text:
Register now for free, or sign in with any of these services:
Want to set your local edition?
Select an edition for more focused local news coverage when you visit AL.com.
Don't worry. You can change this setting at any time to another local edition.
Are you seriously implying that if someone resides in a certain area and there is an issue (such as traffic) that they don't agree with, instead of using what power they can to attempt to apply positive change, they should just move to another place and hope their new residence has ZERO issues?
You, sir, are a buffoon.
You, sir, sound like quite the nerd.
Wait...what? It's arguably the most highly acclaimed show of the past 10 years. And I'd have killed to have been asked that question. Not only would I have answered "Avon Barksdale" but I'd have also had my main man Slim Charles "take care" of you for your poor taste.
Not one she could drive through trees and off the bluff into the lake though. Don't let a single photo of the general vicinity of the "crime scene" mislead you so.
Surely you are kidding... Oh my science, please tell me you're kidding!
Ole Mo only cares because he is in Huntsville where a lot of these defense contractors are based or have offices.
What road are you talking about? Because the place they found her car isn't near any road. Not near enough that she could accidentally drive off the road and into the quarry at least.
So a single student at Auburn has accused another student (presumably) of inappropriately touching them in a sexual manner. Hope the NYT does a write-up on this HUGE, totally report worthy instance.
Not only should AU/the AU police not have made this remotely public but the journalists and editors at AL.com should've probably just scrapped publishing this all together. I'm not typically one to say some things aren't "news worthy" as news affects every individual differently but if there are no names or details released (such is the case here) then there is no point in mentioning it.
If I saw a great baseball game end in a miraculous play but I didn't know what teams were playing, the final score of the game, what league I was watching, or anything else important about the game, I wouldn't bother reporting it. There's my two cents.
What "central planning committee's govt bureaucracies" are you talking about? Having a hard time following you, though you seem like you may be somewhat intelligent.
"We dont care what anyones ethnic, nationalistic, or racial
background is."
While the ethnic and racial aspect of what you said may be true, there is a great sense of U.S. nationalism in nearly everything we do. Think about that Pledge of Allegiance kids take every morning before class begins? If you don't know the words by heart, Google them. But be ashamed as you do it.
"All, at least in theory, are free to work anywhere
for anyone free from government intervention, free from government
infringement on such freedom. "
You can work anywhere for anyone who hires LEGAL citizens only. If you're a legal citizen, you should have nothing to worry about. In this instance, to theorize is to imagine because the concept you seem to be visualizing for society is a bit Utopian. You can't just have this ever-expanding, ever-sustaining, economically booming space. We have borders and we have to do what is best for those LEGALLY within said borders or the borders will soon cease to mean anything.
I know having PhD in my name doesn't mean I actually have one. Truth be told, Connor, I have several degrees all awarded to me by accredited universities. And I didn't come to the University today (which 2 of my degrees are from, how about you?) because I have a career and don't have time to physically belittle a group of uninformed, 'gonna save the world today' college liberals. (NOTE: Let it show my political leanings are neither to the left nor the right.)
But here is the real issue with your last post: You've accused me of being a racist/bigot. This is a statement which has no validity to it. Though I've said it multiple times already, this is NOT ABOUT RACE. It is about CITIZENSHIP. Though, for the sake of making you realize how ridiculous everyone thinks you sound, I will point out you're assuming I'm prejudiced against Hispanics (since most assume they are the major demographic affected by this law). Not only is that not true but you're assuming I'm not Hispanic myself. For someone who is so skeptical about me having "PhD" in my username (which I only do because it's one in the same as my personal email), you seem to put a lot of faith in deciphering ethnic background via username on an internet forum. Any chance you can tell me the precise date my ancestors came to this great nation with the information you have? Thanks in advance, professor.
Except that the NAZI Party wanted to monitor and control the RACIAL make up of their society.
This law seeks to monitor and control the ILLEGAL CITIZENSHIP in this society/state.
One is a horrific genocide ("racial-cleansing") and one is maintaining a border for the (presumed) benefit of the legal citizens of a nation. Comparing them makes you an absolute fool.
If you think you can TRULY make a fair comparison between these two COMPLETELY different instances, you should probably crawl back into your nuclear bunker and wait for the End.
Silly child. While I admit I (thankfully) do not know you, I did read a handful of your comments on other articles before responding to you. I had to make sure you weren't being sarcastic and entertain the idea that someone could TRULY be this big of a fool. My findings were astonishingly confirmatory.
First off, I wasn't "down there today" because I am not protesting this law. I thought that would be fairly obvious by now but clearly I've overestimated you. Your intelligence won't be given the benefit of the doubt again; that was my fault entirely.
Secondly, while I'm not definitively saying that the study you are citing "from the state of Georgia govt" doesn't exist, I have a grand suspicion that you simply heard one of your peers saying this earlier and figured you'd be able to repeat it as a irrefutable (you're the debate master, you should know what this word means) point. Please link some sort of article or proof of said report.
Third and finally, this law isn't about race. You're making this discussion about race by bringing it up but no where in the bill does it do so. This is about CITIZENSHIP, not race.
P.S. - Hope you were joking about "crime in Alabama" not being an issue. Not saying citizenship has anything to do with it but I certainly can't assure you it doesn't. I feel like the Alabama Department of Corrections would probably have some statistics on that for you. Check their site out when you get done finding the "Georgia govt" report. :D
Way to be reasonable and have the ability to think logically. We seem to be few and far between around these (AL.com article comments) parts.
This law affects only people breaking the law. As do all laws!
If you can manage to not be an illegal citizen or hire one, you have nothing to worry about.
Connor, surely you aren't being serious. What an awful juxtaposition what you said is!
This law requires all LEGAL citizens to be able to prove their citizenship by carrying government issued ID.
This law, also, allows for punishing those business owners that knowingly hire illegal immigrants (to presumably work for beneath the LEGAL limits). You are punished for hiring someone other than a legal citizen. Gee, what a horrible law!!
Connor, you sound like an absolute buffoon. Please put your XBOX headset back on and leave the discussion for the somewhat intelligent.
If neither of you had your documentation and couldn't prove your citizenship there on the spot, you'd both be detained and taken to the station. There, I assume, you'd have a much easier way to verify your citizenship or an opportunity for someone to bring your proof of citizenship down to the station.
Inconvenient for a legal citizen to have to go through? Sure.
A hassle to have to make sure you have your identification/proof of citizenship on you at nearly all times? Maybe.
Worth it to help ensure every stranger around you is legally here? I'd say so.
Now if you want to talk about the concept of all citizens being forced to carry government issues ID cards at (essentially) all times, that's another story. Some real Orwell-esque Big Brother stuff to "protect us."
As previously stated, this law isn't about "race" in any way, shape, or form. This law is about ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION. If you are a legal Hispanic citizen, or immigrant, and get pulled over and have your proper documentation then you are absolutely fine. If you are an illegal WHITE immigrant and you don't have proper documentation then you are most likely going to be deported for breaking U.S. law(s).
The entire bill is just in maintain optimal economic possibilities for LEGAL citizens of the United States. That and to punish those who illegally use illegal immigrants as employers. Again, not to punish employers for letting a Mexican immigrant work for them but to punish employers for letting ILLEGAL IMMIGRANTS work for (presumably) beneath the LEGAL minimum wage.
Play by the rules, obey the laws, come to the greatest country on Earth - the U.S.A. But do so legally or you won't be welcome.
Damn students sound like morons. Shameful to know people like these will be running this country one day.
This isn't a "racist" law. It's simply a law put in place to help ensure the well-being of this country, the host country for all of these illegal immigrants. The United States is a place where any person of any nationality, ethnicity, or background can come and legally apply for residency. It's truly the greatest country on our tiny little planet.
But to sit here and call a law that merely maintains stability for legal residents and domestic economies "racist" because it doesn't benefit anyone but those obeying the laws is absolutely ludicrous.
Same as my personal email address so I just keep it the same so I don't have to remember different usernames. May change it though.
How am I to believe in this Jesus Christ you speak of when all I have to know of the man are the translations of translations of the word's of men spoken in different languages over 2000 years ago. And like I said earlier, I had my so-called "coming to Jesus" when I was in 10th grade. It was an unreal, unexplainable experience that made me believe. But then I realized that it was also all in my head and unverifiable. That's simplifying it, obviously, but that's how it is my brother.
Don't mean to sound elitist either, your education hardly matters in terms of opinion. We're all homo sapiens out here. Earth's People. Children of the Universe.
Yep, that's why it's called faith like that unverifiable walking ape creature in the woods is called Bigfoot. Some places they call it Yeti, or Sasquatch. Cause it's all made up and an inadvertent conspiratorial belief system that all share to give reason to the unknown.
And which PhD are you asking about?
One in Philosophy, Psychology and Physics, to name the 'P's. Ha.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Images and Monuments of Near Eastern Dynasts, 100 BC - AD 100Hardback Oxford Studies in Ancient Culture & Representation
Free delivery worldwide
Dispatched in 2 business days
When will my order arrive?
- Publisher: Oxford University Press
- Format: Hardback | 520 pages
- Dimensions: 198mm x 246mm x 30mm | 1,320g
- Publication date: 24 August 2013
- Publication City/Country: Oxford
- Illustrations note: 142 in-text black and white illustrations
- Sales rank: 1,609,320
Product description
This book is an archaeological and art-historical study of the images and monuments of Roman 'client' kings in the Near East from the Taurus to Edom (modern South East Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, and Jordan) in the important transitional period between the downfall of the Seleucid empire and Rome's establishment of provincial administration across the entire region. In this volume, Kropp treats royal portraits, tombs, palaces, coins, and temples as historical documents and aims at uncovering royal identities and ideological aspirations. In particular, he focuses on the six major players: the Kommagenian, Emesan, Ituraean, Nabataean, Hasmonaean, and Herodian dynasties. The images and monuments discussed show an endless variety of eclectic styles, shapes, and types - a result of individual, deliberate choices from an array of cultural and artistic options, such as Hellenistic, Roman, and Persian. The study of their origins and importance therefore places monuments, like the Khazneh at Petra or the Temple at Jerusalem, in their proper context and allows a more nuanced understanding of their creation as expressions and constructions of royal personas.
Add item to wishlist
Other books in this category
USD$3.88 - Save $1.58 28% off - RRP $5.46
The Book of Trees
USD$20.49 - Save $9.14 30% off - RRP $29.63
Celtic and Old Norse Designs
USD$6.29 - Save $6.18 49% off - RRP $12.47
Great Book of Celtic Patterns
USD$17.79 - Save $8.72 32% off - RRP $26.51
The Art and Archaeology of the G...
Aegean Art and Architecture
USD$16.96 - Save $11.11 39% off - RRP $28.07
- Categories:
Author information
Andreas J. M. Kropp is Lecturer in Classical Art at the Classics Department, University of Nottingham.
Table of contents
PREFACE ; LIST IF FIGURES ; LIST OF MAPS ; ABBREVIATIONS ; 1. Methods, Dynasts, and Kingdoms ; 2. Royal Portraits ; 3. Royal Palaces ; 4. Royal Tombs ; 5. Kings and Cults ; 6. Images and Monuments: Projections of Royal Ideology ; COIN CHARTS ; BIBLIOGRAPHY ; INDEX


