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if you want your MIC working
you need to boot the game on ios222 not on ios249.
and if you want better compatibility issue
install USB loader Configurable
and load your game on ios222-mload
my PS2 mic for GH world tour work PERFECTLY on ios222-mload!
hope this'll help your mic problem

subset: commoncrawl


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This is the best site out there for achieving unique designs and fast!
I just get so irritated with local designers producing designs that they want you to use. It's not about what the designer wants, it's about what you want and they are there to help me to achieve my goals.
When I came to design contest I was looking for a face for my company, never in my wildest dreams did I think I would have one inside of 7 days to my complete satisfaction. To think that inside of one week I had 155 awesome designs to choose from was amazing!
With DesignContest, we found the perfect design we were looking for Rachell Allen! We love the simple process of running a huge design contest capable of bringing together the most talented designers from all over the world. And not to mention, it is very affordable and reasonable because you get to choose your own budget!
Vladana Stepanets
Vladana Stepanets
TVBOY Production
Alistair Powell
Alistair Powell
Villages Rentals
Joseph Bailey
Joseph Bailey
Captain Slaughter
Ryan DeLeon
Ryan DeLeon
Rachell Allen Professionals
How does Logo Design Contest work
1Set up your brief
Just fill out simple online form and in just minutes, our designers will get started on your Logo Design right away!
2Review & provide feedback
Once designs have been submitted to your Logo Design contest, you`ll be able to rate each entry and provide feedback to designers. Rating entries is easy and quick, and helps to guarantee that you`ll get a Logo Design you love!
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
Please, change the font...100
3Pick a winning design!
Often the hardest step in the process, you`ll have so many great designs to choose from! Just pick the Logo Design you like best and we`ll do the rest.
Opacity 90%
Award gold?100Select medalistGold medalistPointer
100Silver medalist
Questions we frequently get
How much does Logo Design contest cost?
You are in control and can set your own budget for the contest, multiple prizes and other customizations that will make your contest appeal more to the designers. Higher prize promotes quality and attracts more designers, resulting in more variations for your new Logo Design. Customize your Logo Design contest and see final price by clicking Start a Contest button - You will not be charged until you decide to make your project live.
What if I do not like any entries?
We offer 100% Money Back Guarantee policy which, unlike other portals, refunds 100% of what you paid. If you don't like any of the design entries we will refund 100% of your payment.
Do I get Logo Design's copyrights transferred to me?
Yes, every graphic design made here at DesignContest will have Design Copyrights transferred to the client from the designer, unless opted out by client.
Can I protect my Logo Design project with the Non Disclosure Agreement (NDA)?
Yes, as part of the enhanced privacy feature client can have all who access their Logo Design project agree to the Non Disclosure Agreement (NDA).
I need full brand identity package - logo, business card, letterhead, powerpoint slide template and maybe a website design too
We suggest you start with logo design contest first, define you new design style, then move forward with your business cards and other designs you may need reflecting your new brand identity, colors and theme. You can even ask your contest's winning designer who really understands your style requirements to complete the rest of the designs through the One-on-One project. You may also start with Logo & Business Cards design contest, which would result in logo & business cards design package.
What if I'm not sure exactly what I want?
You've come to the right place! One of the biggest benefits of DesignContest crowdsourcing platform is the amount of choice and unique Logo Designs you will receive with your contest. You can then look through to find elements or entire designs that catch your eye and work with the designers towards that perfect Logo Design.
Should I run a contest or just hire a designer?
Maybe the most difficult part is finding the designer who really understands your needs and design style requirements. This is why it is best to start a contest, find your winner and (as enjoyed by many here) continue working with your designer through One-on-One project individually. We make it easy, simple and fast for anybody to find their designers and get the unique graphic design done in the most efficient way.
How many entries can I expect in my Logo Design contest?
The number of entries to expect is often determined by your Logo Design contest budget. Other customizations like for example Multiple Prizes, Guaranteed Contest and Featured Contest will attract more designers and promote creativity. You can see approximate expected number of design based on your budget and all available Logo Design contest's modification and promotions by clicking Start a Contest (no payment is required).
What should I include in Logo Design contest details?
The contest Brief details should ultimately tell the designers what you need in your Logo Design. Things like your company history, what do you want the design to reflect, how and where the design will be used, what designs or styles you like and don't like out there, is very helpful to the designers. When starting the contest our easy brief wizard will take you through all the steps that you need to have the complete Logo Design brief.
Can I upload images to show designers?
Yes! You can upload images and other files for the designers when you start your contest or you can add these files to your contest brief after your contest goes live.
Can I ask for modifications after I receive the Logo Design source files?
Absolutely! Most contest holder's take about a week to ask for modifications to their Logo Design. Once you are happy with the source files, you can close the contest completely and release the funds to the designer.
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After you have chosen a winner, the designer has 24 hours to prepare and send you the Logo Design source files.
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Create a logo for RVL Engineering, LLC. The company does cyber security and engineering (mechanical, electrical, nuclear) in the government sector.
We want a logo for our Business Consulting company that communicates that with our expertise, we can bring alignment to our customer's businesses and improve their profits, process and efficiency and thereby the quality of life for all involved. We would prefer to have a clean, modern and high end design.
Seeking a fresh new logo for our historic building. We have refurbished the interior of the building with very modern design concepts with classic architecture. We seek a modern yet classic design that shows where we reside in the heart of downtown Spokane, WA. We are home to a variety of unique local merchants on our lower levels with office space on our upper levels. We would like elements to show our location surrounded by iconic landmarks or elements of the exterior of the building itself.
We would like to keep the font for the word Liberty cohesive with the other logos we are currently using (Attahced) and keep the colors in the black, white, crimson and gold theme.
I would like to see proposals for a logo/identity for a technology consulting firm called Ravenswood Technology Group. The firm will service large enterprise customers with a focus on security, identity management, and the cloud.
Hacienda Paso del Norte is going to be an upscale shopping center. The Architecture is going to resemble an Old Colonial Mexican hacienda. (do research in cities like San Miguel de Allende, and other colonial cities in Mexico).
The center is going to be located in the border town of Ciudad Juarez, State of Chihuahua, our target market is the US customer. Its very important to research our city as well as the architecture of San Miguel de Allende.
The shopping center is going to host stores, casino, supermarket, pharmacy, restaurants, bars
Google haciendas de México, haciendas de chihuahua, haciendas de yucatan
High end software consultation firm.
This competition relates to a company logo for a novel grill. This is based on the classical tandoor clay pot cooking method hence the name Clay Genie.
1. How to cook in a tandoor (for those of you that are unfamiliar with this)"
2. What does a tandoor clay pot look like?
3. What does the image need to convey?
Intense heat
I like the symbology associated with Yogis (Indian holy men) in their meditative lotus position. Good graphics that might point you in the appropriate direction:
My ideal design would include the words "Clay Genie" and imagery of intense heat, the tandoor cooking vessel and the Indian holy man if possible.
The logo will probably go onto a stainless steel or black surface so would need to be distinctive and stand out.
Looking for a simple, creative logo for a polished concrete floor finish that creates a mirror like shine. The product is called MirrorCrete and used on construction products. company web page for product: http://www.floorseal.com/products/mirrorcrete/


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Gear Review
Shannon Mullins
SO comfy! Such a luxury to have while camping. Makes an afternoon nap under the trees absolute heaven! I got 2, 10 ft pieces of rope to use to tie this guy up and I can shove the hammock AND the rope all in the little "stuff sac" that's attached to the hammock. Sweet. Plus, both my boyfriend and I can nap in this together comfortably, so it is a generous "single" nest! :)
View More Details on Eagles Nest Outfitters SingleNest Hammock


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March 23, 2010
Photo Gallery
By David Lepre
Media Relations Assistant - New Mexico Athletics
With a bit of a chill still lingering in the air, the University of New Mexico football team took its first on-field steps toward the 2010 season Tuesday afternoon with the first day of spring football practice.
The newest members of the coaching staff, quarterback's coach David Reaves and wide receivers' coach Matt Wells, made their debuts as members of coach Mike Locksley's program on the practice field, as did transfers tackle Omar Castillo and wide receiver Lamar Thomas.
Locksley was pleased with his team's effort, if not wholly in its execution, during the chilly two-hour work session that felt more like a late November practice than one held in late March.
"It was Day One," Locksley said. "I thought our energy was pretty good. I thought our guys ran around pretty well. There's obviously still a lot of teaching and learning going on. We've got quite a few guys that didn't play at all last year and we're getting them back acclimated to the system - offensively, defensively and special teams."
The pace of the practice seemed every bit as quick as last season's, with the vast majority of time dedicated to individual position groups getting plenty technique and fundament work in. The team offense and defense did get in a little work against each other, with a break for the PAT and punt teams to get some reps as well.
Some of the highlights of the individual work included coach Wells' receivers running through a one-handed catch drill, the offensive linemen showing off their offseason agility work as they scurried through the bags for coach Mike Degory, offensive coordinator Darrell Dickey delivering crisp pitch after crisp pitch to his running backs, and defensive linemen muscling though the chutes and sleds for coach Rubin Carter.
The defensive backs welcomed former running back A.J. Butler to their ranks. Butler, a sophomore who rushed for 186 yards last season on 50 carries, looked to be learning his way around the secondary relatively quickly.
As is the case on college football practice fields across the country, the Lobos have the rust of the winter's break to shake off.
"It probably wasn't as crisp of a practice as I'd like to see, but it was Day One," Locksley said. "We've still got a lot of work to do, but it was nice to be outside today and make it through what looked like it was going to be rough weather."
Sophomores quarterback B.R. Holbrook and tight end Lucas Reed seemed right in step with Locksley's assessment.
"We're getting back into it," Reed said. "It was a little rough around the edges today. Coming off of spring break, we may not have been as sharp as the coaches were expecting. But, we're going to keep working, keep hitting it hard and try to get better each day."
"We've got a little bit of rust to shake off - I was a little bit rusty," Holbrook said. "I had to work on a minor detail in my mechanical work. I just need to get back into the flow of things."
Holbrook also gave his new position coach a pretty strong review.
"He gave me great feedback all day," Holbrook said of his first practice with Reaves. "Overall it was good. I enjoyed it."
Locksley and his staff are looking forward to the coming days.
"This is what you like to do," Locksley said. "Any chance you get to get to come out and be around the guys and coach football, it's a great situation for us as coaches."
The Lobos resume practice this Thursday at 4 p.m. and are scheduled to hold their first practice in full pads on Monday, March 29.


