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Science Friday® is produced by the Science Friday Initiative, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization.
Science Friday® and SciFri® are registered service marks of Science Friday, Inc. Site design by Pentagram; engineering by Mediapolis.
These picturesque clouds reveal a particular kind of turbulence in the atmosphere.
Ant-Man's cool. But this ant is cooler, thanks to metallic-looking hairs that help it beat the African desert heat.
For vegetarians, allergy sufferers, and the epicurious among us, chefs are getting creative with seafood substitutes.
Unleash the geek, and let us know how familiar you are with a variety of scientific concepts.
An excerpt from Aurora, by Kim Stanley Robinson.
Our most up-close-and-personal shot of the (dwarf) planet yet.
An excerpt from John Graham-Cumming's Geek Atlas.
This critically endangered salamander reaches sexual maturity without undergoing metamorphosis.
One of the best dinosaur stories of them all centers on the man who gave these remarkably extinct beasts their name.
Test out how many licks it takes to get to the Tootsie Roll center of a Tootsie Pop, and report back.
Information designer David McCandless uses beautiful, complex graphics to illuminate science, leaving the lowly pie chart in the dust.
This antique technology, called a Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorder, helps researchers maintain North America's longest-running weather record.
An excerpt from the new biography Elon Musk, by Ashlee Vance.
Ira Flatow and the SciFri crew will put on a live show in Colorado on June 30th.
To keep the brainy creatures healthy in captivity, caretakers employ a variety of tricks—including dog toys.
This midwater cephalopod sports different-size eyes for different functions.
Print one of our cutouts and take your own selfielopod for Cephalopod Week.
Liquid magnets lend themselves to art, as well as medical research.
An excerpt from Ian Tattersall's The Strange Case of the Rickety Cossack.
Using a protein found in silkworm moth cocoons, researchers at Tufts University in Boston are developing a range of biodegradable materials and therapeutic devices.
This mutated rose has sepals instead of petals.
The sun kickstarts a process that converts a vitamin D precursor into the active form your body needs.
An engineer creates a perfect liquid crown using innovative flash photography.
The ancient Greeks personified the sun as a handsome god named Helios.
The title-holder for strongest biological material goes to a small mollusk.
An excerpt from Neal Stephenson's new book, Seveneves.
An excerpt from The Triumph of Seeds, by Thor Hanson.
An engineer and an artist are transforming pollution from coal mines into pigments used to tint paint.
Researchers have figured how a toxin-spraying beetle packs its pulsing punch.
When the sun interacts with six-sided ice crystals, ethereal optical effects can occur.
An excerpt from Barry Estabrook's Pig Tales.
An excerpt from How to Bake Pi by Eugenia Cheng.
A magnified look reveals the serrated edges that Fluffy uses to clean herself—and rasp meat off bones.
An excerpt from The New Celebrity Scientists, by Declan Fahy.
An excerpt from Jeffrey A. Lieberman's book Shrinks.
These quaking aspens are all clones of one mother stem.
For decades, Duke neurology professor Allen Roses has doggedly pursued a theory that dysfunctional mitochondria in the brain cause late-onset Alzheimer's disease—and that beta-amyloid is just part of the disease's pathology.
An excerpt from Sydney Padua's graphic novel The Thrilling Adventures of Lovelace and Babbage.
Two new versions of the iconic Hubble image commemorate the space telescope's 25th anniversary.
The author of Geek Physics answers your pop culture physics questions.
A citizen science project uncovers 30 new species of scuttle fly in Los Angeles.
This year's SXSW Film festival highlighted our fears about emerging tech and concerns facing online and gaming communities.
This pristine white fungus might have neuroprotective properties.
An excerpt from The Undersea Network, by Nicole Starosielski.
Should we worry about the imminent rise of robots in our lives?
In the 1960s, curious computer scientists transformed computers into art machines.
Through fictional and documentary film-making approaches, we'll bring you true stories from scientists and innovators.
Cooking geek Jeff Potter cracks the code on easy-to-peel, hard-cooked eggs.
The spiraling protective packaging ensconces a single embryo and yolk sac.
This April Fool's Day, put your BS-detector to the test. Can you spot the REAL hypothesis?
To access older blog posts, navigate via the archive links in the sidebar at left.


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Randall Residence is a management company that provides quality leadership for senior living in the Midwest. We have a history of successful experience in active, hands-on management, local community involvement, and satisfied customers including residents, family members, staff team members and investors. With a focus on getting to know seniors and what we can do to meet their needs, we continue to grow while still maintaining our standard of excellence. It is our goal to exceed personal expectations in the care of residents, state inspections, financial decisions, treatment of staff, and program development.
Randall Residence focuses on delighting each resident. Our individualized, professional care with a personal touch is vital to the residents and offers peace of mind to their families.
The Randalls welcome residents as family. They take great satisfaction in the expressed appreciation of residents and family members, viewing their occupation as a very fulfilling mission. They understand the principle of improving your own life by making a difference in the life of another!
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The Wiker Service Award was created in 2009 in the memory of long-time White Oaks employee, Dottie Wiker. Wiker worked for Randall Residence for 25 years and was known for her attention to resident details, and a constant smile. Employees from all Randall Residences are eligible to be nominated for the award.
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April 23, 2011
NORTHRIDGE, Calif. - The Cal State Northridge women's tennis team (15-9, 3-5 Big West) defeated Pacific 5-2 in the regular season finale Saturday afternoon at Matador Tennis Complex. The Matadors swept the doubles point and then captured four singles matches as the team honored it two seniors, Brooke Doane and Nina Jaworowski, before the match.
The Matadors jumped out quickly on senior day, sweeping the doubles play. Doane and Jennifer Sher improved to 15-1 on the season and a perfect 6-0 in Big West play with their win at the No. 1 draw.
For Doane, the school's all-time leader in doubles victories, the win improved her individual doubles record for the season to 20-4 and a perfect 8-0 against league competition. Sher was equally dominant, posting an individual doubles record of 20-2 and a 7-1 mark in Big West play.
At the second draw, Maria Pistalu and Sabrina Man-Son-Hing took a 9-7 decision to improve to 10-3 overall and 5-0 against league foes. Pistalu did not lose a doubles match (7-0) during league play, while Man-Song-Hing was 6-2 against Big West opponents in her first year at Northridge.
Nigora Sirojiddinova and Anna Yang also posted a victory, 8-3, in the third doubles draw to improve to 7-2 on the season.
In singles action, Northridge took four matches to clinch the victory.
Sher cruised to a straigh-set victory at the second draw and improved to 16-5 overall and 6-2 in Big West play for the season. Sirojiddinova won at No. 4 in straight sets to even her season record to 11-11. She has now won five of her last six singles contests.
Pistalu won her No. 5 match in three sets to improve to 12-6 on the season in singles action. Finally, Lorraine Cheung won in straight sets at No. 6 to improve to 13-6 in her freshman campaign.
Although the Matadors' two seniors lost in their singles matches, Doane and Jaworowski depart Northridge with numerous accolades to their credit. Doane is looking at four-straight years on the league's All-Doubles Team, including three-straight seasons on the First Team. Jaworowski earned All-Big West Singles Team honors the past two years while also picking up doubles honors last year.
Still, the season is not over for the Matadors. They now head to the Big West Championships in Indian Wells, Calif. on April 29, 30 and May 1. CSUN is the seventh seed in the event and will face Cal Poly in the opening round.
CSUN 5, Pacific 2
1. Doane/Sher def. Widjaja/Hansen: 9-7
2. Pistalu/Man-Son-Hing def. Irvin/Eslami: 9-7
3. Sirojiddinova/Yang def. Gumenyuk/Te: 8-3
1. Widjaja def. Doane: 6-3, 1-6, 6-2
2. Sher def. Hansen: 6-1, 6-0
3. Gumenyuk def. Jaworowski: 6-2, 7-6
4. Sirojiddinova def. Eslami: 6-3, 6-0
5. Pistalu def. Te: 6-2, 6-7, 10-6
6. Cheung def. Irvin: 6-4, 6-2


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This lead follicle is termed the "dominant follicle," Cataldo said, because it acts as the dominant force in the ovary. "It basically makes the smaller ones die," he said, and it does this by producing estradiol and possibly inhibin B as well, both of which are hormones that signal the pituitary gland to cut back on its production of FSH. With less FSH arriving in the ovaries, the smaller follicles do not have enough of the hormone to keep developing and avoid atresia. The dominant follicle, in contrast, is able to survive because of a mechanism that increases its sensitivity to FSH and allows it to keep growing with less FSH than the other follicles need. This process of selecting a single dominant follicle is the reason that women tend to ovulate only one egg per cycle, Cataldo explained. This limit is known to biologists as the ovulatory quota, and it is different from species to species. For example, pigs generally have litters of 6 to 12 piglets; and cows typically have 1 or, at most, 2 calves.
Although only the dominant follicle survives to produce an oocyte in a normal monthly cycle, the other antral follicles can also survive and grow if there is enough circulating FSH. This is basic of the hormone therapy used to stimulate the ovaries and increase the number of oocytes that a woman can provide for assisted reproduction or for research.
The standard hormone therapy involves daily injections of gonadotropins—most often hormones with an action similar to FSH—beginning on about the third day of menstruation and lasting for about 10 days (see Figure 2-2), after having begun injections of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) to prevent premature oocyte release from the follicles. An alternative is to give the drug clomiphene to induce the body's pituitary gland to release more FSH. With the right amount of hormones, all or almost all of the antral follicles will continue to grow. Occasionally, a GnRH agonist or a GnRH antagonist is added to the mix in order to prevent the body's normal LH surge. Then, when ultrasound shows that the follicles have all reached the proper stage of maturation, with their oocytes ready for ovulation and fertilization, yet another hormone—human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)—is given. This hormone would normally cause the follicles to ovulate and release their eggs in about 36 hours, but in practice the physician will retrieve the eggs from the follicles before that happens.


