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A surveillance camera system comprises a spherical housing that has a partially transparent lower, hemispherically shaped gold coated dome with a geometric center. A camera mount is mounted in the housing for panning movements about a vertical pan axis and tilting movement about a horizontal tilt axis. A video camera is mounted to the camera mount and electric motors are mounted for panning and tilting the mount and camera. A computer and control circuit is mounted to the camera mount and coupled to actuate the electric motors to orient the camera and to actuate the camera zoom and focus as well as to enhance the camera's video image with descriptive word captions. The computer is programmed for automatic or manual operation of the system. A rotary electric connector is mounted to the housing and connects the on board computer with a joystick and control unit for issuing instructions to the computer and connects the camera to an ancillary video display.
1. In a surveillance camera system of the type having a video camera mounted for orientational movement about pan and tilt axes and electrically connected to a video monitor, a method of controlling the orientation of the camera for automated surveillance with said method comprising the steps of:
(a) defining and storing at least two orientations of the camera within its surveillance area with each orientation comprising a pan position and a tilt position of the camera;
(b) defining and storing a descriptive word captain corresponding to each of the camera orientations defined in step (a);
(c) selecting one of the camera orientations defined in step (a);
(d) moving the camera about the pan axis in a direction toward the pan position of the selected camera orientation;
(e) moving the camera about the tilt axis in a direction toward the tilt position of the selected camera orientation;
(f) terminating camera movement when its pan and tilt position equals those of the selected camera orientation;
(g) enhancing the video signal from the camera with the descriptive word caption corresponding to the selected camera orientation and displaying the enhanced video image on the video monitor;
(h) dwelling a predetermined length of time; and
(i) go to step (c), and
wherein steps (c) through (i) are performed by a computerized control means mounted with the video camera.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein step (d) further comprises calculating the shortest pan arc from the present pan position of the camera to the pan position of the selected camera orientation and wherein the camera is moved toward the selected pan position along the arc thus calculated.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the camera is moved about the pan and tilt axes at a rate of at least 75 degrees per second.
4. The method of claim 1 further comprising the steps of defining a camera zoom and focus setting corresponding to each orientation defined in step (a) and further including the step of adjusting the camera zoom and focus to equal the zoom and focus settings corresponding to the selected camera orientation as the camera moves to the selected orientation.
5. The method of claim 1 further comprising the steps of defining and storing a camera orientation and zoom and focus settings corresponding to an alarmed event and wherein following step (h), determining if the alarm has been actuated and, if so, moving the camera to the orientation corresponding to the event while adjusting the camera zoom and focus to the settings corresponding to the event.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the computerized control means is addressable from a remote location through remote control means and wherein steps (a) and (b) are performed by an operator through said remote control means.
7. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of enhancing the video signal from the camera as the camera is moved to a selected orientation with a message indicative that the camera is en route to the selected orientation.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein step (b) further includes defining and storing a desired pan and tilt traverse time corresponding to each of the camera orientations defined in step (a) and where in steps (d) and (e) the camera is moved at rates that will result in pan and tilt traverse times equal to those defined in step (b).
9. In a surveillance camera system of the type having a video camera mounted for orientational movement about pan and tilt axes by manual manipulations of a control joystick and being connected to a video monitor, a method of indicating camera orientations to an operator comprising the steps of:
(a) defining and storing at least one pan range and at least one tilt range with said ranges intersecting to define an orientational window within the camera's surveillance area;
(b) assigning a descriptive word caption corresponding to the window defined in step (a);
(c) as the camera is moved within its surveillance area, comparing its pan and tilt position with the pan and tilt ranges defined in step (a); and
(d) if the camera's pan and tilt position falls within the intersection of the ranges defined in step (a), enhancing the video signal from the camera with the descriptive word caption assigned in step (b).
This application is a continuation of co-pending application Ser. No. 07/556,903, filed Jul. 23, 1990, which is a divisional of application Ser. No. 07/391,173, filed Aug. 9, 1989, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,945,367, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 163,257, filed Mar. 2, 1988, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,918,473.
The present invention relates to domed surveillance camera systems of the type that have encapsulated cameras mounted hidden from view and orientationally controllable by operators from remote locations through a computerized control system mounted with the camera.
Today, remote controlled surveillance camera systems are commonly employed as a security measure. The cameras are normally used to generate a video image of an area under surveillance that is displayed to and/or recorded for use by security personnel. In some cases, cameras are mounted to a wall or to a ceiling structure where they may be observed by people within the area under surveillance. In other cases the cameras are hidden from view as by being placed behind one-way mirror domes or the like to avoid creating an objectionable presence to an honest person and to make it difficult for or to worry creating an objectionable presence to an honest person and to make it difficult for or to worry potential wrongdoers by making it impossible for them to locate the cameras and to see where they are directed.
Surveillance camera systems of the types just described have had several problems and limitations associated with their use. For example, where the cameras have been located within domes that move in unison with cameras, they have not been successfully used outdoors due to adherence to, and accumulation of, snow and ice which tends to freeze the moving parts. In addition, moving domes have been virtually impossible to seal against entry into the dome of airborne particulates and insects which tend to contaminate the camera and its associated electronics. Moisture condensation within the dome can also be a problem with such systems. Even indoors, movements of the dome may be visually detected which is undesirable for discreet surveillance.
Maintenance of cameras in domes and other enclosures has been difficult and time consuming as the camera mount mechanism commonly is firmly secured within the dome and the associated control electronics, usually comprising a receiver box for receiving orientation control signals from a remote location and translating same into pan/tilt/zoom camera functions, often has been remotely located, such as above a suspended ceiling.
Surveillance cameras of the prior art also have operated in operator selectable automatic pan modes in order to provide full, continuous coverage of areas of surveillance. Generally, such cameras have been of the continuous scan type which pan or oscillate through an arc continuously at a fixed speed until stopped by an operator. Some such cameras have been incapable of full 360 degree movement and instead are mounted to actuate limit switches that border ends of arcuate paths of camera travel which reverse the direction of camera panning movement. Such continuous panning results in a constantly moving image on a video monitor which can have a hypnotizing effect on guards or other persons responsible for watching such monitors. Many activities within the camera field-of-view can thus go undetected.
Where manual controls of such cameras have been provided, the cameras have tended not to produce smooth, continuous images when operated at pan and tilt rates above about 10 degrees per second. This is because abrupt, manually controlled movements have tended to cause the cameras to wobble and vibrate, particularly where the cameras are brought to a halt as when a security guard identifies an area of interest and wishes to direct the camera in that direction for a period of time. For this reason, most camera movement control systems have been limited to pan and tilt rates of about 12 degrees or less per second. This limitation in camera movement rate can render prior art systems unsatisfactory in many situations such as when a guard is alerted to an unauthorized entry and wishes to direct the camera toward the entrance. By the time (usually several seconds) that the camera is able to pan and point in the direction of the entry, the intruder usually has moved away and thus entered undetected. A more desirable rate would correspond to an average turning rate of a human head (about 90 degrees per second) in order to detect and track fleeting events or targets.
Another problem with prior art systems that pan at fixed speeds has been their inability to track smoothly objects of varying speed or objects moving obliquely relative to the camera's optical axis. In these situations, it has been necessary to jog the cameras pan and tilt positions intermittently to point the camera just ahead of the moving object allowing the object to move through the camera's field of view prior to another such anticipatory jog.
It thus is seen that a need exists for a surveillance camera system that can be centrally located indoors and outdoors, and which is capable of continuous 360 degree panning movement for scanning a surveillance area, and which has panning and tilting rates much higher than those to which prior art systems have been limited. Such a system would further be capable of easily controllable variable pan and tilt rates for tracking variable speed or obliquely moving objects. Also, it would be desirable for the camera to be programmable to move automatically and quickly from one fixed scene to another and to be manually controllable if desired in a smooth manner at high rates without the camera jerking, wobbling and producing unsteady images during accelerations and decelerations.
It would be desirable to render the camera hidden from view without sacrifice in video quality of images produced by the camera or restricting the cameras pan and tilt movement ranges. Further, it would be desirable to provide such a camera in a compact, stationery dome type housing, with the dome having an aesthetically pleasing configuration, and with the camera and its associated control electronics being readily accessible and easily removable as a unit from its housing for maintenance. Finally, such a camera system preferably would include a programmable computer and control circuit mounted with the camera for operating the camera system in various preprogrammed modes for automatic surveillance.
It is to the provision of such a surveillance camera system, therefore, that the present invention is primarily directed.
A surveillance camera system comprises a generally spherical partially transparent dome housing that includes a stationary mounting plate supported in the upper portion thereof. A camera mount is adapted to support a video camera for panning movements about a pan axis and tilting movements about a tilt axis that transverses the pan axis. The camera mount includes a connector plate that is configured along with the housing mounting plate to define a quick release bayonet-type connector system for quickly and releasably mounting the camera mount to the mounting plate within the housing.
A video camera is mounted on the camera mount and electric motor means are configured to pan and tilt the mount and camera. A computerized electronic control circuit is supported on the camera mount and is operatively coupled to control the electric motor means to orient the camera and to control the camera's zoom, focus and iris settings in response to preprogrammed or manual commands. Rotary electric coupling means such as a slip ring assembly or the like including electric connector means are provided for connecting the camera and computer with an ancillary video display and for connecting the computer and control circuit to a remote control means for issuing instructions to the computer which, in turn, controls camera movement, focus, zoom and iris in response to the instructions. The rotary coupling means allows continuous 360 degree panning movement of the camera and mount.
FIG. 1 is an exploded, side elevational view of a surveillance camera system embodying principles of the invention in a preferred form.
