text:
An oral syringe is disclosed herein for introducing a pressurized stream of water to the user for irrigating the gums and teeth for the purpose of massage and cleansing. A manual valve mechanism is interposed in a passageway provided in the handle of the syringe for stopping the conduction of the pressurized stream therethrough and for diverting the stream into a mixing chamber for combining the stream with another substance such as mouthwash or for conducting the stream to a discharge nozzle without mixing. The valve mechanism includes a depression action as well as a rotary action to achieve the control functions.
1. An oral hydrotherapeutic syringe for
delivering a fluid carrier stream to the teeth for effecting the cleaning thereof and for massaging the gums, the combination comprising:
a syringe having a central body portion;
a handle detachably connected to said body portion and provided with a mixing chamber for storing a quantity of mouthwash;
a nozzle detachably connected to said body portion for discharging said main carrier stream;
an attachment portion including an inlet chamber coupled to a source of pressurized fluid constituting said main carrier stream;
a control mechanism operably carried on said central body portion between said nozzle, said mixing chamber and said inlet chamber for selectively conducting said main carrier stream therebetween;
said control mechanism including a valve means responsive to manual depression for interconnecting said inlet chamber to said nozzle for discharge of said main carrier stream and responsive to rotation thereof in cooperation with axial rectilinear displacement of said valve means to interconnect said mixing chamber with said nozzle simultaneously with said interconnected inlet chamber for a combined discharge of said mouthwash with said main carrier stream;
said valve means includes an elongated spindle mounted for rectilinear and rotary movement on said central body portion;
at least three seals carried on said spindle is fixed spaced apart relationship so as to define a pair of annular fluid conducting chambers between adjacent seals;
a first chamber of said pair operable in response to a first depression of said valve means to interconnect said inlet chamber with said nozzle and said mixing chamber;
a second chamber of said pair operable in response to simultaneous rotation and a second further depression of said valve means to interconnect said mixing chamber with said nozzle simultaneously with said interconnection between said inlet chamber and said nozzle via said first chamber;
stop means limiting said rectilinear movement of said valve means;
said stop means includes a projection carried on one end of said spindle releasably engageable with a lip provided on said central body portion so as to prevent depression of said valve means beyond said intercommunication of said inlet chamber with said mixing chamber and said nozzle;
said stop means further includes interference of a selected one of said seals with said central body portion to arrest movement of said valve means so as to close communication between said inlet chamber with said mixing chamber and said nozzle;
spring biasing means yieldably urging said selected seal into engagement with said central body portion; and
indicia displayed on said central body portion for mixing and no-mixing; and
said valve means having a pushbutton carried on said spindle incorporating a pointer operable with said indicia to visually display the rotational position of said valve means.
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to oral hydrotherapeutic devices for the promotion of oral hygiene and, more particularly, to an improved oral syringe having a unique control valve for effecting a clear pressurized stream discharge or a discharge of stream water mixed with an augmenting substance and which further includes a stop control.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Medical science has demonstrated in the past that a thorough cleansing of teeth and gums greatly assists in protecting and promoting human health and comfort. Where trapped debris and microorganisms (and their metabolic products) are removed from the cervical surfaces of the teeth next to gum margins, calculus accumulation or tartar is prevented since the inorganic salts necessary for producing such accumulation will deposit and calcify only when the organic matrix of this deposit is present. When this removal process is accomplished by a fluid stream, the inherent cyclic pressure and relaxation results in increased circulation in the underlying tissues thereby promoting healthier gums.
For these reasons, mechanical devices for cleaning teeth and massaging gums have been heretofore widely proposed, and probably the instrument most commonly used today for such purposes is the toothbrush. There are, however, several serious disadvantages inherent in the utilization of toothbrushes for gum massage and teeth cleaning. For one thing, patience and practice are required to develop the necessary skill needed, since careless brush placement and vigorous scrubbing can puncture, lacerate and/or seriously bruise the facial gingiva. As a result, it is quite common to punctate lesions to appear as red pinpoint dots corresponding to the tips of the toothbrush bristles or as linear scratches where the bristle tips were drawn over the gums with excessive pressure. Consequently, it is not unusual for an overzealous toothbrush used with a new stiff-textured toothbrush to brush too long in one or two areas and thereby remove the surface epithelium, producing a raw, painful bruise.
