text:
Woven, non-woven and knitted fabrics containing at least 1% by weight of specialty fibers formed from high molecular weight polymers of alpha, beta-ethylenically unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acids, alpha, beta-ethylenically unsaturated aliphatic sulfonic acids and the hydroxyalkyl esters and glycidyl esters of these acids which are cross-linked at a cross-linking density of from about 1 cross-linkage per from about 40 to about 100 repeating monomeric units of the homopolymer are capable of absorbing up to about 40% by weight of the moisture without loss of mechanical strength and other textile properties. These fabrics have anti-static properties. Sheer fabrics are useful for stockings, panty hose, underwear and the like.
1. A hydrophilic fiber which comprises a linear hygroscopic homopolymer of a monomer selected from the group consisting of alpha, beta-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, alpha, beta-ethylenically unsaturated sulfonic acids, hydroxyalkyl esters of these acids, and hydroxyglycidyl esters of these acids, said polymers having a molecular weight in the range of from about 100,000 to 500,000, a softening point in the range of from about 210� C. to about 245� C., and a glass transition temperature Tg above about 115� C., said polymer in the formed fiber being cross-linked at a cross-linking density in the range of one chemical cross-link bond per from about 40 to about 100 repeating monomeric units of said polymer, said fibers being capable of absorbing up to about 50% by weight of the fiber of moisture without lose of mechanical strength and other textile properties.
2. The fiber of claim 1 which has a Rockwell hardness in the range of from about 40 to about 60.
3. The fiber of claim 1 wherein said homopolymer is polyacrylic acid.
4. The fiber of claim 1 wherein said homopolymer is poly(hydroxyethylmethacrylate).
5. The fiber of claim 1 wherein said monomer is selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate and hydroxybutyl methacrylate.
This is a division of application Ser. No. 461,514, filed Jan. 27, 1983 now U.S. Pat. No. 4,443,515.
This invention relates to antistatic, comfortable and abrasion resistant fabrics suitable for the production of ladies undergarments, stockings, panty hose and the like. More particularly, this invention relates to such fabrics which incorporate specialty textile fibers which are fabricated from cross-linked high molecular weight linear hygroscopic polymers which specialty fibers are capable of absorbing large quantities of moisture without degradation of the textile properties of the fibers.
It is known to manufacture sheer fabrics from many kinds of fibers, such as silk, nylon, polyester and the like. These sheet fabrics are used in many types of garments, especially undergarments such as underpants, undershirts, stockings, panty hose, and the like.
In attempts to improve the properties of these articles of clothing made from sheet knitted fabrics, there have been modifications in the structure of the fibers such as monofilaments down to 7 denier per filament, multilobal cross-sections, bicomponent filaments and substitution of non-woven fabrics for the knitted fabrics. In spite of these exhaustive efforts, all of the presently existing textile fibers used in the production of sheer fabrics for use in such articles of clothing as ladies' undergarments, stockings, panty hose and the like, still suffer from several shortcomings. For instance, these fabrics still tend to be clammy, uncomfortable, sticky to the skin and exhibit a tendancy to develop static charges. Research in this area has shown that these shortcomings originate, at least in part, from insufficient moisture absorptivity of the fibers from which the textile goods are made. Accordingly, there have been many attempts to improve the moisture absorption properties of textile fibers.
It is known, for example, to graft acrylic and methacrylic acids onto nylon textile filaments with the aid of irradiation activation of the polyamide filament surface. As another approach, acrylic fibers have been developed which have a moisture absorptivity of around 15% due to the formation of a system of fine capillaries produced during the spinning of the filaments. Still another development is the production of modified polyester filaments for ladies' underwear in which the moisture absorptivity of the polyester has been increased up to about 15% by a partial sulfonation of the aromatic part of the macromolecule.
Still another method for increasing the overall absorptivity of these types of fabrics is the addition of a more highly absorbing fiber during the manufacturing process. Typical moisture regains of some conventional fibers made from various natural, artificial and synthetic fibers, as reported by R. W. Moncrief in Man-Made Fibers, 6th Edition, (1975) page 324, are shown in the following table
______________________________________ RegainFiber (%)______________________________________Wool 16Nylon 4.0Polyester 0.4Acrylic 0.9Cotton 8.5Viscose 12.0Cellulose acetate 6.5______________________________________
Fabrics containing from 1 to 100% of fibers formed of amine-containing polymers which are cross-linked by a poly- or di-functional alkylating agent are described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,140,265 to Richter, et al., assigned to Rohm & Haas Co., as being characterized by resistance to development of static electricity and by desirable dyeing and moisture regain properties. The fibers may be composed of 50 to 100 mole percent of at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-alkyl-substituted acrylamide, and acrylonitrile.
Acrylic fibers with improved hydrophilicity and antistatic properties in balance with the physical properties such as knot strength and elongation are suggested for incorporating in underwear in U.S. Pat. No. 3,733,386 to Shimoda, et al., assigned to American Cyanamid Co. These acrylic fibers are produced from polymers containing at least 80% by weight of acrylonitrile and a copolymerizable monomer by treating the acrylic fiber while in a stretched swollen wet-gel state with a cross-linking agent, hydrolyzing the cross-linked wet-gel fiber with a mineral acid, optionally treating the hydrolyzed, cross-linked, wet-gel fiber with an aqueous solution of an ammonium or metal salt, and drying the fiber. The optional treatment with the aqueous salt solution imparts antistatic properties to the fibers. According to the examples in this patent, moisture regain values of only up to about 15% are achieved. Furthermore, only when the optional treatment with the aqueous salt solution was performed was it possible to have a surface resistance of less than 1010 ohms, which is the generally accepted maximum value for eliminating undesirably high static charge accumulation.
Yamamoto, et al in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,626,049, 3,759,849 and 3,846,386 disclose cross-linked acrylic fibers, consisting predominantly of acrylonitrile, having hot-water resistance and a silky hand or feel and woven or knitted fabrics produced therefrom. These fibers are produced by heat-treating, to effect cross-linking, of fibers obtained by extruding an acidic solution of a copolymer obtained by copolymerizing in an acidic medium (a) a vinyl monomeric material consisting mainly of acrylonitrile and (b) a monomer having a halogenated s-triazinyl or halogenated pyrimidinyl group in the presence of (c) a polymerizable unsaturated monomer and/or (d) protein.
Crosslinked fibers and filaments of acrylonitrile copolymers to improve dimensional stability are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,131,724 to Radlmann, et al. According to this patent, an acrylonitrile copolymer containing at least 20 m Val of carboxyl groups per kg of polymer is dissolved in a polar solvent with at least one polyoxazoline at a temperature of from 20� to 120� C. and the solution is spun into filaments. Cross-linking is thereafter effected by heating the filaments to a temperature of from 120� to 190� C. to react the carboxyl groups with the oxazoline rings to form ester and amide structures. However, in order to arrive at a satisfactory condition with respect to comfort, antistatic properties, and the like, it has been established in extensive studies that it is necessary to add a substantial amount, i.e. between 15 and 30%, of a hydrophilic fiber having a regain of at least about 8% to a hydrophobic fiber with a low regain of about 2%. Such relatively large additions of the hydrophilic component, however, lead to various adverse effects, including degradation of the modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, suppleness, and creep characteristics.
It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide light weight fabrics which may be woven, non-woven or knitted and which can be used to prepare articles of apparel which contact the human body, especially ladies' undergarments, including underwear, stockings, panty hose and the like which have antistatic properties, are comfortable and abrasion resistant.
A further object of the invention is to provide specialty fibers for textile applications wherein it is necessary to be able to absorb large quantities of moisture without degradation of tensile strength and other fiber properties.
Another object of the present invention is to provide filaments and fibers having high moisture absorptivity and antistatic property which can be used in fabrics for preparing apparel and other articles.
A still further and specific object of the present invention is to provide light weight abrasion resistant and antistatic panty hose and stockings which incorporate textile fibers fabricated from high molecular weight cross-linked linear homopolymers such as polyacrylic acid and poly(hydroxyethylmethacrylate) which do not lose their textile characteristics such as tensile strength when tested in wet condition.
These and other objects of the present invention which will become apparent from the following description are generally accomplished by incorporating in a fabric at least about 1% by weight of a novel specialty fiber which is formed from a linear hygroscopic hompolymer having only carbon to carbon bonds in the polymer backbone with hydrophilic side chains in the repeating recurring units, the polymer being formed from a monomer selected from the group consisting of alpha, beta-ethylenically unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acids, alpha, beta-ethylenically unsaturated aliphatic sulfonic acids, hydroxyalkyl esters of these aliphatic carboxylic and sulfonic acids, and glycidyl esters of these aliphatic carboxylic and sulfonic acids, such polymers having a molecular weight in the range of from about 100,000 to about 500,000, a softening point in the range of from about 210� C. to about 245� C. and a glass transition temperature Tg above about 115� C., the homopolymers being cross-linked at a cross-linking density in the range of one cross-linkage per from about 40 to about 100 repeating monomeric units of the homopolymer. These specialty textile fibers are capable of absorbing up to about 40% by weight of the fiber of moisture without loss of mechanical strength and other textile properties and are further characterized by having a Rockwell hardness in the range of about 40 to about 60.
In accordance with the present invention, any of these specialty fibers may be assembled or fabricated into various types of fabrics including those involving interlocked yarns or threads formed of plied yarns and those of felt-like character in which the fibers or filaments are interlaced. or interlocked with or without being adhesively bonded at their points of intersection or interlocking. The former type of fabric may be a woven, knitted, netted, knotted, or braided fabric formed of yarns comprising fibers or filaments of the type specified. Non-woven fabrics contemplated by the present invention are also obtainable by the haphazard distribution of a multiplicity of fibers either of short lengths or of continuous length. This includes such fabrics as are obtained by carding, and if desired, superimposing a plurality of carded webs upon one another with the machine direction of the various webs disposed either parallel to one another or at various angles for the purpose of providing either anisotropy or isotropy in the characteristics of the resulting fabric, particularly as to strength and cleavage. Intermediate forms, which may also be termed hybrid forms, of fabrics may be involved such as the type of fabric known as needle felts wherein a woven or knitted fabric has fibers or filaments punched through the woven base fabric.
The various fabrics may be formed entirely of fibers, filaments, and yarns of the type defined above, but preferably, they comprise a blend of fibers or filaments of this type with fibers or filaments of other types, either natural or artificial in origin. Similarly, the fabrics may be formed of a mixture of yarns comprising fibers or filaments of the type defined above with yarns formed of other fibers, either natural or artificial. Thus, the fabrics may also comprise fibers, filaments, or yarns of cotton, wool, silk, linen, nylon, polyethylene terephthalate (e.g. Dacron), regenerated cellulose rayons, cellulose acetate, casein, vinyl resin fibers, such as copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate or acrylonitrile, and especially polyesters, polyacrylonitriles, and polyamides. The proportion of fibers, filaments, or yarns formed of the cross-linked high molecular weight hygroscopic homopolymers in the fabrics may vary widely from 1 to 100%. However, a proportion of 1 to 10%, especially 2 to 10% by weight has been found to be entirely adequate in modifying the resistance to static electricity without adversely effecting the mechanical and textile properties of the fabric, such as tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, hand or feel, etc.
Fabrics in which there may be a reinforcing element to improve the strength of the fabric, for example, a glass yarn woven at intervals through a woven fabric comprising the yarns formed of fibers of the present invention arranged in alternate relationship with the glass-fiber or filament yarns are also within the scope of the invention.
An essential feature of the fabrics of the invention is that they comprise at least about 1%, preferably at least 2%, especially from 2 to 10% by weight of the fabric, of fibers, filaments or yarns formed of the cross-linked high molecular weight hygroscopic linear homopolymers of the ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic or sulfonic acid, or the hydroxyalkyl esters or glycidyl esters thereof.
The filaments, fibers or yarns and fabrics formed thereof may be subject to other customary finishing processes, such as crimping, curling, twisting, sizing, softening, or lubricating to facilitate weaving, knitting and other textile operations.
The filaments, threads or yarns produced by the above described procedural steps are useful in the preparation of various types of fabrics. However, they are especially useful in the preparation of lightweight and sheet type fabrics such as used in the fabrication of garments, especially intimate apparel, e.g. undergarments including underwear, undershirts, stockings, panty hose, and the like.
While fibers and filaments of this invention may be used together with all natural and sythetics, blends with nylons, polyacrylics and polyester are especially preferred for sheet fabrics. In the case of continuous filaments and yarns for stockings, panty hose, etc., the filaments may be co-twisted with the other components of the fabric. In the case of nylons which have a moisture regain between 3.2 and 3.7% about 2 to 4 weight percent of the specialty fibers are sufficient to arrive at a conductivity of more than 10-10 reciprocal ohms. It is generally agreed that above 10-10 reciprocal ohms there are no static charge difficulties.
If the bulk of the textile material in the fabric consists of, for example, acrylics or polyesters, which possess a much lower moisture regain, for example between 0.4 and 0.8%, it has been found that up to 10%, preferably from about 4 to 10% of the specialty fibers should be added in order to render the conditioned fabric sufficiently conductive to avoid any noticeable static inconveniences. In the case of spun yarns as in underwear, shirts, etc., the specialty fibers of the invention are blended with the other, predominant component in the form of staple fibers in appropriate proportions to obtain the desired value of electrical conductivity.
The relatively small amount of conducting filament or fiber, for example, about 2 to 10%, has practically no influence on the mechanical properties of the yarns and fabrics of the final textile article.
In particular, fabrics especially suitable for fabrication into intimate apparel include woven, non-woven or knitted fabrics weighing less than 2 grams per square foot, have a tensile modulus of at least 30 grams, based on 1 denier cross-section of the fabric, a tensile strength of at least 3 grams, also based on 1 denier cross-section of the fabric, an elongation at break of at least 30%, a moisture absorptivity in the range of from about 30 to about 50% by weight of the dry fabric, and an electric conductivity of at least 10-10 (ohms cm)-1 ; these fabrics containing from 2 to 10% by weight of the fabric of the novel specialty fiber according to the invention.
These fabrics are particularly useful in the preparation of articles of apparel, especially undergarments, panty hose and stockings and are antistatic, comfortable and abrasion resistant, and retain their mechanical, thermal, electrical, and physiological properties even after having absorbed as much as 35% to 40% or more, of their dry weight, of moisture.
The present invention is based in part on the observation that cotton and other natural cellulosic fibers such as hemp, flax and ramie have a relatively high moisture equilibrium content (up to about 15%) yet do not lose any textile strength when tested in the wet condition. On the other hand, all viscose rayons at an average moisture content between 10 to 12% lose up to 70% of their tensile strength in the wet state. It is believed that this discrepancy can be largely attributed to the substantially higher molecular weights and crystallinity of the native cellulosic fibers. For instance, the molecular weights of the cellulose fibers are more than 10 times that of the rayons and the degree of crystallinity is up to about 95% higher.
In order to produce synthetic fibers having a high moisture absorptivity up to about 50% moisture regain, which is the amount necessary to provide significant improvements in the fabrics used to produce apparel such as undergarments and the like, it is necessary to use synthetic polymeric materials having molecular weights of at least about 100,000 and up to about 500,000. However, for such high molecular weight polymeric materials having hydrophilic groups attached to the polymer backbone, the irregular conformation of the highly hygroscopic chains makes it impossible to obtain high degrees of crystallinity. Accordingly, in the present invention cross-linking of polymer chains is substituted for crystallinity of the natural cellulosic materials in order to provide the same high strength characteristics of the naturally crystalline fibers.
In addition to having a high molecular weight capable of providing the required mechanical characteristics, including modulus, tensile strength, elongation, etc., of a textile fiber, the polymer materials used in the present invention must be capable of providing fibers which satisfy the following additional requirements:
(a) moisture regain, i.e. ability to absorb up to about 40% by weight of moisture without degradation of textile properties;
(b) antistatic property, i.e. a surface resistance of less than 1010 ohms;
(c) resistance against laundering and dry cleaning, i.e. must withstand repeated laundering and/or dry cleaning cycles of up to 25 times or more, without loss in mechanical properties, fading, etc.;
(d) resistance against atmospheric influences, i.e. must withstand light, oxygen, ozone, acidic impurities, and the like without loss in mechanical properties, fading, etc.
Fabrics containing as little as 10% by weight of the specialty fibers of the present invention satisfy all of the foregoing requirements while at the same time providing the requisite degree of comfortableness, abrasion-resistance and antistatic properties essential in articles of apparel, especially ladies undergarments, panty hose, stockings, and the like.
The filaments or fibers of the present invention are obtained by cross-linking very thin filaments or fibers of the linear hygroscopic homopolymers of the alpha, beta-ethylenically unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acids, alpha, beta-ethylenically unsaturated sulfonic acids, the hydroxylalkyl esters of these acids and the hydroxyglycidyl esters of these acids; the useful homopolymers have molecular weights of at least 100,000, especially 100,000 to 500,000, most preferably from about 150,000 to about 400,000.
Generally, monomers having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, can be used. Examples of the alpha, beta-unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acids include crotonic acid, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, ethacrylic acid, alpha-isopropylidene acrylic acid, alpha-vinyl acrylic acid and the like. Of these, acrylic acid and methacrylic acid are preferred. Polyacrylic acids having molecular weights up to 500,000 and more are commercially available and are particularly preferred for use in the present invention.
As examples of the ethylenically unsaturated aliphatic sulfonic acids, any of the foregoing carboxylic acids in which the carboxylic (--COOH) group is substituted by the sulfonic acid (--SO3 H) group can be used. Preferred examples of the olefinically unsaturated sulfonic acids include vinyl sulfonic acid, p-styrene sulfonic acid.
The hydroxyalkyl esters of these aliphatic carboxylic and sulfonic acid esters may have from 1 to 3 hydroxyl groups, preferably 1 or 2 hydroxyl groups and most preferably 1 hydroxyl group. The alkyl moiety of the hydroxyalkyl esters may have from 1 to 8, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Examples of the hydroxylakyl esters include, for example, 2-hydroxyethylacrylate, 2-hydroxypropylacrylate, 3-hydroxypropylacrylate, 4-hydroxybutylacrylate, 5-hydroxypentylacrylate, 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate, 2-hydroxypropylmethacrylate, 3-hydroxypropylmethacrylate, 4-hydroxybutylmethacrylate and the hydroxyacrylates and hydroxymethacrylates of the corresponding sulfonic acids. Of these, hydroxyethylmethacrylate is the preferred monomer and poly(hydroxyethylmethacrylate) in high molecular weight is readily commercially available.
As examples of the hydroxyglycidyl esters of the aliphatic carboxylic and sulfonic acids mention can be made of, for example, the hydroxyglycidyl esters of acrylic acid, crotonic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid and p-styrene sulfonic acid.
In order to prepare the fine textile mono-filaments to deniers of 7 or less from these linear hygroscopic polymers, the polymers are wet spun before being cross-linked in order to permit uninhibited laminar flow through the spinneret. This can be readily accomplished by preparing an aqueous spinning solution of the polymer, in the state of a sol, with a solids concentration, depending on the molecular weight of the polymer, of from about 5 to about 35%, preferably from about 15 to 25% by weight. The spinning solution can be coagulated in an aqueous salt solution which withdraws water from the polymer filament through the osmotic action of the salt. This converts the polymer sol into a non-cross-linked gel which can be reversibly reconverted back into a solution. The gelatinous filaments in which the individual macromolecules are held together only by van der Waal forces or hydrogen bonds can be oriented by stretching to any desired degree. After this stage is reached, the filaments are transferred into a second bath containing a cross-linking agent where the filaments are cross-linked by the action of covalent chemical bonds.
The preparation of artificial and synthetic filaments from spinning solutions of non-cross-linked polymeric material followed by spinning, stretching and cross-linking is generally known in the art. Suitable procedures which can be adapted for the high molecular weight linear hygroscopic polymers used in the present invention are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,140,265 and 3,733,386.
In a preferred procedure, the polymer material, in the form of a fine powder, is introduced into the necessary quantity of distilled water and gently stirred until complete dissolution is effected. Depending upon the molecular weight of the polymer, the concentration of the spinning solutions ranges between 5-35% with a preferred range between 15-25%. In order to obtain smooth spinning the absolute viscosities of the spinning solutions should be between 20-2000 poises measured at 20� C. Within this range of spinning solution viscosities, spinning speeds between 80-200 yarns/min. can be obtained. The spinning solution must be deaerated and carefully filtered. Deaeration can be carried out under vacuum while the solution is slowly passing through a disc-shaped vessel. Filtration can be performed with the aid of candle filters similar to those used in the viscose rayon process. Since the spinning solutions are substantially neutral (between 6.5-7.2), woven or non-woven fabrics of cotton or rayon can be used for filtration. After filtration, the solution which has a viscosity preferably between 100 and 300 poises is pumped to the spinnerette, preferably using tooth wheel pumps since they do not permit any air to enter the spinning solution. Satisfactory results are obtained with spinnerettes with 40 to 72 holes each with a diameter of about 0.080 mm. It is also advantageous to use a countersink having about one-half the length of the canal of the spinnerette.
It is also possible to prepare staple fibers from spinnerettes having 4,000 holes with otherwise the same design and dimensions.
The spinning bath is maintained in the range between 25�-45� C. and consists of a neutral or acidic salt solution; for example, NH4 Cl in the concentration range of about 15-20% and Na2 SO4 in the concentration range of about 15-20% have given satisfactory results. As known from the spinning of viscose rayon the cross sections of the filaments are affected by the chemical character and concentration of the bath. In order to arrive at desired cross sections it has been advantageous to add H2 SO4 in the range of between about 0.5 to 10% to the spin bath.
As the threads enter the bath they are dehydrated by the osmotic pressure and transformed into a stretchable gel. They are led over a first roller and then at a distance of, for example, about 2.5 meters over another roller, the surface velocity of which is faster than that of the first roller, for example, about 2.5X to effect stretching and molecular orientation. As a result of this stretching, the individual macromolecules are parallelyzed and extended and to a certain extent glide along each other, because at that time they are not yet cross-linked by chemical bonds. After emerging from the end of the first bath, the filaments are led into a second bath in which they are cross-linked by chemicals bonds. One efficient way of cross-linking is to have the second aqueous bath contain a water soluble cross-linking agent which is capable of being absorbed by the gel filament as it passes through the second bath. Such bifunctional cross-linking agents include, for example, dicarboxylic acids or anhydrides, glycols, or diamines, or other bifunctional reactive compounds. The cross-linking reaction takes place in the second bath either thermally (40�-50� C.) or under the influence of a catalyst. After emerging from the second bath at a speed 100-150 yards/min. the filaments are dried in any commonly known fashion and wound up on a spool.
The cross-linking step can be affected without chemical agents simply by exposing the filaments either to the action of ionizing radiation or fast electrons. In this case, there is no second bath necessary and the filaments are exposed to the irradiation while they are being wound up on the spool.
The invention will now be described by the following non-limiting examples.
A solution of polyacrylic acid with a MW of 260,000 is prepared in distilled water with a concentration of 18.5% polymer at 40� C. The solution is deaerated in a vacuum system for 24 hours and then with the aid of a toothwheel pump is conducted through a candle filter to a spinnerette having 40 holes each with a diameter of 0.080 mm. This solution is extruded into a bath containing 6% NH4 Cl, 11% MgSO4, and 1.2% H2 SO4 at 40� C. The gel filaments which form immediately upon contact of the solution with the bath are conducted through it over a distance of about 18 feet, while being supported by glass rolls, back and forth at a speed of 75 yards per minute. At the end of this coagulation period, the filaments are led through a second bath which contain 2.5% ethylene diamine and 12% NH4 Cl in water. Through the action of the ethylene diamine which gradually penetrates into the gel filaments covalent cross-linking is established between the individual molecules of polyacrylic acid and a water insoluble highly swollen filament bundle is obtained. The length of the cross-linking bath is 18 feet and the threads are conducted back and forth through it with the aid of glass rolls at a speed of 90 feet per minute resulting in cross-linked filaments having one chemical cross-link (transversal covalent bond) per each 50 to 60 monomer units of the polymer chain.
After this treatment, the filament bundle is washed in a third bath of distilled water for a period of about three minutes. The filaments are then wound up and dried with warm air. The total cross-section of the fiber bundle has a denier of 160 corresponding to about 4 denier per filament, an air dried tensile strength of 2.5 g/den, and an elongation at break of 40%. These filaments are capable of absorbing up to 45% by weight of water when immersed in a bath of pure water at 25� C. without losing their coherence and tensile characteristics.
The procedure of example 1 is repeated except that the molecular weight of the acrylic acid polymer is increased to 300,000; in the spinning bath the gel filaments which are formed are conducted over the glass rolls at a reduced speed of 23 yards per minute and in the cross-linking bath the speed is reduced from 90 feet per minute to 69 feet per minute; and the filaments are washed for 10 minutes in the third bath of distilled water.
The resulting filaments have the same properties as in Example 1.
A 22.5% solution of poly(hydroxyethylmethacrylate) with a MW of 185,000 is prepared by dissolving the dry powdered polymer in water at 25� C. The solution is deaerated by keeping it in a vacuum container at 40� C. for 24 hours and is conducted with the aid of a toothwheel pump to a spinnerette having 72 holes each with a diameter of 0.080 mm. The solution is extruded into an aqueous bath which contains 2.5% Na2 SO4, 5% MgSO4 and 2.5% H2 SO4 with a speed of 60 feet per minute. Immediately after entrance into the bath, the filaments coagulate into a gel which is stretched by a factor of 1.25 and kept in the bath over a distance of 12 feet while being conducted back and forth on glass rolls. The coagulated filaments are then led into another bath which contains 8% MgSO4 and 5% oxalic acid. The temperature of this bath is maintained at 60� C. The filaments travel with a speed of 12 feet per minute and for a total distance of 18 feet.
Under the influences of oxalic acid cross-linking occurs and the filaments are covalently reticulated and become insoluble in aqueous systems.
After being washed, the filaments are dried and have 3.5 denier per filament, tensile strength of 2.8 grams per denier and elongation to break of 28%.
The yarns made of these filaments are capable of absorbing up to 38% moisture without losing any of their valuable textile characteristics.
When Example 3 is repeated except that the poly(hydroxyethylmethacrylate) has a molecular weight of 260,000, the extruded gel filaments travel through the coagulation bath over a distance of about 40 feet by being conducted back and forth over glass rolls while still being stretched by a factor of 1.25, and in the second bath containing the oxalic acid cross-linking agent and magnesium sulfate the filaments travel at a speed of about 12 feet per second over a distance of about 18 feet.
The resulting filaments have the same properties as in Example 3.
Yarns are prepared by cotwisting either 4% or 10% by weight of the fibers of Example 2 with polyethylene terephthalate fibers or nylon fibers and the properties of the yarns are measured. As a control, the properties of the polyethylene terephthalate yarns and nylon yarns without addition of the hydrophilic fibers of the invention are also measured. The results are shown in the following table:
TABLE__________________________________________________________________________ Yarn with addition of hydrophilic fiber Yarn with no addition of Example 2 of hydrophilic fiber 4% 10%Property Nylon PET Nylon PET Nylon PET__________________________________________________________________________Elastic modulus in g/cm 30 70 30 68 28 64Tensile strength in g/den 4.5 4.7 4.5 4.7 4.2 4.2Elongation at break in % 32 28 36 30 38 34Elastic range of elongation in % 12 8 13 9 15 11Creep at 30% of breaking load in % 6 4 6 5 8 7__________________________________________________________________________
As can be seen from the foregoing examples, the cross-linked hydrophilic fibers of this invention have outstanding physical properties in addition to their advantageous chemical and antistatic resistance properties. For example, the specialty fibers of this invention are characterized by a Young's Modulus of at least 8 grams per denier and accordingly, these fibers can be blended with conventional textile fibers such as polyesters, polyamides, acrylics and the like without impairing the mechanical strength properties of the fabrics prepared from these fiber blends.
Moreover, while fabrics containing only 1 to 10% of the specialty fibers of the invention are especially suitable in such application as articles of apparel, bedding, industrial fabrics and the like, fabrics containing substantially larger amounts of the specialty fibers, for example at least 20% by weight, especially at least 50% by weight, can be successfully used in applications where stress, stretching and the like are not anticipated, for example, as bandages for burns where the hydrophilic property is of great importance.
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A three-run homer by Blake Austin in the first inning was all the offense Auburn would need as Dillon Ortman pitched his second complete game of the season in a 4-2 win over South Carolina on Saturday.
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Ole Miss Rolls Past Austin Peay
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Ole Miss Closes Out Non-Conference Slate with Austin Peay
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text:
Are you ready to GET YOUR CAREER IN GEAR? You are not alone in your career planning process! The AUM Career Development Center is your resource for career counseling, resources, and various services to help you determine, refine, and achieve your career goals. In this section, you will find a wide variety of services to help you get started wherever you are in the career development process.
Can't come in to the office during our regular office hours? No worries! Many of our career services & information are still available to you on your schedule. Evening appointments are available on request. Evening seminars and programs are scheduled every term, just check out the Career Event Calendar to see the programs we have set aside JUST FOR YOU!
Check out our NEW on-line career tools! We have new tools in career assessment, career & employer research, job listings and MORE! Click on the button below! Your first step should be to register with WARHAWK JOBS, the Career Development Center's online job and career management system.
To stay in touch with AUM CDC programs and services, be sure and become of a fan of our Facebook page or Twitter feed! As our primary communication tool with students, you will get better notice of events, seminars, and programs to help you get the most from your career efforts!
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text:
Pomona College Magazine
Volume 44, No. 3
Issue Home
Past Issues
Pomona College Home
· · · · · · · · ·
Pomona College Magazine is published three times a year by Pomona College
550 N. College Ave, Claremont, CA 91711
Online Editor: Laura Tiffany
For editorial matters:
Editor: Mark Wood
Phone: (909) 621-8158
Fax: (909) 621-8203
PCM Editorial Guidelines
Contact Alumni Records for changes of address, class notes, or notice of births or deaths.
Phone: (909) 621-8635
Fax: (909) 621-8535
· · · · · · · · ·
What if Nixon Had Lost?
In 1948, Steve Zetterberg '38 had a chance to send Richard Nixon home.
Many young Sagehens are drawn to politics, but not necessarily as a career.
Debating the Great Debate
PSU set out to broaden campus debate and ended up the subject of debate.
To Blog or Not to Blog
A Pomona alumnus and professor discover the joys and dangers of blogging.
Man in the Middle
Julian Nava '51 and the Chicano Blowouts of 1968
For Kyle Warneck '05, a political passion fizzled on a cold day in Iowa.
Policing the Police
Joyce Hicks '74 seeks to build faith in the San Francisco police.
Where's the Math?
How Christopher Carlson '92 joined the national arithmetic uprising
Political Theatre
In its new revival,
Zoot Suit
remains as relevant as it was three decades ago.
Online Exclusive: Youth Movement
Luc Shuster '02 ran for public office at the tender age of 25.
Stray Thoughts
Letter From the Editor
Sagehens Sound Off
Pomona Today
Speedy Delivery
Q&A: Carlene Miller
Slacking Off
Recycle, Reuse, ReCoop
KSPC Heads for the Hills
The Medium Is the Future
What Vacation?
Political Pomona
Primary Sources
Sports Roundup
Pomona Tomorrow
How to Design a Residence Hall
New Knowledge
The World Wide Wed
Professor Named to List of Top 50 Innovators
State Secrets
Being England
Life Secrets 101
Urban Adventurer
Still Reaching Out
Travel Study
Bulletin Board
©Copyright 2008
by Pomona College
Top of Page
Pomona College Magazine • 550 N. College Ave, Claremont, CA 91711 •
Contact us for editorial matters


