text:
Tall striker joins Stafford Rangers ahead of vital relegation clash
Posted: February 21, 2014|
STAFFORD Rangers boss Graham Heathcote added to his squad on Friday by bringing in a 6ft 6in striker.
Saul Henderson, aged 20, has joined the Marston Road ranks from North West Counties Premier leaders Maine Road.
Henderson has hit 17 goals this season in the NWC league, including a hat-trick against Barnoldswick Town in October.
His height and an eye for goal will certainly give Heathcote another option as the team prepares for Saturday's relegation battle at Stocksbridge Park Steels.
On the departure front, long serving midfielder Sean Kinsella has been released by the Rangers.


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subset: commoncrawl


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Would love a very simplified file copier with 2 windows vertically arranged and just a left and right arrow. Each of the two windows would show the contents of a folder specified on command line or via .ini.
If a user clicked on a file or selected a group of files and then clicked on a arrow pointing to the other window, the file would be copied. Also possibly an option to select a file and delete it.
The idea would also be that the files cannot be launched from these two windows.
This would be very useful in a Citrix environment over a wan where you want a user to copy to and from a local drive to a server drive but not launch the files or browse around a PC or server.


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A: If you are doing testing with your pediatrician below are the tests for celiac/gluten intolerance that are most important to run. Of course discuss this with them and try to get their opinion.
1) TTG (Tissue Transglutaminase) this is the most accurate test for celiac disease. The Celiac Disease Center of Columbia runs a panel of several tests to determine whether a person has celiac. They report that this is the most accurate of the antibody tests.
2) Gliadin Antibody (IGG) this tells about celiac but also suggests gluten intolerance. Basically if you have high levels of these you may or may not have celiac but people with high levels get better from gluten free diet according to a gastrointestinal doctor I spoke with.
Running and reading the tests is complicated. To read more about this issue, read the New York Times Article Confirming a Diagnosis of Celiac Disease.
I would STRONGLY recommend going to a GI doctor or the Celiac Disease Center and finding out if your child has the genes for celiac as antibody testing is often negative in children as it takes years to develop these antibodies. At a parent get together, one parent of a young child with celiac told of their frustration of accurate testing. Their daughter tested negative for celiac three times. The fourth time, in the ICU she tested positive for celiac. They were so disappointed at how sick she had to get before a diagnosis was made.
Running the genetics can not diagnose celiac, but it can indicate whether celiac is a possibility. In our case, all antibody testing was negative but we were positive for the genes. If our GI doctor hadn't done the genetics for celiac we never would have figured out that celiac was a factor in so many of our families chronic health issues.
If the doctor is doing blood work it is a good idea to do some nutritional levels to determine if absorption of nutrients is a factor. Here are basic tests that were run for my children by Dr. Fred Pesctore, who does very thorough nutritional testing for children and adults...
3) vitamin d
4) b12 panel
5) zinc
6) copper
Many mainstream doctors work in a "death and disease" model so their knowledge of vitamins and food intolerances is limited . But if doctors are running bloodwork anyway it is nice if they do these tests at the same time to get the most comprehensive picture to see if absorption is an issue. But, if your doctor cannot run the vitamin tests JUST HAVE THEM RUN CELIAC TESTS and vitamin D!
THE BEST TEST IS A TRIAL OF A GLUTEN FREE DIET FOR A PERIOD OF TIME AFTER ALL BLOODWORK HAS BEEN COMPLETED. But, you really need the official testing and results to be completed to do this kind of trial.
Here is a link to all the tests our alternative doctor ran--but a lot of these can be done by quest and your pediatrician...
Mainstream and Alternative Testing
Here are links to the doctors that can do these tests:
Celiac Disease Center at Columbia University
Harkness Pavilion
180 Fort Washington Avenue
Suite 934
New York, NY 10032
Tel (212) 342-4529
Fax (212) 342-0447
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
The Celiac Disease Center can do full celiac panel including genetics. They are very good at diagnosing celiac disease. Although they are starting to accept and do research on gluten intolerance, their tests are more geared toward celiac disease so they can sometimes miss gluten intolerance but they are amazing at doing the comprehensive panel for celiac disease that includes genetics. Different doctors at the Celiac Disease Center take different insurance so you can tell them your insurance company and they can recommend the doctor who will accept your insurance.
Dr. Fred Pescatore
369 Lexington Ave
New York, NY 10017
(212) 779-2944
Dr. Fred Pescatore is a doctor who practices nutritional medicine. He does both mainstream and alternative tests for food allergies, celiac and gluten intolerance. Dr. Pescatore's food allergy testing REALLY helped us figure out food sensitivities. He does not take insurance but you can submit bills to your insurance. Some testing is covered through insurance but the ALCAT test is not covered by insurance.
More info...
Below is a link to an article in the Official Journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics called Range of Neurologic Disorders in Patients with Celiac Disease about the connection between neurological issues (hypotonia, ADHD, learning disorders and headaches) and celiac. What is important is figure 2 which shows how much more these neurological issues are present in patients with celiac disease. Not everyone with these issues has celiac but for sure there is a connection between nutrient malabsorption and these conditions. If you are going to your GP to request testing for celiac disease, I would recommend bringing them this article to review and discussing the symptoms you have. Also, even though celiac is a GI disease often it is "silent" and there are no obvious gastrointestinal symptoms. Instead the symptoms are from low nutrients--which is why children with developmental issues like hypotonia and ADHD need to be tested.


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The invention relates to a hand-held transmitter and a receiver tuned to e.g. for remote control of garage doors, the transmitter consisting of a current/voltage supply (100), a coding unit (200) generating coded electromagnetic pulses and with an adjustable code, a pulse shaper (300), an HF oscillator (400), an HF output stage (500), a filter (600) and an antenna (700). In order to simplify the construction of such a transmitter, it is suggested according to the invention that the oscillator (400) comprise a circuit which enables a reliable oscillation build-up pattern in a relatively wide range of frequencies around the rated frequency and that the filter (600) connected between the output stage (500) and the antenna (700) be a steeply flanked low-pass filter.
1. A hand-held transmitter for emitting coded electromagnetic pulses for reception and processing by a receiver tuned to said transmitter, preferably for the remote operation of garage doors, said transmitter comprising:
(a) a current/voltage supply having output means;
(b) a coded pulse generating coding unit with an adjustable code coupled to said output means of said current/voltage supply and having an output;
(c) a pulse shaper having an output and coupled to said output of said coding unit;
(d) an HF oscillator having an output and coupled to said current/voltage supply output means;
(e) an HF output stage having an output and coupled to said pulse shaper output and to said oscillator output;
(f) an antenna; and
(g) a filter coupled between said HF output stage and said antenna;
wherein said HF oscillator comprises a circuit which enables a reliable oscillation build-up pattern in a relatively wide range of frequencies around a rated frequency, and said filter is a steeply-flanked low-pass filter.