While oral hydrotherapeutic syringes are known to be of great assistance and value for loosening debris adhering to and/or trapped between teeth, their utilization has heretofore been severly curtailed as a result of their complexity, costliness and the fact that they have been difficult to use and control. Perhaps more importantly, for such devices to achieve general acceptance, they must be able to be attached to, and detached from, common fluid sources such as home water faucets with a minimum of time and effort.
While numerous devices of this general purpose have been proposed in the past, they have generally fallen short of the accomplishment of the desired ends in various aspects. Many, for example, have been designed to become permanently affixed to the fluid source which, in the case of a home water faucet, necessarily interferes with the normal operation and utilization thereof.
Another aspect in which the prior art has fallen short is the narrow scope or purpose for which such devices have heretofore been proposed such as in the device described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,225,759 and 3,500,824. This scope has been expanded by the present invention which, in part, permits the user thereof to meter desired amounts of mouthwash into his or her mouth under pressure so that portions of the gums (or gingiva) between the teeth can be rinsed, disinfected and the debris flushed out from between crevices.
By selectively utilizing a mouthwash in conjunction with the cleaning and massaging action of the syringe, the soft tissues within the mouth are soothed, resulting in accelerated healing of sore spots. The removability feature of the mouthwash container also permits the user to utilize a variety of washes which are particularly suited to his or her needs such as mouthwashes containing various germicidal, astringent, deodorant, buffering or therapeutic properties.
The problems and difficulties encountered with conventional dental syringe devices for the promotion of oral hygiene are obviated by the present invention which provides, in one embodiment thereof, an elongated body having a control portion and a handle portion detachably connected thereto which is provided with a mixing chamber. A control valve mechanism is carried in the control portion and includes means for selectively intercommunicating the control portion with the mixing chamber of the handle and for interconnecting a pressurized water inlet with the mixing chamber or with a discharge nozzle. A feature of the invention resides in the fact that the control valve incorporates a valve mechanism which is rectilinear in movement when depressed for some control functions while rotary in action for other functions.
Therefore, it is among the primary objects of the present invention to provide a novel oral syringe for introducing a therapeutic mouthwash into the mouth under pressure and in conjunction with a pressurized main carrier stream of fluid for cleansing the teeth and massaging the gums.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel hand operated dental syringe capable of storing mouthwash and mixing the mouthwash with a main carrier stream via a control valve operable by depression and rotary action for performing various functions.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a novel hand held oral syringe having a control mechanism which is positive in nature and which is fool proof with respect to the control by the operator for performing a variety of functions.
Still a further object of the present invention is to provide a novel control mechanism for a hand held dental syringe which will operably connect a plurality of conduits or fluid passageways in a selected manner for permitting the issuance of a main carrier stream under pressure, mixing mouthwash with the main carrier stream or for inhibiting discharge of the main carrier stream from the device.
The features of the present invention which are believed to be novel are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The present invention, both as to its organization and manner of operation, together with further objects and advantages thereof, may best be understood by reference to the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross sectional view of the novel hand held dental syringe of the present invention illustrating the control mechanism in position for inhibiting the main carrier stream flow;
FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the hand held dental syringe shown in FIG. 1 illustrating the rotary position of the control mechanism;
FIG. 3 is a enlarged transverse cross sectional view of the control valve mechanism illustrating the mechanism in position for discharging the pressurized main carrier stream;
FIG. 4 is a view similar to the view of FIG. 3 illustrating the control mechanism in position for mixing the main carrier stream with the mouthwash ingredient for combined discharge through the nozzle; FIG. 5 is a cross sectional view taken in the direction of arrow 5--5 of FIG. 3;
FIG. 6 is a cross sectional view of the control mechanism taken in the direction of arrow 6--6 of FIG. 4;
FIG. 7 is a cross sectional view of the handle portion of the dental syringe taken in the direction of arrow 7--7 of FIG. 1; and
FIG. 8 is a cross sectional view taken in the direction of arrow 8--8 of FIG. 1.
