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IT Governance Strategy
IT Governance is designed to ensure the effective and efficient uses of IT through value creation, management of risks, and optimization of resources in enabling the University to achieve its goals and objectives.
Purpose and Scope
Direct IT endeavors in accordance with the following objectives:
- Aligning ITS with the rest of the University to realize the promised benefits of IT;
- Allowing ITS to enable the University by exploiting IT opportunities and maximizing IT benefits;
- Using IT resources responsibly; and
- Managing IT-related risks appropriately.
Process Steps & Templates
The first step is to review the proposal with your divisional representative. Divisional representatives also serve as members of the IT Rationalization Committee (ITRC). After receiving approval from your divisional representative you will complete and submit the idea rationalization form. All ideas classified as transformative are reviewed by the ITRC. If the idea is approved by the ITRC, you will need to complete a business case, and a business requirements document (Step 4). Once the business case, detailed scope, requirements, architectural design and resources needs are understood, the ITRC will review the proposal a second time. Below are links to the idea rationalization template and email address for submission.
Summary of Idea Form Process
- Step 1: Receive review/approval from ITRC divisional representatives before submission
- Step 2: Complete and submit Idea Form
- Step 3: For Transform ideas, ITRC reviews request
- Step 4: Approved projects develop detailed scope, costs, architectural design and required campus resources
- Step 5: ITRC decides whether to proceed or reject
- Step 6: Approved projects are assigned to a project manager
Click here for a PDF of the ITRC Process
Divisional Representatives
- Academic Affairs: Jay Raja, Associate Provost for Academic Affairs
- Business Affairs: David Tobelman, Director of Technical Operations and Planning
- Chancellor's Office: Krista Newkirk, Chancellor's Chief of Staff
- Student Affairs: Ted Elling, Associate Vice Chancellor for Student Affairs
- University Advancement: Tammie Boyd, Senior Director of University Advancement Operations
- Information and Technology Services: Michael Carlin, Vice Chancellor for Information Technology and Chief Information Officer
Idea Form
- Idea Rationalization Form
- Email Completed Forms To: firstname.lastname@example.com
IT Governance Forums
Committees provide processes for inputs and outputs with defined roles and responsibilities for stakeholders including senior administration, campus leaders, faculty, staff, students, and ITS. To learn more about the IT Governance Forums, click here.


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This car was first registered to Fiat Auto S.p.A., designated as a works car for rallying. First registered on its Torino number plates, TO... More
FIAT: 1976 124 Spider, very well-kept 5-speed convertible 124 Spider, would love to keep it, but too many toys and too little time, if... More
1981 Fiat 124 Spider Convertible ZFAA00BXB8183600; Green over saddle; Aluminum wheels, 88K miles, not running; needs 4th gear In storage for 20 years and the running... More
1978 Fiat 124 Spider that can be driven as it is being restored. The car is in white with red interior and it comes... More
ONE OWNER FIAT SPIDER BODY BY PININFARINA, FERARRI COACH BUILDER OWNER BELIEVE 36,000 MILES TO BE CORRECT - MILEAGE IS EXEMPT DUE TO AGE AM/FM RADIO POWER WINDOWS FOG LIGHTS ALLOY... More

subset: commoncrawl


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Click Here to Watch the Whole Video in HD at Alternadudes
Alternadudes - the hottest alternative guys: skaters, surfers, rockers, punks, goths, emo guys and other real alt guys with tattoos, piercings, and more.
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Ice Cream Bonbons
Ice Cream Bonbons
Cost per serving: $1.51
This recipe calls for two baking sheets to allow you to keep half of the ice cream in the freezer while you coat the rest with chocolate. If the ice cream starts to soften too much, put the baking sheet back in the freezer for 15 minutes before continuing.
See recipe: Ice Cream Bonbons


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Oxley's Triple Crown Contenders to Race for Equine Research
than two dozen universities to underwrite more than 160 specific projects. Benefits to the horse industry from past Grayson-Jockey Club sponsored research include development of vaccines against virus abortion, equine influenza, and equine viral arteritis; significant understanding of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM); and ongoing improvements in protecting soundness, fertility, etc.
"This is a very generous pledge, which underscores Thoroughbred owners' concern for the welfare of horses," said Foundation president Edward L. Bowen. "We were fortunate enough to benefit from a similar pledge from the owners of 1994 Kentucky Derby winner Go for Gin, and we wish the Oxleys continued success as well."
Copyright © 2015 The Blood-Horse, Inc. All Rights Reserved.


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Henry Lee Lucas Biography
- Born: 23-08-1936
- Died: 13-03-2001
- Birth Place: Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
Henry Lee Lucas Biography
Henry Lee Lucas was born in Blacksburg, Virginia, in the Appalachian Mountains, on 23 August 1936, to Anderson & Viola Lucas. Following the loss of both of Anderson's legs in a drunken train track accident, Viola was the sole source of income in the house, a squalid two-room log cabin where the entire family shared the single bedroom. Most of Lucas' siblings, eight in all, were fortunate enough to have been farmed out to relatives early on in their lives, but Henry and his half-brother were forced to stay with their mother, a vicious, brutal tyrannical woman who earned a living as a prostitute. She moved her lover and pimp, a man named Bernie, into the family home, and would regularly force the boys to observe her having sex with a succession of strangers. She provided absolutely no nurturing, either physically or emotionally, and believed that the sole purpose of her children was to do her bidding. Lucas' disabled father gave the young boy some comfort, when he could, but was generally as brutalised as his son. Anderson was responsible for the brewing of bootleg whisky to supplement their meagre income, but he consumed more than he sold, also encouraging his young son: Lucas later claimed to have been practically an alcoholic by the age of 10.
Viola Lucas had a sadistic nature, inexplicably forcing the young Lucas into girl's clothing, and curling his hair, before sending him to school where he naturally suffered the mockery of his schoolmates. When teachers tried to intervene, Viola made it clear that she would raise the boy her own way, and she brooked no interference. Lucas was regularly beaten by her, on one occasion into unconsciousness for a couple of days; on another, he lost an eye due to his mother's lack of action following an accident at school, and he had to have a prosthetic glass eye fitted.
Following the death of Anderson, who froze to death in a drunken stupor, Viola's boyfriend Bernie introduced Lucas to bestiality, and also indoctrinated him into the practice of brutal animal torture. In addition to witnessing his mother's sexual acts from a very early age, Lucas also engaged in sex with his half-brother, and he became obsessed with all forms of sex and torture. He also became a prolific burglar, and spent a good deal of his teens in Young Offenders institutions, where the authorities noted his sexual activities with other inmates.
The Crimes:
Lucas claimed that he killed his first victim at the age of 15, a young girl who had refused his sexual advances. He strangled her and dumped the body and, although no body was found, the disappearance in March 1951 of 17-year-old Laura Burnley was linked to Lucas, although he later recanted this confession.
In 1954, Lucas was convicted on several counts of burglary in and around Richmond, Virginia, and was sentenced to six years' imprisonment. He managed to escape from a prison road-gang, was then recaptured, and was released on 2 September 1959, one year early, despite his earlier escape.
After his release, Lucas moved to Tecumseh, Michigan, to live with his half-sister, Opal. Lucas met a girl called Stella and proposed to her before Christmas 1959. His mother Viola strongly disapproved of his choice of bride, however, and came to Michigan to air her concerns, insisting that Lucas return to live with her instead. A violent argument ensued and Stella broke off the engagement. Viola continued to try to persuade Lucas to return home with her, and a number of heated arguments culminated in a vicious fight, on 11 January 1960, that ended with Lucas stabbing Viola in Opal's apartment and fleeing the house. She died some days later of a heart-related condition originating from the attack.
The police picked Lucas up in Toledo, Ohio. Initially, he pleaded self-defence, and then claimed that he had killed his mother deliberately and raped her post-mortem, although he later recanted his confession. This type of behaviour became typical later in his life, although on a far grander scale. In March 1960, he pleaded guilty to second-degree murder, and was sentenced to 20 to 40 years in prison.
He tried to commit suicide twice during his jail term, and spent time in the Iona State Mental Institution. Due to severe overcrowding conditions in the Michigan State Penitentiary, he was released after serving only 10 years of his sentence, on 3 June 1970, but was back inside by December 1971, this time for kidnapping two teenage girls. He served a four-year sentence for this offence and was released on 22 August 1975.
In December 1975, he married widow Betty Crawford, but the marriage was short-lived: they were divorced in summer 1977, when she accused him of interfering with her young daughters from her first marriage.
Wandering aimlessly around the American South following his divorce, Lucas met a kindred spirit, named Ottis Toole, with whom he began a homosexual affair, in early 1978, and he moved in with Toole's family in Jacksonville, Florida. Lucas also began an affair with Toole's niece, Frieda Powell, known as Becky, who was not yet in her teens at the time. According to Lucas, he and Toole developed a close relationship, moulded by crime, and made money by holding up convenience stores and banks. Depending on whether one accepts Lucas' multiple confessions to murder or not, he also began a murder spree of epic proportions, that continued virtually unabated until his arrest in June 1983. Toole later corroborated Lucas' claims, but Lucas' later recantation of all confessions leaves a question mark over whether Lucas, Toole and even Becky, were complicit in a homicidal spree or not.
The trio were forced onto the road in 1981 when they lost their Jacksonville home after Toole's mother died, and Lucas' claims of criminal acts extended from straightforward murder to necrophilia, cannibalism, baby kidnapping rings and even Satanic cults. On one occasion, he even claimed to have supplied and delivered Jim Jones the poison for the infamous Jonestown cult massacre, in Guyana. On another, he claimed to have been in Washington State, contributing to the 'Green River Killer' body count, although this was later discounted, when it was conclusively proved that he was elsewhere when the murders occurred.
By early 1982, Lucas and Becky were travelling alone, ending up in Ringgold, Texas, in May, where they were taken in by 82-year-old widow, Kate Rich, who came to regard Becky with a great deal of affection. Lucas and Becky did not reciprocate this affection, however, and were driven away by Rich's relatives, when they discovered that the pair were stealing from the old woman.
They were then taken in by Ruben Moore, who gave them board and lodging at his religious commune in Stoneburg, Texas, known as 'The House of Prayer', and Lucas found work as a roofer. Despite their poor treatment of Kate Rich, she remained in contact with Becky during this time. All was well until August 1982, when Becky decided she was homesick and insisted that they return to Florida.
On 23 August, they left the commune, but Lucas returned the next day claiming to Moore that Becky and he had argued at a truck stop, and that she had hitched a ride with a trucker, leaving him behind. Apparently a witness corroborated this story, although he later confessed that he had killed her during a fight, had sex with her corpse, chopped her into small pieces and returned later to bury the remains.
Kate Rich was suspicious of Lucas' return without Becky, and badgered him for further information over the following weeks, until he eventually agreed to meet with her. He took her out in Moore's car, stabbed her and dumped her body, returning later to retrieve the body, which he disposed of by dismembering and burning it in a wood stove in the commune kitchen.
The search for Rich brought the police into contact with Lucas, given his previous history with her, but the sheriff, named Conway, was unable to link him conclusively to the disappearance, and was forced to release him. He left the area immediately, returning to his aimless travel mode, and killing indiscriminately (or not, depending on whose version of events is accepted.)
The Arrest:
Short of money, and desperate, Lucas eventually contacted Ruben Moore again in May 1983, who promised to help him out if he returned to Stoneburg. Unbeknownst to Lucas, Moore contacted the police to apprise them of his impending return, and he was held on outstanding car theft charges, released, and then arrested for the last time on 11 June 1983, on possession of firearms charges.
Sheriff Conway was determined to hold Lucas this time, but he refused to admit any knowledge of Rich's death. In an attempt to get at the truth, Lucas was deprived of cigarettes and caffeine, and refused legal counsel; by 15 June 1983, Conway had his confession and much more: Lucas admitted killing Rich, as well as Powell (who had been presumed alive until that time). He also admitted having killed indiscriminately over the previous 10 years, claiming a victim count in the hundreds, initially.
What is interesting about the Lucas case is that the doubts about his true murder count don't stem from the expected quarter, namely the ghoulish groupies who tend to surround serial killers with pledges of marriage and claims of innocence: they come from all areas of law enforcement, from officers on the ground to Attorneys General. Some claim that Lucas had information that only the killer could have; others believe that, in order to facilitate a confession, he was given access to police notes prior to interview, so that he could give an accurate account that would implicate him.
The Lucas Task Force was set up in late 1983, and what is clear is that Lucas had a tremendous sense of power, as police forces from across the country assembled to try to clear unsolved cases. Lucas spent a great deal of time travelling around the country, during which time he was treated extremely well, granted unheard-of freedoms for a convicted murderer, and his eventual confessions totalled over 3,000. More than 200 cases were closed as a direct result of his confessions. Those who doubted his confessions grew increasingly uncomfortable as they became increasingly outlandish, but the desire to clear hundreds of 'cold' cases was irresistible.
Lucas was eventually charged with 11 homicides, including the killing of an unknown woman, known only as 'Orange Socks', because they were the only clothing found on her body, in April 1984. This latter confession resulted in the death sentence being handed down, but rather than a cell on Death Row, Lucas returned to the Lucas Task Force headquarters, where he continued to assist police with case clearances, travelling around the country at taxpayer's expense. (Interestingly, Lucas did almost certainly not commit the only case in which he received the death penalty, according to later investigations by both Amnesty International and the Texas Attorney's General Office.)
On 15 April 1985, a reporter at the Dallas Times-Herald, Hugh Aynesworth, published a series of stories, following interviews with Lucas, claiming that Lucas' confessions had been a hoax. He claimed that Lucas had soon realised the advantages to be had, in personal comfort terms, if he continued to 'assist' the police, and therefore maintained the charade as long as possible, with the collusion of police authorities. Lucas then recanted almost all of his confessions, and police officials who had been sceptical expressed their own doubts publicly.
Clearly Lucas' usefulness as a 'case closer' was over, and he was sent to Death Row in Huntsville to await his execution. His defence team launched a number of appeals following the recantation of his confession to the murder of 'Orange Socks'. Lucas continued to give interviews, making various claims, including that he had confessed the 'Orange Socks' killing as a form of 'legal suicide'; that he had only wanted to improve his well-being in jail; that he wanted to assuage his guilt over the killing of Becky Powell; and that he had wanted to make the police authorities seem stupid.
'The Lucas Report', published in 1986 by Attorney General Jim Mattox, uncovered a raft of contradictory evidence that resulted in the re-opening of a large number of the cases that had been previously closed as a result of the confessions.
Lucas' appeals were eventually exhausted and, on 24 June 1998, he conducted an interview with the press, in what was expected to be his last public appearance before being executed by lethal injection. He was not hopeful of reprieve, according to the gathered reporters. Amazingly, just 48 hours later, on 26 June 1998, George W. Bush, then Governor of Texas, commuted his death sentence to a life sentence, on the recommendation of the Texas Parole Board, which concluded that he could not have killed 'Orange Socks'. It was the only time during his tenure as Governor that Bush showed clemency to a Death Row prisoner.
Nearly three years later, on the evening of 12 March 2001, 64-year-old Lucas died in prison from heart failure, taking the truth about his actual victim count with him.