text:
Here are the top 5 film people chose to sleep off their hangovers in this past weekend:
1. Hugo Weaving is the most bankable movie star in the world. – $26.1 million
2. F For Failure to give a sh*t about seeing this movie, or any of the 200 more exactly like it coming soon to a theater near you. – $15.8 million
3. Tim Allen still hasn't improved anything since television after the cancellation of Home Improvement. – $13.6 million
4. Just one the…guys, seriously stop making unoriginal crap like this. I mean, has the well of creativity really run so dry that you're going to remake a Billy Zabka movie? This is the cinematic equivalent of not finishing a frozen dinner, sticking in the fridge, then reheating it a week later. – $11 million
5. …And the theaters have empty seats. – $8 million


text:
Go to the glossary
Tork Premium ShopMax Wet Wipes are tough on grease, grime and dirt. Pre-moistened, cloth like disposable wipes. Special Hygienic Micro Emulsion Formula makes it tough on dirt but gentle on skin. Silicone dispenser opening and re-sealable lid keeps wipes from drying out. Portion control for one wipe-at-a-time dispensing. Convenient solution and time savings - clean hands and surfaces are just a wipe away for on the go on site professionals since no added water or cleanser is required. No need to rinse afterward, won't leave a residue. This product contains 100% synthetic and virgin fibers.
Tork is a brand of SCA, Svenska Cellulosa Aktiebolaget. SCA offers personal care products, tissue, publication papers and solid-wood products in more than 90 countries. For more information, visit www.sca.com
© 2013 SCA AfH Professional HygieneNorth America
Legal information
SCA AfH Professional Hygiene Cira Centre, Suite 2600 2929 Arch StreetPhiladelphia, PA 19104
Phone: 866-SCA-TORK (866-722-8675)
Questions? Contact us here


text:
Retired Globetrotter 'Special K' speaks out against bullyingWritten by Staff Reports | | firstname.lastname@example.com
By Chase Will
Since retiring from the Harlem Globetrotters in February, Kevin "Special K" Daley has started The Kevin Daley Youth Foundation, which raises awareness of bullying in schools.
"The foundation's new, but the cause is not," Daley said. "I truly, truly believe we're not doing enough to give the kids a voice and raise awareness to what's going on. Bullying is swept under the rug. Kids are hurting themselves and committing suicide over bullying, and a lot of schools aren't giving it as much importance as it should have."
A 10-year basketball veteran, Daley uses his fame as a springboard for creating an atmosphere of open discussion with youth.
"I know these kids love what I do as a Harlem Globetrotter, with the basketball tricks and the high energy that I have, so I use that to my advantage to get their attention," Daley said. "So I go into the schools with this high-energy program, show the kids some tricks and get them involved, which is very, very important."
With his program, Daley teaches kids how to stand up to bullying as well as how to help if they see someone being bullied.
"Some kids don't realize they're being bullies themselves," Daley said. "They think they're just having fun when they're name-calling or hitting each other, and unfortunately some parents feel the same way. But once I go into a school and teach what a bully really is, maybe some kids realize they're doing something wrong. Sometimes you can't just get mad at the bully immediately, because they just don't know any better. We have to educate them and continue to educate them."
Daley said he is hoping to bring his program to Northwest Ohio on May 9. The decision originated in a conversation with Joni Meyer-Crothers of Sylvania, whose son has been the victim of bullying.
"My son's been bullied pretty significantly in the school system, so I just reached out to Kevin because he's played a big part in the U.S. Department of Education's anti-bullying program, and he's a big motivational speaker at schools," Meyer-Crothers said. "I told him my son's being bullied, and he took my son under his wing. After a few more bullying instances, I spoke to him again and he decided he wanted to come into town and reach out to the schools."
Daley's foundation is also competing in the Most Valuable Philanthropist competition, in which more than 40 professional athlete-based charity nominees can be voted on up to three times daily for a chance to win $100,000 for their organizations. Voting is open to the public until May 15 at https://givkwik.com/campaigns/2014-asu, and the top 10 foundations will be invited to a banquet in Chicago, where a committee will select the winner.
"I'm very excited because this is a contest that means a lot to me," Daley said. "Once I started being part of this contest and letting people know what my foundation is doing, people came out of nowhere and started telling me their stories. I didn't start until four days after voting already began, so the others had a lead on me and I was in dead-last place, and today I'm already in fourth place. So that tells you about the support and that people truly believe this is a good cause. I'm loving it!"
For more information on Daley's organization, follow him on Twitter (@mrtrotter21), or visit the website www.kevindaleyspeaks.com.
Tags: bullying, Harlem Globetrotter, Harlem Globetrotters, Joni Meyer-Crothers, Kevin "Special K" Daley, Sylvania, The Kevin Daley Youth Foundation


text:
Cemeteries, memorials, all-day 'sangin's'
No one likes to dwell on death. Well, with tongue firmly in cheek, maybe funeral directors and perpetual care cemetery owners.
No one likes to dwell on death. Well, with tongue firmly in cheek, maybe funeral directors and perpetual care cemetery owners.
By LYNETTE SOWELL Cove Leader-Press The mood was celebratory and at times somber during Saturday's Independence Day picnic hosted by Star Group – Veterans Helping Veterans.
By LYNETTE SOWELL Cove Leader-Press99 bouquets and wrapped flowers were "abandoned" in Copperas Cove on Saturday afternoon, but it wasn't because no one wanted the flowers.
By TJ MAXWELL Cove Leader-Press he Copperas Cove Summer Track program had a good turnout in their final meet of June.
By TJ MAXWELL Cove Leader-Press The 8-and-under and 10U divisions of the Copperas Cove Parks and Recreation Youth Baseball League closed out the season with the Astros completing the season sweep
By LYNETTE SOWELL Cove Leader-Press Locals have plenty of events to choose from for the upcoming Fourth of July weekend.
By LYNETTE SOWELL Cove Leader-Press What started as a simple plan for a few familiesand friends at Highland Park, morphed into a public water balloon fight of Texas-size proportions on Sunday afte
By CHUCK TAYLOR Cove Leader-Press Candy Outfitters held their rand opening here in CopperasCove at 185 W.
Ariel Draper, daughter of Richard and Anne Derby and a student at Fairview/Jewell Elementary School in Copperas Cove ISD has been selected to.travel to Dallas/Fort Werth to participate in a summer
ABOVE: The Copperas Cove Crusaders pose for a picture after finishing third in the Five Star basketball tournament's WNBA Open Elite Division this weekend in Georgetown.
Clay Allison, the two-gun time bomb who called himself a "shootist," died on Jun. 30, 1887 notfrom a bullet but under the wheels of his own wagon. There were two Clay Allisons.
The last time Jeb Bush ran for office, it was 3 years ago. Barack bama was serving in the Illinois state Senate. No one had heard of Obamacare or the tea party, and wouldn't for years.
By TJ MAXWELL Cove Leader-Press More than 100 prospective Copperas Cove Lady Dawg volleyball players were put through the paces at the volleyball tryouts and opening day festivities Monday at the h
By LYNETTE SOWELL Cove Leader-Press Volunteers showed up in force on Saturday to wash cars for Pink Warrior Angels, a new nonprofit headed up by Julie Moser, a breast cancer survivor.
Edna Earl Smith went to be with the Lord on July 23, 2015. She was born December 15, 1935 in Marshall County, KY and moved to Copperas Cove in July 1963.


text:
From a White House Media Pool Report
WASHINGTON, July 29, 2013 During a stop in Hawaii on their way home from an overseas trip that took them to India and Singapore, Vice President Joe Biden and his wife, Dr. Jill Biden, took time to visit with more than 500 service members and their families at Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam.
Telling the audience that they are "equal to any Americans gone before you," Biden said he had seen the service members in action in Iraq and Afghanistan.
"You and your families are part of an unbroken chain of patriots that have stood guard over the Pacific since that day of infamy in 1941," he said, referencing the attack on Pearl Harbor.
The vice president said America's strength in the Pacific has never been greater, and he talked about plans for a Pacific alliance from Chile to Indonesia. The Pacific basin "is where the future lies," he added.
"We are, and will remain, a resident Pacific power," Biden said.
Because of the stability provided by the U.S. military in the Pacific, other countries, including China, India, Indonesia and Singapore, have been able to grow, the vice president said.
In her remarks, Dr. Biden thanked the USO for hosting the barbecue where she and her husband spoke.
"The USO is such a great organization," she said. "I've worked with them many times, and they do really wonderful things." She also spoke about "Joining Forces," a program she created with First Lady Michelle Obama that is dedicated to bringing Americans together to recognize, honor and take action to support veterans and military families.
The vice president's wife asked the Hawaii families for input and said, "So it's those kinds of things that I can take back and Michelle and I would be happy to work on them for you."
In Singapore, the vice president spoke to sailors at Changi Naval Base aboard the USS Freedom, the first of four new littoral combat ships expected to be deployed there rotationally.


