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Tambang Batubara Bukit Asam, a state coal miner, posted a 13 percent increase in revenue in the first half of this year, thanks in part to rising volume of coal in the period.
PTBA corporate secretary Hananto Budi Laksono said on Monday that revenue at the Muara-Enim, Sumatra-based company rose to Rp 5.78 trillion ($613 million) in the first six months this year from Rp 5.12 trillion in the same period in 2011.
The company booked an increase in coal sales volume in the period.
Coal sales volume increased to 7.3 million metric tons in the January to June period this year, from 6.5 million tons in the same period.
The company also produced 14 percent more coal in the period at 7 million tons, Hananto said.
Milawarma, the president director of PTBA, said in May that coal production was expected to rise 27 percent to 17.4 million tons this year. Bukit Asam's coal sales are forecast to hit 18.66 million tons this year, from 13.5 million tons last year.
Increasing production and sales are expected to help push Bukit Asam's revenue to Rp 14 trillion, Milawarma said last week. It posted revenue of Rp 10.6 trillion last year, the president director said.
PTBA expects its coal production to reach 50 million tons in 2016. The company has set a up a joint venture with state railway operator Kereta Api Indonesia to transport coal from Muara Enim, where PTBA is based, to the Tarahan and Kertapati ports in the southern part of Sumatra.
PTBA is competing with other rivals such as Adaro Energy, Harum Energy and Bumi Resources.
Shares of PTBA were comparatively steady compared to their peers on the local bourse, with PTBA rising 0.33 percent to Rp 15,400. Bumi Resources climbed 1.7 percent to Rp 1,070, while shares of Adaro fell 0.7 percent to Rp 1,360, and Harum Energy declined 2.7 percent to Rp 5,800 on the Indonesia Stock Exchange on Tuesday.
Indonesia is the world's second-biggest shipper of thermal coal, with 20.8 billion metric tons of proven coal reserves, according to the Energy and Mineral Resources Ministry.


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LEE SCHOOL BOARD: Objections raised over new superintendent pay
School board members Cameron Sharpe and Wendy Carlyle don't appear to have any problem with Andy Bryan — who's been chosen to lead Lee County Schools as of July. They do, however, take issue with the contract he will receive as the county's next superintendent.
When the Lee County Board of Education voted 5-2 Tuesday night to approve Bryan's four-year contract with a total compensation amount of $180,278, Sharpe and Carlyle cast the two dissenting votes. Both voted for Bryan to become superintendent when his promotion was approved in April.
Although Carlyle couldn't be reached for comment, Sharpe said that their votes against the contract weren't a sign that they had changed their minds on Bryan's suitability for the job, just that they had misgivings about the salary and benefits he was offered.
In addition to his $153,840 base salary, Bryan's contract includes:
* $1,000 per month for travel.
* A smartphone, iPad and/or laptop computer.
* Various insurance plans, as well as health, dental and vision insurance for his family.
* Compensation for up to 10 unused vacation days, valued at $677.71 per day.
* A retirement plan and reimbursement of his annual contribution to the state's retirement fund.
Sharpe said he was prepared to approve $170,000 — or preferably less — especially because Bryan has never been a superintendent before. Bryan's starting salary is about $4,600 less than current superintendent Jeff Moss' starting salary was when he was hired in Dec. 2008, with 10 years of experience as superintendent in two other districts.
"With us talking about cutting people, I just think that's a little bit excessive," Sharpe said. "I mean, we're talking about cutting people, and we're giving this to a superintendent who has no experience."
Bryan, however, said he thinks the contract is fair. As for his experience, he has been second-in-command in Lee County for the past five years, serving as associate superintendent of curriculum and instruction. Prior to that, he was a teacher, assistant principal, principal, coach and athletic director in Virginia.
"I have always had a positive working relationship with all our board members, and I expect that will continue," Bryan said Thursday.
On that same note, Bryan said, he's now writing up an outline of everything he plans to do in his first three months on the job. He'll set up individual meetings with every school board member, he said, hoping to get additional feedback from them. And while he doesn't have any concrete plans concerning programs or initiatives he wants to add or take away from the schools, he said he just wants the district "to continue to improve." He will also, he said, seek input from a wide variety of community members this summer and beyond.
"As we move forward, those meetings and ideas from all those different groups will help guide what we decide to do," he said.
Lynn Smith, school board chairman, said he has every confidence in Bryan and believes he has earned his pay.
"Not only do I think it's appropriate, I think it's fair," Smith said of the contract. "I think it's fair to Andy, and I think it's fair to taxpayers in the community."
Smith said Bryan was flexible during negotiations and was even willing to take a pay cut relative to other superintendents in the area, which he said shows Bryan's cooperative attitude.
The board had originally intended to do a national search, but Smith said he is pleased with the outcome.
"[Bryan] is familiar with our employees; they trust him. ... ," Smith said. "Had we gone any other route, there would've been a huge lapse and learning process."
Despite his enthusiasm, Smith wasn't able to sell Sharpe and Carlyle on the contract. Bryan is now making about $113,000 in total compensation, according to Glenda Jones, the district's head of human resources, which means that his new $180,000 contract equates to a raise of about 60 percent. The district will, however, still save approximately $16,000 by jettisoning Moss' contract, which Jones said is worth $196,240.
Moss is in his 15th total year as a superintendent and will be moving to a higher-paying superintendent's job at the end of June. In those 15 years, he has been named regional superintendent of the year four times — including this year, the board announced Tuesday night. It was the second time in his five years with Lee County Schools that Moss was named the best public school chief in the Sandhills region.
Other honors announced Tuesday went to Jones, who was recently elected president of the Personnel Administrators of North Carolina, and to Public Information Officer Sharon Spence, who was recently elected vice president of the North Carolina School Public Relations Association.
When Moss begins his new job this July as superintendent of schools in Beaufort County, S.C., he will receive about $220,000 in compensation. That's $25,000 more than his Lee County pay package, but Sharpe said he's worried Lee County could soon find itself paying similarly high starting salaries.
"Another point to be made is we've started a trend of paying superintendents too much, so now the next one will think he gets this much," Sharpe said of Bryan's contract, later adding: "We have a first-year superintendent, and we needed to break the trend."

subset: commoncrawl


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Rx drug information, pharmaceutical research, clinical trials, news, and more
TOLAZAMIDE TABLETS, USP mg and 500 mg
Tolazamide is an oral blood-glucose-lowering drug of the sulfonylurea class. Tolazamide is a white or creamy-white powder very slightly soluble in water and slightly soluble in alcohol.
