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July 28, 2015
It's not the death penalty that's sparking a controversy in the Texas legislature, it's an art exhibit about the death penalty.
State Representative Borris Miles, a Democrat, has taken down a painting of a man hanging from a rope and an illustration of a man strapped to an electric chair, titled, "Doing God's Work." They were part of an exhibit in the Capitol building organized by a group opposed to executions. Miles spotted them as he walked through with his young children. He says there ought to be limits.
The lawmaker who sponsored the group says it doesn't matter to him whether the offending pictures are there or not. But the group, the Texas Moratorium Network, says Miles overreacted.
Moratorium president Scott Cobb says some of the art was created by inmates on death row and says the purpose is to call attention to the death penalty. Cobb says, "Nobody has the right to take down what they don't like." Still his group has agreed not to put the pictures back up.
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Croydex AM160622YW White No Drips Bath Curtain with a Curtain Clip
Offer Ends
Technical Specs
|Country Of Origin
|Product Weight
No Drips Bath Curtain with a Curtain Clip
Dating back to our beginnings in 1919, Croydex, then trading as the New Croydon Rubber Company, was well known as a key supplier of household items to the ironmongery and housewares trades. Although times have changed, Croydex continues to prosper in these markets and has developed to become a recognized brand of bathroom accessories and fittings. We have now celebrated more than 90 years of successful business. Based in Andover, Hampshire, Croydex currently occupies a 5-acre site, with extensive purpose built warehousing and on-site manufacturing facilities with production for shower curtains, rods and rails. The quality of product remains paramount to the business and this is evident from the emphasis we place on standards. Directly employed Quality Assurance teams span across the UK, Europe and Far East. Regular inspections are carried out ensuring that every product supplied to our customers meets the very highest of standards. Our very own in-house design team creates leading edge new products with manufacturing partners on site in England and around the globe, combining style and innovation with quality and value, to meet the demands of an ever-changing competitive market.
Ideal for use with showers over baths to create a 'barrier' to help keep the water inside your bath. It is quick and easy to fit, subtly blends in with your existing décor.
- Height: 4.92''
- Width: 4.92''
- No Drips with Curtain Clip
Additional Croydex Links
- View Manufacturer Warranty
- Shop All Croydex Products
Our SKU: AM160622
This product is listed under the following manufacturer number(s):
- White
*Denotes a finish or option that has been discontinued

subset: commoncrawl


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Crypton Doodle Dog Pet Bed Is Bright And Comfy
The Crypton Doodle Dog Pet Bed is one of the cutest pet beds out there and even I feel like lounging around on it and procrastinate. Available in bright and funky colors like red, orange, blue etc, the bed infuses a sense of style in the animal kingdom! Thanks to the patented technology by Crypton, the bed is eco-friendly and even stain, moisture, odor and bacteria resistant. Available in two convenient sizes (small and medium), the bed is easy to maintain and washable. You can purchase the Crypton Doodle Dog Pet Bed from Design Public and prices start at $100.


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20 Stunning 3D character Model designs for your inspiration
We have added 20 best 3d character model designs for your inspiration. In today's film 3D animation is a very common part. You pick any good movie you can find at least 15 minutes of CG elements. And for this lots of 3D animators are needed. Actually CG graphics have become popular because it creates a virtual world which is crafted with fantasy. In this post we have added 27 best 3D character designs for your inspiration.
See Full post here


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garment washed sheet sets
for hot summer nights, they're the most comfortable—and I have a white crocheted coverlet that I can't wait to drape over them.
titan galvanized planter
they're perfect for a city balcony since they create a soft wall and give some privacy in a nice, neighborly way—they're also a lot of look for less.
bicycle basketit's very functional—easy to lift off and take groceries to the kitchen— and sporty in basic black mesh, like fishnets, that go with everything.
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Croham Hotel Reviews
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The rating percentage is calculated from customers who booked within the last 12 months.
All ratings and reviews are based on the feedback and opinions of the customers who submitted them and do not express the opinions of Hostelworld.com. This way, you get an up-to-the-minute opinion of just how good a hostel really is.
Read our review guidelines »
Very disappointed in this hotel. When I joked about having to pay for the internet I was told I was lucky not to have to pay for towels. I wouldn't recommend this hotel at all.
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Ice Hockey
Field Hockey
Board Sports
Track & Field
Sponsored Partner
Sports Medicine
Baseball players should be strength training regularly throughout the year to maximize their results. Hitting, pitching, running, and throwing are all explosive skills that require a foundation of pure strength.
I believe many coaches and players mistakenly focus on the forearms and shoulders to build these skills. The arms act more like the end of a whip in throwing and hitting, but are not the source of power.
Baseball skills generate almost all of their power through the legs and core, and that is where most of training in the weight room should focus on. This is not to say upper body strength is useless, just that it sits in 3rd place in terms of performance needs.
Some extra emphasis on shoulder stability would be wise, particularly for pitchers. Challeinging grip strength drills will further stabilize the shoulder joint, and their incorporation into a workout plan is recommended.
Olympic lifts, plus plyometrics for the arms, legs and core should be a staple of training. Great care must be taken with technique and exercise selection for all of these categories to ensure it does not cause shoulder or knee problems.
Building muscle mass is a low priority for younger baseball players, unless there is a major deficiency that is limiting performance. Major league ball players did not get to where they are because they trained to get big before anything else. You shouldn't be taking that path, either.
Flexibility work should also be a target, particularly if limited functional movement is detected.
Finally, you should emphasize plenty of rotational strength and power work, as skills like hitting and pitching, in particular, are rotational movements that require stregnth with the muscles that move you in this direction.
(Interested in a free initial asessment and 14-day trial membership to our Leominster, MA facility? Register here and we will be in touch ASAP!)
Reaction-based quickness in all directions, and sprint speed are the keys to baseball movement training. A lower emphasis should be placed on cutting and other open-field agility techniques, as they are rarely used.
Reactionary training should be a blend of making perfect footwork an automatic skill, along with hand-eye coodination work to simulate hitting and fielding needs. Both lower body and upper body quickness are necessary to excel in baseball.
Sprint speed is key not only for evaluation purposes with college and pro scouts, but also for many game skills like base runnung, base stealing, and tracking fly balls. Sound acceleration mechanics are essential to reach the higher levels of the sport. And your running stride should be made as efficient as possible to maximize your speed potential.
The top 2 injury sites for baseball are the shoulder and ankle, which both can be protected through a sound workout plan. Problems can also come up with getting hit by pitches, but you really can't prevent that from training.
Tommoy John surgery, rotator cuff and labrum tears are all too prevalent for pitchers these days. A sound training program that builds true strength and stability throughout the lower body and core will lessen the stress put on these weaker regions. From there, additonal strengthening of the upper torso and shoulder girdle will further lessen your chance of injury.
A greater emphasis on ankle, hip and knee stability training for baseball would help to lessen the rate of ligament sprains, or at least minimize the damage from collisions when they occur. Functional strength exercises are much better choices than machines for stabilization.
Muscle pulls, particularly to the hamstrings, are also preventable issues. A comprehensive warm up before practices and games would help, as would an off-season workout with greater emphasis on training the muscles on the backside of the body, and not just the ones you look at in the mirror.
If ever there was a sport where young players should get an early jump on developing hand-eye coordination, this is it. Simple games and competitions that incorporate hand-eye enhancement can make training fun and valuable for those age 10 and under.
Balance and bodyweight strength training are also beneficial for young baseball players. Both are safe and effective parts of a workout plan for kids at this age.
Kids should be active and moving around as often as possible, whether in structured programs of just free play, to gain more coordination, and to discover how to run more efficiently. With just a little guidance these youngsters can make great gains in their movement skills over time.
Drills that incorporate reactive quickness would also really help to further a promising young baseball player's future.
Pitchers should use all of the injury-prevention advice given above to stay healthy and strong, plus take a sound approach to conditioning. This will help them to maintain their mechanics for higher pitch counts. Interestingly, core and leg stregnth would probably help more here than long-distance running.
Catchers need outstanding functional flexibility in the lower body to stay healthy and productive over time. Limitations at the ankle or hip joint can lead to knee problems that could have been averted. Corrective exercises should be used for anyone with poor range of motion.
Infielders need high levels of reactive quickness and lateral movement speed. Speed and power training should be used to enhance their natural abilities, as most infielders are likely to already have quicker than average reflexes.
Outfielders need a greater emphasis on acceleration and sprint mechanics, on top of reactive quickness. They cover the most ground of the field, and rely on a combination of quick jumps and sprint speed to track down fly balls.
Slumps and other thinking-based drains on game performance are common in baseball. Players who are clear about their goals, both on a team and personal level, are always more likely to be able to withstand eventual downturns in their play.
Sports Axiology is an exciting new program that helps athletes to improve their decision making on the field. And many times, these positive changes carry over to making better choices off the field, too.
Power Source will soon unveil this powerful service for athletes in and around Massachusetts.
Baseball Training at Power Source
Massachusetts athetes ages 7-10 will gain a base of quickness, hand-eye coordination, and athleticism with our age-appropriate young athlete development program.
Strength and power development targeted for baseball players is available in our elite workout programs for age 11-14 athletes, and ages 15+. These also incorporate all of the injury prevention concepts we target above.
We also run speed clinics, mostly for Massachusetts and New Hampshire teams. The most appropriate programs Power Source has for baseball teams are the Game Speed 101 (1st step quickness & lateral movement), 102 and 405 (beginner and advanced sprint speed) clinics
Power Source Training Centers, Inc., 12 Sawtelle Road Leominster, MA, 01453
Phone: 978.798.1391 – E-Mail: email@example.com
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|Top - 4ever young
Capris - thriftedBoots - John Fluevog, ebay
I'd start my own personal shopping business. Not just limited to clothing, but helping people who are unable to pick up dry cleaning, go grocery shopping, make that extra stop in their day.
Or read for a living, but that involves writing.
2. What draws you to this?
I'm good at shopping. I always have been. I can find great deals, know how to utilize coupons. I like helping people, but not in the traditional sense. I prefer to work with individuals who need my help rather than try to sell product or credit cards to customers who just want to buy their stuff and get out of my store.
3. When did you first start dreaming about this ideal?
I've only recently realized I want to do this, but it's kind of been ruminating back there in the old noggin all along.
4. What's holding you back from going all in?
No driver's license. No business license, no money to start up, no idea if there's even a need for this service. Fear of the current economy. I think the question is what is pushing this forward?
5. Sometimes the first step is the hardest… what's one step you can take now on the way to realizing your dream?
I suppose getting off my butt and signing up for a small business class out at the college or getting my driver's license. I also feel like I need to finish my degree before setting off on my own business adventure. Priorities just haven't skewed that way yet. Maybe someday.
I'm spending today in "sweats". I'm feeling a bit under the weather. But hey, I do have a new book to read and some tortellini in the fridge begging to be made into chicken "noodle" soup.


