresses the needs of those people who prefer to grind their own coffee, and particularly those early morning risers or others who are inconvenienced by the sound of their coffee grinder. Generally, the invention relates to kitchen appliances and covers, and specifically in one embodiment to a device for reducing or muffling the sound from kitchen appliances such as coffee grinders. Additionally, the muffling device can be left on the appliance even when not in use, providing a much welcome decoration to the kitchen in a style appropriate to it's surroundings. Using the muffling device, a person can enjoy fresh-ground coffee at any time of the day with the assurance that the sound from the coffee grinder is well insulated (i.e. reduced). The invention is particularly easy to deploy and to use, requires no moving parts, and is flexible enough to work with the majority of coffee grinder products currently on the market. Other embodiments can be fashioned within the spirit and scope of the invention so as to work with other, non-standard coffee grinders or kitchen appliances.
In one embodiment the invention comprises a sound reducing or muffling device for a coffee grinder, comprising: a housing having a substantially cylindrical shape, said housing including an open end, and a roof end; a sound reducing material within said housing; and, wherein said housing may be placed on a coffee grinder, and pressure applied to said roof end to activate said coffee grinder with the sound reduced.
The United States is the largest individual coffee-consuming nation in the world, with the national population as a whole drinking an average of 500 million cups of coffee every single day. Research has shown that coffee consumers are increasingly preferring the freshly ground variety. Given that so many people enjoy their coffee early in the morning, often when others in the household are fast asleep, there exists a considerable problem in how to allow them to grind and brew the best coffee without waking up everyone else. An embodiment of the invention addresses the needs of all coffee drinkers and particularly those early morning coffee drinkers who prefer to grind their own coffee, in providing a device for reducing or muffling sound from coffee grinders and other kitchen appliances. The muffling device is particularly easy to deploy and use, requires no moving parts, is flexible enough to work with the majority of coffee grinder products currently on the market, and can be left on the appliance even when not in use, providing a much welcome decoration to the kitchen in a style appropriate to it's surroundings.
The housing 102 and the roof 104 may be fabricated of many types of materials including, for example, a nylon back-pack type material, fabric or cloth, plastic, or any other equivalent material. The characteristics of the material used should be that it is flexible enough to accommodate a variety of kitchen appliances or coffee grinders, and also that it can withstand the normal wear and tear commonly found in kitchens and in the work place. An additional benefit of using a nylon, cloth-like or plastic material to cover the device is that the exterior of the housing may be tailored or patterned to suit the particular kitchen, work place, or any other location in which the device is to be situated. In some embodiments multiple colors and designs can be used to allow the owner or purchaser of the product to customize the appearance of their muffling device to best suit their surroundings. Alternative embodiments of the invention may use a housing made of a hard or inflexible material such as metal, chrome, or hardened plastic. In these embodiments the housing can be made wide enough to accommodate a wide variety of coffee grinders without the need for flexibility in the housing itself, or an internal flexible liner can provide the necessary flexibility and conformance.
Typically, the roof 104 is made of the same material as the cylindrical housing itself. If the materials used for the housing are cloth or nylon back-pack material, then the binding 106 can be a simple stitching bond. If plastic materials are used for both the housing and the roof then a glue or a heat bind element can be used instead. It will be evident to one skilled in the art that although specific design elements are disclosed here for the purpose of illustration, the invention is not limited to using these specific materials and that other materials may be used both for the cylindrical housing element and the roof while remaining in the spirit and scope of the invention.
Additional embodiments of the invention may include locations for logo placement at, for example, areas 110 and 112, or any other suitable area on the surface of the housing. In this manner, the muffling device can be customized with marketing materials such as, for example, the name of the particular manufacturer of coffee grinder, or perhaps a coffee vendor. A loop element 114 can in some embodiments be included to allow the attachment of labels and price tags. The loop element 114 may be made of a cloth material or paper material that also allows manufacturing information, such as origin of manufacture to be attached to the device.
Within the roof 104 a stiffening element 120 is used both to provide rigidity to the roof and to assist in using the device with a coffee grinder, the process of which is described in further detail below. The stiffening element has a shape roughly equivalent to that of the roof itself and may be either substantially flat or domed. Additionally, the stiffening element may be bonded to the roof or may instead be enclosed but freely moving within a roof layer.
The acoustic layer can be, for example, a perforated acoustic foam interior or an equivalent sound muffling material known to one of skill in the art. Such materials commonly in use include AUDIOSEAL, and A
Although the foregoing description of the invention includes details of specific materials, shapes and colors, it will evident to one of skill in the art that alternate designs may be used while remaining in the spirit and scope of the invention. Particularly, the housing material itself may be comprised of many different layers to provide additional sound muffling or custom color and fit, or of a single housing and muffling layer material. The sound muffling device may also be so constructed to accommodate coffee grinder devices that have side mounted on/off switches instead of top mounted on/off switches. Similarly, the sound muffling device may be so constructed to accommodate the wide varieties of shapes and sizes of coffee grinders currently on the market or envisioned to be on the market in the near future. While the placement of logos are shown for purposes of illustration, it will also be evident that additional logos and marketing designs can be applied to the sound muffling device in accordance with the requirements of the manufacturer and/or the end user.
Embodiments of the present invention allow for full functionality of an appliance such as a coffee grinder, while the appliance is completely enclosed within the soundproof housing. This offers several advantages, notably that it allows easy operation of the appliance in a simple manner, while reducing the sound of such operation. The sound reducing device is lightweight, easy to manufacture, and capable of being formed in a variety of shapes and designs, while still offering the utility for which it is intended. Custom covers can be used to suit surrounding environments, such as the overall kitchen design. The invention can also be used with other appliances and devices that can be operated by means of a push-button mechanism.
The foregoing description of embodiments of the present invention has been provided for the purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to the practitioner skilled in the art. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical application, thereby enabling others skilled in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments and with various modifications that are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the following claims and their equivalence.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Oct 17, 1957
|Aug 23, 1960
|Walter A Plummer
|Pneumatic tool muffle
|Nov 4, 1969
|Jul 24, 1973
|Frick B
|Noise reducing covers for teleprinters and other machines
|May 25, 1977
|Sep 25, 1979
|Scott Insulation Company Inc.
|Thermal boot apparatus
|Feb 7, 1979
|Mar 31, 1981
|Wendt Gary R
|Sound-absorbent blower cover
|Jun 1, 1981
|Dec 28, 1982
|Re-Al, Inc.
|Method of making membrane contact switch
|Mar 13, 1989
|Nov 14, 1989
|Snap-On Tools Corporation
|Cover for pneumatic tool
|Jul 1, 1987
|Jan 9, 1990
|Vats Raj K
|Sound and vibration reducing apparatus
|Jul 25, 1989
|Feb 12, 1991
|Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba
|Air conditioner
|Dec 28, 1990
|May 18, 1993
|The Brinkmann Corporation
|Flashlight with tailcap switch boot
|Dec 22, 1992
|Dec 28, 1993
|Carrier Corporation
|Sound attenuating enclosure for compressors
|Jun 25, 1993
|Jul 11, 1995
|Pfordresher; Michael
|Appliance muffler
|Sep 14, 1994
|Jul 9, 1996
|Gelber; Barry S.
