text:
Nuun is passionate about hydration. Nuun All Day takes it to the next level with 17 vitamins and minerals and zero sugar. One tab contains less than 8 calories. Nuun all Day tablets come in Grapefruit Orange, Tangerine Lime, Blueberry Pomegranate, and Grape Raspberry.
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Andrew McLean
My Favorite ski touring energy drink
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I like how Nuun travels - you don't have to deal/worry about a bag of sticky powder exploding in your dufflebag or pack. I also like how you can easily snap them in half for a weaker mix, or go with a full tab for stronger. They also have a slight fizz to them, which fades quickly, but is refreshing. Plus, I like the way they taste.
Lisa E
Get your vitamins
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These are an convenient way to get that extra boost you sometimes need. Anytime I am short on sleep or extra stressed, I like to supplement with vitamins. Nuun does a good job of making this convenient and fairly tasty. Just dissolve in water.
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I love Nuun so when they produced a product designed to be consumed throughout my day-to-day activities, I was sold. I already was drinking Nuun or U by Nuun to help me consume more water throughout the day so I was excited when I learned that I would be able to get a lower sodium content and a higher vitamin content. I like the Grape Raspberry (my husband says it tastes like Kool-Aid) and the Tangerine Lime flavors the best. The other two are also tasty but in a gummy vitamin kind of way. If you like Nuun, this product is a great way to supplement! ~Your Nuun Representative


text:
The present invention includes a graphics software program that automatically generates a color scheme for graphics. In embodiments of the present invention, the graphics software program receives a selection of a color transformation and a semantic model describing a graphic. The graphics software program interpolates color values for different portions of the graphic according to the color transformation and semantic model. In other embodiments, a data structure is provided for a color transformation definition created to assign the color values to portions of the graphic.
1. A computer-readable media, embodied in at least one tangible media, having a method executable by a computer system for applying a color transformation to a graphic, performing steps comprising:
receiving a semantic model for the graphic;
receiving a color transformation selection for the graphic;
automatically determining one or more portions of the semantic model;
automatically determining whether the one or more portions should receive the same color or no color;
based upon the determinations, automatically determining color values according to a color transformation model; and
automatically applying the color values to the one or more portions of the semantic model.
2. A computer-readable medium of
3. A computer-readable medium of
4. A computer-readable medium of
5. A computer-readable medium of
6. A computer-readable medium of
7. A computer-readable medium of
8. A computer-readable medium of
receiving a next semantic model; and
automatically reassigning the color values according to the color transformation for the one or more portions of the next semantic model.
9. A computer-readable medium of
receiving a selected hue in a color palette;
extrapolating one or more new colors by applying a color scheme to a color wheel; and
automatically assigning the one or more new colors to one or more portions of the graphic created by the semantic model, comprising setting a color property of a graphic object to a new color.
10. A computer-readable medium of
11. A computer-readable medium of
12. In a computer system having a graphical user interface including a display device and one or more user interface selection devices, a method for automatically creating a colored graphic, comprising:
receiving a semantic model for the graphic;
receiving a color transformation selection for the graphic;
automatically determining one or more portions of the semantic model;
automatically determining whether the one or more portions should receive the same color or no color; and
based upon the determinations, displaying a rendered graphic with automatically assigned color values for the graphic that relate to one or more portions of the semantic model.
13. A method of
14. A method of
receiving a selection of color model; and
displaying a rendered graphic wherein the assigned color values apply at least one color determined from the color model.
15. A computer-readable medium having stored thereon a data structure, comprising:
a first data field containing data specifying one or more portions of a semantic model that receives a color transformation; and
a second data field functioning to determine whether the one or more portions should receive the same color or no color and, based upon the determination, to assign a color value to the one or more portions of the semantic model in the first data field according to the color transformation model.
16. A computer-readable medium of
17. A computer-readable medium of
18. A computer-readable medium of
19. A computer-readable medium of
20. A computer-readable medium of
This application is a continuation in part application of an application entitled "EDITING THE TEXT OF AN ARBITRARY GRAPHIC VIA A HIERARCHICAL LIST," application Ser. No. 10/957,103, filed on Sep. 30, 2004, and assigned to Microsoft Corporation, which application is incorporated herein by reference.
As per 37 CFR 1.71(e), a portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material which is subject to copyright protections. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document of the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent file or records, but other wise reserves all copyrights whatsoever.
The present invention relates generally to the creation and editing of graphical presentations. More particularly, the present invention relates to the formatting of visual presentations in computer graphics applications or programs.
Visual aids help people understand information. Conveying information to or among groups of people almost necessarily requires creating visual presentations. These visual presentations generally provide graphical content to the user's choice of media, e.g. text or audio. Computer programs, such as the Microsoft� PowerPoint� presentation application, have helped automate the task of creating such graphical content. Such graphics programs generally allow users to convey information more efficiently and effectively by putting that information in easily understandable formats and contexts.
Graphical content contains information that can have both textual and graphical characteristics. Textual characteristics generally refer to the written matter within the graphical content. Graphical characteristics generally refer to the pictorial or other visual features or formatting of the graphical content. Depending on the information and the audience, the user generally determines a visual diagram that will best teach or convey the underlying information. Then, the user tries to create the diagram that the user has decided to use.
Adding formatting, such as color, to the graphical content further enhances the visual appeal of the presentation. However, users generally have a great amount of trouble coloring portions of the graphic. More specifically, users generally can color only single portions of the graphic at one time. Assigning complementary colors to other portions of the graphic requires the user to adjust manually, in some manner, the color settings for each portion of the graphic. If the user desires a more integrated and professional look for their colored graphics, the user generally has to continually adjust the colors of the different portions of the graphic until the colors match or complement. It is with respect to these and other considerations that the present invention has been made.
The present invention relates to a novel graphics software application or program. The graphics application comprises embodiments directed toward the automatic application of formatting, such as color schemes or color transformations to graphics. In one embodiment, a method for applying a color transformation to a graphic comprises receiving a semantic model for the graphic. The semantic model is a data structure describing the layout and organization of the graphic. The method automatically determines one or more portions of the semantic model and automatically assigns formatting values or color values for the one or more portions of the graphic.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a user interface receives a semantic model for the graphic. The semantic model, in one embodiment, is created automatically from some user input. The user interface receives a format transformation or a color transformation selection for the graphic. The color transformation selection directs the graphics program to retrieve a color transformation model to apply to one or more portions of the semantic model. The user interface displays the automatically colored graphic with the color values automatically assigned for the one or more portions of the graphic.
The present invention also comprises embodiments of a data structure for a format transformation definition. The data structure comprises one or more data fields. A first data field contains data specifying one or more portions of a semantic model that receives a color transformation. A second data field contains data applying the color transformation application method or model. A third field functions to assign a color value to the one or more portions of the semantic model in the first data field according to the color transformation application method or model in the second data field.
The invention may be implemented as a computer process, a computing system or as an article of manufacture such as a computer program product. The computer program product may be a computer storage medium readable by a computer system and encoding a computer program of instructions for executing a computer process. The computer program product may also be a propagated signal on a carrier readable by a computing system and encoding a computer program of instructions for executing a computer process.
A more complete appreciation of the present invention and its improvements can be obtained by reference to the accompanying drawings, which are briefly summarized below, to the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, and to the appended claims.
The patent or application file contains at least one drawing executed in color. Copies of this patent or patent application publication with color drawing(s) will be provided by the Office upon request and payment of the necessary fee.
The present invention will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which embodiments of the invention are shown. The invention may however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the disclosure will be thorough and complete and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. The present invention provides methods and systems for automatically applying formatting to a graphic. The formatting may be any type of visual characteristic change, such as color, pattern, font type, etc. However, the present invention will be explained with embodiments applied to color, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described herein, as one skilled in the art will recognize. A graphic is any visual representation of information. In exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the graphic is a diagram, such as a flow chart, an organizational chart, a pie chart, etc. While the present invention will be described with reference to formatting diagrams, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described herein.
An embodiment of the present invention for a system 100 for automatically assigning color to a graphic is shown in
The semantic model 104 is input into the format engine 108. The user also selects a format transformation 106. Upon selecting the format transformation 106, the format engine 108 retrieves a format transformation model 110 from a data store. Applying the format transformation model 110 to the semantic model 104, the format engine 108 determines a format value for portions of the semantic model 104. The determined formats are assigned to the portions of the graphic, and the format engine 108 outputs a format transformation definition 111. The format transformation definition is then used to render the graphic result 112. The system and method for automatically formatting a graphic is described in more detail below.