text:
Patricia W. Finn, MD. Department Chair
© Copyright 2014 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois
Academic Title: Professor of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics
Administrative Positions:
Division: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Location: 840 S. Wood St., (MC 640), Chicago, IL 60612
Phone: (312)569-
MD, Duke University Medical School, Durham , NC (1977)
Intern, Rush-
Resident, Rush-
Fellow, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (1982-
Faculty Positions:
Clinical Specialties
Research Interests
Selected Publications
Book Chapters
1. Unterman TG. Insulin-
Original Research Articles


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We are working with a group of investor that wants to purchase a hydroelectric power dam operating at a 40 % capacity due to poor maintenance and lack of funding for repairs. Nexus is facilitating the ongoing negotiation, assessing the risk, market potential and identifying the ROI.
International Conglomerate
We advised a group of investor that wanted to purchase a diamond mining company that became insolvent with an accumulated $149,000,000 in debt and facing bankruptcy. Nexus provided guidance and due diligence in assessing the potential worth of the untapped diamond concessions and if a bailout would be profitable.
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Category: Tips
Weekly Browsers Recap, February 8th
- FBI's Most Wanted: Your Browsing Activity
- The iPhone is the new Internet Explorer 6, says mobile developer
- IE8 is now the world's top browser, says NetApps, as XP falls
- Mozilla to remove legacy Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger code in Firefox
- Fake Firefox Update Pages Push Adware
- Firefox 3.6 tips and tweaks
- Accelerate Firefox 3.6 page scrolling
- Google Translate Integrated In Google Chrome 5
- Google Might Advertise Chrome, Nexus One or Google Apps at Super Bowl
- Finally! "Find in Page" Comes to Mobile Safari
- Huawei to preinstall Opera Mobile 10 on its phones for China
- Bolt Browser gets Updated to Version 1.6 – Brings New Features
Thanks to Demir, mabdul and Sebastian for links.
Open Firefox 3.6 Tabs in Far Right
Instead of opening new tabs in far right (right after the last tab), Firefox 3.6 uses bit different approach, which might not be appreciated by some of the users.
If you would like to change this behavior, here is a quick to follow tutorial:
Enter about:config in the address bar
Find tabs.insertRelatedAfterCurrent
Right-click on it and select "Toggle"
That's it. Enjoy.
Weekly Browsers Recap, February 1st
- UK government pledges support for MS Internet Explorer
- Browser Speed Tests: Firefox 3.6, Chrome 4, Opera 10.5, and Extensions
- The Snoopy Google Toolbar
- Enable the Tab Preview Menu Button in Firefox 3.6
- Firefox: People in Germany Are Switching Browsers
- No matter what Apple says, you can't get a rich web experience without Flash
- How to shorten URLs directly in Opera
- Opera Mini Server Upgrade to 4.15.2444
- Clickjacking problem in browsers persists
- Weave 1.0 now available for download
Thansk to Gala and mabdul for links.
Google Chrome: Installer Does Not Open?
Got any setup issues? If Google Chrome installer does not work for you (nothing happens, when opening it), there might be nothing wrong with it.
In fact, if you already have Chrome installed and trying to upgrade it, installation might run silently.
After you have "launched" setup, just open "About Google Chrome" and see version number. It's highly possible, that you are already running your preferred release.
Firefox: Hide Menu, Navigation Bar, Tabs, Bookmarks and Statusbar
Here is one more tip/extension for Firefox users. With simple add-on "Hide GUI Bars" you can hide various GUI elements, such as: menu, navigation bar, tabs, bookmarks and statusbar using toggle keys (CTRL+Shift+A).
Via FirefoxFacts.
How to Disable CTRL+Q (and other Hotkeys) in Firefox, Thunderbird
Ever accidentally pressed CTRL+Q or any other hot key, when you didn't really need that? Fortunately, extension called "keyconfig" will help you on this.
Not only you can change and disable hotkeys for Firefox and Thunderbird, but also: Sunbird, Flock, ChatZilla on XULRunner, Prism, Songbird, McCoy, SeaMonkey 2.0, etc.
keyconfig adds the ability to create new or modify existing shortcuts defined by a element, but only changing those which itself call a function (those with a command or oncommand attribute) has an effect (all others fulfill only cosmetic purposes it seems and are grayed out).
After it's installed, just hit Ctrl+Shift+F12 (Tools > Keyconfig), find CTRL+Q and click on "Disable" button. That's it.
Weekly Browsers Recap, January 25th
- Why there's no 64-bit Silverlight from Microsoft… yet
- Why Firefox is doomed
- Upgrade Firefox's Download Manager
- Firebug 1.5 released
- How to add command line switches to Google Chrome or Chromium
- 10 Great Google Chrome Extensions
- Bing Making Way to iPhone's Safari?
- Opera downloads in Germany doubled over the weekend
- Experiments with audio, part VI
- Skyfire For Symbian Brought Up To Speed
- Adobe Flash 10.1 allows private browsing
- Ruby Rendering in WebKit
- YouTube, Vimeo Try Out HTML 5.0 Video
- NetFront Browser v4.0
Thanks to mabdul and Nox for links.
Opera 10.50: Disable UI Animations (Slide/Fade in Effects)
If you are kind of person who does not like tabs and forms slide in/out, fade in/out animations, here is a quick way to disable them.
In the address bar type:
Uncheck "Enable UI Animations"
Save settings and you're done.
Run Flash on iPhone, iPod Safari Browser
Now here is something handy. A JavaScript runtime called Gordon (written by Tobias Schneider) allows you to run .swf files on your iPhone or iPod.
While you won't be able to view just about any page using Flash (sites need to add this runtime first), there are still some great things left to do; for instance: playing .swf games.
If you are curious enough, here are some of the flash demos already made.
Weekly Browsers Recap, January 18th
- Microsoft warns of IE bug used in Chinese attacks on Google
- Microsoft: upgrade to IE8, even though it's vulnerable
- Mozilla: No, Firefox XUL add-ons are not an endangered species
- 3 Ways to Quickly Find the Tab You Need (FireFox)
- Chrome For Mac Finally All Systems Go With Bookmark Manager
- Apple, It's Time To Delete Safari From The iPhone
- Opera Talks: J.D. Lien
- Get An Overload of Transparency With New Z1-Glass Skin For Opera 10.5
- NetFront Browser 4.0 "Concept Version" gets released


text: Tweet Image courtesy of ARKive.org media library Image courtesy of ARKive.org media library Species: Coelacanth (Latimeria chalumnae) Status: Critically Endangered (CR) Interesting Fact: The coelacanth is a member of an ancient lineage that has been around for over 360 million years. It may be the closest living relative to the first creature to walk on land! The enigmatic coelacanth was believed to have gone extinct with the dinosaurs until its remarkable rediscovery in 1938. Fossils have been found all over the world except for Antarctica. Living coelacanths have been found in deep submarine caverns, reefs and slopes in a number of locations off the coast of Africa. Unlike any other living animal, coelacanths have a hinged joint in the skull allowing the front part of the head to be lifted whilst feeding on fish such as cardinal fish, eels and skates. Coelacanths also have a large gel-filled cavity in the head, called the rostral organ, which can detect electric fields and may be used to locate prey or monitor its surroundings. Coelacanths are ovoviviparous (young develop inside the mother), and females may give birth to up to 26 pups. They are long lived, being thought to survive for up to 80 years. The coelacanth is a difficult species to monitor. It is accidentally caught on lines whilst local fishermen search the deep waters for other species. A low reproductive rate means this species is particularly vulnerable to the removal of pregnant females from the population. The coelacanth is on listed Appendix I of CITES, and localised, voluntary bans on fishing protect areas where this species is known to inhabit. Find out more about the coelacanth at the Australian Museum website. See footage and images of the coelacanth on ARKive. With thanks to @africanconserve for this suggested Endangered Species of the Week! If you would like to suggest an endangered species for us to profile, let us know via Twitter or Facebook. Lauren Pascoe, ARKive Media Researcher SUBSCRIBE TO NEWSLETTER Thank you, your sign-up request was successful! Please check your e-mail inbox. Given email address is already subscribed, thank you! Please provide a valid email address. Oops. Something went wrong. Please try again later.


