text:
VGCC tuition could increase
Tuition rates could increase for Vance-Granville Community College students next year.
At the board of trustees meeting Monday night, Steve Graham, college vice president of finance and operations, said the State Board of Community Colleges approved a 50 cent increase to the schools can charge per credit hour.
This would increase Vance-Granville's in-state rate from $71.50 per credit hour to $72, with a maximum of $1,152 per semester. Out-of-state tuition would go from $263.50 to $264 per credit hour with a cap of $4,224 per semester.
This change has been enacted before the General Assembly could approve its budget, and Graham said it is subject to change.
"If the General Assembly adjourns without the enactment of legislation directing this tuition increase, this action will be null and void," he said.
He said any funds gathered under the tuition raise would then be refunded.
Continuing education registration fees will not be affected.
Also during the meeting, trustees approved a new distance education policy allowing the college to deny admission to out-of-state students coming from states without a mutual agreement with the college.
At the last board of trustees meeting, President Stelfanie Williams said she was notified that states were collecting fees from colleges who admit their residents into distance education programs.
She said states are charging up to $13,000 per student.
She said the State Board of Community Colleges granted community colleges the right to adopt policies to protect themselves.
Williams also gave the board a preview of its 2014-2015 budget. She said the college received a $35,000 increase from Vance County to enhance security measures and about $20,000 more from Granville County to use for updates to the main campus.
She said the college is still collecting data on Warren and Franklin counties' budgets.
L. Opie Frazier, who has been a trustee since 1971 — though with a break between 1996 through 2002 — was sworn in, renewing his term for another four years.
Also during the meeting, the board approved the nominations committee recommendation to sustain officer positions for another year: Deborah Brown will remain chairwoman, Stanley H. Fox will serve another year as vice chairman, and Doris Terry Williams will remain secretary.
Contact the writer at email@example.com.


text:
Catalogue Number: 212-7539
Xbox 360
Released: 30/09/11
Sorry, there are currently no sellers for this product.
Product Details
FIFA 12 brings revolutionary changes to the pitch like the all new Player Impact Engine, a physics engine built to deliver real-world physicality in every interaction on the pitch. Experience the way real-world footballers challenge each other for the ball, win possession, and test each other physically, making your FIFA experience realistic with an infinite variety of natural and believable outcomes.
Revolutionary gameplay innovations include the all-new precision dribbling that creates a higher fidelity of touch on the ball for better control in tight spaces, more time to make decisions on attack, and more control over the pace of the game. The re-designed defending mechanism is balances with the new attack system, making it as skilful and realistic as real-world football. Tactical defending allows you to position and intercept passes that are as important as tackling.
Tactics and timing are crucial in this new edition of FIFA, combined with Pro Player intelligence – a self-awareness that enables CPU platers to behave and make decisions based on their own skills and tendencies.
Introducing EA SPORTS Football Club—the heartbeat of FIFA 12—a live service connecting players to the real-world game with fresh, new content all the time, enabling them to support their favourite club and connect and compete with their friends, rivals and millions of other players around the world.
Product specifications
Product specifications
|Xbox 360
Key Information
|Electronic Arts
|Age Rating
|Xbox 360
|Xbox 360

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Anyone who is considering getting a job in the oil and gas industry is most likely searching the internet for information regarding the offshore drilling companies. The offshore drilling companies attempt to locate new oil and gas resources which lie at the bottom of the ocean. Click Here
Anyone who is looking for a job in an offshore oil rig is going to have to know how to find the offshore drilling rig companies that are hiring. When people talk about offshore drilling companies most people tend to think about the common companies such as Exxon, Shell and BP. However there are several more offshore drilling companies that may be willing to let you work for them. If you know that you want to work on an oil rig and are searching for offshore drilling companies employment opportunities you will definitely want to take the time to read this article.
You will find a lot of useful information on this site as well as how to land these high paying jobs. You will find tat there are several offshore drilling companies that you may not even know about.
The main offshore drilling locations include Santos Basins which is off the cost of Brazil, Gulf Of Mexico which lies near Texas as well as the Campos which is also near Brazil. You will also find that there are several drilling companies that are in South East Asia and Russia.
Finding Offshore Drilling Companies That Are Hiring
Anyone who has been doing any type of job search understands that the job market is not as great as it used to be. It seems like several of the jobs are going overseas and there is no stability in today's poor economic times. However what you need to realize is that everyone uses oil and as the demand for oil continues to grow; this means that the offshore drilling companies will be searching for new employees who can help them achieve their goals. The demand for oil will continue to grow especially in countries such as China and India.
This is great news for anyone who is considering finding a job in the offshore drilling platforms. However most people who want to find these jobs have no clue how to find the offshore drilling jobs.
Finding these jobs is not rocket science; however you will have to take the time to find the companies that are hiring.
Once you find these offshore drilling companies that are hiring you will have to send out your applications. You will also want to have a resume ready as several of these companies will require you to submit a resume to be considered for these high paying jobs.
As you begin doing your search online for these offshore drilling companies employment opportunities you will want to consider using some of the job boards sites like, Career Builder, Monster, Snag A Job, Yahoo Jobs, Beyond or any other site that will help you find these jobs. Many of these sites will help you post your resume online so the offshore drilling companies can find your resume if they are hiring. You may also want to consider using this Rig Worker placement company; this company has been placing people in offshore drilling jobs for several years.
List Of Offshore Drilling Companies
Regardless of what type of job you are looking for on the oil rigs you will want to find out what some of the offshore drilling companies are. Below you will find some of the offshore drilling companies that may or may not be hiring.
- Japan Drilling Company
- Noble Drilling
- Stena Drilling
- Transocean
- Geoservices
- GlobalSantaFe
- Baker Hughes
- Altinex
- Global Marine Drilling
- Dolphin Drilling
- Crosco Drilling
Of course this is just a small list of some of the offshore drilling companies. Anyone who is serious about finding these jobs will want to make the whole process as easy as possible to find these high paying jobs. In fact we highly recommend that you use this company; they will take your resume and submit it to all the offshore drilling companies that are hiring so you do not have to do anything else Click Here.


text:
Do you have a Harpur Advising question that you think might also be on other student's minds? If so, please send your question to Ask Ashley We will choose a unique question each week and provide the answer to you and your fellow students. Your entries will be kept anonymous. If you have a personal question, please direct your inquiry to the "Ask An Advisor".
March month's Question of Month is:
Last Updated: 6/3/15


text:
About Us
Stareast International Pty Ltd was founded in December of 1994. Over the past 20 years the company has built a strong reputation in the supply of quality appliance spare parts and equipment to a large customer base in Australia. Stareast International Pty Ltd is a family owned and operated company that has been serving the appliance service industry Australia wide since the late 1960's.
Our core purpose is for promotion and advancement of our industry – for the benefit of all and our values involve teamwork, commitment, consistency and focusing on innovative, market-driven and quality products for our customers.
With over 45 years experience in the appliance industry, the company has always focused on improving its products and image by providing the best possible customer service and appliance spare parts products at the best possible price. We are also known to have the best technical and customer service around; our team is well educated, experienced and understands the business in depth. If you require any industry information or understanding to the installation of a spare parts, feel free to contact us on 02 9792 5988 or via our Enquiry Form.
Stareast International Pty Ltd is serving the appliance industry as one of the suppliers of alternative and after market spare parts & equipment for air-conditioning, refrigeration, washing machines, dryers, dishwashers, stoves, ovens and hot water systems, just to name a few. Popular brands include Hoover, Simpson, GE, Kleenmaid, Whirlpool, Maytag, Westinghouse, Kelvinator, Chef, Fisher & Paykel, Technica, Blanco, Smeg, Ariston Indesit, Miele, St George, Hitachi and many other brands. High-demand stock items include Ranco Thermostats, Robertshaw Regulators, Invensys Appliance Controls, Paragon Timers, EGO, Stareast Compressors, Betts Condenser Fan Motors, Fasco products and much more.
We also distribute spare parts and equipment for HVAC+R such as flaring tools, expanders, vacuum pumps, relclaim units, evaporator fan motors, condenser fan motors, driers, schrader valves, air conditioning copper pipe and insulation. Other parts include washing machines pumps and hoses, dryer timers and filters, stove elements and switches, hot water elements and thermostats and dishwasher pumps and hoses. Please feel free to browse around our website for all the product lines and submit a quote to us or become a member for great benefits. Click here to register.
Stareast International's future business plans are to expand the current spare parts range for all white goods. We plan to develop the electrical elements - stoves parts division, with a greater focus to the industrial & commercial products, such as stove switches, elements. Also copper piping, larger compressors, condensing units and cabinet coolers for our always growing HVAC+R department. Why not go to our home page and download our most recent catalogues?
We distribute and supply a vast range of standard copper piping and insulation piping to suit any application of refrigeration and air conditioning installation. Our industry standard quality insulation piping is manufactured and supplied in either fire rated and non fire rated form and strictly conforms and complies with all Australian standards, AS/NZS 1571:1995. All parts are manufactured and supplied in either hard drawn or soft drawn (annealed).
We believe that there is an opportunity for us to assist any business in enhancing and improving the service quality that your organisation currently provides by using our quality range of products. As your business expands, our organisation has the ability to meet any purchases your business may require at the most competitive prices. We would like to assist in playing a part in growing your business and helping increase your profits by supplying our products at the best possible price available.
The company is located in an excellent position at 45 Bryant Street, Padstow, positioned in the Padstow Industrial Area. Situated near the M5 Motorway, it allows easy and fast access to the CBD and western suburbs. For easy directions see our Contact Us page.
The location in Padstow has provided the company better access to their customers with the use of different distributed channels. All couriers in the Padstow Industrial area deliver Australia wide which maintains the freight charge at a reasonable price for all customers. Customers can track the location of their goods via the courier's website. Please ring of email us for further information, or click here for our FAQs.
Stareast International is serving the appliance spare parts industry as to the survival of the appliance repair industry. We are here to satisfy our customers with the best quality products at a reasonable price.
Our philosophy in the present market is to help trade customers in the repair of all appliances, the reconditioning of many gearboxes, timers and electronic boards, reducing waste on our environment and the promotion of recycling wherever possible.
For more information, please don't hesitate to speak to one of our friendly staff.


text:
Posts filtered on Tag
Ex-Astro Roger Clemens responds to Mike Piazza's unfulfilled desire for karate revenge
KISSIMMEE, Fla. — Former Astros pitcher Roger Clemens on Sunday morning discussed Mike Piazza's comments in a recent autobiography about wanting to get revenge on the seven-time Cy Young-winner. Clemens on Piazza's comments: "I wasn't aware of that. I didn't see it. I just got a couple of texts that weren't too pleasant about it. […] [Read More]


text:
The world's smallest portable heart-lung support system.
The CARDIOHELP System is the world's smallest portable heart-lung support system designed to treat and to transport patients needing extended respiratory and/or
circulatory support. It is ideal for use in intensive care units, cardiac catheter laboratories, operating rooms and emergency rooms.
The CARDIOHELP System consists of the following components:
- CARDIOHELP-i, incl.
– CARDIOHELP Device
– CARDIOHELP Software
– CARDIOHELP Emergency Drive
– Cables and sensors
- Holders
- Optional sensors
- CARDIOHELP equipment
Complete Hybrid OR Solutions
Maquet partners with hospitals to provide interdisciplinary Hybrid OR that measurably improve care.
CARDIOHELP System
The world's smallest portable heart-lung support system.
Setting a new standard in hemodynamic support with a giant leap forward in functionality and versatility.
Meet the VASOVIEW Family
Our EVH systems accelerate recovery and meet the needs of clinical users at all skill levels.


