text:
A disc drive unit includes an actuator assembly with a suspension assembly supporting a head and a ramp positioned to guide the head toward or away from a data storage surface. The head facilitates data transmission with respect to the data storage surface. The actuator assembly positions the head at selected locations along the data storage surface. In particular, the ramp surface has a carbon nitride or metal nitride material. A method is provided for applying a carbon nitride coating onto an organic polymer material. The method includes directing a nitrogen plasma at the surface of the organic polymer material.
1. A disc drive data storage unit comprising:
an actuator assembly comprising a suspension assembly supporting a head that facilitates data transmission, wherein the actuator assembly positions the head at selected locations; and
a stationary ramp positioned to guide the head toward or away from a data storage disc, the ramp comprising a polymer, a ramp surface which coats the polymer comprising a composition, the composition comprising carbon nitride or metal nitride, the ramp spaced apart from the data storage disc proximate an outer radius of the disc.
2. The data storage unit of
3. The data storage unit of
4. The data storage unit of
5. The data storage unit of
6. The data storage unit of
7. The data storage unit of
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This application claims the benefit of provisional application serial No. 60/121,122 to Liu filed Feb. 22, 1999, entitled "Intensified Plasma Nitriding Process For The Improvemet Of Ramp SURFACE'S PROPERTIES."
The present invention relates generally to structures, such as ramps, used to transfer a read/write head toward and away from a disc surface. More particularly, the invention relates to surface treatments of ramps used for loading and unloading heads in a data storage system, to reduce or eliminate erosion of the ramp surface.
Disc drives are used for storing information typically as magnetically encoded data, and more recently as optically encoded data, on a disc surface. The disc spins at high rotational velocities such that the head or slider flies above the disc surface on a cushion of air. The head generally includes a transducer or focusing device for reading or writing the data or for transmitting focused light between the disc and a transducer. A suspension arm is used for radially accessing different data tracks on the rotating discs.
Generally, all hard drive discs are tested before shipment. During a glide test, the glide head or slider files over a disc surface generally at a predetermined clearance from the disc surface, known as the glide height or fly height. If contact occurs between the glide head and a disc defect or asperity, forces on the glide head create responses that can be measured with transducers mounted on or near the head. A suspension arm is used to move the glide head to test different positions on the spinning disc.
The disc stops spinning when the disc drive is turned off. When the disc is no longer spinning, the head no Longer rides on a cushion of air. Contact between the disc surface and the head can result in data loss and in damage to the head arid disc. To reduce these risks, the head can be moved to a specially prepared portion of the disc surface where the surface is treated, for example, with a special texture, to reduce damage when contacted with the head. Generally, this portion of the disc is not used for data storage. However, this reduces the storage capacity of the disc.
In some disc drives, the head is moved away from the disc when the disc is no longer spinning. These operations of moving the head away from and back to the disc surface are referred to as unloading and loading the head, respectively. Dynamic loading and unloading is used to move a head onto or off of a disc surface using a ramp. Thus, the head can be safely positioned away from the disc when the disc stops spinning. In particular, the bead is removed from the vicinity of the disc surface when the disc is spun down and return when the disc resumes spinning.
Dynamic loading/unloading provides for an improved ability of the data storage system to withstand non-operating shock, a capability to achieve storage capacity improvements, improved surface stiction, improved durability, reduced start current requirements, and enhanced power saving modes operation. An improved ability to withstand shock results from having sliders/heads that are not parked on the surface of the disc such that slider impact on the disc surface is avoided. Since texturing of the disc surface is avoided by not resting the slider on a portion of a stopped disc, smoother disc and correspondingly reduced fly heights are possible. Power saving enhancements result from an ability to power down actuator electronics while the disc pack continued to spin.
Dynamic loading/unloading involves the guidance of the head away from the disc surface by gliding the actuator arm along a ramp. Generally, the arm supporting the head comes to rest on the ramp with the slider safely away from the disc surface. However, contact between the arm and the ramp can result in wear of the ramp. Ramps have been formed from polymer materials due to manufacturing considerations and cost. The suspension assembly for the head generally includes a stainless steel dimple or the like for contacting the ramp. The contact geometry between the suspension assembly and the flat ramp produces a relatively small contact area with a correspondingly large contact stress.
Repeated sliding of the suspension assembly over the ramp surface during load/unload operations can cause a wear track and a commensurate removal of polymer material from the ramp surface. As a result, debris is generated, which may deposit at the head/disc interface. In particular, debris can accumulate on the head or disc surface to prevent proper flight, leading to abrasive wear on the head and disc surfaces. It is well known that particles can cause severe wear and even crashing of the head onto the disc surface.
The present invention provides a reduction to the debris problem and offers other advantages over the prior art.
The present invention relates to a disc drive unit with a coated load/unload ramp that resists abrasion, which greatly reduces the above-mentioned debris problem.
In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, a disc drive unit includes an actuator assembly with a suspension assembly supporting a head and a ramp positioned to guide the head toward or away from a data storage surface. The head facilitates data transmission with respect to the data storage surface. The actuator assembly positions the head at selected locations along the data storage surface. The ramp surface preferably has a compound that includes carbon nitride or metal nitride, which may be in the form of a coating.
In accordance with another embodiment, the invention pertains to a method for applying a carbon nitride onto an organic polymer material. The method includes directing a nitrogen plasma at the surface of the organic polymer material, where the organic polymer material serves as a carbon source.
These and various other features and advantages which characterize the present invention will be apparent upon reading of the following detailed description and review of the associated drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic, top view of a disc drive system.
FIG. 2 is a top view of a disc drive data storage system that uses a stationary ramp for dynamic loading and unloading of an actuator assembly carrying a slider.
FIG. 3 is a top view of an alternative embodiment of a disc drive data storage with a pivoting ramp for dynamic loading and unloading of an actuator assembly carrying a slider.
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary, sectional view of a substrate with a carbon nitride or metal nitride coating.
FIG. 5 is a schematic, perspective view of a plasma deposition apparatus for the deposition of carbon nitride on an organic polymer substrate using a nitrogen plasma.
Disc drive systems that load a head onto and unload a head off from a data storage disc can incorporate a ramp with a polymer substrate and a surface having a composition with a carbon nitride or a metal nitride. The carbon nitride or metal nitride can form a coating on the polymer substrate. The carbon nitride or metal nitride is a hard material that makes the ramp abrasion resistant. By reducing abrasion of the ramp during loading and unloading operations, debris from abrasion of the ramp is reduced or eliminated.
Disc drive data storage systems can be based on, for example, magnetic, optical or magneto-optical data storage. Appropriate disc drive data storage systems can be involved in the reading and/or writing of data with respect to the disc. The data storage system can involve one or more discs, and the disc can have any shape and size, although the discs generally are round. Preferred embodiments include hard disc drives with a plurality of discs 110. In alternative embodiments, the discs within the drive unit are interchangeable.
To read and or write data with respect to the disc, a head is positioned adjacent the appropriate part of the disc to perform the operation. The head is used to transmit the data onto and/or off from the disc. To accomplish this function, the head can include a transducer such that the data is converted between an electrical signal and a storage form, such as a magnetic or optical feature associated with the disc. Alternatively, the head can include a transmitter, such as a lens or the like, that is used to transmit the local information at the disc surface to a remote transducer that forms a corresponding electrical signal.
To access desired portions of the disc, the head is mounted on a movable arm connected to an actuator. The disc generally is spun at high velocity such that the head can access any point along a circumference of the disc at a single position of the arm. Generally, the arm can be moved roughly radially along the disc surface to access data tracks along radii of the disc.
When the disc is spinning at high speeds, the head flies above the disc surface on a cushion of air. As data storage densities have been increased, fly heights, i.e., the distance from the head to the spinning disc surface have been reduced. Due to the small separations between the head and the disc, the disc drives are very sensitive to any debris becoming associated with the disc surface or the head. Any debris can lead to abrasion of the disc and/or the head, and possibly ultimately to failure of the disc drive.
When the disc drive is shut down, the disc stops spinning. When the disc is not spinning, the head would no longer ride on a cushion of air, and the head would come into contact with the disc surface. To avoid possible abrasion of the disc surface, the transducer head can be removed from the disc surface prior to or during the spinning down of the disc. This process of removing the head from the disc surface can be referred to as dynamic unloading. The process of returning the head to the vicinity of the disc, generally when the disc is spinning, is referred to as dynamic loading.
A structure is needed to guide the head away from the disc surface and back to the disc surface. This structure is called a ramp and generally involves and incline such that the head is raised relative to the disc surface. The ramp generally contacts a specific portion of the movable arm.
To reduce abrasion of the ramp surface due to contact with the arm, the ramp surface is associated with a carbon nitride. Ramps generally have been formed from polymer materials. The carbon nitride can be deposited directly onto the polymer surface. The properties of the resulting carbon nitride coating generally depends on the deposition approach. In preferred embodiments, the carbon nitride is directly bonded to the polymer surface. Similarly, a metal nitride can be sputter deposited onto a polymer substrate.
The carbon nitride or metal nitride deposition generally involves vapor phase deposition under vacuum. A preferred approach to the deposition of the carbon nitride coating involves a plasma nitriding system. The plasma deposition generates reactive nitrogen containing species that react with the polymer surface. The carbon nitride is formed from the reactive nitrogen species and the organic polymer species. The resulting carbon nitride is covalently bonded to the underlying polymer substrate. Due to the covalent bonding, the carbon nitride layer is highly resistant to delamination from the polymer surface.