Tolazamide is indicated as an adjunct to diet to lower the blood glucose in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type II) whose hyperglycemia cannot be controlled by diet alone.
In initiating treatment for non-insulin-dependent diabetes, diet should be emphasized as the primary form of treatment. Caloric restriction and weight loss are essential in the obese diabetic patient. Proper dietary management alone may be effective in controlling the blood glucose and symptoms of hyperglycemia. The importance of regular physical activity should also be stressed, and cardiovascular risk factors should be identified and corrective measures taken where possible.
If this treatment program fails to reduce symptoms and/or blood glucose, the use of an oral sulfonylurea or insulin should be considered. Use of tolazamide must be viewed by both the physician and patient as a treatment in addition to diet, and not as a substitute for diet or as a convenient mechanism for avoiding dietary restraint. Furthermore, loss of blood glucose control on a diet alone may be transient, thus requiring only short-term administration of tolazamide.
During maintenance programs, tolazamide should be discontinued if satisfactory lowering of blood glucose is no longer achieved. Judgments should be based on regular clinical and laboratory evaluations.
In considering the use of tolazamide in asymptomatic patients, it should be recognized that controlling the blood glucose in non-insulin-dependent diabetes has not been definitely established to be effective in preventing the long-term cardiovascular or neural complications of diabetes.
All Rights reserved - Copyright DrugLib.com, 2006-2015


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Bandara man sentenced to 20 years on child pornography charges
Authorities say man's equipment had more than 115,000 images of child porn
SAN ANTONIO - A Bandera man accused of distributing child pornography was sentenced Wednesday to 20 years in prison.
Authorities said John Roman Lavota, 62, was sentenced by U.S. District Judge Xavier Rodriguez to 240 months in federal prison. Lavota was arrested Feb. 8, 2011.
According to documents filed in the case, Lavota began using peer-to-peer software. A search warrant was executed at his residence in Jan. 2012, where authorities said computer equipment was seized.
A forensic analysis of the equipment revealed more than 115,664 images of child pornography, according to U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement.
"Each time an image of child pornography is distributed, that child is victimized again," said Vincent Iglio, acting special agent in charge of HSI San Antonio. "As a result of this HSI investigation, this child predator can no longer victimize innocent children. He will spend many years behind bars."
Officials said Lavota will remain in custody pending transfer to a U.S. Bureau of Prisons facility to be determined in the near future.
Copyright 2013 by KSAT.com All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Impressions Of TV After 7 Years Unplugged
Sunday 14 Mar 2010
Ever wondered what aliens would think if they landed on Earth and got their first look at television? Let me offer you the next best thing – a take on TV from an American who hasn't watched the tube in 7 years. When NBC announced its unpopular and backward-thinking decision not to broadcast the Olympics on the web, my husband and I did something really weird. We decided to have cable TV installed in our house for the first time, ever. When we set up housekeeping as a married couple, we didn't have to go through the steps of killing the old 1980s television we inherited from a relative; we just never had it hooked up to cable.
We own some nice documentaries and a few other videos we watch from time to time, but as an adult, TV has never held many charms for me, and my bridegroom and I decided we'd rather spend our time doing things other than looking at programming. The decision to order 1 month of cable TV was based on our genuine love of the Winter Games and the fact that we didn't get to take a vacation last year. This small treat would enable us to connect with the unique spirit of the Olympics, and while this has turned out to be great fun, looking at the content of television has been very strange, indeed.
If your daily life includes a steady diet of TV viewing, here's an honest look at what you are seeing and doing, likely without giving it much thought, because like most Americans under the age of 60, TV has been a given in your life since day one.
TV On The Eyes
After the first two nights of watching the evening sessions of Olympic programming, my eyes were so sore. They hurt like the eye pain associated with sinus headaches, and my stomach felt kind of sick from this. But, on the third day, my eyes suddenly adjusted themselves to staring at the glowing box. The pain went away. Doubtless, you went through this adjustment as a toddler. You don't remember that it bothered your eyes at first, and decades later, you are well-adjusted, but it's interesting to consider that the very act of looking at a television set must require some type of endurance to be built up in the eye muscles and that most Americans are demanding that their eyes keep up the fight so that they can enjoy a lifetime of television viewing. I wonder about the stressing effects of this on people over time. We are a stressed and tired society. I would assert that this may be a contributing factor, however small and unnoticed.
TV and Control
Commericals! How do you stand them? You want to watch ice skating or a show on elephants or a program about fixing a leaking roof, but in order to do this, you are forced to watch overpowering, flashing, blaring advertisements for liquor, drugs, cars and junk food. You may be the most intelligent person in the world, just trying to increase your knowledge by watching a documentary about Nepal, but the tradeoff is waiting out a constant stream of totally unrelated content that *someone else* wants you to see.
To me, this is one of the most significant differences between TV and Internet usage. With the Internet, even with the type of advertising commonly present, I have a sense of control. I am steering the ship and looking at the content I want. With TV, I am totally out of control and am constantly aware of the intentions and wishes of unseen others (corporations) who wants me to look at this, buy this, believe this, absorb this. The absolutely incessant interruptions of NBC's Olympics coverage with the same set of advertisements displayed over and over and over again has evoked extreme feelings of irritation and frustration in me.
I think it's another thing you just get used to. Maybe you hit the mute button. Maybe you do what I remember my father doing – flip through other channels while waiting for your chosen to program come back on. Or maybe you simply sit and stare at the moving pictures that make up TV advertising without even questioning what you are doing. Somewhere inside of you, you give up control and make the pact to accept that the privilege of viewing your favorite show is inextricably linked with being a viewer of corporate advertising. It seems to strange to me, really, that people would do this. Loss of control is one of the fears most commonly voiced in psychotherapy sessions across the country and yet, when it comes to television, we abdicate the driver's seat almost without thought. Could it be that our society has a deep-seated trauma about this, built up by years and years of giving up control of what enters our brains as our part of the bargain to receive entertainment?
Unless you actually love watching commercials (I've never met anyone who does), it might be important for you to be aware that the TV habit likely means a constant source of low level irritation in your life because of the loss of control. It's up to you to decide if the rewards make up for this.
The Drug Companies Have Got To Be Kidding
Big Pharma advertising has reached its all-time height of absurdity. We were better off drinking stump water and taking the magic pills sold by charlatans at the county fair 100 years ago than we are now, in terms of medical intelligence. At least, that's how I feel after a month of watching the most unbearably ridiculous advertisements being put out by the medical companies.