text: I have two 1994 Mustang dealer promotionals left to sell. First, Thank you to those members who purchased models from me from my last ad. Secondly about the cars: These are from my private collection, purchased from the Ford dealership in 1994 when the new Mustangs were released. The Red and the Yellow colors were the only colors offered in 1994. Both are Mint in the original box, 1/25 scale by the AMT corp. (the industry standard), and are much more highly detailed and somewhat more scarce than the Corvette and Camaro issues which were also modelled (lets face it, a more interesting subject also). These were the first Mustangs offered as dealer promotionals since 1975 (except for a rare 1981 issue that was rather poorly done by another company). Asking $30 each plus shipping, please. Absolutely no disappointments on these . Finally, I do have one 1994 Mustang unbuilt, still factory sealed AMT model kit (for those of you who want to build your own or just keep it in its present state) for the same price. Please write to [email protected] if interested in any of these models. Thanks, Bruce in Ohio near Cleveland.


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The Department of Defense announced today the death of a soldier who was supporting Operation Iraqi Freedom.
Spc. Jacob R. Herring, 21, of Kirkland, Wash., died April 28, in Mosul, Iraq, from injuries sustained when an improvised explosive device in Talafar, Iraq struck his vehicle. Spc. Herring was assigned to the Armys 5th Battalion, 20th Infantry Regiment, 3rd Brigade Combat Team, 2nd Infantry Division, Fort Lewis, Wash.
The incident is under investigation.
For further information related to this release, contact Army Public Affairs at (703) 692-2000.


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60,000 Interactive LED Lights Mimic the Powerful Sun
Flatsun is an interactive installation that simulates the surface of the Sun, based on a variety of Lozano-Hemmer's mathematical equations. The circular panel is 4.5 feet in diameter and is a representation of the Sun, but one billion times smaller than the real thing.
See more at My Modern Met.


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After watching his second consecutive city budget get rewritten on the fly by his colleagues on council last week, Coun. Mike Del Grande stepped down from his post as budget chief. He quit suddenly, prompting a messy round of finger pointing and blame.
Even worse, his resignation came only a day after the budget chief had to sit in council chamber and watch as Mayor Rob Ford — his boss — voted to blow up the budget Del Grande had spent thousands of hours pulling together over the last year. Ford surprised everyone when he supported a wildcard motion by Coun. Giorgio Mammoliti to freeze property taxes for 2013, based on an assumption that the city could replace that lost revenue with a floating casino.
Thankfully, in his bid to support Mammoliti's casino boat, the mayor lost. The next day, he lost his budget chief, too.
Del Grande deserved better.
I say that even though I disagreed with virtually everything he did as budget chief. Del Grande approached the job with a set of priorities that didn't really gel with the reality of the city's fiscal situation. He appeared to want to be the guy to save Toronto from an economic apocalypse, but instead he inherited a huge surplus, very manageable debt levels and a top-flight credit rating.
But that didn't stop him from moving forward, proselytizing for a budgetary doomsday that showed no sign of ever showing up.
Sure, he reduced city hall's reliance on prior-year surplus money to balance the budget, but it's hard to call that progress when it was achieved through budgeting that didn't really consider service levels or Toronto's growth. It doesn't make much sense to cheer on fiscal sustainability when, at the same time, infrastructure crumbles, the TTC is still at crush load for much of the day and the affordable housing waiting list lurches toward 200,000 people.
But that's just me. Others, I know, feel differently.
And that's kind of the point. If you step away from policy and ideology, Del Grande was probably the best budget chief the Ford administration could have asked for. Unlike some politicians, he took the job incredibly seriously, approaching it with an unshakeable determination.
He was also loyal, sometimes to a fault. Translating the vague and often contradictory ideas coming out of Ford's office onto his budget ledger had to be a frustrating task, but Del Grande did his best to make it work. And he stood by as a reliable vote even as the mayor exploded the goodwill and command of council he was elected with. Through it all, Del Grande was there to support the guy who hired him.
It's just too bad the reverse wasn't true.


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This week, our Legislative family took a road trip to join more than 2,000 people at a Community Listening Session at Fort Leonard Wood in Lebanon, Missouri. The session allowed for community members and elected officials to speak out against planned cuts in employment at the military base.
Iraq's Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities says Islamic State militants "bulldozed" the Nimrud archaeological site near the northern city of Mosul using heavy military vehicles.
Apparently platinum is the new brunette.Not to be outdone by Kim Kardashian, who showed...
Winter could have at least one more blast for much of the U.S. after the late-season snow stops falling: Record low temperatures are in the forecast for dozens of cities.
A plane from Atlanta skidded off a runway at LaGuardia Airport while landing Thursday, crashing through a chain-link fence and coming to rest with its nose perilously close to the edge of an icy bay.
- Events Calendar


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Speakeasy starts
Our Speakeasy company return tonight, with a large number of new members and a brief to write for a number of projects throughout the rest of this year and into next.
Speakeasy is a 20-strong collective of young writers who gather every Friday to develop their imaginations, skills and style with the writers and directors Brian Mullin and Guy Jones. Last year the group produced work for the 100 word plays, which we published online and the Word 2012 festival.
Supported by Islington Giving, the company is stronger than ever this year. We'll be producing their work in readings and showings just before Christmas, in March and throughout the Word 2013 festival.


