text:
Insurance Limits and Case Value - A Clear Correlation?
Cullen & Dykman Sees Colleges Calling for Title IX Help v
"Damages" in an Injury Lawsuit: An Introduction for Lay People
Your Deposition: What to Expect
Trial by Jury: Why It Matters in a Democratic Society
The Burden of Proof -- What must plaintiffs prove to win their case?
Bringing a Lawsuit to Find Out What Happened and Why
Subrogation: Piggyback Claims by Health Insurers in Injury Lawsuits
Who Can Sue the U.S. Government for Injuries? A Legal Primer
Why Secret Settlements of Injury Lawsuits Are Bad (for Everyone but the Defendant)
How Big Tobacco Handles Lawsuits -- Attrition and Wait for Deaths
The Evolution of Informed Consent in U.S. Courts
How Auto Defects Can Cause Passenger Injury
What patients misunderstand about their right of informed consent
Blecker: GM Recalls Show Need for Harsher Penalties for "Red Collar" Criminals
Attorney Client Privilege
Proximate Cause - An Important Practice Tip for Personal Injury Lawyers
Understanding Supplemental Spousal Liability Insurance in NY
The Integrated and Coordinated Approach to Title IX Compliance
Superman's Legal Duty
We walked into the Drug and Device Law Rock Climber's room last night to find her packing for her return to college while the ignored TV blared in the background. Onscreen was a popular cable reality franchise involving...more
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Five Lessons From 2015 Healthcare Deals -
In 2015, we already have seen a great deal of activity in healthcare transactions that is attracting antitrust scrutiny, with mixed results. Among the winners have been Cabell...more
In the wake of numerous data breach cases dismissed for lack of Article III standing based on the Supreme Court's decision in Clapper v. Amnesty Int'l USA, 133 S. Ct. 1138, 1147 (2013), the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals...more
Insured's Notice to Broker Satisfied Policy Requirements, Illinois Court Rules -
Why it matters: An insured's notice to its broker satisfied the policy's notice requirements, an Illinois appellate panel recently...more
The scope of a little-known but nonetheless significant federal healthcare law, the Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Act ("Patient Safety Act), may soon be considered by the United States Supreme Court. In a petition...more
Ashley Madison, a dating website specifically geared towards married individuals looking to have an affair, recently found out it was the victim of cyber hackers who claim to have stolen personal information, including names...more
A recall notice to fix critical control software on 1.4 million vehicles should raise concerns for companies, brokers and insurers across several business lines. The vulnerability of vital control systems to a remote hacking...more
Real property is generally conceived of as tangible and two dimensional. We acquire land described by courses and distances in a deed, depicted by lines on a survey. The laws respecting that land are well-formed; most in the...more
The Federal Court of Appeal recently allowed an appeal expanding the scope of a certified privacy class action relating to the loss of personal data of Canada Student Loans recipients. The case, Condon v. Canada (Condon), had...more
In This Issue:
- USA Freedom Act Brings Changes to Surveillance Program
- Connecticut Enacts Bill Imposing Tighter Data Security Obligations
- Pennsylvania Court Dismisses Data Breach Negligence...more
With the heart of the summer vacation season upon us, it seems like a good time for some reflection. Here, it comes in the form of excerpts from an essay by privacy maven, Deborah Hurley. The one time Director of the Harvard...more
Companies often monitor or record conversations between their employees and customers for training or quality control purposes. California law prohibits monitoring or recording unless both parties consent. Class actions have...more
The defendants in a case pending in Chicago federal court were accused of contravening Facebook's terms of use by accessing its computers in order to create a phony page and then using it to ridicule someone. In Bittman v....more
The Supreme Court of Connecticut recently affirmed the lower court's finding that no coverage obligation exists for insurers in Recall Total Info. Mgmt. v. Fed. Ins. Co., 2015 Conn. LEXIS 150 (Conn. May 26,...more
Creating a private cause of action in negligence for data breaches could result in the filing each year of possibly hundreds of thousands of lawsuits by persons whose confidential information may be in the hands of third...more
In 2014, the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center's computer system was hacked, resulting in the disclosure of sensitive personal information of current and former employees, including names, addresses, birthdates, social...more
Red On May 28, 2015, in the first known ruling of its kind, a trial court in Allegheny County held that Pennsylvania law does not recognize a civil cause of action against companies for failing to secure its employees'...more
In an important and well-reasoned 12-page decision, Judge Wettick of the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County refused to create a common law duty to protect and secure confidential information. The decision was issued in...more
On May 28, 2015, Judge R. Stanton Wettick, Jr. refused to create a new cause of action sounding in negligence allowing a claim for damages resulting from improper disclosure of confidential personal and financial...more
In the past week, several news outlets and social media channels have been buzzing about artist Richard Prince's exhibit New Portraits, which first debuted at the Gagosian Gallery on September 19, 2014 and was reborn with...more
As expected, the Connecticut Supreme Court has affirmed decisions by both the trial court and intermediate appellate court that personal injury liability coverage for a business's data loss or theft requires publication as a...more
The Connecticut Supreme Court heard oral arguments Monday April 27th on an appeal testing the scope of coverage afforded for a business's data loss or theft events under its Commercial General Liability insurance's "Personal...more
Eighth Circuit affirms dismissal of professional wrestler's state-law right of publicity claims arising from ESPN's re-telecast of wrestling match footage as preempted by Copyright Act....more
Fear of liability may match fear of flying for many Americans.
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(VENICE, CA) -- Inari Vachs continues her mini March tour of Texas, this time with three big nights at the Penthouse Club in Texas.
Over the weekend Inaris pretty face was on the front page of Xcritic.com promoting an interview with the babe in which writer Apache Warrior starts with today, goes back to the beginning and swings back full steam into Inaris future.
"With the Academy Awards having been in the news, Inari reminds me of Hollywood glamour and poise," he writes. "However, in her case, she also brings raw passionate sexuality into the equation that would put any mainstream starlet to shame."
Inaris shows at the Penthouse Club will follow this schedule:
Thursday: 11
Friday: 6, 10 & midnight
Saturday: 10 & midnight
When not on the road, Inari has been busy working on some modern classics that are sure to please longtime fans and bring in boatloads of new ones. Shes also been practicing her Funky Chicken, hoping to bring the classic dance to the stage of the XRCO Awards when she co-hosts the event with Tom Byron next month.
The XRCO Awards will be held April 13 at the Highlands Hollywood.
Read Xcritic's interview with Inari at http://www.xcritic.com/columns/column.php? columnID=2540. The Penthouse Club is located at 2618 Winrock, Houston, TX. Visit www.penthousehouston.net for more information the XRCO Awards homepage is at http://XRCO.com/. For more on Inari Vachs visit http://risingstarpr.com/news/.
