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What You Should Know
|Star Rating
|2 or More Patented Ingredients
|Less Than $5 Shipping
|Trial Offer
|Rejuval Skin (2014 Editors Choice)
|Facial Toner
|IQ Derma
|Meaningful Beauty
|Tracie Martyn
Tracie Martyn is a make-up artist who has worked in the fashion industry since the early 1980's. She has worked with some of the most well known photographers in the world and some of her work has been featured in publications such as Vanity Fair and Vogue. Tracie Martyn has used her knowledge of the cosmetics field to create a treatment called Resculpting Facial. She uses a combination of holistic ingredients as well as yoga and massage in her treatments.
Tracie Martyn has an upscale salon on Fifth Avenue in Manhattan where customers can go to receive treatments, but there is also a line of skin care products available for purchase from the official website. Tracie Martyn products are endorsed by many celebrities such as Susan Sarandon, Cyndi Lauper, and Renee Zellweger.
On the official Tracie Martyn website you will find only four products. Three are facial products and they are the Firming Serum, Amla Purifying Cleanser, and Enzyme Exfoliant. There is one body care product called Shakti Resculpting Body Lotion as well.
Product Details
The most popular anti-aging product available from Tracie Martyn is the Firming Serum. This product claims to contain botanicals, anti-oxidants, vitamins, and "rejuvenating epidermal growth factors" that may counteract skin thinning due to aging and factors such as everyday environmental exposure.
The exact ingredients are not listed on the official website and if you contact the manufacturer, they send you this vague list of ingredients: Superior Antioxidant Synergy Complex (SOD, Tocopherol, European Wild Blueberry), Anti-aging peptide, Regenerative Epidermal Growth Factors(repair thinning, aging skin while boosting collagen and elastin production). Patented Glycosaminoglycans(reduce moisture loss, stop the breakdown of collagen by inhibiting MMP enzymes, strengthen and firm the skin), Skin-compatible moisturizing agents(Hyaluronic, Squalane and Ceramides) High-tech delivery system, NO Propylene(Butylene, etc.) Glycol, NO Parabens, NO Animal Testing.
The other products on the website don't display an ingredients list either but contain natural ingredients such as papaya and sugar cane based enzymes, as well as acne fighters such as salicylic acid.
The Good
- Tracie Martyn products can be ordered directly from the official website.
- Many endorsements by famous celebrities.
- Tracie Martyn products are not tested on animals.2
The Bad
- The exact ingredients list isn't available on the official website. If you contact them, they send you a vague list. You may have to contact them twice for an exact list.
- No trials or samples are available on the official website.
- There is only one salon and it is located in Manhattan and has a long waiting list.
- There are no clinical trials posted on the official website.
- Product return policy is not clear.
The Bottom Line
Tracie Martyn products are fairly expensive and the mixed reviews around the Internet may make you think twice about purchasing these products. The ingredients are not posted in detail so we aren't exactly sure what the products contain. We recommend sticking with an anti-aging product that not only posts all of the ingredients but contains some well known and proven cutting-edge wrinkle fighters.


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Welcome to
Delicate Nobby
Camping Ground
Located on the NSW, North coast the camping ground is set in a unique, unspoilt bushland setting,...........whilst offering the convenience of modern amenities.
Situated between the newly gazetted, Goolawah National Park,
and the Wilderness Declared Area, Limeburners Creek Nature Reserve
and bordered by some of the best beaches and rocky headlands in NSW.
Delicate Nobby Camping Ground is the perfect retreat for your hassle free holiday.
NSW North Coast

subset: commoncrawl


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Fencing Competes at New England Invitational
November 4, 2000
Northampton, MASS. - The men's and women's fencing teams competed in their first tournament of the season, the NEIFC/NEWIFA Fall Tournament, at Smith College this Saturday. The scoring for this tournament was compiled on an individual basis.
Overall, Boston College Fencing performed strongly this weekend. In women's foil competition, senior Michelle Guevera took top honors, finishing in first place out of a field of 44. Senior Epeeist Regina Lennox tied for third in individual epee competition while Kate Boyle took fifth place. Finally, BC's own Meagan Kenny tied for third place out of 40 in the women's sabre to complete the Eagles' string of top 3 finishes. Sophomore Maritza Martinez also performed strongly, pulling in at seventh place.
The men's team boasted a strong performance this weekend as well. Paul Taylor, Greg Shea and Corban Rhodes all finished in the top-10 in foil competition. This was the first collegiate tournament for both Taylor and Rhodes. Seniors Jeff Marston and Zakee Howard claimed 5th and 10th place, respectively, in the men's epee while Steve Sztuk took the bronze in sabre.
The Eagles will compete next at Tufts University in Medford, MA, on Saturday, November 11. Teams from John's Hopkins and Army will be present in addition to the teams from Tufts and BC. Scores will be compiled on both a team and individual basis.


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The King's Own Calgary Regiment (RCAC)
Mewata Armoury
801-11th Street SW
Calgary, AB T2P 2C4
(403) 410-2320 ext 3428
The King's Own Calgary Regiment (Royal Canadian Armoured Corps), located at the Mewata Armoury in Calgary, Alberta is a Reserve force Armoured corp unit that provides reconnaissance support for 41 Canadian Brigade Group.
If you are interested in joining The King's Own Calgary Regiment (RCAC) or want information about other reserve opportunities, please contact our recruiting office at 403-974-2908
You can also visit the Canadian Armed Fores Recruiting website to learn more.
Wednesday nights 7- 10 pm during the training year (September to May).
The King's Own Calgary Regiment (RCAC) originated in Calgary, Alberta on April 1, 1910, when the 103rd Regiment Calgary Rifles was authorized to be formed. On March 15, 1920 it was reorganized as two separate regiments, designated The Alberta Regiment (now The South Alberta Light Horse) and The Calgary Regiment.
Continue reading The King's Own Calgary Regiment (RCAC)


text: The libtool(s) we have in the ports tree don't do things right for us. If (say) you use gcc -L/usr/local/lib, and you link with .libs/libfoo.la, then libtool will arrange stuff so that you get gcc -L/usr/local/lib -L.libs -lfoo The issue is that, if there is a libfoo under /usr/local/lib, you link with THAT one instead of the one you've just built. It should be possible to teach libtool that, when it sees .libs/libfoo.la on a link line, the -L.libs option should migrate up in front of -L/usr/local/lib. I know I can do it, I just don't have the time to dive into libtool again, and frankly, I'm a bit tired. If someone feels like tackling a huge pile of rotting shell, find out what needs to be changed, and produce a small patch, that would be VERY nice.


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Click on "Choose Category" and pick the category that you'd like to search through or explore.
+44 20 3239 5151
Available from 9am to 4pm London time, Mo-Fr.
Or use our contact form and the FAQ.
Photo ID: 168354
Added: 6. Jun 2009
License: Photocase Basic License
für dioxin - er hat scheinbar einen ganz heißen draht
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text:
MacBreak Weekly 354: Leave Cindy Alone!
Leo Laporte, Andy Ihnatko, Scott Knaster, Aaron Hillegass, and I roundup WWDC 2013.
Download or subscribe: TWiT.tv
Have something to say about this story? Leave a comment! Need help with something else? Ask in our forums!
Reader comments
MacBreak Weekly 354: Leave Cindy Alone!
MBW has devolved very rapidly over the last year, despite Rene's (and Alex's) efforts to bring it back on track. The signal to noise ratio has dropped into the barely registerable. This latest episode, with all of the snarky, back-handed jibes at Apple and the constant shilling for Google, was the last straw for me. So after more than seven years, I finally decided to just unsubscribe. I'd rather catch Rene's coverage elsewhere.


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Unlocking the Key to Deep Sleep
By Sarah Fenske
Making the Ferguson Commission Matter
By Danny Wicentowski
My Fake Boyfriend Became a Real-Life Crush
By Lindsay Toler
Rep. Jeffrey Pogue Bill Would Ban Unisex Bathrooms
By Danny Wicentowski
Darren Wilson Gives Speech to Nonprofit
By Danny Wicentowski
Angel Stewart and Other Victims of Violence Ask for Mercy
By Jessica Lussenhop
Obama Praises St. Louis' LaunchCode
By Lindsay Toler
By Lindsay Toler
Hiding assets was uppermost in Joshua's mind. He hit on a plan to trade BD for gold that could be hidden in safe-deposit boxes. They'd still pay taxes, but they'd declare income on the basis of the face value of $50 coins each containing $320 worth of gold.
"Some of our clients are rich people," Joshua told his mother. "We could trade them an ounce of gold for a two-gallon container. Do you know how much money we could make? Shit, if we did 100 two-gallon orders, we'd have $320,000 worth of gold coins, boom, like that. And then that could be liquidated -- there's no way to get in trouble selling gold and silver." Cassandra agreed that was a good idea and posted a message on the Web site saying Miracle Cleaning Products wanted to buy bullion.
Joshua suggested making sales of state quarters the main focus of the Web site and selling BD as a coin cleaner. He also pondered pitching various other products that would clutter up the site, even if they never sold. That would make the BD less conspicuous. "That's always going to be the big seller -- our established clients will know what they're doing," he told his mother. "It should be hard to find the magic product, man. It should be buried behind a million other things. We'll put an American flag up, maybe, with coins that we sell. We could even sell American flags if we wanted to. We'll be covered, man. If they take us to court and look at our site and they see 'Well, they're selling a bunch of patriotic shit and they're talking about America and keeping America clean,' what's the judge going to say?"
Those plans never came to pass. And for all their talk of gold, the Harveys didn't have the Midas touch. Joshua didn't even know what a Krugerrand was. "Isn't that just a coin from another country?" he asked his mother.
In the end, the Harveys couldn't come up with anything better than stashing money in Cassandra's house. When police broke down her door more than a month after the DEA began seizing shipments, she had $146,000 in cash. The government found nearly $180,000 in various bank and online accounts. Besides the money, the feds seized all the vehicles and Joshua's house. The bounty will be divided between the federal government and the Festus Police Department, with Festus getting 40 percent.
No trial date has been set for Joshua and Cassandra.
Both are undergoing mental evaluations.
Sponsor Content