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By Linda D. KozarynAmerican Forces Press Service
WASHINGTON, Aug. 1, 1996 Most U.S. forces in Saudi Arabia are moving to more secure Saudi military facilities, DoD officials announced July 31.
U.S. air operations and about 4,000 troops will move from Dhahran and Riyadh to Prince Sultan Air Base at al Kharj, about 50 miles south of Riyadh, they said. Both Dhahran and Riyadh were sites of terrorist attacks. In Dhahran, 19 airmen died after a truck bomb exploded near Khobar Towers, June 25. Seven people, including five Americans, died during a bombing at Riyadh in November.
U.S. Patriot missile batteries in Dhahran will remain, but about 500 Patriot crew members will move from Dhahran's Khobar Towers housing complex to King Abdul Aziz compound, a Saudi military base.
Other U.S. service members whose missions require them to remain in Riyadh, the Saudi capital, will consolidate in a more secure area, a DoD spokesman said.
U.S. Embassy officials in Riyadh announced the plans after Defense Secretary William J. Perry toured the base at al Kharj and met with Prince Sultan, Saudi Arabia's minister of defense, July 30 and 31.
Perry and Prince Sultan agreed to make the moves as quickly as possible to reduce disruption within Saudi Arabia and improve security for U.S. forces, embassy officials said. The defense leaders reaffirmed both nations' determination to defeat terrorism and to work for peace and stability throughout the region. They also reaffirmed their support for U.N. resolutions dealing with Iraq.
"We welcome the agreement Secretary of Defense Perry and Prince Sultan ... reached regarding the redeployment of coalition forces to new locations on Saudi facilities," White House officials said. "This agreement will improve security, while ensuring that missions will continue to be carried out effectively.
"At the same time, this agreement highlights the strong, cooperative ties that exist between our two countries," White House officials said. "These bonds of friendship will not be broken by terrorism in any form. To the contrary, working with Saudi Arabia and other like-minded states in the region, the United States is committed to defending its vital national interests by confronting terrorism and preserving the peace, prosperity and stability of the Gulf."
The move to Saudi facilities will improve security while ensuring missions continue effectively, embassy officials said. About 5,000 U.S. personnel are in Saudi Arabia. The majority support Operation Southern Watch, enforcing the U.N. no-fly zone over southern Iraq. Others help train Saudi defense forces.
Relocation is already under way, DoD officials said. The expected $200 million cost of the move will be shared equally between the United States and Saudi Arabia. The Saudi share will largely pay for infrastructure and utilities.


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WELCOME TO THE ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATION (AVM) COMMUNITY: This Patient-To-Patient Community is for discussions relating to Arteriovenous Malformations, which are defects of the circulatory system that are generally believed to arise during embryonic or fetal development or soon after birth. They are comprised of snarled tangles of arteries and veins.
Your doctor will diagnose coronary artery disease (CAD) based on:
No single test can diagnose CAD. If your doctor thinks you have CAD, he or she will probably do one or more of the following tests.
An EKG is a simple test that detects and records the electrical activity of your heart. An EKG shows how fast your heart is beating and whether it has a regular rhythm. It also shows the strength and timing of electrical signals as they pass through each part of your heart.
Certain electrical patterns that the EKG detects can suggest whether CAD is likely. An EKG also can show signs of a previous or current heart attack.
During stress testing, you exercise to make your heart work hard and beat fast while heart tests are performed. If you can't exercise, you're given medicine to speed up your heart rate.
When your heart is beating fast and working hard, it needs more blood and oxygen. Arteries narrowed by plaque can't supply enough oxygen-rich blood to meet your heart's needs. A stress test can show possible signs of CAD, such as:
During the stress test, if you can't exercise for as long as what's considered normal for someone your age, it may be a sign that not enough blood is flowing to your heart. But other factors besides CAD can prevent you from exercising long enough (for example, lung diseases, anemia, or poor general fitness).
Some stress tests use a radioactive dye, sound waves, positron emission tomography (PET), or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to take pictures of your heart when it's working hard and when it's at rest.
These imaging stress tests can show how well blood is flowing in the different parts of your heart. They also can show how well your heart pumps blood when it beats.
This test uses sound waves to create a moving picture of your heart. Echocardiography provides information about the size and shape of your heart and how well your heart chambers and valves are working.
The test also can identify areas of poor blood flow to the heart, areas of heart muscle that aren't contracting normally, and previous injury to the heart muscle caused by poor blood flow.
A chest x ray takes a picture of the organs and structures inside the chest, including your heart, lungs, and blood vessels.
A chest x ray can reveal signs of heart failure, as well as lung disorders and other causes of symptoms that aren't due to CAD.
Blood tests check the levels of certain fats, cholesterol, sugar, and proteins in your blood. Abnormal levels may show that you have risk factors for CAD.
Your doctor may recommend electron-beam computed tomography (EBCT). This test finds and measures calcium deposits (called calcifications) in and around the coronary arteries. The more calcium detected, the more likely you are to have CAD.
EBCT isn't used routinely to diagnose CAD, because its accuracy isn't yet known.
Your doctor may ask you to have coronary angiography (an-jee-OG-ra-fee) if other tests or factors show that you're likely to have CAD. This test uses dye and special x rays to show the insides of your coronary arteries.
To get the dye into your coronary arteries, your doctor will use a procedure called cardiac catheterization (KATH-e-ter-i-ZA-shun). A long, thin, flexible tube called a catheter is put into a blood vessel in your arm, groin (upper thigh), or neck. The tube is then threaded into your coronary arteries, and the dye is released into your bloodstream. Special x rays are taken while the dye is flowing through your coronary arteries.
Cardiac catheterization is usually done in a hospital. You're awake during the procedure. It usually causes little to no pain, although you may feel some soreness in the blood vessel where your doctor put the catheter.
Author/Source: National Heart, Lung & Blood Institute, Division of the National Institutes of Health [NIH]
Retrieved: June 2008


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NM State Aggies vs. Abilene Christian Wildcats
Head Coach Doug Martin
Have you ever been involved in such a crazy ending game?
"That was an all-timer. Our kids battled no matter what. We didn't have to make it that hard. My hair will never grow back now."
Talk about how your team fought all game.
"We played hard but we still have a lot of work to do talent wise especially. With the team we played tonight, you can see why we changed our recruiting base to Texas—this is a talented football team. Our boys are battling. We haven't given up. We played hard and I'm proud of them for the character they have shown."
How about Germi Morrison's performance after Bentancourt went down after his injury?
"Germi was also banged up a couple times but kept going in. He has a lot of heart. Bentancourt has a lot of heart. There are a lot of kids that are giving everything they have, we just have to play a little smarter sometimes."
Austin Franklin had a career high of nine receptions tonight, how important is it for him to get into the offense for that to roll?
"It's big because at this point, we don't have that many play makers, guys that make things happen—he is one of the guys that can do that."
What do you do to keep this momentum going forward for the rest of the year?
"We have to win as a team. We aren't strong enough to win offensively or defensively so there isn't much margin for error for us. We have to get great quarterback plays, we have to take care of the football and our defense has to cause turnovers. That is the only way we can win this year."


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Breaking The Ice Before It Begins
Cambridge MA (SPX) Nov 17, 2010
Engineers from Harvard University have designed and demonstrated ice-free nanostructured materials that literally repel water droplets before they even have the chance to freeze.
The finding, reported online in ACS Nano, could lead to a new way to keep airplane wings, buildings, powerlines, and even entire highways free of ice during the worst winter weather. Moreover, integrating anti-ice technology right into a material is more efficient and sustainable than conventional solutions like chemical sprays, salt, and heating.
A team led by Joanna Aizenberg, Amy Smith Berylson Professor of Materials Science at the Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS) and a Core Member of the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard, focused on preventing rather than fighting ice buildup.
"We wanted to take a completely different tact and design materials that inherently prevent ice formation by repelling the water droplets," says Aizenberg.
"From past studies, we also realized that the formation of ice is not a static event. The crucial approach was to investigate the entire dynamic process of how droplets impact and freeze on a supercooled surface."
For initial inspiration, the researchers turned to some elegant solutions seen in nature. For example, mosquitos can defog their eyes, and water striders can keep their legs dry thanks to an array of tiny bristles that repel droplets by reducing the surface area each one encounters.
"Freezing starts with droplets colliding with a surface," explains Aizenberg. "But very little is known about what happens when droplets hit surfaces at low temperatures."
To gain a detailed understanding of the process, the researchers watched high-speed videos of supercooled droplets hitting surfaces that were modeled after those found in nature.
They saw that when a cold droplet hits the nanostructured surface, it first spreads out, but then the process runs in reverse: the droplet retracts to a spherical shape and bounces back off the surface before ever having a chance to freeze.
By contrast, on a smooth surface without the structured properties, a droplet remains spread out and eventually freezes.
"We fabricated surfaces with various geometries and feature sizes-bristles, blades, and interconnected patterns such as honeycombs and bricks-to test and understand parameters critical for optimization," says Lidiya Mishchenko, a graduate student in Aizenberg's lab and first author of the paper.
