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maximum amount of exposure information and to develop effective and relevant applications of such information. One important objective should be to describe, reconstruct, and forecast real-world exposures more accurately and more efficiently. To be effective, exposure science needs to adopt a systems-based approach that, to the extent possible, considers exposures from source to dose and from dose to source and considers multiple levels of integration, including time, space, and biologic scales in connection with multiple stressors in human and ecosystem populations.
In the near term, exposure science needs to develop strategies to expand exposure information rapidly to improve understanding of where, when, and how exposures occur and their health significance. Data generated and collected would be used to evaluate and improve models of exposure for use in generating hypotheses and developing policies. New exposure infrastructure (for example, sensor networks, environmental monitoring, activity tracking, and data storage and distribution systems) will help to refine or replace existing measurement and monitoring strategies. This process will help to identify the largest knowledge gaps and reveal where gathering of more exposure information would contribute the most to reducing uncertainty.
In the field of environmental health, substantial investment and progress have been made in recent years to collect and improve access to genomic, toxicology, and health data (for example, Davis et al. 2011; CTD 2012) and to provide information on chemical toxicity and inform and guide research. However, those data have historically lacked the extensive and reliable exposure information required for examining environmental contributions to diseases and assessing health risks. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ExpoCast program, initiated to address that research gap, is intended to advance the characterization of exposures to support toxicity testing (Cohen Hubal et al. 2010a) and in the long term to link exposures to health outcomes. There is still a growing demand to collect more exposure data to populate emerging exposure databases (for example, Gangwal 2011) and to facilitate linkages with toxicity and environmental-fate data and with manufacturers' production and use data.
An Exposure Infostructure
Exposure data are often scattered among such widely dispersed sources that it is difficult to relate them (Egeghy et al. 2012). Several initiatives in the United States and abroad aim at developing tools to integrate those data sources
1"Data landscape" is a term used in informatic and computational analyses. The term implies stepping back and looking at the data available, identifying data rich and data poor areas, and seeing what the data "landscape" looks like.


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Sociology 482/582: Sociology & the Global Politics of Food
Professor: Dr. Tracy E. Ore
|Welcome to the homepage for Sociology 482/582. In this course we will examine the various sociological and political dimensions of food. Atkins and Bowler note, "the study of food is rather like a 'barium meal' for X-raying social, political, economic and cultural issues, a kind of marker dye for broad structures and processes. In this sense food is the bearer of significance, as well as a material object of consumption." (Food in Society. 2001:vii) In sum, food will serve as a mechanism through which we will examine larger structural issues in society.
|As we examine the questions "Where does our food come from, and how does it get to our tables?" we become aware of how little knowledge we have of the processes involved in producing and distributing our food. As Barndt notes, when we examine these questions, "we open a Pandora's box…whose hands have planted, cultivated, picked, packed, processed, transported, inspected, sold, and cooked it?" (Tangled Routes. 2002:2) How do these processes relate to structures of power and inequality? How is our disconnect from food and processes of production, consumption, and distribution impacted by as well as reflected in our disconnect from the communities within which we live? We will explore these and many other questions this semester.
|Class Materials
|Class Photos
|Sociology 482/582 Syllabus (pdf format)
|Photos of field trip to the St. Paul Farmer's Market
|Class Assignments
|Class photo of the Gold'n Plump Factory Tour
|Putting the SCSU Community Garden to bed
|Additional Class Readings
|Photos of "Slow Food" field trip to Minneapolis & St. Paul
|Final Class Potluck
Politics of Food "Facts & Actions" Sheets: Fact sheets on many of the things that we consume
From beef and eggs, to coffee and soda
From rice and pork, to nutraceuticals and aspartame
From bread and camel, to water and wine
Acorns (yes, acorns!) and avocados to wheat and yerba mate
Hot dogs and fast food to beer and vodka
Coffee and eggs to water and breast milk
Why Food Matters
Click here to view the top 20 reasons why food matters,
Food Security & St. Cloud, Minnesota
Sodexho: A Miscellaneous Account
A 2006 graduate student project exploring our campus food service
Food Information
American Community Gardening Association
Food Commentary
An Alternative Look at the Food Pyramid
The Environmental Justice Foundation: Why Prawns will Make You Sick
|Purchasing books for this class? Go to Alibris, an excellent source for new and used books.
|Site last updated: December 4, 2012
|Back to Home Page

subset: commoncrawl


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|« Back to Article
Olmos Park officer involved in off-duty shooting
By J. Almendarez, Staff Writer : November 30, 2013 : Updated: November 30, 2013 8:02pm
SAN ANTONIO — An off-duty Olmos Park police officer shot a man in the hand and upper chest this morning.
Police responded to a call at 3:43 a.m., when the unnamed officer said he asked Jesus Guitron, 33, and his guest to leave a residential get-together near the 1900 block of Interstate 35 North.
After refusing, a fight ensued - allegedly started by Guitron.
The officer said he shot him in self-defense, and the Guitron fled on foot. It's unknown at this time whether he was armed.
Police said the Guitron collapsed near N. Palmetto Avenue and was initially in critical condition. He's now stable and expected to survive, according to a statement released by SAPD spokesman Officer Roger Zuniga.
The unnamed officer had minor injuries, "consistent to being struck in the face," Zuniga said.
Zuniga stated via email that the officer is in custody and, as of about 11:50 a.m., is being charged with aggravated assault with a deadly weapon.
He said the incident is still under investigation and no other information is available at this time.
The San Antonio Police Department is handling the investigation.
Twitter: jalmendarez57
Twitter: jalmendarez57


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Gear Review
great for the price
I found these warmer than expected, and they have been durable so far. My wife has the same ones, and she likes them as well. The putting them on before the shoes thing is easy to remember after the first couple of times, and I think it actually allows them to use a simpler and superior design. Why pay more?
View More Details on Louis Garneau Wind Dry SL Shoe Covers


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For questions about the scientific basis of the imagery and sensations that are experienced primarily during rapid eye movement sleep and occasionally during other stages as well.
For further information see Dreams, REM sleep, Stages of sleep(particularly stage 2, NREM).
For some perspectives, see the more scientific Activation-synthesis hypothesis and the archaic The Interpretation of Dreams.


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Advanced Search
Adobe Digital Kids Clubwww.adobe.com/education/digkids
The online Adobe Digital Kids Club delivers a great opportunity for teachers to connect with students through the fun and excitement of digital photography. The Web site provides free expert advice from top photographers, product training, lessons and other resources — all helping teachers to integrate digital photography and digital imaging into daily classroom activities.
The Christian Science Monitorwww.csmonitor.com
GIVE STUDENTS A NEW PERSPECTIVEThe Monitor addresses (only) the issues that matter, and poses the overarching questions you want students to think about. Avoiding wire services, relying on its own reporters, the Monitor presents the world's many views without bias. Stretch your students and open their minds. Visit "School Programs" at www.csmonitor.com.
K to the 8th Power Inc.www.kto8.com/the
The K to the 8th Power online curriculum combines Core Academics, Applied Technology, and Language Acquisition. Through vocabulary, language arts and math lessons, students increase proficiency in nationally tested subjects while mastering common computer applications. ESL/ELL students build English skills through computer exercises that reinforce listening, reading and writing comprehension.
Nova Southeastern Universitywww.fgse.nova.edu/theleadership
NSU's Fischler Graduate School offers graduate degrees in leadership to meet the emerging demands of the global and technological marketplace by creating "leaders at all levels"; from classroom to boardroom, from professor to CEO. Visit our Web site to learn more about our graduate programs in Educational Leadership (M.S./Ed.S./Ed.D.), Higher Education Leadership (Ed.D.), and Organizational Leadership (Ed.D.) offered on-site, online, worldwide.
This article originally appeared in the 01/01/2004 issue of THE Journal.
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Paul VI Catholic School wanted to develop a laptop program that would equip its students and teachers with the right tools to increase classroom learning, prepare their students for college, and to develop the 21st Century skill sets required by today's employers. Download this White Paper to learn about their comprehensive selection process and how they are using their new laptops to revolutionize the learning process.
Read more...
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|Anti-Graffiti Program
Greater Ridgewood Restoration Corporation (GRRC) is not a business but a non-profit organization that has worked since 1975 to stabilize and improve our neighborhood. Through our anti-graffiti building cleaning program begun on May 4, 1992, we have cleaned nearly 4,400 sites. The program is in operation from April through November.
click image to enlarge: Before After
These fees apply to residential buildings. Large commercial buildings will be charged for the cost of the materials used to clean their buildings, with a minimum of $75 per day for washing and $25 per day for painting, and a maximum of $200 for either washing or painting. There is no labor cost, since the graffiti is removed or painted over by personnel from the Alternative Sentencing Program of the Queens District Attorney, supervised by our crew chiefs and neighborhood volunteers. Building owners are asked to sign a waiver and to pay the charge of $75 a day to help defray some of the costs. We also ask for a voluntary donation. You might be reluctant to clean your building because you feel graffiti will quickly reappear. However, once you have paid the nominal charge, notify us as soon as graffiti reappears and GRRC will remove new graffiti up to three times a year at no extra charge. If we clean more than three times in a year, or if the new graffiti is very large, we will charge another $75 to wash it off. If we repaint more than three times, we will ask for another $25.
