text:
A non-aqueous drug-free composition for topical application to human skin comprises:
(i) a special ester of pyroglutamic acid; and
(ii) a cosmetically acceptable non-aqueous vehicle.
1. In a non-aqueous drug-free composition for topical application to human skin, the improvement which comprises enhanced stability of an ester of pyroglutamic acid and enhanced penetration of said ester to the stratum corneum of the human skin, which composition comprises:
(i) from 0.01 to 99% by weight of an ester of pyroglutamic acid having the structure: ##STR4## where R is a linear or branched chain saturated or unsaturated alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and
(ii) from 1 to 99.99% by weight of a cosmetically acceptable non-aqueous vehicle selected from the group consisting of:
lanolin alcohols,
mineral oil,
sunflower seed oil,
evening primrose oil, and
sesame oil, and mixtures thereof.
2. The non-aqueous composition of claim 1, wherein the amount of the ester of pyroglutamic acid is from 0.01 to 20% by weight of the composition.
3. The non-aqueous composition of claim 1, which additionally comprises from 0.01 to 10% by weight of a perfume.
4. The non-aqueous composition of claim 1, which further comprises 0.1 to 50% by weight of the composition, of an activity enhancer chosen from penetrating enhancers, surface active agents and cationic polymers.
5. The non-aqueous composition of claim 1, wherein the ester of pyroglutamic acid is selected from the group:
pyroglutamic acid methyl ester
pyroglutamic acid ethyl ester
pyroglutamic acid n-propyl ester
pyroglutamic acid n-butyl ester
pyroglutamic acid n-hexyl ester
pyroglutamic acid iso-propyl ester.
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 351,746, filed on May 15, 1989, which was abandoned upon the filing hereof.
The invention relates to non-aqueous compositions containing an ester of pyroglutamic acid for topical application to human skin or hair.
Pyroglutamic acid (also known as 2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid) is the principle ingredient of the "natural moisturising factor" that enables the stratum corneum of the skin to maintain a high water content despite low external humidity. Pyroglutamic acid applied topically to the skin has a temporary moisturising effect, but it is easily washed away and gives no long term skin benefit.
The use of certain esters of pyroglutamic acid as auxiliary agents for accelerating absorption of drugs through the skin is described in JA 60-214744 (Nitto Denki Kogyo KK.
Cosmetics containing one or more compounds obtained by the esterification of 2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid (PCA) and a fatty acid chosen from straight chain higher fatty acids are described in JA 57-185209 (Nisshin Seiyu KK) for contributing to the natural moisturising factor (NMF) present in the horny layer of the skin, part of which NMF is characterised as a salt of PCA.
Certain esters of pyroglutamic acid described in EP-A-0 176 217 (Unilever) are stated to be analogues of naturally occuring N-terminal pyroglutamic peptides. These naturally ocurring peptides are substrates for the enzyme pyroglutamic acid peptidase which represent one route of pyroglutamic acid synthesis in the stratum corneum: [See: J G Barrett and I R Scott (1983), "Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid synthesis in guinea pig epidermis", J Invest. Dermatol. 81, 122].
These esters are stated to penetrate readily into the stratum corneum, and there provide a substrate for this enzyme at the normal site of pyroglutamic acid synthesis, that is, inside the cells of the stratum corneum.
There are, however, certain disadvantages in employing products based on these prior proposals; these are firstly, in aqueous systems, there is a tendency for hydrolysis of the ester of pyroglutamic acid to occur prematurely, so that the free acid, pyroglutamic acid, is present in the composition, and its benefit prior to application to the skin is thereby at best relatively short lived, and secondly, that the presence of drugs in topical products can severely limit their cosmetic usefulness.
We have now discovered that the stability of esters of pyroglutamic acid can be significantly improved and the general cosmetic use widened, by formulating them in a non-aqueous composition (that is one in which the amount of water present does not exceed 5% by weight of the composition), which otherwise contains no molecule that could be classed as a drug, thereby limiting its cosmetic usefulness.
Evidence in support of the preference for a non-aqueous composition to provide enhanced stability for the ester, compared with compositions containing >5% water, is given later in this specification.
We have, furthermore, found that the ester of pyroglutamic acid penetrates more readily into the stratum corneum than does the free acid, the penetrated ester being enzymically cleaved, as already stated, to yield pyroglutamic acid in situ in the stratum corneum, thereby to augment that which occurs naturally in this region of the skin. Evidence to support this observation is give later in this specification.
Accordingly, the invention provides a non-aqueous drug-free composition for topical application to human skin which comprises:
(i) from 0.01 to 99% by weight of an ester of pyroglutamic acid having the structure: ##STR1## where R is a linear or branched chain saturated or unsaturated alkyl group having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or the group: ##STR2## where R' and R" are the same or different and are each represented by H or the group:
[(CH3)u,(CH2 OH)v,(CH2)w,(CHCH3)x,(CHOH)y,(CH═CH).sub.z ]-- (2)
either u or v is 1 and the other of them is zero
w is zero, or an integer of from 1 to 21
x is zero, or an integer of from 1 to 4
y is zero, or an integer of from 1 to 2
z is zero, or an integer of from 1 to 4; and
u+v+w+x+y+z is an integer of from 1 to 22;
the subgroups within the group (2) being in any sequence; provided that when the subgroup (CH═CH) is present, then the total number of carbon atoms in said group (2) will be from 10 to 20; and
(ii) from 1 to 99.99% by weight of a cosmetically acceptable non-aqueous vehicle.
It is accordingly an object of the invention to provide a non-aqueous composition which is suitable for topical application to human skin, including the lips, mucosae and scalp, and to human hair, comprising certain esters of pyroglutamic acid in a non-aqueous vehicle.
By "non-aqueous" is meant that the composition according to the invention will contain no more than 5% by weight of water. Preferably, the composition will contain no more that 3%, most preferably no more than 2% by weight of water.
Examples of suitable esters of pyroglutamic acid where P in structure (1) is a C1 to C30 linear or branched chain alkyl group are:
pyroglutamic acid methyl ester
pyroglutamic acid ethyl ester
pyroglutamic acid n-propyl ester
pyroglutamic acid n-butyl ester
pyroglutamic acid n-hexyl ester
pyroglutamic acid n-heptyl ester
pyroglutamic acid n-octyl ester
pyroglutamic acid n-nonyl ester
pyroglutamic acid n-decyl ester
pyroglutamic acid n-undecyl ester
pyroglutamic acid n-dodecyl ester
pyroglutamic acid n-tridecyl ester
pyroglutamic acid n-tetradecyl ester
pyroglutamic acid n-hexadecyl ester
pyroglutamic acid n-octadecyl ester
pyroglutamic acid n-eicosyl ester
pyroglutamic acid iso-propyl ester
pyroglutamic acid 2-methylhexyl ester
pyroglutamic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester
pyroglutamic acid 3,7-dimethyloctyl ester
pyroglutamic acid 2-hexyldecyl ester
pyroglutamic acid 2-octyldodecyl ester
pyroglutamic acid 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentane ester
pyroglutamic acid methyloctyl ester.
Particularly preferred esters of this group are those where R in structure (1) is C1 to C14 alkyl, (linear or branched), especially C1 to C6 alkyl (linear or branched).
Examples of the group (2) include straight and branched chain, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic groups having from 1 to 22 carbon atoms, such as the alkyl groups:
arachidyl, and
and the C10-22 alkenyl groups:
arachidonyl, and
Examples of the group (2) also include hydroxyalkyl groups having from 1 to 22 carbon atoms, such as:
Further specific examples of esters of pyroglutamic acid containing the group: ##STR3## are: 2-[pyroglutamoyloxy]-propionic acid
glyceryl mono(2-[pyroglutamoyloxy]-n-propionate)
glyceryl mono(2-[pyroglutamoyloxy]-n-caprylate), and
glyceryl di(2-[pyroglutamoyloxy]-n-propionate).
It is to be understood that the above list of specific examples of esters of pyroglutamic acid is not exhaustive, there being many other examples expressed by the generic structure of these esters.
The amount of the esters of pyroglutamic acid or mixtures thereof to be employed in accordance with the invention, will normally be from 0.01 to 99%, preferably from 0.1 to 20% and most preferably from 0.2 to 2% by weight of the composition.
The composition according to the invention also comprises a solid, semi-solid or liquid cosmetically and/or physiologically acceptable non-aqueous vehicle, to enable the ester to be conveyed to the skin or hair at an appropriate dilution. The nature of the vehicle will depend upon the method chosen for topical administration of the composition.
The selection of a vehicle for this purpose presents a wide range of possibilities depending on the required product form of the composition. Suitable vehicles can be classified as described hereinafter.
It should be explained that vehicles are substances which can act as diluents, dispersants, or solvents for the esters which therefore ensure that they can be applied to and distributed evenly over the skin or hair at an appropriate concentration. The vehicle is preferably one which can aid penetration of the ester into the skin to reach the stratum corneum.
Non-aqueous vehicles that can be used in compositions according to the invention can include solids or liquids such as emollients, solvents, humectants, thickeners and powders. Examples of each of these types of vehicles, which can be used singly or as mixtures of one or more vehicles, are as follows:
Emollients, such as stearyl alcohol, glyceryl monoricinoleate, glyceryl monostearate, propane-1,2-diol, butane-1,3-diol, mink oil, cetyl alcohol, ispropyl isostearate, stearic acid, isobutyl palmitate, isocetyl stearate, oleyl alcohol, isopropyl laurate, hexyl laurate, decyl oleate, octadecan-2-ol, isocetyl alcohol, cetyl palmitate, dimethylpolysiloxane, di-n-butyl sebacate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, isopropyl stearate, butyl stearate, polythylene glycol, triethylene glycol, lanolin, sesame oil, coconut oil, arachis oil, sunflower seed oil, evening primrose oil, castor oil, lanolin alcohols, petrolatum, mineral oil, butyl myristate, isostearic acid, palmitic acid, isopropyl linoleate, lauryl lactate, myristyl lactate, decyl oleate, myristyl myristate;
Propellants, such as trichlorofluoromethane, dichlorodifluoromethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane, monochlorodifluoromethane, trichlorotrifluoroethane, propane, butane, isobutane, dimethyl ether, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide;
Solvents, such as ethyl alcohol, methylene chloride, isopropanol, castor oil, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, dimethyl sulphoxide, dimethyl formamide, tetrahydrofuran;
Humectants, such as glycerin, sorbitol, sodium 2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylate, soluble collagen, dibutyl phthalate, gelatin;
Gelling agents such as soaps and fatty alcohols;
Powders, such as chalk, talc, fullers earth, kaolin, starch, gums, colloidal silicon dioxide, sodium polyacrylate, tetra alkyl and/or trialkyl aryl ammonium smectites, chemically modified magnesium aluminium silicate, organically modified montmorillonite clay, hydrated aluminium silicate, fumed silica, carboxyvinyl polymer, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, ethylene glycol monostearate.
The amount of non-aqueous vehicle in the composition, can comprise the balance of the composition, particularly where little or no other ingredients are present in the composition. Accordingly, the vehicle or vehicles can comprise from 1 to 99.99%, preferably from 50 to 99.5% and ideally from 90 to 99% by weight of the composition.
The composition according to the invention can also optionally comprise a perfume in an amount sufficient to make the composition acceptable to the consumer and pleasant to use. Usually, the perfume when present will form from 0.01 to 10% by weight of the composition.
The composition according to the invention can also optionally comprise an activity enhancer, which can be chosen from a wide variety of molecules that can function in different ways to enhance delivery to the stratum corneum, of the ester or to potentiate its activity. Particular classes of activity enhancers include penetration enhancers and cationic polymers.
As has been stated earlier, the presence of a penetration enhancer can potentiate the benefit of the ester of pyroglutamic acid, by improving its delivery to the stratum corneum.
The penetration enhancer can accordingly function in a variety of ways. It can for example, improve the distribution of the ester on the skin surface or, it can increase its partition into the skin from the composition when applied topically, so aiding its passage to its site of action. Other mechanisms enhancing the benefit of the chemical inhibitor may also be involved.
Examples of penetration enhancers include:
2-methyl propan-2-ol
POE(2) ethyl ether
Di(2-hydroxypropyl) ether
POE(2) methyl ether
2-hydroxypropionic acid
2-hydroxyoctanoic acid
1,4 Dioxane
Propylene glycol dipelargonate
Polyoxypropylene 15 stearyl ether
Octyl alcohol
POE ester of oleyl alcohol
Oleyl alcohol
Lauryl alcohol
Dioctyl adipate
Dicapryl adipate
Diisopropyl adipate
Diisopropyl sebacate
Dibutyl sebacate
Diethyl sebacate
Dimethyl sebacate
Dioctyl sebacate
Dibutyl suberate
Dioctyl azelate
Debenzyl sebacate
Dibutyl phthalate
Dibutyl azelate
Ethyl myristate
Dimethyl azelate
Butyl myristate
Dibutyl succinate
Didecyl phthalate
Decyl oleate
Ethyl caproate
Ethyl salicylate
Isopropyl palmitate
Ethyl laurate
2-ethyl-hexyl pelargonate
Isopropyl isostearate
Butyl laurate
Benzyl benzoate
Butyl benzoate
Hexyl laurate
Ethyl caprate
Ethyl caprylate
Butyl stearate
Benzyl salicylate
2-hydroxypropanoic acid
2-hyroxyoctanoic acid,
Further examples of penetration enhancers include:
Dimethyl sulphoxide
N,N-Dimethyl acetamide
N,N-Dimethyl formamide
Phosphine oxides
Sugar esters
Tetrahydrofurfural alcohol
Diethyl-m-toluamide, and
Further examples of penetration enhancers include surface active agents, preferred examples of which include:
Anionic surface active agents, such as metallic or alkanolamine salts of fatty acids for example sodium laurate and triethanolamine oleate;
alkyl benzene sulphonates, for example triethanolamine dodecyl benzene sulphonate;
alkyl sulphates, for example sodium lauryl sulphate;
alkyl ether sulphates, for example sodium lauryl ether sulphate [2 to 8 EO];
sulphosuccinates, for example sodium dioctyl sulphosuccinate;
monoglyceride sulphates, for example sodium glyceryl monostearate monosulphate;
isethionates, for example sodium isethionate;
methyl taurides, for example Igepon T;
acylsarcosinates, for example sodium myristyl sarcosinate;
acyl peptides, for example Maypons and Lamepons;
acyl lactylates,
polyalkoxylated ether glycolates, for example trideceth-7 carboxylic acid;
phosphates, for example sodium dilauryl phosphate.
Cationic surface active agents, such as amine salts, for example sapamin hydrochloride;
quartenary ammonium salts, for example Quaternium 5, Quaternium 31 and Quaternium 18;
Amphoteric suface active agents, such as imidazol compounds, for example Miranol;
N-alkyl amino acids, such as sodium cocaminopropionate and asparagine derivatives;
betaines, for example cocoamidopropylbetaine
Nonionic surface active agents, such as fatty acid alkanolamides, for example oleic ethanolamide;
esters of polyalcohols, for example Span;
polyglycerol esters, for example that esterified with C12-18 fatty acids and one or several OH groups;
polyalkoxylated derivatives, for example polyoxy:polyoxyethylene stearate, and octylphenoxy polyethoxyethanol (TRITON X-100);
ethers, for example polyoxyethylene lauryl ether;
ester ethers, for example Tween;
amine oxides, for example coconut and dodecyl dimethyl amine oxides.
Mixtures of two or more of the above surface active agents can be employed in the composition according to the invention.
(c) cationic polymers chosen from:
Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride
Poly(dipropyldiallylammonium chloride)
Poly(methyl-β-propaniodiallylammonium chloride;
Poly(diallylpiperidinium chloride)
Poly(vinyl pyridinium chloride)
Quaternised poly (vinyl alcohol)
Quaternised poly (dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate); and mixtures thereof
The amount of activity enhancer, when employed in accordance with the invention, will normally be from 0.1 to 50%, preferably from 0.5 to 25% and most preferably from 0.5 to 10% by weight of the composition.
The composition according to the invention can also optionally contain further ingredients in addition to those which are conventionally used for the provision of the non-aqueous cosmetics acceptable vehicle.
Accordingly, in addition to ingredients conventionally used in preparing a non-aqueous lotion, ointment, gel, powder, solid stick and aerosol concentrate, the composition can optionally comprise further ingredients such as a colourant, preservative, antioxidant, emollient or aerosol propellant, in amounts which are conventional in the cosmetics art.
The composition of the invention can be prepared in the form of a solution, lotion, gel, ointment, solid stick, aerosol or powder, or in any other form suited to administration topically to human skin.
When the composition is a liquid, such as a lotion or aerosol, or a semi-liquid such as a gel or ointment, or a solid stick, then it is usually necessary to dissolve an effective quantity of the ester of pyroglutamic acid, or a mixture thereof, in ethanol or other non-aqueous cosmetically acceptable vehicles, and then to admix this solution, if desired, in a conventional manner with a suitable ointment base containing, for example an oil or silicone oil, or stick base containing a gelling agent such as sodium stearate, or with a normally liquefiable gaseous propellant in order to prepare the composition.
When the composition is a powder, then it is usually necessary to admix the ester of pyroglutamic acid or a mixture thereof, with a powder diluent, such as talc, starch, kaolin, Fuller's earth or other suitable powder base, in order to provide the composition in powder form.
If desired, other cosmetically acceptable carriers, diluents or emollients can be incorporated in the composition according to the invention, in order to facilitate even distribution over the skin or hair at a suitable concentration.
When pyroglutamic acid is applied topically to human skin, only a negligible amount is able to penetrate to the stratum corneum to augment that naturally present in this region of the skin. However, certain esters of pyroglutamic acid are able readily to penetrate the skin to reach the stratum corneum, where naturally occuring esterases cleave the ester to yield the free pyroglutamic acid which can then augment that which is naturally present in the skin, with the consequence that skin benefit is improved.
Delivery of esters of pyroglutamic acid, with subsequent hydrolysis to yield free pyroglutamic acid in the stratum corneum, was confirmed using tritiated esters of pyroglutamic acid and a radio-tracer technique.
Accordingly, [3 H] esters of pyroglutamic acid were each dissolved at 1% w/v in anhydrous ethanol or in an oil-in-water emulsion base containing >5% by weight of water. These solutions were then applied to the arms of volunteers, left for 18 hours, washed with soap and water, and the stratum corneum was removed by stripping with Sellotape. The [3 H] pyroglutamic acid was separated from unchanged ester by chromotography on AGlX8 resin and the amount delivered to the skin expressed as nmoles per mg of stratum corneum protein.
The result obtained are summarised in Table 1:
TABLE 1______________________________________ Pyroglutamic acid deliveredEster of (n mol/mg protein)Pyroglutamic acid Ethanol base Cream base______________________________________Ethyl 8 5Butyl 6 2Hexyl 5 2Octyl 4 1Dodecyl 4 1______________________________________
When [3 H] pyroglutamic acid instead of a corresponding ester was applied topically in this experiment, a negligible amount of the tritiated free acid was recovered from the stratum corneum.
The above results indicate that pyroglutamic acid is effectively delivered to the stratum corneum following topical application of an ester thereof, while little pyroglutamic acid reached the stratum corneum if applied as the free acid. These results also indicate a preference for a non-aqueous composition, rather than an aqueous cream base. Also, the shorter the alkyl chain of the ester, the more effective is the delivery of the ester to the stratum corneum, as judged by the higher yield of pyroglutamic acid found in that region of the skin.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
______________________________________Ingredient % by wt.______________________________________Phase Apropylene glycol myristyl ether 22.0cetyl palmitate 22.02-ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate 5.0pyroglutamic acid n-hexyl ester 5.0fragrance 0.1Phase Bglyceryl sterate 22.0mineral oil 23.9______________________________________
In a vessel, mix in components of Phase A, in order, until all items are dissolved. Upon completion of Phase A, add components in Phase B to those is Phase A and continue mixing until uniform.
______________________________________Ingredient % by wt.______________________________________Phase APPG-1 myristyl ether acetate 22.0Cetyl palmitate 22.0Parsol MCX 8.0Benzophenone-3 4.0ethyl-2-[pyroglutamoyloxy]-n-propionate 1.0Fragrance 0.1Phase BGlyceryl tiacetyl hydroxysterate 22.0PPG-3 hydrogenated castor oil 20.9______________________________________
In a vessel, mix in components of Phase A, in order, until all items are dissolved. Upon completion of Phase A, add components in Phase B to those in Phase A and continue mixing until uniform.
______________________________________Ingredient % by wt______________________________________petrolatum, white USP 49.9polyethylene 3.0silicone dioxide 2.0cyclomethicone 33.8dimethicone, 50 cs 10.0mineral oil 1.0propylparaben 0.1sorbic acid 0.1fragrance 0.1pyroglutamic acid ethyl ester 1.0______________________________________
Add petrolatum, polyethylene and silicone dioxide to a vessel, heat to 80° C., and homogenize. To this mixture add cyclomethicone, dimethicone, mineral oil, propylparaben and sorbic acid, dissolve and blend, and then cool to 35° C. Dissolve into this mixture PCA ester, and blend until a uniform dry skin composition containing solubilized PCA ester is obtained.
______________________________________Ingredient % by wt______________________________________triglycerides 17.0trilaurin 36.7mineral oil 9.0beeswax 11.0paraffin 12.0petrolatum 13.0fragrance/flavour 0.3pyroglutamic acid octyl ester 1.0______________________________________
______________________________________Ingredient % by wt______________________________________petrolatum 51.0cetyl ester 9.0cetyl alcohol 13.0oleyl alcohol 8.0beeswax 8.0mineral oil 6.0pyroglutamic acid butyl ester 5.0______________________________________
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Roadwork on Route 176 in Island Lake is taking longer than expected, and the project will be delayed until at least after the winter months, officials said. The Illinois Department of Transportation project is focusing on the stretch between Darrell and Mack roads. The project is designed to reduce flooding in the area. Village officials learned last week the project won't be done this year. The delay was blamed on problems with AT&T utility lines.
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Thursday, May 9, 2013
Editor's note: According to information provided Wednesday by the Summerville Police Department, the following suspects were still at large. All photos provided by reporting agency.
Name: Wesley Ray, III
Age: 40
Description: White male, 6' 1" tall, 325 pounds
Last known address: 11 Dollie Circle, Summerville
Wanted for: Domestic/Criminal violence of a high and aggravated nature
Wanted by: Summerville Police Department
Wanted since: April 26, 2013
Investigators allege: Defendant threatened to assault victim with a firearm by pulling a loaded handgun, held a foot away from the victim's head while stating "I am going to kill you!" A warrant has been issued.
Name: Robert N. Reinhardt
Age: 46
Description: White male, 5' 11" tall, 163 pounds
Last known address: 322 Anita Drive, Goose Creek
Wanted for: Larceny
Wanted by: Summerville Police Department
Wanted since: December 15, 2012
Investigators allege: Defendant broke into a motor vehicle and entered a toolbox in the vehicle and removed a nail gun valued at approximately $100. Investigators obtained a latent fingerprint that was a match for Reinhardt. A warrant has been issued.
Anyone with information on the whereabouts of these suspects may call the Summerville Police Department at (843) 851-4100. Crime tips can also be sent to Crime Stoppers by phone at 554-1111, by text message at CRIMES or 274637 (start the message with "TIPCSL") or on the web at www.5541111.com.
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FIG. 1 is a bottom perspective view of an outsole for a shoe showing my new design;
FIG. 2 is a bottom view thereof;
FIG. 3 is a left side view thereof;
FIG. 4 is a right side view thereof;
FIG. 5 is a front view thereof;
FIG. 6 is a rear view thereof; and,
FIG. 7 is an enlarged perspective view of the area labeled as "7" shown in FIG. 1.
The broken-line shape in the arch area of FIGS. 1–2 represents the boundary of the design with the lines themselves and the area within forming no part of the claim.