text:
Since June 2015, distribution of many everyday goods, such as toothpaste and cleaning products, is a complicated case in Russia. New federal regulations on alcohol consumption state that products containing over 0.5 percent alcohol are subject to licensing.
Russia's President Vladimir Putin has approved a new maritime doctrine that focuses on naval presence in the Arctic and the Atlantic.
The two companies' first ever joint drilling operations could result in the development of a major new Arctic oil field.
The "Yuri Ivanov" will patrol in the Arctic and keep a close eye on neighbor and NATO member Norway.
So far this year 58 asylum seekers have crossed the border from Russian into Norway. 55 of them came from Syria.
A new law might force shipping companies to sail in the Arctic only under Russian flag.
Even though most diplomatic contacts are on freezing level between Norway and Russia, there are no changes for the annual Norwegian-Russian search and rescue exercises in the Barents Sea.
The number of murders in northern Russian regions has decreased threefold since the 1990s.
Renowned Norwegian actress Gørild Mauseth is in the leading role when actors and producers from the Gorky Dramatic Theatre in Vladivostok come to Harstad to present a unique version of Tolsoy's classic play Anna Karenina.
Another well will be completed by the end of June, Gazprom Neft Director for offshore projects Andrey Patrushev says.
The two companies might carry out their first joint drillhole in 2016.
Ambassadors from the 28 EU nations have agreed at a meeting in Brussels to extend sanctions on Russia until next January.
For ten weeks the nuclear powered icebreaker "Yamal" brought a major team of researchers practically all along Russia's Arctic coast.
Maximum, the support group for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community in Murmansk feels offended after the largest hotel in town cancelled their conference hall booking. We wanted to protect them, says the management.
The Murmansk Economic Zone was presented as a miracle cure for regional development and as key facility for the Shtokman project. Today, five years on, regional authorities put their faith in the fish industry.
The Polish energy company PGNiG aims for Norwegian Arctic licenses in areas near the maritime border to Russia.
A court in Murmansk convicts activist Irina Paykacheva for her participation in an unsanctioned public commemoration of late Boris Nemtsov.
The company gets a 3-year time extension in seven Arctic offshore licenses.
The 30th edition of the Midnight Sun Film Festival in Sodankylä, Lapland broke all prvious audience records. More than 30 000 visitors watched films around the clock in the heart of Lapland.
Swedish ore production reached an all-time high in 2014. Base metals and precious metals increased most, while iron ore production remained at the same level as the year before.
Researchers say that in 35 years, Finland could theoretically get all of its energy needs using only renewable energy sources.
Can be the first direct intercontinental flight across the Atlantic from the Barents Region.
Western sanctions have made drilling in the Russian Arctic difficult, but seismic works continue and will be completed according to plan, says Russia's Minister of Energy Aleksander Novak.
A Ukrainian maritime engine manufacturer has broken its cooperation with the Russian state shipbuilding corporation. That has consequences for Russia's Northern Fleet
Russia's Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev has approved a plan for development of the Northern Sea Route. The aim is to increase capacity by 20 times over the next 15 years.
Atomflot has completed emptying "Lotta" for nuclear waste. The last shipment of waste was sent to an onshore storage plant on Friday.
Dogs have been "man's best friend" long before humans settled down through the advent of agriculture.
The number of border-crossing between Norway and Russia plummeted nearly 18 percent in May compared to 2014.
Nuclear safety projects in the Murmansk region wouldn't be the same without her contribution. Finnish European Parliament Member Heidi Hautala is today one of 89 Europeans barred from Russia in response to EU sanctions over Crimea and Ukraine.
Wistleblower Edward Snowden is winner of this year's recognized Bjørnson Award, but Norwegian authorities are unlikely to guarantee his safe travel to the award ceremony. The former CIA employee should instead be handed over the award in Pechenga, the Russian borderlands to Norway, a Norwegian university lecturer suggests.


text:
Okay I just placed the order:
Case: $90 for COOLER MASTER Storm Scout SGC-2000-KKN1-GP.
PSU: $120 for LEPA G500-MA 500W 80 PLUS Gold Certified Modular.
MOBO: $155 for MSI Z68A-GD55 (B3) LGA 1155 Intel Z68 HDMI SATA 6Gb/s USB 3.0 ATX.
CPU: $315 for Intel Core i7-2600K Sandy Bridge 3.4GHz (3.8GHz Turbo Boost) LGA 1155 95W Quad-Core.
RAM: $61 for CORSAIR Vengeance 8GB (2 x 4GB) 240-Pin DDR3 SDRAM DDR3 1600 (PC3 12800).
With a $25 NewEgg gift card, that came to a total of about $716 (and $50 of that will be "refunded" with mail-in-rebates).
Yep, that's right. No GPU. After looking into the Z68 mobo and realizing that the CPU-integrated-GPU would be an upgrade from my current GPU, and also that I can use my current GPU in the new system, I decided to forego a new, expensive GPU for now.
This will give me a desperately needed new PC soon while still allowing me to save up for and decide on other important parts like the discrete GPU (in my opinion, the jury is still out on ATI vs nVidia), SSD, HDD(s), Optical drive, WiFi adapter, media card reader, UPS, more ram, HDD toaster dock, 70" HDTV, Ferrari, 60k ft2 mansion, and private jet.
Thanks to everyone for their advice, feedback and other contributions so far. I'll probably keep this thread going a bit with updates on how the initial build runs as well as ask more questions etc. once I am prepared to make the next order.


text:
Who doesn't enjoy chocolates!! Your skin loves it too : )
Here is a simple DIY chocolate honey mask to get your skin feeling soft, silky and glowing
For this mask you will need:
3 tbsp molten dark chocolate– your skin gets the goodness of antioxidants from cocoa; raw cocoa has thirty times the antioxidant level of green tea.
1 tbsp. honey– your skin gets moisturized, hydrated due to honey being a humectant- it draws and retains H2O in your skin. Honey is a anti-bacterial agent, deep cleanses your skin and keeps your skin pores breathing.
2 tbsp. yogurt– Lactic acid bacteria present in yogurt cleanse, tone and brighten up your skin.
1 tbsp. oatmeal– oatmeal exfoliates your skin.
Method: Mix all these ingredients well. Apply to your cleansed face for 15-20 minutes and then rinse off with warm water.
Your skin feels soft, hydrated and nourished!
To Know What Skincare Products Work For Your Skin, Check Out http://www.mySkin.com
Like mySkin on Facebook at http://www.facebook.com/mySkin
Join our vibrant beauty community on Twitter at http://www.twitter.com/mySkin
Pinning is fun! Pin with us on http://www.pinterest.com/mySkin


text:
Joseph Kosuth, 1979
Physical Details: Photographic print : 1 item : b&w ; 21 x 26 cm.
Creator: Sarah Edwards Charlesworth (1947-), photographer
Description: Kosuth stands with arms folded in front of two panels of Dutch text hanging on the wall.
Identification on verso (typewritten): Joseph Kosuth (1979), photo credit: Sarah Charlesworth
Forms part of: Leo Castelli Gallery records, circa 1880-2000, bulk, 1957-1999
Citation: Joseph Kosuth, 1979
Digital ID: 10190
- Kosuth, Joseph
View all Image Gallery items from the Leo Castelli Gallery records
Web access is restricted to small image only


text:
Why go?
Risque nightlife and glamorous casino resorts draw crowds from around the world but not just to gamble and gawp. In modern Las Vegas, top chefs dish up global flavours, while boutique hotels, fashion-forward shops, art galleries and chic clubs attract even gambling neophytes who can't tell a full house from a flush.
Download the free Telegraph Travel app to destinations worldwide: itunes.apple.com
Where casinos have no clocks, nightlife has no limits, and Sin City stays wide-awake until dawn. Saunter past velvet ropes at an ultra lounge, sip cocktails under the stars at a rooftop bar, or take in a mega-star's stage show.
Roll out of bed just in time for a champagne brunch buffet, then sun yourself at a hot pool club. Las Vegas is made for sybaritic escapes from the humdrum everyday.
From its roots as a Western cowboy town, Las Vegas (Spanish for "the meadows") transformed into a mid-20th-century mobster hideaway, where Frank Sinatra's Rat Pack, stars such as Marilyn Monroe and Elvis, and bigwigs like JFK cavorted with showgirls.
Every building boom has been bigger and better than the last. Even during the recent US economic recession, the action at casino tables along the Strip hardly missed a beat.
When to go
Las Vegas is an anytime destination. Casino doors never shut, not even for Christmas. Spring and autumn are the most temperate times to visit. In summer, the heat and humidity can be oppressive, although it's also when Vegas' sexy pool season peaks.
Winter weather is cold and rainy, but snow is rare except in the mountains outside the city. New Year's Eve is by far the biggest annual event, when room rates skyrocket and every hotel for miles around is booked out.
Getting There
Flights: Flying time from London to Las Vegas is approximately 10 to 11 hours. Virgin Atlantic (0844 209 7777; virgin-atlantic.com) flies nonstop from Gatwick
Airport transfers: Taxi fares to the Strip average $18-25, to downtown $23-30 plus tip (10-15 per cent of the total fare). Request that the driver take surface streets to avoid being scammed by the longer I-15 connector tunnel to the Strip. Airport shuttle buses are slower but cheaper: one-way fares cost from $7 per person.
Getting Around
On foot: It's a four-mile walk along the entire Strip (Las Vegas Boulevard), but the main attractions are on a two-mile-long pedestrian-friendly stretch centred on Flamingo Avenue.
Taxis: It's illegal to hail cabs in the street. Find taxi stands outside casinos, hotels and shopping malls. Rates start at $3.30, plus $2.60 per mile (airport surcharge $2.00). A trip from one end of the Strip to the other, or between the Strip and downtown, should cost under $20 (including tip), depending on waiting time in traffic.
Buses: Double-decker Deuce and SDX express buses connect the Strip and downtown 24 hours a day, but service can be slow. A two-hour pass costs $6 (all day $8, three days $20; 702 228-7433, 800 228-3911; rtcsnv.com/transit/).
Monorail: A private monorail runs along the Strip's east side, as well as to the city's convention centre, but it's expensive (single-ride ticket $5, one-day pass $12) and stations are a 10-minute walk off Las Vegas Boulevard. Operates daily: 7am-midnight, Mondays; until 2am Tuesday to Thursday; 3am Friday to Sunday; 702 699-8299; lvmonorail.com.
Trams: Free trams connect these Strip casinos: Mandalay Bay, Luxor and Excalibur; the Monte Carlo, Aria and Bellagio; and the Mirage and TI (Treasure Island)
There's no reason to hire a car if you'll be staying on the Strip or downtown. A car may come in handy for day-trip excursions, though. Major international car-hire agencies have rental desks near McCarran Airport and at major casino hotels – book in advance.
Know before you go
Essential contacts
British Consulate-General, Los Angeles: (310) 789-0031
Emergency services (ambulance, fire, police): Dial 911
Police (non-emergencies): Dial 311
Las Vegas Visitor Information Center, 3150 Paradise Rd, Las Vegas. (702) 892-7575, (877) 847-4858; lasvegas.com. Open Monday-Friday, 8am-5.30pm
Currency: US dollar
Telephone code: +1 (702)
Time difference: - 8
Flight times: London to Las Vegas is less than 11 hours.
Local laws & etiquette
The legal age for drinking alcohol and gambling is 21. Carry photo ID with you as proof of age when patronizing bars, nightclubs, liquor stores, etc. Anyone under 21 is not allowed inside casinos, although you won't likely be stopped just walking through.
You must be at least 18 years old to smoke or purchase tobacco. Smoking is prohibited at cinemas, shopping malls, indoor restaurants and some bars that serve food. Look for an ashtray before lighting up, or ask first if smoking is allowed.
Prostitution is illegal in Clark County, which includes the city of Las Vegas. Nevada's legal brothels are located in rural areas far outside the city.
Download the free Telegraph Travel app to destinations worldwide: itunes.apple.com
More Telegraph Travel expert guides