Download GRAFFITI REMOVAL RELEASE/WAIVERS
Paint Over: Adobe Acrobat PDF Format Microsoft Word Format DOC
Wash off: Adobe Acrobat PDF Format Microsoft Word Format DOC
Commercial Business:
Paint Over: Adobe Acrobat PDF Format Microsoft Word Format DOC
Wash off:
Adobe Acrobat PDF Format
Microsoft Word Format DOC
Program funded by Congresswoman Nydia Velazquez, NYS Senators Serphin Maltese & George Onorato, Assembly Members Catherine Nolan, Andrew Hevesi, Margaret Markey & Anthony Seminerio, and NYC Council Members Dennis Gallagher & Diana Reyna, and contributions from the community.


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Lecture: Does Electronic Media Impair Your Critical Thinking?
John W. Johnson, department of history, will discuss how he and his students examine critical thinking and the electronic media in the "Analysis of Social Issues" Capstone. Those planning to attend the lecture should take a 24-hour "e-media holiday." This means that you "fast" from all electronic media for one day--no TV, no cell phone, no computer, no internet, no e-reader, no iPod, no iPad and no car radio. Come prepared to discuss how you coped with being unconnected--if only for a day. Free and open to the public. Sponsored by the American Democracy Project and the Office of the Excecutive Vice President and Provost.


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The first three models that we are reviewing are coming from NVidia and their subsidiaries and hold the GK 106 chip. As it seems, this chip is a much stronger competitor than anticipated.
As all the rest GPU's in this generation, the GK 106 is made in 28nm manufacturing process and it is based on Kepler architecture. This new chip on a hardware level supports all the latest standards: DirectX 11, Shader Model 5.0, OpenGL 4.2 and technologies directly connected to nVidia's chips as: PhysX, 3D Vision, PureVideo HD, Cuda etc.
In this edition the GK106 has four working SMX, or 768 stream processors. This is really surprising when considering the class of this card. The same goes for the rest of the specifications of the card, as for an example the 64 texture units, when compared to the Cape Verde (AMD), which in the full edition has only 40.
The number of ROP is directly connected to the memory controller's and the base speed and when considering that this model will use a 128 bit interface, it's not hard to presume that there will be 16 of them. The manufacturer has predicted two variations of the card, one with 1GB of GDDR 5 and the other 2BG GDDR5. The additional 1 GB of GDDR according to us is not going to make a difference, that's why we are comparing three different iterations of this card. The first two work on the same frequencies, but one has double more memory and the third one works on higher frequency, but has 1GB of GDDR 5, so we will see which one has the best price/ performance ratio. And they will be compared with the Cape Verde models made by AMD in the next texts.
On the next few texts we are going to review the cards themselves.


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Girl drummers
View Single Post
Senior Member
Join Date: Aug 2012
Posts: 363
Re: Girl drummers
Originally Posted by
Anon La Ply
Oh well, then your speculation was questionable. In matters of skill I think you will find far greater difference within genders than between them.
Males tend to have more fast-twitch fibres in their muscles so that may be your angle, but I don't equate speed with quality as a musician and but some people seem to think the acrobatic component of music is paramount (I see speed as one of the least important things in drumming, except in a few genres and subgenres).
Happy to help you change your perception.
You have based your speculation on 3.5 billion people on a handful of girls in your old school - a particular place in a particular time with a particular culture with a particular availability of role models with particular instructors and the girls had their individual family situations, who will have attitudes about women on drums (as opposed to girls on drums - a lot of girls quit sports prematurely too).
Add society's stereotypical views about gender and drummers and you have far too many qualifying and mitigating factors to allow for valid speculation about comparative physiological aptitude.
Regarding different muscle fibers - I was not at all referring to the physical ability, rather the mental framework. We've all learned in life that various activities are usually more mental than physical. I believe that drumming is a LOT of neurological training.
I'm amused by the amount of misconceptions and assumptions being made about me personally. Not sure how that equates to this topic (as if I base this off of a particular moment in time in one specific area).
So if there are too many factors allowing speculation, I should just turn my pens and pencils in, and accept that nothing can explain it, but I'm wrong.
Originally Posted by
Swiss Matthias
The question really is: Aren't there more male musicians then female around
? (And I rather mean professional adults)
So it probably has nothing to do with anything drumming specific I guess.
This. Just last night I was at a show. Of the 11 bands that played - there were two female musicians. One was a bass player/vocalist. A guy turns to me and says,"I love girl bass players. I think they're hot."
She wasn't impressive as bass player, but that didn't stop my friends from being amazed.
This observation does span across more instruments (and also reverse with a few, where I've seen more females excel than males), I was just trying to stay within the context of drumming.
Originally Posted by
Wow, the age old debate never dies, eh? Are you really going to refer to us all as "girl drummers"? We don't say "boy drummer" although maybe we should start. I'm a full grown woman thank you very much.
Yeah, PC isn't for me. If people get offended by being called girl (within the context of girls/guys, even though it has been gals/guys vs girls/boys) - there are bigger issues here.
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A nebulizer for efficiently and reliably delivering aerosolized fluid to an inhaling patient is disclosed. The nebulizer includes a fixed diverter and a movable fluid orifice or fluid pathway connected with an actuator for responding to an inhalation or a manual actuation and beginning the nebulization process. Also provided is a method of providing nebulization including the steps of moving a fluid orifice or fluid pathway connected to an actuator so that the fluid orifice or fluid pathway reaches a nebulizing position during inhalation.
1. A nebulizer comprising:
a housing having an ambient air inlet and a chamber for holding an aerosol;
an air outlet communicating with the chamber for permitting the aerosol to be withdrawn from the chamber;
a gas inlet adjacent a moveable fluid orifice, the gas inlet in communication with the chamber, wherein the moveable fluid orifice comprises an opening defined by an outer diameter of the gas inlet and an inner diameter of an end of a gas inlet cover;
a diverter positioned in the chamber relative to the gas inlet; and,
a nebulization activation member accessible outside the housing, the nebulization activation member operably connected with the moveable fluid orifice and configured to maintain the nebulizer in a first operational mode at a first setting, and in a second operational mode at a second setting, wherein at the first setting the nebulization activation member is positioned to maintain the fluid orifice in a nebulizing position and the first operational mode comprises continuous nebulization.
2. The nebulizer of
3. The nebulizer of
4. The nebulizer of
5. The nebulizer of
6. The nebulizer of
7. The nebulizer of
8. A nebulizer for providing an aerosol to a patient, the nebulizer comprising:
a housing having an air inlet and a chamber for holding the aerosol;
an air outlet communicating with the chamber for permitting the aerosol to be withdrawn from the chamber;
a gas inlet located in the chamber;
a fluid orifice located in the chamber adjacent the gas inlet, the fluid orifice in communication with a fluid pathway from a fluid reservoir, wherein the fluid orifice comprises an opening defined by an outer diameter of the gas inlet and an inner diameter of an end of a gas inlet cover;
a nebulization activation member accessible outside the housing, the nebulization activation member operably connected with the fluid pathway and configured to maintain the nebulizer in a first operational mode at a first setting, and in a second operational mode at a second setting, wherein in the first setting the nebulization activation member is positioned to maintain the fluid pathway in a nebulizing position and the first operational mode comprises continuous nebulization, wherein a flow of fluid from the fluid reservoir to the fluid orifice is uninterrupted; and
an actuator piston movably positioned adjacent the air inlet and connected with at least a portion of the gas inlet cover, wherein the actuator piston and the at least a portion of the gas inlet cover are movable in response to inhalation at the air outlet, in the second operational mode.
9. The apparatus of
10. The apparatus of
11. A nebulizer comprising:
a housing having an ambient air inlet and a chamber for holding an aerosol;
an air outlet communicating with the chamber for permitting the aerosol to be withdrawn from the chamber;
a gas inlet adjacent a fluid orifice, the gas inlet in communication with the chamber;
a diverter positioned in the chamber relative to the gas inlet;
a nebulization activation member accessible outside the housing, the nebulization activation member operably connected with the chamber to control forming or disrupting a fluid pathway between a fluid reservoir and a fluid orifice and configured to maintain the nebulizer in a first operational mode at a first setting, and in a second operational mode at a second setting, wherein at the first setting the nebulization activation member is positioned to maintain the fluid pathway as a continuous fluid pathway and the first operational mode comprises continuous nebulization; and
wherein at least one portion of the fluid orifice is adjustable in response to a patient's breathing in the second operational mode.
