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The authors have no conflict of interest.
Can Vitamin D Supplementation Reduce the Risk of Fracture in the Elderly? A Randomized Controlled Trial†
Article first published online: 1 APR 2002
DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.2002.17.4.709
Copyright © 2002 ASBMR
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
Volume 17, Issue 4, pages 709–715, April 2002
Additional Information
How to Cite
Meyer, H. E., Smedshaug, G. B., Kvaavik, E., Falch, J. A., Tverdal, A. and Pedersen, J. I. (2002), Can Vitamin D Supplementation Reduce the Risk of Fracture in the Elderly? A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Bone Miner Res, 17: 709–715. doi: 10.1359/jbmr.2002.17.4.709
- †
Publication History
- Issue published online: 2 DEC 2009
- Article first published online: 1 APR 2002
- Manuscript Accepted: 21 JUN 2001
- Manuscript Revised: 9 APR 2001
- Manuscript Received: 2 JAN 2001
- Abstract
- Article
- References
- Cited By
- frail elderly;
- hip fracture;
- osteoporosis;
- randomized controlled trial;
- vitamin D
Randomized controlled trials have shown that a combination of vitamin D and calcium can prevent fragility fractures in the elderly. Whether this effect is attributed to the combination of vitamin D and calcium or to one of these nutrients alone is not known. We studied if an intervention with 10 μg of vitamin D3 per day could prevent hip fracture and other osteoporotic fractures in a double-blinded randomized controlled trial. Residents from 51 nursing homes were allocated randomly to receive 5 ml of ordinary cod liver oil (n = 569) or 5 ml of cod liver oil where vitamin D was removed (n = 575). During the study period of 2 years, fractures and deaths were registered, and the principal analysis was performed on the intention-to-treat basis. Biochemical markers were measured at baseline and after 1 year in a subsample. Forty-seven persons in the control group and 50 persons in the vitamin D group suffered a hip fracture. The corresponding figures for all nonvertebral fractures were 76 persons (control group) and 69 persons (vitamin D group). There was no difference in the incidence of hip fracture (p = 0.66, log-rank test), or in the incidence of all nonvertebral fractures (p = 0.60, log-rank test) in the vitamin D group compared with the control group. Compared with the control group, persons in the vitamin D group increased their serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration with 22 nmol/liter (p = 0.001). In conclusion, we found that an intervention with 10 μg of vitamin D3 alone produced no fracture-preventing effect in a nursing home population of frail elderly people.
HIP FRACTURE constitutes a large health problem in the elderly, and nursing home residents are especially prone to these fractures.(1,2) Vitamin D deficiency may be one important contributing risk factor for osteoporotic fracture in old people, partly because of reduced food intake, reduced sun exposure, and a decline in the capacity of producing vitamin D in the skin.(3)
In observational studies, low vitamin D intake and status has been associated with increased risk of hip fracture, and intake of cod liver oil has been associated with reduced risk of hip fracture.(4,5) It also has been shown that vitamin D supplementation reduces bone loss from the femoral neck in postmenopausal women.(6,7) However, the effectiveness of vitamin D in the prevention of osteoporotic fractures is not clear.(8) In both a French and an American randomized controlled trial a combined intervention with vitamin D3 and calcium significantly reduced the number of hip fractures(9) and the number of all nonvertebral fractures,(9,10) whereas in a Dutch randomized controlled trial supplementation with vitamin D3 alone did not reveal a protective effect.(11) Further investigation is required to study whether vitamin D alone can prevent osteoporotic fractures.(8) The objective of this randomized controlled trial was to study the effectiveness(8,12) of vitamin D in the prevention of osteoporotic fractures in a population of frail elderly people, that is, would an intervention with 10 μg of vitamin D3 per day lead to reduced rates of hip fracture and all nonvertebral fractures in a large, unselected group of institutionalized elderly people compared with a similar placebo group. We also planned to do subgroup analyses to study the effect of vitamin D supplementation stratified on dietary calcium intake and vitamin D intake at baseline.
Subjects (study population)
We aimed to include as many as possible of the nursing home residents in two Norwegian cities. Fifty-one out of 106 institutions were able and willing to participate. The participation rate at the individual institution was on average 22.4% and somewhat higher at the wards because, frequently, not all wards at the institutions participated. The study comprised 1144 residents. Mean age at baseline was 84.7 years (SD ± 7.4 years) and 75% of these were women (Table 1). To be eligible, the residents should have a life expectancy of more than half a year, should not be permanently bedridden, and should not have difficulties in taking medicine. Persons already taking vitamin D supplements (usually in the form of a multivitamin supplement) were included as long as this supplementation did not exceed 10 μg/day. We found it unethical to require discontinuation of the supplementation in this population of frail elderly people. However, at the start of the study the use of vitamin D supplements was registered carefully.
The study was approved by the regional ethics committee, Norwegian Board of Health and the Data Inspectorate. Oral consent was considered satisfactory for this study with cod liver oil, which has been used as a vitamin supplement in the Norwegian population for decades. As described elsewhere,(13) permission also was given to include mentally impaired persons in the study, a group that constitutes an important part of the nursing home population.
Conduct of the trial and supplements
The study started up at the different institutions over a 3-year period from autumn 1995. After careful instruction, the staff at the institutions included study participants.(13) Lists with all residents who were eligible and willing to participate were returned to the coordinating office. The intended complete record on those not included was not reported in a satisfactory way. Before the study started, the days of the month (1-31 days) were divided randomly into group A and group B, and based on the day of birth, a participant was placed automatically in group A or group B when registered in the study database. The nursing staff was not aware of the details in the allocation procedures. At baseline, a simple questionnaire was filled in for each participant by the nursing staff, including questions concerning calcium intake from cheese and milk, the use of vitamin D and calcium supplements, height and weight, previous hip fracture, fall during the preceding 3 months, and mobility status (use of cane, wheel chair, etc.).
Cod liver oil is rich in vitamins D and A. Vitamin D given in oily suspensions generally is considered to be absorbed almost completely. Approximately 80% of this fat-soluble vitamin is incorporated into the chylomicron fraction and absorbed through the lymphatic system.(14) Cod liver oil also is a natural source of very long chain ω-3 fatty acids. The intervention was ordinary cod liver oil, whereas the placebo was ordinary cod liver oil in which vitamin D had been removed (Peter Møller, avd. av Orkla ASA, Oslo, Norway). Vitamin D was extracted from the cod liver oil using the techniques of bleaching earth, deodorization, and molecular distillation. Because vitamin A also was removed by this process, it was later added in the form of retinyl palmitate to obtain the same levels of vitamin A as in untreated cod liver oil. Retinyl palmitate is the naturally occurring form of vitamin A in cod liver oil. In the cod liver oil in which vitamin D was not removed, the levels of vitamins A and D were controlled by the producer. There were no differences in taste, smell, or color, and the levels of vitamin A, ω-3 fatty acids, and energy were similar in the two types of cod liver oil. Control analyses of the vitamin content by high-performance liquid chromatography showed trace amounts of vitamin D3 in the treated cod liver oil (0.1-0.2 μg/ml) compared with 2.2 μg/ml in the untreated, that is, a difference of 10 μg per 5-ml dose.
During the 2 year study period, the intervention group received 5 ml ordinary cod liver oil daily, whereas the control group received 5 ml cod liver oil daily in which vitamin D had been removed. The individual participants either received group A cod liver oil or group B cod liver oil. The study was double-blinded because neither the participants nor the nursing staff or the investigators were aware of which group contained vitamin D. In general, the daily dose of cod liver oil was delivered together with other medicines by the staff. A person from the coordinating office visited each ward several times during the study and had regular contact by telephone.
All participants were followed with respect to hip fractures, other nonvertebral fractures, and death during the 2-year study period.(13) Only fractures verified via hospital discharge letters or X-ray descriptions were included in the analysis. Follow-up with respect to fractures also was done for withdrawals. At the end of the study, vital status (and date of death when applicable) for all participants was checked in the Norwegian registry of vital statistics.
To validate the reporting of hip fractures at the institutions and to ensure a complete follow-up, the computerized discharge registers in all hospitals serving the included institutions were checked against the study database to see if participants were admitted for hip fractures. Unverified hip fractures were confirmed in the participant's medical records at the hospitals. The person responsible for this checking was not otherwise involved in the study and had no knowledge about the study participants. 22 hip fractures were identified in this way, which constitute 22.5% of all identified hip fractures. We were not able to follow 26 participants for all fractures when they moved to other institutions. However, they were followed for hip fracture using hospital registers.