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UK specialists in high quality Solar Panels.
Best selling 80w Solar monocrystalline solar panels are an ideal solution for off grid locations as well as out buildings.
All of our 80w Solar Panels are supplied with charge controller and connecting cables.
Go Green today and install an 80w Solar Panel! It's easy!


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Ahead of a a July 30 court date that will pit Apple and Samsung against each other, in what may be the Patent Trial of the Century, the two smartphone giants have been ordered to negotiate a settlement out of court. As CNN reports, Apple has gone to great lengths to ensure that no such settlement is possible, with an exorbitant list of demands, and a trivially small valuation of Samsung's patents.
CNN says that Apple wants a total of over $2.5 billion from Samsung ($500 million in lost profits, $25 million in royalty damages, and $2 billion for the profits Samsung "unjustly received" using Apple's intellectual property.) They're also after significant royalties on sales of future Samsung devices, to pay for the use of the Apple patents they claims Samsung is using. In total, Apple thinks they're entitled to over $30 per device, which is likely more than Samsung even makes off a single unit of many of their devices. The breakdown of what Apple wants for their patents is as follows:
- $2.02 for the "overscroll bounce" (or "rubber-banding") '318 patent
- $3.10 for the "scrolling API" '915 patent
- $2.02 for the "tap to zoom and navigate" '163 patent
- $24 for use of any of Apple's design patents or trade dress rights
In return, for the use of Samsung's patents in Apple devices, Apple has offered Samsung…half a cent. While demanding over $30 in patent royalties per Samsung device, Apple is only willing to pay $0.05 in patent royalties to Samsung per Apple device.
The chances of these two companies reaching an out-of-court settlement is practically zero, if this is the sort of demands Apple is making. They've got a few days left before the trial begins in earnest next Monday. Many long-disputed aspects of patent law will be brought to the table in this case, and the ruling made therein could have lasting effects on the American patent system as we know it.
As consumers, we better be crossing our fingers and hoping that the U.S. court decides to throw out some of the more overly broad patents that will be under fire in this case. Regardless of where your allegiances lie in the ongoing battle between smartphone makers, it's in the best interest of innovation and competitiveness for software patents and overly broad design patents to get thrown out the window.
We'll be keeping a close eye on these proceedings come Monday.


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Paradise Restaurant, George Town
Visit the world famous Paradise Restaurant. Seafood and the famous cheeseburger in paradise. More restaurants from the islands to come soon. Tell us your favorite and send us your videos of your visits.
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Glass Negative - International Harvester, D Series Motor Vans, Herald, circa 1938 Reg. No: MM 048161
- Description Of Content:
- Three Internationa D series newspaper delivery vans marked 'Herald' parked in bays at the Herald Building, Flinders Street, Melbourne.
More information
|Tagged with:
|newspapers, motor vans, motor vehicles, motor trucks
|Themes this item is part of:
|Sustainable Futures Collection, Working Life & Trades Collection, Transport Collection
|Primary Classification:
|Secondary Classification:
|Motor Vehicles
|Tertiary Classification:
|motor vans
|Model Name/Number:
|Glass Negative: Black & White
|Place & Date Depicted:
|Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, circa 1938
Ray Goss Posted on 04 Jun 2010 10:51 AM
Thanks for the reply. The vehicle I have is older again it is a D1 International - it has spoked wheels and has no radiator cowling. These trucks are similar but are possibly the next model after. I have never seen a photo of a D1 on the internet.
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Simply Ming is a production of WGBH Boston and Ming East-West, LLC.
Distributed by American Public Television.
Series funding for Season 12 provided by:
Simply Ming is taped at Ming's studio at Clarke Luxury Appliance Showroom.
Copyright © 2015 WGBH Educational Foundation and Ming East-West, LLC. All rights reserved.
Simply Ming
The James Beard and Emmy-nominated public television series SIMPLY MING returns for its twelfth season.
There's also something new for Season 12. Ming returns with 26 all-new amazing episodes. And, we're establishing an overall theme to the Season - Comfort Foods. Each studio all-star guest shares what comfort food means to them, and cooks up some of their favorite dishes.
When Ming goes "On the Road", he's now heading to Australia. It's become such a food-focused country that he wants to experience it for himself. From Sydney to Adelaide to Kangaroo Island, he explores the complete "Down Under" culinary scene.
As we did with Season 11, we'll be rolling out all Season 12 episodes for you to watch right here.
Friends of Simply Ming
Learn about the chefs, purveyors and manufacturers that help make Simply Ming possible.