text:
August 1, 2015
A bill has been introduced into the Texas Legislature and that bill, if passed could make HIV screenings a part of your routine doctor visit.
Senate Bill 877 and its counterpart were filed by Democratic Senator Rodney Ellis of Houston and Representative Yvonne Davis of Dallas.
The bill requires doctors to offer HIV screenings during regular check-ups, but patients will have the opportunity to opt-out of the screening.
Those who support the proposed legislation are hopeful its passage will help to remove the stigma surrounding HIV testing.
Senator Ellis says early diagnosis is the key to fighting the disease before it spreads and that the sooner a patient knows they're positive, the sooner they can make changes to their lifestyle.
Currently, Texas ranks fourth in the number of people who are HIV positive.
To comment, the following rules must be followed:
Comments may be monitored for inappropriate content, but the station is under no legal obligation to do so.
If you believe a comment violates the above rules, please use the Flagging Tool to alert a Moderator.
Flagging does not guarantee removal.
Multiple violations may result in account suspension.
Decisions to suspend or unsuspend accounts are made by Station Moderators.
Questions may be sent to email@example.com. Please provide detailed information.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
An ambulatory mechanical leg system drives a mechanical leg (100, 21) with a crank (91) to pivot about a pivot axis (102) to produce uniform rectilinear motion at the distal end (41) of the leg (100, 21) during a stride stroke (51) portion of a crank revolution or cycle and then lifts the distal end (41) to fast-return it in a step stroke (61) during the remainder of the revolution to a starting point for the next stride stroke (51). The crank (91), leg (100, 21) and pivot axis (102) sizes and proportional lengths or distances are modeled to an angular profile that produces nearly constant velocity, and mechanical structures maintain nearly rectilinear motion, of the distal end (41) of the leg (100, 21) during the stride stroke (51).
1. Locomotive apparatus for supporting and moving a vehicle, toy, or other body, on a support surface, including a plurality of legs extending from the body, each leg comprising a leg lever having a proximal end portion connected to a drive mechanism and a distal end portion adapted for contacting and supporting the body on the support surface, wherein the drive mechanism and the leg are characterized by:
the proximal end portion of the leg lever connected to a crank and constrained at a pivot adjacent the crank to move the distal end portion of the leg lever in a linear path in relation to the body as the crank rotates through a part of a 360-degree revolution and to lift the distal end portion of the leg lever and return it to a starting point of the linear path as the crank completes the 360-degree revolution.
2. The locomotive apparatus of
3. The locomotive apparatus of
4. The locomotive apparatus of
5. The locomotive apparatus of
6. The locomotive apparatus of
7. The locomotive apparatus of
8. The locomotive apparatus of
9. The locomotive apparatus of
10. The locomotive apparatus of
11. The locomotive apparatus of
12. The locomotive apparatus of
13. The locomotive apparatus of
14. The locomotive apparatus of
15. The locomotive apparatus of
16. The locomotive apparatus of
17. The locomotive apparatus of
18. The locomotive apparatus of
19. Apparatus for moving a distal end of a mechanical leg in a cycle comprising a stride stroke to support and propel an object on a support surface and a step stroke following the stride stroke to lift the distal end above the support surface and return it to begin another stride stroke, said apparatus comprising:
means for moving the distal end at a constant velocity during the stride stroke and at accelerating and decelerating velocities during the step stroke; and
means for maintaining movement of the distal end to a substantially straight path in relation to the object during the stride stroke and to an arcuate path in relation to the object and above the support surface during the step stroke.
20. The apparatus of
21. The apparatus of
22. The apparatus of
23. The apparatus of
24. The apparatus of
25. The apparatus of
26. The apparatus of
27. The apparatus of
28. A method of supporting and propelling an object over a support surface with a plurality of mechanical legs, comprising:
connecting each mechanical leg to a crank pin that is rotatable at a radial distance about a crank axis;
constraining such mechanical leg in a pivotal manner at a pivot axis that is parallel to the crank axis and positioned at a lateral distance from the crank axis, said lateral distance being greater than the radial distance;
sizing the radial distance and the lateral distance to model an angular profile of Q=ARCTAN (VR/ωd) to obtain a constant velocity V of a distal end of said mechanical leg in relation to angular velocity ω of the crank pin rotation about the crank axis for a stride portion of a revolution of the crank pin about the crank axis, where R is an angle between a plane that includes the crank axis and the pivot axis and a plane that includes the crank axis and the crank pin, where Q is an angle between a plane that includes the crank axis and the pivot axis and a plane that includes the crank axis and a point of contact of the mechanical leg on the support surface, and d is a perpendicular distance from the pivot axis to a plane that is parallel to the pivot axis and extends through the point of contact of the mechanical leg on the support surface; and
rotating the crank pin about the crank axis.
29. The method of
30. The method of
The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/394,057, filed Jul. 2, 2002 and to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/445,981 filed Feb. 7, 2003. Said Provisional Applications are incorporated herein by reference.
1. Field of the Invention
This invention is related to systems that simulate ambulatory propulsion of objects on leg-like motive structures and, more specifically, to leg-like structures and associated drive systems that produce uniform rectilinear motion of such leg-like motive structures to propel objects in a stable and controllable manner over a support surface.
2. Brief Description of the Prior Art
There have been many attempts to make leg-like mechanical systems for propelling objects ranging from robotic vehicles to toy bugs, and some of them are capable of performing that function. However, problems persist in achieving stable devices with minimum complexity in the mechanical and control systems. For example, many of the prior art leg-like mechanical structures, especially non-articulated and simpler articulated leg-like mechanical structures, impart some amount of bobbing (up and down) motion and/or weaving (side to side) motion and/or surging (forward accelerating and decelerating) motion to the object they are propelling with each step. Some of such bobbing, weaving, and surging motion may be tolerable at low speeds and some can be minimized or even removed with more complex articulated mechanical leg structures that incorporate electronic or other independent articulation control features. However, for simpler, articulated and unarticulated mechanical leg structures, any one or all of such bobbing, weaving, and surging motions become impulses that can cause chattering, loss of traction, and loss of control, even to the extent of knocking the object off balance, off track, and/or off the floor, ground, or other supporting surface or even tipping it over. Such bobbing and weaving can also dissipate energy, thereby reducing efficiency, and inefficient slippage of the legs on the supporting surface is also a problem, especially for systems in which the leg-like structures move at varying speeds in relation to the object and support surface during a step cycle. It may be possible to mitigate these problems with complex and intricate control systems articulated leg structures, but simpler and less expensive solutions are preferable.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide relatively simple leg-like systems that can propel objects with ambulatory motion with good stability and control characteristics for any of a variety of objects; for example, but not for limitation, toys, robotic vehicles, amusement devices, transportation, weapons systems, etc.
Another object of this invention is to provide a mechanical system that produces cyclical uniform rectilinear motion of a point on a moveable structure in relation to an object.
Additional objects, advantages, and novel features of the invention are set forth in part in the description that follows and others will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the following description and figures or may be learned by practicing the invention. Further, the objects and the advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the instrumentalities and in combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.
To achieve the foregoing and other objects in accordance with the purposes of the present invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, the locomotive apparatus and method includes a leg lever driven by a crank to pivot about a pivot axis which is positioned adjacent the crank, in a manner that causes a distal end of the leg lever, or of a leg strut extending from the leg lever, to move in a stride stroke path with uniform rectilinear motion in relation to a body being propelled by the locomotive apparatus and method, and then, at the end of the stride stroke path, to accelerate and return in an arcuate step stroke path to the beginning of a next rectilinear stride stroke path. The dimensions of the crank, leg lever to distal end, and crank axis to pivot are proportioned to model an angular profile of Q=ARCTAN (VR/ωd) to produce the uniform or constant velocity V of the distal end or foot. The distal end or foot is constrained to move in the straight line (rectilinear motion) in any of several ways.
In one embodiment, the leg lever can be constrained in a manner that allows longitudinal, but not lateral, motion of the crank-driven leg lever in relation to the pivot. By tilting the crank drive apparatus in relation to the support surface, the distal end or foot in this example can be constrained to the uniform rectilinear motion in relation to the body during the stride stroke part of a crank cycle, when the distal end or foot is planted on the surface, but to then move the distal end or foot upwardly above the surface for the step stroke part of the crank cycle. During the step stroke, a plurality of other legs with their distal ends or feet planted on the support surface and moving in their respective stride strokes support the body.
In another embodiment, the leg lever can be constrained both longitudinally and laterally at the pivot, while it is constrained laterally, but allowed to move longitudinally, in relation to a crank pin that imparts pivotal motion to the leg lever. A passive strut constrains the distal end or foot to the rectilinear path of the stride stroke, and an active strut lifts the distal end or foot during the step stroke.
There are myriad variations of these embodiments of the locomotion apparatus and methods to produce uniform rectilinear motion for stride strokes followed by step strokes according to this invention.
There are also numerous combinations of multiple crank-driven legs, ganging, phase or sequence preferences, and the like for optimum balance, efficiencies, appearances, and other attributes, depending on desired applications of the invention.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form a part of the specification, illustrate the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and together with the written description and claims, serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
An object 10 equipped with an ambulatory leg propulsion system 12 is shown in
As shown in
A significant feature of this invention is that at least some or all of the leg struts 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 can be driven to move their respective distal ends or "feet" 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46 in uniform rectilinear motion during a stride stroke 51 and to lift their feet upwardly and off the support surface 16 in a step stroke to return for the beginning of subsequent stride strokes 51. To explain further, reference is made, for example, to the front right leg strut 21 in FIG. 1. To propel the object 10 over the surface 16 at a uniform, i.e., constant, velocity the leg strut 21 is driven so that its distal end or "foot" 41 moves in a cyclical pattern that includes a rectilinear, i.e., straight line, path 51, called the stride portion or stride stroke of the pattern. Then, at the end of the stride stroke 51, the foot 41 moves upwardly in relation to the body 14 and in relation to the surface 16 in a curved path 61, called the step portion or step stroke of the pattern, to return the foot 41 to the beginning of the rectilinear path 51 for another cycle. During the rectilinear path 51 movement, i.e., stride stroke, the foot 41 contacts the surface 16 and supports the object 10 as it propels the object 10 over the surface 16. Then, at the end of the stride stroke 51, while the object 10 is supported by other feet or other structures, the foot 41 raises above the surface 16 to move in the step stroke 61 back to the beginning of the rectilinear path 51.
In the example ambulatory leg system embodiment 12 shown in
Of course, as stated above, this description of the motion of the front right leg strut 21 and the foot 41 at its distal end is also typical of the motions of the other leg struts 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 and their respective feet 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, as the object 10 is propelled in the forward direction 18. Reversing the motions of the leg struts 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 and their feet 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46 will, of course, propel the object 10 in the reverse direction, i.e., opposite the direction of arrow 18.
Also, as mentioned above, for stability, it is preferred that several of the feet 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46—at least two on one side of the body 14 and at least one on the other side of the body 14—be somewhere in their respective stride strokes at the same time so that at least three feet are supporting the object 10 on the surface 16 in a tripod (triangle) relationship to each other at any particular instant in time. Therefore, while each leg strut 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 of the example embodiment shown in
Another important, albeit not essential, feature of this invention, is that, unless the object 10 is accelerating or decelerating, the speed of the foot motion in relation to the body 14 while moving in the stride stroke is uniform, i.e., constant velocity. The terms "speed" and "velocity" are used interchangeably herein to mean the same thing, i.e., rate of movement without regard to vector directions or coordinate systems. Also, the stride stroke speeds of all the feet on the same side of the object 10 are the same, and, unless the object 10 is turning right or left, the stride stroke speeds of all the feet on both sides of the object 10 are the same. Such uniform (constant speed) rectilinear (straight-line) motion of the feet 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, while they are in contact with the surface 16 in their respective stride strokes 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, contributes significantly to the extraordinary stability of the object 10 when it is equipped with the ambulatory leg propulsion system 12 of this invention. For steering or turning the object 10 to the right, the stride stroke speed of the right side feet 41, 43, 45 can be slower than, or even stopped or reversed in relation to, the stride stroke speed of the left side feet 42, 44, 46. Conversely, to steer or turn the object 10 to the left, the stride stroke speed of the left side feet 42, 44, 46 can be slower than, or even stopped or reversed in relation to, the stride stroke speed of the right side feet 41, 43, 45.
This combination of having only feet in their uniform rectilinear stride strokes supporting and propelling the object 10 on the surface 16, while the feet in their step strokes are lifted off the surface 16, allows the body 14 to move smoothly in relation to the surface 16 without bobbing, weaving, or surging. This combination also avoids one foot working against another, which could cause dragging of feet, friction losses, and binding of drive parts. Therefore, fast speeds, accelerations, decelerations, and turning of the object 10 on the surface can be performed without tipping or loss of control. One or more of the feet on each side of the body 14, preferably the center feet 43, 45 on each respective side of the body 14, can be tipped with rubber or other non-slippery material for greater traction and to serve as pivot points for turning while the other feet are allowed some slippage during turning to prevent binding.
Another unique, convenient, and desirable, albeit not essential, feature of this invention is that the speed of the feet 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46 in their respective step strokes 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66 is faster than the speed of the feet 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46 in their respective stride strokes 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56. In other words, while the speed of, for example, the foot 41 in its stride stroke 51 is uniform or constant throughout the length of the stride stroke path 51, it accelerates to a faster speed in its step stroke path 61 and then decelerates to the stride stroke speed as it nears and reaches the beginning of the next stride stroke 51. This feature also contributes to the stability and versatility of an object 10 equipped with the ambulatory leg propulsion system 12 of this invention by making it possible and even easy to keep at least three, and preferably four, of the six feet 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46 planted on the support surface 16 at any instant in time.
In a preferred example implementation of this invention, each leg strut 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46 is driven by a respective crank 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, which is a part of the respective drive mechanism 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36 that can rotate at either a constant angular velocity for propelling the object 10 at a constant speed or variable angular velocities for acceleration or deceleration of the object 10 in relation to the surface 16 or for steering, as explained above. The speed of a foot 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46 in its respective rectilinear stride stroke 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56 is directly proportional to the angular velocity of the crank wheel 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96 of its respective drive mechanism 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, as will be described in more detail below. Therefore, accelerating or decelerating the angular velocity of the crank wheels 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96 in crank mechanisms 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36 will cause a proportional acceleration or deceleration of the object 10 in relation to the surface 16.
In a preferred example implementation of the ambulatory leg propulsion system 12 shown in
Turning now to the crank mechanisms 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, which are used to produce the uniform rectilinear motion for the stride strokes 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56 of the feet 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, all of the drive mechanisms 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36 are essentially the same. Therefore, only one of these crank mechanisms, e.g., the right front crank mechanism 31, will be described in detail, but with the understanding that it is typical of the other crank mechanisms 32, 33, 34, 35, 36 as well.
The principle geometry utilized by the ambulatory leg propulsion systems of this invention, including the ambulatory leg propulsion system 12 of
In order for the foot 41 to move at a constant speed or velocity V along the rectilinear path 51, as indicated by arrow 106, it is necessary for the angle Q to change at something other than a constant rate. The distance moved by the foot 41, thus its position, at any time t along the rectilinear path 51 is V�t, or Vt. The distance d between points B and O on the perpendicular line 104 does not change. Therefore, the mathematical relationship between the distance Vt, the distance d, and the angle Q is:
A schematic of a drive mechanism 31 that is capable of swinging a leg lever 100 in a manner that approximates very closely the angle change profile of Equation (2) is shown in
It is appropriate to note here that the rectilinear path 51 can be anywhere in a stride plane that is parallel to the pivot axis 102, perpendicular to the line BO, and extending through the distal end or foot 41, which may or may not be in the same plane as the crank 91. In fact, as will be shown below, the distal end or foot 41 is usually extended below the plane of the crank 91 (first plane) to another plane (second plane) below the first plane so that it supports the crank 91 and other parts of the object 10 above the support surface 16.
As explained above, it is desired that the angle Q in the drive system 31 of
R=ωt. (3)
The relationship between the crank angle R and the leg lever angle Q can be shown, but it is easier to do so by expressing the time t as a function of R from Equation (3), i.e.,
With a varied set of values or parameters (lengths) for the crank radius CA and for the distance CB from the crank axis 108 to the pivot axis 102, the conceptual drive mechanism 31 of
The resulting curve relating the angles Q and R, when the crank radius CA and the distance CB have the ratio of Equation (6), is shown in
Specifically, as shown in
During the remaining 120 degrees of rotation of the crank pin 110 about the crank axis 108, i.e., from 0 to 60 degrees and from 300 to 360 degrees, where the ends of the "crank and lever" curve in
Such a crank drive mechanism 31, as shown in FIG. 3 and described above, is well-suited for use in creating the ambulatory leg motion according to this invention, because of its ability to closely approximate the angle relationship and profile of Equation (5) for uniform rectilinear motion of the foot 41 for a substantial portion of the crank pin 110 rotation about the crank axis 108 and because of the rapid return of the foot 41 to a starting point, as described above. The ability of the foot 41 to remain in the rectilinear path 51 for the greater part of the crank pin 110 rotation provides the benefits of a longer rectilinear path 51 and allows the foot 41 to stay engaged with the support surface 16 (
A foot 41 driven by the crank mechanism 31 with dimensions at or near the ratio of Equation (6) as described above, will move at a very nearly constant velocity V when it is made to follow a straight-line path 51, as shown in FIG. 3. The graph in
One example of a crank drive mechanism 31, which moves a foot 41 positioned at point D on a leg lever 100 in substantially uniform rectilinear motion in a path 51, as explained above, is shown in FIG. 6. In this crank mechanism 31, a crank wheel 91 rotates about a crank axis 108, while a crank pin 110 positioned on the crank wheel 91 at a radial distance CA from the crank axis 108, rotates about the crank axis 108. The proximal end 116 of the leg lever 100 is rotatably connected to the crank pin 110, while a pivot pin 120 at the pivot axis 102 extends through a slotted hole 122 in the leg lever 100. The combination of the pivot pin 120 and the slotted hole 122 functions to constrain the leg lever 100 against lateral movement in relation to the pivot axis 102 while allowing longitudinal motion of the leg lever 100 in relation to the pivot axis 102. The slotted hole 122 has to be at least as long as double the radial distance CA in order to accommodate the maximum change in the distance AB as the crank pin 110 rotates around the crank axis 108. Therefore, as the crank pin 110 rotates about the crank axis 108, the leg lever 100 both pivots on, and slides longitudinally back and forth in relation to, the pivot pin 120. Consequently, with appropriate proportioning of the radial distance CA to the distance CB, as described above, the leg lever 100 will move a foot 41 at its distal end 118 at a uniform velocity V along a rectilinear path 51 while the crank pin 110 rotates through a substantial angle about the crank axis 108. As mentioned above, this invention works with such rectilinear motion as the crank pin 110 rotates through even small angles. However, the smaller such angular rotation of the crank pin 110 during which the foot 41 is confined to rectilinear motion, the more legs 100 that will be required for stable support and propulsion of the object 10. Therefore, it is preferable that such rectilinear motion of the foot 41 is maintained through more than 90 degrees of crank pin 110 rotation about crank axis 108, more preferable for more than 180 degrees, and most preferably about 240 degrees. Then, by choosing an appropriate length for the leg lever 100, i.e., an appropriate distance AD (perpendicular from the axis of the crank pin 110 to the foot 41 at point D), the foot 41 will move at such uniform speed in a rectilinear path 51, as illustrated in FIG. 7. In
Consequently, the crank mechanism 31 is characterized by three lengths: (1) The crank radius CA; (2) The distance CB from the crank axis 108 to the pivot axis 102; and (3) The length AD of the leg lever 100 from the pivot pin 110 to the foot 41. Only a small range of ratios of CB to CA provide an angular relationship, i.e., angular profile Q=ARCTAN (VR/ωd) of Formula (5), that will produce constant speed of the foot 41, as explained above. In other words, small variations in the CB to CA ratio will cause the nearly ideal relation of Equation (5) to deteriorate, even though this invention still works quite well with a significantly wider range of the CB to CA ratio, i.e., with something less than the ideal. For example, a reasonably useable ambulatory device made according to this invention, i.e., without too much bobbing, weaving, and/or surging, can have a CB/CA ratio anywhere in a range of about 1.5 to 2.6 and an AD/CA ratio in a range of about 3 to 12. However, when trying to remain as close to the ideal relationship of Equation (5) as possible for constant speed of the foot 41, the CB/CA ratio should be kept within a small range, and the length AD is practically the only parameter that can be adjusted to obtain the straight-line path 51. Such adjustment or setting of the length AD is easily done empirically or, if preferred, mathematically, such as by numerical optimization. To some extent, a compromise may have to be made among all three of these parameters to achieve an optimum combination for as close to both straight-line motion and constant speed as possible. An example of such an optimized foot path profile 51, 61 obtained by numerical optimization is shown in FIG. 8. Each point in the profile 51, 61 of
The numerical optimization used to derive the point profile in
The motion and resulting paths 51, 61 scribed or traced by the foot 41 at point D are in a first plane perpendicular to the crank axis 108, and the distance AD is in a line perpendicular to the crank axis. Therefore, a lower leg strut 21 extending upwardly or downwardly from the leg lever 100 can be used to scribe the paths 51, 61 in another plane that is parallel to the first one. For example, as shown in
To form a practical ambulatory leg propulsion system, the foot 41 should be in contact with the support surface 16 during the stride or power stroke 51 that propels the object 10, as shown in
The direction of the angle α is such that the support surface 16 and the plane 126 in which the movement of the foot 41 in the paths 51, 61 occur intersect along the same line as the straight-line path 51 of the rectilinear motion of the foot 41. Since the drive mechanism 31 must allow a certain clearance b from the support surface 16, as shown in
For example, an embodiment designed into a six-legged, bug-shaped object, such as the object 10 in
In consideration of the compromise between linearity of the stride stroke 51 and constant velocity V of the foot 41 in the stride stroke 51, and further with the stepping in the tilted plane 126, as described above, the resulting performance of this example implementation of the drive mechanism 31 is shown in FIG. 11. This graph in
For reasons of aesthetics, such as more realistic-looking bug legs, it may be desirable to use leg struts of different shapes, such as the curved leg strut 21′ in
As mentioned above, for the 6-legged object 10 shown in
As also shown in
An example, implementation of the ganged drive mechanisms 31, 33, 35 is shown in
As mentioned above, retarded or negative phase relationships in rearwardly positioned crank mechanisms can result in instability problems, so it is preferred that advanced or positive phase relationships in rearwardly positioned crank mechanisms be maintained, if possible. To explain, reference is made to the illustration in
Conversely, if the drive mechanisms 31, 33, 35 were propelling the object 10 in the direction opposite to arrow 18, the drive mechanism 35 would be most forward, followed by drive mechanism 33 and then by drive mechanism 31. Also, the cranks 91, 93, 95 would be rotating in the angular direction opposite arrows 251, 253, 255, so advanced and retarded phase relationships would also be reversed, when the object 10 is being propelled opposite to arrow 18.
These same definitions also apply to the ganged drive mechanisms 32, 34, 36 on the left side of the object 10, wherein the cranks 92, 94, 96 rotate counterclockwise as indicated by arrows 252, 254, 256 for propelling the object in the direction of arrow 18 and clockwise for the reverse direction, i.e., opposite arrow 18.
More specifically, in the
Similarly, on the left side of the, object, the forward-most crank 92 on the left side is advanced by 120 degrees in relation to the left middle crank 94, while the rearward-most crank 96 on the left side is retarded by 120 degrees in relation to the left middle crank 94.
This undesirable, successive rearward phase retardation, where each successive rearward crank and drive mechanism is retarded by another 120 degrees, causes some unstable leg lever configurations, two examples of which are illustrated in FIG. 25. On the right side of the object 10, this successive retardation of the ganged right-side cranks 91, 93, 95 is shown to position all three right-side feet 41, 43, 45 on the surface 16, but as close together as possible. This close placing of feet 41, 43, 45 makes the object 10 unstable and fairly easy to topple.
The left side feet 42, 44, 46 are shown in another example unstable condition that results from the successively rearward phase retardation described above. Specifically, the left front foot 42 is lifted off the ground or surface 16, while the two remaining left feet 44, 46 are positioned very close together and behind the center of gravity C.G. of the device 10. Again, this unstable setting of the feet 42, 44, 46 resulting from this successive rearward phase retardation of cranks 92, 94, 96 also makes the object 10 quite easy to topple, and, if the right side had the same situation of the only planted feet being behind the center of gravity C.G., the object 10 would tip over due to gravity alone. Again, these example unstable configurations illustrated in
To avoid these and other unstable configurations, a preferred phase relationship illustrated in
As illustrated in
As mentioned above, the ability to keep the feet engaged with the support surface 16 in their stride strokes through a large portion (as much as two-thirds) of the crank wheel or gear rotations makes it feasible to also use the crank leg drive mechanisms of this invention in devices that have only four legs and still maintain stability. Such a 4-legged bug-like device 150 is shown, for example, in FIG. 27. The four legs 151, 152, 153, 154 are in lock-step and sequenced or phased so as to always maintain at least three of the four legs 151, 152, 153, 154 in their stride strokes in contact with the support surface at any instant in time. When one of the legs is returning in the raised step stroke in the manner explained above, the remaining three legs in their stride strokes form a tripod, which supports and stabilizes the center of mass of the object 150. Such a 4-legged object 150 is suited to applications in which straight-line motion without turning or steering capability is desired or sufficient, such as free-running, uncontrolled devices, devices guided by walls, and other such applications.
A preferred leg phasing for such a 4-legged object 150 is shown in
A modified 4-legged device 160 equipped with two additional faux legs 155, 156 connected by a pivotal cross axle 157 is shown in
As best seen in
One of the faux legs 155, 156, for example, the right faux leg 155, is slightly longer than the nominal leg length of legs 151, 152, 153, 154, and the left faux leg 156 is slightly shorter or about the same as the legs 151, 152, 153, 154. During forward motion 164, the right faux legs drags behind on the support surface 16, as illustrated in FIG. 31. As the right faux leg 155 starts dragging behind, the axle 157 pivots to slightly lift the shorter left faux leg 156 above the support surface 16. In this condition, forward motion 164 of the device 160 proceeds normally other than the slight, generally insignificant, dragging of the right faux leg 155 on the support surface 16.
However, when the motion of the device 160 is reversed 165 by reversing rotational direction of the crank drive mechanisms (not shown in FIG. 32), the right faux leg 155 engages frictionally with the support surface 16 and pivots forwardly with respect to the reverse 165 moving body 162 as shown in FIG. 32. Since the right faux leg 155 is slightly longer than the other legs 151, 152, 153, 154, it lifts the right side of the device 160, thereby lifting the right front leg 151 and/or the right rear leg 153 off the support surface 16, as also shown in
An 8-legged ambulatory object 260 is shown in
For convenience and to facilitate this explanation of the 4-legged gangs of
Also, for convenience, it is assumed that the stepping of each leg in a sequence occurs at regular intervals, e.g., a new leg steps with each 90 degrees rotation of the right side crank gears 271, 273, 275, 277. Likewise, for the left side legs 282, 284, 286, 288, a new one of such legs steps with each 90 degrees rotation of the left side crank gears 272, 274, 276, 278.
To illustrate both of these points by example, a particular stepping sequence, such as that shown by the left side legs 282, 284, 286, 288 of
There are also six possible stepping sequences in which two or more legs step together:
However, if there is a need for very close spacing of the legs along a side of the body 300, there are two possible leg sequences that avoid the problem of adjacent legs interfering with each other. They are:
If balance only is considered, i.e., the legs can be spaced far enough apart to avoid interference between adjacent feet or legs, then the remaining four leg sequences are:
Another possibility is to set the crank phases so that two or more legs in a gang of four legs are caused to step simultaneously. Of course, three legs in a gang of four legs cannot be set or phased to step simultaneously without losing balance, since only one foot would be planted. Therefore, it makes more sense to consider only sequences in which exactly two legs step at a time, i.e., the sequences:
In summary, there are three stepping sequences that are most desirable for respectively different design goals. For smooth operation and minimum leg spacing, the sequence 1-2-3-4 is most desirable. For a good compromise between smoothness, balance, and leg spacing, sequence 1-3-4-2 should be used. For good smoothness and best balance, the sequence 1-4-3-2 should be used. The sequence (1,3)-(2,4) should be used if vibration is not an issue and tandem stepping is desired.
As mentioned above, many suitable mechanical variations and embodiments of the crank and lever drive mechanisms for implementing this invention can be devised by persons skilled in the art, once they understand the principles of this invention. The important features of the unarticulated, tilted crank drive embodiments described above are a crank, a pivot, and a leg lever connected to the crank and restrained at the pivot in a manner that allows longitudinal but not lateral movement of the leg lever in relation to the pivot so that the leg lever can both pivot around and move longitudinally in relation to the pivot as explained above. One such variation or alternate embodiment crank drive mechanism or assembly 31′ is shown in FIG. 35. This example variation or embodiment 31′ has a single rod or wire 170 bent or formed into a configuration that comprises the leg lever 100 and leg strut 21, which may be easier to manufacture, and more reliable to operate. The crank wheel or gear 91 is mounted rotatably on a spindle or axle 176 extending upwardly from a bottom frame plate 144. The long, slender rod 170 is bent to form a crank pin portion 110 at its proximal end, which inserts into a crank hole 172 near the periphery of the crank gear 91. The leg lever portion 100 of the rod 170 extends from the crank pin portion 110 through a transverse hole or channel 186 in a pivotal support structure 180 to a knee bend 188, where the rod 170 is bent to extend as the leg strut 21 to a foot 41 at its distal end. The crank drive mechanism 31′ is tilted, as described above, so that the crank axis 108 is at an angle α in relation to the normal N of the support surface 16. Therefore, as the crank gear 91 rotates on the axle 176 about the crank axis 108, it drives the leg lever portion 100 to move longitudinally and pivotally in relation to the pivot axis 102, as explained above and as indicated by the phantom lines 100″, to move the leg strut 21 and foot 41 in the rectilinear and arcuate paths of stride and step strokes according to this invention (see, e.g., FIGS. 7 and 8). For heavier objects, where each leg strut 21 and lever 100 have to support a substantial weight, the pivotal support structure 180 may be preferred to be in the form of a fairly substantial pivot pin, as shown in
The weight of the object supported by the foot 41 at a point 87 on the surface 16, which is a lateral distance outwardly from the support structure 180 sets up a force couple that tends to rotate the elongated rod 170 in a vertical plane about the support structure 180 which tends to force the crank pin portion 110 of rod 170 into crank hole 172 and retain it there. A collar 174 can be provided on the crank pin portion 170 to hold the leg lever 100 away from the top surface of the crank gear 91. This function could also be provided by a crank hole 172 that does not extend all the way through the crank gear 91 so that the crank pin portion 110 hits the bottom of such a crank hole 172. Again, there are myriad ways that these assemblies can be made to provide the basic structures and functions described above for this invention.
For smaller objects and lighter weights, the support structure 180 can be even simpler, such as a thinner, stationary wall or strut so that the leg lever 100 can slide through and pivot in the hole 186 without the necessity of having the whole support structure 180 rotate about the pivot axis 102. The hole 186 in such a stationary wall or strut variation should be slightly larger than the diameter of the rod 170 and, for greater angles of the rod to the longitudinal axis of the hole 186, the hole 186 may be slightly elongated (not shown) to prevent binding. If both the rod 170 and such a stationary support structure 180 were metal, this combination would be conducive to flow of electricity from an electric plate (not shown) on the support surface, through the leg strut 21 and lever 100 portions of the rod 170 and, by metal-to-metal contact between the rod 170 and the support structure 180 in the pivot hole 186, through the support structure 180 to an electric motor (not shown in FIG. 35).
Again, the crank gear 91 can be driven in myriad ways. For example, an electric motor (not shown in
Another variation 190 of the drive mechanism, which is shown in
In this under-belly leg embodiment 190, the crank gear 91 is rotatably mounted on a spindle or crank axle 176, which protrudes downwardly from the top frame plate 146 and defines the crank axis 108. The leg lever 100 is sandwiched slideably between the crank gear 91 and the bottom frame plate 144 and has a crank pin 110 that protrudes upwardly from a location on the leg lever 100 adjacent the proximal end 116 of the leg lever 100 into a crank pin hole 172 in the crank gear 91. Therefore, as the crank gear rotates about the crank axis 108, it drives the leg lever 100 to move laterally and pivotally in relation to the pivot pin 120, which protrudes upwardly from the bottom plate 144 and through the slotted hole 121 in the leg lever 100.
As shown in
While all of the crank and lever drive systems described above achieve lifting the foot 41 above the support surface 16 during the step stroke 61 portion of the foot path by tilting the crank drive systems with respect to the surface 16, the alternate embodiment of the invention shown in
As best seen in
The pivot axis 207 for the pivotal motion 214 of the leg lever 203 is essentially vertical, or parallel to the Z-axis of the coordinate system 206, so the pivotal movement 214 of the leg lever 203 about the pivot axis 207 is essentially in an X-Y plane. However, the proximal end 218 of the thigh segment 205 of the leg lever 203 is connected in a pivotal manner, such as by hinge pins 216 to the base portion 217 of the leg lever 203, as illustrated in
The knee connection 220 at the distal end 219 of the thigh segment and the proximal end 222 of the calf or lower leg strut 21 is also a pivotal or hinge connection, as best seen in FIG. 39. The alignment of the knee connection 220 is such that the knee 220 and proximal end 222 of the lower leg strut 21 and the foot 41 are in a plane that also contains the pivot axis 207 and the proximal and distal ends 218, 219 of the thigh segment 205. (If the thigh segment 205 and the lower leg strut 21 are straight, they would also lay in that same plane.) In other words, when viewed from above, the pivot pin 212, hinge 220, and foot 41 are colinear, i.e., all in the same straight line, and, when the crank 201 rotates, such straight line pivots about the pivot axis 207 and is the basis for obtaining the angular profile of Equation (5) for moving the foot 41 at a constant velocity.
To achieve rectilinear motion of the foot 41, while the first crank 201 swings the leg lever 203, thigh segment 205, knee 220, lower leg strut 21, and foot 41 in the angular profile of Equation (5), the passive strut 202 constrains the lower leg strut 21 in a manner that keeps the foot 41 in the plane X=0 (FIG. 38), and the active strut 224 constrains the lower leg strut 21 to keep the foot 41 in the plane Z=0 (
While is it not necessary for the foot 41 to be kept in the X=0 (vertical) plane during the step stroke 61, there are advantages in doing so for some applications. For example, maintaining the foot 41 in the X=0 (vertical) plane allows for the possibility of some form of yieldable suspension (not shown) that would accommodate some vertical movement of the body 208 in relation to the ground or other support surface without unnecessary binding.
As shown in
One example solution is presented here for illustration of the invention in which the placements of the connections 226 and 233 of the passive strut 202 pose no such interference with other components of the crank and lever mechanism. The parameters of this particular example design are considered relative to the X, Y, Z coordinate system 206, where the coordinates (0, 0, 0) are set arbitrarily at the pivotal connection 212, 216 of thigh segment 205 to the leg lever 203. Therefore, with this coordinate placement, the vertical plane desired for the foot 41 is not X=0, as illustrated in
As mentioned above, the foot 41 will move according to the angular profile of Equation (5) (projected on an X-Y (i.e., horizontal) plane. That angular motion profile allows for an essentially constant velocity of the foot 41 during the stride stroke 51 portion of a crank 201 cycle or revolution, and it includes an accelerated and rapidly returning step stroke 61, as described above. During the stride stroke 51, the active strut 84 should hold the foot 41 at a constant Z value, e.g., at Z=0 in
The active strut 224 is actuated or driven to perform those functions described above by a second crank 204, which rotates about an axis parallel to the Z-direction (i.e., vertical in relation to a horizontal X-Y support surface), which can be the same as the crank axis 213, as best seen in FIG. 39. The second crank 204 must be synchronized to the angular profile being executed by the thigh segment 205 (projected onto the X-Y plane), which is driven by the first crank 201 as explained above. Therefore, the second crank 204 can be positioned directly above the first crank 201 and can be driven by a vertical shaft 230 connected to both the first crank 201 and the second crank 204 rotating about the crank axis 213. The active strut 224 is connected by a pivotal connector 235 at its proximal end 236 to a second crank pin 238 in a manner that allows pivotal motion of the active strut 224 in both a vertical plane and a horizontal plane. It is also connected pivotally at its distal end 237 to the knee 220 by a pivotal connector, such as a ball joint, that allows pivotal motion about both a horizontal axis and a vertical axis in relation to both the thigh segment 205 and the leg strut 21.
Empirically, the second crank 204 should move as shown in
Once this overall scheme has been determined, numerical optimization can be used to finalize the design. The placement of the second crank axis 213 and the radius are determined numerically and are only loosely coupled to the determination of the other leg parameters determined earlier for keeping the motion planar.
The following parameters were determined numerically as optimized for rectilinear motion with a step by virtue of the second crank 204 described above appropriately positioned and of an optimum radius:
Since the foot 41 is constrained to a plane, e.g., the plane X=0 in
As viewed from a fixed point on the ground or support surface, the foot 41 will scribe the path shown in FIG. 43. This profile is nearly ideal in that the foot 41 is lowered and raised in a nearly vertical manner, which facilitates stepping over obstacles and prevents binding from any foot dragging that would otherwise occur. Also, as shown in
A variation of the crank and lever drive of
The design of this variation of
The six paths are shown in FIG. 46. The error function used for optimization was based on the integration along these six paths.
This method assumes that other points in the plane not along these paths have errors of this order or smaller. Spot-checking the curve between these paths validated this assumption. The interpretation of the error in
The second optimization is performed to find the best location for the drive axis 213 and the radius of the second (lifting) crank 204. The full set of optimized parameters is given in Table 4. The characteristic motion of the foot 41 is virtually indistinguishable from that of the crank and lever mechanism of FIG. 39.
The foregoing description is considered as illustrative of the principles of the invention. Furthermore, since numerous modifications and changes will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact construction and process shown and described above. Accordingly, resort may be made to all suitable modifications and equivalents that fall within the scope of the invention. The words "comprise," "comprises," "comprising," "include," "including," and "includes" when used in this specification are intended to specify the presence of stated features, integers, components, or steps, but they do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, components, steps, or groups thereof.
Patent Citations
Referenced by
Legal Events
Original Image