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Brian X. Chen
Brian X. Chen, the lead consumer technology writer for The New York Times, reviews technology products. Before joining The Times in 2011, he worked at Wired, where his reporting on Apple and the wireless industry led to the publication of "Always On," a book about how the smartphone revolution transformed society, business and culture. He also helped create TheWirecutter.com. a popular product recommendation website. He lives in San Francisco.
Why Consumers Should Tread Carefully with Samsung Galaxy's Price Cut
Samsung is reducing the price of its Galaxy S6 mobile phone. That doesn't necessarily mean that buyers should rush in.
July 30, 2015, Thursday
Windows 10 Review: A Throwback With Upgrades in Software and Security
The Start button is back, in a more modern fashion, and the tablet mode, while perhaps intimidating for longtime Windows users, has familiar touches.
July 30, 2015, Thursday
MORE ON: Microsoft Corp , Windows (Operating System) , Search Engines , Software
Apple Profit Up 38%, but iPhone Sales Disappoint Wall Street
While the quarter's phone sales were one-third higher than a year ago, at 47.5 million, they fell short of analysts' estimates, and the stock fell.
July 22, 2015, Wednesday
MORE ON: Apple Inc , Company Reports , iPhone , iPad , Computers and the Internet
Apple Waits as App Developers Study Who's Buying Its Watch
Facebook and other companies have struggled with how wearers of the device could have a good experience with their apps tailored to a small screen.
July 20, 2015, Monday
MORE ON: Apple Inc , Wearable Computing , Mobile Applications , Facebook Inc , Snapchat Inc , Google Inc
Apple Music Is Strong on Design, Weak on Social Networking
The service brags that its playlists are curated by people not algorithms; on the other hand, its social network app needs retooling.
July 2, 2015, Thursday
MORE ON: Apple Inc , Audio Recordings, Downloads and Streaming , Music , Apple Music
Ruling That Apple Led E-Book Pricing Conspiracy Is Upheld
A federal appeals court said it agreed with a 2013 decision that Apple conspired with publishers to raise prices for e-books.
July 1, 2015, Wednesday
Taylor Swift Scuffle Aside, Apple's New Music Service Is Expected to Thrive
The tech giant has managed to keep regulators at bay and to appease a pop star angry over Apple Music. But the true test remains how well its products work.
June 29, 2015, Monday
MORE ON: Music , Apple Inc , Swift, Taylor , Audio Recordings, Downloads and Streaming , Apple Music
With a Tap of Taylor Swift's Fingers, Apple Retreated
Ms. Swift's victory in a one-day battle against Apple this week showed she has a rare power to influence the music business.
June 23, 2015, Tuesday
MORE ON: Music , Apple Inc , Royalties , Audio Recordings, Downloads and Streaming , Social Media , Apple Music , Swift, Taylor
In Report on Data Collection Practices, WhatsApp and AT&T Fail the Test
In a report about data privacy published by the Electronic Frontier Foundation this week, tech companies like Yahoo, Apple and Adobe earned top marks, while WhatsApp and AT&T came in last.
June 18, 2015, Thursday
Apple Music and Labels Investigated in 2 States
The attorneys general of New York and Connecticut are investigating Apple's negotiations with music companies in search of potential antitrust violations.
June 10, 2015, Wednesday
An Eye on the Street
With Dropcam becoming ever more pervasive, Brian X. Chen, a Times reporter, wondered what he would see if he pointed one at the street in front of his home.
Rss Feeds On Brian X. Chen
Subscribe to an RSS feed on this topic. What is RSS?


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[:)]hi all,hope you are all well(((hugs))))
thankx for those of you who gave tips for new preemie parents..a client of myne had a preemie baby and i was able to pass on some of those tips.
tomorrow i will be visiting the nicu and at the same time i will take some hats.
so,just a hi,thankx and bye!!![:)]


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For Easter Sunday, I wanted to wear something keeping with the pastel color scheme of the holiday, without being too traditional and Easter dress-y. I paired a simple knit shirt with a striped skirt, complete with pleats, oversized buttons, and pockets. I also pulled out my "Buckingham Palace" satin heels that I bought on my trip to London in 09. They've appeared twice on the blog before (here and here) but this was the first time I've worn them out. And while they were bearable, they are definitely a bit too small. My feet hurt when I look at these photos.
I also decided to wear my new glasses, which I just got a a few weeks ago. I wore glasses from when I was eight up until I was sixteen, but it's been contacts ever since. So now people who have known me for years are marveling at how different I look and asking me if I can see so much better now, which is kind of funny. I plan on alternating the glasses with my contacts, both to save some money on the latter, and to add some variety to my look. It's nice that glasses are an accessory nowadays, and not just a dorky necessity. ;)
What I'm Wearing:
- Shirt by SO wear it declare it - hand-me-down
- Skirt by MERONA - hand-me-down
- Shoes by laceys - from BULLFROGS in Greenwich, London
- Glasses by SUCCESS:XPL in "Grape"
- Earrings and Tights - unmarked


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Going somewhere? Pack light, get out, and explore with our finest for men's travel.
Let's go summer! Seek out new places, chase fresh adventures, discover a more fun you. Our brand-new women's collection offers everything essential for your season in the sun.
Flood insurance that fits - Silver Sonic waders for men and women. Silver Sonic are the most versatile welded waders on the market today, featuring patented Orvis SonicSeam technology.
Take your dog along for the ride. From safety gates to seat protectors, ramps, and more, we have the best travel accessories for you and your dog.
Find shooting essentials, clothing, gun cases, and accessories for all seasons in our Shooting Shop.
Celebrate the return of outdoor living and get your house ready for summer entertaining with our latest collection.
Find distinctive gifts for any occasion or recipient. From monogrammed leather accessories to sporting gifts, our collection makes shopping easy and fun.
With solid brass hardware and doubled leather strapping, rugged Bullhide leather luggage is designed to withstand years of travel and commuting – and only look better and better over time.
Orvis Adventures offers a carefully curated network of worldwide outdoor destinations, high-quality outfitters, guides, lodges, schools, and local travel specialists with an emphasis on fly fishing and wingshooting.
Save 50% or more on everything in the online Clearance Room. Prices as marked.
Come visit our Orvis Flagship Store on Regent Street St. James's!
Learn the Fly-Fishing Basics for Free
NEW – 2015 Courses Now Offered on Sundays!
Class spaces are limited. Call or stop by to reserve a spot.
Learn fly-fishing basics in one of our free fly-fishing classes. Perfect for beginners of all ages, the course includes free lessons on fly casting and outfit rigging.
If you're looking for a great way to get the family together outside, book a free Orvis class to get started. Fly fishing is a sport the whole family can participate in. All ages are welcome to attend this store-based course, but those under 16 years of age must be accompanied by an adult. Bring the whole family and learn what this great sport is all about.
2015 Dates:
August: Saturday 15th & Sunday 30th
Dates are subject to change. Please see store associates or call 0207 930 8521 for details.
Learn to Fly Fish on the Water
Class spaces are limited. Call or stop by to reserve a spot.
Whether you are a beginner or you are someone that just wants a little guidance on how to become a better fly fisher, nothing beats time on the water with a knowledgeable guide or instructor. Our classes are the next step in your fly-fishing education. Designed to give you a great on-the-water fly-fishing experience, the day's instruction is built around specific techniques and local fisheries.
Courses at Syon Park Fishery in Old Isleworth, London
August: Saturday 22nd
This beginner fly fishing instruction programme is aimed at the complete novice. All the basics are covered including safety, tackle selection, casting, fly selection, and playing and landing a fish. Cost is £120 per person. Cost for Ladies Day course is £139 per person.
We shall cover:
*Join us for Ladies Fly Fishing Day!
Dates and prices are subject to change. Please see store associates or call 0207 930 8521 for details.
Upcoming Seminars and Events
Call us at 0207 930 8521 for information on upcoming classes and seminars this season.
Store Personnel
Store Manager: Katerina Blake
Assistant Manager & Fly-Fishing Specialist: Jimmy Boyd
Fly-Fishing Specialist: Declan Gelder
The Orvis London Fly-Fishing Specialists
Orvis Retail Store
11B Regent Street St. James's
Phone: 0207 930 8521
Mon - Wed
Store located on the newly renamed Regent Street St. James's, between Piccadilly Circus and Pall Mall. Click here for a Google map. Nearest Tube station: Piccadilly Circus.
Free Gift Wrapping Service Available
Our store has dozens of exciting retail-exclusive styles, but we may not necessarily have on hand at one time everything offered online or in our catalogues. If you are looking for a specific item, please feel free to call us at the store ahead of time to ensure it is in stock. As always, our store associates will be happy to order anything we carry so you can see it in person.
Subscribe now and save £10 off your next purchase of £50 or more! This offer is valid for new subscribers only and will be sent to your email address shortly.