The carbon nitride and metal nitride materials are very hard and, therefore, abrasion resistant. Due to the abrasion resistance of the carbon nitride and metal nitride materials, debris resulting from abraded ramp material is reduced or eliminated. The reduction of debris from the ramp corresponding reduces disc and/or head wear and the risk of disc failure due to a head crash. Furthermore, the ramp becomes more durable, and the loading and unloading operation becomes more consistent with the passage of time.
Referring now to FIG. 1, a disc drive system 100 is shown. A disc drive system, like the one shown in FIG. 1, generally includes drive unit 102, actuator assembly 104, controller 106 and ramp 108. Drive unit 102 includes disc or a plurality of discs 110 and spindle 112 connected to a spindle motor. In the embodiment shown, actuator assembly 104 includes actuator 114, support arm 116, load beam or suspension assembly 118 and head 120. Actuator 114 controls the position of head 120 over disc 110 by rotating or laterally moving support arm 116. Suspension assembly 118 is extends from support arm 116 and head 120 is located at or near the end of suspension assembly 118. Controller 106 instructs actuator 114 regarding the position of support arm 116 over disc 110 and drive unit 102 regarding the control of the spindle motor. Ramp 108 generally includes a sloped portion 122 and a flat portion 124.
Head 120 includes a slider/head which, in operation, flies just above the disc surface. The slider includes an air bearing surface that is contoured to achieve the desired aerodynamic performance of the head when the head is flying over the rotating disc surface. The head generally includes transmitters, transducers, or lenses, used to read/write data from/to the disc.
Ramp 108 is used for the loading and unloading of the head relative to a position adjacent the disc surface. To this end, ramp 108 generally includes sloped portion 122 that functions to change the height of the head relative to the plane of the disc surface. Ramp 108 generally contacts a portion of suspension assembly 118 or head 120 during the load and unload operations. Suspension assembly 118 or head 120 generally include a contact area 126 for contacting the ramp surface. The characteristics of contact area 126 depend on the particular design features of ramp 108 and actuator assembly 104. This contact between ramp 108 and contact area 126 can lead to friction on the surface of ramp 108.
Ramp 108 can have one of a variety of designs to function adequately in the load and unload operations. The specific design of ramp 108 will depend on the design of the corresponding structure on the actuator assembly 104 since ramp 108 should contact a selected portion of suspension assembly 118 or head 120 to reduce the risk of causing damage. Two specific designs for ramp 108 are discussed in detail below.
Referring to FIG. 2, one embodiment of a data storage system having a stationary ramp for loading and unloading a slider carrying an actuator. Data storage system 150 includes a data storage disc 152, actuator assembly 154 and stationary ramp 156. Data storage disc 152 has an edge 158. Actuator 154 includes pivot 160, base portion 162, load beam 164, slider carrying gimble/head assembly 166 and unloading tab or contact area 168. Unloading tab 168 is attached to gimble/head assembly 166 and extends away from load beam 164. as shown in FIG. 2.
Stationary ramp 156 includes a sloped region 180 that forms an angle with respect to a plane parallel to disc 152, i.e., a plane parallel to the plane of the page of the figure, such that the height of the sloped region 180 increased toward edge 158 of disc 152. Stationary ramp 156 also has a level region 182 adjacent to sloped region 180 for supporting actuator assembly 154 in its fully unloaded position. Stationary ramp 156 further includes a support base 184.
Actuator 154 is "unloaded" by rotating the actuator horizontally about pivot 160 toward edge 158 of disc 152 until unloading tab 168 comes into contact with sloped region 180 of ramp 156. Continued horizontal rotation of actuator 154 toward edge 158 moves tab 168 up sloped region 180 to a fully unloaded position on level region 182 of ramp 156. From a resting position on level region 182 of ramp 156, actuator 154 is "loaded" by rotating actuator 154 about pivot 160 toward disc 152 until tab 168 is clear of ramp 156.
Referring to FIG. 3, an alternative embodiment of a disc drive data storage system is shown having a pivoting ramp for the dynamic loading and unloading of the actuator assembly. Data storage system 200 includes disc 202, actuator assembly 204 and ramp assembly 206. Disc 202 has an outer edge 208. Actuator 204 includes pivot 210, base plate 212, load beam 214, slider carrying gimble/head assembly 216 and unloading button or contact area 218. Load beam 214 extends from base plate 212, and gimble/head assembly 216 extends from load beam 214. Unloading button 218 is coupled to or formed integrally with the bottom side facing disc 202 of load beam 214 or to the gimble/head assembly 216.
Pivoting ramp 206 includes pivot 230, pivot arm 232, sloped region 234, level region 236, lower extension 238, and ramp bias device 240. Pivot 230 is a low friction axis that, in preferred embodiments, includes a clearance hole in the ramp material with a pin fastened to the upper and lower covers along with a small thrust bearing. A variety of alternative bearing structures can be used for pivot 230.
Level region 236 extends from pivot arm 232. In alternative embodiments, pivot arm 232 functions as level region 236 such that a separately identifiable level region is not needed. Sloped region 234 forms an angle with respect to a plane parallel to the plane of disc 202 such that the height of sloped region 234 increases toward level region 236. Sloped region 234 can have multiple slopes at different positions relative to level region 236.
Ramp bias device 240 can be any of a variety of devices or mechanisms for biasing pivoting ramp 206 away from disc 202. Rotation of disc 202 causes airflow that also tends to bias pivoting ramp 206 away from disc 202. If necessary, additional bias can be supplied by ramp bias device 240, which can be a mechanical spring or the like. In preferred embodiments, the biasing forces are carefully balanced. If the biasing forces are insufficient, ramp 206 may stay in a position rotated toward disc 202 after the slider is loaded, which could cause the slider to unload from the disc before reaching data tracks near edge 208. Also, if the bias forces are too great, ramp 206 may not stay in the proper loading position during the load of the slider onto the disc. To help obtain the desired degree of balance, a very low friction pivot 230 can be used, such that hysteresis is reduced, and a small bias force can be used such that the bias forces are easily overcome by the forces exerted by actuator 204 during loading.
When actuator 204 is loaded such that the head is positioned to interact with the disc surface, ramp 206 is biased away from disc 202. During an unload operation, rotation of actuator 204 results in actuator 204 engaging lower extension 238 of ramp 206 causing the rotation of ramp 206 to extend sloped region 234 further over disc 202. As actuator 204 continues to rotate unloading button 218 toward edge 208 of disc 202 and ramp 206 rotates toward disc 202, the unload takes place. Eventually, unload button 218 comes to rest on level region 236.
For a load operation, actuator 204 is rotated toward the center of disc 202. In preferred embodiments, the frictional sliding of button 218 on ramp 206 creates a force sufficient to overcome the bias force provided by air circulation caused by disc 202 and by bias device 240. Thus, ramp 206 remains positioned extending over disc 202 until actuator 204 becomes disengaged from ramp 206. Then, the forces provided by bias device 240 return ramp 206 to a position deflected away from disc 202. The structure and advantages of the embodiment of the ramp shown in FIG. 3 is described further in U.S. Pat. No. 5,764,437 to Meyer et al.
Note that in the operation of either disc drive system of FIGS. 2 and 3, the loading and unloading operations involve direct contact with the ramp surface. Thus, the ramp surface is prone to wear.
A schematic cross sectional view of the ramp is shown in FIG. 4. Ramp 250 includes a polymer substrate 252 and a carbon nitride or metal nitride material at ramp surface 254. A covalent bond 253 couples the ramp surface 254 to the substrate 252. The nitride materials can be in the form of a coating. As noted above, the shape and size of ramp 250 will depend on the design of the ramp and the corresponding structure on the suspension assembly for contacting the ramp. In preferred embodiments, the carbon nitride coating covers at least the portion of the ramp surface that contacts the suspension assembly during load and unload operations. The carbon nitride material can cover the entire top ramp surface. To perform the deposition process, the polymer substrate is mounted with at least a portion of the surface exposed. The exposed portion of the surface can be treated to deposit carbon nitride or metal nitride.
Suitable polymers for the ramp include rigid polymers that can tolerate the forces to which the ramp is subjected during the load and unload operations. Preferred polymers are organic polymers, such that covalent bonds are formed with carbon nitride.
If the nitride material is in the form of a coating, the carbon nitride or metal nitride coating has an average thickness from about 10 nanometers (nm) to about 5 microns, preferably from about 25 nm to about 3 microns, and more preferably from about 40 nm to about 2 micron. In preferred embodiments, the carbon nitride material is covalently bonded to the polymer substrate. Generally, the nature of the carbon nitride material depends on the processing approach used to apply the coating. The carbon nitride material can have a composition covering a wide range of carbon nitride materials with a formula cxNy.
Generally, the carbon nitride has at least about 10 atomic percent nitrogen. This ratio can be determined by an Auger analysis. The ratio of carbon to nitrogen in the carbon nitride layer, i.e., x/y, generally is no more than about 9:1, preferably no more than about 3:1, and more preferably from about 2:1 to about 3:4. Crystalline carbon nitride are known with stoichiometries of C3N4 and either α or β crystal structures. These crystalline materials are described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 5,110,679 to Haller et al. Also, a variety of amorphous carbon nitride materials are known. Generally, all of the carbon nitride materials are very hard, although the crystalline β-C3N4 materials are extremely hard.