FIG. 2 is a diagrammatical view of the electrical connections of components of the surveillance camera system illustrated in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of the interconnections of components of the system through the slip ring rotary connector.
FIG. 4 is a diagrammatical view showing camera orientation within the housing.
FIG. 5 is an exploded view of the camera mount and upper housing illustrating the quick disconnect bayonet mount.
FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of a portion of the quick disconnect mount showing the spring loaded connecting pin and corresponding slot.
FIG. 7 is a functional flow chart illustrating a preferred programmed method of generating an automatic target vectoring file.
FIG. 8 is a functional flow chart illustrating a preferred programmed method of defining and assigning captions to surveillance area windows.
FIG. 9 is a functional flow chart illustrating a preferred programmed method of operation of the system in its automatic surveillance mode.
With reference next to the drawings, in which like numerals represent like parts throughout the several views, a domed surveillance camera system is illustrated which includes a generally spherical camera housing provided by an upper hemispherical dome 11 and a lower hemispherical dome 12. The lower dome 12 is formed of a clear plastic substrate the interior of which is vacuum metalized with a thin layer of gold or similar reflective material sufficient to transmit into the housing approximately 32% of the light incident of the dome with approximately 68% of the light being reflected. The upper dome 11 is also metalized and is further coated on its inside with black paint to render it opaque. The result is a spherical housing with a one-way mirrored lower portion through which a video camera within the housing can survey surrounding areas while being undetectable from outside the housing. The lower dome 12 is releasably fastened to the upper dome 11 by means of a set of four interlocking tabs 13 that may be rotary positioned onto mating supports about the lower rim 14 of the upper dome.
The upper dome 11 includes a combination hanging and mounting structure 15 which has a central body portion 19 integrally cast with the upper dome from which a threaded tubular neck 16 upwardly extends. Secured to the bottom of the central body portion 19 is a disk shaped metal mounting plate 18 from which depends a set of spring loaded quick disconnect pins 48 for releasably securing the camera mount 20 within the housing as described more fully below.
The surveillance camera system further includes a camera mount indicated generally at 20 which is releasably mountable to the mounting plate 18 within the upper dome 11. The camera mount comprises an inverted U-shaped fork 21 which tiltably supports a U-shaped camera receiving platform or saddle 22 adapted to pivot about a line extending through its points of attachment 33. The fork 21 is rotatably suspended from a disk shaped sun gear 58 to the top of which is affixed a larger disk shaped mounting plate 59. The plate 59 includes slots 64 (FIG. 5) positioned and configured to align and lockingly engage with the depending spring loaded pins 48 of the plate 18 upon juxtaposition and rotation of the mounting plates 59 and 18 as detailed below.
An electric motor 24 is mounted to the ceiling of the fork 21 and has a planetary gear 25 secured to its drive shaft and placed in mesh with the sun gear 58. Another electric motor 27 is mounted to the saddle 22 and has a planetary gear 28 in mesh with a half sun gear 29 that is rigidly secured to the fork 21. With this configuration, operation of the electric motor 24 causes the mount 20 to rotate about a vertical pan axis that extends through the center of the spherical housing and along the axis of the threaded neck 16 when the camera mount 21 is mounted within the housing. Operation of the other motor 27 causes the platform 22 to pivot or tilt about a horizontal axis that transverses both the pan axis and the optical axis of a camera mounted on the platform 22. The intersection of these axes is preferably located just beneath the center of the spherical housing when the camera mount is mounted within the housing for unobstructed view through the lower transparent dome at horizontal tilt orientations of the camera.
The surveillance camera system further includes a video camera 30 such as model DE-3112 CCD camera sold by Diamond Electronics, Inc. The camera 30 includes a lens assembly 32 having controllable lens zoom, focus and iris functions. A CCD video sensor 31 is mounted to the rear of the lens assembly 32 at its focal plane and a camera electronics package 35 for converting sensed images to video signals is mounted to the top of the lens assembly 32. The lens assembly 32 has an optical axis 43 and is mounted upon the platform 22 with its optical axis 43 intersecting the pan axis and transversing tilt axis of the camera mount. In this way, the camera optical axis remains normal to the surface of the lower dome 12 in all possible pan and tilt orientations of the camera. Further, the center of gravity of the camera 30 and lens assembly 32 is preferably coincident with the intersection of the pan and tilt axis such that the camera and lens assembly is kinematically balanced for rapid pan and tilt movement rates.
The video camera 30 is conventionally provided with power terminals for connecting the camera with electrical power and with video output terminals for outputting the camera's video signals. As illustrated in FIG. 3, the video camera is connected through the computer and control circuit 61 and, in turn, through the rotary connector 39 to a source of electrical power. The video output signal of the camera passes through a graphics electronics portion of the computer and control circuit 61 which may enhance the video signal by adding descriptive word captions to the video image as detailed below prior to passing the video signal on to a video display through the rotary connector.
The computer and control circuit 61 is mounted to and movable with the camera mount and is operatively coupled to the pan and tilt motors 24 and 27 to control pan and tilt functions of the camera and also operatively coupled to the zoom, focus, and iris controls of the camera lens assembly for control of lens functions. In this way, the pan, tilt, zoom, focus and iris functions of the system are all directly controllable by the on board computer and control circuit 61.
As illustrated in FIG. 3, the computer and control circuit 61 is electrically connected through the rotary connector 39 for exchange of data with a hand held joystick keyboard transmitter controller 42. The controller 42 includes a conventional joystick 62 (FIG. 2) capable of omnidirectional X-Y axis movement. The joystick 62 has a rotatable knob-like upper portion 60 mounted to actuate internal potentiometers whose resistance is indicative of the rotary position of the knob. In the preferred embodiment, when the system is operated in its manual mode, the camera's pan and tilt movement are controlled by X-Y movement of the joystick knob 60 while zoom functions of the lens assembly are controlled by rotary movement of the knob-like upper portion of the joystick. Focus and iris functions are manually controlled by switches mounted on the controller 42. Further, pan and tilt movement rates of the camera are proportional to the magnitude of X-Y movement of the joystick. In this way, the camera can be moved slowly to track slow moving objects, quickly to move to a desired scene or variably to track variable speed objects such as persons moving obliquely relative to the camera's optical axis.
A visual display 34 (FIG. 2) is also included on the controller/transmitter 42 for displaying status and prompt messages to a user of the surveillance system. The keypad 63 can be used to key in instructions and directions to the on-board computer control circuit 61 which is programmed to respond to the instructions to control the surveillance system in a desired way. In a preferred embodiment, data is processed by both the controller/transmitter 42 and the on board computer and exchanged through a serial data interface. Data can also be transmitted to the computer from alarmed events such as the opening of a door or from other means such as interpolative data from a point of sale cash register interface, to control camera functions in response thereto.
The computer is preferably preprogrammed for various automatic operation modes such as, for example, automatic target vectoring, wherein the camera is moved by the on-board computer in a predetermined order and at predetermined speeds to a series of preset pan, tilt, zoom and focus settings at which the camera dwells for predetermined dwell times. The operator can instruct the computer to execute a file corresponding to one of its automatic operation sequences by issuing a corresponding instruction through the keypad 63. Optionally, the computer can be instructed through the keypad 63 to receive X-Y axis orientation signals as well as zoom and focus signals from the joystick and to orient the camera accordingly. In this way, the pan, tilt, zoom and focus of the camera system can be operated manually if desired through appropriate manipulations of the joystick.
As shown in FIG. 4, the center of gravity of the camera 30 is located on or very close to the intersection of the vertical pan axis and horizontal tilt axis. These axes are also located so as to intersect at or close to the center of the spherical housing when the camera and camera mount are secured therein. With this configuration, the housing diameter required to accommodate the full range of movement of the camera and mount is minimized such that the smallest possible dome can be used. Further, with this configuration, the camera's optical axis 43 is always oriented substantially normal to the surface of the dome 12 regardless of the camera's orientation with respect to the pan and tilt axes. This serves to minimize some generated image refractions which tend to impede optical quality of the image transmitted to the camera.
For operation, the upper dome may be suspended from a room ceiling or pendant mount via the threaded neck 16, the camera mount 20 attached, and electrical connections established through the rotary connector 39 (FIG. 5) via pin connector 73. The camera may then be operated so as to scan an area under surveillance located beneath and about it. As this is done the camera is hidden from view since only a reflective ball-like object, or dome in a false ceiling version, is viewable by people in the surveillance area.
Should an operator, such as a security guard, see an activity of possible interest to him on his video monitor screen, he may place the system in its manual mode and orient the camera by operation of the joystick and then zoom into the area of interest for magnified viewing. In doing so, the displacement of the stick from its zero point is proportional to the speed of camera movement as discussed above.
With the center of gravity of the camera located closely adjacent the intersection of the pan and tilt axes, high speed camera movements can be made and the camera brought to rather abrupt halts quite smoothly with imperceivable wobbling actions developed by camera and camera mount momentum. Thus, the CCD camera, with its unique modular configuration and mounting, is kinematically balanced with movement rates of at least 75 degrees per second achieved.
The central location of the camera within a spherically or at least a hemispherically-shaped housing dome also provides for a compact unit. The semi-transparent, unidirectional coating of the dome, in combination with the normal directing of the camera optical axis onto the lower dome in all camera orientations, further provides for high quality, low distortion video imaging by the camera while it remains hidden form view from ambience within a stationery housing. The unique multiple-use of the rotary electrical connector and the on-board mounting configuration of the computer and control circuit, in combination with the quick disconnect provided by the specially configured mounting plates, provides for continuous, panning in either direction and enables the camera system to be removed quickly and easily.
