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One aspect of the invention relates to a graft, a surface of which is coated with an amphiphilic block copolymer that includes both hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymer chains. An amphiphilic block copolymer coating according to the invention can serve as a carrier for a very broad range of drugs, possibly including every drug presently used, being considered for use, or likely to be used in the future to inhibit stenosis. The release rates of the drugs can be controlled, for example, through the length of the polymer chains, through their ratio, or through the degree of cross-linking.
1. A flexible vascular graft for connecting to a blood vessel, said vascular graft comprising a flexible wall that forms a passageway for blood flow through the vascular graft, a first drug layer at least partially coated on an inner surface of said flexible wall and an inner layer, said inner layer formed of a porous material designed to promote endothelialization, said first drug layer including at least one drug and a flexible and substantially biologically inert amphiphilic block copolymer, said amphiphilic block copolymer having a structure that controllably releases up to about 90 percent of at least one of said drugs into said inner layer within about thirty days of being connected to the blood vessel, said amphiphilic block copolymer including a network including both hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymer chains that can swell in both hydrophobic and hydrophilic solvents, said at least one drug formulated to inhibit stenosis, vascular narrowing, thrombosis or combinations thereof, and a barrier layer to inhibit release of at least one of said drugs from said first drug layer into said inner layer.
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19. A stent for insertion into a blood vessel, said stent comprising an expandable wall structure that forms a passageway for blood flow through the stent, a first drug layer at least partially coated on said expandable wall structure and an inner layer, said inner layer formed of a porous material designed to promote endothelialization, said first drug layer including at least one drug and a substantially biologically inert amphiphilic block copolymer, said amphiphilic block copolymer having a structure that controllably releases up to about 90 percent of at least one of said drugs into said inner layer within about thirty days of being inserted in the blood vessel, said amphiphilic block copolymer including a network including both hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymer chains that can swell in both hydrophobic and hydrophilic solvents, said amphiphilic block copolymer includes macromolecular mers of polyethylene glycol, poly(isobutylene), and poly(dimethylsiloxane), said at least one drug formulated to inhibit stenosis, vascular narrowing, thrombosis or combinations thereof.
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34. A method for repairing a blood vessel comprising:
a. providing a graft for connection to or insertion into a blood vessel, said graft comprising a wall that forms a passageway for blood flow through the graft, a first drug layer at least partially coated on said wall and an inner layer, said inner layer formed of a porous material designed to promote endothelialization, said first drug layer including at least one drug and a flexible and substantially biologically inert amphiphilic block copolymer, said amphiphilic block copolymer including a network including both hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymer chains that can swell in both hydrophobic and hydrophilic solvents, said amphiphilic block copolymer includes macromolecular mers of polyethylene glycol, poly(isobutylene), and poly(dimethylsiloxane), said at least one drug formulated to inhibit stenosis, vascular narrowing, thrombosis or combinations thereof;
b. connecting said graft to or inserting said graft in the blood vessel; and,
c. controllably releasing up to about 90 Percent of at least one of said drugs into said blood vessel within about thirty days of being connected to or inserted in the blood vessel.
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The present invention relates generally to the field of medicine and more particularly relates to drug coated vascular grafts.
Vascular grafts are medical devices used as an artificial conduit for bodily fluids, usually blood. In hemodialysis, the vascular graft serves as a nonstatic reservoir of blood, where blood is readily accessible to a dialysis machine. The vascular graft serves as a life line, an essential interface between the patient and the dialysis machine. In the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and coronary artery disease, vascular grafts provide an artificial conduit bypassing or replacing diseased blood vessels.
Vascular grafts can be natural or artificial. In coronary artery disease, artificial vascular grafts are rarely used due to a high incidence of thrombosis either within the tubular structure or at the anastamosis site. The current graft material of choice is to use a native blood vessel such as the left internal mammary artery or saphenous vein.
In general, thrombosis is problematic with vascular grafts. Thrombosis or cellular growth is the main cause of stenosis within the internal lumen of the vascular graft. Stenosis can occurs as a result of the body's natural healing mechanism. When a vascular graft is implanted, injury occurs to the arterial or venous system to which the vascular graft is sutured and or attached. The vascular graft is also a foreign body. Through a complex process, smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells etc. migrate onto the internal lumen of the graft. As the smooth muscle cells proliferate, they form a neointimal hyperplasia. Over time the neointimal hyperplasia progresses, causing a reduction in the internal diameter of the internal lumen. Stenosis can also be caused by vascular narrowing.
There have been many attempts to inhibit stenosis and thrombosis. Anticoagulants such as heparin have been tried with little success. Antimicrotubule agents such as paclictaxel and docetaxel are known to inhibit mitosis and hence cellular proliferation. Antiproliferative agents such as cyclophosphamide, mithromycin, and actinomycin-D are known to prevent proliferation of smooth muscle cells. Sirolimus, cyclosporine A, dexamethasone and methyl prednisolone are immunosuppressive agents that have been shown to prevent or retard neointimal hyperplasia.
While drugs can significantly inhibit or prevent the occurrence of stenosis and thrombosis, the continued need for the drugs after a graft has been installed can require the patient to remain in a hospital for extended periods of time. It would be advantageous if these drugs could be released from a biocompatible polymer coating within a graft.
At present, there are many biocompatible polymers. For example, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is a water soluble polymer showing excellent biocompatibility and has been frequently used in biomedical applications. Similarly, polysiloxanes are widely used in the biomedical field and have been the subject of intense study both in the academic field as well as in industry.
Amphiphilic polymer networks have also been identified as potentially useful biomaterials. Amphiphilic polymer networks are co-continuous assemblages of hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymer chains that are able to swell in both hydrophilic solvents (e.g., water) and hydrophobic solvents (e.g., a liquid hydrocarbon). Because these materials swell in water, they generally fall into a class of compounds known as "hydrogels".
The first amphiphilic membranes for biomaterials were developed over a decade ago. These were networks of hydrophilic polymers with the hydrophobic crosslinking agent, di-methacryl-telechelic polyisobutylene (MA-PIB-MA). Synthesis was accomplished by living carbocationic polymerization, which involves the free radical copolymerization and can use a variety of inexpensive, commercially available monomers, for example, N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and dimethyl acrylamide.
Kennedy, U.S. Pat. No. 4,486,572 discloses the synthesis of styryl-telechelic polyisobutylene and amphiphilic networks comprising the copolymerization product of the styryl-telechelic polyisobutylene with vinyl acetate or N-vinyl-2-pyrollidone. Kennedy, U.S. Pat. No. 4,942,204 discloses an amphiphilic copolymer network swellable in both water and n-heptane but insoluble in either, comprising the reaction product of an acrylate or methacrylate of a dialkylaminoalkyl with a hydrophobic bifunctional acryloyl or methacryloyl capped polyolefin. The preferred embodiment disclosed is an amphiphilic network having been synthesized by the free-radical copolymerization of a linear hydrophobic acrylate (A-PIB-A) or methacrylate capped polyisobutylene (MA-PIB-MA) with 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA). In a continuation-in-part to U.S. Pat. No. 4,942,204, Ivan et al. U.S. Pat. No. 5,073,381 discloses various amphiphilic copolymer networks that are swellable in water and n-heptane that comprise the reaction product of a hydrophobic linear acryloyl- or methacryloyl-capped polyolefin and a hydrophilic polyacrylate or polymethacrylate, such as N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAAm) and 2-hydroxyethylmethyl methacrylate (HEMA).
Hirt, U.S. Pat. No. 5,807,944 discloses a copolymer of controlled morphology comprising at least one oxygen permeable polymer segment and at least one ion permeable polymer segment, wherein the oxygen permeable segments and the ion permeable segments are linked together through a non-hydrolysable bond. The oxygen-permeable polymer segments are selected from polysiloxanes, perfluoroalkyl ethers, polysulfones, and other unsaturated polymers. The ion permeable polymers are selected from cyclic imino ethers, vinyl ethers, cyclic ethers, including epoxides, cyclic unsaturated ethers, N-substituted aziridines, beta-lactones, beta-lactanes, ketene acetates, vinyl acetates and phosphoranes.