Several processes are known for the application of carbon nitrides and metal nitrides. In particular, physical vapor deposition and chemical vapor deposition can be used. These deposition approaches can be enhanced by plasma techniques and ion-assisted techniques. In a simple vapor deposition approach, carbon or metal is radio frequency (RF) sputtered in a nitrogen atmosphere. Carbon nitride or metal nitride is deposited on the heated (50į C. to 250į C.) surface of a substrate. The amount of nitrogen in the resulting coating is determined in part by the amount of nitrogen in the atmosphere and by the sputtering power. The nitrogen pressure generally ranges from about 5 mTorr to about 40 mTorr.
The use of direct current (DC) sputtering to apply a carbon nitride coating to a magnetic disc is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,664,976 to Kimura et al. Similarly, the use of DC magnetron sputtering to coat a magnetic disc surface with carbon nitride is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,232,570 to Haines et al. The production of crystalline β-C3N4 using sputtering is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,110,679 to Haller et al.
In an alternative approach, an ion beam is used to supply high kinetic energy nitrogen atoms. These are combined with sputtered carbon atoms. The process is performed at very low pressures, less than about 2.5 Pa. Ion bombardment of nitrogen gas produces the nitrogen atom beam. DC or RF magnetron sputtering is used. This process is described further in U.S. Pat. No. 5,618,389 to Kreider.
Plasma assisted deposition with a beam of C ions and an intersecting beam of nitrogen containing radicals is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,650,201 to Tompa. The two beam intersect at the surface of the substrate to be coated. The carbon negative ion beam is created by the decomposition of a hydrocarbon. Suitable nitrogen radicals include, for example, radicals of N2 and NH3. In addition, microwave plasma deposition has been used to deposit crystalline β-C3N4, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,652,061 to Jeng et al.
The approaches described above can be adapted for the application of carbon nitride or metal nitride materials to a polymer substrate. Some plasma and ion beam approaches are advantageous because the substrate does not have to heated significantly to form the carbon nitride coating. This can be advantageous for polymer substrates, which may be heat sensitive. For organic polymers, the substrate itself can supply the carbon atoms, so that the carbon source in the above techniques maybe can be eliminated or its contribution reduced.
A preferred apparatus for the deposition of carbon nitride onto an organic polymer substrate is shown in FIG. 5. Apparatus 300 includes a substrate 302 mounted within a vacuum chamber 304. Vacuum chamber 304 includes a vent 306 connected to a pump and a connection to a nitrogen gas source 310. The gas source can also introduce an inert gas, such as argon, mixed with the nitrogen gas. Filament 312 produces an electron beam that is directed to anode plate 314. The electron beam generates a nitrogen plasma created from the nitrogen gas. Plates 316, 318 have a charge bias that is used to control the nitrogen plasma. The nitrogen plasma impinging on the organic polymer substrate generates the carbon nitride.
In summary, one aspect of the invention pertains to a disc drive unit 100 including an actuator assembly 104 with a suspension assembly 118 supporting a head 120 and a ramp 108, 156, 206 positioned to guide head 120 toward or away from a data storage disc 110. Head 120 facilitates data transmission with respect to data storage disc 110. Actuator assembly 104 positions head 120 at selected locations along data storage disc 110. In particular, the ramp surface 254 has a carbon nitride or metal nitride material.
Ramp 108, 156, 206 generally has a sloped region 122, 180, 234 and a flat region 124, 182, 236. Ramp 108, 156, 206 generally includes a polymer with, preferably, a carbon nitride coating covering at least a portion of the.ramp surface. The carbon nitride preferably is covalently bonded to the polymer. The carbon nitride coating, in preferred embodiments, has an average thickness from about 10 nanometers to about 5 microns and more preferably from about 50 nanometers to about 2 microns. The carbon nitride preferably includes at least about 10 atomic percent nitrogen.
Actuator assembly 104 generally has a contact area 126, 168, 218 for contacting ramp 108, 156, 206. The portions of ramp surface 254 that meet contact area 126, 168, 218 preferably have a carbon nitride or metal nitride material. In some embodiments, the entire top ramp surface has a carbon nitride material.
Data storage unit 100 can be a hard disc drive comprising a plurality of fixed discs 110. Data storage unit 100 can include an optical or magneto-optical storage disc. Head 120 of data storage unit 100 generally includes a structure to facilitate data transfer, such as a transducer or a lens.
In another aspect, the invention relates to a method for applying a carbon nitride material onto an organic polymer material. The method includes mounting the organic polymer material such that at least a portion of its surface is exposed. The method further involves directing a nitrogen plasma at the exposed surface of the organic polymer material, where the organic polymer material serves as the carbon source. The nitrogen plasma can be formed with an ion beam in a nitrogen atmosphere. The carbon nitride coated polymer can be formed into ramp 108, 156, 206 for a disc drive unit 100.
It is to be understood that even though numerous characteristics and advantages of various embodiments of the present invention have been set forth in the foregoing description, together with details of the structure and function of various embodiments of the invention, this disclosure is illustrative only, and changes may be made in detail, especially in matters of structure and arrangement of parts within the principles of the present invention to the full extent indicated by the broad general meaning of the terms in which the appended claims are expressed. For example, the particular elements may vary depending on the particular application for the load/unload ramp while maintaining substantially the same functionality without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. In addition, although the preferred embodiment described herein is directed to a load/unload ramp for a disc drive system, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the teachings of the present invention can be applied to other systems, like asperity detection apparatuses and compact disc readers, without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention.
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MADISON - Attorney General J.B. Van Hollen is proud to announce this year's winner of the first statewide Amber Alert - Missing Children poster competition. Jada Hutcherson, a fifth grade student at Elm Creative Arts School in Milwaukee was recognized yesterday by Van Hollen at an awards ceremony at Elm Creative Arts where he was joined by Wisconsin school children, Captain Gregory Moore of the Milwaukee Police Department and Milwaukee Public School officials.
Attorney General Van Hollen presented Jada with a state award certificate recognizing her achievement, along with a U.S. Savings Bond. Jada's poster will represent Wisconsin in the national competition.
"Wisconsin's Amber Alert program is a model partnership of government agencies, private enterprise, and civic-minded citizens," said Van Hollen. "The annual poster contest promotes awareness about missing children and provides an opportunity for children and their families to discuss important safety issues." The contest is open to all fifth-grade students throughout Wisconsin.
Jada's winning poster can be seen on the Wisconsin Department of Justice's website at:
"My poster is about people who had lost a child and are trying to find them, " said Hutcherson. "The neighborhood is holding up a banner saying bring our missing children home."
The Wisconsin Amber Alert program is a collaborative partnership between law enforcement agencies and broadcasters to alert the general public when a child is abducted. In this cooperative plan, radio and television stations interrupt programming with an emergency tone and highway message boards are activated, alerting the public to the abduction. Citizens with information that may lead to the safe recovery of the abducted child are instructed to contact law enforcement. For more information about the Wisconsin Amber Alert Program, please access its web page at http://amberalertwisconsin.org/default.asp
The Wisconsin Amber Alert Program is coordinated by the Wisconsin Clearinghouse for Missing and Exploited Children and Adults, which is housed in the Wisconsin Department of Justice. The Wisconsin Clearinghouse works in conjunction with the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, and forms part of a nationwide network that works to reunite missing and abducted children and adults with their families. For more information on the Wisconsin Clearinghouse you can access their web page at http://www.missingpersons.doj.wi.gov/

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Defenseman Ryan McDonagh, right, and forward Ryan Callahan run through a drill Monday for the U.S. hockey team during a training session at the Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia.
- Filed Under
As a youngster in the Rochester (N.Y.) Youth Hockey program, Ryan Callahan once got cut from a travel team.
Around age 13 at the time, he was deemed not good enough.
When he was finishing his third season of major junior in the Ontario Hockey League, the Rangers weren't sure if would ever play in the NHL. ...


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Documents and manuals
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GROM-USB3, GROM-USB2P MP3 car kit (USB/IPOD/ANDROID car adapter, Bluetooth and AUX-In capable)
GROM-USB3 MP3 car kit usage manual.pdf
Simple usage manual for GROM USB MP3 car adapters
GROM-USB2P MP3 car kit usage manual.pdf
Simple usage manual for GROM USB MP3 car adapters
GROM USB Drive Setup.pdf
How to Setup a USB Drive for the GROM USB2 MP3 kit. This manual is a step by step guide for setting up your USB storage device in order to use it with GROM USB adapter.
Switching between USB, iPod and AUX modes (applies to USB2P kit only).pdf
You will learn how to switch between three different modes: USB, iPod and AUX on your GROM-USB2P MP3 car kit. This short guide will allow you to avoid common mistakes.
How to enable USB streaming on GROM-USB2P and GROM-AND2 Car Kits.pdf
You can stream the music without AALinQ app through USB cable from your Android phone. You can play any app through USB connection on GROM-USB2P, and GROM-AND2 kits. To enable USB streaming
you will need to apply the configuration file. Read the document to understand what to do.
Note that on GROM-USB3 the USB streaming is available without the config file. Simply exit AALinQ and open the other application.