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Running Opscenter v1.4.1 on RHEL64. I modified the /etc/opscenter/opscenterd.conf file to include the interface of the web server and the the IP address of the seed Cassandra node.
I have also manually installed the Opscenter Agent on the seed Cassandra node.
When I open up the Opscenter web page in Firefox 20.0.1 on a Windows 2003 server, I get the following message:
Error Loading OpsCenter Error:a[0] is undefined. This is my first forage into the Cassandra/Opscenter realm so it could be something silly.


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Register now for free, or sign in with any of these services:
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Select an edition for more focused local news coverage when you visit NOLA.com.
Don't worry. You can change this setting at any time to another local edition.
One QB will be more effective than the other, depending on who we're playing. We have the luxury of having a 'Pocket Passer' and/or a 'Play-maker'. Neither one of them is a great QB, but they get the job done.
I'm in the Army, and I've been to Qatar (and several other countries in the Mid-east). The majority of the people there are very friendly. The bottom line is, your distrust of people from Arabic countries is pure racism and prejudice. Plain and simple.
I co-sign every word of this statement!
So many 'black' and 'white' comments... No wonder everybody thinks we're a bunch of racists in this city.
While I don't totally disagree with youths tidying up their appearance, it does violate certain civil liberties. Still, I find it very difficult to disagree with the judge...
I'm a black man, and I'm offended by that comment.
What the hell is up with this jury?! Do your civic duty! Weigh the friggin' evidence carefully, and decide this man's fate! Then you can go home and read your bible as much as you want.
Skimming money from nonprofit groups dedicated to helping impoverished New Orleanians? You're already pretty well-off, why steal from those who are struggling? People like that have no place walking among decent folks.
I'm surprised the Navy just let him out without referring him to a civilian therapist. I'm a Reservist in the Army, and the Navy is well-known for their excellence in medical care. The guy just slipped thru the cracks, I suppose.
Yeah... You can just look at that face and tell something's not quite right there.
The only people who would disagree with this proposal are blue-blood 'elitist' whose mommy and daddy paid for college. Most of us had to take out student loans, join the military, or both. Thus, we understand the need for reform.
RhettsWife: "Grants" do not have to be repaid
Draggers33: "too many people in college"? What planet are you on?!
gimmiesomin, was that really necessary?
Some of these comments had me laughing out loud at work! Funny stuff!
wcquantrill, why make this racial? People have talked about how far America has come, yet there are still people like you floating around like it's 1959. Stupidity knows no racial boundary, and people like you and these 2 idiots make that very clear.
Why do people insist on mentioning Obama every time a crime is mentioned? Are all black people responsible for the actions of a few? Are all white people to blame for the actions of a few? You people really need to get with the times. America has progressed and you should too... or, get left behind.
Poor, defenseless kid. Only a few weeks into his life and already at a disadvantage. I hope he gets adopted by a loving family.
How is Georgia Tech ranked #22 and LSU ranked #95?! Didn't LSU beat the stank out of Ga Tech?!
Posted by wcquantrill
B. Hussein Obama is next...
Posted by 34zip
president Hussein will end up being the most corrupt POTUS ever.
I love sore losers! I especially love racist ones. I get a warm fuzzy just knowing that you are really hating life right now. It's too bad you guys have to hide behind the anonymity of the internet. I'd love to laugh at you in person.
Police arrested McCullough without incident Sunday at about 2 a.m. He was booked with attempted second-degree murder.
Does this mean she gets to live in his house rent-free? That would be poetic justice, right there!
6-ft tall 155 pounds?!? I wish he'd threaten me like that. I'd stomp a mud-hole in his little a$$!


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Sir James Dyson may create 700 jobs at Malmesbury HQ
Posted: January 22, 2014|
Inventor Sir James Dyson is set to unveil major plans for a massive expansion of his West headquarters, which could ultimately see as many as 700 new jobs created, writes Tristan Cork.
Dyson has bought a large swathe of land to the south and west of his large "ideas factory" on the outskirts of the Wiltshire town of Malmesbury, and plans to build a new complex for staff, as well as increased car parking.
The plans even include a sports facility for staff and community use, as well as a helipad for Sir James and visiting VIPs. Four new buildings are being planned to surround the firm's strikingly-designed headquarters, which has already expanded once in the late 1990s, soon after the then-fledgling firm moved from nearby Chippenham.
Dyson is planning a stand-alone new research facility, as well as moving all the non-technical staff – the firm's administration and customer call centre departments – to a more "visitor-friendly" separate building, which will give the company a more "public front".
Dyson is one of the most secure buildings in the West, with the firm keen to maintain its industrial secrets. Last year it sacked a worker who it suspected of being a spy for one of its rivals, and asked civic leaders working on Malmesbury's Neighbourhood Plan last year to earmark the land surrounding the factory as a 'buffer zone' to prevent development which might compromise its security.
The new admin building would free up space to house yet more engineers and designers in the main building, with a new staff restaurant block also created. More car parking to the west of the site would also include a mini sports facility, with indoor and outdoor multi-use sports courts.
The news was warmly welcomed at a recent presentation to community leaders formulating the town's Neighbourhood Plan, and a presentation to town councillors has been lined up for next Tuesday evening.
Dyson is also planning to stage an exhibition of its plans to residents early in February, and is keen for an easier ride to tentative expansion plans back in 2000.
Back then, Sir James Dyson said he wanted to double the size of his factory, which then built the vacuum cleaners and washing machines the firm produced. But his idea met a mixed reception from townsfolk, but the plans were eventually binned when the neighbouring landowner, Lord Morton, refused to sell the land as he had aspirations to build 1,000 new homes and a supermarket there.
Within a few years, Dyson shipped the manufacturing jobs to Malaysia, and turned the factory into the biggest research and development centre in the country.
The firm currently employs around 1,800 staff, and with all the stages of the expansion plans, could employ as many as 2,500 in five or ten years' time. The plans would also include improvements to the road network in and around Dyson's north Malmesbury facility.
"I'd obviously like to welcome this expansion of a first class local business," said North Wiltshire MP James Gray. "We're all very proud to have Dyson in north Wiltshire, and as an outstanding business, it is no surprise it needs more space.
"I'm confident that the new expansion will be designed sensitively to the environment as this is the very edge of the town, and encroaches into the countryside. It's great to welcome the extra investment in the local economy," he added.
It is understood the Dyson expansion will be developed in stages, and could even boost small local businesses, who are suffering a shortage of available premises. With the expansion, Dyson would give up a number of industrial units at a neighbouring business park, freeing them up for new firms.


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Loop of eight sine impulsions with sweep effects between the notes, repeated four times. Obtained with max/msp.
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Daily News Archives
Perchlorate, also used in road flares and fireworks, is a toxic chemical that can interfere with the thyroid gland by hampering its ability to absorb iodide – a process critical to the normal creation of thyroid hormones. Even a slight tampering of the thyroid system can result in serious damage in neurological development and endocrine and central nervous systems in fetuses and children. Apparently, the National Research Council also said EPA's assessment relied too heavily on animal studies and disputed the agency's conclusion that exposure can lead to thyroid cancer.
In 2003, the Bush administration ordered the National Academies' National Research Council (NRC) to perform a review of EPA's assessment of perchlorate.
Pentagon officials and arms manufacturers, who face hefty bills for cleaning up water contaminated with perchlorate, argued that any perchlorate level below 200 ppb in drinking water is safe," writes ENS. "The panel agreed the reference dose used by the EPA was too high and determined daily ingestion of up to 0.0007 milligrams per kilogram of body weight can occur without adverse health effects."
According to the ENS, the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) have internal government documents showing "'uncommon, extensive involvement by White House and Pentagon officials to limit the scope of NAS' inquiry and select the panelists, as well as collaboration among the White House, Pentagon and DOD contractors to influence the panel.'
Senator Barbara Boxer, a California Democrat, said the documents obtained by NRDC show that 'once again, the administration has let its friendships with special interests groups stand in the way of protecting the health of the people of this country.'
Bush administration officials denied the allegation and the National Research Council said the report was not subject to political influence."
Jim Reisa, director of the NRC's Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology vehemently defended the Council's study saying that it was part of a vigorous peer review process.
This is the second time the prestigious and usually well-trusted NRC has come under intense heat for producing highly questionable conclusions in the name of science and toward the aim of protecting public health.
The last time was in February last year when a NRC review concluded that pesticide testing on humans is ethical if done with the right protocols (see Daily News story). That position was later well-disputed in analysis by author and doctor, Alan Lockwood (see Daily News story). Still, the NRC is quickly being cast in a new light under an administration that has been accused by renowned scientists themselves of distorting scientific findings and manipulating experts' advice (see Union of Concerned Scientists report).


text:
Billings artists Dana Zier and Laura Marie Anderson are teaming up to paint a mural on the alley side of Limber Tree Yoga, 212 N. 29th St.
The mural, titled "Sunset Paradise," will start going up Friday.
Zier, owner of Big Sky Blue Gallery, said Limber Tree owner Sharli Kiner wanted to have a mural since Limber Tree opened in September 2012.
Mural samples were shown, ideas were generated, sketches were submitted for approval and finally the color sample approved by Kiner and the building's owner, Bruce Lee.
Zier painted her first mural with Ivan Long on the Roberts Elevator in 1997. Since that time she has completed more than 130 murals, both public and private.
Anderson has painted with Zier for years, from the time they met in college. They have collaborated on a few murals together, and Anderson has painted more than 10 murals.
The "Anytime Fitness Mountain" was the last collaborative mural Zier and Anderson completed.