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Register now for Indian River Adult Education fall career programs
Fall career programs
Be on the lookout for the fall schedule. Adult and Community Education has begun registration for the fall career programs. Programs that will be offered include pharmacy technician, medical assisting, medical coding/billing, nursing assisting, home health aide, security officer, phlebotomy, and culinary arts. The Adult and Community Education School is accredited by the Council on Occupational Education and all programs offer either a state license or national certification. If you need assistance in planning your career pathway, call Christi Shields at 772-564-4998 for an appointment; let her help you start your future today.
Summer home health aide program
If you are interested in becoming a home health aide, we have the class you need. We will offer an evening and Saturday home health aide class from July 17 to Aug. 18. Students will attend class 5 to 9:30 p.m. Monday, Tuesday and Thursday and 8 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. Saturdays. The cost for this 90-hour class is $459 and students are encouraged to register now as space is limited for this program. This is a great program to consider if you are considering the medical field.
August pharmacy technician program
Adult Education will offer a full-time pharmacy technician program Aug. 21 through Dec. 20. Students will attend class 8 a.m. to 3:15 p.m. Tuesday through Friday. The cost is $1,676 for Florida residents and students are encouraged to register as soon as possible as space is limited. Students who complete this program and pass the national exam will be able to register with the state as a registered pharmacy technician as well as be given the designation as a nationally certified pharmacy technician. A part-time evening class also will be available; call 564-5002 for more information.
Evening culinary program
If you have always had a love of cooking and want to turn your hobby into a career, you may want to consider Adult Education's culinary program. Students attend class Tuesday and Thursday evenings and all day on Saturday. Class will be held Aug. 21 to Dec. 22. Successful students will leave with the skills and certificates needed to work in the food industry. The cost of this program is $1,257. Call 564-4970 for more information or visit our office to register. Students rave about this class; it is educational and fun.
Consult a full course schedule for times, dates and course fees. The course schedule is available at the office, at area libraries and on the web at indianriverschools.org. Gift certificates are available. Adult Education, a division of the Indian River County School District, is at 1426 19th St., downtown Vero Beach. Phone 564-4970 for more information. All posted prices are based on one year Florida residency.
Subscribe to TCPalm.com and our Treasure Coast Newspapers
Need Help? Call us at 1-877-710-6180.
Monday-Friday: 6am-3pm / Saturday: 6:30am-10:30am / Sunday: 7am-11am


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Peru State to break ground on $14 million Oak Bowl renovation
(Peru, Neb.) Peru State College (PSC) will break ground on a $14 million renovation of the Oak Bowl tomorrow, Saturday, Oct. 20, immediately following the 1 p.m. football game versus Central Methodist University. It's the facility's first major renovation since it was constructed in 1900.
Earlier this year, District 1 State Senator Lavon Heidemann led the way in securing $7.5 million in state funds for the renovation of the historic facility.
PSC President Dan Hanson said, "The State of Nebraska's willingness to invest in Peru State's future is largely due to the college's progress and forward momentum over the past several years. A revitalized Oak Bowl will allow the college to be competitive both on the field and in student recruitment. As one of the largest outdoor facilities in southeast Nebraska, the lighted, turfed field will be used for football, our active intramural program, and a variety of academic and co-curricular events like band competitions, camps and high school football play-offs."
Total cost for the project, including a new Fieldhouse, is estimated at $14 million. To complete the project in its entirety the college is working to generate private gifts and donations.
Bill Sapp and Lee Sapp, owners of Sapp Brothers Travel Centers and Petroleum, have made the first significant gift to the project. Their donation of $500,000 is the largest single non-estate gift in the institution's history.
For more information regarding the Oak Bowl project or how to help in the early stages of this process, contact the Peru State Foundation at firstname.lastname@example.com or 402-872-2304.


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Mar 08 2012
Community Question: Ideas to liven up an 8th grade U.S. History class?
Community Question is a category inspired by you. Here and there readers write in with questions that are better served by the varied, experiential knowledge of those who read and contribute in the comments.
The following question is from Bob F.
"I teach 7th and 8th grade Social Studies in Toledo, OH. I have some good craft projects for my 7th graders who study more world history, but my 8th graders see what the younger kids do, and they say,"Why can't we do fun stuff like them?" So I am writing to you to ask if you have some suggestions. I have the kids for 40 minutes right now, 5 days a week, and we study U.S. History in 8th grade. Next year, that time should lengthen to almost an hour. Any assistance would be greatly appreciated.
Despite the fact that I teach public school, I acknowledge that in some situations, homeschooling is actually superior, because of the freedom you have to make any activity a learning experience."
Do you have any fun suggestions for Bob's 8th grade U.S. History class?
103 Comments and 17 Replies
Sarah On Wednesday, March 14 at 8:24 am
My Mom homeschooled us from 1st Grade through high school graduation. One really excellent resource she used all the way through was a book called "Let the Authors Speak" (http://www.amazon.com/Let-Authors-Speak-Historical-Setting/dp/0964068125). It has extensive lists of living books (e.g., great novels) organized by time period and historical setting for various grade levels across all historical periods. We would often have a short introduction to ground us in a historical period, then she would turn us loose on a stack of novels based in that time period that she'd ordered from the library. Sometimes she'd read a particularly good one out loud. So, for example, she might read "Rifles for Watie" out loud during a Civil War unit. It worked…textbook information often slips the mind, but I still remember the details of the pre-war pillagers in Kansas, tribes driven from their homelands, Union spies, Confederate guerillas, freed slaves, long marches, and young drummer boys from that book. Loved it (and many other of those excellent books) so much that I've bought my own copies an adult, and sometimes give them to my husband to read (he grew up with French kids literature). Good books stand the test of time, memory, ages, and genders! A few others that stood out off the top of my head: The Little House books (pioneers), The Little Britches series (early 1900s – 1930s, ranching, farming, and the great depression), Caddie Woodlawn (early farm life), Calico Captive (French & Indian wars), The Witch of Blackbird Pond (puritans), Johnny Tremain (revolutionary war), Indian Captive: The Story of Mary Jemison (settler/Indian interactions). "Let the Authors Speak" is a great resource for anyone teaching history or literature.
Amy On Friday, March 16 at 7:47 am
I do not have time to read all the replies but if one of them is "invite a civil war reenactor to your class," that is my suggestion. My husband does civil war reenacting and in the past has gone into classrooms "in character" to talk to the children and let them ask questions about daily life, battles fought, even cooking questions! It was one of the most memorable experiences of his hobby! The kids really enjoyed it. There has to be a unit you can get in touch – just do a search online for "reenactors civil war Ohio." Good luck and have fun!!!
Cassandra On Sunday, March 18 at 5:45 pm
Dear Bob,
I would suggest teaming up with a Language Arts teacher and have students read books about different time periods. Each one will have lots of books about what you are studying. Then, I would encourage students to make power points for the vocabulary words (or as someone else suggested bulletin boards in your room). In the "Woods Runner" about the Revolutionary War, one can learn about objects, quotes, and even some music from the time period.


