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Using cancer to fight cancer: The new vaccine
BACKGROUND: Cancer is the general name for a group of more than 100 diseases. Although there are many kinds of cancer, all cancers start because abnormal cells grow out of control. Untreated cancers can cause serious illness and death. Cancer cells often travel to other parts of the body where they begin to grow and form new tumors. This happens when the cancer cells get into the body's bloodstream or lymph vessels. Over time, the tumors replace normal tissue. The process of cancer spreading is called metastasis.
No matter where a cancer may spread, it's always named for the place where it started. For example, breast cancer that has spread to the liver is called metastatic breast cancer, not liver cancer. Likewise, prostate cancer that has spread to the bone is called metastatic prostate cancer, not bone cancer. Different types of cancer can behave very differently. For instance, lung cancer and skin cancer are very different diseases. They grow at different rates and respond to different treatments. This is why people with cancer need treatment that is aimed at their kind of cancer. (Source: American Cancer Society)
VACCINATION NATION : Dr. David Avigan from Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center has developed a personalized vaccine to fight cancer. The goal of the vaccine is to see whether a cancer patient can re-educate their immune system to see cancer cells as foreign, then go after them, attack them, and then kill off the disease. The vaccine fuses a patient's tumor cells with immune-stimulating dendritic cells. The new cells are then injected back into patients in order to reintroduce the entire tumor cell to the immune system so it will see it and go after it.
"We know that cancer has certain unique properties that are recognizable by the patient's own immune system and therefore are potential targets to fight against the disease. But we also know that cancer can find ways to avoid being recognized by the immune system," David Avigan, MD, Director of the Bone Marrow Transplant and Hematologic Malignancy Program at Beth Israel Medical Center and Associate Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School. "The goal of a cancer vaccine is to see whether we can re-educate the immune system to recognize cancer cells as foreign, and attack them in order to eliminate the disease." (Source: Ivanhoe Interview with Dr. David Avigan)
Bonnie Prescott
Sr. Science Writer, Communications
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
If this story or any other Ivanhoe story has impacted your life or prompted you or someone you know to seek or change treatments, please let us know by contacting Andrew McIntosh at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Copyright 2012 by Ivanhoe Broadcast News and KSAT.com. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Nice concept. Woeful song.
When it comes to the tech world, paint-by-numbers pop sensation will.i.am is a bit like dogmuck. He just seems to get everywhere.
The newest venture from the brains behind the Black Eyed Peas to encroach on the gadget fraternity sees the world's first interactive 360 degree music video land on the Apple's iOS devices.
BEP360 is built around the video for their latest single The Time (Dirty Bit). You know that really annoying one that's on the radio every other song? (What do you mean that's every BEP song?) This time, however, there's a bit of a twist.
The difference here is that you can follow the action around the room, by moving your iPhone to the left and right, and even pinching to zoom on a buxom dancing beauty while the video is in progress. Apparently "You are in the party" now too.
The app, supposedly developed by will.i.am (seems like he's a busy fella when he's not trying to pull Cheryl Cole), comes out of his new mobile production company called will.i.apps. Wow, we see what you did there; swapped the 'm' for two 'p's in order to turn 'am' into 'apps'. Brilliant.
Other features of the app see an augmented reality dance show when you point the camera lens at the Black Eyed Peas' album cover art. You can also virtual direct a fashion shoot with the band and of course access the BEP Twitter feed and connect with other fans of the group. Check out the demo video below.
The app is available now from the App Store for £1.79. will.i.buy? No.
Link: will.i.apps

subset: commoncrawl


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Summer is officially here, and along with it traditionally comes a season when many families take time to vacation and be together to rest, regroup and have some fun.
I say "traditionally" because such vacations may be becoming increasingly rare.
There are no legally mandated paid holidays in the United States, but many businesses and organizations do offer their workers paid time off as part of their compensation package.
However, do you know that Americans leave as many as 175 million available vacation days unused in the typical year?
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Topics: Family and Home Tags: family, marriage
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SuperWillow is a Music Generation program. Artists have many influences which they have accumulated over the years by listening to countless pieces of music, this principle is reflected in SuperWillow.4 weekly downloads
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NEW YORK (AP) - A person familiar with the case says former International Monetary Fund chief Dominique Strauss-Kahn and a New York City hotel maid who accused him of trying to rape her have reached an agreement to settle her lawsuit.
The person spoke to The Associated Press on Thursday on condition of anonymity to discuss the private negotiation.
Strauss-Kahn lawyer William Taylor won't comment. Lawyers for the housekeeper haven't responded to messages.
The French newspaper Le Monde, citing people close to Strauss-Kahn, says the parties will meet Dec. 7 in New York to sign a $6 million agreement.
The deal would end a legal saga that forced Strauss-Kahn's resignation as head of the IMF and ended his French presidential ambitions last year. Prosecutors dropped related criminal charges.
The New York Times first reported the agreement.
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MOSCOW — Edward Snowden has found supporters in Latin America, including Venezuela and Nicaragua, who have offered him asylum. But many obstacles stand in the way of the fugitive NSA leaker from leaving a Russian airport — chief among them the power and influence of the United States.
Because Snowden's U.S. passport has been revoked, the logistics of him departing are complicated. Despite making the asylum offer Friday, Venezuela and Nicaragua haven't indicated they would help Snowden by issuing a travel document, which he would need to leave Russia.
The former NSA systems analyst, who is charged with violating U.S. espionage laws, is believed to be stuck in the transit area of Moscow's main international airport after arriving June 23 from Hong Kong.
Russia doesn't appear willing to help him leave the airport, with Kremlin spokesman Alexei Pavlov saying Saturday the issue of Snowden's travel documents is "not our business." On Monday, President Vladimir Putin said Snowden would be offered asylum in Russia if he stopped leaking U.S. secrets. Snowden then withdrew his Russian asylum bid, a Russian official said.
While President Barack Obama has publicly displayed a relaxed attitude toward Snowden's movements, saying last month that he wouldn't be "scrambling jets" to capture him, other senior U.S. officials have used unusually harsh language that they want him back.
White House spokesman Jay Carney said China had "unquestionably" damaged its relationship with Washington for not returning Snowden, who recently turned 30, from semi-autonomous Hong Kong while he was still there.
"The Chinese have emphasized the importance of building mutual trust," Carney said last month. "We think that they have dealt that effort a serious setback. If we cannot count on them to honor their legal extradition obligations, then there is a problem."
China may be reluctant to further complicate its relationship with the U.S. by allowing Snowden back in Hong Kong, even if only as a transfer point to Latin America.
Snowden has asked for asylum in more than 20 countries and many have turned him down. WikiLeaks, which has been helping Snowden, said Friday he had submitted asylum applications to six new countries, which the secret-spilling website declined to identify "due to attempted U.S. interference."
The asylum offers from Venezuela and Nicaragua came one day after leftist South American leaders gathered to denounce the rerouting of Bolivian President Evo Morales' plane over Europe amid reports that the fugitive American was aboard.
Spain says it had been warned along with other European countries that Snowden was aboard the Bolivian presidential plane, an acknowledgement the manhunt for the fugitive leaker had something to do with the plane's unexpected diversion to Austria. It is unclear whether Washington warned Madrid about the Bolivian president's plane.
U.S. officials declined to comment on the grounding of the plane. They said they won't give details about their conversations with European countries, except to say that they have stated Washington's general position that it wants Snowden back.
Snowden, who on Saturday afternoon wasn't on an Interpol list of people for whom international arrest warrants have been issued, had booked a seat on a Havana-bound flight on June 24, but never made it.
Direct Havana flights, operated by Aeroflot from Moscow's main airport five times a week, are the easiest option of reaching Latin America from Moscow. But the Moscow-Havana's travel path passes over mainland U.S., raising the chances of it being grounded. There are other routes, but there is no assurance he'd have free passage.
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SmartClinic Urgent Care invites you to check the list below to see whether your question may be answered here. Please feel free to use the contact form, email, call us or simply visit us.
Frequently Asked Questions of SmartClinic Urgent Care
Do you accept my insurance?
We accept most insurance plans. Contact your provider or contact us if you are not sure. We currently accept the following:
- Advantage IPA
- ADOC(Affiliated Doctors of Orange County, Inc.)
- Aetna
- Allied Phys.
- AltaMed
- Anthem BC
- Apollo
- Avalon
- Bakerfield Famiily Medical Center(Group)
- Blue Cross
- Blue Shield of CA(PPO)
- Caduceus Medical Group
- Caremore Health Plan
- CIGNA/Great West Health Care
- Coastal Communities Physicians Network
- Community Health Plan
- Community Medical group
- Desert Oasis Health Care(GRP/IPA)
- Discount Health Network
- Eastland Medical Group
- El Proyecto Del Barrio, Inc.
- Exeptional Care
- Greater Covina Medical Group
- Greater Sangabriel Valley
- Health Net(All)
- Healthcare LA/ Med. Point
- Healthcare Partners
- Heritage Physician Network(IPA)
- Heritage Provider Network(Regal)
- Heritage Victor Valley Medical Group(IPA)
- High Desert Medical Group
- Lakeside Medical Group
- La Puente Health Center
- Magan Medical Gp.
- Medi-Cal
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- Mission Heritage
- Mission Hospital Affiliated Physicians
- Mission Internal Medical Group
- Nuestra Familia (Regal)
- Pacific Independent Physician Association
- Physicians Association
- Physician Healthways
- PPNI - Premier Provider Network, Inc.
