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MoveOn.org Blasts Senator Claire McCaskill for "Repeating Republican Talking Points"
Categories: Twitter
|McCaskill stumping for Obama last fall in St. Louis.
The group is sending out emails today to its Missouri members urging them to phone Sen. Claire McCaskill with the message: "stop repeating Republican talking points about clean energy."
According to MoveOn's email, McCaskill has stated recently on Twitter and radio that President Barack Obama's clean-energy bill is bad for the economy. Meanwhile, MoveOn.org argues that clean energy is the solution for Missouri's economy, not the problem.
The proposed legislation aside, what's most interesting about this (at least to the outside observer) is that McCaskill was one of the first Democrats on a national stage to endorse Obama and has remained a steadfast supporter.
Now to be called out like this by MoveOn.org? Seems pretty ruthless. But then, guess that's why they call it politics.
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Duke's Boone, Kelby Brown both game-time decisions for Navy
Anthony Boone's return from injury to Duke's lineup is closer than ever.
The broken right collarbone he suffered on Sept. 7 at Memphis has healed and he's been throwing and practicing on a limited basis for more than two weeks.
He's close enough to good health that Duke coach David Cutcliffe said Thursday that Boone is considered questionable to play for the Blue Devils against Navy on Saturday (12:30 p.m., WRAL).
Cutcliffe said will go through strength testing Friday (Oct. 11), as well as a game-like practice, and a determination on whether the redshirt junior quarterback can play will be made prior to game time Saturday.
"We'll really see what he looks like," Cutcliffe said. "It will be as much of a game atmosphere as you can. We'll know a little more. Then you have to decide does he feel good about it."
Duke's starting quarterback entering the season, Boone has increased his workload in practice over the last two weeks without any physical setbacks.
"This is his best week," Cutcliffe said. "I saw him (Thursday) morning after the work that we put him through (on Wednesday). He was in good spirits, up early and in there getting in that clinical work. He's still in therapy and will be in some form of therapy for a while.
"It's safety and effectiveness that I'm looking at. Safety first."
Boone hasn't played since being injured in the first half at Memphis. Brandon Connette took over and threw two fourth-quarter touchdown passes as the Blue Devils won 28-14.
While the diagnosis left Boone out indefinitely, the broken bone on his throwing side wasn't bad enough to require surgery. Now, five weeks later, he's on the cusp of a return far earlier than anyone would have guessed when the injury occurred.
Scans of his collarbone, which is on his throwing side, show it has healed properly. But Boone still must pass what Cutcliffe called clinical exams, which involve testing his strength to ensure the chances of re-injury are as minimal as possible.
Connette has started in Boone's place at quarterback and is set to start regardless of what decision is made about Boone's status.
Over his play against Memphis and his three starts in place of Boone, Connette has completed 70 of 109 passes (64 percent) for 967 yards with nine touchdowns and five interceptions.
Cutcliffe said Connette has played well enough that he'll be included in the offensive game plan one way or another even after Boone returns.
Also Thursday, Cutcliffe said starting linebacker Kelby Brown is questionable to play against Navy and, like Boone, will be a game-time decision.
Brown suffered a lower leg injury on Sept. 21 against Pittsburgh and missed Duke's 38-31 win over Troy on Sept. 28. He made steady progress toward a return while the Blue Devils had an open week.
But with Navy running an option offense that calls for its linemen to cut block, Cutcliffe is concerned with exposing Brown to a hit that could exacerbate the injury.
"Against this style of offense, if he can't protect himself, he can't play," Cutcliffe said. "It's about his mobility — if he can play and protect himself. If he feels pretty good but he's not mobile, then he becomes a target."
Kyler Brown, Kelby's brother who also plays linebacker, will not play against Navy because of a leg injury.
That means C.J. France, David Helton and Deion Williams will get the snaps at linebacker.
Safety Dwayne Norman is set to return to the starting lineup after missing the Troy game with a leg injury. Freshman wide receiver Johnell Barnes, who has a fractured hand, will not play against Navy, Cutcliffe said.
That means redshirt freshman DeVon Edwards will handle Duke's main kick return duties.
Duke will get reserve defensive end Michael Mann back for the first time in over a month on Saturday. Sidelined with an upper body injury, Mann hasn't played since the season-opening win over N.C. Central on Aug. 31.
He's listed as probable Saturday.


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Join author Brian Trifon as he shows how to improve music and audio productions using virtual instruments in Logic Pro. This course tours the program's virtual instruments, including the ES2 hybrid synthesizer, Sculpture physical modeling synthesizer, EFM1 FM synthesizer, the EVOC 20 vocoder, the Ultrabeat drum synthesizer, and the EXS24 sampler, and shows how to achieve various effects with each instrument's parameters. The course also covers working with oscillators and filters, understanding signal flow, creating custom synthesizer patches, adding effects, synthesizing speech, creating a library of custom sound samples, and much more.
Virtual Instruments with Logic Pro will be updating on a monthly basis, eventually covering all the virtual instruments in the application. Look for the latest movies here and on the lynda.com blog.
One of the most unique and compelling features of Ultrabeat's Step Sequencer is the Step Edit mode. So let's check that out. So I am going to turn on the Step Sequencer. So you can just hit play. We've got our pattern. Now if I hit this button here to change it from Voice mode to Step Edit, you can see that everything has this yellow glow around it. Those are all of the parameters that we can offset. So we can sequence the parameter offsets. So I've got out kick drum selected, and so I am just going to select the first step here. I am going to offset the amount of saturation on this kick drum.
So I will just drag on saturation. You can see it offsets it. For the next step, for step 5 here, I'll do another offset. I can just do it right here in the step grid, or if I want, I can do it up top. So I can adjust its saturation. So go through and add some of these, and let's listen to what that sounds like. (music playing) Now, go ahead and solo this kick drum. (music playing) So we can hear it has different amounts of saturation for each note. So let's offset another parameter.
We can offset the slope. So let's try that. So I am just going to go ahead and turn the Slope knob a little bit. So when I adjust the Slope parameter, you can see that now in the parameter offset, it says Slope, and my saturation offset has disappeared. But, I can always go back and access them through this menu here. So I can select saturation. So let me do some more Slope offsets. So I will do that on step 1, on step 5, 9, 13. So notice it can either be a positive or negative offset.
So if I already have the value set at 0, so initially, in my synthesizer settings, then giving it a negative offset isn't going to do anything. That's why I am giving all these positive offsets. All right! So let's hear that. (music playing) So this is the combination of Slope offset and Saturation offset. Now, if I only want to hear Slope offset, I can mute and solo it right here. So I will just hit Solo. (music playing) So we are now just hearing the Slope offset; and if I unsolo it, we're hearing both; or I can just mute the Slope. (music playing) So now we would only be hearing the saturation offset.
If I decide that I don't want the Slope offsets, I can just hit the Reset button right here. There it is! It's cleared. So, now one thing to keep in mind is that if I need to make a change to the Synthesizer section in Ultrabeat, I need to put it back in the Voice mode. So when I'm in Step Edit mode, anything I adjust is just going to be a Parameter offset. So I have to go to the Voice mode to actually make any permanent change. So it ends up a lot of time when you're creating sounds in Step-Edited patterns that you're going to be switching back and forth quite a bit. Another thing to keep in mind is that when I'm in the Voice mode--and let's just solo and play--you don't hear any of my step edits.
So we are not hearing the Saturation and Slope offset at all. So in order to hear that, I have to be in Step Edit mode. (music playing) So if we go back to Voice mode for a moment, also notice that for this voice one that says kick drum, I can tell that I have Step Edit information in that sequence because this sequence, this little SQ right here, is yellow. So that's telling me that I have Step Edit or Parameter offsets for that particular voice. So I like our Saturation offset that we have here.
I think that sounds good. (music playing) I think it sounds good with the pattern too. (music playing) So that sounds cool! So now if I want to transfer this pattern to Logic's arrangement, what I want to do is make sure that I'm in Step Edit mode. What happens is if I'm in Voice mode and I transfer this pattern to the arrangement, it's not going to have all of my offsets. So I'm making sure I am in Step mode and then I click on this Pattern button right here and then just drag to the arrangement. There we go! And I will just close this for a moment.
We will set the locators and I will hit play. (music playing) So now we can hear we have those offsets. Actually, we are probably getting double voices now, because what I am going to want to do is just turn off the Step Sequencer. There we go! (music playing) Because what happens is if I have this MIDI information in Logic's Arrange and it's also in the Step Sequencer and the Step Sequencer is on and playing, then I'm hearing it twice, because it's being triggered by Logic's Arrange and by the Step Sequencer.
So you can always go ahead and just turn off the Step Sequencer. I can put it back in Voice mode. Then it's just the arrangement that's controlling it. (music playing) Now that we've explored how the step- sequence parameter offsets in the Step Edit mode, in the next video, let's explore how we can use the side chain input to process audio through the Step Sequencer.
There are currently no FAQs about Virtual Instruments in Logic Pro.