text:
Services: Reproductive Health
Student Health Services strives to be sensitive to the issues of those who may be sexually active with the opposite sex, same sex or both as well as for those students who are not or have not been sexually active. It is our goal to provide quality clinical services in an environment that is non-judgmental and respectful of each individual as well as his or her privacy.
STI Testing and Treatment
STI testing is available through the Health Center and treatment for STIs is available at the Health Center. The Health Center provides testing and treatment for all sexually transmitted infections or diseases. Students may make an appointment with a nurse practitioner to discuss testing needs. STD screening is also provided as part of routine, annual reproductive health visits.
HIV Testing
HIV Testing is available to all students and is provided as part of routine, annual reproductive health visits. Individuals can discuss their concerns, undergo confidential testing, and speak with a healthcare professional regarding any HIV-related issue in a safe, non-judgmental environment. Knowing your HIV status is the first step in getting information and taking action to stay healthy.
HPV Vaccine
HPV vaccine (Gardisil) is available to all students and is offered as part of routine health visits. The vaccine is recommended for both women and men and protects against four major types of HPV. The vaccine series consists of three injections which are given over a six month period. HPV (Human Papillomavirus) is the most common sexually transmitted virus in the US. It causes genital warts and cervical cancer. HPV can also cause anal warts and is a risk factor for anal cancer.
Services for Women
Women may come to Health Services to discuss general health concerns, contraception options, safer sex, and sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening and treatment and pregnancy testing.
Haverford College Student Health Services provides caring, comprehensive, gynecologic care. Routine annual visits for gynecologic care are available that include PAP smears if needed. Services include contraceptive management, counseling and exams for STDs, minor vaginal complaints, breast issues, general women's health concerns, and pregnancy diagnosis. For more complicated problems, referrals to off-campus resources are available.
We offer health exams so students can maintain an up-to-date knowledge of their reproductive health, to become familiar with what is normal for their body and in turn to be able to identify future health problems. Women, who have sex partners of the opposite sex, same sex or both, should have regular health exams which may include a GYN exam. A health exam and if appropriate a gynecologic (GYN) exam is not only for sexually active women - women who are not sexually active should have regular health exams.
Contraceptive Services
There are many contraceptive options available to women and most methods are available Health Services and the staff can help you find the method that's right for you.
To get started on hormonal contraception, you can schedule a complete "annual" exam. At that appointment, a clinician will review your health history, perform a physical and review various contraceptive options and their risks and benefits. A pelvic exam is not needed to get most forms of birth control except for the intrauterine device (IUD), diaphragm, and cervical cap. Or you can schedule a brief appointment (without an exam) for the clinician to just discuss various contraceptive options.
A complete health history and exam is suggested prior to starting all prescription methods of birth control. Patients who are starting a hormonal method of contraception ; Oral contraceptives, Depo-Provera® (The Shot), Ortho Evra® (The Patch), NuvaRing® (The Ring) for the first time are typically asked to return for a 3 month "method check" visit prior to receiving a hormone prescription for the rest of the year. You should call for all contraceptive resupply appointments at least 3 weeks prior to ending the last month supply of your method.
If you are current using a method of contraception, Student Health Services can provide routine contraceptive care and supplies for you during the school year. If you have had a complete exam at another facility (e.g., doctor or nurse practitioner at home, Planned Parenthood, public health clinic) we encourage you to have your records faxed or mailed here so we have a complete record of your health history. You can download or pick up a Records Release Form (pdf) at the Health Center and have your medical provider fax it to Health Services at 610-896-1090.
Pregnancy Testing and Counseling
The Student Health Center offers pregnancy testing, options counseling, and referrals. Confidential urine pregnancy testing with results in 5 minutes is available in Health Services. All services are private and provided by a trained professional who will discuss your test results and provide information and resources. Women wanting a pregnancy test can call Student Health for an appointment. Partners and friends are welcome at this visit.
Be Prepared - Emergency Contraception (EC)
Each of us has faced difficult moments, including sometimes when a contraceptive method is not available or fails. Emergency contraception (EC) is a method of potentially preventing pregnancy after unprotected sexual intercourse. Emergency contraception is available through Health Services for both immediate and future use. If you need EC immediately, come into Student Health Services during regular office hours. For after hours it is available over the counter at area pharmacies. EC is effective if taken within 5 days after unprotected intercourse has occurred.
Haverford students also have the option of getting a supply of EC for future use at Student Health Services, without having to schedule an appointment, at a cost of $25.00. This is only for women or men who want to have a supply on hand, in case it is needed in the future. A supply can be picked up at Student Health Services or you can request a supply be sent to you through campus mail along with instructions for the use of the method and advice. The charge will be posted to your student bookstore account. Charges to the account will appear as "Student Health Services" and will not specify that you received. Studies show you are more likely to take a form of emergency contraception if you have it on hand instead of having to go somewhere to get it.
Consider having EC on hand ""just in case" if:
- you and your partner are relying on only condoms for birth control. Emergency contraception can come in handy in case of condom failure.
- you are not sexually active that often and don't want to take daily contraception. Having condoms and EC nearby for an unplanned sexual encounter would be a prudent choice.
- you want to back up your hormonal birth control (pills, ring or patch) if you have not used it correctly. If you use your hormonal contraceptives inconsistently, emergency contraception can significantly reduce your risk of pregnancy.
Services for Men
Men may come to Health Services for reproductive health services to discuss general health concerns, contraception options, safer sex, and sexually transmitted infections (STI) screening and treatment. Men, who have sex partners of the opposite sex, same sex or both, should have regular health exams. Routine exams allow men to maintain an up-to-date knowledge of their reproductive health, to become familiar with what is normal for their body and in turn to be able to identify future health problems. All men regardless their level of sexual activity should get routine preventive health services. HPV vaccination (Gardisil) is recommended for men and is available through the Health Center. STI and HIV testing is available through the Health Center
Services for men include:
- Evaluation and treatment for sexual health issues
- Routine annual screening for STDs and HIV
- Diagnosis and treatment for STDs
- Support in maintaining sexual health
- Support and assistance for concerns relating to sexual function or performance
- Support and assistance for concerns relating to sexual relationships
- Information about testicular self exams
- Routine age-specific laboratory testing
- Blood pressure screening
- Review of medication
- Information about diet and exercise
You may also want to schedule an appointment for an exam if you are experiencing:
- Unusual or severe abdominal, testicular or rectal pain
- Abnormal discharge from your penis
- Pain or swelling in your groin
- Sores, lumps, or itching in your groin or rectal area
Other Supplies
You can also purchase safer sex products such as condoms, squares, lubricant at the Health Center. You can also purchase emergency contraception for immediate or future use at the Health Center.
Discussion Groups/Workshops
Student Health Services strongly believes in empowering students to make informed choices about their own health and reproductive lives. Staff is available to facilitate/present workshops to student groups and classrooms, distribute information at campus events, collaborate with on-campus student groups, and direct individuals to available sexual health services throughout the local community.
How can I get an appointment?
For urgent problems, call 610-896-1089 for a same day appointment. For non-urgent visits (annual exams, contraceptive refills) we will often be able to accommodate you within a few days. If you cannot keep your appointment, please give us a call us at (610)896-1089 and let us know so that we can fit in another patient. You can call any time before the scheduled time. Of course, we prefer to know as soon as you do. If you do not call ahead to cancel a scheduled appointment there is a "no-show" charge.
How much does the visit cost?
Student Health Services can directly bill most health insurance providers for your reproductive health visit as well as other medical visits. If you choose not to use your health insurance, you can pay cash or check for your care, lab tests and/or your pharmacy supplies.
Can anyone find out about my visit?
Health Services places a high value on confidentiality. This means that information in your medical records or even the fact that you've visited Health Services cannot be released to anyone without your written permission (this includes parents, partners, friends, professors, advisors, etc.). There are a very few exceptions when information is required to be released without your written consent in the cases of emergencies or when required by law. Your medical provider can address any concerns you have during your visit.
Give us Feedback
Finally, patient comments are very important to us. If you have any feedback about our services, good or bad, please talk with us or submit online. We address all concerns and complaints, and the more specific you are, the better we will be able to fix the problem.