The Upward Trending Trannie
Elizabeth Bentley Hits Circuit
Tony Batman to Big Easy
Cleopatra Dead
Introducing Bitcoin Porn Sites
Candidate Sex Tape Scandal
Donald Trump Porn Parody
Savana Styles Available
Sex with Donald Trump
Ashley Sinclair Sex Tape
Mercedes Carrera NightMoves Nom
Allie Haze in Columbus
Vivid NYC Nommed
Maryjean on Ink Master
ChargeSavvy at ED Show
Rock'N'SeXXXyu Radio This Thurs
NightMoves Calls for Sponsors
Woodhull Sexual Freedom Summit
Mindbrowse with Royalle, St. James
Raven Bay on Jukeboxx
Tyga's Transexual Affair
OC Signs Darcie Dolce
Raven Bay on Sunset Billboard
Hof Runs for Senate
Poll: Caitlyn Jenner Do Porn
Brittany is Back
Raven Bay at Exxxotica
Driller Signs The Rub
Lex's Tattooed Vixens 2
Little Sassee Cassee in OK
Dee, Michaels in Alabama
Nikki Benz Headlines Ohio
Galaxy Stars to Exxxotica
Caribbean Playground Party
Throwback Expo Registration Rates!
Tanya Tate at Comic Con
Bridget the Midget at Vivid Houston
Ideal Image Supperclub Party
Angela Sommers in Houston
Starfall to Exxxotica
Prinzzess at Treasure Chest
Danica Dillon in Bath
Library Girl at Exxxotica
ED Awards Host Thea Vidale
National Porn Star Day
Strippers Ready for Baseball
Karaoke XXX Needs New Location
ED Expo to Big Easy
Layla Price at Foxxx Booth
Nikki Phoenix Party
Viva Las Vicki
Kendra Lust in Detroit
Starr Sisters in Houston
Nikki Phoenix Update
Vegas Heat Party
XBIZ Rooftop Party
Heaven & Hell Halloween Party
Farrah Abraham at Hustler Hollywood
Amber Lynn at Wasteland
Stripclub Microbrewery on CNN
Nikki Phoenix Karaoke XXX
Asianmodelpalooza 14
Nikki Phoenix Appearances
Miss LA Karaoke XXX
Nikki Delano at Centerfolds
Evil Pin-Ups Karaoke XXX
Monique Alexander in Houston
Nikki Phoenix Hosts Palomino
Nikki Delano at Crazy Horse
Morgan Del Ray Karaoke XXX
Cumisha Amado on Vivid Radio
Nikki Delano on Jukeboxx
Clubs & Appearances Section Index

subset: commoncrawl


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Wladimir Klitschko Interview – Klitschko vs Jennings
Wladimir Klitschko: Good afternoon, everybody.
Q. When you're at the stage of Bryant Jennings now where you're climbing, where you weren't yet the champion, what did life change after you became the heavyweight champion of the world? Also, fighting again in the United States and bringing the belt back here?
A. The first question was how did it feel when I became champion?
Q. How did it change your life? Continue reading
Klitschko vs Jennings – Bryant Needs A Miracle!
There's one more big fight to get excited about before May 2nd, and like last weeks Crawford and Matthysse fights, it's in danger of being a little overshadowed by this generations "big one"
Dominant lineal heavyweight champion Wladimir Klitschko (63-3, 53ko) returns to America to face relative novice Bryant Jennings (19-0, 10ko) at the world famous Madison Square Garden on Saturday, and in the opinion of this writer, "By-By" needs a miracle bigger than turning water into wine if he is to be victorious. Continue reading
Bryant Jennings Interview – Klitschko vs Jennings
Bernie Bahrmasel: Up next and ready to go is number one ranked and undefeated challenger fighting out of the great town of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, home of numerous world champions, including legendary heavyweights Joe Frazier and Tim Witherspoon and returning to Madison Square Garden, site of his two most recent and biggest victories over Artur Szpilka and Mike Perez, both telecast on HBO, with a record of 19-0-1-0 with 10 knockouts, Bryant "By-By" Jennings. Bryant, are you there?
Bryant Jennings: Yes, I'm here. All good.
Bernie Bahrmasel: Can you tell us a little bit about how camp is going so far? Continue reading
May 2nd – "The World Will Stop Rotating On It's Axis" says David Haye
Now we are less than a fortnight away, the time for the focus on the big fight will naturally grow more intense, and as the proposed date looms, figures from all corners of boxing are giving their opinion on the proposed outcome.
Kugan Cassius of iFLtv recently spoke to Britain's former unified world cruiserweight champion and WBA heavyweight champion David Haye, to ask him his thoughts on the outcome.
One of the hotly debated topics among fans is whether this fight has come too late for both fighters, each arguably displaying their own (small) signs of decline. Continue reading
Freddie Roach: Training Manny Pacquiao Saved Me From Suicide
Ahead of the proposed "Fight Of The Century" on May 2nd at the MGM Grand, Manny Pacquiao's trainer Freddie Roach has told respected British fight journalist Gareth A. Davies of The Telegraph, that were it not for his dedication to the sport as a whole, and in particular to training Filipino wizard Pacquiao, he could be a dead man already.
Roach, who has suffered with Parkinson's for 23 years, explained the medication he takes daily to combat it often induces suicidal thought. Continue reading
Pacquiao tele-conference call: Bob Arum "Oh F***! Lets reschedule the call!"
Top Rank statement: "At the top of the hour there were a massive number of calls from the media. Our conference call system, which has worked for years literally went down and we were unable to communicate with our operators. This was very unfortunate and we apologize."– Lee Samuels
"I'm not thinking about bigger or taller…I'm used to it…the legacy that I achieved in boxing is already there," stated 8-division world champion Manny Pacquiao, who made it clear that he's not concerned aobut undefeated pound-for-pound king Floyd Mayweather being the naturally bigger fighter… Continue reading
Floyd/Manny Under-card- Santa Cruz Speaks Ahead Of The Fight
WBC super bantamweight champion Leo Santa Cruz (29-0,17ko) has spoken to FightHype.com ahead of his scheduled "Golden Ticket" appearance on May 2nd's "Fight Of The Century" under-card, where he is to square off against unremarkable Hungarian fighter Zsolt Bedak (24-1, 8ko)
Santa Cruz, who is looked after by manager Al Haymon, is gushing in his praise of the PBC mastermind, who himself is credited with rejuvenating the career of Floyd Mayweather, at least financially, by helping him out of his prior contract disputes with Top Rank and Bob Arum some years previously. Continue reading
Ruslan Provodnikov – What now for Siberia's Rocky?
Last night in Verona, the watching world saw Lucas Matthysse (37-3, 34ko) and Ruslan Provodnikov (24-4, 17ko) deliver twelve brutal rounds that in my opinion adequately delivered on the promise of war. Yet because the much mooted knockout between the punchers failed to transpire, reports by sites like Sky Sports in the UK are saying;
"The predicted slug-fest between the two heavy hitters never really took off"
I guess some folk are never truly happy because in my mind the fight played out much as I thought it would, with the hittable Provodnikov getting banged up by a Matthysse who used more of the boxing skill we knew he had going in. He boxed a sensible fight fight for me and didn't get caught trading TOO often!! Continue reading
Deakin vs Bieber – "Let's Get It On!"
Essex's "Rockin" Robin Deakin (1-51, 0kos) often gets referred to as Britain's "worst" boxer, a label he himself happily revels in. The focus last year of some rather cruel and mocking press in the national newspapers, Deakin, who at the time had his licence suspended by the British board, has taken everything in his stride, even when his right to earn a living was perhaps unfairly taken from him. Continue reading
Olympic champion Oleksandr Usyk defeats Andrey Knyazev via TKO 8
Oleksandr Usyk (7-0, KO 7) of the Ukraine outworked his Russian opponent Andrey Knyazev (11-2) in the main event of a K2 promotions show in the Sports Palace in Kiev, Ukraine under the watchful eye of the city mayor Vitali Klitschko.