An example of a suitable operating environment in which the invention may be implemented is illustrated in
With reference to
Device 200 may also contain communications connection(s) 212 that allow the device to communicate with other devices. Communications connection(s) 212 is an example of communication media. Communication media typically embodies computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and includes any information delivery media. The term "modulated data signal" means a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in the signal. By way of example, and not limitation, communication media includes wired media such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared, and other wireless media.
Device 200 may also have input device(s) 214 such as keyboard, mouse, pen, voice input device, touch input device, etc. Output device(s) 216 such as a display, speakers, printer, etc. may also be included. The devices 214 may help form the user interface 102 discussed above while devices 216 may display results 112 discussed above. All these devices are well know in the art and need not be discussed at length here.
Computing device 200 typically includes at least some form of computer readable media. Computer readable media can be any available media that can be accessed by processing unit 202. By way of example, and not limitation, computer readable media may comprise computer storage media and communication media. Combinations of the any of the above should also be included within the scope of computer readable media.
The computer device 200 may operate in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more remote computers (not shown). The remote computer may be a personal computer, a server computer system, a router, a network PC, a peer device, or other common network node, and typically includes many or all of the elements described above relative to the computer device 200. The logical connections between the computer device 200 and the remote computer may include a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), but may also include other networks. Such networking environments are commonplace in offices, enterprise-wide computer networks, intranets, and the Internet.
When used in a LAN networking environment, the computer device 200 is connected to the LAN through a network interface or adapter. When used in a WAN networking environment, the computer device 200 typically includes a modem or other means for establishing communications over the WAN, such as the Internet. The modem, which may be internal or external, may be connected to the computer processor 202 via the communication connections 212, or other appropriate mechanism. In a networked environment, program modules or portions thereof may be stored in the remote memory storage device. By way of example, and not limitation, a remote application programs may reside on memory device connected to the remote computer system. It will be appreciated that the network connections explained are exemplary and other means of establishing a communications link between the computers may be used.
An exemplary embodiment of a system 300 for automatically applying formats to a graphic is shown in
In this embodiment, the format engine 302 has a determining module 304 and an assigning module 310. The determining module 304 determines what portions of the graphic are colored. For example, if the graphic is an organizational chart with three colored levels, the determining module 304 determines that the graphic has three levels. In one embodiment, the determining module 304 receives the semantic model 306. As explained above, the semantic model 306 describes the organization and layout of a graphic. For example, the semantic model 306 lists the levels within a graphic and the number of items within each level. The semantic model 306 therefore delineates the portions of the graphic. The determination module 304 parses the semantic model 306 and determines various characteristics about the semantic model 306, such as the hierarchical structure of the semantic model 306, how many elements are in the semantic model 306, etc. These characteristics may them be used by the assigning module 310 to assign color or other formats to the graphic objects created based on the semantic model 306.
The assigning module 310 also has access to the format transformation models 110. In particular, when a user selects a particular transformation, such as described about in conjunction with
The assigning module 310 assigns the determined colors to each portion. In one embodiment, the assigning module 310 uses the portion identifications to create a color transformation definition 312. The color transformation definition 312 contains the formatting definitions for every portion identified in the semantic model 306. In embodiments of the present invention, some of the definitions include coloring definitions. Upon determining the colors for the portions of the semantic model 306, the assigning module 310 creates a color transformation definition 312 and stores it with new color definitions for the applicable portions. A color definition is a data element that provides the display with information on how to display the color of the portion of the graphic, as is explained below with reference to
In a further embodiment, the present invention may include a rendering engine 316. The rendering engine 316 renders the colored graphic 314. In one embodiment, the rendering engine 316 determines the shapes, transitions, and other elements of the color graphic 314 from the semantic model 306. Using the identification tags within the semantic model, as is explained below with reference to
Exemplary embodiments of color transformations are shown in
If a user selects a color transformation that changes the transparency of the portions of the graphic, such as selection 114 in
A next embodiment of a color transformation is shown in
Another embodiment of the present invention for automatically formatting the hue of portions of a graphic is shown in
In some embodiments, the color transformation model, such as color transformation model 308 (
To extrapolate the colors, the format engine applies a color scheme to a color wheel. The format engine uses a color wheel to determine colors that will function with the colors in the user's color palette. A color wheel 1000 is shown in
In one embodiment, each color has a position identification number, represented in the exemplary color wheel 1000 by an integer. For example, the color yellow 1002 has the position identification number 1004 of 1. In another embodiment, a particular hue setting can be selected by the position, in degrees, minutes, and seconds, around the color wheel. For example, yellow may be at 0� while red may be at 60� and green at 300�. Thus, every color used by the computer may have two identification numbers, one for the hue setting (e.g., the 32-bit color identification) and one for the position of the color on the color wheel, stated in degrees, minutes, and seconds or the equivalent radian. The arrangement of the color wheel becomes important in using the color schemes described below.
A complementary color scheme 908, such as that shown in
An alternate color scheme 922 is shown in
A split complementary scheme is shown in
An embodiment of a method 500 for automatically coloring a graphic is shown in
Determine operation 504 determines the portions of the semantic model to apply the formatting and what types of formatting. In general, determine operation 504 parses the semantic model, evaluating the components for hierarchical evidence and other characteristics that might be relevant to variants in formatting. For instance, determine operation 504 may determine how many objects are in the semantic model. Determine operation 504 may determine how many levels and/or sublevels exist between the objects. Determine operation 504 may do this evaluation with or without information related to a selection of a format transformation model. That is, in one embodiment, if the format transformation relates to color and one solid color is selected regardless of the semantic model contents, then determine operation 504 need not and does not spend time evaluating the semantic model. In another embodiment, determine operation 504 performs the analysis independent of the transformation such that when the transformation changes, no new analysis need be done on an existing semantic model.
In other embodiments, determine operation 504 automatically determines the portions of the semantic model to apply a color transformation or other format transformations. In one embodiment, a user selects a color transformation, such as selection 106 (
Upon determining the characteristics of the semantic model, assign operation 506 automatically assigns the color values to the portions of the semantic model. In one embodiment, the format engine applies a mathematical model from a selected color transformation model to the number of portions determined by the determine operation 504 and the results are displayed. For example, the user may have chosen a color scheme having two colors, blue and yellow. However, the semantic model may have three portions. The color transformation model may use a proportional math model to extrapolate a new color with a hue value between the blue and yellow hue, such as green, to apply to the third portion. In another embodiment, the format engine modifies the color transformation definition, such as color transformation definition 312 (
A further embodiment of a method 600 for determining the color values for the graphic is shown in
Following identify operation 604, determine operation 606 determines if any elements or levels receive a same color or no color. For example, in the exemplary semantic model 104 in
Next, determine operation 620 determines the order in which the color transformation is applied. In one embodiment, a first level listed in the semantic model, like level "1," is the first level in the order. Likewise, the last level listed in the semantic model is the last portion in the order. Thus, the formation engine orders all levels by the order listed in the semantic model. In other embodiments, the semantic model has an order ID or other data element designating the order. In still another embodiment, the color transformation model expresses how the order is determined.
A similar process occurs if the color transformation is applied to the nodes. That is, if determine operation 602 determines that the transformation should not apply to the levels, then flow branches No to determine operation 603. In addition, if the color transformation applies to the levels and the nodes, optional flow branches from computer operation 610, or computer operation 608 (flow branch not shown), to determine operation 603. Determine operation 603 determines if the transformation is to be applied to the nodes. A node is an element within a graphic that can be a shape, a transition, such as an arrow or line between shapes, or other item, such as nodes 402 a, 402 b, and 402 c. If the color transformation is not to be applied to the nodes, flow branches No to determine operation 620 described below to color other graphical elements. If the color transformation is to be applied to the nodes, flow branches Yes to identify operation 612, which identifies the last node in the level. In one embodiment, the format engine counts the number of elements or nodes that have the same level label. For example, in semantic model 104 in
Next, determine operation 620 determines the order in which the color transformation is applied. In one embodiment, a first node listed in the semantic model, like node "A," is the first node in the order. Likewise, the last node listed in the semantic model is the last portion in the order. Thus, the formation engine orders all nodes by the order listed in the semantic model. In other embodiments, the semantic model has an order ID or other data element designating the order. In still another embodiment, the color transformation model expresses how the order is determined.
A further embodiment of a method 700 for assigning color values to portions of a graphic is shown in
Other mathematical models are used in other embodiments. For example, an exponential model may double the change for each node. Thus, a first node has 5% transparency, a second node has 10%, a third node has 20%, and so on. In another embodiment, the mathematical model alternates or varies the color of each portion. Thus, every other portion receives a same color value. For example, nodes 1, 3, 5, and 7 receive a transparency of 25% while nodes 2, 4, 6, and 8 receive a transparency of 75%. Other mathematical models are possible and contemplated as one skilled in the art will recognize.