2. A transmitter according to claim 1, wherein the HF oscillator can be operated in the range from �10% of its rated frequency.
3. A transmitter according to claim 1, wherein the HF oscillator includes a quartz resonator, a transistor and an oscillator circuit comprising at least one capacitor and a coil.
4. A transmitter according to claim 1, wherein the antenna includes a trimming capacitor and in which the antenna is energised via a tapping.
5. A transmitter according to claim 1, wherein a capacitor is provided at the input of the antenna for impedance transformation.
6. A transmitter according to claim 1, wherein said output stage includes a transistor having a low potential terminal, said pulse shaper is a trapezoidal pulse shaper and its said output is connected to said low potential terminal of said output stage transistor.
7. A transmitter according to claim 1, wherein the low-pass filter has a flank steepness of at least 60 dB to the first harmonic.
8. A transmitter according to claim 1, wherein the coding unit comprises a microprocessor which has a selectable number of information bits selectively consisting of 12 or 22 bits.
9. A transmitter according to claim 8, wherein said coding unit includes a diode matrix circuit for setting a part of the code number.
10. A transmitter according to claim 8, wherein said coding unit further includes a coding bridge, said coding unit being adapted to trigger various functions which can be set via said coding bridge connected in the coding unit.
11. A transmitter according to claim 1, wherein the individual component elements are mounted on a wafer using the SMD (surface mounted device) technology.
12. A receiver for receiving coded electromagnetic pulses emitted by a transmitter according to claim 1, said receiver comprising:
(a) a current/voltage supply having output means;
(b) a high frequency receiver part having an output and coupled to said current/voltage supply output means and including:
(1) an HF antenna input circuit for receiving an incoming signal;
(2) an HF/IF amplifier and mixer part having output means and coupled to said receiver part ouput;
(3) an HF oscillator coupled to said amplifier and mixer part;
(4) a demodulator coupled to said output means of said amplifier and mixer part; and
(5) a signal amplitude control circuit and level converter having an output and coupled to said output means of said amplifier and mixer part;
(c) a decoding unit with a code selector circuit having an output and coupled to said output of said control circuit and level converter; and
(d) an input/output interface circuit coupled to said decoding unit output;
wherein the HF oscillator of the high frequency receiver part resonates in a wide frequency range and comprises a circuit which enables a reliable oscillation build-up pattern in a relatively wide range of frequencies around the rated frequency, and wherein the HF antenna circuit further comprises an antenna oscillator circuit which has a trimming capacitor, and wherein the incoming signal is output from the antenna oscillator circuit through a capacitive divider, the divider being taken to earth on the HF side of the antenna oscillator circuit via a capacitor.
13. A receiver according to claim 12, wherein a non-trimmable wide band pass filter is connected in the high frequency receiver part between the signal output from the HF/IF amplifier and mixer part and the demodulator.
14. A receiver according to claim 12, wherein the high frequency receiver part further includes a ceramic IF filter and a resistor connected between the output of the mixer part and the ceramic IF filter to adjust the working point of the HF/IF amplifier and mixer part.
15. A receiver according to claim 12, wherein the decoding unit comprises a microprocessor with an adjustable code.
16. A receiver according to claim 15, wherein the decoding unit further comprises a diode matrix circuit for adjusting the code.
17. A receiver according to claim 15, wherein the microprocessor is connected to a reset circuit for automatically restoring the decoding unit to normal operating condition in the event of interference pulses or programming errors.
18. A receiver according to claim 12, wherein the input/output circuit incorporates low voltage recognition means to detect low voltage output from the receiver.
19. A receiver according to claim 12, wherein the input/output circuit contains a power-on reset circuit.
20. A receiver according to claim 12, wherein the input/output circuit is constructed as an adaptor circuit including internal soldered bridges which are selectively bridges so that the adaptor circuit can function selectively as an alternating current input/output, a direct current input/output and as a potential free output in conjunction with the direct current or alternating current input.
21. A receiver according to claim 12, wherein the input/output circuit includes means for providing current limitation, means to provide reverse polarity protection for direct current outputs and also means to provide pulse duration limitation.
22. A receiver according to claim 12, wherein the individual component elements are mounted on a wafer using SMD technology.
23. A transmitter according to claim 1, and further comprising fixed capacitive means coupling the HF oscillator to the HF output stage.
24. A method for coding electromagnetic transmission pulses comprising the steps of:
providing a supply of current/voltage to a code generator, to an HF oscillator and to an HF output stage;
generating coded electromagnetic pulses with an adjustable code wherein by a time-based tripartition of the bit information of the transmitted code (pulse telegram), the proposition concerning logical significance ensues in accordance with the following precept, in that after a flank fall from high to low and a subsequent flank rise from low to high after one-third of the transmission preset for one bit, a logic zero is transmitted, but upon a subsequent flank rise from low to high after two-thirds of the transmission time preset for one bit, a logic one is transmitted, wherein a pulse telegram 26 bits long is used, consisting of a 22 bit information part followed by a synchronizing pause 4 bits long, consisting of a low signal and a flank transition from low to high after the second third of the fourth pause bit;
shaping the generated pulses;
applying the shaped pulses to an HF output stage to provide an output signal;
providing HF oscillations to the HF output stage;
filtering the output signals from the HF output stage; and then
applying the filtered signals to an antenna for transmission therefrom;
the HF oscillator enables a reliable build-up pattern in a relatively wide range of frequencies around the rated frequency, the filter is a steeply-flanked low-pass filter connected between the HF output stage and the antenna.
The present invention relates to a hand-held transmitter for emitting coded electromagnetic pulses to a receiver for receiving pulses emitted by the transmitter, and to a method of coding electromagnetic pulses. The transmitter may comprise a current/voltage supply, a coded pulse generating coding unit with an adjustable code, a pulse shaper, and HF oscillator, an HF output stage, a filter and an antenna.
The associated receiver for receiving coded electromagnetic pulses may comprise a current/voltage supply, an antenna, an integrated receiver comprising HF and IF amplifier stages and a mixer for intermediate frequency generation, a demodulator, a signal amplitude regulating system, a decoding unit with a code-selector circuit and an input/output circuit (interface).
A transmitter-receiver system consisting of such a transmitter and an associated receiver can be used for the remote operation of various items of equipment. Preferably, such transmitter-receiver systems are used for the remote controller operation of garage doors or entrance gates, the transmitter being carried in the car and operated by the driver or passenger. In such a case, only a few functions are generally required, for example one switch or button for "open" and one for "close".
When the transmitter is operated, e.g. by pressing a button marked "open", the transmitter emits a sequence of electromagnetic pulses which corresponds essentially to a binary code number, one of the bits emitted in the form of electromagnetic pulses corresponding to the desired function, in other words, in the selected example, the opening of the garage door. The other bits (for example 10) can be individually set at the transmitter, the associated receiver comprising a decoding unit with an analogue bit adjustment facility, the setting having to coincide with that of the transmitter, when the desired function (e.g. "open" or "close") is to be triggered. Therefore the receiver converts the sequence of electromagnetic pulses emitted by the transmitter into binary numbers, relates (at least) one of the bits to a specific function and compares the other bits which form, so to speak, a code word with the bit setting of the decoding unit. Only if the emitted binary code word coincides with the code word to which the decoding unit is set will the desired function by triggered.