GROM-BT3 in-car Bluetooth Hands Free and A2DP adapter kit
GROM-BT3 Bluetooth Hands Free and A2DP Car Kit.pdf
The installation instructions and the operation manual for GROMBT3 in-car Bluetooth Hands Free and A2DP streaming car adapter kit
GROM Bluetooth Dongle for GROM-USB2P, GROM-AUX3 and GROM-MST3P Kits
GROM Bluetooth Dongle Installation and Usage manual.pdf
Information on how to install, pair and use your phone with GROM Bluetooth Dongle.
GROM-MST4 and GROM-MST3P Car Kit
Installation and Usage manual for GROM-MST4 adapter kit.pdf
Installation and Usage manual for GROM-MST3P adapter kit.pdf
GROM-MST4 for AUDI fiber-optic usage manual (.pdf)
GROM-MST3P: AUDI MMI 2G GROM Bluetooth, iPhone, Android car kit, Install (YouTube)
GROM-MST3P: Audi MMI 2G with optical fiber stereo Usage Demo Video (YouTube)
GROM-MST3P for Audi MMI 2G, Usage manual (.pdf)
How to check MMI version of your Audi MMI 2G stereo (.pdf)You need MMI 2G High stereo with the software verion of 33.6.0 and newer for GROM kit to work. If your stereo has
older software you can ask your local Audi dealer to update the MMI software for you.
GROM-MST3: BMW 3-series with optical fiber stereo Installation Video (YouTube)
GROM-MST3: USB, Bluetooth in BMW 3-series Usage Video (YouTube)
GROM-MST3 and MST4: installation into the trunk at the CD changer location
GROM-MST4-BMWO4: usage manual of GROM kit in BMW fiber-optic
Mercedes Benz 03-08 M.O.S.T. compatibility reference (.pdf) Check if your is compatible with GROM-MST3P-MBO Android iPhone Bluetooth Car Kit
GROM-MST4 for Mercedes Benz fiber-optic usage manual (.pdf)
GROM-MST3: Volvo XC90 03-06 Installation Video (YouTube)
GROM-MST3: USB, Bluetooth in Volvo XC90 03-06 Usage Video (YouTube)
GROM-MST3: Volvo S40 05-10 Installation Video (YouTube)
GROM-MST3: USB, Bluetooth in Volvo S40 05-10 Usage Video (YouTube)
GROM-AND2 Android AUX USB Car Kit
Installation and Usage manual for GROM-AND2 Android USB and AUX car adapter kit.pdf
GROM adapter for iPod
GROM iPod Operation Manual (GROM-IPD3).pdf
The installation instructions and the operation manual for GROM iPod adapters V3.
Honda/Acura 03 and up SAT Emulation.pdf
Diagram that illustrates specific button presses.
MAZDA 02-08 SAT Emulation.jpg
Diagram that illustrates specific button presses.
GROM-AUX3 auxiliary mp3 car adapter kit
GROM AUX ( auxiliary adapter ) installation instructions.pdf
The installation instructions and the operation manual for GROM AUX (auxiliary) adapters
GROM Application guide.pdf
Application guide and compatibility list for GROM adapters. Check to see if your car stereo is compatible with the GROM adapter!
Harness compatibility chart for GROM adapters
Please take a look at the harness compatibility chart for the GROM adapters. The port is located at the back of the stereo.
How to connect your GROM adapter into AUDI factory stereo that is not pre-wired for the CD changer
Some AUDI models are not pre-wired for CD changer. In that case solig rectangular connector is blocking the CD changer port at the back of AUDI stereo.
Such stereos are: all Symphony II, some Symphony and Concert radio.
GROM part # AUDS is required in order to connect GROM adapter to this head unit. However you can use this instructions and make the connection possible without AUDS part.
Application reference for Audi - do I need AUDS cable?
Not sure if you need AUDS cable? Please check the reference guide above. The guide applies to all GROM products for AUDI without MMI.
GROM-DSP adapter converter for BMW.pdf
The instructions for installation of GROM DSP converter kit for BMW equipped with DSP - Digital Signal Processing Amplifier.
GROM dashboard mounting into BMW.pdf
The instructions for dashboard mounting of any GROM adapter into BMW.
GMC Buick Chevrolet
GROM USB3 Adapter for GM cars - usage manual.pdf
Mazda3, Mazda5 with MP3 stereo 08-09
GROM USB adapter mounting into MAZDA 8.5 with MP3 stereo.pdf
The instructions for mounting of GROM USB/IPOD/AUX adapter into Mazda3,5 2008-09 with MP3 stereos. Please make sure that your stereo has MP3 mark on its face plate.
Nissan, Infiniti
GROM car kit adapter mounting into Nissan/Infiniti.pdf
The instructions for mounting of GROM USB/IPOD/AUX/Bluetooth/iPhone adapter into Nissan/Infiniti 03+.
GROM-USB3 Usage Manual - Nissan/Infiniti with SAT Emulation.pdf
Usage illustration of GROM-USB3 USB Android Bluetooth iPhone Car Kit for Nissan or Infiniti factory stereo, with XM (SAT) Emulation.
GROM-USB2P Usage Manual - Nissan/Infiniti with SAT Emulation.pdf
Usage illustration of GROM-USB2P (prev. gen.) USB Android Bluetooth Car Kit for Nissan or Infiniti factory stereo, with XM (SAT) Emulation.
GROM-AND2, BT3, AUX3 Usage Manual - Nissan/Infiniti SAT Emulation
GROM-AND2, GROM-BT3, GROM-AUX3 Bluetooth iPhone AUX Car Kit usage illustration for Nissan/Infiniti factory stereos with XM (SAT) emulation.
Toyota / Lexus / Scion
GROM MP3 firmware for select Toyota Lexus Scion - reference guide
This document helps you to determine if GROM MP3 firmware for Toyota, Lexus, Scion is applicable to your stereo. The MP3 firmware is available for select Toyota, Lexus and Scion navigation
stereos. Advanced folder browsing is available with this firmware. GROM MP3 firmware for Toyota will work for GROM-USB3 kit only.
VW AUDI Fitment Guide.pdf
Fitment guide for VW and AUDI cars. Lists all available installation options, and possible limitations.
GROM Car Kit mounting into Volvo 01-06 (VOL01 cable).pdf
The instructions for mounting of GROM USB/AND2/BT3/AUX adapter into Volvo 01-06.
GROM Car Kit mounting into Volvo 1994-2000
(VOL94 cable).pdf The instructions for mounting of GROM USB/AND2/BT3/AUX adapter into Volvo 1994-2000.
Ford, Mercury, Lincoln
GROM USB adapter mounting into Ford/Mercury/Lincoln 06+ with Posi-Taps.pdf
The instructions for mounting of GROM-USB3 or GROM-AND2 adapter into Ford/Mercury/Lincoln 06+.
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text:
Robert Johnson strikes the perfect balance between master artist and down-to-earth mentor, supporting his students while pushing them to create the best works that they can. At a recent three-day workshop sponsored by The Art League School in Alexandria, Virginia, Johnson led students through the stages of creating a still life flower painting with oils. He was engaging from the very beginning, starting with a three-hour demonstration, during which he fielded questions about brushstroke technique, supplies, color-palette choices, and the attributes of his favored medium, which happens to be Gamsol.
Spending time in a workshop with an artist-instructor such as Robert Johnson is a sure-fire way to accelerate one's learning and improve skills. How has the workshop environment shaped your artistic growth? Whether it was a great experience that left you wanting more or one that wasn't quite what you expected, leave a comment and let us know. And if you want all the workshop benefits while working independently in your studio, our Top 10 Acrylic Painting Techniques, Get Started in Pastels, and Draw Faces in Colored Pencil video bundles are the perfect solution--informative and convenient all in one, plus you get an eMag on your chosen topic absolutely free! Enjoy!
Hello Courtney,
I have been a painter for 30 years and conduct workshops of my own. Can you tell me how to get a feature in your newsletter and also workshop magazine.
i have 3 upcoming plein air workshops May - France, July - Westminster, Md
September - Ghost Ranch, Taos, NM
I have many landscape paintings that show 'steps" in painting process that might be of interest.
Thank you and I enjoy your "Artist Daily" very much,
sincerely, Jeanean website: www.jeaneansongcomartin.com
Hi Courtney,
I have been painting off and on in my own personal style for about 20 years, not having taken any type of class since college. I had thought about taking some type of class or workshop for years just for fun and to motivate me into being a more consistent artist. Well, I finally signed up for two classes at a local art center. It has been amazing how much I've gotten out of these two classes in just three weeks. I now wish I hadn't waited so long to do it. I recommend everyone should look into what is locally offered, investigate it a bit, and then sign up and try it for themselves. I doubt you'll regret it!
Jeff Marzetti,
Cherry Hill, NJ
I have taken a workshop from Robert Johnson. He is one of the nicest people I have ever met. He is a master artist and not only that, but a gifted teacher as well. I highly recommend his workshops.
Carol Griffin
Courtney, thank you for writing this article. All of the workshops I have gone to have been great and I have learned so much from each one. I don't think you have to paint 15 paintings in a workshop in order to learn something. You are there to soak up as much information as possible,that is, absorb as much as you can possibly digest while at the workshop, and then assimilate the rest of it later as you continue to work on your own.
You learn so much from each individual instructor. Each has their own personality and style, and each their own story. The workshops are fun and motivating. Interestingly, although each workshop has touched on just about every aspect of art that you need to know in order to paint, each workshop has focused on different aspects -- eg. design principles, painting techniques, capturing values.