- Preferred IPA
- Prospect(All)
- Rancho Family Medical Group
- Reagal
- Reliant
- Sierra Medical Group
- St. Jude Heritage Medical Group
- St. Jude Affiliated Physicians
- St. Joseph Hospital Affiliated Physicians
- St. Joseph Heritage Medical Group
- TriCare
- United Healthcare and West
- Verdugo Hills Medical Group
- West Covina Medical Group
More insurance carriers will be available in the near future.
I am a Kaiser patient. May I be seen by you?
During the day we will ask you to be seen by your primary medical doctor (PMD). If your PMD is not available, or it is after normal working hours, we will see you and report our findings to your PMD. You may be responsible for charges incurred at your visit.
How do you maintain patient privacy?
We adhere to HIPAA Guidelines, which is a federal law that very carefully protects your private healthcare information. It is our every intention to keep your personal information private. We normally forward information and lab results from your visit to your PMD to assist them in your care. If there some reason you don't want your record sent to your personal physician please let us know.


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Gear Review
Simon Hatfield
The cheapest, but also one of the best
This carabiner is full size, weighs just 42g, yet has a Keylock and is about as cheap as they come. The gate spring is nice and firm, which I prefer, and the carabiner is well made with a nice finish.
I'd totally recommend this.
Simon Hatfield
Addendum: currently, the orange carabiner pictured is not the bent gate variety. Here's a link to Camp's page with an accurate depiction
View More Details on CAMP USA Orbit Carabiner


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Unlocking the Key to Deep Sleep
By Sarah Fenske
Making the Ferguson Commission Matter
By Danny Wicentowski
My Fake Boyfriend Became a Real-Life Crush
By Lindsay Toler
Rep. Jeffrey Pogue Bill Would Ban Unisex Bathrooms
By Danny Wicentowski
Darren Wilson Gives Speech to Nonprofit
By Danny Wicentowski
Angel Stewart and Other Victims of Violence Ask for Mercy
By Jessica Lussenhop
Obama Praises St. Louis' LaunchCode
By Lindsay Toler
By Lindsay Toler
As the meeting drew to a close, it became evident that Officer's venom was not directed at Parks but at the kingmakers who'd anointed the city manager-to-be.
"If you think I've been a thorn in your side up until now," the mayor addressed Powell, Jackson and Russell, "I'm gonna be on you like white on rice, like stink on shit. Whatever I can do to get rid of the three of y'all, I'm gonna do it. Every single breath of my day is gonna be concentrated on getting rid of the three of you from public service."
As the events of the next two months unfolded, Officer would discover that his frustration was shared by two powerful cohorts: the U.S. Attorney's Office and the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
Five dollars and a sandwich is the going rate for vote buying in East St. Louis -- or so it has been alleged by many people, for many years. Political corruption is one of the worst-kept secrets in a city rivaled only by Chicago for its purported capacity to cast votes for dead folks or to make a ballot box disappear.
"East St. Louis has had a negative image since the cowboy days," says nursing-home operator Pat Gibson. "Nothing shocks me anymore."
But even in a town inured to having its elected officials paraded in shackles before federal grand juries, the indictments of January 21 packed an unprecedented wallop.
On that Friday, the FBI apprehended four government employees, including two key department heads, on charges ranging from perjury to conspiracy to kill a federal witness. One of the department heads, police chief Ronald Matthews, resigned shortly after his arraignment. Matthews and his secretary, Janerra Carson-Slaughter, were each charged with obstruction of justice and conspiracy to obstruct justice for their alleged roles in helping a member of Matthews' auxiliary force, a convenience-store owner and ex-con named Ayoub "Dave" Qattoum, illegally obtain a firearm. Qattoum faces the same charges, plus a count of unlawful possession of a firearm. An additional charge of perjury was leveled against Matthews for allegedly providing false testimony to a federal grand jury.
"He's pled not-guilty to all counts and intends to defend himself," says Matthews' lawyer, Stephen Welby, whose client's trial date is May 10.
On March 15 Carson-Slaughter and Qattoum entered guilty pleas to the conspiracy and firearms charges leveled against them; in exchange, the government dropped the outstanding charges. Sentencing is scheduled for June 13.
"Obviously, we want to bring all the favorable information available to the court's attention in support of Ms. Carson-Slaughter," reports Carson-Slaughter's lawyer, Scott Rosenblum.
Qattoum's lawyer, Jim Stern, declined to comment on his client's case.
Meanwhile, the revelation that East St. Louis' auxiliary police force included a convicted felon led to the subsequent dismissal of 22 of the unit's 58 officers, after background checks revealed that they too carried substantial rap sheets.
As serious as those charges are, they pale in comparison to the plight of Kelvin Ellis, the city's director of regulatory affairs. A precinct committeeman and integral cog in the Powell-Jackson political machine, Ellis ascended to his post despite having served 21 months of hard time on a federal extortion charge in 1990, when he was employed as the city's personnel director during the first Officer administration. This time around Ellis is charged with three counts of income-tax evasion and four counts of obstruction of justice -- one of which involves tape-recorded conversations during which Ellis allegedly contracted for the murder of a government informant. (For highlights from the tape transcripts, see "Problem's Over" in the January 26 Riverfront Times.)
That allegation, in turn, sheds new light on rampant but unfounded rumors that Ellis put out a similar hit on former city manager Harvey Henderson, who died in 2002 after mysteriously falling from an overpass. (Illinois State Police classified Henderson's death as accidental.)
Ellis, who is being held in prison without bail, was snared via wiretapped conversations with Deputy Police Chief Rudy McIntosh, who'd offered his services to the FBI as an informant. A little more than a week later, McIntosh, a former undercover narcotics officer who is currently a precinct committeeman and a candidate for East St. Louis township supervisor, was put on paid administrative leave pending a state police investigation into whether he shot and killed Floyd Reese in 1979. (McIntosh, a nineteen-year-old civilian at the time, confirms he was at the scene of Reese's murder but denies having played a role in the unsolved crime, which occurred during an altercation involving a dice game.) The East St. Louis Police Department's internal-affairs unit is also looking into whether McIntosh and three of his fellow officers joined the force without having earned either a high school diploma or GED -- a benchmark requirement. McIntosh says he earned the equivalency degree after being expelled from high school.
Also revealed at Ellis' January 29 detention hearing were allegations that the defendant had been operating a prostitution ring from his office in city hall.
"In all my years of public service, I could never have imagined these allegations against a municipal employee," Officer says of the charges faced by his former director of personnel. "This is a small southern Illinois community. There's no oil here. Yet these boys play politics at a level found nowhere outside of Chicago or New Orleans.
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Courtney Stodden goes surfing in Los Angeles. (March 2012)
Photos: Coleman-Rayner
That's a FLAT ass
Flat as a [surf]board.
Well chew me up and shit me out…she actually looks fairly cute and (gasp) young here.
That face :( Please get eaten by a family of sharks.
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- Overnight Music 12am-7am
Problems & Solutions
Dubois County Humane Society's Pet of the Week 2-10-14
Napoleon is a male Dachshund mix that is approx. 1 year old. He is curious and loving with a very playful, friendly personality. He enjoys being with people and likes to snuggle. He would make a great addition to any family.
Dubois County Humane Society's Pet of the Week for 2-3-14
Jelly is a beautiful 3 mth old calico kitten that is mostly white. Like any kitten she has lots of energy and loves to play, but also loves to snuggle and be loved on. She was brought in with her brother, Peanut Butter, who is also currently looking for his forever home.
Sausage Bread
2 frozen loaves of bread dough 1 lb. mozzarella cheese 1 large green pepper 1 large onion 2 lbs. Italian sausage 1 egg olive oil Brown the sausage in a skillet. Remove the sausage from the skillet and drain. Fry the green pepper and onion in 2 Tbsp. of the sausage drippings. Let the bread MORE >
Potato Pankcakes
4 cups shredded and peeled potatoes (about 4 large potatoes) 1 egg, lightly beaten 3 Tbsp. all purpose flour 1 Tbsp. onion, grated 1 tsp. salt ¼ tsp. pepper cooking oil Rinse the potatoes in cold water and drain well. Place the potatoes in a large bowl. Add the egg, flour, onion, salt, and pepper. MORE >
Spinach Cheese Swirls
1 egg 1 Tbsp. water ½ cup Muenster cheese, shredded ¼ cup Parmesan cheese, grated 1 green onion 1/8 tsp. garlic powder ½ package Pepperidge Farm Puff Pastry sheet, thawed 1 package frozen chopped spinach, thawed and well drained Preheat the oven to 400º. In a small bowl, beat together the egg and water. In MORE >
Build A Basket
Generations' AngelWorx program is sponsoring it's 5th Annual Build A Basket project to help provide for the basic needs of members of the community. Participating is easy! All you have to do is this: Register the number of baskets you're building. You can do this by sending an email to firstname.lastname@example.com or calling 812-888-4527. The MORE >
Toys for Tots Dropoff Locations
The Southern Indiana Leathernecks Detachment / Marine Corps League presents the Toys for Tots Program for 2013. Drop Box Locations: New unwrapped toys may be dropped off in: Jasper: Wal-Mart, Rural King, The Sun Station, Old National Bank – Main Branch, Dollar General- North & South, K-Mart, Walgreens, Nonte Chiropractic, Big Lots, Uebelhor Toyota (mention MORE >
Spaghetti Pie
6 oz. spaghetti 2 Tbsp. butter or margarine 2 eggs, beaten 1/3 cup grated Parmesan cheese 8-oz. container cream-style cottage cheese 1 lb. ground beef ½ cup chopped onion ¼ cup chopped green pepper 8-oz can diced tomatoes 6-oz can tomato paste 1 tsp. sugar ½ tsp. dried oregano ¼ tsp. garlic powder Mozzarella cheese MORE >
St. Vincent de Paul's Friends of the Poor Walk
The St. Vincent de Paul Friends of the Poor Walk will be held on September 28. St. Vincent de Paul in Dubois County as well as Mariah Hill and Dale help families in need in our community. Every day, volunteers help to save families from the loss of their utilities…and even eviction. St. Vincent de MORE >
Annual Goodwill Sale at Carson's
Evansville Goodwill industries has partnered up with the Jasper Carson's yet again for the annual Goodwill-Carson's Sale. Evansville Goodwill's mission is to help disabled or disadvantaged individuals find employment in the community. They also provide transitional housing for homeless families. There are 14 Goodwill retail stores in the Evansville Goodwill's coverage area. The Goodwill – MORE >


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Nevada Commission on Tourism
If it looks familiar, it probably is.