text:
Burt's Bees Radiance Facial Cleanser with Royal Jelly
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With royal jelly to enhance skin's natural radiance. Removes dirt, oil and make-up. Our lightweight cleanser removes dirt, oil and make-up, revealing a smooth and radiant complexion. This mild formula combines a gentle plant-based cleansing complex with jojoba beads and fruit acid complex to help encourage normal skin cell turnover. Royal jelly, one of nature's most nutritious substances, is added to help enhance skin's natural radiance. Dermatologist tested. 99.2% natural. Natural Products Association certified. No animal testing. 80% post-consumer content. Natural Health & Beauty Care products for the greater good. Learn more at www.burtsbees.com. Made in USA.
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Water, Decyl Glucoside, Carthamus Tinctorius (Safflower) Oleosomes, Sodium Cocoyl Hydrolyzed Soy Protein, Glycerin, Royal Jelly, Tocopherol, Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Butter, Hydrogenated Jojoba Oil, Vaccinium Myrtillus Fruit Extract, Saccharum Officinarum (Sugar Cane) Extract, Acer Saccharum (Sugar Maple) Extract, Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Fruit Extract, Citrus Medica Limonum (Lemon) Fruit Extract, Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Extract, Gluconic Acid, Fragrance, Coco-Glucoside, Glyceryl Oleate, Glucose, Xanthan Gum, Citric Acid, Sodium Benzoate, Sodium Chloride, Glycine Soja (Soybean) Oil, Canola Oil, Glucose Oxidase, Lactoperoxidase, Butylphenyl Methylpropional, Hexyl Cinnamal, Hydroxycitronellal, Linalool.
Wet hands and face. Dispense product into hands. Gently massage over skin, avoiding contact with the eye area and rinse thoroughly.