Referring in particular to FIGS. 5 and 6, which illustrate the quick disconnect feature, the housing 11 is seen to have a mounting plate 18 from which depends a set of pins 48 arranged in a circular array. Each pin 48 has a shank 69 fixed at one end to the plate 18 and a head 70 formed on the distal end of the shank 69. A washer 71 is mounted about the shank 69 and is yieldably spring biased toward engagement with the head 70 by a compression spring 72.
The lower mounting plate 59 of the camera mount has formed therein a set of generally arcuate slots 64 that are positioned to align with the pins 48 upon juxtaposition of the mounting plates 18 and 59. Each slot has a central portion 66 having a width greater than the diameter of a pin shank and less than the diameter of a corresponding pin head. A circular opening 67 is formed at one end of the slot 64 and is sized to pass the pin head 70 therethrough. A circular depression 68 is formed in the mounting plate 59 at the other end of the slot 64 and is sized to receive the pin head in locking nestled relationship.
The just described configuration forms a spring loaded bayonet-type mount which permits quick and easy mounting and dismounting of the camera mount, camera, lens and electronics as a unit for replacement or repair. In particular, to install the camera mount within the housing, the mount is moved upwardly into the housing with the mounting plates 18 and 59 approaching juxtaposition and with the pin heads 70 aligned with the openings 67. As the mounting plates move toward engagement, the pin heads 70 move through the openings 67 while the washers 71 engage and bear against the upper surface of the plate 59 causing the springs 72 to compress.
When the pin head has cleared the opening 67, the camera mount and plate 59 are simply rotated to move the pin shank 69 through the central portion of the slot and to the distal end thereof. At this location, the force applied to the mounting plate 59 by the springs 72 and washers 71 and the force of gravity urge the plate 59 downwardly such that the pin head 70 drops into and nestles within the depression 68. The plates 59 and 18 are thus securely locked together. The camera mount is easily removed from the housing by applying upward force to the mount to dislodge the pin heads from the depressions and rotating the mount in the opposite direction until the pin head can pass back through the opening 67. It can be seen that this configuration forms a convenient quick release mount. In the event that the unit should require service, the defective camera, mount and computer control circuit are all removed together by disconnection of the bayonet mount. A replacement unit can then be installed all within a very short time such that virtually no down time results from required repair of a defective unit.
FIGS. 7 through 9 illustrate methods that can be programmed into the computer and control circuit for controlling the surveillance camera system in a preferred way, particularly for automated surveillance. FIG. 7 illustrates such a method of defining to the computer a set of camera pan and tilt orientations, zoom and focus settings to which the camera can be moved by the computer in a predetermined sequence and speed for automated surveillance. The set of camera settings thus defined is called an automatic target vectoring file and several such files can be defined and saved within the computer depending on available memory. According to the functional flow chart illustrated in FIG. 7, when it is desired to define and save a target vectoring file, an operator first instructs the on-board computer to place the system in its manual control mode wherein camera orientation, zoom and focus are controlled through appropriate manipulations of the joystick 62. The camera is then directed manually to a scene of interest such as, for example, the jewelry counter of a department store in which the surveillance camera system may be installed. The operator then adjusts the camera zoom and focus until the desired scene is displayed on the video monitor and instructs the on-board computer, through appropriate keypad entries, to save the camera orientation and settings as a "preshot" and an identifying number or label is assigned through keypad entries to the preshot for future reference. Further, a descriptive word caption as well as a desired traverse time from the previous preshot to this preshot is assigned to the preshot and stored for later use. This procedure is repeated until all desired preshots have been defined and saved. A group of preshots is then identified with a sequence number with a dwell time being assigned to each preshot of the group. The group as a whole is then saved within the computer as a target vectoring file. This procedure can be repeated as necessary to define and save additional target vectoring files for future access and execution as described in detail below.
The desired traverse time assigned to each preshot is used by the on-board computer to calculate the speed at which the pan and tilt motors should be operated and the zoom and focus adjusted in order for the camera to reach the corresponding preshot from the previous preshot in the assigned traverse time. This can be used to produce valuable surveillance transitions between preshots. One preshot, for example, might be chosen to orient the camera at one end of an isle while the subsequent preshot chosen to orient the camera at the other end. The traverse time corresponding to the second preshot can then be chosen to move the camera slowly along the isle from the first to the second preshot so that the operator can survey the isle during preshot transition.
FIG. 8 illustrates a preferred programmed method of defining within the surveillance area a number of pan and tilt position "windows" to which descriptive word captions can be assigned and presented as an enhancement of the image displayed on the video monitor when the camera is directed within the window. A window bordering the jewelry department, for example, might be defined and assigned the caption "JEWELRY DEPARTMENT" while a window bordering the sportswear department might be assigned the caption "SPORTSWEAR DEPARTMENT", the appropriate caption being displayed along with the video image when the camera is pointing within the corresponding department. It can be seen that this method is useful to an operator, especially one unfamiliar with the numerous scenes being displayed and constantly changing in a multiple camera system, allowing instant "on-the-fly" identification of and familiarity with said scenes under surveillance.
As illustrated in FIG. 8, an operator, using the joystick and keypad, inputs to the computer the pan limits and the tilt limits of a portion of the surveillance area with these limits intersecting to define the generally rectangular window therein. Preferably, the limits will correspond to the boundaries of a particular scene such as a particular department within a store. While such limits can be entered in various ways, it is preferred that the on-board computer and control circuit be instructed to display pan and tilt positions corresponding to azimuth and elevation coordinates in degrees on the video monitor whereupon the camera can be moved through manipulation of the joystick to each of the window boundaries and the pan and tilt angles corresponding thereto noted and entered by the operator. Once a window has been so defined, it is assigned a corresponding descriptive word caption and saved with its caption in the computer. Other windows can be defined, captioned and saved in this same manner for use as described below.
FIG. 9 illustrates a preferred method of computer controlled operation of the surveillance camera system in its automatic surveillance mode wherein the camera is moved by the on-board computer and control circuit sequentially to each preshot in a predefined target vectoring file. The method is, of course, performed by a computer program within the on-board computer that actuates the pan and tilt control motors 24 and 27 and the camera zoom and focus adjustments through the electronic control circuit as illustrated in FIG. 3. The program first interrogates the keypad to determine if a valid command has been entered. If so, the command is analyzed and the selected function performed. If the command indicates that the operator wishes the system to enter its automatic surveillance mode, the operator is prompted by the computer through a query appearing selectively on the video monitor in the form of a transparent video message and on the alpha/numeric display 34 to enter the identifying number or label of a predefined and stored target vectoring file containing sequences of preshots. Upon such entry, the designated target vectoring file is accessed from memory by the computer and the pan/tilt positions of the first preshot within the file is read. The shortest pan arc from the present camera pan position to the pan position designated by this preshot is calculated as well as the speed at which the pan motor must be operated to achieve the pan traverse time corresponding to the preshot. The camera is moved toward such position at such speed along the calculated arc while simultaneously being moved along the tilt axis toward the designated tilt position at a corresponding calculated tilt speed. At the same time, the camera zoom and focus settings are set to those of the preshot such that the camera zoom and focus will be properly adjusted when the preshot is reached. Since the camera tilt range is between zero degrees (horizontally oriented) to 90 degrees (vertically oriented) and not the full 360 degrees of the pan range, it is unnecessary to calculate and move the camera along a shortest path to the designated tilt position.
As the camera is being moved toward its next preshot, the video image therefrom is enhanced with an informative message such as "GOING TO PRESHOT A" to indicate to the operator the current status of the system. In this way, the operator remains constantly aware of the camera's "en route" destination as it moves from one preshot to another. This movement toward the preshot and caption display is continued until the pan, tilt, zoom and focus of the camera equals that of the preshot whereupon descriptive word caption enhancement can be changed to read for example, "DOCKED AT PRESHOT A" and the system dwells for the preassigned dwell time for this preshot. If, after dwelling, no command has been entered by the operator and no alarm has been activated, the next preshot settings are read from the target vectoring file and the camera moved thereto as previously described. The camera thus continues to move from preshot to preshot in the automatic surveillance mode of the system with preshot scenes being identified with descriptive word captions until a command is entered or an alarm activated.
If a command is entered, the automatic surveillance mode is terminated and control returned to the command interrogation portion of the program as illustrated in FIG. 9. If an alarm has been activated such as by the opening of a jewelry case or door, the automatic surveillance mode is also terminated and the camera is moved at maximum velocity to its predefined pan and tilt orientation and zoom and focus settings corresponding to the alarm where it dwells until otherwise instructed by the operator through the keypad. The activation of an alarm, therefore, discontinues the auto surveillance mode and orients the camera to survey the alarmed area for monitoring thereof. Since the system is kinematically balanced, as described above, such can be done at very high pan and tilt slew rates such that the event actuating the alarm, such as an unauthorized intruder, can be detected and observed while the event is still in progress. This represents a particular advantage over prior art systems whose fixed slew rates are limited to a few degrees per second so that events are often over by the time the camera is able to slew to observe them.
The invention has been described in terms of preferred embodiments and implementations. It will be obvious to skilled artisans that many modifications might be made to these embodiments. Variations of the specific computer program steps might, for example, be possible as well as various configurations of the camera and mount configurations. These and other modifications may be possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the claims.
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Universalism teaches that Jesus died for all people and that all will eventually be saved. It also teaches that if someone rejects Christ in this life, he can accept Jesus in the next one, even if he is a horrible person who severely blasphemed God. The danger with this is that based on this principle in universalism, someone could adopt an attitude of complacency who would then choose to live a life of sin and rebellion and wait until the afterlife to become a true believer -- even if there is some "purification" involved in the afterlife. The obvious problem is that if universalism is wrong and the person hopes to be saved in the next life, he'll face an eternity of hell instead of heaven. This is an inherent weakness in Universalism.