text:
August 3, 2015
House Republican officials say they're willing to negotiate an end to a potential constitutional confrontation in a document dispute, but only if the Obama administration turns over more emails and memos about the flawed "Fast and Furious" gun-tracking operation.
The dispute got nastier Wednesday. A House committee voted to hold Attorney General Eric Holder in contempt, the Obama administration invoked a legal stance to prevent turning over the documents and the confrontation was elevated to the White House and the top House GOP leadership.
House Speaker John Boehner and Majority Leader Eric Cantor said the House would vote next week on accepting the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee's contempt of Congress vote.
The officials, who were not authorized to be named, said they also wanted improved relations going forward.
To comment, the following rules must be followed:
Comments may be monitored for inappropriate content, but the station is under no legal obligation to do so.
If you believe a comment violates the above rules, please use the Flagging Tool to alert a Moderator.
Flagging does not guarantee removal.
Multiple violations may result in account suspension.
Decisions to suspend or unsuspend accounts are made by Station Moderators.
Questions may be sent to firstname.lastname@example.com. Please provide detailed information.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
Click Here to Watch the Whole Video in HD at Randall Rivero
Randall/Rivero was conceived with the vision of catering to all genres of porn. By not shying away from testing boundaries we hope to fulfill everyone's dirty little fantasies.
Gay porn star Zack Randall jacks off and licks his own cock
Pixels: 320X240 | Bitrate: 350K
Pixels: 640X480 | Bitrate: 700K