text:
Monitoring and Evaluation
Effective Monitoring & Evaluation of community development programs can improve management, accountability, participation, trust, learning, efficiency and development impacts. Monitoring is as much about building relationships, trust and mutual learning as it is about collecting and reporting data. Wide participation in monitoring is critical because diverse stakeholder groups are working towards overlapping but not precisely the same goals. Relevant tools in this section include Logical Framework Analysis, Participatory Indicator Development, Goal Attainment Scaling, Community Scorecards, Global Reporting Initiative and Social Impact Analysis.
This tool is in draft format and under review. It is intended to help corporate community development practitioners who are not experts in monitoring and evaluation to design, implement and assess their programs in ways that include communities in the definition and realization of success, and as result have the intended impact. Importantly, this should be used as a launch pad for local application--adaptation will be essential.
This study explores how communities and companies can engage in co-planning and monitoring to ensure sustainable local development benefits from the extraction of resources. Within the context of a spectrum of participation a variety of tools and mechanisms are presented in the paper. Some of these tools have been used primarily in the public sector, however companies stand to benefit from the tools in forms that are adapted to context, as they are potential vehicles to increase transparency, and thus accountability of companies, communities and governments.
The ISO 14000 family addresses various aspects of environmental management. It provides practical tools for companies and organizations looking to identify and control their environmental impact and constantly improve their environmental performance. ISO 14001:2004 and ISO 14004:2004 focus on environmental management systems. The other standards in the family focus on specific environmental aspects such as life cycle analysis, communication and auditing.
This guide highlight good practice in designing participatory monitoring programs as a form of socio-environmental management. The concepts and examples presented here are drawn from the many experiences and cases of the extractive industries. Best international practice has served as a guiding principle to organize the information and to incorporate the lessons learned from these experiences.
Companies concerned about their social and environmental impacts have a new tool for measuring and monitoring their activities. the Measuring Impact Framework to help companies measure and assess the impact of their business activities on economic and broader development goals wherever they operate.
The term "resource curse" was coined to reflect the paradox in which some resource-rich nations have achieved less economic growth than other countries with poor mineral potential. As part of a broad effort to better understand the factors that either inhibit or promote social and economic development linked to largescale mining projects, the ICMM launched an action-research project known as the Resource Endowment Initiative with the World Bank Group, the United Nations, and various stakeholders. One of its key goals is to find ways to ensure better social and development outcomes from large-scale mining investments.
The guide outlines the use of Social Impact Assessments by the oil and gas industry. It provides managers of existing oil and gas operations or new projects with an understanding of how to make the best use of SIAs.
A partnership comprised of International Finance Corporation, Rio Tinto Alcan and Deloitte with additional support from the Government of Norway and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency has successfully developed a pilot version of the Planning and Financial Valuation Tool for Sustainability Investments that quantifies the value of sustainability investments, allowing the user to plan according.


