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As youth age out of out-of-home care, receiving guidance and support when facing life's challenges can help prepare them for self-sufficiency. Use the following resources to learn more about the areas in which youth may need support as they transition to adulthood.
- Community connections and supportive relationships
- Education
- Employment
- Housing
- Identity formation
- Life skills
- Mental health
- Youth with disabilities
Back on Track: Supporting Youth Reentry From Out-of-Home Placement to the Community (PDF - 337 KB)
Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Coalition, Youth Reentry Task Force (2009)
Outlines the concept of reentry services in theory and practice and explores characteristics of reentry youth, collateral consequences associated with out-of-home placement, outcomes of reentry programs, and principles for effective youth reentry programs.
Building a Future Together: Issues and Outcomes for Transition-Aged Youth (PDF - 452 KB)
Reid & Dudding (2006)
Outlines eight areas where youth in foster care need support to ensure a smoother transition to adulthood.
Foster Care Transitions
National League of Cities, Institute for Youth Education & Families
Provides tools and resources for city leaders about youth in foster care who are making the transition to independent adulthood and how to work with local agencies to connect youth to vital education, employment, housing, and health services.
NAPCWA's Youth Aging Out Survey Results
National Association of Public Child Welfare Administrators (2009)
Captures information related to youth residing in and aging out of the public child welfare system so that States can access and utilize model programs and practices that have been implemented in other States. The survey issue areas include housing, education, transition to adult programs, family/permanency connections, youth with disabilities, medical health, aftercare networks, youth leadership/advisory boards, driver's licenses, insurance, creative partnerships, creative funding, and employment.
The Transition to Adulthood: How States Can Support Older Youth in Foster Care (PDF - 2,539 KB)
NGA Center for Best Practices (2010)
Highlights effective State strategies and promising approaches aimed at improving outcomes for foster youth in education, employment, housing, health care, and relationships.
|Series Title
|Bulletins for Professionals
Child Welfare Information Gateway
Download (PDF - 488KB)
Order (Free)
|Year Published

subset: commoncrawl


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Criteo API
From their site: The Criteo predictive engine is a powerful tool that analyses consumer behavior and provide them with relevant product recommendations. The Criteo Quick-Start API allows you to start with recommendations on your web-site with a simplified but complete set of functions. Criteo technology is based on collaborative predictive analysis.
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Criteo is not only a funny web site to find out unknown or forgotten movies. They also provide a web-service API that allow anyone to implement recommendations and community features very simply. Their powerful techno is to be used by several french portal, merchands. And it seems that a public version of the API will be issued soon.
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The Kardashians
Inside Kim and Kourtney Kardashian's Miami Shoe Closets (PHOTOS)
The Kardashians have everything money can buy, and we find ourselves growing increasingly jealous of the all incredible clothes they get to wear.
On top of their jaw-dropping shoe closets back home in LA, the family has their own sprawling set-up in Florida, where Kim and Kourtney are currently filming the second season of Kourtney and Kim Take Miami.
As if we weren't already envious enough, Kim's giving us a peek inside their wonderful world — a place where Louboutins and Jimmy Choos run wild!
Click through our gallery to ogle the racks of shoes belonging to Kim, Kourtney, Scott, Mason, and even baby Penelope!


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Colour: Cream/Navy
The Olivia ballet pump in cream and black is one of our chicest styles, with a luxurious quilted upper, and contrast trims and toe-cap for understated glamour.
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The Olivia ballet pump in cream is one of our chicest styles, with Parisian-style quilted uppers finely trimmed with black piping, patent toes and neat little bows. Ladylike glamour comes with supreme comfort, thanks to a soft microsuede lining and flexible rubber soles. Fold and store in a protective drawstring bag.
• Chic quilted upper in cream faux leather
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• Soft micro suede lining
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Miss Stephanie is the complete opposite of the mean, shushing librarian stereotype. In fact, she is awesome and a whole lot of fun! Besides working at the library, Miss Stephanie dances and teaches ballet. She is also a lover of all things cute and cuddly, especially Hello Kitty, her kitty, Arrietty, and hedgehogs. She enjoys reading historical fiction and silly stories. Parkour!
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Wednesday, October 17, 2012
I'm not going to mention s$d w*bw@rm. Here are a few things to do while enjoying the beautiful Lowcountry weather.
Did you put out a preemergent product to your lawn and beds for winter annual weed control in August?
If yes, depending on the product and the rate you used, it is time to reapply. If no, now is the time to get it spread onto your lawn and beds. Preemergent products control weeds as they germinate making your life and your plants' (including grass) life easier.
Winterizing trees and shrubs with either a few products individually or as a multi prone approach will help insure the health of your landscape investment.
05-30-30 Root Pusher by Dogget is a 'top shelf' fertilizer for trees and shrubs this time of year. A fertilizer that 'top shelf' arborists use with special equipment to inject into the ground can also be used by the avid 'Do It Yourselfer.'
The DIY can apply Root Pusher to the top of the ground and water it in, or make it into a slurry in a bucket and pour the fertilizer around the plant or tree. If you go with the slurry in a bucket method, you can always add SuperThrive, BioRush, SeaHume, Fish / Seaweed blend, Dominion Root Pusher has special penetrants incorporated in the product to improve distribution in the soil.
Root Pusher will promote good wintering and fast spring starts without stimulating soft growth that is susceptible to damage. Just writing about this product makes me want to get a bag out in my yard.
Root Excellerator, SeaHume (granular is best this time of year, liquid still very good),
00-00-25, Cotton Burr Compost, Flowerbed Amendment, SuperThrive, Fish / Seaweed Blend, 04-00-10, Possum's Minors are a few products that will benefit your trees and shrubs this winter. Trees and shrubs, like people, like to have some nutrition, so they do not go to bed hungry.
For trees and shrubs you can get ahead of the insect battle by using Neem oil or Horticulture oil. Neem oil has some fungicide benefits also which is a bonus.
If you have a tree or shrub with a history of scale, twig borer, aphids, white flies , apply a drench of Dominion now to protect the new growth next spring.
Leaf spot diseases have been a big issue this summer.
As the leaves fall, rake them up to remove overwintering fungus.
If you had any major problems, you might want to remove your old mulch, spray with lime / sulfur, and replace the mulch with Cotton Burr Compost or Flowerbed amendment.
Always read, understand and follow product label. The product label is a Federal Law.
(Bill Lamson-Scribner can be reached during the week at Possum's Landscape and Pest Control Supply. Possum's has three locations 481 Long Point Rd in Mount Pleasant (971-9601), 3325 Business Circle in North Charleston (760-2600), or 606 Dupont Rd, in Charleston (766-1511). Bring your questions to a Possum's location, or visit us at PossumSupply.com. You can also call in your questions to 'The Garden Clinic,' Saturdays from noon to 1 p.m. on 1250 WTMA (The Big Talker). The Horticulture Hotline is available 24 / 7 at possumsupply.com.)
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|Avg. Dinner Entrée
|Greater than $25
|$18.01 - $25
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Posted by Anonymous on 06/11/2015
Quick service
Posted by Sarah on 12/21/2012
Wow, this place is amazing! Best fettucine Alfredo and Caesar salad I've ever had! Great prices, too!
Posted by ChrisO on 11/21/2012
Pasta was out of this world. Place is tiny, take it to go and love it at your desk.
Posted by ASM on 05/04/2012
Just started ordering from here for lunch at work for myself and my colleagues recently - first order was a Chicken Parm that was fantastic - everything was fresh and made just right. Despite how simple this dish is, places always ruin it by trying too hard! Was hoping it wasn't a fluke so tried them again for a tuna club a few days later and again, great and fresh ingredients! New favorite place to order - they already know me now when I call just after a few orders and the efficiency on the phone is a breath of fresh air. Also have that perfect delivery time where it is not sooo quick that you know that they just reheated a bunch of things and not so long that you have to wait forever. Absolutely and highly recommended!
Posted by Zman on 01/03/2012
Moved here in June 2011, eat pizza at leaset three days a week and hands down the best slice I've ad in NYC.