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Monotype Goudy™ Catalogue
- Designer: Monotype Design Studio
- Design foundry: Monotype
- Source: Monotype
Arial was designed for Monotype in 1982 by Robin Nicholas and Patricia Saunders A contemporary sans serif design, Arial contains more humanist characteristics than many of its predecessors and as such is more in tune with the mood of the last decades of the twentieth century. The overall treatment of curves is softer and fuller than in most industrial style sans serif faces. Terminal strokes are cut on the diagonal which helps to give the face a less mechanical appearance.
Arial is an extremely versatile family of typefaces which can be used with equal success for text setting in reports, presentations, magazines etc, and for display use in newspapers, advertising and promotions.
Licenses for desktop fonts
A typical desktop font EULA will allow you to install the font on your computer for use with authoring tools including word processors, design tools and other applications that permit font selection. Fonts can also be used for creation of print documents, static images (JPEG, TIFF, PNG) and logos. The cost of a desktop font license is determined by the number of workstations on which the font is to be used.View the desktop EULA for this family
Licenses for Fonts.com Web Fonts subscriptions
The Fonts.com Web Fonts license provides access to a selection of fonts for use on websites for use with CSS@font-face. Font delivery from our global network is available through all subscriptions – even our free plan. Some plans include the option to self-host, access to desktop fonts, and use of our FontExplorer X font manager and Typecast design application. The price of a plan is determined by its pageview allowance and other features included.View the Fonts.com Web Fonts subscription license agreement
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A mobile app license permits the embedding of a font into the iOS, Android or Windows Phone mobile platforms for a single title and a set number of app installations. You can view and modify the installation limit from the cart. App installations can be spread out across the platforms your app is available for. A new license is not required to cover updates to an app, however installations of newer versions of your app do count toward your installation limit.Learn more about licenses for mobile apps
Licenses for electronic publications (eBooks)
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Henderson resident sentenced to 10 years on weapons charges
A Henderson resident was sentenced to more than 10 years in federal prison Wednesday on firearm possession charges.
U.S. District Judge Louise W. Flanagan sentenced Jammee D. Terry, 22, of 615 Vaughan St., to a total of 125 months imprisonment, followed by 3 years of supervised release.
Terry was indicted by a grand jury in March 2013, on one count of possessing ammunition as a felon, two counts of possessing a firearm and ammunition as a felon, and two counts of possessing a stolen firearm and ammunition.
Assistant U.S. Attorney S. Katherine Burnette prosecuted the case of the government.
J. Franklin Jackson represented Terry.
On July 17, 2013, he pleaded guilty to possessing ammunition as a felon and two counts of possessing a firearm and ammunition as a felon.
According to the investigation, Terry entered a gas station in Henderson on Jan. 17, 2013, and while leaving the store, he attempted to strike another customer in the back of the head.
Terry then pulled out a loaded firearm and struck the victim in the head. When the victim tried to flee, Terry ran after him and discharged the firearm approximately 10 times and struck the victim in the foot.
In February 2013, Henderson Police officers arrested Terry following complaints that he had pointed a firearm at an adult female, her boyfriend and her infant in another car.
Investigation of this case was conducted by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms & Explosives and the Henderson Police Department.
Contact the writer at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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From the September 5 edition of Fox News' America's Newsroom:
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From the August 25 edition of Fox News' America's Newsroom:
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Following the Obama administration's decision to postpone the deportation of certain undocumented immigrants in order to prioritize "convicted felons" and "public safety threats," right-wing media have reacted by resorting to fearmongering, inflammatory rhetoric, and falsehoods.
Fox News' supposed "straight news" division pushed the theory that President Obama may have committed an impeachable offense by pursuing a new immigration policy, which instructs law enforcement personnel to use prosecutorial discretion to postpone deportation proceedings of certain undocumented workers in order to prioritize the removal of convicted criminals. In fact, the Bush administration used prosecutorial discretion to stop the deportation of certain categories of undocumented immigrants as well.
Fox News falsely reported that the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has instituted a new policy of only deporting unauthorized immigrants who have committed serious crimes. In fact, DHS continues to deport those who have not committed crimes, but, in an effort improve the efficiency of the removal system, the agency will dismiss cases against certain individuals who have pending visa applications and are likely to receive those visas under current law.
Fox News' Gregg Jarrett suggested that an election "scheme" which resulted in the election of the first Latino member of the Board of Trustees of Port Chester, NY is unconstitutional. In fact, the system used in Port Chester is in use elsewhere and was mandated in this case by a judge appointed by George W. Bush.
From the May 31 edition of Fox News' Studio B with Shepard Smith:
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During Fox News host Gregg Jarrett's interview with Sen. Jim DeMint, on-screen text displayed two "FOXfact[s]" that falsely referred to a "$50 bil[lion] bailout fund" contained in financial regulatory reform legislation. Jarrett then asked DeMint if President Obama and others were "deliberately trying to mislead the American public" about the nature of the fund. In fact, the fund would provide for the orderly liquidation of failing firms, not bail them out.
From the February 10 edition of Fox News' America's Newsroom:
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From the Febraury 10 edition of Fox News' America's Newsroom:
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In recent weeks, Fox News has continued its pattern of engaging in political advocacy, this time supporting Scott Brown, the Republican nominee in the special election for the Massachusetts U.S. Senate seat. Fox has hosted Brown several times, providing him a forum to raise funds; Dick Morris has explicitly asked viewers to go to his website to help elect Brown. Fox media figures have distorted Democratic nominee Martha Coakley's statements and suggested Democrats may steal the election; and Fox News has suggested that a Brown victory would provide economic benefits.
On the January 17 edition of America's News HQ, anchor Gregg Jarrett said that Massachusetts Attorney General and Democratic Senate candidate Martha Coakley might be "out of step when she says things like terrorists are no longer in Afghanistan, or in the debate saying, quote, 'We need to get taxes up.' " Both attacks are distortions: The context of Coakley's Afghanistan comments makes clear that she was referring to Al Qaeda's presence in Afghanistan -- echoing numerous military experts' statements regarding Al Qaeda's diminished presence in Afghanistan, and the context of Coakley's tax comments indicates that she was referring to increasing tax revenues by getting people back to work.
From the November 19 edition of Fox News' Happening Now:
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Following up on Fox News' use of 2008 Palin campaign rally footage to depict what the network described as "huge crowds" attending Palin's current book tour, The Chicago Tribune's Swamp blog reports:
"This was a production error in which the copy editor changed a script and didn't alert the control room to update the video,'' Michael Clemente, senior vice president of news at FOX, sad this evening. "There will be an on-air explanation during Happening Now on Thursday."
Earlier, Think Progress caught Fox News showing what was clearly footage of a 2008 Sarah Palin campaign rally but claiming that it was video of "huge crowds" attending Palin's book tour.
But in case the McCain-Palin campaign signs and tee-shirts clearly visible in the footage Fox aired aren't enough to make Fox apologize, here's further proof.
Here's a screenshot of the footage of one of the rallies that Fox's Gregg Jarrett showed today and claimed was "just coming into us" as part of the book tour:
And here's a photo posted last year by Florida TV station CFNews 13 of a November 1, 2008, Palin rally in Ocala, Florida:
And here's a video of that same rally that TPM posted way back in 2008 -- when it actually happened.


text:
From iRedMail
(Difference between revisions)
(→Addition Tutorials)
Latest revision as of 07:53, 10 June 2011
- Upgrade iRedMail from 0.7.1 to 0.7.2
- Please report bugs in our forum: http://www.iredmail.org/forum/
- Download now: http://www.iredmail.org/download.html
[edit] Important Notes
- All users using iRedAdmin open source edition must upgrade iRedAdmin-0.1.4 to iRedAdmin-0.1.5.
- All users using iRedAPD-1.3.5 (postfix policy daemon) with MySQL backend must apply hotfix to fix mysql connection issue.
[edit] Release Notes
iRedMail-0.7.2 is a bugfix release, it also fixes some possible XSS vulnerabilities in iRedAdmin (open source edition).
Below are changes since v0.7.1:
- Works on Ubuntu 11.04.
- Enable LDAPS on FreeBSD by default. Thanks Markus Wyrsch <W-Chi@>.
- Add alias domain support in postfix virtual_mailbox_domains (MySQL backend special).
- Set 'ServerTokens' to 'ProductOnly' in Apache on Debian/Ubuntu. Thanks c33s@forum.
- Update Fail2ban filter to catch more password failures in Postfix log file.
- Package update:
- Roundcube webmail -> 0.5.3
- phpLDAPadmin -> 184.108.40.206
- phpMyAdmin -> 3.4.1
- iRedAPD -> 1.3.6. Fixes two issues which are MySQL backend special.
- iRedAdmin -> 0.1.5. Fixes some possible XSS vulnerabilities.
[edit] Addition Tutorials
Below are some addition tutorials you might be interested in:
- Install iRedMail + SOGo Groupware on Debian. Contributed by Luciano Pedron, 2011-06-04
- Integrate Microsoft Active Directory with iRedMail


text:
Definition of non-discriminatory in English:
Not making an unfair or prejudicial distinction between different categories of people or things: enlistment is voluntary and non-discriminatory; any sex, any age a non-discriminatory policy was introduced
More example sentences
- The golf club was recommended to adopt non-discriminatory selection procedures and ordered to draw up an equal opportunities policy.
- Amongst other things, Australia is signatory to a convention which actually requires Australia to apply human rights equally in a non-discriminatory way.
- The crux of the issue is this: Almost all employees are considered "at will" - this means they can be fired at any time for any legal reason (i.e., you cannot fire someone because of the race, religion, etc., but almost all non-discriminatory reasons are OK.)
Definition of non-discriminatory in:
- US English dictionary
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I'm guessing you haven't seen Kyrie Irving play. The kid is a budding superstar. Add a legit scoring wing in this year's draft and the Cavs are well on their way to being relevant again.
You don't draft a right tackle with a top-5 pick. Richardson should be the guy IMO.
The Cavs are six games behind the Knicks. How about checking the facts before posting this stuff?
"Give the Heat all they can handle." That's funny. I advise you use your head and not your heart when analyzing that situation.
Delvelopmental QB, eh? How often do those 4th round QBs turn into Super Bowl winners? Hardly ever. This is why the Browns have been so bad. Until the QB position is adressed this franchise will continue to be miserable. I'm a huge Browns fan, but it's amazing how archaic their thinking continues to be when this new age passing NFL conitinues to do laps around them.
You are way too fixated on the strikeouts. Pena has a very good on-base % for his career because he walks a lot. That's a very valuable asset, on top of the power and his glove at first.
I'm not a very big McCoy fan, but what purpose would McNabb serve? Stupid.
Can you see through those rose-colored glasses?
Using words like "If" and "should" is assuming a lot.
By the way, typical delusional, rose-colored glasses approach by Pluto. The guy's a joke.
Brees has a stronger arm. Period. End of story.
Look, Colt is what he is. A smart guy with all the intangibles, but his physical tools limit his potential. He's the type of QB that needs a lot around him to win. Unlike the elite guys, he doesn't have the physical ability to lead an average cast to the playoffs.
He'll be drafted on Thursday night.
Boston has the best record in the league without West playing. The Cavs won 66 games in 2008 WITHOUT Shaq. Try again, it was all LeBron with roles players sprinkled in.
Players almost always publicly support the coach. I think it scares them that they could be in danger of losing their job in a new regime. The same praise was there for Crennell...
Z and Delonte gave the team next to nothing last year and Shaq missed a lot of games and they still won 61 (would have been more but LeBron sat out the last four games and they lost all four). LeBron makes a 30-game difference whether you like it or not.
This is most likely the least talented roster in the NBA. At least the other bad teams all have a legit young piece or two to build around; the Cavs have nothing. That's why they need to accumulate multiple lottery picks.
The worst possible thing this franchise could do is make a trade to bring in a player to try and make the playoffs this year. All that would do is keep them in mediocrity forever.
This is not NY, LA, Miami or any other big-market team; no free agents are coming here and there's almost no value on the roster to trade for a good player or two
the ONLY way to properly rebuild this thing is to be patient, endure a few really bad seasons, and collect 2-3 high lotto picks. Making some patchwork trade to enable the Cavs to win 30 games as opposed to 20 would be beyond stupid.
If Mangini were coaching in a city where the fans and media actually expected winning, he would already be out the door. In this city, it's good enough to just be "close' in the second half, win or lose.
Pluto is the biggest rose-colored glasses shill in the city. The way he writes, you would think we'd have 10 titles in the past decade.
Mangini's gone, like it or not. He's 10-20 over two years and just lost to Buffalo and Cincinnatti. He's not a Holmgren guy. I think Holmgren wanted Mangini to blow him away, but he has fallen way short of that.
For all of you who love Mangini: I guarantee you no other teams will be beating down the door to get him when he's fired.
What low expectations we have; people are happy just being competitive, even if we lose. Do you think this would be acceptable in Pittsburgh, NE, Indy, Philly, Dallas or New York?