When withdrawal occurred, the active-treatment period was from the date at entry to the date of withdrawal.
Biochemical measurements
Because the Data Inspectorate required written consent from all persons in whom a blood sample was drawn, mentally impaired persons were excluded from this procedure. In general, it was difficult to recruit persons for blood tests, and we ended up with a smaller than intended group, which was on average 2.2 years younger (p = 0.02) and had a lower mortality during the study period (p = 0.000) compared with the rest. The blood samples were analyzed for 25-hydroxyvitamin D (calcidiol), osteocalcin, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and ionized calcium. All analyses were performed by the Hormone Laboratory, Aker Hospital, Oslo, Norway. The methods are described elsewhere.(15) The blood samples were drawn at baseline and at 1 year after the study started (±1 month), regardless of whether they still took the treatment or not.
Statistical analyses
Based on previous studies,(5,13,16) we conservatively estimated that 6% of the nursing home population of Oslo sustained a new hip fracture annually. A sample size of 1113 participants in each group thus would give the study 80% power to detect a reduction in hip fracture incidence by 30% at the 5% significance level. If hip fractures constitute ∼50% of all nonvertebral fractures in such a population,(9) the study would have similar power to detect a 20% reduction in all nonvertebral fractures.
Differences between the two groups in baseline characteristics and in treatment status were tested by the κ2 test for categorical variables and by the independent samples t-test for means. Concerning changes in biochemical markers from baseline to year 1, differences between the two groups were tested by the independent samples t-test. In those instances in which the criteria for normal distribution were not fulfilled, the variables were log-transformed, and the significance test was repeated. Because they gave similar results, they were not reported.
Two types of fracture endpoints were defined in the protocol: hip fracture (defined as cervical or trochanteric fracture) and all nonvertebral fractures (including hip fracture). The principal analysis of fracture data was made on the intention-to-treat basis(12) using Kaplan-Meier analyses. The two groups were compared by the log-rank test.(12) Unadjusted and multivariate-adjusted hazard rate ratios, in the text called relative risks, were calculated by the Cox proportional hazards regression. In the multivariate model controlling for potential confounding variables, all variables listed in Table 1 except weight and height were included. Censoring of data occurred only for people who died and people lost to follow-up. Because of matching to hospital registers, we had a complete follow-up of hip fracture. Active-treatment analysis also was performed wherein all persons were followed as long as they took the cod liver oil. The two groups were compared by the log-rank test. Finally, an analysis including only the people treated and followed for the whole study period was undertaken, comparing the two groups by the κ2 test.
The effects of the intervention on fractures and biochemical tests were evaluated before unblinding of the data.
In the protocol it also was planned to do subgroup analyses stratifying on total calcium intake from cheese and milk as registered in the questionnaire at the start of the study (higher or lower than median intake of 400 mg/day) and the use of vitamin D supplements at the start of the study (yes/no).
People treated for the whole study period were labeled "treated for 2 years." This group also includes 34 persons who were included so late that they had not participated for 2 years when the study ended in the summer of 1999.
Five-hundred seventy-five residents were allocated to the control group and 569 residents were allocated to the vitamin D group. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in baseline characteristics (Table 1).
Of those included in the study, 383 persons received cod liver oil throughout the study period, 332 persons discontinued the treatment because of death (after an average treatment period of 10.2 months), and 429 persons stopped taking the treatment for a variety of other reasons (after an average treatment period of 9 months; Table 2). Of these 429 persons, 159 died after they had stopped taking the treatment and before end of follow-up. There was no difference in mortality between the control group and the vitamin D group (p = 0.87, log-rank test), and there was no significant difference in the proportions who stopped taking the treatment for other reasons and in the proportions who were treated for 2 years. The study participants were followed for 1728 person-years (intention-to-treat), and they received cod liver oil for a period of 1365 person-years or in 79% of the observation time.
Results from serum biochemical tests at baseline and after 1 year are shown in Table 3. One-third had a serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D < 30 nmol/liter, and 15% had <20 nmol/liter at baseline. During the first year of the study, persons in the intervention group increased their 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration by 22 nmol/liter (95% CI, 9.0-35.7) compared with the control group. There was no statistical significant difference between the two groups concerning change in serum PTH, serum ionized calcium, or serum osteocalcin.
During follow-up, 99 hip fractures were identified in 97 persons and 169 nonvertebral fractures (hip fractures included) were identified in 145 persons. Forty-seven persons in the control group and 50 persons in the vitamin D group suffered a hip fracture. The corresponding figures for all nonvertebral fractures were 76 persons in the control group and 69 persons in the vitamin D group (Table 4). There was no difference in the incidence of hip fracture between the control group and the vitamin D group according to the intention-to-treat analysis (Fig. 1). The relative risk of hip fracture in the vitamin D group versus the control group was 1.09 (95% CI, 0.73-1.63), and multivariate adjustment did not change this estimate. Similar results were found for active-treatment analysis (p = 0.55, log-rank test) and in the analysis restricted to participants treated for the whole study period (p = 0.97, κ2 test). There was no effect of the intervention with vitamin D on all nonvertebral fractures (Fig. 1). Thus, the relative risk of any nonvertebral fracture was 0.92 (95% CI, 0.66-1.27) in the vitamin D group versus the control group, and multivariate adjustment had negligible effect on the estimate. Similar results were found for active-treatment analysis (p = 0.67, log-rank test) and in the analysis restricted to participants treated for the whole study period (p = 0.41, κ2 test).
Concerning hip fracture, subgroup analyses showed that an effect of the intervention with vitamin D was evident neither in those with a higher than median intake (p = 0.60, log-rank test) nor in those with a lower than median intake of calcium at baseline (p = 0.31, log-rank test). Likewise, there was no effect in those not taking (p = 0.18, log-rank test) or in those taking (p = 0.30, log-rank test) a vitamin D supplement at the start of the study. Similar results were found for all nonvertebral fractures. For example, in those not taking vitamin D supplements at baseline, 42 persons in the control group and 40 persons in the vitamin D group were identified with any nonvertebral fracture during follow-up, with a corresponding relative risk of 0.93 (95% CI, 0.61-1.44, vitamin D group vs. control group).
In this study, performed in a population of frail nursing home residents, an intervention with 10 μg (400 IU) of vitamin D neither prevented hip fracture nor all nonvertebral fractures. Subgroup analyses stratified on dietary calcium intake and vitamin D intake at baseline gave similar results. Our study is in concert with a large Dutch randomized controlled trial intervening with 10 μg of vitamin D/day alone as tablets over 3-3.5 years in a somewhat healthier study population than ours (mean age, 80 years; participants living independently, in apartments or homes for the elderly).(11) In contrast to the lack of effect of vitamin D alone reported in these studies, a fracture-preventing effect of an intervention with vitamin D and calcium combined has been reported in a large French randomized controlled trial over 18 months(9) and a smaller American randomized controlled trial over 3 years.(10) The participants in the French study were institutionalized and on average 84 years old, whereas the participants in the American study were on average 71 years old and were living in the community. In both studies, a higher dose of vitamin D was used (17.5-20 μg/day), and the calcium supplementation ranged from 500 to 1200 mg/day. Although it cannot be excluded that the higher vitamin D dose is responsible for these differences, a study in elderly women and men showed that a daily supplementation with 10 μg of vitamin D clearly increased 25-hydroxyvitamin D in serum, whereas only a marginal additional effect was seen in those randomized to receive a dose of 20 μg/day.(17)
Approximately 80% of the participant in our study lived in Oslo, Norway, the city with the highest incidence rates of hip fracture ever reported internationally.(16) It has been estimated that the annual incidence of hip fracture in the nursing home population of Oslo exceeds 7 per 100 per year.(13) The incidence in our study population was 5.9 per 100 per year, which is twice as high as in the Dutch study by Lips et al.,(11) and also higher than in the French study by Chapuy et al.(9) In this frail population with a very high risk of fracture, we did not find any effect of the intervention with 10 μg of vitamin D. On the other hand, ∼40% of the participants took vitamin D supplements (usually in the form of multivitamin supplements containing 10 μg of vitamin D) at baseline. However, there was no indication of a different effect of the intervention in those not taking supplements compared with those taking supplements at baseline.