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Posted at: 08/05/2013 10:08 AM
The Laguna Acoma Dodgers baseball team is headed to the Jackie Robinson World Series in Brownsville, Texas.
Last year, the team made up of Pueblo kids almost didn't get to go to the Roberto Clemente World Series in Georgia. But with the help of KOB Eyewitness News 4's generous viewers, the team raised the $15,000 dollars needed to head to Atlanta.
The team says last year's opportunity opened the doors for them to attend this game.
"When you have kids that want to play and you have kids that want to do good, then you're going to have success and that's where it's leading to us right now," coach Joseph Sanchez said.
The team's first game is Monday night against one of the 12 teams taking part in the world series.
"We're all behind them and I hope the state of New Mexico will cheer them on," Laguna Pueblo Gov. Richard Luarkie said. "Any time we have our youth going out of state to represent the state of NM it's always an honor so we're very proud of them."


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"Remember to include a site map page otherwise the "spiders" can't index pages that can't be crawled."
This is not true. Google is perfectly capable of indexing pages you would never expect it to find. It is able to look up referral logs and other data from the toolbar etc to find a page's existence. If you have hidden pages you don't want indexed, you have to block them – more important than worrying about whether a page can be seen.


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It seems almost unfathomable that Christina Aguilera, for all of the impact she has had on the music world, has only released three full-length studio albums during the course of her ten-plus year career. Her self-titled debut stormed the pop charts way back in 1999, she got herself all "Dirrty" in 2002 with her Stripped LP and went Back To Basics with a big band-influenced sound in 2006. But after taking the last few years off to focus on raising her first child, Max, she's gearing up to release her latest album, Bionic, in June. As a means of whetting the public's appetite for the project, Aguilera debuted the first single, "Not Myself Tonight," on her official website last night.
Judging from the electro-flavored synths and pulsating, dance floor ready rhythms of this Polow Da Don produced banger, it's immediately apparent that Aguilera recognizes that her biggest competition these days is no longer her old Mickey Mouse Club rival Britney Spears, but rather the omnipresent Lady Gaga. To wit, Aguilera begins the song by announcing that she's feeling "out of character" and "in rare form" as she hits the club, ready to embrace the kinds of pansexual behavior that Gaga has built her reputation on. Although she promises (Her lover? Her husband? Herself?) that "In the morning, I'll go back to the girl I used to be," tonight she's unrepentantly "taking shots" and "kissin' all the boys and the girls" who cross her path. Got a problem with that? Aguilera has two simple words for the haters: "F*** you."
Point taken! Actually, we're glad to see that motherhood hasn't softened Aguilera's attitude in the slightest. As soon as she decides to cut a music video for this song, you'll no doubt be seeing it on our weekly Top 20 Video Countdown. (Speaking of which, it will be interesting to see if Aguilera appropriates any of Gaga's visual style in her video, something she has been accused of in the past.) Until then, enjoy the audio clip above.


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We apologize but we are unable to process online orders at this time as we are building a better PetSupermarket.com. To purchase any of our products, please visit one of our retail locations or visit our Amazon store here. You can find your nearest Pet Supermarket by using our Store Locator
Non-Tip Stainless Steel Dish for Dogs by Ethical Products
- Our Price:
- $6.29 - $12.99
Available In-Store
These mirror finish stainless steel dishes have a rubber rim that keeps the dish from moving or tipping over. They are also hygienic, rust resistant, and dishwasher safe.


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"Ola John is of great interest," confirmed Milan chief Adriano Galliani. "Benfica offered him to us and we're thinking about it."
Vice-President Galliani spoke to Portuguese newspaper O Jogo about the Dutch international winger.
"Ola John is of great interest to us. Benfica offered him to us and we're thinking about it," commented Galliani.
"I cannot say whether it is for a loan or something else right now."
O Jogo maintain Milan are prepared to offer €15m for the 21-year-old left-sided attacker, but Italian papers are more doubtful they'd reach that sum.
Think you know your Italian football? Share your knowledge, tips and comments to win cash prizes in OLBG's tipster competition - £11,000 to be won monthly!


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Top Definition
A word used for a close friend, instead of calling then dude.
"I'm not a dude, I'm your friend"
"ok, I'll call you dude friend!"
"ok, I'll call you dude friend!"
by ohiogal500 November 10, 2011
1 more definition
like a guy friend.
that girl has a friend, that is a boy. so he is her dude-friend.
by sarah! michelle! 21! September 29, 2007


text:
- About
- Academics
- Admissions & Aid
- Student Life
- Athletics
- Giving
- Evening/Graduate
- Alumni
- News
Just in time for the new year, Moravian College is rolling out the Moravian star logo to complement its tag line implemented at the start of the fall semester: Live. Learn. Enjoy. The combination will create a richer and more accurate and distinctive graphic identity for the college.
In fact, the changeover already has begun, and the new, stylized Moravian star is taking the place of the cupola logo around campus.
The use of the Moravian star to graphically represent Moravian College was first examined and considered in 2000, and since has been used as a graphic element in publications and on the web. Recently, the star became a focal point in the rebranding and marketing efforts of the College.
"Working with Mindpower (Moravian's marketing consultant) last spring to develop a new suite of admission communications helped us rediscover and define Moravian's strengths, uniqueness and competitive advantages," says Michael Wilson, director of public relations and marketing. "We believe the star exemplifies our rich history and traditions, our ties to the Bethlehem community, and our position in the higher education marketplace, in a way that no other iconic graphic can."
The new logo and tag line appear in admissions materials and are making their way onto letterhead, envelopes and business cards. Soon, the street banners and other signage will include the star and Live. Learn. Enjoy. elements that capture the essence of Moravian College so well.


text:
Love, Love, Love. This is a story about love. Make it last and tell your very own story with this template. Just put your own images or videos in there.
Here are the Main Features:
• Fully Customizable
• 6 Hand Animations are pre-rendered, if you would like
a custom animation, please contact me
• Help PDF Included for Easy Customization
• 30 exclusive Illustrations Included
• 6 Illustrated and Animated Characters (3 male / 3 female), if you would like a custom Illustration, please contact me
• 8 Illustrated and Animated Locations/Events
• Color Pickers for Color Changes
• 22 Placeholders for Photos or Videos
• 25 Text Placeholders
• Includes 3 Render Comps – 1920×1080, 1280×720, 720×405
The wonderful MUSIC from "brandonamatias" that I used
in the project can be puchased here: Get Music here
The FONT I used in the project can be downloaded here: Get Font here
Thanks for viewing! Please don't forget to rate.
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text:
Yarmouth's Henry Fest a chance to celebrate life, music and family
YARMOUTH — What began as an intimate thank-you party for friends and family has grown into an all-day event for hundreds of people to celebrate summer, good music, local food and of course, friends and family.
The initial Henry Fest was held in 2004 and was created to thank the friends and neighbors of Holly and John Williams for their support during their son Ian's five-year battle with cancer. After Ian William's death in 2003, John said their backyard party at the family farm was a way to celebrate community in a time of great loss and sadness.
Since the first Henry Fest, named after the family dog, the event has grown and is now connected with the 317 Main Street Community Music Center. This year, the they hope to draw the biggest crowd to date to listen to music, play music and enjoy a Saturday afternoon together.
"This is a chance to bring together friends, music, community and food," Williams said. "Community is what this is all about."
Williams, who is now the chairman of the board of directors at 317 Main Street, said after his son's death, music became his meditation.
"In turn," he said, "I hope to share that joy with others."
Williams said any money generated by the fifth annual Henry Fest will go toward a scholarship fund at 317 Main Street.
"I want to get enough participation this year to make music a reality for anyone who wants to learn or play," he said.
Annie Coleman, event and financial coordinator at 317 Main Street, said the goal of 317 is to bring the community together through music.
She said this year's theme is "Rooted in Community" and all the proceeds will help those who are struggling financially to have an opportunity to share the power of music.
"Our goal is to combine and mix groups so people of all ages can learn regardless of their financial situation," she said. "So often we see children teaching adults a chord, or adults playing music with beginning musicians. We like to integrate the community regardless of their age or ability."
Henry Fest will start at noon at Skyline Farm in North Yarmouth, and according to Coleman, "will last until very late."
Food will be provided by Cookin' Carol, an organic farmer and caterer, and Williams said this year's festival will include an educational element geared around farming.
Justin Deri, a local farmer who leases the property and has 85 members in his community supported agriculture program, will give tours of his garden space and talk to people about the benefits of local farming.
Coleman said local businesses have been very supportive, too.
"We have been blessed with fantastic sponsors who are helping to make this a great event," she said. "With their help, we could double our attendance to 600 or 700 people this year."
Some of the sponsors include Portland-based solar company Revision Energy, WMPG, Norway Savings Bank, OOBA organic beverage company and Foundations Real Estate. In addition, Coleman said Williams will make an appearance with his band on the local television show 207, Thursday, Aug 27 at 7 p.m.
"Henry Fest is a truly magical experience," Coleman said. "It is a really warm, friendly festival. It is powerful, and a great way to spend an afternoon."
Williams said the event is a way to remind people of what community feels like by sharing music and laughter and good food with friends and family.
"I sometimes think people have gotten away from the whole idea of community and shared systems," Williams said. "It is my personal goal, and the goal of 317 Main Street, to create a fun community environment through music and expression. This is about celebrating what we are grateful for on a daily basis."
Tickets for Henry Fest are $40 for a family, $20 for individuals and $10 for students. Tickets are available at 317 Main Street, by calling 846-9559, or by e-mailing firstname.lastname@example.com.
Amy Anderson can be reached at 781-3661 ext. 110 or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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"You know the one regret I do have?" Mary asked over lobster rolls at Silver's.author, pioneering designer and former creative director of the late, great Country Home.
my first freelance styling job in 2004.
And inside, leading the way, stands a stalwart Mary Emmerling, poised at the picket fence of her Bridgehampton house and adorned, as always, in turquoise.
Did you know the two of them once worked together at House Beautiful? You can just imagine the stories of a younger, no less innocent Martha told over wine at lunch. And even though she may have gone on to become, well, Martha, Mary has no regrets.