Reverend G... Those folks who were hedonists? As Christians, we love Jesus and hate sin because of the Spirit in us. We may fall into sin... but we don't preach sin or hedonism as Christians. Faith in election, by born-again Christians, produces love and grace and holiness through intimacy in relationship with a God we don't fear is going to throw us into hell because we mess up.Faith in God's unchanging love produces good fruit.So does UR in born-again Christians. We draw closer to a God of Perfect Love.Believing in God's Love makes saints more saintly in their behavior. The doctrine of election does not produce evil fruit in the hearts of true believers, imo. But hedonism is always the belief system of those who do not know God. Who knows?? UR may make hedonists - even more so - out of the reprobate. But that doesn't mean it's a bad doctrine or produces bad fruit in the elect. IT will produce perfect love in the elect, imo.How people respond to a doctrine is evidence of their own inward condition: saved or unsaved, imo.Just a note. I wouldn't want people to think we reformed believers (and UR believers) are hedonists as the result of believing in God's grace, love and sovereign power to save believers by His grace and mercy and Jesus alone. It's the love of God that lifted me!! :)Grace and peace,


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Too small but nice color
The blue is a very pretty color and the fabric felt very nice and soft. However, it seemed to run small. The torso seemed short so the straps pulled a lot on my shoulders. The chest was too small for me too but also bunched up weird at the same time. Would have been a great suit except for the awkward fit.
Fit: Feels too small
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great swimsuit
Neck tie doesn't come undone and provides good support in the cups, low back looks nice, fabric is very soft.
Fit: Feels true to size
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Skye™ swimwear's core philosophy is to provide the modern woman with elegant, contemporary swimwear that appeals to her personal style and body type. Skye believes that with a comfortable fit, a woman can find her ideal suit. Skye specializes in conforming to every shape and size, including women's D-cup and up.
Skye believes that every woman's body is beautiful just the way it is; its suits are designed to compliment and enhance natural curves and various figures. With a variety of coverage alternatives, a woman can find the style that fits her particular tastes.
All of the swimwear is made with high-quality materials that feel soft and silky against the skin. Vibrant solids embrace unique prints with lavish embellishments, adding extra glamour and sophistication to each piece. Skye is designed for women of all ages and sizes with a variety of colors and cuts, to fit every shape.


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Peter Tatchell says vote Green
"Sian Berry, the Green Party's London Mayoral candidate, is the best
hope for London's LGBT community," said Peter Tatchell, human rights
campaigner and Green Party parliamentary candidate for Oxford East.
"She's got the best policies by far," added Mr Tatchell.
"The Greens are the only party that officially endorses the repeal of
the ban on same-sex marriage. All the other parties back the ban,
which is homophobic and discriminatory.
"Sian has spoken out against 'murder music' which advocates the
killing of gays and lesbians. She wants police action against record
companies, stores, concert venues and radio stations that promote
incitements to murder LGBT people.
"She will use her position as Mayor to campaign for refugee status to
be granted to LGBT people fleeing persecution in homophobic countries
like Jamaica, Iran, Uganda, Sudan, Nigeria, Iraq and Saudi Arabia.
"Sian is backing mayoral funding for the Proud Heritage LGBT museum
project, and for the gay football world cup in London in August. She
also wants funding for Pride London to be on a par with the funding
for St Patrick's Day and the anti-racist Rise festival.
"The Greens also have a range of progressive policies on transport,
housing, crime and culture that will benefit all Londoners – gay and
"Sian Berry is different from the other mayoral hopefuls. She's blonde
like Boris, but that's where the similarities start and end. First,
she's a woman in a field of candidates that is almost entirely male.
Second, aged 33, she is by far the youngest mayoral contender – a
young fresh spirit in a contest overcrowded with tired middle-aged
"While age and gender are not sufficient reasons to vote for a
candidate, wouldn't it be wonderful for the Mayor of London to be a
young woman? London is a youthful city and half the population is
female. It's time for change. Sian is the face and politics of the
"More importantly, she is the most progressive candidate, with the
best policies on housing, transport, crime, jobs and equal
opportunities, as well as on the environment and on LGBT rights.
"Unlike Ken Livingstone, Sian won't cosy up to big business and she
never defended Sir Iain Blair over the shooting of Jean Charles de
Menezes at Stockwell tube station. She wants an end to the
Metropolitan Police policy of "shoot-to-kill" terrorist suspects;
believing that deliberately killing people merely suspected of
involvement in terrorist plots is a threat to civil liberties and the
right to life, and is tantamount to authorising summary execution.
"Of all the candidates, Sian is the only one with a serious,
comprehensive programme to combat climate chaos. But her greenery is
not by compulsion and diktat. She will encourage and empower Londoners
to go green, with free insulation for every home that needs it, which
will save energy, reduce London's carbon foot-print, and cut fuels
bills to the financial benefit of householders. She's also aiming for
the installation of solar electricity and heating on 100,000 London
business and residential roofs by 2015.
"Far from being a one-issue Green, Sian has put social inclusion and
social justice at the heart of her campaign, with a commitment to a
London minimum wage of £7.20 per hour, a 20p cut in bus and off-peak
tube fares, and a goal of ensuring that 60% of all new-build housing
is affordable. That's why so many disillusioned Labour voters are
flocking to the Greens – we now represent the hopes and values that
Gordon Brown has abandoned.
"Sian's agenda combines idealism with pragmatism. She is expressing a
positive vision of what London could be but, at the same time, her
feet are firmly on the ground – both radical and realistic.
"Sian would be a breath of fresh air at City Hall. She exudes
principles and integrity, with a lovely, warm-hearted, open
personality. There isn't a trace of arrogance or dogmatism about her.
She's a good listener and ready to change her mind if the situation
and evidence requires it. Those are the qualities we need in a London
"I have campaigned with Sian. Her friendly, engaging manner goes down
well with the public. If she could meet every Londoner, most would
warm to her. She'd win the Mayoral election hands down.
"Whatever your politics, use your vote this Thursday, 1 May. The
Chartists and Suffragettes fought hard to win the right to vote. Many
made huge sacrifices. Some went to jail. Don't take democracy for
"Your vote is also vital to help stop the British National Party (BNP)
winning seats. A high turnout will reduce the BNP's share of the vote
and lessen its chances of victory.
"The BNP is still a racist, anti-Semitic, anti-Muslim and homophobic
party. It may have swapped boots for suits, but beneath the new smooth
PR veneer its leaders remain wedded to the same old agenda of hate and
"In the 2004 London elections, the BNP won 4.8% of the vote. It only
needs 5% of the vote to win a seat on the London Assembly. There is a
real danger that the BNP will achieve an electoral breakthrough on 1
May. But we can stop them, if large numbers of Londoners vote for
other parties. Use your vote to sink the BNP," said Mr Tatchell.


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16-Track Analog and Digital Recording
During the Com Building remodel the 16-Track studio will be set up in a temporary facility.
The 16-Track is our advanced analog audio studio. This studio is based on an API 2488 console, Ampex MM1200 16-track 2" tape machine and a ProTools system. It also includes a wide selection of analog and digital signal processors. It has its own recording space including an isolation booth.
The proficiency for this studio is covered in either the "Advanced Audio Production" or the "Multi-track Composition" course. Students working on their own would have to spend at least one academic quarter working in the 8-track studios. For more information contact Zena Vergara at (360) 867-5277 or the Audio intern at (360) 867-5848. Studio use is for academic work only.
Scheduling procedures and a list of available microphones are detailed in the Audio Studio policy handout.
|Dynamic Processors:
|2 EMT 240 Plate Reverbs
|2 Avalon 737's
|API 550a EQ
|1 Ensoniq DP4+
|1 Eventide H3000
|1 Empirical Labs Distressor
|Allison Automation
|1 Lexicon PCM-70
|3 Kepex gates
|1 Soundworkshop Spring Reverb 242
|1 Spectra Sonics 610
|1 TC Finalyzer
|2 Urei 1176's
|1 TC Fireworx
|2 Urei LA 4's
|Computer Equipment:
|Ampex 440b 1/4" 2-track
|Mac Pro Dual 2.8GHz Quad Core
|Bias Peak
|Ampex 440c 1/2" 4-track
|Digidesign DIGI003r Interface
|Digidesign Pro Tools LE
|Ampex MM-1200 2" 16-track
|Mackie Control
|MOTU Digital Performer
|HHB CDR 830 CD Recorder
|Steinberg Neuendo 8 I/O 96k
|Native Instruments Komplete
|Panasonic 3800 DAT
|Waves IR-1
|Sony Cassette
|Waves Platinum Bundle


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Chocolate Chip Cookie Dough.
Chocolate. Chip. Cookie. Dough.
Really Quest? It's like you looked into the mind of the average weight loss surgery post-op and searched for the one thing we miss and cannot seem to find a reasonable substitute for and THAT is what you made your next flavor.
Well played, Quest. Well played...
So this is the newest offering and they were nice enough to send me some to try! So here, of course, is my review.
The 360
I didn't do a complete 360 photo (showing both sides of the packaging) because...well I didn't. BUT, here are the stats for this bar (from the Quest website):
- Have one gram of protein for every 10 calories
- Be significantly higher in protein grams than net carbohydrate grams


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"This has been one of the best experience we ever had. This will not be the last time trekking in Nepal. We loved Khadka."
Joseph Dorthy
Country: Ireland
Trip: Jomsom 9 days
Read More...
Nepal is known as a worlds adventure center. Trekking, Peak Climbing and Expedition are the worlds adventure holidays and Nepal is number one destination in the world. Main reason is one of the highest peak in the world is Mount Everest lies in Nepal and also it has other eight high Mountains which are more than 8000 meters high from sea level. So Nepal is being most populars for adventure holidays like a trekking, climbing, expeditions and hiking.