Such a binary code word can be represented as a specific sequence of the digits 0 and 1. Since the transmitter and receiver have to have the same code word, the probability that--to stay with the example of the garage doors--when a transmitter is operated in front of the garage door, the associated receiver will also simultaneously open or, as the case may be, close one or even more garage doors at neighbours' houses and possibly still within the range of the transmitter, is avoided. A hitherto constructed transmitterreceiver system comprises a code word with a word length of 12 bits, producing a total of some 4096 different possible code settings. This system can likewise co-operate with equipment according to the present invention.
A filter and a pulse shaper are necessary components of the transmitter, in order to avoid the transmitter sending out interference pulses and in order to restrict the required HF band width, which would make it impossible to obtain regulatory agency approval necessary for operating the transmitter.
It goes without saying that a receiver can receive and convert transmitted pulses from a plurality of transmitters so long as the latter only emit the corresponding coded sequence of pulses. As garage and entrances are often used by a number of different persons, therefore, each of these persons can carry his own transmitter with him in the car or in his pocket and use the transmitter to operate the gate or garage door. This is particularly true in the case of relatively large garage installations or underground garages which are jointly used by a number of local residents. If the transmitter is to be carried not only in the car but, for example, also in the hand or in a jacket or trouser pocket comfortably, then it is very important for it to be of small overall size and to be of low weight. Hitherto, only a relatively small number of installations intended for the purpose have been equipped with corresponding receivers and transmitters. In addition to reducing the size of the transmitter, therefore, it is also desirable to simplify the constrcution of receiver and transmitter and to reduce manufacturing costs. This has not as yet been possible, however, with the hitherto known transmitter-receiver system to any adequate degree.
Therefore, the present invention is based on the problem of providing a transmitter and a receiver having the features mentioned at the outset, but which can be more economically produced and to smaller dimensions, the functional reliability of the past being at least retained but being, as far as possible, enhanced.
In accordance with one aspect of this invention, there is provided a hand-held transmitter for emiting coded electromagnetic pulses for reception and processing by a receiver tuned to said transmitter, preferably for the remote operation of garage doors, the transmitter comprising:
(a) a current/voltage supply,
(b) a coded pulse generating coding unit with an adjustable code,
(c) a pulse shaper
(d) an HF oscillator,
(e) an HF output stage
(f) a filter, and
(g) an antenna, wherein the HF oscillator comprises a circuit which enables a reliable oscillation build-up pattern in a relatively wide range of frequencies around the rated frequency, and the filter is connected between the output stage and the antenna and is a steeply-flanked low-pass filter.
With regard to the transmitter, this problem is resolved in that a readily resonating low-harmonic oscillator is used and in that the filter connected between the output stage and the antenna is a steeply-flanked low-pass filter.
In principle, the corresponding circuitry will be familiar to one skilled in the art, particularly since the invention sets out to provide simple (and low price) circuits. By reason of the fact that the oscillator enables a reliable oscillation build-up pattern in a relatively wide range of frequencies around the rated frequency, it is in fact possible nominally to dispense with the hitherto necessary trimming of the oscillator. Also, the steeply-flanked low-pass filter connected between the output stage and the antenna, in contrast to the band-pass filter previously used at this location, requires no trimming. Simply and solely the high quality antenna or antenna oscillator circuit still requires to be trimmed, so that maximum output performance is achieved. In contrast, in the case of the prior art transmitter, it was necessary to trim three different components, namely the oscillator circuit, the band-pass filter and the antenna in order to achieve maximum output performance. Such trimming can only be carried out by one skilled in the art and takes a considerable length of time, with the corresponding effect on the cost factor.
The features according to the invention, therefore, firstly simplify the construction of the transmitter in that trimming means are required neither in the oscillator nor in the filter, while on the other hand manufacturing costs are saved in that the work of trimming is reduced since only the antenna requires to be adjusted for maximum output.
According to the invention, where the oscillator is concerned, it is regarded as entirely adequate for the oscillator to be operable in the range from �10% of the rated frequency. In such a case, relatively low cost components can, in fact, be used, and these exhibit relatively wide manufacturing tolerances. Despite these manufacturing tolerances, then, the transmitter is still fully functional.
To be specific, the desired properties of the oscillator are realised in that a modified Pierce oscillator circuit for harmonic mode crystals was used. The modifications refer on the one hand to the construction involving less outlay on components and on the other the operating point setting of the transistor with regard to component tolerances and low-harmonic oscillations.
The frequency at which the transmitter operates is preferably in the range between 20 and 50 MHz. Particularly preferable are frequencies in the 27 MHz and 40 MHz band. In this frequency range, the electromagnetic waves generated can still readily penetrate the body work of conventional private cars and even steel reinforced concrete, so that the transmitter can without problem be operated from within a motor vehicle.
Simplification of the circuitry is further contributed to by a measure whereby the antenna coil is connected via a tapping partly as an exciter coil. This makes it possible to dispense with a separate exciter coil. The antenna is trimmed at a trimming capacitor.
According to the illustrated example of the invention, the location of the tapping is at L123 and also the value of the coupling capacitor C130 is chosen from the point of view of optimum adaptation to the precedent lowpass filter.
Furthermore, the circuitry according to the illustrated example is characterised in that the output from the trapezoidal pulse shaper (Miller integrator) is connected directly to the low potential side of the output stage transistor. This simple measure provides for a higher output compared with the prior art circuit.
The flank steepness of the low-pass filter is at least 60 dB to the first harmonic. The preferred circuit arrangement of the low-pass filter is known by the term "low-pass according to Cauer parameters".
In the illustrated example, a so-called microprocessor with a selectable code bit number of 12 or 22 is provided at the coding unit.
For setting the code number,a diode matrix circuit is provided. Furthermore, a solder bridge is provided by which the coding unit can optionally be used with the normal 12 bits known from the prior art transmitter or receiver or in a mode of operation employing 22 bits. Advantageously, the new transmitter can be used not only in conjunction with the associated new receivers but also with previously used receivers.
In the illustrated example, there are in the coding unit 4 bits for various functions (commands) which have to be performed and which can be selected via a coding bridge connected to the coding unit. In this way, it is possible to pass up to 16 different functions to the receiver so that the transmitter-receiver system can be used not only for opening and closing garage doors, but can also perform a number of other functions which can also advantageously be used for the remote control of other appliances. In the case of the coding unit according to the invention, there are still more bits available to represent the code word or code number, the functional reliability of the system being further enhanced in respect of the prior art system since the unintentional triggering of "foreign" appliances becomes increasingly less probable with the increasing length of the code word.