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Tag Archives: Rochester
Vergennes-U-32 boys basketball semifinal notes
Monday kicks off the return of playoff basketball at Barre Auditorium, the first of two weeks of excitement at the historic venue. Here's a closer look at Vergennes-U-32 in Division II, plus notes on the D-IV matchup between Rochester and … Continue reading
Tagged Clay Walker, Cody Quattrocci, Dan Gandin, David Codling, Merle Darling, Miguel Gonzales, Pavin Parrish, Peter Quinn, Rochester, Shep Carter, Stanley Salley, Tanner Pratt, Twinfield, U-32, Vergennes, Zach Ouellette Comments Off
2012-2013 boys basketball contenders
In Friday's print editions, we ran a four-page pull-out section with the Chittenden County basketball preview capsules and a story on the international flavor on the St. Johnsbury boys team. The girls basketball capsules were also included and can be … Continue reading
Tagged Burr and Burton, CVU, Danville, enosburg, Hazen, Missisquoi, MMU, MSJ, Randolph, Rice, Rochester, Rutland, St. Johnsbury, Twinfield, U-32, Vergennes, Williamstown 47 Comments
Playoff Central: Upsets fill Day 1
Baseball can be a cruel sport — as No. 2 seeds Essex (D-I) and Fair Haven (D-II) found out Tuesday during the opening round of the 2011 tournaments. But it can also mean redemption, as No. 15 seeds South Burlington … Continue reading
Tagged Abby Killorin, Abel Warden, Andrew Cootware, Bellows Falls, Ben Fournier, BFA-Fairfax, Billy Broooks, Black River, Brett Hakey, Burlington, Burr and Burton, Byron Brocar, Cody Eastman, Cody Hemingway, Cody McCullough, Colchester, Cooper Bleakie, Cooper Long, Cory Chaplin, Cory Dawson, Curt Echo, CVU, Danville, Davis Mikell, Eddie Lewicki, Emily Comins, enosburg, Eric Cross, Ethan Hanson, Grant McKinistrie, Holly Thayer, Ian Sackett, Jack Sprague, Jackson Howe, Jamison Hartley, Jillian Stein, John Sciortino, John Wardell, Jona Scott, Kaitlin Knoff, Kyle Fieden, Kyle Lumsden, Lake Region, Lamoille, Matt Baechle, Matt Morin, Michelle Thibeault, Middlebury, Missisquoi, MMU, Montpelier, Mount Abraham, Mount Anthony, Nate Swahn, Nick Cusson-Ducharme, Nick Kincaid, North Country, Northfield, Oxbow, Peoples, Randolph, Rice, Robbie Rinaldo, Rochester, Rutland, Sam Dyer, Sam Spencer, Sean Paradis, South Burlington, South Royalton, Theo Tillas, Tim Rumril, Tommy Nelson, Tony Baldic, Tyler Provencher, Victor Cucullo, Winooski, yan Crowley, Zack Fenton 1 Comment
Playoff Central: Wednesday's busy day
What a busy day in the sports department Wednesday. Along with the nearly 30 high school tournament playdown games in girls basketball and boys and girls hockey, news broke of Kylie Atwood's unfortunate season-ending injury plus a Facebook video caused … Continue reading
Tagged Abby Iannotti, Amanda Kinneston, Arlingtn, Ben Alexololus, Ben Price, BFA, Brattleboro, Burlington, Burr and Burton, Cici Wade, Cody Putre, Colchester, CVU, Dan Caffry, Danika Dobrowski, Devin Dessormeau, Ellen Boucher, enosburg, Greg Bronson, Jackson Tucker, Jade Desroches, Jenna Hoffman, Kathleen McCarty, Katie Murray, Kelly Festa, Lance Garrett, Liesl Verderber, Maddie Rollins, Madison Fuller, Maria Ploof, Marissa Mahoney, Matt Lenoard, Megan Miskovsky, Middlebury, Montpelier, Morgan Johnson, Mount Anthony, Nicole Brown, North Country, Northfield, Poultney, Rice, Rivendell, Rochester, South Burlington, Spaulding, Springfield, Twinfield Comments Off
Daily Leaders – 9/22
I went to Hinesburg on Wednesday and saw a tight, thrilling girls soccer game between Mount Mansfield and Champlain Valley. The Cougars prevailed in two overtimes. You can read more about that game HERE and on the blog. Girls • … Continue reading
Tagged Amanda Arena, Anna Weith, BFA-Fairfax, Brooke Phillips, Caroline Dellipriscoli, Corey Robichau, Ellen Boucher, Erika Gauthier, Essex, Halley Fisher, harwood, Hazen, Iris Dayton, James Doyle-Braman, Jena Williams, Kaleigh Heath, Katie Ritter, Laura Moore, Mallory Fischer, Milton, MMU, Montpelier, Morgan Young, Rice, Rochester, Sadie Marcotte, South Burlington, South Royalton, Twinfield, U-32, Williamstown 2 Comments
Daily Leaders – 9/14
I know she's not a high school athlete anymore, but Brittany Pfaff leads the unbeaten Siena College women's soccer team into Centennial Field this afternoon to face the University of Vermont. Free Press' UVM beat writer John A. Fantino featured … Continue reading
Tagged Anna Bingham, Ashley Benard, BFA-Fairfax, Brittany Pfaff, CVU, Elle Purrier, Essex, Graham Weather, Holly Thayer, James Doyal-Braman, Katie Ritter, McKenzie Garone, Middlebury, MMU, North Country, Oxbow, Rice, Richford, Rochester, Sarah Reed, South Royalton, Stowe, Taylor Hallowell, Timo Krekeler, Trevor Bibb Comments Off