text:
Bodies made of plant-based "Ecodear" plastic achieves a mellow, centered tone that is similar to that of wood recorders, plus improved breath response and high-register control.
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|Yamaha Ecodear plastic soprano
Bodies made of plant-based "Ecodear" plastic achieves a mellow, centered tone that is similar to that of wood recorders, plus improved breath response and high-register control.
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On the Eagle you can play any style where a strong, dynamic and flexible recorder would add to depth to the music. It's also possible to play elegantly and softly, because the voicing is very fine. The power comes from the strong basis in the tone and not from the harmonics in the 2nd and 3rd register. This ensures that the Eagle still has an authentic, round and full recorder sound. The low register is as strong as the high register so that you can make beautiful musical lines over the whole range of the instrument. This solves the usual problem of losing volume in the low register, without the instrument being too loud in the high register.
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|Lu-Mi, after Busch, 890 mm string length, soft case
I finally received one of these large-bodied Servais Strads. It has a wonderfully full, rich sound that just sings. This cello would also work very well as a bass violin or strung with all gut. If you can handle the large body (the lower bout is wider), you will have yourself a very fine instrument!
Mighty Bright Xtra Flex
Duet Dual LED Music Stand Light
The Mighty Bright XtraFlex Duet Super LED. Music Light uses two specially-designed heads that spread light evenly, without any annoying hot spot to washout print and make your music hard to read. The twin, highly flexible arms are easy to position to put light in tight places, and they also make it very easy to fold the unit into a small package for easy storage. The Mighty Bright XtraFlex Duet is equipped with a base that allows the light to be used as either a clip-on or as a freestanding unit. This versatility makes the XtraFlex Duet perfect for lighting things other than music- racks, pedal setups on dimly lit stages and mixing boards will all benefit. Powered by three AAA batteries (not included).
Mighty Bright Duet 2 LED
Music Stand Light
I have made a new elbow to give the Kung bass a more angled bent neck. This raises the vertical body of the instrument by about 2-3 inches, allowing shorter people or people with reach problems to play this wonderful bass. Available in cherry or pear to match your instrument (pear elbow shown on cherry bass). Pictures: 1,2,3
The new Küng contrabass is the ideal complement to the Superio models--a low register register partner to the successful greatbass. It has a range of over two octaves, a wide bore and large fingerholes. Its sound is therefore deep and strong but still rich in overtones. It has a clear high register thanks to the direct blowing position of the bocal tube. The subbass is eminently suitable for ensemble playing, for both traditional and new music. This exceptional instrument can be played seated or standing. Accessories such as a pedestal or recorder stand make it easier to use.
Kung Bass Adjustable Floor Rest
Stable, easily and quickly put on or taken off
Does not block bore or change pitch of low notes
Requires installing threaded socket in hole drilled in foot joint of bass
Instrument Decoration by Marian Henry
Custom decoration of wooden instruments
See examples on my Paetzold contrabass recorder page
I now sell Baroque and modern violins, violas and cellos. All instruments are made in China by experienced luthiers. I sell LuMi Baroque and modern instruments, and Snow modern instruments.
These crumhorns are commercially made by a well-known maker, and further improved by David Hogan Smith. He thoroughly oils them, tunes them (mean-tone tuning) and makes dry-play custom cane reeds (no soaking needed). The resulting instruments play easily, clearly and strongly. These are beautifully playing instruments comparable in sound and construction quality to handmade crumhorns.
Beautifully made hardwood recorder stands. Come apart for easy transport and storage. Standard configuration is for SnSATB. Custom configurations upon request. Contact George Greenwood: email@example.com
The new Ehlert recorders combines the advantages of various historic models:
The new Ehlert soprano, alto or tenor is suitable for recorder music from all styles and periods. On account of its strong tone color and volume, it is particularly suitable for playing with piano and other "modern" instruments. It is strong enough to hold its own with a Baroque orchestra.
Bernie Lehmann Rebecs
The Rebec
K&M's latest stand is a very lightweight (0.6 kg or a little over 1 lb.) high-quality stand. If you've always wanted a lightweight stand, but didn't want to spend a bundle, this one is for you.
Yamaha YRS-322B translucent, colored sopranos. These are not the low-end YRS-20 series. These sopranos are the high end 300 series instruments with Baroque fingering and curved windway, the same as the dark brown/ivory instruments. They are normally not available in the US, but I was able to obtain a small stock of them. Available until I run out.
Less expensive, relatively undecorated instruments are now available at lower prices than the decorated instruments. They have one border of double purfling around the front and back, and the finish is less highly polished than on the decorated instruments.
Pardessus are now available. Large 6-string basses (74 cm and 80 cm string length) are also coming. The 80 cm bass can be used as an A violone or an all-gut strung bass.
Hotteterre Tenors and Kung Superio basses with added key
I've gotten some custom made (by Moeck) Hotteterre tenors with an added key on the fourth finger hole to make the worst stretch of the instrument easy. Now people with finger stretch problems can play this wonderful tenor.
I also have Kung Superio basses with a key added on hole 1 to make this fabulous bass playable by almost anyone.
I'm trying out the simple vielles or medieval fiddles of Port Townsend, WA maker Stefan Puchalski. Sweet and easy to play. I'll soon add his more elaborate vielles with carved soundboards.
Martin Wenner Baroque & Renaissance Flutes
Wenner flutes, modeled after various historical instruments, made in boxwood, ebony or grenadillla, play easily, clearly and strongly. I am not a flute player and even I can get a full, clear sound out of these instruments.
Mollenhauer Dream Knick Bass
Mollenhauer has finally added the knick bass to its Dream line of Renaissance-sounding but Baroque-range instruments. The new knick bass is an instrument with strong sound. The knick style makes it easy for players with short arms to play. The direct blow style allows sharper attacks and more control over speaking.
Mollenhauer Modern Soprano
Mollenhauer has now expanded its Modern series to include a Modern Soprano. The instrument length, bore design and key system (B-foot) give this instrument an unusually full, rich tone. The dynamic range and extended range from b up to high g''' give this new soprano expressive qualities far beyond all traditional models.
Chris English Bows
I offer Wendy's Viols imported directly from China under the name of Wendy Gillespie, renowned member of the viol consorts Fretwork and Phantasm. Commissioned by Finnish gambist Markku Luolajan-Mikkola, these instruments are hand-made in Beijing, China by master Wang Zhi Ming, who learned violin-making from his father, who studied classic German methods.
These viols are made from very high quality wood, which gives them a good timbre and a beautiful appearance. These are real instruments, beautifully built with a sweet, bright sound. You may find cheaper viols, but not with this degree of resonance and craftsmanship. Wendy has played concerts worldwide on these instruments. Soft and hard cases and bows (Chinese and Begin bows) also available.
Charlie Ogle Chinese Violas da Gamba
Pirastro Viola da Gamba Strings
String for treble, tenor and bass viols, as well as any other strings Pirastro or Aquila makes, are available at discount prices.
K&M high quality music and instrument stands (gambas, sackbuts, guitars, etc.) available at discount prices.
A wide range of sheet music is available from such publishers as London Pro Musica, Schott, L'Oiseau Lyre, Dovehouse, Landmark Press, etc.
Mollenhauer Modern Alto Options
Mollenhauer has come out with two options for its Modern Altos. First, you now have a choice of the old, somewhat flute-like voicing, or the new standard Baroque recorder voicing. Second, you have the option of a 3-keyed E-foot, allowing you to play low E, F and F# instead of the normal F and F#. This foot can be added to older Modern Altos as well.
Herbert Paetzold Square Bass Recorders
I am again be carrying these impressive instruments. A shipment of contrabasses and great basses has arrived.
I ordered several sets (sopranino to great bass) of these extremely well-made, sweet sounding instruments. They quickly sold, and further instruments have gone so quickly that I can't keep a set in stock for myself.
Küng Greatbass in C, Knick (bent neck), stained maple, 9 keys
I got my first great bass in June. I was prepared to be disappointed after all the hype this recorder has received. However, it is one impressive instrument! It plays easily over a range of at least two octaves, with CLEAR and strong sound. The bottom C is very strong and speaks easily, without needing a soft attack. In fact, it is hard to overblow it. The highs play with surprisingly low breath pressure and speak without the necessity for strong attacks. Even the high C# plays easily, with a simple fingering, and in tune. I got 3 more; they were even better than the first one. They are already sold. I've ordered 10 more. Kung has a winner!
Mollenhauer 2446K Knick (bent-neck) Tenor, C/C# keys
The normally large stretch between the 4th and 5th finger holes, that is often a problem for people with small hands (children, too) or arthritis, is considerably reduced on this tenor. And the bent-neck design also reduces the awkward angle needed for the right wrist. The combination of these design factors and the strong bottom and easy high notes make this recorder a winner!
I can add matching keys to finger holes 3 & 4 to make this instrument easier to reach than an alto.
Mollenhauer 5430K Tenor, C/C# keys + 4th finger hole key
The normally large stretch between the 4th and 5th finger holes, that is often a problem for people with small hands (children, too) or arthritis, is almost completely eliminated on this tenor by the addition of a key for the 4th finger.
Yamaha YRT-304BKn Knick (bent-neck) Tenor, C/C# keys
I have modified Yamaha's popular plastic tenor to transform it into a bent-neck design, as suggested by a customer, Elena Cardinell. It raises the position of the right hand, allowing a straight wrist. This results in a greater ability to stretch the fingers to reach the holes/keys. This alteration often allows people with small hands or stretch/reach problems to play tenor. The design change does not affect tuning or the sound of the instrument.
I am also happy to modify your Yamaha YRT-304B plastic tenor.
Brass keys can also be added to plastic or wooden recorders.
By the way, I also carry a C/C# keyed foot joint to replace your old single-keyed joint.
I will also consider modifying your tenors of other brands, charge to be determined based on work needed to make the appropriate jig.
New Makers
I have received a few instruments by the highly-respected maker, Ralf Ehlert. These hand-made instruments are superb.
And last but not least, I now sell Moeck recorders and other early winds, such as crumhorns and shawms.
I now stock a variety of recorder-related accessories for your convenience. Cases (soft and hard), cork grease, mops, cleaning rods, Duponol, recorder oil, thumb rests (plastic, wood and brass), music stands, etc. If you would like me to stock any additional items not listed, please let me know.