The best part is: you can ask questions. The teachers don't seem to mind.
I write from Venezuela'm attached on your page always see your messages but not English, I would like if these courses, pdf, etc could come in Spanish was wonderful Here in Venezuela there is a large market of people who like art, waiting response
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text:
Unlocking the Key to Deep Sleep
By Sarah Fenske
Making the Ferguson Commission Matter
By Danny Wicentowski
My Fake Boyfriend Became a Real-Life Crush
By Lindsay Toler
Rep. Jeffrey Pogue Bill Would Ban Unisex Bathrooms
By Danny Wicentowski
Darren Wilson Gives Speech to Nonprofit
By Danny Wicentowski
Angel Stewart and Other Victims of Violence Ask for Mercy
By Jessica Lussenhop
Obama Praises St. Louis' LaunchCode
By Lindsay Toler
By Lindsay Toler
Echols remembers the lines of separation around town where the racial divide manifested itself.
"When I was a kid, we couldn't play on this end of the park," he says, pointing out the back window from his modest second-floor mayoral office. "They had one softball diamond back on the northwestern edge. That's where you were supposed to be. At one point in time, most of the black people in that region lived in the west Madison area, which is right next door to north Venice. They slowly began to creep into north Venice but were not allowed across Meredocia Street. That was the dividing line, that street. One of the gentlemen that built his house there, old man Cross, they burned it to the ground. I never did forget it.
"I had a lot of traumatic experiences here," he continues. "I've been black all my life and I never used it as an excuse, but there were a lot of things that were not quite so acceptable that happened because of it."
Venice began in the early 1800s as a tiny community of whites around a ferry landing from which floated skiffs and barges, carrying livestock and produce across the Mississippi River into St. Louis. In 1845, the town was named Venice because the streets were frequently flooded; no levee existed. It grew organically as heavy industry cropped up to the north and east, in Granite City and Madison, and by the turn of the century, Venice had become a small nexus for the railroads, the roads and the river traffic. It survived the first half of the century as a modestly prosperous river town of 4,000-5,000 people, most of them white.
Even in the pre-civil-rights days, black kids had some advantages, Echols says: "The school system is a classic example. Most of the teachers don't live here. When I was a kid coming up, most of them did; they actually owned homes here they had more input, they could vote, they paid taxes. They were part of the community. At 4 o'clock, your involvement didn't stop. Somehow, I think maybe the kids turned out better, you know? I'm almost 62 years old I never went to jail."
Beginning in the 1960s and continuing through the '70s, the color of Venice changed, same as in East St. Louis and other neighboring towns. Echols is matter-of-fact about it all. "People laugh at me when I say to them even at a City Council meeting or something and we start talking about being "a black town' I say white people make a town black," he says with a smile. "There was always a saying in the black community that when the white people run away from something you may as well run away from it, 'cause there's nothing in it. Well, strangely enough, that has come true there's nothing here to fight over.
"And I saw it as the numbers changed. It was 70-30 (percent) white, and I watched it as it did this, and this, and this, and now it is 90-10 black."
Though political power was welcomed in the black community, as men like Echols became the city's first black mayors, it also became apparent that white flight also meant green flight the money followed the whites out of town. The lucky black towns were the ones with some source of taxes and jobs in their midst refineries, stockyards, steel mills or power plants.
Because none of those have been growth industries in the last quarter of the century, the black towns in the Metro East have taken on other vices that whites won't allow in their neighborhoods but will nevertheless patronize: sex and gambling.
Brooklyn, the smaller, blacker southern neighbor of Venice, has strip joints and massage parlors ("Adult Entertainment! ATM Inside!") that help sustain the town. Echols and the Venice City Council have declined the role of host to the sex business. Farther south stands East St. Louis, itself on the brink of disincorporation 10 years ago but saved by the Casino Queen, at its waterfront, which pumps around $10 million a year into the city coffers, more than double all the city's other revenue sources.
Echols' morality may make him decline the offer to profit from sex, but gambling is another thing altogether. He even attempted to work with Granite City and Madison to get the license for a casino boat, but East St. Louis got it. He says, only half-jokingly, that cities like Venice ought to get a cut even 1 percent would be a lot from East St. Louis' share of the Casino Queen revenue: "God knows there's enough people in Venice that go down there and lose their money including me!"
Though Venice is part of the heavily industrialized "tri-cities" area with Granite City and Madison, it gets very little of the tax base or the jobs. Most of the industry is outside Venice, and most of the employees are whites from outside Venice.
Echols tells an anecdote about his own first attempt, at the age of 18, to apply for a job at the Dow Chemical plant in town. "I went out there, and the guy let me sit there and fill out the application, and with a smile on his face he tore it up right in front of me and let the pieces fall down into the trash can," he says.
Sponsor Content


text:
Learn more about Encore Clickart 1.5 Million 2008 - Windows:
Manufacturer: Encore Electronics, Inc.
Mfg Part#: 16230
Sku: 210440828
See more in Software Suites
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text:
Sunday, March 28, 2010
Adam Pierończyk Quartet - El Buscador (Jazzwerkstatt, 2010) ****
Together, they take us on a musical trip around the world. El Buscador means "the seeker", "the adventurer", and his search is our trip, which starts in "Ivolginskij Dacan", a buddhist monastery in Siberia, close to the Mongolian border, a joyful tune, followed by the long and equally danceable "The Bushido Code", with a spectacular rhythm section forming the basis for the melodious improvisations, moving to Spain for "Andalusian Garden Bel Canto" and ending in Morocco with "The Storks Of Marrakesh".
In between, there is the more meditative "Tranquil Prestidigitator", a duet between didgeridoo and sax, and "If I Ever Saw The Seashore, I Believe I'd Die Of Joy", a slow melancholy piece.
Once more Pierończyk keeps up with his reputation : he is creative and inventive composer, full of warmth and lyricism, who can show different aspects to music without moving too far away from structure and tradition, leaving lots of space for improvisation. The four musicians are at their best on this album : everything they do seems to come so naturally, without forcing themselves, very cohesive in terms of overall sound and so absolutely right.
Watch a clip on Youtube (bad sound quality though)
© stef
Labels: Modern jazz
1 comment:
- polish jazz said...
Thanks Stef for highlighting this. I bought the record and it is truly astonishing! Best regards :-)
- April 4, 2010 at 9:15 AM
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


text:
Early residents talk about history
CAROLYNE NORWOOD | submitted
Don Ringland lived on the Anna Maria City Pier from Oct. 1, 1952,
until Sept. 30, 1953. There were no houses on the pier,
and he and his brother slept on the rafters over the bathroom.
ANNA MARIA – Restaurateur Ed Chiles learned some Island and Sandbar history when he met with three early Island residents recently at his newly renovated Sandbar restaurant.
Donna Courtney Simpson is the daughter of Thelma Wood Holly. Her mother was the poster girl for the Anna Maria Beach Company brochure. Her grandparents built a house on the bay, which was known as Thelma By The Sea in 1912. It was sold in 1946 and became Anglers Lodge.
"When I was in high school, I came out to the Island to a dance at the Pavilion (now the Sandbar) and met my husband in 1945."
"My mother was sick with arthritis, and J. Hartley Blackburn lived three doors down from the Sandbar and also suffered with arthritis. They both stayed in the Gulf waters for most of the day and were cured of arthritis. The Sandbar was a bathhouse, and that beach was a wonderful place to swim."
Don Ringland was a student at Manatee High School when he lived on the pier in 1952 for a year. There were no houses on the pier, and his family ran the pier. He was a short order cook.
He remembered the hurricane of '52 when the storm sucked all the water out of the bay. There was only eight inches of water at the end of the pier.
"Life was unique," he said. "There were lots of good times."
Helen White came to the Island in 1961. Her husband's family owned the Sandbar. There was no kitchen, just a bar. On Saturdays and holidays, there was music. Sandwiches were heated on the radar range.
The Sandbar was noted for wild times. When the bars in Bradenton closed at night everyone came out to the Island and most ended up at the Sandbar.


text:
Cities and towns in Tompkins County have formed a joint commission to try and get a better deal from cable provider Comcast.
The cable company is looking to purchase Time Warner Cable in a deal that's still under review.
More than a dozen municipalities in the county are trying to get some leverage in negotiations, according to Ithaca Town Supervisor Herb Engman.
""We've sort of decided in Tompkins County that when we can take care of it ourselves, that's better than trying to rely on federal and state local government," Engman said. "They seem so dysfunctional in the past few years, and we're just trying to solve our own problems."
Engman said a better deal likely won't end up in better rates for county residents.
Meanwhile, Engman says the town of Ithaca continues to be involved in a lawsuit with Time Warner Cable.
The town alleges the cable giant that they're owed $40,000 in back payments.


text:
Click to expand
What do you think? Give us your opinion. Anonymous comments allowed.
#312 to #7 - gerfox ONLINE (12/31/2013) [-]
Have you tried Crusader Kings II, or another Paradox Interactive game? I was previously a huge fan of the Civ series, and I logged countless hours on them - but now I'm hooked on these games, I feel like they're a bit like Civ - but with more attention to detail. Highly recommend them
Civ and Total War gives two different experiences really as well, so I think it's hard to compare them.
Civ and Total War gives two different experiences really as well, so I think it's hard to compare them.