U.S. application Ser. No. 09/433,660 discloses an amphiphilic network comprising the reaction product of hydrophobic crosslinking agents and hydrophilic monomers wherein the hydrophobic crosslinking agents are telechelic three-arm polyisobutylenes having acrylate or methacrylate end caps and wherein the hydrophilic monomers are acrylate or methacrylate derivatives.
The following presents a simplified summary in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the invention. This summary is not an extensive overview of the invention. It is intended neither to identify key or critical elements of the invention nor to delineate the scope of the invention. Rather, the primary purpose of this summary is to present some concepts of the invention in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
One aspect of the invention relates to a graft, a surface of which is coated with an amphiphilic block copolymer that includes both hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymer chains. An amphiphilic block copolymer coating according to the invention can be used to control the porosity of a graft and can itself be relatively inert biologically. The polymer coating can be flexible and stable under manipulation of the graft, including suturing. Significantly, the coating can serve as a carrier for a very broad range of drugs, possibly including every drug presently used, being considered for use, or likely to be used in the future to inhibit stenosis or thrombosis. The release rates of the drugs can be controlled, for example, through the length of the polymer chains, their ratio, or their degree of crosslinking.
Another aspect of the invention relates to a graft, a surface of which is coated with collagen containing a drug selected from the group consisting of stem cells, antibodies, genetic materials, and lymphokines. Collagen exhibits many desirable properties for carrying these types of drugs on a graft.
Other aspects of the invention relate to manufacturing amphiphilic block copolymer coated grafts. One of these aspects relates to polymerizing a solution containing monomers and a drug. Another of these aspects is a method of increasing the loading of a drug in an amphiphilic block copolymer through multiple cycles of swelling the polymer with a solvent drug solution, evaporating at least some of the solvent between cycles.
Grafts according to the invention are useful in treating vascular disease, including disease affecting small vessels and disease affecting coronary arteries. The delivery of drugs according to the invention can substantially reduce stenosis and thrombosis rates. In some instances, the effects of these treatments can be enhanced by oral administration of the drugs.
A further aspect of the invention relates to treatments wherein microparticles, especially microparticles of amphiphilic block copolymers, are used as carriers for drugs. The microparticles can be dispersed in a coating, such as a hydrogel, covering a surface of the graft.
To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the following description and annexed drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative aspects and implementations of the invention. These are indicative of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of the invention may be employed. Other aspects, advantages and novel features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the drawings.
An exemplary graft according to the invention includes a wall forming a lumen, an amphiphilic block copolymer coating a surface of the wall, and a drug carried by the polymer. The drug is of a type and is provided in an effective amount to significantly inhibit one or more of stenosis, vascular narrowing, and thrombosis. For purposes of this disclosure, stenosis encompasses vascular narrowing and restenosis and to inhibit means to slow the rate or reduce the occurrence of.
A graft of the present invention provides a versatile platform for on-graft drug delivery. The amphiphilic block copolymer can be stable and flexible, whereby it retains its integrity during and after installation. The polymer can have a high degree of bio- and hemo-compatibility and can carry virtually any drug that might be of interest in connection with grafts, including virtually any drug that is potentially useful in preventing graft stenosis or thrombosis. Release rates can be controlled as needed through variations in composition, loading, layering, and/or cross-linking.
While other graft/polymer combinations might have the features required for controlled release coatings of particular drugs on grafts, grafts according to the present invention have a significant advantage in versatility. Versatility is important in view of the need to conduct extensive testing prior to introducing any new material into the human body. A graft according to the present invention can easily, and with minimal testing, be adapted to implement advances in graft design and stenosis or thrombosis-preventing drug treatments.
The wall of the graft is generally in the shape of a simple tube, but can be of more complex shape as in a graft that repairs or replaces a branching vessel. Grafts having lumens with diameters of about 6 mm or greater are considered large. Grafts having lumens with diameters of about 5 mm or less are considered small. Typically, the graft is designed so that its open ends can be sutured to blood vessels in a living organism. A preferred graft is therefore stable under the physical manipulation involved in suturing.
The wall is typically made of a flexible fabric, although comparatively rigid materials, including metals and polymers, can also be used. Fabrics can be woven, knitted, braided, or nonwoven. Examples of fabrics include, polyester (PET), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (often expanded) (including Teflon and Dacron), and polyurethanes (including Lycra, Pellethane, and Biomer). Metals include stainless steel, zirconium, tantalum, titanium, tungsten, gold, platium, iridium, rhodium, nitinol, alloys thereof, and alloys of cobalt, nickel, chromium and molybdenum.
When the graft is made from a polymer, the polymer can be biostable or bioerodible. Examples of suitable biostable polymers include polyurethanes, polysilicones, poly(meth)acrylates, polyesters, polyalkyl oxides, polyvinyl alcohols, polyalkylene glycols and polyvinyl pyrrolidone. Examples of suitable bioerodible polymers include polymers of aliphatic polyesters, poly(amino acids), copoly(ether-esters), polyalkylenes oxalates, polyamides, poly(iminocarbonates), polyorthoesters, polyoxaesters, polyamidoesters, polyoxaesters containing amido groups, poly(anhydrides), polyphosphazenes, biomolecules and blends thereof.
The wall may be supported by a stent, especially when the wall is a fabric. A stent is a stiff yet flexible generally tubular structure. Typically, a stent can be enlarged under the pressure of an angioplasty balloon from a first diameter to a second diameter. Preferably the enlargement in diameter occurs with little or no axial lengthening. Once enlarged, the stent resists shrinkage. An expandable stent can have any suitable structure. Examples include frameworks of struts, slotted tubes, coiled helical wires, coiled sheets, and heat-expandable tubes. The stent can be formed by a process that includes a microelectromechanical machining process. The stent may include a ratcheting mechanism to prevent contraction following expansion. The ratcheting mechanism can include teeth or other indentations. The microelectromechanical machining process can be used to form the teeth or other indentations that are part of the ratcheting mechanism. A stent is generally made of a metal, preferably stainless steel, but it can also be formed of a polymer, either biostable or bioerodable.
The graft, and any assoicated stent, may be provided with a biocompatible coating. Generally, an amphiphilic block copolymer coating will provide biocompatibility, but in some cases, for example where the amphiphilic polymer does not cover the entire surface, has slight instability, or has very large pores, it may be desireable to provide biocompatible coating beneath the amphiphilic block copolymer coating.
Any suitable biocompatible coating can be used. In one embodiment, the biocompatible coating includes a metal. A metal coating can include, for example, gold, platinum, titanium, nickel, tin, or a combination. In another embodiment, the biomechanical coating includes a polymer. The polymer can be, for example, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, poly(hydroxyethly methacrylate), poly(vinyl alcohol), polycaprolactone, poly(D, L-lactic acid), poly(L-lactic acid), poly(lactide-co-glycolide), poly(hydroxybutyrate), poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate), polydioxanone, polyorthoester, polyanhydride, poly(glycolic acid), poly(glycolic acid-cotrimethylene cabonate), polyphosphoester, polyphosphoester urethane, poly(amino acids), cyanoacrylates, poly(trimethylene carbonate), poly(iminocarbonate), copoly(ether-esters), polyalkylene oxalates, polyphosphazenes, polyiminocarbonates, aliphatic polycarbonate, polyethylene oxide, polyethylene gylcol, poly(propylene oxide), polyacrylamide, polyacrylic acid (30-60% solution), polymethacrylic acid, poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrollidone), polyurethane, poly(aminoacid), cellulosic polymer (e.g. sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl celluslose), collagen, carrageenan, alginate, starch, dextrin, gelatin, poly(lactide), poly(glycolide), polydioxanone, polycaprolactone, polyhydroxybutyrate, poly(phospazazene), poly(phosphate ester), poly(lactide-co-glycolide), poly(glycolide-co-trimethylene carbonate), poly(glycolide-co-caprolactone), polyanhydride, polyamide, polyestes, polyether, polyketone, polyether elastomer, parylene, polyether amide elastomers, polyacrylate-based elastomer, polyethylene, polypropylene, and/or and derivatives thereof.