Everest region Trekking, Annapurna region trekking, Langtang region trekking and other many more trekking regions are in Nepal.
Read more...
A trek is walking at our own pace on well-established trails that go from village to village. You will enjoy a close contact with people in remote mountain villages whose lifestyle has not changed for generations.
Read More
Nepal is famous in mountaineering field. It is best known in every corner of the world as the homeland of the Mt. Everest & other several series of mountains peaks. Nepal offers such concentrations of high snow capped mountains...
This category is similar to challenging treks, however, includes basic mountaineering above the snow line using ice axe, crampons ropes and necessary climbing gears under the supervision and instruction from the climbing leader/guide.
The Annapurna basecamp Trekking was so good Jeevan was an incredible guide he made us feel very safe and was very helpful knowledgeable He Knew the trail very well and lead us in the perfect way , the food was great
Mr. Mustafa and wife
The trip was more fantastic I expectated all the service was excellent, especially the tour guide would never expect was amazing service in the tour. I have been 12 days round nepal trip with Mr Guru and these part 4 days was more interesting. Sevice was exellent the plan which was perfect.
Mrs Cheng and group
We have very fantastic trekking to Round Annapurna Trekking and I am very grateful to the team from J.P. Travel & Tours, the porters and the guides, thanks to all not at least the guides who were very professional, helpful and kind.
Mr. Luke Demuth
I enjoyed top guides and stunning scenery, giving me friends and memories I will never forget in my life time. They are a superb organization, they were fit, informative & fun!
MRs Miette and daughter.
Nepal Round Trip - 12 Days
Nepal Exclusive Tour
Mountain and Temple Tour
Mountain, River & Wlidlife Tour
Nepal Trips - 15 Days
English language tour guide
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Trekking guide
Trekking Porter
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A breathing mask to be placed on a user's head includes a pressure gas container in the form of one or more closed communicating tubes which form a closed or a open ring adapted to encircle the user's face in front of the user's ears, a sealing member preferably being connected in serial arrangement with a pressure reduction valve and an airtight chamber of the mask.
1. A breathing mask, comprising;
a face piece having a window,
flexible sealing means operative to seal against a user's face and extending in front of the user's ears to define an airtight chamber,
a container for pressurized breathing gas,
and a pressure reduction valve and a release valve for the supply of breathing gas to said airtight chamber,
said container for pressurized gas comprising a closed tube in the form of a ring adapted to encircle the user's face in front of the user's ears,
said pressurized gas container being attached to said flexible sealing means at a position entirely within said face piece, and
said sealing means connected in series with said pressure reduction valve and said airtight chamber of the mask, thus providing automatic inflation of said sealing means on opening of the breathing gas container and through flow to said airtight chamber.
2. The breathing mask according to claim 1, wherein the flexible sealing means encircles the nose and mouth section of the user and defines said airtight chamber.
3. The breathing mask according to claim 1, wherein said face piece is constructed of foldable, flexible material.
4. The breathing mask according to claim 3, wherein said window also is constructed of foldable, flexible material.
5. The breathing mask according to claim 1, wherein a speech membrane is provided in the face piece.
6. The breathing mask according to claim 1, wherein said closed tube is provided by at least two separate tubes, said separate tubes being embedded in a support body and connected individually to respective release valves.
7. The breathing mask according to claim 6, wherein a pressure-reduction valve is connected between each group of said separate tubes and their respective release valves.
8. The breathing mask according to claim 1, wherein said pressure gas container forms a closed ring.
9. The breathing mask according to claim 1, wherein said pressure gas container forms an open ring.
10. The breathing mask according to claim 1 and further including a rearwardly directed support member connected to a circumference of the breathing mask, and operative to support said breathing mask against a base surface when placed over the face of a user lying on said base surface.
11. A breathing mask, comprising:
a face piece having a window;
flexible sealing means operative to seal against a user's face and extending in front of the user's ears to define an airtight chamber;
a rearwardly directed support member connected to a circumference of the breathing mask and operative to support said breathing mask against a base surface when placed over the face of the user lying on said base surface;
said airtight chamber encircling the user's eyes and nose in such a way that the user's eyes and nose become situated within said airtight chamber;
a pressure gas container for breathing gas;
said pressure gas container being attached to said face piece; and
a pressure reduction valve and a release valve for the supply of breathing gas to said airtight chamber,
wherein said pressure reduction valve releases a downward directed airflow that sweeps along both the inside of said window and a part of the user's face around the user's eyes, to cool this part of the user's face and keep said window free from fog.
12. The breathing mask according to claim 11, wherein the support member is composed of an annular wall having recesses for accommodating, respectively, the ears and neck of the user.
13. The breathing mask according to claim 11, wherein the support member is composed of at least three projections mutually spaced around the circumference of said breathing mask, respectively encircling the user's ears and encircling the user's neck.
This application is a continuation application under 37 C.F.R. 1.62 of prior application Ser. No. 08/244,232, filed as PCT/NO92/00186, Nov. 26, 1992 published as WO93/10858, Jun. 10, 1993 abandoned on Jan. 11, 1996.
The present invention relates to a breathing mask to be placed on a user's head for use during evacuation, relief and/or rescue operations, comprising a face piece with a visual field/window, flexible sealing means to seal against the user's face in front of the user's ears for defining an airtight chamber, a pressure gas container for breathing gas, and having a pressure reduction valve and a manual and/or automatic release valve for supply of breathing gas to the mask's airtight chamber, as disclosed in the preamble of the following independent claim 1.
In fire accidents over the years, people's lives have been lost as a result of smoke poisoning. In many cases this has happened under circumstances where only a few minutes'supply of fresh air to breathe could have enabled these exposed persons to get to safety. This might involve continued occupation of a room with heat and smoke accumulation, and evacuation out a window as soon as a fire ladder or other rescue equipment has been put in place, or escaping through smoke-filled corridors/staircases to fresh air or to smoke-free areas in a building or ship.
The area of use for the present invention thus pertains to evacuation/escape in the case of fire and/or accumulation of smoke or poisonous gas in residences, hotels, ferries, hospitals, homes for the aged, or other institutions, industrial buildings, etc.
As relevent areas of usage, there may also be mentioned easily deployable and portable respiration and protective equipment for ambulance drivers, police, etc., on assignments in a foul-smelling atmosphere or in connection with dangerous gases. A further area of use is as preparedness equipment for guards and operators at chemical plants, facilities in the oil and petroleum industry, oil installations, ships and other means of transport.
There are previously known helmets/hoods having a supply of compressed air to assist for evacuation purposes during smoke accumulation in the case of fire, etc.
A helmet or hood of this type is known, for example, from W0 91/00120, which relates to a breathing gas container disposed in the upper part of the helmet to be supported against the user's head, and walls projecting downward from the breathing gas container comprising, respectively, a compressed air reduction valve and release valves for conducting the air into the chamber of the helmet, and a window. This hood/helmet may easily be slid down over the head of the user in the actual crisis situation, whereby the individual gains the opportunity to make an escape, or a rescue squad is able to carry out a mission in foul-smelling atmosphere or dangerous gases.
During recent years research has been conducted in connection with evacuation operations in connection with fires where it is necessary to protect people against smoke-filled and gas-filled atmospheres. It has been shown that aside from providing for a supply of breathing gas, it is also of crucial importance that the user be able to perceive sound, namely information from persons or from loud-speakers to provide guidance in the situation at hand. This is in contrast to the previous belief that it would be impossible for people to make use of such information due to a panic situation. We now know that panic occurs first when people are left standing without information as to how they should conduct themselves. This has led to the aforementioned recognition that it is important that the user of respiratory and protective equipment must be able to perceive sound and thereby oral information.
Therefore, instead of the aforementioned respiratory and protective equipment in the form of a helmet/hood, it is relevant to design the equipment as a breathing mask, such as is mentioned in the above introduction, for placement on a user's head, with the ears being exposed in order to be able to receive oral information. Such breathing masks are previously known in principle from gas masks having carbon filters. There is also known from, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 1,105,127 a breathing mask of the mentioned type where the breathing gas container is connected to the breathing mask by a hose, said breathing gas container being securely fastened to the user's back or suspended around the user's neck. Such equipment could come into conflict with other rescue equipment such as buoyancy suits, life jackets and other garments during use. To avoid such conflicts, it would be recommendable that the breathing gas container be disposed within the breathing mask itself, as known from U.S. Pat. No. 4,157,090, which is provided with a breathing gas container positioned on the actual face mask, presumably on the front part thereof, thus constituting a weight increase thereon, requiring an improved means of fastening the protective mask onto the user's head. This is in contrast to the previously mentioned known hood/helmet where the breathing gas container is disposed on the user's head and supported thereby such that no problems arise with regard to the fastening of the helmet/hood.
The purpose of the present invention is thus to provide a breathing mask of the type mentioned in the above introduction, which takes into consideration the disadvantages of breathing masks according to the aforementioned prior art, which is achieved according to the invention by means of the characterizing features disclosed in the characterizing clause of the following claim 1 and the subsequent dependent claims.
There is thus provided a breathing mask with a sealing means, which mask and sealing means are connected to a breathing gas container that is annular in shape or forms an open ring positioned around the user's face, and which extends over the user's head and is supported thereby. The entire apparatus is secured by means of straps running from the breathing mask and behind the user's head.
With the above mentioned design of the breathing mask, one achieves, in addition to the exposure of the user's ears for reception of oral information, also the possibility of using the breathing mask together with conventional models of life jackets, since the breathing mask does not contain any components separated therefrom, such as hoses and breathing gas containers, which, respectively, extend along the neck and over the shoulders, and are suspended over the shoulders or around the neck.