text:
The present invention is based on quad-fluoropolymer suitable for the preparation of a fluoroelastomer. The fluoropolymer comprises repeating units derived from 10 to 40 mol % of tetrafluoroethylene, 40 to 65 mol % of vinylidene fluoride, 1 to 30 mol % of a perfluorinated vinyl ether of the formula CF2═CFOCF2CF2CF2OCF3, 1 to 20 mol % of perfluoromethyl vinylether.
1. A fluoropolymer suitable for the preparation of a fluoroelastomer, said fluoropolymer comprising repeating units derived from:
(a) 10 to 40 mol % of tetrafluoroethylene;
(b) 40 to 65 mol % of vinylidene fluoride;
(c) 1 to 30 mol % of a perfluorinated vinyl ether of the formula CF2═CFOCF2CF2CF2OCF3; and
(d) 1 to 20 mol % of perfluoromethyl vinylether.
2. The fluoropolymer of
3. The fluoropolymer of
4. The fluoropolymer of
5. The fluoropolymer of
6. The fluoropolymer of
7. The fluoropolymer of
8. The fluoropolymer of
9. The fluoropolymer of
10. The fluoropolymer of
11. The fluoropolymer of
12. The fluoropolymer of
RfBrx and RfIx (Formula A) wherein Rf is a X-valent fluoroalkylradical C1-C12, optionally containing chlorine atoms, while X is 1 or 2, or
RBrnIm (Formula B) wherein R represents a fluoro hydrocarbon, chlorofluoro hydrocarbon or a hydrocarbon and each of n and m is 0.1 or 2, or combinations thereof.
13. A fluoroelastomer comprising repeating units derived from:
(a) 10 to 40 mol % of tetrafluoroethylene;
(b) 40 to 65 mol % of vinylidene fluoride;
(c) 1 to 30 mol % of a perfluorinated vinyl ether of the formula CF2═CFOCF2CF2CF2OCF3; and
(d) 1 to 20 mol % of perfluoromethyl vinylether.
14. A fluoroelastomer of
15. The fluoroelastomer of
16. The fluoroelastomer of
17. The fluoroelastomer of
18. The fluoroelastomer of
19. The fluoroelastomer of
20. The fluoroelestomer of
21. The fluoroelastomer of
22. The fluroelastomer of
23. The fluoroelastomer of
RfBrx and RfIx (Formula A) wherein Rf is a X-valent fluoroalkylradical C1-C12, optionally containing chlorine atoms, while X is 1 or 2, or
RBrnIm (Formula B) wherein R represents a fluoro hydrocarbon, chlorofluoro hydrocarbon or a hydrocarbon and each of n and m is 0.1 or 2, or combinations thereof.
24. A fluoroelastomer composition comprising repeating units derived from:
(a) 10 to 40 mol % of tetrafluoroethylene;
(b) 40 to 65 mol % of vinylidene fluoride;
(c) 1 to 30 mol % of a perfluorinated vinyl ether of the formula CF2═CFOCF2CF2CF2OCF3; and
(d) 1 to 20 mol % of perfluoromethyl vinylether, wherein components (c) and (d) combined comprise at least about 13 mol % and said fluoroelastomer has a Tg of about −25° C. or lower.
25. The fluoroelastomer of
26. A method of making a fluoropolymer as defined in
27. The method of
28. The method of
29. The method of
30. The method of
31. The method of
32. The method of
33. The method of
34. The method of
RfBrx and RfIx (Formula A) wherein Rf is a X-valent fluoroalkylradical C1-C12, optionally containing chlorine atoms, while X is 1 or 2, or
RBrnIm (Formula B) wherein R represents a fluoro hydrocarbon, chlorofluoro hydrocarbon or a hydrocarbon and each of n and m is 0.1 or 2, or combinations thereof.
35. A method for forming a fluoroelastomer comprising vulcanizing the fluoropolymer of
36. A method according to
This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/410,225, filed Sep. 12, 2002.
The present invention relates to a fluoropolymer, a process for producing the fluoropolymer, and its fluoroelastomer composition having distinguished low temperature characteristics and improved solvent resistance.
Fluoroelastomers with low glass transition temperatures are typically utilized as sealing material for low temperature applications. Most of the commercially available low temperature elastomers are copolymers or terpolymers based on VDF and/or TFE and perfluoromethyl vinylether (PMVE). PMVE is often selected as a comonomer due to its favorable copolymerization properties. Some conventional elastomers have glass transition temperatures (Tg's) of around −30° C., but the solvent resistance (e.g. MeOH swell) is often sacrificed in order to obtain desirably low Tg's.
To improve the solvent resistance, it is generally recognized within the art that a proportion of tetrafluoroethylene or perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether) to be copolymerized should be increased. Further perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ethers) itself are expensive monomers and a cost increase of the fluoropolymer and fluoroelastomer products is inevitable by use of an increased amount of perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ethers).
Various approaches have been made to lower the Tg of the fluoropolymers and fluoroelastomers while maintaining or improving other properties. Many of these approaches end up in unacceptable comonomer incorporation, extremely long polymerization run times (e.g. up to 17 hours), undesirable solvent resistance, and high comonomer costs.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,380,337 describes co- and quad-polymers comprising: 65 to 85 mol % VDF, 0.5 to 30 mol % perfluoromethoxypropyl vinyl ether (MV31), and optionally 0 to 10 mol % TFE and 0 to 25 mol % of a perfluorovinylether (preferably PMVE). The patent describes resulting elastomers with Tg's of about −42° C. However, the resulting elastomers do not possess a desirably low solvent resistance over extended testing durations.
The present invention is directed to fluoropolymers and fluoroelastomers with a desirable balance between Tg, sufficient solvent swell (<60%) and an economical polymerization process.
The present invention is based on quad-fluoropolymer suitable for the preparation of a fluroelastomer. The fluoropolymer comprises repeating units derived from:
The fluoropolymer is generally referred to a quad-polymer due to the four main components. However, other comonomers, e.g., curesite comonomers, fillers, co-agents and conventionally recognized auxiliaries may be included in the fluorpolymer composition. For purposes of the invention the following terms are used synonymously:
Tetrafluoroethylene may be referred to as TFE;
Vinylidene fluoride may be referred to a VDF;
Perfluorinated vinyl ether of the formula CF2═CFOCF2CF2CF2OCF3 may be referred to as MV31; and
Perfluoromethyl vinylether may be referred to as PMVE.
In a preferred aspect of the present invention the quad-polymer comprises more than 7 mol % of the MV31 (7 to 30 mol %), 10 to 40 mol % TFE, 40 to 65 mol % VDF and 1 to 15 mol % PMVE. Due to the high amounts of MV31, the liquid vinylether MV31 can only be efficiently incorporated into the polymers by using the so-called "pre-emulsification" technology. The vinylether is pre-emulsified into a water-based system containing non-telogenic fluoroemulsifiers (such as APFO=perfluorooctanoic acid ammonium salt).
In another preferred aspect of the invention the quad-polymer comprises less than 7 mol % MV31 (1 to 7 mol %), 10 to 40 mol % TFE, 40 to 65 mol % VDF and 10 to 20 mol % PMVE. The MV31-amounts can be introduced into a kettle/polymerization system as a hot aerosol and avoiding pre-emulsification of the MV31. These systems can be polymerized without any fluoroemulsifiers.
In yet another preferred aspect, the above-mentioned quad-system can be polymerized as unimodal or as bi/multimodal fluoropolymers in respect to molecular weights. Bimodal or multimodal molecular weights may be desired in order to improve processing performance of the fluoropolymer in subsequent processing applications.
In a further aspect the above-mentioned polymers can be polymerized as core-shell materials, were at least 50% of the total weights have the above-mentioned quad-composition. Polymerization utilizing conventional core-shell materials are generally employed to enhance the efficiency of the polymerization process in order completely exhaust certain monomers, such as those that are relatively expensive.
The fluoropolymer has desirable physical characteristics relating to Tg and solvent resistance. The Tg is about −25° C. or lower and preferably −27° C. and lower. The solvent resistance, according to (include standard test reference for 168 hrs, 23° C. and FUEL K (CM85) solvent), of about 60% or less and preferably 50% or less.
The resulting fluoropolymer may be vulcanized using conventional methods to form a fluoroelastomeric compound.
The fluoropolymer suitable for preparing the fluoroelastomer comprises repeating units of
10 to 40 mol % TFE, preferably 15 to 35 mol %
40 to 65 mol % VDF, preferably 50 to 63 mol %
and either
7 to 30 mol % MV31, preferably 8 to 25 mol %,
1 to 15 mol % PMVE, preferably 2 to 12 mol %, most preferably 2-7 or alternatively
1 to 7 mol % MV31, preferably 1 to 6 mol %, most preferably 1-4 mol %
10 to 20 mol % PMVE, preferably 11 to 18 mol %
The fluoropolymer may further comprise brominated, iodinated units or both to ensure peroxide curing. In a typical peroxide cure system, the fluoropolymer is provided with one or more cure sites that comprise a halogen capable of participating in a peroxide cure reaction and the composition for providing the fluoropolymer contains an organic peroxide. The halogen capable of participating in a peroxide cure reaction is typically bromine or iodine and may be distributed along the fluoropolymer chain, contained in the end groups of the fluoropolymer or both. Typically, the amount of bromine or iodine contained in the fluoropolymer is between 0.001 and 5%, preferably between 0.01 and 2.5% by weight with respect to the total weight of the fluoropolymer. Chlorine is also capable of participating in a peroxide cure reaction of the fluoropolymer if an organic compound having a M-H functional groups, where M=Si, Ge, Sn, Pb. This approach is described in PCT patent application WO02/44265, herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. Accordingly, the fluoropolymers of this invention, which contain chlorine atoms by virtue of units deriving e.g. from CTFE, can be used for curing in a peroxide cure reaction. Of course the fluoropolymer may additionally be modified with bromine, iodine or both.
In addition to introducing chlorine by incorporating CTFE units, halogen atoms which are capable of participation in the peroxide cure reaction along the chain can be introduced by the copolymerization of the basic monomers of the fluoropolymer with a suitable fluorinated cure-site monomer (see for example U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,745,165, 4,831,085 and 4,214,060, herein incorporated by reference in their entirety). Such comonomer can be selected, for instance from:
In replacement of, or in addition to, the cure site comonomer, the fluoropolymer can contain a cure site component in terminal position, deriving from a suitable chain transfer agent introduced in the reaction medium during the polymer preparation, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,501,869, herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. A terminal cure-site may also be derived from a suitable functional initiator. Examples of useful initiators include X(CF2)nSO2Na with n=1 to 10 (where X is Br or I) or an initiator composition comprising ammonium persulfate and potassium bromide. The chlorine of the CF2Cl end groups introduced when a chloride salt is present in the initiation of the free radical polymerization, can also participate in a peroxide cure reaction.
Examples of chain transfer agents include those having the formula RfBrx, RfIx, wherein Rf is a X-valent fluoroalkylradical C1-C12, optionally containing chlorine atoms, while X is 1 or 2. Additionally, chain transfer agents (CTA) of the general formula RBrnIm wherein R represents a fluoro hydrocarbon, chlorofluoro hydrocarbon or a hydrocarbon and each of n and m is 0.1 or 2 can be used. Such CTAs are exemplified e.g. in U.S. Pat. No. 4,000,356 or U.S. Pat. No. 6,380,337 herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
The polymerization can be performed in the presence of I−/Br− salts (as described in EP 407 937) in order to introduce terminal Br or I endgroups.
In the fluoropolymer of the present invention the balance between TFE, MV31 and PMVE is selected to achieve desired low glass transition temperature properties, solvent resistance and the overall economics of the fluoropolymer. For example, higher TFE-content increases solvent resistance but often low-temperature characteristics may suffer. Preferably the TFE-content is not lower than 10%, more preferably not lower than 15%, otherwise the solvent resistant swell may increase to an unacceptable level. The content of MV31 determines effectively the Tg but it is an expensive comonomer. Economic aspects therefore also determine the ratio of MV31. The total amount of MV31 and PMVE preferably sums to at least 13 mol %, otherwise the elastomer may become stiff or slightly crystalline, which makes the materials, especially the crosslinked materials, unattractive as fluoroelastomeric sealing materials. Most preferably the total content of MV31 and PMVE combines to provide at least 15 mol % to obtain a highly flexible elastomer.
The fluoropolymer suitable for curing to a fluoroelastomer is typically prepared by a free radical polymerization. The free radical polymerization is generally initiated through the use of free radical generating initiators. As initiators, one can use any of the known initiators commonly employed in the polymerization of fluorinated olefins such as tetrafluoroethylene. For example, peroxides can be used as free radical initiators. Specific examples of peroxide initiators include, hydrogen peroxide, tert-butylhydroperoxide, diacylperoxides such as diacetylperoxide, dipropionylperoxide, dibutylperoxide, dibenzoylperoxide, benzoylacetalperoxide, diglutaric acid peroxide and dilaurlyperoxide, and further water soluble per-acids and water soluble salts thereof such as e.g. ammonium, sodium or potassium salts. Examples of peracids include peracetic acid. Esters of the peracid can be used as well and examples thereof include tert-butylperoxyactete and tert-butylperoxypivalate.
Another class of initiators that can be used are water-soluble azo-compounds. Suitable redox systems for use as initiators include, for example, a combination of peroxodisulphate and hydrogen sulphite or disulphite, a combination of thiosulphate and peroxodisulphate, a combination of peroxodisulphate and hydrazine or azodicarboxamide (including salts thereof, preferably alkali or ammonium salts) tert-butylhydroperoxide and formaldehyde sodium sulfoxylate. Further initiators that can be used are ammonium-, alkali- or earth alkali salts of permanganic or manganic acid or manganic acids. The amount of initiator employed is typically between 0.03 and 2% by weight, preferably between 0.05 and 1% by weight based on the total weight of the polymerization mixture. The full amount of initiator may be added at the start of the polymerization or the initiator can be added to the polymerization in a continuous way during the polymerization until a conversion of monomer to fluoropolymer of 70 to 80% is achieved. One can also add part of the initiator at the start and the remainder in one or separate additional portions during the polymerization. Preferred initiator systems include peroxodisulphate, permanganate and tert-butylhydroperoxide. Metal ions such as Fe2+, Ag+ etc. may be used in redox-systems, too.
The free radical polymerization may be carried out in an organic solvent. The polymerization may also be an aqueous suspension polymerization or an aqueous emulsion polymerization. An aqueous emulsion polymerization is preferred in the present invention.
The aqueous emulsion polymerization in the presence of above-mentioned initiators may be carried out at temperatures from 10 to 100° C., preferably 20 to 80° C. at a pressure from 2 to 25 bar, typically 3 to 20 bar.
For polymerization where the MV31 content is higher than 7 mol %, the aqueous emulsion polymerization is performed in the presence of a fluorinated surfactant, preferably a non-telogenic emulsifier, most preferably APFO. The emulsifier will generally be used in amounts less than 2% by weight, for example from 0.01 to 2% by weight based on the weight of the aqueous phase. Examples of fluorinated emulsifiers include salts, in particular ammonium salts of linear or branched perfluoro alkyl containing carboxylic and sulphonic acids having 4 to 11 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain. Specific examples include perfluorooctanoic acid salt (APFO, described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,567,011), C8F17SO3Li which is commercially available from Bayer AG, C4F9SO3Li and C4F9SO3K (described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,732,398). A further example of a perfluoroalkyl containing carboxylic acid salt is C8F17SO2N(C2H5)CH2COOK (described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,809,990). Still further emulsifiers than can be used include perfluoropolyethercarboxylate emulsifiers such as disclosed in EP 219 065.
The inventors found further, that with such a high amount of MV31, the liquid vinylether is most preferably pre-emulsified in water/fluoroemulsifier (as described in WO 01/49752), and in contrast to U.S. Pat. No. 6,380,337, the incorporation rate of MV31 is low or the polymerization time will be significantly longer. The pre-emulsified MV31 can be pre-charged, fed continuously during the polymerization into the kettle or both. Alternatively, MV31 is pre-emulsified and put into the kettle prior to the polymerization start-up. The weight ratio of the MV31 to water is less than 1:3, preferably less than 1:4. The average particle size of the pre-emulsion is from 100 nm to 3000 nm. A benefit of this procedure is that the polymerization runtimes are shorter compared to the procedure wherein an MV31 pre-emulsion is fed continuously.
If the MV31 amounts are lower than 7 mol %, surprisingly, the polymerization can be performed without the addition of fluorinated emulsifiers. Such polymerizations are described in WO 96/24622, WO 97/17381 and EP 56681/2, herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. The MV31 is generally fed as a hot aerosol into the polymerization kettle. This means that hot MV31 is fed through a spraying nozzle into the TFE, VDF-gas stream. Alternatively, MV31 can be fed into the kettle as superheated gas stream.
The polymerization system may comprise other auxiliaries, such as buffers, complex-formers and further chain transfer agents; preferred non-halogenated CTA's, especially for the emulsifier-free polymerizations, are ethane, pentane, dialkylethers such as dimethylether; methyl-tert-butylether.
The molecular weight of the fluoropolymer is not particularly limited. It is generally preferred that the molecular weight is in the range of 10,000 to 1,000,000. Bi/multimodal polymers having low and high-molecular weight portions with more or less the same co-monomer composition are prepared by procedures described in EP 56681/2. Preferred CTAs are in these cases dialkylethers.
The present fluoropolymers can also be prepared as core-shell materials. That means that the polymer compositions are different during the course of polymerization with the limitation that at least 50% by weight, preferably 70% by weight have the above-mentioned quad-composition. For example, one can start the polymerization by a typical VDF/HFP fluoropolymer composition and then switch to the desired quad-composition or vice versa. This procedure is especially useful at the end of polymerization to ensure an almost 100% utilization of the expensive MV31 and PMVE.
The fluoropolymer is preferably cured by the peroxide vulcanization methods using an organic peroxide and optionally further coagents. Other curing methods may be applied, as is known to one skilled in the art.
Suitable organic peroxides are those that generate free radicals at curing temperatures. A dialkyl peroxide or a bis(dialkyl peroxide), which decomposes at a temperature above 50° C., is especially preferred. In many cases it is preferred to use di-tertiarybutyl peroxide which has a tertiary carbon atom attached to peroxy oxygen. Among the most useful peroxides of this type are 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(tertiarybutylperoxy)hexyne-3 and 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(tertiarybutylperoxy)hexane. Other peroxides can be selected from such compounds as dicumyl peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, tertiarybutyl perbenzoate, α,α′-bis(t-butylperoxy-diisopropylbenzene), and di[1,3-dimethyl-3-(t-butylperoxy)-butyl]carbonate. Generally, about 1-3 parts of peroxide per 100 parts of fluoropolymer is used.
Another component which is usually included in a cure composition based on an organic peroxide, is a coagent composed of a polyunsaturated compound, which is capable of cooperating with the peroxide to provide a useful cure. These coagents can be added in an amount equal to between about 0.1 to 10 parts per hundred parts fluoropolymer, preferably between 2 to 5 parts per hundred parts fluoropolymer. Examples of useful coagents include triallyl cyanurate; triallyl isocyanurate; triallyl trimellitate; tri(methylallyl) isocyanurate; tris(diallylamine)-s-triazine; triallyl phosphite; N,N-diallyl acrylamide; hexaallyl phosphoramide; N,N,N′,N′-tetraalkyl tetraphthalamide; N,N,N′,N′-tetraallyl malonamide; trivinyl isocyanurate; 2,4,6-trivinyl methyltrisiloxane; N,N′-m-phenylenebismaleimide; diallyl-phthalate and tri(5-norbornene-2-methylene)cyanurate. Particularly useful is triallyl isocyanurate. Other useful coagents include the bis-olefins disclosed in EP A0661304 A1, EPA0784064 A1 and EPA 0769521 A1.
As mentioned above, the fluoropolymer has improved bonding properties to other substrates, particularly in the presence of an organic compound having hydride functions MH. Additionally, by including this compound the fluoropolymer composition, a peroxide curable fluoropolymer composition can be obtained. Examples of the organic compound include siloxanes or silazenes that comprise one or more MH functions. Typically, when the organic compound is a siloxane or a silazene, the MH functions will be —SiH functions. Preferably, the SiH function will be an —OSiH whereby the hydrogen is attached to a silicon atom that is further bonded to an oxygen or nitrogen atom. The siloxane or silazene may be a simple low molecular weight organic compound or may be a polymeric compound including for example a polysiloxane which may be linear, branched or cyclic. Specific examples include HSi(OCH2CH3)3, (CH3)2(CH3CH2O)SiH, 1,1,3,3 tetraisopropyl disiloxane, diphenyl-1,1,3,3-tetrakis(dimethylsiloxy)disiloxane available from United Chem, silylhydride terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane), poly(methyl hydro siloxane) and copolymers of dimethylsiloxane and methylhydroxiloxane, 1,3,5-trimethyl cyclosiloxane and 1-phenyl-3,3,5,5-tetramethyl cyclosiloxane. Polysiloxanes and siloxanes having SiH groups are known in the art an can be produced according to well-known procedures such as disclosed in for example: Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, Second Edition, V15, Silicones, pgs. 204-308, John Wiley & Sons, 1989. Siloxanes having SiH groups are also generally commercially available. Preferably, the siloxane or polysiloxane will have a molecular weight between 150 g/mol and 10,000 g/mol.
The organic compound may also be a compound that corresponds to the formula:
The curable fluoroelastomer composition may contain further additives, such as carbon black, stabilizers, plasticizers, lubricants, fillers, and processing aids typically utilized in fluoropolymer compounding, provided they have adequate stability for the intended service conditions.
The cure composition may further include an acid acceptor. Acid acceptors can be inorganic or blends of inorganic and organic acceptors. Examples of inorganic acceptors include magnesium oxide, lead oxide, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, dibasic lead phosphite, zinc oxide, barium carbonate, strontium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, etc. Organic acceptors include epoxies, sodium stearate, and magnesium oxalate. The preferred acid acceptors are magnesium oxide and calcium hydroxide. The acid acceptors can be used singly or in combination, and preferably are used in amounts ranging from about 2 to 25 parts per 100 parts by weight of the fluoropolymer.
The curable fluoroelastomer compositions may be prepared by mixing the fluoropolymer, the cure composition and optionally the organic compound having hydride function(s) and other additives in conventional rubber processing equipment. Such equipment includes rubber mills, internal mixers, such as Banbury mixers, and mixing extruders.
The fluoropolymer may have desirable physical characteristics relating to Tg and solvent resistance. The Tg is about −25° C. or lower and preferably −27° C. and lower. The solvent resistance, as measured for 168 hrs, 23° C. and FUEL K (CM85) solvent, is about 60% or less and preferably 50% or less.
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following examples, without however the intention to limit the invention thereto. All parts are by weight unless indicated otherwise.
The melt flow index (MFI) was carried out according to DIN 53735, ISO 12086 or ASTM D 1238-01. Unless otherwise noted, a support weight of 5.0 kg and a temperature of 265° C. was applied. The MFI's cited here were obtained with a standardized extrusion die of 2.1 mm diameter and a length of 8.0 mm.
Mooney viscosities were determined in accordance with ASTM D 1646-00. Unless otherwise noted, the Mooney viscosity was determined by using a 1 minute pre-heat and a 10 minute test at 121° C. (ML 1+10@121° C.).
Cure Rheology tests were run on uncured, compounded admixtures using an Alpha Technology Moving Die Rheometer (MDR) Model 2000 in accordance with ASTM D 5289-95 at 177° C., no preheat, 12 minutes elapsed time (unless otherwise specified) and a 0.5° arc. Minimum torque (ML), Maximum torque (MH), i.e., highest torque attained during specified period of time when no plateau or maximum was obtained and difference in Torque, ΔT, i.e., (MH−ML), were reported. Also reported were: ts2 (time for torque to increase 2 units above ML), t′50 (time for torque to reach ML+0.5[MH−ML], and t′90 (time for torque to reach ML+0.9[MH−ML]).
Post cure samples were prepared by placing a press-cured sample in a circulating air oven. The oven was maintained at 232° C. and the samples treated for 16 hours.
Tensile Strength at Break, Elongation at Break, and Modulus at 100% Elongation were determined using ASTM D 412-98 on samples cut from 2.0 mm sheet with ASTM Die D. Units are reported in Mega Pascals (MPa).
Retraction at Lower Temperatures (TR-10) was determined using ASTM D 1329-88 (re-approved 1998) with ethanol as the cooling media. Units are reported in ° C.
Compression set determined by ASTM D 395-01 Method B with 0.139 inch (3.5 mm) O-rings compressed for 70 hours at 200° C. Results are reported as %.
Glass Transition Temperature was determined by ASTM E 1356-98 (re-approved 1995).
Unless otherwise noted, 150×75×2 mm press cured sheets were prepared for physical property testing by pressing at 5 to 7 MPa at 180° C. for 7 minutes. From these press cured sheets, the Tensile Strength at Break and the Elongation at Break were measured according to ASTM D 412-98. Hardness was determined according to ASTM D2240-02 Method A. Shore A durometer was used.
Melting peaks of the fluoropolymer were determined according to ASTM 4591 by means of Perkin-Elmer DSC 7.0 under nitrogen flow and a heating rate of 20° C./min.
The latex particle size determination was conducted by means of dynamic light scattering with a Malvern Zetazizer 1000 HSA in accordance to ISO/DIS 13321. Prior to the measurements, the polymer latexes as yielded from the polymerisations were diluted with 0.001 mol/L KCl-solution, the measurement temperature was 20° C. in all cases.
Solvent resistance or volume swell was determined with according to ASTM D 471-98 after immersing in CM85 (Fuel K fuel; 85% methanol, 7.5% iso-octane; 7.5% toluene by volume) and methanol at 23±2° C. for 70 hours or 168 hours. Fuel permeation constant was determined by the following method. A post cured sheet (press cure: 10 minutes at 177° C., post cure: 16 hours at 230° C.) was cut into a disc having a diameter of 7.72 cm and used for permeation testing. Permeation constants were obtained using the procedure described in ASTM D 814-95 (Reapproved 2000) with the following changes or specifics: The glass jar of ASTM D 814 was replaced with a Thwing-Albert Vapometer Permeability Cup as described in ASTM E 96-00; the gaskets used were made of Dyneon FE-5840Q elastomer (Shore A hardness of about 60) instead of neoprene rubber and were located on both the top and bottom of the test specimen; a circular disk of mesh screen was used on top of the gasket to prevent the test specimen from deforming during the test; the test liquid was 100 mL of CE 10 fuel (10% ethanol, 45% iso-octane; 45% toluene); and the test temperature was 40° C. The permeation constant (g-mm/m2-day) was calculated by measuring the weight loss for a 30-day period using Mettler AT 400 at an accuracy of 0.1 mg. A slope of the line obtained by the least squares fit of weight loss (grams) versus time (days) was divided by the area of the test specimen and multiplied by its thickness.
Solution viscosity of diluted polymer solutions was determined on a 0.2% polymer solution in methylethylketone (MEK) at 35° C. in accordance to DIN 53726. A Cannon-Fenske, Routine-Viskosimeter (Fa. Schott, Mainz, Germany) fulfilling ISO/D/S 3105 and ASTM D2515 was used for measurements.
In the following examples, the compound compositions are based on 100 parts of rubber. The curatives and other additives are listed as parts per hundred parts of the rubber (phr). Where the amount of rubber was limited and a smaller batch size was made, the quantity of rubber used is noted, but the formulation is listed as if 100 parts were used to make comparisons easier. Percentages are weight % unless otherwise indicated.
A polymerization kettle with a total volume of 47.5 L equipped with an impeller agitator system was charged with 29.0 L deionised water and was heated up to 70° C. The agitation system was set to 240 rpm and the oxygen free kettle was further charged with 11 g dimethylether, with 40 g MV31 monomer, with 428 g perfluormethylvinylether (PMVE) to 3.7 bar absolute, with 256 g vinylidenedifluoride (VDF) to 8.9 bar absolute and with 161 g tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) to 11.0 bar absolute reaction pressure. The polymerization was initiated by 130 g 30% APS solution (ammonium peroxodisulfate). As the reaction started, the reaction pressure of 11.0 bar absolute was maintained by the feeding TFE, PMVE and VDF into the gas phase with a feeding ratio PMVE (kg)/TFE (kg) of 1.07 and VDF (kg)/TFE (kg) of 1.68. The reaction temperature of 70° C. was also maintained. Additionally, a mixture consisting of 1985 g MV31 and 209 g bromotetrafluorobutene (BTFB) was fed as hot aerosol until 3040 g TFE feed was reached. When the feed of the MV31/BTFB mixture was completed, the agitation speed was reduced to 145 rpm. When 3380 g TFE feed was completed after 335 min the monomer valves were closed and the kettle head space monomer composition was reacted down to 5.5 bar within 10 min. The obtained polymer dispersion had a solid content of 34.9%, the latex particle diameter was 400 nm according to dynamic light scattering.
1000 ml of this polymer dispersion was coagulated by adding it drop-wise to an aqueous MgCl2 solution with agitation, after which it was de-watered and washed three times with deionized water (60-70° C.). The polymer was dried overnight at 130° C. in an air circulating oven. The polymer shows no discernible melting transition and a glass transition temperature of −30.6° C. (midpoint value). The polymer had a MFI(265/5) of 17.3′ and a solution viscosity of 63 ml/g. The polymer composition is: TFE 21 mol %, VDF 59 mol %, PMVE 15 mol %, MV31 4.3 mol % and BTFE 0.7 mol %.
The polymer and ingredients used in each composition were compounded on a two roll mill using standard methods. Triallylisocyanurate (TAIC) coagent (50% DLC, available as Perkalink™, 301-50 from Akzo Nobel Chemicals of Arnhern, The Netherlands), 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(t-butylperoxy)-hexane (45% DLC, available as Trigonox™ 101-45B from Akzo Nobel Chemicals of Arnhern, the Netherlands), zinc oxide (available as Zinc Oxide Aktiv from Bayer AG., Leverkusen, Germany), and MT N-990 (carbon black, available from J.P. Huber Corp. of Borgen, Tex.) were combined with the other ingredients. The compositions of the compounded gums are summarized in Table 1.
The cure rheology of the samples was investigated by testing uncured, compounded mixtures using the Alpha Technology Moving Disk Rheometer (MDR) Model and the procedure described in ASTM D 5289-95. The compound exhibited good curing properties. The other properties such as tensile strength, elongation, and compression set are summarized in Table 1. Also the solvent resistance or volume swell in CM85 at 23° C. for 168 hours are summarized in Table 1.
Prior to the polymerization, 4550 g MV31 monomer was emulsified in 5350 ml deionised water together with 23 g perfluorooctanoate ammonium salt (APFO). For the emulsification, an Ultraturrax agitator was used first for 1 min at 24,000 rpm speed, which was followed by one pass in an Microfluidizer high shear homogenisator. This preemulsion had a turbid appearance and was stable for at least 12 h.
The same polymerization kettle as used for example 1 was again charged with 29.0 L deionised water and was heated up to 70° C. The agitation system was set to 240 rpm the oxygen free kettle was further charged with 5 g dimethylether, with 60 g MV31 monomer, with 680 g perfluormethylvinylether (PMVE) to 5.1 bar absolute, with 450 g vinylidenedifluoride (VDF) to 12.5 bar absolute and with 310 g tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) to 15.5 bar absolute reaction pressure. Prior to polymerization initiation, 2510 g PMVE was mixed with 210 g BTFB in a stainless steel cylinder. The polymerization was then initiated by 120 g 30% APS solution (ammonium peroxodisulfate). As the reaction started, the reaction pressure of 15.5 bar absolute was maintained by the feeding TFE, VDF as well as the mixture of PMVE and BTFE into the gas phase with a feeding ratio TFE (kg)/VDF (kg) of 0.53 and PMVE & BTFB (kg)/VDF (kg) of 0.52. The reaction temperature of 70° C. was also maintained. The preemulsified MV31 was charged into the kettle with a feeding ratio MV31 preemulsion (kg)/VDF (kg) of 0.66 until 4950 g VDF feed was reached (95% of target monomer feed). 5208 g VDF feed was completed after 145 min the monomer valves were closed. The so obtained polymer dispersion had a solid content of 34.7%, the latex particle diameter was 237 nm according to dynamic light scattering.
This polymer dispersion was worked up in the same way as the former example. The polymer shows no discernible melting transition and a glass transition at −32.0° C. (midpoint). The polymer had a MFI(265/5) of 2.4′ and a solution viscosity of 81 ml/g. the composition: TFE 20 mol % VDF 59 mol % PMVE 11 mol % MV31 9.4 mol % BTFB 0.6 mol %. The polymer was compounded with ingredients as in Table 1 and the compound was tested as in Example 1.
For examples 3 and 4, the fluoropolymer having the composition TFE 27 mol %, VDF 56 mol %, PMVE 15 mol %, MV31 1.5 mol %, BTFB 0.5 mol % was prepared according to the process described in Ex 1. The polymer had a Tg=−26° C.; and an MFI (265/5) of 11.4. The fluoropolymer in Ex 4 with the composition TFE 19 mol %, VDF 62 mol %, PMVE 10 mol %, MV31 8.3 mol %, BTFB 0.7 mol % was prepared according the procedure described in Ex 2. The polymer had a Tg=−33° C., Mooney viscosity ML 1+10/121° C. of 34, MFI (265/5 kg) of 26. The polymers were compounded with ingredients as in Table 1 and the compounds were tested as in Example 1.
A 4 L kettle was charged 1600 g H2O, 9 g ammonium oxalate, 1.6 g oxalic acid (C2H2O4.2 H2O); a preemulsion prepared from 500 g MV31 and 800 g H2O and 30 g of a 30% ammoniumperfluoroctanoate-solution (FX 1006, 3M Company, St. Paul, Minn.) with an Ultraturrax (24000 rpm). The kettle was further charged with 90 g TFE, 110 VDF, 20 g PMVE and 3.0 g bromotrifluoroethylene ("BTFE"). At 40° C., 12 bar pressure the polymerization was initiated by adding 20 ml of a 0.05% KMnO4-solution. KMnO4-solution was continuously fed over 2 hours (total consumption 0.041 g KMnO4) and additionally 200 g TFE, 260 g VDF, 50 g PMVE and 5 g BTFE were added. The resulting latex had an solid content of 28%, the polymer had an composition of 28 mol % TFE, 54 mol % VDF, 3.6 mol % PMVE, 14 mol % MV31 and 0.4 mol % BTFE, Mooney viscosity ML 1+10/121° C.=130, MF/21.6 kg/265° C.=0.1 Tg=−38° C. The polymer was compounded with ingredients as in Table 1 the compound was tested as in Example 1.
A fluoropolymer with the composition TFE 6.5 mol %, VDF 75 mol %, PMVE 18 mol % and 0.5 mol % BTFB was prepared in a similar way as described in Ex. 1. The polymer was compounded with ingredients as in Table 1 and the compound was tested as in Example 1.
Ex 5 was repeated but without feeding any PMVE; the polymer had an composition of 32 mol % TFE, 53 mol % VDF, 14.6 mol % MV31 and 0.4 mol % BTFE, and an Tg of −37° C.; additionally in the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis some slight crystalline peaks were observed from 50° C.-80° C., which made the polymer almost unusable for sealing application.
A 4 L kettle charged with 800 g H2O, a preemulsion of 600 g MV31 in 1800 g H2O and 30 g FX 1006, 50 g TFE, 95 g VDF, 10 g PMVE and 1.5 g BTFE was heated up to 40° C. The polymerization was initiated by adding 20 ml of 0.05% KMnO4 solution. During 60 min. at 40° C., 12 bar pressure 80 g TFE, 160 g VDF, 20 g PMVE and 2.5 g BTFE was added; total KMnO4 consumption: 0.043 g. The resulting latex had a solid content of 20%, particle size of 170 mm. The polymer composition was: 18 mol % TFE, 55% mol % VDF, 24 mol % MV31, 2.5 mol % PMVE and 0.3 mol % BTFE; the Mooney viscosity was 110, MFI 216 g/265° C.=10; Tg−42° C. The polymer was compounded with ingredients as in Table 1 and the compound was tested as in Example 1.
A 4 L kettle was charged with 1400 g H2O, a preemulsion of 170 g MV31 in 400 g H2O and 15 g FX 1006, 40 g TFE, 80 g VDF, 6 g PMVE and 1.5 g BTFE. The polymerization was initiated with 20 ml of a 0.05% KMnO4-solution. At 40° C. and 12 bar pressure 95 g TFE, 175 g VDF, 25 g PMVE, a preemulsion of 430 g MV31 in 800 g H2O and 15 g FX 1006, and 3 g BTFE were continuously added. After 140 min. the polymerization was stopped. The resulting latex had a solid content of 20%, particle size 200 mm. The polymer had essentially the same composition as Ex 6, Mooney viscosity 110, MFI 21.6 kg/265° C.=7 g/10 min; Tg=−42° C.
In Example 8, the fluoropolymer having the composition TFE 20 mol %, VDF 59 mol %, PMVE 11 mol %, MV31 9.3 mol % and BTFB 0.7 mol %, was prepared according to the process described in Ex 2. The polymer had an Tg=−32° C.; Mooney viscosity ML 1+10/121° C. of 70 and an MFI(265/5) of 2.6. The fluoropolymer and ingredients used in each composition were compounded on a two roll mill using standard methods. Triallylisocyanurate (TAIC) coagent (72% DLC, available as TAIC DLC-A from Harwick Company, Akron, Ohio), 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(t-butylperoxy)-hexane (available as Varox DBPH-50 from R. T. Vanderbilt, Norwalk, Conn.), zinc oxide (available as UPS-1 from Zinc Corporation of America, Monaca, Pa.), and carbon black (available as Thermax MT, ASTM N990 from Cancarb Limited, Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada) were combined with the other ingredients. The compositions of the compounded gums are summarized in Table 2.
The cure rheology of the samples was investigated by testing uncured, compounded mixtures using the Alpha Technology Moving Disk Rheometer (MDR) Model and the procedure described in ASTM D 5289-95. The compound exhibited good curing properties. The other properties such as tensile strength, elongation, and compression set are summarized in Table 2. Also the solvent resistance or volume swell in CM85 and methanol at 23° C. for 70 and 168 hours and CE10 (10% ethanol, 45% iso-octane; 45% toluene) permeation constant at 40° C. are summarized in Table 2.
In Comparative Example 3, a peroxide curable fluoropolymer (available as Viton® GLT301 from DuPont Dow Elastomers LLC, Wilmington, Del.), which is a terpolymer, was used. The polymer has a composition of TFE 5 mol %, VDF 77 mol %, and PMVE 18 mol % by NMR analysis, and an Tg of −30.4° C. Mooney viscosity ML 1+10/121° C. was 32. The fluoropolymer compound was prepared and tested as in Example 8. The compositions of the compounded gums and properties are summarized in Table 2.
Citations de brevets
Citations hors brevets
Référencé par
Événements juridiques
Image d'origine
Faire pivoter