One important class of grafts and/or graft coatings forms a carpet-like surface. A carpet-like surface results when long chain molecules are bound at one end to the underlying stent surface. PTFE, for example, can provide a carpet-like surface. An amphiphilic block copolymer can fill or partially fill the interstices between long chain molecules and smooth over a carpet-like surface.
Various definitions of amphiphilic polymer are used in the literature. For purpose of the present disclosure, however, an amphiphilic polymer is a copolymer that includes both hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymer chains and is able to swell in both hydrophilic solvents (e.g., water) and hydrophobic solvents (e.g., n-heptane). This definition excludes, for example, a simple poly(ethylene glycol) polymer, which some have characterized as amphiphilic in view of its intermediate hydrophilicity.
Amphiphilic block copolymers include polymers having hydrophobic polymer chains crosslinked by hydrophilic polymer chains, polymers having hydrophilic polymer chains crosslinked by hydrophobic polymer chains, polymers having hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymer chains crosslinked by a crosslinking agent, and polymers in which hydrophobic and hydrophilic chains link end to end. Amphiphilic graft copolymers include polymers having a hydrophilic backbone to which hydrophobic chains are attached and polymers having a hydrophobic backbone to which hydrophilic chains are attached. As the terms are used here, a graft copolymer is not, in general, a block copolymer.
The assemblages of polymer chains are generally random. Preferably, the polymer chains form a continuous network through either physical or chemical crosslinking. Physical crosslinking refers, for example, to bonding that occurs through aggregation of groups of hydrophobic segments, which results from their mutual attraction.
The monomers from which block copolymers are made generally include polymer chains. Under the terminology used here, these monomers may be referred to as macro-monomers. Likewise, the corresponding elements in the formed block copolymer can be referred to as macro-mers.
A hydrophobic polymer chain can be, for example, a polyolefin, preferably an olefin having 4 to about 12 carbon atoms as in poly(isobutylene), or a polysiloxane, such as poly(dimethylsiloxane). A hydrophilic polymer chain can be, for example, a poly(alkylene glycol), such as polyethylene glycol, a polyacrylate, such as polymers of methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methylmethacrylate, or an aminoalkyl acrylate, such as N,N-dimethylacrylamide.
A preferred amphiphilic block copolymer network comprises macromolecular mers of polyethylene glycol (PEG), poly(isobutylene) (PIB), and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). The polymer network can be synthesized by hydrosilation of allyl-terminated macromolecular monomers with pentamethylcyclopentasiloxane in toluene. The pore size of this network can be controlled by controlling the molecular weight of the hydrophilic macro-monomers. The strength can be controlled by the lengths of the hydrophobic macro-monomers and by the crosslink density. PDMS is oxyphilic and enhances transport of oxygen and related substances through the network.
More generally, macro-monomers, each a hydrophilic or hydrophobic polymer chain with functional end caps, can be polymerized together to form an amphiphilic block copolymer network. Suitable end caps include, for example, organic polyisocyanates, such as tolyene diisocyanate and diphenylmethane diisocyanate, acrylate, methacrylate and styryl groups. Block copolymers networks can also be generated by polymerizing polymer chains with monomers, for example, methacrylol capped PIB with dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate.
The solubility difference between hydrophobic and hydrophilic monomers can present difficulties during synthesis of amphiphilic block copolymers. One approach to overcoming this difficulty is to use a removable blocking agent to make a hydrophobic monomer temporarily hydrophilic or a hydrophilic monomer temporarily hydrophobic. For example a hydrophobic tertiary amine or amide can be made hydrophilic with a protonating blocking agent. For another example, a hydrophilic methacrylate can be made hydrophobic by the blocking agent trimethylsilyl chloride. The trimethylsilyl chloride can be removed by swelling the polymer in a 5% hydrochloric acid solution.
Amphiphilic block copolymers as used in the invention are generally biostable. However, bioerodable amphiphilic block copolymers can also be designed. For example, a bioerodable amphiphilic block copolymer can be obtained by copolymerizing, under free radical conditions, styrene-telechelic PIB's with vinyl acetate.
The amphiphilic block copolymer coating can be applied to the graft by any suitable means, including for example, spray coating, dip coating, and brush coating. In one embodiment, the graft is spin coated. Spin coating involves placing the graft with the copolymer constituents in a cylindircal tube. The tube is spun, whereby the macromonomers distribute evenly about the graft along the perimeter of the tube. With the tube, spinning, the polymerization and/or crosslinking reactions are initiated.
The polymer carries a drug of a type, in a manner, and in an amount sufficient to significantly inhibit thrombosis and/or stenosis. The exemplary graft delays the onset of or reduces the occurrence of one or more of these conditions to a statically significant degree in comparison to an otherwise equivalent graft without the drug. The drug can be, for example, cytostatic or cytotoxic.
A graft according to the invention can be used to deliver virtually any drug, including without limitation, hydrophilic compounds, hydrophobic compounds, metal compounds, salts, polymers, antibodies, proteins, nucleic acids, and cells. It is further possible, with simple variations in the amphiphilic block copolymer composition, to control the release rate of any of these drugs.
Diverse drugs are of interest in connection with thrombosis and/or stenosis, including the following:
anticoagulants, including heparin, low molecular weight herapins, hirudin, warfarin, bivalirudin, and Vasoflux;
antithrombotic agents, including argatroban, efegatran, tick anticoagulant peptide, Ppack, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, thromboxane A2 receptor inhibitors, endothelium-derived relaxing factor plasminogen activator inhibitor, tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), ReoPro, fibrin and fibrin peptide A, chrysalin, D-Phe-ProArg chloromethyl ketone, and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors (including, abciximab, eptifibatide, tirofiban, lamifiban, fradafiban, cromafiban, toxifiban, XV454, lefradafiban, klerval, lotrafiban, orbofiban, and xemilofiban)
antiplatelet agents, including aspirin, dipyridamole, apo-dipyridamole, persantine, prostacyclin, ticlopidine, clopidogrel, cromafiban, and cilostazol;
antiproliferative agents, including triazolopyrimidine (Trapidil), paclitaxel (Taxol), tranilast (Rizaben), Rapamycin (sirolimus), tacrolimus, angiopeptin, butyrate, ceramide, ciprostene, cultrazine, cyclosporine, EGF-genistein, fucoidans, halofuginone, lioprost, ketaserine, predisone, dipyridamole, 17-beta-estradiol, suramin, nitric oxide donors (including FK409, linsidomine, and molsidomine), phytoestrogens, colchine, probucol, terbinafine, etoposide, doxorubicine, beraprost sodium, Resten-NG, actinomycin D, phosphorylcholine, Batimastat, and calcium channel blockers (including, amlodipine, verapamil, diltiazem HCL, and nifedipine);
anti-inflammatory agents, including dipyridamole, and glucocorticoids (including betamethazone, rosiglitazone, and dexamethazone);
lipid-lowering drugs, including omega-3 fatty acids, prostaglandin I2, prostaglandin E1, pravastatin, lovastatin, cerivastatin, fluvastatin, and simvastatin;
specific growth factor antagonists, including lanreotide;
antioxidants, including alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, and probucol;
genetic materials, including those carried by viral vectors, plasmids, and lipid-based carriers (including, antisense oligonucleotides such as AVI-2221, INX-3280, RestenASE), ribosymes, and cytochalasin B;
angiogenic growth factors, including platelet derived growth factors alpha and beta;
antihypertension drugs, including angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists (including captopril, quinapril, cilazapril, losartan, and valsartan)
radioactive compounds, including metal salts;
lymphokines including (IL)-1, -2, -3, and -4, as well as colony stimulating factors such as G-CSF, GM-CSF, and M-CSF.
Most of these drugs have analogs and derivative that are also of interest in preventing stenosis and/or thrombosis. Analogs and derivatives include minor alterations in structure and substitutions or additions of atoms or functional groups that do not alter, except perhaps by degree, the primary mechanism of action. For example paclitaxel derivatives include, without limitation, taxotere, baccatin, 10-deacetyltaxol, 7-xylosyl-10-deacetyltaxol, cephalomannine, 10-deacetyl-7-epitaxol, 7 epitaxol, 10-deacetylbaccatin III, and 10-deacetylcephaolmannine.