text:
Goodtaste Houston!
Good wine, good food, great fun with Tanji Patton
Posts filtered on Tag
What Would Gatsby Drink Here?
A friend of mine who is a news anchor on the west coast recently sent me an email with a 'must do' subject line. Attached was an invitation to attend a wine pairing dinner this fall that I couldn't say no to — Gatsby at Hearst Castle. If you've ever been to Hearst Castle, then you […] [Read More]


text:
bcg2 and Mediacom have teamed up with Sela & Pua (SnP) to launch a new study myth busting campaign to boost mid-year enrolments at MIT. This campaign confronts the misunderstandings that many prospective students can have about studying. The campaign uses layered channels to drive enquiries to MIT's enrolment call centre or to get more course information from www.manukau.ac.nz. Media includes press, mall lites, ad shells, online and radio.
'There are many barriers to tertiary education. For instance, many people think they have to wait until 2014 for the next academic year to start' says Bonnie Carboon, Account Director at bcg2. 'But at MIT you can start a huge range of courses throughout 2013. Other barriers to be challenged are concerns about balancing work and study, and that studying for skills will take too long or cost too much. This campaign busts those myths completely' she adds.
'SnP are a great fit with MIT' says Robin Powell, Creative Director at bcg2. 'These guys have great chemistry that cuts right through the big brand posturing of most other tertiary institutions. It was clear the first time we discussed what MIT wants to achieve that they are passionate about making a positive difference in the communities that MIT serves across Auckland.'
Media personalities and entertainers, Sela Alo and Pua Magasiva (SnP) understand the importance of furthering one's education to get ahead in life, especially amongst Maori and Pacific people. 'Manukau Institute of Technology works around your lifestyle, whether you're currently working or looking to upskill, there's definitely a place for you at M.I.T.' says Sela and Pua. "In this day and age, you need to further your education if you want to get ahead. You have to want to achieve, have the right attitude and be prepared to work hard to make your dreams come true and studying at MIT allows anybody to do just that!'
Vanessa Ellis, Director Sales & Marketing MIT, had this to say. 'At MIT we always try to prepare people for jobs, careers and to be productive and work ready for employers. There is a fantastic response to this campaign from the Faculties, as it's something that gets everyone, everyone in the institute, fired up with positive encouragement, because the reason they are here is to make a difference to people's lives through learning.,


text:
You won't be able to dismiss this by usual means (escape or click button), but you can close it programatically based on user choices or actions.
"I wanted an invitation for my husband's 60th birthday, that I knew he would be comfortable with. While this invitation is more on the formal side it reflects his interest in wine and his taste for more classic styles. I was so happy to find it was an option! The paper and envelope are very nice and I'm glad I didn't pay for an upgrade. The rush service went as planned. The return address printing on the envelopes appears to be limited to two lines. If you live in a multiple dwelling this could be a problem."
"The paper was excellent quality & thick stock. The text print was great & the customer service superb. The colors & design of the card were great so I didn't change that. I appreciated the free review & normal etiquite changes. Although this was seen originally for a birthday celebration, it was able to be changed/personalized for a wedding rehearsal dinner since it followed the theme. I was unable to find anything like this with other print businesses."
"I got so many compliments on this invitation for my graduation party! One lady said they were "the cutest invitations she had ever seen!" The card stock was so nice and thick... my husband even commented on how "substantial" they were. Overall, I am very satisfied and can't wait for the party!"
"I ordered these cards a couple of weeks ago for my 10 year wedding anniversary and I am so impressed with them. The card quality is amazing as well as the exceptional customer service!! I have ordered from tiny prints before and as always - tons of compliments."
"It was difficult to find a 60th card invitation for a man and this one was perfect! Elegant yet not too fru-fru. I really liked the font and the black and white."


text:
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Four Year High on the S&P
The market started off strongly last week before faltering slightly when Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke did not hint at additional easing, but said instead that he is ready and willing to act should the economy falter. He called weakness in the job market a "grave concern" that he will closely monitor. Plans to create a "bad bank" in Spain to handle troubled loans helped things as the market finished Monday higher.
Economic data released last Tuesday underwhelmed the market. The August ISM Index came in slightly below expectations and July construction spending fell slightly from the prior month. Morning weakness was offset by a steady climb higher as those in the know felt good news coming later in the week form Europe would offset any near term economic numbers. The market closed essentially flat on the day.
Wednesday saw muted trading action ahead of the European Central Bank announcement the following day. The only signs of life in the market Wednesday came after rumors regarding Draghi's announcement surfaced.
Thursday saw all the fireworks. The market opened sharply higher with stocks across the board seeing buying interest. It was definitely a risk on day. Mario Draghi announced that the European Central Bank planned to buy bonds of troubled sovereigns who asked for aid. Within the mandate Mr. Draghi said that there would essentially be an unlimited supply of funds to buy troubled bonds. The NASDAQ closed the day at 12 year highs and the S&P 500 closed at levels not seen since January of 2008. Financials ended the week with a sharp advance in response to the news coming from Europe.
Thursday's rally was also fueled by better than expected ADP jobs data. Friday saw a reversal in jobs related news flow as nonfarm payroll data was worse than expected. With the sharp advance on Thursday and negative jobs data the S&P 500 was still up 0.40% Friday.
Let's look at the technical condition of the market. Things continue to improve. The long term technical picture for the market is positive. 71% of the stocks in the S&P 500 are in good shape technically. By that I mean that 71% of stocks in the index are either in basing or advancing phases. 65% of small cap stocks are in good shape.
There has been a severe rotation in the market for the past several weeks. That rotation has accelerated over the past two weeks. The prior leaders are weakening and there has been a major rotation into new sectors that are providing leadership. Total return names from the utility, pharmeceutical, and food areas of the market were leaders for quite some time. These areas have now become the source of cash to buy stocks from other sectors. The first area of rotation was the energy sector. Several areas of the energy space have been quite strong for the past several weeks. The financial sector has taken a leadership position over the past few weeks. Money began to move slowly into the sector a few weeks ago in anticipation of European banks and governments getting assistance. Last week saw a stampede into U.S banks and brokers. The financial sector has reacted favorably to quantitative easing in the past and this time around it appears to be no different.
Short term resistance for the S&P/Dow/NASDAQ/Russell 2000 are as follows: 1439/13,340/3140/848. We are currently working on a potential negative divergence as some, but not all of the resistance levels given before have been exceeded. Support levels are 1428/13,245/3120/825. Based on the strength of the recent advance and the new rotation that is taking place any corrections will likely be controlled and orderly. The recent action has been for buyers to come and aggressively bid up stocks when areas of support have held.
About Thomas J Smith CFA
Primary Tel: 858.487.3939
Other Tel: 888.486.3939
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PO Box 503147 San Diego CA 92150-3147 USA
Thomas J Smith CFA Archive
|Bueller, Bueller
|What Are the Smart Guys Saying?
|The Catalysts for a Correction
|What If Prosperity Breaks Out?
|What Are You Looking At? How Are You Looking At It?
|Potential to Derail
|This Must Explain Why the Market Can't Go Higher?! Maybe Not
|Generals and Grunts
|Mixed Signals
|Different Take on China


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This past semester, I gave a senior elective called Torah Tech. The idea of this class was to function as a "beta" class for various technologies that can be used to further Torah study. The class switched off between frontal and project based learning as I interspersed lessons on Sefer Yonah, Gemara Berachot, and Amos with lessons on the using PowerPoint effectively, breaking down a Talmudic text with Gemara Berura, researching sources with Bar Ilan's web-based Responsa Project, using Smart Notebook for interactive learning activities, and creating Prezis for dynamic presentations. Students also used Poll Everywhere to answer questions in real-time with 100% class participation using their cell phones, Etherpad and Wikis to collaborate on group projects, and Google Earth and NASA to simulate the total eclipse of the sun predicted by Amos. In general, I think this class was a success with students creating very impressive learning products and giving very positive feedback.
One weakness of this class was its lack of organization since I was giving this class for the first time and designing the instructional activities throughout the semester. There were also some key technologies that I did not use. For example, I did not use Voicethread for audio based discussions or textual reading exercises or use wikis or blogs for asynchronous online discussions. Since, I am giving this class to a new group for the spring semester, I will be able to better plan my lessons and utilize these various technologies.
Here is a proposed outline for my spring semester:
Project I: How to Navigate a Page of Talmud
- This project will feature a webquest on how to navigate a page of Talmud based on Eliezer Segal's Page of Talmud hypertext map.
- Students will then create a PowerPoint presentation after receiving a mini-lesson on creating effective PowerPoint presentations.
- This PowerPoint will be uploaded to Voicethread where they will create audio narrations of their PowerPoint slides in lieu of in-class presentations.
Project II: Learning, researching, and presenting a Sugya in Berachot Perek Tefillat Hashachar
- Students will learn the first amud of Tefillat Hashachar with Gemara Berura. They will discover how to use keywords and other textual clues to divide, classify, and connect the text based on its function in the sugya. This will include frontal learning with the text from Gemara Berura projected on the Smart Board and chavrusa learning with the students reviewing the text using the program.
- Students will research topics from this page of Gemara using both Bar llan's Responsa Project and like Mordechai Torczyner's Webshas and Aaron Ross' Chaburas. They will create sourcesheets based on the topics they researched.
- Students will create presentations using either Smart Notebook or Prezi.
- Students will learn the first two chapters of the book of Amos through interactive Smart Notebook lessons. Poll Everywhere will be used for classroom feedback and participation.
- Students will then use Google Docs Forms to choose which of chapters 3-9 they would like to present on. They will research these topics using both web-based sources like the Amos Hypermedia Bible and seforim from the library.
- Students will write a two-page paper about there topic using Etherpad for collaboration which will then be submitted to TurnItIn.
- They can then create any presentation they wish either with Prezi, Smart Notebook, or using low-tech medi like art. The only medium not allowed is PowerPoint. The presentation will then be loaded on a wiki page together with their paper and other supported materials.
This is my plan for the Torah Tech class Spring Semester. I welcome your constructive feedback.