text:
|« Back to Article
Galveston spending $140K to put smelly seaweed to work
By Robert Stanton : July 1, 2013 : Updated: July 2, 2013 6:41am
Photo By Forrest M. Mims III/For the Express-News
Carson (left) and Cadan Hanson joined a pair of sea gulls at a Galveston beach littered only with seaweed on the 2012 Fourth of July holiday.
Photo By Johnny HansonLuis Lopez of Kemah clears a path through seaweed as he and his family spent the day at West Beach in Galveston. The Texas Open Beach Act ruling was cited in a Park Board decision to cut cleanup services.
Photo By Forrest Mims III/For the Express-News
Drifts of sargassum, or seaweed, form thick mats along miles of Galveston Island beaches.
Photo By Chris Paschenko/Associated PressSmall, thick, wet oil masses were also visible in the seaweed over a roughly 2.5-mile span near Galveston's Bermuda Beach, Monday, May 20, 2013. (AP Photo/The Galveston County Daily News, Chris Paschenko)
Photo By Johnny Hanson/Houston ChronicleNicole Glenn with S-n-G Horseback Riding leads Angela Smith and Gerard Daniels of Houston on a beach horseback ride along Jamaica Beach Monday, Dec. 10, 2012, in Galveston. Daniels took his girlfriend Smith on the horseback ride for her birthday. "I've never done this before," Daniels said. "It's relaxing."
Photo By Galveston CVBA pilot program will use Sargassum, commonly known as seaweed, to shore up Galveston's protective dunes.
Photo By Galveston CVBA pilot program will use Sargassum, commonly known as seaweed, to shore up Galveston's protective dunes.
A pilot program will use seaweed to shore up Gal- veston's protective dunes and spur vegetation.
It's soggy, unsightly and doesn't smell too good, but Sargassum - better known as seaweed - could help Galveston survive major hurricanes.
To that end, the Galveston Park Board of Trustees has agreed to spend $140,000 on a project that will rely on Sargassum to create "seaweed-enhanced sand dunes" to shore up the island's beaches. The pilot program will focus on West End beaches.
"It's part of our ecosystem, so any kind of beneficial use we can find for that material would be highly advantageous, both from an environmental and management standpoint, to make sure our beaches are clean and enjoyable for all of our beachgoers," said Kelly de Schaun, Park Board executive director.
Officials plan to collect washed-up Sargassum from Galveston beaches, bale it and incorporate the compressed material into the sand dune to add protective volume and spur natural dune vegetation, according to Jens Figlus of Texas A&M University at Galveston, the project manager.
For now, the Sargassum-enhanced dunes should provide immediate protection against storm surges and wave impact, according to the proposal presented to the university for review. In the coming years and decades, the material will decay and spur dune vegetation that will help sustain and even grow the dunes.
The Park Board will fund about $60,000 of the project, and will seek $80,000 through the Coastal Erosion and Planning Response Act, de Schaun said.
A companion project will be a survey to identify the visitors to Galveston beaches and the amenities and services that they would like.
The University of Houston's Hilton College of Hotel and Restaurant Management will conduct the $73,744 survey. The Park Board will contribute $30,000 toward it, with the remainder requested from the Texas General Land Office, which administers the coastal erosion funding program.