Referring to FIG. 1, the novel hand held oral syringe of the present invention is indicated in the general direction of arrow 10 which includes an elongated handle comprising a central body portion 11, a handle portion 12 which is threadably attached to the central portion 11 and a nozzle discharge portion 13 detachably connected to the opposite side of the central portion from the handle portion. Downwardly depending from the central portion 11 is an attachment portion 14 to which a hose 15 is secured via an interference fit with a ferrule 16. Hose 15 is attached at its other end to a suitable means or releasable plug 17 having an end 18 suitable for insertion into a socket carried on an aerator valve assembly (not shown) detachably connected to a conventional sink faucet. Such an attachment device is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,500,824.
The oral syringe 10 receives a pressurized supply of fluid, such as water, constituting the main carrier stream from the water faucet. The water faucet is coupled to a suitable pressurized source of supply of water and the faucet may be located in a sink or basin installed in a bathroom, restroom, comfort station or the like. The oral syringe 10 is detachably connected to the aerator valve assembly by means of the flexible supply conduit or hose 15 which is in fluid communication with an internal chamber 20 via passageway 21 provided in attachment portion 14. The main body portion 11 detachably couples with nozzle 13 which outwardly projects from one end thereof and is detachably coupled thereto by means of a sealing ring 22 carried on a ferrule 23. The nozzle 13 is in fluid communication with a outlet chamber 24 which is selectively connected in fluid communication by a valve mechanism 25 with inlet chamber 20. Fluid communication is achieved through a pair of output ports 26 and 27 controllable by means of the valve mechanism 25.
The handle 12 is detachably connected to the other end of the main body portion 11 which is employed for convenience of operation and handling. Preferably, the handle 12 is cylindrically configured so as to be readily hand-held across the palm of a user's hand so that the forefingers of the hand embrace the body while the thumb is in a suitable position for operating a pushbutton arrangement 28 adapted to position the valve mechanism 25, to be described later. It is noted that the handle 12 includes an interior cavity 30 which is employed for holding a quantity of mouthwashes particularly suited to the user's needs. An O-ring 31 seals the detachable connection between the handle 12 and the main body portion 11 and it is further noted that the body portion includes an input port or passageway 32 and an outward port 33. The latter mentioned port or passageways are substantially separated by a partition 34; however, it is understood that the passageways are in fluid communications with each other and the mixing chamber 30. Also, it is to be noted that the passageways or ports 32 and 33 are also in fluid communication at selective times depending upon the valve mechanism 25 with the input chamber 20.
Referring now in detail to the valve mechanism 25, it can be seen that the pushbutton 28 is fixedly secured to the mechanism so that the mechanism will depress when the pushbutton is pressed down by the thumb of the user and the mechanism will rotate when the user manually turns the pushbutton or thumb cap 28. The valve mechanism is normally shown in its "off" position in FIG. 1 because of the bias of the spring 35. It is noted that the bias of spring 35 urges the valve mechanism 25 upwardly in the central housing or portion 11 until a seal 36 forcibly closes against annular shoulder 37 formed on the body 11 and defining the upper limit of chamber 20. When seal 36 is urged against the shoulder 37, the flow of fluid from chamber 20 into either port 26 or 32 is prohibited. Therefore, the control mechanism as seen in FIG. 1 is in its normal non-use condition whether the plug 17 is attached to a pressurized water faucet or not.