Virtually any of the drugs of interest in preventing stenosis and/or thrombosis can be delivered using an amphiphilic block copolymer on a graft according to the present invention. A preferred graft/polymer combination can deliver many of these drugs with little or no variation in the polymer composition. For example, amphiphilic block copolymer networks, such as networks comprising PEG, PIB, and PDMS, can be used to deliver with a controlled release rate any of triazolopyrimidine, paclitaxol, and sirolimus on the one hand and any of stem cells, antibodies, genetic materials, and lymphokines on the other. Where some variation is required to achieve appropriate release rates for these various drugs or drug groups, it is preferred that these variations be limited to the ratios and/or chain lengths of the macro-monomers and the degree of crosslinking.
The polymer can be loaded with the drug by any suitable means. One approach is to include the drug with the macro-monomers as they are polymerized together. Another is to dissolve the drug in a solvent and swell the polymer with the solvent. All or part of the solvent can be evaporated and the polymer swelled again to increase the drug loading level.
The drug can remain in the graft, as when the drug is a radiation source. More generally, however it is preferred that the drug be released by the graft, either to be absorbed in tissues around the graft or to be released into the blood stream. In one embodiment, the drug is of a type that can absorb and be stored in living tissues.
An advantage of the present invention is that amphiphilic block copolymer networks can be tailored to provide virtually any desired release rate. Non-soluble amphiphilic block copolymers generally provide release rate kinetics in the range from about 0.4 order to about first order. Within this framework, a particular release rate may be targeted. In one embodiment, the graft can release from about 10 to about 90 percent of the drug within the first thirty days of installation, preferably from about 20 to about 60 percent of the drug within the first thirty days. In another embodiment, the graft releases from about 10 to about 90 percent of the drug within the first six hours of installation, preferably from about 20 to about 60 percent of the drug within the first six hours.
In one embodiment of the invention, two surfaces of the graft have two different drug/polymer combinations and release drugs at two different rates. For example, the inner surface of the graft can be coated with a polymer carrying a first drug that is released into the blood stream, whereas the outer surface can be coated with another the same or a different polymer carrying a second drug that releases into tissues surrounding the graft.
A variety of options are available for controlling the release rate. The release rate can be varied though any of: the identity of the macro-monomers, the lengths of the macro-monomer chains, the ratios of the macro-monomers, the degree of crosslinking in the copolymer network, the loading of the drug, and the thickness of the amphiphilic polymer coating. Additional release patterns can be obtained by employing multi-layer coatings, which may include layers that are not amphiphilic block copolymers. For example, a barrier layer may be formed over the amphiphilic block copolymer to slow the release rate. One of the biocompatible coatings listed above would be appopriate for a barrier coating. A preferred barrier layer comprises parylene or a derivative thereof.
A further advantage of the amphiphilic block copolymer of the present invention is that its pore structure can be easily controlled. Controlled porosity is of value in grafts for purposes in addition to controlling release rates. A porous inner surface is desireable to promote endothelialization. A porous outer surface is desireable to promote ingrowth of tissue. An overall low permeabilty is desirable to prevent blood leakage. An amphiphilic block copolymer can be optimized to any of these functions with minimal changes in chemical properties.
Inner layer 14 has a pore structure optimized for endothelialization. Layer 16 provides controlled release for a drug that releases at least into the lumen formed by the wall 12. Layer 18 can limit the permeation of blood through the graft. Layer 18 can also be a barrier layer for a drug. Layer 20 provides controlled release of a drug at least into the tissues surrounding the graft 10. Layer 22 has a pore stucture optimized for tissue ingrowth. The inner and outer layers typically have a mean pore size in the range from about 1 to about 100 micrometers, preferably from about 10 to about 50 micrometers.
In the exemplary embodiment of the invention, at least one of the layers 16 and 20 includes an amphiphilic block copolymer. Typically, the amphiphilic block copolymer layer will provide the functions of two or more layers in the graft 10. In one embodiment, one amphiphilic block copolymer layer serves all the functions of the five layers of the graft 10. In another embodiment, two amphiphilic block copolymer layers, differing in some quality, serve the functions of two or more layers of the graft 10. Each of the five layers 14, 16, 18, 20, and 22 is considered to coat a surface of the wall 12, although one or more of these layers may be separated from the wall 12 by one or more other layers.
Local drug delivery through a graft coating often allows the use of higher drug concentrations in those locations where the drug is needed than could safely be achieved with system wide delivery. Nonetheless, there can be synergy between graft-based delivery and system-wide delivery. Thus, in one embodiment, treatment with a drug-coated graft according to the invention is combined with oral or intravenous dosage of the same drug.
An amphiphilic block copolymer network has unique advantages for drug-coated grafts. Nonetheless, in certain situations, collagen can be used as an alternative. As a graft coating, collagen can smooth over surfaces and create bio- and hemo-compatibility. In one embodiment, a graft with a carpet like surface is coated with collagen. Preferably, the collagen contains either stem cells, antibodies, genetic materials, or lymphokines in an amount to significantly inhibit thrombosis and/or stenosis. Of particular interest in this group are stem cells and GM-CSF.
In addition to a graft coating, an amphiphilic block copolymer network can be used to form microparticles. Such microparticles can also carry and deliver at a controlled rate a wide range of drugs. Microparticles have a size range from about 10 nanometers to about 10 micrometers.
One aspect of the invention relates to the use of microparticles, especially amphiphilic block copolymer microparticles, to carry a drug that inhibits thrombosis and/or stenosis. The microparticles can be distributed in a coating on a graft. The coating can be a polymer, either biostable or bioerodable. In a preferred embodiment, the coating containing the microparticles is a hydrogel. A hydrogel can be synthetic polymer, such as polymalic acid, polyamino acids, polyacrylic acids, polyalkylene glycol (e.g., polyethylene glycol), polyalkyene oxide (e.g. polyethylene oxide), polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyester, polyvinyl alcohols, and hydrophilic polyurethanes, polyglutarunic acid, poly 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (PHEMA). Additional examples of hydrogels include collagen, NO-carboxymethyl chitosan (NOCC), albumin, gelatin, starch, celluloses, dextran, polymalic acid, polyamino acids and their co-polymers or lightly cross-linked forms, polysaccharides and their derivatives, sodium alginate, karaya gum, gelatin, guar gum, agar, algin, carrageenans, pectin, locust bean gums, xanthan, starch-based gums, hydroxyalkyl and ethyl ethers of cellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose. Alternative, the microparticles can be distributed around the graft during or shortly after installation.
The invention has been shown and described with respect to certain aspects, examples, and embodiments. While a particular feature of the invention may have been disclosed with respect to only one of several aspects, examples, or embodiments, the feature may be combined with one or more other features of the other aspects, examples, or embodiments as may be advantageous for any given or particular application. Furthermore, to the extent that the term "includes" is used in either the detailed description or the claims, the term is intended to be inclusive in the manner of the term "comprising."
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Did you know that I LOVE BUSHWICK?! I really do, and so do Adriana Young and Christina Kral.
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Apr 21 2014
Delicious Easter Leftovers
One of my favorite things about any holiday—Easter included—is the leftover food. I made it a point to keep our dyed eggs refrigerated so that we could enjoy them today (and tomorrow!) And if you made big honkin' Easter ham yesterday…chances are pretty good you've got a leftover hunk.
Here are just a few of my favorite Easter Leftover recipes. (Pssst: There's a brand new one at the end!)
Scalloped Potatoes and Ham. There's nothing my kids love more than scalloped potatoes and ham, and leftover Easter ham is poifect for it. The version in my holiday cookbook calls for more of a cooked white sauce (which is dreamy), but this one's a little more pared down and simple. Both are delicious!
Easter Leftover Sandwich. Quite possibly my favorite use of all the Easter leftovers, this sandwich will rock your world in the most wonderful way. (The egg salad recipe is contained within this recipe.)