text: MANKATO (TEC News) -- A student at Mankato East is under investigation after he allegedly brought bullets to school this week. Police were at first told that students had reported on Wednesday that one of their classmates had both a gun and ammo in school on Tuesday. Investigators talked to students, and according to Commander Amy Vokal, learned he had showed the bullets to other students and had bragged about "stealing" a gun. Through their investigation, the claims of having stolen a gun have not check out. Vokal says police have spoken to the individual the student had claimed to have stolen a gun from and that person was not missing any weapons. But authorities have said they "confirmed" the 13-year-old boys did have the bullets in school. Vokal wouldn't say what caliber the ammo was. According the Vokal, the incident remains under investigation. Vokal today lamented about the fact students did not report the incident to school officials until the next day. Police would encourage students to report anything out of the ordinary to school officials immediately.


text:
WORCESTER, Mass. – For the third straight week, Holy Cross freshman guard Alex Smith (Delran, N.J.) has earned Anaconda Patriot League Rookie of the Week honors for her performances against Patriot League foes Navy and American. She averaged 12.5 points and four rebounds per game, sinking 50 percent of her three-point field goal attempts (seven of 14).
Smith led the team in scoring for the ninth time this season in the week's second match-up with American on Feb. 19, scoring 16 points. She made four three-pointers against the Eagles and finished with six field goals made in nine attempts. Previously against Navy, Smith tied for the team-high with five assists, also tying her season-high for the sixth time. She scored nine points, added four rebounds and did not make one turnover. She finished the week with a 4.0 assist/turnover ratio, dishing out eight assists and committing just two total turnovers. On the season, Smith leads the squad with 86 assists and ranks second in team scoring, averaging 11.7 points per game.
Holy Cross (9-18, 5-7) looks to return to form with a win over Colgate (7-19, 2-10) in its last home game of the regular season on Wednesday, Feb. 23. The Crusaders and Raiders will match-up at the Hart Center in Worcester, Mass., beginning at 7:00 p.m.


text:
Pokémon collected within Black, White, and their sequels can be transferred to Pokémon X and Y, it has been confirmed.
Today's scheduled Pokémon Direct saw Game Freak's Junichi Masuda reveal that players will be able to download an application called Poké Transporter, which will work in tandem with Pokémon Bank.
With any of the Nintendo DS titles in your 3DS card slot, you can upload any gathered Pokémon to the cloud service from which they can then be transported into your Pokémon X and/or Y copy.
Game Freak's Junich Masuda adds, "For everyone whose played the Pokémon series for a long time, I'm sure all the Pokémon you have trained are very important to you. So I hope you can take them with you and make them come alive in Pokémon X and Pokémon Y."
Alex Seedhouse+ Alex's early adoration for Nintendo began with a Yellow Game Boy and a copy of Donkey Kong Land. This developed over the years, later peaking when he hid in his room to play The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time one Christmas. Nowadays, his enthusiasm is shared through Nintendo Insider, a place in which he can document his thoughts regarding the big N.
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text:
- Attorney General Brad D. Schimel
- Fighting Crime
- Victim Assistance
- Consumer Protection
- Media Center
- About Department of Justice
- Topical Index
This Google™ translation feature is provided for informational purposes only.
The Office of the Attorney General is unable to guarantee the accuracy of this translation and is therefore not liable for any inaccurate information resulting from the translation application tool.
Please consult with a translator for accuracy if you are relying on the translation or are using this site for official business.Contact the Department of Justice
SHEBOYGAN - On July 28, 2010, a fire occurred at the Lakeshore Pallet Company located at 5504 County Highway V, in the Town of Wilson, Sheboygan County. Investigators from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF), the Wisconsin Department of Justice Division of Criminal Investigation, the Sheboygan County Sheriff's Department, and the Sheboygan County Fire Investigation Unit, announced today that the ATF National Response Team has ruled the Lakeshore Pallet Company fire as an arson.
A reward of up to $10,000 is being offered by ATF and the Wisconsin Arson Insurance Council for information leading to the arrest of the person or persons responsible for the July 28th arson fire that destroyed the Lakeshore Pallet Company.
We are asking for the public's help to apprehend the person or persons who are responsible. Any citizens that may have been traveling on County Highway V between I-43 and County Highway A during the hours of 9 p.m. to 11p.m. on Wednesday, July 28th who may have observed any unusual activity, persons or vehicles, and who feel they may have relevant information are asked to contact the Wisconsin Arson Tip Line at
1-800-362-3005. Information maybe left anonymously. Information can also be e-mailed to email@example.com. We appreciate the assistance of the media in getting this information out to the community.
ATF Special Agent in Charge Bernard J. Zapor stated, "Arson is a crime of violence. This incident has also caused an economic hardship for the community."
"The diverse resources, skills and expertise that were brought to bear in this investigation cannot be over emphasized in such a situation and criminal act. An arson of this size and magnitude requires this type of cooperation and vast array of investigative skills in order to be successful," said Captain David L. Adams of the Sheboygan County Sheriff's Department.
"We continue to assist the Sheboygan County Sheriff's Department through the State Fire Marshall's Office. Our efforts will continue through the course of this investigation," said Attorney General J.B. Van Hollen.
Due to the fact that the investigation is ongoing, no further investigative details are being released at this time.
Questions concerning this case should be directed to the Sheboygan County Sheriff's Office at (920) 459-3112.
This is a joint press release from the Sheboygan County Sheriff's Department, the Wisconsin Department of Justice and the Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) Agency.