|Kitchen, bar and restaurant appliance housing
|Jul 7, 1995
|Dec 9, 1997
|Pfordresher; Michael
|Appliance muffler
|Oct 16, 1997
|Jul 20, 1999
|Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
|Panel switch movable contact body and panel switch using the movable contact body
|Oct 1, 1997
|Sep 28, 1999
|K-Tec, Inc.
|Enclosure apparatus for processing devices
|Jan 28, 1997
|Oct 12, 1999
|Owens Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc.
|Acoustically insulated apparatus
|Nov 23, 1998
|Oct 17, 2000
|Carrier Corporation
|Compressor mounting
|Sep 11, 2000
|Mar 19, 2002
|Simatelex Manufactory Co., Ltd.
|Electric coffee maker
|Sep 29, 2000
|Apr 1, 2003
|Owens Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc.
|Acoustical insulation blanket for dishwasher
|Aug 20, 2001
|Jun 3, 2003
|Hamilton Beach/Proctor-Silex, Inc.
|Shielding enclosure
|Feb 13, 2002
|Aug 12, 2003
|Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
|Manufacturing method for panel switch using movable contact unit and the movable contact unit
|Sep 4, 2002
|Jul 27, 2004
|Brett Eilers
|Sound reducing device for a coffee grinder and other kitchen appliances
|Jul 29, 2003
|Aug 23, 2005
|Carrier Corporation
|Sound jacket for noise reduction in refrigeration apparatus
|Jul 6, 2001
|Apr 25, 2002
|Wulfman Edward I.
|Coffee grinder silencer
|Mar 11, 2003
|Sep 16, 2004
|Robillard Gregory L.
|Sound insulating appliance for coffee grinders
|Oct 27, 1952
|Sep 25, 1958
|Licentia Gmbh
|Schalldaempfende Schutzhuelle fuer Maschinen
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Aug 9, 2010
|Mar 10, 2015
|Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc.
|Compressor having counterweight cover
|U.S. Classification
|181/200, 181/205, 181/202
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Sep 10, 2012
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Jan 24, 2013
|Surcharge for late payment
|Jan 24, 2013
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4


text:
If your spouse gets sick with a serious condition, like Alzheimer's or any other forms of Dementia, or disabled after an accident or medical emergency, should you get home care for them, or will you take the role of a full-time caregiver? 96 more words
Tags » Spouse
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subset: commoncrawl


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Tigers v Bulls: Shield Final Day Two Summary
Grandstand's Peter Newlinds looks back on the second day's play from the Sheffield Shield final between Tasmania and Queensland at Bellerive Oval.
Source: ABC News | Duration: 2min 22sec
A decade on from Hurricane Katrina, Reuters photographer Carlos Barria returns to New Orleans to match his images of the catastrophe-stricken city with today's landscape.
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5' x 7'6" Rug Size
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|Construction: Handmade
|Technique: Hand woven; Shag and flokati
|Material: Synthetic
|Reversible: No
|Rug Pad Needed: Yes
|Product Type: Area Rug
|Primary Pattern: Floral and plants
|Primary Color: Red
|Gender: Girl
|Lifestage: Adult
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About the ManufacturerChandra area rugs have rapidly become known for tradition, heritage, and quality while revealing one of the most eclectic lineups of area rugs in the industry.
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|18 Dec 2008
|Filing date
|31 Mar 2008
|Priority date
|29 Mar 2007
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Carl Scarpa, Edward Schell
|Original Assignee
|Sirius Satellite Radio, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Referenced by (6), Classifications (4), Legal Events (8)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application claims the benefit of and hereby incorporates by reference U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/920,894, entitled "METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR INTEROPERABLE SATELLITE RADIO RECEIVERS" filed on Mar. 29, 2007.
The present invention relates to satellite broadcast communications, and more particularly to systems and methods for an interoperable satellite radio receiver.
Currently, there are two licensed satellite radio providers in the United States, XM Satellite Radio Holdings Inc. ("XM") and Sirius Satellite Radio Inc. ("Sirius"), each having a unique transmission format. It has long been desirable for consumers to be able to receive both satellite radio services on one receiver, so that if they would like to change services, no new hardware would need to be purchased. This desire can often occur, for example, when a consumer sells an automobile equipped with a receiver capable of receiving one of the satellite radio services to another consumer who desires to receive the other service. Such an interoperable radio design would need to receive both services utilizing the same hardware. However, due to the many differences between the two systems, this is not as easy as tuning to a different frequency, or even a different band, as can be done on an AM/FM radio. Alternatively, it may be that one day Sirius and XM merge into a combined satellite radio company, and such combined company may desire to keep both formats operating and let a consumer choose which service he or she receives.
It is noted that the simplest approach to an interoperable radio design would be to populate a single circuit design with separate chipsets capable of individually receiving each service. However, this approach can be very costly, would have a large footprint and be an overall inefficient receiver design.
Thus, what is needed in the art is an interoperable satellite radio receiver that intelligently utilize all the commonalities of each system to build the most efficient design in size and power.
Methods and apparatus are presented to allow one receiver architecture to be used for the reception of two different Satellite Digital Audio Radio Service ("SDARS") signals, such as, for example, one signal from XM Satellite Radio, the other signal from Sirius Satellite Radio. In exemplary embodiments of the present invention common receiver functions can be utilized to process either signal thereby obviating the need to duplicate hardware elements. In exemplary embodiments of the present invention, it can be assumed that both signals will not be received at the same time, thus allowing for considerable hardware reuse and lowering the cost of an interoperable receiver.
It is noted that the patent or application file contains at least one drawing executed in color. Copies of this patent or patent application publication with color drawings will be provided by the U.S. Patent Office upon request and payment of the necessary fees.
The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for using one receiver to receive two separate satellite radio broadcasts, such as, for example, both the Sirius Satellite Radio and XM Satellite Radio broadcasts. In what follows, a satellite radio broadcast will be sometimes referred to as being provided by, or related to, a Satellite Digital Audio Radio System ("SDARS"; plural "SDARSs"). Although the following description contemplates exemplary receiver technology to interoperate between the Sirius and XM SDARSs, the methods and apparatus of the present invention are understood as not being limited thereto, and can generally be applied to the receiving and decoding of different digital audio signals by the same device.
An elegant solution to the problem of building a receiver that can receive two separate satellite radio broadcasts would be to design a single chipset that is capable of receiving both services. A fully interoperable chipset would need to intelligently exploit all of the commonalities between the two systems so as to be able to utilize the most efficient design in terms of size and power.
As compared to using two independent radios (chipsets) to achieve XM/Sirius interoperability, a tremendous savings can be achieved by utilizing SDARS receiver elements that are common to each broadcaster's platform. For example, a low cost interoperable receiver can take advantage of the fact that each SDARS system utilizes both QPSK and COFDM modulation.