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MINI of Rochester Has Great New and Used MINI Coopers in Upstate NY
Find a New MINI | Find a Used MINI in Rochester | MINI Cooper Service Center
Ah, London in the 60s: go-go boots, bell bottoms, and mini skirts (did you know that the mini skirt was named for the Mini?). The Beatles and the Stones, need we say more? They were bloody original, and so is the MINI Cooper. And a new-style British Invasion is hitting American shores again. Don't drive the same car as everyone else. For the most unique car on the road today and the ultimate in customer service, come to MINI of Rochester.
>>>Save at Our President's Day Sale
If you're looking for a new or used MINI Cooper, MINI of Rochester is here to serve upstate New York's auto needs. We carry a wide variety of new MINIs. Come test drive the straight-up MINI Cooper, Cooper Hardtop, Cooper Convertible and Cooper Countryman. We also have a large selection of MINI Next CPOs and used MINI Coopers. If you're looking for a MINI Cooper in Rochester, Rochester, Syracuse OR Finger Lakes, MINI of Rochester, NY is the MINI dealer for you.
At MINI of Rochester, we want to develop long-term relationships with our customers. Unlike other auto dealers, who make their cars all over the world, MINI is still made in Oxnard, UK. The new MINI is better than ever, and we're always improving MINI reliability and performance.
MINI of Rochester Is a Different Kind of NY Dealership
MINI of Rochester has been around for a long time, so you probably already know that we're a very reputable car dealer selling some of the cutest cars on the road today that are incredibly fun to drive. But you might not realize that we're more affordable than other dealers in Upstate NY. We do something called Comp Check Pricing so most people who buy a car with us are actually paying LESS than they'd pay at other dealers.
In addition, our sales team is really a group of sales consultants. They aren't paid on commission, so they just want to help you get the car that's right for you. They don't try to upsell you on accessories and features you don't want because they don't make more money for doing that.
And we've made the car-buying experience quicker and more efficient. It's simple: you can buy a car faster with us, often within an hour if you find the car first on our site.
And we're a lot like you. We're from here, and we care about our community. Our owner, Rick Dorschel, is community-minded and is very involved in volunteer and sponsorship activities. So if you want to work with a dealership that's as different as its cars and is constantly thinking about new ways to bring you more value, trust MINI of Rochester for your next new or used car in Rochester.
We're a Great MINI Dealership Serving Syracuse & Finger Lakes
At MINI of Rochester, our goal is to make every customer a repeat customer. That's why we take time to help you find the MINI that best fits your needs and lifestyle. Our dedicated sales team will show you what makes each MINI unique, and let you see for yourself how much fun each one is to drive.
If you're looking for a MINI Cooper in Rochester, our MINI finance team will help get you into the car of your dreams. MINI of Rochester is located right down the road from Marketplace Mall at 3875 W. Henrietta Road, north of Interstate 90 and west of Interstate 390, so no matter where you're coming from, we're easy to reach. Check our hours and directions page for the best way to get here.
Sell Us Your Used MINI Cooper, Or Get Top Trade-in Value
Used MINI Coopers hold their value better than many other brands! Our Vehicle Exchange Team wants to make you an aggressive offer for your vehicle at its peak value. Find out how much your car is worth in Rochester. Then sell us your used MINI Cooper outright or use it as a trade-in on a new MINI Cooper with a full warranty. You may surprised how much your car is worth. Let us give you a free, no-obligation appraisal today Call (585) 239-2267 for more details.
You Can Also Trust Our MINI Cooper Service Center
For all of your MINI service needs, there's only one place to go: the MINI of Rochester Service Center. Our factory-trained technicians know your MINI better than anyone and know how to keep it running great. From a simple oil change to major car repair, MINI wants to earn your trust. We use only genuine MINI parts to ensure that your MINI Cooper not only looks great but runs well too. Feel free to give us a call at (800) 816-0212 or schedule MINI service online.
If your MINI has been involved in an accident, we also have a great body shop to fix anything from a dent in the fender to major frame damage. Our collision center technicians strive to make every MINI look like new again. Check out our new and used MINIs, auto finance, MINI Cooper parts and MINI service center. Whatever your needs, MINI of Rochester is everyone's favorite MINI dealership.
MINI of Rochester Guarantees "Clear & Simple Pricing"
We want to take the stress out of buying a car. That's why at MINI of Rochester, you'll work with one person from start to finish so we can give you the kind of personalized attention our customers have come to expect. All of our cars have a "Clear Price" posted on them. This is the lowest price we can offer, so you won't need to haggle. We promise that you'll pay the lowest price the first time...and every time.
Buying a MINI Cooper in Rochester is a very "clean" experience where everyone pays the same low price for the same car. That's MINI of Rochester: "Clear. Simple. Different."
If you're looking for a 2013 MINI Cooper in Rochester, Rochester, Syracuse OR Finger Lakes, check out MINI of Rochester first.
MINI Cooper Financing Options from MINI of Rochester
Stop by MINI of Rochester to talk to one of our finance representatives about MINI financing. They want to help you get into the car you've been dreaming of. Whether you've got stellar credit or need a little help, there are financing options that are just right for you. We will find the MINI financing that fits into your budget with affordable monthly payments.
So whether you're looking for a new or used MINI Cooper, come down to see these beautiful cars for yourself, or call MINI of Rochester at (877) 275-8072 to schedule a test drive.
Test Drive a MINI Cooper in Rochester
No matter which MINI you're looking for, the only way to know if it's really the right one for you is to take it for a drive. We carry a complete line of MINI Coopers, including the Cooper Clubman, the Cooper Roadster and some pretty hot Cooper Hardtops. So take a moment to look at our inventory online and let us know which MINI you want to test drive. We'll be glad to schedule an appointment that will put a smile on your face.
What Do You Know About American Automotive History?
In the 1920s, American culture experienced extreme changes with the automobile's entrance into modern life. Rural families were no longer isolated from larger communities, and this had implications for commerce, education and agriculture. City dwellers could now escape from the pollution, noise, and congestion of their day-to-day life, at least for a weekend. *
If you're looking for a car in Rochester that's not a MINI, check the other great dealerships in the Dorschel family of car dealers:
- Dorschel Nissan
- Dorschel Toyota
- Dorschel Kia
- Dorschel Scion
- Dorschel Infinity
- Dorschel Lexus
- Dorschel Volkswagen
- Maserati of Rochester