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We're constantly amazed at the many things that grow on the side of a tree.
Gene Shalit, you've got a friend in this tree!
You are currently browsing the BeehiveHairdresser.com posts tagged: Chacras
We're constantly amazed at the many things that grow on the side of a tree.
Gene Shalit, you've got a friend in this tree!
Here are some pre-flowers on a grape-vine.
These tiny, little balls of green will grow, become flowers, be pollinated by little insects, and then become grapes which will then be turned into wine… TOTAL COOLNESS!!!
Each year we enjoy drawing a hand turkey, because parts of our brain are stuck to that of a four year old. Well, this year we found a poster that someone else has drawn, and well, it looks simply awesome.
Happy Thanksgiving!
If we ever won am enormous Powerball jackpot, we'd want to have a bunch of small buildings on our property painted nice in nice pastels like this.
It would be like living in a field of Crayola!
While staying in Chacras, Argentina, we went for an early morning walk and stumbled across this beautiful pink rose bloom.
It's sight was a perfect way to start the day, and hopefully it's sight is a perfect way to start a weekend… TOTAL COOLNESS!!!


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All the latest on the newest little royal
Crow's feet, laughter lines, wrinkles... it doesn't matter what you call them, they are one of the earliest signs of ageing that appear on our skin.
Although the first and finest of these lines may in fact add a little character to the face, like the first grey hairs, they are likely to strike terror in our hearts when we notice them.
As with so many of these beauty issues, there is no charm that will ward them off forever, and no miracle cure once they appear, but we can at least try and develop good habits that won't encourage them, or make them worse once they start to form.
Remember that crow's feet appear around the eyes, where the skin is thin and delicate. And, to a great extent, it's the eyes that hold the key to keeping them at bay. If you treat your eyes right and avoid straining them and scrunching them up to see, you won't be encouraging the wrinkles to form in the first place. So, remember these six points:
All the latest on the newest little royal


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1114 Washington Boulevard • Detroit, Michigan 48226 • United States • Map
The Westin Book Cadillac Detroit has been restored and rejuvenated to its original splendor, reclaiming its position as Detroit's premier lodging and social gathering destination. Below find our downtown Detroit hotel offers.
Elevate your stay with us and step up to the Executive Club Lounge. The Executive Club Lounge gives you an even better place to get back to your best self. Plus, enjoy additional perks including:
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Discover the Detroit Institute of Arts' diverse collections of art and special exhibits with our exclusive package. Enjoy:
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Judith has been away. Now that she's returned, she can't speak about her absence. Instead, she watches and waits and hopes that the boy she loves might still look in her direction. Told in a series of letters addressed to her love, Judith's story unfolds to reveal the awful truth about her capture, her release, and her willingness to do anything for love.
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It's impossible not to be fascinated by the story of Notre Dame football star Manti Te'o and his made-up girlfriend. Whether he was a victim or a co-conspirator in this whole deal, he's got to be feeling pretty crappy today. Along with all the reporters who never bothered to check whether the girlfriend who tragically died the day before Manti's big game last year ever existed before reporting on her death. But we can think of a handful of people who must be positively overjoyed about this story:
5. Nev Schulman, the star of MTV's Catfish. Since Te'o and his school are claiming this was all an elaborate hoax, he is basically the highest profile victim of a "Catfish" scheme, and now we all know what that means. This is the best publicity for Schulman's show, which follows people as they find out the shocking truth behind the person they met and fell in love with online.
4. Michael Lohan. We still think he's a terrible person, but we've already basically forgotten yesterday's story in Star, which quoted Lohan as saying Lindsay was getting paid to date very rich men. He later told TMZ that he was misquoted — Lindsay makes cash for her public appearances, not for escorting dudes — but we had already moved on to this Manti thing. Either way, he benefits.
3. Lindsay Lohan. For a minute she doesn't seem like the worst decision maker on the planet.
Read more…


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January 2, 2012 Headlines: Romney Wins Iowa, Obama Talks Economy, Manufacturing Looking Up, and More
NYT: Romney wins the Iowa Caucuses by 8 votes.
WSJ: China's reactions to Iowa.
USAT: Obama takes his economic pitch to Cleveland today, located in the important swing state of Ohio.
Bloomberg: More on the President's election year strategy.
Paul Krugman: Fact-checking Romney's claims on Obama's jobs numbers.
WSJ: An interactive chart on manufacturing activity by country.
DFP: The CEO of Chrysler and Fiat tells Chrysler workers of their successes.
WSJ: China is developing a new type of anti-ship missile that can take out a modern super carrier.
Bloomberg: More troubling signs for China's economy.
WSJ: Orders are increasing, and that is speeding up factory production.
The Hill: US Manufacturing ended 2011 on a high note.
WSJ: China's chief regulator says that state-owned enterprises have a "natural monopoly."
FP: Hu Jintao thinks China is losing the culture war.
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As we deal with the cleanup process following this weekend's overwhelming snowfall, many of us are perplexed as to where all these heaping mountains of snow will go. Two of the frequent visitors to my bird feeders, a Cardinal and a Mourning Dove, gave me a hint from nature. Snow is a great source of water. So how about eating or drinking it!
photograph by Jim Bazin © 2013
Our friends at Grub Street seem to have picked up on this. They have recipes for snow ice cream, snow candy, snow taffy, Maple Syrup "leather aprons," snow pancakes, and blender drinks. Click on either image to go to their blog page and get these recipes.
photograph by Jim Bazin © 2013
Jim Bazin is the publisher and creative director of Maine Food & Lifestyle magazine.


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My name is Sophie and I'm from Florida. I have been painting using different medium for many years now. It is my passion and my favorite hobby. I am also into photography.
I am looking forward to learning new things and discover some other tips that can help improve my skills in painting.
Hey Sophie—
I'm not on the official "welcoming committee" but I think I can speak for all of us when I say "Welcome aboard!—we're glad to have you!"
You'll run into a lot of people who, like you, love to draw and paint.
Thank you Paul! This is really a great community for artists.
© 2015 F+W All rights reserved.Use of this site signifies your agreement to the Terms and Privacy Policy, updated March 2007