Locomotives from the Virginia & Truckee Railroad — the historic short line that once hauled silver out of the Comstock in Virginia City — have been seen in the movies and on television for decades. Chosen by Hollywood for their classic American look, V&T cars have graced film sets from 1939's "Union Pacific" starring Barbara Stanwyck, to 2011's "Water for Elephants" featuring Reese Witherspoon and Robert Pattinson. They've also rolled through countless B-Westerns and television shows such as "Gunsmoke" and "Little House on the Prairie," helping to shape public perception of the Old West.
See the real deal and learn about the V&T's key role in the Comstock mining boom when you visit the restored V&T railroad, which has depots in both Virginia City and Carson City. Several ride options are available, but those interested in trains and Western history may want to consider the Sisters in History route. Offered from late May through October, the Sisters in History trip takes passengers from Carson City to Virginia City, where they can explore for about three hours before taking the train back to Carson City.
"The V&T is one of the most glamorous short line railroads in American history," said Stephen Drew, a member of the Virginia and Truckee Railroad Historical Society and former curator of the California State Railroad Museum. "It was born of necessity in 1869, and it helped make the Comstock happen."
While the V&T's last train ran in 1950, and the tracks subsequently were pulled up, many of its locomotives were preserved through a quirk of fate. Beginning in the 1930s, Drew explained, Hollywood began using V&T equipment in films and movies because of their classic American look, inadvertently preserving those historic pieces. Today, there are about 30 steam locomotives left in the United States built before 1880, Drew said, and seven of those are V&T locomotives.
"We can thank Hollywood," Drew said.
Credit for the V&T Railroad's reconstruction, however, goes to northern Nevada entities. Bob Gray of the Virginia & Truckee Railroad Company rebuilt the tracks from Virginia City to Gold Hill in the 1970s; and in 2009, the Nevada Commission for the Reconstruction of the V&T Railway extended the tracks from Gold Hill to Carson City, a stretch of about 14 miles.
It's that section of track — from Carson City to Virginia City and back — that the Sisters in History route travels.
Sisters in History ride
"It's an adventure people can't experience anywhere else," said Kevin Ray, project coordinator for the Nevada Commission for the Reconstruction of the V&T Railway. "It does evoke the Wild West."
Passengers embark at the railroad's Eastgate depot in Carson City — about six miles east of downtown Carson City off U.S. 50, near the Carson City landfill. (The original V&T tracks passed through this area, continuing to downtown Carson City.) Settle into one of three passenger cars, which are pulled by steam locomotive on Saturdays and Sundays, and by diesel engine on Fridays.
The ride is slow — the train moves at 1860s-era speeds — but the 1.5-hour trip through rolling desert landscape is narrated by a staff member. Passengers will learn about the Comstock, where silver was discovered in 1859, and the V&T itself, which opened in 1870 with tracks between Carson City and Virginia City. Sites pointed out during the narration include American Flat, a once-thriving boomtown that disappeared; and the Yellow Jacket mine, where a fire in 1869 killed 37 trapped miners. Trains on this route also travel through two tunnels, including one 568-foot passage near American Flat that plunges passengers (briefly) into total darkness.
Travelers disembark at the F Street depot in Virginia City; from there, it's a short, uphill walk to the main street. Visitors have a few hours to explore the town, which is a National Historic Landmark, before returning to the train depot for the ride back to Carson City.
For many, it's a trip back in time on a railroad that symbolizes America's westward expansion.
"The V&T has an incredible following," said Drew, of the Virginia and Truckee Railroad Historical Society. "People in Nevada perhaps take it for granted. But it's a rich resource right in your backyard."
The Nevada Commission on Tourism is a part of the Nevada Department of Tourism and Cultural Affairs. For more on Nevada travel, visit the website www.travelnevada.com.
Breakout box1: If you go:
V&T rides include the Sisters in History round-trip route from Carson City to Virginia City and back , running May through October; a 35-minute historic route from Virginia City to Gold Hill; and various themed rides. For details and to book tickets, see these websites:
For more information on the V&T in general, visit the Virginia and Truckee Railroad Historical Society, www.vtrrhs.org.
Visitors also may be interested in seeing the Nevada State Railroad Museum in Carson City. Open from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Friday through Monday, the museum is at 2180 S. Carson St. Details: 775-687-6953; www.museums.nevadaculture.org.
For information on where to stay in Carson City, see www.visitcarsoncity.com.
For information on where to stay in Virginia City, see www.visitvirginiacitynv.com.


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February 2, 2007
Park City Dispatch. 10.Brian Darr on Protagonist, Hear and Now, White Light/Black Rain and Bajo Juárez, the city devouring its daughters. Everyone should have a documentary film made about them. That's the advice that Iron and Silk author Mark Salzman shared with the audience at the Q&A following Jessica Yu's Protagonist, probably the most structurally ambitious of the 13 documentary features I saw at Sundance this January. Posed with the problem of making a documentary with the great tragedician Euripides as an inspiration, Yu put out a call for people ready to tell their stories of a cathartic awakening that they had been traveling for too long down the wrong path. She found four men, each with a vastly different set of specific life experiences, but tied together by their gifts of eloquence and self-understanding. Despite the use of a set of haunting puppets designed by Janie Geiser as a unifying device, it's difficult to anticipate where the stories of an "ex-gay" minister, a far-left radical terrorist, a bank robber and a martial arts enthusiast (Salzman) are going to go or how they will cohere into a film greater than the sum of its shots. Which makes Yu's achievement all the more satisfying when a thesis emerges: that each of us, no matter how beset by the gods or by our fate, is the protagonist of our own life story. Protagonist, while not really an "issue documentary," is exemplary of a trend toward democratizing that subgenre by devoting the screen to the voices of everyday people affected by a social problem, rather than to academics or other experts. It's easy to admire this trend, especially after viewing a film like Irene Taylor Brodsky's Hear and Now, which focuses its camera on the filmmaker's deaf-from-birth parents adjusting to life with their new cochlear implants which simulate hearing, while any voices of "experts" on this procedure are from the medical establishment and come off as strikingly clueless about what the surgery is like to go through and live with. Brodsky is so good at aligning a hearing audience's sympathies with her subjects, while at the same time encouraging us to question their decision to undergo such a procedure at their stage of life, that I'm a little surprised she didn't have the confidence to screen a fully-captioned version of the film so that deaf moviegoers (who certainly exist in Utah and at Sundance; I saw several people signing a conversation in the lobby of the Egyptian Theatre after a subtitled foreign-language film) could participate in the dialogue around her film as well. Steven Okazaki made White Light/Black Rain [site] to give voice to the survivors of the atomic blasts at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, as they had been left out of so many documentaries on what may be the seminal event of the 20th century. Many of them still visibly scarred by their bodies' reactions to the radiation they were exposed to as children, these survivors have not only been marginalized in the histories of World War II and the atomic age, but have also been stigmatized in Japan as "pika-don" (flash-boom) people unfit to intermingle in the larger society due to an irrational fear of contagion. Hearing in their own words the ordeals they went through to survive the aftermath of the twin bombings is an emotionally overwhelming experience. The continuing controversy over whether the residents of Hiroshima and Nagasaki should be thought of as innocent victims, geopolitical guinea pigs, or civilian casualties necessary to end the war, is never directly addressed. But the message these survivors most desperately want to convey comes through loud and clear: never let it happen again. It is with far more sadness than irony that I note that the day after I saw the film in Salt Lake City, I learned that the Doomsday Clock had just advanced by two minutes to 11:55. Sometimes an important issue is by no means served by an approach that puts aside an investigation of the forest for that of its individual trees. This is a trap that Bajo Juárez, the city devouring its daughters falls into, I'm afraid. It's an unquestionably tragic story: Ciudad Juárez, the largest city found on the opposite side of the river we call the Rio Grande (in Mexico it is called the Río Bravo del Norte), has since 1993 seen the murder or disappearance of hundreds of young women, many of them workers in the large maquiladoras set up in the wake of the NAFTA agreement. Bajo Juárez is made up of interviews with the mothers of these devoured daughters and of some of the poor young men scapegoated by a seemingly indifferent law enforcement structure. It also follows the mothers and their allies as they try to get the attention of President Vicente Fox in Mexico City. But testimonials by the city's fear-stricken residents and fiery clips of a speech by Jane Fonda do not go far enough in helping the uninitiated understand the origins and implications of these crimes. Co-directors Alejandra Sánchez and José Antonio Cordero have some fascinating perspectives to share about the connection between the femicides and the passage of NAFTA in 1993, the complicity of the media, and more, but they only shared them in the Q&A after the film. For whatever reason (fear for their own safety, perhaps?), they decided to leave a comprehensive presentation of facts and theories out of their film, with the result that it remains unsatisfying for those of us not already familiar with the tragic circumstances. I couldn't help but feel that the victims deserve a better film.