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Bollywood actors Raj Kundra and Sanjay Dutt recently announced the launch of India's first major MMA promotion, Super Fight League, and now they have announced a three-year YouTube streaming deal to bring the promotion's shows to viewers around the world.
The promotion announced today that it now has its own channel on the popular video-sharing site – www.youtube.com/SFL – and that "fans from Mumbai to Melbourne will be able to join the action from all the fight night events of SFL".
Under the terms of the tie-up, Google will have exclusive online & mobile rights for SFL content for three years and both Google and SFL will jointly share revenues from sponsorships and advertising on www.youtube.com/SFL.
Raj Kundra, Founder Chairman, Super Fight League said, "This unique initiative by SFL to partner with YouTube will give the league a global reach on a single platform. This will allow MMA fans anywhere in the world to view the action on-demand as per their convenience, thus making the SFL channel on YouTube the biggest virtual MMA arena in the world.
"This strategic tie up will give SFL the opportunity to give MMA fans worldwide the best fight night events with some of the industry's best MMA Fighters."
Sanjay Dutt, Co Founder, Super Fight League said, "Martial Arts was invented in Asia and MMA in the West, now with our partnership with YouTube we will show the world some of the best MMA fighters of India.
"With this initiative, fans will be able to have interactions with fighters, my celebrity friends and me on our YouTube channel. SFL & YouTube will provide a comprehensive site to catch up on all the action any time of the day. So get ready for some serious action with SFL – going live from March 11th."
SFL has retained the services of Ken Pavia as its CEO. Pavia is an agent based in the US who at one time had more UFC fighters and champions on his books than the next two managers combined. But a big fallout with the UFC led to ongoing litigation and he has since sold his agency on.
The UFC has expressed an interest in the Indian market, which may have been a factor in Dutt and Kundra combining efforts to get their show off the ground first. India is the world's second-most populous country, with 1.2 billion inhabitants, and its burgeoning economy means that the nation's middle class and disposable income are both growing apace.
However there is no MMA industry or scene in India at all presently, and it will be the fame (to Indians) of Dutt and Kundra that brings attention to the project, at least initially. That explains why the first event will be headlined by James Thompson and Bob Sapp – the show is looking for a big, cartoonish novelty match to get attention and get people talking. To start off with it will be leaning towards mimicking Pride FC rather than the UFC in its approach.
February 13th 2012
fighters only magazine