Upon retrieving the mathematical model, receive operation 704 receives the number of portions for the graphic and/or other characteristics, such as may be determined by determine operation 504 discussed above with respect to
Next, create operation 708 creates color and offset settings for each portion of the graphic. In an embodiment of the present invention, a user employs a color palette. For example, in some presentation programs, a color palette is provided that provides a set of colors to use within the presentation that are arranged in a predetermined set. The present invention, in one embodiment, determines color settings from the color palette. Thus, if the user selects a hue change, the format engine takes a first color from the color palette and assigns that color to a first portion of the graphic. The format engine then assigns a complementary color using a color scheme, such as color scheme 908 described in conjunction with
Save operation 710 then saves the color and offset settings for each portion. In one embodiment, the format engine retrieves or creates a color transformation definition, such as color transformation definition 312 shown in
An embodiment of an exemplary semantic model 800 is shown in
A style label 804 defines the element further. In the exemplary embodiment, the style label 804 has a reference for the element: "normal1." In one embodiment, the style label 804 identifies the elements or shapes at each level. Thus, the reference, in one embodiment, refers to the level upon which the element occupies. In another embodiment, the reference refers to the element number within the level, e.g. element 1, element 2, etc. For the exemplary embodiment, the style label 804 designates the level within the graphic for the element. In some embodiments, each level is indented within the semantic model. Thus, every shape in the same level has the same indentation. The format engine discerns the number of elements in a level by counting the number of tags 802 having the same indentation. That said however, other, non-indenting methods may be used, such as through nesting.
A next tag 806 identifies a next element. The tag 806 has a different indentation than the first element tag 802. Thus, the next tag 806 designates that the next element is on a different level, and, with the indentation being greater than the first tag 802, the next tag 806 designates that the next element is a child or subordinate element to the first element. The next element also has a style label 808 that has a new reference, "normal2," used for all elements on the next level. As may be appreciated, indention may be removed, but nesting still implies a next element.
A color transformation definition 810 uses the information within the semantic model 800 to create automatic color transformations for the graphic. The color transformation definition 810 may have one or more of the following items of information: an identification 812, a name 814, a category 816, a diagram category 818, one or more style labels 820 and 826, format identifications 822, 830, and 832, and format settings 824 and 828. The name, also called the strongname, and the category help define the type of color transformation, the color transformation model that will be used for the color transformation definition, and the user interface information for the color transformation selection in the user interface. The table that follows describes each of the exemplary items of information that may be present within the color transformation definition:
The exemplary color transformation definition 810, of
The format tag 822 designates the visual characteristic changed for the elements with the reference in the style label 820. In the present embodiment, format tag 822 designates that the fill color is changed. Other format tags are possible including tags for text color 830 and line color 832. A color setting 824 is provided under the format tag 822. The color setting 824 provides a base color. For example, "index='3'" sets the base color to a value of 3. Then each level has an offset setting measured from the base color. In the present embodiment, the setting is for luminosity. The color transformation definition 810 specifies offsets for hue, saturation, alpha channeling, and other settings in other embodiments. The user's selection of a color transformation designates what the color transformation definition setting will be applied. The offset is expressed as a percentage from the base color. For example, the offset in color setting 824 is 20%. In other embodiments, the offset is expressed as an integer value, such as from 1 to 10, or in degrees, such as 0� or 360�. A color setting 828 for a third style label 826 has a luminosity offset of 60%. Thus, elements within a third level with a reference of "normal3" will be rendered as 40% more luminous than elements within the first level with a reference of "normal1."
The mathematical model or color scheme applied in the color transformation definition is associated with the color transformation selection chosen by the user. Thus, if the user chooses a proportional luminosity change over the levels of the diagram, the format engine will build the color transformation definition according to a simple slope calculation for the levels specified within the semantic model. The mathematical model or color scheme is not expressed in the color transformation definition but is applied and can be understood by the results saved within the color transformation definition.
In embodiments of the present invention, a color transformation definition 312 stores the color settings as part of the color transformation definition 312. In other embodiments, the color transformation definition 312 builds references to the color transformation definition. Regardless, when applying color during the rendering of the displayed graphic, the color transformation definition is referenced for color settings for each style label. The style labels for the elements are found within the color transformation definition. The color values and offsets associated with the style labels are then used to create the colors for each element. Therefore, the color transformation definition automatically provides the colors for the rendered graphic, as explained above with reference to
Although the present invention has been described in language specific to structural features, methodological acts, and computer-readable media containing such acts, it is to be understood that the present invention defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific structure, acts, or media described. One skilled in the art will recognize other embodiments or improvements that are within the scope and spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the specific structure, acts, or media are disclosed as exemplary embodiments of implementing the claimed invention. The invention is defined by the appended claims.
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Storms By DaybreakJuly 6th, 2014 at 10:25 pm by Pamela Gardner under Weather
A line of thunderstorms continues to move slowly southeast through Iowa and Wisconsin. The line will weaken overnight, but a few isolated showers will make it into Indiana by daybreak Monday. Monday afternoon we have another chance for storms and showers to develop. Those could turn severe, with damaging wind and large hail as the main threats.
Temps right now are still in the 70s. Overnight we stay warm and muggy with lows in the upper 60s. Monday's highs reach the mid to upper 80s with high humidity.


text:
Downtown Grill
Steaks, seafood create fans of restaurant
CORPUS CHRISTI - New updates to classic downtown eatery
The Downtown Grill is open and welcoming old and new customers.
Previously known as City Diner, Downtown Grill has kept the black and white tiles and art deco influences while updating and refreshing the entire restaurant.
Centrally located in the heart of downtown Corpus Christi, it is within easy walking distance of many hotels and numerous businesses.
This eatery sparkles with gleaming large glass windows and fresh and new aqua blue accents.
There are numerous dining areas including a private party room.
Downtown Grill features juicy mesquite-grilled steaks and fresh seafood in addition to great specials such as sirloin tips over seasoned rice pilaf, tender roast beef and cheddar sandwich or flounder Ponchatrain created with seared flounder topped with a Cajun sauce.
Whether you dine in, carry out or use its catering services, Downtown Grill has it all covered.
Plus this restaurant is open every day during the holiday season including Christmas Eve and Christmas Day.
Begin any meal with a drink and appetizer. Happy hour is the perfect time to enjoy special pricing on margaritas and beer.
Appetizers are delicious with choices including fried calamari or the appetizer combo which is a generous portion of mozzarella sticks, potato skins and stuffed mushrooms.
Soup and salad are a great way to start a meal. Select the cold, crisp shrimp salad and a hot cup of flavorful chicken Florentine soup.
With the mesquite grill located front and center, USDA choice steaks and fresh from the ocean seafood are the stars of the restaurant.
Relish the guaranteed to melt in your mouth filet mignon or the New York strip grilled to your specification and topped with four jumbo shrimp. Finish the steak with sautéed mushrooms or onions.
Fish is delicious when grilled and there are several choices such as Alaskan salmon, fresh amberjack or swordfish all lightly seasoned and grilled to perfection.
Downtown Grill offers a great selection of pasta, sandwiches, burgers and salads.
Bite into a Philly cheese-steak on a hoagie bun, Cajun shrimp pasta or the greasy burger created with Angus chuck beef, grilled and served on a toasted bun with everything piled on.
Conclude the meal with hot apple pie ala mode, a slice of creamy carrot cake or homemade New York-style cheesecake.
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text:
On the Waterfront (1954)
Every time I sit down to watch a series of films For Science, something unexpected happens. I don't ever plan for this to happen. In fact, I didn't even pick these movies — Dr. Cole Abaius picked them for me as part of his work on Old Ass Movies. I just watch them and document. And what I've documented in the move from Olivier's Hamlet to Elia Kazan's On the Waterfront is the difference (and thus, great deal of similarity) in the leading performances. Hamlet was Olivier showing off his stage presence, and On the Waterfront is a young Marlon Brando showing off his authenticity. Real, gritty, American underdog authenticity. He coulda been a contender, you know.
Despite the obvious quotability of On the Waterfront, a film I've taken far too long to see, there's something telling about the choice of story. It is an essential American story of oppression, poverty and life on the mean streets, down by the docks. It is also one of those tumultuous love stories that we don't see so much anymore, the good girl (in this case, the gorgeous Eva Marie Saint) falling for the rough-and-tumble thug (Brando). Where do you think the 'girls only love bad boys' cultural theme came from, anyhow? The key in all of this is Brando, who is magnificent. He's the ultimate tough guy whose layers are peeled back over the course of the two hour narrative to reveal a hero. There's something beautifully innocent about his toughness, his great defense mechanism. He's the heart and soul of a gritty story, one about striking out for what is good and right. And did I mention his motivation of getting to canoodle with the super-hot Ms. Eva Marie Saint? Yeah, I'd go down to da docks and take a beating for her, too.