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The mood and temper of the public with regard to the treatment of crime and criminals
is the most unfailing test of the civilization of any country (Sir Winston Churchill)
Welcome to the academic discipline of criminal justice, an interdisciplinary, liberal arts field of study that began in the late 1920s when August Vollmer and others convinced the University of California to offer courses on the subject. Vollmer was a police chief in Berkeley, California, and is considered the founder of the discipline. One might refer to these early years (1930-50) as the "Police Science Era" since policing was the main focus. Vollmer's work was carried on throughout the U.S. by a number of proteges such as O.W. Wilson, William Wiltberger, and V. A. Leonard. For many years, undergraduate education in criminal justice mostly followed a Wiltbergian model which emphasized police-oriented specializations. Criminology, an older 19th century discipline, was quickly embraced by police scientists until criminology became dominated by sociology in the 1940s. However, then as now, the only course criminal justice usually borrows from another discipline is the methods of research (or statistics) course. Doing so has helped to add scientific rigor and research directions.
During the late 1960s and early 70s, in the so-called "great transformation" which made college education accessible to most Americans, the focus of criminal justice broadened dramatically. It was one of the first majors installed in community colleges across the nation. At four-year schools, it was one of many programs (along with military science) that students protested against at college campuses across America. Subsequently, courses in criminal justice (as well as criminology) fell into the hands of Sociology or Political Science departments during the 1960s (and some are still "encapsulated" in such fields). All that changed around 1974 when the federal government subsidized colleges and universities (to the tune of about $100,000 apiece) to start financial aid (LEEP) and research programs (LEAA) for the study of criminal justice. Many police-oriented programs remained part of the country's community college system, but over 600 four-year colleges created new liberal arts-based criminal justice curricula or programs of study. Today, criminal justice is well-established as a broad-based academic discipline, with over 1500 Associate (2-year) degree programs, 900 Bachelors (4-year) degree programs, 90 Masters (2-year) degree programs, and 18 Ph.D. (3-year) programs.
Criminal justice is the study of criminal (penal) law, social control, constitutional law, criminal procedure and evidence, criminology, victimology, components that make up the loose array of institutions and activities we call a system (policing, courts, corrections, and community services), politics, and the idealistic notion of "truth in action" we call administration of justice. Each area of study is equally important, and will be explained briefly. A penal law is one that has a provision for punishment. Hence, we are primarily concerned with laws that legislators pass which have penalties. Social control involves the range of pressures brought to bear on people to establish conformity. It can range from customs and folkways (dirty looks) to norms and mores (more aggressive responses to deviants). Constitutional law is the study of that balancing act between public order and individual rights, since a constitution is, after all, a contract between a society and the individual. Criminal procedure and evidence point to the notion of justice as both process and outcome. Justice as process means treating people fairly; justice as outcome means giving people what they deserve. Criminology and Victimology have long had a separate academic base, and best represent the infusion of interdisciplinary content. The system components (sometimes called the three Cs: Cops, Courts, and Corrections - although "cops" is a pejorative word) form the basis of cultural literacy in the field. Politics is what criminal justice is inseparably linked to, from decisions about what should be considered "crime" to policy analysis of crime control legislation. Administration of justice is the study of workplace and organizational factors along with a focus on ethical and discretionary decision-making (justice in action).
More definitions exist, and the problem, of course, is that justice means different things to different people. A victim of crime would be interested in outcome (punishment, desert, retribution, or getting even). A person accused of crime would be interested in process, and want to be treated fairly and impartially. True justice is, in fact, both process and outcome, or as Schmidtz (2006) puts it, a constellation of elements (desert, reciprocity, equality, and need) that exhibit a certain degree of integration and unity that help us to map the universe. Indeed, justice is many things, any many people simply want to believe in a just world where it all "works out," and they receive due appreciation (equity) for their efforts, abilities, or needs. If one consults a dictionary, one finds such terms as righteousness and honorableness (making the sublime out of the profane), truthfulness (never lying), fairness (impartiality or neutrality), and scrupulousness (attention to detail). Given such noble and idealistic definitions, one might easily ask if it is indeed possible or realistic to establish "justice for all?"
A related term, justice studies, can be looked at several ways. I prefer to look at it as bridging the gap between the real and ideal, by implementing as many types of justice as possible in this world. My preferences overlap, however, with the concerns of other justice conceptions. Social justice, for example, embraces aspects of civilized life, cultural beliefs about right and wrong, fundamental relationships of human dignity, and ideals of personal and societal development. Since I technically have a Masters in Social Justice, allow me to expand on that a bit.
Definitions of Social Justice
|While both "justice studies" and "social justice" are concerned with the fulfillment of human potential, social justice, at its core, is devoted to equalization of relationships between all people. That may sound a little like some communist utopia where citizens call everyone else "comrade" but social justice is NOT about that at all. It's not even the same as the justice as fairness approach championed by John Rawls (1971). Social justice is the basis of international law, at least according to the Treaty of Versailles of 1919. In modern criminal justice, social justice is infused in police ethics, criminology, terrorism understanding, homeland security, constitutional and civil lawsuits, and a number of other places, but essentially the problem is that there are some who argue that it can only be achieved at the individual level, one-by-one, as the police in society are entrusted to do, OR if social justice can only be achieved at the institutional level, by rearranging the institutions of society to accomplish greater participation from ALL segments of the electorate toward justice as parity (the sameness of value and worth), assuming greater participation is done in an equitable way which means in social settings governed by socially acceptable norms. The main goal is greater fulfillment of a happy life and the satisfaction of being an active contributor to one's community. A list of structural reforms that are usually associated with social justice include: education, healthcare, taxation, regulations, labor rights, and equal opportunity.
Civil justice concerns itself with private relationships, contractual obligations, equality of treatment, and ideal remedies that reflect a basic understanding of right and wrong. Civil justice and social justice have in common the desire to avoid gross inequalities of outcome. I could go on an on, but suffice it to say there are many, many conceptions of justice, mostly revolving around the notions of equality (measurability), equity (the smell, taste, or feel of justice), fairness (sportsmanship), and blindness (dispassionateness), to name a few. One might easily ask if criminal justice can even be achieved in the absence of social and civil justice? Some good reads on this topic are Lakoff (2002), Crank (2003), and Owen et al. (2011). In fact, borrowing from Lakoff (2002), here's a good list of all the different models of JUSTICE AS FAIRNESS (which is a conception originating in the philosophy of John Rawls and in large part concerned with the question of how to distribute things of value):
1) Equal distribution: one child, one cookie
2) Equal opportunity: one person, one raffle ticket
3) Procedural distribution: Playing by the rules determines what you get
4) Rights-based fairness: You get what you have a right to
5) Need-based fairness: The more you need, the more you have a right to
6) Scalar distribution: The more you work, the more you get
7) Contractual distribution: You get what you agree to
8) Equal distribution of responsibility: We share the burden equally
9) Scalar distribution of responsibility: The greater your abilities, the greater your responsibilities
10)Equal distribution of power: one person, one vote
There are many ways to model or represent the process of criminal justice in America. Models exist with as few as eight steps in them and as many as fifteen steps. Here, we use a ten-step model to be consistent with most textbooks. There are also different ways to diagram the criminal justice system. Some sources have diagrams that look like a big machine gun with multiple barrels, and others utilize what looks like a multi-layered wedding cake or a funnel turned sideways. Regardless of the model chosen, it's important to remember that these are more analytical tools than a reflection of reality. The purpose is to try and present the loose array of multi-jurisdictional agencies, institutions, and procedures ("non-system") as an aggregate, comprehensive whole ("system"). Admittedly, the notion of a coordinated, perfectly harmonious system is more fiction than reality.
1. INVESTIGATION and ARREST -- The process begins with the police discovering something or having it discovered for them. This is known as proactive or reactive policing, respectively. Most policing is reactive, with the police diligently following up, or probing, the truthfulness of any allegations or complaints. Someone becomes a "subject" of investigation when they are someone police are looking into, and someone becomes a "target" of investigation when it is likely they will be charged with a crime. Although there are special procedures for when somebody formally becomes a "suspect", all investigative procedures at this level are characterized by suspicion. Police always work up from a state of being naturally suspicious. That's what police do. When they arrest somebody, they have worked up to probable cause. There are many constitutional safeguards at this step of the process, but nobody questions the right of police to investigate and make arrests.
2. BOOKING -- This is a part of the process that involves custody, detainment, deprivation of liberty, and other personal intrusions, up to and including body cavity searches. Someone is "booked" when their picture and fingerprints are taken. An administrative record is made of the arrest, and it's at this step of the process when the suspect finds out the details of what they are being charged with and fills out a form that they have been advised of their rights. This step is characterized by accuracy of identification and records. Interrogation and confession can also occur at this stage.
3. FIRST APPEARANCE -- Within hours of being booked, suspects are either brought before a magistrate, have their cases heard before a magistrate, or have the going rate determined by a magistrate, all for the purpose of setting the amount of bail. Bail bondsmen and appointed counsel also become initially involved at this step, depending upon a person's financial circumstances. This step is characterized by something that makes the justice system look bad - how much money a person has.