text:
Rocky Mountain Research Station Publications
RMRS Online Publication - Journal
Articles, External Publications, and Special Reports
Wood-boring insect abundance in fire-injured ponderosa pine
Costello, Sheryl L.; Negron, Jose F.; Jacobi, William R. 2011. Wood-boring insect abundance in fire-injured ponderosa pine. Agricultural and Forest Entomology. 13: 373-381.
doi: 10.1111/j.1461-9563.2011.00531.x
Wood-boring larvae in the families Cerambycidae and Buprestidae are often found in high densities in burned trees after wildland fires. They play an important role in tree decomposition, often reducing the value of salvageable timber, and represent an important avian food source.
Keywords: Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, fire severity, wood-boring insects, woodpeckers
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Publications: Wood-boring insect abundance in fire-injured ponderosa
Electronic Publish Date: May 29, 2012
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The disclosure describes methods for using digital watermarking to authenticate digital media signals, such as images, audio and video signals. It also describes techniques for using embedded watermarks to repair altered parts of a media signal when alteration is detected. Alteration is detected using hashes, digital watermarks, and a combination of hashes and digital watermarks.
1. A tangible computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions comprising:
instructions to decode an auxiliary signal imperceptibly embedded into a host signal, wherein the host signal represents a first content object;
instructions to decompress the decoded auxiliary signal to yield a signal representing a second content object; and
instructions to compare the first and second content objects for perceptual similarity, to authenticate the host signal.
2. A method comprising:
Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG)-compressing media data; and
embedding data resulting from the JPEG-compressing into the media data, using a hardware processor, wherein the media data comprises audio or visual information, and wherein the embedding comprises altering the media data to steganographically encode the data resulting from the JPEG-compressing therein.
3. The method of
4. A method comprising:
identifying a first set of data, a second set of data, and a third set of data within processed host data;
calculating a hash of the first and second sets of data using a hardware processor;
decoding auxiliary data imperceptibly embedded in the second set of data;
decoding auxiliary data imperceptibly embedded in the third set of data;
combining the auxiliary data decoded from the second set of data with auxiliary data in the first set of data to yield a new set of host data; and
determining the new set of host data to be authenticated if the calculated hash matches the auxiliary data decoded from the third set of data.
5. The method of
6. The method of
7. An apparatus comprising:
a decoder configured to decode an auxiliary signal imperceptibly embedded into a host signal, wherein the host signal represents a first content object,
wherein the decoder is further configured to decompress the decoded auxiliary signal to yield a signal representing a second content object, and
wherein the decoder is configured to compare the first and second content objects for perceptual similarity, to authenticate the host signal.
8. A tangible computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions comprising:
instructions to divide a received media signal into blocks;
instructions to extract hidden compressed bit streams of a first region of a block from a second region in the block;
instructions to evaluate whether the block is altered by comparing the extracted compressed bit streams for the block with the media signal in the first region of the block; and
if an altered block is detected by the comparison, instructions to use a hash to identify a location of altered data, and use an extracted compressed bit stream to replace the altered data.
9. A watermarking system comprising:
a decoder configured to receive a first set of data representing a first content object and generate a second set of data representing a second content object that is perceptually similar to the first content object; and
an encoder configured to digitally watermark the second set of data into the first set of data.
10. The watermarking system of
11. The watermarking system of
wherein the second set of data comprises a plurality of symbols, and
wherein the encoder is configured to associate the plurality of symbols with a corresponding sorting order, determine if the initial sorting order of the group matches the corresponding sorting order, and, if not, alter the group of samples to have the corresponding sorting order.
12. The watermarking system of
13. A tangible computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions comprising:
instructions to Joint Photograph Experts Group (JPEG)-compress media data; and
instructions to embed data resulting from the JPEG-compressing into the media data, wherein the media data comprises audio or visual information, and wherein the embedding includes altering the media data to steganographically encode the data resulting from the JPEG-compression therein.
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 10/035,830, filed Oct. 18, 2001 (now U.S. Pat. No. 7,389,420), which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Applications 60/247,389, filed Nov. 8, 2000, 60/260,907, filed Jan. 10, 2001, and 60/284,594, filed Apr. 17, 2001. The foregoing applications are hereby incorporated by reference.
The present technology relates to stenography, data hiding, and particularly, digital watermarking of multimedia signals.
Digital watermarking is a process for modifying physical or electronic media to embed a machine-readable code into the media. The media may be modified such that the embedded code is imperceptible or nearly imperceptible to the user, yet may be detected through an automated detection process. Most commonly, digital watermarking is applied to media signals such as images, audio signals, and video signals. However, it may also be applied to other types of media objects, including documents (e.g., through line, word or character shifting), software, multi-dimensional graphics models, and surface textures of objects.
Digital watermarking systems typically have two primary components: an encoder that embeds the watermark in a host media signal, and a decoder that detects and reads the embedded watermark from a signal suspected of containing a watermark (a suspect signal). The encoder embeds a watermark by altering the host media signal. The reading component analyzes a suspect signal to detect whether a watermark is present. In applications where the watermark encodes information, the reader extracts this information from the detected watermark.
Several particular watermarking techniques have been developed. The reader is presumed to be familiar with the literature in this field. Particular techniques for embedding and detecting imperceptible watermarks in media signals are detailed in the assignee's application Ser. No. 09/645,779, filed Aug. 24, 2000 (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,714,683), 09/689,293, filed Oct. 11, 2000 (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,683,966), 09/503,881 filed Feb. 14, 2000 (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,614,914) and U.S. Pat. No. 5,862,260, which are hereby incorporated by reference.
The present technology provides methods for embedding hidden data in media signals, and methods for extracting this embedded data to detect alteration of the signal as well as to repair the altered portion of the signal. One aspect of the technology is a method for hiding auxiliary data in a media signal. This method compresses a first media signal, and embeds the first media signal into a second media signal. In one implementation, the second media signal is part of the first signal, and the compressed part of the signal is extracted and used to repair altered portions of the media signal.
Another aspect of the technology is a method of decoding auxiliary data that has been imperceptibly embedded into a host signal. The method decodes the auxiliary signal, which represents a compressed version of the host signal. It then decompresses the compressed version, and uses the decompressed version to authenticate the host signal.
Another aspect of the technology is a method of digitally watermarking media content. The method selects non-overlapping blocks A, B and C of the media content; losslessly compresses blocks B and C of the content to form compressed content; watermark embeds the compressed content into block B of the media content to form a new block B′; creates a hash of block A and B′; watermark embeds the hash into block C to create a new block C′; and combines blocks A, B′ and C′ to form watermarked media content.
A compatible watermark decoder compares the hash with a new hash calculated from the watermarked media content to determine whether the watermarked media content is authentic. The decoder reconstructs original un-watermarked media content by using watermark decoding to extract the compressed content and decompressing the compressed content.
Another aspect of the technology is a method for encoding a reversible watermark in a media signal. The method embeds a watermark message signal into a reference media signal to create a watermarked reference signal, where the watermark message signal includes information about a watermark embedder function used to embed the watermark message signal into the reference signal. The method subtracts the reference signal from the watermarked reference signal to form a difference signal, and adds the difference signal to a host media signal to embed the watermark message signal in the host signal. The adding of the difference signal is reversible by decoding the information about the watermark embedder function from the host media signal, using the information about the watermark embedder function to re-compute the difference signal, and subtracting the difference signal from the host media signal to restore the host signal.
Another aspect of the technology is a method for authenticating a watermarked media signal that has been watermarked using a watermark embedding function on an un-watermarked version of the media signal. This method decodes a watermark message from the watermarked media signal, wherein the watermark message includes a hash of the un-watermarked media signal and watermark embedding information used by the watermark embedding function to create the watermarked media signal. It transforms the watermark embedding information and hash into a watermark difference signal using the watermark embedding function. It subtracts the watermark difference signal from the watermarked media signal to restore the un-watermarked media signal. The method computes a new hash of the restored, un-watermarked media signal, and compares the new hash with the hash decoded from the watermarked media signal to determine the authenticity of the watermarked media signal.
Further features of the invention will be more readily apparent from the following detailed description, which proceeds with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Authentication Watermarking Using Sorting Order Embedding To Embed a Compressed Bit Stream in Another Signal
This section describes fragile and semi-fragile watermarking methods and related systems and applications. One method embeds a compressed bit stream into a host media signal. In particular, a watermark encoder embeds a compressed version of at least a part of the host media signal into the host signal. To authenticate a watermarked signal, a compatible decoder extracts the watermark to recover the compressed version and decompresses it. The decompressed signal may be compared with the watermarked signal to detect alteration.
This section also describes a sorting order watermark embedding method and compatible decoder. In this method, an embedder modulates the sorting order of selected sets of samples in a media signal to encode auxiliary information in that signal. The decoder analyzes the sorting order of the sets of samples, and maps the sorting orders to a corresponding message symbols.
The following sections present a fragile watermarking method for media signal authentication. The method creates a hash of a host media signal, such as a digital image, and embeds the hash back into the host signal. In particular, one implementation employs a compressed bit stream as the hash and embeds the bit stream into the signal by a sorting order embedder.
While other forms of hashes may be used, compression tools are particularly useful for generating a hash of a signal for use in authenticating that signal. For image signals, the image compression tools (for example, the image compression standard JPEG 2000) available today achieve exceptional compression performance. Even at a very low bit rate, the compression tools provide good image quality, both subjectively and objectively.
To authenticate a signal using the compressed signal as a hash, a watermark decoder first extracts the compressed bit stream. Next, the decoder constructs a decompressed signal from the bit stream. By comparison of the signal to be authenticated and the constructed decompressed image, one can tell whether or not the image is authentic or altered.
If the signal is not authentic, the decoder can also locate the altered region and recover that region from the constructed decompressed signal.
The following sections illustrate a watermarking implementation for authenticating images. In this implementation, the embedder computes the hash of the host image using the image compression standard JPEG 2000. JPEG 2000 is a wavelet-based image compression system. For more information see, M. J. Gormish, D. Lee, and M. W. Marcellin, "JPEG 2000: Overview, architecture, and applications," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Image Processing, September 2000. D. Taubman, E. Ordentlich, M. Weinberger, G. Seroussi, I. Ueno, and F. Ono, "Embedded block coding in JPEG 2000," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Image Processing, September 2000. W. Zeng, S. Daly, and S. Lei, "Point-wise extended visual masking for JPEG-2000 image compression," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Image Processing, September 2000.
JPEG 2000 can compress several different types of still images (bi-level, gray-level, color) with different characteristics (natural images, scientific, medical, military imagery, text, and rendered graphics). Its compression performance is a significant improvement over discrete cosine transform (DCT) based JPEG. G. Wallace, "The JPEG still picture compression standard," Communications of the ACM, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 30-44, 1991.
In JPEG 2000, a discrete wavelet transform (DWT) first decomposes an image into spatial frequency subbands. See, Stephane Mallat, "A theory of multiresolution signal decomposition: the wavelet representation," IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 11, no. 7, pp. 675-693, 1989.
Each subband is then partitioned into several blocks. Each block is coded independently into embedded block bit stream by the EBCOT algorithm. See, D. Taubman, "High performance scalable image compression with EBCOT," IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, July 2000. The EBCOT algorithm quantizes the wavelet coefficients, groups the quantization bits by context modeling, and uses the MQ binary arithmetic coder to further compress the bit stream. Finally the output of MQ coder from all blocks are collected into packets to form the JPEG 2000 bit stream.
Besides its exceptional compression performance, JPEG 2000 provides quality scalability, resolution scalability, and spatial scalability. In addition, a lower bit rate image can be constructed by truncating the bit stream of a higher bit rate.
In fragile watermarking applications, the watermark is designed to detect changes in the signal in which it is embedded. One approach is to create a hash of the host signal and embed the hash back into the host signal. The hash size should not be too large since it will tend to degrade the quality of the signal in which it is embedded. However, to increase the accuracy of authentication, the hash should be as large as possible.
The implementation makes this tradeoff and takes advantage of the compression performance of JPEG 2000 by using the compressed bit stream from JPEG 2000 as the hash of a digital image.
The implementation of the embedding process is as follows.
The implementation of the authentication process is as follows.
A detailed example of the embedding and authentication processes is explained below.
As an example, we apply the watermarking method presented above to an image. In this example, the image is compressed at a compression ratio 32:1 and the compressed bit stream is embedded in the spatial domain. As such, on average, one message bit of information is embedded into every four pixels.
The embedder uses a sorting order method to embed one message bit into a 2 by 2 block of pixels. The sorting order embedder sorts all pixels values in the block. In a 2 by 2 block, there are 81 possible sorting orders. The embedder partitions all possible sorting orders into two groups, S1 and S0. If the message bit to be embedded is 0, and the current sorting order is in S0, no action is needed. If the sorting order is in S1, the embedder modifies these four pixel values so that the new sorting order will be in S0. The message bit "1" is embedded similarly.
After each of the compressed bit stream is embedded, the result is a watermarked image in which the watermark is imperceptible.
To authenticate the watermarked image, the compressed bit stream is extracted from the sorting order decoder and a decompressed image is constructed. If the watermarked image has been modified after watermarking, the modification can be detected by comparing the image to be authenticated and the decompressed image. In addition, the altered region can be located and recovered from the decompressed image.
Based on the preceding description, the following points can be made:
The disclosure describes a method of watermarking content, particularly images, in a manner that enables authenticity of the content to be verified (e.g., determine whether the content has been altered) and also enables the original un-watermarked content to be re-constructed.
The following description details a watermark embedding method, a corresponding authentication and recovery method, and an example implementation. The watermark embedding method is as follows:
[1] Divide the digital image I into three non-overlapping regions A, B, and C. For example, A could be a spatial block, a frequency band, the six most significant bits, etc.
[2] Losslessly compress B and C, and use a watermark encoding process to store the compressed bit stream in B, which results in a new B′. Examples of lossless compression techniques include, for example, entropy coding methods like Huffman coding, arithmetic coding, etc.
For example, if m=150, n=81, we have