The use of such precisely engineered materials enabled the researchers to model the dynamic behavior of impacting droplets at an amazing level of detail, leading them to create a better design for ice-preventing materials.
Another important benefit of testing a wide variety of structures, Mishchenko adds, was that it allowed the team to optimize for pressure-stability. They discovered that the structures composed of interconnected patterns were ideally suited for stable, liquid-repelling surfaces that can withstand high-impact droplet collisions, such as those encountered in driving rain or by planes in flight.
The nanostructured materials prevent the formation of ice even at very low temperatures. Below that, due to the reduced contact area that prevents the droplets from fully wetting the surface, any ice that forms does not adhere well and is much easier to remove than the stubborn sheets that can form on flat surfaces.
"We see this approach as a radical and much needed shift in anti-ice technologies," says Aizenberg.
"The concept of friction-free surfaces that deflect supercooled water droplets before ice nucleation can even occur is more than just a theory or a proof-of-principle experiments.
"We have begun to test this promising technology in real-world settings to provide a comprehensive framework for optimizing these robust ice-free surfaces for a wide range of applications, each of which may have a specific set of performance requirements."
In comparison with traditional ice prevention or removal methods like salting or heating, the nanostructured materials approach is efficient, non-toxic, and environmentally friendly.
Further, when chemicals are used to de-ice a plane, for example, they can be washed away into the environment and their disposal must be carefully monitored. Similarly, salt on roads can lead to corrosion and run-off problems in local water sources.
The researchers anticipate that with their improved understanding of the ice forming process, a new type of coating integrated directly into a variety of materials could soon be developed and commercialized.
In addition to Aizenberg, who is also the Susan S. and Kenneth L. Wallach Professor at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study and a Professor of Chemistry and Chemical Biology at Harvard, and Mishchenko, the co-authors of the paper included Benjamin Hatton and Vaibhav Bahadur, both at SEAS and Wyss, and Ashley Taylor and Tom Krupenkin, both at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
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In theory, plants could be the ultimate "green" factories, engineered to pump out the kinds of raw materials we now obtain from petroleum-based chemicals. But in reality, getting plants to accumulate high levels of desired products has been an elusive goal. Now, in a first step toward achieving industrial-scale green production, scientists from the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Brookha ... read more
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The Libertarian Party of Kansas (LPKS) was founded in 1971 and has had full ballot access in Kansas since 1992. Since 2009 we have been the fastest growing political party in Kansas. Our party's commitment to Liberty makes it popular with voters who have previously identified as both 'left' and 'right'.
While the LPKS is an affiliate of the national Libertarian Party, we focus on state and local issues. Our party principles hold that all solutions are best when found on the most local possible level; as such we look to the national Libertarian Party only to address issues not feasibly addressed at a more local level.
The Libertarian Party of Kansas (LPKS) is dedicated to the advancement of maximized individual liberties and local control, while limiting government expansion. Our goal is to elect liberty-minded individuals who are committed to advancing a free-market economy, civil liberties, local control, and personal responsibility for our actions.
We need your help to return our state government to being "for the people" and to give a voice to the good, honest, and creative people of Kansas. Help us by changing your voter registration to Libertarian today & voting for Libertarian candidates who share your principles and values.
Statement of Principle
Adopted in convention, April 17, 2011
We, the Members of the Libertarian Party of Kansas, believe in the people of Kansas. We hold that all adults are capable of deciding what is best for themselves, their families, and their communities. We recognize that all individuals have the right to exercise sole dominion over their own lives, and have the right to live in whatever manner they choose, so long as they do not forcibly interfere with the equal right of others to live in whatever manner they choose.
Governments throughout history have regularly operated on the opposite principle, that the State has the right to dispose of the lives of individuals and the fruits of their labor. Even within the United States, all political parties other than our own grant to government the right to regulate the lives of individuals and seize the fruits of their labor without their consent.
The Libertarian Party of Kansas is resolutely pro-individual and pro-community, holding that all decisions are best when made at the most local possible level. Our principles naturally lead to advancement of maximized individual liberties and local control, while limiting government expansion.
We hold that where governments must exist, they must not violate the rights of the individual: namely, (1) the right to life — accordingly we support the prohibition of the initiation of force against others; (2) the right to liberty of speech and action — accordingly we oppose all attempts of government to abridge the freedom of speech and press, as well as government censorship in any form; and (3) the right to property — accordingly we oppose all government interference with private property such as confiscation, nationalization and eminent domain, and support the prohibition of robbery, trespass, fraud, and misrepresentation.
The Libertarian Party of Kansas believes in you.
2014 Libertarian Party of Kansas Platform
Amended April 26, 2014, Wichita, Kansas
The Libertarian Party of Kansas is part of the worldwide movement for liberty. It is an affiliate of the Libertarian Party of the United States. The Libertarian Party of Kansas supports and endorses the National Libertarian Party Platform. However, the following platform, created and adopted by the Libertarian Party of Kansas, addresses issues and positions as they apply to Kansas.
ARTICLE I – PERSONAL PROPERTY, RIGHTS and DUTIES
Libertarians hold that inviolable individual sovereignty and personal property rights are central to a free society. Kansans should work to strengthen the ownership of all forms of personal property. Government control of property is not conducive to conservation or good stewardship.
1. We stand opposed to government seizure and sales of property under the guise of law enforcement, environmental protection, tax collection, or economic development. No one should be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law.
2. We oppose the use of taxpayer funds to pay for abortion, family planning, birth control, or the provision of contraceptive devices. The right to privacy and the obligation for responsibility in reproductive matters rests with the individual and their families.
3. We believe children are the responsibility of their parents until such time as they have reached the age of majority. We deny the State's right to remove a child from the family or either parent except in cases of gross, verifiable, documented abuse or neglect. This state of facts must be determined under due process of law including trial by jury.
4. The Libertarians of Kansas understand that the education of the children of Kansas is the responsibility of parents and teachers of Kansas. We support parental and local community control of education. We passionately advocate the preservation and expansion of school choice for all Kansans.
ARTICLE II – TAXES and ECONOMICS
Libertarians support spending and tax limiting measures because economic growth occurs when productivity and investments are not penalized.
1. We support a state constitutional amendment ending the legislature's power to tax without limit. We propose keying taxes to specific projects and purposes with sunset clauses attached to taxes wherever possible. We support voter approval as a requirement for all new and incremental taxes.
2. We believe sales taxes should be eliminated on all food and medicines. The property and state personal income tax should be reduced immediately.
3. We believe that government has no business in business. Employers and entrepreneurs should not be burdened with excessive regulations, quotas, and licensing requirements.
4. We support the free market system. Businesses and individuals must assume responsibility for their financial affairs and reap the rewards or suffer the consequences of their choices. We oppose both corporate and individual welfare. We oppose the use of public funds for financing private endeavors of any sort.
ARTICLE III – GOVERNMENT and ELECTIONS
The Libertarians of Kansas believe in the people of Kansas. We are very pro-individual and pro-community. We believe in treating Kansans like adults capable of deciding what Is best for themselves, their families and their communities. This belief system naturally leads to maximized individual and local power and limited government powers.
1. We oppose the use of tax funds to pay lobbyists.
2. We support sunset provisions for all laws and State agencies thus requiring the state to reassess the effects of existing laws and activities on a continuing basis.
3. The Libertarians of Kansas will fight to assure that solutions are found and implemented on the most local possible level where those solutions can be more efficient, effective and compassionate.
4. We support the elimination of all government activities that would be better performed by the private sector.
5. We oppose unfunded federal or state mandates. Libertarians favor individual and state sovereignty as protected by the Ninth and Tenth amendments to the Constitution of the United States. Federal meddling in state and individual affairs must be firmly rejected.
6. We oppose the use of taxpayers' money to fund primary elections and create matching campaign funds. The various political parties should bear the cost of nominating and running their candidates at their own expense.
7. Initiative and Referendum, the process whereby citizens can petition to put proposals up to a public vote must be expanded to apply to the state of Kansas as a whole. This process is currently in use for city and county governments.
Libertarians believe that each individual has the right to choose how to live his or her life and reap the rewards or face the consequences of that chosen lifestyle.
1. We believe that the sacrosanct primary right, duty, and privilege of individual protection lies with the individual and cannot be performed by government. Citizens must have the right to carry concealed or unconcealed loaded firearms for self-protection. We strongly support the provision in the Kansas and US Constitutions preserving private ownership of personal firearms.
2. We believe that driving a motor vehicle is not a privilege as asserted by the State, but a right. We oppose removal of that right for any reason except the demonstrated inability to safely operate a motor vehicle on public thoroughfares. We also oppose mandatory motorcycle helmet and seat belt use laws for adults.
3. We advocate a review of current drug control policy. Prohibition has shown to be an ineffective way for the government to address this issue. A new conversation must be started that addresses both societal concerns and individual liberty.
4. We support legalizing production of hemp as an alternate crop for farmers for use in agriculture and industry.
5. We support legalization of medicinal cannabis under a doctor's supervision. We also support the legalization and regulation of cannabis for personal use for adults of legal age.
Kansas Libertarians believe that the present state judiciary can be unresponsive to citizens' concerns and can fail the very people it claims to protect and serve.
1. We believe that restoring a sound judicial system is critical to preserving our independence. An empowered jury system gives citizens direct involvement in and oversight of both legislature and judiciary. This concept is a crucial component of our system of government. Juries must be informed of their right to judge not only the facts of the case but the law itself without abrogation or restriction. This is a citizen's last veto of an unfair law. We believe a Fully Informed Jury provision must be enacted as law in Kansas.