Detailed information on how individual demodulation functions can be reused for each SDARS signal is provided below in the sections on TDM and COFDM demodulations. First, however, the re-use of external common components, and to a lesser extent, the reuse of common chip based (internal) components, is described according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention. This general scheme is then followed by details of common receiver architecture and processing for each of the TDM and COFDM signals respectively broadcast by the Sirius and XM satellite radio systems.
Each of the Sirius and XM SDARS services transmits a plurality of TDM datastreams and at least one COFDM datastreams (
Thus, in exemplary embodiments of the present invention, a exemplary receiving antenna's 25 MHz wide signal (or selectable 12.5 MHz wide signal) can, for example, be fed to a front end (analog) tuner 107 and can, for example, be mixed down to a common IF frequency. Such a common IF frequency can be achieved by changing the mix down signal center frequency such that either SDARS signal can be placed at the same IF. By utilizing a common IF, common SAW filters 107 can then, for example, be used for the removal of unwanted adjacent channel interference. In exemplary embodiments of the present invention a common tuner's gain can, for example, be controlled by a feedback signal 110 from the baseband processor.
The data signal can then be applied to a common A/D circuit 112 running at a common oversampling rate. The sampled signal can, for example, feed various TDM demodulators 120 and COFDM demodulators 122. For example, given the broadcast signal details of
Since, as shown in
It is noted in
It is noted that once one moves beyond the satellite and terrestrial physical layers, the number of similarities between the XM and Sirius broadcast signals is greatly reduced, making it more difficult to efficiently reuse receiver hardware. While both services employ the use of a concatenated FEC code, with a Reed Solomon (RS) outer code and a convolutional inner code, there are significant differences in the details of their respective FEC coding. XM uses nearly a single coding format across their entire payload, whereas Sirius utilizes three different coding formats in their payload.
Without going into great detail regarding the differences between the two services, a simple inspection of
Additionally, each SDARS utilizes byte interleaving of RS encoded data, albeit with different data structures. The XM service uses a simple block based interleaver over two code words, whereas the Sirius service uses a convolutional interleaver on the main audio payload. While the state machine for these two functions will thus differ, the expensive memory that each system requires can be shared. Such shared memory can be, for example, SDRAM 160.
Integration of the convolutional decoding functionality is a bit more complicated. The Sirius SDARS uses three separate Viterbi decoding processes: (i) a highly coded service channel using a rate 1/7 code with a constraint length of 5, and (ii) control and (iii) audio channels each using a constraint length of 9, with respective code rates of 1/3 and 2/3. In contrast, the XM SDARS uses only one base convolutional code of rate 1/3 and constraint length of 7, punctured separately for each of the satellite and terrestrial paths.
Nonetheless, in exemplary embodiments of the present invention, various methods for resource sharing in the Viterbi decoder design can be implemented. One option, for example, is to design a programmable decoder, capable of supporting the rates of both the Sirius and XM datastreams. Another option, for example, is to have separate state machines, but to make full re-use of the memory needed for the trace back. Either approach can yield a measurable savings in overall receiver design. Continuing with reference to
Considering that each system uses different audio encoders (e.g., PAC for Sirius, and AAC for XM) independent audio decompression software can, for example, be loaded in microprocessor 137 for each system's decoding needs. Common stereo DACs 170 can be used for each service, along with a common audio interpolator block 135 (to ensure that audio samples are converted at known sampling rates). The analog audio output of the DAC, regardless of whether it comes from the XM or the Sirius transmission, can also, for example, be sent to a common FM modulator unit 180 for reception on standard FM radios, such as, for example, are found in automobiles. Although shown in
Given an interoperable receiver as described above, further exemplary details of each of TDM signal and COFDM signal interoperable demodulation are next described.
Because both the XM and Sirius services employ QPSK modulation on their satellite paths, this presents one area that can be exploited for reuse in an interoperable receiver design.
Signal transmission using QPSK modulation has been widely practiced for many years, and thus there are well known techniques as to how to implement receiver designs. There are several fundamental signal processing tasks required to properly demodulate a QPSK symbol. However, because most demodulators are designed and optimized with a single transmission format in mind, it is difficult to reuse complete designs to demodulate a different system's signal.
TDM Signal Path Parameters
Bit Rate
Symbol Rate
Fast Sync Preamble Length
Fast Sync Preamble Freq.
Master Frame Preamble Length
Master Frame Duration
Padding Field
RRC Filter excess BW
Total Occupied BW
The first stage of processing is responsible for recovering the complex baseband signal from the output of the ADC 402. The Automatic Gain Control ("AGC") 405 is intended to keep the signal in range of the ADC. This stage should work identically for both systems, and thus requires no modification for interoperability.
The next step in TDM decoding is to recover the imaginary samples from the real samples using a Hilbert transform 415. The resultant complex signal can then, for example, be shifted down to baseband by a complex mixer, which can also be used for both systems as long as the mixing frequency is programmable.
The first obstacle is thus presented at the Channel Isolation Filter 418, where any adjacent signals are removed. A major difference between the two systems to be accommodated is the occupied bandwidth by each system's TDM streams. Each service utilizes two satellite paths and has an end throughput on the order of 4 Mbps. The Sirius system calls for a single aggregate stream to be transmitted on each satellite, delaying one satellite from the other for time diversity. The entire Sirius content can be thus recovered by demodulating a single data stream. In contrast, the XM system splits their content into two ensembles, and then further splits each coded ensemble into two halves, each with half of the error protection. Thus, each satellite carries half the data from each ensemble, but as two separate QPSK modulated data streams. The bandwidth and symbol rate of each XM TDM stream is thus less than half of that used for a Sirius TDM stream.
Since the TDM signal bandwidth is not the same for the two SDARS services, a single channel isolation filter 418 may not be appropriate. An efficient filter design will already have variable coefficient multipliers to maximize reuse. For example, said coefficient multipliers can be stored in a table in hardware, or loaded from software. Thus, in exemplary embodiments of the present invention, in order to facilitate switching between two filter responses, two sets of coefficients can, for example, be stored in a ROM table and be selected based upon which SDARS service is then active. The cost of the extra ROM space that this implementation requires is essentially insignificant in the context of the overall design. Such ROM can be, for example, integrated with microprocessor 137, or can be, for example, separate microprocessor memory.
Or, for example, a single filter can be chosen to accommodate both SDARS services, where such a filter has a frequency response that is tuned for the larger bandwidth signal, in this case the Sirius signal. The additional energy passed through on the narrower XM signal, can, for example, be reduced when the matched filter is applied, which would attenuate anything outside the XM signal's bandwidth. A given implementation of these options in a particular receiver is a design choice, and in general better performance is obtained with the former approach, where two sets of co-efficients are stored and utilized.
For the remaining modules, it is important to note that their throughput is dependent upon the symbol rate, and therefore will differ for each system. Any optimizations in hardware, such as, for example, multiplier reuse, must support the faster of the symbol rates, which between the XM and Sirius signals, is that of the Sirius SDARS.