Bridge on the River Kwai (1957)
It probably wasn't the best idea to save this two and a half hour war epic for last, but them's the rules. However, despite the gigantic runtime of this film, there was no gap in attention — even for a child of the ADD generation. Why? Because there's something so fascinating about the film's central storyline. No, not the story about the American soldier (William Holden) who escapes captivity only to come back with his sights set on destroying the enemy's big bridge. And no, not the story about the British soldiers held captive by the Japanese, who are forced to do the seemingly impossible and build a big bridge for the enemy. I'm talking about the gentlemanly rivalry between the commander of the British, played by Alec Guinness, and Japanese Colonel Saito (Sessue Hayakawa).
Ever other ounce of this movie — the epic scope, the beautiful scenery, the awesome explosions — all exist only to serve as fodder for the chess match happening in the commandant's quarters. It is such intimate, quiet and polite discourse that it feels like a small element within the story — the Brit wants to follow the rules of war, but the Japanese colonel says this is war, there are no rules. It what makes this movie so resonant, the power of principle. That, and the fact that Alec Guinness was a fine actor. His character is one of the toughest sonofabitches that I've ever seen in a movie. And all for a matter of decency, a matter of principle.
Another strong takeaway that I had, just as my will to watch movies for the day was beginning to drain, is that Bridge on the River Kwai is made even more entertaining with humor. It's a pretty funny movie, in the end. From the matter-of-fact nature of Guinness in the dinner time cultural showdown to the strange British major who wears rolls of plastic explosives around his neck, there are more than a few laughs to be had. It makes the great emotional weight of Guinness' characters journey that much easier to take. He is a tragic figure, after all.
Bringing It All Together
All day I spent watching movies, and all day I spent search for a theme, a common thread with which I can tie all four of these multiple Oscar winners together. There is the obvious. The well-crafted and layered narratives, the high level of technical proficiency. But perhaps it's even more simple than that. Perhaps it has something to do with the rise of an era, an era of iconic leading men. Each of these films centered on a great performance from an actor with an uncanny ability to take over. From Crosby to Olivier to Brando to Guinness, there's not a mediocre moment in the bunch. They are dynamic, charismatic and hold an authenticity that supersedes the world in which their characters exist. They were the essential leading men.
It calls in to question what we see today. If we look at this year's Oscar nominees for Best Picture, the remnants of the great leading man are still there. The Hurt Locker has its rogue cowboy (Jeremy Renner), Avatar has its middling underdog hero (Sam Worthington) and Up in the Air features on of the last great movie stars (George Clooney). But are any of these movies truly defined by their central characters? Not exactly. They're environmental (they created great environments, not that they're tree hugger movies) films, stories of tension and heartbreaking reality. And these leading men are part of the system, not quite the elevating factors that we see with the men of the four films mentioned above. In fact, one could argue that all three of the contemporary films I mentioned are more products of their respective directors than the performances of their leading men. Products of good writing, or great special effects, rather than simply stunning performance. Maybe that's just a sign of the times. It doesn't make it bad, it just makes it different. A difference that I didn't really know about, until I watched a few old movies.


text:
Macroeconomic Analysis and Stabilization Policy
- Author: Stephen J. Turnovsky
- Date Published: August 1977
- availability: Available
- format: Paperback
- isbn: 9780521291873
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The main focus of this book, first published in 1977, is the construction and analysis of an integrated macroeconomic model. In this exercise, four main aspects are stressed that has not previously received adequate textbook attention. The 'intrinsic dynamics' of the macroeconomic system are emphasized, as well as developments in inflation theory, particularly pertaining to the role of inflationary expectations. In addition, several chapters are devoted to the international aspects of macroeconomics, and their thorough coverage makes this book especially relevant to countries that are heavily dependant on international trade. Several aspects of stabilization policy are also discussed in detail, and an introduction to optimal stabilization theory is also provided. The book is appropriate to advanced undergraduate and postgraduate courses in macroeconomics.
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Product details
- Date Published: August 1977
- format: Paperback
- isbn: 9780521291873
- length: 408 pages
- dimensions: 229 x 152 x 23 mm
- weight: 0.6kg
- availability: Available
Table of Contents
1. introduction and overview
Part I. The Closed Economy:
2. Review of basic macroeconomic model
3. The formulation of a consistent macroeconomic model
4. the dynamics of the government budget constraint
5. The wage-price sector
6. A short-run integrated macroeconomic model
7. An intermediate ruin macroeconomic model
8. A long run model
Part III. The Open Economy:
9. Review of static macroeconomic models of a small open economy
10. Imported inflation and government policies in a short-run open macroeconomic model
11. The dynamics of an open economy with fixed exchange rate and fixed prices
12. Imported inflation and government policies in a dynamic open macroeconomic model
Part III. Stabilization Policies:
13. An introduction to stabilization theory and policy
14. Optimal stabilization theory
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text:
Clearing out and waiting for a warm upApril 15th, 2014 at 6:46 pm by Robb Ellis under Weather
Clouds will move gradually clear out overnight and after a chilly morning, a warm up will begin again. Temperatures will warm through the weekend and into next week.
A few flurries early, then clearing and cooling down. Low near 28.
Wednesday:After a chilly start, sunshine is expected to be in place the majority of the day. A few clouds could be possible, but high should be able to warm up into the low to mid 50s.
Highs return to near-normal (63 degrees). Sunshine will continue into Thursday but a few clouds will still be possible. Low temperatures will warm up into the 40s.
Friday into the Weekend:
Highs will stay near 60 degrees but a few clouds and showers will b e possible on Friday. That will bring in cooler air for Saturday with highs in the upper 50s. Temperatures stay near 60 for Sunday with partly cloudy skies. Lows remain in the low 40s.
Next week:
Temperatures return to above-normal values with highs approaching 70 degrees and lows in the 40s and 50s.


text:
Lab talk
Nov 26, 2009
Collaboration fabricates superconducting devices with high precision
Scientists from the University of Melbourne, La Trobe University and Leeds University have joined forces to fabricate advanced superconducting devices using focus ion beam (FIB) technology. The technique, which allows record-low structure sizes of only few tens of nanometres, has been applied to produce good-quality Josephson junctions, superconducting nanowires and some of the most magnetic field-sensitive DC-SQUIDs ever made, having a record low loop diameter of only 50 nm.
More importantly, by using superconducting nanowires fabricated using this technique it has been possible to observe thermally assisted slippage of the superconducting phase (TAPS) and quantum slippage of the phase (QPS). This result is of great importance, as the latter of these phenomena has so far only been observed in very few systems and is still a very controversial topic.
Future applications
QPS could be applied to the fabrication of devices useful for defining a new standard for current as, contrary to normal Josephson junctions, if subjected to microwave irradiation, the arrangement is expected to show a quantized plateau in the device current. The QPS effect is also under investigation as a replacement of the Josephson effect in a new generation of superconducting flux qbits that are expected to have lower sources of decoherence. The fabrication of phase-slip devices using fabrication techniques that are compatible with conventional device engineering is a significant step towards these goals.
The researchers presented their work in the journals Nanotechnology and Superconductor Science and Technology.
About the author
The study was performed in close collaboration between the University of Melbourne, La Trobe University and the University of Leeds and supported by the Australian Research Council and the EPSRC. Dr Giuseppe Carlo Tettamanzi is a FOM postdoctoral fellow at the Kavli Institute for NanoScience of the Technical University of Delft working under the direction of Prof. S Rogge and Prof. H W M Salemink and was a PhD student at the University of Melbourne between 2004 and 2007 as this work has been carried on as part of his PhD thesis. Dr Chris Pakes is a lecturer at the La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia. Dr Alessandro Potenza was a PhD student at the University of Leeds and is now working at the British Patent Office. S Rubanov is a research fellow at the Bio21 Institute of the University of Melbourne, Dr Christopher Marrows is a reader in Condensed Matter Physics at the University of Leeds. Prof. Steven Prawer is a professor of physics at the School of Physics of the University of Melbourne and the inaugural director of the Melbourne Material Institute, an interdepartmental centre within the University of Melbourne for innovative, high-risk high-return materials research programs.


text:
Cory Monteith is a really hot 6-foot-3 Canadian with a tribal arm band, or at least that's how girlfriend and co-star Lea Michele likes to refer to him. And we can't help but agree. The actor and musician has blessed our TV screens and musical hearts as Finn Hudson for three seasons on Glee. Who doesn't love an underachieving quarterback who sings and prays to a grilled cheese sandwich? That's why there was a sigh was heard around the world when we learned that Ryan Murphy had found a way to keep Finchel around for next season, even though they're graduating from McKinley next week.