The glowing green butterfly really takes the cake. Shots of a woman sleeping and a very eerie and creepy green butterfly play under the voiceover that spends something like a minute telling me all of the horrible things that can happen to me (such as driving a car and eating without knowing it!) if I take this drug. All of the drug ads proclaim this litany of horrible things that can happen to me if I take their pills – everything from suicidal depression to death! I mean, the whole ads are given over to this list of egregious dangers I will risk so that I can…what…go to sleep? Geez, I think I'd rather hit myself on the head with a rock. At least I won't take off in my car or gorge myself on the contents of my refrigerator without knowing it after I've knocked myself unconscious.
Look, I know medical problems are serious, and I get it that laws must be requiring that drug companies disclose side effects in advertising, but hey…this is an embarrassment. If the best the drug companies can do is serve up the possibility of sudden death in order to fix our hang nail, maybe they need to get out of the TV business and stick to covering doctors' offices with their propaganda in the form of free calendars, pens and samples. Does anyone actually like these ads? They scare the heck out of me!
TV, Language and Manners
I'm sure things were headed this way when I last lived in a home that had TV, but we've really entered new territory in terms of the language and subject matter now common to televised content. News reporters saying people have 'screwed up' and referring to a murder victim as 'the dead guy'? An advertisement asking you what comes out of your nose when you blow it? Another one in which bears are worried about fuzz being left behind on their tails when they use toilet paper? Celebrity chefs and interior decorators unable to explain a home ec. project without using sexual language? Every possible bodily and biological function is now being canvassed on TV in what we now might call plain speaking but which would have been unthinkably vulgar general audience speech when I was a child. Frankly, my husband and I were both shocked and embarrassed by much of the content of TV and I can't help wondering how parents can even think of letting their children be exposed to materials like this.
The spoken word is in a sad state, too. Apparently, even Folgers coffee is now claiming to be the best part of wakin' up. Wakin' up! I squirm when corporations try to seem hip by putting on a 'casual' face. You've got billions – Folgers (and KFC and Mickey D and P&G). You can afford to act formal. I'll respect you and your enormous wads of money more if you speak English properly and stop trying to slum, or whatever it is you think you're doing.
Overall, my honest impression of the typical content and language being showcased on television reflects a society that seems both less intellectual and more ill-mannered than that of former times.
TV and Violence
I haven't watched any of this content, but thanks to that web-wannabe menu bar at the bottom of cable television, I see the names and descriptions of all of the shows being offered on TV and an absolutely overwhelming number of them are about murder, violence, crime, police and illegal activities. The ancient Romans in their coliseums would be right at home with footage of people beating and killing each other, but, frankly, I'm appalled. It is genuinely disturbing that public demand for graphic violence and extensive coverage of the criminal mind must be producing this glut of danger-based programming. Even the shows on the Animal Planet channel, which I was looking forward to checking out, all seemed to be about danger. Why?
I can't imagine how dark and frightening the content of my brain would be if I spent hours every day watching this type of material. The parts of the brain that are engaged when viewing violence are being kept at a fever pitch by this visual content and what could be more stressful and exhausting for the mind? I know this trend was already well established the last time I saw TV, but it's firmly in place now and suggests a society obsessed with violence.
TV and The Planet
I'll keep this short and simply say – the stuff being advertised on TV is the stuff of global warming. The products and lifestyles being glamorized and sold are the very things that have polluted our Earth and are turning our living planet into a toxic wasteland. From the dangerous detergents to the gas guzzling cars, advertising is like a display of the toolkit of our own destruction. Not healthy. Not smart. Really sad, actually.
TV and Time
When TV takes first place on the schedule of your leisure time, you are making a sacrifice you may not even recognize. By trading the passive engagement with entertainment for the active engagements of doing something, a giant chunk of life is given away to sitting still and watching the creations of people who have no relationship to you and whom you will likely never meet. The companies and corporations that create television programs and advertising are not part of your family or friendly circle. Should they take precedence in the ordering of how you spend your time on a daily basis?
I have learned for a fact that there is so much else to do in life besides watching TV. You can make your own entertainment – make music, create art, go places, see living things…not just substitute representations of them. You can connect with real people – family members, friends, neighbors. You can achieve new heights of education…study languages, history, cultures, sciences, religions, the arts. You can read…that active engagement of looking at words and creating your own pictures and symbols in your own mind, utilizing your brain in important ways. You can become more able in the skills of living – cooking, growing food, making clothing, building things, helping people.
In the past 7 years of life without television, we have seldom been bored. Our pantry is stocked with pickles we've made, our bed is warmed by quilts we have sewn, our shelves are groaning with hundreds and hundreds of wonderful books we have relished, our land is known to us inch by inch from our time spent outside, our minds are full of interesting things. Perhaps most importantly, our family turns inward for satisfaction in life, rather than turning to a machine – a TV screen.
When we shut off the cable this Friday, my emotion was one of relief. My mind literally spoke the phrase,"Now we can get back to normal." In looking back, I did enjoy a few things about TV programming. Public television is still turning out some informative and interesting shows, and some of the home-oriented programs about cooking and decorating actually held some entertainment value for me. I don't know that I learned anything from them, but it was sort of fun to see what people were doing, for just a little while. Getting to see the Olympics felt like a privilege, despite NBC's dreadful, tape-delayed coverage of them. But for our family, paying money and spending precious time watching the content modern television offers just isn't for us.
If I could put one little thought out there into the stream of human consciousness regarding television, it would be this: it's a choice, not a must. I remember growing up, when TV seemed like a must. I'm a lot happier knowing it's a choice.
4 comments Sunday 14 Mar 2010 | admin | Inside the Igloo
4 Responses to "Impressions Of TV After 7 Years Unplugged"
on 15 Mar 2010 at 7:36 pm Mike Ramsey
Loved the article. My wife and I have made the same decision to go with no cable. I was at my grandma's house the other day and saw a string of drug commercials and I was shocked, so you got me laughing out loud with your description here.
I do have to say that I love hitting the theater and we watch a movie at home when we can, but I have found a lot of interesting stuff to do other than watch tv such as…
1. "Honey do" list
2. Community Plays (3 hours a night, 3 months, 6 days a week)
3. Hyperlocal Blogging
4. Eating at a table
After all, with work…who has time for TV
on 17 Mar 2010 at 1:51 pm admin
Hey Mike!
That's really nice to know that you and your wife are 'unplugged' as well. We don't know too many people who are, and because of this, are forced to stare blankly when people ask us how we like such-and-such thing on television.
Really nice to see a little list of things you've done sans TV. Community plays – how fun! Your small town continues to sound like a pleasant place to live.
I'm glad to know you enjoyed this piece and could relate to it. Thanks for letting me know.