#119 to #7 - glouriousbastard (12/30/2013) [-]
i never played total war my self
Reply+2#104 to #7 - queefquizzler (12/30/2013) [-]
#291 to #104 - cookiecrusader (12/31/2013) [-]
You. I like you.
#82 to #7 - icelandicjesus (12/30/2013) [-]
Reply+19#47 to #7 - teseus (12/30/2013) [-]
They provide different experiences. If you want a game where you need to focus on managing cities, Civ is for you. If you want to be a warlord and test your military strategy knowledge, go for Total War. They both have good and bad sides to them, but I like both series.
Reply+6#42 to #7 - logicstrike (12/30/2013) [-]
that's ok no ones perfect
#32 to #7 - kameethechosenone (12/30/2013) [-]
I have been playing and exploring Civ strats for the last 3 days no Ragrets, not even a letter
#17 to #7 - tiredofannon (12/30/2013) [-]
I like them both; I like how in Total War I can win a battle despite being massively outnumbered or lose a battle that is a sure win based on my acts whereas in Civ you have no control on the battle outcome once it starts. I like in Civ how there is more overall strategy, trading, the different ages, etc.
#50 to #9 - captainrattrap (12/30/2013) [-]
I love that you guys are saying that just as I am torrenting it now.
Would you recommend purchasing it for online play?
Would you recommend purchasing it for online play?
#180 to #50 - poptartmunch ONLINE (12/30/2013) [-]
I had torrented it before, but decided to buy it on steam after a while. Got both expansions too. I don't regret it at all. Playing against AI all the time can get boring, since they don't make very good choices (obviously depends on difficulty, but still). With players, you never really know what will happen, which is thrilling!
#300 to #180 - captainrattrap (12/31/2013) [-]
Well I just got a steam account if you wanna toss a penny in my cup... (same as my username if you don't mind my begging)
#339 to #300 - poptartmunch ONLINE (12/31/2013) [-]
Didn't get any kind of cash/prepaid credit card for xmas?
#340 to #339 - captainrattrap (12/31/2013) [-]
I bought my pc post-christmas. Before Saturday I was an xbox gamer.
#342 to #340 - poptartmunch ONLINE (12/31/2013) [-]
Civ 5 is only 15$. Not able to afford that yet? I know I was pretty damn broke after I got my pc
#344 to #342 - captainrattrap (12/31/2013) [-]
Well I have 13 bucks left on my account, and some cash as well as an emergency account. But school starts soon and 15 bucks could be the breakpoint in my individual situation.
#346 to #344 - poptartmunch ONLINE (12/31/2013) [-]
I can send you 2$ if that's all you need. lol


text:
Friday, April 11, 2014
The Dorchester School District Two Board of Trustees recently updated the policy and administrative rule governing the foreign exchange program for students. Students desiring to attend Ashley Ridge High School, Fort Dorchester High School and Summerville High School for the 2014-2015 school year through the foreign exchange program should review the updated guidelines below:
The district will admit a limited number of students from foreign countries to attend district high schools that are the age of eligibility and that are participating in a foreign exchange program designated by the U.S. State Department.
The district will accommodate no more than four total exchange students at each of the districts high schools in a given year.
Host families must reside within the boundaries of Dorchester School District Two in order to place a student in one of the districts high schools.
Students will be placed in a junior (11th grade) homeroom for the full academic year.
Those interested in participating in the Dorchester School District Two foreign exchange student program must submit a letter of interest by April 30 to:
Elena Furnari
Director of High Schools
Dorchester School District Two
102 Green Wave Blvd.
Summerville, SC 29483
The Journal Scene is pleased to offer readers the enhanced ability to comment on stories. We expect our readers to engage in lively, yet civil discourse. We do not edit user submitted statements and we cannot promise that readers will not occasionally find offensive or inaccurate comments posted in the comments area. Responsibility for the statements posted lies with the person submitting the comment, not The Journal Scene.
If you find a comment that is objectionable, please click "report abuse" and we will review it for possible removal. Please be reminded, however, that in accordance with our Terms of Use and federal law, we are under no obligation to remove any third party comments posted on our website. Read our full terms and conditions.
© 2015 The Journal Scene an Evening Post Industries company. All Rights Reserved.
Registration on or use of this site constitutes acceptance of our Terms of Service, Privacy Policy and Parental Consent Form.


text:
Hotels/lodging close to Harvard Square are listed below sorted in the order of their distance (closest at the top). Browse our hotels to find accommodations near Harvard Square in Cambridge MA for your leisure or business trips.
We list the best lodging close to Harvard Square so you can review the discounted Cambridge MA accommodations below and securely book your ideal hotel. Need a room block for a meeting? Lock in a Cambridge MA group hotel rate
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text:
NMCA and NMRA Racers Are now a Long Way From What Street Legal Racing Used to Be
While there are a lot of different flavors of drag racing for public consumption, there's one common denominator: People like cars that they can identify with. Yes, people will still watch the fastest and quickest vehicles on the track, especially if you throw in some noise, flames and smoke. Yet from the beginning, fans have had a special affinity for the cars that they grew up with, drove at one time or still have in their driveway. Drag racing started with hot-rodded street cars about 60 years ago, and they are still a favorite today.
Two groups that draw heavily from that passion are the National Mustang Racing Association (NMRA) and the National Muscle Car Association (NMCA). Originally formed by a group of performance enthusiasts to capitalize on the popularity and growth of street car racing, ProMedia LLC was the organization behind the fledgling NMRA, which hosted three events in 1999. Later they expanded with the Pro Edelbrock series, which inherited the NMCA name in 2005. As with any lucrative sports venture, there were territorial battles with other organizations as each fought to gain supremacy.
As the economic recession continued into 2010, the NMCA and NMRA discovered that they were last major players standing. Sure, there are still other groups operating, but by and large the NMCA/NMRA has proved to have one of the best marketing organizations in drag racing, which is a very important ingredient for survival these days. The Fastest Street Car events at Memphis, the World Ford Challenge, and even the Orlando Street Car Nationals have all been successful one-race programs in the past; but in the end, the organization of the NMCA/NMRA street car series has had a longer lasting impact on the sport.
Success hasn't been without its challenges. While the ADRL and PINKS have often gotten the nod for their own innovative programs and business models, the NMCA/NMRA has also garnered recognition in its own way. Consolidating schedules, running joint events and developing special brand-specific races within a race, such as the LSX Shootout, the Late Model Hemi Shootout and the Hot Rod Drags, kept the brand alive.
With the leadership of the NMCA/NMRA, street car racing today has morphed into a program that includes index and bracket racing, along with its traditional heads-up format. In 2010, they hosted 17 events around the country. They also provided a venue for the occasional racer/fan, while bringing in corporate support and providing a place for tomorrow's stars to develop their skills.
Street cars and the events that are tailored to them aren't what they used to be, but they are still a viable–and an attractive–alternative to the largest organizations in the sport. Long may they run!
Tags: National Muscle Car Association, National Mustang Racing Association, NMCA, NMRA


text:
Acta Ophthalmologica, 08/08/2012
Bron A – Micro incisions for cataract surgery (MICS) offer some substantial advantages vs conventional corneal incisions; a better tightness of the surgical wound allows a better control of IOP during the surgery. Therefore glaucoma surgeries (penetrating or not) are much easier to perform without changing your technique. In this presentation some surgical tips will be given in order to facilitate your combined procedures.
© 2015 M3 USA Corporation. ALL Rights Reserved.


text:
Chasing Aphrodite's Report on Fordham's Controversial Acquisition of 5th-Century Mosaics
One of Fordham's newly acquired mosaics
Earlier this month, Fordham announced that it acquired from an anonymous donor nine fifth-century mosaics. The mosaics come from a church floor in northwest Syria, possibly Apamea, a site that has suffered severe looting. Read the full summary at Chasing Aphrodite.
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text:
Watson grew up in the Florida panhandle in the town of Bagdad, playing on the same Milton High School golf team as PGA Tour winners Boo Weekley and Heath Slocum. Watson's father and namesake, Gerry, was a former Green Beret who introduced his son to the game by teaching him how to hit whiffle balls around the backyard."He didn't discipline me too hard when I was growing up, but he was persistent about always getting better," Watson said in a Golf Digest "My Shot" in April, 2013.
-- Sam Weinman
Follow: @samweinman
The Masters
19 Things You Should Know About Bubba Watson
April 2014
He didn't grow up like most PGA Tour players
- Keywords:
- Masters,
- golf,
- Bubba Watson,
- 19 things,
- Sam Weinman,
- Alex Myers,
- ryan herrington,
- luke kerr-dineen


text:
A one-piece spring fastener for connecting two members is disclosed which is useful as a replacement for a spring-biased hinge. The fastener has a body section with spring clips and a tab for locking the body section to one member and a leaf spring section that projects from one side of the body section and has means for attaching it to a second member.
1. A fastener for use in connecting together two members comprising a body section, a pair of spring clip means at one margin of said body section for mounting said fastener to a first member, a tongue extending away from said one margin beyond said spring clip means, said pair of spring clip means being located on each at opposite sides of said tongue, each of said spring clip means comprising a first leg that is co-planar with said tongue and a second leg with one end connected to said first leg and another end extending close to and resisting flexing away from said first leg, and a projection with oppositely directed lips at the outer end of said tongue for securing said tongue to a second member, said fastener being formed in one piece from a material which (a) is relatively stiff yet (b) has enough resiliency and flexibility to function as a spring member.