text:
NEW YORK and HAIKOU, China, May 16 /Xinhua-PRNewswire-FirstCall/ -- China Pharma Holdings, Inc. ("China Pharma") (OTC Bulletin Board: CPHI) which develops, manufactures, and markets generic and brand bio-pharmaceutical products in China, announced today that it donated 2 million RMB (approximately US$285,714) worth of its products including antibiotics, anti- virus and anti-cold medicines to help disaster relief in China after a strong earthquake hit the southwestern province of Sichuan.
On May 12, a 7.9-magnitude quake struck in Wen Chuan Sichuan province China and toppled schools, apartment buildings and factories. Thousands of people were killed or trapped in mounds of concrete, steel and earth in the country's worst quake in three decades. China Pharma quickly reacted to the tragedy and made a donation of medicines to the earthquake-hit areas starving for help. Meanwhile, every employee of China Pharma is actively making donations for the survivors of this devastating earthquake in Sichuan.
"I am extremely shocked and saddened by the extent of the destruction caused by this earthquake in Sichuan Province. Our company and our employees feel a profound sympathy for the people suffering from this terrible tragedy at this time, and we are offering our support to these people and their families and sincerely hope that they could rebuild their homes in the near future," Ms. Zhilin Li, President and CEO of China Pharma Holdings, Inc. said.
About China Pharma Holdings, Inc.
China Pharma Holdings, Inc. develops, manufactures, and markets generic
and brand bio-pharmaceutical products in China that treat a wide range of
conditions, including infections, hepatitis, cardiovascular and CNS
diseases, and other prevailing diseases. Helpson Bio-pharmaceutical Co.,
Ltd (Helpson), a specialty pharmaceutical company headquartered in Haikou
City, Hainan province in China, is a wholly owned subsidiary of China
Pharma Holdings. For more information a
|SOURCE China Pharma Holdings, Inc.
Copyright©2008 PR Newswire.
All rights reserved