In real life, when Cory's not singing and "dancing" on the Glee set, he's drumming it up with his band Bonnie Dune and now popping up everywhere at Lea's side — it looks like Rachel and Finn's romance has become a reality. Whether Cory's taken or not, we're still going to wish him a huge happy birthday today. We know it's hard to believe, since he's so convincing as a high schooler, but Cory's turning 30! Here are his 30 hottest looks to celebrate the big day.
[Photos: Getty Images]


text: On Sat, Jul 07, 2007 at 01:51:11PM -0500, Sean C. Farley wrote: > I agree that it would be faster for a subset of an existing environ. On > the other hand, in the case of emptying the environment, my method would > be faster since no deallocation, allocation nor setenv() calls would be > called assuming putenv() was not used. I could try a few tests to see > what is faster in which case, but I do not think environ changes happen > often enough to make speed a factor. Well, lets go with that. -- http://ache.pp.ru/ _______________________________________________ freebsd-current_(_at_)_freebsd_(_dot_)_org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-current To unsubscribe, send any mail to "freebsd-current-unsubscribe_(_at_)_freebsd_(_dot_)_org"


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|Phone Number
|Clinical Office Address
|(801) 213-8846
|Madsen Health Center
555 Foothill Blvd
Salt Lake City, UT 84112
|(801) 213-8845
|Sugar House Health Center
1138 Wilmington Ave
Salt Lake City, UT 84106
Dr. Fortenberry provides clinical consultations and brief psychotherapy for adult patients in the Madsen and Sugarhouse Family Medicine clinics. Her areas of expertise include anxiety, depression, and adjustment to chronic health conditions. She uses a primarily cognitive-behavioral approach to treatment, with interpersonal emphasis.
Board Certification and Academic Information
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text:
FDA approves less-invasive heart defibrillator
New device uses wires that sit just below skin's surface and do not need to be threaded through heart's blood vessels
The Associated Press
WASHINGTON — The Food and Drug Administration says it has approved a first-of-a-kind heart-zapping implant from Boston Scientific that that does not directly touch the heart.
Implantable defibrillators use thin wires to send electrical signals that disrupt dangerous heart rhythms. Surgeons have traditionally connected the wires to the heart through a blood vessel in the upper chest.
The new device from Boston Scientific uses wires that sit just below the skin's surface and do not need to be threaded through the heart's blood vessels.
Copyright 2015 Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.
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text:
When the Franco boys go home for the holidays, it's a full house. After all, there's three of them: Golden Globe-nominated James, 32, Charlie St. Cloud star Dave, 25, and brother, Tom, a sculptor. Then, of course, throw six cats into the mix!
"Over the holidays, I brought my two cats home and my mom has two cats and James brought his two cats Sammy and Zelda home, so we had six cats in one house, which we found out is actually illegal," jokes Dave, who currently stars with Zac Efron in Charlie St. Cloud, out July 30. "So if the Franco family wasn't weird enough, add six cats on top of that."
Felines have always played a prominent role in the Franco household, and even became the subject of a few of the brothers' cult-favorite videos on funnyordie.com. "We're definitely a cat family," he says proudly.
With his memorable roles in Superbad and a regular gig on TV's Scrubs, Dave been making a name for himself in Hollywood, with very little help from his superstar older brother. "As much as I love and respect my brother, I want to separate myself from him," Dave explains. "I don't want to be James Franco's little brother for the rest of my life."
Dave is definitely becoming known for other things as well. "I'm the weird cat guy, for sure," says Dave. "I do love my cats, Harry and Arturo. I guess I realized that I'm the weird cat guy when I don't see someone for awhile and the first thing they ask me, is, 'How've you been?' And then literally the second question is always, 'How are your cats?' That's not normal."
So what's the family method for preventing, well, catfights? "We had to put each set of cats in different rooms and give them turns at having free reign at the house," he says of that memorable holiday last year. So much for avoiding sibling rivalry!
Read more about Dave Franco in the new issue of PEOPLE, on stands now.
See more celebrity cats on PEOPLEPets.com:
Beth Ostrosky and Howard Stern Adopt Special-Needs Cat
EXCLUSIVE! Battlestar Galactica's Number Six Has Six Cats!
Who Knew? The Franco Brothers Are Cat Guys!
Chance Yeh/Sipa


text:
Hold down Control (PC) or Command (Mac) key + mouseclick to select more than one option
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Posted by Anonymous on 02/13/2013
Great food but elitist, rude service. I go almost weekly, and food is always great, and the service always sucks. It's a shame.
Posted by cassandra on 09/19/2011
I work in a restaurant. I do not usually review at all. But the service here was absolutely awful. We came here on a Monday night at 6 PM (no one else even came in until 8) and were treated terribly. Sat at the bar with the rudest bartender ever. Acted like we were putting him out for even being there. Were checking the place out to bring a larger party in later in the week. Will never go there again.
Posted by Anonymous on 03/23/2011
I have been to Black Market a couple of times now. Both times, the place exceeded my expectations. Food is delicious (especially the hamburgers, but also the salads), drinks are original and well executed, service is perfect (attentive, but unobtrusive), the venue is spotlessly clean, and the prices are fair. What more can one ask for? Will go back there again for sure.
Posted by npg on 02/14/2011
Really, really good burger. One of the top burgers I've had in City. Interesting cocktail menu as well.
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vegetable burger is amazing. its like a fish filet but better. potato bun with tartar sauce and fried egglplant. delicious. also, burgers, special night nachos, and grilled cheese, all accompanied by delicious french fries.


text:
TAKE 5: Reverend reflects on civil rights struggle
This week, we Take 5 with the Rev. Aaron Johnson, who's served as an advisor on race relations and civil rights for three North Carolina governors, as well as President Ronald Reagan. The Rev. Johnson, 80, served as pastor of Mt. Sinai Missionary Baptist Church in Fayetteville for 45 years and will be speaking about his life and career at 1 p.m. today at Turner's Chapel, located at 1344 Colon Road in Sanford as part of the Carolina Cohort of the Centurions Program, an intensive study program of the Chuck Colson Center for Christian Worldview.
Johnson, who served as North Carolina's first black Secretary of Corrections in the administration of Gov. Jim Martin, and his wife, Mattie, have two children and one grandchild and live in Fayetteville.
You were born the son of a sharecropper. What was life like for you growing up in N.C. at that time, and where did the spark that led you to work so diligently for the cause of civil rights begin?
I was born in 1933 during the Great Depression in a little farming community in Willard. Willard was deeply segregated by the races, and whites and blacks did not mix because of Jim Crow.
Just about the only job a black man could get was sharecropping. White farmers owned the land, and the blacks provided the labor. The farmer owned the equipment, and the blacks bought the seed for planting. Of course, he had to buy the seed with a loan from the white farmer. When the crops were sold, the profits were to be equally divided. But in reality, the farmer took two-thirds of the profits — leaving very little for the blacks. Sharecropping was a step above slavery.
Back then, our schools were separate and unequal. Broken-down school buses were all we were given, and even though our books were worn hand-me-downs, we learned what was in them. We did not want to be left so far behind in our learning that we couldn't catch up when the time came. If any of our parents protested this inequity, the Ku Klux Klan threatened them. We took the KKK seriously, especially after Klan members lynched one of our neighbors not far from our house.
My journey toward civil rights began with the value system of my parents. They taught their children to have good manners, to be respectful, decent and clean, to study hard, attend school, have hope and strive to be the best you could be. We were also taught that segregation and unequal treatment was wrong, unjust and against Christianity. We were taught to be Christians, to love God and our fellow man.
It was my mother who taught me about the role I should take in life, and that was the path of love. She also meant for me to love those who hated me, including the KKK. Primarily, I grew up believing that I was called to be one of those in my generation who would work to overthrow Jim Crow. I grew up with all the intentions to change it.
You've spent more than 50 years working for social justice and civil rights, working with everyone from the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. to North Carolina governors. As you look back, where have we moved forward in regard to social justice, and where have we not?
I entered college at Shaw University in 1952. In my senior year, I met Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. He held his earliest civil disobedience, non-violence protest workshops on the Shaw campus. I was deeply inspired and touched by what he taught. He preached that when we practiced and used the power of love, we could bring about change. He emphasized that love was the most powerful tool we had to bring down Jim Crow. He spoke about the "Beloved Community."
From those workshops, I was trained and given direction as to how I could work with other individuals of all races for social justice. That work is still in play today; it has just been given different names now. Each generation has its own fights and causes. If we stop fighting for injustice for all races, we will lose our way and find ourselves back where we started. But hate and bitterness should never enter the equation.