As is known, life jackets have a large buoyancy member behind the neck in order to maintain a person in the sea in a floating position with the face upward. This is relevant in connection with evacuation from ships/structures in the sea where it is necessary to protect oneself from noxious gases both during the escape itself and after eventual jumping or being lowered into the sea with burning oil or accumulation of gas on the sea surface.
A breathing mask in accordance with the invention is relatively simple to produce and to use, and it could thus be placed in relevant locations such as hotel rooms, cabins on ferries, at easily accessible places in hospitals, schools, etc., and on marine structures such as, for example, drilling platforms.
A simple breathing mask according to the invention may thus be disposed in large number at appropriate locations, said equipment being capable of saving lives in cases of emergency where it is a matter of only a brief period of time to be able to escape from smoke or gas-filled areas to areas with an innocuous atmosphere.
A further aspect of the present invention is to provide a breathing mask to be used by bed-ridden persons while they are being transported for evacuation in wheeled beds or by means of pulling mattresses or transporting patients or injured persons on stretchers, from areas having a noxious atmosphere to areas of non-injurious atmosphere.
This is achieved according to the invention by providing a breathing mask, according to claim 1 and as further specified in the subsequent dependent claims, with a rearwardly directed support means at the circumference of the breathing mask to support the mask against a base surface when the breathing mask is placed over the face of the reclining patient/user.
The breathing mask according to the invention will be described in more detail in the following, with reference to a schematic embodiment example of the breathing mask shown in the drawings, where
FIG. 1 shows a lateral view of the breathing mask placed on a user,
FIG. 2 shows direct front view of the same,
FIGS. 3a, b and c show three different embodiment forms of the pressure gas container in the form of, respectively, a closed or an open ring,
FIG. 4 shows the same as FIG. 1, but with the airtight chamber for breathing gas restricted to the area of the nose and mouth,
FIG. 5 shows a front view of the breathing mask,
FIG. 6 shows a lateral view of the breathing mask equipped with supporting projections and positioned over the face of a reclining person,
FIG. 7 shows a front/top view of the breathing mask, and
FIG. 8 shows a view from the rear/underside of the same.
FIG. 1 in the drawings shows the breathing mask 1 placed on the user's head and fastened with a head strap 1c. Breathing mask 1 comprises a face piece 1a with a visual field/window 2, flexible sealing means 6 to seal against the user's face in front of the user's ears, a pressure gas container 3 for breathing gas and a pressure reduction valve 4 and manual and/or automatic release valve 5 with control lever 5a for supplying breathing gas to chamber 1b of mask 1 rendered airtight with the aid of the flexible sealing means 6. Sealing means 6 is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 to encircle the entire face of the user in sealing contact therewith, such that the airtight chamber extends from the chin area over the mouth and nose section, including the eyes and forehead section. Said head strap 1c is fastened in a suitable manner, for example by means of pressure snaps, or is simply pivotably secured to pressure gas container 3. The head strap may be elastic to adapt to various head sizes, or it may be regulated with respect to length by various means that are known per se. Pressure gas container 3 consists of one or more closed, communicating tubes 3a which are bent into a closed or open ring to encircle the user's face in front of the user's ears. Said one or more communicating tubes 3a may be built into a material to form an annular unit having a shape adapted to a user's face in order to stretch over the user's skull and down along the face in front of the ears and in under the user's chin section. Pressure gas container 3 thus constitutes a relatively rigid body that is supported by the user's skull and is thus suitable as a support for face piece 1a of breathing mask 1 as well as sealing means 6.
Sealing means 6 may be made composed of an inflatable, annular cavity or a hose 6a.
The cavity/hose 6a of sealing means 6a in one embodiment form may be separately connected by a hose 10 to the breathing gas supply 9 to the airtight chamber 1b of mask 1, and may be inflated by tripping the release valve 5 with the aid of control lever 5a to supply breathing gas to the airtight chamber 1b of mask 1.
In a second embodiment form, the cavity/hose 6a of sealing means 6 may be connected between and in series with pressure reduction valve 4 and airtight chamber 1b of mask 1 by means of a hose 11, for automatic through flow and inflation of the cavity/hose 6a of sealing means 6 on opening of the breathing gas supply to the airtight chamber 1b with the aid of release valve 5, as shown in FIG. 4, and where the air flows out into said chamber 1b via nozzles 11a.
In an alternative embodiment form of the breathing mark as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the sealing means 6 is positioned in the lower part of the face place 1a in such manner as to come to rest only around the user's chin section and cheek as well as over the user's nose section, thereby defining a smaller airtight chamber 1b than the larger airtight chamber 1b shown in FIG. 1. Thereby, any formation of fog or dew on window 2 of breathing mask 1 is avoided, said window 2 thus lying outside the airtight chamber with its supply of breathing gas as well as the infusion of moist expiratory air. Because airtight chamber 1b of breathing mask 1 is supplied with breathing gas under pressure from pressure gas container 3, the mixed air in airtight chamber 1b must necessarily be able to escape past flexible sealing means 6. This means that the sealing capability of sealing means 6 is not critical, since the overpressure in the airtight chamber 1b will constantly prevent the penetration of harmful gas thereinto because the mixed air, as a result of said overpressure, forces its way out through any potential leakage points in sealing means 6. 0f course, a pressure relief valve may, if necessary, be provided in the face piece of the actual breathing mask 1 to release used mixed air.
To facilitate placement of breathing mask 1 on the face of a person/patient/injury victim lying on his back, breathing mask 1 is equipped with a rearwardly directed support means 7 at the circumference of breathing mask 1, or more specifically breathing gas container 3, to support breathing mask 1 against a base surface A as shown in FIG. 6. Support means 7 here constitutes an annular wall 7a having recesses 7b,7c for, respectively, the ears and neck of the user. The patient/injured person is hereby able to perceive and hear information and thus comprehend the actions of the assisting personnel in connection with a evacuation operation. This, of course, is on the condition that the patient/injured person is conscious.
Support means 7 may in an alternative embodiment be composed of at least three projections 8 mutually spaced around the circumference of breathing mask 1 for, respectively, exposing the user's ears and enclosing the user's neck. Breathing mask 1 with said projections is also shown viewed from the front or above in FIG. 7 and viewed from the rear/underside in FIG. 8.
The previously mentioned pressure reduction valve 4 and release valve 5 may be arranged in a number of different ways, including that indicated in FIG. 1, namely at the upper part of pressure gas container 3, i.e., at the user's skull. In this way, for example, pressure reduction valve 4 may be constructed together with release valve 5 for automatic release of the latter by placement of the breathing mask on the user's face, control lever 5a for said release valve being actuated by contact with the user's head.
Of course, release valve 5 may if desired be designed for manual operation, with control lever 5a being placed at a convenient location.
In FIG. 1 there is also indicated an alternative placement of said pressure reduction valve 4 and release valve 5, namely down at the lower part of the pressure gas container by the user's chin section.
Outflow of breathing gas from pressure reduction valve 4 via release valve 5 can take place in a number of suitable ways. For example, the outflowing breathing gas may be directed against window 2 of breathing mask 1 in order to prevent/decrease the formation of dew or fog with the embodiment form according to FIG. 1. A breathing gas hose 9 may thus be positioned from said valve arrangement 4,5 and forward to the upper part of window 2 for downward flow of breathing air, or at the lower section of the window and, thereby, upward flowing breathing air, or from the sides thereof.
This problem is avoided in the embodiment form according to FIGS. 4 and 5, where airtight chamber 1b encloses only the nose and mouth section of the user.
Face piece 1a of breathing mask 1, and optionally also the visual field/window 2, may be constructed of flexible material in order thereby, inter alia, to reduce the size of the breathing mask in folded or packed state. This can have significance with respect to both the question of preparedness in storing a plurality of breathing masks, and also for carrying along the individual breathing mask during an alarm/rescue operation.
To facilitate the communication of speech from within the breathing mask during use, a speech membrane 1d may be provided in face piece 1a directly outward of the user's mouth section.
To prevent the breathing mask from becoming unusable by virtue of possible leakage occurring in pressure gas container 3 or pressure reduction valve 4, or alternatively in release valve 5, said pressure gas container 3 may be divided into groups, each of which is connected with its respective pressure reduction valve 4 and release valve 5. In this respect it is expected that at least one group will remain intact so that the breathing mask will provide protection, if only for a shorter period of time. Said groups consisting of one or more communicating tubes 3a may be arranged alongside each other within the total pressure gas container 3, or in sequence in the longitudinal direction of pressure gas container 3. Said groups may be embedded in a support body, which groups and support body constitute the previously mentioned closed or open ring to encircle the user's face in front of the user's ears, and to which support body the face piece 1a together with sealing means 6 are attached.
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The Glass Closet: Why Coming out is Good BusinessHardback
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- Publisher: W H Allen
- Format: Hardback | 240 pages
- Dimensions: 144mm x 222mm x 25mm | 377g
- Publication date: 29 May 2014
- Publication City/Country: London
- Sales rank: 242,833
Product description
'I wish I had been brave enough to come out earlier in my tenure as CEO of BP. I regret it to this day. I know that if I had done so I would have made more of an impact for other gay men and women. With The Glass Closet, I hope to give some of them the courage to make an impact of their own.' Whether you're lesbian, gay, transgender or straight, John Browne's message is simple and clear, it's better for you and it's better for business when you bring your authentic self to work. Drawing on his personal experiences and the experience of other gay and lesbian business leaders, and by investigating the research and the social contexts, The Glass Closet strives to give courage and inspire the LGBT community that despite the risks involved, self-disclosure is best for employees and for the businesses that support them. Every CEO, every HR Manager, every team leader - anyone who is responsible for the culture and success of their business should read The Glass Closet. And for anyone fearful or lacking the confidence to bring their true self into work every day, this book was written for you.