12. The nebulizer of
13. The nebulizer of
14. The nebulizer of
15. The nebulizer of
16. The nebulizer of
This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/046,217, filed Jan. 27, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,131,439 which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/101,554, filed Mar. 19, 2002, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,929,003, which claims the benefit of provisional application Ser. No. 60/277,482, filed Mar. 20, 2001, wherein the entire disclosure of each of these applications is incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for generating an aerosol for delivery to a patient. More particularly, the present invention relates to a nebulizer configured to nebulize a fluid into an aerosol in coordination with a patient's breathing.
Medical nebulizers that nebulize a fluid into an aerosol for inhalation by a patient are well-known devices commonly used for the treatment of certain conditions and diseases. Nebulizers have applications for conscious, spontaneously-breathing patients and for controlled, ventilated patients.
In some nebulizers, a gas and a fluid are mixed together and directed against a baffle or diverter. In some other nebulizers, interaction of the gas and fluid is enhanced through impacting the gas and fluid against a diverter. The term diverter, as used in this specification, includes any baffle or impinger. As a result of either nebulization process described above, the fluid is transformed into an aerosol, that is, the fluid is caused to form small particles that are suspended in the air and that have a particle size in a range suitable for delivery to a targeted area of a patient's respiratory tract. One way to mix the gas and fluid together in a nebulizer is to pass a quickly moving gas over a fluid orifice tip of a tube. The negative pressure created by the flow of pressurized gas is a factor that contributes to drawing fluid out of the fluid orifice into the stream of gas and nebulizing it.
Important considerations in the design of a nebulizer are the timing and dosage regulation of the aerosolized fluid. In some nebulizer designs, a continuous stream of pressurized gas entrains the fluid against the diverter to constantly generate an aerosol until the fluid in a reservoir is depleted. Continuous nebulization may result in a waste of aerosol during a patient's exhalation or during a delay between inhalation and exhalation. The amount of wasted aerosol may be difficult to quantify and some of the aerosol may be lost to condensation on the nebulizer or mouthpiece during periods of non-inhalation. Nebulizers implementing a timed or non-continuous nebulization may adversely affect particle size and density as the nebulization is turned on and off.
Effective and economical nebulizer therapy includes the ability to quickly generate a large amount of aerosol within a predetermined particle size range. An effective nebulizer preferably provides these features synchronously with the inhalation of the patient. In order to actuate a mechanical nebulizer, a patient's inhalation effort must overcome certain variables. Depending on the structural configuration of the nebulizer, these variables may include one or more of the following: the volumetric flow rate of the flowing gas; air leaks in the device; the force exerted by the flowing gas on a moveable diverter; and the friction between moveable parts. The greater the flow rate, air leaks and friction, the greater the inhalation effort required in order to actuate the device. It is desirable that a nebulizer have adequate sensitivity to quickly respond to an inhalation while not adversely restricting the patient's inhalation.
In order to address the deficiencies in the prior art and provide improved performance, a nebulizer and method are provided. According to a first aspect of the invention, a nebulizer is provided with a housing having an ambient air inlet and a chamber for holding an aerosol. An air outlet communicates with the chamber for permitting the aerosol to be withdrawn from the chamber. A fluid outlet and a pressurized gas outlet are in communication with the chamber where the pressurized gas outlet is located adjacent to the fluid outlet. In one preferred embodiment, the fluid outlet is preferably positioned at the opposite end of a nozzle cover from a fluid inlet, wherein the fluid inlet is capable of fluid communication with a reservoir. A diverter is positioned in the chamber in a fixed position relative to the pressurized gas orifice.
At least one portion of the fluid orifice is adjustable between a nebulizing position and a non-nebulizing position. As used in this specification, the term "fluid orifice" means either the fluid inlet or the fluid outlet and may be used interchangeably with these terms. The nebulizer may have an actuator piston connected with at least a portion of a nozzle cover to move all or part of the fluid orifice, or all or part of the fluid pathway between the reservoir of fluid and the fluid orifice. Additionally, a relief piston independently movable with respect to the actuator piston may be used to alleviate inhalation effort after an initial period of inhalation. In one embodiment, the fluid orifice is movable in response to a patient's breathing. In another embodiment, the fluid orifice is movable by moving a mechanical actuator by hand. In yet further embodiments, the diverter may be movable relative to the nebulizer housing, but fixedly positioned relative to either the pressurized gas orifice or fluid orifice.
According to another aspect of the invention, a method of providing a nebulized fluid to a patient includes providing a nebulizer having a diverter fixedly positioned with respect to a pressurized gas outlet in a chamber, a fluid reservoir in communication with the chamber, and an adjustable fluid pathway movably positioned to communicate fluid in the fluid reservoir with a fluid orifice in response to inhalation by the patient. Upon inhalation through an air outlet connected to the chamber, a position of the fluid pathway is adjusted with the force of the inhalation such that the fluid in the chamber is nebulized.
A preferred embodiment of a nebulizer 10 for nebulizing a fluid is shown in
Referring to
A nozzle cover 32 is slideably mounted over the nozzle 26. As shown in
An embodiment is also contemplated with fluid pathways that are completely enclosed within the thickness of the nozzle cover such as one or more tunnels bored from, or molded in, the bottom of the nozzle cover extend some or all of the distance up to the opening at the top of the nozzle cover. Further, an alternative embodiment may consist of an array of one or more discrete tubes connected in a ring around the pressurized gas outlet 28, where each of the tubes provides a passageway from the fluid reservoir 80 to a respective point adjacent the pressurized gas outlet 28.
In the embodiment of
A diverter 46 is preferably attached to, or integrally molded with, the inside of the nebulizer 10. As shown in
Any of a number of configurations for fixing the position of the diverter with respect to the pressurized gas orifice are contemplated. For example, the cylindrical flange 160 may extend further into the chamber 120 so that the diverter 146 and support arm 148 are attached or molded further from the bottom of the cylindrical flange 160 as shown in the embodiment illustrated in
Referring again to
The opening 58 at the distal end 54 connects with a chimney, or cylindrical flange 60, extending down into the upper portion of the chamber 20. The cylindrical flange 60 is preferably of a diameter suited to slideably receive the cylindrical extension 62 of the actuator piston 38 that extends downward into the chamber 20. The cylindrical extension 62 is positioned substantially coaxially within the cylindrical flange 60 and acts as a vertical guide for the actuator piston 38. The open proximal end 52 of the upper portion 12 of the housing 13 has a diameter suited to receive the lid 11. The lid 11 may be threaded, snap-fit, friction-fit, molded or welded to the upper portion 12 of the housing 13. The middle portion 14 of the housing 13 is preferably manufactured of a clear plastic so that a caregiver can see the actuator piston and determine if the nebulizer is actuated.
The interior of the upper portion 12 is suited to slideably receive the actuator piston 38 and a relief piston 62, and to receive a biasing means 64 such as a plastic or metal spring. The actuator piston 38, as shown in
Referring to
A biasing means 64, such as a plastic or metal spring, is positioned adjacent the top of the relief piston 62. The biasing means 64 has a predetermined spring force that is designed to hold the pistons 38, 62 down during an absence of inhalation, but that will be overcome once sufficient negative pressure is created by a patient's inhalation effort. In a preferred embodiment, one end of the biasing means 64 rests against the retainer lid 11 and the other end against relief piston 62 between the inner and outer annular ribs 46, 78. Other biasing means, such as a flexible membrane or a set of oppositely charged magnetic materials, may also be used. Additionally, the biasing means may consist of extra weights added to the relief piston and actuator piston, or the weight of the relief and actuator pistons by themselves, rather than a spring, so that gravity may be used to provide the necessary biasing force keeping the pistons against the air inlets 56, 72 in a resting or exhalation position.
The bottom portion 16 of the housing 3 is used as a fluid reservoir 80. The fluid reservoir 80 preferably holds a fluid. In one embodiment, the fluid may comprise medication used to alleviate respiratory ailments such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The fluid reservoir 80 is bounded by a wall 30 that slopes down towards the bottom of the nozzle 26. Gravity urges the fluid in the reservoir toward the passageway 34 defined by the nozzle and nozzle cover. Both the cylindrical middle portion 14 of the housing 13 and bottom portion 16 of the housing 13 are preferably constructed from a transparent plastic to allow a caregiver to monitor medication levels in the nebulizer. When in a nebulizing position, the passageway 34 guides the fluid from the fluid reservoir to the fluid outlet 36.
Various alternative fluid reservoirs can be used in the nebulizer 10 For example, as is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,823,179, the reservoir may be formed of at least two portions: (1) an upper portion which is relatively shallow and wide with a diameter approximately the same as that of the chamber; and (2) a lower portion that is relatively narrow, but relatively deep. In this embodiment, the lower portion of the reservoir is wider than the outer diameter of the nozzle cover. This alternative embodiment can also be modified to include a third intermediate portion located between the upper and lower portions. The entire disclosure of U.S. Pat. No. 5,823,179 is incorporated herein by reference.