Your autobiography, "Man from Macedonia," contains a forward written by the late Chuck Colson. Your lecture today is sponsored in part by Colson's Center for Christian Worldview, but most people know Colson from his Prison Fellowship ministry. You worked as the state's corrections secretary, and you've also been involved in prison ministry … what takeaways can you share from your work with those in our state's prison population?
In 1985, Gov. Jim Martin began his first term and appointed me as the first African-American to hold the cabinet of Secretary of the Department of Corrections. He was Christian man. He said to me, "I want someone to be my corrections secretary who is compassionate and will bring a degree of fresh air into our prison system, and who will have a heart to rehabilitate inmates. And you are my choice." We both agreed we would work to make the North Carolina prison system not only constitutional, but humane.
During my term as corrections secretary, I had the privilege to meet the late Charles Colson. I invited him into all 95 of North Carolina's prisons. That invitation helped form what became Prison Fellowship and Operation Starting Line. We became close friends as this groundbreaking program eventually brought the revival spirit to prisons in more than 25 states and grew to include more than 40 ministries.
My advice to those working in our criminal justice system/prison system today is to make sure that the prison is operating constitutionally. Humane treatment is a must. Although it is hard to achieve, the goal should be inmate rehabilitation. Change a man's heart, and you will change the man. And they should do everything they can to create an environment where these changes can take place. We should do away with the idea of "lock 'em up, and throw away the keys."
What advice would you give people who want to be "change agents" — like you have been — in today's world?
First, get proper training. Second, find the occupation you want to work in. Third, learn to work within that organization to bring about change. And fourth, be willing to sacrifice if you have to, and be ready to step out of their comfort zone to make it happen. In order to make a difference, you sometimes have to pay the cost.
What's going to be the focus of your lecture?
I will emphasize my journey into civil rights and highlight my work in the prisons to bring about humane changes. I will encourage those in attendance that everyone has a story to be told that we can all learn from. Sharing those stories helps make this world a better place. My story is your story, and your story is my story.


text:
Systems and method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention can includes an implant comprising a spacer and a frame having a central body and a helical shaped wing extending from the central body. The frame can be positioned near about adjacent spinous processes, and can be rotated and urged so that the adjacent spinous processes pass within a groove of the wing, thereby allowing the wing to be arranged on an opposite side of the adjacent spinous processes. The spacer can then be arranged over the frame so that the spacer contacts and distracts the spinous processes, thereby limiting relative movement of the adjacent spinous processes during extension.
1. An interspinous implant adapted to be inserted between spinous processes, the implant comprising:
a frame including:
a central body having a first end and a second end;
a first wing extending from the second end; the first wing including a first slot and a second slot;
a second wing extending from the first end; wherein the second wing is approximately thread-shaped;
a spacer adapted to be associated with the frame such that the spacer is received over at least a portion of the central body; the spacer includes a first portion adapted to be received over the central body through the first slot and a second portion adapted to be received over the central body through the second slot.
2. The implant of
3. The implant of
4. The implant of
5. The implant of
6. The implant of
7. The implant of
wherein the central body has a longitudinal axis extending between the first end and the second end;
wherein the first wing is larger in a dimension perpendicular to the longitudinal axis than the spacer;
wherein the first end comprises a tapered distraction guide that narrowingly tapers away from the second end.
8. The implant of
9. The implant of
10. The implant of
11. The implant of
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/663,922 entitled INTERSPINOUS PROCESS IMPLANT HAVING A THREAD-SHAPED WING AND METHOD OF IMPLANTATION, by Zucherman et al., filed Mar. 21, 2005.
This U.S. Patent Application incorporates by reference all of the following co-pending applications and issued patents:
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/850,267, entitled "Distractible Interspinous Process Implant and Method of Implantation," filed May 20, 2004;
U.S. Pat. No. 6,419,676, entitled "Spine Distraction Implant and Method," issued Jul. 16, 2002 to Zucherman, et al.;
U.S. Pat. No. 6,451,019, entitled "Supplemental Spine Fixation Device and Method," issued Sep. 17, 2002 to Zucherman, et al.;
U.S. Pat. No. 6,582,433, entitled "Spine Fixation Device and Method," issued Jun. 24, 2003 to Yun;
U.S. Pat. No. 6,652,527, entitled "Supplemental Spine Fixation Device and Method," issued Nov. 25, 2003 to Zucherman, et al;
U.S. Pat. No. 6,695,842, entitled "Interspinous Process Distraction System and Method with Positionable Wing and Method," issued Feb. 24, 2004 to Zucherman, et al;
U.S. Pat. No. 6,699,246, entitled "Spine Distraction Implant," issued Mar. 2, 2004 to Zucherman, et al; and
U.S. Pat. No. 6,712,819, entitled "Mating Insertion Instruments for Spinal Implants and Methods of Use," issued Mar. 30, 2004 to Zucherman, et al.
This invention relates to interspinous process implants.
The spinal column is a bio-mechanical structure composed primarily of ligaments, muscles, vertebrae and intervertebral disks. The bio-mechanical functions of the spine include: (1) support of the body, which involves the transfer of the weight and the bending movements of the head, trunk and arms to the pelvis and legs, (2) complex physiological motion between these parts, and (3) protection of the spinal cord and the nerve roots.
As the present society ages, it is anticipated that there will be an increase in adverse spinal conditions which are characteristic of older people. By way of example only, with aging comes an increase in spinal stenosis (including, but not limited to, central canal and lateral stenosis), and facet arthropathy. Spinal stenosis results in a reduction foraminal area (i.e., the available space for the passage of nerves and blood vessels) which compresses the cervical nerve roots and causes radicular pain. Humpreys, S. C. et al., Flexion and traction effect on C5-C6 foraminal space, Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil., vol. 79 at 1105 (September 1998). Another symptom of spinal stenosis is myelopathy, which results in neck pain and muscle weakness. Id. Extension and ipsilateral rotation of the neck further reduces the foraminal area and contributes to pain, nerve root compression and neural injury. Id.; Yoo, J. U. et al., Effect of cervical spine motion on the neuroforaminal dimensions of human cervical spine, Spine, vol. 17 at 1131 (Nov. 10, 1992). In contrast, neck flexion increases the foraminal area. Humpreys, S. C. et al., at 1105.
Pain associated with stenosis can be relieved by medication and/or surgery. It is desirable to eliminate the need for major surgery for all individuals, and in particular, for the elderly.
Accordingly, a need exists to develop spine implants that alleviate pain caused by spinal stenosis and other such conditions caused by damage to, or degeneration of, the spine. Such implants would distract, or increase the space between, the vertebrae to increase the foraminal area and reduce pressure on the nerves and blood vessels of the spine.
A further need exists for development of a minimally invasive surgical implantation method for spine implants that preserves the physiology of the spine.
Further, a need exists for an implant that accommodates the distinct anatomical structures of the spine, minimizes further trauma to the spine, and obviates the need for invasive methods of surgical implantation. Additionally, a need exists to address adverse spinal conditions that are exacerbated by spinal extension and/or flexion.
Interspinous Implants
As can be seen, the spacer 120 can be teardrop-shaped in cross-section perpendicular to a longitudinal axis 125 of the implant 100. In this way, the shape of the spacer 120 can roughly conform to a wedge-shaped space, or a portion of the space, between adjacent spinous processes within which the implant 100 is to be positioned. As shown in
The first wing 130 is likewise teardrop-shaped in cross-section perpendicular to a longitudinal axis 125 of the spacer 120 and distraction guide 110. The dimensions of the first wing 130 can be larger than that of the spacer 120, particularly along the axis of the spine, and can limit or block lateral displacement of the implant 100 in the direction of insertion along the longitudinal axis 125. As with the spacer 120, the first wing 130 can have other cross-sectional shapes, such as elliptical, wedge, circular, oval, ovoid, football, and rectangular with rounded corners and other shapes.
The implant 100 of
Alternatively, various fasteners can be used to secure the second wing 160 relative to the remainder of the implant 100. For example,
The distraction guide 210 includes a tip from which the distraction guide 210 expands, the tip having a diameter sufficiently small such that the tip can pierce an opening in an interspinous ligament and/or can be inserted into a small initial dilated opening. The diameter and/or cross-sectional area of the distraction guide 210 gradually increases until it is substantially similar to the diameter of the spacer 220. The tapered front end eases the ability of a physician to urge the implant 200 between adjacent spinous processes. When urging the main body of the implant 200 between adjacent spinous processes, the front end of the distraction guide 210 distracts the adjacent spinous processes and dilates the interspinous ligament so that a space between the adjacent spinous processes is approximately the diameter of the spacer 220.