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Author information
JOHN BROWNE (Lord Browne of Madingley) was CEO of BP from 1995-2007, where he built a reputation as a visionary leader, transforming BP into one of the world's largest companies. He was president of the Royal Academy of Engineering, is a fellow of the Royal Society, a foreign member of the US Academy of Arts and Sciences and chairman of the trustees of the Tate Galleries. He holds degrees from Cambridge and Stanford universities, was knighted in 1998, and made a life peer in 2001. He is now a partner at Riverstone Holdings and the author of the memoir Beyond Business, popular science book Seven Elements that Have Changed the World and revealing business polemic, The Glass Closet.
Review quote
"Despite much progress in recent years, gay rights issues around the world remain a serious problem. The Glass Closet by John Browne is a brave and fascinating book that shows how businesses can lead the way in promoting gay rights and why being yourself is best for business and for you." Sir Richard Branson, Chairman Virgin Group "Personal and instructive, The Glass Closet provides a compelling roadmap to what, as a society and as individuals, we can achieve if LGBT men and women are completely free from prejudice and anxiety because of who they are." Lloyd Blankfein, Chairman and CEO Goldman Sachs "Lord Browne has written a book of unfl inching honesty and lasting social value. In it he says, 'You will do more to better the world when you can be authentic.' It took much of his remarkable career for him to reach that conclusion; but in doing so, he makes it infi nitely easier for others to follow." Sir Martin Sorrell, CEO WPP "This is a brave book. It takes a subject hardly ever discussed in global business, gay rights, and blows apart misconceptions." Martha Lane Fox, Founder lastminute.com "How many of your people are living a double life? How many are wasting energy and emotion keeping their closet closed? Business leaders are used to shaping their worlds, to making a diff erence. This is one place we can, and should." Peter Sands, CEO Standard Chartered


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2300 Reading Ave
Reading, Pennsylvania, 19609
Commute to Downtown Reading
Most errands can be accomplished on foot.
Score Details
2300 Reading Ave has a Walk Score of 71 out of 100. This location is Very Walkable so most errands can be accomplished on foot.
This location is in Reading. Nearby parks include west lawn park, Kerry Irwin Park and Owls Field.
Explore how far you can travel by car, bus, bike and foot from 2300 Reading Ave.
View all Reading apartments on a map.
Popular apartment searches include hardwood floor, single family and pool.
Find a Reading real estate agent who knows walkable neighborhoods. Links will open on our partner site Redfin.com.
This location is in the city of Reading, PA. Reading has an average Walk Score of 74 and has 88,082 residents.Learn More About Reading


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Hi, this is Dr. Steve. In this short video I'm going to answer a common question about antibiotics, specifically how to restore your body's "good bacteria" when taking antibiotics. So if you are on antibiotics, or you know somebody who is, listen up. I got this question just last week. I was meeting with a group of hospital administrators and after the meeting one of them comes up and tells me she's currently taking antibiotics and heard that she should be eating yogurt as well. She wanted to know if that was true, and what the scientific research says about it. I know you've got the same question, so I'll tell you what I told her.
Are Bacteria Good?
Now, I'm not gonna bore you with all the science: my job is to make things simple for you. So very simply, you've got "good bacteria" living in your gut:
- helping you with digestion,
- keeping you healthy by fighting "bad bacteria"[1][2],
- stimulating your immune system[3],
- making some of your vitamins, and
- helping your body get rid of some common toxins and poisons.[4]
So these bacteria are good and you want to keep them happy. Because when they're happy, you're happy.[5][6]
Are Antibiotics Bad?
So what's the meanest thing you can do to your good bacteria? Taking antibiotics. Now don't get me wrong, antibiotics have saved millions of lives and they are probably the primary victory of modern medicine. Bad bacteria can kill you, so your doctor wants to kill them first. That's certainly understandable.
Antibiotics Kill your Good Bacteria!
But despite all the good that they do, antibiotics can kill all your bacteria, the bad and the good.[7][8] And doctors typically don't do anything to help your good bacteria grow back. This can cause a number of unpleasant side effects and potential health problems. For example, many people
- suffer from diarrhea[9][10] and other digestive problems,
- sometimes certain harmful bacteria grow back first[11], causing infection and inflammation[12][13],
- it can damage your immune system[14], and
- can hurt your levels of important vitamins, like biotin, folate and vitamin K. They call these things vitamins for a reason – you need them!
If your doctor tells you that you must take antibiotics then do what your doctor says. However, it's your responsibility to restore the good bacteria as fast as possible. Luckily you can do this easily with yogurt. Many yogurts have live and active cultures that can benefit your gut[15][16] and will help replenish your good bacteria much faster than if you did nothing.
Which Yogurt Should I Eat?
People often ask me what types of yogurt are best. One problem is that many yogurts are basically just sugar, so try to find plain yogurt with only two ingredients: milk and live cultures – and hopefully no other ingredients. You can add fruit or even a little honey if that's the only way you're going to eat it. There's also types of yogurt called Kefir, and Greek yogurt, and yogurt from cows, sheep, goats or buffalo, it's all good. And if the ingredients list contains the scientific names of the cultures used, then that's generally a very good sign. There are some live cultures that are better than others, and perhaps I'll make a video talking about the different strains of bacteria. But for now, just pick one that you like because you're the one that will be eating it.
Antibiotics and Yogurt at the Same Time?
Unless your doctor tells you not to eat dairy, start eating the yogurt as soon as you start taking the antibiotics, and continue for 2 weeks after the antibiotics stop. Personally, I love yogurt (especially from goats and sheep) and I eat it all the time. If possible, eat the yogurt at least 4 hours after taking the antibiotics. Try to eat at least 8 ounces (or 1 cup) per day.
There are so many topics related to antibiotics, and dairy, and good bacteria and probiotics, that it's impossible to cover them all in this one short video, but don't worry, I'm going to talk about each of them separately in my free newsletter. So sign up at my blog, steveonhealth.com, right now! And remember, don't assume your doctor is going to tell you this stuff, or even knows about this stuff. Your health is your responsibility. So stay informed!
by- last updated on .
- S. Rakoff-Nahoum, J. Paglino, F. Eslami-Varzaneh, S. Edberg, and R. Medzhitov, "Recognition of Commensal Microflora by Toll-Like Receptors Is Required for Intestinal Homeostasis", Cell, vol. 118, pp. 229-241, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2004.07.002
- D. Merenstein, M. Murphy, A. Fokar, R.K. Hernandez, H. Park, H. Nsouli, M.E. Sanders, B.A. Davis, V. Niborski, F. Tondu, and N.M. Shara, "Use of a fermented dairy probiotic drink containing Lactobacillus casei (DN-114 001) to decrease the rate of illness in kids: the DRINK study A patient-oriented, double-blind, cluster-randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial", Eur J Clin Nutr, vol. 64, pp. 669-677, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2010.65
- A. Marcos, J. W�rnberg, E. Nova, S. G�mez, A. Alvarez, R. Alvarez, J.A. Mateos, and J.M. Cobo, "The effect of milk fermented by yogurt cultures plus Lactobacillus casei DN-114001 on the immune response of subjects under academic examination stress", European Journal of Nutrition, vol. 43, pp. 381-389, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00394-004-0517-8
- A.M. O'Hara, and F. Shanahan, "The gut flora as a forgotten organ", EMBO Rep, vol. 7, pp. 688-693, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.embor.7400731
- C.L. Sears, "A dynamic partnership: Celebrating our gut flora", Anaerobe, vol. 11, pp. 247-251, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2005.05.001
- A.S. Neish, "Microbes in Gastrointestinal Health and Disease", Gastroenterology, vol. 136, pp. 65-80, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2008.10.080
- C. Jernberg, S. Lofmark, C. Edlund, and J.K. Jansson, "Long-term impacts of antibiotic exposure on the human intestinal microbiota", Microbiology, vol. 156, pp. 3216-3223, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.040618-0
- L.C.M. Antunes, J. Han, R.B.R. Ferreira, P. Lolic, C.H. Borchers, and B.B. Finlay, "Effect of Antibiotic Treatment on the Intestinal Metabolome", Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol. 55, pp. 1494-1503, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01664-10
- L. Beaugerie, and J. Petit, "Antibiotic-associated diarrhoea", Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology, vol. 18, pp. 337-352, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpg.2003.10.002
- R.S. Beniwal, V.C. Arena, L. Thomas, S. Narla, T.F. Imperiale, R.A. Chaudhry, and U.A. Ahmad, "", Digestive Diseases and Sciences, vol. 48, pp. 2077-2082, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026155328638
- I. Sekirov, N.M. Tam, M. Jogova, M.L. Robertson, Y. Li, C. Lupp, and B.B. Finlay, "Antibiotic-Induced Perturbations of the Intestinal Microbiota Alter Host Susceptibility to Enteric Infection", Infection and Immunity, vol. 76, pp. 4726-4736, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00319-08
- F. Guarner, and J. Malagelada, "Role of bacteria in experimental colitis", Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology, vol. 17, pp. 793-804, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1521-6918(03)00068-4
- A.G. Wynne, A.L. McCartney, J. Brostoff, B.N. Hudspith, and G.R. Gibson, "An in vitro assessment of the effects of broad-spectrum antibiotics on the human gut microflora and concomitant isolation of a Lactobacillus plantarum with anti-Candida activities", Anaerobe, vol. 10, pp. 165-169, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2004.03.002
- T. Ichinohe, I.K. Pang, Y. Kumamoto, D.R. Peaper, J.H. Ho, T.S. Murray, and A. Iwasaki, "Microbiota regulates immune defense against respiratory tract influenza A virus infection", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 108, pp. 5354-5359, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1019378108
- S. Parvez, K. Malik, S. Ah Kang, and H. Kim, "Probiotics and their fermented food products are beneficial for health", J Appl Microbiol, vol. 100, pp. 1171-1185, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.02963.x


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Teaches web site designers how to take their sites to the next level with a few advanced techniques and the free and open-source Drupal software.