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(Photo by Lee Talbert/Johnson City Press)
The tents are up. The lights are going in. The staging is being assembled and all over Jonesborough preparations are in full swing for this weekend's 41st annual International Storytelling Festival.
"We start about two weeks out," Susan O'Connor, director of programs for the International Storytelling Center said on Monday. "It takes eight days to set up the tents. We started last week and the last tent went up today behind the courthouse.
"The crew is out now setting up the lighting and staging. Then comes the tables and chairs. It's a work in progress."
With a pre-festival concert by Southern teller Donald Davis set to begin 7:30 p.m. Wednesday in the Library Tent on Sabin Drive, the setup is happening in the nick of time.
O'Connor said the town is expected to begin filling up on Thursday morning with the opening of guest registration at the International Storyteller Center, Christopher Taylor Park and the Jonesborough Visitors Center.
And Thursday night there will be a Get the Party Started concert featuring the music and stories of Grammy winning folk artist Tim O'Brien and balladeer Nora Jane Struthers also in the Library Tent located between the Washington County Library and Jonesborough Visitors Center. The concert will begin at 7:30. Tickets are $20 and may be purchased in advance at the Storytelling Center offices on Main Street or at the tent Thursday night.
The festival will get under way Friday morning and continue through Sunday afternoon with 19 featured tellers performing in five giant circus tents set up throughout the downtown historic district, all accessible by one or two day festival passes ranging in price from $45 for Sunday only to $130 for Saturday and Sunday.
Festival passes are also good for admission to
- Meet the Tellers, autograph sessions with many of festival's featured tellers to be held in the Marketplace Tent Saturday from 11:15 to 4 p.m. and Sunday from 10:30 a.m. to 12:15 p.m.
- Swappin' Ground, open-mic sessions in Storytelling Park where anyone can tell a story by signing up at the Christopher Taylor Cabin Friday from noon to 5 p.m., Saturday from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. and Sunday from noon to 3
- Story Slam, a competitive 5-minute story telling duel among seven invited tellers starting at 5:30 p.m. Saturday in the Creekside Tent
- And Exchange Place Tellers, a showcase of six specially invited tellers to begin at 5:30 p.m. Friday in the College Street Tent.
In addition to Davis' Wednesday night concert and Thursday Get the Party Started concert, events accessible by separate, non-festival tickets include Friday and Saturday Ghost Stories on the ground at Mill Spring Park with Gayle Ross, Jon Spellman and other featured tellers; and Friday and Saturday night's Midnight Cabaret, featuring the music and stories of Elizabeth Ellis with special guests Michael Reno Hall and Kim Weitkamp and The Broken Bucket Band. Ghost stories will be held from at 8 both nights and tickets are $10. Midnight Cabaret will begin at 10:30 both nights and tickets are $20.
Storytelling Studio, intimate, behind the scenes conversations with five the festival's featured tellers, Donald Davis, Milbre Burch, Diane Ferlatte Ed Stivender and Syd Lieberman, will be held in the Mary B. Martin Storytelling Hall Saturday at 10 a.m., 11 a.m. and 2:30 p.m. and Sunday at 11:30 a.m. Tickets are $15 per session and seating is very limited.
Yarnspinners' Party, an annual benefit for the International Storytelling Center that celebrates all the festivals' featured tellers with food, music and more, will be held Saturday night from 5 to 7 in the Storyteller center's Parlor and upper level plaza. Tickets are $100.
For a complete schedule, festival brochures are available at the Jonesborough Visitors Center, the Storyteller Center, shops all over Jonesborough and online at www.storytellingcenter.net.