4. PRELIMINARY HEARING -- The purpose of a prelim is for a hearing judge to look into the probable cause that police used and determine if jacked-up probable cause exists for continuing with legal proceedings. A hearing judge considers the sufficiency of evidence, whether a nexus, or connection, exists between the statutory elements of the crime and what police say the person did, and whether the proper jurisdiction exists. This step is characterized by discovery and disclosure, which means that a number of people share information about the suspect in their respective advocacy roles (prosecution, defense). It's the step one often hears about in terms of the myth that the case is thrown out if the suspect shows up and the police do not (the truth is it depends upon the evidence and presentation of witnesses). Upon completion of this step, a suspect has either cleared themself, is declared incompetent to stand trial, or formally becomes a defendant for trial.
5. INFORMATION or INDICTMENT -- The word information refers to a form the prosecutor files with a court to declare his or her intention to prosecute the case. An information is only filed upon completion of a successful preliminary hearing. A prosecutor also has the option (and is required in some states) to go before a Grand jury, which is best seen as a standing committee of honorable citizens. Defendants and their attorneys are not allowed in Grand jury proceedings, and any majority vote by the Grand jury to proceed with prosecution is known as a True bill, resulting in a different form, called an indictment, filed with a court. As a general rule, felonies are usually handled by indictments and misdemeanors by information. This step is characterized by power, as it should be obvious that prosecutors have an enormous amount of resources and decision-making authority at this point.
6. ARRAIGNMENT -- This is the first public appearance of the defendant in open court, a court that has the jurisdiction to conduct a trial. The accused must stand and listen as the indictment or information is read, although they should have already been given a copy. Their identification is confirmed, and they are asked if they have been informed of the charges and their legal rights. The judge may also inquire as to whether the defendant has legal counsel, and why or why not, but this is not required and many judges prefer not to go into it. An arraignment is generally a brief process where the judge only wants to hear one of three things: guilty, not guilty, or no-contest (nolo contendere, an admission of guilt that cannot be used as an admission of guilt in civil justice). This is known as the plea, and the defendant must utter one of those with no room for explanation or elaboration. If the defendant pleads guilty or no-contest, they are sentenced on the spot. If they plead not guilty, or give the court any static, they are scheduled for trial and/or ordered to undergo psychiatric evaluation. A defendant who stands mute has a plea of not guilty entered on their behalf. Most defendants will have had their defense attorney arrange a plea bargain beforehand, so that the act of pleading guilty is openly noted as a negotiated plea to which the judge has or does not have prior knowledge of, but in all cases must consent to. Some 90% of all criminal cases are resolved with plea bargains, but they can't go on at the last minute during arraignment. A judge can reject a plea of guilty if they think it was made under duress, non-intelligently, or if the bargain is too last-minute or lenient. This step of the process is characterized by speed.
7. ADJUDICATION -- This is an open or closed trial in which matters of fact and law are examined for the purpose of reaching a judgment of conviction or acquittal. A jury is usually the trier of fact (did they do it) and the judge the trier of law (admissibility of evidence and penalties). Less serious offenses don't require a jury, and even in serious cases (if state law allows), the defendant can waive his or her right to a jury trial. Such proceedings are called bench trials where the judge serves as both trier of fact and law. The adjudication stage is ruled by strict rules of procedure, evidence, and precedent. An adversarial system is also adhered to where both sides (prosecution, defense) argue vociferously within boundaries set by professional ethics. The standard for conviction is beyond a reasonable doubt. This step is characterized by being enormously expensive, time-consuming, and stressful. There are many salaries to be paid. Private attorneys, for example, make $800 an hour for time spent in the courtroom (public defenders make less, about $40 an hour). Add DNA testing or forensic analysis, and each modern trial in America easily costs millions of dollars.
8. SENTENCING -- This is a hearing held after a judgment of conviction where a judge imposes some form of punishment. Prior to this hearing, the judge may order a presentence investigation on the defendant's family history, economic circumstances, emotional state, social background, and criminal history. A judge has considerable discretion in sentencing, although some state and federal laws now place limits on that discretion. Offenders found guilty on more than one charge can serve sentences consecutively (one at a time) or concurrently (all at the same time). Sentencing is also used to order court costs and victim reparations be paid by the offender. Many sentences are appealed, but the appeals process is complex. This step is characterized by the court's desire to settle everything.
9. CORRECTIONS -- This is the process of doing time in prison, being classified according to local procedures, being housed in an appropriate facility, and being assigned to an adequate treatment program. Also called institutional corrections, prisons are generally places characterized by violence, overcrowded conditions, and minimal opportunities for treatment. There are no luxuries, and prison life is becoming less and less attractive with the elimination of privileges like smoking, cable TV, weightlifting, boxing, and martial arts. At a cost of about $25,000 per year to house and feed two million inmates, corrections today is a relative bargain.
10. PROBATION and PAROLE -- Not all convicted persons wind up in prison, and most of those that do eventually get released back into the community. Traditionally, probation occurs as an alternative to prison and parole as a form of supervision after prison, but things such as shock probation (a taste of prison life before probation) and shock parole (a taste of prison life after parole) have become commonplace. Also called community corrections, probation and parole involve monitoring readjustment to society under strict rules or conditions. Violators of those conditions are called technical violators, and those kind of violators far outnumber the few who commit new crimes while out in the community. A large number of people are on probation or parole. Adding them to the correctional count (calling it the number under some form of correctional care) comes out to about 6 million.
Although criminal justice is primarily a state and local
function that (judicially) processes about one million people (felons) a year,
the practice of it is severely constrained by the U.S. Constitution,
particularly the first ten amendments known as the Bill of Rights. These are
not ideals, but fundamental rights guaranteed to each and every individual.
They are best seen as due process rights, which is a matter of procedural
fairness. From time to time, the Supreme Court clarifies, expands, or retracts
these rights. They are as follows:
|Right to be assumed innocent
until proven guilty
Right against unreasonable searches & seizures
Right against arrest without probable cause
Right against self-incrimination
Right to fair questioning by police
Right to protection from physical harm throughout the process
Right to an attorney
Right to trial by jury
|Right to know the charges
Right to cross-examine witnesses
Right to speak and present witnesses
Right not to be tried twice for same offense
Right against cruel & unusual punishment
Right to due process
Right to speedy trial
Right against excessive bail & fines
Right to be treated the same as others
The notion of due process (as individual rights) is in constant tension with the notion of crime control (as individual responsibility). One of the first to point this out was Herbert Packer in his 1968 book, The Limits of the Criminal Sanction, published by Stanford University Press. It remains a definitive work in the field. It's mentioned in all the introductory textbooks; it's mentioned in class by many instructors; analysis of it is commonly given out as assignments; and professors wish more students would grasp Packer's ideas. However, this 385-page book is hard to find and hard to read, so here's my review of it.
[Review of Packer's crime control model]: Packer starts out
explaining that he's an utilitarian and not a retributivist. This means he's
more concerning with preventing crime than with punishing criminals. He also
doesn't believe in rehabilitation. He believes in limiting the reach of the law
to observable conduct and offenses where there are clear examples of moral and
secular outrage on the part of the community. He offers drug offenses, the
crimes of attempt, conspiracy, and solicitation (inchoate offenses), and the
insanity defense as examples of "hands-off" areas in criminal justice. He
analyzes the "strain" on the system (as he calls it) of using the criminal
sanction indiscriminately. He proposes that no law be passed unless it can be
enforced even-handedly, his favorite example (p. 289) being the "St. Patrick's
Day Effect," where police concentrate in one area (the parade route) while the
criminals are active in another area. It's in this context that he presents his
model of criminal justice as caught up in the conflicting, dual goals of crime
control and due process which is only resolved at the practitioner level. At
this level, it's a philosophy or attitude of ambivalence (sometimes you feel
like a "tough" and sometimes you don't), and it's this attitude that criminal
justice professors wish their students would pick up. Working in criminal
justice is like that, being part angel and being part devil, at times not
knowing which part is right, but knowing both parts anyway. Packer outlined
polar ends of the spectrum, the point being that regardless of how much society
embraces either end during its pendulum swing, it's the human practitioners of
justice who make remain balanced and make both values operative in real life.
The pendulum swing, which occurs at the macro-societal level, is the notion of
public sentiment or mood moving back and forth along a continuum, because
whenever you have impossible ideals as endpoints, you always see societies go
thru some cyclic, back-and-forth process.
The customary representation of Packer's endpoints is as follows:
(assembly-line justice)
(obstacle-course justice):
|Efficiency (of operation)
|Error (possibility of mistake)
|Magnitude (speed and finality)
|Quality control (no emphasis on finality)
|Expertness (few restrictions on fact finding)
|Skepticism (moral, utilitarian restrictions)
|Factual guilt (we know you did it)
|Legal guilt (prove it in a court of law)
|Presumption of guilt (a mood of confidence)
|Presumption of innocence (a mood of doubt)
More than anything, Packer would like to see a mood of equality, an even-handed embracing of the need for crime control (the necessity of efficiency) and a sensitivity to claims of injustice (everyone with their day of justice). If we take away the right to air one's side of the story (even for criminals we know are manipulating) and have no skepticism in our minds about the morality of it all, we risk jeopardizing the whole set of fundamental freedoms and constitutional guarantees that we all want to enjoy. That is what makes the criminal justice system so special, and that is what makes those who work in it the guardians of civil and human rights.