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min, sec remaining to complete purchase Why?
'The most vibrant arts centre in the country.' - The Guardian
'Britain's leading arts institution.' - The Daily Telegraph
'The most buzzy, music-filled site in the whole of London.' - The Independent
Southbank Centre passionately believes the arts have the power to transform lives. We also believe that the arts must be available to all of us – and this lies at the heart of all we do.
Southbank Centre is a world-famous arts centre on the South Bank of the Thames. Created in 1951 for the Festival of Britain, Southbank Centre draws on its heritage as a festival site, with art and activities inside and outside. We encourage everyone to become involved in the arts in new and creative ways.
We offer a wide range of cultural events. See music, dance, art, performance and spoken word events throughout the year. Take part in free activities and events and enjoy a wide range of restaurants, cafes and shops.
Every year, thousands of musicians and artists perform to millions of visitors, making this one of the most popular cultural destinations in the country. We hold different festivals throughout the year.
We are committed to working with young, emerging and established talent across the artistic community. We currently support four Resident Orchestras, 14 Artists in Residence and over 100 other artistic organisations. We manage the Arts Council Collection on behalf of Arts Council England and curate the Hayward Touring Exhibition programme in venues throughout the UK.
Southbank Centre occupies a 21-acre site in the midst of London's vibrant cultural quarter on the South Bank of the Thames. Southbank Centre includes Royal Festival Hall, Queen Elizabeth Hall, Purcell Room, the Hayward Gallery, and the Saison Poetry Library. As well as these venues, there are restaurants, cafes, bars and shops to enjoy.
'Southbank Centre's wide-ranging programme – classical, world music, rock, pop, jazz, dance, literature and the visual arts - attracts the most diverse audience of any UK venue.' - Visit London
For all ticket enquiries call: 0844 875 0073
Switchboard: +44 (0)20 7960 4200
Email: email@example.com
Southbank Centre
Belvedere Road
London SE1 8XX
Royal Festival Hall: 10am – 11pm every day except Christmas Day. Free entry.
Queen Elizabeth Hall: 1 ½ hours before event start times. Free entry.
Hayward Gallery: Open daily Mondays 12 noon - 6pm, Tuesdays – Wednesdays 10am – 6pm, late nights Thursdays and Fridays until 8pm.
Entry to all our buildings' Foyers is free, and you are welcome to come in and enjoy the atmosphere with or without a ticket.
Royal Festival Hall:
Mon-Sun: 10am – 11pm
Queen Elizabeth Hall: Open 90 minutes before events start
Hayward Gallery:
Monday: 12 noon – 6pm
Tuesday, Wednesday, Saturday and Sunday: 10am – 6pm
Thursday and Friday: 10am – 8pm
The 2013/14 Annual Review can be viewed here
Southbank Centre is a Charity Registered in England and Wales number 298909. Its trustee is Southbank Centre Limited, a company limited by guarantee registered in England and Wales number 2238415. VAT Registration Number 905 0284 52. Registered office: Southbank Centre, Belvedere Road, London, SE1 8XX, England.


text:
Aaron Wilson @RavensInsider
Bernard Pierce (right knee) and Asa Jackson (thigh) not at practice during portion open to reporters
Printable View
Aaron Wilson @RavensInsider
Bernard Pierce (right knee) and Asa Jackson (thigh) not at practice during portion open to reporters
I think Pierce could be highly effective this game.
They need to do whatever it takes to keep him in the game. A chance at the SB is so rare...you need to go all in. If that calls for a shot or something, so be it.
Hopefully missing most of the Denver game, having the extra day b/c of the Sat. game and the extra day of rest until Wed. this week helped him a lot. I think he could throw the Pats for a loop if we use him right.
You know Bill is either trying to scheme out Rice or Torrey, leaving other guys with big chances to make plays.
If anything, in the 1st half they overdid it, running the ball 10 out of 12 times on 1st down.
But at least they corrected that in the 2nd half, taking the reins if Flacco and having him pass the ball on almost every down on 2 series with both leading to TDs which gave/widened the lead and forced the Pats to be one-dimensional with Brady dinking and dunking on almost every play.
Man, what a draft. Who was the yo yo who said it was just average a few
weeks ago and on this site too.
Pierce and KO.
The line really took off when they moved him to LG and Oher to RT
and inserted Mc KInney to LT. KO blew people away in Denver taking
out 2 guys in on Rice's 32 yd run including one guy in the 2d level.
Another great game today.
KO will be better than Grubbs and an all pro.
Pierce was a 3rd round pick and one of those manufactured runs
DeCosta mentioned on draft day after guy they wanted were drafted
before them. He reminds you of McGahee with power and balance.
And Ozzie drafted at the bottom.
And don't forget Upshaw filling in for Suggs with a sack in his
first game. He has so much upside and will move over to Kruger's
spot if he bolts for more money.
Ravens won't be able to afford him now - after paying Joe $100M.
hopefully he is 100% in 2 weeks, we need him
Amazing how Ray Rice dethroned a great RB in Willis McGahee that we had invested a lot by simply outperforming him. Now we have a lot invested in Ray Rice, and Pierce is outperforming him. Hmm...what will happen now?
I love Pierce and his running style. It's one of the reasons why I like it when he's lined up in the backfield on a 3rd and 1 just like he was in a critical point in yesterday's game. He really knows how out to get outside the tackles. I think an arguement can be made that the Ravens have the best 1-2 punch right now in football.
And they will next year too and just think, he came from little Temple.
BTW, NE was said to be interested in Pierce too, so was Piss and they both liked
Gino too.


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Recycled Glass Mug Set, X fl oz, Set of 2
This pair of handblown recycled glass mugs makes a beautiful gift any time of year. The diamond-patterned texture on the base and iridescent color in the glass inspire a sense of wonder. Handmade in Mexico, the set includes one Red and one Frosted 12-fl oz mug. Handwash only. Do not microwave. For use with cold beverages only.
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The glass mugs are made in Mexico and quite attractive. In lieu of the pair being "handblown", no two are alike. They are made of thick glass--I served cranberry mojitos (fresh mint is muddled with lime juice) in them because they have a durable feel. Hand wash only.
beautiful glasses had not found in stores was a lucky find
The size is easy to hold in your hand. The colors are festive and dressy for the holidays and even Valentines.
the description is for glass mug set. To me mug mean coffee mug. They are just glasses.
For the clearance price, these are really beautiful glasses -- we used them last night for wine, and they feel really nice in the hand (and the raised areas give a nice sturdy grip). These are NOT mugs, like a previous reviewer said, but really nice "rocks"-size glasses. Love them!!!
you can't tell my the picture but these have no handles so they are weird described as mugs. They are pretty and very holiday which is what I wanted so they would match some plates I already have. Seem sturdy but have not poured hot coffee or boiling hot water into them yet - we shall see.....If they don't work out as mugs, they would be nice as candle holders I guess.
When I received my glasses and I am so glad I had ordered 3 sets of two glasses. One the color of red and the other frosted in each set. They are beautiful and handblown mugs made of recycled glass. I love the pattern which is a diamond pattern on the glass. The glass has a nice grip and easy to handle. I hope they make other colors next holiday season, such as blue, green even purple would be nice. I would definitely buy again.
The pair of glasses is a perfect addition to my home, the red is an amazing color and the white/grey was as expected (cloudy). They clean easily and fit in the hand well. Overall I'm happy with the purchase and look to use these for years to come... being recycled makes me feel good, too.
Pros: size, grip in the hand, red color
Cons: grey/white color
These are great, I have a set of 8 for entertaining. I have to laugh at some of the reviews when people complain about the glasses being too hot. The description clearly states that they are for cold beverages only. Common sense would say that they are not for hot beverages anyway. I had considered using them as votive holders.
I love that they are not all perfectly the same size or width, hence the description hand blown.
the description said "MUG" so i assumed they would have a handle. Not worth the purchase...
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The Other, Other Ribs: Spiced Lamb Ribs With Mustard Sauce
In the rib hall of fame, pork and beef are obvious winners. But lamb ribs need to be inducted right away: they're rich, meaty, juicy, and packed with flavor. This easy recipe features spiced, roasted ribs with a robust whole grain mustard sauce. More


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Just to cast the spotlight more broadly, as I did yesterday, here are some of the events happening elsewhere in the Muslim world.
• Over twenty thousand protesters marched in the streets in Sanaa, Yemen, in the "Day of Rage" protests against the government. The President, Ali Abdullah Saleh, has already announced he would step down in 2013, in response to protests. But the street activists have rejected that as insufficient.
"The people want regime change," protesters shouted as they gathered outside Sanaa University. "No to corruption, no to dictatorship." […]
Wael Mansour, an organizer of the Thursday rally, said Yemenis were not satisfied with Saleh's concessions.
"Today will bring more, fresh pressure on President Saleh, who will have to present further concessions to the opposition," he said, without specifying what those concessions might be.
It should be noted that pro-government forces held protests today as well, and unlike in Egypt, those went off peacefully. Saleh announced additional reforms, including "a fund to employ university graduates and to extend social security coverage, increased wages and reduced income taxes." The protesters said that he had not kept any promises over the past 30 years. Saleh also has to deal with a secession movement in the south, as well as the presence of Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula.
• Jordan's new prime minister opened talks with the opposition, including the Muslim Brotherhood, a day after he was installed by King Abdullah II. The opposition said it would not rally after Friday prayers.
• The New York Times has a recap of protests in Sudan, which were put down in particularly brutal fashion. Mostly organized by the young over social media, the protests have not yet captured the imagination of the general population. However, street protests of this type brought down the government in Khartoum in 1964 and 1985. However, with a military government in place and no sign of tension there, repression is probably a more likely outcome.
All of these uprisings have a similar source – specific economic grievances by the population. The global recession has exacerbated the sentiment among the poor, as has the recent spike in world food prices. These governments have, in general, not provided for the broad mass of their people, and these grievances are coming to a head, feeding off successful actions elsewhere in the region. It doesn't mean that all of them, or any of them, will be successful; it means that they basically spring from a common source.
UPDATE: The Algerian government will lift a 19-year state of emergency, perhaps in response to protests against state-sponsored repression.