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Recent posts
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I stumbled across this arch yesterday while on the main road through mexico, as you can see chuparossa and barranca are in the background. It appeared just after the mission 'Cowards die many times' but it had disappeared when I returned several missions later, this is my fourth playthrough of the single player campaign and I have never seen it before. It's a simple wooden arch, just like those in settlements but it has black and white flags hanging below, which leads me to think that it might be some sort of race. It's probably just a spawning glitch or something but I cant help wondering if it's some sort of easter egg, if any of you guys have seen this arch before in game or in any western movies let me know please.Read more >
I've been trying to get back onto RDR MP, but I can't get into free roam, it just loads, and that's it, I've heard other players whilst on the loading screen, but I can't seem to get into the lobbies, am I trying at the wrong time of day, or something? Does anyone know if something's up with the servers?Read more >
I am a legendary Rank 5 50 (Legit) I want to be able to have some people to play with on RDR (no hacks or mods allowed)
I want fair game players!
PSN: Psychoclown25Read more >
I know it's kind of a stupid question, but, what was Irish's location in Nuevo Paraíso after he abandons John? Or what was his purpose in going to Mexico in the first place?What makes me ask me this is when Irish says "Off I go to greener pastures". Plus in the newspaper that Jack can read, it says "Outhouse in Thieves' Landing". So he obviously returned to the United States. Another question I lay my mind on. Why did he return to the United States? Any answer will be accepted. Thank youRead more >
Considering that the games main selling point was that it entered the weird-and-wacky world of fiction of the 19th century, blending Rockstar's own classic grim humour with supernatural references, I don't think they really touched upon the latter. For the most part, you were fighting Zombies - Zombie Bears, Zombie Cougars, Heavy Zombies, Fast Zombies, etc. You didn't really fight anything but that - which, I suppose, was kind of the point.
But, early on, you get to hunt Sasquatches - an obvious supernatural creature - and you meet a reincarnation of a Mexican god, which takes it a step further from the whole undead Armageddon. Which left me wondering - why didn't they add in MORE supernatural creatures? They could very easily have referenc…Read more >
I'm getting better, I mean, I can walk now, so that's good. But I wonder what people think when they see me... I mean not my face, but my parents.
I know one accepts me, but it'll be a cold day in hell before I back down. I'm tired and have been in and out of hospital. So yeah, I'm not sure what to think.
I'll sleep on it.Read more >
I don't care anymore, life's shit, and my parents don't like me crossdressing, well fuck them.
As far as I care, they can go fuck themselves, I'll wear what I want to wear, it makes me no less of a man, what the fuck have they against crossdressers? My girlfriend is being annoying and I'm fighting every day now.
I don't care.Read more >
Hey, I'm TurboChargedRDR and I'm probably going to be on here a lot!
I don't really know anything about the wiki, but I like helping so I'll make edits and if anyone needs help they can just ask.
Also I play Red Dead Redemption on the Xbox 360 and Playstation 3.Read more >
For some reason with this game I just can't stop playting. I mean yeah I take breaks here and there, playing other games for a bit. I first borrowed it from a friend, shortly there after I downloaded the DLC's for it. About six months went by, still playing, and he asked for it back. The next week or so I went out and purchased my own copy. Downloaded the rest of the DLC's for it, introuducing me to Undead Nightmare and Undead Overrun. I played it day and night when i was not working, which is a lot of time. Back then I worked 13 hour shifts, two days on two days off and no Sundays.
Some time passed and I had an urge to play it. When I looked for it, I couldn't find it anywhere. Needless to say I wasn't very happy, someone had stolen it fr…Read more >
This is the myth of tumbleweed being haunted by evil spirits this myth is the largest myth of red dead redemption
to understand
this myth we have to look at pictures of tumbleweed itself here is a picture of it
Read more >
next up the sightings and evidence first off many people have posted pictures of the ghost itself lets check out one second in the ingame newspaper there is a part where it says tumbleweed haunted? sorry i couldnt find a picture you can still buy the newspaper in the game now lets check out a invensigation this was NOT made by me Now for my opinion about the myth this myth is 89 percent true
So I have Red Dead Redemption & Red Dead Redemption: Undead Nightmare on PS3, both digital copies, and I've 100%'d both the regular game and the Undead expansion. I had a break for a few months whilst playing other games, and I've just come back to it and every time I load up Undead Nightmare, it freezes. The regular game works fine online and offline, but no matter how many times I try to play Undead Nightmare, it loads me up at El Presidio (where I last saved), then a few seconds later it says 'Rathskeller Fork has come under attack from the Undead hordes' and then it freezes. Is this happening to anyone else? And why is it happening?
Sam.Read more >
Hey guys, I know you probably don't know me because I'm not a big editor here, but I need help from people who play RDR on PS3. Can I have like 5 people to come online with me at some point soon so I can get some of the online trophies that I need? Including 'Posse Up', 'Go Team!', 'The Quick and Everyone Else...', 'Slow on the Draw' etc. I'm about 70% through the trophies and I'd like to platinum it soon, so I just need a trophy clean up, which includes all those awkward online trophies...
My PSN ID is dotcommer, please get back to me ASAP.
Sammy.Read more >
What I like about Red Dead series is that they're a lot awesome.Read more >
I have bin playin UN single player recently and about after 5 10 15mins max my game glitches and either zombie's, survivor or both lose their heads(They come invis) and if I save I have to restart the game and it doesnt save. Also wen this happens the horses of the apocolypse that I find have no saddle and kick me off. Its bin since june 2014Read more >
This is for xbox 360 players(I dont know about ps3) but RDR has been updated and fixed but a few glitches were patched. The invincible glitch is possible but harder cuz it takes longer to change weapons after throwing dynamite. The outside of the map glitch is totes patched without the unpatch glitch or mods. Well I kinda regret saying that stuff about R* guess they r good after all.Read more >
I shit thee not.
Apparently there's been an update to the game and it supposedly fixes some things in Multiplayer. R* does not have anything on their website about it, but several friends have confirmed they were asked to update when starting the game today. If R* does post something, I will link to it.
I have only found a video from GLITCHED MATRIX mentioning it, but I will not post it since I'm kind of annoyed that he's trying to "help" fix the MP that he himself introduced the RDR Apocalyse mod into, ruining it in the first place.
Please update the game and let us know about your MP experiences.
Here's hoping we have our game back.Read more >
The hand guns in Red Dead Redemption seemed fairly well balanced in terms of what the various types had to offer, even if they didn't all share the performances of their real life counterparts/inspirations. Were it son, the Cattleman i.e. the Colt Single Action with its .45 Long Colt ammo, would have much improved stopping power, the High Power pistol would be a tad bit weaker, and the admittedly cool looking Volcaninc pistol would likely be the weakest of the bunch.
However, every shooter needs a hand cannon, no? Maybe not, and like I said the hand guns felt well balanced in Red Dead Redemption, so that the in-game High Power and Mauser sort of performed the task of a powerful hand gun nonetheless. Still, in an imagined Red Dead Redemption…Read more >
To anyone who still edits this wiki and can see this I just wanna say that R* is the most fucked up game producing company I've ever known. All their games have been FUCKED. Even Mojang, Supercell EVEN the creators of Terraria r better. R* have just fucked up their games and dont give a shit about them. They have technically conned us(Dont no how to spell it) by makin us pay for their games then letting them get fucked up. They have no faith in their games OR customers. So u agree?Read more >
Rockstar Games has revealed the effect that the upcoming closure of GameSpy servers will have on its library of Xbox 360 and PS3 games.
"We want to give everyone a quick update on the actions we're taking in light of GameSpy and GLU Mobile's decision to shut down their backend servers this coming May 31," Rockstar writes on its support page. "While Grand Theft Auto V is unaffected, our teams are currently working to patch specific older titles to keep the transition as smooth as possible and minimize the impact to online-enabled play and your in-game experience.
"The majority of changes will be in the form of Rockstar Games Social Club services, including stat tracking and leaderboards."
Red Dead Redemption / RDR Game of the Year Edition / RD…Read more >
i'd love to see an RDR 2, but I wonder what the story could be, personally I'd like to one set in the modern day, say 2011/2014, you could play as Jack's great-grandson or something, for some reason I wouldn't mind seeing the difference between the RDR world of 1911/1914 and 2011/2014Read more >
i hear there is going to be a rdr 2. i wonder if thats true. comments pleeazRead more >
RDR multiplayer is great and all, but I'd like to see a bit more in it, i know its a pipe dream, but still i would like to see these
OK, the mounts are great in multiplayer, but you're a bit limited as to which mounts you can get, I would like to see a few more, such as the Tobiano Pinto.
You can turn on and off golden guns whenever you want in single player, i'd like to be able to do that in multiplayer, just because I've unlocked a golden gun doesn't mean I want to be stuck with it, I might want to use the normal-coloured version sometimes!
I do believe R* was planning on having little train robbery "missions" in free roam, I would like to do these, they sound like a good idea, and I'd also like to be able to ride trains like in single play…
Read more >
I've been noticing just lately there has been quite bad lag, of course it's not on a scale like RuneScape, where the lag is so bad sometimes the game is unplayable, but RDR never used to have a lot of lag, it was only recently, in the past few days, i noticed it has been lagging, it's not so much damaging to game play, but it is visually distracting and annoying, it makes the character "stutter" whilst moving, it's all choppy and movements aren't smooth like normal.