It is sometimes said the U.S. has 51 criminal justice systems, one for each state and a federal one (Walker 1998). There are a total of about 50,000 agencies in federal, state, and local government that serve criminal justice functions. Most of these are police agencies, employing about 940,000 people with annual expenditures of $53 billion. Second in size is corrections, employing about 650,000 people at $41 billion. Ranking third in size are the courts, employing about 75,000 people at $26 billion.
The field of private security employs about 2 million people at an annual cost of $104 billion. America's private law enforcement system has always been twice the size of public law enforcement, and it's growing at a faster rate. The field of national security employs an undisclosed number of people across 56 different intelligence agencies. The field of forensic science is also rapidly growing, as each state and large local authority has its own forensic laboratory, in addition to the 120 private labs and the chain of state, federal, and private psychiatric hospitals.
The variety of job titles in CJ is amazing. It makes little sense to ask if criminal justice is a "growth industry" as it always is. Visit the Bureau of Labor Statistics Employment Projections to find out the hiring and salary trends at least five years into the future. This site will also give you information about qualifications and job responsibilities. Every college student, faculty, and administrator ought to bookmark this site.
For criminal justice job descriptions, visit my Employment Mega-Site. Be careful in looking for federal job information. Use free sites like Government Jobs or the federal government itself, and it's a good idea to familiarize yourself with the federal applications like form OF-612. Most job-seekers have a copy of OF-612 downloaded, filled out, and are constantly editing and updating it. Specialized sites exist for the Courts and Corrections, but not many. One devoted to finding paralegal and legal assistant work is The Legal Employment Search Site. For jobs in the corrections field, The Corrections Connection Career Center is darn good. Super-Sites in Forensic Science include: Carpenter's Forensic Science Resources, Zeno's Forensic Page.
The average level of education among criminal justice workers is only 2.5 years of college according to LEMAS (Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics) data from the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), but that average is rising. If you are in a 4-year college program and get the urge or opportunity to quit school and work in the system, my advice is don't do it. Stay in school. Although you won't need a 4-year or graduate degree for most careers in CJ (unlike other fields like psychology or sociology where you'll almost need a Masters or Doctorate), the educational requirements are rising. Studies have found that college-educated workers have enhanced written and verbal skills, are better able to communicate effectively with the public (especially minority groups), are less likely to have disciplinary problems, generate fewer citizen complaints, and are more likely to be promoted than their less-educated peers. Supervisors often report their more educated employees to be more reliable, flexible, and exhibit more initiative in job performance. Citizens report that educated workers in CJ excel in the use of good judgment and problem solving.
Doctorates and doctoral programs in CJ are vastly needed. There's a real shortage of criminal justice professors. See Dr. O'Connor's Graduate School Mega-Site for links to all the grad schools and practical advice on going this far with your education. Links there are also provided for law Schools and graduate programs in homeland security. Every year at about any given time (although the main hiring seasons are March and November), there are about 300 criminal justice professor vacancies open. Many of these go unfilled because no one has the right credentials, as is a problematic situation in almost every profession. Education is sometimes seen by practitioners as superfluous, and training is sometimes seen by educators as kindergardenish. Despite all its problems and prospects, criminal justice is a growth area with an urgent need for good people.
Bohm, R. & K. Haley. (2002). Introduction to criminal justice. Woodland Hills, CA: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill.
Crank, J. (2003). Imagining justice. Cincinnati: Anderson.
Cullen, F. (1995). "Fighting back: Criminal justice as an academic discipline." ACJS Today Jan./Feb: 1-3.
Kappeler, V. et. al. (2002). The mythology of crime and criminal justice. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland.
Lakoff, G. (2002). Moral politics. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press.
Macintyre, A. (1988). Whose justice? Which rationality? Notre Dame: Univ. of Notre Dame Press.
Miller, D. (2001). Principles of social justice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press.
Morn, F. (1995). Academic politics and the history of criminal justice education. Westport, CT: Greenwood.
Owen, S., Fradella, H., Burke, T. & Joplin, J. (2011). Foundations of criminal justice. NY: Oxford.
Packer, H. (1968). The limits of the criminal sanction. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford Univ. Press.
Rawls, J. (1971). A theory of justice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press.
Reiman, J. (1998). The rich get richer and the poor get prison. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Robinson, M. (2002). Justice blind. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Samaha, J. (2005). Criminal justice. Stamford, CT: Cengage.
Schmalleger, F. (2003). Criminal justice today. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Schmidtz, D. (2006). Elements of justice. NY: Cambridge Univ. Press.
Walker, S. (1998). Sense and nonsense about crime and drugs. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Last updated: Apr. 3, 2014
Not an official webpage of APSU, copyright restrictions apply, see Megalinks in Criminal Justice
O'Connor, T. (2014). "What is Criminal Justice?" MegaLinks in Criminal Justice. Retrieved from http://www.drtomoconnor.com/1010/1010lect01.htm.


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Lesha Woodward is the new Director of Theatre Arts at Sulphur Springs High School. She has already selected a musical production to do this fall. It's Shrek the Musical. Drama students will be auditioning for roles next week. Ms. Woodward says she has never directed this musical before. She says expect the sets and costumes to be visually interesting. Superintendent Michael Lamb and High School Principal Josh Williams are hoping to get roles in the production.
By Don Julian, KSST News and Sports Director
By Doug Haston, KSST Videographer


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Welcome back to Pass it to Weise, the hockey blog that, no thanks to this unbelievably stupid lockout, has descended almost exclusively into updates about Dale Weise's tour of duty in the Netherlands. Brace yourself for another white-knuckle ride!
Obviously, we wish it hadn't come to this, both because Dale Weise isn't exactly the most compelling Canuck and also because making this much fun of the comparative mediocrity of Netherlands hockey isn't making us any friends over at the IJS Hockey Forum, a Dutch message board. (We see you talking about us, Joep Meijsen, and thanks to Google Translate, we even have a vague, choppy understanding of what you're saying.)
But it cannot be helped. Weise is basically the only Canuck doing anything besides working out, and Jason Botchford has already written the definitive "the Canucks are working out" article. Plus, we do find it more than a little amusing what a big deal Weise is over there, not to mention how thoroughly he's dominating the Dutch League, which appears to be about a step up from the Vatican Hockey League (where the team that has the pope usually wins because you're not allowed to hit him, and the pope has mad dangles).
I mean, heck, here's yet another documentary crew following Weise around as he does mundane tasks like gather groceries and try on hats.
What can we take away from this video? Not too much. We learn that Weise appears to make a distinction between bananas and fruit, which is concerning. We finally get confirmation that the cabbie hat he's always sporting is indeed his favourite hat. And, like his last short feature for a news organization, Weise reiterates his still-horrifying, complete inability to find a major European country on a map.
You really shouldn't take maps for granted, Weise. Some people don't have maps.
But, in all fairness to Dale Weise, while he may not be delivering the entertainment in these fluffy Dutch documentaries, he's undeniably delivering it on the ice. He's up to 15 points in 6 games now, and he is consistently the best player on the ice. Seriously, watch this shift that leads to a Weise goal during a game versus the Geleen Eaters.
That spin move is slick.
But, lest you think all this time as a skill guy will have Weise forgetting how to play the role of the tough guy — a role he'll be expected to resume, or potentially even compete for once he returns to Vancouver – opponent Jeffrey Martens learned the hard way that Weise still remembers how to punch.
Yesterday we touched on a fight Weise got into in his most recent game, and lamented that there was no video. But video has since surfaced, at least of the fight's aftermatch, when Weise does a little showboating for the excited crowd:
This guy is just full of confidence right now.
I can't wait until the next time he encounters Shawn Thornton. You don't want to mess with me, Thornton. Did you see what I did to Jeffrey Martens? THAT COULD HAVE BEEN YOU.
All right. We promise this will be the last Dale-Weise-in-the-Netherlands update for awhile, for two reasons. Even we're sick of it, for one. Furthermore, unless I'm reading the schedule wrong, the Trappers have a 19-day layoff before their next game on November 23rd. Holy cow.
Considering the progress being made in CBA talks, Weise's last game may very well have been his last game in the Netherlands. I'm sure he'll be missed.Tags: Dale Weise in the netherlands
It's pretty sad when an NHLer like Weiss pretends to win a fight in the Netherlands after he jumps a guy when the only punch he lands is when he suckers the guy have he tackles him to the ice like a rugby player. You got your head split open and you were icing you hand after. Martens completely fine after. Not one mark on him….I know you are trying to save yourself from further embarrassment but come on.
Weise is obviously an idiot, HE CAN'T FIND THE NETHERLANDS ON A MAP!!!! Did he grow up in a cave? Seriously, that is amazingly ignorant. Oddly enough, his simplicity is starting to grow on me. I actually want to see another Weise video just to hear some more simple ramblings. I'm fascinated by his simplicity. I mean, if you moved somewhere, wouldn't you want to find out where it is (probably beforehand)? I would, but not Weise, NOT EVEN AFTER 5 DAYS!!! He's truly special. Way to go PITB! Amazing speculation in your last Weise article on the Weise hat front, it really is his favourite! Man, Weise is just funny
Am I the only one who doesn't mind finding out more about Weise? I mean, we don't know much about the guy. He doesn't even have a decent nickname! Weise's Pieces?