Previous studies in Oslo, Norway have suggested that poor vitamin D status in the elderly is prevalent and that low vitamin D intake is associated with increased risk of hip fracture.(5,18) On the other hand, a recent study performed in three nursing homes in Oslo, of which two participated in our study, reported a median nutritional intake of vitamin D of 4.5 μg/day in women and 5.3 μg/day in men, and that additional supplementation with vitamin D was frequent.(19) The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations at baseline in our subsample also suggest that serious vitamin D deficiency was not very frequent in our study population. However, because we were not able to take blood tests on a random sample of all participants, we cannot exclude the possibility that the blood test subsample, which was somewhat younger and had lower mortality, had better vitamin D status than the rest of the study population. It also should be added that it might be problematic to compare 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in this study with other studies because of interlaboratory variation.(20)
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D increased in the vitamin D group compared with the control group. However, we did not find a corresponding decrease in PTH, and the reason for this can only be speculated on. We did not measure renal function or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, the metabolite acting directly on the parathyroid gland.
It was of great importance to design a study that was workable and demanded little extra effort from the nursing staff because much of the practical work was carried out by the employees at the large number of participating institutions. Therefore, the practical procedures were as simple as possible. Because milk and cheese constitute two-thirds of the total calcium intake in an average Norwegian diet,(13) calcium intake was estimated based on a few questions on milk and cheese intake. Therefore, the categorization of the participants into high/low intake might be subject to nondifferential misclassification, which could reduce the effect of calcium in the analyses.
Because cod liver oil also contains vitamin A, both the control group and the vitamin D group received vitamin A (0.26 mg/ml). For a long time, it has been suggested that high intake of vitamin A is harmful for skeletal health, and, recently, (after the start of this study) it has been questioned whether an adverse effect also might be present at moderately increased intakes.(21,22) On the other hand, in a recent randomized controlled trial, one group received calcium and vitamin D and the other received calcium and vitamin D as a multivitamin formulation including 0.8 mg of retinol.(23) No difference between the two groups, regarding bone mineral density (BMD) of the spine or hip, was found. In our study, the incidence of hip fracture was lower than the estimated incidence in the general nursing home population, which does not support a deleterious skeletal effect of the supplemented vitamin A.
Our method of randomization by day of birth may be defined as quasi-randomization.(8) However, because it was double-blinded which group received the vitamin D cod liver oil, it is difficult to see how our procedure of randomization could introduce selection bias. Concerning concealment of allocation, no judgment was made either by the nursing staff or by anyone at the coordinating office on whether a person should participate or not in light of which group he or she belonged to. The only potentially serious problem concerning our allocation procedure, as far as we see it, was that because of the open grouping of participants, nursing staff, etc. could get the impression that one of the groups was doing better than the other and that such anticipation would lead to different treatment and follow-up. However, usually, the number of participants at each ward was small, making comparison less likely. At the coordinating office, data collection from the institutions and evaluation of fractures were done by different persons. In addition, the identification of fractures via the computerized discharge registers at the hospitals enabled us to validate the recording of hip fractures at the institutions independently.
Concerning compliance, the nursing staff was instructed to register when and why a participant stopped taking the treatment. This also was asked for when a person from the coordinating office visited each ward several times during the study. In a survey made at the end of the study at 63 of the participating wards, 95% of the wards stated that the participants had received the treatment regularly.(13) The change in 25-hydroxyvitamin D also indicated an effect of the intervention.
Originally, the study was planned to include nursing homes only in Oslo, Norway. In spite of hard effort, the recruitment was lower than anticipated, and the study was expanded to include nursing home residents in Bergen, the second largest city in Norway, and in Lier, a neighboring municipality to Oslo. Even so, our primary goal of including 2250 participants was unrealistic. The closing date for treatment was set to June 30, 1999. It could be argued that we might have missed a clinical interesting difference because of reduced power. On the other hand, the lack of any suggestion of effect in this study and in the study from Amsterdam strongly suggests that an intervention with 10 μg of vitamin D alone does not have a substantial fracture-preventive effect. It should be added that serious vitamin D deficiency was uncommon in these two study populations, and the results do not rule out the possibility of a fracture-preventing effect of an intervention with vitamin D alone in elderly individuals with poor vitamin D status.
In conclusion, in this randomized controlled trial we did not find that an intervention with 10 μg of vitamin D over 2 years could prevent hip fracture and other osteoporotic fractures in institutionalized elderly people.
We thank Thale Briseid and Anne-Marie Aas for their contribution in the preparation of the study, Hilde and Roger Antonsen for contribution in the data collection, Egil Haug who was responsible for the blood analyses, Cathrine Lofthus who checked the computerized discharge registers for hip fracture, and the nursing staff and nursing home residents who participated in the study. The trial was economically supported by Peter Møller, avd. av Orkla ASA, Norwegian Dairies, the City Council of Oslo, and Odd Fellow. Cod liver oil was donated by Peter Møller, avd. av Orkla ASA, Oslo, Norway.
- 11986 Health and social status in patients with hip fractures and controls. Age Ageing 15:285–291.,
- 21996 Nursing home residence and risk of hip fracture. Am J Epidemiol 143:1191–1194.
- 31996 Vitamin D: Metabolism and action. In: MarcusR, FeldmanD, KelseyJ (eds.) Osteoporosis. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA, pp. 205–235., ,
- 41992 Serum levels of intact parathyroid hormone in elderly patients with hip fracture living at home. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 126::10–12., , ,
- 51995 Risk factors for hip fracture in a high incidence area: A case-control study from Oslo, Norway. Osteoporos Int 5:239–246., , , ,
- 61995 Prevention of bone loss by vitamin D supplementation in elderly women: A randomized double-blind trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 80:1052–1058., , , , ,
- 71995 Rates of bone loss in postmenopausal women randomly assigned to one of two dosages of vitamin D. Am J Clin Nutr 61:1140–1145., , , , ,
- 81997 Vitamin D and vitamin D analogues in the prevention of fractures in involutional and post-menopausal osteoporosis. In: GillespieWJ, MadhokR, SwiontkowskiM, RobinsonCM, MurrayGD (eds.) Musculoskeletal Injuries Module of The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. The Cochrane Collaboration, Issue 2. Oxford University Press, London, UK., , ,
- 91992 Vitamin D3 and calcium to prevent hip fractures in the elderly women. N Engl J Med 327:1637–1642., , , , , , ,
- 101997 Effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on bone density in men and women 65 years of age or older. N Engl J Med 337:670–677., , ,
- 111996 Vitamin D supplementation and fracture incidence in elderly persons. A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Ann Intern Med 124:400–406., , , ,
- 121991 Clinical Trials. A Practical Approach. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK.
- 132000 The intervention study "Prevention of Hip Fractures." Method and implementation. Nor J Epidemiol 10:78–85., , , , ,
- 141998 Vitamin D: Intestinal absorption. In: ShilsME, OlsonJA, ShikeM (eds.) Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, PA, USA, pp. 335.
- 152000 Vitamin D deficiency in Pakistani premenopausal women living in Norway is not associated with evidence of reduced skeletal strength. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 60:103–109.,
- 161993 Secular increase and geographical differences in hip fracture incidence in Norway. Bone 14:643–645., , , ,
- 171988 The effect of vitamin D supplementation on vitamin D status and parathyroid function in elderly subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 67:644–650., , , , , , ,
- 181998 Vitamin D deficiency among hospitalized and home-bound elderly. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 118:3929–3931., ,
- 191997 En forundrsøkelse til prosjektet "Forebyggelse av lårhalsbrudd." Inntak av kalsium og vitamin D på sykehjem i Oslo. Institute for Nutrition Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- 201999 An international comparison of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D measurements. Osteoporos Int 9:394–397., , , ,
- 211998 Excessive dietary intake of vitamin A is associated with reduced bone mineral density and increased risk for hip fracture. Ann Intern Med 129:770–778., , , , , , ,
- 222000 Hypervitaminosis A and bone. Nutr Rev 58:138–144.,
- 231998 Calcium and vitamin D supplementation increases spinal BMD in healthy, postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 8:255–260., ,

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Garage in Greenwich Village Offers Sunday Date Night with David CossAugust 21, 2012 - by CG News Desk
Garage Restaurant & Cafe (99 Seventh Ave. So. at Christopher St., 212-645-0600; www.garagejazz.com) in New York City's Greenwich Village has unveiled a new Sunday special: Sunday Date Night w/ David Coss, featuring a prix-fixe dinner for two ($79.95) that includes a bottle of wine or Champagne, choice of appetizer and entrée, and a sampler platter of their famous desserts to share. The David Coss Jazz Quartet will perform and serve as the "master of ceremonies" for the evening.