Referring to
Pressurized gas is continuously introduced into the chamber via the pressurized gas orifice 28 and is deflected radially outward from the gas orifice in a 360° pattern by the deflector 46. In the non-actuated position, the flow of gas fanning out over the annular fluid outlet is at a sufficient distance h2 from the annular fluid outlet that no nebulization takes place. Additionally, the force of the biasing member against the relief and actuator pistons closes the air inlets 72, 56 and keeps air and any nebulized substance in the chamber 20 from escaping through the air inlets. In one embodiment, h2 is approximately 2.0 mm when h1, the fixed distance between diverter and nozzle, is 0.75 mm. Other ratios of h2 and h1 may be utilized to take into account changes in parameters such as the viscosity of the fluid in the reservoir and the velocity of the pressurized gas entering the chamber.
When a patient begins inhaling through the air outlet 18, the force of the patient's inhalation lowers the pressure in the chamber and creates a negative pressure above the pistons causing both the actuator piston and relief piston to simultaneously lift away from the annular wall of the upper portion of the housing. The nozzle cover 32, rigidly attached to the actuator piston through the cylindrical extension and arms, moves up the pressurized gas nozzle until the fluid outlet reaches the low pressure zone created by the continuous flow of gas diverted by the diverter. In order to maintain the fluid outlet at the appropriate position during inhalation, upward movement of the actuator piston is preferably limited by contact of the outer annular rib with the edge of the lid 11. Alternatively, other points of contact may be used to limit the maximum upward movement of the nozzle and actuator piston For example, the plurality of stops 41 on the upper edge of the nozzle cover 32 shown in
In the nebulizing position (
Although nebulization has already started as soon as the actuator piston has lifted the nozzle cover to the appropriate spacing from the diverter, continued inhalation causes the relief piston to separate from the actuator piston. Separation of the relief piston from the actuator piston uncovers additional air inlets in the actuator piston and has the effect of increasing air flow into the nebulizer and reducing the resistance to inhalation.
Upon exhalation, the negative pressure in the chamber is replaced with a positive pressure such that the force of the biasing member against the relief and actuator pistons closes the air inlets and again moves the nozzle cover away from the low pressure zone generated by the pressurized gas inlet and diverter. Continued exhalation directs exhaled air through a relief valve on the mouthpiece (not shown) connected to the air outlet to direct exhalation away from the nebulizer. Any of a number of commonly available relief valves may be used with the presently preferred embodiment. A suitable mouthpiece and relief valve are illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 6,044,841, the entire specification of which is incorporated herein by reference.
Although preferably operated by breath actuation, the nebulizer 10 may also be manually actuated. As shown in the embodiment of
An alternative embodiment of a nebulizer 410 is illustrated in
In the non-actuating position, the second portion 432B is separate from the first portion 432A such that a gap 433 of a predetermined distance exists between the two portions as shown in
Another alternative embodiment of the nebulizer is illustrated in
Unlike the embodiment of
In order to achieve the separation of the first and second portions 532A, 532B, movement of the actuator 538 and relief 562 pistons should be opposite that of the actuator and relief pistons illustrated in the embodiment of
Additional inhalation draws the relief piston 562 away from the actuator piston 538 so that air from the inlets 556 can also flow through openings 572 in the actuator piston and relieves the inhalation effort. Upon exhalation, the biasing member force returns the pistons 538, 562 to a non-nebulizing position and exhaled air is directed through a one-way valve 563 in the mouthpiece 561. This embodiment of the nebulizer may also be manually actuated by pressing down on a manual actuator 557 extending through a central opening 559 in the lid 511. One suitable nebulizer piston configuration is illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 6,044,841, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. In similar fashion, the downward moving piston configuration may be used with a nozzle cover that is suspended above, or against, the diverter so that inhalation effort would move the actuator piston and attached nozzle cover down to complete the fluid pathway and place the fluid orifice in the low pressure zone created by the continuous flow of pressurized gas against the diverter. All or a portion of the nozzle cover may be connected with the actuator piston in this downward piston motion alternative embodiment.
Another alternative embodiment of the nebulizer is illustrated in
As illustrated in
Illustrated in
Referring to
In alternative embodiments, the vane 638, 662 may be constructed of a flexible material that is configured to flex with a patients inhalation and exhalation rather than pivoting about a point. Also, different portions of the nozzle and/or nozzle cover may be movably mounted to swing with the vane and form the fluid pathway or a fluid orifice during inhalation. Further, a movable collar may be used to block the fluid inlet 667 or outlet 664 in another alternative configuration capable of actuating the nebulizer in coordination with a patient's breathing.
In the embodiment of
In operation, the nebulizer 710 is in a non-actuated state when at rest (
Upon exhalation, the relief piston 762 will shut the openings in the lid to restore the original pressure in the housing. The actuator piston 738 will lower to its rest position and move the fluid outlet away from the low pressure zone created by the pressurized gas impacting the fixed diverter 746. Any air exhaled by the patient will preferably pass through a one-way valve 763 on the mouthpiece 761 and not enter the air outlet 718 of the nebulizer. Although the air inlets 756 are shown underneath the periphery of the middle portion 714 in
In one preferred embodiment, if the continuous pressurized gas flow into the chamber 720 from the pressurized gas inlet 728 is at a rate of 8 Liters/minute (L/min), the actuator piston 738 will respond to the inhalation once the inhalation rate exceeds the 8 L/min and generates a negative pressure in the range of 0.5 to 1.0 centimeters H2O. Nebulization should begin once the initial inhalation has moved the actuator piston up into the actuation position. The force initially keeping the actuator piston in the non-actuated state may be the weight of the actuator piston or may be supplied by any of a number of biasing members. As the patient continues inhaling and the negative pressure increases to approximately 1.0 centimeters H2O, the relief piston 762 opens. The relief piston is preferably configured to increase the amount of additional ambient air provided to the chamber as the patient's inhalation increases to keep the negative pressure from rising to a point that makes inhalation difficult for the patient.
As best shown in
Referring to
The embodiments of
Another aspect of the nebulizer shown in
Another embodiment of a breath-actuated nebulizer 800 is illustrated in
During exhalation, or at rest, the actuator piston 838 lowers the nozzle cover 832 until the underside 830 of the top of the nozzle cover 832 rests against the top portion 827 of the nozzle 826. Although pressurized gas may still flow freely, the fluid pathway 834 is blocked off and fluid cannot be drawn from the reservoir 880. Thus, the gas nozzle 826 and nozzle cover 832 in
The invention may be embodied in other forms than those specifically disclosed herein without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the invention is intended to be commensurate with the appended claims.
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More coaching change in Washington? McPhee says assistants unlikely to return
Jun 14, 2012, 12:03 PM EDT
Washington Capitals GM George McPhee met with the media today to discuss the future of his club — a future that could be without the services of Dean Evason and Jim Johnson.
McPhee said "probably not" when asked if Caps' assistant coaches would return for the 2012-13 season. Evason is the longest-tenured coach on Washington's staff (since 2005) while Johnson joined last year after Dale Hunter replaced Bruce Boudreau as head coach.
While Johnson's departure wouldn't be that shocking — he was tied to the Hunter regime, and the Hunter regime is over — seeing Evason go would be a surprise.
He'd been rumored as a candidate for the head coaching gig and has proven to be a versatile assistant, having coached under three different bench bosses (Glen Hanlon, Boudreau, Hunter) since joining Washington's staff.
Speaking of Washington's head coaching gig, McPhee said he had no timetable for a hire and stressed he didn't need anyone in place by the draft or July 1 free agency period. He noted that New Jersey waited until July 19 last year before hiring Peter Deboer, which worked out well for the Devils.
- capsfan19 - Jun 14, 2012 at 12:21 PM
Ugh…… This is such a crappy situation.
- dipthatchip - Jun 14, 2012 at 12:41 PM
yep, we're boned. maybe if panther and green walk we'll be ok? or maybe not, haha
- stakex - Jun 14, 2012 at 12:50 PM
I doubt the Caps will ever be a champion with George McPhee as the GM. The Caps have changed coaches, changed systems, and even changed players… and still get the same result. The next step is to change GM's and see if you can get someone in there to better manage the assets they have (you know, someone who won't try to turn Ovechkin into a shot blocking defensemen).
- selldannysell - Jun 14, 2012 at 12:55 PM
"He noted that New Jersey waited until July 19 last year before hiring Peter Deboer, which worked out well for the Devils."
New Jersey also had a real GM who has Stanley Cup Championships — PLURAL — on his resume. McPhee is a waste of space!
- therealjr - Jun 14, 2012 at 7:28 PM
That really has nothing to do with it. You can bag on McPhee but the point is there is no disadvantage in waiting until later in the summer to hire the coach.
- tonyromoisterrible - Jun 14, 2012 at 7:51 PM
Ted always boasts about having the best team in town, but there are no championships to back up his claims. Leonsis needs to fire McPhee and start over with a whole new front office.
- bethgoesglobal - Jun 15, 2012 at 6:54 PM
Well, the Caps ARE the best pro team in DC. The Nats are certainly improving, but the Redskins (I still love ya) and the Bullets…ummmm, not so much.