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An optical beam homogenizer divides and redirects an incident beam to provide uniform irradiation to a plane surface. The beam homogenizer is particularly useful in an apparatus and method for uniform laser irradiation of materials. The apparatus comprises a laser, a beam homogenizer, and a support for the material being irradiated. Depending on the system parameters, the apparatus is useful for metal hardening, semiconductor annealing, or other materials processing applications.
1. An optical beam homogenizer comprising two segmented cylindrical optical elements mounted with their cylindrical axes substantially at right angles to each other and oriented so that the elements divide a light beam incident on the first element into a plurality of parts and redirect the parts to intersect to form an area of substantially uniform power density at a predetermined distance from the second element.
2. The beam homogenizer of claim 1 in which the elements are selected, mounted, and oriented such that the area of substantially uniform power density is substantially square.
3. The beam homogenizer of claim 1 in which the optical elements comprise reflective segments.
4. The beam homogenizer of claim 3 in which the reflective segments are substantially rectangular, are in contact along their long dimension, and have short dimensions that decrease monotonically away from a central rectangle.
5. The beam homogenizer of claim 1 in which the optical elements comprise refractive segments.
6. An apparatus for exposing material to a laser beam having a substantially uniform power density over a predetermined area comprising, in combination:
a laser, whose output beam is directed to
the beam homogenizer of claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 to divide and redirect the laser beam, and
means for supporting the material.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 in which the laser is an alexandrite laser.
8. The apparatus of claim 6 in which the laser includes means for Q-switching the laser.
9. The apparatus of claim 6 in which the laser includes means for tuning the wavelength of the laser beam.
10. The apparatus of claim 6 in which the laser includes a beam expander to enlarge the spatial extent of the laser beam prior to its passing to the homogenizer.
11. The apparatus of claim 6 in which the means for supporting the material is further adapted for moving the material in a plane substantially perpendicular to the direction of the laser beam incident on the material
12. A method of radiation-treating a material comprising the steps of:
generating a laser beam,
homogenizing the laser beam to provide a beam with a pair of segmented optical elements to provide a beam of substantially uniform power density over an area oriented perpendicular to the beam direction at the surface of the material, and
contacting the material with the homogenized laser beam.
13. The method of claim 12 in which the material is a semiconductor.
14. The method of claim 13 in which the semiconductor is silicon.
15. The method of claim 12 further comprising Q-switching the laser beam.
16. The method of claim 12 further comprising tuning the wavelength of the laser beam.
17. The method of claim 12 further comprising enlarging the spatial extent of the laser beam prior to homogenizing it.
18. The process of claim 12 further comprising moving the material relative to the laser beam to provide a predetermined uniform exposure.
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to an optical device for providing uniform irradiation to a plane surface. The device is particularly useful in an apparatus for laser treatment of metals and semiconductors.
2. Description of the Prior Art
A broadly wavelength-tunable alexandrite laser was disclosed by Walling et al., in U.S. Pat. No. 4,272,733. The Patent suggested applications for the alexandrite laser such as welding, nuclear fusion, isotope separation, photochemistry, etc.
In general, lasers have been applied to many materials processing operations, including welding and soldering of metals, cutting and marking of both metals and nonmetals, and annealing of semiconductors. The latter application includes liquid and solid phase epitaxy, crystallinity growth, activation and diffusion of dopants, and elimination of lattice defects. The alternative to laser-annealing of semiconductors, furnace-annealing, requires heating and semiconductors at temperatures between 500� and 1000� for prolonged periods, which is neither as convenient nor as effective.
Laser-annealing of semiconductors, particularly silicon, has been disclosed in several technical publications as well as patents. Kaplan et al. in Electronics, Feb. 28, 1980, p. 137 summarize semiconductor annealer parameters and results achieved with various laser sources. Among the patents, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,181,538 and 4,198,246 disclose novel methods for laser-treating silicon and include a great many references to early patents and publications on the subject.
The apparatuses used in laser-annealing of semiconductors have included both ruby and Nd:YAG lasers both pulsed and CW. Typically, the laser beam is focused onto the surface and scanned across the area to be treated. A simple laser-annealing apparatus was shown by Fan et al. in FIG. 1 of their U.S. Pat. No. 4,059,461. Although the shape and size of the spot on their sample is determined simply by a focusing lens, they make reference to alternatives such as "beam expanders, cylindrical lenses, mirrors, or other optical or mechanical elements."
Sharp, U.K. patent application GB No. 2,044,948 A, recognizing the disadvantage of non-uniform distribution of power in a laser beam used for heat treating a steel workpiece, disclosed a hollow beam shaper open at both ends and having internal reflective surfaces. A laser beam, after passing through the beam shaper, produces a rectangular area of substantially uniform power density on the surface of the workpiece.
Several laser beam shaping techniques were described by S. L. Ream in Laser Focus, Nov., 1979, p. 68. Among the optical devices he describes for use with CO2 lasers in hardening of steels are convex and concave beam integrators that consist of copper blocks having a large number of carefully positioned flat facets either turned in or attached to them. The beam integrator yields a flattened laser output profile, which corresponds to enhanced uniformity of laser intensity on the work surface. He includes semiconductor annealing among potential application areas for beam integrators.
Among the optical integrators described by Ream are the types disclosed by Dourte et al., in U.S. Pat. No. 4,195,913. They accomplish optical integration by the use of a plurality of reflective segments. These segments are positioned to divide a beam into a plurality of parts and reflect the various parts so that they intersect at a target. Among the configurations disclosed for the reflective segments is one in which the segments are positioned tangent to an imaginary cylindrical surface to produce a long narrow rectangular area of optical integration. Fabrication of the integrators disclosed by Dourte et al. is difficult and expensive, and beam uniformity is reduced by discontinuity and diffraction at the many segment edges.
Orthogonal cylindrical lenses for successive one-dimensional beam expansion were disclosed by Glenn, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,877,777.
Arrays of rectangular elementary mirrors for concentrating solar radiation were disclosed by Devin et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 4,148,564. Among the configurations they disclose is an array of rectangular plane mirrors arranged along a portion of a cylinder.
In accordance with the present invention, an optical beam homogenizer is provided. The beam homogenizer comprises two segmented cylindrical optical elements, mounted with their cylindrical axes substantially at right angles to each other and oriented so that the elements divide a light beam incident on the first element into a plurality of parts and redirect the parts to intersect to form an area of substantially uniform power density at a predetermined distance from the second element. Compared with those of the prior art, the beam homogenizer of the present invention provides the advantages of simpler fabrication and greater beam uniformity with less loss.
As used in this specification and the appended claims, "light" includes electromagnetic radiation throughout the range from ultraviolet to infrared. The term "homogenizer" refers to an optical device that redirects radiation incident on it in such a way as to increase the power density uniformity of the radiation.
The beam homogenizer of this invention is particularly suitable for use in an apparatus for exposing material to a laser beam having a substantially uniform power density over a predetermined area. The apparatus comprises, in combination, a laser whose output beam is directed to the beam homogenizer to divide and redirect the laser beam, and means for supporting the material. An alexandrite laser is a preferred source.
In operation, the apparatus provides a method of radiation-treating a material. The method comprises the steps of generating a laser beam, homogenizing the laser beam to provide a beam of substantially uniform power density over an area oriented perpendicular to the beam direction at the surface of the material, and contacting the material with the homogenized laser beam.
Compared with laser-treatment apparatus of the prior art, the alexandrite laser system provides a wavelength range that is particularly well suited for annealing silicon. The system also has advantages of long pulse duration and high average power. In addition, the uniform power density incident on the material permits uniform treatment across an entire surface.
FIG. 1 is a side view of an element of a reflective beam homogenizer of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the element of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 depicts a reflective beam homogenizer.
FIG. 4 is a side view of an element of a refractive beam homogenizer.
FIG. 5 depicts a refractive beam homogenizer.
FIG. 6 depicts a scan pattern that may be used with an apparatus of the present invention.
FIGS. 7a and 7b illustrate the improved uniformity of beam intensity achieved using a beam homogenizer.
FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of a materials-processing apparatus employing a beam homogenizer of the present invention.
Uniform irradiation over an area is necessary or desirable in a variety of applications, such as annealing semiconductors, heat treating metals, vaporizing materials for vacuum deposition, and concentrating solar energy for electric power generation. The beam homogenizer of the present invention provides uniform irradiation using two segmented cylindrical optical elements. The first element receives an incident beam, divides the beam into a plurality of parts, and redirects the beam toward the second element. The second element, whose cylindrical axis is perpendicular to that of the first element, again divides the beam into parts and redirects the parts to intersect on an area that is perpendicular to the beam direction.
The use of lasers in materials processing applications has been limited not only by an inability to provide uniform irradiation, but also by the shortcomings of lasers emitting in the deep red and near infrared region of the spectrum, which are particularly useful for semiconductor processing. An embodiment of the present invention addresses these problems by using an alexandrite laser to generate a beam whose wavelength may be anywhere in the range from about 700 nm to about 830 nm. The laser beam is first directed to a homogenizer, which divides and redirects the beam, and is then incident on the work material.
In one embodiment of the optical beam homogenizer of the present invention, the optical elements each comprise a plurality of reflective segments. The principle of operation of a reflective beam homogenizer can be understood with reference to FIG. 1. FIG. 1 depicts a side view of a beam homogenizer element 10, on which is incident a collimated light beam, defined by parallel rays a and b, parallel to the beam direction. We assume throughout that all the rays are paraxial; i.e., they make very small angles with the axis and lie close to the axis throughout the distance from object to image. The beam may, but need not, have a circular cross section in a plane normal to the beam direction. As is clarified in the perspective view shown in FIG. 2, the reflective front surface 11 of homogenizer element 10 comprises seven rectangular segments 11a-11g. The segments are each tangent to an imaginary circular cylinder 12 of radius r. In general, the beam intensity is not uniform over its extent. However, the intensity variations over parts of the beam, for example cd and ef, are less than the variation over the larger distance ab. Reflective segments 11b and 11f redirect beam segments cd and ef, respectively, to intersect over a volume in space that is normal to the plane of the paper and whose projection on the plane of the paper is shown as lined area 13. Similarly, each reflective segment, 11a, 11c, . . . 11g, reflects the part of the beam incident on it to intersect the other reflected beams in rectangular area 14, located a distance r/2 from central segment 11d and having the same size as central segment 11d.
The resultant intensity variation over the width (i.e., smaller dimension) of irradiated area 14 is far less than the variation over the incident beam ab. A greater number of reflective segments reduces the intensity variation; however, it also reduces the irradiated area. Furthermore, interference and diffraction effects, which are ignored throughout, can introduce significant nonuniformity if segment width becomes very small. In a practical situation, an application will dictate a minimum permissible irradiated area and a maximum permissible intensity variation, which, in turn, will dictate the dimensions of the element and the number and size of the segments.