It is to be further noted that the valve mechanism 25 constitutes an elongated spindle or element terminating in one end with a guide 40 acting as a centering means for the spring 35 and providing a bearing surface against which the spring is forcibly in contact. The mechanism further includes the sealing ring 36 located near the centering element 40 and a sealing ring 41 carried on the member adjacent to the pushbutton cap 28 so as to prevent the fluid from leaking between the main body portion 11 and the valve. Midway between the opposite ends of the valve stem or member 25, there is provided a groove 42 which holds an annular seal 43 so that annular chambers exist between the opposing wall surface of the bore in body portion 11 and the exterior surface of the valve mechanism or stem 25. The first of the pair of chambers may be identified by numeral 44 and the second annular chamber is identified by numeral 45. The first and second annular chambers are selectively aligned with the respective input and output ports for intercommunicating the chambers upon the depression and/or rotation of the valve stem.
Referring now in detail to FIG. 3, the position of the control mechanism 25 is such that the pressurized main carrier stream of fluid is introduced from the chamber 20 to the output port 26 and 27 via the annular chamber 44. When the user's finger depresses the valve stem against the expanding pressure of spring 35, the stem moves downward toward chamber 20 until a lip 46 engages with a shoulder 47. No further depression can take place as a positive stop is produced. However, the pressurized main carrier stream can progress past the extreme end of stem 25 and flow around seal 36 as noted by the adjacent arrows thereto. The flow of the carrier stream as it passes annular seal 36 travels into the annular chamber 44 past stop shoulder 37 and into fluid communication with output ports 26 and 27 for discharge through the nozzle. It is to be noted that fluid communication exists between annular chamber 44 and passageway 32 and 33 so that the main carrier stream is present. However, annular seal 43 prevents any discharge or flow from the port 33 since the seal 43 is blocking fluid communication with respect to the output port. Therefore, there is no flow of the main carrier stream through ports 32 and 33 or through annular chamber 45.
However, when the valve mechanism 25, including the stem, is rotated in a counterclockwise direction as shown by arrow 48 in FIG. 4, the lip 46 disengages with shoulder 47 and the stem is permitted to depress spring 35 even further under the pressure of the user's finger. The valve stem will depress until the underside of the cap 28 engages with the shoulder stop 49 carried on the main portion 11. However, it is now noted that the chamber 45 is placed in fluid communication with output port 27. It is to be noted that the annular chamber 44 is still maintained in fluid communication with the output port 26. Therefore, any mouthwash or other ingredient which is carried in the cavity 30 is mixed with the main carrier stream and is introduced to the discharge nozzle via chamber 45 and outlet port 27. Simultaneously, a portion of the main carrier stream of fluid is introduced through the outlet port 26 via annular chamber 44 where it is combined with the mixed fluid from port 27 and discharged through the nozzle as a stream.
In FIGS. 5 and 6, the location of stem or valve mechanism 25 is illustrated between the two positions shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 respectively. In FIG. 7, the ports 32 and 33 are illustrated and their partial separation by means of partition 34. In FIG. 8, the combined discharge of fluid from ports 26 and 27 are through the discharge nozzle 13. A snap-lock arrangement indicated by element 50 is employed for snap-locking the nozzle into place with main body portion 11.
Rotation of the cap 28 is further illustrated in FIG. 2 and it is to be noted that markings or proper indicia may be placed on the housing or handle respectively so as to be properly placed in registry or indexed with a pointer 51 carried on the cap 28. For example, the words "no mix" can be placed so that when the pointer or marker 51 is adjacent thereto, the valve mechanism or stem 25 is in the position shown in FIG. 1 so that no flow is permitted to issue from the nozzle. When it is desired to have the main carrier stream discharge from the nozzle without mixing, the button can be depressed so that the valve mechanism or stem 25 assumes the position as shown in FIG. 3. When it is desired to mix the contents of th chamber 30 with the main carrier stream, the pushbutton 28 may be rotated approximately 90° to the position shown in broken lines in FIG. 2 whereupon the mechanism can be depressed even further to assume the position shown in FIG. 4 so that the mixed main stream discharge can take place from the nozzle.