What is causing this? I even get it on private matches, when there's no-one else in the lobby!Read more >
Or is it just me? Sure the area and time of Redemption is violent, and quite dangerous unless you watch yourself, but also beautiful, no denying it, places like Mexico, the Great Plains and along the San Luis River are beautiful for example, I would like to live in region and time, even with all the violence, robbers, wild animals etc, especially Mexico, Mexico has sun, tequila and senoritas, beautiful countryside etc, sounds like just what the doctor ordered, lol! ;)Read more >
I hate how this game multiplayer takes FOREVER to load. Yes it's amazing and worth the wait but still it seriously doesn't need to take THAT long!!!Read more >
Hello,guys i am joint founder of a Red Dead Redemption posse 'Great Gunslingers' (GG) My co-founder's Wiki Profile is 'Jack Anderson' go check it out.
My Gamertag : GG Golden
Jack's Gamertag : GG Champion
Message us on Xbox 360 as we may be recruiting and we will set your skills to the test !Read more >
My new gamertag will be GG CHAMPIONSRead more >
[PLEASE DELETE THIS THIS WAS ACCIDENTAL I DID NOT MEAN TO DOUBLE POST]Read more >
I purchased the game yesterday and went to find an online session....nobody was to be found not a soul I tried searching for a new free roam multiple times but still found no one does anyone here have RDR for PS3? i'd really love to find some people to play it with.Read more >
Well guys I think we have to give up on RDR multiplayer and move on to a different game. This glitch has overrun multiplayer and maybe singleplayer(Haven't played it much recently) so RDR is gone and done for. It has been wrecked. Unless Rockstar stop being bitches then RDR is done for.
Wat do u guys think?Read more >
This page has been created to get Rockstar games to take us Gamers seriously.
We want the game Red Dead Redemption, created by Rockstar Games immediately take the necessary actions to ensure that the game is up and running again. So we gamers who love this game can keep playing it on.
We would therefore like to invite as many people as possible join us in this group, each of us means nothing, only together we become stronger and Rockstar will have to take us seriously and actually do something about it!
Follow the link :
https://www.facebook.com/groups/fixreddead/Read more >
EEK nearly christmas guys can't wait yay! Recently been playin on RDR shooting ppl it's amazing as all ways! K that's all from today's post I'll keep u lot updated!Read more >
I just thought I'd leave this here, just wondering what you thought about this idea: A sequel to Red Dead Redemption taking place in the 1920s/Prohibition era, starring Jack Marston. NOTICE: This is my idea, this is NOT a sequel announcement.
Basically, I was thinking of placing it in the world map as RDR, possibly with additional areas. The game would have a number of points where the player can either get involved with the mob or become a government agent (or possibly PI). The mission structure will vary depending on the player's choices, i.e. smuggling alcohol, fighting rival gangs as a gangster or busting speakeasies and stopping cross-border smuggling as an agent. I also envision the game starting with a "tutorial level" featuring Jack…Read more >
John Marston and I had just come off Butter Bridge one day, trotting nonchalantly toward McFarlane Ranch train station. We ended up in the Twilight Zone instead. We had just passed the triangle where Red Train stops to let Blue Train pass. Red Train was about a half mile behind us, chugging up the steep hill in Mexico toward the bridge. I was waiting for it to catch up because I wanted to see whether it would do its collision thing with Blue Train which was chugging toward the other triangle over on the north side of the ranch. These collisions are rare but I had seen one recently and I was trying to re-create the circumstances that might cause another one, angry terrorist that I am. I base this on the fact that Red Train had not stopped a…Read more >
Today I was on youtube and I was watching a RDR video, and I saw the title "Red Dead Redemption alternate ending!!!" so I clicked it and when John is supposed to run through the door he runs the other way and then after a few seconds the people at the door walk away. Eventually you see the Ross guy walking out of the police station in Blackwater and *bang* a bullet goes through his head and then it ends. This could be a mod but the movements were very very fluent and looked professionally done! So if this is true reply I will eventually play through the campaign again but I don't have much time so, yeah! Thanks!Read more >
Well howdy ima professinal ghost hunter for rdr and i have solved 2 myths lake monster true tumbleweed haunted trueRead more >
Never seen a wikia using Achievements before, so there you go.Read more >
Hello Fellow Lovers of Red Read Redemption,
Just a random comment and question for anyone who's interested or passonate on the subject; I think Red Dead Redemption is full of Misogyny and racism; do you think so too? I'm a newb to this game and was curious what y'll think. Thanks!!! P.S. I'm not a troll so don't think I am. I'll actually respond to your posts. Thanks!Read more >
Hello everybody, my name is Brad and I am 33 years old.
I'm in a major rut. All my life I have wondered if there is any point to life, and if there really is a God. I've seen men die, people suffer. It's all too much to take and I know that I cannot take much more. I feel like nothing is real. This world is corrupt and everybody knows it. Some people really worry, others just shrug it off.
I know that this is a Wiki for RDR, but I really need some guidance here. Please, if there are any Christians here on this Wiki, please give me some giudance.
Thank you
BradRead more >
I would like to state right away (although I doubt anyone will believe or even ever see this) that I was the one that made the anonymous edits on the Red Harlow Trivia and the Strange Man Trivia, stating Red's age and Revolver's most likely story year, and the connection that the Strange Man from Redemption is the Angel Of Death (which I made a whole paragraph on). Also, I edited the Mo van Barr page pointing out that he was a likeness of Jim Miller, and the Dark Horse page prooving it's the same horse that was in "3:10 To Yuma" (awesome movie).Read more >
I have a clan in red dead redemption, me and some friends are in on it.So if anybody thinks there good enough contact me on XBOX LIVE (forev3ersuresh0t).You will have a test to see how good you are will have some wars and do some gang hideouts if you are youre able to join. Thanks!!!!!! Our clan name The Rifleman....Read more >
Dutch Van Der Linde awoke before the sun. After throwing off his thick blanket, the cold began setting in almost immediately. He slipped on his boots to cover his exposed feet. He lit a nearby lantern and then stepped to the opening of his tent and found that the Natives had left him not only a nice selection of local berries for breakfast, but one had managed to acquire a copy of The Blackwater Ledger for him. It was more than a few days old, but that didn't bother Dutch, he loved to read and enjoyed current events in particular. Even if he was a little behind the times given his situation.
He sat in a fur-lined chair the Natives had made for him, setting the plate of berries and the newspaper on the table next to the chair. He reached over …Read more >
Wow. Man.. just wow. This fella is a psychopath y'all watch what he's done! Y'all noticed what's hapenning with these pages?! Some crazy contributor dude is roaming through this wiki and is making chaos...this real madnessRead more >
Red Dead Redemption Sequel:
CHAPTER 1: Jack Marston visits Bonnie McFarlane
Jack Marston rides from Beechers Hope one day on his Hungarian-Half Breed also known as the White Stallion. Jack is riding to MacFarlane's Ranch. It's now 1914, Jack is now 19 years old, he is wearing his Rancher Clothing because he was only just feeding his cows straw in the pen not that long ago, now he's riding to MacFarlane's Ranch to go to the General Store to buy some chicken seed for feeding his chickens and hens which he bought at the Manzanita Trading Post not so long after he killed Edgar Ross down at the Mexican Border; the man who gunned down John Marston, Jack's father. Jack remembered that he hadn't seen Bonnie MacFarlane since his father once took him …Read more >
Ok, so a few day ago, I was playing with Chuparosa. I got bored and started a fist fight near the Cantina. Pretty soon, a crowd gathered up around me, some even sided with my opponets.
After a few minutes, the fight went to the other entrance on the cantina (on the left side.) Now, this is where the interesting thing happened. Out of the cantina, I saw Landon Ricketts! At first he seemed to be cheering along with the crowd, but then he actually JOINED the fight. Not against me though, but against me opponets! I was super surprised, but also rather excited!
Anyway, long story short. A gunfight began (it was started by Cornelius Wolfe) and I saw Landon run away.
Intersting, huh? Btw, this happened inbetween the missions Lucky in Love and The Me…Read more >
Well-known cheat ComeAtMeBrah (a.k.a. LordPittsburgh, among others) apparently thinks so, and has posted this vid to prove it:
This video and the text in the description (on YouTube) uses what's called 'framing'. It's a technique by which a charlatan tries to limit the details given to the audience in order to get them to sympathize with his story. His blocking me from commenting on the video is not only further proof of this technique being employed, but the only reason I'm posting a lengthy response here instead of on his YouTube page.
I mean, just look at this video: it has poor, widdle CumAllOverMyFaceBrah, with a KDR of 17/15, having to camp on the hill to defend his bag from the mean ol' modder Hypnotic Coin. Boo-hoo-hoo, right?
With on…
Read more >
Should be fun to jump back into it from the startRead more >
The glass bottle shattered. Drunken men cheered for him. Women clapped. Children tried to get a glimpse. They tried to see a man they had only heard of through whispers. Ol' Larry Jenkins has done it again. Shot the top of the bottle clean off. He chuckles at it and sheathes his pistol. The people shake their heads in amazement as he walks by. He climbs back on his stead and is off! This end of an era for Ol' Larry Jenkins. The Sixty-Six year old outlas has prooved his final point to the community. But how did he get here. Well it all started September 15, 1860. A soon to be historic figure is born. He lived a rough life. Growing up in Macfarlenes Ranch he was exposed to a lot of violence and crime. Those Bollard Twins ruled the county. Sh…Read more >