As shown in
The first wing 230 has a lower portion 231 and an upper portion 232. The upper portion 232 is shaped to accommodate the anatomical form or contour of spinous processes (and/or laminae) of the L4 (for an L4-L5 placement) or L5 (for an L5-S1 placement) vertebra. The same shape or variations of this shape can be used to accommodate other motion segments, such as motion segments in the cervical and thoracic regions. The lower portion 231 can also be rounded to accommodate the spinous processes. The lower portion 231 and upper portion 232 of the first wing 230 act as a stop mechanism when the implant 200 is inserted between adjacent spinous processes. The implant 200 cannot be inserted beyond the surfaces of the first wing 230. Additionally, once the implant 200 is inserted, the first wing 230 can prevent some side-to-side, or posterior-to-anterior movement of the implant 200.
As with the implant 100 of
For both the implant 100 of
Implants Having a Lead-In Screw
Referring to
A substantially thread-shaped lead-in screw (also referred to herein as a second wing) 360 extends from the periphery of the central body 304 distally located relative to the distraction guide 306. For example, the second wing can be helical shaped, wherein a helical shape is generally a three-dimensional curve that lies on a cylinder or a cone, so that its angle to a plane perpendicular to the axis is constant. Helical shapes as described herein need not lie along a constant angle, but rather can lie along an angle that varies. A helical shape need only include a curve that has a gap 361 (also referred to herein as a groove) between overlapping surfaces such that structures related to the adjacent spinous processes and the spinous processes can pass within the groove 361. It is to be understood that a lead-in screw shape other than helical is within the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, a shape with a constant diameter thread, or with different or constant thread pitches can be used. Generally and preferably the second wing 360 can have an outer diameter that steadily increases from near the proximal end of the central body 304 distally toward the first wing 330. The second wing 360 terminates so that a spacer 320 (
Implantation can be accomplished in such embodiments as described above by initially piercing or distracting the interspinous ligament 6 with the distraction guide 306, and subsequently rotating the central body 304. One or both of the interspinous ligament 6 and the adjacent spinous processes 2,4 slip within the groove 361 of the helically shaped second wing 360 as the central body 304 is rotated and the central body 304 is drawn or urged along the longitudinal axis 325 in the direction of insertion. The interspinous ligament 6 and/or associated spinous processes 2,4 travels along the groove 361 and therefore along the central body 304, causing the second wing 360 to be positioned, when the implant 300 is seated, at an opposite side of the interspinous ligament 6 from the first wing 330 such that the interspinous ligament 6 is disposed between the first wing 330 and the second wing 360 along the longitudinal axis 325. Arranging the interspinous ligament 6, and/or the associated spinous processes 2,4 between the first wing 330 and the second wing 360 limits or blocks movement along the longitudinal axis 325.
In some embodiments, the distraction guide 306 can have a generally conical shape, rather than a wedge-shape as described above in reference to
Referring to
The first wing 330 can include one or more slots to receive a spacer 320 so that the spacer 320 can be arranged over the central body 304 between the second wing 360 and the first wing 330. As shown, the first wing 330 includes two slots 332,334 having a substantially arced shape, and arranged in opposition to one another. The maximum distance between the peripheries of the slots 332,334 can substantially define a minor (or alternatively a major) dimension of the spacer 320. The slots 332,334 preferably have inner surfaces that transition to the outer surface of the central body 304, so that when a spacer 320 is urged through the slots 332,334, the spacer 320 abuts the central body 304, thereby allowing a portion of a load to be transferred to the central body 304. In other embodiments, one or more slots can be disposed through the first wing 330 and can be shaped as desired, such that the one or more slots having the same or different geometries.
As can be seen, the top portion 322 and the bottom portion 324 include respective lead-in tissue expanders 321,323 (also referred to herein as a distraction guides). The distraction guide 321,323 for the top portion 322 and the bottom portion 324 can taper at the proximal end of the spacer 320, thereby allowing the distraction guide 306 to distract one or both of the adjacent spinous processes 2,4 and/or interspinous ligament 6.
As can be seen, the top portion 322 and the bottom portion 324, taken together in cross-section perpendicular to a longitudinal axis 325, can have a split teardrop shape, similar to a cross-section of the spacer 120 of
The top portion 322 and the bottom portion 324 extend from a base 326 and are fixed in relative position by the base 326. As can be seen, the bottom portion 324 extends farther than the top portion 322. As will be described in further detail below, the top portion 322 is truncated in length along the longitudinal axis 325 relative to the bottom portion 324 to avoid contacting the second wing 360 which in the embodiment shown in
Referring to
As can further be seen, the base 326 can include a cavity 329 that in an embodiment is a bore having a diameter larger than a diameter of a corresponding cavity 309 of the first wing 330. Such a feature can be receive an insertion tool (not shown) for assisting in implantation, or such a feature can receive a fastener (not shown), such as a screw or bolt to secure the spacer 320 to the frame 302. A bore 329 having a larger diameter than the cavity 309 of the frame 302 can allow a head of the fastener to be received so that the head does not extend beyond a distal face of the base 326. In other embodiments, the base 326 can include one or more additional cavities for receiving lock pins, or other features of an insertion tool (not shown), for example as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,712,819, entitled "Mating Insertion Instruments for Spinal Implants and Methods of Use," issued Mar. 30, 2004 to Zucherman, et al.
Referring now to
As above, the spacer 420 can have a cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 425 that is teardrop-shaped, similar to a cross-section of the spacer 120,320 of
The spacer 420 of
The first wing 430 can have a depth along the longitudinal axis 425 as desired, and a width such that the first wing 430 can contact one or both of the adjacent spinous processes 2,4, thereby limiting or blocking moving of the implant 400 in the direction of insertion along the longitudinal axis 425. As shown, the first wing 430 has a rounded shape, having substantially the same minor and major dimension. Unlike the embodiment of the implant 300 of
In some embodiments of systems including implants 300,400 similar to those shown in
As mentioned above, implants, and systems and methods for positioning such implants between spinous processes in accordance with the present invention are not meant to be limited to embodiments as described above and otherwise herein, but rather are meant to include all such implants that utilize a wing having a major dimension larger than a major dimension of a space between spinous processes, wherein the wing can be appropriately positioned by rotating the implant while urging the implant in a direction of insertion. Myriad different variations may be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art. For example, as shown in
In such embodiments as shown in
As shown in
In still further embodiments, the spacer need not be fixed, but rather can be rotatably disposed over the central body. For example, the spacer can include an alignment notch, as described above with reference to
Materials for Use in Implants of the Present Invention
In some embodiments, the implant, and components of the implant (i.e., the spacer, the frame) can be fabricated from medical grade metals such as titanium, stainless steel, cobalt chrome, and alloys thereof, or other suitable implant material having similar high strength and biocompatible properties. Additionally, the implant can be at least partially fabricated from a shape memory metal, for example Nitinol, which is a combination of titanium and nickel. Such materials are typically radiopaque, and appear during x-ray imaging, and other types of imaging. Implants in accordance with the present invention, and/or portions thereof can also be fabricated from somewhat flexible and/or deflectable material. In these embodiments, the implant and/or portions thereof can be fabricated in whole or in part from medical grade biocompatible polymers, copolymers, blends, and composites of polymers. A copolymer is a polymer derived from more than one species of monomer. A polymer composite is a heterogeneous combination of two or more materials, wherein the constituents are not miscible, and therefore exhibit an interface between one another. A polymer blend is a macroscopically homogeneous mixture oftwo or more different species ofpolymer. Many polymers, copolymers, blends, and composites of polymers are radiolucent and do not appear during x-ray or other types of imaging. Implants comprising such materials can provide a physician with a less obstructed view of the spine under imaging, than with an implant comprising radiopaque materials entirely. However, the implant need not comprise any radiolucent materials.
One group of biocompatible polymers is the polyaryletherketone group which has several members including polyetheretherketone (PEEK), and polyetherketoneketone (PEKK). PEEK is proven as a durable material for implants, and meets the criterion of biocompatibility. Medical grade PEEK is available from Victrex Corporation of Lancashire, Great Britain under the product name PEEK-OPTIMA. Medical grade PEKK is available from Oxford Performance Materials under the name OXPEKK, and also from CoorsTek under the name BioPEKK. These medical grade materials are also available as reinforced polymer resins, such reinforced resins displaying even greater material strength. In an embodiment, the implant can be fabricated from PEEK 450G, which is an unfilled PEEK approved for medical implantation available from Victrex. Other sources of this material include Gharda located in Panoli, India. PEEK 450G has the following approximate
It should be noted that the material selected can also be filled. Fillers can be added to a polymer, copolymer, polymer blend, or polymer composite to reinforce a polymeric material. Fillers are added to modify properties such as mechanical, optical, and thermal properties. For example, carbon fibers can be added to reinforce polymers mechanically to enhance strength for certain uses, such as for load bearing devices. In some embodiments, other grades of PEEK are available and contemplated for use in implants in accordance with the present invention, such as 30% glass-filled or 30% carbon-filled grades, provided such materials are cleared for use in implantable devices by the FDA, or other regulatory body. Glass-filled PEEK reduces the expansion rate and increases the flexural modulus of PEEK relative to unfilled PEEK. The resulting product is known to be ideal for improved strength, stiffness, or stability. Carbon-filled PEEK is known to have enhanced compressive strength and stiffness, and a lower expansion rate relative to unfilled PEEK. Carbon-filled PEEK also offers wear resistance and load carrying capability.