- newyorktowashington - Jun 15, 2012 at 11:54 PM
Dean Evason is the obvious choice for head coach. What is wrong with the Capitals management team. They have a dedicated and talented coach available but they appear to be chasing has-beens and high-profile coaches. In Evason, the Capitals have an Olympic Captain, an experienced player, and a tremendously talented coach. The players respond to him and he has shown his flexibility to multiple systems under head coaches with vastly different styles. End the search and give Evason the reigns.
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Units better than being reported
some of the comments on these units are not quite accurate in terms of problem causes. It is very difficult to short these units out or for the leds to burn out. It is...Read complete review
some of the comments on these units are not quite accurate in terms of problem causes. It is very difficult to short these units out or for the leds to burn out. It is also almost impossible to keep water out of these type of units. Condensation will get in. These type units fail due to rust on the battery contacts. Seen it a hundred times. Second problem is not necessarily the quality of the batteries, but the charging cycles, especially if they are using ni-cads. If the units fail, the first thing is to flip the switch back and forth a few times, rust on switch contacts will kill the unit. I've been able to fix solar lights every time by cleaning the battery contacts and replacing the battery. Sometimes the battery just needs a good charge on a plug-in type charger. The yellowing, which they all do unless glass, can often be fixed by polishing off the top layer just like they do with auto headlights. The biggest issue with these things is you can't get at the battery compartment. I bought 16 of these things, all worked perfectly. Will see how long before they rust up or battery fails. Then I will try to open it up by prying off the solar cell. btw, I am an electrical engineer so I sort of know what I am talking about. In any case, they are about a third the price of similar units which probably have the exact same problems.
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Terrible design
These are a great idea however the design is terrible. They get water in them and then the lights burn out. Even though we put silicone around all the windows on them they still...Read complete review
These are a great idea however the design is terrible. They get water in them and then the lights burn out. Even though we put silicone around all the windows on them they still got water in them and quit working. I won't buy them again.
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(2 of 2 customers found this review helpful)
lasted 2 years and still going
By jammiman
from Phoenix, AZ
About Me Avid Do-It-Yourselfer
Comments about One Stop Gardens Solar LED Pathway Markers - 4 Piece:
I am not using this product on the ground, but rather mounted vertically to our dual swinging gates. They are in direct sunlight all day and give off plenty of light all night. The light is a pure white which looks blue compared to our driveway lights, but these are far enough away that it doesn't cause a problem. Its possible that the vertical mounting reduces the amount of water that gets into the housing, but either way, I am very pleased for the cost. All the other solar pathway lights and stake lights I have died out after about 1 season but these are still going very strong.
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
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By SPSCA
from SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
(3 of 3 customers found this review helpful)
work great -- ordering more
By foreveryoung
from islamorada, fl
have a 36' open deck sailing catamaran in the florida keys. have had 8 of these on the deck for more than two years. all fully exposed to all weather conditions. 6 still working. through torrential rain and storms, blazing sun. ordering more to replace the two dead ones and to use on house and to keep extras in case. great buy, strong and under my conditions, very reliable.
(7 of 10 customers found this review helpful)
great for xeriscape
By cindy
from Undisclosed
We live in a dry climate (high desert in california) and added them to the xeriscape in the front. They look wonderful at night when placed by a rock or near a plant plant. Because there is little moisture we haven't had any problems. They've been there over a year.
(1 of 1 customers found this review helpful)
Used them for 9 years
By Jimbo
from Savannah Ga.
I have been using these for 9 years. I have had school bus drivers come by on Sundays and thank mefor having them near my driveway so they know where they are when picking up the kids. I have them all over my property to accentareas like driveway/plants/pool/as well around my pond to create extra reflection of light.
Be seen at anchor!
By 42ft sail yacht
from East coast US
We have fixed these lights to the sides of our yacht using Velcro. Means we can be seen at night in the darkest of anchorages and when returning to the boat at night we stand out among the crowd. Offers good light for walking around deck after dark. They are so set that when underway light is not reflected back into the cockpit. We spray anti-corrosion into the switch mechanism. It is a robust product. Value for money. Yes, like all things they do eventually fail but they draw nothing from precious batteries and we have had many that have lasted over two years. We have often been asked by other cruisers where we have purchased them and we highly recommend they contact Harbour Freight.
(4 of 4 customers found this review helpful)
Used for Deck Step Lighting
By JayCee
from Kalamazoo, MI
I use these lights in a vertical application on the deck stair posts. I like it when one light burns out on some so the light doesn't shine up in my eyes. I've had a 25% failure rate over three years. Never had a problem returning units that did not work out of the box.
the best solar light I have ever seen
By Dizzidean
from Crosslake NY
I use these on my dock in upstate NY. Every year I am supprised to find that they are still working after digging them out of the snowbank.
(6 of 6 customers found this review helpful)
By Jeff
from Charlotte, NC
(3 of 4 customers found this review helpful)
I buy them every year
By Jenny
from Lanoka Harbor, NJ
About Me Casual Do-It-Yourselfer
Every year I buy more, love the way the driveway looks. 30 in each side.
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'Tis The Season... For SMOOTHIES
Smoothie time is here! Although we were just hit by a mid-april snowstorm (awful i know) that didn't stop me from whipping out the blender! I tend to grab whatever foods are lying around and blend them with some yogurt and milk. I never have set recipes (which to me feels like a constant smoothie adventure!!), but i know others do. What are your big favorite smoothies, or even ones you've gotten in a restaurant that were just amazing?
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Drury Inn's "Hospitality Super Hero" Says New LIfe In Crestwood "Is Good"
Carlos Cuartas and his family fled Cali, Columbia, 10 years ago
by Kevin Murphy
write the author
Carlos Cuartas, a maintenance engineer at the Drury Inn near Forest Park, was honored for his exceptional service. photo by Diana Linsley (
click for larger version
10/09/2009 -
Carlos Cuartas is a "hospitality hero," an honor recently bestowed upon him by the St. Louis Convention and Visitors Commission for his "exceptional service" as a maintenance engineer.
Cuartas has been part of the employee team at Drury Hotels for nine years, first at the Drury Plaza Hotel at the Arch and currently at the year-old Drury Inn & Suites near Forest Park.
But Cuartas has another story to tell, a story far removed from his home in Crestwood and his work as an all-around fix-it man with Drury Inn. From a table in the breakfast room of the Drury Inn, Cuartas told of how he and his young family came to live in the United States.
It was 10 years ago that Carlos Cuartas was forced to uproot his family from their home in Cali, Colombia, for a move to the safer environs of the United States. Upon arrival, the family lived in Kirkwood before buying a home seven years ago on Torigney Drive in Crestwood.
Cuartas had enjoyed success as a small business owner in Cali. His store sold hardware, art frames, and even housed an art gallery. He and his wife, Alejandra, had a young family to raise -- two girls, Andrea and Maria, and a son, Carlos -- and the Cali hardware store had provided them with a good living.
Cali is Columbia's third largest city, a thriving cosmopolitan steeped in Spanish history and culture. But Cali was not without its troubles. Beginning in the mid-1990s the city became one of the cocaine capitals of the world -- home to the Cali Cartel.
Cuartas said he was targeted by extortionists who expected the successful businessman to share with them his wealth.
"I had a problem with terrorists. I had to close my business because they called: "We need money for our people,'" Cuartas was told.
Cuartas refused to pay, saying that he worked for his family, and no one else. Making matters worse, extortionists learned that the Cuartas family was planning a trip to Europe.
Maintenance Engineer Supervisor David Stienkemeyer staples upholstery to the bottom of a chair as Carlos Cuartas looks on. With six floors and 164 rooms, the two men are kept busy at the new Drury Inn & Suites near Forest Park. photo by Diana Linsley (
click for larger version
"I was told, 'you don't have money for my friends, but you have money for travel,'" Cuartas said.
Cuartas described how, six weeks later, he and his three children were tailed in a park by four men in a slow moving car. Terrified, the family ran for safety. There was another incident in which strangers had actually entered his home while the family was away.
Fearing for the safety of his family, Cuartas closed his business and relocated his family to the U.S. He chose St. Louis as his new home because a boyhood friend of his, Fernando Torres, had lived in the Gateway City for 30 years. Torres works as a court translator for St. Louis County.
Cuartas had visions of opening his own business in St. Louis, a store similar to the one he operated in Cali. But he said a small store can't compete against larger ones offering cheap import items. "Impossible" he said of his desire to open his own business. Still, he's keeping his eye out for an opportunity.
A Hospitality Super Hero
Cuartas was among seven "Hospitality Super Heroes" to be honored Sept. 17 during the annual St. Louis Convention and Visitors Commission luncheon.
"Carl is a great example of the 'never say no' approach we take. We can always count on him to make our guests feel good about having stayed here," said Douglas Johaningmeyer, general manager of Drury Inn & Suites at the Hampton Avenue and Interstate 44 location.
Cuartas is one of two maintenance engineers working at the new Drury Hotel. His supervisor, David Stienkemeyer, jokes that he taught Cuartas everything he knows about hotel repair work. Last Monday afternoon, Stienkemeyer, who grew up in Crestwood, was in his office reattaching legs on a chair.