Coverage of the coverage: The Park City Index.
Posted by dwhudson at February 2, 2007 8:58 AM
Great choices, Brian. You make me regret even deeper that HBO forbade the SF International Asian-American from screening White Light/Black Rain at this year's festival. I wonder when it will show up.Posted by: Michael Guillen at February 3, 2007 9:27 AM
I understand that it is to air on that channel in August, Michael.
One thing I forgot to mention about White Light/Black Rain: it makes better use of its Mogwai soundtrack than Zidane: a 21st Century Portrait does!Posted by: Brian at February 3, 2007 3:16 PM


text:
At the Sundance Film Festival, two things occur annually. One, celebrities bust out their most stylish and furry cold-weather gear, and two, it's where independent films go to find an audience and a distributor. Unfortunately, not every film that appears at the festival is stellar, and it looks like we can confirm that there's at least one flop to come out of Sundance so far. The Son Of No One, a film starring the power trio of Katie Holmes, Al Pacino and Tracy Morgan (in a dramatic role!), prompted several distributors to walk out before the film had ended and — this is so sad — only one person reportedly applauded when the film ended. (Do you want to bet it was Tom Cruise?)
The film is a crime drama and also stars Channing Tatum, Juliette Binoche and Ray Liotta. Not a bad cast, so now we're actually kind of intrigued to see just how bad it is.
[Photo: Getty Images]


text:
100% washed cotton twill for softness. Map print pockets. Finished bottoms. Machine wash. Imported.
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By Chris
from Knoxville, TN
About Me Casual Dresser
Comments about Jos. A. Bank VIP Take It Easy Pleated Pants:
I wear these pants at my office job where I have to sit for extended periods of time. They are super comfortable, look much nicer than "casual" and hold a ironing crease very well. I wish they were available in more colors that the few they are available in. As a heads up though, whatever size you wear, order one size up. If you're a 34, I would suggest a 35. The length measure true, but the waist seems to be different from my experience.
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
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By chino versus jeans
from Maywood, NJ
These are nice pants for the price, but they should be ordered 1 or 2 inches larger at the waistline because they shrink. I bought several of these and you can definitely see and feel the difference after the first launder. The new ones are much roomier than the washed ones. Just make sure to order a waistline 1 or 2 inches larger. If you normally wear 32" waistline, I would select 34.
Pleated pants
By none
from just outside Columbus, Ohio
Great service and delivery, to my door and no trips to pickup and shop
Service and delivery comments:
yes, yes, yes. Very happy with service and product.
Good quality
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from Manassas VA
Great seller, very fast shipping.
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from New York
Great seller, very fast shipping and good quality pants.
Great casual pants for golf
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from Washington DC
Great pants for the golf course, around the house or a casual evening out.
high quality at super low price
By manshoe
from Chicago, IL
About Me Classic Dresser
These VIP slacks that I purchased are a great fit. As I previously mentioned the price was an offer that I could not refuse. The slacks are well made and the cotton fabric feels very soft.
Excellent quality shocking in fact
By Frisco Frank
from Frisco, Texas
I thought the quality for a online store closing was exceptional -- every pleased
delivery was as desribed -- service was great
very good product
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from brooklyn ny
looks and fit good, nice style
Great value
By t-dog
from mt holly nc
I work in a business casual office. These pants will be perfect for daily wear. I am a 35 inch waist and I am glad these pants come in this hard to find size. They fit true to size. I feel that the quality is above other similar pants that I have purchased at department stores.
Shipping was slow, they arrived six days after I ordered them.
Great looking, great fit, and super pric
By Dave
from Fayetteville, NC
The pants were a great purchase and the price was even better. The pants looked so nice, that I reordered two more pairs.
from Bostic, NC 28018
Stays looking good all day. Easy to iron
Cool and comfortable!
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from Corpus Christi, TX
Great customer service. I just check my email on a daily basis and gets an update on the status of my order. JB have a great online system in place. I am very satisfied with the quality of customer service and the product that I received.
Great deal
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Delivered quickly
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from Benton KY
Decent pant at decent price
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from San Jose, CA
Pretty decent pant. Delivered in a reasonable amount of time.
The delivery was within good time frame.
nice producct would buy it again
By Do H.
from OC,CA
For every day use.It is very comfortable.
Looks Chubby for the sizes
By Zack
from Jacksonville, FL
This pants make an average size guy like me becomes a fat legs guy! Very loose and chubby looking pants, decent comfortable, but not good looking at all.
Bottom Line No, I would not recommend this to a friend
comfortable but not pleated.
By rlm
from Red Lodge, MT
Always been happy with JAB, but paid extra for durable pleat and it is barely noticible. One has to wonder what the regular pleat looks like.
By SHADI
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Nice pants, great price!
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great fit, high quality, insanely cheap price with FREE SHIPPING. i'm still stunned i got this deal. will be back for sure.
this is a great pair of pants
By Johnnie
from near Philadelphia, Pa.
I wore these pants to an outdoor casual affair and received a few inquires on my slacks. Most were surprised when I Told them they came from Joseph a Banks. I am pleased with both pairs.
Pure cortton, lot of wrinkles
By Peace
from columbia, SC
Not bad. Quality is avarage compare to similar products.website images are not clear when slecting the colors.
Good buy
By Ray, the Dresser
from Bakersfield, Ca
About Me Trendy/Stylish Dresser
I am a fan of Pleated dress pants n alwayts wear them. This was a good price for a quality pants.
Definately will buy this product again
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from NYC
The quality and size requested is perfect.
Great Panttsand excellent service.
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Quality product and ease of ordering. Extremely fast delivery.
Very good quality pants. Soft feel.
By Faye
from Indiana
Bought three pair for my husband and he loves them.They can be worn casual or a little dressy. He has done them both. Great fit. He likes the pleats because being a small size, it makes him look a little fuller.
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Two days from placing my order,in my home.If you know your size, you should not have a problem ordering. I put theses pants on out of the box. I cant say enough about comfort and fit.When you come across a sale like this, how can you go wrong. I see these pants in my wardrobe for a while. The classic style and comfort will not fade as some of my other pants.
I would by this product again
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I like order from Jos.A.Bank.Delivery is swift, items highest quality and attractive sale prices. The item as usual perfect like other items I ordered from you.
Nice casual pants
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I wear the pants for everyday use. They are soft and comfortable.
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text:
A system and method of allocating orders in an exchange configured for trading by a combination of electronic and open-outcry trading mechanisms is provided. One method includes permitting multiple quotes to be disseminated to the market, but limiting market making to only those entities having a physical presence on the floor of the exchange. Methods of enhancing the hybrid electronic and open-outcry exchange also include automatically eliminating crossed quotes and locked quotes while permitting certain orders to trade against locked quotes.
1. A method of routing orders for derivatives in an exchange having both real-time screen-based trading and open-outcry trading capabilities for a derivative, the method comprising:
receiving, via a computer workstation, electronic orders at a derivatives trade engine;
concurrently receiving, via an exchange electronic quoting device, at the derivatives trade engine and in open-outcry, quotes generated by a plurality of market makers for a particular derivative, wherein the plurality of market makers are physically present on the trading floor;
determining, via a trade processor, whether at least a portion of the electronic orders qualify for immediate execution according to a first order routing rule or open-outcry trading according to a second order routing rule;
automatically allocating, via the trade processor, a portion of the electronic orders from the derivatives trade engine for immediate execution based on the determination according to the first order rule;
automatically allocating, via the trade processor, a portion of the electronic orders from the derivatives trade engine to a trading floor for open-outcry trading based on the determination according to the second order rule; and
automatically routing, via the trade processor, any remaining portion of the electronic orders to an electronic order book after the allocation of electronic orders for immediate execution and open-outcry trading.
2. The method of
wherein market makers, permitted to disseminate quotes, disseminate quotes by entering a quote electronically into the exchange electronic quoting device.
3. The method of
wherein the market makers, permitted to disseminate quotes, also disseminate a quote by public outcry on the trading floor of the exchange in response to a request for a quote.
4. The method of
further comprising allowing a broker/dealer physically present on the trading floor to place electronic orders for immediate execution while denying access to placing electronic orders for immediate execution to any broker/dealer not physically present on the trading floor.
5. The method of
further comprising sending an electronic order from an ICM that did not immediately execute to the electronic order book while sending an electronic order from a non-ICM that did not immediately execute directly to the trading floor.
6. The method of
wherein the exchange manages a plurality of classes of derivatives, each of the plurality of classes of derivatives associated with an underlying asset.
7. The method of
wherein the underlying asset comprises one of a stock, a bond, a note, a future, an exchange traded fund, an index or a commodity.
The present invention relates to the trading of securities or derivatives, such as options or futures. More particularly, the present invention relates to an exchange system and method for concurrent trading of securities or derivatives through both electronic and open-outcry trading mechanisms.