Easy, Grandma. You are way, way out of touch. Try watching TV with a DVR and 90% of your complaints go away.
Sitting in front of a PC is not a good alternative to watching television. The ability to use a mouse to click links does not make something interactive.
You honestly are this naive, and do SEO for a living? Good luck!
on 23 Apr 2010 at 1:34 pm admin
Hello, FXI,
Is it just me, or are you trying super hard to be rude here on my blog? I'd like to give you the benefit of the doubt, but my guess is that your use of terms like 'grandma, 'out of touch' and 'naive' weren't meant to be polite and instructive. While we certainly welcome all opinions here, we don't care much for your tone.
That being said, I think your point is that you like television and don't consider the Internet to be a decent replacement for it. What is it about TV that you like so much? My personal experience after spending 4 weeks watching it was that there just wasn't much content I'd care to spend my time watching. We hope it's okay with you that some people just don't like TV.
As for interactivity, I'd say that the fact that you used my blog to voice your opinion is an ironic illustration of the difference between the web and TV as a communication tool. Though the Internet is now migrating to TV, we're not there yet, and your television doesn't yet enable you to leave colorful comments about your favorite shows so that the actors and producers can read and respond to them, as I am doing here.
Finally, your implication that good SEOs need to watch television is an interesting one. We aren't an SEO company, actually, if you take a moment to look at the services we provide. We do SEO-based website design; we don't sell SEO as a stand-alone service. While I can extrapolate a concept that someone in marketing should keep up with marketing via TV viewing, I'm not sure if this is the point you are making.
As for Grandma, while I'm rather too young to be one, I love Grandma..or at least, Great-Grandma. She knew how to do a million things beyond sitting in front of any box, be it a PC or a TV. She knew how to make her own entertainment, cook from scratch, sew her own clothes, cope in society, take care of people and live a full life. Fewer and fewer modern people seem to know how to manage this and I think they are the poorer for it, no matter how exciting they may find either computers or televisions. Don't knock elders. They are wonderful.
It may be that you had some important points to share here, but your manner of delivery is off-putting, FXI, making it difficult to take whatever points you meant to make seriously. Would you like to try again, with a more reasoned and explained argument and somewhat better manners?


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The Islamic Republic regime in Iran is vividly revealing itself as an enemy of the entire world.
"Supreme Guide" Ali Khamenei's police and the Basij militia are using violence and terror to suppress the Iranian people at home. His terrorist proxies fire missiles at Israel while torturing, maiming, and murdering Palestinians. He sponsored a violent coup d'etat against the elected government in Beirut last year with his Hezbollah militia. He sponsors a terrorist insurgency against the elected government of Iraq, while his fanatical proxies shoot and kill American soldiers. A car bomb cell belonging to the regime's Lebanese franchise was recently arrested in Azerbaijan, and more cells were rolled up in Egypt. Terrorists sponsored and encouraged by him and his predecessor, Ruhollah Khomeini, have murdered civilians from Argentina to Japan.
The regime's only allies in the world are terrorist armies and Bashar Assad's Baath Party state in Syria. Assad himself, like Khamenei and Ahmadinejad, is a pariah among the Arabs, Persians, Turks, Kurds, Azeris, and Israelis who make up the region.
Iranian civilians risk violent beatings and worse by the thousands for standing up to the regime in the streets and treating it as the enemy it clearly is. There is no better time for the rest of us to do so, as well, especially since such gestures carry far less risk for us. The Pasdaran have no divisions in Washington, Paris, or London.
Obama Administration officials still hope they can talk Khamenei out of developing nuclear weapons and supporting Hamas and Hezbollah. This is delusion on stilts. Khamenei can't even compromise with his own regime or his hand-picked presidential candidates. He placed them under house arrest, along with a Grand Ayatollah, and deployed thousands of violent enforcers into the streets. Not only does he confront the world, he is at war with his very own country.
Understand the mind of a totalitarian. "Probe with a bayonet," Vladimir Lenin famously said. "If you meet steel, stop. If you meet mush, then push."
The Khomeinists in Iran likewise only stop when they meet steel. In his book "The Persian Night: Iran under the Khomeinist Revolution", Amir Taheri describes how since 1979 the regime has always continued to push until, as he put it, it hits something hard. It's hitting something hard right now within its borders. This is no time for mush from everyone else. The regime today is weaker than it has ever been. If the insurrection continues, a fast hard shove might well push it over. If the regime survives, it may well feel invincible.
Military action against Iran should be the very last option and used only if everything short of it fails. Dialogue, though, is only the first option, one that has been failing for three decades. And there is a vast range of options between war and discussion.
If President Barack Obama simply must get this out of his system, at least his patience may be partly sapped by the brutal suppression of hope and change in Iran. He will learn soon enough, if he hasn't already, that Khamenei, if he survives after defeating Iranians who bravely stood up and said "death to dictatorship" to his face, will be in no mood to compromise with diplomats who are afraid to speak up from thousands of miles away.


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Gear Review
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This Lightning is the perfect Balance between performance, weight and durability, and you will be amazed how long this rope lasts. I was. These ropes are lighter than the competitors for their diameter while being more durable and softer catching. Maybe it's because they have the best quality control in the industry and make all their ropes right here in America!
View More Details on Blue Water Lightning Pro DD 9.7mm Climbing Rope


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Facebook's recent filing has many commentators likening the social networking site, started in a Harvard dorm, to the search giant Google, founded by two Stanford PhDs less than a decade earlier. But for all their similarities - visionary student founders, explosive marketshare, tremendous valuations - there is at least one difference that their respective alma matters are likely to take note of as the Facebook IPO grows near. While Stanford netted a $336 Million dollar pay-day from Google's 2004 IPO, Facebook's looming IPO will leave the trustees of Harvard with little more than a cameo in last year's Oscar-nominated film.
As an outgrowth of Stanford's Digital Library Project, where founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page were researchers, Google's underlying "PageRank" algorithm was property of the university. When Brin and Page left Stanford to spin-off off what would become Google, they had to license the technology from the university in a deal for 1.8 million shares of their new company, which today would be worth $1.1 Billion.
While Stanford's gain from Google is unusual, technology-transfer agreements have long been the primary means by which universities support and profit from startups. However, as Facebook illustrates, more student-founded companies are bootstrapping without university technology, leaving schools without any profit -- though that may be changing.
