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Friday, April 12, 2013
On Sunday April 21 family and friends of local musician Billy Kopel will get together for a day of golf and music to honor Kopel, who for many years entertained the Lowcountry with his distinctive voice and style of music.
The Funds for Friends day will begin with a Captain's choice golf outing at the Patriots Point Golf Links, beginning at 9 a.m.
The $80 per player in advance and $90 the day of entry fee includes golf, cart, drinks on the course and food afterward. A $5 per man optional team skins pot will also be available.
For those who don't like the big course, a miniature golf tournament will be held at Richard's Classic Golf located on Ben Sawyer next to Buddy Roe's Shrimp Shack.
There will be a $20 entry fee with half the money going to cash prizes for the golfers. This event will begin at 11 a.m.
Immediately after the miniature golf, Ronnie Johnson, local musician and owner of Buddy Roe's, will open his stage to many of Billy's longtime friends to drop in and play all of Billy's old favorites.
There will be special food and drink prices all day long and raffles throughout the day with many nice prizes donated by Billy's friends. Funds for Friends was instrumental in helping Kopel meet his financial needs during his sickness before his death. In his honor, the group continues to raise money for groups like Dragon Boat Charleston and other individuals with financial needs due to medical circumstances.
Anyone interested in participating can contact John Mingo at 843-209-4603 or Wanda Mingo at 843-743-4557.
Hole sponsorships for both tournaments would be greatly welcomed.
There is a $100 sponsorship for the main event at the Patriots Point Golf Links and $20 sponsorship for the miniature golf must be in by April 17. It promises to be fun day with the very best music the Lowcountry has to offer.
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All of us Crafting Chicks love a great deal so we wanted to let you all know the fun Black Fridays Deals we have spotted around the web. This way you don't have to leave your house and you can get your Christmas/Holiday shopping done!
We each got new Cricut Mini's a few months ago and we LOVE them. So smooth. We thought that you had to have a cartridge to work the Cricut but that's not the case. You can buy images online and even hook up your cartridges to your Craft Room. They are having some HUGE deals today so Click HERE for Cricut's Holiday DoorBusters Sale! (more…)

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Recipe by PAULA ROSE
"This chocolate sheet cake is made with coffee and sour cream. Included is a recipe for frosting which should be spread on the cake while it is still very warm. It is VERY rich. My daughter encouraged me to submit the recipe on-line. Hope you like it as much as we do."
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1 cup
hot brewed coffee
1 cup
5 tablespoons
unsweetened cocoa powder
2 cups
all-purpose flour
2 cups
white sugar
1 teaspoon
baking soda
1/2 teaspoon
1 (8 ounce) container
sour cream
1 teaspoon
vanilla extract
1/2 cup
6 tablespoons
6 tablespoons
unsweetened cocoa powder
4 cups
confectioners' sugar
1 cup
chopped pecans
I thought this cake was awesome. The only problem I had was with the frosting. When I brought it to a boil (the butter, milk and cocoa) it turned gritty and separated so that it looked like an oily, gritty mess. I threw that batch out and tried again, only to have the same thing happen. The third time I tried it, I did not bring the mixture to a boil, I just melted everything down and got it smooth then added the powdered sugar and went on with the rest of the recipe. Other than that, it's a great cake. It was very moist with a nice flavor, it was neat to serve and even transporting it was easy as the frosting didn't stick to the saran wrap once it set. I will definately keep this recipe and use it again.
I think there's a very big palate difference between the states and Israel, for there is not other way to explain why this is rated 5 stars and I thought it was awful. The frosting is gritty and feels artificial, and the cake itself tastes like imitation chocolate cake. Will not make this again.
52 Ratings
I've made this recipe for years, and it's by far, one of my favorites. I use buttermilk in place of the milk. Makes it even richer, and you have no idea that it's buttermilk when you eat it. So don't worry if you don't like buttermilk. Ya can't even tell! I promise it's worth the change!
WOW what an incredible recipe. I thought I had messed it up somehow because it didn't rise, but it was the moistest, had the most wonderful flavor, everyone at work loved it and asks me to make it often. Thank you so much Sister Pemberton
My Aunt Tinie, a lifelong Okie, passed away a couple years ago, and no one in the family has been able to give me her chocolate sheet cake recipe (though I DID inherit her sewing machine). I remember well going down to visit her and Uncle Homer... She almost always made a cake like this. I remembered hers having a slight tinge of cinnamon, so I added about 3/4 of a teaspoon to the recipe. It tastes almost spot-on. It baked perfectly in my oven and is so rich and moist... I brought a piece to work with me this morning for breakfast! (Last night, while it was still warm, I served it up with a scoop of coffee flavored ice cream.) Delicious! Delicious! Delicious! I couldn't be more pleased. Thanks for submitting this, Sister!
Very good....want it to taste authentic??? Add a tsp of cinnamon to the cake batter...and pan toast the pecans before adding them. Delicioso!!
This cake is great. It's not super deep-dark chocolate in flavor, so if thats what you're looking for, this isn't the recipe for you. This is very moist, and almost creamy tasting. I halved it and used an 8x8x2 pan (baked for 25 minutes) and it came out perfect. I didn't have any issues with the icing, as other reviewers had, and I followed the recipe instructions to put the icing on while the cake is still really warm.This is actually better the next day (I think it gets even moister from sitting overnight with the frosting on top).
SO good! I make this in a 9x13 when I'm not feeding a crowd, I just bake a few minutes longer. Texas Sheet Cake was always my favorite cake growing up, and this recipe makes an even better cake than I remember. Thanks!
* Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
Texas Sheet Cake VI
Serving Size: 1/12 of a recipe
Servings Per Recipe: 12
Amount Per Serving
Calories: 709
Calories from Fat: 323
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This dense chocolate cake is moist and delicious. And it couldn't be easier!
It's Texas sheet cake with a peanut butter twist.
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Archive for August, 2012
Loring Hosts First Ever Major Reunion
A first ever major reunion in Limestone today as veterans of Loring Air Force base have re-visited the grounds after many years away. News Source 8 reporter Jenna Callari has a look at the first day of the weekend long event.
ATV Rides
Consumers at the Central Aroostook ARC got an extra special treat at Arnold Brook Lake in Presque Isle. Dick Palm was there and has the story.
Abandoned Animals At Local Animal Shelter
A dog was dropped off and two kittens died overnight at the Central Aroostook Humane Society apparently abandoned by owners. Animal shelter officials are once again pleading the public to find more safe and responsible ways to part with their pets. Shawn Cunningham reports.
"County Cancer Hall of Courage" Introduced at TAMC
Leaders of The Aroostook Medical Center and some County newspapers have teamed up on a project honoring cancer survivors both past and present. A press conference and ceremony were held Thursday. News Source 8's Katie Zarrilli has the story.
UMFK Selected by Princeton Review for 8th Year
As the University of Maine at Fort Kent prepares for the school year to begin, they've once again received an honor that's got both faculty and students excited. News Source 8's Katie Zarrilli explains.