The next stage of processing is to recover the 2X rate data symbols. The first step in this process is to interpolate the samples to the proper symbol rate. The exact choice of Interpolation Filter 425 is a design choice, subject to the requirement that it be capable of supporting both symbol rates, as listed in Table 1. In exemplary embodiments of the present invention this can be accomplished by having a programmable NCO update rate. After interpolation, a matched filter 430 must be applied, such filter being responsible for maximizing the SNR of the received signal. As provided in Table 1, the XM and Sirius systems each use different coefficients for their matched filter design. Depending on acceptable performance levels, this can be accommodated in two different ways. As noted above, a simple approach is, for example, to use a single matched filter design, which can be optimized one way or the other towards a particular service, or designed to split the difference between the two, not being truly optimized for either. Either way, there will be some performance degradation to one or both systems. To maximize performance, however, another choice can be, for example, to have two sets of filter coefficients stored in hardware. The filter can choose the appropriate set of coefficients based on which system is then active. As with Channel Isolation Filter 418, an efficient matched filter design can also utilize variable coefficient multipliers to maximize reuse. In such an embodiment the additional cost of implementing both filters is the cost of the additional ROM space to store the second set of coefficients.
Following Matched Filter 430, a digital AGC 435 can be used to set the isolated signal to a normalized level. This can compensate for signal strength variation due to, for example, fading. With programmable parameters, such a module should work equally well for both systems. The digitally AGC'd signal can then be used for symbol timing recovery 440. There are several techniques to recover symbol timing information from a QPSK signal. Regardless of algorithm choice, there should be no difference between the two systems, since both are QPSK signals. Symbol Timing Recovery 440 works in conjunction with Interpolation Filter 425, driving the final interpolation rate using an error signal (shown as Timing Error 442 in
The final stage in the demodulation process is synchronization. This functionality is where the heart of the differences between the two SDARS systems lies. In the description thus far, only the two similar QPSK modulated streams at different symbol rates have been considered, and not the underlying structure of the data. To better illustrate these differences,
The key parameter differences, such as frame duration and preamble lengths, are outlined in Table 1 above. XM has a 128 bit continuous preamble, and its master frame has a period of 432 ms. Sirius has a 255 bit preamble spread throughout its master frame, and its master frame has a period of 347 ms. The first task in synchronization is to lock onto the Fast Synchronization Preamble (FSP) contained in a datastream. A common technique for accomplishing such lock-on is to perform a cross-correlation of the incoming signal with the known preamble sequence. The output of the correlation can, for example, then be used to mark the start of the data portion, as well as to correct any ambiguity in the received quadrant location. The details of such a correlation function are well known, and thus omitted here so as not to complicate the description. As seen in Table 1, both the XM and Sirius master frames employ the use of an FSP, and both are completely periodic in the transmitted waveform. However, as noted, the length and repetition of the FSP differ between the two systems. To accommodate this within a single design, the correlation can be fixed to the length of the longer sequence (i.e., XM's) and the reference sequence can, for example, be selectable, depending on which service is active. Since the FSP for Sirius is shorter, the Sirius reference stored in hardware can, for example, be zero padded to limit the contribution to the correlation output to only the symbols of interest, but still meet the now fixed longer sequence length. In exemplary embodiments of the present invention, an FSP reference can also be used, for example, to determine an SNR estimate. Thus, in exemplary embodiments of the present invention, with a minimal amount of programmability, a single hardware block can thus be used to determine synchronization lock, quadrant correction, and SNR estimation.
In order to properly recover the data in each datastream, a second layer of synchronization can be used to obtain a reference to the master frame boundary. Master frame synchronization is required to align signals from the different satellite and terrestrial paths for proper combining, as well as to initialize FEC and demultiplexing functionalities further along in the receive process. As shown in
On the other hand, XM concentrates its synchronization sequence into a sequential series of data, occupying the tail end of the 6848 bits following an FSP, occurring only once every 432 ms. This XM synchronization sequence is shown as the 192 bit "PAD" sequence at the end of the master frame in
The above description covers how to implement a single TDM demodulator to properly recover both XM and Sirius data from their respective SDARS streams. The disclosed technology exploits all the similarities of the two services, while intelligently managing the differences between them, resulting in a highly efficient, low cost solution for an interoperable TDM receiver architecture. The disclosed technology can, for example, be included in a fully interoperable satellite radio receiver chipset design, such as that of
Next described is a method to allow a single COFDM receiver architecture to be used for the reception of two different COFDM signals, such as, for example, one from an XM satellite radio and the other from a Sirius satellite radio, by using identical processing blocks to achieve all required synchronization. The disclosed method avoids the need for using two independent FFT engines in the XM system provided that the two COFDM signals are properly spaced in frequency.
To better appreciate the value of this method, the respective structures of the XM and Sirius COFDM waveforms need to be appreciated.
As also seen in
Accordingly, what is next described is (i) how each of the synchronization functions are performed in the Sirius COFDM receiver and then how this functionality can also be used with respect to the XM system; (ii) how in all cases the XM AMSS need not be used, and thus an identical receiver can be used to process both COFDM signals; and (iii) how, if the two XM ensemble streams are translated to a correct offset, one large FFT can be used to perform demodulation of both XM COFDM ensembles.
A first task in processing either the XM or the Sirius COFDM signal is to isolate the COFDM signal from the TDM signals. To do this correctly, and not cause A/D clipping distortion, this signal must also be under AGC control. These functions can be performed, for example, via an exemplary front end design as shown in
Three output branches are shown (at the right side of
It is noted that in the schema of
In exemplary embodiments of the present invention, a channel isolation filter, such as Channel Isolation Filter 930, can remove as much adjacent signal power as possible. Since the bandwidth of each of the respective Sirius and XM COFDM signals is different (i.e., ˜4 vs. ˜5 MHz, respectively), an interoperable channel isolation filter needs to be told which signal is being processed at any given time. The bandwidth of the filter can be changed, for example, by loading different filter tap coefficients or, for example, by splitting the filter into two parts, where one stage is used for XM (or Sirius) filtering and the other parallel filter is only used as a correction factor to achieve a different filter bandwidth when the complement signal is processed.
For clarity of description, the exact COFDM signal structure for each of the two systems is outlined in
In exemplary embodiments of the present invention, in order to utilize as much common hardware as possible for the processing of both signals, a 2048 point FFT can, for example, be used as the fundamental FFT demodulating engine. In the Sirius system, a total of 1002 active bins will be occupied and in the XM system a total of 1274 active bins will be occupied (hence calling for a common 2048 FFT engine). However, to insure that the sampling rate of the FFT engine yields orthogonal FFT bins for a given signal of interest, the sampling rate for the FFT needs to be different for each of the two SDARS signals. In the Sirius system, a sampling rate of the reciprocal of one COFDM symbol yields a sampling rate of 8,192,137.5 Hz. This sampling rate yields exactly 2048 samples during the COFDM symbol that contains data and 184 samples for the guard band time. The FFT bin spacing (with respect to the FFT) is 4 KHz.