The introduction of electronic trading mechanisms into exchanges for securities and derivatives has been steady and relentless. The desire for immediacy of order execution and dissemination of information is one reason for the steady switch to electronic mechanisms. The simple fact that trading volume is growing, with the accompanying need for an increasingly efficient trading environment, also favors the move toward electronic trading mechanisms.
Electronic exchanges, while efficient and immediate, do not necessarily supply the liquidity available in traditional, open outcry trading environments. One reason for this is the very efficiency that electronic mechanisms bring to an exchange. The speed with which trading takes place can adversely affect market makers by exposing them to unwanted risk. For example, if movement in the underlying security needs to be reflected in the options market, rapid response times are necessary. Communication delays can prevent market makers and others from changing their quotes or orders fast enough to reflect market conditions, thereby leading to smaller quote sizes to reduce the risk. Also, electronic exchanges generally cannot match the price improvement capabilities of an open outcry exchange where floor brokers and market makers can handle large and complex orders face-to-face.
Accordingly, there is a need for an exchange system and method that can address the drawbacks of electronic exchanges.
In order to address the need for improvements on electronic trading mechanisms, a trading platform is disclosed herein that provides efficient and instantaneous electronic executions at the national best bid or offer (NBBO) along with the opportunity for price improvement.
According to a first aspect of the invention, a method of allocating orders for the purchase or sale of options contracts in an exchange configured for trading options contracts by a combination of electronic and open-outcry trading mechanisms is provided. The method includes comparing an incoming order to orders maintained in an electronic database and matching and executing the incoming electronic order against an order resting on the electronic database if the order resting on the electronic database is from a public customer in order to maintain public customer priority. The system then determines the allocation percentage of any remainder of the incoming electronic order among market participants having quotes or orders matching a price of the incoming electronic order by calculating a participation component and a pro rata component for each market participant. The remainder is then distributed for execution by multiplying the determined allocation percentage for each respective market participant by the amount of the remainder.
In another aspect of the invention, open outcry trading is merged with electronic trading in a method of trading derivatives in an exchange having both real-time screen-based trading and open-outcry trading capabilities. The method includes receiving electronic orders for derivatives and allocating a portion of the electronic orders for immediate execution if a portion of the electronic order qualifies for immediate execution according to a first order routing rule. The exchange allocates another portion of the electronic orders to a trading floor for open-outcry trading if the portion of the order qualifies for open-outcry trading according to a second order routing rule. Remaining portions of the electronic orders are placed in an electronic database after the allocation of electronic orders for immediate execution and open-outcry trading. The exchange also permits multiple quotes to be disseminated for a particular product, but only allows market makers physically present on trading floor of the exchange to disseminate quotes.
According to another aspect of the invention, a method of trading derivatives in an exchange is provided where orders for derivatives are collected and placed in an electronic database. The exchange identifies a new quote order from a first market participant, where the price in the new quote matches a respective price in an order resting in the electronic database from at least one of a public customer and an in-crowd broker/dealer. The exchange removes at least a portion of the order in the electronic database, delays automatic execution of the quote against the order, and starts a timer. The exchange reports a market quote indicative of execution of the portion of the order while delaying automatic execution. Before the expiration of the delay timer, the exchange will allow other market participants to share in the order if the other market participants can match the price. The exchange then allocates the order between the market participants at the expiration of the delay timer. In one embodiment, the market participants must be physically present on the floor of the exchange.
According to yet another aspect of the invention, a method of trading derivatives in an exchange is provided to address instances of locked quotes between market makers. The exchange detects a locked quote between a first market maker and a second market maker at an electronic trade engine. Automatic execution of these quotes against one another is delayed and a delay timer is initiated. The locked quote is disseminated to the exchange and permits execution of certain orders against the locked quote. The exchange notifies the first and second market makers of the locked quote after a notification. In one embodiment, only public customers may trade against the locked quote. In another embodiment, the market makers must be in-crowd market participants. In another alternative embodiment, the exchange may detect a crossed quote between first and second market makers and automatically widen the quote spread of one of the two market makers so that the market maker quotes lock.
A system and method for trading securities, such as securities options is described herein. The trading mechanisms and rules described are based on providing incentives or limitations to particular classes of individuals or entities who are involved in trading at an exchange. For purposes of this specification, the following definitions will be used:
Broker/dealer=person or entity registered to trade for itself and/or on behalf of others at the exchange.
Public customer=person or entity, who is not a broker/dealer, trading on their own behalf through a broker/dealer or firm registered to trade at the exchange.
Firm=entity employing persons who represent the firm, or the firm's customers, on the exchange, such as market makers, floor brokers, broker/dealers, or other industry professionals.
Market maker=professional trader registered to trade at the exchange who is required to provide liquidity to a market, for example through streaming quotes for both a bid and an offer at a particular price.
Designated primary market maker (DPM)=market maker designated by the exchange to be responsible for a fair and orderly market, and to provide continuous quotes, for a particular class of options.
Floor broker=individual who represents orders from others in a trading crowd on the floor of an exchange.
Market participant=any person or entity that can submit orders or quotes to an exchange.
In-crowd market participant (ICM)=floor broker, market maker or designated primary market maker physically present on the floor of the exchange.
Non-in-crowd market participant (non-ICM)=market participants who are not physically present on the floor of the exchange.
Class of options=all series of options related to a given underlying security, where the underlying security may be, for example, publicly traded stock of a company.
Orders may be entered into the ORS 12 from remote member firm systems 14, from member firm's booths 16 physically located at the exchange system 10 and from market makers 18 present on the trading floor of the exchange. The member firm systems 14 may be located remotely from the geographical location of the exchange and use any of a number of standard land-line or wireless communication networks to direct orders electronically to the ORS 12. The member firm systems 14 communicate with one of several interfaces or protocols for transmitting their orders to the ORS 12. Examples of suitable interfaces are those using a distributed object interface based on the CORBA standard and available from the Object Management Group. Interfaces such as financial information exchange (FIX), which is a message-based protocol implemented over TCP/IP available from FIX Protocol, Ltd., or other known securities transaction communication protocols are also suitable protocols. In some instances, orders may even be made by telephone calls or facsimile transmissions directly to the booths 16 of member firms at the exchange. Orders submitted from a booth 16 at the exchange may come from a booth entry and routing system (BERS) 20 or a booth automated routing terminal (BART) 22.
The BERS 20 is a computer workstation that provides firm staff members at the booth with an entry template and a graphic user interface with a number of function buttons arranged on the display. Orders entered at the booth through BERS 20 typically consist of orders that were telephoned to the booth and orders that were wired to member firm-owned house printers in the booth. The orders entered through BERS are entered manually by booth staff using an order template and graphic user interface on the workstation. Generally, an order entered at BERS 20 will be routed to the ORS 12. Member firms, however, may specify that a particular order entered through BERS be routed to the BART 22 device. The BART 22 device, sometimes referred to as the "electronic runner," allows member firms to maintain more control over their order flow. BART 22 allows each firm to customize certain ORS 12 parameters to route a certain portion of their order flow to the firm booth. For example, firms may instruct ORS 12 to send certain orders directly to their booths 16 based on the size of the order.
As with the BERS 20, BART 22 may be implemented on a touch-screen workstation located in the member firm booth. The BART 22 operator at the booth may electronically forward orders to desired destinations. Potential destinations for these booth-routed orders are the ORS 12, the electronic trade engine 24 in communication with the ORS 12, or the public automated routing (PAR) system 26 used by the floor brokers at the exchange. The PAR system 26 may be implemented as a PC-based, touch-screen order routing and execution system accessible by floor brokers on the floor of the exchange. The PAR system 26 terminals allow a floor broker to select an order from the workstation and receive an electronic trading card on which the floor broker may enter trade information such as its volume, price, opposing market makers, etc. When a floor broker completes a card, the floor broker can then execute a trade electronically with the touch of a finger on the touch screen interface. The PAR system 26 then transmits the completed order, also referred to as a "fill," back to the ORS 12. The PAR 26 may be a fixed workstation or a mobile workstation in the form of a hand-held unit.
Market makers 18 on the floor of the exchange may enter quotes and orders via electronic devices, such as hand-held market maker terminals (MMT) 28. The MMT may be any of a number of electronic hand-held devices capable of communicating with the electronic trade engine 24 and ORS 12 through an application programming interface (API) such as FIX version 4.2 or CMi, an API available from Chicago Board Options Exchange, Incorporated of Chicago, Ill. An example of a suitable handheld device is the Fujitsu Stylistic 3500 available from Fujitsu Ltd. of Tokyo, Japan.
As illustrated in
When a trade is completed, whether on the floor in open outcry and entered into PAR 26 or automatically executed through the electronic trade engine 24, the fill information is sent through the electronic trade engine 24 and ORS 12. ORS 12 passes the fill information to the member firm systems and to a continuous trade match (CTM) system 38 which matches the buy side and sell side of a trade which, in turn, forwards the matched trades to the Options Clearing Corporation (OCC) 40, a third party organization that will verify that all trades properly clear. The electronic trade engine 24 also sends quote and sale update information through an internal distribution system 42 that will refresh display screens within the exchange 10 and format the information for submission to a quote dissemination service such as the Options Price Reporting Authority (OPRA) 44.
Utilizing the system described above, a hybrid trading system retaining the benefits of traditional floor-based open-outcry exchanges and incorporating the efficiency of traditional electronic trading systems may be implemented. One preferred way of maintaining the availability, and associated liquidity, of open-outcry floor trading is to restrict market maker status to individuals who have a physical presence on the trading floor of the exchange, or entities that have a representative physically present on the trading floor of the exchange. Market makers are specific exchange members making bids and offers for their own account in absence of public buy or sell orders in order to spur the market and provide liquidity. In one embodiment, the electronic trade engine 24 receives all quotes and identifies the source of the quote before allowing the quote to trade with, or be placed on, the EBOOK 34. This filtering is preferably accomplished by verifying specific market maker identification information embedded with quote information, for example through appending a unique acronym associated with the market maker to an order, or by only accepting quotes from market maker terminals identifiable as on the premises of the exchange. In one implementation, each market maker is logged into the exchange such that every communication from the market maker to the exchange will be identified based on the login information associated with that market maker.
In addition to permitting entry of quotes from market makers physically present at the exchange over their market maker terminals, a market maker must also orally provide a quote in response to an oral request for a quote on the floor. By maintaining the restriction that all quotes disseminated at the exchange must originate from the floor, individuals or entities who wish to take advantage of market maker status will be available on the exchange floor and maintain more opportunity for handling particularly complex or large volume orders, and provide the opportunity for price improvement over electronic orders.
Referring again to
When an order is received at the ORS 12, ORS 12 determines whether it qualifies for routing to the electronic trade engine 24. The ORS 12 examines both the order size and price. If the order price is at the market, it may be sent directly to the electronic trade engine for immediate execution. However, each order is also screened based on a two-tier order size analysis. First, the exchange may set a default auto-execution limit such that any amount of the order exceeding that size limit will be routed to the PAR system 26 for open-outcry trading on the floor of the exchange. Second, even if some or all of the order is within the exchange default size limit, each firm or broker may have a separate customized routing instruction that takes precedence over the exchange limit so that some or all of the order that would qualify for auto execution will be routed else where. For example, the firm or broker from whom the order originated may have previously instructed ORS 12 to have their orders routed first to their booth 16 for more detailed handling.
After passing through ORS 12, the trade processor 30 checks to see if the incoming order is immediately marketable against orders and quotes resting in the EBOOK 34. If the order price on the incoming order to buy or sell matches a counterpart offer to sell or buy on the EBOOK 34, then the order is considered marketable and the trade processor 30 looks at the matching rules database 32 to determine allocation of the incoming electronic order among the various counterpart quotes and orders on the EBOOK 34. According to a first method, as illustrated in
If the incoming order does not match a price of a public customer order in the electronic book 34 and a single market participant is at the disseminated BBO, that market participant's quote is entitled to receive the incoming order up to the size of the market participant's quote (at 54, 56). If the size of the incoming order was such that a portion remains after execution against the market participant's quote, that remainder may be routed to the EBOOK 34 (at 57). In other embodiments, as discussed in greater detail below, the act of a new in-crowd market participant quote or order at the electronic trade engine 24 hitting a non-ICM order will first trigger a temporary trading freeze to allow other in-crowd market participants to submit orders or quotes within a predetermined time period at the same price of the original in-crowd market participant at the BBO and, if in that time period quotes and orders come in having some volume greater than the volume of the incoming electronic order, then that electronic order is allocated among the in-crowd market participants according to a matching algorithm. In yet other alternative embodiments, automatic trading of new public customer orders that are only matched in price by one resting in-crowd market participant order or quote may be delayed a short period to allow other in-crowd market participants to bid or offer. If no additional quotes or orders are submitted at the BBO within the limited time frame of the quote trigger, then the lone market participant quoting at the BBO is entitled to the entire order. In other embodiments, the method of freezing a trade and permitting other in-crowd market participants to obtain a portion of a trade may also be utilized in exchanges operating with screen-based, electronic trading only, without an open-outcry trading floor. In these other embodiments, any market participant quote or order may invoke the quote trigger procedure outlined above and then any subsequent market maker quote or order arriving within a preset time period may take part in the execution against the order.
Referring again to
Another example of a priority overlay that may be implemented alone or in combination with the other priority overlays and procedures described herein is a priority for a designated primary market maker (DPM). The DPM overlay may be implemented as a specific percentage of an order being reserved for the DPM prior to allocation among the remaining in-crowd market participants. When used in combination with overlays for public customer priority and market turner priority, the DPM priority may be taken after the execution of any booked public customer orders that can trade with the new order but before the market turner priority. In other embodiments, the DPM may be allowed the greater of the fixed percentage they would receive from the order under the DPM priority or the percentage of the order they would get under a matching algorithm, described below, if the DPM quote was pooled with the remaining in-crowd market participants competing for a portion of the order. Any of the priority overlays described above may be used individually, in any combination, or turned off altogether.
The matching algorithm may include any of a number of criteria. In one embodiment of the matching algorithm, the electronic trade engine 24 allocates incoming orders to the multiple market participants quoting at the same price based on a parity factor and a pro rata, or depth of liquidity, factor calculated for each market participant. The parity factor of the matching algorithm treats as equal all market participants quoting at the relevant BBO (at step 60). Thus, if there were four market participants quoting or bidding at the best price, each would be assigned 25 percent for the parity component of the matching algorithm. Viewed in conjunction with the pro rata factor of the algorithm, the parity component of the algorithm provides incentive to market participants to quote at a better price than their competitors even though they may have a smaller quote size than other market participants quoting at the BBO.
The second component of the matching algorithm rewards those quoting larger sizes at the best price by providing the market participants a pro rata component based on the percentage of the volume of that market participant's quote size with reference to the sum of the total of all quote sizes at the best price (at step 62). For example, if the disseminated quote represents the quotes of market makers x, y, and z who quote for 20, 30, and 50 contracts respectively, then the percentages assigned under the pro rata component are 20% for x, 30% for y, and 50% for z. The parity and pro rata components are weighted, in one embodiment, by averaging the percentage that is derived for each of these components. The final allocation is then determined by multiplying that average by the size of the incoming order available. In one embodiment, the matching algorithm described above produces the following equation:
Other weightings of the components may be used in other embodiments to change the balance of the parity and pro rata components. Additionally, the matching algorithm described above may be tailored to provide additional weight to certain classes of market participants by reducing the parity weight allocated to a particular type of market participant. For example, in one embodiment, market makers may be given preferential treatment by allowing each market maker to receive a full participant share when adding up a number of participants quoting or bidding at the best price, while diminishing the parity share for broker/dealer market participants through lumping all broker/dealer market participants together as a single participant for purposes of the matching algorithm. In one embodiment, all non-market maker market participants are collectively considered one participant for purposes of the matching algorithm. In alternative embodiments, each of a plurality of separately recognized market participant relationships, other than market makers, may each be considered as a separate market participant for purposes of the matching algorithm. In one embodiment, only in-crowd market participants are eligible for allocations. In yet further embodiments, only in-crowd market makers will receive a full participant share when calculating allocation of the order through the matching algorithm.
An example of a trade executed using the public customer priority and matching algorithm with parity and pro rata components is provided below. If an incoming order from a public customer to buy 200 option contracts at $2.00 each arrives at the electronic trade engine 24, the trade engine checks to see what orders and quotes are available to execute against this incoming order. In this example, orders resting on the electronic book 34 to sell include: two public customer orders to sell 50 contracts each at $2.00, three market maker quotes each with offer to sell at $2.00 in volumes of 10, 40, and 50, respectively; and five broker/dealer orders for 20 contracts each at $2.00. The public customer orders resting on the electronic book, a total of 100 contracts, are immediately executed against the incoming order which reduces the remaining incoming order volume to 100 contracts.
Assuming no other overlay preferences are being used, these remaining 100 contracts are allocated according to the matching algorithm. First, the electronic trade engine calculates a parity component. Assuming that broker/dealer participants are reduced in weight by considering all of them together as a single participant for purposes of the matching algorithm, their are four participants, where the three market makers each are a full participant and the five broker/dealers are lumped together as a single market participant. This results in the parity component of 25 percent for each full market participant and 5 percent for each of the broker/dealers who qualify as a partial market participant in the matching algorithm. Accordingly, each of the broker/dealers would have a 5 percent parity component and a 10 percent pro rata component (each of the broker/dealers having the same volume in this example) resulting in an overall allocation of 7.5 percent of the remaining 100 contracts or 7.5 contracts. In the case of fractional contracts resulting from an allocation calculation, a time priority may be implemented to round up the allocation of contracts to broker/dealers who bid or offer at the best price first and to round down number of contracts allocated to those who bid or offer later so that integer number of contracts are exchanged. With respect to the three market makers in this scenario, each receives a 25 percent participation component and a 5, 20, and 25 percent, respectively pro rata share components which, when weighted in a straight average results in an allocation to the market makers of 15, 22.50 and 25 shares allocated, respectively, to these three market makers. In instances such as this, where there are fractional allocations between classes of market participants, a rounding up or down may be randomly allocated to achieve a whole number distribution of contracts consistent with the order size. Alternatively, the inter-class fractional allocation may be corrected based on first to order or quote.
In the hybrid exchange environment described, where electronic, screen-based trading and manual, open-outcry pit trading are interconnected, the ability of multiple market makers on the floor to stream quotes for dissemination to the market on the same particular product may lead to quote interaction such as quote locking or crossing. A quote "locks" another quote when the bid price of an in-crowd market maker's quote matches the offer price of another in-crowd market maker's quote. As shown in
After expiration of a complete lock period, which includes the initial notification period, any quotes still locked will automatically trade against each other (at step 76). In one embodiment, if more than one incoming quote locks an existing quote, the time period will not be restarted for the original locked parties each time a new incoming quote is entered. In other embodiments, a new delay timer specific to each new quote that locks against already locked quotes may be implemented to allow each new market maker the same period of time in which to revise their own quote as the initial locked pair.
Incoming quotes will be executed against resting quotes according to the matching algorithm described above and, if an incoming quote locks against more than one resting quote, that incoming quote will also be allocated among the resting quotes using the matching algorithm allocation described above. In one embodiment, the notification period, which is the period after locking within which a notification is sent to each of the locked quoting parties, is one second. The lock period, which is the total period in which the market maker quotes are kept from trading against each other, may be ten seconds. In other embodiments, these preset time periods may be adjusted to suit the specific needs of the exchange. Preferably, the lock period and notification period are monitored and applied at the electronic trade engine 24 based on the matching rule instructions 32 maintained in the electronic trade engine 24.
An example of a locked market scenario handled according to the method described above is as follows (where MM1 and MM2 refer to first and second in-crowd market makers):
If MM1 sends a quote of 1.00-1.20 100�100 (bid-offer bid volume�offer volume) at 9:05:00 and MM2 simultaneously sends a quote of 0.95-1.20 200�200, the disseminated quote is at 1.00-1.20 100�300. If, ten seconds later at 9:05:10, MM3 (a third market maker) sends in a quote at 1.20-1.40 50�50 the quotes from MM1 and MM2 lock with the quote from MM3 so that a disseminated quote is published at 1.20-1.20 50�300. One second later, at 9:05:11, a locked market message is sent to each of MM1, MM2 and MM3. Assuming that none of the market makers decide to change their quotes, 50 contracts will be traded at 1.20 and allocated among MM1 and MM2 through the matching algorithm described above (assuming equal weighting of the parity component and pro rata components, of 21 contracts to MM1 and 29 contracts to MM2, at 9:05:20. Following execution of the 50 contract trade, the quote disseminated to the market would be at 1.00-1.20 100�250. In one embodiment, if the resting market marker quote is removed from the book prior to expiration of the lock period, the later, incoming quote will be restored to its original value. Similarly, if the resting quote and incoming quote lock, and a trade occurs between the two quotes leaving remaining volume to be traded in the incoming quote, the incoming quote will also be restored to its original value.
In some instances, market maker quotes may cross during trading. A crossed quote occurs when the bid of a one market maker's quote is higher than an offer of another market maker's quote. For example if MM1 has a quote resting on the EBOOK 34 of 1.20-1.30 and MM2 later comes in with a quote at either 1.05-1.15 or 1.35-1.45, then the quote are "crossed." A crossed quote, if disseminated to the market, would show a bid price that is higher than an offer price, for example 1.35-1.15. This situation is generally considered unacceptable to an exchange because market makers trading with each other will remove liquidity from the market and because crossed quotes set up a perfect arbitrage. Because of these problems, crossed quotes are not disseminated. In one embodiment, referring to
Numerous variations of market maker quotes locking or crossing, mixed with on-going receipt of orders from customers to execute against the bid or offer of the resulting locked quotes, may be handled according to the methods described above. In one embodiment, the notification and lock period used for locked quotes will be the same as those used for crossed quotes. The locked market notification message will be sent to in-crowd market participants in crossed quote situations and locked quote situations. In other embodiments, the quote locking and crossing procedures described above may be used in electronic-only exchanges where all other specific classes of market participants, such as all market makers, will invoke these procedures.
In another embodiment, an additional trading mechanism may be implemented to foster and encourage participation in trades by temporarily restraining execution of an in-crowd market participant quote that arrives at the electronic trade engine 24 that is marketable against a resting order on the EBOOK 34 that is not from an in-crowd market participant. The purpose of the temporary restraint on execution is to allow a preset grace period within which other in-crowd market participant quotes or orders maybe submitted at the best price represented by the new in-crowd market participant quote. Advantages of temporarily restraining this type of trade included encouraging more in-crowd market participants to quote at the best price and the removal of any communication or computer hardware advantage among the in-crowd market participants. In one embodiment, delaying execution of the resting order consists of delaying allocation of the resting order.
One embodiment of an implementation of this quote trigger mechanism is illustrated in
During the hold period, any other in-crowd market participant quotes orders that would also be marketable against the original resting order are gathered and the resting order volume at the current best price will be further reduced, if any still remains in the book (at step 94). At the expiration of the hold period, the accumulated in-crowd market participant quotes and orders are traded against the resting orders (at step 96). If the size of the resting order was greater than the size of the sum of the in-crowd market participant quotes and orders, each of the quotes and orders would execute fully against the resting order. If the size of the resting order is less than the sum of the in-crowd market participant quotes and orders, the resting order is allocated among the quotes and orders according to the matching algorithms discussed above. The electronic trade engine will then send fill reports of the executed trades to the ORS 12 for distribution to the appropriate source of the quotes or orders involved.
In order to provide a market and control the opening trades in the hybrid exchange 10 described above, a market opening procedure may be implemented that varies from the steady-state trading mechanisms described above. In the context of a hybrid exchange for securities options, opening takes place after the market for the underlying security is underway. Opening, in the securities option exchange, is considered to last for the period of time it takes to calculate an opening price. The electronic trade engine 24, utilizing start-up rules stored in its matching rules 32 database, will publish an expected opening price (EOP) and an expected opening size (EOS) to the market through the various APIs supported by the exchange. The EOP is updated as pre-market conditions change.
In one embodiment, the opening procedure starts when the opening trade for the underlying security is received. The electronic trade engine 24 will then start a timer and move into an opening rotation state. In the opening rotation state, the EOP and EOS are calculated based on size and prices of orders and quotes received prior to opening of the market and disseminated to DPMs and market makers. After the timer expires, the electronic trade engine 24 will look to see if a valid quote has been submitted by the DPM for each series of options. If valid quotes exist, the market will proceed to open. If a DPM has not entered a valid quote, the electronic trade engine 24 will not proceed to opening, thereby allowing a DPM to delay the opening process if necessary. When there is an imbalance between buy and sell orders at opening, a matching algorithm is applied. The matching algorithm may be as described above or it may be some other algorithm, for example a first in first out (FIFO) algorithm. In one embodiment, as with any of the algorithms and procedures described above, the exchange may control opening procedure algorithm choice by class or series and by day so that a variety of combinations of procedures may be implemented for a particular class or series of securities options on any given day. In one version of an opening procedure, quotes will immediately trade against quotes and no quote locking delay will be implemented.
As has been described above, the hybrid exchange system merges electronic and open outcry trading models while at the same time offering certain market participants the ability to stream electronically their own quotes. Incoming electronic orders from public customers and certain types of broker/dealers that execute against market participants' quotes will be allocated to the best quoters pursuant to a trade matching algorithm. This trade matching algorithm retains public customer priority and rewards in-crowd market participants pursuant to a formula that balances the concepts of quoting at the best price with providing liquidity at the best price. The ability to stream electronic quotes combined with the ability to receive electronic and instantaneous allocations of incoming orders will reward in-crowd market participants that quote at the best price and may have the attendant benefit of tightening the exchange's best disseminated quote.
The disclosed hybrid exchange system and method also retains the benefits inherent in a floor-based, open outcry exchange. Order entry firms will continue to have the ability to have their floor brokers walk into a trading crowd and request markets on behalf of their customers. Trading crowds may continue to offer price discovery to orders of size, complex orders, and other orders that are exposed to the open outcry, auction market environment. Additionally, the hybrid exchange system and method enhance the automatic execution capabilities of broker/dealers. For example, non-market maker broker/dealers have the same access to the electronic execution features as public customers in designated classes. This allows eligible broker/dealers (e.g. non-ICM broker/dealers) to receive more automatic executions of the orders they route to the exchange.
Also, the disclosed hybrid exchange system and method "opens the book" to certain types of broker/dealer orders. In one implementation, broker/dealer orders are only permitted access to an autoexecution feature that allows for immediate electronic execution of orders routed to the exchange. For example, certain broker/dealer orders will be eligible for placement into the EBOOK 34 against which they may be executed electronically. Broker/dealers may also electronically access the EBOOK 34 (i.e., buy or sell the book) in eligible classes. This feature will allow for the automatic execution of broker/dealer orders against resting limit orders in the book, whether they are public customer or broker/dealer orders in the book.
Although the system and methods described herein preferably relate to a hybrid system incorporating and involving active participation from a trading floor and a screen-based electronic trading crowd, many of the procedures described may be applied to an exclusively electronic, screen-based exchange that does not include floor based, open-outcry trading. As will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art, mechanisms for the priority overlays, quote crossing, quote locking, matching algorithm and other features described above may all be modified for application to electronic-only trading. For example, by altering several of the rules relating to which market participants may obtain the benefit of these procedures from in-crowd market participants to other combinations of market participants, an improved electronic marketplace may also be achieved.
It is therefore intended that the foregoing detailed description be regarded as illustrative rather than limiting, and that it be understood that it is the following claims, including all equivalents, that are intended to define the scope of this invention.
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The Price of Power: America since 1945
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- Brief Synopsis:
- The author reviews the events and crises that have marked postwar history--the Yalta and Potsdam conferences, the Berlin airlift, the Eightieth Congress and Truman's election, the Hiss case, the collapse of Nationalist China, the McCarthy hearings, the atom and hydrogen bombs, McCarthy's "retirement," and Eisenhower's first election.
- Long Synopsis:
- Book Quality:
- Excellent
- Book Size:
- 200 Pages
- 9780226009377
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- Date of Addition:
- 01/22/13
- Copyright Date:
- 1957
- Copyrighted By:
- The University of Chicago
- Adult content:
- No
- Language:
- English
- Categories:
- Politics and Government, Educational Materials, History, Nonfiction
- Submitted By:
- Worth Trust
- Proofread By:
- Worth Trust
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Life Coaching
Are you seeking for breakthroughs and desire to move forward in the pursuit of your goals and dreams?
Our Biblical Life Coaching will help you overcome obstacles and piece together some practical strategies to get from (a) where you presently are to (b) where you really want to be in life!Read more
Life Coach Training
Do you have a passion to help others experience breakthroughs in their thinking, values and life purpose?
Our Biblical Life Coach Training will equip you with the skills you need to become a Professional Life Coach and help others get breakthroughs in life from a Biblical perspective.Read more
Coach Training Academy
Are you looking for a good and solid curriculum to obtain Certification as a Professional Life Coach?
Renato & Patrizia Amato have been endorsed to train professional Life Coaches by Daryl & Janet Daughtry, founders of the Life Breakthrough Coach Training Academy.Read more
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Sign up today and you will enter in a Stress-Free and Cordial Environment where you will be treated like family and will be equipped to live your best life and help others do the same!Read more
Dear Renato, I want to thank you for your excellence as a Christian coach trainer! Through my years of experience as a coach and minister, very few have impacted my career such as you. Your wisdom has catapulted my coaching ministry! It's people like you who encourage me to push beyond my believed limits, and excel on the wings of Christ.
Janice Baca, RN, BSN, LBC, Author, Speaker, Destiny Coach www.JaniceFBaca.comJanice Baca, RN, BSN, LBC, Author, Speaker, Destiny Coach
"Gusto, passion, zeal, zest – in short: enthusiasm! That's what I think of my coach training administered by Renato. He taught me the fundamentals of life coaching and I appreciated his encouragement for my abilities and his support toward my course progression. I also admired his curricular know-how and technical skills enabling me to attend a team of multi-cultural students from the Gulf of Mexico to the Black Sea. Your training enriched my life, Renato. I intent to enrich the life of others building on the zest you imparted. Thank you!"Dorothea Rudolph (Germany), LB Coach,
Dear Renato and Patrizia, Thank you so much for this exellent Life Breakthrough Training Course. I have done a lot of studies, researches and trainings in my life, but this is exceptional! Here I experience love and commitment for a better world, for people be healed, to support them to find their way in more freedom. Thank you so much. May the Lord bless you abundantly evermore.Dr. Sybilla Matzenauer (Switzerland), Life Breakthrough Coach
Renato has been gifted to teach and open the doors of our greatness through Biblical Coach Training. He is certified with the Master's touch to help us open intellectual, emotional and spiritual doors of light. While I've had experience in coaching development for some time, nothing has touched me more than listening to the hearts of others in this course. You will invest deeply in your life and be a greater blessing to others by enrolling in our Master's coach training with Renato and his wife Patrizia.Ben Stewart (US), Life & Leadership Coach
Thank you Renato, for your good job as our Life Coach Instructor. I must say that I really enjoyed this course and that it was very valuable for me. Previously I took a secular Life Coach course that helped me grasp a bit of the principles of coaching, but I must say that Biblical Life Coaching is much more in line with my way of thinking and that here I learned much more. Also, the clarity of the lessons imparted was very good. Thanks again Renato, for making this course available to us!Gloria Cruz (Spain), Certified Life Coach


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Servers for United Way
November 01, 2008
Terre Haute, IN (November, 2008) Terre Haute Regional Hospital has a long history of serving the Wabash Valley.
On Dec. 8 members of the administration and leadership team of the hospital will give a whole new meaning to service.
They will be at Beef O'Bradys', located at 2309 S 3rd St, from 4 pm to 8 pm on Dec. 8 to be of service to the customers.
This event will be a fundraiser for another organization who knows about service, the United Way.
Located at 3901 South 7th St. in Terre Haute, Terre Haute Regional Hospital is a 278-bed community-based hospital. Regional Hospital is an organization dedicated to its Mission, Values and Vision and is committed to providing quality, individualized patient care to the communities we serve. Today, the hospital offers the latest expertise and technology in areas including emergency services, cardiology, outpatient imaging, and surgery. Fully accredited by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, Terre Haute Regional Hospital looks forward to continuing to serve its friends and neighbors and growing with the community.


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SUN LAKES, Ariz.— Republican presidential candidate Mitt Romney drew an enthusiastic, standing-room-only crowd to a retirement community here where he held forth for more than an hour on issues ranging from immigration to Social Security to a potential vice presidential candidate. He had a few pointed observations to make about his chief rival in the GOP race, Texas Gov. Rick Perry.
On Social Security, Romney was quick to attack Perry's positions. "I don't call it a 'Ponzi scheme,'" he said referring to Perry's controversial sobriquet for the popular retirement program. "We need to make it more solvent," Romney added, "but not by giving it back to the states" – another idea that Perry has floated. His audience in this Phoenix suburb reacted appreciatively. He also suggested that Perry has created a "magnet" for illegal immigration by okaying college tuition breaks for children of illegal immigrants in Texas.
Asked whether he would consider someone from the tea party as his vice presidential running mate, Romney remained non-committal but thrilled the crowd by not ruling out the possibility. "I will pick someone who could be president," he said. "I will pick someone with wisdom and judgment"
And in another that seemed designed to evoke an empathetic response from seniors in the audience, Romney said he's running for president because he wants to fix the economy for his grandchildren – joking that he wants to will them his entire estate, skipping over his sons.
At least 450 people were seated in the hall where Romney spoke and several hundred more stood in the aisles of the Oakwood Clubhouse ballroom in suburban Phoenix. The GOP hopeful took about a dozen questions. One came from 11-year-old Courtney Thom.
She told Romney she is worried her Christian school will be closed and that she will be beaten up in public school, which she didn't want. The room full of grandparents swooned and swiveled their heads, and Romney quickly responded "Well, I wouldn't want that either!"
Thom's parents, undecided voters, said they took her out of school early to bring her to the event. The youngster said she couldn't believe she got to quiz a presidential candidate. "I was like wow," she said. "I was just amazed that I was the one questioning him!"


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May 19, 2011
RANCHO SANTA FE, Calif. - Cal State Northridge senior Nick Delio fired an opening round (-2) 70 on Thursday and is tied for seventh with 36 holes yet to play at the NCAA West Regional at The Farms G.C.
Delio, competing as one of 10 individuals at the San Diego Regional, won the 2010 NCAA Southwest Regional as an individual at Carlton Oaks G.C. in Santee, Calif.
On Thursday, Delio opened the front nine with birdies on No. 1, No. 3 and No. 5 and had pars on five other holes before a double-bogey seven on the par-five ninth left him at one under-par 35.
The senior from Valencia, Calif., quickly responded by making birdie on the first two holes on the back nine to move to three under-par. But bogeys on holes 12 and 13 caused Delio to slip back to one under. After making par on the next four holes, he birdied the par-five 18th to finish one under-par on the back nine and two under-par for the day.
"Other than the mishap I had on No. 9, I played really well today," said Delio. "I drove it consistently long and straight and hit a lot of great wedge shots. I'm pleased with my play in round one."
Delio is currently tied with four others at two-under 70 and trails individual leader Jeffrey Kang of USC (66) by four shots. Dylan Frittelli of Texas and USC's Steve Lim are tied for second at four-under 68 while a trio of golfers share fourth-place at three-under 69.
The second round is scheduled for Friday, May 20 with the final round on Saturday, May 21.
The Farms G.C.
Rancho Santa Fe, Calif.
1. Jeffrey Kang, USC 31-35--66 (-6)
2. Dylan Frittelli, Texas 33-35--68 (-4)
2. Steve Lim, USC 34-34--68 (-4)
4. Patrick Cantlay, UCLA 32-37--69 (-3)
4. Derek Ernst, UNLV 34-35--69 (-3)
4. Mat Miller, San Francisco 34-35--69 (-3)
7. Rodolfo Cazaubon, North Texas 34-36--70 (-2)
7. Nick Delio, Northridge 35-35--70 (-2)
7. Cody Gribble, Texas 36-34--70 (-2)
7. Matt Schovee, SMU 35-35--70 (-2)
7. Manav Shah, San Diego 35-35--70 (-2)


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If it was your super sweet 16 again, and you could have anything in the world, we know it would be a live performance by Jay-Z and Kanye West at your party. Although if you're anything like us your parents would probably call in a magician, tell you it was pretty much the same thing, save themselves a lazy million or so, and call it a day. But not the parents of a little girl in Dubai — proving that money is no object in their daughter's happiness, some unnamed Arab billionaires paid Jay and Yeez £1.9 million each ($2.9 million) to perform at her 16th birthday party, held just before Christmas. Now that we know the Watch The Throne duo do private parties, we're going to start saving all our pennies to see if we can collectively raise enough to have them perform for us!
Jay-Z and Kanye West earn almost £4 million for playing 16 year old's birthday bash [NME]
[Photo: Getty Images]