Usyk won the WBO Inter-Continental cruiser weight title and his 3rd place in the WBO rankings suggests a showdown with cruiser weight king Marco Huck (Muamer Hukić) in the near future. Tony Bellew and Krzytof Glowacki occupy the top two spots but getting past them should be a formality for Usyk. Continue reading


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 17, 2003
|Filing date
|Aug 20, 2001
|Priority date
|Jul 9, 1997
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Kenbe D. Goertzen
|Original Assignee
|Quvis, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (13), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (9), Classifications (10), Legal Events (11)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention is a continuation of our prior application Ser. No. 09/112,668, filed Jul. 9, 1998 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,298,160; which claimed the benefit of provisional application Ser. No. 60/052,144, filed Jul. 9, 1997; the disclosures of both of these related applications are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention relates to the processing of signals, and more particularly to an apparatus and method for entropy coding in the processing of signals.
One shortcoming of conventional processing of electronic signals concerns the techniques that are used to reduce the amount of data that is used to represent the signal. One way that the amount of data required to represent a signal is reduced is by using data compression techniques.
Entropy coding is one technique for reducing the amount of data that is used to represent signals. Entropy coding changes the way that the actual values are stored, or redefines them, to reduce the amount of information that is used to represent a signal. A simple type of coding used in image coding, for example, uses a difference value instead of an actual value to represent pixels. Specifically, difference coding maintains the difference between each pixel and the previous pixel in an image. This coding type offers better compression when images are highly correlated because the pixel differences are low. However, difference coding is deficient in its failure to adequately compress the many images, or other types of data signals, that are not highly correlated.
Many conventional processors implement fixed probabilities to represent the symbol stream. One type of fixed probability coding is variable length coding, where values are coded based upon their expected frequency of occurrence. Specifically, if a certain value is expected to occur frequently within the images to be processed, then a short code (e.g., 1) is used to represent that value. However, if another value is expected to occur infrequently, then it is represented by a long code (e.g., 000001). Fixed probability coding, such as Huffman type, offers compression for signals with expected value distributions, but is not as effective when values vary greatly, which is often the case because data can make rapid and extreme localized changes in probability distributions.
An improvement to this form of signal processing implements a coding system, called historical coding, that encodes the signal using statistics collected on recent symbols in the signal. One implementation of this system involves using a table to keep a tally of the symbols in the signal. The tally kept for each symbol determines how the symbol will be encoded. These historical coding systems suffer from several problems. First, processing overhead is a function of the resolution of the data to be processed. Relatively large symbol sets require greater computational overhead. Additionally, as symbol sets are enlarged to increase signal resolution, larger neighborhoods of data are required to collect meaningful statistics. Thus, with large symbol sets, if the local probability is changing rapidly a large sample size can actually counter prompt and accurate determination of local probability. As the symbol set becomes large, it becomes progressively less likely that a specific symbol will be repeated in a local neighborhood.
Efforts to solve the problems of coding based upon data distribution collection have lead to complex systems which are difficult to implement in hardware, do not readily allow for either fast execution or reasonable cost, and provide low frequency approximations of local probability. These coding methods are also unable to implement effective encryption protection for the coded stream being transmitted. Combining entropy coding with encryption improves both the security and efficiency of communication.
Accordingly, there remains a need for signal processing that implements an entropy coding scheme that more efficiently reduces data quantities and does so in a real time environment. Additionally, there remains a need to effectively implement encryption technology during signal processing such that unauthorized receipt or use of the symbol stream can be prevented.
The present invention is a system and method for encoding symbols in a symbol stream to compress the amount of data required to represent a signal corresponding to the symbol stream. When coding a current symbol, a modeling value is calculated by a modeling module as a function of a sampling of symbols local to a current symbol. The classification module uses the modeling value to create, or retrieve, a probability function that corresponding to the stream. The probability function is used to calculate the probability that the current symbol would have been the next symbol in the stream. The encoding of the current symbol depends upon the probability that the current symbol would have been the next symbol in the stream. An encoder uses more or less bits to encode the symbol based on the probability provided.
The system and method can further be used to decode the symbols using the same process for determining a modeling value and mapping the modeling value to a probability function as was performed by the encoder. The characteristics of the bits in the encoded symbol are used by the decoder to determine the probability assessed by the encoder. The probability function retrieved by the decoder is used in a reverse lookup in order to determine the original symbol value that was encoded. Furthermore, an encryption value can be used to select the appropriate modeling, classification, or probability function preventing unauthorized decoding of the stream.
These and other more detailed and specific objects and features of the present invention are more fully disclosed in the following specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the coding system of the present invention.
FIG. 2 provides a schematic of an encoding apparatus that encodes a symbol stream according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 provides a schematic of a decoding apparatus that decodes a symbol stream according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a sample set of probability functions used to encode and decode the symbol stream;
FIG. 5 A flowchart illustrating the method of coding data of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a table with sample values illustrating the process of encoding a symbol stream.
The present invention is a system and method for compressing and coding signals in a symbol stream. The signals may be encoded using encryption codes preventing unauthorized decoding of the stream. The invention compresses both symbol streams that will be transmitted in real time or data in a discrete data set. Operations are performed on the symbol stream enabling data modeling and classification such that the appropriate coding of the symbols in the symbol stream can be performed. Preferably, the symbol stream presented to the entropy coder is relatively zero centered, which will be the case if an appropriate transform, such as a wavelet transform, is performed on the symbol stream.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the coding system of the present invention. The system comprises: a modeling module 110, a classification module 120, a probability mapping system 130, and an entropy coder 140. The entropy coder 140 receives a probability function based on the results of operations performed on the symbol stream by the modeling module 110, classification module 120 and probability mapping system 130. The entropy coder 140 may further use encryption algorithms to provide a compressed and encrypted symbol stream.
The modeling module 110 receives the quantified symbol stream. The modeling module 110 uses the quantified symbols to calculate a modeling value, or set of modeling values, that characterizes the stream. In the preferred embodiment, the modeling value is a number that is calculated based on the most recent quantified symbol values. A local estimate of the modeling value is made using a function, B[t], that approximates the local modeling value at a point t in the symbol stream. For example, the modeling value can be determined using a function operating upon a local sample of the symbol stream such as:
where the modeling value at time t is approximated by the function B[s(t)] operating on the last n symbols. A preferred function that can be used by the modeling module 110 to help generate a modeling value and that works well over a very broad range of image types is a short term weighted average of the magnitudes represented by the symbols. The following equation may be used by the modeling module 110 to generate a weighted average:
where ws is the weighted sum of the symbol values at time t−1 through t−n and where n is the number of symbols included in the weighted sum. The weighted sum equation gives the greatest weight to the most recent symbol because the last object often serves as the best predictor of the function that approximates the actual probability of the next value in the stream. In one embodiment, the weighted sum is the modeling value 115 passed to the classification module 120. Alternatively, the weighted sum could also be used in a further calculation to generate a modeling value 115. This includes using a particular function to generate the modeling value 115 for some values while using a different function to calculate the modeling value 115 for other values. For example, a logarithm function could be used on the weighted sum if it is more than 1 while a direct mapping between the weighted sum and the modeling value 115 could be used when the sum is less than 1. Furthermore, although the modeling value 115 has been described as a single numeric value, the modeling value 115 could further comprise multiple values that provide information about the objects in the symbol stream. The modeling value 115 could include a deviation value, for instance, indicating the deviation between the values of the quantified symbols. Once the modeling value 115 has been generated, it is passed to the classification module 120.