I tried to think up a nickname for Weise earlier today, and I came up with "(U R Not) Weise," because he wears the number 32, and the Playstation was 32-bit, and had the slogan "U R Not E," and "E" sounds like "Weise," and I sure do miss hockey.
I did not see mentioned anywhere here that Dale can't keep his mouth shut against referees either, the last 2 games he only had 2 points but did accumulate a nice 37 mins in penalties. ( including a 2 games automatic suspention for the match penalty he got for the mentioned fight )
Here's a nickname for him … Holiday-Player…
Ask the former NHL star Guy Lafleur about dutch hockey when he got levelled by a great hit from a dutch d-men. I'm really surprised that so called "fans" from the team you play for are so negative and denigrating about one of their own players. Says a lot about the vancouver mentality. Glad i'm living in the netherlands!!
I'm glad you Canadians have a little laugh about our hockey league, but hé, in our hockey league they are still playing… And don't make a mistake, we know very well our place in the world of hockey and still love to watch this game every week even if its not on your -fantastic high- level.
We're not that sensitive over here. Yes, we know, we have a little hockeyleague here, but we're playing hockey.
Dale Weise was big news in Tilburg, a city in the southern part of the Netherlands. Although, nobody ever heard of Weise before he got in touch with Tilburg, it was like Elvis came to town! Weise is not dominating the league, first time he played with Tilburg against a real competitor, he scored no points, and the only thing the crowd was screaming about was his fight with another Canadian. His team lost 0-5, and all Weise could do was watch. And yes, he can do that for the next 2 games, because a match in the Netherlands is an automatic suspension of two games.
We are sure, in Canada you want to help hockey develop in the world. So please, if the lockout continues, send us a bunch of really good players,
I would love to see hockey get big all across the world and I love watching lower-level hockey here in Canada, so I'm sure I would love watching it in the Netherlands. But it is a little humorous that a borderline fourth-liner in the NHL is being treated like, well, Elvis in the Netherlands. You have to admit, that is a little bit funny.
Maybe I'm over-thinking this, but I just assumed the snarky tone of these articles are a bit of dark humour lamenting the lack of NHL news. I am sad to see that this is turning into bad feelings when I suspect that Dale Weise himself is enjoying the attention and ribbing (an important part of hockey culture, along with mild-hotdogs).
FWIW, I am enjoying watching teenagers in the WHL playing live hockey a lot, and I'm sure that the Dutch league we're talking about is good entertaining hockey. Heck, I'll go and cheer at an 8 year old's soccer game because people are having fun.
That does not mean I miss the superlative skill, speed, and toughness of NHL hockey. It does mean that I hope my friends (and family-in-laws) in the Netherlands read this and see it for what I think it is supposed to be: witty sardonic fun.
Another dutchie here. Loving the articles about Dale Weise, ROFLMAO on the Dragon Satbbing League comment, my coffee is now in my keyboard and on my monitor
Keep 'em coming, there are plenty of us who in fact can take a roast about the mediocrity of our league and laugh about the apparent distinction between bananas and fruit.
I would have never thought that Dale Weise in 2012-13 was going to reincarnate as Jarome Iginla circa 2001-02. I mean with the hits, fights, goals, points, he's unstoppable! I am sure he'll transfer those hands of stone (and silk) back to the NHL right?
Hockey is canada, hockey is not Holland. Holland is football, fieldhockey, fastskating, swimming. For a little country we have we are great in sports. Too bad we never thought about teaching our fieldhockeyplayers how to skate. Too bad for us die hard hockeyfans. We watch our live hockeygames on a low level, and we stay up in the middle of the night to watch NHL games. We are all fan of the most beautiful sport of the planet.
At least we are able to go to the stadium and the leaugue is not owned by people with only dollars in their eyes…..


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Archive for September, 2008
putting blog on hold…
Im like Elle Woods and have been summoned to DC. so dont worry i will fix the economy.
and im a pc.com
I dare anyone to stop reloading… click here
Truly Beyond Parody
Did you see Tina Fey and Amy Poehler last night? The amazing thing is that a whole section of the script was directly transcribed from Palin's actual attempted interview with Katie Couric. There is no way Saturday Night Life could make more fun of Palin than she made of herself.
dog i met
This is Gouda, i met him at the Union Square farmers market. He is the size of a house! Now i thought pajamas had a great name, but the next dog i get i am going to have to name after cheese!
Little Gordon Ramsay
Ever wondered how to take part in social activism as a creative? Designism 3.0 | Design for Social Change is an annual gathering of creative minds at the Art Directors Club in NY that will discuss, debate, and present ideas for social change. The Sappi Ideas that Matter Exhibition will also be taking place.
These are some other organizations/social networks that emphasize on design for the greater good:
[via design milk]
These are bed sheets that look like cardboard boxes. Well played snurkbeddengoed


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On Thursday, Michigan Gov. Rick Snyder ordered an emergency state takeover of Detroit. Too bad this didn't happen years ago, when there was still a reasonable chance to save the city from shocking decline.
Once the nation's fourth-largest city, it now ranks 18th.
Its population has slipped from 1.8 million in 1950 to 700,000 today, and more than a third of these are classified as living in poverty.
The city's official unemployment rate is 18.2 percent. An estimated 40 square miles within city limits is an urban wasteland of burned and looted buildings.
City government has run huge deficits for more than a decade, and no longer can pay municipal employees and pensioners or provide vitally needed services. It is considered the poorest and most ill-managed city in America.
Many blame the city's woes on the decline of the Detroit-based automotive industry, but that is a relatively small part of the problem. Corrupt government, venal politicians and rampant crime are more to blame.
Detroit's former mayor, Kwame Kilpatrick, ousted in 2008 after holding office for seven years, was recently convicted of more than 20 federal charges of corruption and bribery.
Honest and efficient municipal government does make a difference, as residents of the Lowcountry surely recognize.
And we should never take it for granted.
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School boundary changes: 1,060 middle school students may be affected by district proposal
Parents: Kids need sense of belonging
CORPUS CHRISTI - Middle school is tough.
Bodies are changing, friends become confidants more so than parents for some and fitting in is a top priority.
As the Corpus Christi Independent School District considers school boundary changes, some parents believe more attention needs to be directed at the 1,060 middle schoolers affected and their needs. Switching schools at age 12 or 13 or 14 is challenging, counselors and psychologists said, when younger teenagers already are experiencing vast changes socially, physically and emotionally.
How students react to changes depends on the resilience of the child, Corpus Christi psychologist Dr. Lynn Fisher-Kittay said, because some are more adaptable to change than others.
"But oftentimes, they rely on their peer groups for support or regard them as confidants," Fisher-Kittay said. "If they are separated from their peer groups, it could create anxiety."
Corpus Christi Independent School District is looking to create larger attendance zones for Miller, Moody and Ray high schools and slightly smaller ones for Carroll and King. The proposed boundaries alter the attendance zones of every middle school except Browne and Grant. At the elementary level, changes primarily were made to accommodate students into the new Zavala Elementary and Hicks Elementary campuses. An estimated 4,000 students are affected by the changes that will be implemented by the 2010-11 school year.
The administration's proposal aims to reduce crowding at some campuses and increase enrollment at other schools with low student populations, district officials said. In addition, it intends to let parents know where their children will go to middle school and high school from the day they start elementary school. While some schools such as King, Carroll and Kaffie struggle with accommodating a large number of students, other schools such as Miller, Moody and Browne have room to grow.
Fewer than 150 people have attended public meetings to discuss proposed boundary changes that are expected to send some students to different schools next year. Most who attended were parents of high school students concerned about whether their kids would be able to stay at the school they already attend.
Rhonda Camp attended one of those meetings and plans to attend the school board meeting Feb. 8 when CCISD trustees take action on the issue.
Her son is in his last year at Barnes Elementary. If boundary changes are approved, John Mark, 10, would have to go to Haas Middle School instead of Kaffie Middle School. Camp is concerned that the district is considering separating students who have been together since kindergarten.
"Only about 30 percent of his friends will go to that school, and the rest will all go to Kaffie," she said. "Middle school is also when the kids start to change classrooms in between periods and join sports and extracurricular activities, so these changes really affect them."
Many of Kaffie counselor Pat Langford's students last year were shifted from Kaffie to Browne and Haas middle schools to alleviate crowding, she said.
Langford and Camp are concerned these students would have to move yet again during middle school, when peer pressure and fitting-in issues affect students the most, Langford said.
CCISD officials said students who moved last year wouldn't move again.
Kaffie Principal Rhonda Roberts said it is sometimes difficult to accommodate the 900 students at her school. Last year, the school had 1,100 students.
She understands parents' concerns about the difficult transition, but said crowding need to be addressed. Roberts thinks having meetings and events before school starts will help students meet new friends and feel less anxiety.