text:
Posted by
If you're planning on possibly purchasing a Hitachi Magic Wand but:
You may think that your only option is some nasty adult site that shows you way more about the woman's body than you ever really wanted to know.
A site that shows you all of the body parts and fluids involved in sexual encounters and then fills your computer with so many cookies, Nabisco might get jealous.
You are wrong.
There are actually videos available for you to view that are not courtesy of these very x-rated sites that put you in danger of all sorts of nasty things showing up on your computer.
Some of these videos are produced by companies that sell intimate toys and some are made by private parties, some are even made by health institutions.
All you need to do is go to your favorite web browser and type in Hitachi Magic Wand Demo and you will be provided with a list of the demos that are available.
From there, you can scroll through and read the topics that go along with the video and see if there are any that pique your interest. Many of these videos are on sites like Youtube and they can actually help you make your decision.


text:
Buy with confidence
- Money-back Guarantee
- Free shipping on orders $99 and up
- Superb Customer Service
More from Coola
Silky, transparent, age defying, and vitamin/antioxidant-rich, FACE is specially created to protect, hydrate, and soothe delicate facial skin. Formulated with twelve certified organic extracts including Cucumber, Rose Hips, and Comfrey that, among other benefits, help to tighten skin and stimulate healthy tissue growth. Absorbs quickly, leaving a sheer matte protective finish.
TSA APPROVED for travel-1.7oz
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Active Ingredients Avobenzone (Sunscreen) 2.0% Octinoxate (Sunscreen) 2.1% Inactive Ingredients Caprylohydroxamic Acid, Caprylyl Glycol, Carthamus Tinctorius (ORGANIC Safflower) Oleosomes, Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (ORGANIC Orange) Fruit Water, Cucumis Sativus (ORGANIC Cucumber) Fruit Extract, Dicaprylyl Carbonate, Euterpe Oleracea (ORGANIC Acai) Fruit Oil, Fragrance, Glycerin (ORGANIC), Helianthus Annuus (ORGANIC Sunflower) Seed Extract, Hydrogenated Polydecene,Linum Usitatissimum (ORGANIC Linseed) Seed Oil, Oenothera Biennis (ORGANIC Evening Primrose) Oil, Plankton Extract, Propanediol, Sodium Polyacrylodimethyl Taurate, Sodium Stearoyl Glutamate, Trideceth-10, Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate, Water, Xanthan Gum. Organic Ingredients Safflower Olesomes Orange fruit water Cucumber Fruit Extract Acai Fruit Oil Glycerin Sunflower Seed Extract Linseed Oil Evening Primrose Oil