As it can be easily seen, we can retrieve m and n from a and b.
[2] For a digital image, we apply the haar transform row by row, then column by column, as like a one level wavelet transform. We can also define the low frequency L (from the a part) and high frequency H (from the b part), as in a wavelet domain.
[3] We take the LL (the average part from a) as region A.
[4] We take the last 160 bits from HH as region C.
[5] We take the LH, HL, and HH except the last 160 bits as region B.
[6] Arithmetic coding on all bits from LH, HL, and HH, and store the compressed bit stream in B.
[7] Run the secure hash algorithm on A and B, and generate a 160-bit hash.
[8] Store the 160-bit hash in C.
Appendix A of application 60/260,907 includes source code in MatLab format for the watermark embedding and decoding implementation described above.
Before applying lossless compression in [6], the implementation prepares the integer coefficients, x, for lossless compression as follows:
Sign(x)=1, when x>=0.
Sign(x)=0, when x<0.
The absolute value of x (abs(x)) is set to abs(x)+1. The resulting number is represented as a binary sequence, b1b2 . . . bn, where bi=0,1. Since b1 is always 1, the implementation does not code b1.
In other words,
b1b2 . . . bn is represented as b2 . . . bn.
The new binary string, b1b2 . . . bn, is used as input to the lossless coding process, which in this implementation is an arithmetic coder described in "Arithmetic coding for data compression", I. H. Witten, R. Neal, and J. G. Cleary, Communications of the ACM, 30:520-540, June 1987, which is hereby incorporated by reference. An example source code implementation of the arithmetic coder is provided in this paper.
In decoding, the inverse of the lossless coding method is used to reconstruct b2 . . . bn, which is then used to reconstruct x by performing the inverse of the method described above.
Content Authentication and Recovery from Tampering Using Embedded Compressed Bit Streams
This section describes a method for authenticating a media signal and for restoring regions of the signal when tampering has been detected.
To illustrate the method, we use the example of a digital image, though it also applies to other media signal types like audio and video signals. The method determines whether local regions of an image have been altered, and if so, recovers the tampered regions.
There are two components to the method: the embedder and the detector. The embedder calculates a hash of an input digital image, and embeds the hash into the digital image. The detector re-computes the hash of a suspect image, extracts the hash from the image, and finally, compares the re-computed and extracted hashes. If they differ, it proceeds to recover tampered regions. A more detailed description of an implementation follows below.
The embedder partitions a digital image into two non-overlapping regions. The first region is relatively large compared to the second, and contains most of the perceptually important visual content. The second region is smaller and contains almost no perceptually important visual content.
The embedder embeds a hash of the first region into the second region. Preferably the hash should have the following attributes:
In one implementation, the embedder divides the image into blocks, then partitions each block into regions (namely, region I and region II). One example partitioning is to separate the most significant bits from the least significant bits (e.g., for an 8 bit per pixel image, region I comprises the 7 most significant bits and region II comprises the least significant bit). Next, it compresses region I of each block to compute a hash for that block. In particular, it performs a JPEG 2000 compression of region I. It then embeds the compressed bit stream of region I of a block (a source block) into region II of one or more different blocks (the target block(s)). This process is repeated for each block such that each block carries the compressed bit stream of one or more other blocks.
One example implementation uses a JPEG 2000 compression ratio of 32:1 to create the hash, but the actual compression ratio chosen can vary depending on data hiding capacity, image quality, and confidence level. For added security, the hash (namely, the compressed bit stream) is modulated by a pseudo random binary sequence.
The embedding process proceeds as follows:
The fragile hash is referred to as "fragile" because even slight modifications of the data input to the hash create different hash outputs. Examples include MD4, MD5, SHS, a check sum, etc. In one implementation, the embedder computes the fragile hash of the modulated, compressed bit stream for the source block.
The number of sub-regions of region II may vary. In one implementation where the compression ratio is 32:1, we use 4 sub-regions. As such, there are three redundant instances of the compressed bit stream for each block, and one fragile hash. Generally speaking, the embedder embeds repeated instances of a first hash (the compressed bit stream), and one or more instances of a fragile hash of the first hash. We refer to the first hash as the "redundant hash."
To authenticate a suspect image, a detector reverses the embedding process. It proceeds as follows:
There are a number of possible schemes for verifying the authenticity using the redundant hashes (e.g., the compressed bit streams) and the fragile hash (the hash of the redundantly embedded hash). In one implementation, the detector compares each of the extracted redundant hashes for a block with the re-computed hash for that block and signals that tampering has occurred when at least one of the extracted hashes does not match the re-computed hash.
In this implementation, there are three possibilities when the detector finds tampering:
The fragile hash of the source block serves as a guide for recovering the original image data of the tampered target block. When there is a mis-match between the re-computed version of the redundant hash and one or more of the embedded redundant hashes for a source block, the detector extracts the embedded fragile hash and compares it with the fragile hash of each of the redundant hashes for the source block as well as the fragile hash of the re-computed hash. If the embedded fragile hash matches the fragile hash of the re-computed hash of the source block, then the MSBs of the source block have not been altered. However, tampering has occurred in the LSBs of the target blocks for which the fragile hash does not match.
If the embedded fragile hash does not match the fragile hash of the source block, but does match the fragile hash of one or more of the embedded hashes for that block, then the MSBs of the source block have been altered. Any one of the compressed bit streams with matching fragile hashes can then be used to reconstruct the MSBs of the source block. In particular, the compressed bit stream extracted from one of the target blocks is decompressed and used to replace the MSBs of the source block.
If the embedded fragile hash does not match the fragile hash of the re-computed hash or the fragile hash of any of the embedded redundant hashes, then the detector forms a new bit stream for the source block by combining the compressed bit stream for that block and the embedded bit streams for that block. One way to combine these data sets is to pick the bit value for each bit that occurs most frequently. If the compressed bit stream for the source block does not match the stream formed by combining these data sets, then the stream formed from combining the data sets can be decompressed to reconstruct an approximation of the original source block.
There are number of possible variations to this process. For example, the redundant hashes for a particular block can be used as an error correction code, where the redundant hashes are extracted from the target blocks and combined to form a single composite hash. This composite hash can be used to reconstruct the source block when the detector determines that it has been altered using the analyses described above. Either the composite hash or the individual instances of the redundant hash may be compared with the recomputed hash to detect alteration. Further, the extracted fragile hash can then be compared with the fragile hash of the source block, and the fragile hash of the composite hash or the individual instances of the redundant hash to detect alteration.
While the above technique is illustrated for images, it may also be applied to video and audio signals. For example, the same technique may be applied to video frames. Also, the technique may be applied to a digital audio signal by segmenting the audio signal into blocks, partitioning those blocks into regions, and compressing the first region of each block and embedding it into the second region of one or more other blocks.
The above technique may also be applied to compressed bit streams representing images, video or audio. For example, the compressed bit stream is segmented into blocks, and the blocks are partitioned into regions, one region containing perceptually relevant information, and another region containing less perceptually relevant information. A hash or compressed version of the first region of each block is then embedded into one or more of the second regions of other blocks.
Reversible Watermarking and Authentication of Media Signals
The following description details a digital watermarking process where the watermark embedding process is reversible from the standpoint that it enables recovery of the original unmodified host signal. The particular method described below inserts information about the embedding function into a watermark message payload. The payload includes two components: the watermark message (which includes a hash of the host image for authentication applications) and the embedding function information. In the watermark detection stage, when the payload is successfully decoded, it unveils the embedding function information. Based on such information, the watermarked image (or other media content like audio, video) undergoes the reverse of the embedding procedure to remove the watermark and derive the original, un-watermarked image.
The following is an example of an implementation for a grayscale image using a watermark embedder plugin of the Adobe Photoshop program from Digimarc Corporation:
[1] For an image X, create a hash H of X. The hashing function could be the secure hashing algorithm, (SHA-1), 2-D hashing, compressed bit stream, etc.
[2] Create a mid-gray image G with all pixel values being 128. This image G serves as a reference signal.
[3] Watermark G using the Adobe Photoshop watermark embedder plugin, where the payload consists of H and the watermark durability. If the watermark durability is fixed at some constant known to the detector, e.g., 1 (or another constant), then the watermark durability does not need to be put into payload. Assume the watermarked image is G′.
The subtraction of the reference signal G from the watermarked reference signal G′ gives a watermark difference signal, D=G′−G.
As an alternative to steps [1-4], the implementer may create a difference signal by the following steps:
[a] form the watermark message from the hash, watermark embedder information (a gain value), and error detection bits (e.g., CRC bits),
[b] perform error correction encoding of the message (such as convolution encoding, BCH encoding, etc.),
[c] multiplying or XORing the resulting binary number with a binary antipodal pseudorandom sequence generated from a key seed number to form a spread spectrum signal, and
[d] mapping the spread spectrum signal into a two dimensional image and multiplying the image pixel values by the gain value to form a watermark difference signal D.
[5] X′ will be the watermarked image of X.
[1] Use the Digimarc watermark reader plugin in Adobe Photoshop to detect a possibly watermarked image X′.
Alternatively, the implementer may create a watermark reader compatible with the alternative embedder described above:
[a] cross correlate the watermarked image with the pseudorandom sequence mapped into an image to decode estimates of error correction encoded bits.
[b] perform error correction decoding of the message bit estimates (such as convolution encoding, BCH encoding, etc.).
[c] use decoded error detection bits to check for errors to determine if valid message is present. If so, the detection process has succeeded.
[2] If [1] of the detection process has succeeded, watermark the mid-gray image G with the decoded payload. Assume the watermarked image is G″. Alternatively, create a watermark difference signal, D′, from the decoded payload using embedder steps [4] [a-d].
The discrete values of a digital media signal are usually bounded in a fixed range. For example, in an eight bit grayscale image, the pixel value is an integer between 0 and 255. Thus, when the embedder adds a watermark difference signal D to an image X, it takes into account the overflow and underflow problems. The overflow refers to the case when the pixel value is above the upper limit (which will be larger than 255 in a eight bit grayscale image); the underflow refers to the case when the pixel value is below the lower limit (which will be lower than 0 in a eight bit grayscale image).
In the embedding stage, when an overflow (or underflow) happens at some pixel, the embedder records the pixel location and the overflow (or underflow) value, which is the difference between the upper (or lower) limit and the pixel value. For example, after adding the watermark difference signal D, if the pixel value x′ is 256, then the embedder records the location of x′ and the overflow value 1, and changes the value of x′ to 255; Similarly if the pixel value x″ is −1, then the embedder records the location of x″ and the underflow value −1, and changes the value of x″ to 0.
The watermark embedding is processed block by block, where the image is subdivided into contiguous rectangular blocks of pixels. The overflow and underflow locations and values of one block are stored in the payload of another block. Such overflow and underflow information can also be employed for authentication, since the pixel values at overflow locations must be 255 in the case of eight bit grayscale, and the pixel values at underflow locations must be 0 in the case of eight bit grayscale.
In one implementation, the overflow and underflow pixel locations and values for a first image block are included as part of the watermark embedder information in the watermark payload embedded in a second image block, such as a neighboring block, or a block that has a relationship with the first block specified by a key. This key may be an index to the first block embedded in the second block, or an offset specifying the position of the block from which the data originated. At decoding, the decoder decodes the payload information, including the overflow/underflow information, and uses this information to restore the original image after decoding step [3] and before authentication step [4].
After correcting for overflow/underflow errors for a particular block, the decoder then recomputes the hash of the restored image block and compares it with the hash decoded from the watermark payload. If the hash does not match, the image block is not authentic. Otherwise, it is deemed authentic. This process is repeated for other watermarked blocks in the image to check their authenticity.
A watermarked block of samples may carry the overflow/underflow data for more than one other block, as long as the data in that watermark payload specifies from which other block that data originated (e.g., using a block index or offset). Also, if the watermark embedder strength is uniform across an image or part of an image, it need not be carried in every block. Instead, one block can carry the strength parameter that applies to many blocks, along with a parameter indicating the blocks to which that parameter should be applied. In this manner, watermark control parameters for two or more blocks may be stored in the watermark payload of a single block. This block based embedding of control parameters enables the watermark control parameters to vary from block to block across the host signal.
This technique may be extended to other media types, including audio and video, as well as other watermark embedder/detector methods.
Aspects of the foregoing embodiments are illustrated by the flowcharts of
Concluding Remarks
Having described and illustrated the principles of the technology with reference to specific implementations, it will be recognized that the technology can be implemented in many other, different, forms. For example, the method may be applied to other data types, like audio, video and geometric models for computer generated graphics, etc. To provide a comprehensive disclosure without unduly lengthening the specification, applicants incorporate by reference the patents and patent applications referenced above.
While the present technology is illustrated with reference to images, it also applies to other media types including audio. In the case of audio, the signal hash may be computed from and embedded into temporal blocks of an audio signal. The watermark embedding may modulate features in the time, frequency, or some other transform domain of the host audio signal block.
In addition to a hash, the watermark may be used to convey other information, such as an identifier of the content, an index to related metadata, rendering control instructions, etc. For example, the watermark can carry a network address or index to a network address to link the watermarked signal to a network resource such as a related web site. Some blocks may be used to carry a hash, while others may be used to carry other payload information, such as metadata, or a pointer to metadata stored in an external database.
The methods, processes, and systems described above may be implemented in hardware, software or a combination of hardware and software. For example, the auxiliary data encoding processes may be implemented in a programmable computer or a special purpose digital circuit. Similarly, auxiliary data decoding may be implemented in software, firmware, hardware, or combinations of software, firmware and hardware. The methods and processes described above may be implemented in programs executed from a system's memory (a computer readable medium, such as an electronic, optical or magnetic storage device).
The particular combinations of elements and features in the above-detailed embodiments are exemplary only; the interchanging and substitution of these teachings with other teachings in this and the incorporated-by-reference patents/applications are also contemplated.
Patent Citations
Non-Patent Citations
Referenced by
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By jaredmoshe | Jared Moshé's Blog September 19, 2005 at 5:38AM
Independent Film Week
Models and fashionistas hit the buffet! Musicians start touring! It's our turn to take over the city: The first ever independent film week is here! And the big event kicks off tonight with the premiere of Rodrigo Garcia's Nine Lives.
Things really began last night with the No Borders dinner, a surprisingly good meal at Strata - not the usual piece of rubber that most banquets provide. With some of the stars of the independent film world in attendance (no, I