Avocado Egg Salad. Oh my word, this is good. Like, totally.
The Best Spinach Salad Ever. I love this salad more than life itself, and the more sliced hard boiled eggs you have on top, the better!
The Ultimate Grilled Cheese Sandwich. Another delicious way to use leftover hard boiled eggs. I love this one!
And how about Deviled Eggs? I have several variations in my holiday cookbook, but here's the good ol' basic recipe.
Peel the eggs, slice them in half, gently squeeze or scoop the yolks into a bowl…
Then mash the yolks with a fork until they're totally broken up.
Add mayo, mustard, salt and pepper…
For texture and tang, I like to add chopped pickles (or pickle relish), a little vinegar, and a little pickle juice. Yum!
And fill the eggs. I use two spoons for a more "rustic" (haha) look…
But you can also whip it to make it smoother and pipe it. Whatever floats your boat!
Serve them on a bed of red cabbage or radicchio (or kale!) with a sprinkling of paprika.
Deviled eggs are so ding dang addictive. I love them!
All the printable recipes (except the Deviled Eggs; see below) are at the end of each of the individual posts above; just click on the photo or the link for each one!
Here's the printable recipe for the Deviled Eggs.
Happy Day-After-Easter, friends!
Print Options
Deviled Eggs
- Prep Time:
- Cook Time:
- Difficulty:
- Easy
- Servings:
- 24
- 12 whole Hard-boiled Eggs, Peeled And Halved
- 1/2 cup (Real) Mayonnaise
- 1 Tablespoon Yellow Mustard (or Dijon)
- Salt And Pepper, to taste
- 2 teaspoons Finely Chopped Pickles Or Pickle Relish
- 1 teaspoon White Vinegar
- 1 teaspoon Pickle Juice (optional)
- Paprika, For Serving
Preparation Instructions
Remove the yolks from the egg halves and place them into a bowl. Mash the yolks with a fork until they're totally broken up. Add mayonnaise, mustard, salt, and pepper, and stir it/mash it together until totally smooth. Add the pickles, vinegar, and pickle juice, if using. Stir to combine; mixture should be mostly smooth.
Use 2 small spoons (or a piping bag) to place large dollops of the egg mixture into each egg half. Note: If you fill the halves really full, you may have some halves left over.
Serve on a bed or radicchio or red cabbage with a sprinkling of paprika!
120 Comments and 24 Replies
Cheryl Barker On Monday, April 21 at 7:38 am
I love deviled eggs, too, Ree. Pickle juice, huh? Sounds interesting!
janmaus On Monday, April 21 at 12:05 pm
We like 'em with pickle juice–particularly since we use those wonderfully spicy Wickles sweet pickles that are pretty popular across the south these days. Not to talk about a particular brand, so I bet you can add a drop or 2 of any hot sauce to the existing recipe and get a similar kick
WandaL On Monday, April 21 at 7:48 am
I've started adding a pinch or two of dill weed. Yummy!
SandyG On Thursday, April 24 at 6:02 pm
All these years and I've never thought to add dill weed. Then again my partner's meat and potatoes family fears anything green in their food.
Monie On Monday, April 21 at 7:49 am
Oh, how I love deviled eggs. My mom made them frequently, and I always had more than my share. Before I came to love sweet pickle, she would make me a 'sissy' version without the pickles, but with the pickle juice for that flavor thing. She did the same thing for me with potato salad, dressing (minus onion/celery), and anything else that had 'crunchies' in it. Bless her sweet heart. Happily, I came to love the crunchy things eventually, and she was spared the extra trouble. Anyhow…deviled eggs always make me think of my mom, and I think I'll make some today!
TAB On Monday, April 21 at 8:43 am
Your comments made me think how much our mom's recipes (+ little spin they put on things) can matter/ mean so much. Especially holidays. But a person reeeally realizes it after mom's not here anymore. I brought home all her recipes like they were the national treasure! Now they are a double blessing in that I still get to have her wonderful/ my favorite things she made, but when I make, smell & eat the food…. it is like she is right there with me. And in every recipe book of hers- is her handwriting of little changes she made or things she added~ & I looove looking at & reading her little notes! Makes it all that more personal. Gramma did that too. I dont think there is a recipe they didnt tweak jus a little. Now I have that habit. Easter 2004 I made her some shrimp scampi. She was copying my recipe (probly thee 'only' recipe she ever needed from me) while we were talkin bout bad blizzard & all the snow they got. Her recipe card says~ line baking dish with a single layer of snow~ ha, ha, sposed to say shrimp! She never got a chance to make it herself. That recipe card is one of my most prized posessions
Monie On Monday, April 21 at 9:07 am
TAB, you are so right about the recipes/recipe cards that have the handwriting on them…treasures, indeed.
Anne P. On Monday, April 21 at 10:50 am
I, too, am blessed to have my dear Mother's recipe file/books, filled with her notes! Also have a number of my Grandmother's recipe cards, including Great-Grandmother's recipe for "mustard plaster for croup"! Now, that recipe is well over 100 years old! Thankfully, by the time our generation of sibs and cousins came along, Vicks had been invented to ease the congestion miseries!
Gran of 17 On Tuesday, April 22 at 8:52 am
This is so apt with Mother's Day fast approaching. I too have many of my mothers recipes, they're in an old Boston Cooking School Cook Book, by Fanny Farmer. The last copyright date in it is 1924, so it must have originally belonged to my Grandmother, who was married around the turn of the century, the 20th century.
KarenL On Thursday, May 1 at 3:39 pm
Ladies, I have to jump in on this one. Like her mother before her, my mom wasn't big on cooking, but we were just talking last night about the special recipes I did learn from her… French toast, braised pork chops in prune juice (trust me!), roasted potatoes, spaghetti…and how I just went from there thanks to many TV chefs like Ree! Recently I connected with some extended family in the southeast, and they sent me a binder full of family recipes, with pictures and stories. Aunt Betty's this, and Grandma Marty's that… such a treasure. It's like having all the ladies who came before me, and beside me, right there in my kitchen… a veritable food family reunion!
4monkeys On Monday, April 21 at 7:52 am
We make our deviled eggs the same way!
Dana C On Monday, April 21 at 8:02 am
We had a pre-Easter/birthday cookout Saturday night and the left overs (the few that were left) went to our Easter dinner on Sunday and there was NOTHING left! My family only numbers 13 when all cousins are present but we cleaned up everything! Going to have to make some deviled eggs tonight!!
May On Monday, April 21 at 8:08 am
Deviled eggs are my favorite way to eat the left over Easter eggs!
Rae B On Monday, April 21 at 8:11 am
I didn't get around to making deviled eggs for Easter. Now I really want some. Sigh.
Edie B On Monday, April 21 at 8:12 am
We like to add wasabi for a kick!
Sue On Monday, April 21 at 11:20 am
I was going to tell Ree at the end that I too add "dry mustard" to give it a little hot kick. Deviled eggs are an addiction.
Marilyn Vincent On Monday, April 21 at 8:18 am
It all looks Great! I used to put pickles in mine but now I used jalapenos juice and put a sliced jalapeno on top, it takes Deviled Eggs to a new level!!!
Marilyn Vincent On Monday, April 21 at 8:22 am
All the things look great you have posted! I used to put pickles in mine, but now i put jalapeno juice and top it with a sliced jalapeno! Takes deviled eggs to a new level!!!
SandraG On Monday, April 21 at 8:33 am
Make mine the same way. Each time we take them to a gathering, they are the 1st things to go. Seems everybody loves deviled eggs. Sometimes add a little crispy bacon, Hmm. So many versions, but I like it simple.
Beth M. On Monday, April 21 at 8:45 am
Hi Ree, thanks for the leftover ideas. I also want to give a shout out to your graphic artist, I love the Spring scenery at the top of your blog. Have a great day!
Darcie (My Modern Country) On Monday, April 21 at 8:51 am
You're right, we have a hunk of ham left, AND we "smoked" a turkey, which makes for some totally wonderful leftovers! You can smoke anything in Colorado, now….sorry, I just couldn't resist.
ann On Monday, April 21 at 10:06 am
Got it ! Too funny.