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O-H-I-O Share your pride
"Weddings" Images (73)
"O-H-I-O at my Texas Wedding :)"
by Bobbi Jennings - Agricultural Communications, Class of 2008
My family are born and raised Buckeye fans, so of course my wedding wouldn't have been complete without an O-H-I-O picture...even deep in the heart of Texas.Alumni, Weddings
"OSU Pride in Cleveland!!"
by Heidi Schuett - Buckeye Fans 4 Life!!!!
My husband and I are die hard Buckeye fans!! Born and raised in Ohio!! Our wedding day would not have been complete without a little O..H..I..O!!Weddings
"OHIO country wedding party"
by Theresa Cranny - College of Vet Med 1991
Buckeye pride at an outdoor weddingAlumni, Weddings
"Tiffany's wedding"
by Tyson - Coombs
My best friends wedding party representing the O-H-I-O looking all diaper=)Weddings
"Kristy and Jason's wedding"
by Jayne Sabo - Graduated in 1977 Occupational Therapy
Missed the majority of OSU/Northwestern's game Oct 5, 2013 as my daughter was having her reception that evening at The Lodge in Geneva, Ohio. We were passing the bar and noticed that the OSU game still had a couple minutes left, so of course we took the party into the bar...Our celebration of the WAlumni, Weddings
"Jessica and Jason's St. Lucian Wedding!"
by Jessica Prescott - OSU Fan
Enjoying our big day in St. Lucia with a little OSU pride.Weddings
"Jill and Jim's Wedding!"
by Tina Burrows - Proud mom of OSU grad!
The bride with her folks and OSU Alum brother showing off their Buckeye pride!Alumni, Weddings
"Wedding day OHIO"
by Monica Scranton
Bride, Groom, Best man, Maid of Honor and 5 bridal party members are all graduates of OSU.Alumni, Weddings
"Buckeye Wedding"
by Octavia Donnelly and Antonio Martinez - Law 2009 and Medicine 2012
An OSU med alum and an OSU law alum wed down in Texas on September 21,2013!!!Alumni, Weddings
"Wedding Pre-game O-H-I-O"
by Pete Harsh - 1974
Arlington, Virginia wedding September 28, 2013 Go Bucks!Weddings
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Viewers: in countries Watching now:
Photoshop CS5 One-on-One: Advanced, the second part of the popular and comprehensive series, updated for CS5, follows internationally renowned Photoshop guru Deke McClelland as he dives into the workings of Photoshop. He explores such digital-age wonders as the Levels and Curves commands, edge-detection filters, advanced compositing techniques, vector-based text, the Liquify filter, and Camera Raw. Deke also teaches tried-and-true methods for sharpening details, smoothing over wrinkles and imperfections, and enhancing colors without harming the original image. Exercise files accompany the course.
Recommended prerequisite: Photoshop CS5 One-on-One: Fundamentals.
All right gang, I am still working inside Text inside custom path.psd. In this exercise, I am going to take this text on the path that I just created, and I'm going to adjust it down using a function known as Baseline Shift. So, here is the idea. I was telling you that the baseline is that imaginary horizontal line upon which all of your characters rest. So with the exception of the descenders, which are the tails at the bottom of the G and the P and so on, all the other characters ride exactly along that baseline.
Now when you attach text to a path the way we have here, then the baseline now becomes the path. They are one, so the baseline is curving. Well, there is this function known as Baseline Shift that allows you to raise and lower any selected characters of type with respect to the baseline. So, if we assign a negative Baseline Shift value to our current text we'll be able to shift it down and away from the glove, and that's what I propose we do now. All right, switch to the Type tool. I'd like you to go ahead and switch over to the Layers panel, but, first notice here in the Paths panel that we have a temporary occupant of this panel, September, 2026 Type Path, which is showing me that this is the path for this text which is called September, 2026.
Just in case I want to edit this path because the text is not linked to our original down left path. That's very important. If you are to modify the down left path in any way, shape, or form that would not affect the text. You have to modify this temporary path outline right there. Anyway, switch back to the Layers panel. There is our text, and it is active. That's all I want to make sure. Just that it's active, and that we are not working inside the Text Entry mode because I don't want to adjust some characters independently of others. Now, switch over to your Character panel by clicking on the Character icon here, and there is our value right there.
It's Baseline Shift, as you can see. You can modify that value if you want to. I could go ahead and scrub it up, for example, to shift that text upward away from the Baseline Shift which can be useful for creating numerators and fractions that is the top number in a fraction or any other kind of raised numbers, ordinals, for example, which would be the ND in second or the RD in third, that kind of thing, or you can go ahead and shift your text downward if you want to.
In my case, I have over-compensated. I am going to go ahead and restore that value to 0 for the moment, and then I am going show you another way to work from the keyboard. I find this technique to be very helpful. I'll click inside the text with my Type tool, and I'll press Ctrl+A or Command+A on the Mac to select all the text. And then so I am not seeing the highlighted version of my type I'll press Ctrl+H or Command+H on the Mac. Now, then here is the keyboard shortcut Shift+Alt+Up Arrow raises the Baseline Shift value in 2 point increments, on the Mac that Shift+Option+Up Arrow.
Shift+Alt+Down Arrow here on the PC or Shift+Option+Down Arrow on the Mac lowers that Baseline Shift value in 2 point increments, starting from 0. I am going to press Shift+Alt or on the Mac, Shift+Option+Down Arrow, four times in a row, like so, in order to reduce my baseline shift value to -8, and that gives me this result right there. All right, now I will hide my Character panel, and just in case I feel like I need to nudge my text down just a little more, I will press and hold the Ctrl key or the Command key on the Mac, and I will drag this X down just a little bit, like so, to compensate for the new position of the text with respect that is to the bottom-left corner of my composition.
All right, this looks good to me. I am going to go ahead and switch away from the Type tool entirely, so I don't accidentally modify my highlighted text by the way, we can't see it, but if press Ctrl+H, Command+H on the Mac, you can see now that this text is selected and vulnerable to modification. So I am going to click on my Rectangular Marquee tool to make it active. Now let's go ahead and assign a layer effect, specifically Drop Shadow to this text, and we are going to do so manually. Drop down to the fx icon, and I will tell you exactly what settings to apply.
Click on fx, choose Drop Shadow, and you will see a preview of the default settings which are pretty close to being exactly right. In fact, we do want a Distance value of 5 pixels, I do want a Size value of 5 pixels, so that's fine. Spread should be set to 0. Angle, definitely leave that alone. Don't even touch it because you will mess everything up. If you change the Angle value right now, which is 120 degrees, because Use Global Light is turned on, you will mess up every single shadow and every single emboss effect, and every single other directional layer effect inside this composition.
So leave that as is. We will see what's going on there when we discuss layer effects in the future chapter. However, what I'd like you to do is change the color of the Drop Shadow. The Blend mode is fine, set to Multiply. Click on the Color Swatch, and I actually lifted a color from the image using the Eyedropper or just by clicking in one of the shadow details here, but this specific value, after I got an editing, that I came up with, because these values are pretty close to being right, but I changed the Hue value to 30, so I made a little bit more orange, and then I reduced the Saturation value to 50% from the color I lifted anyway.
And I lowered the Brightness value to 20% as well. So 30, 50, 20 respectively for the H, S, and B values, and you can see that gives us a very dark brown. I will click OK, and I will raise the Opacity value to 100%, and I achieved this drop shadow that you see down here in the lower-left corner of the window. Now I will click OK, and we are done with this layer. I am going to click this Up Arrow icon next to fx in the Layers panel just to go ahead and collapse my layer effects, and I am going to click off of this layer, so I am no longer seeing the path outline here.
I will click on the Pout layer, for example, which is one of the next layers that we are going to modify, and this is my final text along a path as created using a combination of a pre-drawn path outline, the Type tool, and the Black Arrow tool here inside Photoshop.
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'RBC NYC' on Serious Eats
Top 5 Sweet Drinks of 2010
Fruit smoothies, chocolate smoothies, almond-based numbers, fig milkshakes, and a twist on the traditional Vietnamese ca phe su da. These drinks are perfect for life on the go, and many can suffice as a meal—or dessert, at the very least! Today we bring you our Top 5 Sweets Drinks of 2010. More
Sugar Rush: Vietnamese Coffee at RBC NYC
[Photo: Kathy Chan] In Tribeca, La Colombe is my go-to coffee spot. But RBC NYC opened up yesterday, just two blocks south, and I can easily picture my coffee loyalty slipping in their direction. RBC's Slayer machine, the first... More