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The Bachelorette
Molly Mesnick's Dress From Ashley and JP's Wedding — Get The Look!
Blushing mom-to-be Molly Mesnick was a tangerine dream at the wedding of Ashley Hebert and J.P. Rosenbaum. If you, like us, found yourself wishing her mandarin-orange shift dress was available in non-maternity sizes, you're in luck! It wasn't actually a maternity dress at all!
According to her blog, Molly's ensemble featured a Tibi washed-silk crepe shift with a sexy narrow cut-out at the back. "For the wedding, I wanted to find a dress that was bright, long-sleeve, with just the right amount of fabric to show a little 'belly'." Looks like Molly found the perfect frock! It's nice to see more fashionista moms branching out of the empire-waisted chiffon baby doll doldrums.
Along with her sunny shift, Molly wore a stunning statement necklace and cocktail ring from Stella & Dot. Despite being six-months pregnant, she ditched the ballet flats for some sexy leopard-print peep-toe pumps. Rawr! If there were an award for best dressed baby bump, Molly would definitely top the list of nominations.
Source: Molly Mesnick's Blog


text: Healthy Recipes Pork Spirals With Red Pepper Sauce Recipe E-mail recipe Print recipe To save this recipe, register now! Quick Info: Servings Contains Wheat/Gluten Contains Dairy Contains Egg Contains Red Meat Nutritional Info (Per serving): Calories: 176, Saturated Fat: 2g, Sodium: 146mg, Dietary Fiber: 1g, Total Fat: 7g, Carbs: 6g, Cholesterol: 62mg, Protein: 22g Exchanges: Starch: 0.5, Lean Meat: 2.5, Fat: 1 Carb Choices: 0.5 Recipe Source: More Diabetic Recipes Cook Time: 30 mins Total Time: 30 mins Ingredients 12 ounce(s) pork, tenderloin 1 cup(s) spinach 1/3 cup(s) mushrooms, fresh 1/4 cup(s) basil, fresh 2 tablespoon bread crumbs, fine, dry 1 tablespoon cheese, Parmesan 1 egg white(s), slightly beaten 1 tablespoon oil, olive pepper, black 3 1/2 ounce(s) pepper(s), red sweet, roasted 1 teaspoon vinegar, red wine 1 clove(s) garlic dash(es) salt Preparation 1. Trim fat from meat. Using a sharp knife, make a lengthwise cut along the center of the tenderloin, cutting to, but not through, the opposite side. Spread meat open. Place meat between two pieces of plastic wrap. Working from center to the edges, use flat side of a meat mallet to pound meat into an 11x7-inch rectangle. Remove plastic. Fold in the narrow ends as necessary to make an even rectangle.2. Stack spinach leaves on top of each other; slice crosswise into thin strips. In a medium bowl stir together spinach, mushrooms, basil, bread crumbs, Parmesan cheese, and egg white. Spread evenly over pork. Starting at one of the short sides, roll up. Tie with 100-percent-cotton string at 11/2-inch intervals. Brush surface of meat with 1 teaspoon of the olive oil; sprinkle with pepper.3. Arrange medium-hot coals around a drip pan. Test for medium heat above pan. Place meat on grill rack over pan. Cover; grill for 25 to 30 minutes or until a meat thermometer inserted in the center registers 155°. Remove from grill. Cover with foil; let stand for 10 minutes.4. Meanwhile, for sauce, in a food processor bowl combine roasted peppers, the remaining 2 teaspoons olive oil, wine vinegar, garlic, and salt. Cover; process until smooth. Transfer sauce to a small saucepan; cook over medium heat until heated through. To serve, remove strings from pork. Slice pork; serve with sauce. E-mail recipe Print recipe To save this recipe, register now!