Erika hollis On Monday, April 21 at 10:32 am
That is too funny! LOL
Jane On Monday, April 21 at 4:25 pm
Now, THAT was funny
Becky Grigsby On Monday, April 21 at 6:36 pm
You know, my husband was gonna smoke our turkey, but we couldn't for the life of us, figure out how to get it in those little papers…..
Erika Hollis On Monday, April 21 at 9:03 am
OK, I have this recipe for deviled eggs that has been passed down for about 100 years. To the firmed yolks, add a can of potted meat, or I use the little can with the devil on it Add mayo, chalula or cayanne (pinch) dil relish w/ pickle juice, mustard, and sprinkle paprika over it. This makes one really good deviled egg!
Orb On Monday, April 21 at 10:55 pm
What was ( or is ) that can with a devil on it? This is going to drive me crazy…I can see it!
cheryl ritzman On Monday, April 21 at 9:16 am
Love deviled eggs…in fact the whole family loves them. One tradition I remember as a kid and have kept going is to take the shell off the egg first , then dye them. They make for beautiful deviled eggs. A group of ladies was talking and I told them about this and they had never heard of it and my 26 yr old daughter says–"I thought everyone dyed their eggs like this."
Debra On Monday, April 21 at 11:53 pm
With our leftover ham, Mom always cut it into cubes and added it to Mac and cheese, then sprinkle the top of the casserole dish with bread crumbs and bake. Sometimes the things that you make with the leftovers taste better than the original dish.
JYM On Monday, April 21 at 9:25 am
No Easter eggs at our home… we are just two adults… but we had our share over the years. I see many deviled eggs in our future as we move into summer as we both love them. Thanks for the reminder about scalloped potatoes and ham. Loved these as a child! Hugs to everyone and enjoy the week ahead. Please let us in on more old building decisions, Ree.
EMILY S On Monday, April 21 at 9:56 am
Kay On Monday, April 21 at 9:56 am
I like to sprinkle the tops with just a little cayenne pepper. I like just a little bit of heat on them. I also use dill weed just because it is yummy.
Erika hollis On Monday, April 21 at 10:30 am
YUM! I do this sometimes too!
Bill Weisel On Monday, April 21 at 2:33 pm
Those babies are super popular in our house. I agree that a teenie pinch of cayenne does wonders. And the Mrs. uses one of those old Super Shooters that were made to shoot cookie dough. It works like a charm with the egg yolks. Try it !!
Angel Reyes On Monday, April 21 at 9:58 am
I did an egg salad with my leftover boiled eggs! I kept it healthy to balance all the Easter indulgences! I shared the recipe on my blog.
Sue G On Monday, April 21 at 9:58 am
Our favorite was always ham sandwiches with sliced boiled eggs and mayo on toast!!!! YUM!!!!
Melissa On Monday, April 21 at 9:58 am
Love Scalloped potatoes and Ham! Your recipes look delicious! =)
Terry On Tuesday, April 22 at 10:11 am
I made them last night and they were a hit. Didn't change a thing except I peeled the potatoes since I don't like to eat the peels. Chopped em by hand since I don't have a slicer mandolin. Parboiled for a few minutes just in case I didn't get the slices thin enough. Went on with the recipe and it was well worth the effort!!
Bonnie M On Monday, April 21 at 9:58 am
The scalloped potatoes with ham looks soooooooooo good Ree! I saw you make the 'more decadent' version a couple of weeks ago on one of your newer episodes and it made me wish I was being homeschooled and called in for a lunch like that! Oh. My. Goodness. Gracious. Heavenly!!
Hope your day is filled with love and sunshine!
God Bless.
Shirley G On Monday, April 21 at 9:58 am
I was hoping for leftover ham, So bought 2 hams Everyone took some home, and all I have left is 2 bones. One will go into the beans today. But I don't have any ham left for sandwiches. I may have to buy another ham, while they are still on sale, so I can have my leftovers.
Patricia schnick On Monday, April 21 at 9:59 am
I use Coleman dry English mustard in my deviled eggs. Really gives them a kick. And he'll man's mayo lol
Ginger On Monday, April 21 at 10:01 am
My mother-in-law adds about 4 oz cream cheese, per dozen eggs, to the yolk mixture. It makes them very creamy and delicious!
Jeanne (NanaBread) On Monday, April 21 at 10:03 am
We love post-Easter-egg-hunting deviled eggs. We add chopped green olives instead of pickles and dust the tops with a little paprika or cayenne. So good!
Andrea Wooldridge On Monday, April 21 at 10:03 am
Ree, I do basically the same thing, except I use light, and organic mayo, Dijon mustard, and the most wonderful secret ingredient is a small amount of curry powder. I too, love deviled eggs, but wish there were an easier way to peel the eggs, and scoop out the yolks.
Judy Hudson On Monday, April 21 at 10:05 am
I make deviled eggs almost exactly like this…pickles, pickle juice and all…sometimes I grate a little onion in them, and always I put about half a teaspoon of horseradish in there too. I like a little kick! Another good garnish besides paprika is to snip your own fresh chives. The pickles (and juice) I use are my own "ice box" pickles…old family recipe, best eatin' sweet pickles…blue-green and crisp, and probably would not pass health department standards of preparation…but they keep for at least a year in the fridge (if there are any left).
Sue On Monday, April 21 at 11:23 am
Now I'm jealous. When do you find time to do all of this.
ann On Monday, April 21 at 10:10 am
We had leg of lamb, not ham. But now we'll have lamb curry from the leftovers. Now I need to boil some eggs.
Jennifer in Texas On Monday, April 21 at 10:10 am
Our Easter tradition is always, always Leg of Lamb (which may be heresy to a cattle rancher, but it's only once or twice a year). Lamb makes the absolute best gravy (but I have a secret method). We also have garlic smashed potatoes, fresh asparagus, roasted baby beets, Yorkshire Pudding (this is a nod to the British ancestors), a green salad and a variety of desserts..this year, we made Flan and Red Velvet cupcakes. Tonight, for dinner, I will make Shepherd's Pie with chunks of the left over lamb and gravy, topped with the leftover mashed potatoes, which I will brush with an egg wash. And we will pronounce it the best Easter dinner ever. It didn't hurt that the leg of lamb had almost an entire head of garlic slivers inserted before I roasted it.
Kay On Monday, April 21 at 10:10 am
When I saw the subject line, I thought you were going to give ideas for leftover deviled eggs! I was quite curious how on earth you managed to HAVE leftover deviled eggs!! My experience is, we always run out of deviled eggs! But, now I get it!
Anne P. On Monday, April 21 at 10:17 am
Deviled eggs are such a favorite around here! I do plan to make a plateful, either today or tomorrow. Ree, you may want to censor my comment, but I always use Miracle Whip for my deviled eggs!! Seems I recall your description of MW as the "devil's spread", or something close to that? Need I say more? Haha…actually, our family is quite divided on preferring MW v. mayo, so we have our usual disagreements at our get-togethers, but everyone loves the deviled eggs, so go figure!
Eileen On Monday, April 21 at 11:03 am
Just wanted you to check Erika's post when she mentioned adding meat from a can with the little devil on it, she was not referring to Miracle Whip as a devil spread, just the kind of meat that was in the little can that she added to the devil egg recipe ! LOL
We went to my sister's for Easter Sunday supper and I brought baked beans and a pie for dessert but also my deviled eggs and coloured the white different colours so that added more colour to the table and they were delicious but little did I know that my sister had made deviled eggs as well LOL, We all had our shared of deviled eggs!! Love them!!
Anne P. On Monday, April 21 at 11:30 am
Hi Eileen, I wasn't referring to Erika's tin of deviled ham…Ree has made it clear that she has no culinary use for MW, and has, in fact, referred to it as something associated with the devil! Ha ha..