It has been found to be particularly advantageous that the individual component elements are mounted on a wafer employing SMT. This surface mounted technology permits substantial miniaturisation of the transmitter and receiver construction and is also a favourable factor where the manufacturing costs are concerned.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, there is provided a receiver for receiving coded electromagnetic pulses comprising:
(a) a current/voltage supply,
(b) a high frequency receiver part including:
(1) An HF input circuit, e.g. an antenna circuit,
(2) an HF/IF amplifier and mixer part,
(3) an HF oscillator,
(4) a demodulator,
(5) a signal amplitude control circuit and level converter,
(c) a decoding unit with a code selector curcuit, and
(d) an interface, e.g. an input/output circuit, wherein the oscillator of the receiver part resonates in a wide frequency range and comprises a circuit which enables a reliable oscillation build-up pattern in a relatively wide range of frequencies around the rated frequency, and wherein the antenna is associated with an oscillator circuit which has a trimming capacitor, and wherein the incoming signal is output through a capacitive divider, the divider being taken to earth on the HF side via a capacitor.
The problem on which the invention is based is with regard to the receiver and is resolved in that the IF (intermediate frequency) mixer part has a reliably resonating oscillator which has substantially the same construction as the oscillator in the associated hand-held transmitter, the coupling oscillator circuit of the antenna having a trimming capacitor and the antenna oscillating circuit having a capacitive divider for transmitting signals to the integrated receiver (I4).
The oscillator has already been described in detail in connection with the transmitter and its use in the receiver leads substantially to the same advantageous results as in the case of the transmitter since, namely, trimming is once again necessary only at the input antenna. The capacitive divider at the output of the antenna further helps to simplify the circuitry since in the past a repeater constructed from coils was used at this point.
It is true that the IF mixer (intermediate frequency mixer) provided in the integrated receiver circuit also has an internal oscillator, but in comparison with the use of an additional external oscillator, as provided according to the invention, its use proved to be disadvantageous since some parameters of the internal oscillator cannot be influenced and therefore it cannot be reliably operated without trimming.
Furthermore, there is connected in the IF amplifier part, between the single output from the IF mixer and the demodulator, a lower quality filter which renders corrections unnecessary here, also, in spite of the anticipated component tolerances.
To adjust the working point of the IF mixer and to emit signals, there is according to the invention a resistor which is connected between the mixer output and a ceramic IF filter. This, too, constitutes a simplification in comparison with the known circuit which provided an oscillator circuit at this point.
In analogy with the transmitter, the receiver according to the invention has at its decoding unit a microprocessor with an adjustable code. Also the decoding unit has a diode matrix circuit for adjusting the code word or code number. A possibility of switching over to the 12 bit system is readily available, but in the case of the new receiver it is unnecessary since, when installing a new receiver, also the associated transmitters are available with the preferably fully utilised capacity of 22 bits.
The microprocessor in the decoding unit is, according to the invention, connected to a reset circuit. Such a reset circuit is known in specialist circles by the term "Watch Dog" and serves to restore the decoding unit to a normal operating condition in the even of interference pulses being picked up at random or even in the case of a programming error.
In the case of the receiver according to the invention, the decoding unit is followed by an input/output circuit which is constructed as an adapted circuit and which, as a function of internal switch positions, may optionally have an alternating current, a direct current or a potential-free switching output. These various outputs correspond to the systems of garage door drives available on the market so that by converting internal solder bridges in the adapter circuit, one and the same receiver can be used for operating all currently known garage door drive control arrangements and other applications, such as, for example, a remotely-operated door opener (door buzzer).
Furthermore, the output circuit comprises a series of various protective circuits intended to guarantee high operational reliability in the receiver. These include an undervoltage recognition circuit, a power-onreset circuit and also a voltage limiting and reverse polarity protection circuit.
Similarly to the associated transmitter, also the receiver is produced using SMD technology. By virtue of the very short and low-inductance connections between the various component elements, the transmitters and receivers produced using SMD technology come very close to their theoretical ideal, corresponding to their circuitry.
In accordance with yet another aspect of this invention, there is provided a method of coding electromagnetic transmission pulses wherein, by time-based tripartition of the bit information of the transmitted code (pulse telegram), the proposition ensues concerning logical significance according to the following precept, so that after a flank drop from "H" to "L" and a subsequent flank rise from "L" to "H", a logic "0" is transmitted after one-third of the transmission time preset for one bit, but in the event of a subsequent flank rise from "L" to "H", a logic "1" is transmitted after two-thirds of the transmission time preset for one bit, and which is characterised in that a pulse telegram is used which is 26 bits long, comprising a 22 bit long information part followed by a synchronisation pause which is 4 bits long, consisting of a "L" signal and a flank transition from "L" to "H" after the second third of the fourth pause bit.
This method makes it possible to use the previously described transmitter and the associated receiver and so contributes to the simplified circuitry while at the same time enhacing functional reliability.
Further advantages, features and possible applications of the present invention will become evident from the ensuing description of the drawings which show a preferred embodiment of the transmitter of the associated receiver.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the transmitter.
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of the transmitter.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the receiver.
FIGS. 4 and 5 show the wiring diagram of the receiver.
According to FIG. 1, the transmitter consists of a voltage supply, an LF (low frequency) pulse generator, a pulse shaper, an HF (high frequency) oscillator, an HF output stage, a harmonic filter and a ferrite antenna. The voltage supply delivers a non-stabilised (battery) voltage Uu and a stabilised voltage Vcc.
As FIG. 2 shows, the voltage supply consists essentially of the battery BATT, which directly supplies the voltage Uu, the resistor R181, the diodes D181 and D182 and the transistor T181 which, in the circuit shown in FIG. 1, supply the stabilised voltage Vcc. The diode D182 is a light emitting diode and indicates the stand-by condition (sufficient battery voltage) of the transmitter.
The LF pulse generation takes place in the coding unit 200 by the microprocessor I101. The microprocessor I101 is a mask-programmed IC component with an ROM memory of 512 bytes which contains a non-variable programme for pulse generation.
The pulse sequence which logically corresponds to a sequence of the digits 0 and 1, is adjusted on the one hand via a coding bridge 220 and on the other via a so-called DIL (Dual In Line) switch 210. The DIL switch operates a diode matrix. By means of this DIL switch, the user can vary the emitted code to 10 bits. According to the position of the solder bridge (�150), however, the number of code bits may be 12 or 22. With the 22-bit code, 8 of the additional bits are at present preset at the factory. The 2 or 4 other bits of the code telegram can be varied by means of the coding bridge 220. By the aforementioned works set coding of 8 bits, however, in spite of the same position of the DIL switch, unintended operation of "foreign" appliances can be prevented if the works coding of the transmitters, which cannot be altered by the customer, is different.
The coding bridge 220 furthermore serves to fix the bits required to transmit desired functions.