2. A fastener according to claim 1 wherein said outer end of said tongue is formed with a boss, and said projection is integral with said boss.
3. A fastener according to claim 1 having a front side and a rear side with said projection being on said front side, and further wherein said spring clip means comprises a pair of legs which are connected together at one end and resist separation at the opposite end, and one of said legs is co-planar with said tongue and the other leg is disposed on the front side of said fastener.
4. A fastener according to claim 1 in combination with a first member connected to said body section by said spring clip means and a second member connected to said tongue by said securing means.
5. A fastener according to claim 1 formed of a plastic material.
6. Reel storage apparatus for use with a plurality of reel units where each reel includes a pair of parallel sides and a peripheral closure for the sides provided with a peripheral hanger, said apparatus comprising a support, hanger means held by said support and including at least one row of horizontally-aligned hanger portions each disposed for separate separable hooking engagement with a different peripheral hanger of one of the reel units, and ejection-assist means held by said support, said ejection-assist means including deflectable means positioned to engage peripheries of the reel units which may be hung side-by-side from said hanger means, and spring fastener means resiliently mounting said deflectable means to said support, said resiliently deflectable means being disposed below the level of said row and resiliently resisting deflections of the reel units in one angular direction about said row, whereby manually-induced deflection of any of the reel units in said one direction results in rebound deflection thereof in the opposite direction to a position where that reel unit projects out of alignment with the others and may be conveniently grasped for manual removal from said hanger means, said spring fasteners each being a fastener as defined by claim 1.
This invention relates to spring fasteners and more particularly to fasteners for resiliently mounting one member to another so that the one member is supported in a predetermined position and is spring biased against movement out of that position.
One primary object of this invention is to provide a spring-like fastener which is the functional equivalent of and may be substituted for a conventional spring-loaded hinge.
While fasteners made in accordance with this invention have many applications, they are especially useful as low cost and labor-saving replacements for the hinges employed to support the ejection assist bars in library racks of the type disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,310,178 for high density storage and convenient accessibility of reels of record-bearing media surface magnetic tape. Accordingly another primary object of this invention is to provide a library rack for hanging reels of record-bearing tape which is an improvement upon the storage rack disclosed in U.S Pat. No. 3,310,178.
A further object is to provide a spring-like fastener which can be used to resiliently couple together two members which is made of plastic, is made as one piece, can be molded with precision using techniques well known to persons skilled in the plastics molding industry, is durable and can be attached to the two members quickly and without need for special tools. Still another object is to provide a spring-like fastener of the type described which is adapted to exert counteracting forces that hold it in place. A further optional object is to provide a fastener of the type described which interlocks with one of the two members to which it is connected by a snap action and has to be broken in order for it to be detached from that member.
These objects and other objects which are obvious to persons skilled in the art are achieved by providing a spring fastener which in its preferred form comprises a body section, a leaf spring section located at one side of the body section and having means at one end for attaching the leaf spring section to a first member, at least one spring clip section at said one side of the body section for attaching the body section to a second member, and a tab section located at the opposite side of the body section which is adapted to extend through an opening in the second member and to interlock with the second member. The invention further comprises provision of a rack for hanging and storing reels of record-bearing media which includes an ejection assist or stabilizer bar that is supported by fasteners of the type described and acts to maintain the reels aligned side by side in a uniform row and to facilitate removal of selected reels.
Other features and many of the attendant advantages of this invention are disclosed or rendered obvious by the following detailed description which is to be considered together with the accompanying drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a preferred form of spring fastener made in accordance with this invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates a vertical section taken along line 2--2 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 2A is a sectional view like FIG. 2 of a modification of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a front elevation of the same fastener;
FIG. 4 illustrates portions of a library-type storage rack for tape reels, some of which are shown mounted on the rack;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view from the rear of a portion of the rack of FIG. 4 showing one of the ejection assist bars held by fasteners made as shown in FIGS. 1-3;
FIG. 5A is a fragmentary enlargement of a portion of the apparatus shown in FIG. 5; and
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view on an enlarged scale showing one of the same fasteners holding together a rack member and its associated ejection assist bar, with the latter bent rearwardly as occurs when it is engaged by a rearwardly deflected tape reel.
Turning now to FIGS. 1-3, there is shown a one-piece spring fastener 2 which is made by moulding a suitable plastic material such as an acetal, nylon, polyethylene or polypropylene resin which in its cured form is stiff yet has enough resiliency and flexibility to function as a spring member. The fastener 2 comprises a flat generally rectangular body section 4 and an elongate tongue 6 which extends out from one edge 8 of the body section and functions as a leaf spring section. To facilitate correlation of the spring fasteners with associated portions of the storage rack shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, and also in contemplation of how the fasteners are oriented when embodied in the rack, the surface 10 of the body and tongue sections is to be considered the rear surface of the fastener and the edges 8 and 12 of the body section are to be considered the lower and upper edges respectively. The free end of tongue 6 is thickened so as to form a boss 14 with a flat surface 16 which is offset from the front surface 18 of the tongue and body sections. The front side of boss 14 is formed with a centrally located projection 20 that has a lip 22 at its upper and lower sides. The lips 22 are spaced a short distance from the plane of surface 18. A notch 24 and a wide flat aperture 26 are provided in the boss 14. These are not essential to operation of the fastener and instead are the necessary result of the mold design required to mold the lips 22.
Still referring to FIGS. 1-3, the fastener also is formed with two U-shaped spring clips each comprising a first leg 26 extending away from the lower edge 8 of body section 4 parallel to tongue 6, a second leg 28 extending back along the front side of leg 26 toward edge 12, and a connecting portion 30 which preferably but not necessarily has a flat lower surface 32 that forms sharp corners with the adjacent surfaces of legs 26 and 28. Each leg 28 preferably is formed so that it extends at an acute angle to leg 26 and at or near its free end it contacts or lies close to the latter leg. Preferably as shown the free end of each leg 28 is bevelled on the side facing leg 26 as shown at 34, whereby to facilitate inserting a member between the legs as hereinafter described. As an alternative measure as shown in FIG. 2A, the leg 28 could be formed so that it extended parallel to leg 26 and a rounded rib 29 could be provided on its inner surface to reduce or close off the gap between it and leg 26, so that leg 28 would be forced away from leg 26 when a member is inserted between them.
Completing the fastener of FIGS. 1-3 is a tab section 36 which is located centrally of and projects from the upper edge 12 of body section 4. The tab section comprises an offset connecting portion 38 that extends at a right angle to the front surface 18 and a detent or catch portion 40 that extends at an oblique angle to connecting portion 38 and body section 4 and is tapered longitudinally so that its free end terminates in a thin straight edge. More specifically, the catch portion 40 has a flat front surface 42 that forms an extension of a bevelled surface at the front end of connecting portion 38, and a rear surface 44 that is angulated as shown to form a sharp essentially right angle corner 46 with the adjacent surface of connecting portion 38.
The fastener just described is stiff yet has a resilient flexibility such that tongue 6 can bend and exhibits the behavior of a leaf spring and a restoring force is built up in legs 26 and 28 and connecting portion 30 when the free ends of legs 28 are bent away from legs 26. The tab section 36 also exhibits a spring stiffness and is capable of being flexed relative to body section 4.
Turning now to FIGS. 4 and 5, the mode of using the fasteners of FIGS. 1-3 will now be described. FIG. 4 shows a storage rack for storing tape reels in an arrangement allowing a high storage density. The rack comprises a plurality of horizontal sheet metal rack members 50 supported in a vertically-tiered relationship by a pair of upstanding framework members 52 and 54 that are affixed to a base 56. Each rack member 50 is an inverted channel and comprises (see also FIG. 6) vertical front and rear walls 58 and 60 and a horizontal top wall 62. Rear wall 60 hangs slightly lower than front wall 58 and the latter is bent back upon itself along its lower edge so as to form an upside down generally U-shaped flange 64 that lies close against its rear surface. The front wall 58 has a horizontally-extending row of closely spaced identical apertures 66 that extend below the rolled over upper edge of flange 64. Each aperture is sized for insertion of the hook-shaped ends of a reel hanger member 68 that is affixed to the outer periphery of a flexible tape reel cover band 70 which is releasably secured in enclosing relationship to the parallel circular sides of a reel 71 of tape or the like by a latch unit 72 that is adapted to releasably lock together the ends of the band. Of course the particular form of reel-encircling band used for hanging a reel forms no part of this invention and, for example, the reel hanger member 68 and latch unit 72 may be combined in a single assembly as in the tape reel cover band illustrated in FIGS. 11-14 of U.S. Pat. No. 3,310,178.
Associated with and depending from each rack member 50 is an elongate ejection-assist bar 74 which not only facilitates removal of a selected tape reel from a row of closely spaced tape reels suspended from the rack member but also prevents them from swaying back and forth. Each ejection assist bar is resiliently coupled to and suspended from a rack member by a plurality of fasteners 2 made in accordance with the invention. In contrast to the ejection assist bar shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,310,178, the bar 74 is angulated as shown so as to provide an angled portion 78 and an offset upper portion 80 which extends up in front of the rear wall 60. To stiffen the bar 74 its lower edge is bent to form a flange 76. As an alternative measure the lower edge of bar 74 could be rolled into a round bead.