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Boy Scout™ Key Ring$2.49The Scout Oath and Boy Scout emblem are featured on this 1" round medallion. Learn More
Boy Scout™ Knife Coin$39.99A welcome gift for Scouters of all ages. No bigger than a coin, this antiqued-finished brass knife is embossed on the front with the Universal Emblem, struck on the reverse with the partial image of an eagle in flight, and with space for personalized engraving. Folded compactly inside are three stainless steel blades including a knife, file and scissors. 1 7/8" long. Learn More
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Boy Scout™ Oath Silhouette Plaque$15.99The Scout Oath stands out against full-color graphics featuring a Scout in silhouette on this handsome—and versatile—plaque. Generic-use design makes it appropriate for recognizing an adult leader, a community contributor, or achievement by a youth member. Graphics are framed by a red-white-and-blue border. Simulated-wood plaque measures 6" × 8" and includes a ¾" x 2½" engraving plate for personalizing your message (engraving not included). Learn More


text: Hey Boone, when do you decide to ban someone? I have a buddy that used to go by Ricker58 and he said you banned him for talking some trash to a canadian guy. He was just joking around and you banned him. Do you feel a sense of power because you run a forum? Your pretty cool buddy. Will I get banned for asking this?


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Ever since I watched Ina Garten make her own cured salmon, I've wanted to try it. It looked ridiculously easy, and it turns out it is. I did a salmon share from Alaska last fall, which meant that I had 12 frozen sides of the best salmon sitting in the freezer. Naturally, I tried this out immediately. And it turns out you can make your own cured salmon in a week with almost no work. Add whatever flavorings you like and customize to create your own "house" version.
House Cured Salmon
Passionfruit Pavlovas
I've been wanting to make pavlovas for a long time, but it always seems like I think of it when it's raining outside so I make something else. Well, I've finally gotten around to it and these were absolutely fantastic. There are so many different ways you could change it up too, I would happily riff on this for many weeks.
This time of year, I can't help but think about Christmas desserts and these are a perfect option. Whether you're making small ones like these for a dessert buffet or just making one big one to slice and call it a day, your guests will leave happy. The light and airy meringues are perfect after a long holiday meal, and the tangy passionfruit curd cuts through any rich dishes you may have had. Try these out this year! Read more
Lobster Mac and Cheese
Lobster mac and cheese is the first thing that pops into my head when I see cheap lobster in the store. I don't know if it's just that I have visions of Ina Garten's burned into my brain or if it's my favorite way to eat lobster. Either way, you really can't go wrong. And in a nod to Ina, I put the claw on top "so you know what's inside." Read more
Nectarine Frozen Yogurt
It's true, I didn't just make this recipe. It's been a little crazy around the apartment between work and foster dogs…well, maybe you still have access to wonderful nectarines. I can only think wistfully about when I made this batch at the end of summer. I tend to use nectarines because we get more reliably delicious nectarines here, but use peaches if you get great ones. It took all my self control not to eat the whole batch in one sitting, it's really that good. I think this may be my favorite frozen dessert yet. Read more
Raspberry Brulee
I love that raspberries are available all year, and I have them almost every day in my greek yogurt. But sometimes once a day is just not enough. Imagine delicious raspberries combined with a rich creme brulee, and you're close to imagining this. But it's a little lighter with just the right amount of luxurious sweetness from the silky whipped cream. If you make it in fancy little ramekins, this would be perfect for a classy dinner party or date night. It would be equally satisfying on a rainy day tucked under a blanket watching your favorite movie though. Not that that happened. Next time it will be the fancy dinner party. Read more
Thai Crispy Pork Salad
This is one of my favorite new healthy recipes because the spicy pork/turkey mix combined with the crunchy cucumbers and quick pickled shallots is a flavorful and easy complete meal. I've lightened up the traditional laab salad by using half pork and half turkey, and by serving it in the lettuce wraps, you have an easy way to get your greens. I can't wait to make this one again. Read more
Mexican Corn Salad
I love summer corn, but I usually prefer to cut it off the cob to avoid it getting stuck in my teeth. It also lets you add even more flavors to it, which is never a bad thing. This corn salad is a fantastic version of mexican street corn that would be perfect for your Labor Day celebration. The salty bite of the cotija cheese combined with creamy avocado, smoky cumin, and fresh lime bring out the sweetness of summer corn. I can also see myself making this in the middle of winter with frozen corn to remind myself of summer when I'm looking out the window at snow. But for now, I'll enjoy it on the deck with a juicy burger. Read more
Roasted Strawberry Chocolate Gelato
How do you feel about chocolate covered strawberries? Ever feel the disappointment of the chocolate coating falling on the floor when you go to take a bite? I hope I'm not the only one.
I love strawberries and chocolate together, I think it's possibly the best dessert combination ever. This gelato combines the two in a way that's much better than neapolitan ice cream, for instance. Roasting the strawberries concentrates the flavor so that it stands up to the intense chocolate base. A little coffee or Kahlua intensifies the chocolatey flavor created by using cocoa powder and semisweet chocolate. I can't wait to make another batch of this one, it's that good. Read more
Avocado Crab Cakes
I love crab cakes but I don't love mayo. I've tried several replacements for it in my crab cakes, and I finally found the winner. Avocado gives the same rich creaminess, but also helps to bind the crab cakes like mayo would. I'm surprised I didn't try it before because crab and avocado is a classic combination– just think about the last time you had sushi. I toss a few slices of piquillo peppers on top to add a bright, slightly sweet note and serve on a few greens for the best weekend lunch ever. Or at least in recent memory. Read more
Plum Semifreddo
The great thing about frozen desserts is that they can be made ahead. This makes them perfect for summer get-togethers like my recent Fourth of July. A semifreddo is just what it describes- half frozen. It's a unique texture of ice cream combined with whipped cream, and the plum sauce is a rosy, tart foil for the rich cream. An airiness comes from the whipped egg whites folded in. It's easier and more foolproof than ice cream, so I recommend trying it this weekend! Added bonus: the plum sauce is great in yogurt, over berries, or with cake! I would even think about it over a nice pork tenderloin….