2. We strongly defend property rights and, in the case of crimes against property, advocate restitution for victims of crime to be paid for by the wrongdoer. The criminal justice system should concentrate upon crimes against people and property. It should not concern itself with private, consensual activity among adults. All laws pertaining to victimless crimes should be repealed.
3. We oppose the present plea bargaining system which is regularly abused to further the records and careers of public officials, circumventing real justice.
4. We oppose mandatory minimum sentences, which usurp the power of the people and the judiciary to fit the punishment to the severity of the crime.
5. We support the right to trial by jury in all cases, criminal, civil, and administrative.
6. The right of juries to judge the law of the case, as well as the facts and circumstances surrounding it, is well settled law (commonly referred to as Jury Nullification). As the Pattern Instructions of Kansas do not reflect this fact and do not provide for jurors to be informed of their rights and powers, the Pattern Instructions of Kansas should be amended to provide clear instructions for juries of all their rights.
7. Probable Cause Affidavits for search warrants are currently not public record in Kansas. Our state is one of only four that do not release Probable Cause Affidavits for search warrants to public inspection. These records must be made open to public inspection. As arrest warrant affidavits are currently public record in Kansas, so should search warrant affidavits.
8. As men and women are fallible and imperfect, and can and do make mistakes, the death penalty should be abolished. A sentence of life in prison with no possibility of parole is a reasonable alternative to execution and should be adopted in its place.
9. The right to habeas corpus is the most precious right which American citizens have. The party opposes any limits being placed on the right of habeas corpus including limits on KSA 60-1507.
As amended at Convention, April 20, 2013
Article I — Name
The name of the organization shall be the Libertarian Party of Kansas (LPKS), or alternatively the Kansas Libertarian Party (KSLP), hereinafter referred to as the "Party".
Article II — Purpose
The purpose for which the Party is organized is to implement and give voice to the principles embodied in the Statement of Principles by:
a. Entering into political information and educational activities;
b. Nominating and supporting candidates for political office;
c. Other activities consistent with operating and maintaining the Party.
Article III — Officers and Members
Section 1. Officers
The officers of the Party shall be the Chair, Vice-Chair, Secretary, Treasurer, and four (4) Congressional District Coordinators. Such officers constitute the voting members of the Executive Committee of the Party and shall be elected at the Annual Meeting of the Party in each odd-numbered year. The newly elected officers take office immediately upon the close of such Annual Meeting, and serve for a period of two years, or until their successors take office.
Section 2. Party Members Defined
Party Members shall be defined as those persons who are Registered to vote with Libertarian listed as their Party Affiliation and who have not been expelled and are not currently under suspension pursuant to these Articles.
Officers, Auxiliaries, Delegates to National Conventions, and LPKS candidates for public office that seek endorsement beyond Nomination, i.e., financial and other official support from the LPKS, must certify in writing that they do not advocate the initiation of force to promote political or social goals prior to taking office as a Party Officer, Auxiliary, or Delegate to a National Convention.
Section 3. Chair
The Chair shall be the Chief Executive Officer of the Party and shall preside over all meetings and conventions. The Chair, with the concurrence of the Executive Committee, shall appoint Party members to fill any vacancies which occur among the Officers of the Executive Committee and vacancies which occur in any Delegation to a National Convention.
The Chair, with the concurrence of the Executive Committee, shall also make appointments to fill any auxiliary positions created by this Constitution or the Executive Committee, or any vacancies in national, state, or local partisan electoral offices.
Section 4. Vice Chair
The Vice-Chair shall assume the authority of the Chair and preside at all meetings and conventions in the event of the absence, resignation, or removal of the Chair.
In the event of a permanent disability or absence due to the death, resignation or removal of the Chair, the Vice-Chair shall succeed to Chair the Party, with all powers of that office devolving upon him or her for the remainder of the former Chair's term.
Section 5. Secretary
The Secretary shall be the recording officer of the Party. The Secretary shall also keep complete and accurate records of Party memberships, contributors, and others indicating an interest in the Party Principles and policies. The Secretary, with the advice and assistance of the Chair, shall be responsible for certifying all Party nominations to the Secretary of State or appropriate election officer in the district in which the nomination appears. The Secretary shall advise the Kansas Secretary of State of the names, addresses and titles of all elected Party officers and any changes of such as they occur.
Section 6. Treasurer
The Treasurer shall receive, expend, and account for the funds of the Party under the supervision and direction of the Chair.
Section 7. District Coordinators
The District Coordinators must reside in the U.S. Congressional district they represent and shall coordinate the educational, organizational, outreach and publicity programs in their district with the Executive Committee.
Section 8. Deputy District Coordinators
For each Congressional District the District Coordinator may appoint one or more Deputy District Coordinators, with the concurrence of the Executive Committee.
Deputy District Coordinators may not vote on Executive Committee matters unless a District Coordinator, to expedite business at an in-person Executive Committee Meeting which he or she is unable to attend, gives authority to a Deputy District Coordinator to act as his or her Alternate. In order for this grant of authority to be exercised it must be communicated to the members of the Executive Committee at least three days before the meeting.
Article IV — Executive Committee
Section 1. Management of Party
The Executive Committee of the Party shall have control and management of all affairs, properties, and funds of the Party consistent with this Constitution. The Executive Committee shall also make provision for legal services to the Party as needed. All vacancies not provided for in this Constitution may be filled by the Executive Committee, including, but not limited to, the vacancies created by illness, death, withdrawal, or disqualification of any Party candidate for office.
No Party funds shall be disbursed without a majority vote of the Executive Committee members present, if such number present constitutes a quorum. If less than a quorum no Party funds shall be disbursed until ratification by electronic or other means by a majority of the current members of the Executive Committee.
Section 2. Auxiliary Positions
The Executive Committee may propose the addition of auxiliary officers whose duties shall be set forth in the By-Laws. The Chair shall appoint these auxiliary officers with the consent of the Executive Committee.
Section 3. Meetings
The Executive Committee shall convene at such times and places as may be determined by the action of the Committee, by call of the Chair, or by a written request from a majority of the Committee. All Committee members shall be given one-week notice of the time and place of the meetings. All members are encouraged to participate in the discussions at such meetings but only officers of the Executive Committee may vote.
Section 4. Quorum
One-half of the current membership of the Executive Committee shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at committee meetings. Any members of the Committee may participate in such a meeting by means of telephone or other conferencing equipment, or by post-meeting ratification.
Article V — Membership Meetings and Nominating Conventions
Section 1. Robert's Rules
Unless otherwise stated, the current edition of Robert's Rules of Order will be used in all Party meetings.
Section 2. Classes of Meetings
There will be two classes of Party meetings, the Annual Meeting and Called Meetings.
Section 3. Annual Meetings
The Annual Meeting shall be held in March or April and shall be the primary business and official meeting of the Party each year: and it shall be at that meeting the membership shall vote on the various issues mentioned in these articles. In each odd-numbered year the agenda shall include, but not be limited to, changes in these Articles and By-Laws and the election of Party officers. Items of business may be proposed by any member or by the Executive Committee.
Section 4. Called Meetings
Called Meetings are for the transaction of any business that is determined to be of such importance and urgency as to not wait until the next scheduled meeting. The Chair with a majority of the entire Executive Committee or one tenth of the Party membership may call such a meeting by giving two weeks written or telephone notice to the Party membership. No changes in the Constitution or By-Laws may be considered at a Called Meeting, nor may other matters be decided except those having been specifically stated in the meeting notice to the membership.
Section 5. Candidate Nominating Conventions
A Candidate Nominating Convention shall be held each even-numbered year in conjunction with the Annual Meeting, at a time and place established by the Executive Committee. The agenda shall be limited to revision and adoption of the Party platform, nomination of candidates for Federal, State and local office, and the election of delegates to the National Libertarian Party Convention.
All registered Libertarians may attend and vote. However, all persons selected as delegates to a National Party Convention shall be members as defined in Article III, Section 2 of this Constitution.
Section 6. Registered Libertarians Defined
A registered Libertarian shall be defined as a person registered as Libertarian with the Elections Officer in the County of his or her residence. The validity of such registration shall be confirmed by the Party Secretary from a list of all such registrations supplied to the Party by the Secretary of State. If such a list is not available, or is incomplete, each person seeking to vote shall affirm by their signature that he or she is so registered.
Article VI — Statement of Principles
Section 1. Affirmation
The Statement of Principles of the Party affirms that philosophy upon which the Libertarian Party is founded, by which it shall be sustained and through which liberty shall prevail. The Statement of Principles is attached to the Constitution and By-Laws and is made a part thereof.
Section 2. Amendment
The enduring importance of the Statement of Principles requires that it shall not be amended by a vote of less than 7/8′s of members present and voting at an Annual meeting.
Article VII — Nomination of Candidates
Section 1. Qualifications
No person shall be entitled to run as a candidate for office on the Libertarian line of the ballot in a partisan election of the State of Kansas unless nominated at the Nominating Convention of the Party; or designated by the Executive Committee to fill a vacancy created by illness, death, withdrawal, or disqualification; or unless under State Law such nomination shall have been determined by primary election.
Any candidate in a partisan election as a Libertarian shall be nominated at the Nominating Convention of the Party. Such a candidate must be registered Libertarian on the voting lists in the State of Kansas and sign a pledge in support of the Party's Statement of Principles.
Section 2. Nominations
Nomination of candidates for partisan local, state and federal offices shall be by majority vote of Registered Libertarians present and voting.