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Very high strength single phase stainless steel coating has been prepared by magnetron sputtering onto a substrate. The coating has a unique microstructure of nanometer spaced twins that are parallel to each other and to the substrate surface. For cases where the coating and substrate do not bind strongly, the coating can be peeled off to provide foil.
1. A metallic foil comprising a surface and a plurality of twin planes that are substantially parallel to the surface and parallel to each other and are separated from each other by a twin plane spacing distance of from about 0.5 nm to about 60 nm.
2. The metallic foil of
3. The metallic foil of
4. The metallic foil of
5. The metallic foil of
6. The metallic foil of
7. The metallic foil of
8. The metallic foil of
9. The metallic foil of
10. An article of manufacture having a coating, the coating comprising a surface and a plurality of twin planes that are substantially parallel to the surface and parallel to each other and wherein adjacent twin planes are separated from each other by a twin plane spacing by a distance of from about 0.5 nm to about 60 nm.
11. The article of manufacture of
12. The article of manufacture of
13. The article of manufacture of
14. The article of manufacture of
15. The article of manufacture of
16. The article of manufacture of
17. The article of manufacture of
18. The article of manufacture of
19. A method for coating a surface comprising depositing a coating onto a surface, the coating comprising a twinned structure having a plurality of twin planes that are separated from each other by a twin plane spacing of from about 0.5 nm to about 60 nm.
20. The method of
21. The method of
22. The method of
23. The method of
24. The method of
25. The method of
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27. The method of
28. The method of
29. An article of manufacture comprising an object having a coating, the coating comprising a twinned structure having a plurality of twin planes that are separated from each other by a twin plane spacing distance of from about 0.5 nm to about 60 nm, wherein the object and the coating have essentially the same chemical composition.
30. The article of manufacture of
31. The article of manufacture of
32. The article of manufacture of
33. The article of manufacture of
34. The article of manufacture of
35. The article of manufacture of
36. The article of manufacture of
37. The article of manufacture of
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41. The article of manufacture of
This invention was made with government support under Contract No. W-7405-ENG-36 awarded by the U.S. Department of Energy. The government has certain rights in the invention.
The present invention relates generally to high strength materials and more particularly to a high strength metallic foil and/or coating having a plurality of nanometer spaced twin planes that are parallel to each other.
The mechanical behavior of nanostructured materials having grain sizes of less than about 100 nanometers (nm) has received significant attention recently due to the high strengths achievable in these materials (see, for example, H. Van Swygenhoven, Science, vol. 296 (2002) pp. 66). However, there are limitations for the very smallest grain sizes; severe plastic deformation based methods do not readily yield grain sizes of a few nanometers (see, for example: Y. Wang, M. Chen, F. Zhou, and E. Ma, Nature (London) vol. 419 (2002) pp. 912).
Single phase nanostructured materials synthesized by such well known methods as powder compaction and electrodeposition, for example, often have defects such as porosity or chemical impurities. Generally, the strength of this type of material increases with decreasing grain size until a maximum strength is reached. However, experiments reveal that the strength of a single phase nanostructured material decreases when the grain size is reduced below about 10 nanometers (see, for example: C. C. Koch, D. G. Morris, K. Lu, and A. Inoue, MRS Bull, vol. 24 (1999) pp. 54). Due to these limitations, there remains a need for alternate methods for preparing single-phase, high-strength nanostructured materials.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method of preparing single phase, high strength, nanostructured materials.
Another object of the invention is to provide a method of improving wear resistance of an article.
Yet another object of the invention is to provide high strength stainless steel coating and foil.
Additional objects, advantages and novel features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objects and advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.
In accordance with the purposes of the present invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, the present invention includes a metallic foil having a surface and a plurality of twin planes that are substantially parallel to the surface and parallel to each other and are separated by a twin plane spacing distance of from about 0.5 nm to about 60 nm.
The invention also includes an article of manufacture having a coating. The coating has a surface and a plurality of twin planes that are substantially parallel to the surface and parallel to each other and are separated by a twin plane spacing distance of from about 0.5 nm to about 60 nm.
The invention also includes a method for coating a surface. The method includes depositing a coating onto a surface, the coating having a twinned structure with a plurality of twin planes. Twin planes of the coating are separated by a twin plane spacing distance of from about 0.5 nm to about 60 nm.
The invention also includes an article of manufacture. The article includes an object with a coating. The coating has a twinned structure with a plurality of twin planes. Twin planes are separated by a twin plane spacing distance of from about 0.5 nm to about 60 nm, and the object and the coating have essentially the same chemical composition.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form a part of the specification, illustrate the embodiment(s) of the present invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
The invention is related to single phase, layered, twinned materials. Using a magnetron sputter deposition process, extremely hard, stainless steel (SS) coatings and foil have been synthesized. These coatings and foil have a measured hardness of about 7 GPa, which is about an order of magnitude higher than the hardness of the corresponding stainless steel in other forms. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images reveal that these sputter deposited coatings and foil include a layered arrangement of alternating, nanometer-spaced twins on {111} planes. The layered twinned structures are oriented parallel to the film surface, the twin planes being normal to the growth direction. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations provided insight into why these layered twinned structures are so strong.
The foil prepared according to this invention relates to metal in sheet form. While the invention has been demonstrated for preparing coating and very thin sheet (foil having a thickness of several tens of microns), it should be understood that the invention could also be used for preparing much thicker sheets of twinned materials.
Importantly, the invention is not limited by any particular substrate shape; flat, round, and irregularly shaped substrates could also be modified according to this invention.
The invention was demonstrated by sputter depositing face-centered cubic (fcc) austenitic 330 SS target material onto a substrate. The 330 SS sputtering target used was about 4 inches in diameter and included a composition of iron (43 percent by weight), chromium (18 percent by weight), nickel (36 percent by weight), manganese (2 percent by weight), and carbon (0.08 percent by weight).
The coatings and foil produced using this sputtering target had a thickness of several micrometers (μm).The thickness of the foil and coating produced according to this invention is related to the deposition time used. Shorter times produce thinner coatings and foil, while longer times produce thicker coatings and foil.
Generally, foil is produced by depositing metal onto a substrate that the metal does not strongly adhere to. Foil was produced using this invention by sputter depositing 330 SS onto substrates such as glass, and oxide-coated silicon (Si). After sputter deposition, the metal coating was peeled off the substrate to produce metal foil.
By contrast, when the adherence of the sputter deposited metal is strong, then the deposit can be used as a coating.
A magnetron gun was used for sputter deposition. The target and the substrate were separated by a distance of about 4 inches.
Sputter deposition has been described, for example, by M. Ohring in "The Material Science of Thin Films," Academic Press (1992). Briefly, a coating of the present invention is prepared as follows. First, the sputtering chamber is evacuated to a base pressure of about 5�10−8 torr. After the chamber is evacuated, then argon gas having a pressure of about 5 millitorr is admitted into the chamber. Afterward, about 400 Watts of dc power are applied to a magnetron gun. The target is attached to the gun, so application of the dc powder results in application of the dc power to the target, which results in removal of target material from the target and deposition of removed target material onto the substrate. Under these conditions, when 330 SS was used as the target, the deposition rate was about 0.5 nanometers per second. Deposition is continued for a period of time to deposit a desired amount of target material.
Some of the coating and foil deposited according to this invention involved applying a negative dc bias to the substrate of up to about 300 volts. This bias resulted in the production of argon ions that bombarded the deposit during deposition. Results indicate that the argon ion bombardment altered the intrinsic, growth residual stress of the coating (for a discussion related to intrinsic, growth residual stress, see, for example M. Nastasi, J. W. Mayer, and J. K. Hirvonen, "Ion-Solid Interactions: Fundamentals and Applications", Cambridge University Press, (1996), chapter 13, p 363; and M. Ohring, The Material Science of Thin Films, Academic Press (1992), p 420).
Many coatings and foil samples were prepared in order to demonstrate the reproducibility of the method of the invention, and to examine the effect of residual stress on the microstructures and hardness of the resulting coatings and foil.
The invention may be better understood using the accompanying figures.
The layered zigzag structure is shown schematically in
The mechanical properties of the nanoscale, twinned structure of the invention were investigated. Indentation experiments were performed to measure the Young's modulus and hardness of the structure, and wafer substrate curvature experiments were performed to measure residual stress. The results are shown in
The residual stress-free films that were produced with a bias of about −300 volts appear to have the highest hardness. Also, the nanometer-spaced twinned structure of the films of the invention does not appear to change with changes in the residual stress in the film.
While not intending to be bound by any particular explanation, one possible mechanism that explains the origin of the high strength of the twinned coating and foil of this invention is now described. Molecular dynamics (MD) were used to investigate the role of a {111} twin interface in blocking single dislocation transmission in face-centered-cubic (fcc) metals. In
While no model has been developed to explain why the spacing of twins is only a few nanometers, it is believed that the high density of twins may be related to the low stacking fault energy (SFE) of austenitic stainless steels. The invention may thus be extended to other low stacking fault energy materials produced by vapor deposition. Examples of low SFE materials include austenitic stainless steels (SFE of from about 10 to about 40 mJ/m2); silver (SFE of about 25 mJ/m2); brass (SFE of about 10 mJ/m2); and the like. Materials such as copper would be in the medium SFE range (SFE of about 80 mJ/m2), while nickel (SFE of about 150 mJ/m2) and aluminum (SFE of about 200 mJ/m2) (see, for example: G. Dieter, Mechanical Metallurgy, 3rd edition, McGraw-Hill (1986) p. 137).
Alloying can be used to reduce SFE. Alloying copper with zinc, for example, produces a-brass with much lower SFE than pure copper. Since some of these materials, such as copper, are widely used as electrical conductors but performance is often limited by mechanical strength (e.g. conductors in high field magnets rupture if the force from the magnetic field exceeds the mechanical strength), this approach may be used to design electrical conductors having high mechanical strength.