text:
More New and Used
from Private Sellers
Managing Pain Essentials of Diagnosis and Treatmentby Brummett, Chad M.; Cohen, Steven P.
Oxford University Press
Questions About This Book?
Why should I rent this book?
Renting is easy, fast, and cheap! Renting from eCampus.com can save you hundreds of dollars compared to the cost of new or used books each semester. At the end of the semester, simply ship the book back to us with a free UPS shipping label! No need to worry about selling it back.
How do rental returns work?
Returning books is as easy as possible. As your rental due date approaches, we will email you several courtesy reminders. When you are ready to return, you can print a free UPS shipping label from our website at any time. Then, just return the book to your UPS driver or any staffed UPS location. You can even use the same box we shipped it in!
What version or edition is this?
This is the 1st edition with a publication date of 4/9/2013.
What is included with this book?
- The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any CDs, lab manuals, study guides, etc.
- The Rental copy of this book is not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. You may receive a brand new copy, but typically, only the book itself.
The understanding of pain has undergone extraordinary development over the last 25 years. Half of all medical visits are initiated because of pain. The need for all clinicians and trainees to have a foundational knowledge of pain has become more critically important than ever. Not surprisingly, most books on pain medicine are almost all written by "pain management doctors," physicians who've trained in "pain medicine" and devote their lives to treating pain. However, the burden ofpain extends to all doctors, not just those who treat it every day. Managing Pain: Essentials of Diagnosis and Treatment offers a fundamental guide on the diagnosis and therapy of frequently encountered pain conditions for non-pain physicians and clinicians. Written using easily-accessible language,this book first reviews the basics of opioids and other therapies, including psychotherapy and complementary modalities. The second part of the book presents clinically-relevant cases chosen to reflect those conditions most frequently encountered by primary care providers. Edited by world-renowned experts in pain medicine, with many chapters written by non-pain physicians who are experts in their respective specialties, Managing Pain: Essentials of Diagnosis and Treatment is a useful guide forthe non-pain-trained healthcare provider who is on the frontlines treating chronic pain.