Section 3. Election
When there is only one candidate for nomination, election may be by voice unless a "None of the Above" (NOTA) ballot is requested. A NOTA ballot may be requested by any member. When there is a NOTA ballot requested for a single candidate nomination, election shall be by written ballot. Where there are two or more candidates for a nomination, election shall be by written ballot. NOTA shall be included on every written ballot.
In the event that there is no majority, the candidate receiving the least votes shall be eliminated and another vote shall be taken. This process shall be repeated until a majority of votes cast shall elect. If NOTA receives a majority of votes then no one from that group of candidates for that office will be nominated. If a new candidate or candidates can be found for that office, a new election can be held in accordance with the above criteria.
Article VIII — Discipline
Section 1. Disciplinary Actions
Disciplinary actions against any Party member shall be in accordance with Robert's Rules of Order, except as otherwise provided herein by the Party Constitution or By-Laws. Disciplinary action against any member shall consist of reprimand, suspension, or expulsion from the Party.
Section 2. Reasons
A member shall be subject to disciplinary action for the following reason[s]: a. Committing the Party to financial obligations without the consent of the Executive Committee or: b. making statements to the public in the name of the Libertarian Party which are in direct violation of the Statement of Principles and which are ruled objectionable or harmful to the interests of the Party by two-thirds of the members present and voting on the proposed disciplinary action.
Section 3. Validity
A reprimand, suspension, or expulsion against any member requires approval by a two-thirds vote of the members present and voting at any Annual or Called Meeting. The offender must be given two weeks' notice of the charges for the disciplinary action to be valid. Notice shall be by certified, return receipt requested mail, sent to the offender's last known address.
Article IX — By-Laws
Section 1. Promulgation
The Executive Committee shall promulgate the By-Laws in accordance with the applicable law.
Section 2. Amendment
The By-Laws of the Party may only be amended by:
a. a two-thirds vote of members present and voting at any Annual Meeting of the Party. All votes cast by the membership shall be by voice. Thereafter any member may ask for a division of the body
b. by a three-quarters vote of the total number of Executive Committee members currently holding office, thirty days or more after the Secretary shall have given the text of such amendment to all Executive Committee members. Post meeting ratification can be utilized to reach that majority.
Section 3. Conformity with Kansas Law
The membership may not amend the By-Laws of this organization to be in violation of the prevailing laws of the State of Kansas or the United States.
Article X — Election and Removal of Officers
Section 1. General
The Chair, Vice-Chair, Secretary, and Treasurer shall be elected by nomination and majority vote of members present at the Annual Meeting during each odd-numbered year.
Where there is a single candidate for an office election may be by voice. Where there are two or more candidates for an office election shall be by written ballot. In the event that there is no majority the candidate receiving the least votes shall be eliminated and another vote shall be taken. This process shall be repeated until a majority of votes cast shall elect.
Section 2. District Coordinators
A District Coordinator shall be a resident of, and represent members from, the U.S. Congressional District in which he or she resides. District Coordinators shall be elected by members present and voting who reside in each respective Congressional District at the Annual Meeting during each odd-numbered year.
When there is only one candidate for District Coordinator, election may be by voice unless a "None of the above" (NOTA) ballot is requested. A NOTA ballot may be requested by any member. When there is a NOTA ballot requested for a single candidate nomination, election shall be by written ballot. Where there are two or more candidates for a nomination, election shall be by written ballot. NOTA shall be included on every written ballot.
In the event that there is no majority, the candidate receiving the least votes shall be eliminated and another vote shall be taken. This process shall be repeated until a majority of votes cast shall elect. If NOTA receives a majority of votes then no one from that group of candidates for that office will be nominated. If a new candidate or candidates can be found for that office, a new election can be held in accordance with the above criteria.
Section 3. Limitations
No person may be elected to concurrently hold more than one Party office. Any Executive Committee officer appointed to one or more additional Executive Committee offices shall have only a single vote.
Section 4. Removal
An elected officer may be removed from office for disciplinary reasons as stated in Article VIII above, or for non-performance or negligent performance of official duties.
Article XI — Amendments to the Constitution
This Constitution may be adopted by a majority vote or amended by a two-thirds vote of members present and voting at any Annual Meeting in an odd-numbered year, except Article VI, the Statement Of Principles, shall not be amended by a vote of less than 7/8′s of members present and voting at such Annual meeting.
Article XII — Organizational Conformance With the Kansas Election Code
The requirements of the Kansas Election Code and any other pertinent statute shall constitute a part of this Constitution and shall supersede any conflicting provisions hereof.
Article XIII — Affiliate Organizations
Section 1. Requirements
The Executive Committee may charter as Affiliate Organizations ("Affiliate") those organizations requesting such status to organize and operate within the state. Affiliate status shall be granted only to those organizations which adopt the Statement of Principles and file a copy of their Constitution and By-Laws with the Party Secretary.
Section 2. Affiliate Representative
Each Affiliate so chartered shall declare an Affiliate Representative for the purpose of liaison between the Party and the Affiliate.
By Laws
Party By Laws
As amended at Convention: April 20, 2013
Paragraph I — Duties of Officers
The duties of the officers shall be as per this Constitution.
Paragraph II — Executive Committee
Section 1. Duties
The duties of the Executive Committee shall be as per this Constitution.
Section 2. Voting
Except as otherwise provided in the Constitution, a majority vote of those Executive Committee officers present at the Executive Committee Meetings shall prevail.
Section 3. Requirement of Email Address
Because Kansas is such a large state and many Executive Committee meetings and various communications are held over the Internet, it is necessary that Executive Committee members have and maintain an email address.
Paragraph III — Meeting and Quorums
Section 1. Meetings
Meetings shall be as defined in the Constitution.
Section 2. Management
The Executive Committee shall have supervision and management of all meetings and conventions and shall fix the official program and order of business.
Section 3. Quorum
A quorum at an Annual or Called Meeting shall be a majority of those members having registered as in attendance. A quorum for consideration of disciplinary action at a called meeting shall not be less than 10 percent of the members of the Party as defined in Article III, Section 2 of the Constitution.
Paragraph IV — Finances and Accounting
Section 1. Fiscal Year
The fiscal term of the Party shall begin on the first day of September.
Section 2. System of Accounts
The Executive Committee shall establish and maintain an efficient system of accounts for which all the members of the Executive Committee shall be held responsible.
Section 3. Disbursements
All disbursements exceeding $20 shall be made solely by check.
Section 4. Depository and Withdrawal
The Executive Committee shall designate the depository of all funds of the Party, and shall appoint such officers as in its judgment may seem advisable to deposit and withdraw funds from said depository.
Paragraph V — Parliamentary Authority
The current edition of Robert's Rules of Order shall be the parliamentary authority for all matters of procedure not specifically covered by the Constitution and/or By-Laws of the Party.
Paragraph VI — Candidate Endorsements
Section 1. National LP Nominees
Any candidate who has been nominated by the National Libertarian Party shall have the endorsement of the Libertarian Party of Kansas.
Section 2. Party Endorsements to a Non-Libertarian
With the exception of Libertarian Party candidates no candidate running for public office may be endorsed by the Kansas Libertarian Party, except as follows:
a. Such candidate is duly registered Libertarian or non-affiliated as a voter with the lawful election officer of his home county; and
b. Such candidate appears in person at the nominating convention and receives the affirmative endorsement of two thirds of the registered Libertarians present and voting.
Section 3. Official Endorsement Versus Private Endorsement
All members of this Party are, of course, at all times free to speak in their own behalf in endorsement of any political candidate, but must not state the official endorsement of the Party, except where such endorsement has been approved by the Executive Committee.
Paragraph VII — Amendments to the By-Laws
Amendments to the By-Laws shall not be adopted by less than a two-thirds vote of members present and voting at any Annual Meeting in an odd-numbered year.
Paragraph VII — Affiliate Organizations
Section 1. Petition
Organizations applying for charter as Affiliates shall make such applications to the Executive Committee. The petition shall include a copy of the Affiliate Constitution and By-Laws, which shall adopt the Party Statement of Principles. The petition shall be signed by no less than five (5) Affiliate petitioners.
Section 2. Membership Required for Certain Positions
Affiliates shall make known to the Secretary the Affiliate Representative to whose attention all party business shall be directed and who shall report on the activities of the Affiliate when requested by the Executive Committee. Membership in the Party shall be a requirement for the Chair, the Vice Chair and the Affiliate Representative.


text:
Who is Anthony Kim?
Brash. Humble. Strong. Soft. Not to mention fearless, funny and combative. Even if he's 'as normal as it gets,' Anthony Kim is an uncommon talent. At 23, is he Tiger's next challenger?
In 1996, when Tiger Woods declared "Hello World," and the commercial airwaves echoed with children proclaiming "I'm Tiger Woods" ... "I'm Tiger Woods" ... "I'm Tiger Woods," one of them could have been an 11-year-old Korean-American from Los Angeles named Anthony Kim. He was Tiger Woods and had the photograph at 2 with the diaper and the downswing to prove it.
He also had the Pygmalion father, the protective mother, the trophy-laden junior pedigree, the truncated collegiate career, and that distinctive bearing and brag that the other players seemed to recognize first. They always do.
"He's kind of fearless," says Ernie Els, who adds wistfully, "Weren't we all kind of fearless at 23?" Among Kim's fellow pros, fearless is the consensus description. "Funny" rings a lot of bells, too. "He's a character," Mike Weir says. "A funny, funny dude," says Phil Mickelson.