Entrée options include: Lobster Ravioli; Linguini with Tomato, Basil and Ricotta Salata; Roasted Garlic Crusted Chicken; Banana Crusted Mahi Mahi; Penne a la Vodka; Oven Roasted Sesame Crusted Salmon; Garage Shrimp; and Stuffed Breast of Chicken.
Call 212-645-0600 for more information and reservations. Click here to view the full menu.
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- Empire City Casino - $5 Bonus Free Play -12/31/2015
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text:
|| bon voyage ||
|| bon voyage ||
- 244 Pins
Skydive Gui Padua e Juliana Sé - Amazon
Skydiving, Bucketlist, Adventure, Life, Sky Diving, Things, The Buckets Lists, Bucket Lists, Pictures Day
Try sky diving for a once in a life time adventure - then capture it using Frame Your Time... http://goo.gl/JsDXdj
Checked skydiving off the bucket list last weekend! Best thing I ever did.
'Skydiving :]' Bucketlist.
Bucket list item. #skydiving #flying #falling #travel #adventure #photography
Sea Cave, Southern California
Portugal Travel, Southern California, Sea Caves, Seacaves, Beautiful, Oregon Coast, Places, Take Me, Algarv Portugal
Sea Cave in Algarve, Portugal #travel #places #placesofwonder #amazingplaces
This place is just too awesome. (The Sea Cave - Southern California)
Seacave in SoCal: This is beautiful and we can shoot some scenes in a cove to save us from midday sun
Sea Cave, Southern California. Take me here!!
Devils punch bowl Oregon coast.. Love this place! Used to live minutes from here :)
#motel6UBL This is beautiful and I need to be there! Sea cave in Southern California - Google Image Result for http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-4TMeszH-Z9M/T2NfsqEhvdI/AAAAAAAAC40/-tCUPX6L5pg/s640/159948224235343741_yWq93f6h_f.jpg
bicycle basket: Daydream Friday: Getaways, Backyards, and Rooms
Camping Lake Blanche Trail. Wasatch National Forest, Utah.
Lakes Blanche, Camps Lakes, Blanche Trail, Utah Camps, Mountain Tent, Backpacks Utah, Outdoor Travel, Outdoor Adventure Travel Utah, National Forests
Camping Lake Blanche Trail. Wasatch National Forest, Utah #camping #utah
Hiking Half Dome | ANDWHATELSEISTHERE
Hiking Half, Vintage Climbing, Yosemite National Parks, Yosemite Hiking, Climbing Half Domes, Yosemite Climbing, Yosemite Half Domes, Geographic Magazines, Half Domes Yosemite
Hike Half Dome, Yosemite National Park, California
Hiking Half Dome Originally published in "The Other Yosemite" in National Geographic magazine, June 1974
vintage climbing | Tumblr
climb half dome, Yosemite National Park
Photo Gallery: Classic Yosemite -- National Geographic
Hawaii Beaches, Beautiful, Palms Trees, Heavens Sunsets, Beaches Travel, Cloud, Sunrise Sunsets, Places, Hawaii Sunsets
#Beautiful #Hawaii #Beach "
Sunset in Maui, Hawaii #Hawaii #sunset #beach
A Place To Crash
Lani'aina | heavenly sunset cloud show in Maui, Hawaii #beach #travel
Balaa Sinkhole, Lebanon
Beautifulplac, Waterf Throat, Buckets Lists, Waterfalls, Baatara Throat, Beautiful Places, Amazing Places, Lebanon, Photo
Baatara Gorge Waterfall, Lebanon...#landscapes #photography #scenery #beautifulplaces
Baatara Gorge Waterfall, Tannourine, Lebanon #aataraGorgeWaterfall #Tannourine #Lebanon #beautiful Places
Lebanon - Baatara Gorge waterfall. Bucket list.
Amazing Places To Experience Around the Globe (Part 3) from thecoolhunter.net. This photo is of Baatara Gorge Waterfall, Tannourine - Lebanon
Baatara gorge waterfal or Cave of Three Bridges. ~ Tannourine, Lebanon ~ Miks' Pics "Nature Scenes lll" board @ http://www.pinterest.com/msmgish/nature-scenes-lll/
15 of the World's Most Amazing Waterfalls
There's nothing more relaxing than spending time with a good book. Nowadays I don't have much time to really indulge and experience a good novel with my busy schedule. When I have free time over summer, I plan to sit down more often and read.
Reading is my favourite -outdoors Is my favourite- go for it
morning prayer with iced coffee, josh garrels, and my hammock. "yet, Lord, you are our Father; we are the clay and you our potter: we are all the work of Your hand." // isaiah 64:7
Doesn't get much better than reading the Bible in a hammock in the woods..
#outdoors #adventure #book
Adventure, Reading, Wood, Mornings Prayer, Outdoor, Iced Coffee, Morning Prayers, The Bible, Good Books
Here am I, send me!
Costa Rica treetop!
Trees Houses, Costa Rica, Costa Rica Pura Vida, Costa Rica Adventure, Travel Dreams Amazing Places, Adventure Vacations, Costa Rican Vacations, Pura Vida Costa Rica, Finca Bellavista Costa Rica
I want to live like donkey kong! - Finca Bellavista: A Community of Amazing Treetop Homes in #CostaRica
Finca Bellavista, Costa Rica
Tree House in Costa Rica
Carvoeiro Beach, Algarve, Portugal
Amazing, Adventure, Favorite Places, Dreams, Beautiful Places, Visit, Carvoeiro Beaches, Algarv Portugal, Wanderlust
Carvoeiro Beach, Algarve, Portugal I have bin here, beautiful place
Carvoeiro beach,Portugal. Algar Seco, a few hundred meters along the coast east of the main square and beach, is a popular nature site where ocean wave erosion has carved out grottoes, islets and water-spouts. ~Wikipedia #travel #explore #adventures
Carvoeiro Beach, Algarve, Portugal...My favorite place in Portugal
Carvoeiro Beach, Algarve, Portugal amazing view
Carvoeiro Beach, Algarve, Portugal // This looks like a dream destination!
Carvoeiro Beach, Algarve, Portugal.... want to visit!!!! :o)
{ TRAVELINGCOLORS } • Carvoeiro Beach, Algarve | Portugal (by Antonio...
incredibly far
I just don't really know why people put there hands in the air like this when they're getting photographed and when they're in front of cool stuff cause i feel like it would feel kind of cool like your on top of the world or something but in reality it would be awkward. If you have thoughts on this, please share.
Beaches Beautiful, Beautiful Blue, Freedom, Ocean Outfits, Coconut Oil, Travel, Hippie Landscape, Landscape Models, Grand Canyon
Adventure/ travelling
Grand Canyon
Organic Coconut Oil & Tanning Oil // www.balibody.com.au
Image via We Heart It https://weheartit.com/entry/166041803/via/2659899 #beach #beautiful #blue #couple #fabulous #fashion #fit #friends #hawaii #hippie #landscape #model #ocean #outfit #perfect #sea #summer #vintage #water
Bora Bora, Tahiti
Buckets Lists, Bora Tahiti, Beautiful Places, French Polynesia, Best Quality, Visit, Travel, Borabora, Destination
Bora Bora Tahiti. This is ono of my top 5 places to go/take my wife... when i'm married of course. #beautiful #places
Bora Bora, Tahiti, French Polynesia (PF)
Bora Bora Tahiti! Bucket List #borabora #Holiday #island #travel #beach
| Pretty Perfect Living | #PPL #prettyperfecthoneymoon #honeymoon #vacation #travel #couple #destination #prettyperfectliving Bora Bora Tahiti
Bora Bora Tahiti. This is on my bucket list of places to visit..
Hello world - You look nice today
Ofu beach, Samoa
Samoa Islands, Buckets Lists, American Samoa, Favorite Places, Islands Magazines, Beaches Resorts, Samoa Beaches, Beautiful, Virgin Islands
2015 Bucket List: Ofu Beach, Samoa
This is one of the most beautiful beach scenes of American Samoa...
samoa island- American Samoa
#Samoa beach- from Islands Magazine
Junky's Travels - Junky's Hotels
New Zealand.