text:
ExploreThings to Do and See
PlanBooking / Tours
TravelJapan Map Search
ShareEarn rewards
- Anime
- Culture
- Festivals
- Health & Wellness
- Historic sites
- Hot springs
- Museums
- Night life
- Shopping
- Sightseeing
- Sports
- Trekking
- Water sports
- Winter sports
Dragon Ball Temple OkaderaHome of the Wish Granting Buddha and Dragon Balls
Atagawa Tropical & Alligator GardenFamily attraction with red pandas and baby alligators
Ultimate Fort 2 & Scary Haunted LabNew attractions at Fuji-Q Highland Amusement Park
Takamatsu to Teshima by Ferry BoatThe cerulean highway
Japan to BusanCruise from Japan for adventure in bustling Busan
Jetstar Boeing 787 Australia TokyoBusiness Class at Premium Economy prices
Explore Japan by Cruise ShipThe zen voyage to relaxation and adventure
- Bed & Breakfast
- Hostel
- Japanese
- Japanese Ryokan
- Luxury
- Minshuku
- Onsen
- Other
- Pension
- Temple lodging
- Western
Hotel Pearl City KobeAll the classic features of a high-class hotel
Grand Hotel HamamatsuA truly luxurious accommodation experience in Hamamatsu
ANA New Sky HotelComfort and class a short ride from Kumamoto Castle
KiyoshigekanA charming hot spring guesthouse in Kusatsu
- American
- Café
- Chinese
- European
- French
- Halal
- Indian
- Italian
- Japanese
- Korean
- Mexican
- Spanish
- Steakhouse
- Thai
Daiki Suisan Kaiten SushiHigher quality conveyorbelt sushi
Okadaya Cafe and General StoreAn endless summer, California style
Rikyuhanten Hamamatsucho RestaurantA fancy Chinese restaurant with grand views of Tokyo
Beach Style BBQ and Beer Garden NaburaGinza restaurant & beer garden with summer style
Photojournalist ProgramPhotojournalist applications now open for August-November 2015
Welcome to NaraFrom historic temples to scenic landscapes and fine cuisine, Nara has it all
Only in JapanFrom unique souvenirs to memorable experiences – only in Japan!
GuidesUseful travel guide resources for visiting Japan
Firework Festival at Lake YamanakaHuge blossoms of fire at the foot of Mount Fuji
Fuji Sunset at Lake YamanakaUnforgettable show starring Mount Fuji and the sunset
Hirosaki's Neputa MatsuriDrums and giant floats liven up the summer nights
Kamakura's Hokokuji TempleBamboo here, there and everywhere
Shinjuku GyoenOne of Tokyo's most gorgeous parks
Ueno Park Part 2Visiting this park in Ueno again
Ueno Park Part 1Let's enjoy Ueno Park
Sankei-en Garden in SummerBreeze, fresh green, dancing lotus, and singing cicada
JapanTravel kicks off Ambassador ProgramJapanTravel Regional Partner Flourishes in Nara Prefecture
Nara Tokae Lantern Festival Starts Aug 5thWish upon a lantern
Taiko Comes to Nara's Tsuribashi FestivalTotsukawa-Mura's Yuredaiko redefines stage fright
Qantas To Double Flights To TokyoChoice of day or night services from Sydney or Brisbane
Trip planning and visa documents help
Asked by Vadym Vasyliev · 4 days ago
Where are the best places to spend autumn in Japan?
Asked by Geoff Day · 4 days ago
How safe is Japan really? Is travel insurance essential?
Asked by Tom Roseveare · 5 days ago
Which are the best theme parks?
Asked by Tom Roseveare · 5 days ago
Can you recommend an underground guided tour?
Asked by Justin Velgus · 1 week ago
Book a hotel
Popular hotels
Rent a car
Popular hotels
Mt. Fuji Climbing TourClimb Mount Fuji with professional guides and enjoy the experience of a lifetime
Tokyo Street PhotographyOn this introduction to street photography get closer to people. Join us on a journey into Tokyo.
Tsukiji Food TourTsukiji fish market is the biggest fish market of Japan. Includes food, guide and transportation.
Flying Squirrel WatchingVenture out into the woods to catch a glimpse of the flying squirrels.
Share houses on JapanTravel
Oakhouse Higako SportsGuest house in Higashi Koganei, Tokyo
Comfort Tama PlazaA luxury guesthouse experience in Yokohama
Oakhouse Kamata 260The story of 260 people begins
Useful links
- Aichi
- Hyogo
- Miyazaki
- Shimane
- Akita
- Ibaraki
- Nagano
- Shizuoka
- Aomori
- Ishikawa
- Nagasaki
- Tochigi
- Chiba
- Iwate
- Nara
- Tokushima
- Ehime
- Kagawa
- Niigata
- Tokyo
- Fukui
- Kagoshima
- Oita
- Tottori
- Fukuoka
- Kanagawa
- Okayama
- Toyama
- Fukushima
- Kochi
- Okinawa
- Wakayama
- Gifu
- Kumamoto
- Osaka
- Yamagata
- Gunma
- Kyoto
- Saga
- Yamaguchi
- Hiroshima
- Mie
- Saitama
- Yamanashi
- Hokkaido
- Miyagi
- Shiga
Update your profile
+500 points
Introduce a friend
+500 points
Write for JapanTravel
Exclusive opportunities
Sony Bluetooth Speaker
8,000 points
Canon DSLR Camera EOS Kiss X7
60,000 points
Hong Kong Express Round Trip Voucher
25,000 points
Become a member
Sign up today and join our community
Become a partner
Share Japan with the world
Subscribe to receive our weekly newsletter
JapanTravel newsletter subscription
Thank you for subscribing to our newsletter.
You will receive a message shortly with a request and link to confirm your membership.