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Modern Art Movements
Modern Art Movements (1860-1960)
Here is a list of styles and movements
of Modern Art which came to the fore during
the period 1850 to the mid-1960s. All dates are approximate.
Brotherhood (1848-55)
(Late 19th Century)
Portrait of Paul Guillaume
By Modigliani. One of the greatest
of all 20th century painters.
STYLES and SCHOOLS
(1930s, 1940s, 1950s)
Pre-Raphaelites (Flourished 1848-55)
A group of young British painters who wished
to revive the type of art created prior to the High Renaissance artist
Raphael (1483-1520). They opted for clarity of colour and line, and simple
rather than grandiose subjects. Caused quite a stir within the conservative
English arts establishment. For more, please see: Pre-Raphaelite
Named after Impression: Sunrise, by Claude Monet, Impressionism - named by the French art critic Louis Leroy - promoted a spontaneous plein-air manner of landscape painting whose goal was the exact representation of light, as exemplified by the works of Alfred Sisley, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Camille Pissarro, Frederic Bazille, Edgar Degas, Gustave Caillebotte, as well as Mary Cassatt, one of the leading figures of the American Impressionism movement (c.1880-1900). Introduced to Britain by Whistler, it was taken up by his pupils Sickert and Steer and promoted by the New English Art Club. Later succeeded by Neo-Impressionism and Post-Impressionism, and in the 1950s by Abstract Impressionism. See also: Impressionism. For artist biographies, see: Impressionist Painters. NOTE: To see how Monet's so-called 'naturalism' led paradoxically to abstraction, see: Realism to Impressionism (1830-1900).
Neo-Impressionist Painting (1870s)
The term given by the French art critic Felix Feneon (1861-1944) to work by Georges Seurat, Paul Signac and their followers like Camille and Lucien Pissarro. The style was based on the optical painting technique called Pointillism (an offshoot of Divisionism). Instead of mixing colours before applying them to the canvas, primary-colours were placed directly onto the picture - arranged in groups of tiny dabs or dots - to allow the viewer's eye to do the "mixing". The style was a later influence on Fauvism. For more, see: Neo-Impressionism. For developments in Italy, under Vittore Grubicy, see: Italian Divisionism (1890-1907).
Led by Stanhope Forbes, Frank Bramley and Norman Garstin the Newlyn School was inspired by the naturalist plein-air painting tradition of the French Barbizon School and aimed to reproduce the realities of country life.
Art Nouveau (Late 19th Century - Early 20th Century)
Derived from a Parisian shop called "La Maison de l'Art Nouveau", owned by the avant-garde art-collector Siegfried Bing (1838-1905), the Art Nouveau style originated in the Arts and Crafts Movement in Britain (notably the designs of William Morris) - being also influenced by Celtic and Japanese designs - and was popularized by the 1900 Exposition Universelle in Paris before spreading across Europe and the United States. A highly decorative art style (called Jugendstil in Germany, Sezessionstil in Austria, Stile Liberty in Italy, Modernista in Spain), it was characterized by intricate flowing patterns of sinuous asymetrical lines, based on plant-forms (derived from Hallstatt and La Tene forms of Celtic art). Leaf and tendril motifs are popular Art Nouveau designs, as are female silhouettes and forms. The style appeared in interior design, metalwork, glassware, jewellery, poster-design and illustration, as well as painting, sculpture and poster art. It was exemplified by the paintings and illustrations of Gustav Klimt, first President of the Vienna Secession, as well as poster designs by Alphonse Mucha (1860-1939), Arthur Rackham and Aubrey Beardsley, and serpentine architectural motifs by Victor Horta of the Les Vingt artists group in Brussels. Succeeded by Art Deco. For more details, see: Art Nouveau.
Mythology-inspired and characterized by a mystical and magnified sensitivity with occasional erotic content, Symbolism was a refinement of the Romantic tradition. Pioneers included Caspar David Friedrich and Henry Fuseli, while modern exponents included Gustave Moreau, the mural painter Puvis de Chavannes, and Odilon Redon. Influenced the Art Nouveau movement and Les Nabis, as well as the Expressionists Edvard Munch and Franz von Stuck. For more, see Symbolism Art Movement.
Post-Impressionist Art (1880s onwards)
An umbrella term incorporating numerous styles of Post-Impressionist painting, exemplified by the work of Post-Impressionist painters like Paul Gauguin, Paul Cezanne, Vincent van Gogh, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec and Henri Rousseau. Cezanne adopted a rigorous classical approach to plein-air painting; Paul Gauguin used rich colours but preferred indoor studio painting; Van Gogh painted outdoors but more to express his inner emotions than capture nature; Toulouse-Lautrec specialized in indoor genre scenes. Several of the top post-Impressionist painters were supported by the art collector and publisher Ambroise Vollard (1866-1939). Other collectors of Post-Impressionist paintings include: Samuel Courtauld (1876-1947) and Dr Albert Barnes (1872-1951).
Following in the footsteps of Synthetism (developed by Gauguin) and Cloisonnism (invented by Emile Bernard and Louis Anquetin) came the fin de siecle art group called Les Nabis, composed of young painters drawn to the decorative and spiritual content of painting. The leader, Paul Serusier (1864-1927) and the group's leading theorist Mauris Denis (1870-1943) were joined by Pierre Bonnard (18671947), Paul Ranson (1862-1909), Ker-Xavier Roussel (1867-1944), Henri Ibels (1867-1936) and Edouard Vuillard (1868-1940). Out of the Nabis came another style of post-Impressionist painting, known as Intimism, exemplified in the tranquil domestic genre scenes of Edouard Vuillard, his close friend Pierre Bonnard, and Gwen John. Taken up by Nordic painters, like Vilhelm Hammershoi and Peter Severin Kroyer. In Britain, Post-Impressionism was practised by the Camden Town Group, founded by Walter Richard Sickert in London in 1911, where he painted nudes and interiors. For more, see Post-Impressionsm
Rooted in Pointillism and Post-Impressionism, influenced by the colourist Paul Gauguin, and an early form of Expressionism, Fauvism advocated brilliant colours and wild brushwork - hence their nickname Les Fauves (wild beasts) given them by the critic Louis Vauxcelles after their first showing at the Salon d'automne in Paris in 1905. Fauvist painters included Henri Matisse, Andre Derain, Maurice de Vlaminck Albert Marquet and Georges Braque. In Britain, Fauvism was practised by a group of artists from Scotland known as the Scottish Colourists. They included JD Fergusson, Samuel John Peploe, Francis Cadell and Leslie Hunter. For more, see Fauvism.
Expressionist Art (c.1900 onwards)
Personnified by Vincent Van Gogh, whose hectic brushwork and intense colours reflected his inner state rather than the scenes he painted, Expressionism is a style whose aim is to portray an interpretation of a scene rather than simply replicate its true-life features. Developed in Germany (eg. by the groups Der Blaue Reiter [The Blue Rider], Die Brücke [The Bridge], Die Neue Sachlichkeit [New Objectivity]), the movement spread worldwide, later giving birth to non-representational styles like Abstract Expressionism, Colour Field and Hard Edge Painting in America during the 1940s and 1950s. Influenced by Romanticism, Symbolism, Post-Impressionism, Fauvism, and Cubism, the movement encompassed all genres, including landscape, portraiture, genre painting and still life. Famous Expressionist painters included Wassily Kandinsky, Franz Marc, George Grosz, Edvard Munch, Modigliani, Egon Schiele, Max Beckmann, Oskar Kokoschka, Otto Dix, as well as Pablo Picasso, and Francis Bacon. For more, see Expressionism and German Expressionism. For specific works (1880-1950), see: Expressionist Paintings.
Die Brucke (1905-13) (The Bridge)
German Expressionist group based in Dresden in 1905. Combined elements of traditional German art with African, Post-Impressionist and Fauvist styles. Its leading members were Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Karl Schmidt-Rottluff, Fritz Bleyl, Erich Heckel, and Emil Nolde. Short-lived but influential. Followed by another German Expressionist group, Der Blaue Reiter. For more, see Die Brucke.
Der Blaue Reiter (1911-14) (The Blue Rider)
Based in Munich, where the Neue Kunstler Vereiningung, (New Artist Association or NKV) was established, it included a number of avant-garde artists, such as Wassily Kandinsky, Franz Marc, August Macke, Gabriele Munter and Paul Klee. A loose association rather than a tight group, it was named after a Kandinsky painting used on the cover of their 1912 Almanac or Manifesto. Cut short by the First World War during which both Macke and Marc were killed. For more, see Der Blaue Reiter.
Ashcan School, New York (active 1900-15)
Following the great American figurative realist painter and portraitist from Philadephia, Thomas Eakins, came a progressive group of early twentieth-century American painters and illustrators (sometimes called the New York Realists) who portrayed the harsh realities of New York City life, in a gritty spontaneous unpolished style. The Ashcan movement included Arthur B. Davies, William Glackens, Robert Henri, George Luks, Everett Shinn and John Sloan. Others whose work is considered to reflect the Ashcan school include: George Wesley Bellows, Guy Pène Du Bois, the celebrated Edward Hopper, and Alfred Maurer. For details, see Ashcan School of Urban Realism.
Cubist Art (Europe, 1908-1914)
Cubism was invented and formulated between about 1908 and 1912 in a partnership between Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso, who were strongly influenced by the grid-like landscapes of Paul Cezanne and (in Picasso's case by African imagery: witness his stunning Les Demoiselles D'Avignon). In part a reaction against the pretty pictures of Impressionism, a style which held no intellectual interest for Picasso, Cubism refocused attention on the essential 2-D nature of the flat canvas, overturning conventional systems of perspective and ways of perceiving form, in the process. The movement developed in three stages: Proto-Cubism (Picasso's & Braque's early phase, containing the only 'cubes' to be seen); Analytical Cubism, an austere style which disassembled 3-D views into a series of overlapping planes; finally, Synthetic Cubism, a lighter more colourful style which 'built-up' images sometimes using various 'found' materials. Other important Cubist artists included Juan Gris and Fernand Leger. Although relatively short-lived, the movement Revolutionized art in the 20th century, and instigated a new tradition of abstract art. Cubism benefited from strong promotional support by its spokesman, the art dealer Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler (1884-1979). For more, see Cubism. For an important Cubist splinter group, see: Section d'Or, an offshoot of the Parisian Puteaux group.
Paris-based abstract art movement sometimes referred to as Orphic Cubism, whose style featured loosely painted patches of rainbow colours. The name (Orpheus was a mythological poet and musician of ancient Greece) was coined by French art critic Guillaume Apollinaire when describing the 'musical' effect of the abstract paintings by the Cubist Robert Delaunay (which comprised overlapping planes of contrasting or complementary colours) in order to distinguish them from Cubism generally. Delaunay himself used the term Simultanism to characterize his work. Another exponent of Orphism was the French-Czech painter and anarchist Frank Kupka, one of the first to create genuine abstract art, characterized by solid geometric blocks of colour. The style was very similar to Synchromism, a method of painting launched in Paris in 1913 by two American painters, Morgan Russell (1886-1953) and Stanton MacDonald- Wright (1890-1973). For more, see: Orphism.
Fashionable 1920s Parisian Movement founded by Edouard Jeanneret (better known as Le Corbusier) and Amedee Ozenfant, based on theories outlined in their 1918 book Après le Cubisme (After Cubism). Disagreeing with Cubist fragmentation, they produced figurative art (mostly still lifes) basic forms stripped of detail and supposedly pure in colour, form and design. Other artists loosely associated with the movement which peaked at the International Exposition of Decorative and Industrial Arts in Paris in 1925, were Fernand Leger, Juan Gris and the Russian-Lithuanian sculptor Jacques Lipchitz.
An important influence on modern art painting in the United States, Precisionism was an American movement (also referred to as Cubist Realism) whose focus was modern industry and urban landscapes, characterized by the realistic depiction of objects but in a manner which also highlighted their geometric form. An idealized, almost Romantic style, it was exemplified in works by Charles Demuth and Charles Sheeler, while the urban pictures of Georgia O'Keeffe also fall into the Precisionist genre. See also Charles Sheeler's photographs of Ford's River Rouge Car Factory.
Photography became more important as the century developed. In America, this was largely due to the influential activities of Alfred Stieglitz (1864-1946), in setting up the Photo-Secession and promoting the top photographers at his "291" gallery in New York. Edward Steichen (1879-1973) was another early pioneer. Later, Dorothea Lange (1895-1965) and the social realist Ben Shahn (1898-1969) came to prominence with their gritty photos of the Depression. In Europe, the medium was championed by the likes of Eugene Atget (1857-1927), Man Ray (1890-1976) and Henri Cartier-Bresson (19082004). But see also: Is Photography Art?
Also known as papier collés or découpage, collage was first introduced into modern fine art by the Cubist Georges Braque in 1912, when he attached three pieces of wallpaper to his Synthetic Cubist drawing Fruit Dish and Glass. Collage involves the use of objets trouvés, like bits of paper, photographs, newspaper cuttings, fabric and other 'found' items, even 3-D objects, which are fixed to the canvas to create a mixed-media effect. Other artists noted for their works of collage include Picasso, Aleksandr Rodchenko and the extraordinary loner Kurt Schwitters, noted for his small-scale Merzbilder collages. The techniques of collage were a strong influence on later forms of Assemblage. For more, see Collage Art.
Launched in 1909 by the Italian poet Filippo Tommaso Marinetti Futurism via his Manifesto of Futurism which appeared on the front page of the Paris newspaper Le Figaro, the movement rejected all traditional art, celebrating instead the modern world of industry with works combining elements of Neo-Impressionism and Cubism. Other leading members included Umberto Boccioni, Giacomo Balla, Carlo Carrà, and Gino Severini. For details, see: Futurism.
Russian avant-garde quasi-Cubist-style art movement led by Mikhail Larionov and his partner Natalia Goncharova, both of whom later settled in Paris. The subject of Rayonism (aka Rayism), was abstract landscape comprising light or rays of light depicted by patterns of linear forms. For details, see: Rayonism.
A purely abstract Russian art movement, founded by the nihilist Kasimir Malevich (1878-1935) who was regarded as the most important avant-garde painter in Russia. Founded on Utopian ideals, the Suprematist style expressed limitless confidence in the ability of engineers to create a new Soviet world. The first Suprematist exhibition (Zero-Ten) took place in St Petersburg, in December 1915, and featured thirty-five abstract works by Malevich, including his famous Black Square hung like an icon high up across a corner, as well as a host of other rectangles, triangles and circles, many in vivid colours. The show later toured to Moscow and Vitebsk. In 1918, Malevich was appointed to the Commissariat of Enlightenment and taught at the Vitebsk art academy set up by Marc Chagall. Suprematism was a key art movement in Russia, being closely linked with the Revolution. Other famous Suprematist artists included Lazar Lissitsky, Ivan Vasilievich Kliun and Laszlo Moholy-Nagy. Disillusioned in later life, by 1935 he was painting realist pictures. For more details, see: Suprematism.
Austere but very important Russian abstract architectural art movement established by Vladimir Tatlin (1885-1953), joined later by Aleksandr Rodchenko (1891-1956) and brothers Antoine Pevsner (1886-1962) and Naum Gabo (1890-1977). Concerned with abstraction, space, new materials and 3-D form, Constructivist artists developed architectural art in a direct attempt to reflect the modern industrial world. Vladimir Tatlin himself was strongly influenced by Picasso's 3-D constructions, some of which he saw first-hand in Picasso's Parisian studio in 1913. In 1923 the movement outlined its ideas in a manifesto, expressing the view that artists should focus on organizing materials and constructing works, as if they were manufacturing a car. Later suppressed by Stalin, the ideas of Constructivism reached the West through Naum Gabo and Antoine Pevsner, and were a strong influence on modern sculptors like Barbara Hepworth and Ben Nicholson. In Britain, around 1950, the movement was recast as Constructionism, in the geometrical paintings of Victor Pasmore and others. For details, see: Constructivism.
The British counterpart to Italian Futurism, Vorticism was an avant-garde art movement, influenced by Cubism and Futurism, founded in London by the painter, illustrator and war artist Percy Wyndham Lewis (1882-1957). The only Vorticist exhibition was held in London in 1915. Claiming to produce "a New Living Abstraction", Vorticist works combine Cubist fragmentation with hard-edged iconography reflecting technology and the urban environment. Other members included Cuthbert Hamilton, William Roberts, Lawrence Atkinson, Jessica Dismorr, Helen Saunders, Edward Wadsworth, as well as the sculptors Jacob Epstein and Henri Gaudier-Brzeska. The group foundered after the exhibition, although Wyndham Lewis essayed a brief revival of its ideas with Group X, in 1920. For more, see Vorticism.
Founded in Zurich during the First World War, Dada was the first of the modern anti-art movements, whose members were revolted by the butchery of the 1914 World War and devoted themselves to an artistic style that set out to deliberately challenge all the traditional values of a society that could have allowed such barbarity to occur. Dada-ists employed shock-tactics and absurdity to produce totally irrational or meaningless artworks and "performances", including sculpture and early installations which they often constructed using various objets trouvés (found objects) of which Marcel Duchamp's "readymades" were a sub-category. Dada developed into an international movement and its themes eventually formed an important part of Surrealism in Paris after the war. Leading members of Dada included Jean Arp, Marcel Duchamp, Francis Picabia, Man Ray, John Heartfield and Kurt Schwitters. Duchamp's questioning of the fundamentals of Western art had a profound subsequent influence. For a wide ranging analysis of Dadaist ideas, please see: Dada: History, Styles.
De Stijl (Dutch for "the style,") was the name of a group of artists (and the art, design and aesthetics journal they published, which was one of the most influential avant-garde magazines of the 1920s). Founded in the Netherlands during World War I, by Theo van Doesburg, the older Piet Mondrian, architect Gerrit Rietveld, and Bart Van der Leck, it advocated a geometrical type of abstract art, (later called concrete art, by Van Doesburg), based on universal laws of harmony that would be equally applicable to life and art. The movement had its greatest impact on architecture. Although Piet Mondrian seceded from the group in 1923, he remained faithful to its themes until the end of his life by which time he had become one of the most famous of all abstract painters. By comparison, the more restless Van Doesburg abandoned one of the basic tenets of De Stijl in 1924 when he substituted diagonals for verticals and horizontals in search of greater dynamism. For more information, see: De Stijl.
The Bauhaus School (Germany, 1919-1933)
Founded in 1919 by the innovative modern architect Walter Gropius at Weimar in Germany, the Bauhaus School was a revolutionary school of art upon which so many others have been modelled. Its name, derived from the two German words "bau" for building and "haus" for house, together with its artist-community system, hints at the the idea of a fraternity working on the construction of a new society. Highly influential in both architecture and design, its teachers included Josef Albers, Lyonel Feininger, Paul Klee, Wassily Kandinsky, Oskar Schlemmer, Laszlo Moholy-Nagy, Anni Albers and Johannes Itten. Its stated goal was to bring art into contact with everyday life, hence design was accorded as much weight as fine art. Among the leading principles taught at The Bauhaus were the virtues of simple, clean design; abstraction; massproduction; the ethical and practical advantages of a well-designed environment, as well as democracy and worker participation. In 1925, The Bauhaus moved into a new building in Dessau in 1925-6, and in 1932 relocated to Berlin where it was eventually closed by the Nazis in 1933. Its teachers then dispersed, with several moving to America: Moholy-Nagy went to Chicago where he established the New Bauhaus in 1937, while Albers took Bauhaus methods with him to Black Mountain College in North Carolina and later to Yale University. For details, see: Bauhaus Design School.
Term used to describe the style of painting invented by Piet Mondrian. It comes from the Dutch words "Nieuwe Beelding", used by Mondrian in his articles in De Stijl magazine (1917-19), and in his book "Néo-Plasticisme" from 1921 onwards to describe his own type of abstract art. Essentially it means "new art", since sculpture and certain types of painting are considered 'plastic arts'. However the German version "Neue Gestaltung" (new forming) captures Mondrian's meaning best. He used the name to advocate a 'new forming' in the widest sense, as well as his own ideas and images. In his long essay "Neo-Plasticism in Pictorial Art", Mondrian wrote: "The new plastic idea ... should find its expression in the abstraction of form and colour, that is to say, in the straight line and the clearly defined primary colour". Thus in a sense Neo-Plasticism was an ideal form of painting, which used only pure colour, line and form. In addition to insisting only on primary colours (or non-colours), it advocated solely squares, rectangles, and straight horizontal or vertical lines. Despite his disagreement with Van Doesburg over the latter's launch of Elementarism, in 1924, Mondrian's theories exercised had a huge impact on later painting, and he is now regarded as one of the greatest of all modern artists.
A popular and fashionable style of decorative art, design and architecture in the inter-war years (much beloved by cinema and hotel architects), Art Deco designs also extended to furniture, ceramics, textile fabrics, jewellery, and glass. Showcased in 1925 at the International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts held in Paris, Art Deco was essentially a reaction against Art Nouveau: replacing the latter's flowing curvilinear shapes with Cubist and Precisionist-inspired geometric forms. Classic examples of Art Deco design include the New York Chrysler Building and the Empire State Building. Art Deco also drew inspiration from the modern architectural designs of The Bauhaus. Famous artists associated with Art Deco include the Polish-Russian society portraitist Tamara de Lempicka, glass artist Rene Lalique and graphic designer Adolphe Mouron. For details, see Art Deco.
For half a century (1890-1940) Paris remained the centre of world art, culminating in the dazzling works of Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, Fauvism, Cubism and Surrealism. The Paris School is a term used by art historians to denote the community of artists, both French and foreign, working in the city during the first half of the 20th century, rather than a strictly defined style, school or movement. For many reasons, Paris was exceptionally attractive to artists. It was free of political repression, it was home to numerous masters of modern art (eg. Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, Georges Rouault, Henri Matisse, Fernand Leger, Amedeo Modigliani, Piet Mondrian, Marc Chagall, Chaïm Soutine, Mikhail Larionov, Wassily Kandinsky, Constantin Brancusi, to name but a few), and it boasted a booming art world with galleries, collectors and critics to support artists with talent. The twin leaders (chefs d'école) were Picasso and Matisse. For more information, see: Ecole de Paris.
Neue Sachlichkeit (Germany, c.1925-35)
A German term, meaning "New Objectivity", this was the name given to a group of Expressionist artists in Germany during the 1920s, derived from their 1925 Neue Sachlichkeit show in Mannheim. It was the third phase of the Expressionist movement in Germany, after Die Brucke (The Bridge) and Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider). Key members included Otto Dix, George Grosz, Christian Schad and to a lesser extent Georg Schrimpf and Max Beckmann. Although the exhibition curator, GF Hartlaub, described its paintings as "new realism bearing a socialist flavour", the style was vividly expressionist in its satirical portrayal of corruption and decadence in post-war Weimar Germany. For more please see: Die Neue Sachlichkeit.
Rooted in the Metaphysical Painting of Giorgio de Chirico (1888-1978), the revolutionary painterly ideas of Cubism, the subversive art of Dada and the psychoanalysis ideas of Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung, Surrealism was the most influential avant-garde art movement of the inter-war years. Its goal, according to its founding father, the French writer Andre Breton - in his 1924 Manifesto of Surrealism - was to fuse the unconscious (the part of the human mind where memories and instincts are stored) with the conscious, to create a new "super-reality" - a surréalisme. A broad intellectual movement, Surrealism encompassed a diverse range of styles from abstraction to expressionism and full-blown realism, characteristically punctuated with weird, hallucinatory or fundamentally 'unreal' imagery. Leading surrealist artists included Salvador Dali (1904-89), Max Ernst (1891-1976), Rene Magritte (1898-1967), Andre Masson (1896-1987), Yves Tanguy (1900-55), Joan Miro (1893-1983), Jean Arp (1886-1966), and Man Ray (1890-1976). Their immediate impact was seen in Germany in the Magic Realism of Franz Roh, and later in Britain, where British Surrealism was founded in 1936 by the writer Herbert Read, together with the artists David Gascoyne, Paul Nash, and Roland Penrose. The First International Surrealist Exhibition opened in London in 1936 and sparked enormous interest, not least because of the talk given by the flamboyant self-publicist Salvador Dali from inside a deep-sea diving suit. Surrealism had a huge influence on Europe, and few European artists of the 1930s were unaffected by the movement. It continues to have a significant influence on art, literature and cinematography. For an in-depth explanation of surrealist ideas, see Surrealism: History, Styles.
Although influenced by Surrealism, Magic Realism was actually part of the 'return to order' trend which occured in post-World War I Europe in the 1920s. The name derives from a 1925 book by German art historian and critic Franz Roh called "Nach Expressionismus: Magischer Realismus" (After Expressionism: Magic Realism). Members included Giorgio de Chirico, Alberto Savinio, Alexander Kanoldt and Adolf Ziegler.
Degenerate Art (Entartete Kunst) (1930s, Germany)
Coined by Adolf Hitler, the term "Entartete Kunst" meaning degenerate art, expresses the Nazi idea that any art which did not conform to the ideal of well-crafted figurative images depicting heroic acts or comfortable day-to-day living, was the product of degenerate people. Not surprisingly most modern art was labelled degenerate, which meant that most modern artists in Germany (from 1933 onwards) could not show or sell their works. In 1937, the Nazis removed all modern works from German art museums. A selection was then exhibited in Munich to demonstrate how repulsive they were, but the plan backfired and introduced modern art to huge crowds. For a full explanation, see: Degenerate Art.
American Realism (Late 1920s to mid-1940s)
A general category describing works of art which focus on relatively low-brow subjects to do with eveyday life, as opposed to the 'ideal' or romantic settings employed by artists up until the 19th century. Embraces Social Realism, American Scene Painting and Regionalism.
Social Realism denotes the socially-aware painters of the Depression era, such as Ben Shahn, Reginald Marsh, Moses Soyer, Raphael Soyer, William Gropper, Jack Levine, Jacob Lawrence and Isabel Bishop. They took their inspiration from the traditions of the earlier New York Ashcan School. Comparisons can also be made between the American Social Realists and their contemporaries in Europe such as George Grosz and Otto Dix of Neue Sachlichkeit.
Mexican Murals/Muralism describes the national wall painting campaign, conceived by the education minister Jose Vasconcelos Calderon (1882-1959). The Mexican painters involved included Diego Rivera, Jose Clemente Orozco and David Alfaro Siqueiros, as well as Alfredo Martinez (1871-1946), Roberto Nervo (1885-1968), Amado de la Cueva (1891-1926), Ramon Alva de la Canal (1892-1985), Pedro Nel Gomez (18991984), Rufino Tamayo (1899-1991), Fermin Revueltas Sanchez (1901-1935), Federico Heraclio Cantu Garza (1907-89), Jorge Gonzalez Camarena (1908-80), and Alfredo Zalce Torres (1908-2003), to name but a few.
American Scene Painting was a sort of patriotic reaction to avant-garde European abstract art. Artists turned their back on European hypermodernism and looked for truth in specifically American imagery. Regionalism was the midwest variant of American Scene Painting, which relied on the realistic nostalgic setting of rural and small-town America.
Socialist Realism (1928 onwards)
A form of political propaganda employed by dictator Joseph Stalin in Russia, from 1929 onwards, to buttress his program of accelerated industrial development. Formally announced by his artistic stooge Maxim Gorky, at the Soviet Writers Congress of 1934, the style or direction involved the creation of bold optimistic imagery to evangelize the achievements of the Soviet State and inspire workers to Stakhanovite feats of labour. The most ubiquitous media used by Socialist Realist artists was the poster, although painting and sculpture was also produced, typically on a monumental scale, showing fearless individuals and groups in idealistic and heroic poses. For more details, see: Socialist Realism.
St Ives School (late 1930s onwards)
A British art movement based in the Cornish fishing town of St Ives, it was associated with the abstract artist Ben Nicholson and his wife, the great sculptor Barbara Hepworth, who settled near the town in 1939, to be joined shortly afterwards (until 1946) by the Russian Constructivist sculptor Naum Gabo. Another major artist, who had been living in St Ives since 1923, when he founded a pottery studio with fellow ceramicist Shoji Hamada, was the British ceramics artist Bernard Howell Leach. After 1945, as other artists arrived, St Ives developed into a centre for modern and abstract art, much of it derived from the local landscape. The main members of the St Ives School included Wilhelmina Barns-Graham, Paul Feiler, Terry Frost, Patrick Heron, Roger Hilton, Peter Lanyon, Karl Weschke and Bryan Wynter. In 1993, Tate St Ives, a purpose built art gallery was opened on Porthmeor Beach to display the Tate collection of St Ives School art. Also, nearby, is the Barbara Hepworth Museum and Sculpture Garden, which was established in 1980.
Neo-Romanticism (1930s, 1940s, 1950s)
Term denoting the intense, poetic, figurative and semi-abstract British landscape paintings of Paul Nash, Graham Sutherland and others in the late 1930s, 1940s and 1950s, that gave a modern interpretation to the romantic, visionary works of the 18th century William Blake and the 19th century Samuel Palmer. Early works were generally sombre, reflecting the anxieties of approaching war. Other British Neo-Romantics included Michael Ayrton, John Craxton, Ivon Hitchens, John Minton, John Piper, Keith Vaughan and the wartime drawings of Henry Moore. A lesser known group, also sometimes referred to as Neo-Romantics, were the Paris-based artists Eugène Berman, Leonid Berman and Pavel Tchelitchew: all noted for their brooding, nostalgic works.
Art Brut is a phrase coined by Jean Dubuffet (1901-85), to denote artworks produced by people outside the established art world, such as solitary artists, the maladjusted, patients in psychiatric institutions, and fringe-dwellers of all kinds - typically not for display or profit. In English, the term "Outsider Art" (a phrase coined by Roger Cardinal in 1972) is sometimes used to describe this kind of work. In Dubuffet's view, this type of culturally detached art possessed a unique originality, unstifled by education. Dubuffet's collection of Art Brut, eventually numbering over 5,000 items, was presented to the city of Lausanne in 1972 and in 1976 was opened to the public. See also the abstract expressionist Cobra group.
Biomorphic/Organic Abstraction (1940s, 1950s)
Biomorphic/Organic Abstraction describes a style of art which employs rounded abstract forms derived from nature. It did not constitute a movement as such, but rather a style of art which appeared in the work of many different artists, such as Wassily Kandinsky, Constantin Brancusi, Jean Arp, Joan Miro and Yves Tanguy, as well as the British sculptors Barbara Hepworth and Henry Moore. See also: Modern British Sculpture 1930-70. The appeal of Organic Abstraction extended the Abstract Expressionists, as well as legions of American and European furniture designers, including Charles Eames (1907-78), his wife Ray Eames (1912-88), Isamu Noguchi (1904-88) and the Finn Eero Saarinen (1910-61). The style has endured beyond the 1950s, being visible in the work of modern 3-D artists such as the designers Ron Arad, Verner Panton and Oscar Tusquets, as well as the sculptors Linda Benglis, Richard Deacon, Eva Hesse, Anish Kapoor, Ursula von Rydingsvard and Bill Woodrow.
Existential Art (1940s and 1950s)
Existentialism was a popular philosophy which grew up around the writings of Frenchmen Jean-Paul Sartre and Albert Camus, during the 1940s and 1950s. It had a significant effect on the visual arts, where its themes of alienation, as well as angst in the face of the human condition, can be seen in works by the American Abstract Expressionists, the Informel and "CoBrA" movements, the French Homme-Temoin (Man as a Witness) group, the British Kitchen Sink art group, and the American Beats - all of whom from time to time are labelled Existential. So, too, are many individual painters and sculptors: like the French artists Jean Fautrier, Germaine Richier, and Francis Gruber; the Swiss sculptor Alberto Giacometti; as well as Francis Bacon and Lucien Freud.
Abstract Expressionist Art (c.1947-65)
A major movement, or series of associated movements, in American art, which came to the fore in the 1940s and 1950s. Largely based around artists in New York, it is sometimes referred to as the New York School. As the name implies, the general style was abstract, but, instead of following the Cubist geometrical idiom, it followed an expressive or emotional course. Abstract Expressionism encompassed all-over "Action-Painting" (Jackson Pollock, Lee Krasner, Willem de Kooning), "Colour Field Painting" (Mark Rothko, Barnett Newman, Clyfford Still), and "Hard-Edge Painting" (Frank Stella), most executed on a monumental scale. Another major contribution was made by the ex-Bauhaus painter Josef Albers with his "Homage to the Square" series. For more, see Abstract Expressionism.
Art Informel (mid-1940s, 1950s)
The French term Art Informel, meaning art without form, was the European equivalent of abstract expressionist painting, which dominated the art world from roughly 1946 until the late 1950s. Coined by the French sculptor and writer Michel Tapié in his 1952 book "Un Art Autre," it was one of several buzzwords used by critics (another being "Lyrical Abstraction") to define the formless abstract expressionist style which arose during this period, both in America and Europe. The subject works varied in style to a degree, but were typically characterized by the absence of compositional structure, which represented (at least in Tapié's mind) a fundamental break with artistic tradition. Leading Art Informel artists included Maria Helena Vieira da Silva, Jean Fautrier, Wols (Alfred Otto Wolfgang Schulze), Nicolas de Stael, to name but a few.
A term derived from the French word "tache" meaning "spot", it denotes a type of abstract painting popular in the late 1940s and 1950s characterized by the use of irregular dabs or splotches of colour. Given wide currency in Michel Tapie's book "Un autre art", Tachisme initially developed independently of the American Abstract Expressionist movement, and continued to be essentially a French phenomenon, although it is commonly used as a generic label for European Abstract Expressionism. Leading exponents included Karel Appel (1921-2006), Jean Fautrier, Georges Mathieu and the German-born but Paris-based artist Alfred Otto Wolfgang Schulze, known as Wols. In Australia, Tachisme was embraced by the Sydney School. For more details, see: Australian Modern Painting (1900-60). For more information, please see: Tachisme.
Somewhat confusingly, the term Tachisme was used differently in the 1880s by the critic Felix Feneon to describe the painting technique of Impressionists, and again in the 1900s by the artist Maurice Denis referring to the Italian Macchiaioli artists and the Parisian Fauve painters.
The Italian Movimento d'Arte Nucleare, launched in 1951 by the Italian artist Enrico Baj, was a politically conscious arts movement that produced paintings and collages 'for the nuclear era.' Avoided geometric abstract works in favour of more fluid forms, characteristic of the Art Informel style. Baj's works included images reminiscent of atomic mushroom clouds and devastated urbanscapes. Other members of the movement included the painters Sergio Dangelo, Gianni Bertini, and Gianni Dova. Several Arte Nucleare shows were held in venues across Italy, but the movement foundered by the end of the decade.
A term coined by the critic David Sylvester, which first appeared in the December 1954 issue of the journal Encounter, in a description of the work of four British artists (John Bratby, Derrick Greaves, Edward Middleditch and Jack Smith) known as the Beaux Arts Quartet. It pointed to the everyday subject matter (furniture, babies nappies, kitchen utensils, toilets) of the foursome, whose celebration of the banal in the lives of ordinary people was their attempt to make art more relevant and accessible, while making a clear social comment. The Kitchen Sink 'movement' reached a highpoint in 1956, when the members of the Beaux Arts Quartet were selected to be the British representatives at the Venice Biennale.
A term coined by Jean Dubuffet in 1953 to denote a type of work constructed from fragments of natural, preformed or 'found' objects such as household debris, urban detritus, stuffed animals - indeed any (usually recognizable) materials, large or small. Typically, the items are selected and combined for their visual (sculptural) properties, as well as their expressive attributes. Although popularly thought of as the three-dimensional counterpart of collage, Assemblage in fact encompasses both 2-D collages and photomontages, as well as 3-D sculpture and entire-room environments. The art form gained wide currency following an exhibition called "The Art of Assemblage" held at the Museum of Modern Art in New York (1961), where one of the most unusual works, by Cesar Baldaccini (1921-1998), was made from compressed automobiles. A master exponent of this genre was the New York artist Robert Rauschenberg, whose innovative assemblages of the 1950s and the 1960s contributed immensely to the genre. For more, see Assemblage Art.
Neo-Dada art was a term almost synonymous with early American Pop-Art, especially the collage and assemblage work of Robert Rauschenberg and Jasper Johns in New York in the late 1950s. Pop-Art also shared Dada's subversive approach, by deliberately inflating the aesthetic significance of low-brow objects and imagery, much to the consternation of many "serious" critics and curators. The production-line methods of Andy Warhol's Factory, together with his iconoclastic showmanship and notoriety echoed the antics and shock tactics of Dada artist Marcel Duchamp, 40 years previously. Another movement, closely related to Dadaism is Fluxus, founded by George Maciunas, which emerged in the early 1960s in Germany and New York.
Op-Art (Optical Art) (1950s, 1960s)
A refinement of Hard Edge Painting, Op-Art was a type of non-objective art which employed black and white geometric patterns to create a variety of optical effects on the viewer's physiology and psychology of perception. Insofar as it created the illusion of movement, the style is best seen as part of the wider Kinetic art movement. For example, by bombarding the eyes in this manner, the paintings cause them to "see" colours or shapes that are not actually there, or to confuse background with foreground and so on. Despite its strange, sometimes disturbing, effects, Optical Art was fully in line with traditional canons of fine art. Remember, all traditional painting is based upon the "illusion" of depth and perspective. Op-Art simply extended the illusionary nature of art by interfering with the rules governing optical perception. Famous abstract Op-artists included Bridget Riley, Victor Vasarely, Richard Anuszkiewicz, François Morellet and Jesús-Rafael Soto. Josef Albers' Homage to the Square series was also a type of Optical art, as were the illusionary drawings of M.C. Escher. See also British Contemporary Painting (1960-2000).
The term "Pop-Art" describes a style of art - emerging simultaneously in both America and Britain - that derived its inspiration, creative techniques and philosophy from popular and commercial culture. These populist or consumerist sources encompassed film, advertising, product-packaging, pop music and comic strips. The British movement differed from its American counterpart by being less brash, more romantic and more nostalgic. A Continental version of Pop, Nouveau Réalisme (New Realism), also appeared, although this had stronger links to the anti-art Dada movement. Pop art started in the mid-1950s and peaked in the mid-1960s under the influence of Andy Warhol and others. Inspired in America by the pioneering work of Robert Rauschenberg and Jasper Johns, Pop also had affinities with early 20th century movements like Surrealism. In part, it was a revolt against the closed artistic purism of Abstract Expressionism, from which Pop artists sought to distance themselves by using simple, easily recognized imagery, as well as modern printmaking technology like screen printing. Famous Pop artists in the USA included: Jim Dine (b.1935), Robert Indiana (aka John Clark) (b.1928), Jasper Johns (b.1930), Alex Katz (b.1927), Roy Lichtenstein (1923-97), Claes Oldenburg (b.1929), Edward Ruscha (b.1937), Robert Rauschenberg (1925-2008), James Rosenquist (b.1933), Andy Warhol (1928-87) and Tom Wesselmann (b.1931). Famous British Pop artists included: Sir Peter Blake (b.1932), Patrick Caulfield (1936-2006), Richard Hamilton (b.1922), David Hockney (b.1937), Allen Jones (b.1937), RB Kitaj (b.1932), Sir Eduardo Paolozzi (1924-2005). For a full explanation, see: Pop-Art: History, Characteristics. See also our guide to Andy Warhol's Pop Art of the sixties and seventies.
A French counterpart of American Pop Art, New Realism (Nouveau Réalisme) was a movement launched in 1960, whose manifesto, "Constitutive Declaration of New Realism," stated its aim to be "creating new ways of perceiving the real." Founding members included Pierre Restany, Yves Klein, Martial Raysse, Daniel Spoerri, Jean Tinguely, Francois Dufrêne, Raymond Hains, and Jacques de la Villeglé. Later members were Mimmo Rotella, Niki de Saint Phalle and Gérard Deschamps. The group lost momentum after the death of Yves Klein in 1962, who personally favoured the name "today's realism" (réalisme d'aujourd'hui). For more, see: Nouveau Realisme (New Realism) (1960-70).
Nouveau Réaliste works were often characterized by collage, décollage and assemblage, using real-life objects. In this manner, New Realism reveals its links with Dada in general and the readymades of Marcel Duchamp in particular. Another important influence was American Pop-Art, as exemplified by the movement's use of mass-produced commercial objects and iconography. In general, one can say that Nouveau Réalistes turned their backs on abstraction and emotionalism in favour of a cooler approach and a return of the figure.
Post-Painterly Abstraction (Early, mid-1960s)
A term coined by art critic Clement Greenberg (his title for an exhibition he curated for the Los Angeles County Museum of Art in 1964) to describe a calmer, more restrained type of 1960s Abstract Expressionism. Essentially, the term describes a rejection of gestural brushwork in favour of broad areas of unmodulated colour. Prominent exponents of 1960s Post Painterly Abstraction include: Helen Frankenthaler, Al Held, Ellsworth Kelly, Morris Louis, Kenneth Noland, Jules Olitski and Frank Stella. For details, see: Post-Painterly Abstraction. The term (and style) were gradually overtaken and replaced by the new school of Minimalism.
Feminist Art (mid-to-late 1960s onwards)
Feminist Art - art made by women about women's issues - emerged towards the end of the 1960s and explored what it was to be a woman AND an artist in a male dominated world. It first appeared in America and Britain, where various feminist art groups were inspired by the women's liberation movement, before spreading across Europe. [But see also the greatest pioneer of Feminist painting, Artemisia Gentileschi (15931656), whose gritty Baroque art reflected her oppressive treatment at the hands of her male contemporaries.] In comparison with the elitist formal and impersonal subject matter pursued by male avant-garde artists, work by women artists offered emotion, and real-life experience. British and US feminist artists employed inherently female symbolic forms, raising the status of so-called "female" materials and practices. They addressed fundamental gender-based issues, such as giving birth, motherhood, and forced seduction, as well as wider concerns such as racism and working conditions. A specific style of Female art, the Pattern and Decoration movement, sprang up in California during the 1970s, being composed largely of women artists. They reacted against the severe austerity of Minimalizm by juxtaposing identical or similiar patterns, and producing intense fusions of colour and texture using traditional craft techniques, like weaving, paper cut-outs and patchwork. Their beautiful use of colour was inspired by the French Fauves movement of 1900s Paris, while their geometrical and floral motifs were drawn from Islamic, Far Eastern, Celtic and Persian Art. Prominent feminist artists include the Americans Nancy Spero, Eleanor Antin, Joan Jonas, Judy Chicago. Mary Kelly, Mary Yates and Miriam Schapiro, the Swedish artist Monica Sjoo, the English artist Margaret Harrison, to name but a handful. In the plastic arts, one of the great feminist sculptors is Louise Bourgeois (1911-2010).
For more about modern art movements, styles and artists, see: Homepage.