Buckets Lists, Dreams Vacations, Bridal Veils, Beautiful, New Zealand Travel, Newzealand, Paddles Boards, Places, Photo
These paddle boarders are enjoying the beauty of waterfalls in New Zealand.- Little Passports #littlepassports #newzealand #paddleboard #waterfall
VERIFIED. This image is at Bridal Veil Falls, Raglan, New Zealand. It was shot by Alison and Sarah Lee for: Alison's Adventures (Sarah Lee Photo Blog) 13 April 2012 [Alison Teal, is a female Indiana Jones with a cause, a camel, and a pink eco surfboard. Alison's Adventures film series shares global secrets of survival and sustainability. Alison journeys to exotic and mysterious places around the world.] The girls had to clamber with their boards, over the rocks to reach the pool. I know these falls well! For years my Aunt & Uncle farmed cows right near there! (Research, Verification, Curation & Caption by @BillGP ) . Bill Gibson-Patmore, Bill ✔ Image: Sarah Lee & alisonsadventures.com
http://www.greeneratravel.com/ Bucket List. Need to find this place and go paddle boarding here. New Zealand. #Paddleboardshop #paddleboard #paddleboarding
New Zealand-- #travel #travelphotography #travelinspiration #newzealand #YLP100BestOf #wanderlust
new zealand- this is why I have always liked new Zealand such a beautiful place!
Cheap Flights, Hotels, Holiday Packages, Cruises, Tours - one destination. endless possibilities.
Tangier, Morocco.
Places To Visit, Tangier Morocco, Adventure Ideaz, Morocco Travel, Tangier Travel, Exotic Places, Africa Travel, Travel Destinations, Travel Ideas
Tangier #tangier #morocco #travel #vagabond
tangier--More Morocco. There are endless places to visit!
#Tangier #Morocco #Africa #travel #destination
Tangier travel to exotic places
A Treehouse with a Skate Bowl, a Hot Tub and an Incredible View!!! - Foster Huntington's dream house. Read more at http://mpora.com/articles/treehouse-worlds-coolest-home#Gu2j3RMVS96jDHxe.99
WOW!! Anyone know where this is?! Who's in for adventure?! 😍✨ #dissh #adventure #escape #wanderlust #travel
Foster Huntington's Tree House - Travel Inspiration by Côte&Ciel
Cool tree forts
Buckets Lists, Adventure, Favorite Places, Dreams, Trees Houses, Trees Forts, Treehouse, Travel, Wanderlust
- wiitch-craft: ✯☽
Abu Dhabi
Travel In Style, Style Abu Dhabi
#Travel in style...... Abu Dhabi ♥
Log in
The Doors, Green Doors, Color, Orange Doors, Front Doors, Beautiful Doors, Knock Knock, Architecture, Gates
Beautiful Doors
front door color idea the one on the right
knock knock
Green door, orange door, Paris - I want colorful doors!!
architecture, doors, gates
The tiled wall is spectacular, and the choice by the homeowner on the right with the door color perfectly brightens and shows it off.
all the beauty things... | architecturia: Portuguese doors lovely art
Lake Havasu, Arizona


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OSPF - Open Shortest Path First
Short for Open Shortest Path First, an interior gateway routing protocol developed for IP networks based on the shortest path first or link-state algorithm.
Routers use link-state algorithms to send routing information to all nodes in an internetwork by calculating the shortest path to each node based on a topography of the Internet constructed by each node. Each router sends that portion of the routing table (keeps track of routes to particular network destinations) that describes the state of its own links, and it also sends the complete routing structure (topography).
The advantage of shortest path first algorithms is that they results in smaller more frequent updates everywhere. They converge quickly, thus preventing such problems as routing loops and Count-to-Infinity (when routers continuously increment the hop count to a particular network). This makes for a stable network.
The disadvantage of shortest path first algorithms is that they require a lot of CPU power and memory. In the end, the advantages out weigh the disadvantages.
OSPF Version 2 is defined in RFC1583. It is rapidly replacing RIP on the Internet.
The following compilation of small business marketing tips highlights some of the expert advice published over at Small Business Computing. Read More »Taking Ownership through Digital Governance
Taking ownership of our own misjudgments or simple forgetfulness takes a healthy amount of humility and some honest self-assessment. Yet sometimes... Read More »Have We Become a World of Addicts?
It's hard to imagine our lives without smartphones. But people who suffer separation anxiety when they don't have their phones nearby may be in... Read More »
With cost and security in mind, we look at five cloud storage options that will suit the needs of most home and SMB owners. Read More »Windows 10 Tips for Desktop PC
Five basic tips to help you customize Windows 10 on your desktop PC. Read More »29 Free Android Apps for Cash-Strapped Students
From wacky alarm clocks to lecture hall tools and after class entertainment, these Android apps are a good fit for a student's life and budget. Read More »
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Datamation Hangouts with Tech ExpertsWatch Datamation's editor James Maguire moderate roundtable discussions with tech experts from companies such as Accenture, Dell, Blue Jeans Network, Microsoft and more »


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Lets face it I can't afford to buy this stuff because i'm a baller on a budget/college student.
Oh yeah go blackberry!
- Article | 1 hour ago Check out PAC-MAN 256 on BlackBerry 10
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text:
Holly House by the Canal
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TripAdvisor Reviews Holly House by the Canal Bourne
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Brooklyn to Rhode Island
... different or ones we don't get! And I got myself some tweezers, how I forgot mine I do not know being a beautician and everything and being so obsessed with my brows. After there we went to pauls daughters house which was your typical all American house with the front porch and massive back yard. They had ordered take out pizza & got a beautiful big cake & piñata! Proper American kids birthday party. I ...
Our pets, Our family, Our loss!
... few days. Thursday she spend most of the day sleeping and not able to go to the bathroom. She spent most of the time on our laps since we could see that she was not herself. I had a feeling that she would pass on during the night, while sleeping, but she ended up having a massive convulsion at about 10pm. She was barking, crying, foaming at the mouth and had deficate herself. We took her to a local emergency room vet clinic about 40 minutes away ...
July 29th - Plymouth and Rhode Island
... in. $1.50 for the washers and dryers. 6
washers working, 2 out of the 6 dryers working. Clean showers and
bathroom. Lots of full-timers and the ground itself looks quite run
down. Someone mentioned to us that we were parked at the area where
the skunks live to be careful going out after dusk and carry a torch.
We played Bean Boozled. When we were in
Wisconsin at the Jelly Belly Factory we bought the beans in packets
One Week Until Departure
... not go by any slower. It has been very stressful sorting out all the make up work for my classes when ill be gone, settling work at CVS out, and preparing for pharmacy interviews. At least I know it will all be worth it because this trip is going to be so rewarding and the second i step on that Peter Pan bus the stress will be gone. Ahhh 7 more days.
Big Names On A Little Island
... noting the Coast Guard lookout that reminded me of the mad sea captain from Mary Poppins on his lookout. It slowly dawned on me that I'd only seen men on my little tour of the town, the only women were elderly tourists and me; poor chaps.
With the buses running hourly I made sure I was standing at the stop when the next was due, and found yet another helpful driver when asking how I got back to the hostel; every bus driver has gone out of their way to ...


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A story about a dog!4.35 / 5.00 8,000 Views
Finger Painting
this art teacher is WHACK!!!!4.20 / 5.00 10,312 Views
TD-The First Day
Meeting new people on the first day can be a real gamble.4.15 / 5.00 5,723 Views
I went NUTS when Ellis said: "I found Heroin, I mean Adrenaline" AHAHAHAHHA!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Lost it when that jockey is humping Ellis face! XD
Oh i love this sequel . It will remain in my heart for many years to come . The animation is orgasm like , the voices are great , and its meh funny .
I'm giving it 4.5 stars . because if would you try any harder it would be perfect .


text:
Is this restaurant good for dinner?
Is this restaurant good for couples?
Does this restaurant serve Irish food?
Is this restaurant good for breakfast?
Is this a pub?
Does this restaurant offer outdoor seating?
Does this restaurant offer free wifi?
Is this restaurant good for bar scene?
Is this primarily a bakery?
Is this an ice cream shop?
Thanks for helping!
Needs a little work on the Irish recipes, particularly the pickles and expected condiments with Irish Eggs ( a scotch egg variant). But the food was hot and tasty and the drink selection was good.
This place is a good local hangout with plenty of room to get around and lots of tables to choose from. The service is usually pretty good and the food is pretty tasty. This last time I had the egg and bacon burger and it was great. The bun was buttery and the meat was cooked well (see my picture)....
Atmosphere is fun and the service is good.. the food, in my opinion, is so greasy.. My husband, on the other hand loved it. He had a gyro and chips and thought it was amazing. We will definitely be back..