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Craig McElroy:
December 10, 2013 at 3:05 am
Hahaha, why yes, that would be unfortunate. Read carefully.
Stephen Gilberg:
December 10, 2013 at 7:49 pm
In other words, the instructor is still in too much pain to move? (Sons of Jacob tricked their enemies into getting circumcised so they couldn't fight well.)
Mattias Asteberg:
December 10, 2013 at 8:55 pm
"Due to unforeseen circumstances tonight's class 'How to predict the future' is cancelled." (A friend's joke, not mine, just thought it kind of fitting here.)
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The Adoptables
Ember is reserved and a bit timid, but what she lacks in confidence, she makes up for in sweetness.
She was picked up as a stray and will need a loving family to fatten her up and welcome her into their family.
She is a spayed mixed breed who is up-to-date on her shots. She has been at the shelter for a few weeks.
Though quiet and shy at first, she is very curious and likes to be pet and be close to people.
Stassi loves it when you scratch under her chin. This striking, gray domestic short-haired cat comes complete with her own tuxedo and socks. She is quiet, sweet and very loving.
Stassi was brought in and has been at the shelter for about a week. She is an adult, spayed and up-to-date on her shots.
The fee for adopting a dog or a cat is $85. The fee includes first shots, deworming, a heartworm check, rabies shots, spaying or neutering and a one time "well check" vet visit.
The shelter is on 3340 Presson Road in Monroe. The phone number is 704-283-8303. Adoption hours are Monday through Friday from 1 p.m. until 5 p.m. and Saturday from 10 a.m. until 3 p.m.


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By Richard Viguerie & Steve Allen |
Thursday, 29 Oct 2009 02:42 PM
The GOP party bosses are trying to stop a conservative from going to Congress.
In the Nov. 3 special election in New York's 23rd Congressional District (in the northeastern part of the state, which includes Watertown), there is a three-way race to succeed Congressman John McHugh, who resigned to become secretary of the Army in the Obama administration.
The candidates are Democrat Bill Owens; Dede Scozzafava, a Republican who is more liberal than Owens; and Conservative Party candidate Doug Hoffman.
Republican Party leaders are supposed to represent the interests and values of grass-roots Republicans. But, in upcoming election, some GOP officials are campaigning for the left-wing Republican in name only (RINO) Dede Scozzafava, who's been backed in previous elections by ACORN's political party arm, the Working Families Party.
As a member of the New York Assembly, Scozzafava compiled a voting record to the left of most Democrats in the legislature, including votes for multiple tax increases.
Even though no Republicans in the House voted for Obama's stimulus bill, Scozzafava says she would have. She is an advocate of the card check legislation to eliminate the secret ballot in union certification elections, effectively forcing people to support left-wing unions against their will.
According to the left-wing Daily Kos, Scozzafava is "to the left of most Democrats on social issues," including same-sex marriage. LifeNews.com reports that "much of her campaign's funding has come from pro-abortion groups."
The National Republican Congressional Committee has given Scozzafava hundreds of thousands of dollars raised overwhelmingly from conservatives.
That's right: After using conservative issues and conservative language to raise money from conservatives, they're putting that money behind an ACORN-type liberal.
That's immoral. And it's politically disastrous.
Scozzafava's campaign is collapsing, and she's likely to come in third among three candidates. Yet there's a very good chance that she could pull just enough votes away from conservative Doug Hoffman to allow the liberal Democrat to win with less than 40 percent.
Hoffman has been endorsed by conservatives like Sarah Palin, Michelle Malkin, Sean Hannity, Fred Thompson, Rick Santorum, Dick Armey, Michele Bachmann, Steve Forbes, Mark Levin, Jim DeMint, Dana Rohrabacher, Todd Tiahrt, Tom Cole . . . by the Club for Growth and the American Conservative Union . . . and by The Washington Times, National Review, and The Wall Street Journal editorial page.
The special election next week will be reported widely as a referendum on President Obama's policies. It will be seen as a bellwether.
If the Democrats capture a previously solid Republican seat in Congress, it will set off liberal celebrations from coast to coast.
The media will tout it as proof that the GOP is dead and Obama's polices are what the people want. And, of course, Nancy Pelosi will have one more vote she can count on for her entire ultra-liberal agenda.
But if Scozzafava wins, there is actually an even worse scenario: The media will conclude that that only way for Republicans to win is to be even more liberal than the Democrats.
However, if Hoffman wins, not only will we have a principled conservative in the House, it could shake things up in Washington, D.C. If a conservative candidate can beat both the Republican and Democratic candidates, every member of Congress will sit up and take notice.
This could have a dramatic effect on many issues, especially Obamacare.
Richard Viguerie, who pioneered the use of direct mail in politics, has been called "one of the creators of the modern conservative movement" by The Nation magazine. Dr. Allen, a journalist and political analyst, is the creator of the satirical comic strip "The Gentleman from Lickskillet."
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Cold sores. Nemours Kids Health website. Available at:
http://kidshealth.org/parent/infections/common/cold%5Fsores.html. Updated October 2010. Accessed March 30, 2013.
Herpes labialis. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at:
http://www.ebscohost.com/dynamed. Updated May 27, 2011. Accessed March 20, 2013.
Herpes simplex: Diagnosis, treatment, and outcome.
American Academy of Dermatology
website. Available at:
http://www.aad.org/skin-conditions/dermatology-a-to-z/herpes-simplex/diagnosis-treatment/herpes-simplex-diagnosis-treatment-and-outcome. Accessed March 20, 2012.
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Blog: Chinese Moves Define Self Interests
|Rear Adm. Michael McDevitt, USN (Ret.), director, Center for Naval Analyses Strategic Studies (r), discusses China's modernization as fellow panelist Dr. Jacqueline Newmeyer, president and chief executive officer, Long Term Strategy Group LLC, and panel moderator David Hartman, former host of Good Morning America, listen.
China is moving systematically to be a world power in economics and military operations by 2050, say panelists discussing whether China is a friend or a foe. However, none of this morning's panelists from the "China: Friend or Foe" breakfast dialogue could resolve that overall issue. They noted that many of China's moves are based on supporting its long march to modernization, and it sees continued peace in East Asia as a key to achieving that goal. However, it believes it must be able to counter U.S. military power to ensure its continued progress. And, it has gone to war frequently in the past 60 years, often while at peace.
Rear Adm. Michael McDevitt, USN (Ret.), director, Center for Naval Analyses Strategic Studies, noted that China is simultaneously a partner, a competitor and a potential enemy. The Bush Administration "got China right" in its foreign policy, the Obama Administration inherited a good relationship that it mustn't make worse.
Dr. Jacqueline Newmeyer, president and chief executive officer, Long Term Strategy Group LLC, agreed with Adm. McDevitt on the Bush Administration China legacy, but she noted that China has the "dramatic ambition" to vie with the United States. China does want peace in the region, but it doesn't want to be encircled by potentially rival or hostile nations.
Adm. McDevitt looked at some issues from China's perspective. He is concerned that the United States is pursuing a competing strategic framework in Asia, and he noted that most issues are maritime in nature. China's economic growth engine largely is based in its coastal regions, which are extremely vulnerable to U.S. naval forces.
Newmeyer cast a cautious eye on China's internal socio-economic structure. She sees "real questions about China's ability to move up the economic food chain," particularly given its sclerotic society and government controls that hinder innovative behavior. She also sees "real prospects" for political instability in China, which drives much of the government's need for internal control.