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It can be expensive to buy pounds of ingredients all at once, so I've created my Ready Mixes which offer pre-measured, smaller quantities of ingredients to make just one batch. The kits are still being tweaked and perfected, but for now, you can get them online only.
Wheat and dairy-free, gluten and refined sugar-free, organic, all superfood ingredients. Eating these desserts can help you loose weight while looking and feeling great!
My proprietary, Award-Winning Chocolate Kits are only available here online. Here's the 2 Ready Mixes, you can order direct from Essential Living Foods:
1) Ani's Gourmet Ready Mix Superfood Chocolate Kit
2) Ani's Raspberry Ganache Raw Chocolate Cake Mix
tags: Ani's Chocolate Truffle Ready Mix, Ani's Raspberry Ganache Fudge Cake Ready Mix, Ani's Raw Food Desserts, Ani's Ready Mixes, ca, cacao, cacao butter, cacao powder, california, chocolate, cookbook, dessert, eco, Gluten Free, gluten free diet, Green Living, Health, korean, korean american, local, maca, natural, organic, raw food, raw food diet, superfood, superfoods, Vegan, Vegetarian, weight loss, whole food and whole foods
categories: - Ani's Raw Food Desserts - Ani's Ready Mixes - Desserts - Gluten Free - NEWS & EVENTS - news and events right - RECIPES - recipes right - Super Foods - Vegan - Vegetarian - Whole Foods
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Ani Launches New VitaMix TurboBlend VS
I was invited to the VitaMix headquarters to shoot a 60-minute DVD they'll include in...
Ani's Raw Food Essentials
My new book, Ani's Raw Food Essentials, will be available everywhere May 3rd! I was...
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Two of my recipes are included in the 2009 Food & Wine Cookbook: my Zucchini Noodles with...
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By Samantha L. QuigleyAmerican Forces Press Service
WASHINGTON, April 11, 2008 Servicemembers' friends and families living in west-central California have a shoulder to lean on if they should need it.
"Our group offers a supportive environment for family members, primarily moms, of service personnel," said Tammy Callahan, president of the Delta Blue Star Moms, based in Knightsen, Calif. "It is most difficult dealing with the fact that your child is serving far away and often in harm's way.
"The support we offer each other is invaluable," she added.
The Delta Blue Star Moms, an official chapter of the national Blue Star Mothers of America organization, is a service and support group for families and friends of U.S. military personnel.
Its main mission, however, is to support the troops with care packages and cards or letters of encouragement, Callahan said.
"Throughout the year, we participate in various fundraisers -- garage sales, etc. -- which allow us to cover postage expenses for our care packages," she said. "Most of the items we ship in the care packages [are donated], but we are always in need of help to defray postage costs."
Delta Blue Star Moms recently became a supporter of America Supports You, a Defense Department program connecting citizens and companies with servicemembers and their families serving at home and abroad.
Blue Star Mothers of America also is a supporter of the Defense Department program.
"It is our hope that through America Supports You we can increase awareness and exposure to our group," Callahan said. "This will allow us to grow our group and, through increased membership, we will be able to support more servicemembers.
"We also hope it will inspire more businesses and individuals to donate care package items for sending to the troops," she added.