"The university has always been a supplier of both technology and talent," says Frank Rimalovski Managing Director of the NYU Innovation Venture Fund "and its our job to foster and support that." Rimalovski's fund, which was created by the university in 2010, makes seed and series A investments in startups with ties to NYU. To date the $20 Million fund has made three investments two of which (Fondu and numberFire) were started by current students with no ties to university technology. "There's definitely been a groundswell of entrepreneurial interest from students," says Rimalovski "and if there's another Zuckerberg walking around our hallways, we want to be as supportive as we would of a faculty member working on a new cancer therapy."


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- 2
- people in the U.S. have this name View Allyson Kamp on Whitepages
Meaning & Origins
Respelling of Alison.
|1,098th in the U.S.
Dutch and German: from Low German kamp 'enclosed, fenced, or hedged piece of land', 'field' (from Latin campus 'plain'), hence a topographic name for someone who lived by a field.
|8,143rd in the U.S.
Nicknames & variations
Alexander, Allison, Allysen, Alison, Alexandra, Alejandro, Allysun, Allycin, Allyison, Allysan
Kemp, Kamps, Kampf, Kampa, Kamper, Kump, Kampe, Kampen, Kamphaus, Kempe


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Hydrogen cleave silicon process for light modulating mirror structure using single crystal silicon as the base cross-member. Existing processes use two critical alignment steps that can contribute to higher actuation voltages and result in lower manufacturing yields. The hydrogen cleave process simplifies the manufacturing process to one step: transferring a thin film of single crystal silicon to the CMOS substrate, resulting in minimal alignment error and providing large bonding area.
1. A method of fabricating a micro mirror, comprising:
forming a first substrate defining a cavity on a first side of the first substrate;
implanting hydrogen ions to a predetermined depth on a first side of a second substrate;
bonding the first side of the first substrate to the first side of the second substrate; and
cleaving off a portion of a second side of the second substrate.
2. The method of
fabricating an electrode and a cross-member on the second substrate.
3. The method of
forming a mirror on the second substrate.
4. The method of
depositing a sacrificial layer onto the second substrate and patterning a via down to the first metal layer;
depositing a second metal layer on the second substrate and in the via;
etching a mirror on the second metal layer; and
removing the sacrificial layer so the mirror plate can rotate about an axis defined by the cross-member.
5. The method of
prior to depositing a second metal layer on the second substrate and in the via, depositing an adhesive layer in the via.
6. The method of
filling a gap on and around the cross-member with the sacrificial layer; and
depositing the sacrificial layer on the upper surface of the metallization layer.
7. The method of
8. The method of
9. A micro mirror fabricated by the method of
10. A micro mirror fabricated by the method of
11. The method of
depositing a first metal layer on the second substrate;
patterning the first metal layer in a pattern that will define the electrodes;
etching the first metal layer and second substrate above the cavity of the first substrate to release the cross-member; and
etching the first metal layer and second substrate to leave behind the material that makes up the electrodes and the cross-member.
12. A micro mirror fabricated by the method of
13. The method of
14. The method of
15. The method of
prior to bonding the second substrate on the first side of the first substrate,
fabricating addressing and control circuitry on the first substrate.
16. The method of
17. The method of
putting a mask onto the first substrate, the mask having a first portion defining a location of the cavity, the first portion exposing the first substrate underneath the first portion to be etched, and a second portion defining locations outside of the cavity, the second portion capable of preventing the first substrate underneath the second portion from being etched;
etching the first substrate beneath the first portion of the mask to a predetermined depth; and
removing the mask from the substrate.
18. The method of
19. The method of
20. The method of
21. The method of
22. A micro mirror fabricated by the method of
23. A micro mirror, comprising:
a first layer with a first side and a second side, the first layer having a cavity on the first side;
a second layer with a first side and a second side, the first side of the second layer bonded to the first side of the first layer, wherein the second layer is a single piece of single crystal silicon and the second layer further comprises:
a base fabricated from a portion of the second layer;
a cross-member fabricated from a portion of the second layer substantially aligned with the cavity, the cross-member continuous with and supported by the base, the cross-member suspended over the cavity;
a connector pedestal fabricated on the cross-member, the pedestal substantially in the center of the micro mirror; and
a mirror plate connected to the connector pedestal such that the mirror plate may rotate about an axis defined by the cross-member.
24. The micro mirror of
25. The micro mirror of
26. The micro mirror of
27. The micro mirror of
28. The micro mirror of
29. The micro mirror of
30. The micro mirror of
31. The micro mirror of
32. The micro mirror of
33. The micro mirror of
34. The micro mirror of
35. The micro mirror of
36. The micro mirror of
37. The micro mirror of
This invention relates to spatial light modulators (SLMs), and more particularly to a micro mirror structure with hidden cross-members to maximize pixel fill ratio, minimize scattering and diffraction, and achieve a high contrast ratio and high image quality.
Spatial light modulators (SLMs) have numerous applications in the areas of optical information processing, projection displays, video and graphics monitors, televisions, and electrophotographic printing. Reflective SLMs are devices that modulate incident light in a spatial pattern to reflect an image corresponding to an electrical or optical input. The incident light may be modulated in phase, intensity, polarization, or deflection direction. A reflective SLM is typically comprised of an area or two-dimensional array of addressable picture elements (pixels) capable of reflecting incident light. A key parameter of SLMs, especially in display applications, is the ratio of the optically active area to the pixel area, also called the "fill ratio." A high fill ratio is desirable.
Prior art SLMs have various drawbacks. These drawbacks include, but are not limited to: (1) a lower than optimal optically active area that reduces optical efficiency; (2) diffraction and scattering that lowers the contrast ratio of the display; (3) reliance upon materials that have long-term reliability problems; and (4) complex manufacturing processes that increase the expense of the device and lower the yield of devices from a wafer.
Many prior art devices include substantial non-reflective areas on their surfaces. This provides low fill ratios, and provides lower than optimum reflective efficiency. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,229,732 discloses MOSFET devices that are formed on the surface of a device in addition to mirrors. These MOSFET devices take up surface area, reducing the fraction of the device area that is optically active and reducing reflective efficiency. The MOSFET devices on the surface of the device also diffract incident light, which lowers the contrast ratio of the display. Further, intense light striking exposed MOSFET devices interfere with the proper operation of the devices, both by charging the MOSFET devices and overheating the circuitry.
Similarly, many devices include walls or frames that surround each micro mirror and separate adjacent mirrors, as shown in
Some SLM designs have rough surfaces that scatter incident light and reduce reflective efficiency. For example, in some SLM designs the reflective surface is an aluminum film deposited on an low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) silicon nitride layer. It is difficult to control the smoothness of these reflective mirror surfaces as they are deposited with thin films. Thus, the final product has rough surfaces, which reduce the reflective efficiency.