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Below is the poem entitled And the teacher goes out which was written by poet
suman. Please feel free to comment on this poem. However, please remember, PoetrySoup is a place of encouragement and growth.
Read Poems by
Saket Suman
He sits alone; they think he is dull,
In the last desk of the class; he paints
a world of his own-a teacher enters!
His eyes brighten once again, a sheer
hope of determination brings back the
glee as the pupils change their color
from the former noisy bees to submissive
sloths. Once again he hopes the teacher
will look at him, will advise or appreciate
like he glorifies the star pupils.
The teacher stands, there is a bewildering
silence, he turns the pages as he moves
forward, waves of joy arise in the heart
of the urchin for he has waited all these
days to be loved, to be cared and granted
like the other pupils. A question is posed
and the clever ones shout in a hundred
thunders, amidst which his answer is lost
just like the ripples which arise and vanish
quickly. The bell rings and without a single
glimpse into the eyes of the urchin, the
teacher goes out! !
Saket Suman


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A collection of small things which I wish were available when I started using Mac OSX for software development. (See my previous post The weird state of laptop industry for the why people who cannot withstand MS Windows are pretty much out of choice for a good quality GNU/Linux laptop). Mac is based on Open BSD which is similar to GNU/Linux but there are quite a few major differences from GNU/Linux. (Disclosure: My exposure to BSD is limited therefore, I won't even try to draw that comparison here). Following are some things that I learnt and have been useful.
Softwares Packages
Software Installation is weird on Mac (compared to GNU/Linux) Most softwares come in form of .dmg file (think .msi for windows). Open the dmg and then drag the file to Applications directory. To uninstall, one can just delete the directory. All such softwares packages are stored in /Applications directory.
- Finder (installed by default) – Mac equivalent of Gnome Nautilus or Windows Explorer (Gotcha: Cmd + O – opens the file while "enter" edits the filename)
- iTerm2 – Terminal app
- XQuartz – for running X11 based softwares (think Wireshark)
- Quick silver – install the app, use Cmd + space to trigger it and type anything from filename to application name
- Zipeg – Archive viewer
- Xcode – Development Tools (IMHO, its impossible to live without this a lot of other packages mentioned further require this).
- VMWare fusion – for running GNU/Linux virtual machines, its not free, I think other alternatives like VirtualBox are good as well. Some people combine this with Vagrant.
- MacVim – For those who just want to use Vim without the terminal (personally, I prefer vim instead).
- MplayerX – for watching offline videos
Mac does not come with CLI based package management tool (like apt-get or yum) or at least I have not found any. The solution to that is homebrew (I have tried macports and I hated it, homebrew is more polished). Eg. to install wget (its not installed by default), one can use brew install wget To look around for brew formulas related to GNU coreutils use brew search coreutils While brew is primarily meant for installing command line GNU/Linux style tools, brew cask allows one to install .dmg packages from command line as well. Eg.
$ brew cask install google-chrome
I started using brew cask only recently and my setup can be seen here. For python based packages use easy_install or pip (IMHO, debate of easy_install vs pip is similar to debate of apt-get vs aptitude). For ruby based packages use gem install – default version of ruby is old, upgrade using brew, some people prefer rvm, which I think is overkill unless the laptop is used for ruby based software development.For node.js based packages install npm (brew install npm) Disclosure: I have not done any rigorous C/C++ development on Mac, so, I am not really certain if its an area which requires a fix or not.
- Bash shipped with Mac is old, upgrade to latest.
1$ brew install bash
- pbcopy, pbpaste – interacts with pasteboard (clipboard)
12$ echo "copy this to clipboard" | pbcopy$ pbpaste # Pastes the content of clipboard
- open is the standard command for opening any file (it chooses relevant application).
- defaults is a useful OS X specific command which is used for modifying settings of various apps via command line, use
1$ defaults read
to see list of all such settings.
- Default autocomplete settings for commands in Mac is crappy (my collection of fixes can be seen here)
- A lot of other settings in Mac by default are not developer friendly, my .osx file is here, its based on the legendry .osx files from Mathias. (dotfiles is a topic in itself for some other day, in the meanwhile feel free to read my dotfiles and also checkout http://dotfiles.github.io/)
Minor Things
- Filenames are case-insensitive – by default, Mac OS Extended (Journaled) file system is case insensitive.
- Right mouse click – Cmd + click
- Closing a window does not closes the application, Cmd + Q does.
- Default key repeat speed is annoyingly slow for programming, fix that using (taken from source)
1$ defaults write NSGlobalDomain KeyRepeat -int 0
- Try out two finger, three finger and four swipes on the trackpad, its pretty amazing.
- All credentials (like wifi passwords, certificates etc.) are stored in Keychain app
1$ open -a "Keychain Access"
- To list all applications installed on the system use (source)
1$ system_profiler SPApplicationsDataType -xml
(system_profiler in general, is a pretty useful command as well).
Some more reads
- https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7051091
- http://www.infoworld.com/d/applications/top-20-os-x-command-line-secrets-power-users-202466?page=0,0


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General Motors/Wayne State University
School of Business
Supply Chain Case Competition
Hello and welcome to the General Motors/Wayne State University School of Business Supply Chain Case Competition!
This event matches some of the best and brightest supply chain students from more than 20 universities around the country and Canada. They'll compete against each other and showcase their talents to some of the auto industry's top firms.
Details are below. Have fun and good luck!
Photos from this year's competition
2014 Final Presentation Videos
The Vital Components
October 2-5, 2014 (Teams return home on Sunday, October 5)
Detroit, Michigan
Lodging/Competition Venue:
Marriott Downtown Detroit Hotel at the Renaissance Center (Map)
400 Renaissance Drive
Detroit, MI 48243
WSU Contact:
John Taylor, 517-719-0275
About the Competition
The student competitors will be presented with the challenge of procuring advanced technology components while considering global business issues at play, like logistics costs, sustainability and more.
Students will experience the City of Detroit, the auto industry and its high-tech vehicles, and the supply chain systems that support the industry.
They'll also have a chance to showcase their skills in front of leading auto companies and build their professional networks.
This year's case
Student teams will be responsible to issue and analyze a Request for Quote (RFQ) on consoles containing a new wireless charging module component, know at GM as a "Dockspot." Domestic and Foreign suppliers will be considered to make deliveries to multiple automotive assembly plants. This technology will be standard on the 2015 Cadillac ATS Coupe and optional on the 2015 Chevrolet Sonic. The teams will then present their recommendations to a panel of judges during the competition portion of the program.
This year's case was developed by title sponsor General Motors together with Ryder and WSU supply chain faculty.
See some of what Detroit has to offer for both business and pleasure.
Wayne State University's Global Supply Chain Management major
Detroit Regional Chamber's TranslinkeD initiative


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Lush, full chorus just for bass!
Almost all chorus pedals are made for guitar and their effect is very weak on the low frequencies produced by the bass. This pedal is made for bass, with the full, intact chorus effect going all the way to low B on a 5-string. It has true stereo operation; 2 switchable, independent chorus channels with indicator LEDs; an integrated, regulated 12V power supply; plus On and Select footswitches.


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Memorial to take on Jasper look-alike Corydon Central for 3A regional title | POLL
Picture Jasper High School's football team on a slightly smaller scale and that's primarily what you get in Corydon Central.
Boonville graduate Darin Ward, who has guided Corydon Central to its first regional berth in history, was formerly a defensive coordinator at Jasper, a Class 4A school.
He will lead No. 8 Corydon Central (10-2) against Memorial (7-5) at 7 tonight in a 3A regional game at Enlow Field.
"They remind me of Jasper," said Tigers coach John Hurley. "They play like a Jasper or Heritage Hills. They are solid and sound defensively and don't make many mistakes. And they're got a lot of seniors — 10 seniors on defense."
Offensively, the Panthers are led by identical twins Lucas and Jeremiah Windell, both senior running backs. Lucas is averaging 8.8 yards per carry in gaining 1,338 yards, including 11 touchdowns. Jeremiah is averaging 10.0 yards in gaining 1,078 yards, including 14 scores. Corydon Central also has a potent passing attack. Junior quarterback Chase Burton is 74-for-145 passing for 1,355 yards and 16 touchdowns with two interceptions.
"Their strength is their offensive line, plus they have good size (overall)," Hurley said.
Corydon Central edged Heritage Hills 13-12 last Friday in Bob Clayton's final game as head coach. Hurley is hoping Memorial's superior schedule and offensive diversification will pay dividends.
"It helps us playing bigger schools," Hurley said. "It prepares kids to go to the tournament. About every scenario, we've seen. We've seen big, fast and athletic teams."
Senior running back Sam Curtis leads Memorial's ground attack with 1,287 yards on 208 carries, averaging 6.2 yards per rush, and has scored 17 touchdowns. Freshman McKinley Warren is averaging 5.0 yards in gaining 755 yards, including 14 touchdowns. Quarterback Dane Hurley has thrown nine touchdown passes in the last two games.
There's no doubt Memorial can score — the Tigers are averaging 31.3 points. The problem is their defense is allowing 30.3 points.
nClass 4A regional: Central's spirits are riding high as the Bears have advanced to the regional for the first time since 1988. The Bears (7-5) will play at No. 3 Columbus East (11-1) at 7 tonight in a 4A regional.
"We're taking five fan buses full of students," said Central coach Andy Owen.
Like the EVSC field's, Columbus East's home field has an artificial turf surface.
"It's good for our athletes when they get out in space," said Central quarterback Jacob Hester.
Like Hester, Columbus East quarterback Gunner Kiel is getting several Division I looks. He backed off his original commitment to Indiana University and is being recruited by Michigan, Notre Dame and Alabama.
Subscribe to the Courier & Press or The Gleaner
Need Help? Call us at 1-877-304-7771.
Monday-Friday: 6am-5pm / Saturday: 6am-11am / Sunday: 7am-Noon


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What a difference a day makes.
LightSquared on Wednesday sharply criticized the Federal Communications Commission's proposal to block the company's planned wireless network on the grounds that it would interfere with global positioning systems.
"In this case, the government decided to choose winners and losers. Politicians, rather than engineers and scientists, dictated the solution to the problem from Washington," LightSquared CEO Sanjiv Ahuja said in a statement. "To leave this problem unresolved is the height of bureaucratic irresponsibility and undermines the very principles that once made America the best place in the world to do business."
Just one day before, LightSquared had pointed to the FCC as the "proper authority" to resolve concerns over interference with GPS and expressed confidence that the agency would side with it against GPS manufacturers.
Another federal agency had said Tuesday that nothing could be reasonably done to fix the problem. An hour later the FCC announced its intention to revoke LightSquared's waiver and authority to build parts of its network.
Ahuja seemed especially annoyed by the FCC's decision to "pull the rug from under private enterprise" after the agency mandated in 2010 that LightSquared build its network to eventually cover 260 million Americans.
"At the government's mandate, LightSquared began investing billions of dollars in America's infrastructure – without asking for any money from the American taxpayer," Ahuja said. "Yesterday, after LightSquared had already spent nearly $4 billion, the FCC changed its mind. There can be no more devastating blow to private industry and confidence in the consistency of the FCC's decision-making process."
The FCC said on Tuesday that LightSquared's network offered the "potential to unleash new spectrum for mobile broadband and enhance competition" but that it could not be allowed to proceed at the expense of GPS.