"In middle school, there are a lot of changes going on with students. Bullying also is a big concern for parents and students," Roberts said. "We have discussions with them before school starts to address this, and we teach students that it is OK to tell someone what is going on."
Students who shift schools because of boundary changes and their families will have opportunities to meet staff and other students through special open houses and activities at the newly assigned schools, CCISD Superintendent Scott Elliff said.
"We have done these successfully in the past and have found that these events help to ease the transition," he said, "and provide an opportunity for parents and students to have their questions answered."
By the numbers
38,000 -- Corpus Christi Independent School District students
3,943 -- students affected by boundary proposal
1,388 -- students affected in elementary school
1,060-- students affected in middle school
1,495 -- students affected in high school
Affected students by current grade level
Pre-kindergarten 122
Kindergarten 225
1st grade 261
2nd grade 286
3rd grade 264
4th grade 230
5th grade 259
6th grade 396
7th grade 405
8th grade 402
9th grade 442
10th grade 344
11th grade 307
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SIOUX FALLS, S.D. (AP) – Republican Rep. Kristi Noem has defeated Democratic challenger Matt Varilek to win a second term as South Dakota's lone member of the U.S. House.
Varilek is a former member of Democratic Sen. Tim Johnson's staff. He argued throughout the campaign that Noem had shirked her duties by skipping committee meetings and failed to protect South Dakota's interests in getting a farm bill passed before Congress adjourned before the election.
Noem is 40-year-old rancher and former state lawmaker from Castlewood who was first elected to Congress as part of the 2010 Republican wave. She says she has worked to cut federal spending and taxes, has a 99 percent voting record in committees and did all she could to get a farm bill passed.
Comment Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in the comments section of DakotaRadioGroup.com are solely those of the comment author and do not necessarily reflect the views and opinions held by DakotaRadioGroup.com.


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The invention concerns compositions of colored glasses intended for the manufacture of glazing panes suitable for mounting in an automobile vehicle. The panes are of silico-sodo-calcic glasses having a total energy transmission factor (TE) less than the light transmission factor under illuminant A (TLA), the factor TE being from 10 to 48% and the factor TLA from 20 to 60 % for a thickness of 3.85 mm; these glasses comprise (in % by weight), as coloring agents, from 0.45 to 2.5% of Fe2 O3 (total iron), from 0.001 to 0.02% of CoO, from 0 to 0.0025% of Se and from 0 to 0.1% of Cr2 O3.
1. A coloured glass composition comprising the following oxides within the following limits by weight:
______________________________________ SiO2 64 to 75% Al2 O3 0 to 5% B2 O3 0 to 5% CaO 5 to 15% MgO 0 to 5% Na2 O 10 to 18% K2 O 0 to 5%______________________________________
and consisting essentially of as colouring agents:
______________________________________Fe2 O3 (total iron) 0.5 to 1.5%with FeO content representing from 16 to 55%of the total iron content expressed inthe form of Fe2 O3CoO 0.003 to 0.015%Cr2 O3 0.025 to 0.09%Se 0 to 0.0025%______________________________________
wherein the glasses have a total energy transmission factor (TE) less than the light transmission factor under illuminant A (TLA), the factor TE being from 10 to 48% and the factor TLA from 20 to 60% for a thickness of 3.85 millimetres.
2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the FeO content represents from 20 to 40% of the total iron expressed in the form of Fe2 O3.
3. A glazing pane comprising a coloured glass sheet, wherein the coloured glass sheet has a composition as claimed in claim 1 and having a thickness of from 2 to 8 millimetres.
This is a Division of application Ser. No. 07/969,836, filed on Aug. 5, 1993, now abandoned, which was filed as International Application No. PCT/FR92/00913, on Oct. 2, 1992.
This invention relates to a composition for coloured glass intended for the manufacture of a pane suitable, notably, for mounting in an automobile vehicle. The invention is aimed more especially at a glass composition which will enable a pane to be produced that is suitable for forming the rear lateral windows and rear windows of an automobile vehicle.
Automobile designers offer their clients colored panes, not only in a concern for aesthetic values but also for the functional role which they can fulfil, that is to say notably the improvement in visibility in critical conditions of lighting, and/or the comfort of the passengers.
From this latter aspect, since the proportion of glazed area increases every year in new models, the hothouse effect will be an increasingly important factor to be taken into account in the air conditioning of the vehicle. One of the routes by which this effect maybe reduced is by the improvement in panes of low transmission for radiation in the near infrared but in which the transmission for the visible spectrum, although less than that of conventional windscreens, is still acceptable for the passengers.
The U.S. Pat. No. 4,104,076 proposes glasses based upon oxides of iron, cobalt, chromium and/or uranium and possibly containing selenium. These glasses may be classified in two categories: the bronze glasses which have a light transmission factor of between 40 and 55%, and the grey glasses for which this factor is from 35 to 45%. These glasses, intended more especially for the production of panes for buildings, have a conventional total energy transmission factor less than 50% for a thickness of 6.2 mm.
Patent Application EP-A-0 349 909 proposes glasses having a grey tint, based upon oxides of iron and cobalt, to which at least 30 ppm selenium are added. These glasses are characterized, for a thickness of 5.56 mm, by a light transmission factor lying between 5 and 20% and a total energy transmission factor less than 40%. All the glasses given as examples have an energy transmission factor greater than the light transmission factor.
The present invention sets out to provide glasses colored in the mass which shall possess, for a specific thickness, a moderate total light transmission and a lower corresponding total energy transmission.
The invention also sets out to provide colored glasses having different compositions, which may be mounted, in the form of glazing panes, on one and the same automobile vehicle.
According to this invention, these objectives are achieved by means of coloured glasses, the composition of which comprises the following constituents in the proportions by weight defined by the following limits:
______________________________________SiO2 64 to 75%Al2 O3 0 to 5%B2 O3 0 to 5%CaO 5 to 15%MgO 0 to 5%Na2 O 10 to 18%K2 O 0 to 5%and, as colouring agents:Fe2 O3 (total iron) 0.45 to 2.5%CoO 0.001 to 0.02%Se 0 to 0.0025%Cr2 O3 0 to 0.1%______________________________________
these glasses having a total energy transmission factor (TE) less than the light transmission factor under illuminant A (TLA), the factor TE being from 10 to 48% and the factor TLA from 20 to 60% for a thickness of 3.85 millimetres.
The compositions according to this invention may contain other constituents in very mall quantities, originating from compounds added to the vitrifiable mixture for the purpose of facilitating the refining of the glass. This is the case, for example, for SO3 originating from the decomposition of sulphate added to the mixture.
The glass according to this invention may be produced in conventional furnaces and converted into a continuous band or ribbon by the well-known technique of float glass on a molten tin bath.
The glasses according to this invention have a rather low purity of excitation under illuminant C. It is generally less than 15% and most frequently less than 12%.
The transmission characteristics of glasses according to the invention and also their dominant wavelength trader illuminant C are governed by their oxidoreduction state. According to the present invention, 16 to 55% of the total iron, expressed in the form of Fe2 O3, my be in the form of ferrous oxide. More generally, 20 to 40% of the total iron is in the form of ferrous oxide.
The glasses according to this invention have grey tints and more or less neutral colourations, which my vary from the blue/green to the green/yellow passing through all the intermediate hues, corresponding to dominant wavelengths under illuminant C extending from 490 to 560 nm.
The glasses according to this invention possess the desired transmission characteristics by using, as coloring agents, the oxides of iron and of cobalt, by adding possibly chromium oxide and selenium, the latter having the effect of reducing the purity of excitation.
The glasses according to this invention may comprise a part only of these colouring agents or the totality of these agents in proportions duly chosen as a function of the characteristics desired.
Thus the glasses according to this invention may comprise, as colouring agent, the oxides of iron and cobalt and, possibly also, selenium. The proportions by weight of the colouring agents in the preferred glasses of the invention belonging to this family may vary according to the properties desired.
Glasses having a grey tint and characterized by a high light transmission factor (TLA >40%) comprise the following colouring agents within the limits by weight defined:
______________________________________(I)______________________________________Fe2 O3 (total iron) 0.45 to 1%CoO 0.001 to 0.01%Se 0.0002 to 0.002%______________________________________
Glasses also having a grey tint but characterized by a lower light transmission factor (TLA <40%) and a TE factor clearly lower than that of the glasses (I) comprise the following colouring agents in the limiting proportions by weight defined below:
______________________________________(II)______________________________________Fe2 O3 (total iron) 1 to 1.8%CoO 0.005 to 0.02%Se 0.0005 to 0.0025%______________________________________
Among the glasses belonging to this family but which may perhaps not contain selenium, it is possible to distinguish glasses which have a high TLA factor (>40%) and a relatively low TE factor. Such glasses comprise the colouring agents defined below in the following limits by weight:
______________________________________(III)______________________________________Fe2 O3 (total iron) 0.8 to 1.8%CoO 0.001 to 0.01%______________________________________
Still within the category of the glasses that may not contain selenium, it is also possible to define glasses which have a TLA factor and a TE factor clearly lower than those of the foregoing glasses (III). These glasses have a high content of iron oxides associated with the cobalt oxide in the following proportions by weight:
______________________________________(IV)______________________________________Fe2 O3 (total iron) 1.3 to 2.5%CoO 0.005 to 0.015%______________________________________
Glasses (III) and (IV) can of course comprise selenium, within the general limits defined above.