PenPen On Monday, April 21 at 10:23 am
Your deviled eggs sound interesting and I will try them on my hubby–the deviled egg connoisseur. I remember 23 years ago making 12 dozen deviled eggs with the help of my Mom and maid of honor. Yes, my husband-to-be asked for deviled eggs at our wedding reception. It was challenging and interesting. And he was happy.
dc On Monday, April 21 at 10:24 am
Deviled eggs are a weekly thing here! My family eat only one kind of egg salad and even that one not too often! Yesterday, we made horsey eggs ('cause we're horseradish freaks), fried caper eggs and just some fairly basic deviled eggs. Today, I revert to my personal fav Ted Allen's version with shredded cheddar cheese and chipotle pepper! Yum!
Robbin Sipes On Monday, April 21 at 10:26 am
Your recipes played a huge part in my Easter dinner. I decided to mix it up and use all new recipes this year. The Glazed Ham was amazing! I don't cook ham often, but with your recipe I will now. Your deviled egg recipe was similar to mine but according to my daughter she likes yours better. The BEST part was the Lemon Lime Pound Cake! This will be my new go to recipe. The best cake ever! It was difficult, but I sacrificed 1 piece and brought to my co-worker today!
Jeth On Monday, April 21 at 10:26 am
Hi Ree, I have got a good one for you to try with your deviled eggs. A good friend of mine suggested I add horseradish to my deviled egg mixture which is like yours – yolks, salt & pepper, mustard (regular Heinz yellow mustard) and mayo. So I tried maybe a tablespoon with 16 eggs. It just adds an extra zing and wonderful flavor but you can't tell what it is. You know something is different but I bet none of your family/guests know what you added. My husband now asks me to put it in my deviled eggs and I am up to at least 2 tbsp. We love it. I am going to try your relish & pickle juice the next time I make deviled eggs – which is often.
Maureen On Monday, April 21 at 10:28 am
Deviled eggs without a little horseradish might just be heresy in our family. My mom also uses dried mustard instead of the prepared you use.
And yeah, my mom makes them because I really do not like eggs myself.
Rebbecca M On Monday, April 21 at 10:30 am
That food looks so good. .. I get to have ham roll ups and stuffed mushrooms leftovers today
Cheryl W. On Monday, April 21 at 10:34 am
Greetings Ree,
I know for sure I ate way too much yesterday! Can not beat a few deviled eggs though.
Have a great day! Is it Springtime in Oklahoma yet? he, he…CLW
Debi N On Monday, April 21 at 10:38 am
We love deviled eggs in our house and my SIL would eat the whole bunch if he could get away with it! I have a tip for everybody, I found if you use your pastry blender it makes mashing the egg yolks a lot faster!!! I had to have a quicker way and I think this is the winner.
Anne P. On Monday, April 21 at 11:23 am
If I'm going to make a lot of deviled eggs, I like to use my potato ricer for the yolks. Goes fast, and the end result is a silky-smooth mixture. I never use the potato ricer for potatoes..ha ha
Denise On Monday, April 21 at 10:40 am
I too enjoy a great Deviled Egg. My mom was from Tennessee and said every southern girl has a Deviled Egg plate and can make real sweet tea. Fortunately, before she passed she gave me a plate and taught me how to make real sweet tea even though I'm from Michigan.
Patty Grooms On Monday, April 21 at 10:41 am
I made the scalloped ham and potatoes yesterday. It was a bit of a challenge slicing the potatoes without the proper tools, but my knife was sharp enough for the task. I just added some carrots and peas to make it our main course. This recipe was relatively easy and incredibly delicious. My husband and I enjoyed the day celebrating our first Easter as a married couple which made the day extra special.
Katie On Monday, April 21 at 10:49 am
BLUE CHEESE in your DEVILED EGGS! Please do this as soon as possible. We will never go back. =) Happy belated Easter!
Stephanie M. On Monday, April 21 at 10:54 am
Thank you for posting these recipes!! I will definitely be using them today! Happy Monday!
goosefeathers On Monday, April 21 at 10:55 am
mmmmm – nice recipe. Interesting variations posted here in Comments too. I love deviled eggs whatever the recipe. What a nice Easter Sunday it was yesterday – so happy to see the sun again. I finally had hope spring will actually come to New England and stick around, so I took some time to make spring wreaths and dress up my porch doors.
Ree Bowers On Monday, April 21 at 11:03 am
I fix my deviled eggs the same way without the pickles. But when I make egg salad I add the chopped pickles. You are the only chef/ cook that I watch on the Food Network! Plus you & I are named the same & share the same birth date, January 6th!
Anne K On Monday, April 21 at 11:16 am
Your recipe for deviled eggs is pretty much the same as I use. However I noticed that you also add vinegar – never heard that before.
Gayle On Monday, April 21 at 11:19 am
Instead of mashing the yolks, Southern Living says grate them on the fine side of a box grater. I tried that this year & they were really homogeneous. Only "us girls" like the deviled eggs. Our men are 'way too manly.
Juanita On Monday, April 21 at 11:21 am
Andrea Wooldridge, regarding your difficulty in peeling boiled eggs… it helps to add a tsp or two of baking soda, a little oil, and some salt to the water when the eggs are cooking. I put the eggs in the pot, cover with water, bring to a boil and boil for 2 minutes. Then, I remove the pot from the burner, cover it with it's lid and wait 10 minutes before pouring off the water and rinsing the eggs in cold water. The eggs will generally peel very easily, especially if you crack them all the way around by rolling them lightly on a hard surface before peeling. Anyone else found a better way?
Christy On Monday, April 21 at 11:52 am
I found the instructions in a blog from KingArthur flour concerning the boiling of eggs and making of deviled eggs that I tried. The eggs were easy to peel. I still peeled them under cool water but I didn't lose any to huge chunks taken out of them by stubborn egg shells.
Gina Bull On Monday, April 21 at 11:21 am
That is my exact deviled egg recipe except for one detail that probably shows that we were brought up in different areas of the country. I use Miracle Whip.
barb On Monday, April 21 at 11:23 am
Mt dear husband would eat deviled eggs any time any day even for dinner. He loves deviled eggs. And you are right Ree leftovers are da bomb!!
Mel G 13 On Monday, April 21 at 11:24 am
We actually made the ham and scalloped potato casserole for our meal! Awesome!
Our twist that I totally recommend? Fry up some bacon and crumble it in to the white sauce. Yum
Tiffany P On Monday, April 21 at 11:40 am
"Egg-straordiary" egg recipes Ree-thanks!
Chris On Monday, April 21 at 11:45 am
Thanks for all these great tips especially since we hate discarding leftovers.
Barbara White On Monday, April 21 at 12:17 pm
I always use sweet pickle juice in my deviled eggs also. My husband doesn't like pickles but he doesn't know that is pickle juice making the eggs so yummy. His food palate is a lot like MB!!! Love your recipes, your blog and your show!!!!
Cynthia Thompson On Monday, April 21 at 12:18 pm
That's how I make my deviled eggs, except I don't put in the relish or chopped up pickle. You're right, they are addictive. Also, I made your scalloped potatoes with ham recipe yesterday for Easter dinner, and they were amazing!!! Thanks for sharing.
Robin E On Monday, April 21 at 12:22 pm
I just wanted to say that I tried your ham glaze yesterday and it was delicious. We even did a whole ham this year instead of a half. Thank you for the great ideas! Happy belated Easter everyone.
a On Monday, April 21 at 12:29 pm
I sprinkle with curry, i bet old bay in addition to paprika is good too.
Charlotte Moore On Monday, April 21 at 12:32 pm
No boiled or deviled eggs for me. Can't even stand to smell them.
Kerry On Monday, April 21 at 12:35 pm
I actually made your Basic Deviled Eggs from your Year of Holidays cookbook for Easter lunch with my family yesterday! They were a great success–all of them were devoured! I blogged about it here: http://kerrycogan.blogspot.com/2014/04/basic-deviled-eggs-pioneer-woman-cooks.html
Cheryl B On Monday, April 21 at 12:38 pm
For me it's just mayo, s & p. But I get some salad shrimp from the deli/fish market and plop one or two big ones on top of each. YUM!
Georgia Mimi54 On Monday, April 21 at 12:44 pm
My children – now 32 and 28 have always enjoyed deviled eggs but didn't like the crunch or sweet from pickles so I just used mayo, mustard, salt and pepper and still use the same method to this day. My daughter's 4 year old son doesn't like pickles so Mimi continues to make them minus the pickles.