Another problem that reduces reflective efficiency with some SLM designs, particularly in some top hanging mirror designs, is large exposed cross-member surface areas. These exposed cross-member surface areas result in scattering and diffraction due to the cross-member structure, which negatively impacts contrast ratio, among other parameters.
Many conventional SLMs, such as the SLM disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,566,935, have cross-members made of aluminum alloy. Aluminum, as well as other metals, is susceptible to fatigue and plastic deformation, which can lead to long-term reliability problems. Also, aluminum is susceptible to cell "memory," which means that the rest position begins to tilt towards its most frequently occupied position.
Other conventional SLMs require multiple layers and processing steps. Manufacturing such a multi-layer SLM requires use of repetitive multi-layer thin film stacking, etching, and other processes that increase the expense and complexity of manufacturing the device. Often, the use of these techniques also produces lower yields. For example, use of these techniques often involves extensive depositions multiple layers, depositions and removals of sacrificial materials, epitaxial growth steps, and multiple etching and stripping steps. In addition, some flip-and-bond processes require meticulous alignment of the various layers.
Conventionally, some SLMs also require the use of silicon on insulator (SOI) wafers. In addition to driving up the cost of SLM manufacturing, the use of SOI wafers requires that they be thinned using chemical mechanical planarization (CMP), which may cause the wafer to break or delaminate, and often causes the highest yield loss of all SLM processing steps.
What is desired is an SLM with improved reflective efficiency, SLM device long-term reliability, and simplified manufacturing processes.
The present invention is a spatial light modulator (SLM). In one embodiment, the SLM has addressing and control circuitry for the micro mirror array on a first substrate/layer. In addition, individually addressable electrodes are etched on a second substrate/layer and a selectively deflectable reflective micro mirror array fabricated on the second substrate. Alternatively, portions of the addressing and control circuitry are on a separate substrate and connected to the circuitry and electrodes on the first substrate.
The micro mirror array includes a controllably deflectable mirror plate with a highly reflective surface to reflect incident light. The mirror plate is connected to a cross-member by a connector, both of which are substantially concealed under the reflective surface. The cross-member connects to the corners of a base that is also part of the second substrate, as there is no spacer support frame or walls between the mirrors. In an example described herein, the absence of walls surrounding the mirrors allow for larger mirror size and a higher fill ratio than designs including walls. In addition, because there are no walls, the mirror plates require less space between them, maximizing the fill ratio and contrast ratio for the array.
Electrodes located on the second substrate control individual mirrors in the micro mirror array. The cross-member is fabricated from the second substrate, upon which the mirror plate and the connector are built. In one embodiment, the second substrate is a wafer of a single material, such as crystal silicon.
Further, because the cross-member is fabricated from a single crystal silicon material in one embodiment, the resulting cross-member is stronger and more reliable and suffers from virtually no memory effect, fractures along grain boundaries or fatigue. A single crystal silicon substrate has significantly fewer micro defects and cracks than other materials, especially deposited thin films. As a result, it is less likely to fracture (or to propagate micro fractures) along grain boundaries in a device.
The process used to manufacture the mirror minimizes the use of multi-layer thin film stacking and etching processes and techniques. Thus in one embodiment, sacrificial material deposition and removal is confined to the area surrounding the cross-member.
The SLM is fabricated with few steps, which keeps the fabrication cost and complexity low. Cavities are formed in a first side of the first substrate. In parallel, hydrogen ions are implanted on a first side of the second substrate. The first side of the first substrate is bonded to the first side of the second substrate. Then, a portion of the second substrate is cleaved off using hydrogen-induced silicon layer cleavage. Through this process, only minimal alignment (˜0.5 mm) of the wafers is needed, and no thinning of the silicon wafer is required. Then a cross-member and electrodes are etched in the second substrate, a sacrificial material is deposited in the area around the cross-member, a reflective surface is deposited to create a mirror plate, the mirror plate is released by etching, to remove the sacrificial layer around the cross-member.
The net result is an easily manufacturable SLM that can achieve high optical efficiency and performance to produce high quality images reliably and cost-effectively.
Spatial Light Modulator Overview
Referring now to
In one embodiment, the mirror array 105 is fabricated from a first substrate/layer 120 that, upon completion of fabrication, is a single material, such as single crystal silicon in the SLM 100. The mirror array 105 has a plurality of deflectable micro mirrors 130.
The electrode array 110 has a plurality of electrodes 135 for controlling the micro mirrors 130. Each electrode 135 is associated with a micro mirror 130 and controls the deflection of that micro mirror 130. Addressing circuitry allows selection of a single electrode 135 for control of the particular micro mirror 130 associated with that electrode 135.
The control circuitry 115 has addressing circuitry, which allows the control circuitry 115 to control a voltage applied to selected electrodes 135. This control allows the control circuitry 115 to create deflections of the mirrors 130 in the mirror array 105 via the electrodes 135. Typically, the control circuitry 115 also includes display control logic 140, line memory buffers 145, a pulse width modulation array 150, and inputs for video signals 170 and graphics signals 175. A micro mirror controller 155, optics control circuitry 160, and a flash memory 165 may be external components connected to the control circuitry 115, or may be included in the control circuitry 115 in some embodiments. In various embodiments, some of the above listed parts of the control circuitry 115 may be absent, may be on a separate substrate/layer and connected to the control circuitry 115, or other additional components may be present as part of the control circuitry 115 or connected to the control circuitry 115.
After the layers 105, 110, and 115 are fabricated, they are bonded together to form the SLM 100. The first layer with the mirror array 105 covers the second 110 and third layers 115. However, in some embodiments the layers 105, 110, and 115 may be manufactured together. Therefore, the term "layer" is meant to be an aid for conceptualizing different parts of the spatial light modulator 100. The present invention uses fabrication techniques that allow the creation of small feature sizes, such as processes that allow fabrication of features of 0.18 microns, and processes that allow the fabrication of features of 0.13 microns or smaller. In other embodiments, various combinations of the electrodes 135 and components of the control circuitry 115 may be fabricated on different substrates and electrically connected.
The Mirror
Referring now to
The gap 240 between adjacent mirror plates 205 is only limited by the limitations of the fabrication technology and process and the cantilever effect of the mirrors, typically less than 0.5 micron. The close spacing of the mirror plates 205 and the hiding of the cross-member 215 allow for a high fill ratio for the micro mirror array 130, improved contrast ratio, and minimized scattering and diffraction of light.