Apart from the iron and cobalt oxides, and the possible selenium, the glasses according to this invention may also contain chromium oxide. The contents of colouring agents in the preferred glasses of this invention belonging to this family are defined by the following limits by weight:
______________________________________(V)______________________________________Fe2 O3 (total iron) 0.5 to 1.5%CoO 0.003 to 0.015%Cr2 O3 0.025 to 0.09%Se 0 to 0.0025%______________________________________
For preparing the glasses of this invention, a conventional glass composition from the flat glass industry is used as the basic composition, and to this are added the colouring agents in proportions which enable the desired optical characteristics and appearance to be achieved for a given thickness. The basic glass selected has the following composition by weight:
______________________________________ SiO2 72.1% Al2 O3 0.74% CaO 8.90% MgO 3.79% Na2 O 14.16% K2 O 0.11% SO3 0.20%______________________________________
The colouring agents are added to this glass at the expense of the silica.
The attached table shows a series of examples of glass compositions illustrating this invention, notably the glass families I to V defined above. The contents of colouring agents are expressed in percentages by weight. The values for the different characteristics of these glasses were measured on panes 3.85 millimetres thick. The purity level attained by certain glasses according to this invention is remarkable having regard to the very low content of selenium in these glasses. For all the glasses according to this invention, the ratio Fe2 O3 (total)/Se is greater than 200.
As indicated earlier, the glasses according to this invention may be converted into a continuous band by the technique of float glass. The glass sheets obtained by cutting this band have thicknesses varying from 2 to 8 mm. These glass sheets can be used either alone or associated with a colourless glass sheet to form glazing panes capable of being mounted on an automobile vehicle at the rear side windows and rear window.
These panes may be fitted by associating them in a glazing set with other panes which form the windscreen and the front side windows. Thus an automobile vehicle glazing set may be composed of panes, of which the total light transmission factor under illuminant A, for a given thickness, will decrease progressively from the windscreen to the rear window.
The panes obtained from glasses according to this invention may advantageously be used within such a glazing set for an automobile vehicle.
Thus the panes of the rear side windows, whether opening or fixed windows, can be produced from glasses which, for a thickness of 3.85 mm, have a total light transmission factor under illuminant A of between approximately 30 and 60%. They may be associated with rear windows made from glasses which, for the same thickness, have a total light transmission factor under illuminant A of approximately 20 to 45%.
A glazing set of this class could be produced from the glasses referenced Ex. 10 and Ex. 3 in the attached table. The panes formed of glass Ex. 10 would serve as rear side windows, the pane made of glass Ex. 3 would constitute the rear window.
TABLE__________________________________________________________________________ Ex. 1 Ex. 2 Ex. 3 Ex. 4 Ex. 5 Ex. 6 Ex. 7__________________________________________________________________________Fe2 O3 (Total iron) 1.15 1.65 1.95 0.90 0.96 0.62 1.27CoO 0.0122 0.0110 0.0066 0.0130 0.0099 0.0055 0.0093Se 0.0013 -- -- 0.0010 0.0005 0.0009 --Cr2 O3 -- -- -- 0.0480 0.0350 -- 0.0780Redox 0.27 0.33 0.25 0.31 0.35 0.29 0.21TL(A) (%) 35 35 35 32.5 37.8 55.7 40.0TE (%) 25.3 18.7 17.8 24.8 24.7 44.9 29.8λD(C) (nm) 496 488 501 501 495 505 497PC (%) 3.2 17.4 7.6 5.61 8.81 1.1 11.5__________________________________________________________________________ Ex. 8 Ex. 9 Ex. 10 Ex. 11 Ex. 12 Ex. 13 Ex. 14__________________________________________________________________________Fe2 O3 (Total iron) 1.10 0.99 1.50 0.95 1.2 1.25 1.84CoO 0.0093 0.0103 0.0058 0.0104 0.0032 0.0102 0.006Se -- 0.0003 -- -- -- 0.0015 --Cr2 O3 0.0880 0.0450 -- 0.0600 -- -- --Redox 0.29 0.25 0.24 0.35 0.29 0.28 0.31TL(A) (%) 39.2 40.2 45.8 38.8 55.0 33.5 34.1TE (%) 16.5 29.8 26.8 24.7 32 21.6 16.8λD(C) (nm) 495 502 490 497 495 531 494PC (%) 14 6.49 10.8 12.21 6.3 2.8 11.7__________________________________________________________________________
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Fiction - Creative pains
Truth and Consequences
Alison Lurie Chatto & Windus, 224pp, £15.99
Truth and Consequences
Alison Lurie Chatto & Windus, 224pp, £15.99
by Amanda Craig Published
For those of us who promised to stand by our partners in sickness and in health, the debilities of age, disease or chance come as a hideous shock. Jane Mackenzie, the heroine of Alison Lurie's tenth novel, "saw her husband fifty feet away and did not recognise him . . . an ageing man with slumped shoulders, a sunken chest, and a protruding belly, leaning on a cane". His transformation from an active, handsome, confident academic is a prelude to the collapse of the Mackenzies' marriage.
Just how much does adversity, and particularly the adversity occasioned by pain, reveal about your true nature? As someone who has spent the past year in and out of hospital, I am still not sure. Lurie's two couples, heading for adultery, could have been devised by Wife Swap, in that each consists of a self-centred invalid and a self-sacrificing spouse. Jane's marriage is old-fashioned. Her life revolves around her administrative job at the University of Corinth (Lurie's imaginary grove of academe, visited in previous novels), the weekly farmers' market, her vegetable patch and her husband's career. They have no sex life and no children. The life of Alan, her husband, is dominated by self-pity, thanks to chronic back pain, which he imagines as a lizard clawing at his back. Neat, prim, self-sacrificing Jane is not interested in his imaginative garden follies or his drawings.
When Delia Delaney, "the American Angela Carter", descends upon Corinth as a lecturer, accompanied by her handsome husband Henry, the Mackenzies are each swept into an elegant minuet of desire and ill health. As in Lurie's Pulitzer- winning Foreign Affairs, the story unfolds through the eyes of a woman and a man, Jane's conventional guilt and healthy philistinism contrasting with Alan's selfish pleasures and artistic sensibilities. Truth and Consequences is more than a satire on sickness and health: it is also a parable about creativity and suffering.
Delia, a glorious creation, paraphrases Edmund Wilson's essay "The Wound and the Bow" in suggesting to Alan that "you have to accept your affliction as a gift . . . Inspiration comes from a dark, distant place, and it can't come without pain." The author of unmistakably dreadful stories about her violent childhood in the Deep South, Delia is as absurd as any character in David Lodge, yet she is also a genuine muse. While Jane and Henry make out in haystacks and library stacks, Alan does indeed discover his talent as an artist as a result of welcoming his pain. Lurie's underlying preoccupation in all her fiction is the mystery of creativity - something that most great writers address. Naturally, this does not prevent Alan's selfishness from being appalling, and appallingly funny: his back matters more to him than the victims of 9/11. We are all like this, deep down, and the truth illness reveals is often no better than that.
Lurie's novels, peopled by middle-class white academics, may seem conventional, but they examine the aspects of love and life we prefer to ignore. The essential lunacy of children, the triggers for infidelity, the inevitability of death, the unknowability of another person and the consequences of being too truthful are all explored by her in fiction that, read as a body of work, provides us with a moral compass for modern America. It is Lurie, not Updike, whom people will one day read to discover what our life and times were really like. Dazzlingly intelligent, witty, perceptive and engaging, she is not to be missed - in sickness or in health.
Amanda Craig's most recent novel is Love in Idleness (Time Warner)


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As of Saturday, February 25, 2012
© Copyright 2015 Gwinnett Daily Post
Recently I read an essay by one of my college students about how she hopes one day to meet her "soulmate," whom she then went on to describe in some detail.
It's refreshing to think that, even today, young women still long for that fairy-tale ending. Unfortunately, I'm not overly optimistic about their chances.
For one thing, let's face it: men are pigs. I know this by virtue of having been a man nearly all my adult life. In fact, there are really only two types of men: those who are pigs but are trying their best not to act like pigs, and those who aren't even trying.
That said, there are still plenty of the former, basically decent guys who are interested in marriage, family, mortgage -- the whole shebang. The real problem is that even women who say they're looking for a decent guy don't act like it. If that's what you want, you have to change your behavior.
First -- and I'm going to be very blunt -- stop giving it away. If you don't know what "it" is, then you're too young to be reading this column. Stop reading immediately and turn on "My Little Ponies."
It's true that all physically mature guys are obsessed with "it," even the decent ones. The difference is that decent guys have the motivation and self-discipline not to act on every impulse. That's what makes them decent. If you want a guy who is willing to wait on you, then you need to wait on him.