Connection of the ejection assist bars 74 to the rack members 50 by the fasteners 2 is achieved by providing horizontally elongate rectangular holes 82 in the rear walls of the rack members and keyhole-shaped apertures 84 in the ejection assist bars adjacent the flanges 76. The apertures 84 are formed so that their long dimension extends lengthwise of the bar 74. Additionally the vertical dimension of the smaller portion of each hole 84 is about equal to the thickness of projection 20 measured between the extremities of the two lips 22 (as seen in FIG. 2) but greater than the thickness of the projection 20 measured between lips 22 and the plane of the rear surface 16 of boss 14. The vertical dimension of the larger portion of each hole 84 is greater than the thickness of projection 20 measured between the extremities of lips 22. Accordingly each fastener 2 can be slidably interlocked with ejection assist bar 74 by inserting the projection 20 of the fastener through the larger portion of a keyhole aperture 84 and thus sliding the fastener laterally to locate the projection in the smaller part of the same aperture. The gap between the lips 22 and the rear surface 16 of boss 14 is sized so that it is about equal to the thickness of the bar 74. As a consequence the projection 20 will make a relatively tight fit with the small portion of the aperture 84. Since the projections 20 have flat top and bottom surfaces between lips 27 and the plane of rear surface 16, the sides of the smaller portions of keyhole apertures 84 also are straight edges as shown in FIG. 5A. Of course the projections 20 could be rounded in cross-section. At least one keyhole-shaped aperture 84A is formed so that it extends in an opposite direction to at least one other like aperture 84B (see FIG. 5A). Stated another way, a particular end (e.g. the large end) of one keyhole aperture faces the corresponding end of another like aperture 84. As a result if the fasteners are held fast to a rack member 50, the ejection assist bar 74 cannot be detached by sliding it so as to align the large portions of keyhole apertures 84 with the projections 20 of the fasteners, since at least one keyhole aperture and one projection will cooperate to block movement of bar 74 longitudinally in either direction relative to the rack member.
Attachment of an ejection assist bar 74 to a frame member 50 by means of two or more fasteners 2 is accomplished in two stages. First each fastener is connected to the ejection assist bar by inserting the projection 20 of the fastener into the large portion of one of the keyhole apertures and then sliding the fastener laterally so that the projection 20 interlocks with the small portion of the keyhole slot. In a typical rack at least three fasteners are attached to the ejection assist bar, one adjacent each end and the other fasteners at selected points intermediate the two ends. The next and final stage is to attach each fastener to the rear wall 60 of the rack member 50. This is achieved by bringing the bar 74 close to the rack member 50 so that the tabs 40 of the several fasteners are vertically aligned with the openings 82 in the rear wall 60 and the lower edge of the wall lies between the bevelled surfaces 34 of the spring clip legs 28 and the associated legs 26 of each fastener. Then the bar 74 is forced upwardly so that the spring clip legs are urged apart by the wall 60 and the tabs 40 slide along the rear surface of wall 60 far enough to enter the openings 78. As the tabs 40 slide up along the rear surface of wall 60 the legs 26 and 28 are under spring tension due to the tabs 40 holding the body portions 4 of the fasteners away from wall 60. As soon as the tabs reach the openings 82, the spring tension built up in the legs 26 and 28 urges the leading edges of the tabs to enter the openings. As the bar 74 continues to be forced upwardly the slanted surfaces 42 and 44 of each tab cooperate with the lower and upper edges of the adjacent opening 82 to direct the tab to pass through the opening so that the tab connecting portion 38 extends through the opening (as shown in FIG. 6) and the corner 46 of the tab establishes an interlocking relation between the tab and the upper edge of the hole 82. The resulting connection between the fasteners and the rear wall of the rack member is substantially permanent inasmuch as counteracting forces are produced by the engagement of the wall with body section 4, tab 40, and spring clip legs 26 and 28 of each fastener. If the fasteners are made to adequate tolerances, in most cases they have to be broken in order to be removed from the rack member without use of special tools.
The installed ejection assist bar is held vertical by the fastener 2, yet the latter have enough spring stiffness to tend to resist deflection of the ejection assist bar by a tape reel hanging from the associated rack member. Hence the bar 74 acts as a restraint to stabilize the hanging reels and prevent them from swaying. However, if manually a reel hanging from the rack member is pushed rearwardly with moderate force, its band 70 will engage the bar 74 adjacent to the flange 76 and drive it back. As this is done the tongues 6 of the several fasteners 2 will deflect as shown in FIG. 6 and during such deflection will store energy. Hence if the manual force pushing the reel rearwardly is removed, the fasteners will spring back to their original unflexed state, thereby restoring the bar 74 to its original vertical position and causing the reel in question to swing forward beyond the other hanging reels far enough for an operator to grasp it and remove it from the rack. It is to be noted that no mechanical stops are required to limit forward movement of the ejection assist bar when the selected reel is released; this is because a substantial portion of each tongue 6 overlaps the rear wall and hence the wall itself acts to limit forward movement of bar 74. It is to be noted also that rearward movement of bar 74 is limited by interception of the portion 78 of bar 74 by the lower portions of spring clip legs 28 (see FIG. 6).
It is to be understood that the fasteners may be modified without departing from the inventive concepts without departing from the inventive concepts herein described. Thus, for example, the tabs 40 and apertures 78 may be omitted and the fasteners secured to the rack member by means of a suitable cement. Other modifications will be obvious to persons skilled in the art.
Patent Citations
Referenced by
Original Image


text: Blog "Shadow and Light (for Julian Francis Abele)" Posted July 31st, 2015 By Wendy Hower A complicated story from Duke's history has inspired visiting artist Odili Donald Odita for the wall painting he is creating with three painting assistants this summer at the Nasher Museum. Most of Duke University's campus was designed by architect Julian Francis Abele in the 1920s. He never set foot on campus, however, because of segregation and Jim Crow laws. "With this installation," Odita writes, "I wish to pay attention to the various qualities of action and event in color in the way that Mr. Abele's highly tuned attention to historical detail and his fine sense of texture elevated his… MORE Recent Posts Rodger Belman and Dancers Posted July 23rd, 2015 by J Calwell We hosted Rodger Belman and his Dance Composition students for an open class showing of the… MORE Plow Plant Reap Posted June 29th, 2015 by Nasher Museum The second installment of the 2015 American Dance Festival International Screendance Fe… MORE Table Manners/Stopping at Red Lights Posted June 26th, 2015 by Nasher Museum The first installment of the 2015 American Dance Festival International Screendance Fes… MORE 1234567Next →»


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Video:Learn Japanese: Useful Expressions - Informalwith Dai Ishiguro
Learn Japanese one word or phrase at a time. In this Japanese lesson you'll learn useful expressions for informal occasions.See Transcript
Transcript:Learn Japanese: Useful Expressions - Informal
Hello, my name is Dai Ishiguro for About.com. Today I'm going to teach you informal useful expressions in Japanese.
"Long Time No See" in Japanese
Informal way of saying, "Long time no see," is Hi-sa-shi-bu-ri, Hishashiburi. Informal way of saying, "Long time no see," is Hi-sa-shi-bu-ri, Hishashiburi. Hi-sa-shi-bu-ri, Hishashiburi. Hishashiburi means, "long time no see."
Other Useful Informal Expressions in Japanese
Now, informal way of saying, "Really?" is Ma-ji-De? Maji De is more like, "ah, seriously?" Ma-ji-De? Maji De? Ma-ji De? Ma-ji-De? Maji De?
Maji De is like, "Really?"
The last one, the informal way of saying, "very." is Cho, Cho. Cho is a very new word. Actually high school girls invented this word. Cho means "very," like "very super." It's very casual, so maybe you shouldn't use in an office or something. But cho is very common now in Japan. Cho-o, Cho. Cho-o, Cho is like very, super, Cho.
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Are "Paperless Tickets" Really "Anti-Fan" Restrictions? Growing Practice Among Ticket Vendors Draws Criticism
We believe "paperless" is a misleading term, as it is not the lack of a paper ticket that concerns fans, but the restrictions that are added to these tickets. These tickets are typically nontransferable, or only transferable with the permission of the original seller. This mean consumers who intend to give tickets to friends or family as gifts, or who wish to give away or resell tickets because they can't attend the show, after purchasing tickets up to six months in advance, may be stuck with tickets they cannot use. This is why we refer to them as "restricted tickets."
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As one of Arizona's oldest cities, Tucson has a rich history. From Spanish colonial times to the Wild West, Tucson will celebrate its past with a festival next weekend. Here are places to go on your next trip to Tucson.
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Few hotels are built from the furniture out, but that's the unusual legacy of Arizona Inn.
In 1927, Isabella Greenway, a close friend of Eleanor Roosevelt, founded the Arizona Hut, a custom-furniture shop employing disabled World War I veterans. After the stock-market crash in 1929, Greenway, who would soon be elected Arizona's first U.S. congresswoman, built the Arizona Inn to keep the furniture business viable. The hotel, spread across 14 acres, opened in 1930 and has been run by the Greenway family ever since.
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The dining room is formal but not stuffy and features a cathedral ceiling, fireplace and courtyard. The cuisine, based on French techniques in the 1930s, today is a blend of classic and contemporary dishes. Rates: $299-$579.
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Casa Tierra, a lovely bed-and-breakfast just outside Tucson, is on the edge of Saguaro National Park. Saguaro-rib cabinets, stout ceiling beams, chiminea fireplaces, brick and tile blend seamlessly for a Southwestern look.
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