The classification module 120 receives the modeling value 115 from the modeling module 110. The classification module 120 uses the modeling value 115 to classify, or map, the symbol stream to a probability function. The classification module 120 could generate a probability function based on the modeling value 115, such as using the value as a coefficient in the function, or could simply use the value to map the symbol stream to a probability function. If the value is used to map the symbol stream to a probability function, the probability function may be generated in a continuous fashion using each new modeling value 115 to make adjustments to the probability function. Furthermore, the classification module 120 could map the symbol stream to one of several discrete probability functions.
For example, if the data approximates a bell function, a set of bell functions with varying shapes could be provided. The modeling value 115 could be generated based on the amount by which the quantified symbol values vary from each other and could be used to define the shape of the function. For example, if most of the values are similar, the symbol stream could be mapped to a bell function that is a tall and thin. If there is a lot of variation among the values, the symbol stream could be mapped to a bell function that is a short and wide. In such a case, the modeling value 115 could measure of the variation among symbol values by using a calculated value, such as the standard deviation of the symbol values, in the symbol stream.
The probability function, as well as any parameters that define the shape of the function, are passed to the probability mapping system 130. The probability mapping system 130 uses the probability function to determine the probability of one or more of the symbols in the symbol set. The probability of an object determines how many bits will be used to encode the object in the symbol stream. If the object is one that has a low probability of occurring, more bits will be used to encode the object. On the other hand, if the probability mapping system 130 determines that the object is highly probable, only a few or even less than one bit can be used to transmit the information over the symbol stream. In either case, the probability values generated using the probability function are passed from the probability mapping system 130 to the coder 140.
The coder 140 encodes or decodes the symbols in the symbol stream based on the probabilities provided by the probability mapping system 130. The coder 140 may be any parameterized encoder that can code an input symbol stream based on a probability or probability function. The coder 140 receives the symbol stream and encodes or decodes the symbols in the stream accordingly.
Referring now to FIG. 2, a schematic of an encoding apparatus that encodes a symbol stream according to the present invention is shown. The encoding apparatus comprises a modeling system 210, a classifier 220, a probability map 230, an entropy encoder 240 and a control apparatus 285. A symbol stream is received by the modeling system 210 and the quantified symbol values are used to generate a weighted sum. The weighted sum is used only as an example of the function that can be used to generate a modeling value 115 and alternate, or additional, functions could be used. In this example, a further calculation using the base 2 logarithm of the weighted sum is used to generate the modeling value 115 passed to the classifier 220.
The modeling system 210 also comprises a zero count encoder 260. The zero count encoder 260 monitors the stream for strings of zeros. When a triggering event occurs, such as the weighted sum calculation equaling zero, the zero count encoder 260 begins tracking the number of zeros. The first zero passed after the triggering event causes the zero count encoder 260 to transmit a modeling value 115 indicating that the zero count encoder 260 will be providing a modeling value 115 as well as the weighted sum function 250. If the next symbol is also a zero, the zero count encoder waits until the next symbol in the stream has been received before transmitting a modeling value 115. If the symbol is not a zero, then the modeling value 115 generated using the logarithm of the weighted sum is again used to encode the stream. If the next value is also zero, however, the zero count encoder 260 transmits a −1 modeling value 115. This modeling value 115 indicates that two zero values have been passed. As the stream of zeros continue, the zero count encoder 260 continues counting increasingly large sets of zeros before transmitting a modeling value 115. For example, after a modeling value 115 of −1 has been transmitted based on a string of 2 zeros in the stream, the zero count encoder 260 will not transmit the next modeling value 115 of −2 until after four zeros have been passed. This process continues with the number of zeros in the set increasing by powers of two before the next modeling value 115 is transmitted. If a non-zero value is in the stream before the next set of zeros is complete, the modeling value 115 calculated according to the weighted sum calculation is used.
The classifier 220 uses the modeling value(s) 115 passed by the modeling system 210 to generate or select a probability function. The classifier 220 performs the functions of the classification module 120 and the probability mapping system 130 as described with reference to FIG. 1. In this embodiment, the classifier 220 retrieves one of the stored probability functions based on the modeling value 115 and transmits the probability map 230 to the code lookup table 275 of the entropy coder. The probability of the current symbol is retrieved from the code lookup table 275 and transmitted to the code assembler 280. The code assembler 280 receives the probability, and other parameters that are used to encode the symbol, and outputs the symbol into the encoded stream 150.
A zero detect circuit 265 is also provided in the entropy coder 240 in order to encode strings of zeros. When the zero count encoder 240 transmits a modeling value 115 to the classifier 220, the entropy coder 240 codes the set of zeros corresponding to that modeling value 115 as a single encoded symbol. The modeling value 115 determines the number of zeros in the set represented by the encoded symbol. For example, a modeling value 115 of −3 indicates that eight zeros (23) are represented by a single encoded zero in the stream 150. Thus, the zero detect circuit 265 counts and removes the zeros corresponding to the set and passes a single unencoded zero for each complete set to the code assembler to be encoded. A single zero encoded by the code assembler 280 inserted into the stream 150 and represents all of the zeros in set corresponding to the last modeling value 115. Any non-zero values, or zero values that are being coded normally, are ignored by the zero detect circuit 265.
The encoding apparatus further comprises a control apparatus 285. The control apparatus 285 monitors the transmissions between the modeling system 210, the classifier 220, and the encoder 240 to insure that the signals are in the proper time phase. The illustrated encoding apparatus is a single embodiment of the present invention as the particular components included in the system, and the functions used by each of the components, can and will vary between embodiments.
Referring now to FIG. 3, a schematic of an apparatus that decodes a symbol stream according to the present invention is shown. The decoding apparatus comprises: a modeling system 210, a classifier 220, a probability map 230, and an entropy decoder 340. The encoded stream 150 is initially received by the entropy decoder 340. The decoder 340 retrieves a probability map 230 and uses the characteristics of the encoded symbol to decode the symbol. The encoding process involves assessing the probability of the symbol and encoding it based on that probability. The decoding process performs the process in reverse. The characteristics of the bits used to encode the data enable the decoder 340 to calculate the probability that was used to encode the data. The decoder 340 uses the probability map 230 to match the calculated probability with the original symbol. The original symbol replaces the encoded symbol in the resulting decoded stream 105.
When the stream 150 is initially received by the decoder 300, the classifier 220 and modeling system 210 have not received enough values to generate a probability map 230 that corresponds to the stream 105 being received. In order to decode the first few symbols in the stream 150, a default probability map 230 or function 250 may be used. This insures that the encoder 240 and the decoder 340 are calculating the same probabilities for the same symbols. In many applications, such as streaming video, the symbol stream has a starting frame that can be used to store special symbols that indicate the function to be used. For example, an initializing symbol, such as a zero, could be used to start the stream and, since the decoder knows that the encoded value is a zero, the decoder can use the number of bits used to encode the zero as an indicator of the function being used to generate the probability map 230. The decoding scheme may also provide a converging error value such that, over time, the values decoded using the incorrect probability map will generate a modeling value 115 that generates the appropriate probability map 230.