In order that the reflected beam from each segment provide the same image size, segment width must decrease away from central segment 11d. It can be shown that a segment whose normal makes an angle θ with the axis should have a width of w cos 2θ/cos θ, where w is the width of the central segment. However, for paraxial rays, the variation in width may be negligible and, depending on the uniformity requirements, it may be expedient to make all the segments of equal width.
For simplicity of understanding, beam ab is shown in FIG. 1 as being normal to central segment 11d. In practice, however, irradiated area 14 typically coincides with a part of the work surface of a target being irradiated. The target then would block the central portion of the beam. In practice, therefore, the incident beam is not normal to the central segment.
In FIGS. 1 and 2, the element 10 is shown to include seven rectangular reflective segments 11; in practice, there would generally be at least that many segments. Reflective segments 11 are shown to be an integral part of element 10. Alternatively the segments can be mirrors adhered to a cylindrical concave surface. In any case, reflective surfaces 11 are coated with a material or materials that are durable and that have high reflectance in the wavelength range of intended use. These materials, well known in the optical coating art, include various metals, such as silver or gold, with a transparent protective coating, if necessary.
FIG. 3 shows both elements of a reflective beam homogenizer. The second element 10b is positioned with its axis substantially at right angles to that of the first element 10a. An incident light beam ab has a generally circular cross section in a plane normal to the beam direction. Segmented reflective elements 10a and 10b redirect and homogenize the beam so that it is incident on a planar work material in an area 14 of substantially uniform intensity. In a typical embodiment of the present invention, mirrors 10a and 10b are each formed of a series of reflective segments about 3 mm wide�300 mm long. Element 10a has a cylindrical focal length of about 450 mm and element 10b a cylindrical focal length of about 300 mm, the difference corresponding to their separation along the beam axis. The resultant beam area 14 is a square 3 mm on a side.
In an alternative embodiment of a beam homogenizer, the elements are transparent. A side view of an element 20 of such a homogenizer is shown in FIG. 4. In analogy to the reflective beam homogenizer element shown in FIG. 1, an incident parallel beam AB, of generally circular cross section, is incident on refractive beam homogenizer element 20, which comprises 11 substantially rectangular segments 21A-21K. The segments are each tangent to an imaginary cylinder 22, having a radius R. As before, the analysis is limited to paraxial rays. FIG. 4 depicts parts CD and EF of beam AB redirected by segments 21B and 21J, respectively. In fact, each segment redirects a part of beam AB, and all the resultant beams are incident on a rectangular area 24, which extends normal to the plane of the paper and is the same size as central segment 21F. Depending on the index of refraction of element 20, the distance from area 24 to central segment 21F may be about 2R.
FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of both elements of a refractive beam homogenizer. The long direction of the rectangular segments of element 20A is at right angles to the long direction of the segments of element 20B. The elements are separated by a distance D, with element 20B closer to target 24. The imaginary cylinder to which the segments of element 20B are tangent has a focal length which is shorter by the length D than the corresponding cylinder of element 20A.
Standard optical materials are suitable for the elements of the refractive beam homogenizer, with low absorption of the particular light to be used a primary concern. If desirable or necessary, antireflection coatings may be applied to the elements.
Refractive beam homogenizers have two drawbacks compared with reflective. Depending on the wavelength of the light source and absorption characteristics of the homogenizer material, there may be substantial absorption and consequently reduced intensity. In addition, if the light source is not monochromatic, chromatic aberration reduces beam uniformity on the target.
The main advantage of a refractive beam homogenizer is the fact that the target may be on the axis, which reduces optical aberrations and permits simpler arrangement of the homogenizer and target. When, in addition, an alexandrite laser is the light source, ordinary optical glass is adequate as a homogenizer material and chromatic aberration is, of course, not a problem.
An alternative to beam homogenizers comprising two reflective or two transparent elements is one comprising an element of each type. Such a combination homogenizer would then have a combination of the advantages and disadvantages of the two types of elements.
In applications such as materials processing, a beam is typically scanned over an area much larger than the beam. In those applications, the beam homogenizer elements are preferably selected, mounted, and oriented in such a way that they form an area of uniform irradiation that is substantially square. A square area of uniform irradiation generally facilitates scanning a beam over a large area and providing maximum uniformity with minimum overlap. However, if the area being scanned is elongated, i.e., substantially longer in one dimension, a beam of rectangular cross section is preferred. Such a beam may be formed simply by using rectangular segments of one width on the first element and a different width on the second.
FIG. 6 illustrates a circular workpiece 25 being scanned with a square beam 24, the dashed lines showing the areas of successive exposures, starting at the upper left. The pattern shown in FIG. 6 uses "20 percent overlap," by which is meant that each exposure repeats 20 percent of the previous exposure. Overlap serves two purposes. First, it reduces nonuniformity caused by diffraction. Second, overlap is necessary in order to cover the entire surface, because the beam is in fact not perfectly square, but has rounded edges. The degree of rounding determines the amount of overlap necessary. The minimum overlap necessary to ensure total area coverage is preferred, and 10 percent overlap has been found to be suitable using a "square" beam. Clearly, a round beam requires more overlap than a square beam.
An optical beam homogenizer is well suited for use in an apparatus for laser treatment of metals and semiconductors. The beam homogenizer permits multimode operation of the laser, with greater power output, instead of the TEMoo mode, which the apparatuses of the prior art were limited to. An alexandrite laser is particularly well suited for use in such an apparatus. An alexandrite laser is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,272,733, and the disclosure of that patent is incorporated herein by reference. The active material is synthetic alexandrite, which is Cr-doped BeAl2 O4 having the chrysoberyl structure. The laser may be operated in either the pulsed or CW mode, pumped with either a coherent or incoherent source, and it may be Q-switched and/or modelocked. The output wavelength is continuously selectable in the range from about 700 nm to 830 nm. Alternatively, if a conventional tuning element such as a birefringent filter is incorporated in the laser, the output wavelength may be tuned to any wavelength in that range. By suitable choice of laser parameters, output power may be anywhere in the range from 0 to 70 watts. Pulse durations in the range from 1-1000 ns may be provided at frequencies up to 40 s-1.
Preferably, the laser beam passes first to a beam expander, which may be of a conventional type, well known in the art. The beam expander enlarges and collimates the laser beam and facilitates alignment of the beam.
The laser beam is then incident on a beam homogenizer, which converts the beam to one having a substantially uniform power density over an area perpendicular to the direction of beam travel at the work surface. Here and in the description that follows, it is convenient to assume that the work surface is a plane that coincides with such an area, but that is not a requirement.
FIG. 7A depicts the Gaussian spatial intensity variation that typifies a laser beam (TEMoo) incident on the work surface of a materials processing apparatus when no beam homogenizer is used. The lined area shows the range of fluence usable for the particular application and the crosshatching shows the spatial region over which the fluence is in the required range. FIG. 7B depicts the intensity variation when a beam homogenizer of this invention is used. Although the two graphs of beam intensity are idealized and not meant to be quantitatively accurate, it is clear that the spatial region over which appropriate fluence is provided is far greater when a beam homogenizer is used.
Preferably, the beam forms a square on the work surface, because that geometry generally makes it simpler to provide uniform irradiation of the entire work surface, provided the work surface area is substantially larger than the beam area and is not elongated. A preferred way of achieving a square beam on the work surface is to use a beam homogenizer of the type described above, comprising either reflective or refractive elements. The beam homogenizer directs the laser beam to the material being irradiated. In general, optimum treatment of the material requires a beam having substantially uniform power density over its area of incidence on the material. Each point on the material must then be exposed for the same length of time.
If, as is almost invariably the case, the material to be processed is larger than the area of the beam on the surface, the laser beam must be moved relative to the material in order to effect uniform exposure. In principle, the beam could be scanned across a stationary material. In practice, it is generally more convenient to use a support adapted to move the material in a plane substantially perpendicular to the direction of the incident beam.
Among the applications for the present laser system are laser heat treatment of metals and annealing of semiconductors. It is known that steel may be hardened by uniform heat treatment, which can be accomplished by exposure to suitable laser radiation. The parameters required for laser hardening of steel and cast iron are discussed in Guide for Materials Processing by Lasers, S. Charschan (ed.), pp. 6-2 to 6-6 and in the references on p. 6-9. The present laser system provides these parameters with the uniform exposure that the treatment requires.
Alexandrite lasers are well suited for semiconductor annealing, particularly for annealing of silicon, which strongly absorbs the wavelengths of alexandrite emission. If operated in the pulsed mode, the present system is adapted for liquid phase epitaxy (LPE), using a single pulse to melt the semiconductor surface and obtain recrystallization. LPE is best accomplished with fluence at least about 1 J/cm2 but less than about 5 J/cm2. Below that fluence range, there is insufficient energy to melt the surface, while above there is the risk of evaporating surface material. The energy per alexandrite laser pulse is typically in the range from 0.05 to 0.3 J. Thus, using the higher pulse energies, adequate fluence for LPE may be provided over an area as large as about 0.1 cm2 or more. The large irradiation area, in turn, permits faster annealing. Controlled dopant diffusion in the liquid results in a controlled distribution in the interior to depths ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 m and deeper, depending on the energy per pulse and number of annealing passes. Furthermore, since alexandrite is a low-gain material Q-switched alexandrite lasers provide longer pulses than ruby or YAG lasers (˜200 ns v. 50-100 ns), thus permitting operation at rather high pulse energy for deep processing. If the high pulse energy is delivered in shorter pulses, excessive power levels can cause vaporization of the semiconductor.
If the laser is operated in the CW mode, the beam is kept on an area for milliseconds, long enough to permit solid phase epitaxy (SPE), recrystallization without melting. Unlike LPE, dopant ions are held in position during SPE.
The Table summarizes the range of parameters that can be provided by an alexandrite system adapted for semiconductor annealing.
TABLE______________________________________Wavelength 700-820 nmAverage Power 0-100 WFluence Range 0.5-5 J/cm2Pulse Frequency 0-100 s-1Energy per Pulse 0-0.6 JPulse Duration 30-200 nsBeam Dimensions at Work Surface 3 � 3 mm or largerBeam Overlap 10-20%______________________________________
FIG. 8 depicts a schematic of a laser apparatus of the present invention. Laser 30, optionally equipped with a Q-switch and/or tuning element (not shown) of conventional design well known in the art, generates a beam 31, which impinges on optional beam expander 32 and is directed to beam homogenizer 33. Beam homogenizer 33 divides the beam into parts, and the parts intersect at the surface of work material 34, which is mounted on support 35. Support 35 may include means, such as an X-Y motion system, for moving the work material 34 in a plane perpendicular to the incident beam.
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Purchasing Seafood in New Orleans - HELP!
Any suggestions for a great place to purchase great seafood - shrimp, crawfish, crabs, etc. to boil at home. Heard about a place on Magazine (uptown), but don't know the name. Willing to drive to the Westbank or out to Kenner as well. Just want the freshest around. Thanks for the help.
There is an open market in Westwego where you can get fresh seafood from the fisherman. Also the Hong Kong market on the west bank has fresh fish swimming in tanks
The "shrimp lot" in Westwego, which is an outdoor market of stalls, is a great place. Some sellers offer more than just shrimp; some crab, fish, etc. 100 Westbank Expressway. Also in Westwego is Sam Perino's seafood market, selling everything from turtle to crab to alligator and beyond. Hong Kong market, in Gretna on Behrman Highway, has live crabs, live fish, lots of other seafood (saw pretty b'liners, red snapper, pompano).
The place on magazine is Big Fisherman. Its right by Bulldog, Nacho Mama's, A&P, etc.
I get my crawfish from there and am always satisfied. they have crabs and shrimp also
I know there are a couple of other places on jefferson hwy also right before you hit the causeway.