text:
MMA News
Report: Eye's Cannabis Levels So Low She Could Work For The Feds
UFC bantamweight, Jessica Eye, recently got popped for pot and put on a probationary suspension by the state of Texas. Subsequently, the MMA world turned against her, media and fans alike. (not us though)
Now it comes out, thanks to the good guys over at ESPN, that she tested positive for just 16 ng/ML marijuana metabolites.
The 16ng is the key to understanding the level of drugs in her system. It's virtually nothing.
According to our guys over at MMA.TV her levels were so low that the Texas Athletic Commission is the only organization that really cares.
Here's their breakdown:
Mandatory Guidelines for Federal Workplace Drug Testing Programs have a cutoff of 50 ng/ML. World Anti-Doping Agency has a threshold of 150 ng/ML. Eye was at 11% of the level that would have been okay for the Olympics. No fighter should compete high, or for that matter drunk, but penalizing someone in this day and age for 16 ng/ML is an embarrassment to the sport.
Multiple studies have shown that 16 ng/ML is consistent with passive smoking:
•The first study was conducted by Perez-Reyes and co-workers in 1983. (1-3) The study consisted of three different experiments; one conducted in an automobile, and two in a small room. Of the specimens collected for analysis, two specimens were found positive for THC metabolites by the EMIT screening test at a cutoff level of 20 ng/ml.
•Morland et al. (5) performed a study in which subjects in a car smoked marijuana… The subjects passively exposed to marijuana smoke did show occasional urine specimens that were positive at concentrations ranging from 14 to 30 ng/ml of total THC metabolites.
12 Responses to "Report: Eye's Cannabis Levels So Low She Could Work For The Feds"
Texas is a strict state. i guts she was justified in defending herself.
Texas is not a strict state. It's just another example of corruption at the State Athletic Commission.
With this knowledge I wouldn't fight in Texas anymore.
Dude , you can't fight anyways…you're too old and burned out….relax now.
Thats crazy…..
LMAO!!!….ANY LEVELS means she is a poison taking cheater!!! This shit doesn't naturally exist in a human being. Therefore, logic dictates, that she poisoned herself and she IS A CHEATER!! damn its obvious.
Wow, I'd love some of whatever you've been smoking.
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Activity Feed
Register or sign in to start receiving activity updates from around Kongregate!
Complete Initialization for 10 kreds
Congratulations! You've completed your Kongregate account!
Keep exploring Kongregate with more badges and games!
Hide the progress bar forever?
Topic: Kongregate Multiplayer Games /
[Backyard Monsters] [Story Time] <-STORM> "The vets of BYM"
I accepted you, soap.
Topic: Kongregate Multiplayer Games /
[Backyard Monsters]
Mr Helpfulman. I simply laugh at the name. It seems you are quite full of your self, now. Your essay's are quite laughable. They state nothing "helpful". I choose not to get any "compensation" from Kixeye. They are a joke as a company. You yourself are a joke. You had no high level, no great number of ops. You speak from ignorance. No offense to Clark or Nam, but damn, glad I took TTR down myself.
Topic: Kongregate Multiplayer Games /
[Backyard Monsters] [Recruiting] The Flames of Avarice!
Hey guys, hope everyone is well. I want to make a few comments about what I have seen in gameplay over on FB. Although we all have to rebuild, it's much quicker. You start with as many Kozu as you can handle, and are never short of resources. When you get the champ chamber( go for it asap ) the juice method works VERY well. I did not think I would like FB. I hate FB in general. Some of the things I thought are not true. There is a way to have in game chat with friends. It's pretty fun, feels like a new game in many ways. To all the people that don't want to create a FB, just make a "fake" one, and run in incognito mode on Chrome. I call for as many of my friends here in FoA to at least give FB a try. I was surprised.
Thanks guys. Mark.
Green, I don't disagree with much you have said. BR was created to continue Kong's community, and I hope people will flock to it. We made it for Kong members to keep in touch, and as a FB alliance page. We have a chat, forums, etc. The only way we will fade is if we have no support. Last I saw it was around 40 members, and climbing. A game is is game, people are people, and so on. I will continue to support the people.
Topic: Kongregate Multiplayer Games /
[Backyard Monsters] {Recruiting} eXorsus Gaming
Hey guys. I've been called on to take 3 of the top 30 EB's down. I have an alt next to Ridogs new empire. I planned to take him out, but I need to move that account now. Let me know if anyone needs an invite to Ridog for fun. 3 of the top 30, probably my greatest test. Going in solo.
Topic: Kongregate Multiplayer Games /
[Backyard Monsters] {NOT Recruiting anymore} The Dragon Knights (TDK)
If Jeff is there, I'll run him out again. Just as Myself and others did to DD.
Grats to San Fran, Spy. Hope they go all the way!!
Atom, to find your Server, look at the Coords 0×0 on your map. The person who resides there is considered the map "owner", and that is the name of the server.
Originally posted by Dreadfiend999:Wave: Ok wave, I understand thanks.
Ady: Alterego? and of snap!? lol I don't think so. :)
Seven: Ok first, "ouch" on your comment. I'm not a bad player seven, you shouldn't go telling people that I suck and that it wasn't good to put me in TDK. But if that's how you feel, so be it, good for you.
Wave: Ok wave, I understand thanks.
Ady: Alterego? and of snap!? lol I don't think so. :)
Seven: Ok first, "ouch" on your comment. I'm not a bad player seven, you shouldn't go telling people that I suck and that it wasn't good to put me in TDK. But if that's how you feel, so be it, good for you.
Reread my post. This is was I was talking about, not your quality as a player.
I'll put my honest opinion out here, as I care what happens here. Good choice on Killhim, sort of a miss on Dread. He is not TDK caliber material in my eyes, I hold you guys pretty high. I will not put down Dread or any decision about accepting him. You guys know me well enough to know I would never tell you how to run things. I simply offer what I say as a friend. There is a reason certain awards were given to certain alliances, lol.
As far as Wendigo saying FoA declared war, Trololol. Too bad Daniel was not on at that point.
As I told bored, I will tell the rest of my friends. If bym43lvl43bym shows up again, let me know. I have chased him off maps a few times. Funny how he recycled this time after I told him I would come there to help bored. Always willing to help if I can guys.
No, pretty sure it's not compromised. Was most likely some sort of trojan or something. If anyone receives any more spam from me, let me know and I will try changing the pass.
Welcome to FoA, obby.
Gratz Sebi. Would have happened sooner if it were not for me, lol. Kisahpi is my new target. Taken 40 ops with nothing back, good loot too.10,10,10,5
I ran "Spy"bot, caught some things. Not sure if it's fixed or not. Add me to the spamlist, I will tell you if I send anything important. Yep, At&t. For now Justin, enjoy great deals on Cialis, the latest fashions, and local singles who want to meet you in your area, tonight!
Topic: Kongregate Multiplayer Games /
[Backyard Monsters] Recruiting †‡† The Exalted Crusaders [TEC] †‡† Level 38+
Really sad, Gam3. Really, really sad. Good job damaging your alliance's rep even further. Not much left to do for TECR now….
Topic: Kongregate Multiplayer Games /
[Backyard Monsters] [recruiting all WMs, Level 45 up] Teutoburg Forest (The Most Wanton Alliance)
Greetings from FoA, Forest Dwellers. :)
Topic: Kongregate Multiplayer Games /
[Backyard Monsters] {Recruiting}The Backyarders Alliance
Justin like to spam? How many posts were removed from TEC in the past hour, the ones by you?
Guess what, Justin did not get the next post, ;)
Then war it is. I give you only them, no one else. Ok, fine. You can have Gibson too. He has a truffle fetish, though.
So you want Justin and Dan? Terms accepted, now I am the sole leader of FoA. Bwahahaha
Sneezes-Oops, think I blew away The Backyardigans…… ;p
Welcome to FoA, Infinite, glad to have you aboard. Someone named Denver is taking all these ops on my map, can someone send me a jumper? ;P
Skull, I said no. Now stop sending me that photo of you in a towel. Justin is the truffle farmer…
Sounds good Jake. I did level him though, weeks ago. I doubt he is happy.
Topic: Kongregate Multiplayer Games /
[Backyard Monsters] Backyard monsters broken
His workers seem to be mired, Dvd ;)
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text:
Toshiba to Drop HD DVD (rumor?)
View Single Post
Student @ DigiPen
Join Date: Jan 2005
Posts: 4,069
Re: Toshiba to Drop HD DVD (rumor?)
Originally Posted by
you only say this to get people all worked up.
unless you really are as big of a sony fanboy as you appear to be. in which case, youre just pathetic.
well, if BD is the way to go then ill probably pick up a PS3 this summer. then i can have a linux box and a BD player. ill stick with games on 360, unless theres a PS3 exclusive that i really want.
actually blu-ray has caught up a lot since it first launched. right now it's as good as hd dvd but with few advantages i.e. more supports from studios (means more movies to choose from) and whatnot also it's being used for games and larger capabity.
only if they'll start to push profile 1.1 and 2.0 player out asap. but that doesn't really hurt because you're STILL able to watch 1.1 and 2.0 enabled discs on 1.0 player just fine, only that you wan't be able to access those features until you upgrade or so.
also again, blu-ray isn't entirely made by sony...
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text:
Preheat oven to 425. Pulse pecans in a food processor until finely ground. Add cup thyme, the lemon thyme, honey, oil, salt, and pepper, and process until combined. Transfer to a bowl, and stir in remaining 2 tablespoons thyme. Set aside 2 tablespoons herb mixture.
Halve turkey horizontally, and spread half of the herb mixture on each piece of turkey. Starting at one short end, roll turkey up, and tie with kitchen twine. Spread reserved herb mixture over the top of each roulade, and then transfer to a rimmed baking sheet.
Roast until a meat thermometer registers 160, 25 to 30 minutes. Let cool 5 to 10 minutes, and then cut into 1/4-inch-thick slices. Garnish with thyme sprigs.