While particular embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that changes and modifications may be made without departing from this invention in its broader aspects and, therefore, the aim in the appended claims is to cover all such changes and modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of this invention.
Citas de patentes
Citada por
Imagen original


text:
By Natalie Burg
Wine.com has been in the online wine sales industry since 1998. In fact, it has more or less been the industry, as Wine.com's hard-fought success over the last decade and a half has put it in a category of its own — a status Amazon now hopes to change with its launch of Amazon Wine earlier this month.
"[Wine.com] is on pace to reach $80 million in revenue this year, up from $67 million last year," wrote Greg Bensinger for the Wall Street Journal. "But it took more than 10 years to turn cash positive, and it took a detour through bankruptcy. At one point, Wine.com was down to a week's worth of cash and had to lay off a third of its workforce."
Why the struggle? It's the same reason all other would-be competitors didn't survive at all. Despite the widespread popularity of both wine and online shopping, a unique web of regulations and laws surrounding the sale of wine has caused an entire industry with big potential to be overwhelmed with false starts.
Enter Amazon. Could an online retailer with such clout overcome the challenges of online sales? Not on its first try, noted Bensinger, or its second. But that's not where the story ends.
"Amazon isn't giving up," Bensinger said.
The Depth of the Problem
As Dave McIntyre wrote for the Washington Post, "[P]rogress has been fitful" for online wine sellers. "A patchwork of regulations, fees and registrations established by various states," he continued, "lacks a clear national standard and makes compliance difficult."
How difficult? Bensinger cited that Wine.com has faced fines by New York state for breaking a law requiring food and alcohol to be shipped separately. The culprit? Gift baskets. And that's just one example. Shipping wine directly to customers is flat-out illegal in Utah and Kentucky. In Florida, the same is true, but only in certain counties. Texas limits the shipping of beverages by alcohol content, making some wines safe and others prohibited.
"Wine.com pays about $2 million annually for its regulatory compliance, including licenses, legal costs and warehouse management," said Bensinger. "It has had to build seven separate warehouses to satisfy differing sets of state regulations."
This explains Amazon's issues as well. The complexities of the laws and regulations caused the start-up WineShopper to go under in 1999, taking about $30 million of Amazon's investment with it. Amazon's second attempt resulted in another failed partner, New Vine Logistics, which suspended operations in 2009 owing to financial troubles.
The Existing Market
But if it took Wine.com a decade to sort it all out, Amazon is hoping its size and unique position in the market can help it get a handle on the situation more quickly — and there's good reason to believe it'll be worth the effort.
"There is clearly room for more growth in direct-to-consumer wine sales," said McIntyre.
In Virginia alone, consumers have purchased 108,000 cases of wine in a year. Though Maryland only received 30,000 cases in the same time period, McIntyre said, that was immediately after direct wine shipping was legalized, demonstrating a ready and waiting market.
Online customers aren't buying cheap wine, either.
"The average price of wines sold this way during the reporting period was about $37 per bottle," wrote McIntyre, "and wines costing $50 or more represented nearly half of the dollar value sold."
A Way Forward
Amazon has a new plan to tap into that potentially large market. Lauren Indvik for Mashable reported that the retail giant invited about 100 wineries to an event in California's Napa Valley back in September. It was there attendees first learned that Amazon planned to launch a third-party marketplace for wine sales.
The new system effectively allows Amazon to sidestep the state-by-state compliance issues, leaving that burden on the wineries themselves.
"The new venture poses a big threat to Wine.com, which offers free shipping on its wines for $49.99 per year," Indvik said. "That model will have little stay if pitted against Amazon Prime, which offers free two-day shipping on all of its products, plus access to Amazon's streaming video and e-book lending library, for $79.99 per year."
As Wine.com itself can attest, no new idea is a sure thing when it comes to the world of online wine shipping. Considering the challenges the industry poses, Amazon's third-party marketplace — with shipping rates that rival the only other competitor on the scene — now seems well positioned to begin cracking the wine shipping code.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
South Side crime spree brought to end
SAPD: Stephanie Casias, 24, six others arrested in thefts
SAN ANTONIO - San Antonio police say they have brought a South Side crime spree to an end.