Chicken Curry was Ok, wine only just drinkable Beer Ok. Atmosphere ? Sports bar? wont bother again. My meal was so memorable I can't remember what it was a week later :-( which probably shows mare about this place than words
The worse service at a restaurant that I have had in my 70 years. My husband recommended this place and reservations for 50 people for breakfast were made a week in advance. We got there and they had nothing set up so we pushed tables together for our party. After an hour of waiting not one person in our party...
I like to go here for breakfast. They have a nice variety and it's served hot. They could improve it by serving real syrup, real butter, and a variety of hot teas. Other than that, it's a real go to place.
So what if it's not really like an Irish pub? It's a sports bar that's family friendly and close to residential areas so you don't have to drive to McKinneys historic downtown to get a decent meal. The service is hot and cold. The two more mature wait personnel tend to be more attentive than the younger staff. If you...
Not really an Irish pub atmosphere, food or attitude.
Located in a strip mall, this place does not even come close to what the name suggests. The service is lacking, food is barely average, and the overall feeling of the place is not inviting.
We were here back in Early 2014 and have been two or three times more since then. The only problem we had back then was the service was slow and indifferent. But the owner must be listening to people because this last visit on Oct. 5 we had a great time as did everyone in the place. The place was...
I cannot believe the kind of behavior that is acceptable at this establishment! A customer at the bar stood up, shoved a picture in another customers face and said the picture was "of real men and that his daughter performed less sexual favors than he did (of the oral kind) " The other customer has, (not so nicely) called him...
Own or manage this property? Claim your listing for free to respond to reviews, update your profile and much more.


text:
Nushrat Bharucha: Always wanted to do gangster filmsNushrat Bharucha, the lead actress in Zeishan Quadri's 'Meeruthiya Gangsters', says she is excited to be a part of a gangster movie. READ: "I always wanted to do an action film or a gangster film. When I saw Gangs Of Wasseypur, I felt why didn't I ... Times of India, 3 weeks ago
Always wanted to do gangster films: Nushrat Bharucha - Prokerala, 3 weeks ago
6 images for nushrat bharucha
Title track of 'Meeruthiya Gangsters' unveiled
By IANS | Posted 2 hours After receiving a great response to the film's first look and trailer, the title track of director Zeishan Quadri's "Meeruthiya Gangsters" has been unveiled. Meeruthiya Gangsters. Pic/Santa Banta "A memorable ...Mid Day, 3 days ago Title track of Zeishan Quadri's Meeruthiya Gangsters unveiled Indian Express, 4 days ago Manoj Bajpayee launches trailer of Meeruthiya Gangsters India Blooms, 1 week ago Watch the trailer of Zeishan Quadri's 'Meeruthiya Gangsters' Mid Day, 2 weeks ago
Director Anurag Kashyup talks about 'Meeruthiya Gangsters'
Mumbai, Aug 22 (IBNS): Presenter of 'Meeruthiya Gangsters' Anurag Kashyap recently released a video talking about director of the film, Zeishan Quadri. Being his protégé, Anurag shared fond memories of working with Zeishan and is proud of ...India Blooms, 1 week ago Anurag Kashyap 'proud' of 'Meeruthiya Gangsters' Times of India, 1 week ago Anurag Kashyap proud of Meeruthiya Gangsters Indian Express, 1 week ago
Meeruthiya Gangsters - Preview
Meeruthiya Gangsters - Bollywood movie, Directed by Zeishan Quadri, Starring Jaideep Ahlawat, Aakash Dahiya, Vansh Bhardwaj, Shadab Kamal, Chandrachoor Rai, Jatin Sarna, Sanjay Mishra, Nushrat Bharucha, Ishita Sharma, Brijendra Kala, Mukul Dev, Pro...Now Running, 1 week ago Want to popularise my 'karmaboomi' Meerut: 'Meeruthiya Gangsters' director Pink Villa, 1 week ago
Welcome Back, Hera Pheri 3, Housefull 3: Filmi sequels coming up!
Bollywood's newest formula for guaranteed success?A record number of sequels are in various stages of making in Bollywood. And it hardly comes as a surprise given somewhat consistent box office records of some recent sequels we have seen. But will they be as successful?Here's a lowdown on some popular franchises rolling out latest installments: Welcome Back Image: The motley crew of Welcome Back Sequel to Welcome Release date: September 4 Touted as the biggest action ...Rediff.com, 1 week ago
Manoj Bajpayee impressed by Meeruthiya Gangsters trailer
Actor Manoj Bajpayee said he got blown away after watching the trailer of Zeishan Quadri's Meeruthiya Gangsters, describing the soon to be released film as crazy and passionate. (Source: Varinder Chawla) Actor Manoj Bajpayee said he got blown away ...Indian Express, 2 weeks ago Manoj Bajpayee impressed by 'Meeruthiya Gangsters' trailer Times of India, 2 weeks ago
Anurag Kashyup releases the trailer of Meeruthiya Gangsters
Previous story: Stellar win for Uflex at Singapore Next story: PC Jeweller launches Jewels For Less scheme on Independence Day Mumbai: The trailer of Anurag Kashyup's upcoming film Meeruthiya Gangsters has been released. Written and Directed ...APN News, 2 weeks ago Anurag Kashyup releases trailer of 'Meeruthiya Gangsters' India Blooms, 2 weeks ago
Suresh Raina praises Anurag Kashyup's film 'Meeruthiya Gangsters'
Mumbai, Aug 8 (IBNS): Filmmaker Anurag Kashyap's upcoming film has been the talk of the town with its quirky poster and motion poster. Meeruthiya Gangsters has now also impressed cricketer Suresh Raina who tweeted about the film's first look.India Blooms, 3 weeks ago Quirky motion poster of 'Meeruthiya Gangsters' launched IANS Live, 3 weeks ago Motion poster of Anurag Kashyap's 'Meeruthiya Gangsters' out now India Blooms, 3 weeks ago Anurag Kashyap's Meeruthiya Gangsters set to strike a chord with the audience Newssuperfast, 4 weeks ago
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Anurag Kashyap's guidance was very helpful: Zeishan Quadri
Mumbai: Writer Zeishan Quadri, who is making his directional debut with "Meeruthiya Gangsters", says filmmaker Anurag Kashyap's guidance was very helpful in making the film. Quadri shot to fame as a writer with Kashyap's 2012 crime-drama "Gangs of ...ZeeNews.com, 1 month ago Zeishan Quadri: Anurag Kashyap's guidance was very helpful Mid Day, 1 month ago "Anurag Kashyap's guidance was very helpful" Press Trust of India, 1 month ago
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Himmanshoo Malhotra and Amruta Khanvilkar gets full industry support!
View all Actor Himmanshoo Malhotra and Amruta Khanvilkar are in the finals in Nach Baliye 7 and their goodwill is fantastic. From Mahesh Manjrekar, Swapnil Joshi , Shreyas Talpade , Ravi Jadhav , Sachin Pilgaonkar , Ankush Chowdhry , Shalini ...GR8 TV Magazine, 1 month ago
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A story about a dog!4.34 / 5.00 7,190 Views
Finger Painting
this art teacher is WHACK!!!!4.21 / 5.00 9,277 Views
TD-The First Day
Meeting new people on the first day can be a real gamble.4.19 / 5.00 4,591 Views
Super animation
You have just recaptured gohan going SSJ2. Everything about the original seen mostly stays true to form and the drawings are well done.
it was okay but the music sucked.
i liked the badass American version better. still okay animation.
Yea I rather the american version, the japanese music sucked!!! But it was all I had :(


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Elise Favia added it to
30 shows
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18 shows
2 show lists
The Italian-American chef entertains with simple, elegant meals inspired by fresh California flavors.
Giada explores Japanese-Italian fusion in Los Angeles. Also: She prepares recipes for blistered shishito pepper with olive-and-basil salt; Asian mushroom risotto; and Far East spaghetti.