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see more Women's Shortsleeve Cycling Jerseys
Women's Alpina Jersey - CLOSEOUT
by Hincapie
Women's Alpina Jersey - CLOSEOUT
by Hincapie
You can climb the Alps or ride your favorite century in comfort and style. The Alpina Jersey is designed with high performance and a feminine touch.
See product details & size chart.
|fabric type:
|# of pockets:
|front zipper:
|full zip
|country of origin:
See more product details.
See size chart.
|fabric type:
|# of pockets:
|front zipper:
|full zip
|country of origin:
- body-conforming Hincapie SoftTek™ stretch fabric designed to support and move with the body
- 92% Polyester/ 8% Spandex
- Hincapie MeshTek™ stretch mesh vent panels
- raglan sleeve design with no elastic
- full zip front with Hincapie logo zipper pull
- 2 back pockets
- reflective trims and Hincapie logo on back
- Gel-Grip waist at back bottom hem
for Alpina Jersey - CLOSEOUT by Hincapie (1 review)
The best jersey I own! gotta have it
I am an avid cyclist - mountain bike mostly but some road too. This jersey feels wonderful on, the fit and feel is much nicer than the Pearlizumi, the neck felt great, full zip is nice, pockets work fine although I usually prefer 3 pocket design on jerseys. The fabric is AMAZING and the colors are much better in real life.
Service comments: I received this jersey in great time. ANNA at Team Estrogen was EXTREMELY patient and helpful!!! She spent much time with me on 2 phone calls helping me with fit and went to great lengths to describe this jersey. This was the first time I have ordered from Team Estrogen and they were great!
- Lightweight
- Breathable
- Dries Quickly
- Comfortable
- Anytime
- Sizing: Feels true to size
- UPC code: 0844579032136
- Manufacturer Part Number: 20500W


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Clearview Homestead Hawke's Bay
Holiday Accommodation
Nestled amongst our vineyard, The Clearview Homestead is the perfect sanctuary for a relaxing retreat for your Hawkes Bay self-contained holiday accommodation. Our rustic Homestead is steeped in history and bursting with character, you will feel right at home. Enjoy a glass of nicely chilled wine on the sun drenched deck in summertime. Relax besides a roaring fire in winter enjoying a deep rich glass of Clearview Estate wine.
Just a few steps away is our iconic red shed restaurant serving fresh, delicious meals with organic, local and free range ingredients where possible. Be it a relaxing brunch, a full three course lunch, antipasto platter or coffee; dine in a casual rustic environment with friendly, professional and knowledgeable staff. Come and sample our vast range of wines at the Cellar Door, to find the perfect wine to take back to the Homestead.
Ideal for families or that weekend get away with friends, there are many local activities to keep you entertained, tours to the gannet colony, horse treks, rivers, beaches, local wineries, surf the point break, beautiful walks, local markets, a cycle way at the gate and more.


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72: Faith Evans – Powerful Women of 2013
As Bad Boy Entertainment's first female artist, it would seem that Faith Evans had a lot to get used to. However, the singer seemed to hold her own by initially doing backup vocals for the likes of Usher and Mary J. Blige. Then her debut LP, 'Faith


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Basketball Wives Tami Roman Suffers A Heart Attack
On Monday night, shortly after Basketball Wives aired, Tami Roman was rushed to Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles where she learned she had suffered a mild heart attack. Reality star life has her getting her hustle on, but she never expected to suffer from something like this at just 41-years-old. She tweeted her followers:
"Thx 2every1 for the get well wishes. Never thought I'd have a mild heart attack at 41.
God has a way of bringing things into perspective. Finally going home 2my kids-heart meds and all. I'm off twitter 4 awhile, no stress recovery, but I appreciate ALL the positive energy & the negative 1's-get a life-I sure appreciate mine."
Just before the high-tensioned episode of 'Basketball Wives' aired, Tami had tweeted that she was feeling a bit under the weather:
"Not feeling so well but I hope u enjoyed the episode. Gonna try to catch a re-run and collect my thoughts to blog. Headed to bed early :)"
Hopefully Tami will be back on her grind in no time. Besides the drama that is building up on this season with Kenya, Kesha, Evelyn, Tami and company, Tami is unfortunately being sued by a hair company who's alleging that she was paid to wear their products during the show as well as feature an on-camera meeting with the company but when this season aired, Basketball Wives only featured Tami's 'Curl By Roman' products. They are now suing her for $75000 and are requesting that any footage containing Tami's products at a recent hair show be pulled from the rest of the season. Read about it here
They say more money, more problems…
Get better girl!