Police named 24-year-old Stephanie Casias as the ring leader of what they said was a group of car burglars who've likely broken into dozens of vehicles.
"They were behind a whole lot more and I think they've been doing it for a period of time as well. That amount of property probably wasn't stolen overnight," said San Antonio police Sgt. James Conn.
Police believe Casias, three juveniles, including her younger brother and 17-year-old Alejandro Silva, were all involved in the break-ins.
Dodic Street was hit particularly hard this week, police said.
One victim said the suspects tried to break into his truck early Thursday morning and then came back and tried to break into it again.
That's when police caught up with them.
While Silva was quiet as police took him to jail Thursday, an indignant Casias was not, snapping at reporters as she was put in handcuffs.
Each were charged with seven counts each of burglary of a vehicle.
Copyright 2012 by KSAT.com All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


text:
Mike Portney/Dream Theater songs?
View Single Post
Platinum Member
Join Date: Jun 2007
Location: Austin, TX USA
Posts: 2,049
Re: Mike Portney/Dream Theater songs?
I disagree, James is the voice of DT.
Just because the current trend is low and growling.
realize how long this band has been in existence.. Think about the vocalists that were happening then, Dio, Dickinson,Halford, etc..
James has an amazing range and voice. I realize he may not be your cup of tea but I am going to go out on a limb ans guess that the rest of the band like him.
I will also say this for him. I got a small glimpse into who he is as a person a few years ago.
I was early to a DT show in San Diego, I was walking past the load in door and there was this roadie trying to lift a case of this 6" dia power cable. Up walks James, he grabs the other side and lifts it with him. I thought how cool is that, he is the lead singer of a national act with a cult following and he helps the roadies. I gained a whole new respect for him that day.
When I saw him back stage I talked to him about it. He told me he was a roadie himself and has great respect for the job.
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text:
Legal bid to stop cafe plan is thrown out
Posted: November 21, 2012|
An application for a judicial review of a controversial council decision over plans for a new glass-fronted, seafront cafe has been rejected.
East Devon District Council's planning process had been called into question by people opposed to the project at Budleigh Salterton.
The action had followed the council decision in June to approve an amendment to an existing planning permission from 2010.
Coun Mark Williamson, chairman of the district council's development management committee, said: "I'd like to think this draws a line under things as the judge clearly backed the council's decision and process for handling this application.
"I think that decision is quite right and councillors and officers both did their jobs well in the face of a very sensitive and complex local issue.
"Admittedly some internal workings, passionate local views and even differing views from councillors had made this a long-winded process, but one that absolutely backs up the role of planning as an objective, evidence-based function.
"We're grateful that the judge dismissed the application, and importantly it shields taxpayers from any potential costs associated with the legal process."


text:
- About Bard
- Admission
- Academics
- Campus Life
- News & Events
Religion Program and Anthropology Program present
François Demange
In conversation with Abou Farman
(Department of Anthropology)
François Demange (MA Anthropology) has been training with indigenous medicine people and practicing their healing methods since 1996 in both the Peruvian Amazon and in North America. He is considered one of the most experienced Westerners in the practice of the traditional Amazonian medicine called Vegetalismo, which is defined as the plant spirit medicine practice of that region. François is also a follower of the Red Path; he is a pipe carrier, a Sundancer, and has been adopted by the Dakota Nation. He uses a combination of spiritual and energetic methods to read, diagnose and address the physical, mental, emotional and spiritual imbalance in his patients. He is a Reiki Master and Co-Founder of Sacred Medicine Foundation.