The symbol duration of each XM COFDM ensemble is exactly 310.368 microseconds. This yields a required sampling rate of 7,974,405.577 Hz to also have 2048 data samples during the data portion of the XM COFDM signal and 427 samples during the guard band. This yields a FFT bin spacing of 3.8932 KHz.
At this point it is noted that because the two XM ensembles differ in frequency, there is no overlap in the frequency domain. Thus, the frequency spacing between the two ensembles must be a multiple of the FFT bin spacing (3.8932 KHz) to ensure that each stream does not create inter-carrier interference (or else the streams will not be orthogonal to each other based on the sample rate provided above). If the two streams are not generated in such a manner, doing so is fairly simple by using a single FFT to generate both streams. Receivers should see no difference other than a small offset from what they currently can expect (maximum offset can be up to 3.893/2 KHz).
Additionally, it is assumed that the AMSS insertion for each of the two ensembles is synchronized in time. This assures that each ensemble COFDM symbol will be bounded within the same guard band time interval. If this is not the current case, it can be assured by once again using the same FFT to generate the two COFDM ensemble symbols.
If, for example, either the correct frequency relationship or AMSS synchronization is not performed, then two independent COFDM demodulators for the XM signal will need to be used. However, even in that case all concepts of using the same synchronization circuits (as explained below) for both COFDM signals can still apply. In such a scenario one demodulator can, for example, be used while processing a first XM COFDM ensemble and a second, identical COFDM demodulator can, for example, be used for processing the second XM COFDM ensemble.
Noting that one large FFT engine can be used to demodulate both COFDM signals (with correct initial sampling rates), what is next described is how a single receiver structure can handle both signals for all other required signal processing functions.
Since the Sirius system does not contain an AMSS signal, to use a common receiver design that can process both signals, one must drop these samples from additional processing while demodulating the XM signal. This function can be performed by the drop samples block 1110 in
In exemplary embodiments of the present invention, with the AMSS samples dropped from additional processing, the COFDM demodulator only has to process data samples that contain the FFT data and guard band. Although all of the recovery blocks will work in parallel, for ease of illustration the following description of how each block is achieved will be explained from left to right (with reference to
The sampling rate clock can be adjusted, for example, by noting the drift between correlation peaks. If the receiver is not synchronously sampling the received signal, the spacing between each peak will slowly increase or decrease (depending on whether the clock is respectively sampling too fast or slow) the number of samples between correlation peaks. The peak location will move as a function of time, and it is this motion that can be applied to a PLL circuit, for example, to stop the peak location difference from changing. This is a standard known technique in OFDM receiver design.
The correct location of the FFT trigger, that is, determining which data samples to apply to the FFT engine, can, for example, be determined by collecting 2048 samples after each correlation peak. This is another standard technique in OFDM receiver design.
The correction of carrier offset can be done, for example, in two parts, i.e., in each of a fine and a coarse correction phase. The fine frequency correction can be performed, for example, by applying the quadrature component output of the correlation function into a PLL. Once the quadrature component has been driven to zero (or close to it) it has achieved FFT orthogonality. At this point all data in the FFT bins are orthogonal to each other, avoiding inter carrier interference. This is a standard known technique in OFDM receiver design as well.
Once FFT bin orthogonality has been achieved, the last step to achieve full carrier recovery is to adjust for gross (bulk) frequency offset. Recalling that all FFT data bins are orthogonal but not guaranteed to be in the their correct bins, to detect for gross bin offsets the known 128 bit differentially encoded master frame preamble (MFP) can be used, for example, for the XM signal and the cluster sync signal can be, for example, used for the Sirius signal. Both of these signals are known patterns and can be expected to be found in predetermined bin locations. If detection is found in any bin but the correct one, this is the bulk frequency offset that needs to be applied to the down mixing signal (which will always be a multiple of the FFT bins spacing). In the XM signal the MFP occurs every 0.432 Milliseconds and is always after an AMSS. Thus, in exemplary embodiments of the present invention The AMSS detection flag can be used, for example, to narrow the search for this pattern rather that being performed on every FFT symbol. In the Sirius system, the cluster sync is time distributed over the entire frame duration, one bit in one bin per FFT symbol. In each case, the pattern can be detected after the differential decoder and common phase error remover. Detecting known patterns are standard techniques for receiver design and can be implemented using known techniques. The combined fine and coarse frequency estimates are added together and form the overall mixing frequency to down convert the COFDM signal to baseband.
At this point in the processing, for each of the XM and Sirius COFDM signals, all synchronization tasks have been achieved—i.e., AGC, sampling clock, FFT trigger and carrier recovery. It is noted that all required processing can be achieved using one common receiver structure. The data can next be handed off to the de-interleaver and FEC decoder blocks which are different between XM and Sirius.
While the present invention has been described with reference to certain exemplary embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, the methods of the present invention may be used in any receiver that seeks to interoperate with two different broadcast signals having coding and modulation formats that are disparate in some ways and similar in others. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from its scope. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|25 Apr 2007
|3 Aug 2010
|Agere Systems Inc.
|Multi-channel receiver with improved AGC
|25 Apr 2007
|5 Oct 2010
|Agere Systems Inc.
|Multi-channel receiver with improved AGC
|29 Dec 2006
|12 Jul 2011
|Agere Systems Inc.
|Multi-channel receiver with improved AGC
|13 Apr 2011
|5 Mar 2013
|Agere Systems Llc
|Multi-channel receiver with improved AGC
|29 Jul 2011
|19 May 2015
|Alcatel Lucent
|Frame/symbol synchronization in coherent optical OFDM
|2 Feb 2012
|Noriaki Kaneda
|Frame/symbol synchronization in coherent optical ofdm
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|2 Sep 2008
Owner name: SIRIUS SATELLITE RADIO INC., NEW YORK
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by Fiona Yates Photographs are visual history, and catch a moment in time that we can turn back to again and again. Whether it is a wedding, a birth, a kiss or a grin, the image can catapult us back to the celebration of life. Here are some tips that will make it a good […]
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By Rebecca Lemar We took the children camping on an island up north last week where the ponderosa pine trees grow tall. Our campsite was dotted with buttercups and indian paintbrush that looked like little fallen stars bursting on the tall grass. Through the pines was a long sandy beach. "The children are going to […]
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Greetings from Budapest Z.
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Dear Heinrich! Thank you very much,Julianna
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What if the Smiths had been our little secret -- not a worldwide phenomenon whose appeal crossed cultural barriers with breathless ease, but a closely guarded icon whose worshipers shared in the unique communion of the secret cause? We would feel the ugly satisfaction that comes from being in on a joke that nobody else gets, one supposes. But we'd also wonder why our numbers weren't greater, since -- well, how could anybody not like the Smiths?