text:
Top Deadliest And Most Intimidating DC Villains of All Time
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Nearly 100 Photos From the Independence Day Resurgence Set!
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I think it a little ironic the the PD writes in support of Jumpstart as a viable economic development organization for northeast Ohio and when presented with facts from the community about its reported outcomes, refuses to investigate further. Why is this? Critics have presented, over the course of the last 15 months, a littany of evidence that this organization actually produces little of what it claims. Raising the discourse of this topic is certain to find reputable journalism somewhere, too bad it won't be from the same bearer of community standards that the PD claims it is! The only rubber stamp left in this debate now seems to be the PD! Get off your butts and do some work, don't just rely on the PR machine at Jumpstart for your information!
As another commentator posted, in case the PD is citing this 4/29/10 press announcement (http://ilo.osu.edu/2010/04/29/third-frontier-accomplishments-add-up/) as evidence of the effectiveness of the Third Frontier, we would further remind readers that the two principals who authored this study left SRI soon after it was published and became employees of Jumpstart... Hmmm… In addition, the contents and details of this study were never released to the public so that the claims of; "...OTF is credited with creating more than 500 companies and attracting $3.5 billion in additional investment to Ohio," could be corroborated!
The announcement, placed on the ODOD website further mentions: "In a late 2009 editorial, the Cleveland Plain Dealer said that "Without a doubt, Ohio's most effective economic development initiative is the Third Frontier program of investment in commercially promising, cutting-edge technologies…." "
We request, under what criteria and measurable outcomes a responsible journalistic enterprise defends such a statement? This is not the position of someone from the community but an editorial of the newspaper itself. One would hope that the trust placed in a media outlet can produce some material evidence of the claim they make. Otherwise, we might need to start referring to the PD as the "FOX Dealer"!
The most glaringly obvious problem with this editorial is that no one at the PD actually did any journalism here. Exactly what previous reports were read that extolled the virtues of Third Frontier Funding or Jumpstart's effectiveness???? The only report I've ever seen was one written by a professor at CSU who studied the economic impact of Jumpstart's work in northeast Ohio. One in which I and several other critics have exposed as phony! Not that the CSU researcher did anything wrong, but that she was only paid to study the figures given to her by Jumpstart themselves. She assumed they were accurate and that it was not part of her contract to validate the numbers.
You can bet that when a government funded, non-profit entity refuses to independently validate their outcomes, it usually means that the outcomes are not pretty.
Not a single, independent audit of Third Frontier spending outcomes has ever been produced until announced by Mr. Kvamme... certainly a man with a track record to know what to measure and how! It will be interesting to see the results and how they were ascertained and what will be done in the future to continue the transparencies of Third Frontier funding!
I congratulate the Governor and Mr. Kvamme for finally beginning to measure what the return on investment is to the taxpayers of the state of Ohio for creating new jobs. I assert that staffers at Jumpstart are beginning to preparing their resumes!
Ron Copfer
Thanks to all, supporters or critics of Jumpstart, who took the time to attend last night's event and listen to the dialogue that will have an impact on the future economic condition of our community. To those attending and expressing their opinion of it "being a waste of time," had I been given an opportunity thereafter to respond, I would have told you publicly what I am telling you now, (and in which my father was very prone to expressing); "there's the door... don't let it hit you in the ass on the way out!"
Yesterday's event was much more than just an expose on the integrity and transparency of an organization that says it is committed to certain ideals... and then does what many an ego will do if there is no accountability; it develop its own metrics that help not only its financial status but also its self-imposed value proposition within the community that had formed it.
As one of the architects of the inception of this organization, I can only speak to what was originally intended by its formation and what I still perceive as a glaring need in our community.... an asset that can provide seed, or pre-seed financing to new business ventures. Period. And, according to the source of most of its funding, seed and pre-seed organizations should be its only priority.
The criticisms against Jumpstart do not belong solely to them. These critical arrows are as much targeted at the Ohio Department of Development (ODOD) as they are to any one local organization accepting state taxpayer dollars without any real accountability. Herein lies the issue; ODOD, thru the Third Frontier (a state taxpayer funded pot of money) issues grants in the millions of dollars to many organizations all across the state. Like Jumpstart, these organizations, (many of which are jam-packed with high salaried executives that take away most of those monies as compensation) have every intention of doing good deeds via their well thought-out and well written grant applications.
The ODOD (and trust me, outside of Gov. Kasich's' recent appointment of Mark Kvamme, not a one has ever started any kind of business themselves) grants these taxpayer dollars to organizations trusting them to report back to the ODOD the results of their spending. It doesn't take a Sloan MBA to figure out how those results are going to be reported if no one creates a structure of real accountability around those reports. How we, as taxpayers in the State of Ohio, want our hard-earned dollars to be used to create a new economic future can be debated ad-infinitum... what cannot and should never be debated is our accountability for measuring and reporting the results of those decisions.
That's what this discussion and debate is about. If you agree or disagree and the merits of our criticism about the "model" of Jumpstart or any other grantees of Third Frontier monies, what can never be obfuscated in an open and free society is the transparency and integrity of what we are producing with this public money. Without integrity-based results, we cannot and will never be able to have an honest and open debate about what kind of "model" should be employed and how it develops a new economic condition in our State.
As the gatekeeper in Northeast Ohio for reporting on the interests of the taxpayers in the State of Ohio, I strongly urge and call for the Plain Dealer to allow a side-by-side Editorial to be written by both sides in this debate. Only after a complete vetting of the obstacles to truth, will we ever have the opportunity to fairly and openly discuss the future direction that economic development in our state should be designed.


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s, in my experience, to tell quite perceptibly in favour of those who make up their minds and hold to that decision firmly, rather than towards such men as seek counsel of the multitude and trim their sail to the tame breeze of precedent.
"Always go straight for a jump," my father had shouted to me once, years ago, while I sat up in a Norfolk ditch and watched my horse disappear through a gap in the next hedge.
I awoke on the morning after the centenary fêtes without any doubt in my mind--being still determined to seek a situation for which I was unfitted.
Having quarrelled with my father, who obstinately refused to pay a few debts such as no young man living in London could, with self-respect, avoid, I was still in the enjoyment of a small annual income left to me by a mother whom I had never seen--upon whose grave in the old, disused churchyard at Hopton I had indeed been taught to lay a few flowers before I fully realised the meaning of such tribute. That my irate old sire had th


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Posted: November 14th, 2012
Free concert by Norwegian pianist
A Norwegian pianist will be giving a free concert tonight in Millcreek Township.
Erik Jensen will be playing a program of Scandinavian composers and sharing insights on the spirituality of music, organizers said.
His performance will take place at 7 p.m. at the Unitarian Universalist Congregation of Erie, 7180 Perry Highway. Call (814) 866-2040 to learn more.
Posted in: Uncategorized