Other depositing techniques besides sputter deposition could be used to prepare a high strength, nanometer scale twinned coating and/or foil. Examples of other deposition methods include, but are not limited to, pulsed laser deposition, electron beam evaporation, chemical vapor deposition, electrodeposition, and the like.
The production of twinned structures in bulk materials is well known. For example, twinned structures have been introduced into bulk materials using shock loading. Twins produced via shock loading are randomly oriented and have spacing in the range of a few tens to hundreds of nanometers. By contrast, twins produced by sputter deposition according to this invention are oriented parallel to each other and to the surface of the substrate, and the twin planes are separated by a distance on the order of a few nanometers. Consequently, coatings produced using this invention are much harder than those produced using shock loading. Data that relate hardness versus the grain size (or the distance between twin planes of a twinned material) are plotted in the graph shown in
The invention has been demonstrated by preparing high strength stainless steel coatings and SS foil. These materials prepared using this invention, and others that may be prepared, can be used for a wide variety of applications. The surface hardness and wear resistance of stainless steel articles of all shapes and sizes may be improved using this invention. This is especially important for the chemical and power engineering industries, which account for more than one third of the market for all stainless steel products. These products include, but not limited to, nuclear reactor vessels, heat exchangers, oil industry tubulars, components for chemical processing and pulp and paper industries, furnace parts, and boilers used in fossil fuel electric power plants, welding electrodes, high voltage switches, advanced active-cooling devices such as first wall, diverter interactive components, and magnetically confine fusion reactors. The invention may be used to improve the performance of these products, and other products, by providing them with a higher strength coating with perhaps increased wear resistance. Stainless steel products that are used in the automotive and aerospace industry, and for cryogenic applications, may also be modified using this invention. The invention can be used to provide a wide variety of biomedical devices with a high strength, wear resistant coating. Numerous medical and surgical devices that could be coated with a high strength, nanometer scale twinned coating according to this invention include orthopedic joints, stainless steel devices such as plates and spikes used for spinal fixation, and dental implants. Stainless steel surgical tools, such as scalpels, forceps, stents, and other commonly used medical tools could be modified by depositing a coating using this invention in order to improve their surface hardness and surface strength.
In summary, high strength coatings and foil have been produced according to the present invention. Insight into the strength of these materials has been provided via molecular dynamics simulations, which suggest that nanospaced twinned structures are resistant to slip transmission. While randomly oriented growth twins in materials such as copper have been reported (see, for example: D. Y. Y. Yu and F. Spaepen, Journal of Applied Physics, 15 Mar. 2004, vol. 95, no. 6, pp. 2991-2997), the twinned structures of this invention include twin planes that are parallel to the substrate surface with a twin plane spacing distance on the order of nanometers. Importantly, without compromising the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of stainless steel, the hardness and wear resistance of stainless steel may be significantly increased using this invention.
The foregoing description of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching.
The embodiment(s) were chosen and described in order to best explain the 1o principles of the invention and its practical application to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention in various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims appended hereto.
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A collection of short Photoshop and Illustrator projects and creative effects from computer graphics guru Deke McClelland.
Get the most out of the new features and enhancements in Photoshop CC 2015.
Learn how to create an eye-catching logo and adapt it to fit a variety of device-independent applications, from business cards to banner ads, using Illustrator and Photoshop.
Learn about the new features added to Photoshop CC. New chapters released for every major update!
Deke McClelland shares step-by-step tutorials and expert-level insights on the most powerful features in Photoshop CC, from HDR imaging and video editing to animation and automated actions.
Follow industry pro Deke McClelland as he plunges into the inner workings of Photoshop, from Smart Objects to smart selections.
Build on your basic knowledge and achieve next-level effects in Photoshop CC.
A personalized tour of the basic tools and techniques that lie behind great images and graphic design in Photoshop CC, in an update to the flagship series.
Learn what it takes to design your own mind-bending illusion with Illustrator and Photoshop.
Learn to create a silver-age superhero.
Learn the basics of Photoshop's 3D capabilities with Deke. Discover how to build simple 3D objects, add materials and lighting to your scene, and even create 3D type.
Introduces the latest and greatest features in the ever-evolving Photoshop CC.
Quickly learn how to use Photoshop for everyday design tasks—combining text and artwork, replacing backgrounds, and more.
Deke McClelland puts his own spin on the most powerful features in Photoshop, from HDR imaging and video editing to animation and automated actions.
Deke McClelland offers a comprehensive sneak peek at the new features in Photoshop CS6.
Follow industry pro Deke McClelland as he plunges into the workings of Photoshop, from Smart Objects and sharpening to smart selections.
Industry pro Deke McClelland teaches you how to build on your basic knowledge and achieve next-level effects in the premiere image-editing program from Adobe, Photoshop CS6.
Covers the image editing process from the very beginning and progresses through the concepts and techniques that every photographer or graphic designer should know.
Shows how to select hair—down to the individual strands—and composite portraits against new backgrounds.
Explores blending options in Photoshop and shows how to use them to create sophisticated effects and seamless compositions.
Shows how to make selections, refine the selections with masks, and then combine them in new ways.
Shows how to design a variety of vibrant 3D type effects in Photoshop Extended.
Shows how to create eye-catching designs and graphic art in Photoshop, in the shortest time possible.
Previews three new iPad apps that interface directly with Photoshop CS5.
Demonstrates the most powerful and empowering features of Photoshop CS5.
Dives into the advanced workings of Photoshop CS5.
Explores such indispensable Photoshop features as resolution, cropping, color correction, retouching, and layers.
Covers five of the most important new features in Photoshop CS5.
Counts down 40 top tools, commands, and concepts that allow users to get the most out of Photoshop.
Walks through the four primary purposes of Smart Objects, and focuses on one of their most practical advantages, non-destructive transformations.
Teaches the new features for sharpening in CS4, focusing on the OpenGL support.
A deep dive into the strongest features that Photoshop has to offer, including Smart Objects and Photomerge.
The second part of the popular and comprehensive series delving into Photoshop CS4.
Deke examines the essential capabilities of the application, from correcting color to retouching portraits.
Deke McClelland introduces the new features in CS4 while emphasizing core concepts.
Deke McClelland covers the latest developments in Adobe's powerhouse image editor, Photoshop CS4.
Alpha channels are used to build transitional blended layers, fashion a depth map, and make edge adjustments.
Breaks down complex techniques for using alpha channels to maximize results in Photoshop.
Deke McClelland explores such topics as navigation, color correction, resolution, and retouching in Photoshop CS3.
Deke McClelland teaches the most powerful, flexible, and unconventional features of Photoshop CS3.
Photoshop guru Deke McClelland teaches such tools as masking, filters, layers, blend modes, Liquify, and Vanishing Point.
Essential Photoshop CS3 skills, such as making selections, retouching, managing layers, and applying layer effects.
A comprehensive lesson in alpha channels, which inform almost every aspect of Photoshop.
"My design work is finally fun—now that I know what I'm doing. Thank you so much for your wonderful work!" —Katherine H.
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Acorn Owls
Adorable! These miniature owls are made from acorns and felt. A great craft project for fall.
Leafy Luminaries
These pretty jars light up the night with the help of Mother Nature.
Football Windsocks
Football season is here, so why not make some fun football themed windsocks to decorate your front porch?
Scarecrow Yarn Bug
While he won't really being scaring any crows away, he sure will look cute on your porch!
Candy Corn Family
What a fun project for Halloween, this cute candy corn family is a great fall display!
Sports Ball Ornaments
Great for Father's Day or for that sporty kid in your life!
Faux Stained Glass Candy Corn
A great suncatcher made from tissue paper and construction paper. A great fall or Halloween project for little ones.
Candy Corn Krispies
Rice Krispie treats made to look like candy corn! A fun Halloween treat.
Fall Birch Tree Painting
Celebrate Fall with these paintings! Kids use a unique process to create Birch trees and sponge on leaves.
Salt Dough Football
Salt dough is fun to work with and you can make so many different things, including this great football!
Golden Leaf Apples
A fun craft that takes just minutes and looks gorgeous on your Rosh HaShana or fall table.
Paper Plate Crow
A cute crow for autumn made from paper plates!
Fall Apple Golden Apple Garland
String together a fun golden apple garland to hang on chair backs or just about anywhere! A great craft for…
Fall Leaves Shirt
Adorable shirts made using foam stamps and fabric paint. Bright colors for fall look great on the dark background!
Apple Marshmallow Pops
Easy sparkly apple marshmallow pops for Fall. Perfect for a harvest party!
Wine Cork Stamped Rosh HaShana Card
Wine cork stamps are a fun way to make adorable cards for the Jewish New Year!
Football Star Shirt
Make a fun football shirt using foam stamps and fabric paint.
Paint and Stuff Football
Big paper footballs that are easy enough for even little ones to make.
Soft Gingerbread Football Cookies
Fun football and helmet shaped cookies made from soft gingerbread.
Football Pen Holder
A recycled can and some felt make for a great football pen holder can, also a great gift for Father's…
Scarecrow Sugar Cookies
These scarecrows are a little nutty – they're cut from an acorn cookie cutter. Whip up a batch of these…
Football Sandwich Cookies
These soft, chewy football cookies are perfect for the next school pep rally or a Sunday tailgating party with the…
Sewn Paper Footballs
Don't worry, you don't have to be a grown up to sew these fun footballs! Mom will punch some holes…
Pumpkin Softies
These little moody pumpkin softies are absolutely adorable! Pull out the felt, embroidery thread and buttons and make a bunch…
Pinecone Birds
Pinecones, chenille stems and craft foam make up this sweet, nature inspired bird crafts.
Football Rice Krispy Treats
Football season calls for fun kid friendly treats. Make these with your kids.
Scarecrow Cupcakes
Let the kids create some edible scarecrows to bring in the fall season. Easy and yummy!! Great for a fall…
Cereal Box Scarecrow
A fun way to recycle your cereal boxes into a cute fall centerpiece. Make scarecrows from recycled cardboard!
Apple Pops
Oreos dipped in melted candy melts make fun back to school treats.
Fall Leaf Candle Jar
This simple project results in a spectacular look. Fun for kids of all ages!
Cardboard Tube Scarecrow
This cute scarecrow is made from recycled materials and is fun to display!
Owl Cookies
A few quick candies and cookies turn ordinary whoopie pies or cupcakes into A Cute Hoot! My 4 year old…
Plastic Cup Crow
These cute little crow is a perfect fall craft. Made from cups and paint you too can make these little…
Tissue Paper Bonfire
Everyone loves a bonfire in the fall, here's a great way to make one with your kids!
Sunflower Brownie Pops
Fun food craft to do with the kids. Switch out the color of the candy to make a variety of…
Tissue Paper Indian Corn
These cute earns of Indian corn and made from squished up balls of colorful tissue paper. A great craft for…