"With a brand new, $20 million building, you wouldn't think we would have much to do. But there is always something that needs to be done," Stienkemeyer said.
Cuartas does most of the hotel's preventive maintenance. He visits each of the hotel's 164 rooms three times a year, checking dozens of items -- from hairdryers to drawer handles, showerheads to air conditioning units -- making sure they are all working properly.
Carlos Cuartas receives further congratulations from Drury Inn & Suites (near Forest Park) General Manager Douglas Johaningmeyer. photo by Diana Linsley (
click for larger version
Cuartas said he enjoys his job.
"Every day is different. That's what I enjoy. Every day is a new situation. Maybe the AC is not working properly, or a lock is broke. A guest came to me once because his shoes are broken," Cuartas said.
Cuartas' English, too, is a bit broken. But he speaks his adopted language incredibly well for someone who has lived in this country for only 10 years.
His first and only job in the U.S. was with Drury Hotels. Cuartas has no regrets joining the Drury team. He describes the Drury family as "incredible" and praises the family for the positive, friendly work atmosphere they have created.
When asked about his new home in Crestwood, Cuartas answered simply, "Is good."
He and Alejandra have been married for 24 years. His two daughters, Andrea, 18, and Maria, 16, attend Lindbergh High School. He said the district has provided his three children with excellent educations. His son, Carlos, 21, attends the University of Missouri-Columbia.
A photo of Carlos Cuartas sporting a red Superman cape hangs in the maintenance engineer office at the Drury Inn -- a hospitality super hero with a smile on his face and a story to tell of an old life in South America, and a new one to the north.
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Come What(ever) May is the second studio album by American alternative metal band Stone Sour. It was recorded and produced by the band and Nick Raskulinecz at Studio 606 in Los Angeles, California, and was released on August 1, 2006, through Roadrunner Records. Writing for the album began as early as 2003 when vocalist Corey Taylor and guitarist James Root were writing material for their other band, Slipknot. In January 2006 Stone Sour began recording the follow up to their 2002 debut album Stone Sour, during which time drummer Joel Ekman left the band due to family constraints. He was eventually replaced by ex-Soulfly drummer Roy Mayorga who played on all but two tracks on the album.
Following the release of the album, Stone Sour went on to promote it for over a year; releasing five singles and touring in several regions, including the United States, Canada, Japan and several countries in Europe. The album received generally positive reviews. It was praised for showing a progression in the bands song writing ability and musical style. It was also certified Gold in the United States and Canada and the single "30/30-150" was nominated for Best Metal Performance at the 49th Grammy Awards. On June 26, 2007 Stone Sour released a special edition version of the album, it included six previously unreleased tracks and a bonus DVD which featured three music videos and a complete live performance of the band in Moscow.
In September 2005, lead singer Corey Taylor announced that Stone Sour would return with a second album. He said that they had written over 30 songs, some during the writing process of Vol. 3: (The Subliminal Verses), the third album by vocalist Taylor and guitarist James Root's other band Slipknot, and that they were working on demoing the tracks before entering the studio. Dave Fortman was originally slated to produce the album, however, on January 22, 2006 Stone Sour began working on the album with producer Nick Raskulinecz at Dave Grohl's personal studio (Studio 606), in Los Angeles. Time in the studio began with a week of pre-production, during which guitarist Josh Rand says producer Raskulinecz "pushed to the brink and back" to help fine-tune the songs they had previously written. Though Rand and Taylor wrote most of the music and lyrics for the first album, respectively, writing for Come What(ever) May was done by all members.
Following this, the band set out to record 18 tracks and work began on recording Joel Ekman's drum tracks. However, Ekman was forced to leave the studio after four weeks due to his young son's diagnosis of a brainstem glioma. With the fate of the album in jeopardy, Stone Sour recruited ex-Soulfly member Roy Mayorga as a session drummer. Mayorga recorded drums for all but two tracks on the album, Godsmack drummer Shannon Larkin performed on the track "30/30-150" and guitarist Root performed drums on the bonus track "The Day I Let Go." In an interview with Revolver during the recording process vocalist Taylor talked about the differences between this album and their previous album, Stone Sour. He said that pressures from fans and the record label were much larger; also noting that he "thrives on the pressure, because it gets going." While promising that "the album's gonna be miles above the first one," Taylor explained that it is "more melodic and darker". In late March 2006, drummer Joel Ekman officially left Stone Sour and the band was talking with a few drummers who could replace him. On April 7, 2006 the recording sessions for Come What(ever) May concluded. A month later session drummer Roy Mayorga joined Stone Sour on a full-time basis.
It was announced in March 2006 that Stone Sour's second album, which was tentatively titled "Come What May," would be released on July 18, 2006. However, the release date for the album was pushed back until August 22. Due to the delay Stone Sour released a music video for the track "Reborn", which featured footage of the band working on the album in the studio. The cover artwork from the album was released online on May 20, 2006. Shortly after, it was confirmed by a representative from the band's record label Roadrunner that the release date had been brought forward, and the official release date would be August 1, 2006. On July 31, 2006, the day before its release the album was made available online for streaming in its entirety through AOL.
On May 22, 2006 the first single from the album, "30/30-150", was made available online as a free MP3 download. A music video for the single was shot with director P.R. Brown in Los Angeles, the video received a premier on MTV's Headbangers Ball on June 3, 2006. Prior to the release of the second single from the album, "Through Glass", radio stations throughout the US showed high support for the song. A music video for the single was shot with director Tony Petrossian and was released on June 9, 2006 online through Yahoo!. The third single from the album, "Sillyworld", began receiving radio airplay in November 2006. A music video for the single was shot in January 2007 and was released online on March 8, 2007. The fourth single from the album, "Made of Scars", featured a music video which was recorded live on April 7, 2007 and was posted online on June 5, 2007. The fifth and final single from the album, "Zzyzx Rd.", started receiving radio airplay in Fall 2007 and no music video was made for the single.
The band began touring in support of the album prior to its release, initiating touring with several free shows in the US. Followed by multiple appearances at festivals in Europe. They then joined Korn for their 2006 edition of Family Values Tour across the US, which featured 33 dates across 3 months. On August 8, 2006 Stone Sour made a special guest appearance on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno to promote and perform their second single "Through Glass." They also performed at the Japanese festival Summer Sonic midway through the Family Values Tour. Then through November and December 2006, Stone Sour joined Disturbed for their Music as a Weapon Tour. In January 2007 Stone Sour joined Evanescence for a Canadian tour, followed by a headlining tour of Europe. They then headlined the Spring 2007 Jägermeister Music Tour across the US, followed by headlining tours in Australia and Japan. They then started a tour in Europe playing festivals and select headline shows. They wrapped up touring in support of the album with a headlining tour in the US through August and September in 2007.
Special edition
On June 26, 2007, Stone Sour released a special edition version of the album with six previously unreleased tracks and a bonus DVD. The DVD featured a full concert performance by the band from October 2006 in Moscow and the music videos for "30/30-150," "Through Glass," and "sillyworld." When talking about the special edition, vocalist Taylor said, "we really wanted to do something which was really cool," saying that this shows the band's different musical elements and them in their live element, which he says "people really gravitate towards." In addition to this, Stone Sour released a live album of their concert in Moscow exclusively on iTunes, entitled Live in Moscow.
In an interview with MTV in 2006, vocalist Corey Taylor said that Come What(ever) May was a return to the roots of the band, stating it is "a lot more from the spirit of what the band started with in 1992." Noting how some songs were "very atmospheric," while others maintained "the hard rock and the heavy stuff." Jon Wiederhorn of MTV said that "for every thrash riff there's a tunefully grungy passage, for every flailing guitar line there's a rock-radio hook." When talking about the track "30/30-150", he said parts are "bludgeoning, barbed and heavy," while others are "soaring and triumphant," with the production of Raskulinecz helping balance the album's heaviness with its radio-accessibility. Come What(ever) Mays lyrics include themes of "pain, pleasure, happiness, and grief." The diversity in subjects is evident throughout the album, songs including "Come What(ever) May" were politically influenced while the track "Socio" is about "social anxiety attacks" that vocalist Taylor suffered. "Zzyzx Rd" is a love song written to Taylor's wife for helping him in his struggles against alcoholism and contemplation of suicide. "I've never written anything like that before, but it was very important for me to tell the world not only how much she saved me, but how much she means to me," said Taylor. Taylor said there is a common thread with the lyrics throughout the album, saying that they are "about never forgetting where you came from, who you are and why you do this."