On the downstream side of the LF pulse generator is a pulse shaper, the components of which start with the digits 14. This pulse shaper, essentially a Miller integrator, slopes off the pulse flanks to reduce the HF transmission band width. The output from the pulse shaper which is close to ground potential until saturation voltage is reached, is connected to the emitter of the output stage transistor T121 so that the maximum output limited by the working voltage is achieved.
The HF oscillator consists essentially of the oscillator circuit which is constituted by the coil L111 and the capacitors C112 and C113, and also the quartz resonator Q111 and the transistor T111. The resistors R112 and R113 serve for setting the bias and gain of the oscillator circuit. Together with the resultant oscillator circuit capacitance (consisting of L111, C112, C113), C114 constitutes the capacitance load of the quartz crystal Q111.
The output stage consists essentially of the transitor T121, the coil L124 and the resistor R121. R121 determines the bias of the transistor. L124 is the working resistor and compensates for the transistor collector capacitance. C124 and C141 serve only to block the high frequency. Following this output stage is a low-pass filter to Cauer parameters, which is built up from the capacitors C121, C122, C123, C128, C129 and the coils L121 and L122.
Together with the tapping point of the antenna coil, the capacitor C130 serves for optimum adaptation of the HF output to the antenna. The antenna oscillating circuit includes the trimming capacitor C127 and also the capacitors C125 and C126.
According to FIG. 3, the receiver consists essentially of a voltage supply, an integrated receiver with HF and IF amplifiers, a demodulator and an amplification control voltage generating arrangement, an LF decoder as well as a switching stage with a switching output.
The circuitry can be seen in FIGS. 4 and 5. In conjunction with the appended parts list, complete information for a man skilled in the art can be found in the circuit diagrams in FIGS. 2, 4 and 5.
The particularity of the receiver circuit will be described in greater detail hereinafter. The oscillator circuit 370 of the antenna 360 consists of the coil L41 and the capacitors C42, C43 and C44, C42 being a trimmable capacitor by which the resonance frequency of the oscillator circuit an be tuned to the transmission frequency. Constituting the output of the antenna 360 is a capacitive divider consisting of the capacitors C42, C43 and C44. The capacitor C45 acts in respect of a high frequency in the same way as an earth connection so that the differential voltage falling above the capacitor C44 is applied to the high frequency input "HF IM" of the integrated receiver. The capacitive divider was used instead of the previously conventional transformer.
The working point of the mixer output is set by means of a resistor (R28) which preferably corresponds to the input impedance of the ceramic IF filter on the downstream side. The use of the resistor R28 instead of the otherwise conventional oscillator circuit will indeed increase signal distortion, but this is not found to be a disadvantage where transmission of the present digital code is concerned.
The oscillator, the components of which are identified by a two digit number beginning with 3, has exactly the same construction as the oscillator of the previously described transmitter. To avoid a further trimming point and technical advantages, this external additional oscillator is preferred instead of the internal oscillator of the frequency mixer. Demodulation of the pulse diagram occurs passively via D1, C1, R1. The voltage for setting the amplification of the integrated receiver is generated via an active peak value rectifier. The regulating conversion of the demodulated signal occurs after two-fold amplification by a part of the operational amplifier 12 which is connected as a comparator, to NMOS level for 13.
For decoding the IC component 13 is used which is of the same type as the IC component used in the coding unit but by virtue of the bridge �50, a fixed programme corresponding to the decoding is selected in its ROM memory.
Once again, the code word can be set by DIL switches in the diode matrix circuit, 10 bits being provided for the code to be set by the customer, while the other bits are adjusted at the factory.
The reset circuit 270, termed the "Watch Dog," consists of the components of which the two digit identifying numbers start with the digit 5.
As also in the case of the previously designated components, the identifying numbers are preceded by an R in the case of resistors, a C in the case of capcitors, an L in the case of coils, a T in the case of transistors, a D in the case of diodes, a Q in the case of quartz resonators and an I in the case of more complex components. A prefix S identifies switches while the prefix J indentifies soldered contacts.
The input/output adaptor circuit consists of components of which the two digit identifying numbers start with the digits 7 and 8, the capacitors C85 to C89, together with the component I81, forming a mains unit. The output circuit has in addition to the already-mentioned undervoltage recognition facility also what is referred to as a power-on-reset, which in the event of an interim power failure ensures that when the mains voltage returns, the output of the circuit remains in the inoperative condition.
The resistors R81 and R82 serve top limit current while the diodes D83, D84 constitute a reverse polarity protection for the direct current voltage output 2, 3. By bridging the contacts J1 to J5 and/or actuating the switches S72 and/or S73, upon receipt of a suitable signal, either the direct current voltage output 2, the alternating current voltage output 4, 5, or the potential free output X, Y will be operated, as desired.
Virtually all components are mounted on wafers in line with SMT (surface mounted technology), so that a very space-saving and handy construction is available both for transmitter and also for receiver.
The composition of transmitter and receiver can be seen in detail in the parts lists which are included as an appendix hereto. Where for adaptation of the output circuit to different appliances or garage door drives, the components are varied, then this can be ascertained from the headings in the parts list.