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Exterior :- They are really nice, great lines, aerodynamics at its best, would be better if had the 220 CDI bumpers in all models, but still its catchy nd attractive
Interior (Features, Space & Comfort) :- its a full power packed car from inside more features then the BMW 3 series, better display nd most importantly a great feeling when u sit in
Engine Performance, Fuel Economy and Gearbox :- Great pickup, gear shifts reallllyyy smoooth! nd better responce then BMW 3 series.
Ride Quality & Handling :- The brand speaks for the value the give, they have put it all in the C200, great suspensions nd car is really responsive nd steady at high speeds.
Final Words :- If u are looking for a car between BMW, MERCEDES-BENZ ND AUDI, then its better then its competitors, in looks, engine, handling, interiors nd most imortantly the BRAND, it speaks for itself, the three point star logo defines the car as THE BEST!
Areas of improvement :- Can give a larger screen for audio
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Dear Friends,I have written a review on Mercedes-Benz C-Class and look forward to your comments on it.Review Link: Awesome! Thanks.
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The computer systems operated by ITS Distributed Support Services are intended primarily for academic related computing needs. The support of recreational computer programs (e.g. games) is NOT a primary mission of DSS. This policy should be considered an addendum to the ITS Code of Conduct for Computer Use and the ITS Games Policy. All users who wish to play or develop game programs on DSS computers and the ITS computer systems are expected to be familiar with these policies. These policies are available on-line at http://www.rit.edu/its/about/policies or in hardcopy form from ITS Service Desk.
Recreational use of computers (e.g. game playing) is permitted in the lab during off-peak hours. However, a DSS Lab Assistant will ask a user to stop if:
- they are in a restricted access lab
- they are disruptive to other users in the lab
- another student needs the computer to work on schoolwork
- the use is network intensive
- the use appears to be damaging the equipment
If a user (or users) refuse to comply with the DSS Lab Assistant's request to stop, the DSS Lab Assistant will contact their management who in turn may contact Public Safety for assistance.
Careful observance of the rules in this policy by all users will allow DSS and RIT to continue to provide excellent service for academic and administrative use while allowing recreational use of otherwise idle computers. DSS feels that this policy is necessary to strike a fair balance between required use and recreational use of the computing systems. Without such a policy, DSS would probably have to take the much stricter stance of disallowing all recreational use of the systems.