Furthermore, the selection of the initial probability function may be based on an encryption value. The encryption value may be generated by any encryption means using different variables to calculate the value. For example, the serial number and user name in a software program could be used in a public key encryption system. Public key encryption system provide each person gets two keys—a public key and a private key. The keys allows a person to either encrypt (lock) a message, or to decipher (unlock) an encoded message. Each person's public key is published and the private key is kept secret. Messages are encrypted using the intended recipient's public key and can only be decrypted using the private key, which is generated using variables such as the serial number and user name. As the determination of the probability function used to decode the values is based on the proper decryption of the symbols, this method can be used to prevent unauthorized receipt of the symbol stream. The public key encryption is used as an example of an encryption method but other encryption methods may also be used.
Once an initial probability function has been retrieved and the corresponding probability map 230 is transmitted to the decoder 340, the encoded symbol stream 150 is decoded using the same process as when it was encoded. The quantified values of the decoded symbols are transmitted to the modeling system 210 and a modeling value 115 is generated in the same fashion as the encoding side. The modeling value 115 is then passed to the classifier 220 and the corresponding probability function is used to generate a probability map 230. The characteristics of the bits used to encode the data enable the decoder 340 to calculate the probability that was calculated for the symbol when being encoded. The probability map 230 is received by the decoder and is entered into the code lookup table 275. The code disassembler 340 then uses code look up table 275 to match the calculated probability with the original symbol. The resulting decoded values are transmitted in the decoded symbol stream 105. Additionally, a zero count mechanism 270 is provided in order decode zeros encoded using the zero counting system. When a triggering event occurs in the decoded stream 105, received by the modeling system 210, the values are transmitted to the code disassembler 380. The zero count mechanism 270 provides the code dissembler 380 with a zero count indicating the number of zeros that will be entered in the stream 105.
Referring now to FIG. 4, a sample set of probability functions is shown. The classification module 120 can generate the functions based on the modeling value 115 received or can store functions that are mapped to particular modeling value 115 s. The modeling value 115 characterize the stream enabling identification of the best corresponding function.
As the illustration demonstrates, the functions 410, 420, 430 reflect different probabilities for identical quantified values. If the modeling value 115 maps the symbol stream to the function 420, for example, the probability of getting a zero will be calculated to be about 0.01. If more zeros are received, the modeling value 115 will drop and the new modeling value 115 will map to function 410 that demonstrates an increasingly probability (about 0.02) of a zero symbol being the next symbol in the stream. This results in fewer bits used to encode the zeros in the stream and coding efficiency increases.
A flowchart illustrating the method of coding data of the present invention is shown in FIG. 5. The method begins when a symbol stream is received by the modeling module 110. The modeling module 110 receives 505 a current symbol. The modeling module 110 uses the quantified values to calculate 510 a modeling value 115. A function, such as a weighted average function, is used to calculate the modeling value 115. The type of function used, and the parameters of the function used, may vary depending on the characteristics of data that is being encoded. For instance, if the function calculates a weighted average, the parameter controlling the number of elements used to calculate the weighted average may vary based on the symbol stream. A weighted average may be calculated by using more values when a symbol stream has occasional spikes and may use less values for calculating the weighted averaged for a stream that tends to be stable. If a weighted average is used, the calculated modeling value 115 is a single numeric value but other functions may generate one or more values that model the symbol stream. The weighted average could further be used in a second function to calculate the modeling value 115.
In the preferred embodiment, a modeling value 115 is calculated 510 by taking the base two logarithm of a weighted average of the quantified symbols and rounding the logarithm value to the nearest integer. The calculated modeling value 115 is transmitted to the classification module 120. Other functions, however, could also be used to calculate the modeling value 115 based on particular characteristic of the stream. This is particularly true when a modeling function cannot be used over certain ranges of values. For example, a logarithm function provides no information when the weighted average is equal to zero. Under these conditions, the modeling module 110 can provide an additional modeling function to generate another modeling value 115. For example, a second modeling value 115 is calculated using the number of zeros in the stream as a revised modeling value 115. If the weighted average is equal to zero and the next symbol is also a zero, the modeling module 110 can pass a modeling value 115 of zero to the classification module 120. The modeling value 115 generated using the alternate function can be used as long as the weighted sum is zero. This enables greater flexibility in compression as particular portions of the symbol stream may vary in ways that can be anticipated with an improved modeling value 115 function. Further details of the process of moving between modeling functions is described with reference to the table in FIG. 6.
The classification module 120 maps 515 the model value to a probability function. The probability function could be generated using the model value, such as using the model value as the base of a power function, or may be used to select a probability function from a set of functions stored in the classification module 120. For instance, the classification module 120 could store a selection of sixteen functions that reflect different types of symbol streams and the modeling value 115 could be used to select among these sixteen probability functions. Alternatively, the function could be a function that is continuously adjusted as the modeling value 115 changes. The selected probability function or function is transmitted 520 to the probability mapping system 130.
The probability mapping system 130 receives the probability function. If the stream is being encoded 530, the probability mapping system 130 calculates 525 a probability map 230 that includes the probability that current symbol would have been the next symbol in the stream. The probabilities are provided to the code lookup table 275 that stores the probabilities for retrieval by the code assembler 280. The probability of the current symbol determines the number of bits that will be used to encode the symbol. The symbol is mapped 550 to the appropriate probability. The symbol will be encoded 555 with only a few bits if the probability of the current symbol being the next symbol in the stream is highly likely relative to the probability of the other symbols in the symbols set. More bits will be used to encode the symbol as the relative probability of the current symbol decreases. The decoded symbol is then transmitted 560 in the encoded symbol stream 150.
If the stream is being decoded 530, the probability map is passed to the code lookup table 275 that provides a means for mapping 535 the number of bits in the encoded symbol with the probability used by the coder to encode the symbol. For example, if only a single bit was used to encode the symbol, the probability calculated on the encoding end was quite high. The characteristics of the bit, such as whether a 1 or 0 were used for example, is also used to refine that probability. If a single zero were used, for instance, then the symbol is matched to the highest probability in the probability function.
The decoder then maps 540 the probability with the appropriate quantified symbol that replaces the encoded symbol in the decoded symbol stream. On the encoding end, each symbol is assigned a probability based on the modeling value 115 and corresponding probability function. This process is now reversed. For example, if the number "N" was the symbol that, according to the probability function, was most likely to be the next symbol in the stream, the coder would decode a symbol with the least number of bits as "N". This process is repeated and new modeling value 115, and the corresponding probability function, is used to decode each symbol dynamically. The decoded symbol is then transmitted into the stream 545.
The following description provides an example a symbol stream being coded according to the present method. For illustration purposes, the probability of getting a zero as the next symbol in the symbol stream, as provided by the probability function matching the modeling value 115 and other relevant factors, has been provided in a table in FIG. 6. In this example embodiment, the modeling module 110 determines the modeling value 115 by calculating an adjusted logarithm base two of the weighted average of the last four symbols in the stream. The calculated value is rounded to the nearest integer and this modeling value 115 is passed to the classification module 120. Additionally, in this example, the classification module 120 stores a selection of probability functions that are mapped to each of the modeling value 115. Finally, a symbol set size of 4096 is used and 24 functions will be stored in the classification module 120. The use of these parameters in this example is meant to demonstrate the practical application of the invention to data transmission and is not meant to restrict the scope of the claims. Any number of different modeling value 115 calculations, probability functions, and symbol sets can be used to effectively implement the invention.