text:
(hidden for your protection)
comments sponsored by
Celebrities, Deaths, Fabulosity, Fat People, Kids, Money
We're glad to see that kids today have their priorities straight:
Children under 10 think being a celebrity is the "very best thing in the world" but do not think quite as much of God, a survey has revealed.
The poll of just under 1,500 youngsters ranked "God" as their tenth favourite thing in the world, with celebrity, "good looks" and being rich at one, two and three respectively.
Ah, the wisdom of babes. We're glad to see they agree with us: "There is nothing more important than fame."
This finding amused us:
"[K]illing" and "wars" head the list of the "very worst things in the world", followed by drunks, bullies, illness, smoking, stealing, divorce and being fat. Dying is in tenth place.
Nice to know that the world's youth have such healthy attitudes towards issues of weight and body image. They apparently subscribe to this adage: "Better dead than well-fed."
Being a celebrity is the 'best thing in the world' say children [Daily Mail via Drudge Report]
Earlier: An Open Letter to the Empress of Palo Alto
comments sponsored by


text: I had to share this information retrieved from a few different sources: REALTOR.com, westsidehomefinder.com, and car.org Your home is in escrow, and the buyer has scheduled a home inspection. Should you be worried about what the inspector might find? The answer depends, of course, on the condition of your home and how well you've maintained its major components over the years. Regardless of what the inspector may uncover, however, you shouldn't be overly concerned about the actual home inspection. Keeping in mind that disclosure laws and customary real estate practices vary from place to place, here are six suggestions as to how you might help the home inspection process go smoothly: 1. Leave the premises. It's perfectly reasonable to absent yourself from your home during the home inspector's visit and turn over the duties to your real estate agent. Your agent should be familiar with the home inspection process and be able to act as your representative. In fact, many listing agents prefer that the seller not be at home during the buyer's home inspection. 2. Be courteous. Some sellers mistakenly assume the home inspector is an adversary. Experienced professional home inspectors aren't on a mission to find fault with every tiny aspect of your home. The home inspector's role is to offer the buyer a fair assessment of the property. Tips: Don't keep the inspector waiting on your doorstep and allow at least two hours for the inspection. 3. Don't attempt to refute negative comments about your home during the inspection. Inspectors don't appreciate being followed around by argumentative or defensive home sellers (or sellers' real estate agents). The time to explain and negotiate will come after you receive and review your copy of the inspector's report. 4. Don't make statements about your home that are beyond your personal knowledge or can't be verified. For instance, if the inspector asks you how old the roof is or when certain appliances were installed, check your records before you answer. If you have documentation, provide a copy of it. If repairs or modifications were made prior to your purchasing the home, don't guess when that work was performed. The same caution about misrepresentations applies to questions about whether permits were obtained for remodeling, the exact square footage of your home, the name of the architect who designed it and so on. 5. Don't block access to normal living areas of your home. If the home inspector can't enter a room or complete some other aspect of the inspection, that will be noted in his or her report and the buyer may question it. 6. Make agreed-upon repairs promptly. The buyer may ask the inspector to okay any repairs you agree to make as a result of the inspection. The sooner you make the repairs, the sooner the contingency can be met. Delaying the repairs until the last minute won't stop the buyer from having those items reinspected, but it could delay the closing of escrow.


text:
TeamViewer Remote Session Control Now on Linux
The free remote access solution comes to the open source community.
After a huge customer request, TeamViewer 5.0 can now allow remote access to, and remote control of, Linux systems over the net. That is, provided TeamViewer is running on the remote host as a standalone program –– special client or server versions aren't available.
Remote support requires the unique ID and password of the client (which can also be stored, but is normally newly created at startup). Through a worldwide accessible central registration server over the Internet, which is 256-bit encrypted over a UDP connection between the hosts, remote session control is possible without port forwarding even over routers and through firewalls. Only when a proxy or firewall with content filters prevents it does the transfer run over the TeamViewer servers. Especially noticeable is the speed; session control runs effectively even over modem connections. The German software maker enhanced compression significantly so that less data needs to be transferred.
The modified WINE-based version performed perfectly in a short test and provided a multitude of integrated functions that are relevant for remote session management, such as restarts and easy data transfers between systems. Even multiple logins on common hosts is possible, such as to demonstrate something to multiple users. The VoIP chat and video chat functions are useful in this case, although transfers are available only on the receiver end under Linux because V4L webcams are not yet supported. Laudable is that TeamView is based on the free Speex audio and Theora video codecs. A couple of limitations for the Linux version are that the collaborative whiteboard function is missing and VPN support isn't available. An X server is required; virtual consoles aren't supported.
Because the software smiths prepared the program for Windows and Mac OS X downloads, Linux users can access these systems as well, or can be managed by them. An option allows viewing the remote host tasks by screencast. After registering on the product page, Web browser access is possible and even an iPhone app is available.
TeamViewer provides deb and rpm packages for Linux in version 5.0.8206 for download, with an additional 64-bit deb package and a simple tar.gz version that doesn't require installation. The program is free for individuals and under cost-based licensing for commercial customers.
Very useful indeedI just used it tonight from my Ubuntu box to xp over a dsl connection. It saved me at least 20mins over the phone!
Issue 178/2015
Buy this issue as a PDF
Qemu Flaw Lets the Guest Escape
Xen project announces a privilege escalation problem for Qemu host systems
Android Bug Threatens Millions of Users
Attackers can compromise an Android phone just by sending a text message
Lenovo and Canonical Announce Laptop Deal
PC vendor will pre-install Ubuntu on portables in India.
Mozilla Firefox Blocks Flash
More embarrassment for Adobe's embattled multimedia tool
Security Problem in Firefox's NoScript Add-On
Mozilla's script blocker add-on could be putting malware sites on the whitelist.
RIP SSLv3
The Internet community officially banishes the notoriously unsafe Secure Sockets Layer protocol.
Mate 1.1 Arrives
Popular desktop environment continues the Gnome 2 legacy – with new support for the Gnome 3 toolkit.
US Government Requires HTTPS
The Obama White House has issued a memorandum telling all US government agencies they must use HTTPS for all websites and web communication.
Mozilla Signs Firefox Add-Ons
New program will dial up security for the Firefox browser.
Fedora 22 Arrives
Red Hat's community distro embraces the cloud.


text:
Lunar Lions Land at Great Valley
Penn State Great Valley
Thursday, February 20, 2014 from 7:00 PM to 8:30 PM (EST)
Who's Going
San Francisco, California
London, United Kingdom
Florence, Italy
Event Details
In 2015, Penn State's Lunar Lion team plans to put an unmanned spacecraft on the moon. In 2013, the ambitious project is putting cutting edge NASA equipment in students' hands. Met the amazing student team and their faculty leaders and learn how they are working to put a Nittany Lion on the moon.
When & Where
The Conference Center at Penn State Great Valley
30 E Swedesford Rd
Thursday, February 20, 2014 from 7:00 PM to 8:30 PM (EST)
Add to my calendar
Penn State Great Valley
Now in its fifth decade, The School of Graduate Professional Studies (SGPS) at Penn State Great Valley is a leader in providing professional graduate programs in the fields of Engineering, Information Science, Leadership, Technology, and Management. Penn State Great Valley strives to be a vibrant academic and social hub for the region by connecting people and ideas. The campus offers free artistic, musical and cultural events for the community to celebrate the diverse riches of the local area.