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For a fresh new look that will suit your style and personality, head down to Hair Expressions in Pratt, KS today. Hair Expressions caters to men, women, and children of all ages. Let the experts at Hair Expressions give you the look that will highlight your beautiful assets and accentuate your unique features. We can accommodate wedding parties.
Learn More About Hair Expressions:
- Perms and spirals
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We use Redken products. We also accept group bookings and walk-in clients.
Contact Hair Expressions today at 620-672-9333 for an appointment.
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1,883 Shouts - 6,928,848 Scrobbles
Zola Jesus is the stage name of Russian-American singer-songwriter Nika Roza Danilova (born 11 April 1989 in Phoenix, Arizona and raised in Merrill, Wisconsin, USA). Her music style combines electronic, industrial, classical, goth, and experimental rock influences. Nika Roza Danilova was raised in Merrill, Wisconsin, on over 100 acres of forest. Danilova started singing early on, buying voice lesson tapes and opera sheet music at the age of 7; soon she began working with a vocal coach. It was not her parents' idea: "I begged them to do it.
Read more about Zola Jesus on Last.fm.
User-contributed text is available under the Creative Commons By-SA License and may also be available under the GNU FDL.
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The blink pattern is an actual firefly song of a type of Japanese firefly. It is a scaled down version of the Jar of Fireflies code that my partner wrote. I have included the code here.
Step 1: What you need
copper tape (from a glass supply store)
a glass cutter (from a glass supply store)
pliers (glass pliers are best but you can substitute regular pliers and coat the tips with rubber like the ones below)
soldering iron
soda can
tiny wires, preferably two different colors
ATTiny45 chip (code attached*) (Digikey #ATTiny45v-10SU-ND)
LED (Digikey #160-1423-1-ND)
tiny switch
CR2016-1F2 battery (Digikey #P222-ND) (Really, any 3v battery will do. This one was chosen for form factor.
*Getting the code on the chip could be its own Instructable. When I am a microcontroller guru someday I will post on how to do that.
Step 2: Score & Cut the glass
Art glass is a bit softer than window glass. It is much easier to cut as well. Draw your lines on the glass. Dab a little mineral oil on the cutting wheel to keep it moving nice and smoothly. Apply slight and even pressure and roll all the way to the other side of the glass (past your markings).
Glass pliers are very nice and specifically designed to break your glass along your score. They're kind of rounded on the ends and have rubber pads to protect the glass from scratching. The pliers below are regular pliers that have been dipped in liquid rubber several times to get the same effect - mostly anyway. Either way, they will break the glass *way* better than your hand.
Score and break until you have a square.