Suppose that the last four symbols in the stream prior to the current symbol provided high symbol values resulting in a weighted average of 768. The adjusted base 2 logarithm of the weighted average equals 10 and this modeling value 115 is passed to the classification module 120. The probability function corresponding to a modeling value 115 equal to 10 is retrieved by the classification module 120 and passed to the probability mapping system 130. The probabilities provided by the probability mapping system 130 is used by the encoder to encode the symbol. Suppose further that the current symbol being transmitted is a zero. With reference to the table, the probability that the first symbol will equal zero is calculated to be 1 in 1535. Since the zero was extremely unexpected, the zero would be encoded with approximately twelve bits. These twelve bits would be provided in the coded value stream 150 by the entropy coder 240.
Now suppose that the next symbol (the second symbol) also equals zero. This results in a reduction of the modeling value 115, possibly to nine, depending on the values of the symbols prior to the first symbol. The probability distribution corresponding to a modeling value 115 equal to nine would then be used to encode the second symbol. The second symbol would be encoded just as the first symbol and provided in the stream of coded values 150 by the coder 240. In this case, however, the symbol would require only 11 bits to encode since the probability distribution indicated a greater likelihood of zero. As low values (such as zeroes) are encountered, the classification module 120 passes probability functions that indicate a greater likelihood of such values and encoding efficiency increases. Additionally, particularly where, as here, a weighted sum using a limited number of values such as four is used, the appropriate probability distribution will rapidly transition to one appropriate to the stream. This method is enhanced by the provision of an alternate function that calculates a modeling value 115 according to the zero count. For example, if four consecutive zeroes are encountered, then for the fifth symbol the function corresponding to the modeling value 115 of zero could be used. The following example illustrates the transition between two functions that are used to calculate the modeling value 115 for different types of streams. For illustration purposes, it will be assumed that when the stream has an average value of zero, the alternate function will be implemented.
Continuing with the same parameters as used in the previous example, suppose that after the function corresponding to a modeling value 115 of 10 was used because of prior high value history, the next four symbols were zero (symbols one through four). The symbols would have been encoded according to the probability functions mapped to the calculated modeling value 115 and would be provided in the stream of coded values 150 produced by the entropy coder 240. For the fifth symbol, the weighted sum would equal zero so the probability distribution where the modeling value 115 equals 0 is used.
When the modeling value 115 is zero, however, an alternate function is used to provide an additional modeling value 115. In this case, the zero counting method is preferably implemented. If the fifth symbol does not equal zero, it is encoded using the distribution corresponding to the previous modeling value 115 using the standard encoding process as described above. Suppose, however, that the fifth symbol does equal zero. This zero would not be immediately used to generate a new modeling value 115. As explained above, the probability function used to encode the symbol will depend on subsequent symbol values. Suppose that the sixth symbol also equals zero. Because two consecutive zeroes would have been encountered, a new modeling value 115 of −1 is calculated. When the modeling value 115 is −1, a zero inserted by the encoder into the coded value stream 150 is the equivalent of two (21) zeros. Thus, a single coded zero would actually represent the two zeroes corresponding to the fifth and sixth symbols.
If four more zeroes (for symbols 7-10) were passed in the stream 105, a modeling value 115 at of −2 would be calculated and the four zeros set would be represented by a single zero in the coded value stream. Thus, the coder 240 would insert "00" into the coded stream 150 for the actual values "000000" for symbols 5-10. Eight more zeros (for symbols 11-18) must be passed in the stream 105 to complete the zero set corresponding to a modeling value 115 of −3. At this point, eight consecutive zeroes would be stored as a 0. Thus, "000" could be the coded value stream for the actual values "00000000000000" of symbols 5-18. This process continues by doubling the number of zeros required in a set before the next modeling value 115 is calculated.
Suppose, however, that after an initial state having a modeling value 115 equal to 10, only symbols 1-14 were zero, and that symbol 15 was non-zero. The coded value stream 150 would include appropriate coding for the zeroes of symbols 1-4, and "00" for symbols 5-10. A third consecutive zero, which would have corresponded to eight 0s (11-18) would not be included in the stream 150 of coded values. Rather, once non-zero value 15 would be encountered, it would be encoded using the conventional coding scheme (according to the b equals minus three function) and would be inserted into the coded value stream 150. Additionally, the four zeroes for symbols 11-14 would be represented by a codeword indicating that the next set of zeroes would also be inserted directly the stream 150 of coded values.
Assume that the designation (ECn) is the coded value for the nth symbol (e.g., for the first symbol, as described above, EC1 would be 11 bits of information). A resulting exemplary stream 150 of coded values would sequentially be (EC1), (EC2), (EC3), (EC4), 0, 0, (EC15), (codeword). Alternatively, the (codeword) could precede (V15) in the stream of coded values. The progression of zeroes in this example would be compactly provided in the coded value stream 150. For example, "00000" in a coded value stream 150 would represent 44 zeroes from the original symbol stream 105. Indeed, when the modeling value 115 is equal to minus 12, a single zero in the coded value stream 150 would represent 4096 (212) zeroes in the original symbol stream 105. 4096 is just an exemplary limit and the invention can be implemented with higher consecutive zero representations. Additionally, zero is used to demonstrate the method and other non-zero centered schemes could be implemented. Furthermore, although powers of two are implemented in the preferred embodiment, the method does not have to be base two driven.
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|U.S. Classification
|382/244, 382/247, 341/50, 382/232
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Oct 12, 2001
|Jan 3, 2007
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Feb 2, 2007
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text:
Quad Cities (9-10) got to Ross in the first inning. Greg Garcia doubled with two outs. Jonathan Rodriguez was next and he doubled to knock in Garcia for a 1-0 lead.
Bandits starter Trevor Rosenthal also tossed a complete game and he struck out eight over six innings. But, Wisconsin got to him in the second inning.
TJ Mittelstaedt singled with one out. Cameron Garfield, in his first at bat since coming off the disabled list, doubled into right and Wisconsin (6-10) had runners at second and third. Carlos George knocked in Mittelstaedt and moved Garfield to third with an infield single. Franklin Romero dropped a hard bunt up the first base line and Garfield, who was not running on the pitch, beat the throw home and Wisconsin was up 2-1.
Reggie Keen manufactured a run in the bottom of the third inning. He singled to start the frame, stole second, and took third on a grounder by Nick Shaw. Cody Hawn's sacrifice fly plated Keen for a 3-1 advantage.
Ross, the reigning Midwest League Pitcher of the Week, took over from there. The right-hander out of LSU worked around a one out single in the fifth, a one out double in the sixth, and a two out walk in the seventh to record the complete game.
The win snapped a five game losing streak for the Rattlers.
Wisconsin continues their homestand on Thursday evening with a game against the Clinton LumberKings. Matt Miller (0-2, 6.46) is the scheduled starting pitcher for the Rattlers. Seon Gi Kim (0-1, 4.20) is set to start for Clinton. Game time is 6:35pm. If you can't make it out to Time Warner Cable Field, tune in for the broadcast on AM1280, WNAM or on timberrattlers.com at 6:15pm starting with the Miller Lite Pregame Show.