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To the Editor:
I wasn't going to write this editorial because I know a lot of folks feel the oil and gas industry is wonderful. Then I almost got run off the road again by a water truck and felt I have to have my say.
My whole life has been living in this area. For a short period of time, I lived in Canton with my husband and our little girls.
My desire when my children grew near school age was to come again to Carroll County so they could attend a smaller school.
I have been where I am now for 33 years. When I moved here it was peaceful, tranquil and like a slice of heaven. I guess I felt it was going to stay that way. I was wrong!
Now I have trouble sleeping because I get awakened by loud roaring. Many times I wake up and go outside and smell fumes so heavy it chokes you.
I've been awakened by oil and gas trucks turning around in my driveway and tearing up my yard because they missed the road.
Also, they are running up and down my county road when they are not supposed to be on it to begin with, tearing it up.
Two months ago, I had my windshield broken by falling debris twice! I contacted the well-known oil and gas company in our area and they had no answer and said it was my problem. I've lived here all 33 years and before their arrival never had a broken windshield.
I have been reading that people have getting the shaft as far as royalties and not paid the full and right amount. All I have seen is negative from this situation.
Will our water be ruined also? I hear progress; this thing is so great. If this is progress and so good for Carroll County I simply can't see it but then I am basically a nobody.
Progress, wealth for some but what about our dear precious Carroll County?
Kathryn King
The Free Press Standard invites you to post your thoughts on the story in the box below.
These posts do not reflect the views of the The Free Press Standard or its employees.
©2013 The Free Press Standard
Carrollton Free Press Standard P. O. Box 37, Carrollton, OH 44615


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GalaxyTab priced ahead of launch
With the Samsung GalaxyTab set to hit stores on November 1st T3 has been informed about the expected prices of the mooted iPad competitor with consumers looking to snap up the Android powered tablet reportedly having to fork out £599 for a SIM-free GalaxyTab or £199 on a 24 month contract.
Speaking exclusively with T3, John Doughty, Mobile Division General Manager of Micro P a trade only technology distributor confirmed: "Our SRP for the Galaxy Tab to our customers as a standalone product SIM free is £599."
Doughty, who works closely with major mobile networks Vodafone, Orange, O2, T-Mobile and Three declared: "We will also be offering our Resellers the ability to sell the Galaxy Tablet as a network subsidised device at £199 on both Business & Consumer tariffs when bought as part of a £25 per month 2 year contract."
Although a single network has yet to declare it position on the GalaxyTab in terms of pricing and contractual limitations, Doughty said: "The Samsung Galaxy Tablet is one of our major product launches for 2010, and we've had great levels of interest, and demand for the product." He added: "A range of price packages will be available across all the major networks"
Does the expected high pricing of the Samsung GalaxyTab put you off the Android powered iPad competitor? Share your thoughts with us via the T3 Twitter and Facebook accounts.


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costotransverse joints
You have 3 open access pages left.UK healthcare workers and students can get FREE subscriptions... click here.
The costotransverse joints are the articulations on each side of the spinal column of a given thoracic rib with the transverse process of its corresponding thoracic vertebra:
In the upper 6 ribs, the facets are reciprocally concave and convex. Inferior ribs have planar facets in apposition. This has implications for respiratory movements. The upper ribs are rotated upwards and laterally about their axis of rotation on external oblique contraction whereas the lower ribs are elevated just laterally.
The costotransverse joints are reinforced by the costotransverse ligaments.