text: Lizards as pets 04/17/2007 01:08 PM 04/17/2007 01:08 PM Lizards as pets 04/17/2007 01:08 PM A pet lizard may not be especially cuddly, but it can be fascinating and even useful to have around the house. There are many different types of lizards that make suitable pets, but they all have one thing in common: they're cold-blooded reptiles. Bluestreak Media Page: [[$index + 1]]


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Colon Removal
Colon removal, or "colectomy" can surgically resection varying amounts of the colon.
What are the most common reasons for colon removal?
- Cancer of the colon
- Diverticular disease or diverticulitis of the large intestine
- IBS (Inflammatory Bowel Syndrome), Chron's disease or Ulcerative Colitis
- Physical trauma
- Typhlitis
Colon removal is typically performed through an incision in the abdomen; however, laparscopy, which can be minimally invasive, is growing in both popularity and states of the colon conditions which indicate it as a sensible method.
Following a colon removal, the patient and the surgeon are faced with two choices:
1. Creating a colostomy (which involves drawing the end of the large intestine through an incision in the patient's abdominal wall and connecting to it a special medical device – a bag of sorts – into which the feces can pass), or -
2. Stapling or stitching the cut ends of the colon back together (known as "primary anastomosis")
Out of these two options, a colostomy is evidenced to be safer; however, it can place physical, psychological and social burdens upon the patient. Anastomosis lacks the aforementioned patient burdens, however, it carries the risk of a breakdown of the stitches, which can result in the peritoneal cavity becoming contaminated, leading to peritonitis, sepsis and potentially, death. Deciding between these two choices is controversial; all over the world, it is debated amongst surgeons.
If a colostomy is opted for, the patient may have to modify their lifestyle (for example, avoid activities which tax the immune system, changing their exercise routine, changing their diet to one of quality and quantity which results in less waste). Both options must be carefully weighed following a colon removal.


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Oklahoma gamers will not be forced to pay an additional 1 percent tax on "violent" games anytime soon. House Bill 2696 was voted down on February 20 by a 5-6 margin in Oklahoma's Appropriations and Budget Subcommittee on Revenue & Taxation.
Introduced earlier this month by representative Will Fourkiller (D. 86th District), HB 2696 sought to charge an additional 1 percent tax on all games rated T, M, and AO in Oklahoma. Fourkiller designed the bill as a means to bring awareness to bullying and obesity.
According to minutes from the discussion recorded by the Oklahoma Watchdog, skepticism regarding the bill's ability to follow through on its aims were voiced by representative Pat Ownbey (D. 48th District)
"Why [tax] just video games? Why not French fries or rap music or movies?" he said. Representative Mike Reynolds (R. 91st District) added, "We could have a task force on a multitude of reasons children are obese."
The Video Game Voters Network, a pro-gaming industry lobbying group, released a statement on the matter, saying its Oklahoma members worked expeditiously to combat the bill, sending "hundreds" of messages to Fourkiller and the Oklahoma subcommittee voicing their discontent.


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Tag Archives: international human rights
Alexander Papachristou has joined the Cyrus R. Vance Center for International Justice as Executive Director. Papachristou previously was president of the Near East Foundation and an investment manager and attorney practicing in Russia and other countries of the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. < Continue reading


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On the weekend, Arizona Cardinals' running back Rashard Mendenhall announced via a Huffington Post piece that he was retiring from football at age 26. He decided that he'd accomplished all he wanted in the NFL and that it was time to move on to new challenges and opportunities – chief among them writing and travel. As he writes:
"As for the question of what will I do now, with an entire life in front of me? I say to that, I will LIVE! I plan to live in a way that I never have before, and that is freely, able to fully be me, without the expectation of representing any league, club, shield or city. I do have a plan going forward, but I will admit that I do not know how things will totally shape out. That is the beauty of it! I look forward to chasing my desires and passions without restriction, and to sharing them with anyone who wants to come along with me! And I'll start with writing!"
While Mendenhall certainly has the means to walk away from a lucrative career without taking a financial hit or resigning himself to living in his parents' basement while he contemplates his next move and while no one can quibble with his impressive list of professional achievements, should we really be lauding his idealistic decision?
What struck me most about his piece was how stereotypically Millennial Mendenhall's view of his job was. Pro football was no longer fun for him, it wasn't what he had expected or what it used to be, fellow players were being rewarded for the "wrong" reasons and feedback from fans was increasingly hard to ignore or brush off. Sound familiar? Substitute "account associate" or "fundraising assistant" or "social media coordinator" and you'd have the same laundry list of career complaints you no doubt hear from the twentysomethings in your life, be they peers or family.
That Millennials have a preferred working style that is often at odds with the approach of older colleagues isn't up for debate. As Jacquelyn Smith summed up in a piece on a CareerBuilder survey on generational attitudes toward work and a conclusion that is echoed in countless other studies, "Overall, these findings indicate that millennials are more impatient about advancement or moving, they're more open to flexible work schedule, and more methodical in their work, yet they show up later and work shorter hours."
Millennials also have lofty expectations for their career trajectories (lightning fast promotions and hefty salary increases, anyone?) and buoyant confidence in their ability to succeed in an ever-changing global labor market. And when their expectations aren't met or their working conditions fail to meet their desires, Millennials aren't afraid to walk – the average tenure in a job is 4.4 years and falling.
Beyond that, Millennials seek meaning in their work. The Philosophers' Mail – Alain de Botton's thoughtful take-off of The Daily Mail and the stories it covers – recently ran a piece about 'misemployment' that perfectly captures the underlying idea that makes young employees so restless in their early careers and echoes Mendenhall's reasons for quitting the NFL.
"And while we may be genuinely grateful for a job and give our best to do it well, at the back of our minds we do – as employees – nurture the hope that our work contributes in some real way to the common good; that we are making, modestly, a difference. It's not just the most dramatically harmful kinds of work that register as misemployment. We intuitively recognise it when we think of work as 'just a job'; when we sense that far too much of our time, effort and intelligence is spent on meetings that resolve little, on chivying people to sign up for products that – in our heart of hearts we don't admire."
And while there are certainly plenty of jobs that meet these criteria for dissatisfaction - the piece uses the example of someone who hands out flyers for a Vegas casino – the truth is that all jobs include elements of tediousness and frustration – even pro sports. There will always be annoying coworkers to avoid, expense claims to complete, bosses to answer to, long hours to power through or endless email chains to parse. There is meaning and fulfillment, but there's also stress and monotony, regardless of whether you're a startup founder, an artist or a junior accountant in your uncle's firm. You can realize that now and work on creating a satisfying balance between duty and desire in your life or you can realize it three switched majors and four aborted career paths from now.
For Rashard Mendenhall, chasing his passion trumped playing pro football. As an elite athlete, his choice and his future is buffered by the $2.5M he earned with the Cardinals last year. For fellow Millennials, his path should be considered less an aspiration and more an aberration. After all, even writing and traveling the world lose their luster eventually.