Click here for a complete boxscore of game two
WP: Austin Ross (2-0) LP: Trevor Rosenthal (1-2)
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Muskingum County's Child Support Enforcement is educating residents throughout August on how emotional, financial and medical support play into the success of a child.
This month is Child Support Awareness month in Ohio. During the month the lobby of the Eastpike facility is decorated in a treasure theme to help educate the community. One employee said that sometimes people don't complete understand the role of their department and that they do offer a lot of free services.


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I swore I was done with Animal Crossing. That too many same-same games and too many wasted days meant I was finished with the franchise. But this just looks so…charming.
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The need to preempt Iran and export gas to Egypt was the reason the government gave to push through its controversial plan for Israel's natural gas. Now, this reason may no longer exist.03:48 31.08.15 | 0 comments
Yours is a pre determined post. Nothing will change your mind. You seem to be oblivious to reality & facts you move around blind-folded !


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India's largest biotechnology company by revenue, Biocon has recorded an increase of 26 per cent in consolidated sales to 5.89 billion rupees in the fourth quarter of the fiscal year.
The Bangalore-based company had recorded consolidated sales at 4.66 billion rupees in the same quarter of the previous year. Biocon beat analyst expectations even as its fourth-quarter consolidated net profit fell by 3 per cent in the quarter because it recorded a strong boost in the other operating income
The company's consolidated net profit during the quarter fell to 978.0 million rupees from 1.01 billion rupees in the same quarter of the previous year while its other operating income increased to 209.9 million rupees from 43.9 million rupees in the same quarter of the previous year, the company said in a statement.
Experts had predicted a lower profit for the company was it was not due to receive any earnings from German drug distributor AxiCorp, which was sold by the company in April 2011. The German unit had contributed 73 million rupees to the profit in the second quarter of the last year.
Biocon focuses on developing biological treatments and t has partnerships with drugmakers such as Mylan Inc. It generates income through licenses fee for its drugs and also by selling iopharmaceuticals, including human insulin and monoclonal antibodies.
Meanwhile, the company recently inaugurated a new Integrated Research and Development Centre, which will employ 300 scientists in Bangalore.
Check out More news from Telecom Sector :: Pharmaceutical Sector :: Auto Sector :: Infrastructure :: Real Estate
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Peak® Programmable Defroster / Heater
Item # WNPX-231373
- Google+
- Details & Specs
Peak® Programmable Defroster / Heater clears frost from your car window before you turn the ignition! SAVE BIG!
If your car spends winter nights outdoors, this 4-in-1 Rechargeable Defroster / Heater will come in very handy. Boasting programmable-time settings, this Peak® innovation allows you to avoid scraping and brushing your windshield on bitter-cold mornings by melting away crusty frost!
Instead of firing up your vehicle and waiting 10 minutes for the defrost to kick in, this baby warms the interior air and gets you to school or work in a jiff. Comes with DC adapter for use away from traditional electricity sources and an AC wall charger for home / office.More:
- Attached, adjustable stand helps put the Heater in perfect position
- Equipped with 2 LED work lights
- Battery is a 6V, 5aH rechargeable lead acid model (comes with two)
- Draws 13 amps (maximum)
- Full charge takes 4-5 hours (DC) or 16-18 hours (AC)
- Also acts as fan during summer months.
Cold-weather convenience! Order yours ONLINE right here, right now!
!!! Limited Quantities !!!
- Reviews
Peak Programmable Defroster / Heater is rated out of 5 by 6.Rated 1 out of 5 by Chief from Peak Defroster JUNK! DON'T WASTE YOUR MONEY!!!Date published: 2014-11-11Rated 4 out of 5 by BRANDON from i used this item one time and it would not come on again i plan on returning it in a day or twoDate published: 2013-01-23Rated 5 out of 5 by JOHN K from Good unit haven't used yet it is a present for my wife. More info available after christmasDate published: 2012-12-24Rated 3 out of 5 by GLENN from I have tried this unit a couple of times so far. The instructions tell you to initialy charge for 16 hrs. After it has been used, there is no way to know how long it takes to fully recharge the unit. A red indicator light shows it is charging, but nothing tells you when it is actualy fully charged. The auto timing feature is a little tricky to understand. I really do not feel it does a good job at heating the car window. It's pretty weak. I will continue to test it out.Date published: 2012-11-23Rated 2 out of 5 by DEREK L from I am having trouble setting the timer. I am not sure if I like this product.Date published: 2012-11-17Rated 5 out of 5 by ANDREW from Nice. Clear of ice windows are a good thing.Date published: 2012-11-15
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text:
Deathly - ConsumptionColoured capsules 'mend,' and obscure.Apparent wonderlands atop liberation.One, mirthful second; twice, eternal compunction.Exhibitions of quietus align varied halls.
ForestMountains of frailty rest encased in whitened rains.Their observations of perished trees sway chimes of unvoiced pains.Desertion piles each branch, as earthy needles grace softened soils.Throughout the bleakness, which slumbers, wintered scenery extends its veins.
DissolveMercury sands dissolve lusters.Shells, jewels, metals, and tongues.Atop noiseless muteness; feathered irony.
Riches - Thirteen WordsHands of pearls; falsely enriched.Rubies fulfill translucent veins.Cavernous mines align minds.
SixHands conceal; stone tongues ripple 'truths.'
MendTrifle leaves shatter.Bathed soils enrich their shards.Furnished nutrients.
SereneRaindrops safeguard thoughts.Frigid veils withhold one tone.Unspoken calmness.
GlassCrystalline dusts leer.Widened airs engulf remains.Shattered; unspoken.


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Sunday, May 17, 2009
15 comments
So, what did you do today? I ran a marathon - yup - 26.2 miles. This was my 4th marathon - 3 of which has been with Team in Training - raising money for the Leukemia and Lymphoma society.
As you know from my previous posts I am involved wit... Read more


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A story about a dog!4.33 / 5.00 6,776 Views
Finger Painting
this art teacher is WHACK!!!!4.21 / 5.00 8,743 Views
TD-The First Day
Meeting new people on the first day can be a real gamble.4.18 / 5.00 4,040 Views
I require a smash girl but waving gif please.
Not bad :o
Amazing animation. ;D
Ahaha , awesome animation . :)
cant get enough of this cartoon it's just to epic.


text:
Chinese e-commerce startups attract U.S. investors
IDG Capital Partners has invested in 18 Chinese e-commerce startups this year.
Chinese e-commerce startups attract U.S. investors
IDG Capital Partners has invested in 18 Chinese e-commerce startups this year.
Home Depot reports strong sales to contractors in Q2
The Home Depot is expanding the range of products it sells to businesses. The web accounted for 5% of total sales.
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U.S. m-commerce sales will grow 99% in 2012 to nearly $21 billion.
Posted 09/26/2012Mark BrohanPost a comment
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As 2011 starts, e-retailers say they want to move on their social and mobile plans.
Posted 12/30/2010Allison EnrightPost a comment
Mobile commerce sales will double this year, predicts the 2013 Internet Retailer Mobile 400 Guide. Amazon.com Inc., No. 1 in the guide, will reach $4 billion in mobile sales this year, Internet Retailer estimates.