As will be appreciated, other suitable similarly biocompatible thermoplastic or thermoplastic polycondensate materials that resist fatigue, have good memory, are flexible, and/or deflectable, have very low moisture absorption, and good wear and/or abrasion resistance, can be used without departing from the scope of the invention. As mentioned, the implant can be comprised of polyetherketoneketone (PEKK). Other material that can be used include polyetherketone (PEK), polyetherketoneetherketoneketone (PEKEKK), polyetheretherketoneketone (PEEKK), and generally a polyaryletheretherketone. Further, other polyketones can be used as well as other thermoplastics. Reference to appropriate polymers that can be used in the implant can be made to the following documents, all of which are incorporated herein by reference. These documents include: PCT Publication WO 02/02158 A1, dated Jan. 10, 2002, entitled "Bio-Compatible Polymeric Materials;" PCT Publication WO 02/00275 A1, dated Jan. 3, 2002, entitled "Bio-Compatible Polymeric Materials;" and, PCT Publication WO 02/00270 A1, dated Jan. 3, 2002, entitled "Bio-Compatible Polymeric Materials." Other materials such as Bionate®, polycarbonate urethane, available from the Polymer Technology Group, Berkeley, Calif., may also be appropriate because of the good oxidative stability, biocompatibility, mechanical strength and abrasion resistance. Other thermoplastic materials and other high molecular weight polymers can be used.
Methods for Implanting Interspinous Implants
A minimally invasive surgical method for implanting an implant 300 in the cervical spine is disclosed and taught herein. In this method, as shown in
The frame 302 can be further rotated until slots 332,334 of the first wing 330 are arranged as desired between the adjacent spinous processes 2,4 of the targeted motion segment. Once the frame 302 is satisfactorily positioned, a spacer 320 can be mated with the frame 302 so that an upper portion 322 and a lower portion 324 of the spacer 320 is received through the respective slot 332,334 of the first wing 330 (or simply received over the central body 304 for example where the first wing 330 extends from the spacer 320 rather than extending form the central body 304). The spacer 320 can be inserted along a line that is generally colinear with the line over which the frame 302 is inserted. The anatomy of the neck is such that it is most convenient and minimally invasive to enter the neck from the side with respect to the frame 302 and the spacer 320.
Further, a minimally invasive surgical method for implanting an implant 300 in the lumbar spine is disclosed and taught herein. In this method, as shown in the flowchart of
Once the distraction tool has been removed from the incision, the frame 302 can be positioned at the dilated opening, and the distraction guide 306 of the frame 302 can be urged through the dilated opening (Step 106). As above, the frame 302 can be arranged so that the second wing 360 extending from the central body 304 is in near contact with the interspinous ligament 6. The frame 302 is then rotated in direction so that the spiraling extension of the second wing 360 "grows", and the frame 302 urged forward such that the adjacent spinous processes 2,4 fit within a groove between surface of the second wing 360 (Step 108). The frame 302 is continuously rotated until the second wing 360 has passed the adjacent spinous processes 2,4.
The frame 300 can be further rotated until the slots 332,334 are arranged as desired between the adjacent spinous processes of the targeted motion segment. The frame 302 is free to rotate so that the load can be distributed more evenly over the surface of the spinous processes. Once the frame 302 is satisfactorily positioned, a spacer 320 can be inserted with slots 322,324 of a first wing 330 extending from the distal end of the central body 304 (or simply received over the central body for example where the first wing extends from the spacer). The spacer 320 can be inserted along a line that is generally colinear with the line over which the frame 302 is inserted (Step 110). The remaining tools can be removed from the incision, and the incision can be closed. Preferably during insertion, the distraction end pierces or separates the tissue without severing the tissue (Step 112).
The foregoing description of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to practitioners skilled in this art. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical application, thereby enabling others skilled in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the following claims and their equivalents.
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Posts Tagged «flash drives»
PS4 confirmed to ship with easily replaceable 2.5-inch hard drive October 18, 2013 at 4:26 pm
Early on, Sony made it clear that users would have physical access to the 500GB hard drive in the PS4, but the exact details surrounding the process were slim. Now, we have a hands-on confirmation that anyone with the will and a screwdriver can replace the drive inside of Sony's next console. Too bad a 500GB SSD will cost just about as much as the PS4 itself.
SanDisk Connect USB flash drive wirelessly transfers files between your devices July 22, 2013 at 11:34 am
If you dabble in any form of digital media, you likely have USB drives filling up your desk drawers, a couple sitting on your desk at work, and one in your gym bag just in case. It becomes tedious having to connect, disconnect, then reconnect them to all of your devices just so you can transfer a video to your tablet or phone to watch on your commute each morning, or to your PS3 to watch before bed. With the new SanDisk Connect flash drive, you can wirelessly beam your files between your devices without having to fumble around for a USB port in the dark.


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Discontinued Product
Connect with your Ally
3G Android™-Powered Smartphone, Downloadable Apps, Customizable Widgets
LG Ally (VS740)
- Large 3.2" External Touchscreen
- Social Networking Capabilities
- Multitasking Capability while Listening to Music
- HTML Web Browsing
3G Android™-Powered Smartphone, Downloadable Apps, Customizable Widgets
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- Technology
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- Sleek Slide-Out QWERTY Design
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- Version: 2.1 + EDR (Enhanced Data Rate)
- HTML Web Browsing†
- 1.9 GHz CDMA PCS, 800 MHz CDMA
- EVDO† Rev. A, 1xRTT
- 4.56" (H) x 2.22" (W) x 0.62" (D)
- 5.57 oz.
- 262K Color TFT, 800 x 480 Pixels, 3.2"
LG ElectronicsVS740
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52 of 82(63%)customers said they would recommend this product to a friend.
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Location:Omaha, NE
Would recommend: Yes
I like this phone
Date:October 26, 2011
Best Features: Features/Settings, Quality
"When it came time to upgrade my Verizon cell phone, I chose the LG Ally after a lot of research. It was a good value for all the features it offers. It is a bit complex to use however and quite different from my last LG Voyager phone. I have had the phone for a few months now and still have not tried out all of the features, but those I have used seem to work fine."
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Would recommend: Yes
Despise The Day It Dies
Date:October 14, 2011
"Best Smart Phone I have ever used. Honestly can't tell you how many times I have dropped it, and it still continues to hold up even without protection."
Written by a customer while visiting BestBuy.com
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Date:October 10, 2011
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"This phone is very user friendly, and has many apps to choose from. However, sometimes the reception doesn't seem quite as good as my other LG's I used to own."
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Awesom budget smartphone
Date:October 9, 2011
Best Features: easy to use
"I had this phone while waiting for my other phone to be repaired and this LG was simple to figure out, worked great, and had great features."
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The Android™-Powered LG Ally™ gives you the ability to customize home screens, and switch from surfing the web and emailing to text messaging and updating your social status. Turn-by-turn directions from Google Maps™ and 30,000+ apps in Android Market™, you'll be ready for any adventure today - and a new one tomorrow.
Design, features and specifications subject to change without notice. Screen images simulated and/or dramatized. Some features in videos may not be available on all models. Please refer to the TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS tab for a complete list of features by model.
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By now everybody's seen the blog I Hate Horses and either laughed at the absolute ridiculous-ness of the whole thing or gotten incredibly angry and offended.
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Time to wish everyone a very happy Social Work Month!
Here's a vid with a fellow who's not embarrassed to show his social work spirit. He might not want to quit his day job
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Airliners Gallery World Airline News
This useful information blog couples the latest airline news from our worldwide photographers coupled with media links for full details along with our beautiful and colorful images of world airlines and airliners from our growing digital photo library at AirlinersGallery.com. I have been tracking this fascinating aviation industry since around 1960. I try to bring a historic perspective to each new development.
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AirAsia produces a record $349 million profit in 2010
AirAsia (AirAsia.com) (Malaysia) Airbus A320-214 9M-AFA (msn 2612) TLS, originally uploaded by Airliners Gallery. AirAsia (Kuala Lumpur) continues to make money, despite a challenging environment. The airline group produced a record $349 million profit in 2010. Read the full report from Bloomberg Businessweek: CLICK HERE Interactive route map (routes from Kuala Lumpur): CLICK HERE […] [Read More]