text:
Cashcash Photos
and it comes easy to a scumbag like me
I have lady gaga fever. I love the shit on the wall In this picture just thought it was a good background.follow me on twitterwww.twitter.com/guychiemake
Sugar Rush
This is CASH CASH *haha correction*. So this is like, the 4th/5th band I've posted a picture of, and I tell myself to stop! But
outside the crowd
2 pics
Drummer from Cash Cash
3 pics
Cash Cash
I don't listen to them at all. I think I have half a demo of Bounce on my Zune that I've never listened to, but
Cash Cash at Warped Tour '09
Warped Tour '09 San Diego, CA 08/22/09
3 pics


text:
Bili ape
Bili ape, also Bondo mystery ape, is the name given to large chimpanzees that inhabit Bili Forest in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.[1]
"The apes nest on the ground like gorillas, but they have a diet and features characteristic of chimpanzees", according to a National Geographic report.[2] While preliminary genetic testing with non-nuclear DNA indicates a close relationship with the eastern chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) subspecies of the common chimpanzee,[3][4][5][6] a range of behaviors that are more closely related to those of gorillas have greatly intrigued primatologists from around the globe. Though their taxonomic classification has been clarified[citation needed], the need for further information about these chimpanzees persists.
History of research[edit]
In local parlance, the great apes of the Bili Forest fall into two distinct groups. There are the "tree beaters", which disperse high into the trees to stay safe, and easily succumb to the poison arrows used by local hunters. Then there are the "lion killers", which seldom climb trees, are bigger and darker, and are unaffected by the poison arrows.
When Karl Ammann, a Swiss photographer and anti-bushmeat campaigner, first visited the region in 1996, he was looking for gorillas, but instead discovered a skull that had dimensions like that of a chimpanzee, but with a prominent crest like that of a gorilla. Ammann purchased a photograph, taken by a motion-detecting camera, from poachers that captured an image of what looked like immense chimpanzees. Ammann also measured a fecal dropping three times as big as chimp dung and footprints as large as or larger than a gorilla's.
In 2000, Ammann returned to the area described by the bushmeat hunter with a group of ape researchers. Although they did not find a live Bili ape, they did find several well-worn ground nests, characteristic of gorillas rather than chimpanzees, in swampy river beds.
Scientific field research[edit]
In 2001, an international team of scientists, including George Schaller of the Wildlife Conservation Society and Mike Belliveau of Harvard University were recruited by Karl Ammann to search for the elusive Bili ape, but the venture came up empty.
Since a five-year-long civil war ended in 2003, it has been easier for scientists to conduct field research in the Congo. The first scientist to see the Bili apes, and also recruited by Ammann, was Shelly Williams, PhD, a specialist in primate behavior. Williams reported on her close and chilling encounter with Bili apes, "We could hear them in the trees, about 10 m away, and four suddenly came rushing through the brush towards me. If this had been a mock charge they would have been screaming to intimidate us. These guys were quiet, and they were huge. They were coming in for the kill – but as soon as they saw my face they stopped and disappeared."[7]
"The unique characteristics they exhibit just don't fit into the other groups of apes", says Williams. The apes, she argues, could be a new species unknown to science, a new subspecies of chimpanzee, or a hybrid of the gorilla and the chimp. "At the very least, we have a unique, isolated chimp culture that's unlike any that's been studied", she says.[8]
Scientists believe they are dealing with a very inbred population, in which even a large number of animals could share identical or near identical haplotypes. Bili ape reports have also been investigated by Esteban Sarmiento, who has said "I would think there is a strong possibility that south of Bili on the other side of the Uele River there may be gorillas, and this would seem an important area to turn our attention to." Scientists working within these forests south of the Uele, however, have found no such evidence, nor heard any such reports from local communities. It remains an important region, however, based on the discovered presence of other flagship species, like chimpanzees and elephants.[9]
In June 2006, British Science Weekly reported that Cleve Hicks and colleagues from the University of Amsterdam had completed a year-long hunt for these apes during which they were able to observe the creatures a total of 20 full hours. Hicks reported,"I see nothing gorilla about them. The females definitely have a chimp's sex swellings, they pant-hoot and tree-drum, and so on."[10] DNA samples recovered from feces also reaffirmed the classification of these apes in the chimp subspecies Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii.
Hicks encountered a large community of the apes to the northwest of Bili that displayed interest in him and his colleagues reminiscent of previous reports (this was misreported in the New Scientist as being 18 km from Bili, but it was actually considerably farther from the village. This was the first group of Bili apes to be encountered where the adult males did not flee immediately upon seeing the humans). The apes, including adult males, would surround their human visitors and show curiosity towards them, but would not attack or become threatening.[11][12]
Hicks has emphasized that there is little evidence suggesting that they are any more aggressive than other chimpanzees (predatory behavior being the norm for the species). However, he has been misquoted in the press about this.[13]
Further study was undertaken by Hicks between July 2006 and February 2007, accompanied by Jeroen Swinkels of the University of Amsterdam. A new base camp was established in the Gangu Forest.[14]
Behavioral characteristics[edit]
In some ways, the apes behave more like gorillas than chimpanzees. For example, they build ground nests as gorillas do, using interwoven branches and/or saplings, bent down into a central bowl. However, they frequently nest in the trees as well. Often ground nests will be found beneath or in proximity to tree nests. Their diet is decidedly chimpanzee-like, consisting mainly of fruits (fruiting trees such as strangler figs are visited often).[11]
The Bili apes pant-hoot and tree-drum like other chimpanzees, and do not howl at the moon.[13]
Behavior toward humans has baffled and intrigued scientists. There is little to no aggression, yet no fear, either. "Gorilla males will always charge when they encounter a hunter, but there were no stories like that" about the Bili apes, according to Ammann. Instead, they would come face-to-face with their human cousins, stare intently in half-recognition, then slide away quietly. Hicks's group later confirmed and somewhat expanded those observations, saying that when they encountered a large group of Bili apes in the deep forests (far from the roads and villages), they not only approached the humans, but also would actually surround them with intent curiosity.[11] Hicks clarifies the issue as follows: the apes within 20 km or so of the roads flee humans almost without exception. The adult males show the greatest fear. Further from the roads, however, the chimpanzees become progressively "naive".[11]
Morphology and physiology[edit]
The Bili ape has been reported to walk upright, bipedally 6 to 6.5 feet tall, with the looks of a giant chimpanzee. Their footprints, which range from 28 to 34 centimeters, are longer than the largest common chimp and gorilla footprints, which average 26 cm and 29 cm, respectively.
According to Williams, "They have a very flat face, a wide muzzle and their brow-ridge runs straight across and overhangs. They seem to turn grey very early in life, but instead of turning grey-black like a gorilla, they turn grey all over." They develop uniform grey fur independently of age and sex, which suggests that greying takes place early in life (whereas in all known gorilla species, only males gray as they age and graying is restricted to their backs).
Bili ape skulls have the prominent brow ridge and may sometimes have a sagittal crest similar to that of a gorilla, but other morphological measurements are more like those of chimpanzees. Only one of the many skulls found at Bili had a sagittal crest, thus it cannot yet be considered typical for the population. Chimpanzee skulls are 190 to 210 millimeters long, but four out of five Bili ape skulls measured more than 220 millimeters, well beyond the end of the normal chimpanzee range.[13]
Female Bili apes have genital swellings similar to other chimpanzees.[11]
The Bili Forest lies in the Congo's far north, about 200 kilometers east of the Ebola River, where deep tropical rainforests are broken by patches of savanna. Dense jungles, civil war, and other barriers to mankind's encroachment have left the region relatively pristine. However, forests throughout the Congo have been hit hard by commercial poaching.
Beginning in July 2007 the Bili area saw an influx of gold miners, putting at risk the continued survival of chimpanzees, elephants and other megafauna in the area.[15][16][17]
Threat from poachers[edit]
The Bili apes are currently under threat from an invasion of illegal poachers into the Bili area, which began in June 2007.[15] Over a 14-month period between September 2007 and November 2008, researcher Cleve Hicks and his Congolese assistants documented 34 chimpanzee orphans and 31 carcasses for sale in the nearby Buta - Aketi - Bambesa region (seven of the orphans have been confiscated and adopted).[18][19][20] Laura Darby and Adam Singh have seen another nine chimpanzee orphans and three carcasses in Aketi, Buta and Bondo since Hicks left in November.[21] In addition Hicks observed a large quantity of okapi and leopard skins along with elephant meat and ivory. It is likely that this exploding bushmeat trade is now making its way into the Bili region with the gold miners.[9][22][23][24][25]
See also[edit]
- Mangani (fictional "great apes" of the Tarzan series)
- Sympatric speciation
- Barone, Jennifer. "Bondo Mystery Ape Proves to Be a Chimpanzee With Unusual Habits". Discover Magazine online. (2007-03-15)
- Eikelenboom, Esther. Een Vandaag. "[1]". Cleve Hicks is interviewed on Dutch TV about his latest expedition (2007–2008) to the Congo. Includes footage of the Bili apes. The commentary is in Dutch but the interview is in English.
- Hall, Jamie. "The Cryptid Zoo: Ufiti" NewAnimal.org (2006)
- Hicks, Thurston Cleveland. "The Bondo Mystery Apes: Winter 2004 Field Data". KarlAmmann.com (2005-01-07)
- Hicks, Cleve. "The Bili Chimpanzees" on The Wasmoeth Wildlife Foundation website - see Cleve Hicks's new updates on this site, "Field Season 2004-2005: Into the World of the Bili Apes", and "Field Season 2006-2007: A New Beginning". Photos and films of the Bili apes are presented to the public for the first time.
- Hicks, Cleve. "Trading Chimpanzees for Baubles: A Bushmeat Crisis in the Northern DRCongo" on The Wasmoeth Wildlife Foundation website. Cleve Hicks presents his most recent findings (2007–2008) from the Buta-Aketi region. He has discovered evidence of a chimpanzee "mega-culture", but sadly, the chimpanzees and other wildlife in the area are under assault by a new army of bushmeat hunters. Photos and films are included. Warning: contains imagery that may disturb some viewers.
- Hicks, Cleve. "The Bili Apes Are in Trouble!". September 17, 2007. The Bili area has been invaded by gold miners, putting at risk the Bili apes and their pristine habitat. A report by Cleve Hicks of the Bili Apes Project, at Richard Dawkins.net (also available, with photos, at the Friends of Washoe site [2])
- Hicks, Cleve. "Congo's Chimps Threatened by Bushmeat trade". An update on the Ynet website on the Aketi 5 chimpanzee orphans and Cleve Hicks's description of the bushmeat crisis he encountered in Buta, the DRC.
- Randerson, James. "Found: The Giant Lion-eating Chimps of the Magic Forest". The Guardian (Saturday, July 14, 2007)
- Shuker, Karl. "The Not So Silly Bili Ape: The Dark Continent May Yet Harbour Secrets Long After Its Opening up by Western Explorers". Fortean Times (2004-09-17)[unreliable source?]
- Walton, Marsha. "Seeking answers to big 'mystery ape' Clues to new ape species?". CNN (2003-08-09)
- "Mystery apes of central Africa" The Australian (2006-06-28)
- ^ http://www.wasmoethwildlife.org/bili.php
- ^ Roach, John (2003-04-14). "Elusive African Apes: Giant Chimps or New Species?". National Geographic News.
- ^ DNA tests solve mystery of giant apes, New Scientist (2006-06-30), subscriber-only but reported in Agence France Presse[clarification needed]
- ^ "Mystery Apes Are Chubby Chimps, Zoologists Find" ABC News Online (2006-06-29).
- ^ Bili ape myths (2006-09-02)
- ^ Faris, Stephan. "Lost Apes of the Congo". Time Magazine (2005-01-09)
- ^ Young, Emma. "The Beast with No Name: In the Depths of the Congo Lives an Elusive Ape Unlike Any Other". New Scientist (2004-10-09)
- ^ Faris, Stephan. "Lost apes of the Congo A Time Reporter Travels Deep into the African Jungle in Search of a Mysterious Chimp Called the Lion Killer". Time Magazine (2005-01-17)
- ^ a b http://journals.sfu.ca/afrprims/index.php/AfricanPrimates/article/view/10
- ^ http://www.abc.net.au/science/news/scitech/SciTechRepublish_1674285.htm Archived at: http://www.webcitation.org/67vY5c3Pz
- ^ a b c d e Bili Field Season 2004-2005
- ^ "Bondo Mystery Ape". DISCOVER Magazine. March 2007. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
- ^ a b c "Bili ape myths". New Scientist. 2 September 2006. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
- ^ Bili Field Season 2006-2007
- ^ a b Cleve Hicks of the Bili Ape Project (16 Sep 2007). "The Bili Apes Are in Trouble!". RichardDawkins.net. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
- ^ Remembering Vietnam — The Story from APM
- ^ http://www.primatologist.me
- ^ http://www.wasmoethwildlife.org/folder2007-2008/part1/
- ^ EenVandaag :: Einde dreigt voor grootste wilde groep chimpansees
- ^ http://ippl.org/newsletter/2000s/IPPL-News-May-2009.pdf#page=25
- ^ http://www.primatologist.me/
- ^ http://thestory.org/archive/the_story_686_Vietnam.mp3/view
- ^ "Congo's chimps threatened by bushmeat trade". Ynetnews. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
- ^ Randerson, James (2010-09-07). "Congolese chimpanzees face new 'wave of killing' for bushmeat". London: guardian.co.uk. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
- ^ "In pictures: Orphaned chimpanzees in the Democratic Republic of the Congo". London: guardian.co.uk. 2010-09-07. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
External links[edit]
- Hicks, Cleve. "The Bili Chimpanzees" on The Wasmoeth Wildlife Foundation website - Please see Cleve Hicks's new updates on this site, 'Trading Chimpanzees for Baubles: Aketi Field Season 2007-2008' [3], "Field Season 2004-2005: Into the World of the Bili Apes", and "Field Season 2006-2007: A New Beginning". Photos and films of the Bili apes are presented to the public for the first time.
- Hicks, Cleve. "The Bili Apes Are in Trouble!". September 17, 2007. The Bili area has been invaded by gold miners, putting at risk the Bili apes and their pristine habitat. A report by Cleve Hicks of the Bili Apes Project, at Richard Dawkins.net (also available, with photos, at the Friends of Washoe site [4])
- Coleman, Loren. "Bili Ape Discoverer Shot" Loren's CryptoZoo News (2005-11-09)
- "The giant lion-eating chimps of the magic forest" on the UK Guardian website.
- Darby, Laura. [5] Tales from the DRCongo Laura Darby and Adam Singh recount their adventures caring for five orphan Buta/Bili chimpanzees in Aketi, The DRC.
- Hicks, Cleve and Darby, Laura. [6] A New Home for the Aketi 5 Chimpanzee Orphans Cleve Hicks and Laura Darby recount the evacuation of the Aketi 5 chimpanzee orphans from the northern DRC to the Lwiro Sanctuary in the east.
- Randerson, James. The Guardian 2010. [7] Congolese chimpanzees face new wave of killing for bushmeat
- Randerson, James. The Guardian 2010. [8] "Orphaned chimpanzees in the DRC: Photo gallery"
- Hicks, T. C. et al. African Primates 2010. [9] Trade in orphans and bushmeat threatens one of the DRC's most important populations of Eastern chimpanzees
- IBED Report 2011. [10] A summary of Cleve Hicks's Ph.D. project on the Bili apes, and links to a number of interviews and press releases
- Hicks, C. 2011. [11] Encounters with Bili chimpanzees in the undisturbed Gangu Forest. In Among African apes: Stories and photos from the field. Editors Martha M. Robbins and Christophe Boesch. University of California Press.
- University of Amsterdam. [12] Bushmeat orphans from a unique chimpanzee culture
- Cleve Hicks's webpage at Max Planck institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig. [13].
- Hicks, C. [14]. Huge chimpanzee population Thriving in Remote Congo forest.' The Guardian, February 2014.
- Hicks et al. 2014. [15]. Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence: Discovery of a large, continuous population of Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii in the Central Uele region of northern DRC. Biological Conservation.
Hicks, C. [16]. Max Planck institute of Evolutionary Anthropology. New large population of chimpanzees discovered.
- Chadwick, Alex. NPR.org "In Search of Congo's Bili Ape" Radio Expeditions (a co-production of NPR and the National Geographic Society). (2001-03-26 – 2001-03-29)
- Hicks, Cleve. [17] Save the chimps Hear Cleve Hicks describe his latest experiences in the northern Congo working with the Buta/Aketi chimpanzees, and also the enormous bushmeat crisis which threatens their very existence; the piece follows a story about the Vietnam war.
- Hicks, Cleve. [18] A Mega-Culture Club in the Congo? Interview with Cleve Hicks on the discovery of a large, continuous population in northern DRC, February 2014 (scroll down).
- Hicks, Cleve. [19] A chimpanzee Mega-society in the DRC