Destroyer, a band whose sole permanent member is singer and songwriter Dan Bejar, poses this very question, since Bejar's best moments are every bit as good as Morrissey and Marr's, though general acclaim has thus far eluded him. As it will continue to elude him, I fear. Those were different times, as people are rightly fond of saying, and as Bejar will also say at some point when gripped by another of his outrageously charming allusive seizures. Destroyer's new record, Your Blues, which contains exactly no blues at all, continues the tradition of excellence begun on sophomore effort Thief, which seemed briefly in danger of lapsing into excess on last year's This Night. Practically lousy with great melodies and lyrics that wax wistful while they reject sentiment, Your Blues is a noble attempt to reconcile love of breezy pop with secret indulgence in pop theory and a great, deep love for the album form with romantic fears about its eventual obsolescence. Put it that way and ask yourself: Wouldn't such a description also accurately peg The Queen Is Dead?
Well, yes. Except that Morrissey knew enough to table the question of self-awareness most of the time if fame was the goal; Bejar never fully immerses himself in his narrators, unless (notably) he's talking about life in Vancouver, at which point his records tend to find their most naked moments. There is a degree of remove, most of the time. He has traded in the possibility of idol-worship for a job in an icon shop. What this all amounts to is as follows: Destroyer is, yes, as good as the Smiths, probably smarter, less likely to change the world and just as likely to endure. Yes, really.
Don't believe it? Fine, fine. People who aren't one of us usually don't.
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A story about a dog!4.36 / 5.00 8,421 Views
Finger Painting
this art teacher is WHACK!!!!4.20 / 5.00 11,028 Views
TD-The First Day
Meeting new people on the first day can be a real gamble.4.14 / 5.00 6,413 Views
Sure, the animations were repetitive, but I found it really heightened the suspense, made you anticipate the end. Especially with the epic music. Great job!
lol that was funny
this really made me laugh
not gonna lie XD lol
We where told wrong
Bit repeatable, but the ending is good and striking.
We where told wrong! sadly some still have the religious faith that what was told is the only truth.
Common sence logic fails on each step when aplied to the official story and ongoing ones.
anyways, good to see that movie here. *thumbs up*
What the heck?
After watching this video for the first two minutes, I've noticed you've just used the same animatics over and over again. This movie is alright, but at least use some variation! Sheesh.


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Social Economic and Development Programme
Faith and Justice
Organisational Development
JctrOrg Duty bearers called to action in New town, Kasama #poorsanitation
JctrOrg Press Release 13th August, 2015 INCREASED DEBT AMIDST HIGH COST OF LIVING A CAUSE FOR CONCERN -JCTR. Zambia this... http://t.co/rMgJWAlLVL
JctrOrg The Jesuit Center for Theological Reflection is looking for persons to fill the position of Administrative... http://t.co/4AuB9BCyD3
Decampaign! Decampaign! Decampaign!
The Grand Coalition on the Constitution release will decampaign presidential candidates in the 20th January election who have refused to sign the Social Contract to deliver a people driven constitution. "Decampaign them now! If they are so rude and arrogant now, what more when they are given the instruments of power", says grand coalition chairperson, Fr. Leonard Chiti.
|See Full press statement here.


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Shell Oil is one step closer to drilling offshore from Alaska's northern coasts this summer.
The Environmental Protection Agency's appeals board on Friday denied petitions to review the air permit for its drilling ship Kulluk.
Federal authorities earlier denied review petitions for Shell's other ship, the Noble Discoverer. Environmental and Alaska Native groups have appealed the Discoverer's permits in federal court. Shell spokesman Curtis Smith says he expects the Kulluk's permit also to be challenged but both to survive.
Earthjustice, an environmental law firm representing the groups, didn't immediately return a message Friday.
The Discoverer has been granted permits to drill in both the Beaufort and Chukchi seas; the Kulluk is limited to the Beaufort.
Shell still needs three additional approvals before it can begin drilling this summer.
Vox "Smart Take" Pushes Gun Confiscation. Here's What Would Happen If They Tried. - Bearing Arms - 2nd Amendment, Gun Confiscation
Mollie Hemingway amazed how quickly Planned Parenthood's self-funded report made headlines
Mike Adams - Get Out of My Class and Leave America
Boehner reportedly tells Colorado donors: Ted Cruz is a "jackass" - Hot Air
Charles Payne - The Tide that Lifts All Ships
Republican Party, R.I.P. (1854 - 2016) | RedState
Small But Honest Columnist Again Forced to Correct Highest-Rated Show on Cable TV | Human Events


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Process Water Companies in Florida
Category: Water & Wastewater ×
Subcategory: Process Water ×
Industry: Energy - Bioenergy ×
Location: USA ×
Location: Florida ×
Delta OHM S.r.L.
based in Caselle di Selvazzano, ITALY
Delta Ohm develops and manufactures instruments for measuring:Temperature, humidity, dew point, pressure, BAR, mBar, Pascal, mmH2O, InchHG, psi, air speed, light, Phot, UVA, UVB, UVC, UVindex, Solar Radiation, PAR, Acoustic, Sound meter, Vibration, Noise, CO, CO2, Air Quality, pH, ORP, Redox, Dissolved Oxygen, Turbidity, Data loggers, WBGT microclimate, PPV, PMV, Heat ...
CST Industries Inc
based in Gardena, CALIFORNIA (USA)
CST Industries, Inc., is the complete storage system provider for engineering and manufacturing professionals in thousands of different industries and applications throughout the world. The company is the global leader in the manufacture and construction of factory coated metal storage tanks, aluminum domes and specialty covers. CST`s existing company portfolio consists ...
Metrohm AG
based in Herisau, SWITZERLAND
Metrohm is a worldwide leading manufacturer of precision instruments for chemical analysis. In the field of electrochemical ion analysis Metrohm has been the unchallenged world number one for many years. This is reflected in the company's comprehensive product range: pH meters, ion meters, conductometers, potentiometric, thermometric and Karl Fischer titration, ...
Ulma AB
based in Svenljunga, SWEDEN
ULMA AB was founded by Ulf Eliasson and Martin Karlsson it was a company in Svenljunga in the Southern part of Western Gotaland, Sweden, which sold measurement equipment for the industry. In 2004 we designed and manufactured our first pellet burner and have during the past years tested and improved the product. This company does not only manufacture heating products, but ...
Grundfos Pumps Corporation
based in Bjerringbro, DENMARK
Grundfos is the world`s largest manufacturer of pumps and pump solutions.