Time: 5:00 pm
Location: Bard Hall, Bard College Campus


text:
Autumn in the Air
With Labor Day here and a touch of autumn in the air, the days of sipping lemonade by the pool are dwindling, but with the cooler weather comes the double espressos and hot, frothy cappuccinos and lattes... That's where we come in! We have everything you need to create all your favorite coffee drinks - starting with a variety of espresso machines. Here are a few featured new machines:
Gaggia Espresso Color
Like some of the foliage you'll see this fall, this semi-automatic espresso machine is bright red in color, a centerpiece to any kitchen counter. Whether you choose to use pods or ground coffee, this machine brews some of the best espresso around. Featuring a stainless steel boiler and 15 bars of pressure, the Color produces thick, rich crema each and every time.
Jura-Capresso Impressa S9 One Touch
If you're set on filling the autumn air with an alluring scent this season, you have several choices when it comes to brewing. The Jura-Capresso S9 gives you all the choices a coffee lover could imagine. With its fully programmable, one-touch system, the Capresso S9 will grind, tamp and steam--all with the push of a button. And with a commercial-grade burr grinder, separate hot water dispenser and bypass doser, you'll be able to brew your friends and family delicious drinks in regular and decaf.
After you select your new espresso machine, spice things up a bit with this seasonal favorite.
Witch's Brew
1 oz chocolate syrup
1 oz orange syrup
1 shot of espresso
Steamed milk
Combine syrups and espresso, fill cup with steamed milk and sprinkle with cocoa.
For more drink recipes, check out our articles page.


text:
In his column today, Charles Krauthammer argues, "What originalism is to jurisprudence, constitutionalism is to governance: a call for restraint rooted in constitutional text. Constitutionalism as a political philosophy represents a reformed, self-regulating conservatism that bases its call for minimalist government — for reining in the willfulness of presidents and legislatures — in the words and meaning of the Constitution."
He concludes with this:
Constitutionalism as a guiding political tendency will require careful and thoughtful development, as did jurisprudential originalism. But its wide appeal and philosophical depth make it a promising first step to a conservative future.
Krauthammer is, I think, correct on both counts. Constitutionalism will require careful and thoughtful development, since how we should apply this particular political philosophy to the issues of our time isn't always self-evident. But Charles is also correct in saying that constitutionalism has wide appeal and philosophical depth. Which raises the question: Who would have thought in 2008, when liberals swept control of every branch of government, that the second half of Obama's first term would be devoted to counteracting the rise of constitutionalism?
In what surely qualifies as one of the ironies of the 21st century, Barack Obama is in good measure responsible for the ascendancy of both conservatism and constitutionalism.


text:
For organizations looking for reasons to move to Exchange 2013, improved handling of compliance requirements will be a consideration in favor of the move.
The new Exchange adds features to facilitate compliance, as well as allow companies to take a more proactive stance toward potential violations of compliance standards.
The new policy engine in Exchange 2013 gives administrators more flexibility in managing compliance policies. Not only can they access those policies while they're at the office, but they can do so online, too.
Through the new Exchange's Data Loss Prevention (DLP) features, which are based on Exchange Transport Rules — introduced in Exchange 2007, organizations can address compliance problems in real-time.
Exchange 2013 adds a number of predicates and actions to the transport rules found in previous releases of the software. For example, some of the new predicates can be used to detect messages that contain attachments with specific extensions or with executable content, as well as detect messages that exceed a certain size limit or messages sent from a certain IP address range.
New actions in Exchange 2013 can perform functions such as stopping the processing of all subsequent rules on a message or automatically encrypting a message when it's routed outside an organization.
Through deep content analysis –which includes keyword matches, dictionary matches and expression evaluation — Exchange can scan outbound messages and identify those that may contain sensitive information, information such as Social Security numbers, credit card numbers, driver's license numbers and passport numbers. Such messages can be blocked or sent to a location where they can be mediated. An incident report on those actions can be automatically generated and sent to compliance watchdogs.
In addition, similar to the MailedTips featured in Exchange 2010, the sender of the message can be alerted that it contains content that violates compliance policies before they send it.