As illustrated in
In operation, either side 205 a or 205 b of the mirror plate 205 is attracted to one of the electrodes 135 a or 135 b beneath it and pivots downward to provide a wide range of angular motion. The cross-member 215 allows the mirror plate 205 to rotate about the axis of the cross-member 215 (diagonal across a plan view of the mirror plate 205) when a force such as an electrostatic force is applied to the mirror plate 205 by applying a voltage between the mirror 130 and the corresponding electrode 135. This rotation produces the angular deflection for reflecting light in a selected direction.
In one embodiment, the cross-member 215 is fabricated from single crystal silicon, a material that is stronger, more reliable, and suffers from virtually no memory effect, fractures along grain boundaries, or fatigue, all of which are common with cross-members made of from many other materials used in micro mirror arrays. In other embodiments, other materials may be used instead of single crystal silicon. One possibility is the use of another type of silicon (e.g. polysilicon, or amorphous silicon) for the cross-member 215, or even making the cross-member 215 completely out of a metal (e.g. an aluminum alloy, or tungsten alloy).
The connector 210 positions the mirror plate 205 at a predetermined distance 235 above the electrodes 135 and addressing circuitry so that the mirror plate 205 may deflect downward to a predetermined angle. The height 235 of the connector 210 is chosen based on the desired separation between the mirror plate 205 and the electrodes 135, and the topographic design of the electrodes 135. A larger height 235 allows more deflection of the mirror plate 205, and a higher maximum deflection angle. Generally, a larger deflection angle provides a higher contrast ratio. In one embodiment, the deflection angle of the mirror plate 205 is 12 degrees. In another embodiment, the mirror plate 205 can rotate as much as 90 degrees if provided sufficient spacing and drive voltage.
Because there are no spacer support walls between adjacent mirror plates 205, the mirror plates 205 are placed closely together to increase the fill ratio of the mirror array 130. The gap 240 between mirror plates 205 can be made as small as the feature size supported by the fabrication technique, angle of deflection, and size of mirror. Thus, in one embodiment, the gaps 240 are 0.5 micron. Without walls, the size of the gaps 240 can further decrease only with decreased mirror size. Embodiments of the present invention allow high fill ratios. In one embodiment, the fill ratio is 89% or higher.
In some embodiments, the micro mirror 130 includes motion stops (not shown) that stop the deflection of the mirror plate 205 as known in the art. When present, the motion stops prevent the mirror plate 205 from deflecting further than the angle provide by the stops. There are several possible configurations for the motion stops. The present invention is not limited to the elements or techniques for stopping the deflection of the mirror plate 205 described herein. Any elements and techniques known in the art may be used.
Workflow Process
Referring now to
Referring again to
Referring again to
This process has numerous advantages over the use of an SOI wafer. First, the cost of an SOI wafer is much higher than a single crystal silicon wafer 310. In addition, SOI wafers create additional steps in the manufacturing process, as they must be thinned or ground down using, for example using chemical mechanical polish (CMP) and then wet or dry etched. The thinning of the SOI wafer may cause the wafer to break or delaminate, and often is the source of the highest yield loss of all SLM processing steps. In contrast, hydrogen-induced silicon layer cleavage requires no grinding or thinning of the single crystal silicon wafer 310 and thus reduces the chance of breakage.
Referring again to
Referring again to
Referring again to
Referring again to
Then, the photoresist layer 445 a is patterned 355 to define a via down to the cross-member 215.
Referring again to
In one embodiment the reflective layer 460 is deposited 360 to a thickness of 2–6K Å, and polished back to the desired finish and thickness to form the mirror plate 205. In one embodiment, the desired thickness of the mirror plate 205 is 0.4 microns. Then, the mirrors are patterned and etched 365 using standard metal etch chemistry. In one embodiment, the reflective layer 460 is made of 100% aluminum, which eliminates any thermal problems associated with metal to silicon contact in a multilayer mirror.
After the etch 365 of the reflective surface, the mirror plate 460 is released, however, the cross-member 215 is still held in place by the sacrificial material 445 a and cannot rotate around the cross-member 215. Referring again to
Referring again to
Mirror Operation
Referring again to
In one embodiment, when the voltage is removed from the electrode 135, the cross-member 215 causes the mirror plate 204 to spring back to its unbiased position. In another embodiment, a voltage may be applied to the electrode 135 on the other side (205 b) of the mirror plate 205 to deflect the mirror in the opposite direction. Thus, light striking the mirror 205 is reflected in a direction that can be controlled by the application of voltage to the electrode 135.
The micro mirror 205 is an electromechanically bistable device. Given a specific voltage between the releasing voltage and the snapping voltage, there are two possible deflection angles at which the mirror plate 205 may be, depending on the history of mirror 205 deflection. Therefore, the mirror 205 deflection acts as a latch. These bistability and latching properties exist since the mechanical force required for deflection of the mirror 205 is roughly linear with respect to deflection angle, whereas the opposing electrostatic force is inversely proportional to the distance between the mirror plate 205 and the electrode 135.
Since the electrostatic force between the mirror plate 205 and the electrode 135 depends on the total voltage difference between the mirror plate 205 and the electrode 135, a negative voltage applied to a mirror plate 205 reduces the positive voltage needed to be applied to the electrode 135 to achieve a given deflection amount. Thus, applying a voltage to a mirror array 105 can reduce the voltage magnitude requirement of the electrodes 135.
Since the maximum deflection of the mirror 205 is fixed, the SLM 100 can be operated in a digital manner if it is operated at voltages past the snapping voltage. The operation is essentially digital because the mirror plate 205 is either fully deflected downward by application of a voltage to the associated electrode 135 on one side of the mirror plate 205 a or 205 b or deflected downward to the other side of the mirror plate 205 b or 205 a when energizing the other electrode 135 on the other side of the mirror plate 205.
In video display applications, when the mirror plate 205 is fully deflected downward, the incident light on that mirror plate 205 is reflected to a corresponding pixel on a video display screen, and the pixel appears bright. When the mirror plate 205 is allowed to spring upward, the light is reflected in such a direction so that it does not strike the video display screen, and the pixel appears dark.
During such digital operation, it is not necessary to keep the full snapping voltage on an electrode 135 after an associated mirror plate 205 has been fully deflected. During an "addressing stage," voltages for selected electrodes 135 that correspond to the mirror plates 205 which should be fully deflected are set to levels required to deflect the mirror plates 205. After the mirror plates 205 in question have deflected due to the voltages oh electrodes 135, the voltage required to hold the mirror plates 205 in the deflected position is less than that required for the actual deflection. This is because the gap between the deflected mirror plate 205 and the addressing electrode 135 is smaller than when the mirror plate 205 is in the process of being deflected. Therefore, in the "hold stage" after the addressing stage the voltage applied to the selected electrodes 135 can be reduced from its original required level without substantially affecting the state of deflection of the mirror plates 205. One advantage of having a lower hold stage voltage is that nearby undeflected mirror plates 205 are subject to a smaller electrostatic attractive force, and they therefore remain closer to a zero-deflected position. This improves the optical contrast ratio between the deflected mirror plates 205 and the undeflected mirror plates 205.