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Nearly one in five adults owns a tablet or e-reader, up from one in ten.
Posted 01/23/2012Allison EnrightPost a comment
Retailers and marketers need to make transactions smooth and easy.
Posted 10/05/2011Allison EnrightPost a comment
Amazon's Q1 digital sales grew 29% over Q4, eDataSource says.
Posted 04/09/2012Paul DemeryPost a comment


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Make him go to his regular doctor, and have him/her do a blood workup on him. This might indicate something amiss, or he may just be tired as he says? He really needs you to make him go, your support, not scorn, will help him out! YOU need to show him that YOU WILL support him in every way!!!
You guys are in your sexual prime years yet, he should be all over you? His not doing this makes me think he has a medical problem, and needs to see his doctor!!! Or, you have married a lazy sexual bum, instead of an ordinary horny goat? He needs your guidance now, take him to the doctor!!!
I wish you luck!!! Just don't cheat on him, I know how deep that cuts! Good luck at the doctors!!!
DennisView Thread
You dirty, dirty girl!!!
Why, I should come over there and spank you, hard!!! Yes. I said hard! Oh, yes, you dirty oh ahhhh ehhh uhhh, ahem, excuse me, I need to find a dry towel somewhere? LOL!!!
Long time no see!!! How are you doing, or do I need to ask? Is Bob still handy? I know, I know, what would you ever do without Bob? LOL!!! Good to see you here, glad I came back today!!!!!!
Take care my friend,
D.View Thread
This may be connected to his problem at birth? But, without knowing anything about him, it would just be guessing on our part?
Could you maybe talk him into letting you go with him to an appointment with his primary care giver??? Perhaps his doctor could shed light on this condition?
Good luck!!!
DennisView Thread
Have your fiancé start the love making session with licking and sucking first, if you like, try the 69 position? But, it is more difficult to concentrate on your own body, while trying to please someone else at the same time! So, I prefer the one at a time rule! He should start, and after you have an orgasm, then you should roll him over, and give it to him!!!
I hope some of this might be helpful?
DennisView Thread
Your girlfriend has given you her love, her body, and now YOUR BABY!!! What, you think your girlfriend who has just recently gone through hell for you, is cheating??? W.T.F.???
Stop already, you will give yourself a hernia!
Enjoy that woman's love for you, you big dope!View Thread
You are saying two different things here. You say you are both sexual beings, but then again, you say he masturbates too much, and therefore, he takes too long to get of with regular sexual intercourse? I thought you said you were a sexual person? A sexual person would enjoy the longer sessions, don't you think? Well, I can only say this, if he is hurting you, then you have to tell him! If he is not hurting you, only taking his time enjoying your love, then have some lube handy, and also try different positions?
You are a part of a duo, one person should not dictate how long your lovemaking should take! This is on both of you to tell your partner your likes, and dislikes in bed! Don't be shy, this guy has seen you naked already, so what's the problem? Sit him down on the couch, and have an open, honest talk about your sexual life together. How you like to be pleased, and how long you can handle, things like that, then he has to tell you, also! It is after all, a partnership you have going, 50/50 and all that, right? Right! Now, go talk to him!!!
I wish you two a long. happy sexual life!!!
DennisView Thread
I'm going to control myself, and not jump all over you for cheating! It is wrong, no matter what excuse you feed to yourself? The one smart thing you could have done, is separate yourself from your husband!
Ok, so you cheated with a guy you KNEW had HPV, and yet you never asked him to use protection? WHY??? Why would you take such a risk? For love? Bah humbug!!! No one that loved you, would ever let you do that without protection!!! So, this guy intentionally (Maybe) gave you a deadly disease? That could get him a felony! Attempted murder, i do believe? I have heard this before!
So, again, WHY??? You are MARRIED!!! For better, for worse, and all that!!! You should have told your hubby first, then, if he wanted, HE could have separated himself from you! It would have been his choice, then?! Now, you have left him no choice!
You have to do the right thing here, TELL HIM!!! You MUST tell him prior to having sex with him, and you alredy know that!
I wish you luck!
D.View Thread
If you want some help, you have to provide some details of his, and your own behaviors? Just stating these few things, does not make it very easy to help you?!
You are having "another" child with this man, or is it manchild? Yet you say he does not turn you on, anymore? How does that work out? If you didn't like him, or he doesn't like you, why have any children together?
I'm sorry, but you haven't provided near enough info to go on?
Good luck to you!!!
DennisView Thread
My first question is; why can't your wife orgasm?
Is this a medical condition, or one brought about by herself, or, maybe even you? Have you experimented with any toys? How long do you give to turning her on, before you actually have sexual intercourse??? It may be your wife herself? She may be afraid to orgasm? It is probably subconscious? She may need to see a sex counselor?
I wish you lots of luck!!!
DennisView Thread
Most times, when aroused, the vagina can indeed look this way! This does not mean she is cheating?! If you have this much doubt in her now, how are you going to feel a year from now, or maybe five years?
You lack trust. This woman is with you, not these other guys, right? Well then, why can't you trust her? Has she shown you any reason to doubt her fidelity? So she's late? A lot of working women will tend to be late, more times than not, probably? Especially in this economy?! Right?
You need to relax, your paranoia is making you think this way! Communication is the way to go here, like always?! Ask her, maybe as you sit watching tv? Turn it off, and ask her to have an open, honest talk?! Then, you need to ask specific questions, don't beat around the bush! Then, you must listen to her! As she must listen to you! This is a partnership, and if you can't have frank conversations, your 50/50 partnership is going to start lisping to one side, then, it will eventually sink?!
I think, in your case, you might benefit from a counselor? Either individually, or as a couple, preferably as a couple?! A counselor can help you see things differently, and guide you down a better path?!!!
I hope some of this might help, if not, I hope there are more posters than I?!
Good luck!
DennisView Thread
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Via io9.com
Photographer Quinn Miller asked his newly wedded friends and their families to 'pretend they were being chased by a dinosaur' on their special day. Then he Photoshopped in a T-Rex, creating possibly the greatest wedding photograph ever.
Check out our 31 Tips For Taking The Perfect Wedding Photo for more inspiration.
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Miley Cyrus' house burglarized day before 21st birthday, no one at home
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What a way to start the birthday weekend. Miley Cyrus' residence was burglarized on Friday, the LAPD North Hollywood Community Police Station confirms to Us Weekly. It is currently an ongoing investigation and property was taken from her home.
PHOTOS: Miley's raciest outfits
The incident occurred sometime in the afternoon, but there were no injuries and nobody was home at the time.
"She's extremely upset and a lot of personal items were stolen," a source tells Us. "She's really shaken up about the whole thing."
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The "We Can't Stop" singer isn't having the best birthday so far. Cyrus turns 21 today, and has been in the middle of gearing up to perform at the American Music Awards at the Nokia Theatre in Los Angeles on Sunday night.
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Win for Portugal's Socialists
Tuesday 14 December 1993
LISBON (Reuter) - Portugal's opposition Socialist Party (PS) celebrated a landslide victory over the ruling Social Democrat Party (PSD) in local elections but said it would not seek an early general election.
The Socialists achieved their highest ever vote in Sunday's poll, extended their control over Portugal's main cities and won more local councils than the PSD.
The PS leader, Antonio Guterres, said he would not press for early parliamentary elections.
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