__________________________________________________________________________APPENDIX__________________________________________________________________________HF Receiver with universal interface429-871116Parts list__________________________________________________________________________Key to types according to value-hyphenC = chip (SMD)F = melfM = minimelfR = radialA = axialK = ceramic capacitorE = electrolytic capacitorF = foil capacitorN7 = N750 effect of temperatureNP = NPO effect of temperatureW50 = 0.5 W load capacity with resistorsV50 = 50 V voltage with capacitors%1 = 1% toleranceDiffering components for different fields of application:(A) AC(/DC)-Input/Output, short-circuited by output pulse; connection to holes Nos. 4 and 5(B) DC-Input, separate DC-Output for switching pulse; hole 1: GND, hole 2: switch output to GND. hole 3: +24 VDC(C) 3-conductor AC(/DC)-Connection with relay switching contact; connection to holes 4, 5 and Y.(D) 2-lead AC(/DC)-Connection short-circuiting via relay switching contact; connection to holes 4 and 5.(E) AC- or DCOInput, potential free output; connection to holes 4, 5 or 1, 3 and X, Y.(F) Combination of (A) and (B); connection to holes 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.Components table for above-mentioned applications (1=fitted, 0=notfitted):Alternative J1 J2 J3 J4 J5 J6 J7 J8 S73 C85 C72 Output signal__________________________________________________________________________(A) 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1000y 1 Pulse(B) 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1000y 0 Static(C) 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1000y 0 Static(D) 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 2000y 0 Pulse length in- dependent of Ub(E) 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1000y 0 Static(F) 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1000y 1 PulseVarying equipment for different reception frequencies:Component 27 MHz-band 40 MHz-band Remarks__________________________________________________________________________Q 31 26 260 MHz 40 230 MHz 26.590 MHz USAR 32 1k 470 Amplification setting T31C31 100 pF/NPO 68 pF/NPOC32 22 pF/NPO 15 pF/NPOC33 4p7/NPO 4p7/NPO Frequency setting Q31C41 3P3/NPO 2p2/NPOC43 6p8/NPOC44 100 pF/NPO 68 pf/NPOL31 2.2 uH 1.5 uHL41 2.2 uH 1.5 uHThe values given in the above parts list are for the 27 MHz band:No. Class Type Form Pins Remarks/number__________________________________________________________________________ Micro-CAD Parts List B:p429-pat__________________________________________________________________________1 C1 3N3-C 0805 22 C2 10N-C 0805 23 C6 100H-CZ5 0805 24 C7 100N-CZ5 0805 25 C12 10U-EC 081A 26 C19 10N-C 0805 27 C21 100P-CNP 0805 28 C22 10P-CNP 0805 29 C25 100N-CZ5 0805 210 C26 100N-CZ5 0805 211 C30 10N-C 0805 212 C31 100P-CNP 0805 213 C32 22P-CNP 0805 214 C33 4P7-CNP 0805 215 C40 10H-ENTF 0805 216 C41 3P3-CNP 0805 217 C42 10P-TR-A TR-C-S2A 218 C43 6P8-CNP 0805 219 C44 100P-CNP 0805 220 C45 10N-C 0805 221 C51 3N3-C 0805 222 C52 1U-EC BE1A 223 C53 10N-C 0805 224 C63 150P-CNP 0805 225 C64 150P-CNP 0805 226 C71 100N-C 1210 227 C72 100N-C 1210 228 C73 1U-EC BE1A 229 C81 10N-C 0805 230 C82 10N-C 0805 231 C83 10N-C 0805 232 C84 10N-C 0805 233 C85 1000U-EA 13B13 234 C86 100N-C 1210 235 C87 100N-C 1210 236 C88 10N-C 0805 237 C89 100N-CZ5 0805 238 D1 AA1118 4B2 239 D2 BAV70-A4 SOT-23 340 D51 BAV99-A7 SOT-23 341 D61 BAV70-A4 SOT-23 342 D62 BAV70-A4 SOT-23 343 D63 BAV70-A4 SOT-23 344 D64 BAV70-A4 SOT-23 345 D65 BAV70-A4 SOT-23 346 D66 BAV70-A4 SOT-23 347 D67 A4-ENTF. SOT-23 348 D68 A4-ENTF. SOT-23 349 D69 BAV70-A4 SOT-23 350 D70 A4-ENTF. SOT-23 351 D81 BAV99-A7 SOT-23 352 D82 BAV99-A7 SOT-23 353 D83 BAV70-A4 SOT-23 354 D84 BAV70-A4 SOT-23 355 F21 PFBF455A PFBF455 356 I1 TCA440-R DIL16REF 1657 I2 324-SO SO-20W 1458 I3 AL53201S SO-20W 2859 I5 78L05-SO SO-8 860 I17 4093-SO SO-14 1461 J1 000-C 1206 262 J2 000-ENTF 1206 263 J3 000-ENTF 1206 264 J4 000-ENTF 1206 265 J5 000-ENTF 1206 266 J6 000-ENTF 1206 267 J7 000-ENTF 1206 268 J8 000-C 1206 269 L21 1HH-C LQN5N 270 L31 2UH2-C 1210 271 L41 2UH2-C 1210 272 Q31 26H560RF HC18REF 473 Q61 424K CSB-SMD 274 R1 33K-C 1206 275 R6 470-C 1206 276 R8 33K-C 1206 277 R9 100K-C 1206 278 R10 10K-C 1206 279 R11 10K-C 1206 280 R12 33K-C 1206 281 R25 10-C 1206 282 R28 1K-C 1206 283 R30 100-C 1206 284 R31 330K-C 1206 285 R32 1K-C 1206 286 R40 1K-ENTF. 1206 287 R41 10K-ENTF. 1206 288 R51 100K-C 1206 289 R52 100K-C 1206 290 R53 1M-C 1206 291 R54 10K-C 1206 292 R55 33K-C 1206 293 R56 100K-C 1206 294 R57 3K3-C 1206 295 R63 3K3-C 1206 296 R64 1M-C 1206 297 R65 100K-C 1206 298 R66 100K-C 1206 299 R67 100K-C 1206 2100 R68 100K-C 1206 2101 R71 1M-C 1206 2102 R72 330K-C 1206 2103 R73 1M-C 1206 2104 R74 1K-C 1206 2105 R75 680K-C 1206 2106 R76 1K-C 1206 2107 R77 33K-C 1206 2108 R78 33K-C 1206 2109 R79 33K-C 1206 2110 R80 33K-C 1206 2111 R81 100-F MELF 2112 R82 100-F MFLF 2113 S1 DSP-10-R DIL20SR+ 20114 S71 WW-LEIST SL4/8 8115 S72 SENSOR TST180 4116 S73 REL-E REL-E 6117 T31 BC847-1F SOT-23 3118 T51 BC847-1F SOT-23 3119 T52 BC847-1F SOT-23 3120 T71 BC847-1F SOT-23 3121 T72 BC847-1F SOT-23 3122 T73 BC847-1F SOT-23 3123 X15 BRIDGE LB2 2124 X16 BRIDGE LB2 2125 X17 BRlDGE LB2 2126 X18 BRIDGE LB2 2127 X19 BRIDGE LB2 2128 X20 BRIDGE LB2 2129 X21 BRIDGE LB2 2130 X22 BRlDGE LB2 2131 X50 BRIDGE LB2 2__________________________________________________________________________SMD-Minitransmitter, 2 commandsSMD-Mini-hand-held transmitter,2 commands415-870209Parts list__________________________________________________________________________Key to types according to value-hyphenC = chipF = melfM = minimelfR = radialA = axialK = ceramic capacitorE = electrolytic capacitorF = foil capacitorN7 = N750 effect of temperatureNP = NPO effect of temperatureW50 = 0.5 W load capacity with resistorsV50 = 50 V voltage with capacitors%1 = 1% toleranceFurther components:1 Wafer1 Hand-held transmitter housing for 2 command version, complete1 12 V battery1 Antenna spring for reflow solderingIMPORTANT: Varying equipment for the following frequencies:Component 27 MHz-band 40 MHz-band Remarks__________________________________________________________________________Q 111 27.015 40.685 27.045 for USAR 113 33OR 33OR Amplification setting T111C 112 47p-NPO 33p-NPOC 113 22p-NPO 15p-NPOC 114 4P7-NPO 4p7-NPO Frequency tuning Q111C 121 47p-NPO 33P-NPOC 122 68p-NPO 47p-NPOC 123 47p-NPO 33p-NPOC 125 10p-NPO 10p-NPOC 126 33p-N750 3p3-NPOC 128 2p2 2p2 Do not fit, board capacitorC 129 6p8 3p3 Can be omitted, board capacitorC 130 8p2-NPO 4p7-NPOL 111 2.2 uH 1.5 uHL 121 1 Uh 680 nHL 122 1 uH 680 nHL 124 2.2 uH 1.5 uHValues given