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Tonight on the season finale of La La's Full Court Life, La La was busy filming her new film November Rule and managing to have her 5th & Mercer pop-up shop, actually happen. Meanwhile Po was struggling with notes from her new bosses at Tommy Boy but came out on top when her single "Monster" was played at the pop-up shop party. In spite of all that it was truly Dice who shined by cutting off her signature long locks off in favor of a super cute short 'do. All at the hands of her on-again girlfriend Gocha, of course.
Check our gallery for a look at some snapshots of Dice's new look. Did you react like La La and Po?
What do you think of Dice's new style? Do you think yas or nah?


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Hmong American Partnership (HAP) along with federal, state, and local government agencies and national organizations celebrated the 13th annual National Consumer Protection Week (NCPW) March 6–12, 2011.
During NCPW, groups nationwide shared tips and information that help consumers protect their privacy, manage money and debt, avoid identity theft, and avoid frauds and scams. Unfortunately, this year an estimated 4 million households nationwide are expected to face the risk of foreclosure. Millions of homeowners will try to reduce their mortgage payments with a loan modification. The scammers know this.


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The software gives control of your client's fixed asset data.
your clients' TaxWise individual, corporate ... the client's TaxWise individual, corporate
A software conversion utility for TaxWise to Drake.
tax programs TaxWise cannot convert
TaxWise offers two packages designed for the general tax practitioner.
TaxWise offers two
TaxWise is targeted for the accounting firm that is looking to grow.
TaxWise is targeted ... and streamlined. TaxWise is designed


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Festival fashion: Fringe, denim and color
From camping out to dancing for days under the hot sun, music festivals are not for the faint of heart. Whether you're planning on chilling at Bonnaroo or rocking out at Coachella, you'll need easy, no fuss fashion that still shows off your sense of style. Here, some of our top picks. -- Compiled by Brianna McMahon
Newsday.com now uses Facebook for our comment boards. Please read our guidelines and connect your Facebook account to comment.
'Hunger Games' exhibit and more NYC weekend picks Peek into Long Island's most lavish homes Europe's top tourist sites: How to beat the crowds Animals around the world 13 social media pets you should be following Travel gear and gadgets 48 things all foodies should buy Explore NY State: 10 New York spots to take your breath away Get a $12 lobster picnic and more NYC food events One-tank beach getaways Hangin' in the Hamptons: July Puppy of the day: Adoptable dogs on LI


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Facebook has pushed out a new update for Instagram, bringing yet another photo filter. The new update also brings support for new languages and other minute improvements. Rockmelt, the amazing browser that curates all your feeds, social networks and more is now available for the iPhone as well.
Instagram was recently updated and received a new filter called Willow along with a few other improvements. They also updated their Privacy Policy, which wasn't communicated properly and caused a lot of problems. Now, to make customers happy, they've added another new filter that'll make your photos look more prettier. The new filter is called Mayfair, gives your photo a warm pink tone, slight brightness reduction at the center and comes with a thin black border. It works best with well-lit photos, obviously.
That's not all, version 3.4.1 of Instagram brings translation support for 25 new languages. The new languages include Afrikaans, Chinese, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Malay, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Swedish, Tagalog, Thai and Turkish. There's also full Facebook iOS 6 integration, the ability to share photos from any album in the camera roll, a bug fix when photos taken with the front camera were mirrored and others. For more details, read Instagram's blog post.
Another app that received a major update is Rockmelt, bringing the awesome social browser to the iPhone. The iPhone version gets a new tile and slider design, new easy to use 'thumb' gestures and a lot more. The app lets you add your favorite websites/blogs, connect your social networks and shows you everything in one single page. According to the developer, this version brings a fully iPhone optimized interface. Gestures have been given a lot of importance to in this update. Swipe a tile to the right and the story will be saved for later, tap the 'R' to go back to the home stream. Then there's the usual set of bug fixes and improvements.
Rockmelt and Instagram for iOS are available for free in the App Store. Hit the download links below to get the apps.
Download Instagram 3.4.1 app for iPhone, iPod Touch and iPad [iTunes link]
Download Rockmelt app for iPhone and iPad [iTunes link]


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Created: 12/07/2012 4:44 PM KSTP.com By: Kaitlin Stevens
If you were hoping to see Kenny Chesney at Target Field next summer and haven't gotten your tickets, it might be time for Plan B.
Tickets for the country star's show sold out less than 30 minutes after they went on sale Friday morning.
Chesney will perform on July 12 along with the Zac Brown Band.
This will be the star's second Target Field performance.