Come What(ever) May was met with generally positive critical reviews. Several reviewers noted on how it helped to establish Stone Sour more, Chad Bower of About.com said the band has "progressed a lot since their debut", noting how the album is "very diverse and the band to show many different sides of their musical personality." Megan Frye of Allmusic opens her review of the album by distinguishing what sets Stone Sour apart musically, stating " ability to create smooth, radio-friendly alternative metal songs while simultaneously not boring the people who have heard way too much from post-grunge groups." On a similar note, Michael Melchor of 411mania said "the band is much better at the craft of songwriting than many of their peers." However in contrast, reviewer William Fry of IGN criticized the album, saying "Stone Sour doesn't do anything inspired, original, or fresh here" even calling the album "completely misdirected, and stonewalled." A particular point of interest for reviewers was how Come What(ever) May is more melodic than their previous album Stone Sour. Melchor of 411mania said the album is "much more liberal with the balladry and acoustic sounds than its predecessor," noting on the track "Sillyworld" he said "it sounds like what Nickelback could be if Chad Kroeger could write a good melody". In his review, Chad Bower labeled Come What(ever) May as a "very melodic and accessible album" stating that "it has a little something for everyone." Similarly, Megan Frye triumphed the album as an "unyielding effort from a promising talent".
Come What(ever) May sold over 80,000 copies in its first week and debuted at the fourth spot on the Billboard 200 in the United States, and went on to be certified gold in the UK, Canada and the United States. In 2007, the single "30/30-150" was nominated for Best Metal Performance at the 49th Grammy Awards.
* Corey Taylor — vocals, guitars
* James Root — lead guitar,
* Josh Rand — rhythm guitar
* Shawn Economaki — bass
* Roy Mayorga — drums
;Guest musicians
* Shannon Larkin — drums
* Rami Jaffee — piano
* Nick Raskulinecz — producer, engineer
* Mike Terry — engineer
* Paul Fig — engineer
* John Lousteau — engineer
* John Nicholson — drum tech
* Randy Staub — mixer
* Rob Stefanson — assistant mixer
* Tod Jensen — mastering
* Monte Conner — A&R
* Cory Brennan — management
* Jaison John — management assistant
* Eric Greenspan — legal
* Rick Roskin — US booking agent
* John Jackson — International booking agent
* Hugh Syme — art direction, design, illustration
* Chapman Baehler — photography
;Bonus DVD credits
* Victor Logachev - concert producer
* Stepan Popov - concert producer
* Dave "Shirt" Nichols - concert audio mixer
* Nina Bell - negotiations
* Roman Geigert - camera
* Dmitri Shevelev - camera
* Anna Gogichaishvili - camera
* Alexei "Siid" Tsarev - camera, editing
* Dmitri Grekulov - camera
* Dima "Brain" Zvjagin - camera
* Kiril Chapligin - coordination
* Artem Butsenko - recording and sound post-production, editing
* Dmitri Makhov - chief production
Stone Sour is an American rock band from Des Moines, Iowa. Since 2006, the group has been composed of Corey Taylor (lead vocals, guitar, piano), Jim Root (lead guitar, keyboard), Josh Rand, (rhythm guitar), Shawn Economaki (bass guitar) and Roy Mayorga (drums, percussion). Original drummer Joel Ekman left the group in 2006. The group formed in 1992, performing for 5 years, before disbanding in 1997 when Taylor and Root joined Slipknot. The group reunited in 2002.
To date, Stone Sour have released three studio albums Stone Sour (2002); Come What(ever) May (2006) and their latest album, titled Audio Secrecy, which was released September 7, 2010. They released a digital live album, Live in Moscow, in 2007.
Stone Sour earned the group two Grammy Award nominations, both for Best Metal Performance, for the singles "Get Inside", in 2003, and "Inhale", in 2004. The album went on to become RIAA certified Gold. In 2006, following the release of Come What(ever) May, the group received another Grammy Award nomination for Best Metal Performance for the single "30/30-150".
Formation and early years (1992–1997)
Stone Sour was founded by Corey Taylor, who eventually became the vocalist of Slipknot, and former drummer Joel Ekman. Taylor's long-time friend Shawn Economaki joined shortly after, and filled in as the bass player. The band had played clubs and bars with different guitarists, who often filled the position for just one show. During these formative years, Stone Sour recorded 2 demo tapes, in 1992 and 1994. Shortly after, in 1995, Jim Root, who is now also part of Slipknot with Taylor, joined the band. The group was complete, and in 1996 it recorded another demo tape, songs from which would later be used in 2002 on their self titled debut album, Stone Sour. The band was named after an alcoholic drink that consists of one part whiskey, one part orange juice, with a splash of sour mix.
In 1997 the band went on hiatus, during which Taylor and Root spent most of their time with Slipknot, who were another up-and-coming act in Des Moines and would soon earn a record deal. Root actually did not join the band until a year after Taylor, and Economaki went on to become Stage left guitar tech. Ekman stayed in Des Moines and started a family.
Self-titled album (2002–2003)
After Josh Rand joined the band, the band recorded their debut self-titled album in Cedar Falls, Iowa which was released on 31 July 2002 in the UK, and on the 1st of August in the US. Upon release, the album charted at number 46 on the Billboard 200. The song "Bother", which was featured on the Spider-Man soundtrack (credited only to Taylor), peaked at number 2 on the Mainstream Rock Chart as well as number 4 on the Modern Rock Tracks and 56 on the Billboard Hot 100. The next single, "Inhale", peaked at 18 on the Mainstream Rock chart. The group received two Grammy Award nominations for Best Metal Performance for the singles "Get Inside" and "Inhale" in 2003 and 2004 respectively. The album went on to achieve Gold certification. The band toured for six months with label mates Sinch and Chevelle before going on a temporary hiatus as Taylor and Root went back to join Slipknot for another album and tour.
Come What(ever) May (2005–2007)
The band came back in 2006 to release their second studio album, Come What(ever) May. They parted ways with drummer Joel Ekman, currently drumming for Isaac James, who left to take care of his cancer-stricken son, and later recruited current drummer, Roy Mayorga (Soulfly, and later Amebix). The track "30/30-150" was recorded with Godsmack drummer Shannon Larkin. The album was released on August 1, 2006. It was met with positive reviews from critics, and sold 80,000 copies in the first week, allowing it to debut at number four on the Billboard 200. The band toured for the next year and a half, releasing the Live in Moscow album exclusively to iTunes on August 14, 2007. Corey Taylor and James Root returned to Slipknot to record their fourth full length studio album, All Hope Is Gone. Mayorga is now performing with the band Black President. While on the road with Slipknot, Taylor and Root are said to be writing for the next Stone Sour album.
The single "Sillyworld" peaked at number 2 on the Mainstream Rock charts in 2006. "Through Glass" proved to be successful peaking at number 1 on the Mainstream Rock Chart, 2 on the Modern Rock Tracks, 12 on the Adult Top 40 and 39 on the Billboard Hot 100 also in 2006. They released two more singles in 2007, "Made of Scars" and "Zzyzx Rd.", which managed to peak at numbers 21 and 29 on the Mainstream Rock charts respectively. In 2006 they received a Grammy Award for Best Metal Performance nomination for the single "30/30-150".
Audio Secrecy (2009–2011)
Corey Taylor talked to Rock Sound magazine about the future of Stone Sour. "We are already starting to put together demos for Stone Sour. Our new stuff sounds really melodic but really dark, it is way darker than the first two albums and way more cohesive. I don't know what it is, I'm still flushing shit out."
Taylor told Noisecreep that Stone Sour's thirdcoming album will be "darker than Come What(ever) May, but a lot more melodic, a lot stronger, a lot more mature, and the lyrics that are coming out of me are really good. I'm really excited." He also stated that they were to enter the studio in January 2010 "for two or three months" with the band having "ten tunes fully written" as well as another 15 they are still working on.
"I cannot wait to make this Stone Sour album!" said frontman Corey Taylor in an official statement. "Everything already feels a million times stronger than anything we've done in the past. Plus getting back together with Nick is going to mean monstrous things. This is the year for Stone Sour!"
The band is recording the upcoming album, titled Audio Secrecy, at the Blackbird Studios in Nashville, Tennessee with producer Nick Raskulinecz, who was the producer for the band's second album Come What(ever) May. The band has stated that they are aiming for an August 2010 release date through Roadrunner. The name was revealed on May 10, 2010, with Taylor saying that "Audio Secrecy is the summation of everything we want, everything we crave and everything we fight for...The dimensions go further than anything we've ever tried before. It's metal, rock, slow, soft, hard, fast, bitter, beautiful and most importantly, it's real. You can't get an album like this out of a band that doesn't exist. We're throwing caution out the damn window."
In February 2010, it was announced that Stone Sour will headline the second stage at the Download Festival 2010 in the UK and will be a part of Rocklahoma 2010 in Pryor, Oklahoma.
Stone Sour played the first annual Rockstar Energy Drink Uproar Festival with Avenged Sevenfold and Disturbed as headliners. Also on the tour were Hellyeah, Halestorm and Hail the Villain among others. Stone Sour set the release date of Audio Secrecy as September 7.
On the 5th of August, Stone Sour were announced to be part of the Soundwave Festival in late February/early March in Australia 2011.
Stone Sour are currently co-headlining a UK tour with Avenged Sevenfold, with support from Sick Puppies, Hellyeah and Halestorm. They filmed a live DVD at the Brighton show from this tour on November 7th, 2010.
It was also announced that a Stone Sour live DVD will be released filmed at The Brighton Centre in the United Kingdom.