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The intention from Crispy is a easy communication with different kind of services. Services are RMI, WebService, REST, XML-RPC, EJB, Burlap, Hessian or other. With Crispy you can invoke all services with the same interface. You must don't know, how the service-technology work. The kind of communication is describe in properties and it can be easy change. The remote calls are simple Java Object call. You can integrate Crispy (for example) in a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) or in a Rich Client Platform (RCP).
- Category: Web Services
- License: GNU Library or Lesser General Public License (LGPL)
- HomePage: http://crispy.sourceforge.net/


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Why Dominos sells thick crust ? Why thin crust is demand based?
I have always wondered why Dominos and Pizza Hut also provide the regular menu pizzas with the thick crust? If not outside, this is the case all over India. You can opt for a thin crust and can pay for it additionally. Is standardizing thin crust easier and they are just charging the people who care for thin crust a little more? Or does the delivery model stand out better with thick crust?
I have read so many reviews around here and have found that a lot of people like the thin crust pizza more and feel that the Dominos thick crust pizza is so heavy. I am sure there would be some strategy behind this choice of thick crust.
If anyone has any idea about this please let me know. Thanks.
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Wimbo Satwiko
Rio Haryanto, who is racing for the Marussia F1-assisted Carlin team, is making his debut in the Monaco Grand Prix on Friday, taking part in the classic race at the 24th position.
In the B qualification session, Rio placed 12th with a time of 1 minute 23.539 seconds while his team mate Max Chilton led the A qualification with a time of 1 minute 21.320 seconds.
Even though he starts at the 24th position, Rio said he saw no problem and even added that he can save tires during qualification.
"The Monaco circuit is an extraordinary one! I am really relieved that I finished the qualification and practice runs without hitting a wall. It really was a valuable opportunity to take part in a race I have been waiting for," Rio said.
He said he was thankful he had been able to save one set of tires for the race.
"Hopefully, this can become a asset to improve on my racing position," he said in a media release on Friday.
The pole position is held by Johnny Cecotto, followed by Chilton in second place. Nineteen-year-old Rio was currently in 12th with the preliminary ranking of 16 points.


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Dad and son beat up daughter's ex and left him begging for his life: William and Ashley Davis jailed at Stoke-on-Trent Crown Court
Posted: February 09, 2013|
A FATHER and son have been jailed for threatening to kill a man who begged for his life as he was punched, kicked and had his ear bitten.
William Davis, aged 49, and his 25-year-old son, Ashley, left Andrew Carter with serious injuries including a fractured nose and a collapsed lung following the attack on December 11.
Prosecutor Neil Ahuja yesterday told Stoke-on-Trent Crown Court the victim had been in a relationship with Samantha Davis – William's daughter and Ashley's sister – and two months earlier she had given birth to a child. But they were no longer together.
At about 7.30pm, Mr Carter sent a text saying he was sorry about the way things had turned out for him and Samantha and praising her qualities as a mother.
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But soon after he heard a knock on the door of his flat in Woodberry Close, Trent Vale, and saw William Davis.
Mr Ahuja said: "He opened the door to give access to his flat. He noticed Ashley Davis was present. He went inside the flat too.
"Ashley grabbed the victim by the throat and punched him to his left eye. He kept hold of him by the throat causing his head to strike a door frame. The complainant fell to the floor and curled up in a ball to protect himself. Both defendants kicked him on the floor."
Mr Carter heard one of the defendants say, 'You are going to die for what you have done to Sammy,' as he was kicked.
Ashley then dragged Mr Carter into the bathroom and punched him.
Mr Ahuja said: "The complainant felt a terrible pain to his left ear and realised Ashley was biting into it.
"Both defendants continued to threaten he was going to die.
"Mr Carter was dragged into the kitchen and was kicked across the floor by both as he begged them to stop.
"He felt he needed to get out of the flat otherwise he would be in danger of losing his life. He managed to scramble out and stopped a passer-by who called the police."
Mr Carter was left with a fractured nose, fractured ribs, a collapsed lung, a bite to his left ear and swelling and bruising.
Ashley Davis, of Newhouse Road, Bucknall, and William Davis, of Beveridge Close, Meir, pleaded guilty to inflicting grievous bodily harm.
Jason Holt, representing Ashley Davis, said his client had no intention of assaulting Mr Carter when he went to the flat but matters 'blew up' when they entered.
Angela Berrisford, mitigating for William Davis, said his recollection of the incident is limited but he has since undergone an alcohol detoxification in custody.
Judge Granville Styler jailed Ashley Davis for 30 months and William Davis for two years.
He told the defendants: "This was a serious assault. It was a drunken attack on a man in his own home and involved kicking, biting and punching him. It was a sustained attack and caused him serious injuries."


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The question that unlocks the real key to their success, the deep-rooted, honest answer — and what you should ask yourself.
"What was the most pivotal accident, or unexpected discovery you made towards your success?"
I, as I would imagine every other entrepreneur or successful business person would agree have not been completely successful due to my own conscious decisions. Habits can generate success, yes. Honing your actions day in and day out, and working your ever-living ass off can have its results — yes.
But every entrepreneur could probably attest that something that they did, seemingly unnoticeably, or without much conscious thought led to a gaping chasm of success in their career. There is always a massive amount of hard work that goes into every successful career, but there is almost always some pivotal, cornerstone moment, decision or thought that generates a massive reward. I would wager that 80% of entrepreneurs could level with this question, and the answer would be remarkable.
The good interviewers know how to speak from the level of whom they're interviewing, they understand their psyche. To get a really humble answer out of somebody, that can really give a beautiful emotional result, you have to ask the question that really plays on their mind.
"Successful" entrepreneurs are nearly always put on a pedestal, and the humble ones understand that they shouldn't be. They understand that there is something that they did, some way they worked or some decision they made that led to that "success" and they don't believe they can take all of the credit.
The answer might typically be something seemingly small, but that's how all major revelations are made — that's always the kind of change that sparks some landslide, one that is made without much conscious thought — because it's an "ah hah!" moment, but more like an "oh, duh.." moment. It's noticing something that should have been there all along, like a final piece to the puzzle, and when it's slid into place it makes everything fall together.
Most successful people know there was a moment like that in their career, in the product they made, perhaps it was even an employee they hired. They made some really good decision, that they don't want to take full credit for, almost like a guilty pleasure — if they are humble they will admit it. If they aren't, it's a question that should be asked anyways.
So what was your most pivotal accident? Your unexpected discovery? Your "oh duh" moment?
This is the kind of thing we (other entrepreneurs) want to know, it's the kind of real, humble inspirational insight that we love to hear about businesses.
Everyone started out somewhere, if someone can reach to such heights and attain them, we all can — this is the kind of insight that reminds us of that. That we are all foulable and also all able to attain greatness, even if by accident.
Further Reading
7 Step Process to Repeat Success
— Do you want to "scale"? You need systems, a process. If Apple's creativity can be routinized, your success can be (should be) too.
Written by
Sean Smith
Marketer, blogger, and creative. Startup, design & self-improvement enthusiast. A self-critic and hopeful optimist. Consultant for hire. — @snsmthPublished January 27, 2014Thanks to: Randy Apuzzo


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Home Future StudentsCurrent StudentsFaculty & StaffPatientsAlumni
Below is a list of spring 2011 electrical engineering courses and links to their associated syllabi.
The Department of Electrical Engineering makes it easy for prospective and current students to obtain current course and curriculum information as well as information from previous semesters.
An up-to-date list of electrical engineering courses and descriptions is available in the UC Denver academic catalog.
Electrical Engineering courses, 2010-2011
Two year tentative schedule
Please note that all courses are not offered every semester. Contact the department at 303-556-2872 or email@example.com if you have questions.
© The Regents of the University of Colorado, a body corporate. All rights reserved.
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Books presented of interest to the Bi-Pan-Fluid attendees of Creating Change 2012, for the Bi Hospitality Suite, aka "the Sweet Bi & Bi."
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Chester Taylor Likely to be Released
CBS Sports is reporting that Chester Taylor will likely be released. It certaintly doesn't surprise me. He is pretty expensive and I believe he was the only player to ever average under 2.5 ypc when having over 100 carries. Hopefully this paved the way for more playing time for Harvey Unga.
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For courses in advanced grammar. Best-seller. Practical, ecelectic approach with a systematic approach to learning grammar. New: Chapter 1 on history of grammar pedagogy, "Classrom Applications," co-author Funk, section on rhetoric of punctuation (Ch. 14). --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.Edition/Copyright: 8TH 09
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text: Music History, Voice, Choirs Dr. Royce Boyer is responsible for initiating music activities and creating the music department on the UAH campus in 1966. He teaches in the areas of music literature and history, and private voice. He is Music Director of the Twickenham Singers of North Alabama, a vocal chamber chorale, and continues to serve the Huntsville community as a church musician. Dr. Boyer received the Bachelor of Music degree in vocal performance from Jordan College of Music at Butler University in Indianapolis. Graduate studies continued with a Master of Arts degree in Music Education from The Catholic University of America in Washington, D. C., where he was a member of the U.S. Army Chorus, and a Doctor of Musical Arts in Choral Performance from the University of Texas at Austin. Hired: 1966 Credentials Doctor of Musical Arts – University of Texas, Austin Master of Arts – Catholic University of America Bachelor of Music – Butler University Research/Creative Activity Music of Henry James Email: email@example.com: 256-824-6436