"What do I think of Anthony?" Jim Furyk mulls over the question. "I really like the guy, to start with. He's a lot of fun. He's got a real confident feel about him. Even as a rookie [2007], just the way he handled himself, walking around the locker room. He almost appears cocky, but when he talks to you, he -- I don't see that side of him when he talks to you. He's just very confident. He has a lot of belief in his ability."
What does Furyk see on the golf course?
"I just don't see a lot of weaknesses. I haven't seen him do anything poorly, and you don't see a lot of young guys like that get in contention on a tough course like Wachovia [Quail Hollow, 2008] and then just beat the hell out of everyone [by five strokes]. He gets up two, pretty soon it's three, pretty soon it's four. You have to have a lot of belief in yourself to do that out here. He's got a lot, a lot of game."
And he's fearless.
"Yeah," Kim says, "I've heard that word a few times. Some have said it to the media when I'm standing right next to them. I don't know what they're talking about, to be honest, and I mean that. I'm the same as everyone else. I'm as normal as it gets. Maybe it's just that golf isn't as big a deal to me as it is to most people. It's something I love to do. It's a talent I was blessed with, that I have confidence in. At the end of the day, I couldn't care less who I'm playing against. Because I know, if I play my best, I'm not worried about anyone else. My shot. My putt. What that guy over there is doing doesn't really affect what I do. Whether I win or lose -- and trust me, I'm going to kick and claw to try to win -- it's just competition to me. It's just golf."
Morningside Avenue, on the edge of downtown Dallas, about a 10-minute drive from the grassy knoll, is near enough to the freeway to be noisy. But it's quiet, almost silent. Settling in Dallas, Kim was influenced by the convenience of the airport and the presence of a few friends. He expects to miss the ocean. On the brink of real riches, Anthony has been imagining a house with a theater and an indoor basketball court, not to rule out a retractable roof and helipad. ("If I had Tiger's money, I'd start building it right now.") But for the moment he lives in a small, handsome, conservative home that doesn't say 23-year-old until you open the door.
Years ago in Rome, the young tennis player Boris Becker apologized for the state of his hotel suite, which appeared to have weathered a nor'easter only to be ransacked by thieves and tossed by detectives. "Pardon the mess," Becker said, "but I live like a player."
Anthony Kim lives like a player. The floors are awash in clothes and clutter, gimcracks, gewgaws and Ryder Cup mementos. The decorator could be the same guy who organizes claw machines on boardwalks. Sheathed in a worn, blue Club Glove, Kim's work tools have been strategically dropped just inside the doorway, so they can be tripped over most easily.
He shares the place with girlfriend Lisa Pruett, best friend Paull Veroulis and a couple of cherished dogs, one of them a buckskin-colored pit bull, Rocky, who doesn't seem to know he's a pit bull. Rocky is in love with everyone, including a cat who lives across the street.
In the PGA's infantry of wives and significant others, the uniform of the day is either phosphorescence or camouflage. Pruett is one of the ones who doesn't try to stand out in the gallery; she blends in with the trees. Veroulis is a salaried assistant, but more friend than employee. He and Anthony go back to high school. They have just returned from lunch at Fadi's, one of the trio's favorite haunts, a cafeteria-style restaurant where the fare runs to hummus, eggplant, stuffed cabbages and grape leaves, with enormous platters of chicken and beef. Kim's presence creates no stir. He is still on the doorstep of celebrity.
Sitting at his kitchen table, using a look to convey we might as well get one thing straight right now, he says, "I'm not going to call any other players out. I don't need to do that. But [unlike your average everyday image-conscious touring pro] I've never been a person who says something because it looks good in print. A lot of times, that's gotten me in trouble, too. Where I could smooth things over with just a few words, I don't. I choose maybe a little too much of the truth, without spinning it enough, if you know what I mean."
- Keywords:
- Anthony Kim,
- Tom Callahan,
- Ryder Cup


text:
Government calls for Brits to keep heating on this winter
Cold weather plan urges people to keep their homes warm in an attempt to prevent thousands of deaths
by Michele Martinelli on
The plan suggests keeping the living room at 21C and the rest of the home at 18C. It adds that heating to higher temperatures could represent a waste of money, whereas lower temperatures could pose health risks.
Those struggling to pay their energy bills are advised to consider turning the heat up in their living room during the day and in each bedroom just before going to sleep.
24,000 cold-related deaths each year
The plan states that there are more than 24,000 avoidable deaths each year across England and Wales, from causes related to the cold weather. These include "fuel poverty, poor housing and health inequalities, as well as circulating infectious diseases, particularly flu and norovirus."
Dr Paul Cosford, director for health protection and medical director at Public Health England, which issued the report, said: "In colder weather, keeping yourself warm is essential to staying healthy, especially for the very young, older people or those with a chronic condition such as heart disease and asthma.
"There are a range of health problems associated with cold housing and winter weather, but in particular, a cold indoor or outdoor environment can make heart and respiratory problems worse, and can be fatal.
"This is why the cold weather plan sets out a series of actions that health and social care organisations, voluntary groups, and individuals can take and plan for cold temperatures to help reduce cold-related illnesses and deaths."
Energy price hikes mean many will struggle
The timing of the report coincides with a number of the energy companies announcing price rises averaging in the region of 10%. Of the big six energy providers, British Gas, npower, ScottishPower and SSE have all announced price hikes and E.ON and EDF are both expected to follow suit.
Research carried out as part of the Energy Bill Revolution campaign today revealed that Britain ranked amongst the European nations with the most fuel poor citizens. In fact, in Europe, only Estonia has a greater number of fuel poor inhabitants.
The cold weather plan was issued by PHE, which worked with the Department of Health, NHS England and the Local Government Association (LGA) to draft the recommendations.
Read more
Avoiding energy price rises – switch now or later?
UK fuel poverty levels second only to Estonia
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67 comments
Clive on October 26, 2013 at 11:08 am
After ruling the world for centuries the country can't even keep it's vulnerable people warm and healthy.
Michael on October 26, 2013 at 1:17 pm
Nearly every tv clip you see of someone complaining about cold and cost of heating is in shirtsleeves.. Why not put a sweater on ? Why doesn't the government ever mention warm clothing and if there's money to spare,,subsidize a good thick sweater each for older people ?. ..
Christine on October 26, 2013 at 6:06 pm
Thank you Government for the helpful tip. Are we the fourth or fifth richest country? It hardly makes any difference if there is not better solution to fuel poverty than heating the bedroom at 18 degrees and the lounge at 21. Some people are not even able to heat to this temperature. The irony is that the advise comes from people whose closest experience of a cold house is a Dickens novel.
Kathy on October 27, 2013 at 12:27 pm
Is it better to keep my underfloor heating on all the time at a medium temperature, or turn off when I am not at home.
Stephen Eblet on October 28, 2013 at 12:21 pm
I've given up on the heating, unless the temperature drops excessively low. We put extra layers on and cover up. I'm just not going to feed these greedy utility companies.
Michael Owens on October 28, 2013 at 6:44 pm
Government really said this?
Mark Cornish on October 28, 2013 at 7:03 pm
Living with a heart condition it is important that I cannot get cold. But the government will not help pay for my heating, and even my medications for my heart condition is not covered by the government. I feel the government should walk a mile in our shoes to see what life is really like.
rocker555 on October 28, 2013 at 9:36 pm
so once it gets to 26000 no one else dies from the cold for this year,,,does that mean they are carried over to next year?????people in fuel poverty should get so many units before their bill kicks in,,,,,,same as tax allowances,,,,,,
Willow on October 28, 2013 at 11:42 pm
Turn the heating down before going to bed? What, I can't afford it on constantly during the day so I certainly can't afford to leave it on at night.
shaun on October 29, 2013 at 4:28 pm
Why don't the governments stop giving handouts by the millions to other countries for the next 5 years , and treat everyone to solar panels so we can all escape the greedy fuel suppliers who hike up prices every winter . This would also encourage the purchases of electric powered cars giving the oil giants a kick in the nuts too.
lagrangia on October 29, 2013 at 6:31 pm
The only way to avert tens of thousands of unnecessary deaths from hypothermia is a massive reduction in the extortionate costs of energy, without frills or gimmicks.
1/ Abolish Green subsidies until renewables are as cheap and reliable as conventional sources of Energy, regardless of EU Directives. This needs good engineers, not desk bound officials. We need them more than we need celebrities or Government officials
2/ Remove all government taxation on domestic energy- their expenditure needs to be more "focussed" on reduction of basic costs of living to levels befitting a major world economy.
3/ Break up the Big Six Cartel and encourage/licence new leaner and more responsive suppliers
4/ Forget Global Warming- even if we were causing the "flat line" in global temperatures since 1997, the Eocene Age ( 56-49 million years ago) proves that an atmospheric carbon dioxide level of 4,000 ppm ( cf today's 400 ppm) is NO threat to "The Planet" at all, but did lead to a diversity of plants and flowers way beyond our present natural world.
We know that Global Warming poses less danger to Humanity than the measures proposed by power hungry bureaucrats to control us( did I mean the Climate). If we are lucky , they will bring us an Ice Age; if we are unlucky, loss of hard-won rights and freedoms in an Ideological dictatorship comes as an "extra".
200 years of history should by now have totally discredited the idea of Ideological Dictatorships, but have we learned that Lesson yet?
Celia on October 29, 2013 at 8:57 pm
What planet are they on? Are they going to pay my utility bills for me? I can't afford more than an hours worth of heat a day and then no warmer than 18C and I'm working or I will be as long as my asthma doesn't decide to play up!