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|Boxing Champions | Boxing Schedule | Boxing Video | Boxing History | Pound For Pound | The Wire | Audio | Arcade
|Home Tags index Alexander Povetkin
|Promoter: Wach is Perfect To Prepare Povetkin For Wilder
World of Boxing CEO Andrei Ryabsinki sees Polish giant Mariusz Wach (31-1, 17 KOs) as the perfect opponent to prepare Alexander Povetkin (29-1, 21 KOs) for his mandatory shot at WBC heavyweight cha...
reviews | forums
|Team Povetkin Ready For HUGE Deontay Wilder Purse Bid
Wealthy Russian businessman Andrei Ryabinski is ready to match financial figures in an explosive purse bid with powerful manager/adviser Al Haymon. Ryabsinki, who is the CEO of the World of Box...
reviews | forums
|Povetkin Disappointed With Delay, Wants Wilder Now
WBC/TBRB #1 rated heavyweight Alexander Povetkin (29-1, 21 KOs) faces WBC #13 Polish battler Mariusz Wach (31-1, 17 KOs) on November 4 in Kazan, Russia, but there�s another boxer that he wished to ...
reviews | forums
|Wach: Povetkin Has Better Shot Now To Beat Klitschko
Polis heavyweight giant Mariusz Wach (31-1, 17 KOs) believes Alexander Powietkin (29-1, 21 KOs) is more experienced, changed his fighting style, and now stands a better chance of unseating the heav...
reviews | forums
|Povetkin vs. Wach Tops Loaded 11/4 Bill In Kazan
Opponents were announced for the stellar ledger of the World of Boxing fight card on November 4 in Kazan, Russia. WBC/TBRB #1 rated heavyweight Alexander Povetkin (29-1, 21 KOs), a mandatory cha...
reviews | forums
|Povetkin, Lebedev Doubleheader, 11/4 in Kazan, Russia
Further realizing their plan to bring boxing into different parts of Russia and to widen their area of presence, �World of Boxing� will enter the city of Kazan, a capital of the Tatar Republic, loc...
reviews | forums
|Wilder Has 30% Chance To Beat Povetkin, Says Alekseev
WBC heavyweight champion Deontay Wilder (34-0, 33 KOs) is back on September 26th on Premier Boxing Champions, but he won't be facing his mandatory challenger Alexander Povetkin (29-1, 21 KOs) next ...
reviews | forums
|Wilder's Manager Says Povetkin is Not a Fall Consideration
World Boxing Council (WBC) heavyweight champion Deontay Wilder (34-0, 33KOs) is not going to fight Alexander Povetkin (29-1, 21KOs) of Russia in 2015, according to the champion's manager Jay Deas. ...
reviews | forums
|Marco Huck Still Eyeing a Return To Heavyweight
Marco Huck had been a career cruiserweight who had held a world title for two and a half years when he moved up to heavyweight to challenge Alexander Povetkin. That was early 2012. The fight end...
reviews | forums
|Povetkin's Coach Saw 'Same Mistakes' in Deontay Wilder
Ivan Kirpa, who trains heavyweight Alexander Povetkin (29-1, 21KOs), has dissected the recent victory by WBC champion Deontay Wilder (34-0, 33KOs). In May, Povetkin knocked out Mike Perez in one...
reviews | forums
|WBC Anticipates Wilder vs. Povetkin in Early 2016
The World Boxing Council is anticipating that Deontay Wilder (34-0, 33KOs) will make the first mandatory defense of his title against Alexander Povetkin (29-1, 21 KOs) of Russia in the first quarte...
reviews | forums
|Alexander Povetkin Beats Deontay Wilder, Says Gavern
Heavyweight journeyman Jason Gavern has fought a who's who in the heavyweight division and also worked often as a sparring partner. Gavern is very interested in a the potential heavyweight fight...
reviews | forums
|Chagaev Gives Povetkin The Edge To Beat Deontay Wilder
WBA heavyweight champion Ruslan Chagaev has warned WBC king Deontay Wilder of the threat coming from fighters from the east. The unbeaten Wilder is set to make a mandatory defence of his title a...
reviews | forums
|Povetkin Ready For Deontay Wilder, Rips Steroid Talk
Russian heavyweight contender Alexander Povetkin (29-1, 21 KOs) is ready for his mandatory shot at WBC titleholder Deontay Wilder (34-0, 33 KOs). Povetkin became the mandatory after last month's w...
reviews | forums
|Team Povetkin: Wilder Talks Slow, Sept. Return Unlikely
According to Dmitry Ivanov, a sport director of �World of Boxing� promotional company, who also acts as a manager for 2004 Athens Olympics super heavyweight gold medalist Alexander Povetkin, negoti...
reviews | forums
|Wilder: Drug Testing is Very Big Deal For Povetkin Bout
WBC heavyweight champion Deontay Wilder (34-0, 33KOs) is still on course to defend his world title for the second time in September. More than likely his upcoming fight will be a voluntary defense....
reviews | forums
|Maskaev: Povetkin Can Knock Deontay Wilder Out Early
Former WBC heavyweight champion Oleg Maskaev talked to TASS media agency about Alexander Povetkin�s recent success and his chances against Deontay Wilder as well as a rematch with Wladimir Klitschk...
reviews | forums
|Wilder Ready For Povetkin, But Won't Wait Around
As BoxingScene.com previously reported, WBC heavyweight champion Deontay Wilder (34-0, 33KOs) is going to stay very active and wants to fight at least four times this year - with September 26th as ...
reviews | forums
|Wilder, Povetkin Will Be Ordered to Negotiate in October
After Bermane Stiverne of Canada won the vacant WBC heavyweight title, he was required by the WBC rules to make two mandatory title defenses. The first, against No. 1 ranked Deontay Wilder of th...
reviews | forums
|Povetkin's Coach: Wilder's PED Rant Shows Weakness
Ivan Kirpa, former welterweight contender and current head trainer of Olympic gold medal winner Alexander Povetkin, was stunned by the recent accusations that were voiced by WBC heavyweight champio...
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- Chantel Jennings, ESPN Staff Writer
Each week, Tom, Mike and Chantel sit down to talk about three topics surrounding Michigan sports and recruiting. This week, they take a look back at the Wolverines' football freshmen who didn't redshirt, the basketball team's drop in the polls, and a big-visit weekend for Wolverine recruiting.
1) Of the true freshmen who played in 2012, who should the Wolverines have kept redshirted?
Scout's Take: Ahmir Mitchell to Michigan
2dTom Luginbill
Top breakout players in 2015: Nos. 10-1
2dTravis Haney
After being called a cupcake, Utah gets some cupcakes, too
3dChantel Jennings
Jim Harbaugh wowed by Michael Jordan call
3dDan Murphy
B1G mailbag: Trap games for contenders, rushing title
4dBrian Bennett
Big Ten preseason quarterback rankings
4dAustin Ward
WolverineNation roundtable


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it was a 1 min blitz game and it wasn't me playing - just thought it was a neat ending
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Clumsy Kid Accidentally Punches Hole in $1.5 Million Painting [VIDEO]
That's a lot of allowance money this kid's gonna owe the museum.
That's a lot of allowance money this kid's gonna owe the museum.
You watchin' this, Yasiel Puig?
It's no secret that collectively, the drivers of Victoria are...shall we say....less than desirable. But, today is the first day back to school for many kids in the Crossroads and that means SCHOOL ZONES!!!
I know it's hard trying to avoid those idiots that run red lights because they decided to speed up instead of slow down at the impending yellow light but you gotta remain focused
Kids -- they're the future and we need to be careful how we raise them. But are we being too careful?
Albert Pujols has hit a lot of home runs in his career (more than 500!), but this dinger has raised eyebrows.
If you're gonna have kids, you're gonna have to change diapers. There's no way around it.
YouTuber Jamie Morse stars in this hilarious video in which he struggles to change his daughter's diaper without making himself sick
A young Sheffield, Texas boy was killed Saturday night after a drunk driver crashed into his home.
Yeah, that's not a typo. A Missouri High School student actually had her senior pictures taken at the fast food franchise. When I first heard about it I thought to myself "Damn, I know teenagers like Taco Bell but this is ridiculous
In this day and age with social media dominating technology and our everyday lives, it is getting harder and harder to tell if someone is for real or not. This experiment is no exception. This guy Coby, with the permission of all the girl's parents, posed as a 15 year old boy who is new in town and looking to make new friends
This is Tina S. A 15 year old French guitar phenom has covered everyone from Yngwie Malmsteen to Eddie Van Halen to Steve Vai to Gary Moore to DragonForce and even Metallica.
In this video, Tina covers Dragonforce's "Through the Fire and the Flames" and shreds just as good at Herman Li (Dragonforce's head shredder)
How fitting that at a Milwaukee Brewers baseball game you have fans drink....well....beer. However, I'm sure it's not the intention of the ballpark or the team to have underage kids drinking at their games right? Right?
Tell that to the kid seen in the video below
Usually it's a buckle up campaign or DWI checkpoints that we warn you about, but this weekend, kids are the target of the Victoria Police Department.