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Men's Golf Finishes Second Day at Puerto Rico Classic
Feb. 24, 2014
RIO GRANDE, Puerto Rico – Buoyed by a strong individual performance from senior Logan Harrell, the NC State men's golf team cut three strokes from its first-round score to shoot a 293 in the second day of competition at the 2014 Puerto Rico Classic on Monday.
Harrell led the way for the Pack during the second round of the three-round tournament, carding a 69 (-3) at the Rio Mar Country Club's River Course. The senior recorded four birdies during his second time through the course and has now accumulated six through two rounds of play.
Currently tied for 20th place, Harrell has fired a score of 142 (-2) through two rounds of play.
"Due to the recent weather we've had (this winter), we're still a bit rusty," Harrell said. "However, the more rounds we play, the more comfortable everyone is starting to get.
"We are hoping to go out and just try and improve each day," he added.
As a team, NC State dropped three strokes from its first-round score of 296 and is now sitting in sole possession of 13th place with a mark of 589 (+13).
No. 1 Alabama remains in first place with a 545 (-31) while No. 3 Georgia Tech is second with a 555 (-21). The Pack is currently ahead of Northwestern (593, +17) and North Carolina (596, +20) at the tournament.
Senior James Chapman also improved his score from Sunday's first round, dropping one stroke to shoot a 73 (+1) on Monday. He is now currently tied for 41st place with a two-round mark of 147 (+3).
David Cooke (T-52nd), Carter Page (T-60th), and Chad Cox (T-72nd) shot scores of 75, 76, and 80, respectively, on Monday.
The Wolfpack will wrap up play at the 2014 Puerto Rico Classic on Tuesday, Feb. 25. Tee times are set to begin at 7:30 a.m.
Puerto Rico Classic – Results Through Two Rounds


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BOSTON – Alex Chiasson scored at 6:42 of the second overtime to lift the sixth-ranked and third-seeded Boston University to a 5-4 win over the University of New Hampshire men's hockey team Sunday afternoon's Hockey East quarterfinal action at Agganis Arena. With the win, the Terriers captured a 2-1 win in the series by virtue of Saturday's 4-2 win. UNH won game one 3-2 in double overtime.
Freshman Casey DeSmith (Rochester, N.H.) turned aside a career-high 50 shots, while his counterpart Kieran Millan stopped a career-high 68 shots in the winning effort. In addtion, freshman forward Casey Thrush (Easton, Md.) scored a career-high two goals, while Greg Burke (Lee, N.H.) and Mike Borisenok (Watervliet, N.Y.) lit the lamp for the Wildcats.
UNH closes out the 2011-12 season 15-19-3. Boston University is now 23-13-1. The Terriers advance to the Hockey East semifinals at TD Garden next weekend.
After New Hampshire had a series of bid early in the second overtime, it was Chiasson knocking home the rebound of a Wade Megan shot for the winner. Chiasson finished with a goal and three assists in the game. UNH had eight of the 11 shots in the second OT and held a 72-55 shot advantage for the contest.
UNH appeared to have the game's first goal as Grayson Downing (Abbottsford, British Columbia) knocked home a rebound, but it was ruled to be hit in with a high stick. BU wasted little time to take advantage of the break scoring just 52 later as Evan Rodrigues scored in transition with assists from Matt Nieto and Sean Escobedo at 4:11 of the period. New Hampshire answered with a pair of goals from its third line. Thrush netted both of them with helpers from Austin Block (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) and Matt Willows (Congers, N.Y.) on each goal. The first of those goals came as Willows fought behind the net to keep the puck in and fed it to Block whose shot trickled out to Thrush for the put in on the right slot. The go-ahead goal came in transition as Block passed to Willows near center ice and Willows found an open Thrush in the center of the ice for the one-timer. UNH controlled play in the first with a 16-4 shot advantage including holding BU without a shot on net over the final nine-plus minutes in the frame.
Each team scored twice in the second period, in a tale of two halves. UNH controlled the play in the first half of the frame netting goals at 1:42 and 4:34 to build a 4-1 lead. BU got back into it with goals at 16:11 and 18:58 of the period. Burke scored UNH's first goal on the power play. Trevor van Riemsdyk (Middletown, N.J.) fired a shot wide of the net, but Downing was behind the net and passed it out to an open Burke in the slot. The second tally was a shorthanded goal by Borisenok. Borisenok and Kevin McCarey (Baldwinsville, N.Y.) nearly connected on a shorthanded goal just moments before the eventual tally. BU attempted to enter the zone and McCarey stole the puck and found Borisenok behind the defense, who finished his one-on-none opportunity against Millan. The Terriers scored a pair of rebound goals. Garrett Noonan scored both of them after a scrum in front of the net. Chris Connolly and Alex Chiasson assisted on the first, while Chiasson and Ruikka added helpers on the second goal. UNH held a 21-16 shot edge in the period.
The Terriers wasted little time to tie it at 4-4. Wade Megan scored on a wrister from the left circle. Noonan and Chiasson were credited with assists on the goal just 30 seconds into the frame. BU would continue to control play through the early minutes of the third, but could not breakthrough. The Wildcats had an effective power play in the middle of the frame that evened out play, but neither team could score forcing overtime for the second time in the series.
In a scoreless overtime both teams had golden opportunities to tuck away the game winner. A combined 20 shots on net, BU held a 16-14 edge in the extra frame. Perhaps UNH's best bid came in the final five minutes when a Stevie Moses (Leominster, Mass.) one-timer was stoned by an aggressive Millan.
DeSmith, despite a career-best effort falls to 9-10-1, while Millan, who had two career-high performances during the weekend, is now 19-14-1.
The game was the final one for six UNH seniors. Borisenok, Moses, McCarey, Damon Kipp (Salmon Arm, British Columbia), Tyler Scott (Ridgefield, Conn.) and Matt Di Girolamo (Ambler, Pa.) all competed in their last games as Wildcats.


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Sheesh! I feel like I just got back from Philly, and tomorrow I'm bound for Baltimore! This has been a year of travel for me, and even though it's been tough to pull off, it's been totally worth it. I've not only been able to amp up my skill set and improve my business, but… [read more]
The Moments You May Have Missed: Easy Photo Storage with #SeahorseApp #CleverGirls
September 18, 2014 by Leave a Comment
Disney Junior Launches New Doc McStuffins App!
May 10, 2013 by 5 Comments
I had to go to the doctor today, and I had no choice but to take both kids with me. I was a little worried about my son's "poor behavior-itis" so I agreed to let him get a new app on my phone to keep him busy while we were there. The timing was perfect,… [read more]


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DVD Ripper HD
By Leawo Software Co., Ltd.
Open the Mac App Store to buy and download apps.
Enjoy HD movies on any devices!
DVD Ripper HD is an easy-to-use DVD to video converter software. It helps you backup DVD to all popular video and audio formats with high conversion speed. It supports conversion for portable devices and also provides optimized output setting for iPod, iPhone, iPad and YouTube.
Note:DVD Ripper HD App Store version can not support copyright DVDs. Contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com to handle all DVDs!
Key Features:
- Added the ability to convert 2D to 3D
- Magically save DVD to all popular video and audio formats
- Powerful handy options for video editing Functions
- Enjoy DVD movies easily on all popular devices: iPod, iPhone, iPad and more
- Merge several DVD chapters into one
- Easy-to-use
What's New in Version 2.3.1
Fixed the problem that some discs stuck in 98% and failed to load.
Customer Reviews
Good App
This app is one of best at App Store, they need to have an upgrade to allow to ripper at 1080p.
Does not work!!
This app doesn't do anything but crash. Everytime I tried to use the app, it would crash again and again. I have no use for it, save your money!!!! ZERO Stars!!!!!!
App wont update
This was a horrible app prior to the update, now the update will not even download. Save your 19.99 and download Handbrake(rips multiple items in multiple formats)
- $19.99
- Category: Video
- Updated: Aug 05, 2013
- Version: 2.3.1
- Size: 21.6 MB
- Languages: English, Dutch, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese, Spanish
- Seller: Leawo Software Co., Ltd.
- © 2013 Leawo Software Co., Ltd.
Compatibility: OS X 10.6.6 or later


text:
Plan partners with a variety of development organisations that work to improve children's lives in developing countries. In addition, Plan has formed corporate partnerships throughout the world.
Development partners
Action for Global Health (AFGH)
A cross-Europe network of non-governmental organisations and charities, calling for Europe to act now to enable developing countries to achieve the health Millennium Development Goals by 2015.
Child Rights Information Network (CRIN)
A global network that disseminates information about the Convention on the Rights of the Child and child rights amongst non-governmental organisations, United Nations agencies, inter-governmental organisation, educational institutions, and other child rights experts. The coordinating unit is based in London, UK.
Global Call to Action Against Poverty (GCAP)
A worldwide alliance of organisations and individuals campaigning to reduce poverty through trade justice, debt cancellation, increased and better quality aid, and national efforts to achieve the Millennium Development Goals.
Global Movement for Children (GMC)
Established in 2001, the Global Movement for Children aims to put children's rights on the public agenda. Founded by Plan in partnership with UNICEF, the International Save the Children Alliance, World Vision International, Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC) and Netaid.org.
Global Campaign for Education (GCE)
The GCE believes that free, quality basic education for everyone is not only an essential right, but an achievable goal. 125,000,000 children are still out of school, and one in three adults is illiterate. Determined to end this injustice, aid agencies, non-government organisations, child rights activists, and teachers' and public sector unions operating in 180 countries have joined forces to launch the GCE.
Keeping Children Safe
Keeping Children Safe is a network of organisations working together to increase safeguards offered to children. It strives to ensure children globally are protected from all forms of violence, abuse and exploitation.
An information technology consortium of 18 leading international non-governmental organisations. Through member knowledge sharing, collaboration and by facilitating public benefit collaborations with major corporations, NetHope enables members to extend their communications infrastructure and leverage of internet-based applications to help millions of people in more than 100 developing countries.


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Crock-Book Holder by Tovolo
- 1 carton (12 ounces) frozen reduced-fat whipped topping, thawed, divided
- 1 can (15 ounces) reduced-sugar fruit cocktail, drained
- 1 prepared angel food cake (10 inches)
- 1 can (11 ounces) Mandarin oranges, drained
- 1 large navel orange, sliced, optional
- Fresh mint, optional
Fold 1 1/2 cups whipped topping into fruit cocktail just until blended. Split cake horizontally into three layers; place one layer on a serving plate. Spread with half of the fruit mixture.
Repeat layers. Top with remaining cake layer. Frost top and sides with remaining whipped topping. Arrange mandarin oranges on top. Refrigerate until serving. Garnish with orange slices and mint if desired.
Special Offer: Take advantage of a special offer for Cooking.com guests and subscribe today to Taste of Home magazine! Click for details.
Recipe reprinted by permission of Reiman Publications, LLC. © 2002. All rights reserved.
RecID 6646
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Affordable timber staircases from StairBox - Top staircase manufacturers.
Impeccable service with nationwide delivery.
StairBox have moved!
We would like to advise our customers that we have moved! Our new address is:
StairBox, Gordon Banks Drive, Trentham Lakes, Stoke-on-Trent, ST4 4TW
a part of
"I wanted to let you know how impressed I have been with your products and service. This is the first time I have used Stairbox and to be honest I was quite apprehensive, it being such a big purchase and a bespoke item. My builder was also concerned, including that we'd get the dimensions wrong. The support your team gave me ensured I got it right, they were incredibly helpful, talking me through the details of the measurements, sending me pictures of options, advising on small but important aspects of the purchase. They always called back and responded as agreed, I received a really high level of service. The produce and price was great too! The delivery was fast, exactly when you said it would be and we received lots of updates to reassure us. All in all, just the best experience I could have had, just a pity I don't need to buy more sets of stairs! I am sure my builder will be using you in future, even though he wouldn't be the sort to order stairs off the internet. I would recommend Stairbox to anyone, as long as you can use a tape measure!"
– Thanks Kathryn
"Mike, thanks to everyone at Stairbox for the first class products we received from a very professional run business great Web site I was kept informed at every step of the way from concept to delivery clients (and myself ) very pleased with end product wouldn't hesitate to use Stairbox again"
– Many thanks Fred Mccandless - joiner
"Alex, Staircase received 29 August, fitted 30 August went in like a dream, we liked the method of constrution with the bolts and sockets, as a quality product would definitely use Stairbox again. Best Regards,"
"Received the staircase yesterday as promised. Both the carpenter and the builder are very impressed with the quality of the stairs and I am pleased to report that they were installed with minimum effort. Looking very good I am also pleased with the competitive price so once again thank you for your efforts on my behalf, Regards"
–Bryan Mason
"We are indeed very satisfied with both the quality of your product and the quality of your customer service and will happily leave very positive feedback. I have, in fact, already recommended your services to a friend who mentioned she wants to change her staircase - so hopefully there will be some more business to come your way. Once the house is finished we will of course send you some high quality pictures of the stairs too. I understand that you have only stock photo's of the hybrid so we will rectify that."
–Thank you again and best regards, Shenna
"Just a note to say how pleased I am with my stairs that were delivered yesterday. From my first phone call I found your service to be helpful, efficient, and prompt. The design was excellent, pricing clear and delivery was right in the middle of the given times. However it is the quality of the stair case that most concerned me, you can never be sure when buying on line; but I need not have worried. My carpenters were most impressed with the stairs as they put them together and commented on how accurate the measurements were. It fits beautifully, looks great and I am thrilled to have already got a coat of varnish on tonight! Thank you so much. I will recommend your service and products."
"Hi Chris. Just a quick note to say Thanks...brilliant job. Your driver turned up within 10 minutes of the allotted time, the stairs are very strong and fitted the opening perfectly! Overall I couldn't ask for a better service. Will definetly use you again when the time comes and will recommend to others as well. Top job ! Cheers and best regards,
–Paul Jackson
"Hi Mike, Just wanted to let you know how please I was with the stairs you supplied. Always a bit worrying when you order off the internet without seeing the quality. The carpenter who fitted them for me was very impressed and asked for your details. He said they fitted together like a good jigsaw puzzle. I am working on my next house now so will defiantly be using you again. Many thanks,
"Hello Mike, You were recently able to assist in the drawing and supplying of a staircase that was for quite a difficult project. But went really well many thanks for all your help on this.
–Many thanks, Allan Ball
"Hello Mahmoud, Just to say what another fabulous job, you and your team have done making all five flights of stairs.. They all fitted like a glove.
–Kind Regards, Kev Stillwell Glastonbury
"Have fitted the staircase today, it is perfect and beautifully made, will be in touch, will def recommend you.
–Many Thanks, John & Wendy
"Hi Chris,Just wanted to drop you a line saying how impressed I am with you and Stairbox. My design changed numerous times and with your help and advice we got the desired staircase in the end. Will you please show this to your management and just to say I will be using Stairbox again and would not hesitate to recommend your company.
–Many Thanks, John & Pete Green
"Thank you for your excellent service and communications but most of all please pass on my sincere thanks for the patience and help shown by your driver. He was most helpful and positive in his attitude, much appreciated !
–Regards, Alan R. & Wendy
"Tom, Just a quick note to say the staircase is excellent, and does exactly what it says on the tin! I can't see why anyone would not use Stairbox if they have a need for a bespoke staircase. There is almost literally no cutting involved. The attention to detail is also very good, with a lot of traditional joinery techniques used, rather than shortcuts which could have been used.
–Cheers, Fergus - Bucks
"Hi Mike, Delivery arrived on time as promised, all parts shrink wrapped and labelled. I would like to thank you for your very professional service, what a refreshing change. I will have no hesitation in recommending you to colleagues.
– Regards, Jenny Bean West Yorkshire
"Hi just a short email to say i am very impressed with the staircase you made quality is superb as is the price it fitted like a glove, My carpenters were both very impressed, I certainly will not be going elsewhere for staircases in the future and will recommend you to my fellow builder friends, I was also surprised just how easy it was ordering from your website.
– Phil Hewitt, London
"I am writing to thank you for the very efficient way in which you have dealt with my order. From the experience of your design portal on your web-site to the order process and the delivery on the day that was stated. the staircase came well wrapped and when fitting it, everything was cut to size, all the joints went together extremely well it fitted into the structure like a glove. Everything was included wedges, dowels, grain pins. Thank you from a very satisfied customer, I will have no problem coming back to you if and when I have a project that requires a staircase. from a very satisfied customer."
– Christopher
"Dear Stair box, Thank you so much for your product and service. We fitted our new stairs and they are great. They are very well made and spot on! We shall recommend you to our friends and will use you in future.Thanks and best regards"
– Rob & Amanda Smith, London
"Hi, I just wanted to say thankyou for a great product and great service. The delivery of the staircase was in good time and the quality of the staircase that we ordered was really good. Thankfully the staircase fits the space perfectly and looks great. Kind regards, "
– Lisa, Brighton.
"Today I fitted my stairs, i have to say how impressed I was with the quality of the product and the how simple it was to fit, I have invited the manager of my local independent builders merchant to have a look at them installed as he is very keen to offer your product to all his customers, no doubt when he sees them he will be in contact with you. Many thanks for all your help with desigining and supplying such a wonderfull product. Yours Sincerely,"
– Mike
"The delivery went well and we fitted the stairs which went in without any difficulty. My guys on site are very impressed as I am with your prompt service and advice. We have recommended you to several other firms in the area. Perhaps more importantly, we had a visit this week by our Building Control inspector who was equally impressed when we explained. I gave him your details which hopefully he will pass on to others. The weather is delaying us connection with our next project, but I hope to be in touch with you again in the New Year. With thanks and kind regards"
– Alan
"Hi Tom Just to let you know the staircase was perfect and fits like a dream considering the short timescale, exceptional quality. Thank you very much. I will send you some pics when it is all stained up. It was going to be painted but the client said its too good for painting. I am a fully qualified bench joiner/ cabinet maker myself and thought it was great quality for the money."
"Hello stair box, my wife and I would like to thank you all for all your help and guidance with our new stair case. The stairs arrived in perfect condition on the date that you gave. We are pleased to inform you that the stair case is in and that we now have access to our upstairs. Once again many many thanks from the Parkinson family. We shall be passing on your good name. Thanks "
– L Parkinson
"I have been meaning to write to you for some time as I was, and still am, very impressed with your staircase. My builder and joiner who fitted it also praised your work and have noted your website for future reference. I am not often driven to praise suppliers for their products but your quality and value for money and the several confidence building conversations with you have truely won me over. Please accept my Best Wishes for your continued success in 2012 and beyond."
– Richard
"Just a short note to let you know how delighted I was with the stair parts you supplied for the Barge Project. The wooden stair parts was spot on. I am delighted with it & I will recommend your company to any of my clients requiring a stair parts in the future. Cheers,"
– Raymond
"We recently purchased one of you paddle staircases and I must say we were absolutely delighted! When it arrived we were most impressed by the design of the wood, thickness of the sections etc it looked most substantial, we quickly installed your kit with no problems at all and it looks stunning! im well happy your assistance. Best Wishes,"
– David
"Hi, thought i would drop a line to thank you for your good service and delivery when purchasing my stairs. The stairs are now fitted and the joiners who fitted them were impressed with your product and your high standard of product for the money. Amazing stairs,"
– Donald
"I wanted to let you know how im impressed by stairbox for your helpfull advice. I took delivery of our wooden staircase on Monday as promised. Being a double winder I thought it would be complicated, but it was installed the same day by myself and my wife on our own. We left it a couple of days for the glue to cure fully before walking on it. We have climbed up the stairs now and there was not a single creek! the stairway looks great"
"May I take this opportunity to let you know how happy I am for all your help and excellent communications with us during the past few weeks. I found stairbox and yourself in particualar a pleasure to deal with, and was impressed by the staircases prices and delivery options offered."
"Staircase All received. Many thanks to all for easy to use website. Your whole staircase design and stair part ordering system is so easy to use, I was kept well informed and the stairs look first class. All the best,"
– John
"Thankyou very much, brilliant staircase and super service. Will definetly use you again and we've already reccomended you to others!
–Kind Regards, Paul Jones Shropshire
"My stairs are in perfectly. Thank you Stairbox for a really perfect staircase, the delivery was on time and driver really helpful. Communications with Alex waas a breeze, and with all wedges, blocks, screws and even glue was included. If i need another staircase I know who to go to. Congratulations Stairbox may long continue to make stairs."
"I Just wanted to let know how happy I am for the excellent service you have provided for me, the stairs are well made and fitted great, correspondance was good from you and delivery was on time and driver was cheerful and helpful."
– Pete Jones.
"After resently purchasing stairs from yourselfs I am writting to prise you with the promt and proffessional service I received and all staff I delt with were freindly and helpful and I would not hesitate from recommending Stairbox if any one asked me. As extra stair parts I ordered fitted well."
"I've just received my parts delivery from Darren I was so impressed at how polite the driver was and I would like to take this opportunity to say how impressed I am with Stairbox for a absolute cracking service second to none! I will not hesitate to use you again for other stair parts and will recommend your services to others, I wish you all the success in the future."
"Just thought i'd drop you a line to say how pleased I am with the service provided for the staircases, the stairs fitted perfectly. This is our first time using your website and the from our first impression really impressed with the staircases. Rest assured we wil use you again on future projects which require wooden staircases."
– Frank
"We are delighted with the way that the stairs has gone. The design of the baluster system is a great piece of quality materials, we just love it. It sets off our new open stairwell wonderfully. We have also had the opportunity to compare the quality of the materials we received from AVC/Stairbox via our carpenter. He rates the stair and balustrading you provided highly. Regards,"
– Dave
"Just a quick line to say how impressed I am with your service and the quality and design of the stairs, to be honest I did not expect much for 400 quid but they went together a lot easier than stairs costing £1200 and to have them on site within a few days of order is really quite amazing, im so happy, I shall recommend you to other developers. Regards,"
– Steve
"Your staircase design software is extremely usefull and your staff were extremly helpfull in discussing a few fine tuning points of the design that did not quite fit in with the standard options. Thank you so much, we would definately use you again for future projects. Regards,"
– Marcus
"I don't know if you get feedback from customers, but I would like to say thanks for your staircase, it went in and together no problem at all, delivered on time, if I ever need any more staircases or stair parts, I will use you again with no reservations."
– Bruce
"Just a line to let you know how pleased we are with the paddle stairs you made for us back in January. They fitted perfectly, are much safer than our previous arrangement and look really good in our recently decorated hall. We were so impressed with the service we received from Stairbox from enquiry to delivery."
"I have recently received and installed a ready assembled loft staircase from you and am sending this email to commend you and your colleagues on the quality of workmanship and for the speedy delivery service. I would have no hesitation in recommending you to anyone."
"Alex - Just a quick note to say your stairs are now installed and they're fantastic! Thanks to all at stairbox."
–Paul - Buckinghamshire
"IMPRESSIVE the wooden stairs is exactly what you said it would be, it`s exactly what i wanted, a good quality product not a flimsy, flexy, thrown together pile of wood fitted wrong which I have been shown and made to believe to be quality stairs by some joineries I have visited. -"
– Andrew
"I would just like to say, i will be using your company again, first class stairs, fitting them today and are pleased with your service is also first class and will be recomending your company to my other builder friends, it has been a pleaseure doing business with you,"
– Andrew
"Just a quick note to say cheers for a efficient service, the wooden staircase parts look great and my in laws and builder are really impressed with the quality. I would be happy to recommend stairbox to my friends."
"Just a quick note to say how pleased I am with the wooden staircase. It fitted perfectly and the workmanship is first class. I have not fitted the wooden handrails and wooden spindles yet so they do not get damaged while I carry on with the build but I am sure they will be fine as well."
"I must say, I feel it was a bit of a gamble buying stairs from a company I'd never dealt with but I'm pleased to say they fitted perfectly and my wife and I are absolutely delighted with the final result. I passed your details on to my carpenter, he was equally impressed and thought the stairs were fantastic value. I cant praise you enough for all your help and we wish your staircase company every success for the future."
– Richard
"I purchased 2 double winder staircases from you a couple a weeks ago for my business, and just want to say I am thoroughly delighted with the service and excellent workmanship, now fitted they look great, I will recommend you all the time, All the Best,"
– Jim
"Just to let you know that the wooden staircases you supplied installed very well. The extra stairparts matched very well too! It's a job well done!!"
– Steve
"Hey u guys i just thought i would tell u that i am really pleased with the wooden stairs! they are now in place and look real good, all that is needed is the minor twiddlys to finish. there is no one close to where i live who would help me with my stair parts. I will definetly recommend you guys."
– simon
"Just to say we got the staircases Wednesday. I Want to thank you for the speedy delivery and quality of staircases it fitted like a glove. Will recommend you to friends and family, the service you have provided us its top class. Thanks so much"
– Barry
"At last, I managed to set about the stairs that I collected a few weeks ago. Took me 2 hours to put together and another hour to erect, all fitted well and look great, and are very impressed with your wooden staircases"
– Paul
"Really pleased with your service, the softwood stairs and wooden staircase parts were at a low price, a high quality designs and we recieved excellent customer service. We will definitely use you again for any other contracts."
– Alex and Dean contractors
"Just a quick email to say how happy i am for the service provided, i will use and recommend you as and when any stair jobs appear, we put it together and fitted it in about 4 hours, everything fitted superbly,"
– Bruce
"Just a quick bit of feedback to say what a good job on the oak stairs, they're perfect for what we wanted. Thanks."
– Rob
"Hi Stairbox, the joy of being able to use the staircase you made me and not having to use a ladder anymore (at my new build) is almost a religious experience, thanks so much for the quick service"
– Nikk Ming
"Stairs are in. We love them. The joiner took his time cos he loved the piece. Thanks very much for a great experience. Even your driver Nigel was a lovely guy.
"Dear chris, I have recieved my 3rd staircase and would like to say what a great service you provide, Without your help my housing projects would not have been finished on time, These designer staircases fitted well and finsihed the project off. I would recomend you to everbody. Kind regards,"
– Keith
"The stair parts and staircase fitted a treat with your help and a punctual, speedy transaction 8 days from order to delivery, thats impressive. Regards, "
– Stephen
"Thank you for supplying the wooden stairs they are fitted and work and look excellent, I would certainly recommend you.."
– John Paul
"We are so pleased with our staircase - superb and great service! Delighted to recommend if needed! Thank you, Kind Regards"
– Diane Evans, Sherringham.
"The hardwood staircases, delivered in excellent condition as stated. with a helpfull driver, fast turnaround "
– Gary
" The wooden staircases meet our deadline, we would have been stuck without you guys, the stairs are now in now and look fab, I would recommend your wooden staircases to anyone! Cheers,"
– Di.
"Staircases were delivered yesterday as promised and fitted this morning. Great job - Wont hesitate to use you again for all of our stair parts and wooden stairs!"
– Jackie
"Thanks Alex - I can thoroughly recommend your site, my spindles and other stair parts arrived only two working days after ordering, and the stair parts are really well made. You have been most helpful, polite and prompt in answering all my email queries, and I am more than pleased with the price, the usual shops like Homebase and Wickes are much more expensive, Packaging and delivery service have been first class. Many thanks once again and all the best with the company"
– Darrin
"Just an email to say the stairs are great and with the extremely quick delivery i`ll definitely recommend you if any one i know require any stairs cheers"
– Leigh
"Many thanks for the time you spent with me over the phone about my stairs, we have now got them in and looks great."
– Peter
"I just thought I would let you know that our designer staircases are fitted and we are really pleased with the quality design, price and service. Thank you so much."
"Please find attached the photos of our wooden staircase. As we said on the phone we are more than pleased with the design quality and the appearance, it went into place without a hitch."
Standard 2600mm rise staircases available at just £120+vat.
Buy online
click here for more info.
From the blog
This is our latest and greatest creation – we are proud to introduce to you, ClearCut. Our teams are constantly working to create new styles and concepts so that our customer's wants and needs are catered for. Our most popular styles currently involve American White Oak and 8mm Toughened and Polished Glass. With this […]26th MayStairBox Making Headlines
StairBox has been busy these last few weeks – As we are sure you all know! We have been having a great time, solving lots of issues with the move etc, half of which we'd have never thought of! It has been great that we are not the only people that have been waffling on about […]15th MayStairBox at the NEC HomeBuilding and Renovating Show 2015
A few weeks ago we had a stand at the NEC HomeBuilding and Renovating Show and we wanted to show show you guys that were unable to visit just what you missed! To start off here is our latest and greatest creation, ClearCut. You can see the crisp angular nature of the American White Oak […]


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Sunday Reading
The New York Times' Andrew Martin muses on the carbon footprints of locavores. He wonders aloud "If it's fresh and local, is it always greener?" I'll have more to say about this tomorrow.
On the Houston Press' blog my friend Robb Walsh champions the cause of velveeta cheese when it's used in Tex-Mex cooking and finds himself in hot water with a sophisticated eater friend in Portland, Oregon. Robb made me laugh because I appreciate his passion for foods other people might find objectionable.


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Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- About the Graduate Degrees
- Graduate Programs
- Guidelines for Admission Status
- Graduate Financial Support
- How to Apply
- Pre-Application Form
- Chem Grad Students Association
- Chemistry Department Scholarships
- Graduate Student Handbook and Forms
- Fellowships, Scholarships and Stipends
- Regular Faculty A-Z
- Adjunct Faculty A-Z
- Emeriti Faculty A-Z
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- Directory
- Daniel W. Armstrong
- William A. Baker
- Edward Bellion
- Alejandro Bugarin
- Saiful Chowdhury
- Purnendu (Sandy) K. Dasgupta
- Rasika Dias
- Ronald L. Elsenbaumer
- Frank W. Foss
- Robert F. Francis
- Jongyun Heo
- Junha Jeon
- Kayunta Johnson-Winters
- Peter Kroll
- Carl J. Lovely
- Frederick MacDonnell
- Subhrangsu S. Mandal
- Dennis S. Marynick
- Brad S. Pierce
- Martin Pomerantz
- Laszlo Prokai
- Krishnan Rajeshwar
- Jimmy R. Rogers
- Zoltan A. Schelly
- Kevin A. Schug
- E. Thomas Strom
- Norma Tacconi
- Seiichiro Tanizaki
- Richard B. Timmons
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- Robin Macaluso
- Research Interests Grid
- Analytical Chemistry
- Biochemistry
- Colloids/Surfaces
- Education
- Electrochemistry
- Environmental Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry
- Materials/Polymers
- Medicinal Chemistry
- Nanochemistry
- Organic Chemistry
- Organometallic Chemistry
- Physical Chemistry
- Separation
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- Theory/Computation
Jongyun Heo
Associate Professor
Office: 351 CPB, Email: email@example.com, Phone: 817-272-9627, FAX: 817-272-3808
Cellular redox agents contribute to a plethora of both physiological and pathophysiological processes as they can promote DNA damage as well as oxidative inactivation or activation of certain redox-active proteins. Our research efforts focus on elucidating the mechanisms by which (i) redox-active small GTPases, including the proto-oncoprotein p21Ras (Ras), and (ii) redox-active phosphatases are regulated by redox agents.
"Superoxide Inhibits Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor (GEF) Action on Ras, but not on Rho, through Desensitization of Ras to GEF" Michael Wey, Vinh Phan, Gerardo Yepez, and Jongyun Heo, Biochemistry, (2014) 53: 518-532.
"Kinetic Mechanisms of Mutation-dependent Harvey Ras Activation and Their Relevance for Development of Costello Syndrome" Michael Wey, Jungwoon Lee, Soon Seog Jeong, Jungho Kim, Jongyun Heo, Biochemistry, (2013) 52: 8465-8479.
"Insight into the 6-thiopurine-mediated Termination of the Invasive Motility of Tumor Cells Derived From Inflammatory Breast Cancer" Jongyun Heo, Michael Wey, and Inpyo Hong, Biochemistry, (2011) 50: 5731-5742.
"Redox Control of GTPases: From Molecular Mechanism to Functional Significance in Health and Disease" Jongyun Heo Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, (2011) 14; 689-724.
"Ras-targeting Action of Thiopurines in the Presence of Reactive Nitrogen Species" Jongyun Heo and Inpyo Hong, Biochemistry, (2010) 49; 3965-3976.
"The control of S-thiolation by cysteine via gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and thiol exchanges in erythrocytes and plasma of diamide-treated rats" Raffaella Priora, Lucia Coppo, Antonios Margaritis, Danila Di Giuseppe, Simona Frosali, Domenico Summa, Jongyun Heo, and Paolo Di Simplicio, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, (2010) 242; 333-343.
"Redox regulation of Ran GTPase" Jongyun Heo, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2008, 376, 568-572.
"Redox regulation of RhoA" Jongyun Heo, Kimberly W. Raines and Sharon L. Campbell, Biochemistry 2006, 45, 14481-14489.
"Ras Regulation by Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species" Jongyun Heo and Sharon L. Campbell, Biochemistry 2006, 45, 2200-2210.
"Nitirc Oxide and Cell Signaling: Redox Regulation of Ras Superfamily GTPases" Jongyun Heo and Sharon L. Campbell, in Nitric Oxide, Cell Signaling, and Gene Expression, Santiago Lamas and Enrique Cadenas, Eds., Taylor & Francis Group, LLC., New York (2005).
"Mechanism of Redox-Mediated Guanine Nucleotide Exchange on Redox-Active Rho GTPases" Jongyun Heo and Sharon L. Campbell, J. Biol. Chem. 2005, 280, 31003-31010.
"Recognition and Activation of Rho GTPases By Vav1 and Vav2 Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors" Jongyun Heo, Roopa Thapar and Sharon L. Campbell, Biochemistry 2005, 44, 6573-6585.
"Superoxide Anion Radical Modulates the Activity of Ras and Ras-Related GTPases by a Radical-Based Mechanism Similar to that of Nitric Oxide" Jongyun Heo and Sharon L. Campbell, J. Biol. Chem. 2005, 280, 12438-12445.
"Mechanism of Free Radical Nitric Oxide-Mediated Ras Guanine Nucleotide Dissociation" Jongyun Heo, Kirk C. Prutzman, Viorel Mocanu and Sharon L. Campbell, J. Mol. Biol. 2005, 346, 1423-1440.
"pH-Dependent Perturbation of Ras Guanine-Nucleotide Interactions and Ras-Guanine-Nucleotide Exchange" Jongyun Heo, Guanghua Gao and Sharon L. Campbell, Biochemistry 2004, 43, 10102-10111.
"Mechanism of p21Ras S-Nitrosylation and Kinetics of Nitric Oxide-Mediated Guanine Nucleotide Exchange" Jongyun Heo and Sharon L. Campbell, Biochemistry 2004, 43, 2314-2322.
"Converting the NiFeS Carbon Monoxide Dehydrogenase to a Hydrogenase and a Hydroxylamine Reductase" Jongyun Heo, Marcus T. Wolfe, Christopher R. Staples and Paul W. Ludden, J. Bacteriol. 2002, 184, 5894-5897.
"Hydroxylamine Reductase Activity of the Hybrid Cluster Protein from Escherichia coli" Marcus T. Wolfe, Jongyun Heo, John S. Garavelli and Paul W. Ludden, J. Bacteriol. 2002, 184, 5898-5902.
"CO Dehydrogenase from Rhodospirillum rubrum Produces Formate" Jongyun Heo, Lars Skjeldal and Paul W. Ludden, J. Biol. Inorg. Chem. 2002, 7, 810-814.
"Life on Carbon Monoxide: X-Ray Structure of Rhodospirillum rubrum Ni-Fe-S Carbon Monoxide Dehydrogenase at 2.8 Å Resolution" Catherine L. Drennan, Jongyun Heo, Michael D. Sintchak, Eric Schreiter and Paul W. Ludden, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2001, 98, 11973-11978.
"Redox-Dependent Activity of CO Dehydrogenase from Rhodospirillum rubrum" Jongyun Heo, Cale M. Halbleib and Paul W. Ludden, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2001, 98, 7690-7693.
"The Redox-Dependent CO2 Reduction Activity of CO Dehydrogenase from Rhodospirillum rubrum" Jongyun Heo, Christopher R. Staples and Paul W. Ludden, Biochemistry 2001, 40, 7604-7611.
"Evidence for a CO Ligand in CO-Dehydrogenase from Rhodospirillum rubrum that is Required for Catalytic Activity" Jongyun Heo, Christopher R. Staples, Cale M. Halblieb and Paul W. Ludden, Biochemistry 2000, 39, 7956-7963.
"Rhodospirillum rubrum CO-Dehydrogenase (Part 2). Spectroscopic Investigation and Assignment of Spin-Spin Coupling Signals" Jongyun Heo, Christopher R. Staples, Joshua Telser and Paul W. Ludden, J. Am. Chem. Soc, 1999, 121, 11045 -11057.
"Rhodospirillum rubrum CO-Dehydrogenase (Part 1). Spectroscopic Studies of CODH Variant C531A Indicate the Presence of a Binuclear [FeNi] Cluster" Christopher R. Staples, Jongyun Heo, Nathan J. Spangler, Robert L. Kerby, Gary P. Roberts and Paul W. Ludden, J. Am. Chem. Soc, 1999, 121, 11034 -11044.
"Regulation of 2-Carboxy-D-Arabinitol 1-Phosphatase: Activation by Glutathione and Interaction with Thiol Reagents" Jongyun Heo and Gabriel P. Holbrook, Biochem. J. 1999, 338, 409-416.
"Progress Toward the X-ray Structure Determination of R. rubrum Carbon Monoxide Dehydrogenase" Catherine L. Drennan, Nathan J. Spangler, Jongyun Heo, Paul W. Ludden and Douglas C. Rees, J. Inorg. Biochem. 1999, 74 (1-4), 118.
"Characterization of Rhodospirillum rubrum CO-Dehydrogenase" Christopher R. Staples, Jongyun Heo, Nathan J. Spangler, Robert L. Kerby, Gary P. Roberts and Paul W. Ludden, J. Inorg. Biochem. 1999, 74 (1-4), 304.
B.Sc. Sogang University, Seoul, Korea (1987)
M.Sc. Northern Illinois University (1997)
Ph.D. University of Wisconsin-Madison, (2001)
Postdoctoral Fellow:
University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill (2001-2006)


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Having volunteered at a local earth day fair recently, it seemed that every other person I spoke to had a child or family member suffering from asthma. One person told me that her young daughters doctor said that the only way to get your daughter true relief is to move out of the pioneer valley. What a sad but true commentary on the way things are right now.
We do not need, want nor can we handle any more air pollution what so ever.
44tons of particulate a year, that is insane, as the only safe level of particule pollution is 0
Any amount is too much for this polluted valley.
Having read part of the report the developer sent in, it seems that they would burn anything they could if they could get a permit for it, tires, telephone poles etc..who knows what they would try if they ran out of waste wood.


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text: The RVCA Salt Flats Woven Shirt features a thick, quality design. Sports button front, double button cuffs, two chest pockets with last chest pocket snap closure and a rounded hem. RVCA detailing throughout. A Regular RVCA fit. Constructed of 60% cotton, 40% polyester. Available in colorways as seen below. Model wears a medium.