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Ecotoxicity involves the identification of chemical hazards to the environment, and is defined by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as "the study of toxic effects on nonhuman organisms, populations, or communities." Chemical and pesticide manufacturers submit ecotoxicity studies to regulatory authorities to support the registration and/or approval of their products. Testing on animals or plants to determine whether environmental samples such as soil, sediment, or effluents contain toxic compounds is also called ecotoxicity testing.
Although ecotoxicity, in general, refers to hazards to both aquatic and terrestrial animals and plants, this brief review will cover only methods for predicting hazards to the aquatic environment.
Three specific properties of a chemical are used to describe its potential hazard to the aquatic environment (UNECE, 2004):
An ecological risk assessment "seeks to estimate the effects of environmental contamination on the growth, reproduction, and survival of a variety of ecological receptors (e.g., birds, mammals, fish, plants) that may be exposed to chemicals in contaminated environmental media, now or in the future."
Most regulatory authorities require acute toxicity testing using a similar minimal base set of organisms: 1) fish, 2) an aquatic invertebrate, and 3) an algal species. The Globally Harmonized System for Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) describes testing for hazards to the aquatic environment in Part 3, Chapter 3.10. The GHS criteria for determining environmental hazards does not specify test methods but rather indicates the need to use methods considered to be valid such as the ecotoxicity test guidelines of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Further GHS guidance is provided in Annex 8, Guidance on Hazards to the Aquatic Environment, which describes the harmonized classification scheme, aquatic toxicity testing, degradation, bioaccumulation, and the use of (quantitative) structure-activity relationships [(Q)SARs] in aquatic toxicology. The purpose of obtaining aquatic toxicity data for chemicals is to use it in the hazard classification of the chemicals.
The assessment of aquatic toxicity for the classification of chemicals and environmental risk assessments is typically based on toxicity test data for fish, crustacea (daphnids), and algae/aquatic plants (UNECE, 2004). Toxicity data from freshwater and marine species are considered equivalent, although this is not true for all substances. The data showing the highest toxicity (the lowest acute toxicity values) is to be used in classifying a substance.
The OECD provides a number of Test Guidelines (TGs) for aquatic and terrestrial toxicity testing. The aquatic toxicity TGs involve the testing of chemicals on fish and other aquatic organisms; OECD also provides a number of guidance documents on ecotoxicity test methods.
Fish are used to test for both acute and chronic toxic effects. The Fish Acute Toxicity Test, a 96-hour LC50 test, is the standard acute toxicity test (OECD Test Guideline (TG) 203). LC50 (lethal concentration 50%) refers to the concentration of test substance that is lethal to 50% of the fish. Chronic fish tests may start with eggs, embryos, or juveniles, and last from 7 to more than 200 days (OECD TG 210; US EPA OPPTS 850.1500; other equivalent assay). Test endpoints include "hatching success, growth, spawning success, and survival" (UNECE, 2004).
Acute and chronic tests are also conducted using crustacea: daphnids, mysids, or others. A 96-hour test with lethality as the endpoint is used for acute toxicity (OECD TG 202, part 1; US EPA OPPTS 850.1035; other equivalent assay). Longer term testing through maturation and production is used to assess chronic toxic effects (OECD TG 202, part 2; US EPA OPPTS 850.1350; other equivalent assay). The chronic testing endpoints include "time to first brood, number of offspring produced per female, growth, and survival" (UNECE, 2004).
Although the following are not animal tests, they are included here to illustrate the complete set of tests required by many regulatory authorities. The algal growth inhibition test (OECD TG 201) is typically used to determine an acute EC50 for algae. Several Lemna species of aquatic vascular plants can also be used to obtain an acute EC50 (US EPA OPPTS 850.4400). The EC50 (Effective Concentration 50%) is the concentration causing an adverse effect in 50% of the test organisms.
Bioconcentration factor (BCF) studies in fish are conducted using the OECD TG 305. Experimentally-derived BCF values are preferred for classification purposes (UNECE, 2004).
The OECD recently adopted the Fish Embryo Acute Toxicity (FET) Test (TG 236) (2013) as an alternative test method that would provide a reduction in the number of fish used in testing. In the European Union, the FET is considered a non-animal test (fish become animals when they become free-feeding larvae); US legislation does not weigh in on this issue. In the FET test, newly fertilized zebrafish eggs are exposed to a chemical for up to 96 hours, and four indicators of lethality to the embryos are evaluated every 24 hours. EURL ECVAM coordinated the validation study of FET for the OECD, and commented that: "TG236 does not indicate whether the fish embryo acute toxicity test can be used as an alternative to the OECD TG203; however, several recently published papers demonstrate that the LC50 values produced with the fish embryo acute toxicity test correlate well with those observed in juvenile or adult fish."
Due to the large number of fish tests with protocols that overlap in terms of exposure scenarios, fish species and life-stage, in 2012 the OECD published the Fish Toxicity Testing Framework that describes each OECD test guideline and the conditions under which it may be useful.
The ECVAM Scientific Advisory Committee (ESAC) reviewed and recommended the Upper Threshold Concentration (UTC) Step Down Approach for implementation in 2006 "as a valid strategy to significantly reduce the number of fish used in the assessment of acute aquatic toxicity for hazard classification." The UTC is a tiered testing strategy with the potential for reducing the number of fish used by at least 65%. The UTC is based on pharmaceutical industry studies showing that algae and daphnid acute EC50 tests were more sensitive than fish LC50 tests about 80% of the time (Hutchinson et al., 2003). The OECD Guidance Document, GD 126 (2010), describes the UTC method.
Legislation in the US spurred the EPA to create a program to evaluate the testing of pesticides and some other chemicals, primarily those likely to be found in drinking water, to determine their effect on the endocrine system of humans and animals (discussions are ongoing regarding proposed legislation in the EU and Japan regarding endocrine active substances). The US EPA established the Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP) consisting of two batteries or "tiers" of tests – the first tier is intended as a screen for activity, the second as a collection of tests that measure adverse effects on a variety of species. Tier 1 contains eleven in vitro and in vivo tests, two of which have relevance to ecotoxicity; the Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay (AMA) and the short-term fish reproduction assay. There are EPA and OECD adopted TGs for both of these assays. In addition, OECD has published a series of guidance and review documents covering endocrine assessment. EPA is currently in the process of validating multi-generation tests for fish, birds and amphibians.
The endpoint specific guidance on aquatic toxicity for the implementation of the EU REACH legislation (2012) provides a useful overview of aquatic toxicity testing and some approaches for reducing animal use.
Most regulatory authorities still require the submission of in vivo fish lethality test data. OECD deleted the analogous lethality (LD50) assays for assessing mammalian toxicity in 2002. In addition to the significant ethical concerns over this type of toxicity testing, most scientists also question the technical and scientific merit of fish lethality assays for determining the environmental impact and fate of chemicals, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals released into the aquatic environment (Castaño, et al., 2003). The time and costs of conducting animal experiments for estimating ecotoxicity effects for the many existing and new chemicals are prohibitive. To protect the environment and its inhabitants, faster and cheaper alternative methods are needed. In the near term, reduction strategies using tiered testing schemes and/or tests using fish embryos provide the greatest opportunity for reducing the numbers of fish used for ecotoxicity testing.
Cell-based assays, toxicogenomic microarrays, and (Q)SAR models are being used to predict toxic effects to aquatic organisms. Cronin, et al. (2003), and Comber, et al. (2003) summarized the regulatory uses of (Q)SARs to predict chemicals' ecological effects. The US EPA has significant experience in using (Q)SAR and structure activity relationship (SAR) models. Cronin, et al. (2003), report that the EPA's Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics (OPPT) has been using (Q)SARs for more than two decades for predicting effects such as ecological hazard and fate and assessing new chemical risk and testing needs. The GHS describes how QSARs can be used to predict the acute toxicity for fish, daphnia, and algae for certain classes of chemicals (UNECE, 2004, p. 356 and Chapter A8.6), and to predict bioconcentration (p. 376). Greater testing demands in the EU, due to the cosmetic directive and the REACH initiative, have also stimulated efforts there for the validation and greater use of (Q)SAR prediction models to meet regulatory testing needs.
Current in vitro methods for acute aquatic toxicity are neither standardized nor validated. New strategies for addressing the major limitations of cell-based assays have been proposed; see Emerging Science and Policy.
Current in vitro/in silico approaches to replacing animals in aquatic toxicity testing include:
The Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM) has not reviewed any alternatives to the fish or crustacean tests for acute aquatic toxicity testing. ICCVAM has participated since 2002 in international activities to validate several cell-based endocrine disruptor assays. Endocrine disruptor test methods are covered in another section of AltTox: Toxicity Endpoints & Tests: Endocrine Disruptors.
An ECVAM ESAC Statement made the point "that the UTC [Upper Threshold Concentration Step Down] approach should be implemented as a valid strategy to significantly reduce the number of fish used in the assessment of acute aquatic toxicity for hazard classification." However, like ICCVAM, ECVAM has not validated any non-animal methods for ecotoxicity testing.
The Fish Embryo Acute Toxicity (FET) Test (OECD TG 236) that uses fertilized zebrafish eggs is a test method that could reduce the number of fish used in testing. However, as previously mentioned, "TG236 does not indicate whether the fish embryo acute toxicity test can be used as an alternative to the OECD TG203."
In the near term, reduction strategies using tiered testing schemes and/or tests using fish embryos provide the greatest opportunity for reducing the numbers of fish used for ecotoxicity testing.
More information on in vitro methods being developed for ecotoxicity testing can be found at: