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In this course, author and educator Chris Mattia demonstrates how to use the Apple iBooks Author application to create and publish your own ebook, without extensive design or publishing experience.
Follow along with Chris as he assembles, refines, and publishes a dynamic and engaging ebook for distribution on the iPad using the iBooks app. The course demonstrates the process of adding all of the components of a dynamic ebook, including engaging text, images, audio, video, 3D models, and dynamic web content. It also shows how to customize the iBooks Author interface and leverage built-in templates to produce a beautifully designed and polished ebook. The course wraps up with a review of the iBookstore publishing process.
Now let's add an interactive image into our Explore California Travel Guide. If you're following along, I'm on page 30 in the Nature Watch section. First, let's begin by making a little room for our widget. We'll get rid of this image that we added earlier by simply clicking on the image and then hitting the Delete key on our keyboard. That will get rid of the image altogether. Next, let's add our widget. To do this, go up to your Toolbar and click on the Widget dropdown menu and select Interactive Image. An Interactive Image Widget object appears on our page and our Widget Inspector is automatically opened for us.
We can then change the object to a Floating object and simply drag it into place using our alignment guides to help us get the alignment correct. Next, we'll go ahead and add our image. I've included a folder called Interactive Image files in the Chapter 10 exercise files. And in there, you should find an image called chiton.jpg. Go ahead and take that image and simply drag it and drop it directly on to our object. We can then click back inside of iBooks Author and begin customizing our widget. The first thing we want to look at is over here on the Widget Inspector.
Let's go ahead and check the box that says Show Transport Controls. Now, the Transport Controls are down here at the bottom and they allow our users to be able to easily navigate among the various different views of our document. It's a great way to work, so I like leaving this option this available to my users. The next option in our Widget Inspector is the ability to show descriptions in a sidebar. Now, right now we've got the view set in the default view which has these small text bubbles that are linking to the image. When we check the box that says Show descriptions in the sidebar, the descriptions that were in the bubbles are now appearing in this sidebar.
This is a nice effect in a lot of different layouts. However, in my layout, I'm going to go ahead and leave this option unset and use the Default view. And speaking of views, let's go ahead and turn our attention to the views next. Then let's start with the Default view. Go ahead and click one time on the Default view in the View section of the Widget Inspector. And then let's adjust the zoom of our image using the heads-up display that appears here on screen. We can simply drag the slider to zoom our image in or out. I'm going to go ahead and set my image zoom down to about 25%.
When I get the image set the way that I wanted, go ahead and click the blue button that says Set View. This locks the view into place. Next, we'll go and do the same thing for the other points of interest. We'll go ahead and select the first view, adjust the slider to the appropriate level of zoom, we can even click inside the image and drag around until we get the image centered exactly where we want it. You can grab the text bubbles and move those to a desired location, and you can grab the end of the line so that you can point it to a particular point on the image that you want to highlight.
Once you get everything locked in place, go ahead and click the Set View button in your heads-up display. Then go ahead and change the text starting with the Title. Go ahead and triple-click on the text to select it, and we'll name this object The Fuzzy Chiton. We'll next edit the Description by triple- clicking on the text there and type in a description. I'm going to type in the Fuzzy Chiton gets its name from the tuffs of hair that grow around the outer edges of its body. Once you get the text entered in, you can then apply styling to the text if you'd like.
I'm going to go ahead and triple- click on my text then let's go ahead and minimize the size of our window and open up our Style sidebar. With our text selected, I'll go ahead and apply a character style of emphasis. This allows the text to show up a little bit cleaner. I don't like the wrapping of the text in the bottom of this window, so I'll deselect and then use the grabber handle to adjust the width of the text box. All right, our first view is fully set. Now, let's go ahead and deal with the second view. To do this, go ahead and click in the second view in the View section of the Widget Inspector, and once again, we'll zoom out our view, we'll move our text bubble to where we want it, and we'll adjust the pointer so that it's pointing at the object that we want to call attention to.
In this case, we want to call attention to the snail over here. I'll go ahead and drag my view around, keep making adjustments until I'm happy with the way things are looking. That's looking much better. All right, let's go ahead and lock that in by clicking the Set View button and then edit our text. Again, I'll triple-click on the title, and this time, I'll simply type in Snail. With the text description, I'll triple click on the text to select it and then enter in Small intertidal snails are at home under the water or on the land. Once you have your text typed in, go ahead and triple-click on the text again, and if you want to apply a character style, go ahead and do that now.
I'm going to apply the Emphasis style to my text. And once again, I'll deselect, and then adjust the width of my text box so that I get a nice wrapping of text. I once again click the Set View button, and now everything is all set for our second option. Let's go ahead and add a third view. To do this, I'm going to start by clicking on the Default view over my Views window to zoom out to the full area of my image. I'll then go ahead and click the Plus button at the bottom of the View section to create an additional view. I'll go ahead and move that view down to the bottom so it appears as the third view.
I'll then select the third view. I'm going to move my text first down here to this lower area and then grab the pointer and move it down here into this area. For this portion of the image, I'm going to have to zoom in quite a bit. So I'll zoom in, pan my image over, and what we want to see are these two small little crabs that are right here on the rock. They're really hard to see unless our image is zoomed in pretty far. So we will go ahead and zoom in, and move our thought bubble, and move the text level until it's in place. Now, we can go ahead, lock in our view by clicking the Set View button, and then edit our text. We'll begin with the Title.
So we will triple-click on the title, and this time we'll type in Glass Crabs. We'll then triple-click on the text description to select it, and we'll type in Glass Crabs are small intertidal crabs. Once again, we can apply the Character Style format by triple-clicking on the text description and then clicking on the Emphasis Style to apply it. Now that we have everything set the way that we want it, we can go ahead and close our Styles panel and re-maximize our window. Things are looking pretty good here, so we'll go back to the Default view and check and see how everything is looking. All right, our page is looking pretty good.
The next thing you'd want to do is click on each of the views and at the bottom of the Widget Inspector, click the dropdown menu under Accessibility Descriptions and add some more detailed information for the screen readers. So we'll go ahead and select Image for Default view under the Background setting, and we'll type in Photograph of a common intertidal zone in California. We can then select each of our different views and check the Label Title, Description, and Target, and make sure that the text appears for each of those as to what we want to have said for our screen readers.
Finally, we'll go ahead and click on the Layout tab of our Widget Inspector to improve a couple of more changes in our layout. We'll make sure our Title label is set to Figure so that matches all the other Figures throughout our Explore California Travel Guide. We can choose to add a caption if we would like. In this case, I'm going to go ahead and select the caption. I'm going to move my heads-up display and then triple-click on the text to select it and type in Common intertidal invertebrates found along the California Coast by our explorers. I'll also go ahead and edit my Figure title, by clicking on the title, selecting the text, and typing in a description for this image.
We'll type in Intertidal Invertebrates for the title. Finally, we'll go ahead and check the box for background color, and then with our object selected, we can go ahead and change the fill color to something that make it stand out a little bit more on our page. All right, there we go. Things are looking pretty good. When we deselect, we go out to the Default view and everything is set up for us. Now, when our users come to our page they'll be able to click on each of the different views and get detailed information about that view. The Interactive Image Widget is a great tool for adding a lot of detailed information about a particular image.
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text: Darrelle Revis is most well-known for being a shutdown cornerback who can reduce the league's best receivers to also-rans when matched against them. But he also has a reputation for being a player who will go to great lengths to get paid what he believes he is worth. That includes a contentious 2010 contract holdout that caused him to miss most of training camp. The ensuing deal eventually proved insufficient, leading to this week's trade to Tampa Bay because the Jets weren't confident they could re-sign him after the season.

subset: commoncrawl


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UCM Animal Care and Use (IACUC)
The University of Central Missouri's (UCM) Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) is dedicated to the humane care and use of animals in activities related to research and teaching conducted at UCM. The IACUC is guided by federal regulations and ethical principles intended to ensure the humane care and use of animals in research and teaching. All research and teaching involving vertebrate animals that is conducted or authorized under the jurisdiction of UCM is subject to review by the IACUC.
The Strategic Positioning Platform for Scholarship at UCM - This document represents the value of student-centered scholarship as defined by the research committees at UCM. By using scholarship, students at UCM are "Learning to a Greater Degree".
The Process
1. Consult with Dr. Lankford or Mr. Metcalf for guidance in completing applications also known as protocol forms
2. Applications are submitted by the Principal Investigator to the IACUC through the community group on Blackboard. Go to the community tab using either the Organization Search or Organization Catalog modules. Once located, click the drop down next to the IACUC and select Enroll.
Go to the application tab and find the application type you are submitting. Attach the application as well as materials including letters of permission if needed. Student researchers are to email their advisor a copy of the application. You will see your submission posted in the gradebook.
3. Complete CITI Training with these requirements prior to approval.
(If you are not currently enrolled in courses but are working on your thesis, please contact the Graduate School to enroll in GRAD 5001. This will give you Blackboard system access.)
Protocol For Animal Use and Care (Field Project Form)
Protocol For Animal Use and Care (Lab)
Special Considerations
Meeting Schedule, Membership and Operations
Tentative meeting dates: The third Thursday of October (10/16/2104), February (2/19/2015) and May (5/21/2015) each year at 4pm in Morris 310.
Members of the IACUC Committee
Reporting Concerns for Animal Research
Reporting Concerns for Animal Research - The UCM IACUC recommends that concerns related to noncompliance first be discussed with one's supervisor, since many instances can be corrected within the research team. Alternatively, the IACUC Compliance Officer may be contacted at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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This past Sunday I had six hours of "Carousel" rehearsal beginning at 1:00pm. I was feeling a little rough because I had just returned from a two day trip to the Chicago area at 10:00pm Saturday night. I had to get up Sunday and begin the process of getting ready for my first ever professional head shot session, before rehearsal, so that I wouldn't have to leave rehearsal for any longer than absolutely necessary to get ready. My shoot was the last scheduled of the fifteen appointments over the three day weekend, which was just before the photographer had to fly back to NYC. The Music Theatre Department arranges for this wonderful photographer to come take head shots for all of the MT sophomores. I was told by my director that they would do their best to work around me, at Carousel, though he wanted me to use my time efficiently. There was no way I was going to spend a big chunk of my own money on photos and not take some care in getting ready for the shoot, though. The only head shots I have ever had were taken by a photographer friend of mine, who does beautiful work. They were fine, but I have changed a lot in the two years since they were taken, as at that time I was only seventeen.
Ben Meadors, who lives in NYC but has strong ties to Cleveland, is the photographer who I met with Sunday. I was originally to have outdoor photos taken on the beautiful Baldwin Wallace campus, but I received an email Saturday while I was still in Chicago, that due to the weather forecast, I should drive to University Heights to meet him at the Joseph McCullough Center for Visual Arts where he had rented some studio space. I was disappointed as I really wanted to do the shoot outside and having my university as the back drop would have been more meaningful, but I can't control mother nature. Also this added a half hour drive to my already tight schedule that day. My appointment was from 4:00 to 5:30 so I left about 3:15 and headed to the Art institute. We had a great shoot indoors and he even took some fun dance shots just for kicks, although I don't usually dance ballet in jeans. Ha! Ben was a nice laid back artsy kind of guy and the shoot was really enjoyable. As it turned out that day, Carousel was dismissed an hour early so I didn't have to make it back to rehearsal after all. As I was finishing this blog today my un-retouched proofs were posted in an online album, so I am going to bravely snitch a random one to post with this blog. Thanks Ben Meadors!


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Another sports athlete is diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes.
Denver Broncos quarterback Jay Cutler has been diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes, his business manager Marty Garafalo confirmed Thursday night.
The 25-year-old Cutler found out about two weeks ago that he was diabetic and needed daily insulin injections, Garafalo told The Associated Press.
He said Cutler was managing his disease and "in no way is his football career jeopardized."Some 21 million Americans have diabetes, meaning their bodies cannot properly turn blood sugar into energy. Either they don't produce enough insulin or don't use it correctly. With the Type 1 form, the body's immune system attacks insulin-producing pancreatic cells, so that patients require insulin injections to survive.
Read the full ESPN article.
[phpbay]jay cutler, 24486[/phpbay]


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When the London Knights have a team on the ropes, they rarely whiff.
They have a tendency to finish series off as soon as possible.
Not since the 2007 OHL post-season's second round — they dropped games three through six to the Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds, before winning the series in seven — have the Knights lost when trying to clinch a series on the first attempt.
In series where they've taken strangleholds, owning either a 3-0, 3-1 or 3-2 series lead, London simply does not lose the next time out. They've won nine straight in those scenarios.
Win No. 10 could come Friday night, as the Knights welcome the Plymouth Whalers to Budweiser Gardens for Game 5 of the Western Conference final.
London has a 3-1 advantage following road wins in games three and four, both at a 6-4 clip.
"I think we've got a lot of character in the room, guys who know what it takes to win big games," said London forward Seth Griffith, who has 12 points in 13 games in his third OHL playoff run.
Through four contests, the London-Plymouth series has featured a copious amount of drama.
Perceived missed calls, a dominating hat-trick, multiple comebacks, thrilling overtime action, a fined coach — you name it, it's probably happened already.
The Knights best players — Griffith, Bo Horvat, Max Domi, Scott Harrington and Alex Broadhurst — have performed admirably. Secondary guys, like Nikita Zadorov, Remi Elie and Chris Tierney, are carrying their load, too.
Slamming the door in Plymouth's face, though, won't be easy. Game 5 will undoubtedly be a dogfight.
"I think everyone realizes how big it is to close off a series (on the first try)," Knights overager Tyler Ferry said. "It is tough to do, especially against a team like Plymouth because they're not going to back down. It's a race to four, not a race to three."
All eyes will be on Whalers goalie Alex Nedeljkovic. The 17-year-old was yanked in Game 4 after allowing four goals on London's first 11 shots.
Ferry feels London's persistence, and more specifically the 122 pucks fired at the Whalers net in the opening three games, finally paid off.
Knights injury update
- Forward Josh Anderson (day-to-day with an undisclosed injury) — left in the third period of Game 4 due to soreness; coaches say he is probable for Game 5
- Forward Matt Rupert (day-to-day with a lower body injury) — skated by himself Thursday, albeit without full equipment; coaches say a Game 5 return is doubtful
Rupert staying out of trouble in playoffs
What's more impressive: Ryan Rupert's current seven-game point streak, or the fact that the pest has accrued only six penalty minutes all playoffs?
Probably Option B — although the London Knight's consistency on offence is commendable as well.
Suspended twice in the regular season and apparently learned, Rupert has noticeably calmed down. Those bans came in the wake of a verbal confrontation with an official (three games) and a blatant check to an opponent's head (10 games).
In 13 playoff games so far, the 18-year-old has been assessed just a single undisciplined penalty, an unsportsmanlike conduct minor on Wednesday. During last year's post-season, the Toronto Maple Leafs draft pick picked up 31 penalty minutes in 19 contests.
"I guess I've learned over the years," said the forward from Grand Bend, cracking a smile.
Rupert, far from big at 5-foot-9 and 190 pounds, says he's been consciously using his stick for only legal maneuvers lately. Aside from a hooking call in Game 5 versus the Kitchener Rangers, he's shied away from unnecessary stick work.
"It's just a smarter way to play, I think," said Rupert, who has recorded six goals and five assists in the post-season. "You can't be in the box in the playoffs, especially against the Plymouth Whalers, who have a good power play."


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Management of Laparotomy Wound Dehiscence
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Background and Purpose: The study reports experience with the recently commercially available V.A.C.® Abdominal Dressing System, a system designed for a temporary closure of an open abdomen situation under negative pressure. The method allows a late primary fascial closure after laparotomy in...
- Crohn's Disease and Wound Healing. WALLACE, SOPHIE // Journal of Stomal Therapy Australia;Jun2014, Vol. 34 Issue 2, p18
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- Management of a complex abdominal wound: a case study. Tay Ai Choo; Ong Choo Eng // Wound Practice & Research;Sep2011, Vol. 19 Issue 3, p118
The management of complex abdominal dehiscence can be most challenging, especially when the challenge is compounded by a need to manage high fistulae output. This case study outlines the innovative management of a complex abdominal wound in a 56-year-old Chinese female. The patient had multiple...
- SPONTANEOUS COLOSTOMY: APPLICATION OF NEGATIVE PRESSURE THERAPY (NPWT). // World Council of Enterostomal Therapists Journal;Oct-Dec2011, Vol. 31 Issue 4, p22
An abstract of the article "Spontaneous Colostomy: Application of Negative Pressure Therapy (NPWT)," by Emilia Mateo and Immaculada Davin is presented.
- Latrogenic splenic injury: Prevention and treatment. Sharma, Dhananjaya // Indian Journal of Surgery;May/Jun2004, Vol. 66 Issue 3, p146
Offers information on iatrogenic splenic injury, a complication associated with abdominal surgery. Anatomy of the spleen; Types of splenic injury; Risk factors for iatrogenic splenic trauma; Ways to prevent iatrogenic splenic injury.
- Mesh repair for postoperative wound dehiscence in the presence of infection: is absorbable mesh safer than non-absorbable mesh? van't Riet, M.; de Vos Steenwijk, P. J.; Bonjer, H. J.; Steyerberg, E. W.; Jeekel, J. // Hernia;Oct2007, Vol. 11 Issue 5, p409
In patients with postoperative wound dehiscence in the presence of infection, extensive visceral oedema often necessitates mechanical containment of bowel. Prosthetic mesh is often used for this purpose. The aim of the present study was to assess the safety of the use of non-absorbable and...
- Trauma abdominal «cerrado» en niños. Experiencia en 24 niños. Fuentes-Rivas, Adolfo // Revista Mexicana de Pediatria;sep/oct2011, Vol. 78 Issue 5, p192
The surgical findings in 24 children with abdominal trauma are presented the average age of the injured patients was 9 years, six were women and 18 men, most of them were injuries by common cause was motor vehicles accidents in 12, 8 of them had splenic injuries followed by liver injury in 6....
- HOW TO SUCCEED WITH WET-TO-DRY DRESSINGS. Chang, Lana Fourshee; Chang, Lana Foushee // RN;Jan79, Vol. 42 Issue 1, p63
Presents guidelines for nurses on applying wet-to-dry dressings. Function of wet-to-dry dressings to debride the wound; Step-by-step guide to proper procedure; Selection of the right type of solution used to soak the dressing. INSET: WET-TO-DRY DRESSINGS: Step-by-Step guide to proper....
- Secondary wound dressings: an evaluation of Alldress. Gray, David G.; White, Richard; Russell, Fiona; Cooper, Pam J. // British Journal of Nursing;9/26/2002, Vol. 11 Issue 17, p1157
Describes the management of cases where Alldress was used as secondary wound dressing. Clinical and cost implications; Comparison with alternative dressings; Level of clinical performance required to administer the dressing.


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Paul Pierce is playing more like Ray Allen this season
Nov 25, 2012, 1:31 PM EDT
Maybe the answer to the question "how are the Celtics going to replace Ray Allen?" was always there, we just didn't expect it.
How about a little Paul Pierce.
If you've watched some Celtics games this season you have seen Pierce, a shot creator for most of his career, working more off the ball coming off picks. Chris Forsberg of ESPNBoston.com went to Synergy Sports and looked up the numbers.
This is the percentage of Pierce's shots that came from him coming off a screen:
2009-10: 5.5%
2010-11: 9.5%
2011-12: 14%
2012-13: 22.1%
With that, the percentage of his shots that have come as a pure spot-up shooter and the shots he has had to create for himself in isolation are both at four-year lows.
Pierce also is scoring 1.02 points per possession coming off screens, which is a good number.
Pierce is not exactly 25 anymore, so the key is to get him good looks that he doesn't (or in some ways can't) get anymore the way he did for much of his career. Boston has found that, and while not Ray Allen numbers (35 percent of his shots came off screens last year) this is a great alternative.
- geneatals - Nov 25, 2012 at 2:42 PM
He's getting more shots. JT is finding his way also, just need to figure out defense and rebounds. Offense is not the problem with this squad.
- lakerluver - Nov 25, 2012 at 5:44 PM
Boston loses to Detroit by 20 and then beats OKC. That team is as schizophrenic as "you know who". Holy paulhargis53 (crap), what kind of team are you Boston?!!
- j0esixpack - Nov 25, 2012 at 8:34 PM
Credit where credit is due to the Lakers. They're not schizophrenic.
They're just consistently bad.
- bozosforall - Nov 26, 2012 at 2:04 AM
Only one game behind the Puh C's, without their two top point guards. Meanwhile, the Puh Cs have Rondo but are still struggling. As Saul, joesuxdix shows what a know-nothing he is.
- j0esixpack - Nov 26, 2012 at 7:18 PM
The more rational response from you should have been to note how ironic it is for any Lakers fan to point fingers about schizophrenic and inconsistent play
But then again, for a homophobic gay-basher who likes to wear clown make-up, maybe that's just too close to home
- doublezero74 - Nov 25, 2012 at 6:54 PM
No excuses losing to a bad Detroit team, but the reason they let that happen was it was their 4th game in 5 nights and their 7th in 10 nights overall. Second half of a back to back on the road and they didn't have legs. Still they could have played harder and won. Younger teams like the heat , bulls and OKC this prolly wouldn't happen to, but it did the older celts. So I wouldn't put too much stock into that Detroit loss
- misterdreamer119 - Nov 25, 2012 at 11:27 PM
Pierce has that old man game down.
- scalfor3 - Nov 25, 2012 at 11:53 PM
He obviously doesn't carry the offense nearly as often now, but Pierce still gets in those "truth" zones once in a while during which he can score as ruthlessly as anyone
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In Jase Robertson's book Good Call: Reflections on Faith, Family, and Fowl he opens up about his love of frog hunting, how he let go of any bitterness he had against his father Phil and the fact that he and his wife Missy were virgins on their wedding night!
He admitted that their wedding night was hardly the romantic affair that's shown in movies.
"It was shame free, it was guilt free. It was disease free. There was a lot of positives and we laughed because we just laughed at ourselves. We really didn't know what we were doing. I didn't do any research. I went frog hunting the night before. That was my bachelor party. My older brother Alan, he tried to give me the birds and bees speech. I was like, 'I got the basic concept. But I'm kind of excited to explore this together. My wife hates how I describe it . I felt like I was playing that game Operation, that game you play as a kid, like at any moment, beep!
"You don't even know what you're doing and I wouldn't even call it that pleasant! The process is fun and exciting. We've never had a problem in that area as far as sex and intimacy. I've been married 23 years. Of all the problems that have come up, that has not been one and I think it's because we built that foundation and it's something we view as good, clean, God sanctioned fun for us to enjoy together. But we also keep it in the proper perspective. It's just a part of our marriage but it's not the part that makes it work great. It's just kind of the gravy and the benefits, the way we view it."


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Preserving the Past, Informing the Future
|Skip Navigation Links
Born at Durham, Ct., March 24th, 1761; educated at Yale College, where he graduated in 1779. While a student, when the British forces took and pillaged the town of New-Haven, he was wounded and taken a prisoner. From 1781 to 1783 he was a tutor in Yale College. He studied law with Charles Chauncey, Esq., afterwards a judge of the superior court; was admitted to the bar in 1783; and immediately commenced practice in New-Haven, where he has ever since resided. In May, 1795, he was a representative from that town in the General Assembly, and continued such, by semi-annual elections, until December, 1799, when, by the suffrages of the freemen of the State, he became a representative in the Congress of the United States, filling the vacancy made by the resignation of John Allen, Esq. He was also reelected a member of the succeeding Congress. He served until February, 1801, when he appointed, by President Adams, collector of the port of New-Haven, and resigned his seat in Congress. From this office he was removed, by President Jefferson, in July, 1801, on the ground of a difference in politics. In October following, he was returned, by the freemen of New-Haven, a representative from that town in the General Assembly of this state; and was reelected for both the sessions of 1802. In May and October, 1798, in October, 1799, in October, 1801, and in May, 1802, he was one of the clerks, and in May, 1799, and October, 1802, he was speaker, of the house of representatives. In May, 1803, he was elected a member of the council (or upper branch of the legislature) which situation he held, by successive annual elections, until May, 1818, when he and his associates in office were succeeded by those who were politically opposed to them. He was judge of the court of probate, for the probate district in which he resided, from June, 1802, to June, 1819; and judge of the county court, for the county of New-Haven, from June, 1805, to June, 1818. He was also mayor of the city of New-Haven from Sept. 1st, 1803, until the 4th day of June, 1822, when he resigned the office. In September, 1801, he was appointed Professor of Law in Yale-College; which office he held until 1810, and then resigned it, as interfering too much with other public duties. He has since received from the corporation of that institution the honorary degree of LL.D.


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Book library
Help using the catalogues
There are four ways of searching for materials within the Library:
All items added to stock from 1 October 1992 appear only on the computer catalogue.
The card catalogue and exhibition catalogue listings are held in the catalogue hall. There are copies of the Journals holding list at the issue desk and in the journals hall.
For more information please select one of the options above.


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Jefferson Parish
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The Jefferson Convention & Visitors Bureau, Inc. invites your inquiry. Please complete the form below if you would like to receive information on the Parish of Jefferson. Plan your visit today! So much to see and do, Jefferson is so close ...to all the action of the city, yet a world away...with its tranquil parks and recreational facilities.
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Lions Gate Entertainment (LGF) jumped more than 9% shortly after reporting better than expected tird quarter earnings and revenue.
LGF posted 56 cents of EPS, against expectations for 10 cents. Reevenue of $707 million nearly doubled from a year ago, as the company sold DVD's of its hit movie Hunger Games. The results beat expectations for revenue o f$622 million.
MHR Fund Management reported today that it has amassed a 13.6% stake in truck manufacturer Navistar (NAV). MHR is run by Mark Rachesky, a former associate of Carl Icahn, who announced last week that he had built a 12% stake. Rachesky and Icahn both invested in Lions Gate Entertainment (LGF) a few years ago too.
In the filing, Rachesky indicated his investment is "active," meaning he may advocate for change. But the filing doesn't reveal much about MHR's intentions.
"The Reporting Persons may seek to engage in discussions with management and others concerning the business and operations of the Company," the filing says.
Navisatr shares are up 9.4% this morning.
Lions Gate Entertainment (LGF) were adding to the day's losses, tumbling 7% after hours following the company's fiscal fourth-quarter earnings report.
The company said it lost $22.7 million, or 17 cents a share, down from earnings of 34 cents a share in the year-ago period. It said revenue grew to $645.2 million, a 71% increase from the $376.9 million in the prior year quarter. Analysts were expecting the company to earn 26 cents a share on revenue of $643 million.
The company reported revenue of $1.59 billion and net loss of $39.1 million for the full fiscal year 2012, which ended on March 31.
With all the hype surrounding the release of The Hunger Games, many may be wondering where all that money will be going.
Kapitall's Rebecca Lipman thinks she has the answer, and has created a Hunger Games Index of companies that she sees benefitting from the film: Not only will moviegoers likely pick up copies of the books after they leave the theater, but merchandise from toys to Halloween costumes will hit the shelves. And as a trilogy, the franchise seems poised for a multiyear run.
Here is a list of companies that Lipman thinks should get a Hunger Games boost, from booksellers to movie companies and theaters–as well as toy companies that could harness past success with character tie-ins to capitalize on the franchise:
1. Scholastic Corporation (SCHL): Operates as a children's publishing, education, and media company primarily in the United States. Scholastic has the exclusive United States publishing rights to The Hunger Games book series. Sales of series are historically higher with the release of movies.
2. Amazon.com Inc. (AMZN): Operates as an online retailer in North America and internationally. Similar to Scholastic, the company may report an increase in revenue based on site traffic for the book, as well as book sales.
3. Hasbro Inc. (HAS): Engages in the design, manufacture, and marketing of games and toys. Hasbro had been awarded the rights to Harry potter trading card games, role-playing games, trading cards, candy and youth electronics. This includes Clue – The Harry Potter addition. Will it also take on The Hunger Games?
4. Mattel Inc. (MAT): Engages in the design, manufacture, and marketing of various toy products worldwide. The doll company is creating barbie dolls inspired by Hunger Game characters. Mattel also produced the Harry Potter Scene It, plush toys and action figures – why not do the same with The Hunger Games?
5. Lions Gate Entertainment Corp. (LGF): Engages in the motion picture production and distribution, television programming and syndication, home entertainment, family entertainment, new channel platforms, and digital distribution activities. Lions Gate is the film studio releasing the Hunger Games films. Pre-screenings of film were given positive, if not glowing, reviews.
6. IMAX Corporation (IMAX): Operates as an entertainment technology company worldwide. Many diehard fans will be eager to see the film many times, including on an IMAX screen
More movie news today: J.P. Morgan analyst Monica DiCenso initiated coverage of Lionsgate Entertainment (LGF).
She writes that the move is in reaction to the company's popular franchises, growing television business and strong free cash flow, which she expects will combine to boost the stock. She expects films with strong brand awareness, like the much-anticipated Hunger Games movie due out this weekend, will be a boon Lionsgate, while its TV segment grows more profitable over time.
Here are highlights from her initiation note out today:
Hunger Games is just the beginning – expanded film slate and shift to more branded properties should support better theatrical outlook. We believe eight of LGF's planned 15+ theatrical releases in F13 are branded properties (including Hunger Games which is poised to be LGF's biggest theatrical release to date), which tend to perform better theatrically than non-branded, up from 2-4 branded films in prior years. With a solid slate anticipated for F14 as well, we expect LGF's theatrical business to be more steady and profitable in upcoming years.
Demand for TV content remains very robust. The proliferation of over-the-top providers has created heightened demand for LGF's TV product as broadcast and cable networks invest to retain viewership and digital providers aim to expand their exclusive offerings and attract more subs – making quality content more valuable than before. LGF has had great success in TV to date (Mad Men, Weeds) and has numerous programs in development slated for upcoming release. Also, as existing programs mature and enter syndication, profitability should improve, driving better TV margins in the intermediate term and helping balance theatrical volatility.
Conservative production approach helps limit downside in an inherently risky business. While we believe that LGF's slate looks promising, successful entertainment properties can be difficult to predict, making its conservative production approach appealing. Through international pre-sales, relatively conservative budgets, and strategic production agreements, LGF has been able to minimize write-offs and help mitigate some of the risk inherent in its business.
Transformative franchise and improved financial outlook make LGF shares attractive. At 18.3x F13 EPS LGF trades at a discount to its closest peer, Dreamworks (DWA) at 18.7x, and below its historical range (~21x) despite shares already rallying 40% this year. We believe that the Hunger Games franchise will be transformative for LGF and drive significant profitability for years to come, which when combined with upside from more branded films planned and continued growth at its TV business, gives us confidence in the outlook. Our December 2012 price target of $18 is based on a P/E multiple of 22x our F14 EPS of $0.82, in line with its historical average.
Lions Gate Entertainment (LGF) is expected to have a very strong fiscal 2013, as movies from the Twilight and Hunger Games series are expected to be released. But Street expectations appear to be creeping up a little too quickly, and Caris & Company analyst David Miller thinks it's time to put on the brakes. He downgraded Lions Gate to Sell from Below Average. LGF fell 3.6% on Monday.
Miller is also convinced that the company won't be able to sell TV Guide, which it bought in 2009, for a gain.
"[I]n our opinion, having spoken to sources within the private equity arena on this topic, the most LGF will likely see for TV Guide is right around what they paid for it, which is a net $132mm, or the original $255mm which LGF paid for all of TV Guide in January 2009, less the $123mm LGF received back in May 2009 for selling off 49% under pressure from Carl Icahn. However, to us, even that is aggressive, as $132mm would correlate to a terminal multiple of 15.7x trailing F2011 TV Guide EBITDA, and by our calculations, TV Guide EBITDA is declining in F2012, not rising."
Earnings reports, corporate strategies and analyst insights are all part of what moves stocks, and they're all covered by the Stocks to Watch blog. We also look at macro issues, investor sentiments and hidden trends that are affecting the market. Stocks to Watch gives you the full picture of the U.S. stock markets, all day long.
The blog is written by Ben Levisohn, a former stock trader who has covered financial markets for the Wall Street Journal, Bloomberg and BusinessWeek.
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I am not afraid of old people.As hitting it myself. Monday scares the hell out of me. Another year closer is marked. I was a little shocked at the change from young to old.Way too sudden.
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I am not afraid of old people.As hitting it myself. Monday scares the hell out of me. Another year closer is marked. I was a little shocked at the change from young to old.Way too sudden.
Ooh yeh, this scene scared me for years.
I've nursed/bathed a few old ladies...and some do look frighteningly similar to that lady.:eek2:
The part that was creepier to me was..When Jack Torrence see's her and begins kissing her.......then the kicker, it shows her true form as he is opening his eyes.... EWWW!! And oh, that laugh. ( more like a cackle)
I'm not afraid of old people, women in or out of bathtubs, or rubber duckies. But I do get creeped out when I am the only one in the house and I take a bath. I definitely get that 4 in the morning, anything is possible feeling.
When I saw the mini series as a child she scared me, however when I rewatched last week I wasn't. I think it's because I've seen so many zombies movies. However it was still found it a little creepy when jack goes to check the room, at first she not there, but she appears and jack runs like hell.
I'm scared of some old people, sure, but most the time i'm enthralled by their experiences.
When I first saw it, I knew what was coming (having read the book) so I wasn't that grossed out. Strangely, however, many of the people in the movie theater giggled when that scene appeared. Nervous laughter? Don't know.
I was/am. My first job was as a maid in a hotel. I was very afraid to pull back shower curtains. :eek2:
Heck yeah, I'm afraid of old people. They've been around a long time. If they want to get you, they have the requisite experience.
LOL ... Kidding. Old people is just us. That's what fear of old people and decay is, anyway: fear of the unavoidable future. Now ... I am afraid FOR old people. My mom has gotten old. The world seems to me like a more dangerous place for her than it used to be.


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Hendricks to celebrate 91st birthday at Jazz on the MaumeeWritten by Sarah Ottney | Editor in Chief | firstname.lastname@example.com
Jazz legend Jon Hendricks rarely stops moving. Even when sitting, his toes tap, his heels bounce, his knees swing side to side. He sings as easily as he talks, often breaking off mid-sentence to sing a couple of stanzas or a full song before continuing with his thought.
Hendricks grew up in Toledo on City Park Avenue, five houses down from fellow jazz legend Art Tatum. The two were close friends, performing regularly with Hendricks singing and Tatum accompanying on the piano.
"He was so incredibly facile," Hendricks said of Tatum. "It was as though the piano was something he took out of his pocket and unfolded and stood up. It was like he invented it. There was nothing he didn't know about it."
Hendricks, who is considered the originator of the improvisional singing style vocalese, started singing as a young boy at the Erie Street church where his father was pastor. As a teenager during the Great Depression, he honed his skills at Stanley's, a neighborhood hamburger joint, where he taught himself songs on the jukebox and sang them for customers.
"I had a good ear. I would stand in front of that jukebox all day long. After school I came and I stood there until supper and I learned every tune on the jukebox," Hendricks said. "After a while, I got my nerve up and the next evening when a gentleman came to the jukebox, I said, 'What are you gonna play?' He said, 'What business is it of you?' I'd say, 'Give me the nickel and I'll sing it.' And they'd say, 'What?' and I'd say, 'Yeah!' It was always seeing is believing."
Hendricks credits much of his early music education to Tatum and the jukebox at Stanley's.
"While I was learning those tunes, I was learning music, I was learning our culture, I was learning jazz," Hendricks said. "My life for some years was between Art Tatum, Scott High School and that jukebox."
Hendricks later toured the world with vocal trio Lambert, Hendricks & Ross and then as a solo artist. He returned to Toledo later in life. He now serves as a part-time professor of jazz studies at the University of Toledo.
Jazz on the Maumee
Hendricks, who turned 91 on Sept. 16, will celebrate with a performance Sept. 19 at Jazz on the Maumee. The series, launched in July by the Art Tatum Jazz Heritage Society, is held 5-7 p.m. every Wednesday in the Aqua Lounge at The Grand Plaza Hotel, 444 N. Summit St.
"Ninety-one. Ha!" Hendricks told Toledo Free Press during a recent interview in Toledo. "That's how I feel. I think that's the greatest joke. On me. That's a joke on me. Boy, let me tell you, that is a joke. Ha! I never thought I'd get anywhere near here."
Jazz on the Maumee offers a platform to highlight local musicians, said Kay Elliott, executive director of the Art Tatum Jazz Heritage Society.
"We love and appreciate all the local musicians and we wanted to give them another place to be showcased," Elliott said. "There wasn't anything like this Downtown and we thought it would be a great idea. It's just a beautiful space. The sound is so good. You have to see it."
Admission, which includes free valet parking and an appetizer buffet, is "a special birthday rate" of $10, Elliott said. A cash bar is available.
Also performing Sept. 19 will be Swingmania, a 15-piece jazz, swing and Big Band group. The Sept. 26 Jazz on the Maumee event will feature Hepcat Revival and admission will return to $15 or $10 for Art Tatum Jazz Heritage Society members.
Elliott said she hopes people come out Sept. 19 to see a living legend in person and help Hendricks celebrate his birthday.
"Jon is an incredible performer," Elliott said. "He's really extraordinary and has such wonderful energy. We're thrilled because we're the biggest supporters of Jon. All of Toledo supports Jon so much. Who wouldn't be excited to have the legendary Jon Hendricks?"
Big names
From his humble beginnings in Toledo, Hendricks went on to rub shoulders with some of the great names in jazz, including Louis Armstrong, John Coltrane, Randy Weston, Charlie Parker and Joe Morello.
His friend Tatum remains one of his biggest influences.
"I think every jazz artist — and classical artist — oughta listen to Art Tatum," Hendricks said. "He had no lines between one musical form and another. … For him, there was just music and all of it was the same."
One of Hendricks' favorite stories about Tatum is the time Tatum's mother gave him a piano roll that played a piano duet.
"Being blind, he didn't know it was two guys so he said, 'I'll learn it and play it for you when you get home,'" Hendricks said. "She got home and he sat down and played it. That was incredible. He was altogether incredible. There was nothing that wasn't just incredible about him."
Hendricks also thrived alongside the talents of Dave Lambert and Annie Ross, his Lambert, Hendricks & Ross bandmates.
"Dave, I've seen him go out to eat with his arrangement pad and and during dessert
and coffee he'd finish the arrangement. No instrument. Just finish it off. Incredible musician," Hendricks said. "They were both incredibly talented."
Hendricks laughed recounting a comment Armstrong made after listening to the trio perform their fast-talking vocalese style.
"Louis said, 'Y'all sound like you have a mouthful of hot rice,'" Hendricks said.
Hendricks said people are often shocked to learn he can't read music.
"I just hear the tune. I hear it and if I can hear it, I can write it. It just doesn't affect me," Hendricks said. "I never knew what I was doing. I never had any idea. Just play me a chord and I'm gone. I don't know what's coming out, but I know I have to follow these chords."
Despite his talent, Hendricks almost didn't become a professional singer. After being drafted and serving in Europe during World War II, he enrolled at UT, majoring in prelaw, but his GI Bill ran out before he finished the degree, so he moved to New York City to pursue a singing career.
"That was the best thing that could have happened to me," Hendricks said.
He met his wife, Judith, at New York's famous jazz club Birdland, where he was performing and she was working. Their mixed-race relationship — he is black and she is white — was shocking to many at the time, Hendricks said. They've been together 54 years and split their time between Toledo, New York City and France, where they have children and grandchildren.
Hendricks still loves singing and performing.
"A good reception from the audience, that's what you work for," Hendricks said. "You can sing anytime. If you play [an instrument], there are limitations to when you might play, but when you sing, you can sing anytime."
He also loves working with students at UT, where he helps bring jazz alive for introductory classes like History of Jazz, said his teaching assistant Atla DeChamplain, a graduate student in jazz studies.
"Most of them aren't music majors and we show a lot of black-and-white footage," DeChamplain said. "They wonder why it's relevent. They'll be like, 'Why do we care?' Then he comes in and totally hooks them. He charms them. He gets them engaged and makes it real."
At 91, Hendricks has slowed down some, but dismisses the suggestion of old age.
"Are you kidding? Shoot. I'm ready for 200. I tell everybody man's ultimate stupidity is dying. I'm not gonna do it. I refuse. Especially just because someone says I'm 90. What the heck is that? That ain't nothing. I'm not through yet. I'm not through at all."
For more information, visit the website www.arttatumsociety.com.
Tags: Aqua Lounge, Art Tatum, Art Tatum Jazz Heritage Society, Grand Plaza Hotel, Jazz on the Maumee, Jon Hendricks, Kay Elliott, Swingmania


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The HP TouchPad the Pre smartphone and the WebOS running on them shall be no more. We gauge the reaction from the T3 team, industry experts, retailers and you the T3 readers
It's probably fair to say that no one saw this one coming. The HP TouchPad has only been out a few months but when news that HP was halting production of the TouchPad, WebOS and Pre hardware the T3 team were probably not the only ones surprised to see the decision to put the brakes on WebOS hardware.
While the those in the industry and owners of a HP TouchPad or Pre device get to grips with the grim news, we find out the reaction from the T3 team, fellow tech experts and you the T3 readers to see what you have been making of the HP news.
Mark Mayne, Deputy Editor T3.com and T3 App Chart Editor
"HP's decision to scrap WebOS, effectively killing off the HP TouchPad and Pre phones (like the Pixi Plus), as well as hinting that it may sell its PC division entirely is sad news for tech lovers. Not only does it indicate how tough HP must view the future consumer devices market, but it also stifles competition. We liked the HP TouchPad because it was slick, powerful and intuitive, and with it gone the tablet market is a poorer one. Spare a thought for the Pre 3 though, which launched earlier this week in the UK - shortest tech life ever?"
David Hicks, Future Publishing Art Director iPad & Tablet editions
"I'm actually quite disappointed that HP have announced that the TouchPad won't be developed any further - it would have been great for consumers to have another choice of tablet on a different and developing OS.
Purely from a design perspective, it looks the part, but perhaps a little too chunky. I would have preferred a slimmer, more robust casing, but there are some nice touches, like the card-style multi-tasking of WebOS, and the Beats Audio speakers. The major issues for me were the lack of grunt in the processor, poor battery life, and a total lack of paid-for and free apps on the HP Catalog store.
Additionally, the price point, at £425, was just too high. £299 and the TouchPad might have created more of a stir. Surely HP's tablet strategy should have been to undercut Apple by a fair whack, and entice those who couldn't afford the iPad 2, but still wanted a tablet that did practically everything the iPad does - internet, video, games, email and more. The TouchPad 2 could have been a contender...
The tablet buying market is definitely large enough to accommodate plenty of alternatives to the iPad, so it seems quite a knee-jerk reaction from HP to kill off this particular product range when its still early days.
It'll be interesting to see how the other tablets fair over the coming months. Somehow, I don't think the TouchPad is Apple's last victim."
Gareth Beavis, TechRadar Mobile Phones Editor
"HP's decision to drop WebOS is really saddening - it's one of the top operating systems for mobile but never had the critical funding and backing it needed to really take on Apple's offerings.
"When I saw it launched at CES, I was blown away - it was the first serious iPhone alternative and if it had been given the same push as Apple gave iOS it would have been a real contender today - especially if it had been licensed out.
"But canning it now, sadly, makes the most sense. None of the big names are going to license it as they're already working with Android or Windows Phone or their own offerings.
"The only option is to buy the unit for the patents - with the battle lines in this area firmly drawn it's easy to see Google or Microsoft taking what's left of Palm and picking the bones to further tool up in the ongoing patent wars."
Retailer response
Chris Ward, Clove Technology Digitial Media Coordinator
"I'm quite surprised that HP has made the decision to stop making hardware for webOS so soon after taking it over,"
"It's a great platform."
"Despite the long wait between the new webOS devices being announced and released, over 6 months in total I think, we've had strong interest in the Pre 3 and sales have been good upon launch,"
"While some people may be put off by the uncertainty of the future of the OS, we have found that webOS has a strong following and I think that the majority of fans will stick by it."
Andy Senyszyn I'm no Apple fan, but HP have done nothing right since before Carly Fiorina took over. Since then, they've become bloated, unfocused and have no killer USP in any of their products.
Competing with iOS is one thing, competing with iOS WITHOUT using Android is just mental.
Steve Robertson Tablets at this time are overpriced and underpowered. There is also no space for another OS. We need a battery breakthrough for real OS tablets to work, until then you'll have the iPad and Android tablets. I'll wait for a fully fledged OS and decent CPUs before I waste my cash on these devices.
@Glovepup: I think they are insane, listening to your podcast and others there was obvious hope that WebOS 'could' be good. #insane
@thebigyeti Mad. I work for a HP reseller. Just 2 months ago I was at a HP event, WebOS was their whole future. Everything was based around it.
@Isa Capaldy: I think they've just had it and point blank admitted "Apple, you win"
HP TouchPad video: Hands-on
Source: T3 Video


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More Than Just a Building
The SU is a flexible space dedicated to supporting students. We help students develop as leaders and strive to help student groups in creating successful events. Without students and campus programs, the Stevenson Union would just be another building. The student fee funded building was constructed in 1972 and named after former SOU President Elmo Stevenson.
Stevenson Union Building Map
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The Benefits of Using Local SEO for Business Marketing
Even if a business does not need to reach customers in other countries, a website can make a world of difference to every business. When people need to buy a product or service, the first thing they do is perform a search online. These people can be practically next door, but if a competitor reaches them first, they will never become a customer.
Local SEO works by performing search engine optimization techniques on what people are searching for in a targeted geographic area. A dentist, lawyer, or car mechanic may only need to focus on a 5-10 mile radius from where they are located. With a limited area, keywords can be chosen for what people in those towns and cities are searching for. Smart businesses are able to show up higher in search results. The higher up a website is displayed, the more search traffic it will receive and more customers will be generated.
An increasing number of businesses are taking advantage of the benefits from local SEO every day. They know that the sooner they begin the process, the more difficult it will be for their competition to catch up. Every month different people are searching for solutions to their problems offered by local businesses. These customers and the increased revenue they bring are up for grabs. Only businesses that are using the most effective ways to reach these customers are going to get them.
There are lots of marketing techniques for businesses. Local SEO has been shown to be the most effective way to reach customers that are looking for products and services online. The bottom line is that more visits to a business's website, the more revenue that business is going to generate.
To know more about Local SEO CLICK HERE!
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A Nashville-based church was destroyed in a fire caused by lightning. Trinity Church of the Nazarene was struck by lightning early Thursday morning, causing the roof to collapse over the sanctuary reports The Tennessean.
Though the building was destroyed, no one was injured in the fire. "The Holy Spirit don't live in the building. He lives in people, and they're here," said Senior Pastor Mike Proctor.
Remarkably, Trinity Church of the Nazarene had been previously been struck by lightning in July 2012, causing the steeple to fall. "We've come through this before. We care about the building, but what really matters is the people," Proctor said.
A nearby Baptist church will host the congregation of about 50 people this Sunday.
Publication date: June 6, 2014
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An integrated control circuit for generating a regulated control voltage for voltage-controlled attenuators used in speakerphone circuits. The circuit provides separate transmit and receive voltage regulation to provide accurate gain settings for the voltage-controlled attenuators. The circuit eliminates the need for absolute value external components or external signal feedback between the voltage-controlled attenuators and the control circuit.
1. A control circuit for generating a differential gain control signal for receive and transmit voltage controlled attenuators in response to receive and transmit detect signals in a speakerphone circuit, comprising:
means for sourcing current in response to said receive detect signal, having an output coupled to a control node;
means for sinking current in response to said transmit detect signal, having an output coupled to a control node;
a capacitor coupled to said control node;
a differential amplifier having a first input coupled to said control node, a second input connected to a reference voltage, and outputs providing said differential gain control signal;
receive voltage regulator means having inputs coupled to said differential amplifier outputs and an output coupled to said control node, for regulating a ratio of currents supplied to the receive voltage controlled attenuator; and
transmit voltage regulator means having inputs coupled to said differential amplifier outputs and an output coupled to said control node, for regulating a ratio of currents supplied to the transmit voltage controlled attenuator.
2. The control circuit of claim 1 further comprising a resistor having a first terminal coupled to said control node and a second terminal coupled to said reference voltage.
3. The control circuit of claim 1 wherein said receive voltage regulator means comprises:
first and second emitter coupled transistors each having a base coupled to one of said differential amplifier outputs, a resistor of value R coupled to a collector of said first emitter coupled transistor, a resistor of value NR coupled to a collector of said second emitter coupled transistor;
a first operational amplifier having first and second inputs coupled to said collectors of said first and second emitter coupled transistors, respectively; and
a third transistor having a base coupled to an output of said first operational amplifier and a collector coupled to said control node.
4. The control circuit of claim 3 wherein said transmit voltage regulator means comprises:
fourth and fifth emitter coupled transistors each having a base coupled to one of said differential amplifier outputs, a resistor of value R coupled to a collector of said fourth emitter coupled transistor, a resistor of value NR coupled to a collector of said fifth emitter coupled transistor;
a second operational amplifier having first and second inputs coupled to said collectors of said fourth and fifth emitter coupled transistors, respectivley; and
a sixth transistor having a base coupled to an output of said second operational amplifier and a collector coupled to said control node.
5. The control circuit of claim 4 wherein said first and second and said fourth and fifth emitter coupled transistors and said third transistor are NPN bipolar transistors and said sixth transistor is a PNP bipolar transistor.
The present invention relates to voltage controlled attenuator circuits, and a means to provide accurate gain settings for such attenuators. In particular, the invention relates to such circuits for use in integrated circuit speakerphone systems.
Voltage controlled attenuators find applications in a wide variety of systems, to adjust the amplitude of signals passed through such systems according to the magnitude of a control signal. For example, in a speakerphone circuit, attenuators are included in both the transmit and receive channels to provide half duplex communication. The transmit and receive attenuators are typically operated in a complementary manner, while one is at maximum gain the other is at maximum attenuation and vice versa. The setting of each attenuator is adjusted so that the difference between the levels remains the same. Using this technique a constant loss is inserted between the two channels and prevents instability that would otherwise occur, due to signal coupling between the loudspeaker and microphone, or sidetone through a hybrid circuit. One requirement of attenuators used in a such an arrangement is accurate gain settings to ensure consistent performance of the speakerphone system. Large variations of the gain level of each attenuator makes the inserted loss between the two channels unpredictable and presents difficulties maintaining the stability of the system.
In a typical speakerphone, the gain setting of a channel is dependent upon the detection of speech within that channel. If a far end talker is speaking, the receive signal is greater than the transmit signal, and the transmit attenuator should be set to maximum loss while the receive attenuator is set to maximum gain. The reverse is true if the mirror-end talker is speaking. By monitoring the amplitudes of the signals in both channels, a control circuit may be developed to determine which channel is active and adjust the gains accordingly. A further requirement of an attenuator used in a speakerphone is the need to minimize the feedthrough of control signal into the audio path. Feedthrough generates an audible "thump" in the speech channel which occurs when switching from one channel to the other. With sufficient magnitude, the feedthrough causes errors in switching due to its detection as a false speech signal. The primary source of feedthrough is gain dependent offset within the attenuator.
FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a prior art voltage controlled attenuator. An input voltage is provided at a point 210 through a resistor R2 to a first amplifier 212. Amplifier 212 operates to sink the current from emitter coupled transistors 218, 220 and 214, 216 which receive current from a current source 222. The output is provided through a second amplifier 224 to a voltage output 226. A control voltage indicated VC is applied to transistor 214 and transistor 220. The control voltage VC affects the two transistors in opposite ways, one being NPN, the other PNP. In response to an increasing control voltage, the current in transistor 214 will increase while the current in transistor 220 will decrease. Thus, the current through the two legs of the amplifier section will split in proportion with the control voltage. In accordance with this varying current, the voltage amplification between the input at point 210 and the output at point 226 will vary, such that the gain of the attenuator is directly proportional to the split of the current from current source 222.
One problem with a circuit such as that shown in FIG. 2, when used in a typical bipolar integrated circuit, is the different characteristics of the NPN and PNP transistors, which causes a DC feedthrough from the input to the output and which varies in accordance with the level of amplification set by the control voltage. It would be desirable to have a voltage controlled attenuator which eliminates this DC feedthrough effect due to the use of both NPN and PNP transistors in the current splitting core.
The present invention provides a voltage controlled attenuator and gain control mechanism which reduces DC feedthrough by using NPN transistors exclusively to perform current splitting in the voltage controlled attenuator core. Also, a gain control voltage generator is disclosed which makes use of the accuracy of component matching in integrated circuit technology, independently of process variations, to generate a precise control voltage without the need for external components, on chip trimming, or complex feedback mechanisms. In the voltage controlled attenuator, a pair of emitter coupled NPN transistors are provided, connected to a common current source. The current flow in each of the NPN transistors is mirrored by a matched PNP current mirror, to a second set of matched NPN transistors which are also emitter coupled. A common control voltage, which is preferably differential, is connected to the emitter coupled NPN pairs. A feedback control loop adjusts the current in the second set of emitter coupled NPN transistors such that the sum of currents from the second NPN pair is equal to that of the first pair. Signal input and output are connected to the collectors of the second NPN pair. The arrangement of the voltage controlled attenuator defines the current flow through the PNP devices with NPN devices, thereby providing independence of the PNP characteristics in the current splitting core.
In the gain control voltage generator, two pairs of emitter coupled NPN transistors are provided, each connected to a common current source, providing a current in each pair proportional to the current in the voltage controlled attenuator core. Resistors, with a value ratio of NR:R and R:NR, are connected in the collector circuits of each NPN pair. Feedback from each resistor pair to a common rate control capacitor and differential amplifier is provided such that the voltage difference appearing across either set of resistors may be set to zero in response to the detection of receive or transmit signals in the speakerphone. A resulting gain control voltage is generated at the input of the active NPN pair, which, when connected to the control inputs of the attenuator core, produces a voltage gain inversely proportional to the ratio of the resistors in the active pair of the control voltage generator. This arrangement provides a control voltage which is accomplished without a DC feedback loop from the attenuators, such as set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 4,720,856.
For a fuller understanding of the nature and advantages of the invention, reference should be made to the ensuing detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a four-point sensing circuit for a speakerphone using voltage controlled attenuators;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a prior art voltage controlled attenuator.
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a preferred embodiment of a voltage controlled attenuator according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a control circuit which generates the control signals for the VCA of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the logic circuit for generating the receive and transmit detect signals provided to the circuit of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of the transmit current setting circuit of FIG. 4;
FIG. 7 is a detailed circuit diagram of the receive current setting circuit of FIG. 4;
FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram of the current switching circuit of FIG. 4.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a speakerphone circuit according to the present invention. A microphone 10 provides a signal through a microphone amplifier 12, a voltage controlled attenuator 14, a second amplifier 16 and a transmission circuit 18 coupled to the phone line. A receive channel provides a signal from transmission circuit 18 through a filtering amplifier 20, a voltage controlled attenuator 22 and a speaker amplifier 24 to a speaker 26. A control circuit 28 controls the gain of the transmit attenuator 14 and the receive attenuator 22.
The gain of the transmit and receive attenuators are set in a complementary manner, so that only one channel has its gain set to a high value at any one time, during the transmit or receive mode. The sum of the gains of the two channels remains constant. In the idle mode, when neither party is talking, the gains in the channels are equalized.
The control circuit operates on four primary inputs, although other secondary signals may be input to the system to refine operation. A first input is indicated as A. This signal is output from comparator 30 which receives its inputs through peak detectors 32 and 34 respectively, acting on the signal from amplifier 16 in the transmit channel and amplifier 20 in the receive channel. Similarly a comparator 36 provides signal B from a comparison of the signals provided through peak detectors 38 and 40 coupled to the output of microphone amplifier 12 and speaker amplifier 24, respectively. The other inputs, which indicate the presence of speech in a channel are from background noise detector circuits 42 and 44. These circuits, which indicate the noise level in each channel, are compared to the signal from peak detectors 38 and 34, respectively, in comparators 46 and 48 respectively, to provide signals T and R to the control circuit. The signal T indicates the presence of voice signal greater than noise, by a predetermined threshold, in the transmit channel, while the signal R indicates the presence of voice greater than noise, by a second threshold, in the receive channel.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a preferred embodiment of voltage controlled attenuator, 14 or 22 of FIG. 1. An input signal is provided on node 310 through a resistor 358 to an input amplifier 312. Amplifier 312 is connected to transistor 314, which has its collector tied to the emitters of transistors 316 and 318. The collectors of transistors 316 and 318 are coupled to the collectors of PNP transistors 340 and 348 respectively. An input node to this transistor arrangement is at point 324, and the output node is at point 326, where it is provided through an output amplifier 328.
PNP transistors 340 and 348 form parts of current mirror arrangements 330 and 332 respectively. The reference current for mirror 330, flowing in PNP transistor 334 is from NPN transistors 336 and 338. The mirror output current, flowing in PNP transistor 320 and 340 is to NPN transistor 316, and forms one part of the total current flowing in NPN transistor 314. Similarly, the reference current for current mirror 332, flowing in PNP transistor 342 is from NPN transistors 344 and 346. The mirror output current, flowing in PNP transistor 322 and 348 is to NPN transistor 318, and forms the second part of the total current flowing in NPN transistor 314. Transistors 336 and 344 are in a cascode arrangement to reduce DC feedthrough to the output of amplifier 328 by minimizing the voltage difference between the collectors of NPN transistors 338 and 346 and NPN transistors 316 and 318. The reference voltage VB to amplifiers 312 and 328 defines the DC level of the collectors of transistors 316 and 318 respectively by feedback action around amplifiers 312 and 328. PNP transistor 352 base voltage is also set at VB and thus its emitter at one vbe above VB. Transistors 336 and 344 drop one vbe from their base to emitter terminals to set the collectors of transistors 338 and 346 at the reference voltage level VB. PNP transistor 350 provides the bias current for this arrangement.
A differential control voltage CTN, CTP, is applied between the bases of transistors 318 and 346 on the positive side, and transistors 316 and 338 on the negative side. In operation the control signal acts to split the DC reference current provided by transistor 354 between transistors 338 and 346 in a ratio defined by the magnitude of the control signal, such that: ##EQU1## where: i1 is the current flow in 338
i2 is the current flow in 346
Δvcon is the differential control voltage
vt is the thermal voltage kt/q
The same ratio of DC current division occurs in transistors 316 and 318, their base voltage being common with transistors 338, 346 respectively. The level of current in transistor 314 is adjusted by feedback action through amplifier 312 to exactly match the sum of the currents through transistors 316 and 318, which is set by mirrors 330 and 332, thereby minimizing any offset voltage at the output of amplifier 328. AC current flow in transistor 314, injected by amplifier 312 from the input signal at 310, is split in a ratio which approaches the DC current division between transistors 316 and 318. The AC component of current in 318 flows to the output through resistor 356, providing signal gain or attenuation dependent on the current split defined by the applied control voltage. ##EQU2## where: Av is the AC voltage gain of the system.
Rout is feedback resistor 356 of amplifier 328
Rin is input resistor 358 of amplifier 312
The other input signals, PBIAS and VCBIAS to FIG. 3 are bias voltages necessary for correct circuit operation.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a control circuit for providing the differential control voltage CTN, CTP, to the VCA of FIG. 3. The sense and magnitude of signals CTN, CTP are determined by the state of the receive and transmit detect signals RX and TX. These inputs, provided by a decision circuit, indicate the presence of receive or transmit speech in the speakerphone. A capacitor 412, connected to control node CT is alternately charged or discharged by current mirrors 410 or 418, in response to signals RX or TX respectively. With neither RX or TX active, capacitor 412 is returned to a center voltage, VB, by resistor 436. Differential amplifier 414 buffers the voltage at CT to produce output signals CTN and CTP. Feedback is provided through a reference current cell 420, operational amplifier 422, and transistor 424 to regulate the negative voltage generated at CT in response to the TX input. A second feedback path is provided through reference current cell 430, (details of current cell 430 are the same as shown for current cell 420) operational amplifier 432 and transistor 434 to regulate the positive voltage generated at CT in response to the RX input. The feedback circuits regulate the voltage at CT to a predetermined level, defined by the ratio of resistors 440 and 442 for negative voltages, equivalent resistors for positive voltages, and the gain of differential amplifier 414. To more clearly understand the operation of the regulation mechanism, consider the operation of the transmit feedback path: upon detection of valid transmit signals by the decision circuit, input signal TX is set active, and RX inactive. Current is applied to the reference leg of current mirror 416, producing an output current from current mirror 418, and discharging capacitor 412, thereby reducing the voltage at point CT. Differential amplifier 414 tracks the voltage at CT, such that voltage CTP reduces whilst CTN increases. These signals connect to the base terminals of transistors 428 and 426 respectively, reducing the current through 428, while increasing the current through 426. The differential voltage generated across resistors 440 and 442 is applied at the input of operational amplifier 422. Due to the high gain of amplifier 422, the output voltage remains held at its maximum positive value, holding PNP transistor 424 off, and allowing capacitor 412 to discharge, until the positive input voltage of amplifier 422 falls below its negative input voltage. At this point the output voltage of amplifier 422 falls and transistor 242 is turned on preventing further discharge of capacitor 412, and fixing the voltage at CT, such that:
vct is the voltage at CT with respect to VB
Adm is the gain of differential amplifier 414
vt is the thermal voltage kt/q
N1 is the ratio of resistor 440, 442 of FIG. 4
Operation of the receive regulation mechanism is the inverse of the transmit mechanism. Upon detection of valid receive signals by the decision circuit, input signal RX is set active, and TX inactive. Current is applied to the reference leg of current mirror 410, producing an output current from current mirror 410, and charging capacitor 412, thereby increasing the voltage at point CT. Elements 430, 432 and 434 form a second feedback path to set the magnitude of the positive voltage developed at CT such that:
vcr is the voltage at CT with respect to VB
Adm is the gain of differential amplifier 414
vt is the thermal voltage kt/q
N2 is the ratio of resistor R1, R2 of FIG. 7
The generation of the RX and TX signals can be seen from the diagram of FIG. 5, which shows A and B inputs, and TN and RN inputs (reflecting Tand R), which are provided by elements of the circuit given in FIG. 1. These form input signals to logic block 510, which generates the RX and TX signals input to control circuit 512, which is the control circuit of FIG. 4.
The current switching circuit 444, connected to node CT in FIG. 4 is given in more detail in FIG. 8. The input signal NBIAS is a bias voltage necessary for correct circuit operation. FIG. 6 shows a circuit level diagrams of the transmit reference current cell, 420. As may be determined from FIG. 6, the ratio of resistors 440 and 442 is 2K:40K, or an N of 20. A similar ratio is used in the receive current cell.
As will be understood by those familiar with the art, the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. Accordingly the disclosure of the preferred embodiment of the invention is intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the scope of the invention which is set forth in the following claims.
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Once the regular season has ended, playoff brackets will be made available for viewing. Playoff registration will go live on Monday, October 8 at 10 AM! It will close at 4:30 PM.
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Soccer is conventionally known as the world's most popular sport. With people from over 200 countries playing the sport, soccer has a far-reaching impact in many cultures. In United States, the sport cotinues to grow at a steady pace. Here at the University of Michigan, soccer is among the most popular sports in Intramurals. Played with 9 players per side, Intramural Soccer offers a recreational environment, where players from all levels can compete in different leagues.
Sand Volleyball is a team sport consisting of two teams of four. As in indoor volleyball, teams compete to send the ball over the net and onto the ground of their opponents, with the added element of the sand court making it a little tougher to accomplish. Using rally scoring, teams may score on any serve. Due to the competitive play and easiness of rules, sand volleyball has grown in popularity around the world.
Inner tube water polo is a spinoff of the sport water polo, with participants having to compete while sitting in inflatable inner tubes. This allows for novice players to be able to experience the sport without the need of treading water and experiencing great physical contact. The game is played with seven (7) players per team, including a goalkeeper, and the winner is determined by whichever team scores the most goals on the opposing team.
Looking for something to do as the winter semester comes to an end? Come and play intramural volleyball at the IMSB! Played with six (6) players on each team, this sport allows time for socialization and fitness among its participants. Teams compete using rally scoring to send the ball over the net and onto the floor on their opponent's side of the net.
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PermaBurn is 640 private and secluded acres of land that is completely managed by its own members. It's a place designed specifically with burners in mind. A place where you can create, live, and breath the Burning Man lifestyle all year round.
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Self-organization in collective honeybee foraging: emergence of symmetry breaking, cross inhibition and equal harvest-rate distribution
- Han de Vries,
- Jacobus C. Biesmeijer
- … show all 2 hide
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De Vries and Biesmeijer described in 1998 an individual-oriented model that simulates the collective foraging behaviour of a colony of honeybees. Here we report how this model has been expanded and show how, through self-organization, three colony-level phenomena can emerge: symmetry breaking, cross inhibition and the equal harvest-rate distribution. Symmetry breaking is the phenomenon that the numbers of foragers visiting two equally profitable food sources will diverge after some time. Cross inhibition is the phenomenon that, by increasing the profitability of one of two equal food sources, the number of foragers visiting the other source will decrease. In some circumstances, the bees foraging on two sources of different profitabilities will be distributed between these sources such that the two average energy harvest rates are equal. We will refer to this phenomenon as the equal harvest-rate distribution. For each of these three phenomena, we show what the necessary behavioural rules to be followed by the individual forager bees are, and what the necessary circumstances are (that is, what values the model parameters should take) in order for these phenomena to arise. It seems that patch size and forager group size largely determine when each of these phenomena will arise. Experimenting with two types of currency, net gain rate and net gain efficiency, revealed that only gain rate may result in an equal harvest-rate distribution of foragers visiting different food sources.
- Title
- Self-organization in collective honeybee foraging: emergence of symmetry breaking, cross inhibition and equal harvest-rate distribution
- Journal
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
Volume 51, Issue 6 , pp 557-569
- Cover Date
- 2002-05
- 10.1007/s00265-002-0454-6
- Print ISSN
- 0340-5443
- Online ISSN
- 1432-0762
- Publisher
- Springer-Verlag
- Additional Links
- Topics
- Keywords
- Honeybee Collective foraging Communication Individual-oriented model Self-organization
- Industry Sectors
- Authors
- Han de Vries (A1)
- Jacobus C. Biesmeijer (A1)
- Author Affiliations
- A1. Department of Behavioural Biology, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.086, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands, The Netherlands


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