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Physician Seeking a Family Medicine physician to join an existing practice currently consisting of 5 FP's and 4 NP's. Replacement for a relocated physician. - Indeed
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Physician Employed setting Rural satellite clinic (Clinton, KY) - established clinic with existing physician extender. Turn key medical office. Opportunity to - Indeed
Physician Barrow Regional Medical Center in Winder, Georgia, is looking for a General Orthopaedic Surgeon with joints to join existing single specialty group - Indeed
Physician Hospital Employed Group setting."Barrow Primary Care" Most primary care physicians practice clinic only and allow the hospitalists to admit all - Indeed
Physician Barrow Regional Medical Center is looking to employ (2) BC/BE Family Practice Physician to join long term physician in successful practice who is - Indeed
Physician Gaffney Medical Center is looking for a BC/BE Family Practice physician to join (2) others in a Single Specialty Group. • Hospital Employed Clinic; - Indeed
Physician Gaffney Medical Center in Gaffney, SC is looking for a BC/BE General Cardiologist. Physician must be able to perform general cardiology duties and - Indeed
Physician Bluffton Regional Hospital seeks to recruit a BC/BE Pediatrician to join an established multi-specialty group. Partnership track is offered. The - Indeed
Physician Bluffton Regional Hospital is seeking to recruit two BC/BE Family Practice physicians to join an existing multi-specialty group. No OB. These - Indeed
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Business Opportunities
Maine Granite Quarry For Sale
www.AcadiaRealtyGroup.com Click Images for Larger View
Bank Short Sale – Ft Meyers, FL
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Corkscrew Road Mine is an active 620 acre construction aggregates mine. With high quality reserves in excess of 28.38 ... Read More...
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Company Name Resource Land Holdings Website www.rlholdings.com Name Bryon Levkulich Telephone (719) 633-1505 Email email@example.com
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- A set of dinosaur footprints were found in a German quarry643 Views
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|Paizo Pathfinder® Paizo Games
|On Sale Now Paizo.com Exclusives Paizo Products Apparel Artwork, Toys & Gifts Award Winners Books & Magazines Downloads Games Gaming Accessories Gift Certificates Sell Your Minis!
Finger Lakes Puzzle
White Mountain Puzzles
Artist: Gary Torrisi. 1000 piece jigsaw puzzle: Finished size 24" x 30"
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Discontinued This product has been discontinued by the manufacturer or is no longer being carried by our distributor.
Are there errors or omissions in this product information? Got corrections? Let us know at firstname.lastname@example.com.
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Arcane Builder (Can I get a true confirmation on this?),
Paizo Blog: Ladies and Gentlemen: Your Top 32!,
If Another AP Got a Hardcover Makeover, Which One Would You Want?,
Starsling Buckler,
Bottled Cloud,
Adamantine daggers do what?,
Blood of... for Changelings, Vishkanyas, and Kitsune?,
Gown of Many Graves,
Advice for running a children's PFS table,
What has this game become?,
DM Immortal's Blood Red Roses: A Skull & Shackles Campaign (Discussion),
DM Doctor Evil's Curse of the Crimson Throne Gameplay,
The Beginning of All Things - Woodbridge Campaign Setting Development,
Fimbulvinter's Northlands Campaign (Gestalt, Mythic Norse Campaign),
Deus Est Machina: Dragoncat's Iron Gods Gameplay,
God-Kings of Valdis,
GM Jiggy's The Hunt Discussion,
[GM Striker] Wrath of the Righteous 2,
The Dragon Reborn,
The Flaxseed Pathfinder Lodge,
Top 32 Contestants Named in Paizo's RPG Superstar,
Big Finish and Paizo Announce the Launch of New Mummy's Mask Audio Adventure Series,
Paizo Announces Record-Setting Year for Pathfinder Society at Gen Con 2015,
Pathfinder Tales' The Redemption Engine Wins Scribe Award at Comic Con,
Pathfinder Roleplaying Game Lands Three ENnie Award Nominations for Excellence in Tabletop Gaming,


text:
Soho House Berlin Accommodation & Rooms
- Free WiFi
Main amenities
- 85 smoke-free guestrooms
- Restaurant
- Full-service spa
- Outdoor pool
- Nightclub
- Rooftop terrace
- Breakfast available
- Sauna
- 24-hour business center
- In-room childcare
- Air conditioning
- Daily housekeeping
What's around
- In Mitte
- Alexanderplatz (0.5 mi / 0.8 km)
- TV Tower (0.6 mi / 0.9 km)
- DDR Museum (0.8 mi / 1.3 km)
- Berlin Cathedral (0.9 mi / 1.5 km)
- Museum Island (1 mi / 1.6 km)
Surprised my husband with a weeekend in Berlin as a birthday present and booked SoHo…
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Soho House Berlin Accommodation & Rooms's small print
This property's policy is to refuse certain bookings for the purpose of group events or parties, including pre-wedding stag/bachelor and hen/bachelorette parties.
Only registered guests are allowed in the guestrooms.
Some facilities may have restricted access. Guests can contact the property for details using the contact information on the booking confirmation.
Reservations are required for massage services and spa treatments and can be made by contacting the property before arrival at the number on the booking confirmation.
Mandatory fees
The city of Berlin imposes a city tax of 5%. Business travelers with proof of business-related travel are exempt from this tax. Guests can contact the property using the information contained in the confirmation received after booking.
Optional extras
Rollaway beds are available for an additional charge
Breakfast costs between EUR 14 and EUR 60 per person (approximately)
Cribs/Infant beds are available for an extra charge
Babysitting/childcare is available for an extra charge
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.


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Benedictine monk and martyr. Also called Thomas Hales, he served as a Benedictine monk at St. Martin's Priory in Dover, England. In 1295, the priory was overrun by a French raiding party which was assailing Dover, and Thomas, being old and infirm, could not escape with the rest of the community. The French raiders demanded that he tell them the whereabouts of the church treasures. When he refused, they murdered him. Miracles were soon reported at his tomb, and an altar was dedicated to him in the priory church in 1500. King Richard II of England (r. 1379-1399) requested that his cause be opened in 1382.
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Our Lady of Guadalupe December 12 (USA) When we reflect on the feast of Our Lady of Guadalupe we learn two important lessons, one of faith and one of understanding. Missionaries who first ... continue reading | shop
Francesco, named in honor of St. Francis of Assisi, was born to Giuseppa and Grazio Forgione, peasant farmers, in the small Italian village of Pietrelcina on May 25, 1887. From his ... continue reading
Many Catholics might remember Saint Blaise's feast day because of the Blessing of the Throats that took place on this day. Two candles are blessed, held slightly open, and pressed against ... continue reading | shop
St. Giles, Abbot (Patron of Physically Disabled) Feast day - September 1 St. Giles is said to have been a seventh century Athenian of noble birth. His piety and learning made him so conspicuous ... continue readingMore Saint of the Day
St. Bridget arrived in Ireland a few years after St. Patrick. Her father was an Irish lord named Duptace. As Bridget grew up, she became holier and more pious each day. She loved the poor and would often bring food and clothing to them. One day she gave away a ... continue readingMore Female Saints
St. Michael the Archangel - Feast day - September 29th The name Michael signifies "Who is like to God?" and was the warcry of the good angels in the battle fought in heaven against satan and his followers. Holy Scripture describes St. Michael as "one of the chief ... continue reading
The name Gabriel means "man of God," or "God has shown himself mighty." It appears first in the prophesies of Daniel in the Old Testament. The angel announced to Daniel the prophecy of the seventy weeks. His name also occurs in the apocryphal book of Henoch. He was the ... continue reading
Saint John Gaulbert, Abbot - Feast day is July 12th The city of Florence gave to the world Saint John Gaulbert. Although he enjoyed the benefits of an early Christian education, his youthful heart ... continue reading
Born in Corinaldo, Ancona, Italy, on October 16 1890; her farmworker father moved his family to Ferrier di Conca, near Anzio. Her father died of malaria and her mother had to struggle to feed her ... continue reading
By Deacon Keith A Fournier
Over the centuries, the Jesuits have been relied upon by Popes as trustworthy, heroic soldiers for Jesus Christ and His Church. Yes, there have been times when the company seemed to lose its fervor. However, Jesus Christ the King has always sent His Spirit to ... continue readingMore Christian Saints & Heroes


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Make Your "Five-Oh" Go Faster and Smoother
Learn how to pump up the volume in your pony.