text:
Caitlin Halligan, President Obama's best hope for a Democratic appointee to the crucial federal appeals court in Washington, withdrew her name from consideration late Friday, handing a victory to Senate Republicans committed to keeping her off the bench.
In the extended, ongoing skirmish over federal judges, the D.C. Circuit, as it is known, is a slice of territory second only to the Supreme Court in terms of its importance to both sides. The court routinely issues rulings that interpret federal regulations and has long been viewed as an on-ramp to the high court. (Chief Justice John Roberts, for one, is an alumnus.)
Indeed, concerns about judges on that court ascending to the next level are what led Democrats a decade ago to filibuster Miguel Estrada, a prominent D.C. lawyer who remains in line to be the nation's second Latino justice. The filibuster of Halligan at the hands of Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell and his caucus can only be considered payback in a conflict that shows no sign of abating despite talk this year of filibuster reform.
Halligan, who spurned a high-paying corporate-law job in favor of advising the district attorney in Manhattan and who served as a top advocate in New York state government, sent a letter to Obama informing him of her decision to withdraw in the face of GOP opposition.
"I am deeply disappointed that even after nearly two and a half years, a minority of senators continued to block a simple up-or-down vote on her nomination," Obama said Friday in a statement. "This unjustified filibuster obstructed the majority of senators from expressing their support. I am confident that with Caitlin's impressive qualifications and reputation, she would have served with distinction."
Halligan joins Goodwin Liu, a rising liberal star in legal ranks, as potential federal judges who were successfully kept from the bench by the GOP. Liu, who was a favorite of liberal interest groups, was viewed by many as potentially the first Asian-American Supreme Court justice. He now serves on the state Supreme Court in California.
The decision by Halligan is sure to revive talk among those same liberal groups that Obama simply does not have the stomach to fight for judicial nominees that his predecessor George W. Bush had. Bush, with the acquiescence of Senate Democrats, was able to land four appointees on the D.C. Circuit: Roberts, who sat on the court briefly; Thomas Griffith; Janice Rogers Brown, a highly controversial nominee from California who recently called for a repudiation of New Deal-era legal precepts; and Brett Kavanaugh, a former protégé of Kenneth Starr.
In his four years plus as president, Obama has been unable to fill any of the four vacancies on the D.C. appeals court. Halligan, 46, was first nominated to the court in 2010 (to replace Roberts five years after his departure), but Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid has been unable to secure 60 votes for her confirmation in a series of cloture votes since, largely because of opposition from the National Rifle Association, which has contended Halligan is hostile to gun rights.
The fate of another Obama nominee to the court, Sri Srinivasan, remains in doubt. Srinivasan, who served in the solicitor general's office in both the Bush and Obama administrations, has yet to be voted out of the Senate Judiciary Committee.
UPDATE: The office of Sen. Patrick Leahy, chairman of the Judiciary Committee, says Srinivasan will receive a hearing after the upcoming recess.


text:
Boring headline but a true one: Without Jobs, Apple will be much the same in short term
John Moe
Jan 18, 2011 Today, Apple is reporting what will probably be pretty robust earnings. It's a big year coming up for Apple, new iPhones, new carrier for iPhone,...
Next iPad won't have that big button?
John Moe
Jan 14, 2011 According to rumors that have been flowing for the past day or so, the iPad 2 (probably showing up in April by all indications) will not have that...
MIDDAY UPDATE: Verizon iPhone, Trans Alaska oil pipeline leak
Katharine Crnko
Jan 10, 2011 Tomorrow will be a big day for Verizon Wireless, as the company is expected to announce it soon will offer customers the Apple iPhone. Since the...
Flights of angels bring iPhone to Verizon tomorrow
John Moe
Jan 10, 2011 Okay look, it's just a phone and just a network but tomorrow's expected announcement of a Verizon iPhone is going to have everybody going nuts. The...
iPhone 3GS drops to $49 at AT&T stores
John Moe
Jan 7, 2011 The move is due in large part to AT&T just wanting to be a friendly company that saves people money. OR - another thought- and this sounds...
Apple launches Mac App store, but not without a glitch
Jaclyn Giovis
Jan 6, 2011 Apple didn't have to attend the 2011 Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas to make headlines. The company simply took advantage of opportune ti...
Apple blocks time off for late January, early February
John Moe
Jan 6, 2011 It's a three week period where if you work at an Apple store, it's all hands on deck. Either they're preparing for the big Groundhog Day shopping...
Please welcome your new Android conqueror.
John Moe
Jan 3, 2011 Research company Nielsen says 41% of new smartphone buyers in the last six months chose Android phones. That's compared to 27% going with iPhones.
Apple glitch makes me grumpy, disoriented
John Moe
Jan 3, 2011 It was a frantic morning in the Moe household. First day back at school, first day back at work of the new year. I set my alarm as normal, on my...
Angry Birds maker gets behind Apple
John Moe
Dec 29, 2010 The conventional wisdom lately has been that Android is poised to be the dominant mobile platform, crushing iPhone and all others with its...


text:
Great Cover!
Reviewed By Tom D (Houston, TX) Reviewed for a 1991 Jeep Cherokee —12/28/2014 9:46 AM
Seat Defender works great. The non-skid underside really helps! Great Product!
Reviewed By Charles P (warsaw, MO) Reviewed for a 1998 Jeep Cherokee —4/26/2012 6:06 AM
covers sre not fitting as well as I wanted custom covers to fit. material is ok but thin,overall just a good cover, not a great cover, next time I will go for the wet okoles even though they cost twice as much
Reviewed By Spencer B (Santa Fe, NM) Reviewed for a 2015 Jeep Cherokee —6/19/2010 8:32 AM
Headrest details are not of same excellent quality as seat covers. Lacks cover for center console. Install the seat bottoms first (ignore instructions) on the Highlander; otherwise you have to disconnect some seat back elements to complete the seat bottom installation.
Jeep Cherokee Classic Canvas Seat Covers
Jeep Cherokee Country Canvas Seat Covers
Jeep Cherokee Limited Canvas Seat Covers
Jeep Cherokee SE Canvas Seat Covers
Jeep Cherokee Sport Canvas Seat Covers


text:
This event occurs weekly, on Friday and Saturday.
Dinner Theater Comedy at the Bear Mountain Grill
February 15, 16, 22 & 23 6:00 p.m.
Fun dinner theater in time for Valentine's. Roll with laughter while enjoying a wonderful meal with that special someone.
$38 in advance $40 at the door
(includes dinner, entertainment and gratuity; does not include alcohol)
Tickets: 694-8909 or email@example.com
Alaska Fine Arts Academy
Front Desk
We make every effort to ensure the accuracy of this information. However, you should always call ahead to confirm dates, times, location, and other information.