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Hold down Control (PC) or Command (Mac) key + mouseclick to select more than one option
|Avg. Dinner Entrée
|Greater than $25
|$18.01 - $25
|$12.01 - $18
|$7.01 - $12
|Less than $7
Posted by VeggieLover on 08/18/2013
Darbster is a true gem..There are so many choices including raw foods that were incredibly delicious. Is it healthier than most absolutely, and still seduces the carnivore to sample a plant based diet. That's an amazing vegan restaurant, keep up the good work & spreading a true message of hope!
Posted by jenna on 07/31/2013
Sorry to say that most of the main hot dishes are nothing more than vegan junk food. Daiya, Gardein, coconut oil, fried etc are the farthest thing from healthy. Check out Jeff Novick on oils or the movie forks over knives, or Dr. Essleystyn, Dr neal Barnard, Dr. Fuhrman, Dr. Mcdougall etc for starters. Was hoping to finally find a real healthy place to eat. Also check out the BART test if any of you have any doubts about how any fat damages your vascular system for hours after ingesting.
Posted by Rich on 03/24/2012
Being on a whole food plant based diet it's great find a place where you can order anything on the menu without being concerned if it's OK. This truly a five star resturant for us.
Posted by Anonymous on 10/09/2011
Worth the price, $8 lunch special, amazing taste, friendly staff! highly recommended. dont judge you for not being vegan. the chikin parm is better than most veal Ive had.
Posted by Anonymous on 07/03/2011
I never new vegetarian food could be so innovative and amazing an the employees never forget u it's like extended family
Posted by Nikki Copeland on 08/30/2010
Even my super meat eating boyfriend loves it! Really a lot of different food choices so it will satisfy everyones taste buds.. Only complaint.. its not open all the time =(


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International GT Open Has Ferrari GT Entries
Balfe Motorsport will be contesting five rounds of the International GT Open this year. The UK outfit of GT enthusiasts has been visiting...Read More
AF Corse Defends Championship Lead at 6 HRS of Shanghai
To defend their current Championship lead is the target for Ferrari, AF Corse, Gianmaria Bruni and Toni Vilander this weekend. On the eve...Read More
Ferrari Wins Class at Spa 24 Hours
In it's 90th year, the classic Spa 24 Hours has been won by Audi Belgium WRT with their R8. Overall victory was suspected to be won by one...Read More
Two Class Poles for AF Corse Ferrari
Ferrari's Le Mans 24 Hours got off on the right foot, especially for the AF Corse 458 Italia GT2 cars. In both the Pro and Am LMGTE...Read More
Spa: FIA WEC Results (Spoilers)
It didn't take long for Ferrari to make up for the disappointment of the opening round at Silverstone of the FIA WEC (World Endurance...Read More
Bruni Aiming for Repeat, Calado Debuts
Sunday at Silverstone sees the first round of the FIA WEC series, the World Endurance Championship in which Ferrari will be aiming to...Read More
FIA WEC Season Gets Underway
Sunday at Silverstone sees the first round of the FIA WEC series, the World Endurance Championship in which Ferrari will be aiming to...Read More
Blancpain Endurance Series Opener Results
There were two wins for Ferrari in the opening round of the Blancpain Endurance Series. The outright win went to the ART Grand Prix...Read More
AF Corse: Four Cars in International GT Open
AF Corse, the stalwart Italian GT team closely linked to Ferrari and present in the GT scene around the world, will continue to be one of...Read More
82nd Le Mans 24 Hours: Eleven Team Players
Eleven nominated with three reserves. A football team? No, the number of 458 GT2s Ferrari will enter to tackle the 82nd Le Mans 24 Hours,...Read More
7 Ferrari 458 GT's: 2014 FIA WEC Championship
Ferrari and AF Corse will defend their LMGTE Pro world manufacturer and team titles with a pair of Ferrari 458 Italias, with 2013 champion...Read More
AF CORSE Announces 2014 458 GT Plans
AF CORSE, the 2012 Blancpain Endurance Series GT3 PRO AM Champions and last year's runners-up in the same category, will again be a force...Read More


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Below are abstracts for most publications. These are provided for two reasons.
First, because of the interdisciplinary nature of my research program, no abstract service covers all journals in which I publish.
Second, abstract services too often provide abbreviated, misleading, or erroneous versions of the original published abstracts. With respect to publication #3, for instance, PsycINFO, begins "Using 38 paid college students" when the sample actually consisted of 40 student volunteer participants! Or regarding #43, PsycINFO specifies an "inverted backward-U function" when the original publication correctly says "inverted backward J function" (how can a U function be backward anyway?).
Of course, it is also more convenient to have all of the abstracts in one place, especially from the perspective of internet searches.
Honors Publications Received
Representative Journal Articles
Complete Publication List
Works in Progress | Works in Review
Home Page
Last updated: June 16, 2015


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Deep End Pools recommend swimming pool sand changes every 4 years to ensure the best of water clarity and hygiene within the swimming pool.
Deep End Pools can give you a total swimming pool filter media change that will be guaranteed to improve your swimming pools water quality.
Swimming Pool Filter Sand Changes are normally undertaken every 4 years or when new to a property. The sand filter is the 'rubbish bin' of your swimming pool. This is where all the dirt and bacteria from the swimming pool is removed. That is why we recommend you do not delay in having a filter sand change by Deep End Pools.
Filter Sand Change A normal service will involve:
We work on all popular sand filters including:
Triton Sand Filter, Tagelus Sand Filter, Atika Sand Filter, Vision Sand Filter, Astral Sand Filters, Hydroswim Sand Filters, Lacron Sand Filters, Waterco Sand Filters,
The service is very popular during the summer season as it cures most swimming pool clarity issues.


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Mission Oak Five-Drawer Dresser
Sale $964.80
Reg. $1,072.00
Item Number: 50629
Our Mission Oak Furniture Collection exemplifies classic mission styling through intricate rectangular designs, rich oak grains and color, hammered iron accents and leather upholstery. A modern update is achieved through innovative design elements, such as expandable and hidden compartments, and well-thought-out functional pieces to make your life easier.


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When I returned my Cronin books to the library a few weeks ago, I wound up perusing the stacks and inexplicably picked out two non-fiction reads at random. Just finished the first---"Veil: The Secret Wars of the CIA 1981 - 1987", by Bob Woodward. Talk about a cast of characters! I slogged through to the very end, and even though it was hard to keep people and timelines straight in my mind, the basic narrative was fairly easy to follow. It was worth the time, and brought back a lot of memories of the scandal at the time. Always kind of neat to take a look at the behind-the-scenes action, and the thought processes of those in charge.
Book # 2 is "D-Day, June 6, 1944: The Climactic Battle of WWII" by Stephen Ambrose. Who knows how long THAT will take me!?


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All Videos
Video CategoriesAll Videos Events & Interviews New & Popular Play Lab Sneak Peek The Toy Guy on Tour Top 10
April 11, 2011
Kids can interact with music with Maestro-Bot, new in the Alphie Databots line from Hasbro. Maestro-Bot is a musical playmate with a…
Nerf Super Soakers
April 4, 2011
The Nerf Super Soaker Scatter Blast is a pump-action water blaster that releases five blasts of water up to 25 feet. Simply slide the pump…
Moon Dough Magic Zoo
April 1, 2011
Magic Zoo is the latest playset in the Moon Dough line of products. Now kids can use Moon Dough, the moldable dough that never dries out,…
Barbie Fashionistas Swappin Styles
March 21, 2011
Barbie Fashionistas Swappin' Styles is a new collectible line featuring dolls in six different styles: cutie, glam, artsy, sassy, sporty,…
Moon Dough Magic Zoo
March 14, 2011
Magic Zoo is the latest playset in the Moon Dough line of products. Now kids can use Moon Dough, the moldable dough that never dries out,…
LEGO Ninjago
February 28, 2011
LEGO is introducing a new themed line called Ninjago. The story behind this new line of building sets involves four young ninjas who must…
Hot Wheels Speed & Splash Duel
February 28, 2011
Make bath time fun with the Hot Wheels Speed & Splash Duel. The playset uses suction cups to stick to the bathtub wall so kids can easily…
Disney Singing Princesses
February 21, 2011
The Disney princesses are singing their way into homes through a new doll line from Disney. The Singing Princess doll line includes…
Hot Wheels 4-Lane Elimination Race
February 7, 2011
Find out which of your Hot Wheels cars is the fastest with the Hot Wheels 4-Lane Elimination Race playset. This cool new track allows kids…
Little Mommy Wipey Dipey
January 31, 2011
With Little Mommy Wipey Dipey, girls can "feed" their baby doll and then check what's in the doll's diaper. After drinking from her bottle,…


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Club Resources
Clubs and Organization Forms
When your organization is planning an event, you may need to obtain funds or permission for certain activities. The following is a list of commonly used forms that you can also find in the Student Life Office (A118).
- Budget Request Form: Details how the organization will spend money for Student Activities Finance Board approval.
- Trip Information Sheet: For use when students, faculty and staff sign-up for trips at the Cashier's Office.
- Off-Campus Activity Release Form: Required for off-campus activity meetings, etc.
- Sports Club Release Form: Good for participation in one club sport for one term.
- Service-Learning Release Form: Required for any off-campus Service-Learning Club activity.
- Club Service Report: To be completed after any club service event.