Jani Hale On Monday, April 21 at 12:46 pm
Question – Can I freeze the Scalloped Potatoes and Ham Casserole?
Susan Stark On Monday, April 21 at 12:48 pm
Love to add chopped pistachio nuts to the deviled eggs. Yee haw!
JJ On Monday, April 21 at 12:49 pm
You make yours like I make mine with one exception. I use a little horseradish gives it a little bite & don't start off with too much add to your taste ! And I always use dill pickle relish & juice .
Suzi Hanna On Monday, April 21 at 2:02 pm
My mama taught me to make them with just the pickle juice, no vinegar, but I've done it both ways. Love the tang! I live in OH and no one here uses pickle juice OR vinegar! Can I say 'bland'??
Deb C In MT On Monday, April 21 at 2:17 pm
I put a little horseradish cream in my deviled eggs for some added kick. My son loved them.
Jayne On Monday, April 21 at 2:52 pm
I have to admit, I'm not crazy about deviled eggs. Some of the other recipes I do want to try. They look yummy!
Jackie On Monday, April 21 at 3:06 pm
My children called deviled eggs "church eggs" because I only made them to take to pitch in dinners at church, lol! That was many years ago and they are all grown now. I recently started adding a bit of prepared horseradish to my filling for a little kick. My favorite version are made by a dear lady at church and she adds finely chopped onions to her filling, yum!
Bernie On Monday, April 21 at 3:32 pm
My mom insisted you had to add a few dashes of hot sauce, or they would not truly be "deviled"!
Dee On Monday, April 21 at 3:33 pm
I also add sweet pickle relish, chopped green onion and some garlic salt to mine. I do not add the vinegar.
Cathy On Monday, April 21 at 3:49 pm
My mother and I make deviled eggs the same way. No pickles or pickle juice (ever!). We always add a pinch of hot sauce (only Franks will do) and use only Hellman's mayonnaise. Never Miracle Whip. When my kids were little the deviled eggs were always eaten before anybody else could arrive at the house.
Leslye On Monday, April 21 at 4:07 pm
I'm already planning on making the Easter Leftover Sandwich for tonights dinner because it looks sooo good. Happy day after Easter.
Abigail On Monday, April 21 at 4:23 pm
My mom always made egg salad and deviled eggs with pickle juice and a bit of relish. I didn't have any this year, *gasp* and man were they bland.
Jane On Monday, April 21 at 4:29 pm
I love deviled eggs. I live in New Mexico but come from western NY. We always put horseradish in our deviled eggs. If you don't have any, there is a brand of mustard you can get "back east" that has horse radish in it.
Lindsey @ American Heritage Cooking On Monday, April 21 at 4:33 pm
Sadly I don't have any leftovers Buuutt I would be willing to volunteer to help you with yours! These deviled eggs look so addictively delicious!
annieinokcityy On Monday, April 21 at 4:35 pm
Try sprinkling some chili powder on top along with the paprika. Yummy!
Sheila On Monday, April 21 at 4:43 pm
Your deviled egg recipe (minus pickles) is the one I've been looking for. It's the one my mom always used and the best. Simple, yet delish!! Might try the pickles on half of them . Thanks
Tanya Alice On Monday, April 21 at 4:47 pm
Hope you too had a great Easter! Just want to let you know that I made the egg nests from your new cookbook and the creamy rosemary potatoes from your first book. They were both huge hits! The egg nests were a perfect brunch appetizer when everyone first arrived. Tasty,cute and easy to eat. Everyone LOVED the potatoes! I got many requests to make them again. Thank you so much for making our Easter dinner awesome!
KikilovestocookinSC On Monday, April 21 at 5:18 pm
Come on Ree, we know you must have used Miracle Whip in those darn addictive deviled eggs to make them so delish! (Easter humor!) I actually use a blend of mayo and Miracle Whip plus fine chopped jalapeno and jar juice to make the egg blend so smooth it works perfectly to be piped from a "professional" zip bag. Zesty, man, and so good topped off with the ultimate leftover Cadbury egg….now that's lunch!
Tiffany P On Monday, April 21 at 6:12 pm
I'm sorry but Miracle Whip has a distinct sour type taste-not a fan.
Cyndi Williams On Monday, April 21 at 6:17 pm
Ree: What is your favorite chopping knife?
Glenda On Monday, April 21 at 6:17 pm
This is my first post… First off. I LOVE your show, I hate when I have to go out on Sunday morning and have to miss it. About your devilled eggs, I make my own hot mustard and add that to it, gives them a kick and nobody can match them.
CW On Monday, April 21 at 6:19 pm
This has nothing to do with this post, but when I saw this comedy sketch I thought of you, as you often talk of "demonic" bananas: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZtRL6R03ZDc
Marci Wallace On Monday, April 21 at 6:25 pm
I used to have a coworker that would bring her leftover deviled eggs in and put them on two slices of bread and eat them just like an egg salad sandwich. I always thought that was such a great idea, but we never have any leftover deviled eggs in our house!
AnnCam7 On Monday, April 21 at 6:45 pm
YUM! Thanks for sharing deviled egg recipe. I am always looking for a new way to ZIP! these UP and I think pickle relish may do the trick! HINT- I found using a melon-baller scooper is the PERFECT size of yolk mash (as I call it) to scoop into the egg white. Easier and faster than messing with a baggie.
Evan's Mama On Monday, April 21 at 6:47 pm
I make my eggs in a Ziplock baggie. I just dump everything in the bag, seal it, and mash everything up! After that, I cut the corner of the bag off and pipe it in the eggs from there. Totally mess free! It's one of my favorite kitchen shortcuts.
J.S. @ Sun Diego Eats On Monday, April 21 at 6:49 pm
The deviled eggs would be delicious with some of that leftover ham too
Shirley Smith On Monday, April 21 at 7:22 pm
Wonderful! Would love to receive your postings!! Thanks!
Tami Baitz On Monday, April 21 at 7:36 pm
I made your mashed potatoes with cream cheese yesterday for Easter lunch. They were delicious with brisket!!
donna s On Monday, April 21 at 8:22 pm
Make our deviled eggs the same way. Sometimes, add couple shakes of granulated onion. Easy way to mash the eggs — use the pastry blender! Breaks up the eggs, faster, add other ingredients & mix. (we use the pastry blender to mash up eggs for egg salad, too )
Jennifer E. On Monday, April 21 at 8:31 pm
Made a revised version of the potatoes yesterday. My husband smoked a brisket and I didn't feel like making potato salad. We ate the leftovers tonight. Really good stuff! Thanks for the idea.
Diane On Tuesday, April 22 at 6:02 am
Ree, what about ham salad with a little chopped hard boiled egg added? That's what I whipped up in my food processor for lunch yesterday and rolled up in flat bread with a healthy helping of red leaf lettuce! Delicious Easter leftovers.
Rebekah {aCricketSang} On Tuesday, April 22 at 7:23 am
Great looking left overs!
Mary Frances On Tuesday, April 22 at 9:13 am
I hate when food goes to waste so it's great to see ideas for using leftovers!
Elena On Tuesday, April 22 at 9:32 am
Kitchens great!!
Stephanie M. On Tuesday, April 22 at 11:09 am
Made the deviled eggs last night!! They were delicious!!!
krep On Tuesday, April 22 at 11:16 am
I never added pickles to my deviled eggs before, what a FABULOUS inclusion… My Gram makes her macaroni salad with pickle juice and I love it, so I thought I'd try it with deviled eggs… Didn't see your recipe until after I made my version… Spot on Ree… GREAT MINDS THINK ALIKE
Pam On Tuesday, April 22 at 11:29 am
Favorite meal from leftover ham; Hamloaf! Ahhhhhmazing!
Sherri S On Tuesday, April 22 at 12:46 pm
I made 9 dozen hard boiled eggs (216 Halves) and deviled 5 dozen (120 halves) for a Church breakfast on Sunday. NO LEFTOVERS HERE.