Shows how to build an online store that handles a variety e-commerce functions using Drupal Commerce.
Shows how to use the Views module and other add-ons in Drupal to present dynamic, data-rich content.
Build a powerful web site with Drupal, the free content management system (CMS) that powers over a quarter million sites.
Demonstrates changes to the administrative interface and other Drupal 7 feature enhancements.
Shows how a data-driven website can improve its interactivity by building out tables or connecting to real-world maps.
Covers all the important aspects of installing, configuring, customizing, and maintaining a Drupal-powered web site.
"The quality of the videos and teaching is excellent and rarely a week goes by when I do not sign in and learn something new." —Brian L.
more from our members »


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Snooki and JWoww have already shared their congratulatory messages for new dad Pauly D exclusively with E! News, and now Sammi "Sweetheart" Giancola is giving the DJ props, too. After it was revealed the 33-year-old MTV reality star recently fathered a baby girl, his former Jersey Shore costar shared her well wishes with us.
"I couldn't be more happy for Pauly!" the 26-year-old reality star tells E! News exclusively. "He is going to be such a wonderful dad! This new little girl is so lucky to have the coolest father around!"
Since news broke that Pauly became a dad, he's retweeted several congratulatory messages. A source previously said that the musician "is ready to jump in and take responsibility as a father."
Snooki—mom to son Lorenzo, 14 months—said the news came as a "shock" to the Jersey Shore cast. "He's going to be an amazing father," the Dancing With the Stars competitor gushed. "He's so loving and caring. I can't wait for Lorenzo and her to play!"
JWoww was equally surprised to learn that her former roommate has a daughter. "I'm so f--king happy for him," she told E! News on Tuesday, Oct. 22. "He's going to be the best dad ever!"
Jersey Shore's Ronnie Ortiz-Magro, Mike "The Situation" Sorrentino and Vinny Guadagnino have yet to publicly comment on Pauly's baby news.
—Reporting by James Chairman


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Northbound Bronx River Parkway from Sprain Brook Parkway to County Center closed through Friday due to construction
Drivers may have a frustrating commute if traveling on the Bronx River Parkway this week.
The roadway will be closed northbound from the Sprain Brook Parkway in Yonkers to the County Center in White Plains from 9:30 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. through Friday.
The closure is due to the Crane Road Bridge Project to replace worn out sections of the bridge over the Bronx River and the Metro-North...
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|$16.89 + $4.57 shipping
|Part Number
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|4.7 x 3 x 2.8 inches
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Purchased as a gag gift for our christmas party family games. Definitely a nice gag gift, but as for actually using it to screw/unscrew things, you're probably better off using... Read morePublished 10 months ago by Leesh
This was a gift for my son and it went over like a BANG!!!
He loved it and is still using it today!
My son is 21, but has always liked things that are "cool" or quirky (like him, lol). This was such a low price, I didn't know how much to expect, but it is really an... Read morePublished 19 months ago by vanessa bell
Thus is not the tool to complete your automotive collection, but it fun and useful to have around an office desk for a few light weight projects.Published 19 months ago by B. Kraemer
The plastic is slightly cheap feeling, but otherwise a great product! It doesn't seem so cheap that it will break easily on you though either. It is a neat screwdriver set overall.Published 19 months ago by T. Downs
This is not an ornament, But I made it into an ornament and gave it to my son that was out of the country. I like multipurpose gifts. He loved this mini screw driver set.Published 19 months ago by Asa Avishia
I bought this as a novelty for my 14 yr old son with the intent of it also being functional. It's cute and it works, but it's not the best screwdriverPublished 20 months ago by iK8R2u


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Here are some of the Best Game Wallpapers, try it out and
Check this game set out
Some great Game wallpaper, feel free to comment if you wish
Here is the newest and very best HD game wallpaper for you to use, feel free to comment if you like the wallpaper.
A good mix of game wallpaper for gamer, download the attached file if you want them all
Here another good set of game wallpaper
Here a good collection of HD game set wallpaper for your to use
S.T.A.L.K.E.R. Wallpaper only if you are a game lover
Some nice Prince of Persia game wallpaper for you to use
Take a look at all the images, it tell you how good the wallaper are...
Here are some great digiatal are from space for you use on your desktop wallpaper
Very good quality wallpaper of cars for you to use
HD Wallpapers Wide Pack 1 has some of the best landscapes picture for you to download and use free on your desktop wallpaper
Here are 30 Beautiful Fantasy Girls Wallpapers 1600 X 1200 for you to use on your desktop, Feel free to comment if you like it.
Nature HD Wallaper Set II free to use on your desktop just suport the site
The best of Lamborghini


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A hands-on approach to improving a website's navigation, screen layout, interactive content, and forms to create a more satisfying user experience.
Shows how to create interfaces, systems, and devices revolved around user behavior.
"The site has given me an amazing renewal of long-lost inspiration. I feel I have my creativity back for the first time in many, many years." —Louise L.
more from our members »


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Official ACL Aftershow: Empire of the Sun w/ Mayer Hawthorne & The County
Sat. 09/17 | 10:00PM
Sat. 09/17 | 10:00PM
Due to overwhelming demand by American audiences, Empire Of The Sun are proud to announce brand new U.S. headline and festival tour dates for September, a further testament to the monumental impact of their amazing live shows and their debut album, Walking On A Dream. In addition to headlining the Coachella Outdoor Theatre as well as Perry's World at Lollapalooza in the last year, they also sold out two nights at NYC's 3,000 capacity Terminal 5 as well as four nights at LA's The Music Box (Henry Fonda Theatre). The electro-psychedelic project is led by Luke Steele, the enigmatic wunderkind behind Australia's The Sleepy Jackson. Exotic, lavish, larger-than-life, Walking On A Dream is a bold, visionary and quite brilliant album, which manages to sound exhilaratingly contemporary, audaciously forward-looking, yet also curiously archaic all at once.
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Walking on a Dream and Lollapalooza!
If you can't get into this show and you are tired of fighting traffic, then come to my show at the famous venue of Willie Nelson's old manager, POODIES! 11:30pm so there's time to get there!! Spicewood, Tx!
Walking on a Dream, Lollapalooza- Chicago grant park 8/6/10
Their first single was "Walking on a Dream", and their first American show was at Lollapalooza.
Walking on a dream and Lollapalooza- Chicago grant park 8/6/10
Walking on a Dream and Lollapalooza!
Click "I Like it" for the chance to win a pair of free tickets!
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A former bond trader has launched a high-end take-out service that's bringing Michelin-starred dining to London's living rooms.» Read More
The sale of Royal Bank of Scotland shares marks the UK's biggest privatization move at a loss to the taxpayer, The Financial Times reports.
A former trader was found guilty of charges of conspiracy to defraud in the first trial of a defendant accused of Libor interest rate rigging.
An analyst Friday addressed the concern that Apple will lose its dominance of the tech industry like Nokia did a decade ago.
Heineken, the world's third largest brewer, reported higher first-half results than markets expected.
Italian investigators say they've discovered how the No. 1 Cosa Nostra fugitive communicates with henchmen.
Russia will slowly recover, the IMF believes, but Moscow's "slow progress" in implementing structural reforms is weighing on the economic outlook.
Second-quarter net profit more than doubles to $307 million as the German lender benefits from strong retail banking activities.
After helping to maintain the integrity of the euro zone, the U.S. and the I.M.F. seem to have finally realized the danger they have created.
HSBC reported a 2% rise in adjusted H1 pre-tax profit to $13 billion on the back of China's stock market frenzy and investor enthusiasm in Hong Kong.
The number of people filing for bankruptcy in the U.S. and U.K. has fallen, but homeowners could get in trouble if interest rates rise.
King Salman of Saudi Arabia has cut short his French Riviera holiday amid a growing row over the closure of a beach in front of his property.
The Athens stock exchange ended its torrid first day of trading in five weeks 16.2 percent lower, after it reopened for the first time in five weeks.
A consortium of German premium carmakers has agreed to buy Nokia's mapping business HERE for an enterprise value of $3.07 billion.
Squawk Box Live in Europe updated you with all the news on Greece's stock market, which reopened Monday morning.
Greece may seek $26 billion in a first tranche of bailout aid in August to prop up banks and repay debts to the ECB, according to a Greek newspaper.
The Swiss National Bank revealed Friday that abandoning its currency cap cost 50.1 billion Swiss francs in the first half of the year.
Angela Merkel, the German Chancellor who is one of the key figures in the European debt crisis, is considering running for a fourth term in office.
The stock exchange in Athens is set to reopen next week after a closure of more than a month, amid tough bailout negotiations.
Analysts warned that the country's latest rescue package looked increasingly in doubt after the IMF's curveball.
An Ebola vaccine developed in record time has proved highly effective against the deadly virus in a large trial in Guinea.
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Bill Beament, CEO of Northern Star Resources, says he wouldn't rule out small asset acquisitions.
Feike Sijbesma, CEO of DSM, says he's happy with company performance in Q2, despite double-digit drops in figures.
Colin Hamilton, head of commodities research at Macquarie, discusses the commodities market and the collapse in prices for metals such as copper and gold.