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By Carol McIntire
March 27, 2013
Commissioner Robert "Bob" Wirkner outlined a plan last week he hopes will benefit both the Carroll County Sheriff's Department and the Dog Pound.
Wirkner discussed the idea during last Thursday's commissioners meeting, which was attended by Sheriff Dale Williams and Dog Warden Ken Ohler.
"I would like to see us share services," Wirkner stated. "I have received some complaints about the Sheriff's Department K-9 dogs being in the back seat of the officer's car parked in front of the Sheriff's Department," he said. "I would like for us to have a place inside the dog pound to keep the dogs when they are on duty with their handler. It would be a nice place to put the dogs, especially in the summer months." He noted the idea is only for when the dogs are on duty with their handlers, not meant to be utilized during off-duty hours.
Carroll County has two K-9 dogs, one which works with a full-time officer and the other which works with a part-time, on-call deputy.
Sheriff Williams said he would be "happy to work with dog pound officials to work out arrangements."
Wirkner asked Ohler about the condition of the dog pound and suggestions for improvement projects.
"How about the roof, the outside of the building and floor?" he asked. "Do we need to replace the roof, paint the outside of any of the buildings or the floor?"
Ohler said dog pound officials have painted the floor but have had trouble with paint not adhering to the concrete surface. He said the roof was replaced "a few years ago."
"How sanitary is the floor with the pores in the cement?" Wirkner asked. "Can't we find something that will stick to the floor so we can get a good coat of paint on it?"
"Spring is coming," he said. "The sheriff has trustees available. Now is the time to do any necessary repairs."
Commissioner Tom Wheaton suggested they do a "walk through" of the dog pound and make a list of needed repairs and proceed from that point.
Wirkner also asked Ohler about the use of a cell phone in his duties as dog warden.
"I've tried to call you using the cell phone number we have and it doesn't work," Wirker said.
"I don't have a cell phone anymore," Ohler replied. "I tried it and it doesn't work. We are using the hand-held radios to communicate."
"How do we get hold of you on weekends and in the evening?" Wirkner asked.
"When the Sheriff needs me he calls the house and leaves a message on the machine. When I get home, I call him back. I was told if I was on call I didn't have to sit at home if I had an answering service."
Wirkner asked Ohler if he feels a cell phone would be beneficial in his duties as dog warden to which Ohler replied, "Just call the dog pound, Laura can get hold of me using the radio."
In other business commissioners:
-HEARD Williams express appreciation to Wirkner for assistance in securing the donation of pickup truck from Chesapeake Energy to replace a worn-out truck used by the Sheriff's Department. Williams said Chesapeake is donating a 2011 four-door, short-bed 4x4 truck with about 100,000 miles. Wirkner noted the high mileage will not affect the truck as they are well-maintained by Chesapeake.
-ACCEPTED the quote of Community Title in Carrollton to complete title searches for property involved in the Moving Ohio Forward Demolition Program. Grant Administrator Marshal Bleckman contacted three companies seeking quotes and Community Title was the only one to respond with a price of $150 per report.
-AGREED to accept bids until 9:30 a.m. April 18 in the commissioners office to pave the following streets using funds from the Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) FY 12 program: South St. in Loudon Twp., Murray Ave. and Pennock streets in Minerva, Reed St. in Malvern and Carrollton, Davie and West streets in Dellroy.
-RECEIVED the weekly dog pound report showing eight dogs impounded and 13 tagged. There was one citation issued to an owner without a proper license and one to the owner of a dog running at large.
-AGREED to accept bids for the 2013 Carroll County Highway Department's box culvert replacement project until April 29 at 9:30 a.m. Specifications are available at the highway department, 200 Kensington Rd., Carrollton.
-LEARNED Commissioner Jeff Ohler met with village officials and Brown Twp./Malvern Sewer District Manager Ralph Castellucci to discuss long range planning for water and sewer services in the county. Ohler said the next step is for Castellucci to meet with Mike Leslie, the village's sewer department manager.
-LEARNED from Ohler the landfill closure case is moving forward and the plan to finalize the closure of the landfill should "be in the hands of the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) within 30 days."
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These posts do not reflect the views of the The Free Press Standard or its employees.
©2013 The Free Press Standard
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- GW Home
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Welcome to GSPM
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Posted at: 11/01/2012 9:16 PM
Updated at: 11/02/2012 8:07 AM
By: Maria Guerrero, KOB Eyewitness News 4
Is it possible a middle school student threatened to shoot classmates last year only to return this year and make another threat?
Several parents at Hoover Middle School say yes.
Although Albuquerque Public Schools suspended three male students yesterday, today there were twice as many absences at Hoover Middle School.
APS said 66 students were absent Wednesday, 134 students were absent Thursday.
Going forward, parents are expressing concern over one student in particular.
"If he comes back, I don't know what we'll do. Because we don't feel safe," said Nancy Jones of Albuquerque.
Jones said an 8th grade boy is a real danger to Hoover Middle School. She said he threatened to shoot her son and other students last school year.
"I was able to tell the principal about what was going on and the authorities came and he was suspended for the rest of the school year. But he's back now," she said.
Jones and other parents tell KOB-TV the boy is one of three Hoover 8th graders suspended Wednesday after a student alerted the principal to a disturbing drawing.
The drawing had five names on it, including the boy in question.
It depicted guns and the school cafeteria. Albuquerque police interviewed the five students, two aren't APS students.
The boy's mother spoke with KOB-TV off-camera late Thursday night.
She admits her son threatened another student last year and was suspended. She said he threatened the student with having men with AK47s come after him because he felt threatened by that student. But she denies her son had anything to do with plot to shoot classmates this week.
She said the cryptic document handed over to the principal was just a drawing from a video game. She says the fact that the cafeteria was drawn on the paper was just part of the make-believe scene. She said her son had no idea his name was on it and hopes he can return to school.
All five denied a plot. A sixth person believed to possibly be involved in the threat has not been found, said APS.
Albuquerque police allowed school to continue as normal after it was determined the threat was not credible.
"I cannot. I have absolutely no knowledge of that," said APS spokesperson Monica Armenta when asked whether one of the five students had made a previous threat.
APS can't comment on the specific student Jones is talking about.
Armenta explains it would violate the Federal Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act.
The district's disciplinary policy says "automatic expulsion" would happen if a student brought a gun to school or a school event.
But, it also states a school can recommend expulsion if a student has been suspended long-term, two or more times.
And that's what Jones hopes will happen.
Jones said she is concerned the boy would carry out a school shooting.
"I am very concerned that maybe a year or two or something he is so fixated about this that he'll possibly be able to do that."
APS credits its system called Safe School Response Plan.
It encourages students to report anything they think might be suspicious.
APS says students alerted school officials in both the Hoover case and the Hillerman case a month and a half ago.


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Flyfishing Northwest with David Williams
Suffering from gas price blues but still need your fly fishing fix? David Williams reveals where to go within 30 miles of Seattle with an occasional overnight trip for when you've just gotta leave town.
Monthly Archive for November, 2008
So today was the Northwest Fly Anglers outing to Chico Creek. Such a pretty day on the water. Too bad the fish have all come and gone–hardly even any frayed ones left. At least we had a nice day for lentil soup and hot cider, fixed off the tailgate of Steve Bohnemeyer's truck. [Read More]
So there I was, minding my own business, getting work done before heading off to court, when my wife, coming back across the lake after viewing a supercool Laurelhurst house for a client, called. She said today was the day I should get out on the water to shoot more chum salmon images. What could I do when encouraged like that but get my stuff together so I could change clothes at riverside after court? [Read More]
Chico Creek
Wow! Look at the gillnet gauntlet. The gillnetters had their nets strung from shore to shore Friday, November 14 so there were few fish coming into the creek. Only saw one fish, a bright silver, landed. I had one hit, but lost the hookset when the fish streaked directly at me. Many feet of slack line is not a good thing. [Read More]
Beaver Lake
Here's a report from November 11 on Beaver Lake from Matt Baerwalde, a fellow Northwest Fly Angler. [Read More]


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Amber Rose is the latest fly girl to grace Complex Magazine with a fierce photo shoot. In the interview, she talks candidly about her sexuality, her relationship with Kanye and her thoughts on marriage:
On meeting Kanye
I was always a huge fan of him, like who isn't? But he had a fiancée, it wasn't like, "Ah, I'm gonna get with Kanye!" When I met him, it was strictly business. He wanted me for his "Robocop" video and he had the utmost respect for me, and we hung out on a friendship/business type of deal. You know, just as normal human beings when you hang out with somebody, you start to like them. Kanye knew my life, so when the blogs came out like, "Oh, Kanye do you know she was a stripper, that she used to date girls?" Kanye was like, "Tell me something I don't know." Everybody has a life and a past.
On her relationship being a publicity stunt
Well, my intentions when I met Kanye was to do his video, keep it very professional and we really started to like each other. It just so happened that he started liking me and I started liking him. It's not a publicity stunt, it's just human beings, man. I love Kanye as a person, he's a great person, he's super-talented. I love him for a lot of different reasons.
On Being Bi-sexual
Yeah, they label me a bisexual freak stripper that f*cks Kanye on a daily basis. [Laughs.] You know: "Amber Rose, the f*cking bisexual, dyke, freak, whatever the f*ck." To answer that: I'm extremely open with my sexuality. I can be in love with a woman, I can be in love with a man. I'm not into bestiality [laughs] but as far as humans go, I definitely find beauty in everybody, whether they're heavy-set, super-skinny, if they're white, black, Indian, Asian, Spanish. I can see beauty in anybody. I'm not into threesomes or orgies and shit like that. If I see a women and I think she's beautiful and I like her, and she likes me back we can definitely try to be in a relationship together.
On her come up
Obviously, Kanye is a super-duper megastar so he definitely gave me the fast track to the top, and I love him and appreciate him so much for that.
On Being On The Blogs
This is my life, this is how my life's been since I was a kid. I've always been popular, my name has always been in somebody's mouth in high school. I don't lose no sleep over this sh*t.
On The Perception that women who dress provocatively are wild in bed
If a girl wears a short skirt or dress, men automatically think, "She wants it, and she's probably an animal in bed." I just want to feel sexy today, I don't want you. Men crack me up with that sh*t. Those rich college girls are the main ones who get it in and have orgy parties on tape. Then there's me—who stripped for seven years—who's a total prude. I have a raunchy mouth, but I'm so not into that stuff.
On Marriage
As of right now, I don't believe in marriage. I was raised by a single mother, so I don't feel I need to be married to be happy and live my life.
hmmm, I really don't believe in marriage either but that's a different story for a different day. Kanye and Ye is like a real life version of the movie "Pretty Woman". The relationship is working for the both of them (in my opinion). She's a dope bish! Peep the video:
Watch the video HERE:
See more pics and read the rest of the interview over at Complex Magazine


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Millions of people may become astronauts
USA Today said:
British entrepreneur and adventurer Richard Branson -- who, in the past three decades, launched airlines and who plans to launch spaceships soon -- predicts flights such as these reflect the next breakthrough in air travel.
In the next 30 years, he says, spaceflight will be nearly as common for travelers as taking a plane trip became for millions across the world in the past 30 years.
Read more...


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