text:
- Published: New York : Doubleday, c2013.
- Year Published: 2013
- Edition: 1st American ed.
- Description: 321 p. ; 25 cm.
- Language: English
- Format: Book
ISBN/Standard Number
- 9780385536639
- 0385536631
- Miyamoto, Musashi, -- 1584-1645 -- Fiction.
- Japan -- Fiction. -- History -- Azuchi-Momoyama period, 1568-1603
- Japan -- Fiction. -- History -- Tokugawa period, 1600-1868
- Historical fiction.
Recently Listed On
Login to add tags
Share This
Child of vengeance
by Kirk, David, 1985-
There are currently 3 available
Where To Find It
Call number: Fiction
Available Copies: Downtown 2nd Floor, Pittsfield Adult, Traverwood Adult
Additional Details
Japan in the late sixteenth century was a land in turmoil. Lords of the great clans constantly jockeyed for position, generating countless tales of scheming and intrigue. Bound by a rigid code of honor, the aristocratic samurai were left to execute their lords' designs whatever the cost. Death defined these warriors' very existence; they could be commanded to die by their lord at any time to prove loyalty and stregth of spirit. A dishonorable end would bring shame upon an entire family--for generations to come. - from cover p.[2]
Reviews & Summaries
Community Reviews
No reviews have been written yet. You could be the first!
Login to write a review of your own.