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The dramatic scale of Hezbollah's rearmament will not be without consequences. Jeffrey Feltman, assistant secretary of state for Near Eastern affairs, told Haaretz yesterday that "he was growing increasingly worried by reports describing the quantity and types of weapons being smuggled to the terrorist organization." The Washington Post reports that Hezbollah has dispersed its rockets throughout Lebanon, ensuring a conflict that will engulf the entire country. Tony Badran wonders whether Bashar Assad has foolishly convinced himself that he will again be held harmless if another war breaks out.
The war calculations of Iran, Syria, and Hezbollah involve an estimation of how much time the Obama administration will give Israel to fight. In 2006 — very much owing, of course, to Israel's poor performance — the IDF fought for only a month before accepting terms from the UN. There are good reasons to believe that next time, Israel will have even less time.
A new war would explode the myth that Obama's outreach to the Arabs and pressure on Israel have set the Middle East on a new path. Israeli-Arab wars, this narrative holds, were the kind of things that happened during the Bush years, when the president ignored the peace process and alienated Muslims, and neocons imperiled world peace before breakfast. To have a war unfold in the enlightened, post-Cairo speech era, after dozens of visits by George Mitchell to the region — that would be quite an embarrassment.
How many days — much less weeks — would pass before Obama began criticizing the Israeli operation and refusing diplomatic protection at the UN?
The resistance groups are surely counting on America to enforce a short conflict that restricts the IDF's ability to strike back forcefully at Hezbollah. But it is not clear, given Obama's declining political fortunes, how much leverage he will have over Israel. In private, the Arabs will be telling Obama to let Israel finish the job. What Nasrallah is counting on, Obama may not be able to deliver. Or may choose not to. Or F-16s may begin sorties over Damascus. The uncertainty about where America stands is dangerous.
Obama hoped that tilting the United States away from Israel and toward the Arabs would transform America into an "honest broker" and, therefore, a trusted mediator. He has been fastidiously promoting a narrative of equal culpability. But as we have seen over the past year, this rhetoric, aside from its departure from reality, alienates Israelis while gaining nothing from the Arabs but a hardening in their belief that their intransigence will win out in the end.
To the extent that Obama's evenhandedness is interpreted by Hezbollah as a sign that the risks associated with another attack on Israel have been lessened, there will be a heightened likelihood of conflict. America, as the ultimate guarantor of the regional order, has over the past few decades internalized a hard truth about the Middle East: be a strong ally of Israel and prevent conflict, or be an indecisive friend and invite conflict. Obama imagines that his presidency allows the United States to transcend old choices — "false choices" as he calls them — but one decision he will always have to make is where he stands between friends and enemies. Not to choose is also a choice.


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Home > Regional > Local Authorities > Test Valley > Test Valley Map
This is the index of street in Test Valley. Each street listed below links to a map of Test Valley. If you can't see the road or street you want to locate on the map, then check the alphabetical index above.
This index uses simple click navigation with lists of streets rather like an A to Z. Just click on the street you want to find on the map and you will be taken to a map centred on that street.
You can also check house price trends in Test Valley.
All map data is copyright by the respective copyright holders. Any commercial use of map data is prohibited without prior permission from map copyright owners. Maps may be printed for personal use only.
Any commercial use of information within this site or linked to by this site is prohibited without prior permission. You may though use the information for personal or academic purposes. Map data is copyright by the respective copyright holders. House Price information including property price trends are based on analysis by PROVISER of UK actual house sold price information and is copyright PROVISER. Whilst every effort has been made to try to ensure the accuracy of information on this site, We cannot guarantee that it is all accurate or up-to-date. You should ensure that you confirm any information that you will rely on with the appropriate source.


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Liam Soper:
June 7, 2012 at 2:53 am
So sad to see 1 of my favorite websites ruined by countless ads and new formats
Josh Tolley:
June 11, 2012 at 5:02 am
There's ad's on this site? Hmm thanks Ad Block Plus :D
Cristian Balaski:
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This new format is going to lose a lot of viewers.
Ramen Williamson:
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Damn, one of my fave sites ruined by millions of ads, and new formats.
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New format sucks. Bye.
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Sure wish people would shut up about something as pointless as a website layout. You click on the orange box. It's not difficult to figure out or inconvenient. Shut up.
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Used to love this sight, now a new page for every post so we can get more ads shoved down our throats. Guess my free time will be on www.Textsfromlastnight.com now.
Wade Bruner:
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>Not using Ad-Block Plus
Tara Yurcek:
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I only started using this website yesterday with the old format. liked it better than this format.
Ashley Yancey:
June 7, 2012 at 2:16 pm
:/.... Well now I wont waste so much of my day on this site... Maybe I will go be productive instead lol.
Chris Merrett:
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Yeah what everyone else said...hate the new formt
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How do you get HIV from chicken..
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This new style sucks.
Jimmy Timmermans:
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Why oh why did they ruin the layout of this site. Now I need to look for a new site to look at during my lunch.
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The present invention provides an intermediary device which alters a surrounding environment and attaches to and/or integrates with at least one other device with little or no effect on devices to which the intermediary device is attached.
1. An intermediary device comprising,
a vaporizing device for volatilizing a vapor producing material having a first male end configured with light bulb threads and a second female end configured with light socket threads for receipt of a light bulb, said vaporizing device having a heat conduit to convey heat from said light bulb to said vapor producing material to boost volatilization; and
an electrical connection between said first end and said second end.
2. The intermediary device of
3. The intermediary device of
4. The intermediary device of
5. The intermediary device of
This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/407,394 entitled Intermediary Device and filed on Aug. 30, 2002 which is incorporated herein by reference.
This invention relates, generally, to a device which can serve as an intermediary device between other devices, and more particularly, to an intermediary device which alters the environment while leaving the other devices generally unaffected.
While the way in which the present invention addresses the disadvantages of the prior art will be discussed in greater detail below, in general, the present invention provides an intermediary device which attaches to and/or integrates with at least one other device, the intermediary device, altering a surrounding environment with little to no effect on devices to which it is attached.
The subject invention will hereinafter be described in conjunction with the appended drawing figures, wherein like numerals denote like elements, and:
The following description is of exemplary embodiments of the invention only, and is not intended to limit the scope, applicability or configuration of the invention in any way. Rather, the following description is intended to provide a convenient illustration for implementing various embodiments of the invention. As will become apparent, various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of the elements described in these embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention as set forth herein. For example, in the context of the present invention, the method and apparatus hereof find particular use in connection with environment altering systems such as air fresheners. However, generally speaking, various volatizable materials such as insect repellants, deodorizers, sanitizers, and/or the like are suitable for use in accordance with the present invention. Additionally, various embodiments of the present invention are described in conjunction with specific appliances and devices, though it should be appreciated that the scope of the present invention should not be considered limited to those specifically mentioned herein.
An intermediary device 100 in accordance with the present invention is provided for herein. Generally, device 100 comprises a structure configured to alter a surrounding environment, which can also be attached and/or integrated with at least one other device. For example, as mentioned above, device 100 may comprise an air freshener such as a solid, gel, liquid (e.g., scented oil) air freshening device which is attached to, for example and as described in further detail below, a home appliance.
In general, in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention,
For example, referring to the exemplary embodiments illustrated in
In accordance with various embodiments of the present invention, device 100 is a discrete, low-noticeability unit. In this context, "discrete, low-noticeability" refers generally to various characteristics of the same. For example, in the context of an intermediary device which is located between a wall outlet and a standard plug (e.g., connected to radio, alarm clock, etc.), as can be seen in
However, discrete and/or low-noticeability may also be obtained in a number of alternative manners. For example, with momentary reference to
Of course, in addition to separate hiding features, intermediary device 100 may also have other generally discrete/camouflaged characteristics as in the case of the wall plug and other embodiments. For example, with reference to
In various embodiments, intermediary device 100 comprises materials suitable for use in applications where electricity or heat are present. For example, intermediary device 100 may comprise a base material of a non-conductive nature such as plastic, ceramic, fiberglass or the like. Intermediary device 100 may further comprise various conductive materials (e.g., copper, aluminum, other metals or the like), such that electric current or heat can pass through intermediary device 100.
In an embodiment such as that described in
Male end 505 is attached to or otherwise integrated with an environment altering portion 506. In this embodiment, environment altering portion 506 comprises various components and structure which serve to alter the environment surrounding intermediary device 100. For example, in the context of a vapor-dispensing device 100, portion 506 comprises any combination of a material to be vaporized (insect repellant, air freshener, deodorizer or the like) in various forms (gel, solid, liquid, etc.), heating elements, material evacuation elements (e.g., a fan), control switches, switches for activating and de-activating the environment altering device and/or devices to which intermediary device 100 is connected, venting and the like. Of course, it should be appreciated that in various embodiments, some of these components may not be present, and other components not listed here may be present. Nonetheless, all of the same variously fall within the scope of the present invention.
In this exemplary embodiment, intermediary device 100 further comprises a female end 507. Female end 507 comprises a socket for receiving light bulb 503. Generally, the socket of female end 507 is configured to receive and retain light bulb 503, and thus, in instances where light bulb 503 is threaded, female end 507 will be similarly sized and threaded. In alternative embodiments, female end 507 may be configured in non-threaded manners yet which retain light bulb 503, such as, for example, by snap fit. Similarly, intermediary device 100 and/or female end 507 may act in an adaptive sense in that the size of female end 507 may not correspond to socket 502 so as to allow various light bulbs which would not otherwise fit socket 502 to be used with lamp 500.
Briefly, however, in other embodiments, intermediary device 100 need not follow such contours or have male and female ends, but rather may comprise a configuration which is separate from the typical plug and socket type configurations described above. For example, intermediary device 100 may comprise, in various embodiments a configuration which encompasses part of first or second device 110, 120. One such example might include a "ring" configuration which encircles and connects with lamp socket 502, but is not configured with its own socket 507 and rather, bulb 503 still connects with socket 502.
As mentioned above, intermediary device 100 comprises various elements which alter the environment surrounding device 100. One such example is alteration by dispensation of a vapor. In such embodiments, in addition to male and female ends (505, 507) and generally within altering portion 506, with reference to
Briefly, retainer 602 is any mechanism/structure capable of receiving and retaining reservoir 600. For example, the embodiment of
Finally, while the present invention has been described above with reference to various exemplary embodiments, many changes, combinations and modifications may be made to the exemplary embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. For example, the various components may be implemented in alternate ways. These alternatives can be suitably selected depending upon the particular application or in consideration of any number of factors associated with the operation of the system. In addition, the techniques described herein may be extended or modified for use with other types of devices. These and other changes or modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
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