below are for 27 MHzNo. Class Type Form Pins Remarks__________________________________________________________________________1 C111 10N-C 0005 22 C112 47P-CNP 0005 23 C113 22P-CNP 0005 2 Micro-CAD Parts list B:p415-pat__________________________________________________________________________4 C114 4P7-CNP 0805 25 C121 47P-CNP 0805 26 C122 68P-CNP 0805 27 C123 47P-CNP 0805 28 C124 10N-C 0805 29 C125 10P-CNP 0805 210 C126 33P-CN7 0805 211 C127 10P-TR-A TR-C-S2A 212 C128 2P2-PLAT 0805 213 C129 6P8-ENTF 0805 214 C138 10P-CNP 0805 215 C141 10N-C 0805 216 C142 22N-CNP 1210 217 C151 150P-CNP 0805 218 C152 150P-CNP 0805 219 C153 10N-C 0805 220 D161 BAW56-A1 SOT-23 321 D162 BAV70-A4 SOT-23 322 D163 BAV70-A4 SOT-23 323 D164 BAV70-A4 SOT-23 324 D165 BAV70-A4 SOT-23 325 D166 BAV70-A4 SOT-23 326 D181 Z5V6-Z3 SOT-23 327 D182 LSS210 SOT-23 328 I151 AL532015 SO-20W 2029 L111 2U2-C 1210 230 L121 1U-C 1210 231 L122 1U-C 1210 232 L123 FERANT PA5X30R 1133 L124 2U2-C 1210 234 Q111 27M015 HC18LGR 435 Q151 424K CSB-SMD 236 R111 100-C 1206 237 R112 100K-C 1206 238 R113 330-C 1206 239 R121 33K-C 1206 240 R141 1K-C 1206 241 R142 3K3-C 1206 242 R143 10K-C 1206 243 R151 10K-C 1206 244 R152 10K-C 1206 245 R153 10K-C 1206 246 R154 10K-C 1206 247 R156 1M-C 1206 248 R157 3K3-C 1206 249 R161 100K-C 1206 250 R162 100K-C 1206 251 R163 100K-C 1206 252 R164 100K-C 1206 253 R181 1K-C 1206 254 R182 1K-ENTF 1206 255 S151 TSTK02XE TSTK02XS 456 S152 TSTK02XE TSTK02XS 457 S161 DILS10 DIL20SR 2058 T111 BC847-1F SOT-23 359 T121 BSR14-U8 SOT-23 360 T141 BC847-1F SOT-23 361 T142 BC847-1F SOT-23 362 T181 BC847-1F SOT-23 363 V181 BKF-MINI BKF-MINI 364 V182 BKF-MINI BKF-MINI 365 X111 ENTF. LB2 266 X119 ENTF. LB2 267 X143 ENTF. LB2 268 X150 ENTF. LB2 269 X151 ENTF. LB2 270 X152 ENTF. LB2 271 X153 ENTF. LB2 272 X154 ENTF. LB2 273 X155 ENTF. LB2 274 X156 ENTF. LB2 275 X157 ENTF. LB2 276 X158 ENTF. LB2 277 Z101 CENT. L02-5 1 HOLE78 Z102 ENTF. L02-5 1End__________________________________________________________________________
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I came across an article titled '7 trends we'd love to see go'. These are some of the opinions of high profile interior designers and what they consider OUTS!
1 Homes that look like taxidermy shops. Enough with the wall of antlers and animal skins all over the floor!
2 Flat-screen TVs mounted so high above the fireplace mantel, you get a neck cramp before the first commercial break.
3 Home makeover shows that set unrealistic expectations about decorating a space. There are usually scores of people working behind the scenes whom you never see on screen. Plus, we're firm believers that good design takes time.
4 Shallow sink basins that result in water splashing everywhere.
5 Outfitting a room top to bottom with reproduction designer furniture. We've seen too many homes filled with so much Eames, Bertoia and Saarinen they look like soulless showrooms.
6 The phrase "man cave."
7 Watch any house-hunting program on HGTV and, chances are, granite countertops are on the buyer's wish list. But with so many options now available – including recycled paper and glass products – our wish for 2010 is for anyone embarking on a remodel to think beyond the ubiquitous granite and stainless steel combination.
I agree with ALL seven. Time to move on to bigger and better!


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Minneapolis, Minn. - The New Mexico State baseball team (8-5) lost 6-4 to Nebraska (5-4) after leading the Corn Huskers for eight innings in day two of the Dairy Queen Classic, March 3.
Starting pitcher Ryan Beck challenged the Huskers going eight innings and striking out four batters. He allowed one run in the bottom of the second and another in the fourth, but was otherwise very efficient on the mound. Beck's efficiency included him retiring 14-of-18 batters from the fourth to eighth inning. He finished the seventh inning with an amazing dive-scoop-and-toss play that is almost indescribable.
Senior closer Scott Coffman was credited with the loss after giving up four runs in the bottom of the ninth, including a two-run walk off home run with two outs on the board.
NM State scored its four runs in the top of the second inning after designated hitter Cody Edwards led off with a triple to right-field. Senior left fielder Tanner Waite got on base with a walk and third baseman Bobby Lecount picked up his 12 RBI of the year on a single down the left-field line that scored Edwards. Senior right fielder followed Lecount with an RBI double down the right-field line. Junior second baseman Parker Hipp would bring in the Aggies' final run on a sacrifice fly to left field that brought in Karraker.
The Aggies scored their four runs on seven hits, while Nebraska scored six runs on 11 hits. NM State used just two pitchers, while the Huskers went through seven pitchers with right-hander Pierce picking up his first win of the year.
NM State faces West Virginia at 10am (MT) in the Metrodome. Live stats are available on the Internet.


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Solar Power Basics
US Dept. of Energy/Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Video length: 3:57 min.Discuss this Resource»
Learn more about Teaching Climate Literacy and Energy Awareness»
Grade Level
Climate Literacy
About Teaching Climate Literacy
About Teaching Principle 1
Sunlight warms the planet
Other materials addressing 1a
Energy Literacy
Other materials addressing:
Economic security is impacted by energy choices.
7.1 Economic security.
Other materials addressing:
National security is impacted by energy choices.
7.2 National security.
Other materials addressing:
Environmental quality is impacted by energy choices.
7.3 Environmental quality.
Other materials addressing:
Humans transfer and transform energy from the environment into forms useful for human endeavors.
4.1 Humans transfer and transform energy.
Other materials addressing:
Electricity is usually generated in one of two ways.
4.5 Electricity generation.
Benchmarks for Science Literacy
Learn more about the Benchmarks
Explore the map of concepts related to this benchmark
Light and other electromagnetic waves can warm objects. How much an object's temperature increases depends on how intense the light striking its surface is, how long the light shines on the object, and how much of the light is absorbed.
Explore the map of concepts related to this benchmark
Energy from the sun (and the wind and water energy derived from it) is available indefinitely. Because the transfer of energy from these resources is weak and variable, systems are needed to collect and concentrate the energy.