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StockCall Scans JB Hunt and Swift: Trucking Companies Finish 2012 Strong PR Newswire LONDON, January 30, 2013 LONDON, January 30, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- The trucking industry, within which JB Hunt Transport Services Inc. (NASDAQ:JBHT) and Swift Transportation Company (NASDAQ:SWFT) operate, seems to have enjoyed a strong finish to 2012. In light of this, StockCall analysts have concluded their technical analysis of JB Hunt and Swift, and these free reports can be accessed now by signing up at http://www.stockcall.com/todaysopinions American Trucking Association Figures According to recently released figures from the American Trucking Association, December saw a 2.8 percent increase in the advanced seasonally adjusted (SA) For-Hire Truck Tonnage Index, following a 3.9 percent rise in November. Nevertheless, there are concerns that the recent tax hikes could put a damper on consumer spending and constrain the first quarter of 2013. 4Q Swiftly Delivered For the final quarter of 2012, Swift Transportation recently reported a 27 percent year-over-year increase in net income to $46.9 million with revenue up 7 percent. The results beat analysts' estimates and impressed the street as lower insurance costs and better fuel efficiency, among other things, contributed to the positive outcome. Sign up today and read the free comprehensive technical report on Swift at http://www.StockCall.com/SWFT012813.pdf J.B. Hunt Poised for a Great Start Elsewhere in the industry, J.B. Hunt Transport Services lately announced fourth quarter earnings of $84 million, higher than last year's $72.6 million, with revenue up 11 percent to $1.34 billion. The addition of new accounts, cost containment efforts and higher load volume played a part in achieving the strong results. Register today and download the free report on J.B. Hunt at http://www.StockCall.com/JBHT012813.pdf About StockCall.com StockCall.com is a financial website where investors can have easy, precise and comprehensive research and opinions on stocks making the headlines. Sign up today to talk to our financial analyst at http://www.stockcall.com Contact: Contact Person:William T. Knight, Email: firstname.lastname@example.com , Contact Number: +1(646)396-9857 (9:00 am EST - 01:30 pm EST)
StockCall Scans JB Hunt and Swift: Trucking Companies Finish 2012 Strong
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Tracy Emblem: the United States should consider phasing out its nuclear power plants over the next generation and begin investing in other safer renewable energy sources. We can lead the world in clean energy technology.
Obama's Nuclear Achievements Are Less Than Meets the Eye
Ivan Eland: Despite all the hoopla about President Barack Obama's summit on nuclear security and a new arms control deal, the eventual results of his laudable efforts will probably be modest and will likely be dwarfed by the damage to nuclear security done by George W. Bush's prior administration. . . . but at least Obama has refocused world attention on what is still the only existential threat in U.S. history—nuclear war—and the improbable, but potentially disastrous, threat of nuclear terrorism. In its pursuit of nation-building and military social work in overseas quagmires, the Bush administration had neglected both.


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Patt Morrison KPCC Contributor
In addition to the Times, Patt is read, heard, and seen in many other places. She is a regular commentator on National Public Radio's "Morning Edition" and has published a bestselling book on the Los Angeles River.
Morrison is frequently interviewed about Southern California on the BBC and other television and radio programs, and was a founding host of "Life & Times" on KCET-TV, for which she won six Emmys and six Golden Mike awards.
A Senior Fellow in the Luskin School of Public Affairs at UCLA, Morrison was featured on the cover of "TALKERS Magazine" as one of the ''heavy hundred'' of the nation's talk radio hosts – a first for a public radio host.
Among her other honors: Pink's, the famous Los Angeles hot dog stand, has a veggie dog named after her!
Stories by Patt Morrison
Restaurant menu exhibit 'To Live and Dine in LA' tells LA's real history
Roy Choi, the kogi truck revolutionary, talks about the new exhibit and book featuring the L.A. Public Library's huge collection of historic menus.
Patt Morrison remembers the 1986 LA Public Library fire
The torching of the DaVinci was the biggest unsolved arson downtown since the LA Public Library burned on April 29, 1986.
Novel weaves blackmail, music, and the Armenian genocide
Writer Litty Mathew's debut novel tells the story of Rupen Najarian, an aging musician who was his family's sole survivor of the Armenian genocide in 1915.
Abraham Lincoln's SoCal legacy
Abraham Lincoln loved the idea of California but never got to see it. He became the first to leave a lasting mark on the state — even before Washington.
Patt Morrison, meet Patricia Morison
On Sunday, March 15, veteran Broadway actress Patricia Morison will observe her 100th birthday with one more performance. We knew the perfect person to talk with her.
Patt Morrison on the death of city hall reporter Rick Orlov
Rick Orlov — city hall reporter for the Daily News — died this past Monday. He was 66. In a place full of chatterers, Orlov was a listener.
Patt Morrison on Jerry Brown's fourth term as governor
Jerry Brown is the only man who ever has been and now ever can be elected to four terms as California governor. What is it he wants?
LA Music Center 50th Anniversary: Who was Dorothy Chandler?
KPCC's Patt Morrison interviews her grandson, Harry Chandler, about the socialite and philanthropist who brought the Music Center to Los Angeles.
Think this drought is scary? California's had it worse.
Rain fell at a fraction of normal levels, livestock were slaughtered en masse and California's once-thriving rancho economy was devastated.
Legendary TV producer Norman Lear got Americans laughing — and talking
Norman Lear — who wrote, produced and created shows like "All in the Family," "Sanford and Sons," "The Jeffersons" — says he feels he got America to talk to each other.
Patt Morrison on the OJ Simpson white Bronco chase
O.J. Simpson had said he'd surrender that morning, avoid all the cameras and the hoo-ha, but then he cut and ran, and for hours, it was a game of where's O.J.?
Vergara trial: Calif. judge says state teacher protections unconstitutional (updated)
The ruling finds that California teacher tenure, firing and discipline procedures are unconstitutional because they violate children's right to an adequate education.
Jeanie Buss on Donald Sterling, the Lakers and love
Jeanie Buss, President and part owner of the Los Angeles Lakers, talks to Patt Morrison about the Lakers, the Donald Sterling controversy and Phil Jackson.
LA's Union Station at 75: A look back at the landmark's history
When the grand Spanish-deco train station opened in downtown L.A. 75 years ago, it was a very big deal.
5 things you probably didn't know about Beverly Hills history
This year, Beverly Hills celebrates 100 years of cityhood. But how did Beverly Hills get to be the upscale paradise it is today?


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Click Here to Watch the Whole Video in HD at Defiant Boyz
We are famous for bringing you hot skaters, twinks, and straight boys exploring their first male-to-male action. Now we bring our entire video collection to the web with DefiantBoyz.
When Rodd Met His Cousin's New Friend Jaime, He Knew He Just Had to See Him Naked! Once He Was Able to Get Him Alone, Rodd Was More Than Surprised When Jaime Offered to Show Him a Thing or Two! the Boys Take Turns Swapin' Spit on Each Other's Knobs, Getting Them All Nice and Wet Before Letting Go of Their Hot Man Flow!
Pixels: 320X240 | Bitrate: 350K
Pixels: 640X480 | Bitrate: 700K


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This is a sidebar from the article, Maximizing the Benefits of Fluid Analysis, which appeared in the July 2012 issue of TLT.
ISO/IEC 17025: General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories
ISO/IEC 17025 is the main standard for testing and calibration laboratories. It was initially issued by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 1999. The two main sections in ISO/IEC 17025 are Management Requirements and Technical Requirements. Management Requirements address the lab's operation and the effectiveness of the quality management system. Technical Requirements address the correctness and reliability of the tests and also the calibrations performed in the lab.
For a laboratory to become accredited, it must have a documented quality management system. More important, the lab must undergo a full-scale audit of each parameter it wants to have accredited. If a lab accredits only one test, it has the right to display an ISO 17025 certification. But the better labs are accredited to a rigorous program of 30-60 different tests per location.
To retain accreditation, labs must also participate in independent round robins. If they fail two in a row, they automatically lose their accreditation for that parameter and must start over. Audits are recurring, and round robins for all accredited parameters are continually reported to the accreditation body (i.e., ASTM) in order to ensure continued compliance.


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PawFlex MediMitt Bandage is appropriate for dogs paws. This bandage has no designated front or back so you can direct the wound pad portion directly over the wound no matter where it is located on the paw. The fastener is a non-slip strap with Velcro. For outdoor protection, PawFlex has designed a disposable water proof Cover/Protector that slips right over PawFlex MediMitt and utilizes the same fastener to keep the MediMitt clean and dry during outside use.
Small and Medium Packages includes: 6 MediMitt Bandages and 1 Outdoor Waterproof Cover
Large Package Includes: 5 MediMitt Bandages and 1 Outdoor Waterproof Cover
PawFlex MediMitt Bandage Sizing (Measure the Paw Width only.)
Small: is 2.25"W
Medium: is 2.75"W
Large: is 3.25"W