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It will be interesting to see if Spieth can find his Friday form and make a run for the lead.
2014 Farmers Insurance Open thread - Page 4
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can anyone guess which excuses Tiger will use in post 3rd round interview?
It can't be "I wasn't prepared." this is a very familiar course for him
OR I am still figuring out the new driver, Putter, irons etc....what have you been doing all winter?
His new Foley swing "process" is almost 4 year old now........
2 doubles and 4 bogies in a row,,,, hmm he should be reaching for his back and limping soon.
I can't guess which excuse he'll use, but I can guess how many fvcks he gives about your opinion...zero
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Lol! They usually can't help themselves. I don't know how it is on this board, but the ones I see in real life are typically of the demographic, especially age-wise.
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I found it interesting when Peter Kostis would ask the players after the round if they would change their strategy due to the course conditions. The ones I heard said basically "no" (Cink and Woodland come to mind). I find this odd because most were not able to get the ball to stay on the green due to the firmness.
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I noticed Number 1 Tiger hater Brandel Chamblee presented his lasted diatribe of how Tiger is slowly losing his game. Suggesting among other things that like himself Tiger is feeling the effects of being a single parent. I hardly think that Tiger feels the same pressure of raising kids as a single parent as Chamblee does.
If you looked closely you could see the foam appear at the corner of Chamblee's mouth as he waved off Notah Begay when he reminded Chamblee that Tiger just came off a season with five PGA wins and player of the year award.
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What are you saying? You wonder if they're dumb? Well, they must have something going for them!
Where is the rep point for me? lol.
Did it just for you...
I only bash Tiger for not making the cut decision on Foley. I thought the end of 2012 would show us whether Foley was working ... ok, another year.
Not working.
Is he looking like Hunter? (Foley telling him that he needs to look more like Hunter)
It's not about Foley ... it's about whether that instructor works for Tiger ...
And it's not working.
Look at Grant Waite's swing, which Tiger admired. Look at Tiger's swing...
Sometimes it's best to have a ... simple mind.
To me, Woodland looks a bit mechanical ... will that short game hold up?
Odds are ... no. But one can say that about almost any player, even Tiger now.
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Recipe by SUSAN FEILER
"This is the richest, most delicious pound cake you will ever eat. There is no substitute for real butter!"
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3 cups
cake flour
1 teaspoon
baking powder
1/2 teaspoon
baking soda
1 teaspoon
1 cup
butter, softened
1 1/2 cups
white sugar
1/2 cup
brown sugar
2 tablespoons
vanilla extract
1 cup
sour cream
1 cup
white sugar
1/2 cup
1/4 cup
1 tablespoon
vanilla extract
Thanks. This is an excellent cake and after reading a review that said it did not have much taste I question if they used pure vanilla. This will make a difference. Also, it is better if it is allowed to age for a couple of days. A cake any baker would be proud to serve.
This recipe was a bit disapointing :( I had really high hopes because because of the ingredients and reviews so maybe that was the problem. It really sounded delicious, especially the butter sauce! I make pound cakes quite often (family favorite) and have had some great ones made from recipes on this site, but this one was not so great. After sitting for a day the cake was really dry except for the sauce soaked parts.The only way I would serve this to company is topped with a fruit sauce, like sauteed strawberries and sugar, but I won't be making this one again.
44 Ratings
This recipe was absolutely delicious and moist. It was simple to make and I had raving reviews from people who tasted this cake.
Perfect for apple upside down cake. I halved the recipe and baked it in an 8X8 pyrex dish. First, I peeled, cored and sliced apples into 8ths. and placed at the bottom of the buttered dish(in a pretty pattern). I then made a caramel sauce, and poured on top of apples. Lastly, I poured the cake batter on top of evreything and baked as usual. Came out fabulously perfect! Can make it using a butterscotch syrup too instead of the caramel. Did not make the sauce that comes with this recipe. I just served with a drizzle of store bought caramel sauce. Yummm!
This buttery pound cake was fairly moist, and the glaze added interest. I baked it in a 325 degree convection oven for 50 minutes, which was plenty. More baking time would have made it too dry. I gave the recipe 4 stars instead of 5, as I felt that after 3 tablespoons of vanilla, 3 sticks of butter and a cup of sour cream that there should have been a more intense flavour....it just needed more "oommph". However, it was a great base for strawberries and vanilla ice cream.
Everbody loves this cake - it's always the first to go. The butter sauce makes it rich and delicious. This will be a new family favorite.
this cake made a big impression on my guests. i made it for a get together and eveyone raved. i made a mistake and added 1/2 cup too much brown sugar, but it turned out fine. i will definitely make this cake again! Thanks!
my family loved it this is the first home made cake i have ever made it was fabulous
* Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
Susan's Butter Cake
Serving Size: 1/12 of a recipe
Servings Per Recipe: 12
Amount Per Serving
** Calories: 598
** Calories from Fat: 261
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Sleepy Kitty Delays Release of LP to January; Evan Sult Remembers Bob Reuter
Reuter wrote a column that paired his incomparable photography with his similarly unique storytelling. When reached by phone on Monday night, Sult began by recounting his introduction to Reuter, which also served as an introduction to much of St. Louis' musical culture.
"When we got to town, he was one of the first things I was aware of because his radio show freaked me out and turned me on -- this is what you want from radio," Sult recalled. "His pledge drives were one of the first things I caught, and I really thought that KDHX was gonna shut down because of the way he was acting."
"We became friends; I didn't think he would like Sleepy Kitty. The first time he saw us play, we played between Warm Jets USA and Maximum Effort, so we really amped it up. He wondered why our record didn't sound like that," said Sult. "We all ended up as friends. We were gonna make a book of his columns; we were gonna shoot photos with him this month, and play shows with him this month. It was an active friendship."
Sult was similarly impressed with Reuter's last band, Alley Ghost, which paired him with a group of players at least 30 years his junior. "One of the things I dug about Alley Ghost was that they were giving and taking from each other in equal measure. They arrived at this realization that this would be a really cool band."
"One of the things that hurts the most is that he wasn't just the grizzled old legend -- he was the unstoppable rocker," said Sult. "Watching the unstoppable rocker get stopped is tough."
As an editor tasked with redesigning Eleven into a kind of inside-out exploration of St. Louis music, written by those who perform it, Sult found in Reuter the perfect voice of experience.
"My feeling before was, this was the gem of the magazine. The one absolute thing I know about [the magazine] was that I am delivering one story and one photo by Bob. I was aware of that when it wasn't a posthumous awareness -- it was an active awareness," said Sult. "This is the stuff that makes this scene look and feel and become timeless. His 'Rocking Our Lives Away' columns were something I always had."
"Obviously you can't replace him. Now, honestly, I'm at a loss as to where to get that feeling. That certainty has stopped right now. I still can't picture the magazine without that rock of authenticity in the middle of it."
Like so many struggling in the wake of Reuter's sudden, shocking death, Sult takes solace in the work that a multi-pronged artist left behind. "You gotta be glad that he made so many things so you could see what he made, but he wanted you to see the city the way he saw it," said Sult. "He was the one who created St. Louis for me."
See Also:
- Remembering Bob Reuter: St. Louis Speaks
- R.I.P. Bob Reuter, St. Louis Music Legend: Man Who Fell Down Elevator Shaft Identified
- The New Seven-Inch Sounds of Sleepy Kitty and Kentucky Knife Fight: Review
- Evan Sult of Sleepy Kitty is the New Editor of Eleven Magazine
Follow RFT Music on Twitter or Facebook. Follow RFT Music editor Daniel Hill on Twitter too, if you are into that sort of thing.
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Call Tele-Link at 804.469.5926
With Tele-Link, you can access information on your bank accounts or loans any time, day or night. It's like having our Customer Service Department at your fingertips – 24 Hours A DAY!
With Tele-Link you can do the following:
- Obtain balance or loan information (includes Checking; Savings; Time Deposits; Credit Lines; Personal, Business, and Real-Estate Loans)
- Verify checks or debits paid
- Verify deposits credited
- Transfer funds between accounts - FREE
- Obtain information on branch and ATM locations, hours, and phone numbers
- Change your security code
What you'll need:
- A touch-tone phone
- Your account number for each account you want to access
- Contact your local branch for your temporary security code
- After you access Tele-Link with your temporary security code, we encourage you to change your security code.
Tele-Link – Menu Options
1. Balance Inquiry or Loan Information
2. Verify Checks or Debits Paid
- Last 5 Checks or Debits Paid
- Specific Check Amount
- Specific Check Number
- Last 5 ATM Withdrawals
3. Verify Deposits Credited
- Last 5 Deposits
- Deposits of Specific Amount
- Last 5 ACH Direct Deposits
4. Transfer Funds Between Accounts
5. Branch and ATM Locations, Hours, and Phone Numbers
6. Change Security Code
Things to remember
- Your personal security code is required to obtain information about your account. Please have your account number ready.
- Direct deposits become part of your available balance on the date received; you may verify the specific amount of the deposit on the following business day.
- To transfer funds between accounts that do not have the same Primary Owner (SSN# or tax ID#), you will first need to complete a pre-authorized agreement with Bank of McKenney. If you have not yet completed this form, please contact our customer service department.


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Evil lurked in Luzerne County
Something scary was happening in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania. A kid who had never been in trouble would show up in juvenile court for writing a prank note or having drug paraphernalia and -- BOOM -- he would disappear.
Kids were locked up for months at a time even when probation officers recommended against it. Youth advocates complained, but no one listened.
Now, everyone knows why. Two of the judges were running a scheme in which they shunted kids to private jails in exchange for at least $2.6 million in kickbacks. In what the media are calling "one of the most stunning cases of judicial corruption on record," one of the two bad judges actually shut down the county juvenile hall so kids would have to go to PA Child Care LLC, which owned him.
A senior judge from a neighboring county will have the laborious task of going through all cases handled by the judges for the past six years, to "identify the affected juveniles and rectify the situation as fairly and swiftly as possible."
A first step in rectifying the situation -- or at least making the wronged kids feel a bit better about the world -- might be to lock up the offenders. But after the judges pleaded guilty in federal court Thursday to tax charges, they were allowed to remain free pending sentencing.
Too bad they didn't afford that same courtesy to the youngsters who came before them.


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Canvas travel tote with black leather trim and bottom | Logo patch at front | Two rolled leather carry handles | Removable adjustable shoulder strap | Signature gold and silver tone exposed zip main compartment closure | Canvas interior with press stud pockets.
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You will be issued a full refund if we are unable to fulfill your order.
If you have any questions, please contact us at email@example.com or (646) 237-6078.


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"What are they up to?"
More Tennesseans will likely be asking that question of their local government officials if leaders of the Tennessee County Commissioners Association have their way. The TCCA wants to weaken Tennessee's Sunshine Law to allow elected officials to meet in secret.
It's a bad idea, and one that should infuriate every citizen of this state who cares about open government. The public's business needs to be conducted in public. Closing doors only leads to suspicion.
"What are they really doing behind closed doors?"
Tennesseans would not be able to answer that question if Williamson County Commissioner Bob Barnwell, the former president of the TCCA, has his way. Barnwell is pushing a proposal to allow elected officials to meet without a quorum to discuss the public's business. Citizens would not be apprised of when or where these non-quorum sessions are being held.
That's just wrong. It also runs counter to public sentiment. Citizens are demanding more, not less, transparency from their government these days
"Can we trust our elected leaders to have our best interests in mind at these closed-door meetings?"
Don't count on it. One of the reasons Tennessee lawmakers passed the Sunshine Law in 1974 was to rid government of the cronyism and feather-bedding that go with conducting government in secret. Elected officials want us to take their word that they will do the right thing behind closed doors. Well pardon us, but we would rather be there and judge for ourselves.
To their credit, Washington County commissioners are against watering down the Sunshine Law. Commissioners here have called it a bad idea, and we applaud their principled and clear-headed stand on this issue.
We wish we could say the same of county commissioners in other counties of our area. Last week, Sullivan County commissioners approved a resolution asking the General Assembly to weaken the Sunshine Law. In Unicoi County, commissioners there have asked the county attorney to prepare a resolution so that they, too, can express support for this despicable idea.
Unicoi County commissioners are scheduled to vote on this resolution at a special meeting on Dec. 19 at 4:30 p.m. We urge all citizens of Unicoi County who believe the best government is the government that conducts its business in the open show up at this meeting and send this clear message to their commissioners:
"We have a right to know what you are up to."