In one embodiment, the voltages are as follows. The total voltage is about ˜35V, snap voltage is that on the electrode ˜15V, and bias of about ˜20V. The snap voltage is either on or off but never reduced. During refresh of the image, the bias is turned off so that mirrors 205 that need to change position can move. The snap voltage of 15V is turned off allowing the mirror 205 to move to flat and be pulled to the opposite position. If the bias is not turned off, the mirror 205 would be stuck even with the 15V off because less voltage is required once the mirror 205 is down.
With the appropriate choice of dimensions (in one embodiment, separation between adjacent mirror plates 205 of 1 to 5 microns depending on mirror structure and deflection angle requirements, and cross-member 215 thickness of [0.05 to 0.45] microns) and materials (such as single crystal silicon <100>), a reflective SLM 100 can be made to have an operating voltage of only a few volts. The shear modulus of the torsion cross-member 215 made of single crystal silicon may be, for example, 5�1010 Newton per meter-squared per radium. The voltage at which the electrode 135 operates to fully deflect the associated mirror plate 205 can be made even lower by maintaining the mirror plate 205 at an appropriate voltage (a "negative bias"), rather than ground. This results in a larger deflection angle for a given voltage applied to an electrode 135. The maximum negative bias voltage is the releasing voltage, so when the addressing voltage reduced to zero the mirror plate 205 can snap back to the undeflected position.
In one embodiment, the total voltage required for pull down is 35V. In this example, a bias of −20V needs to get to the mirrors. Then, an on/off actuation voltage of about 15V is applied to the electrodes below the mirrors. Therefore, the resulting delta is 35V at on or off.
It is also possible to control the mirror plate 205 deflections in a more "analog" manner. In this example, voltages less than the "snapping voltage" are applied to deflect the mirror plate 205 and control the direction in which the incident light is reflected.
Aside from video displays, the spatial light modulator 100 is also useful in other applications. One such application is in maskless photolithography, where the spatial light modulator 100 directs light to develop deposited photoresist. This removes the need for a mask to correctly develop the photoresist in the desired pattern.
Although the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to multiple embodiments, it will be understood by persons skilled in the relevant art that various changes in form and details can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, the mirror plates 205 may be deflected through methods other than electrostatic attraction as well. The mirror plates 205 may be deflected using magnetic, thermal, or piezo-electric actuation instead.
Finally, it should be noted that the language used in the specification has been principally selected for readability and instructional purposes, and may not have been selected to delineate or circumscribe the inventive subject matter. Accordingly, the disclosure of the present invention is intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the scope of the invention, which is set forth in the following claims.
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text:
Hurdlers shine for Midland
CHARLESTON -- Cabell Midland's Nate Moore lived up to the billing in the West Virginia State Track and Field Meet.
The senior entered the 99th meet for boys (39th for girls) ranked No. 1 in the 110 hurdles. He made it through the trials on Friday, then sped down the Laidley Field track in the finals in 14.65 to win and show the ranking he had prior to track's big show was dead on.
Moore, along with fellow senior Niles Dailey, had more incentive. They didn't want to let Knights hurdles coach Jerry Smalley down again. A year ago, the two failed to make the finals in their specialty.
"Coach Smalley kept talking about it all year. You get better, you get better," Moore said after his 110 victory. "We didn't want to mess up again."
After Moore crossed the finish line, he looked back and saw Dailey go down just past the finish line. Dailey, who placed fifth, had a pulled quad muscle in the left leg. Moore helped his teammate to the infield where he got some medical attention.
"I'm excited, but Niles going down takes a little out of it," Moore said. "I got out good, pulled ahead and thought 'don't hit any hurdles now.'"
In the 300 hurdles, Moore was fourth and Dailey fifth. The two, along with freshman Daniel Jarrell and junior Jacob Morgan, started the hurdles bonanza Friday evening with a victory in the shuttle hurdle relays. They ran a personal-best 56.84.
Smalley was all smiles at the meet. Quite a contrast to mid-March when the shuttle team got off to a humble start. Jarrell didn't secure his spot until nearly a month into the season.
"I'm thinking let's hope we get under 60 seconds," Smalley said. "Nate and Niles are good leaders. They help with technique and keep runners steady. At the Gazettes (Gazette/Friends of Coal Relays on April 26-27 at Laidley) I felt we were OK. We still fiddled around some. We had three. That fourth spot was tough.
"This is so much better than last year. We had a meltdown."
"It's a great feeling to be state champs," Morgan said.
Moore and Dailey made great strides in four years. They knew little about hurdles when they began their freshman season.
"High school's so different," Moore said. "It was unsettling at first. Last year we didn't perform. We were like deer in the headlights. It was all clear to us this time."
Moore, Dailey and the shuttle hurdle team accounted for 28 of Cabell Midland's 78 points. The Knights finished runner-up to
"We were counting on them and they did the job," Knights coach Chris Parsons said. "We had a great state meet. Jefferson just had too much for us."
"Last year zero," said Moore, who'll run track and play football at West Virginia Wesleyan. "We wanted to contribute this year. We didn't want to leave it all on the distance guys."
Jarrell admitted he had to make some adjustments.
"I wasn't used to this," he said of clearing high school hurdles. "I didn't want to force anything. I had to get used to the atmosphere."
"Daniel really stepped up," Smalley said.
Dailey also played basketball for the Knights, who had a tough season. Then came track.
"This was so much fun," Dailey said.
With Moore and Dailey departing, Smalley knows what he must do before the 2014 season.
"Got to develop more hurdlers," he said.


text:
- October 7, 1932 - May 2, 2012
- Arlington, Texas
of Ruben's Passing
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Ruben was born on October 7, 1932 and passed away on Wednesday, May 2, 2012.
Ruben was a resident of Arlington, Texas at the time of his passing.
He is survived by his wife Adele.
Memorial Service: 10:30 a.m. Monday at South Oaks Baptist Church, 5925 Highway 287, Arlington. Inurnment will be in Dallas Fort Worth National Cemetery at a future date.
Memorials: In lieu of flowers, the family suggests your contribution in his name to Campers on Mission of Texas Campers On Mission Of Texas, 5902 Pace Bend Rd. N, Box 2, Spicewood, TX 78669 would honor his memory.