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Click here to print the obituary below
Michael Rich
Rich, Michael W.
Michael W. Rich, 48, of Stratford, formally of Stamford, passed away on Monday, September 9, 2013. Michael was born in Stamford on November 10, 1964 to Albert and Patricia A. Yaeger Rich.
Michael graduated from Stamford High School in 1981, and went on to work for the Local Laborers Union and The Stone Mason Local of Connecticut after which Michael decided to open his own business, M.W. Rich Mason Contractors LLC, which he proudly owned and operated for 27 years.
Michael loved sports and was an avid Giants fan and, in his younger days, played semi-pro football for The Connecticut Giants. Michael loved playing poker and golfing with his Dad, he also enjoyed home cooked meals from his Mom's kitchen and affectionately teased his niece and nephews. Michael also had a love for animals beside his own pets; Buster, Peanut, Heidi and Missy Girl. Michael also took in stray cats from an abandoned building near his home where he then fed, cared for and provided medical attention.
Besides his parents, Michael is survived by his two brothers; Albert Rich Jr. and his wife Jennifer, of Stamford and Craig Rich and his wife Victoria, of West Haven, his sister; Kimmy Corelli and her husband Anthony, of Stamford, as well as his niece and nephews; Tyler, Ashley, Nick, CJ, Christian, Kyle and Anthony Albert. Many caring aunts, uncles, cousins and dear friends also survive.
A funeral procession will leave the Nicholas F. Cognetta Funeral Home & Crematory, 104 Myrtle Avenue, Stamford on Saturday September 14, 2013 at 10:30AM and proceed to St. Mary RC Church, 566 Elm Street, Stamford, for a Mass of Christian Burial to be celebrated at 11:00AM. Interment will be private. Family and friends may call at the funeral home on Friday September 13, 2013 from 5:00 to 8:00PM.
In lieu of flowers, the family requests that donations be made to the Stratford Animal Rescue Society (S.T.A.R.S.), 225 Deacon Point Road, Stratford, CT 06615
To leave online condolences, please visit
The Nicholas F. Cognetta Funeral Home & Crematory is honored to assist the Rich family with the arrangements.
Funeral Home
Nicholas F. Cognetta Funeral Home & Crematory
104 Myrtle Avenue
Stamford, CT 06902
(203) 348-4949
Published in StamfordAdvocate on Sept. 12, 2013


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Abba Inn Bed and Breakfast
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East Coast Trail Hike #2
Walked another section of the East Coast Trail today, Middle Cove. It followed the coast fairly closely in spots. I had to walk some sections with my back turned to the ocean. The movement of the ocean in my periferal vision combined with walking sections of the trail with nothing between me and the edge made me dizzy/queasy. I walked most of the trail until we came to a wide stream I did not wish to negotiate. ...
The eastern most point of North America
... kiss a cod and say a verse of something in Newfondland language, and that makes you an honorary Newfy. It sounded like fun so we all thought we would give it a go, but 1 of the guys we were going with got the times wrong and we missed it. It was still a good night out though, with a big group of people from the hostel.
Before we headed on to our next destination, we of course had to go to the eastern most point of north america, cape spear. ...
God I'm in Love...
Took our motorhome to Mobile Trailer to have the awning removed as City Tire wanted to deal with this in house. Awning taken off in a jiffy and off we went to Cape Spear ( the most easterly point in Canada) . What a beautiful day and the sights are just amazing.
Time was to head off to Bay Bull to catch our whale and puffin boat tour, we were so excited as the day could not ...
St John's - certainly a tight squeeze!
... br>
Soon we were tied up at the dock right in the middle of this bustling city.
Once again we decided to explore this new port on foot, and this time it was a quick transition from ship to shore straight down the gangway and into the middle of the city!
Survived the Dollhouse
... now her zoom is bigger than mine so I think I want a knew camera now...lol
We discovered our hotel was right behind the shopping area so we went and unloaded the car, we needed 2 hotel luggage trollies and we had bags hanging off the hooks. I am sure the staff was wondering what the heck they had just checked in ! We spent the next couple of hours unpacking and repacking and throwing out so we have got down to, 1 suitcase, 1 backpack, 1 Frontpack and 1 pce of ...


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Unconfirmed reports of leopard sightings and attacks on livestock in the vicinity of Sinhagad fort spread fast over Whatsapp, officials of the... ...http://timesofindia.feedsportal.com/c/33039/f/533982/s/49636cd1/sc/32/l/0Ltimesofindia0Bindiatimes0N0Ccity0Cpune0CLeopard0Esighting0EForest0Edepartment0Eadvises0Ecaution0Carticleshow0C487175710Bcms/story01.htm
N K Mahajan (Source: Express Photo) While many at his age would struggle to get up from the bed, 96-year-old NK Mahajan can beat even those in... ...http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/96-year-old-celebrates-birthday-by-climbing-sinhagad-fort/
MTDC plans to organise 160-km race across state's forts in October, with around 200 participants of over 16 yrs. Ambitiously set on the lines of... ...http://www.punemirror.in/pune/civic/Pune-all-set-to-host-its-own-grand-cycle-race/articleshow/48242475.cms
We dare you to visit these five haunted places We love ghosts, don't we? In fact, our favourite way of killing time, especially when it's dark and... ...http://www.rediff.com/getahead/report/travel-pune-and-its-ghosts/20150719.htm
Selfie mania, say rescue workers, is causing a spike in deadly accidents, as daredevils attempt to take the perfect photo at dangerous spots The... ...http://www.punemirror.in/pune/cover-story/A-click-away-from-death/articleshow/47993979.cms


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Big East roundup: Louisville, Bridgewater stay undefeated
TribLIVE Sports Videos
LOUISVILLE, Ky. — Louisville's Teddy Bridgewater and the No. 12 Cardinals did it again.
The sophomore quarterback threw for five touchdowns in another stellar game to help the Cardinals rally from a deficit for the sixth game in a row — albeit an early one, this time — as Louisville beat Temple, 45-17, on Saturday.
"To see the game Teddy had, five touchdowns," Louisville coach Charlie Strong said. "What is unbelievable about Teddy is that he is just able to find open receivers."
Louisville (9-0, 4-0 Big East) scored on five of its first six possessions. The Cardinals, off to their best start in school history, moved into a first-place tie with Rutgers.
A major reason for that is Bridgewater.
He picked the Owls apart, throwing for 324 yards on 19 of 28 passing. Louisville's offense was nearly unstoppable.
"You can't predict games like these," Bridgewater said. "It just comes, and we're thankful to have this type of success."
Louisville allowed Temple's one-dimensional offense to take a lead twice and move the ball with ease. The Owls (3-5, 2-3) racked up 255 yards on the ground while completing just 6 of 16 passes for 54 yards.
"I felt like we started a little sluggish," Louisville cornerback Adrian Bushell said. "We had a lot of missed tackles. They got 150 yards on plays where we missed tackles."
The Cardinals recovered four fumbles, three in the second half. Louisville's defensive performance led to Temple playing three different quarterbacks.
Cincinnati 35, Syracuse 24 – In Cincinnati, George Winn ran for a career-high three touchdowns and passed for another off a trick play, leading the Bearcats over Syracuse in a game that included a change at quarterback for the winners.
Munchie Legaux was benched after nearly throwing an interception in the third quarter. Senior backup Brendon Kay threw a 13-yard touchdown pass that put the Bearcats (6-2, 2-1 Big East) ahead to stay.
Cincinnati was coming off back-to-back losses that featured five interceptions by Legaux. He threw one in the first half Saturday and was repeatedly booed on Saturday by the crowd of 26,180, the smallest for a game at Nippert Stadium this season.
Coach Butch Jones changed quarterbacks three days after saying he'd never considered benching Legaux, who finished 11 of 22 for 124 yards with one interception.
The Orange (4-5, 3-2) were coming off the biggest comeback in school history, rallying from a 20-point halftime deficit to beat South Florida. Syracuse couldn't recover after Winn's 2-yard run made it, 35-24, early in the fourth quarter.
South Florida 13, Connecticut 6 – In Tampa, Fla., B.J. Daniels ran for a first-quarter touchdown before leaving in the fourth with an injury as South Florida stopped a school-record six-game losing streak.
Daniels was hurt on a 15-yard run inside the UConn (3-6, 0-4) 10 about five minutes into the fourth. The senior quarterback couldn't put any weight on his left leg as he was helped from the field. The Bulls settled for a 28-yard field goal by Maikon Bonani later in the drive.
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