Bish Chan on October 30, 2013 at 6:28 am
Same, never dreamed of having heating on constantly.
Newsbot9 on October 31, 2013 at 4:05 am
So reducing the money the poor have for heating by associating costs onto them, I see… (Oh, and ignoring science)
Moose on October 31, 2013 at 4:21 pm
we are the twelfth richest last i checked (Y) which is crazy high considering the size of britain!
Moose on October 31, 2013 at 4:22 pm
you wanna swap house???? i want heated floors
lagrangia on October 31, 2013 at 7:00 pm
How does reducing energy costs harm the poor? Do the poor really want to continue with ever rising costs and worsening economic decline imposed by a cabal of energy utilities and Green infested politicians?
And, yes, since the atmosphere's temperature has not risen in 17 years and since, without previous warming, an Ice Age is due, we see no need to inflict all these extra costs on consumers . The game is hardly worth the candle..
The effects of Human and natural activity are quite likely to cancel out
Solar cycle variability and volcanism are acknowledged as being operative factors as well, as they have been for billions of years.
There is even an argument which welcomes some global warming for agriculture and lower heating costs- which is more than can be said for a premature Ice Age caused by ideologues in office.
The last independent Greek Prime Minister , in 2011, after a marathon conference on Global Warming, let the cat out of the bag when he declared that Green taxes were neither intended nor able to affect the Climate, but were designed to fund growing and intrusive bureaucracy throughout and for the EU.
This is hardly likely to help the poor or anyone else, except for a self-aggrandising elite. Such elites NEVER help the poor, so why feed them?
Even if the UK were to stop ALL combustion of anything for a century, we might at best reduce atmospheric temperature rises (if all this were actually to work) by 0.02% of its projected rise- now greatly reduced in the light of the Climate's obstinate refusal to fit the graphs.. China and India, and quite possibly Turkey are clearly not looking for a Green Christmas..
We achieve a massive reduction in living standards for minimal, if any , gain. Only a Red or a Green could support such folly, but then the rise of the Greens began within a year of the Fall of Communism. Different ideology, same innate characteristics
Newsbot9 on October 31, 2013 at 10:43 pm
Well, for starters you're not talking about reducing energy bills. Keep getting confused between greens and capitalists, as you push your pseudo-science and talk about cherry-picked figures.
Then you blame the EU, talk about your elite of AGCC-deniers and how you hate the poor, pump out more pseudo-science and you are the one demanding massive reductions in living standards, capitalist.
Oh, and if you have Reds Under The Beds, get an exorcism.
Is there a problem with the current system? Yes, RO's have been hijacked into being a bill escalator. That's a good reason to move to a carbon-tax based approach and build nuclear reactors.
BERNY on October 31, 2013 at 11:51 pm
the Tories want to spend 50 billion on a train set 48 billion +on Trident this should be put in the bin, then use the money to nationalize the power companies
lagrangia on November 1, 2013 at 1:17 pm
I think it can be understood by most readers that energy costs are advocated by me and many others as reduced energy bills.To make things clear, the whole aim of what I am calling for IS massively reduced energy bills for households and industry.I do not see that the poor will reject this! I have never hated the poor,neither here nor elsewhere..
I leave hatred to Reds and Greens. Reds have a proven track record for anti-humanism and lethal oppression- ; no dispute there, and Green authorities have openly taken up Red ideas of social engineering. Their agenda is openly anti-human and instead of scapegoating social class are sworn enemies of Humankind per se .
Pol Pot and Genghiz Khan are notable heroes in the Green Movement. Both reached for the Equality of the Mass Graveyard
Enough said!
Newsbot9 on November 1, 2013 at 3:58 pm
Then why are you not calling for things which will do it then?
You then start shouting PC hatred, and talk about your agenda, which you're blaming on others, as you lie about your heroes being theirs.
lagrangia on November 1, 2013 at 6:38 pm
"Shouting" is usually done in higher case letters throughout. Not Guilty…
I suspect that re-nationalised power companies would be even more monopolistic and inefficient than a Cartel of Six. We need a non-Cartel of a few dozen truly independent suppliers, mandated to compete on price – we also need a fuel source which is independent of increasingly odious foreign regimes.
Competitive and flexible innovation is as likely to lead to reduced and more responsive prices in energy supplies as it is beginning to do in civilian rocketry. Neither Cartels nor State Leviathans will "cut it"
The USA, notably under President Obama, has adopted "fracking" in part to avoid entanglements in future increasingly destructive wars in the Middle East, as well as avoiding becoming hostage to the anti-democratic quasi-Tsarist regime in Russia. Ukrainians understand this well…
We could take a leaf out of Obama's book, as well as using it as a lever to enforce real competition with new licences to more diverse suppliers.
If present high prices are to be justified at all from a PR point of view, such Independence for the UK would garner more support than the appeal to the uncertainties of the Climate in generations to come.
Like it or not, millions are now cynical about "Climate Change"- once called "Global Warming" until the line went flat! Where are the World Climate Conferences held locally, and the reduced usage by Climate Ministers of aircraft and expensive limousines? They clearly do not believe their own propaganda! Why should we?
As for a certain one-time politician who pushed wind generators and their associated vast expense and ineffectiveness across the landscape of the UK, what a figure of trustworthiness and decency he turned out to be! What a pity he never had to face Marcus Tullius Cicero in a courtroom….
Perry525 on November 1, 2013 at 8:10 pm
Every time a new solar panel goes up, our energy prices go up as well, to pay for it. Its called the poor (who cannot afford solar panels) subsidizing the rich. Following your suggestion, the last person who doesn't have a solar panel will be paying an energy bill of millions of UK£ to cover the subsides to everyone else.
Christine on November 1, 2013 at 9:10 pm
Wouldn't it be better if our fuel bills we did not have to include colossal percentages in profits? Suppose we were only charged for the actual cost of the fuel we used and whatever overheads were needed to supply and administer it? Oh brave new world!
Newsbot9 on November 2, 2013 at 12:03 am
Fracking has been adopted for political reasons in America, complete with protection from oversight. Taking a "leaf" out of empowering a few large companies to control even more of the power supply, with lots of collateral damage… (tip – the shales in question here are not far from cities…)
The reality is that plenty of people believe in astrology, disbelieve evolution, etc. – no reason to pander to them. The line is not "flat" outside revisionist pseudo-science.
The reality is that if you were actually remotely interested in your stated goals, you'd be behind nuclear energy.
lagrangia on November 2, 2013 at 12:39 am
I am not against nuclear energy. Reactors can be made much cleaner and more efficient than earlier types. Nuclear proliferation could be countered by using Thorium rather than Uranium- a solution I once advocated for Iran years ago; I wonder why they did not take the chance of building a major peaceful technological leadership by going for it rather than the alarming programme they and almost everybody else is stuck with. .
Highly active Nuclear wastes are now open to "glassification" thanks to experimental work with muon bombardment in the Kurchatov Institute in Russia in collaboration with the Technion Institute in Tel Aviv
Meanwhile if we had real Chutzpah, we could go faster towards fusion eg at Culham, – it would still cost less than HS2, propping up a medium sized bank, or a major Middle East War…
The spin-offs would be massive- new plasma physics and technology, cheap desalination of sea water, hgih quality job propsects for our brighter youth, and credible interstellar propulsion systems in the longer run
Newsbot9 on November 2, 2013 at 1:14 am
Hot fusion is something which is not ready for prime tome as a power source. While it needs research cash, we need to be building fission reactors today.
(Also, check the prices of Thorium…looks like China or Russia are buying!)
Hugh mooney on November 2, 2013 at 8:33 pm
I want the cost of power to reduce to but at a cost to the earth instead of reducing the green levy take the money from huge profits they are making and not paying tax on
yrrab on November 3, 2013 at 11:59 am
We should re nationalise the utilities . If you have shareholders you have to pay them and the money you pay them could be used to soften costs to the consumer.
sally on November 3, 2013 at 2:25 pm
When people are in fuel poverty, they cannot afford to turn the heating on at all. This government statement is just another soundbite that makes no sense. How can people who cannot afford to turn their heat on reduce their bills by heating rooms to 18C and heating bedrooms before retiring for the night?
olddave on November 3, 2013 at 11:30 pm
unlike our MP's we the public dont have an allowance to pay our bills from. enough said!!
ramabama on November 5, 2013 at 10:41 pm
More than 50% of the British population cannot afford the new tariff, that is set to increase even further with the cartel of Big 6, most of who are anyway foreign owned, making profits that are mere extortion. Without turning the fuse on the debatable Science that is so skewed towards the rich (few), letting the common man bleed (in the instant case, freeze), enough is to say that the current capitalist system is run by few, for the few and of the few.
Time to nationalize energy companies, reduce costs and prices, divert the excess profits towards job creation, go for solar energy for street lighting (that is hardly ever there is the UK), powering all Government institutions to begin with. Why can't Britain get in to manufacturing Solar Panels, have more nuclear plants, using the public money instead of going for HS2?? Current energy bills will run few millions to poverty, and here is a Government talking about the median home temperature!!!
maryjane on November 5, 2013 at 10:49 pm
so we can make more profits for the foreign owned utilities suppliers
graham on November 6, 2013 at 2:24 pm
the government reduce our cold weather payment by £50 but the bills go up what a joke
fred on November 6, 2013 at 7:11 pm
6th by GDP…
Syd on November 6, 2013 at 11:15 pm
The government are calling for Brits to keep heating on this winter, NOT for the Brits to keep warm and healthy, but to put huge profits into the pockets of the FOREIGN OWNERS and the large share holders (many being MPs) of these energy companies.