Notes From Our Reviewers
The CLEAN collection is hand-picked and rigorously reviewed for scientific accuracy and classroom effectiveness.
Read what our review team had to say about this resource below or learn more about
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Teaching Tips | Science | Pedagogy |
Technical Details
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- While not comprehensive coverage of the subject, this video can be used as an introduction to the two primary ways solar energy is harnessed to generate electricity.
About the Science
- Describes how solar power is harnessed in simple and understandable terms.
- The video focuses on strengths of solar power but does not address limitations or weaknesses.
- Passed initial science review - expert science review pending.
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- Easy-to-understand narration and visuals about two types of solar energy technology. Applications of the technology are also discussed.
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- Can be used in conjunction with other CLEAN-selected solar energy activities and resources.
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RHYMEFEST On Prosperity Gospel, Authentic Christianity, and Joel Osteen (pt. 1 of 2)
A few months ago we posted a video from Rhymefest called "Prosperity" and asked you to let us know your thoughts about its content and message.
The general market MC has covered Christian themes and topics in his raps before, having co-authored Kanye West's "Jesus Walks" (which won a Grammy in 2005), so we thought we'd track him down and pursue a longer conversation about his faith, his motivation behind writing "Prosperity," and his experience with Christian hip hop. Add a comment


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This is a very easy and cheap tutorial that can be done with some basic tools.
You can use it as in the first part and get a more professional look by finishing it with a carbonfiber Di-Noc foil and some black paint if you want to...
If you'r looking to make one, you can simply adjust some stuff to your own preferences, this is how it worked out best for me.
It's a compact lightweight frame that I can take everywhere in my backpack to make more stable footage and I can add my LED light on it to make some footage at parties or in the dark.
The picture tutorial was made after I've finished the structure...so you'll see some holes where already drilled but it should be quite easy to follow my steps.
Step 2: Materials
- A Drill
- Drill 5mm, drill 10,5mm (you can use other drills if you use other nuts & bolts)
- Some measurement device
- Aluminum 15cm+13cm+15cm = 43cm (3cm width 2mm thick)
Aluminum 13cm+13cm+13cm = 39cm (3cm width 2mm thick)
- Some washers
- Nut & Bolt M10 (1cm width)
- 2 x 1/4" camera thread
- 2 rubber seals
Step 3: Measurements
Note: The Inner piece is measured as 13cm as well as the outer piece, this is not completely correct and is 13-(2x2mm) = 12,6cm.
Shouldn't you add some weight at some distance below the camera? That would really increase the stabilization effects.


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I'm in love with this idea, but I despise the flavor of jalapenos. Are they necessary for the flavor balance, or could I drop them?
Vietnamese Tofu Wraps
These flavorful wraps have all the bold flavors and textures of bahn-mi sandwiches, but without the French bread. This recipe is reprinted by permission from Quick-Fix Vegan: Healthy, Homestyle Meals in 30 Minutes or Less* by Robin Robertson © 2011.
Serves: 4
- 1 tablespoon neutral vegetable oil
- 1 pound extra-firm tofu, drained and cut into 1/4-inch strips
- 3 tablespoons hoisin sauce
- 2 tablespoons soy sauce
- 1 teaspoon sriracha (or other hot sauce), plus more for serving
- 4 (10-inch) flour tortillas or other flatbread
- Vegan mayonnaise
- 1 cucumber, peeled, seeded, and thinly sliced
- 1 carrot, shredded
- 1 cup fresh cilantro leaves
- 2 tablespoons chopped bottled jalapeños
Heat the oil in a skillet over medium heat. Add the tofu and cook until golden brown, turning frequently, 7 to 10 minutes. Add the hoisin, soy sauce, and the 1 teaspoon of sriracha, stirring gently to coat the tofu. Remove from the heat and set aside to cool.
To assemble the wraps, spread the tortillas with vegan mayo and drizzle with sriracha to taste. Arrange one quarter of the tofu strips down the center of each of the tortillas. Top with cucumber, carrot, cilantro, and jalapeños. Roll up each wrap tightly and serve at once.
Winner of the 2009 VegNews Veggie Awards, chef and consultant, Robin Robertson has written 20 other vegan and vegetarian cookbooks. In addition to Quick-Fix Vegan,* others include: Quick-fix Vegetarian** Party Vegan*, and . Her website, Global Vegan Kitchen, allows you to read about her books and see some sample recipes.
- See VegKitchen's selection of vegan sandwiches and wraps.
*This post contains affiliate links. If the product is purchased by linking through this review, VegKitchen receives a modest commission, which helps maintain our site and helps it to continue growing!
2 comments on "Vietnamese Tofu Wraps"


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Kepler-452b revolves around a sun much like our own.
Bespoke Cell Jackets
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Scientists make hydrogel coats for individual cells that can be tailored to specific research questions.
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Scientists make hydrogel coats for individual cells that can be tailored to specific research questions.
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Scientists create a way to isolate mRNA from a single living cell within a tissue.
March 1, 2014|
For the first time, researchers quantify the mechanical forces cells exert on one another.
December 1, 2013|
Researchers construct lipid-encapsulated compartments within synthetic cells.
September 1, 2013|
Visualizing specific epigenetic marks at single gene loci is now possible in individual cells.
August 1, 2013|
Cell-containing hydrogel shapes fit into a template to create an artificial tissue environment.
May 1, 2013|
Scientists create biocompatible, self-luminescing nanoparticles for in vivo imaging.
January 1, 2013|
Tracking the shadows cast by sperm reveals their precise 3-D movements.
December 1, 2012|
A precision microfluidic system enables single-cell analysis of growth and division.
November 1, 2012|
Two-tone fluorescent tags track the movement and life span of proteins within living cells.


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There are a variety of reasons why it's taken this long, none worth mentioning here. I'm taking a sort of different approach, though, which I hope will at least make it an interesting experience compared to the acoustic sadsacks that roll through all of the time.
I'm focusing on my strengths: I can play rhythm stuff fairly well, I have an ear for slightly oddball melodies, and I can draw from eclectic sources. So, here's what it's gonna look like:
- I'm playing everything on two instruments: electric guitar or accordion, the latter definitely something you don't see often.
- I'm using effect pedals, including a looper/delay pedal to loop together multiple parts.
- Some of the songs segue into each other. For instance, the first song is an accordion tune with very minimal lyrics, and it'll shift right into the second song with the help of some looped e-bow tracks on the looper pedal, and then the third song shifts in after that's done.
- I'm avoiding using the vague "you" that always happens in pop music. I'm still working on lyrics, but almost everything is in third person.
- I'm writing a song about a childhood friend of Bruce Springsteen, who watches the Boss grow up with admiration and loathing simultaneously.
- I'm not using a microphone, instead projecting as loud as I can. I might not even face the audience most of the time, since I get the jitters easily.


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