text:
Welcome back to Summer Glau Web! My name is Angie & I've been a long time fan of Summer, ever since Firefly, so when I saw this site was up for adoption, well, I couldn't resist! I also run Amy Acker Fan and Marc Blucas Source. :) Please bare with me as I collect updates for the gallery & add a fresh new look to the site with updated content!
4 Comments
This entry was posted on Thursday, November 29th, 2012 at 3:29 pm and is filed under Site News. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. Both comments and pings are currently closed.


text:
- Home
- News
- Sports
- Classifieds
- Obituaries
- Promotions
- Shop-Right
- Games
The St. Marys Area Lady Dutch tennis team handed the Punxsutawney Lady Chucks a 5-4 loss Thursday afternoon at the SMAHS tennis courts.
At first singles, SMA's Amy Orr defeated Amber Ward 6-1, 6-0.
Aubrey Wiesner of SMA defeated Lauren Wolfe 6-1, 6-1 at second singles.
At third singles, Kylie Krise of Punxsy defeated Danielle McCoy 6-0, 6-0.
At fourth singles, Jaelene Burkett of Punxsy defeated Megan McCoy 6-0, 6-0.
At fifth singles, Punxsy's Laura Chelgren defeated Madison Squires, who was playing in her first singles match, 6-1, 7-6 (7-3).
"I was very pleased with how Madison played her second set battling all the way, trying to send it to a third-set tiebreaker," said St. Marys coach Sue Lepovetsky.
At first doubles, SMA's Aubrey Wiesner and Amy Orr defeated Amber Ward and Lauren Wolfe 8-6.
At second doubles, Kylie Krise and Jaelene Burkett of Punxsy defeated Kelsea Kerner and Christian Harlan 8-1.
Punxsutawney had to forfeit third and fourth doubles due to the lack of players.
"It was nice to pick up a win today. The girls did well," said Lepovetsky.
St. Marys, now 3-4 on the season, will host Bradford Monday afternoon at 3:30 p.m. in a make-up match.


text:
Announcing the 2015 Rally Fighter
- Head Turning Rally Fighter design by Sangho Kim, limited to 2,000 cars
- Tubular steel space frame hand built by Local Motors
- 6.2 Liter, V8 Engine, 430 Horsepower, 424 lbft Torque
- Automatic Transmission
- Front Suspension: 18" travel, independent double A-arm
- Rear Suspension: 20" travel, 4-Link solid axle
- Solid vinyl wrap
And the Local Motors Build Experience
- 6 days in the Factory constructing your car with a friend and an expert Builder Trainer
- (Two three day Sessions) (Start on a Monday,Tuesday,Wednesday Return the following Thursday, Friday, Saturday)
- Local Motors Trainers are with you for every step of the build process, no prior experience required
- Build space and all tools
- Catered Lunch, snacks, drinks
- Training on how to drive your Rally Fighter
Plus, this All-Inclusive Hospitality Package is complimentary
- 6 nights stay at a nearby hotel (Fairfield Inn & Suites / Chandler Fashion Center)
- Airport pick-up and drop-off
- Daily shuttle services to & from the micro-factory
Use the form below to reserve a 2015 Rally Fighter today With $5,000 down you can reserve a 2015 Build Date.
Micro Factory Retail Price : $99,900*.
*Price for United States purchases only, International pricing available by contacting firstname.lastname@example.com
To receive more information, please fill out the contact form. If you can't wait and want to reserve your spot right away, contact the Sales Team at 1.888.256.2028
IF you have any questions regarding the Local Motors Rally Fighter don't hesitate to contact us!
1576B S. Nelson Dr
Chandler AZ, 85226
1576B S. Nelson Dr
Chandler AZ, 85226
Phone: 480.371.6797
E-Mail: email@example.com
E-Mail: email@example.com


text:
Latino Life
Elaine Ayala comments on Latino news, cultura y más.
Posts filtered on Tag
MALDEF wins release of 1970 Rubén Salazar death records
Los Angeles County will have to open autopsy records as well as records of any police investigation of the iconic journalists before or after his death during the moratorium riots. [Read More]
Perry to present Roy Cisneros medal of honor Thursday
The state honor will be handed to Elvira Rocha-Cisneros at the elementary school named for her son. [Read More]
Marking the 40th anniversary of the Latino anti-war moratorium
Latino anti-war moratorium demonstrations were 40 years ago this week. [Read More]