text:
Login / Sign up
Bro hw 2 dwnload it. There is no link to dwnld it in zedge.
spb!??? wat iz it???
This is Freaking awesome .......................
hey bjmoko send ur mail id i will fwd the full version of Spb shell
This is n8 theme for spb mobile shell....link in my profile....will upload many based on the result.


text:
What's up for dinner tonight? Sunday 10/11.
Hey guys. It's been a perfect fall day here. Sunny and in the 50s, pretty darn good for Syracuse--we're used to a lot of grey skies here. After planting 60+ tulip bulbs and other yard work today, I'm looking forward to dinner tonight. Firin' up the grill for Dijon and thyme rubbed sirloin for the guys, grilled haddock for me and smashed, garlicky red potatoes and brussel sprouts to round out the meal. What's up with your dinner? And for that matter, how's the weather where you are and does that affect what your dinner plans are often?
Talk is closed, but that doesn't mean the conversations have to stop!
Check out this post for a more thorough explanation, and jump onto our Facebook page or our Twitter feed to keep the conversations going!


text:
no certificate
with CEU Certificate*
Course Description
Hypnosis involves the practice of methodically slowing down and relaxing the body's systems until the mind reaches a state of relaxation, or light trance, which allows it to readily accept beneficial suggestions.
In this course we will review hypnosis as it pertains to unwanted habits, both physical and emotional, enhancement of skills, and improving our lives, in general. Included are instructions on how to plan your sessions, how to lead yourself into a state of deep relaxation, and come up again when you are ready. You will also learn to "script" your hypnosis sessions, by carefully crafting affirmations that go to the heart of whatever you want to work on in your life. Also provided are sample scripts to help you learn how to devise your own, as well as a worksheet form for planning out your sessions.
The underlying motivation for this work is to replace and reframe negative thinking with constructive, positive thoughts and beliefs through relaxing the body into the alpha state, and suggesting succinct, positively worded ideas while the mind is open and vulnerable to suggestion.
* Instantly download, print, and share your CEU Certificate at course completion (additional shipping/handling charges apply for hard copy delivery). UniversalClass™ offers many wonderful learning tools including an online portfolio service that manages all your course completions and CEUs.
Request More InformationHave a question? Contact us for more information.
Course Lessons
Lesson 1: Reshaping Your Reality With Self-HypnosisIn this course we will review hypnosis as it pertains to unwanted habits, both physical and emotional, enhancement of skills, and improving our lives, in general.
Lesson 2: Important Things to Know About Self-HypnosisAs you move through these initial lessons, be considering your goals, ideals and the thinking that may be inhibiting you in different areas of your life.
Lesson 3: Preparing for the ProcessThis lesson will provide you with the basic structure of the self-hypnosis session, and allow you to learn the relaxation process and make preparations for your new practice.
Lesson 4: Learning About ScriptsWhen you begin to practice self-hypnosis, it is important to write out a "script" that you will follow, perhaps loosely, while you are in deep relaxation.
Lesson 5: Building Your Own Self-Hypnosis PlanEach situation is unique, but over decades of time and thousands of patients, there is some consensus about the kinds of thinking that inhibit our lives.
Lesson 6: ReceptivityMost complaints regarding receptivity involve the perceived inability to relax the body or the conscious mind.
Lesson 7: Recording Your ScriptIt is up to you whether you use your mind to perform self-hypnosis, or listen to a recording. Pre-packaged recordings can be effective, but your own voice can prove to be a powerfully effective tool.
Lesson 8: Completed Scripts; Specific IssuesIn this lesson, we are offering scripts for three of the more common reasons that people choose to learn self-hypnosis. In the Resource section, there are many websites and books that will help you develop your scripts, as well.
Lesson 9: Other Potential Uses for HypnosisAlthough it is not necessary to relive or even to identify the moments that created early emotional trauma, it is possible to go back and understand ourselves to a deeper degree through suggestive self-hypnosis.
Lesson 10: FAQ'S and CautionsSelf hypnosis sometimes takes practice. If you do not see your desired results immediately, know that your subconscious mind "got" the suggestions, and repeat your sessions.
- Document Your Lifelong Learning Achievements
- Earn an Official Certificate Documenting Course Hours and CEUs
- Verify Your Certificate with a Unique Serial Number Online
- View and Share Your Certificate Online or Download/Print as PDF
- Display Your Certificate on Your Resume and Promote Your Achievements Using Social Media
Learning OutcomesBy successfully completing this course, students will be able to:
- Define self hypnosis.
- Summarize important things to know about self-hypnosis.
- Describe preparing for the process.
- Define what a self hypnosis script is.
- Build your own self-hypnosis plan.
- Define receptivity.
- User self hypnosis scripts, test their effectiveness, and then record your script, and
- Demonstrate mastery of lesson content at levels of 70% or higher.
|An Introduction
|Lesson 1: History of Hypnotherapy
|Lesson 1: Reshaping Your Reality With Self-Hypnosis
|Lesson 2: Advantages of Self-Hypnosis
|Lesson 2: Important Things to Know About Self-Hypnosis
|Lesson 3: Basic Structure of the Self-Hypnosis Session
|Lesson 3: Preparing for the Process
|Lesson 4: Sample Scripts of Self-Hypnosis
|Lesson 4: Learning About Scripts
|Lesson 5: Self-Hypnosis Script Worksheet
|Lesson 5: Building Your Own Self-Hypnosis Plan
|Lesson 6: Methods to Relax Body
|Lesson 6: Receptivity
|Lesson 7: Recording Self-Hypnosis
|Lesson 7: Recording Your Script
|Lesson 8: Sample Scripts
|Lesson 8: Completed Scripts; Specific Issues
|Lesson 9: Uses of Hypnosis: Case Studies
|Lesson 9: Activity
|Lesson 9: Other Potential Uses for Hypnosis
|Lesson 10: Cautions for Hypnosis
|The Final Exam
|Total Points:
Student Testimonials
- "The entire course was very helpful." -- ROBIN M.
- "Great class!" -- Matthew H.
- "The part that I found most helpful was the full example scripts that were outlined so well." -- Regina M.
- "The instructor became a real person to me. This gave me confidence and was very exciting." -- CLAUDIA R.
- "Everything was helpful!" -- Dieter B.
- "You are super!" -- Yasar S.
- "The instructor was very helpful. If I had a question, he was always right there to answer it." -- Donna N.
- View More Testimonials...
Related Courses
- Chakras 101$65.001.0 CEUs
- Crystal Therapy$95.000.7 CEUs
- Angel Healing$95.000.5 CEUs
- Anxiety Therapy 101$60.000.7 CEUs
- Assertiveness Training$65.001.1 CEUs
- Weight Training 101$80.001.4 CEUs
- Life Coaching 101$90.001.5 CEUs
- Healthy Relationships$50.000.9 CEUs
- Abnormal Psychology 101$65.001.0 CEUs
- Building Self-Esteem in Children$60.000.7 CEUs
- Mediation 101$95.001.2 CEUs
- Reiki 1st and 2nd Degree$150.002.2 CEUs
- Nutrition 101$90.001.1 CEUs
- Confidence Building$55.000.7 CEUs
- Career Coaching$65.001.4 CEUs
- Auras: Viewing, Identifying, and Understanding$80.000.7 CEUs
- How to Be Your Own Life Coach$60.001.1 CEUs
- The Art of Breathing$50.001.0 CEUs
- Spiritual Counseling$95.001.3 CEUs
- Emotional Healing 101$80.000.8 CEUs
- Relaxation 101$50.001.0 CEUs
- Vegetarianism 101: How to Be a Vegetarian$55.000.6 CEUs
- Yoga 101$60.001.1 CEUs
- Lifetime Wellness 101$60.001.1 CEUs
- Stress Management$75.001.0 CEUs
- Meditation 101: Learn How to Meditate$55.001.1 CEUs
- Wellness Coaching$75.001.1 CEUs
- Depression Management$65.000.7 CEUs
- Dream Interpretation 101$65.000.7 CEUs
- Anger Management 101$75.000.9 CEUs
- Building Self Esteem$75.000.4 CEUs
- Conflict Resolution 101$75.000.9 CEUs
- Tarot Cards 101$95.000.9 CEUs


text:
Primal Jambalaya
Nutritional Info
- Servings Per Recipe: 8
- Amount Per Serving
- Calories: 285.6
- Total Fat: 11.5 g
- Cholesterol: 146.3 mg
- Sodium: 678.5 mg
- Total Carbs: 10.8 g
- Dietary Fiber: 3.7 g
- Protein: 35.6 g
View full nutritional breakdown of Primal Jambalaya calories by ingredient
IntroductionRecipe and photo from marksdailyapple.com Recipe and photo from marksdailyapple.com
Number of Servings: 8
2 large chicken breasts, cut into bite-size pieces
1 lb andouille sausage, cut into ¼ inch thick slices
1/4 cup olive oil
1 cup onion, chopped
1 large bell pepper, chopped
2 cloves of garlic, minced crushed
1 14.5 oz can diced tomatoes, undrained
1.5 cups chicken stock
1/2 tsp dried leaf thyme
1 tbsp parsley (fresh is preferable, but dried will do in a pinch!)
1 tsp chili powder
1 large head of cauliflower
2 cups shelled, deveined and cleaned shrimp
Salt and pepper to taste
Read more: http://www.marksdailyapple.com/primal-jambalaya/#ixzz26gYzSxhy
In a large skillet, heat the olive oil and lightly cook the sausage and chicken over medium heat. Once golden, add onion, bell pepper and garlic and sauté until onion becomes translucent. Transfer items from the frying pan into a large pot. Add diced tomatoes, chicken broth, thyme, parsley and chili powder and bring to a simmer. While the mixture is simmering (youll want to let it go for about 20 minutes, uncovered, stirring occasionally), place the cauliflower in a food processor and shred until it becomes the consistency of rice. Add the cauliflower rice to the mixture and simmer for another 15 minutes until tender. Add shrimp and simmer for another 5 minutes. Add salt and pepper to taste and adjust other spices as needed. Serve piping hot.
Read more: http://www.marksdailyapple.com/primal-jambalaya/#ixzz26gZFzHJ7
Serving Size: 8
Number of Servings: 8
Recipe submitted by SparkPeople user REARUNS.