Second, even if you're not giving it away, stop dressing as though you are, or as though you want to. True, all normal, heterosexual men are attracted to the female body, and the more they can see, the better they like it. But that's exactly the problem: they'll like it --in this case, "it" means your body -- instead of actually liking you.
Because it's also true that no decent guy wants to marry a woman who looks like a hooker. If it's a decent guy you want, stop acting like you'll take whatever you can get.
Finally, start looking in the right places. I have to shake my head when I hear women say that they can't seem to meet a decent guy. Where are they looking? At bars and nightclubs? On the Internet? Wrong approach.
If you want to meet a decent guy, spend time at the kinds of places where decent guys hang out. Like, oh, I don't know -- church, maybe? Think about what interests you might share with decent guys, like outdoor sports, conservation, or working with children, and then join an organization that will enable you to pursue that activity while at the same time, perhaps, meeting your soulmate.
And look, ladies, he doesn't even have to be your soulmate. If he's just trying his best not to be a pig, that's a start.
Rob Jenkins is a local freelance writer and college professor. Email him at firstname.lastname@example.com
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- Wild pigs menace metro-Atlanta subdivision ( September 24, 2013 )
- JENKINS: What your husband really wants, Part 2 ( November 22, 2014 )
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Northern Territory Demersal Fishery - Ministerial decision 2004
Ministerial Decision
Commonwealth of Australia Gazette GN 20, 19 May 2004
The Hon. Kon Vatskalis MP
Minister for Primary Industry and Fisheries
GPO Box 3146
Darwin NT 0801
Dear Minister
I am writing to you as the Delegate of the Minister for the Environment and Heritage in relation to the assessment of the Northern Territory Demersal Fishery under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act). In June 2002 the Northern Territory Fisheries submitted the document Assessing the Ecological Sustainability of the Northern Territory Demersal Fishery for assessment under the Act.
The submission has been assessed for the purposes of the protected species provisions of Part 13 and the wildlife trade provisions of Part 13A of the EPBC Act.
I am pleased to advise that assessment of the fishery is now complete. The assessment report will be available on the Department of the Environment and Heritage website at:
I am satisfied that the management arrangements for the fishery require that all reasonable steps are taken to ensure that protected species are not injured or killed and the level of interactions with such species in the fishery is not likely to adversely affect the conservation status of protected species or the survival and recovery of listed threatened species. Hence, the management arrangements for the Northern Territory Demersal Fishery meet the requirements of Part 13 of the Act and I propose to accredit the management arrangements accordingly. Accreditation will ensure that individual fishers operating in accordance with the management arrangements are not required to seek permits in relation to interactions with protected species in Commonwealth waters.
I am satisfied that for the purposes of the wildlife trade provisions in part 13A of the EPBC Act, the management arrangements provide the basis for the fishery to be managed in an ecologically sustainable way. I therefore propose to amend the list of exempt native specimens, to include specimens that are or are derived from fish taken in the Northern Territory Demersal Fishery, excluding specimens that are listed under Part 13 of the EPBC Act, for a period of five years. Such listing will serve to exempt the fishery from the export controls of the EPBC Act, providing the fishery continues not to involve the export of specimens listed on the Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species.
The management arrangements for the fishery meet the Australian Government's Guidelines for the Ecologically Sustainable Management of Fisheries. The fishery is well managed under a comprehensive, adaptable, precautionary and ecologically based regime capable of controlling, monitoring and enforcing the level of take from the fishery. The combination of management arrangements, data gathering, proposed research and nature of the fishery allows confidence that the fishery managers will maintain low bycatch levels, minimise interaction with protected species and manage impacts on the wider ecosystem.
While there are some environmental risks associated with this fishery, I believe that NT Fisheries is addressing them adequately. Officers from our two departments have discussed key areas requiring ongoing attention. I understand that they have agreed to a number of recommended actions, focusing on ensuring the continuation of good management practices, to be implemented before the next Commonwealth review of the fishery. These recommendations, attached to the letter, have been an important factor in my decision to exempt the fishery and I look forward to receiving your confirmation that they will be implemented.
I would like to thank you for the constructive way in which your officials have approached this assessment and I look forward to reviewing the remainder of the Northern Territory managed fisheries.
Yours sincerely
Ian Cresswell
Delegate of the Minister for the Environment and Heritage
April 2004
Recommendations to the Northern Territory Department of Business, Industry and Resource Development on the ecologically sustainable management of the Northern Territory Demersal Fishery
The NT Demersal Fishery is a well-managed fishery with a range of significant management measures to promote the ecologically sustainable harvesting of species from the fishery. These measures include:
- A limited number of operators (and current small number of active operators) coupled with input controls (catch, area and gear restrictions).
- Clearly articulated management objectives, performance indicators, trigger reference points and management responses to be taken are provided for the majority of target species, byproduct and bycatch species as well as interactions with protected species and the ecosystem.
- As of 2004, the annual status report will report on management objectives, performance indicators and triggers and how the Demersal Fishery is performing against these criteria.
- Undertaking a compliance risk assessment by December 2004.
- Undertaking a risk assessment of bycatch vulnerability, including endangered, threatened or protected species, caught in the fishery, by December 2004.
- Formalising guidelines for reviewing management arrangements once target, byproduct and/or bycatch reference points and triggers are reached, by December 2004.
- Continuing to refine logbook data entry processes together with validation of market returns.
- Any adverse impacts from fishing detected in the Timor Reef Fishery will be investigated in the Demersal fishery.
- Undertaking onboard monitoring of the fishery by fisheries observers if the fishing effort within the demersal fishery continues to increase by a further 40% during the next two calendar years.
The following recommendations have been made to further strengthen the effectiveness of the management arrangements for the fishery and minimise environmental risks in the medium to longer term. The Northern Territory Department of Business, Industry and Resource Development should action these recommendations before the next review in 2009.
Recommendation 1: NT Fisheries to inform the Department of the Environment and Heritage of any changes to the management regime that may impact on the ecological sustainability of the NT Demersal Fishery.
Recommendation 2: NT Fisheries to move towards analysing effort using a more accurate measure of effort in the fishery than days fished.
Recommendation 3: NT Fisheries to undertake a risk assessment of the species making up the groupings of Red Snapper, Goldband Snapper and Cod in order to establish greater confidence that there are no individual species that are particularly vulnerable or susceptible to fishing and may require additional management responses. In the event that a species is found to be particularly vulnerable NT Fisheries to implement appropriate management responses within 12 months.
Recommendation 4: NT Fisheries to maintain data validation mechanisms for target, byproduct, bycatch and protected species interactions and implement alternative data collection validation techniques if observer trips are no longer feasible or are insufficient to provide robust information on the fishery.
Recommendation 5: NT Fisheries to continue to seek alternative cost effective fishery independent sampling techniques and report outcomes in annual status report.
Recommendation 6: NT Fisheries to continue to work towards more refined yield estimates of principle target species to determine sustainable harvest levels, particularly for Goldband Snapper. By 2006 NT Fisheries to implement an interim precautionary trigger reference point for Goldband Snapper.
Recommendation 7: NT Fisheries to determine spatial distribution of effort and catch in the fishery and investigate the risk of localised depletions by 2006. In the event that significant risks are identified, NT Fisheries to implement appropriate mitigation measures in a timely manner.
Recommendation 8: NT Fisheries to continue to cooperate with other relevant jurisdictions to pursue complementary management and research of shared stocks for all target and by-product species, that may be affected by cross-jurisdictional issues.
Recommendation 9: NT Fisheries to monitor the species composition of bycatch and byproduct with a view to undertaking a more rigorous risk analysis, if there is a significant increase in the catch of individual species.
Recommendation 10: NT Fisheries to continue to monitor the proportion of juvenile/adult snapper landed and implement appropriate management strategies, such as temporal/spatial restrictions, as appropriate.


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News 1 - 10 of 10
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Featured in the GQ's Men of the Year issue with the special title, the 'Friends with Benefits' actress also opens up in the interview about not taking acting too seriously.
Rihanna, Usher and Band Perry to Perform at Grammy Nominations ConcertNovember 17, 2011 08:11:04
Riri, Usher and Kimberly Perry's band join the likes of Jason Aldean, Lady GaGa, Ludacris, Lupe Fiasco and Sugarland on the line-up.
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Words are, when the police procedural series wraps up the filming of the 13th episode, it will be a permanent goodbye for the cast and crew.
Justin Bieber and The Band Perry to Perform at 'Christmas in Washington'November 16, 2011 09:11:20
Bieber and Kimberly Perry's band will be joined by Cee-Lo Green, Jennifer Hudson and Victoria Justice at the annual holiday concert which will air December 16.
Taylor Swift, Blake Shelton Top 2011 CMA Awards Nominees ListSeptember 06, 2011 10:09:59
Pitted against Keith Urban, Jason Aldean and Brad Paisley, the two country singers would compete for the top entertainer of the year trophy.
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Miranda Lambert Leads First Wave of CMA Awards Nominations With Five NodsSeptember 01, 2010 09:09:48
Following Miranda Lambert's five-nod domination is Lady Antebellum who grab four nominations, including Vocal Group of the Year.


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Magical Steedby Jenny Heidewald
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