text:
Italian spaghetti recipe
Recipes / Italian spaghetti recipe (1000+)
Hearty Italian Spaghetti Dinner
331 views
Hearty Italian Spaghetti Dinner, ingredients: 12 ounce lean boneless pork loin trimmed of
Homemade Italian Spaghetti Sauce
16700 views
Homemade Italian Spaghetti Sauce, ingredients: Extra virgin olive oil or possibly sesame
Easy Italian Spaghetti Sauce
1736 views
Easy Italian Spaghetti Sauce, ingredients: 3 to 4 pork chops, 2 lbs. grnd
Bev's Italian Chicken Crock Pot Style
1575 views
2 lbs), 1 pkt French's dry Italian spaghetti sauce mix, 1 sm can diced tomatoes
Italian Spaghetti Squash Parmesan
479 views
Italian Spaghetti Squash Parmesan, ingredients: 1 x 2 lb spaghetti squash, (2 to 3), 1/3
Italian Spaghetti With Meat Sauce
385 views
Italian Spaghetti With Meat Sauce, ingredients: 1 1/2 Tbsp. Butter, 1
Light Italian Spaghetti Primavera
172 views
Light Italian Spaghetti Primavera, ingredients: 1/2 lb Creamette thin spaghetti, uncooked
Sweet Italian Spaghetti Sauce
629 views
Sweet Italian Spaghetti Sauce, ingredients: 2 lb Sweet italian sausage, 1 med Onion
Easy Italian Spaghetti Sauce
688 views
Easy Italian Spaghetti Sauce, ingredients: 1 (14 ounce.) can tomato juice, 1 (6
76 views
Italian Spaghetti sauce to hamburger and stir to mix. Cook the spaghetti recipe in half
Groups / Italian spaghetti recipe (0)
tutti i dolci
26 members
Italian recipes join me in searching out people that can bring new and exciting Italian
everyday Italian home food
45 members
food for their daily meals. Please post easy and quick Italian recipes, cuisine: Italian
Authentic Italian Cooking
853 members
Italian recipes and techniques. No imitations or adulterations! Includes original Italian
Passionate about Pizza
96 members
toppings: traditional Italian or exotic, simple or gourmet. Let's share recipes! , cook
Enjoying Multi cuisines
30 members
American, Italian, Mexican to name a few!!! I want to share my recipes with the
Themes / Italian spaghetti recipe (0)
What's Cookin' Italian Cusine
and new Italian foods with an old fashioned taste. Mom, and Grandma's recipes that go
July 4th Recipes - All American Food!
Food!, Spice up this 4th of July with recipes sure to keep family and friends coming back
Bastille Day Recipes and Ideas!
food and festivities. These French inspired recipes are sure to be a hit anytime
Simple No-Bake Recipes for Summer
it's just too hot to cook. Includes kid-friendly recipes and ways to stay cool while the
College Football Tailgating Recipes
or a tailgate outside the stadium, these recipes are the perfect way to kick off the
Trusted Results with Italian spaghetti recipe
Cooks.com - Recipes - Italian Spaghetti Sauce
Home > Recipes > italian spaghetti sauce. Northern Italian Hc. by Biba Caggiano ... authentic recipes and menu suggestions highlighted by full-color ...
Italian Recipes: Pasta, Lasagna, Spaghetti and More
Discover tasty and easy to prepare Italian dishes and Italian recipes from the experts in Food Network's kitchen.
Spaghetti Italian - All Recipes
Italian Spaghetti with Ham. Camp David Spaghetti with Italian Sausage ... Original Recipe Yield 4 to 6 servings. Ingredients. 1/2 pound Italian sausage. 4 (6.5 ounce) ...
Italian Spaghetti Sauce with Meatballs - All Recipes
Easy but tasty tomato sauce with big meatballs cooks in just about two hours. ... Italian Spaghetti Sauce with Meatballs. By: Jeremy "This is a recipe I got from my mother ...
Italian Spaghetti Recipe | Group Recipes
Our most trusted Italian Spaghetti recipes. Reviewed by millions of home cooks.
Cooks.com - Recipes - Italian Spaghetti Meat Sauce
Results 1 - 10 of 136 for italian spaghetti meat sauce. ... ITALIAN SPAGHETTI WITH MEAT SAUCE. Cook and stir meat, onion and pepper ... in remaining ...
Cooks.com - Recipe - Italian Spaghetti
Enter your email to signup for the Cooks.com Recipe Newsletter. Home > Recipes > International > Italian Spaghetti. ITALIAN SPAGHETTI. 1/2 c. olive oil ...


text:
Stamp warm messages and beautiful color into your crafts with Lord's Prayer 02 Rubber Stamp. With an inspirational phrase etched in pink rubber, this stamp will be a perfect addition to your vast stamp collection. Grab your favorite stamp pad, press the design into the color, and lightly press the colorful design on your desired surface!
Wood Block:
Stamp Design:
Full Text: Our Father who art in heaven, hallowed be Thy name; Thy kingdom come; Thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread; and forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive those who trespass against us; and lead us not into temptation, but delivery us from evil; for Thine is the kingdom, and the power and the glory, forever. Amen. (Repeated 3 times.)
5 out of 5 found this review helpful.
Recommend: Yes
I like this stamp eventhough the prayer is repeated. Then it occurred to me the trinity meaning behind it, and it allows me to stamp over the repeated parts with collage of other words or images while leaving an entire portion left for reading. Very nice indeed. I will use it for cards, scrapbooking, collage, picture frames, jewlery, Journals, outreach brochure, etc. It can be very versatile just add imagination.
Was this review helpful? Yes No
Report inappropriate review
We have a 3-5 day in-house process. There will be an additional 1-7 days for delivery.
**During peak Holiday Seasons (Mother's Day & Christmas) it can take an additional 1-2 business days to get your order shipped.
We do not accept International orders online.
To place an order with an International billing or shipping address:
You will need to order by calling 405-745-1275. Customer Service is available Monday - Friday 8:00-5:00 CST.
Your order will need to ship to a US Destination, such as a freight forwarder. By doing so your order will be eligible for our US shipping rates which often include free shipping.
If you would like for us to ship your order directly to you, you will be charged the actual postage amount. That amount is calculated once your order is picked, packed and ready to ship. International shipping address are excluded from all shipping discounts. All orders shipped to an International location are charged the actual cost of shipping.
Please note that this policy does not include Military Addresses, Guam, Puerto Rico & the US Virgin Islands. We will accept and ship orders to these destinations.
Expedited shipping is unavailable at this time.
Shop Hobby Lobby
Attention Customer Service
7600 A SW 44th St
Oklahoma City, OK 73179
If you wish to exchange an item(s) you ordered for a new one:


text:
Nittany Lions Rush Past UMass, 48-7
Penn State is 4-0 for the first time since 2008
Nittany Lions Beat UCF 26-24 on Ficken's Last-Second Field Goal in Dublin
Penn State Wins on Final Play in James Franklin's First Game as Head Coach
Interview with football coaches
An interview with coach Franklin, coach Donovan, coach Shoop and coach Huff.
Nittany Lions Open Training Camp Monday for 128th Campaign
Franklin to Welcome 105 Nittany Lions in Return to On-Field Preparations for Aug. 30 Opener vs. UCF in Dublin
Howle and Urschel Selected to National Football Foundation's Hampshire Honor Society
Penn State vs. Michigan State (Athletics)
Penn State vs. Michigan State - 11/29/14
Penn State vs. Michigan State (USATSI)
Penn State vs. Michigan State (USATSI)
Penn State vs. UMass - 9/20/14
Penn State vs. UMass - 9/20/14
Penn State Football vs. Akron - 9/6/14
The Nittany Lions opened the home portion of their 2014 schedule against the Akron Zips at Beaver Stadium Sept. 6, 2014.
Penn State vs. Akron
USATSI Gallery
Cut from an old-school mentality, Zach Zwinak is ready to deliver a blow on every play with a downhill, physically-punishing running style. Zwinak enters his senior season with 1,996 career rushing yards to rank No. 18 on the all-time Penn State list. Having posted one 1,000-yard rushing season and missed a second by just 11 yards, a third similar season would put Zwinak near elite territory, as just six Nittany Lions all-time have eclipsed 3,000 career yards. While some players and teams begin to wear down when the calendar turns to November, Zwinak gets stronger, having posted eight of his 11 career 100-yard rushing games in the month that defines a team's regular-season. In fact, the former Linganore High School All-American has eclipsed the century mark on the ground in the last four games in each of the past two seasons. The relentless Zwinak tallied 563 yards in Penn State's final four games of last season. The hard-nosed runner's 11 100-yard games are tied with D.J. Dozier for 10th place on the all-time Penn State list. Zwinak combined with classmate Bill Belton to rush for 1,792 yards last season and they, along with sophomore Akeel Lynch (358 yards), should comprise one of the Big Ten's most formidable backfields. Zwinak gained a team-high 989 yards on 210 carries (4.7) last season and scored 12 rushing touchdowns. He delivered the team's longest rush of the season, a 61-yard burst late in the fourth quarter to help seal the big win at No. 14 Wisconsin. Playing in all 12 games, with eight starts, Zwinak ranked ninth in the Big Ten in overall rushing yardage at 82.4 yards per game. He was tied for seventh in the Big Ten with 12 touchdowns and ranked eighth in rushing yards per game (86.5) in conference games. Zwinak also brings a ferocious attitude in the strength and conditioning program and trimmed down by several pounds from last season to gain additional speed and quickness. Following another strong off-season in the weight room, Zwinak is primed to be a central figure in the Penn State offense this fall and a probable All-Big Ten candidate. Zwinak graduated in May with a degree in criminology. A starter in 12 career games, he is among seven returning Nittany Lions from Maryland.
2013 (Senior Season)
2012 (Junior Season)
2011 (Sophomore Season)
2010 (Freshman Season)
High School


text:
04, March, 2015 Come and speak with us at UCAS events
We'll be touring the country from March to October and attending a UCAS convention near you. Find out where.
22, May, 2015 MBA Leadership Week 2015
MBA Leadership Week brings together our entire MBA programme cohort for an intensive combination of academic and practical workshops at Aberdeen Business School.


text:
Wood, Natalie
From Library of Congress Name Authority File
Wood, Natalie
- [Natalie Wood (1938-1981) was an American actress.]
Instance Of
Scheme Membership(s)
Collection Membership(s)
- Gurdin, Natasha
- Zacharenko, Natasha Nikolaevna
- Zakharenko, Natasha
- Zakharenko, Natalia Nikolaevna
- Zakharenko, Natalie Nikolaevna
- Gurdin, Natalie
- Wagner, Natalie
- Wagner, Natasha
Exact Matching Concepts from Other Schemes
- found: Wood, L. Natalie, c1984: p. 12 (Natalie Wood; Natasha Gurdin)
- found: LC data base, 11/29/83 (hdg.: Wood, Natalie)
- found: Variety obituaries, 1980-83: Dec. 2, 1981 (Natalie Wood, actress, found dead, Nov. 29, 1981, off Santa Catalina Island, Calif.; b. Natasha Gurdin, July 20, 1938, San Francisco)
- found: Harris, W.G. Natalie & R.J., 1988: p. 20 (Natalie Wood; b. July 20, 1938, San Francisco, Calif.; real name, Natasha Nikolaevna Zacharenko, changed to Natasha Gurdin after her Russian father, Nikolai Zacharenko, became U.S. citizen as Nicholas Gurdin)
- found: Finstad, S. Natasha, 2001: CIP t.p. (Natasha; Natalie Wood) galley (before becoming Natalie Wood was Natasha Zakharenko; real name: Natalia Nikolaevna Zakharenko; "Natalia" was Americanized to "Natalie" on birth certificate; called "Natasha"; when Natasha was one, family name was changed from "Zakharenko" to "Gurdin"; b. July 20, 1938; married Robert Wagner twice; drowned Nov. 1981 at age forty-three)
General Notes
[Natalie Wood (1938-1981) was an American actress.]
Change Notes
- 1983-12-02: new
- 2013-02-05: revised
Alternate Formats


text:
me, 2.0: jose nazario
beauty and the street
pictures finally going up
over the weekend i worked on a new version of the
script. this new version doesn't generate static pages, it's a PHP script. this makes it worlds easier to upload pics, both for you and for me. a few bugs remain, but the preliminary version (0.92) is available. should work on any PHP platform.
pictures are finally going up ...
north american auto show, detroit, mi, 19 january, 2004
RSAcon 2004, february, 2004, san francisco
stencils around ann arbor, apring, 2004
more later, including cansec, boston, and more san francisco stencils.
Last modified: Monday, Jun 28, 2004 @ 03:57pm
Your Ad Here
copyright © 2002-2015 jose nazario, all rights reserved.