Jay Leno on his father's cars, and driving 7-litres at 16.
Inaccuracies in print can be more than annoying.
How to Choose a Shop
To be unveiled at the 13th Annual Tasca-Mustang and Ford show.
World record Porsche is the highlight of $ 18.6m sale.
Its most successful Pebble Beach auction to date, Gooding & Company sells more than $ 64.59m in collector cars.
1938 Talbot-Lago T150-C Lago Speciale and a 1954 Ferrari 375 MM Berlinetta each sell for $ 4,620,000.
Mecum sells ex-DeLorenzo Corvette L88, Ferraris, boats and more at the highly successful Monterey Auction.
Mustang's third body style emerges.
Rebirth of the Stratos name looks possible with the release of new spy shots.
We've picked 11 classics, built between 1965 and 1998 that we feel offer a great blend of style, individuality, performance and some cases,...
Upgrading a 1966 Mustang's Baer system from two-piston PBR caliper to six-piston Baer caliper.
West Coast Kustoms Cruisin' Nationals Rock the House in Santa Maria.
Cars were built to be driven, even old ones.
How to choose the right tires for your classic.
The Pros and Cons of Forced Induction Options
Part I: Pre-purchase Inspections and Appraisals
Watch as the experts from Steele Rubber Products show you how to replace these often forgotten but very important window seals.
Watch as the experts from Steele Rubber Products show you just how quick and easy it can be to remove and replace your trunk seal.
375hp of L78 Big-Block Muscle
Watch as the experts from Steele Rubber Products show you how to remove and replace the often overlooked bumpers that keep your hood and...
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Written on: 08/12/2013 by TorridonChris (1 review written)
We had to book flights to Aus at very short notice and because of this the flights were very expensive. However dial a flight worked really hard and found us some flights that we could afford. They also helped us manage arrangements for our family as we were travelling with three children under six and this made a huge difference.
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Featured Properties:
Waterfront lot with shared WF and existing dock in pretty cove in a gated community Cert letter in hand for 3Br home. Boat or fish now, build when you are ready!More Information
Gently sloping 1.09 acre cleared lot located in Bluewater. Recent letter of opinion completed. Bluewater is a gated community on the Public side of Lake Anna offering a sandy beach,picnic pavilion, a community fishing platform, and a boat launch. Paved roads throughout this well kept development. Here is your chance to own a piece of Lake Anna at a great price!More Information


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The coral research vessel is seen in front of Fort Jefferson at the
Dry Tortugas National Park. The Coral Reef/Hardbottom Monitoring
Project uses this vessel to conduct most of FWC's coral reef
monitoring efforts. The R/V Tortugas was named in honor of the
coral research and camaraderie of the scientists who worked there
in the 1970's and 1980's. The vessel is a 37 foot 1979 Stapleton,
substantially modified from her original pleasure boat
configuration. She carries a crew of 6-9 staff, 18 scuba tanks, a
scuba compressor to fill the tanks and coral sampling gear at a
hair-whipping 18 knots!
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Sam Leith: At last a plan to cure the online addicts
They're calling it "offlining". A company called Digital Detox is taking 200 Silicon Valley techies into the woods north of San Francisco for two-week bootcamps, during which they're forced to adopt silly names ("Fat Weasel"; "Fidget Wigglesworth"), banned from talking about work and forbidden to go online.
Lego on the Underground
London Underground is celebrating its 150th anniversary this year, and Lego has marked the occasion by recreating five Tube Maps made entirely out of Lego bricks that will be displayed in major London Underground stations throughout the summer months.


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Item #19961
Product Description
Our Argento Clock offers a vintage feel with transitional style. The frame and face are rendered in brushed, distressed aluminum. Classically tapered hands point to dark bronze Roman numerals, while the oval frame is capped with a ball and hoop finial. Try this decorative clock in your kitchen or living room.
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Leopard Area Rug
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Extreme Weather Belief Like A "pagan rite of human sacrifice to ensure a good harvest"
There was a time when Warmists said "weather is not climate! Yeaaaarrrrrrg!" Now, because fewer and fewer are buying into what they push (which they themselves refuse to act on, as witnessed by the yearly working vacations in exotic locations which produced tens of millions of tons of CO2), they have now moved on to "extreme weather" (some, like Al Gore, have even moved on to "dirty weather") in order to blame every weather event, including snow and cold, on someone else living a modern life
(NY Post) Superstorm Sandy. Parching drought across North America. A scorching midsummer heat wave in the Midwest. All these weather extremes are telltale signs that CO2 causes climate change, according to global warmists.
Indeed, the global climate-change nomenklatura gathered last week in Doha, Qatar eagerly (if grimly) cited Typhoon Bopha, which had just wreaked carnage in the Philippines, as the latest proof.
But it's not. The link between extreme weather and global warming has as much scientific basis as the pagan rite of human sacrifice to ensure a good harvest.
There is no long term trends in "extreme weather" having gotten worse. In fact, in some cases, extreme weather has gotten better. More is available at Watts Up With That? Suffice to say, Warmists are being their typical barking moonbat selves. And still haven't given up their own fossil fueled vehicles, much less reduced their own fossil fuels usage.
Extremes are a natural part of our climate, which constantly changes and is rarely stable for extended periods. In fact, weather extremes are the "old normal," not a "new normal," as UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon proclaimed in Qatar.
Why can't so many rational, well-educated people understand this simple fact? The answer may be superstition.
I'd ditch that talk about "rational, well-educated", as most who are believers in "climate change" have no interest in doing research themselves to determine the reality, and, when one throws around the phrase "climate change", they aren't interested in science, they're interested in politics.
Climate-change skeptics might be regarded as modern-day witches because they think that global warming comes from natural forces. However, it's superstitious alarmists, who believe that extreme weather originates in our CO2 emissions and who have a dread of impending disaster, who are really the witches.
They may have a dread, but, until they act like it's a crisis and make changes in their own lives, there's little reason to believe it is a crisis. And, let's be clear, the debate is not about warming: the Earth has warmed a few degrees since the end of the Little Ice Age. The debate is about causation.
Crossed at Pirate's Cove. Follow me on Twitter @WilliamTeach.
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When liberals look at the poor, first and foremost, they see people who will vote for them in exchange for goodies. This gives liberals a perverse incentive to keep as...Read More
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