As of January 2011, the band is touring in support of Avenged Sevenfold, New Medicine and Hollywood Undead on the "Nightmare After Christmas Tour" 2011.
The band performed at Soundwave in Australia in February and March of 2011.
The band will also be performing on the second day (Sunday, 5/22) of Rock on the Range 2011.
* Corey Taylor - lead vocals, rhythm guitar, piano (1992–present)
* Shawn Economaki - bass guitar (1992–present)
* Jim Root - lead guitar, keyboard, (1995–present)
* Josh Rand - rhythm guitar (2001–present)
* Roy Mayorga - drums, percussion (2006–present)
;Former members
* Joel Ekman - drums, percussion (1992–2006)
;Studio albums
*Stone Sour (2002)
*Come What(ever) May (2006)
*Audio Secrecy (2010)


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Producer: S. Krishnamurthy
Director: Mani Ratnam
Writer: R. N. Jayagopal, Mani Ratnam
Release Date: 01 January,1983
Storyline: Pallavi anupallavi is a kannada film released in 1983, in which indian director mani ratnam made his directorial debut. the movie starred anil kapoor in his first leading role. the film deals with an unconventional plot of a male in love with an older female played by the popular actress lakshmi. another south indian director, balu mahendra, was the cinematographer for this movie. the soundtrack was composed by ilaiyaraaja. the film was not a commercial success but was critically acclaimed.See full storyline Read on Wikipedia


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Aug. 5, 2010
written by Marcy Silva, athletics communications student assistant
When Brianna Webster committed to play for Coach Kit Vela at the University of New Mexico, she had no idea she would be keeping a trio, composed of Brooke Ellison, Elizabeth Nare, and herself, of friends and teammates together.
The trio, who have been suiting up in baby blue for the Laguna Hills Eclipse club soccer team for over a year, each received offers to play for Vela at UNM, however they never tried to convince each other to attend the University.
"When we received offers we talked about it, but never tried to persuade one another to attend," said Nare. "But in the back of our minds we all secretly hoped we'd have the opportunity to remain together."
"I didn't find out we all decided to attend until Brianna made the commitment," stated Ellison. "When I heard her decision it definitely added to the excitement."
Perhaps some things are meant to be. Ellison and Nare met on the soccer field the summer before their freshmen year of high school during a camp. It didn't take long for the two to become friends. Not only did the friendship between them develop during the course of the year, but together they helped lead their team to multiple league championships while at El Toro HS in Lake Forest, Calif.
It was after they began playing club soccer for the Laguna Hills Eclipse that they met fellow Lobo Webster, and the trio was born. Soon enough, they were best friends and brought their chemistry onto the playing field.
That chemistry helped lead their club team to a win over the Eclipse Select of Illinois on July 25, in Overland Park, Kan. for the U-18 National Championship. They describe the victory among the greatest thrills they've experienced while playing soccer, and they hope to expand upon those thrills while at UNM.
"The thrill of a victory is always sweeter when shared with friends," said Webster, "Having my teammates here with me will make everything much more fun, even the tough parts such as new challenges and being pushed to different levels."
The challenges, however, will only serve to make a trio of already talented freshmen even better and make an impressive Lobo women's soccer team a bigger threat come Fall.
The season is fast approaching, and with it new challenges to be encountered, but the teammates look forward to new experiences and sharing the field with each other once again. Game time comes closer with each passing day, but the girls are prepared to face each obstacle that may come their way. Not only as friends, but as a trio that was destined to play in the Cherry and Silver.


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Trading With Automated Forex Trading Systems
Automated Forex Trading Systems has become very popular in the last few years with the introduction of computer and broadband internet access giving online real-time update of currency data into price charting for the forex market. Is it easy to achieve success through automatic forex trading with some programming software which they called it as forex robot or forex expert advisor (EA)? Are there forex traders who can achieved consistent profitable result through the implementation of Automated Forex Trading Systems? Which automated forex trading system or forex trading robot should you be choosing from the vast amount of offer in the forex market in order to help you with consistent profits without lifting your hand after installing the software? Is the software suitable to implement in the forex trading platform that you are current using? Well, these are the questions we shall go in selecting for a suitable and profitable Automated Forex Trading Systems.
Does Automated Forex Trading Systems Exist In This Word?
First of all, let us assess whether the auto forex trading system does exist and whether if it achieved what most sellers claimed .
Unfortunately very few, only 5% of traders achieve this goal. One of the main reasons of this is because Forex traders focus in the wrong information to make their trading decisions and totally forget about the most important factor, the Price behavior.
Most Automated Forex trading systems are made off technical indicators (a moving average (MA) crossover, overbought/oversold conditions in an oscillator, etc.) But what are technical indicators? They are just a series of data points plotted in a chart; these points are derived from a mathematical formula applied to the price of any given currency pair. In other words, it is a chart of price plotted in a different way that helps us see other aspects of price.
There is an important implication on this definition of technical indicators. The fact that the readings obtained from the automated forex trading system are based on price action. Take for instance a long MA crossover signal, the price has gone up enough to make the short period MA crossover the long period MA generating a long signal.
Most traders see it as "the MA crossover made the price go up," but it happened the other way around, the MA crossover signal occurred because the price went up. Where I'm trying to get here is that at the end, price behavior dictates how an indicator will act, and this should be taken into consideration on any trading decision made.
Trading decisions based on automated forex trading system technical indicators without taking price action into consideration will give us less accurate results. For example, again a long signal generated by a MA crossover as the market approaches an important resistance level.
If the price suddenly starts to bounce back off that important level there is no point on taking this signal, price action is telling us the market doesn't want to go up. Most of the time, under this circumstances, the market will continue to fall down, disregarding the MA crossover.
Don't get me wrong here, technical indicators are a very important aspect of trading. They help us see certain conditions that are otherwise difficult to see by watching pure price action. But when it comes to pull the trigger, price action incorporation into our automated Forex trading system will definitely put the odds in our favor, it will generate higher probability trades.
So, how to create a perfect Automated Forex trading systems?
First of all, you need to make sure your automated forex trading system fits your trading personality; otherwise you will find it hard to follow it. Every trader has different needs and goals, thus there is no system that perfectly fits all traders. You need to make your own research on various trading styles and technical indicators until you find a concept that perfectly works for you. Make sure you know the nature of whatever technical indicator used.
Secondly, incorporate price action into your system. So you only take long signals if the price behavior tells you the market wants to go up, and short signals if the market gives you indication that it will go down.
Third, and most importantly, you need to have the discipline to follow your automated Forex trading system rigorously. Try it first on a demo account, then move on to a small account and finally when feeling comfortably and being consistent profitable apply your system in a regular account.


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Pretty interesting. Goldman Sachs evaluates the impact of the Finance Committee health care bill, the House bill, and no bill on the value of insurance stocks over the next 10 years. They focused on the impact of Wall Street's biggest insurance stocks: Aetna, UnitedHealth, WellPoint, CIGNA and Humana.
The best scenario for the insurance companies is doing nothing:
The study's authors advise that if no reform is passed, earnings per share would grow an estimated ten percent from 2010 through 2019, and the value of the stock would rise an estimated 59 percent during that time period.
The second best scenario, which they use as a "baseline" and which they give the best chance of passage, is the Senate Finance bill:
The Senate Finance Committee bill, which Goldman's analysts conclude is the version most likely to survive the legislative process, is described as the "base" scenario. Under that legislation (which did not include a public plan) the earnings per share for the top five insurers would grow an estimated five percent from 2010 through 2019. And yet, the "variance with current valuation" — essentially, what the value of the stock is on the market — is projected to drop four percent.
Their "bull scenario" is the Senate bill "watered down":
The next best thing for the insurance industry would be if the legislation passed by the Senate Finance Committee is watered down significantly. Described as a "bull case" scenario — in which there is "moderation of provisions in the current SFC plan" or "changes prior to the major implementation in 2013″ — earnings per share for the five biggest insurers would grow an estimated ten percent and the variance with current valuation would rise an estimated 47 percent.
According to Jon Walker, "weakening" probably entails having the individual mandate strengthened, community rating range expanded to 1-5 again, transparency elements eliminated, and regulation weakened in addition to removing excise tax on insurance and the Medicare Advantage provisions.
And the worst case scenario? The House version of the public option:
This is, the firm deems, the "bear case" scenario — in which earnings per share for the top five insurers would decline an estimated one percent from 2010 through 2019 and the variance with current valuation is projected to be negative 36 percent.
Goldman estimates the chance of passing some form of health care reform at 75%, which I would guess is probably about right.
If Goldman is right, this means the CBO projections were way off, and Jon Walker's evaluation of the impact of the public plan in the House bill is probably much more accurate.
Goldman claims that the report "was analytic not advocacy-based." Which might be somewhat believable were their "fantasy future bill" not included. It's hard to look at this as anything but advocacy on their part to apply political pressure to weaken and pass the Senate Finance Committee bill, because it's highly unlikely that no health care bill will be passed.