21st Century Tiger on November 7, 2013 at 2:43 pm
This is acting on the assumption that we actually have thermostats that tell us the temperatures in individual rooms… or radiators switched on! I only have mine switched on in my sons room!
21st Century Tiger on November 7, 2013 at 2:44 pm
Did you know 1% of Energy consumption globally comes from Solar or Wind power.
Olivia Atkinson on November 7, 2013 at 7:38 pm
If only I could claim my heating costs on expenses!
"The grasping hypocrisy of MPs claiming £200,000 in a year for their energy bills is today laid bare in a shocking Sunday Mirror investigation.
Top of the heap is a millionaire Tory who claimed a staggering £5,822 in just 12 months – more than four times the average household energy bill – to power and heat his £1million constituency home in a sprawling 31-acre estate"
minimemo on November 8, 2013 at 12:02 pm
You can have mine, monthly heating bills of £160 to go with it too…
Vee on November 10, 2013 at 10:46 pm
we paid for ours solely with our own money so there !! And we are helping towards there being enough energy for the likes of you
Perry525 on November 11, 2013 at 6:38 pm
The greater the difference in temperature, the greater the heat loss. Logic says therefore, that having your heating on 24/7 costs more than turning it off. However, in practice because of the cooling of walls, ceiling, floors and rooms contents, having your heating on all the time works best.
I have mine on 24/365 controlled by three thermostats set at 22 daytime 20 nighttime, this works perfectly for me, the home being zoned means that the heating only comes on and heats the room that needs heating. My underfloor heating has a floor surface temperature of 24 to 27C = means warm feet.
pipjake on November 12, 2013 at 2:01 am
I'd say turn off when you are not at home. Use your timer to come on an hour before you get home. I am at home all day, so I have it coming on for 2 hours before I get up in the morning. The timer is a must. Underfloor heating works differently to radiators as it takes 1-2 hours to heat up, and then on for 2 hours in the afternoon. The house stays warm all evening until it's time to go to bed. Then I have my electric over blanket on all night. I could never have the heating on all night. I love the bedroom to be cool, and the blanket to be warm and cozy.
hugh mcClung on November 12, 2013 at 11:06 pm
what they are really saying is get up in the morning go to work , go home get something to eat , then go to bed and so on while the help themselves to your hard earned money , simple …..
Sarah Carter on November 13, 2013 at 3:16 am
I can only heat my home 2 days a week & it's flippin freezing. These politicians are morons of the highest order
vorlon7 on November 13, 2013 at 6:54 am
Keep it on, only my daughters room has any heating as she has asthma the rest is not on I cant afford as a single parent pensioner with 2 children and no support from ex wife to eat and heat
anthonyfarrar on November 13, 2013 at 6:54 pm
If Cameron and his corrupt friends at Westminster weren't obsessed with giving our money away (disguised as aid) to foreign countries, and billions more to the EU and to EU citizens, illegal immigrants and other undeserving cases, perhaps we could look after our own vunerable people?
Or is that asking too much?
anthonyfarrar on November 13, 2013 at 6:55 pm
Size is not important…
anthonyfarrar on November 13, 2013 at 6:55 pm
Thank you.
Monti on November 13, 2013 at 8:24 pm
With a thermostat in my hall, all radiators are either on or off. There is no control over individual radiators.
tasha on November 14, 2013 at 11:05 am
i actually switched 2 years ago to setting my thermostat at 20 for the winter and my energy bill was less than me turning it on and off constantly when it got cold. my heating actually clicked on less doing this as my house seemed to level out at a good temperature, so it does work and my bill was cheaper. and no I don't have loads of money, im a single working parent on one small income and no I don't agree with the price hikes that the gas companies put on us but there are also a lot of things you can get for free now to help keep the heat in, like loft insulation and cavity walls. so try it because it does work.
Steve Bateman on November 14, 2013 at 7:17 pm
And who is going to pay the bill – Cameron, Milliband, The 3rd one or are the energy firms going to let us have the fuel for free??
Tim on November 19, 2013 at 6:15 pm
Don't tell me, you 're sleeping in your sons room.
Tim on November 19, 2013 at 6:20 pm
No you are not. You get paid inflated prices by the electricity company for the energy you generate. Money we actually pay in higher bills because the energy companies pass it on to us.
So thank you very much indeed. By bill would be lower if you hadn't bought the damn things.
Tim on November 19, 2013 at 6:21 pm
But it never could even when we were running the world.
Tom on November 20, 2013 at 2:39 pm
I put the thermostat to 17 C and then put a jumper on. Not because I cant afford it, I probably can if I am honest. Its rather that it is perfectly possible to live in a cool temperature if you dress sensibly. I know people that complain about fuel prices and when I go around to their houses its like Barbados and they are walking around in a T shirt. Turning the heating down to save money is like going second class instead of first class. It may not be as pleasant but is perfectly adequate and you save money.
Vee on November 20, 2013 at 3:31 pm
In a sense you are correct, the government (not the energy companies) is paying us with money taxed from other people. However, the more people who generate their own, the lower the need for more and bigger power stations to "keep the lights on" and the less chance of constant blackouts. These power stations cost billions to build and run and that comes out of tax too. You either pay with your left hand or with your right. There is – in case you have not noticed it – an energy crisis. We cannot go on burning fossil fuels and the only alternatives appear costly at the moment but will reduce. Sustainable energy generation is the only type which will not literally cost us the earth.
rob on November 21, 2013 at 10:06 pm
In the picture the house appears to be burning down. I don't think the Govt quite had that in mind when it recommended keeping the heating up.
Tim on November 21, 2013 at 10:10 pm
No Vee it doesn't come out of tax. It is not the Government that pays you the inflated prices, it is the energy company that is forced to do so by the Government. And these charges are passed straight on to the rest of us.
Vee on November 22, 2013 at 11:46 am
Oh. so the energy they are paying us for is energy they do NOT have to pay someone else for – a bit like buying 19lbs of apples from one store and 1lb of apples from another when you need 20lbs of apples. How will they then need to pass on the cost of the 1lb of apples to someone else ?
Tim on November 22, 2013 at 10:16 pm
Because they could have bought the energy that you sold them from a coal fired power station for half the price they are forced to pay you.
The Government is forcing them to close the coal fired stations that produce cheap energy and instead buy very expensive energy from you and it is the rest of us who have to pay through higher prices.
There has never been a shortage of power in this country and if coal fired stations were not being forced to close we just wouldn't need the power you generate. There is no way the energy companies would buy the energy you generate from you at those prices if they were not forced to do so. They can very simply generate it much cheaper themselves.
And if they did my energy bill would be lower.
Vee on November 23, 2013 at 12:12 pm
I cannot argue with what you say except to point out that there is a higher hidden cost to be paid for the continuing use of fossil fuels. Have you got children ? What world will you pass on to them ? Are you old enough to remember how many died from smog before the Clean Air Act ? That was a simple solution, The solution to our current climate problems is very much more complex, and should have been addressed decades ago.
We afforded our own solar panels because we do not spend on other things which so many folk think/feel are vital. We have a tiny TV, only one computer, no other electronic gadgets, one basic high mileage car and we do not take expensive overseas holidays or buy designer clothing. I am sorry your energy bill is beyond your means – what steps have you taken to reduce your energy use ?
Tim on November 23, 2013 at 3:24 pm
First, I am not blaming you at all for buying the solar panels and taking advantage of the scheme, I just wanted to highlight who is really paying for the switch from fossil fuels to renewables and that it really does affect some of the most vulnerable people who are often ill equipped to pay the higher prices.
With respect to global warming and the need to switch to more expensive power, I am not a scientist, but if it turns out that global warming either isn't really happening or if it is, it isn't actually such a bad thing (I personally wouldn't be complaining if the temperature around me was higher) then the real cost shouldn't be measured in billions of pounds but in the millions of people who ensured inadequate heating due to the higher prices.
Vee on November 24, 2013 at 12:41 pm
Ok I understand where you are coming from and I sympathise. but please do not refer to global warming, this give folks the totally wrong impression. I am referring to massive climate disruption not just a slightly warmer days.(some places will get colder days) I am also referring to the dwindling supply of fossil fuels and the increasingly environment damaging methods of trying to extract the last accessible drops. When all the options have been exploited what then ? NOW is the time to change to sustainable energy, that which is inexhaustible. Like everything the technical aspect will cost more to start with but the price will come down the more we use it. After all the sun, the wind and the sea are free.
Graham on November 26, 2013 at 9:07 pm
Apparently the Government also provides free healthcare for every citizen for no other reason than to support the profits of the pharmaceutical companies.
Any they only pay pensions because they want Tesco to sell more food and I have heard that the only reason they build roads and bridges and schools is because a few MP's have got shares in construction companies.
Syd, you are a Pillock.
cry wolf on November 26, 2013 at 9:10 pm
Is that your nose getting bigger!
Heatwave on January 13, 2014 at 11:45 pm
This government plan proves they are living on a different planet to the rest of us ,no idea of the reality of hard ship or trying to budget how ever keep sending the tax payers money away to country's that laugh at us keep squeezing your own people for the benefit of out siders that's government policy
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text: This week, Baltimore County school officials started distributing hand-held metal detectors to school resource officers to help in the effort to keep weapons off campus. At the same time, Anne Arundel County made an app for students to submit tips about possible threats available on iTunes and Google Play. Parents who are worried about the rash of weapons incidents in area schools this year may be inclined to think Baltimore County is taking the more significant step, but research and recent experience suggest otherwise.