Exchange 2013's DLP features also give an administrator flexibility in applying compliance policies. For example, application of policies can be customized to groups within an organization. Groups that work with sensitive information, like credit card numbers, as part of their mission could be granted an exemption to the policy rule governing that kind of data.
To get administrators up and running with DLP out of the box with Exchange 2013, Microsoft is including some pre-configured policy templates for compliance with some common business data standards, such as PCI-DSS, Gramm-Leach-Bliley and PII (Personally Identifiable Information), which includes personalized information for specific locales, including France, Germany and Japan.
Templates other than Microsoft's can also be used in Exchange 2013. Those templates, along with updates to Microsoft's templates, make it easier for an administrator to cope with changes in the compliance landscape created by new laws or business standards.
Another way that Exchange 2013 can improve compliance is through some new searching capabilities. For instance, you can search for data not only within Exchange 2013 but also in Lync 2013, SharePoint 2013 and on Windows file servers.
In addition, searchers can include proximity matching. That means you can search for a word based on its location in relation to another word. Such a function can be particularly important when trying to comply with electronic discovery requests from lawyers.
While the new features in Exchange 2013 that give administrators a better handle on compliance are powerful, they shouldn't let that power go to their head. It's always wise to consult with the compliance and enforcement people in an organization before finalizing policy rules that affect compliance.


text:
We welcome you.
After the service Tea, Coffee and Biscuits are served round in the McDonald room, and you are all welcome to join us for a chat.
We would be delighted if you would leave a message about the Church.
Please go ahead to leave any comments, notes or questions.
Thank you
Dull Graveyard is still a public graveyard and is under the care
of Perth and Kinross Council and can be visited anytime.
Robert Laings's name can be found on the elders list and
he is in the photo of the Rev Ian Mclellan's induction in the
History of the Church page.
Pictures of Church Roof added 5th December 2009
to Church Pictures
(may take a while to load)


text:
Central Africa Events
The 3rd Conference: Africa: 54 Countries, One Union
May 03, 2012 // 9:00am — May 04, 2012 // 5:00pm
Africa Program
"Africa: 54 Countries, One Union" is a follow up to last year's Conference in Washington, DC. This Conference aims to bolster African initiatives on infrastructure and development.
Military Reform in the Democratic Republic of Congo
April 16, 2012 // 2:00pm — 3:30pm
Africa Program
In collaboration with Eastern Congo Initiative (ECI) and a coalition of organizations concerned with the future of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), The Wilson Center's Africa Program invites you to "Military Reform in the Democratic Republic of Congo".
Regional Stability and Security Issues in Africa: The Foreign Minister of Burkina Faso to Speak on Mediation, Prevention and Conflict Management
March 23, 2012 // 2:00pm — 3:30pm
Africa Program
In his only major address during his upcoming Washington visit, H.E. Djibrill Bassolé, Foreign Minister of the Burkinabe Government will speak on how conflict has undermined African States.
Environmental Film Festival: Transcending Boundaries
March 14, 2012 // 12:00pm — 2:00pm
Environmental Change and Security Program
The Environmental Film Festival comes to the Wilson Center to highlight the work of International Peace Park Expeditions. Join Saleem Ali, Professor of Environmental Studies, University of Vermont; Todd Walters, Founder, Executive Director, International Peace Park Expeditions and filmmaker Cory Wilson as they discuss Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park and transboundary conservation in the Central Albertine Rift Valley.
Stuck: Rwandan Youth and the Struggle for Adulthood
February 28, 2012 // 3:00pm — 4:30pm
Africa Program
Spotlighting failed masculinity, urban desperation, and forceful governance, Marc Sommers tells the dramatic story of young Rwandans who are "stuck," striving against near-impossible odds to become adults.
Is a Food Crisis Brewing in the Sahel?
January 25, 2012 // 9:00am — 12:30pm
Africa Program
While African nations and the donor community struggle to mitigate famine in the Horn of Africa, fears are growing that drought in the Sahel will trigger a similar food crisis in West Africa by the spring of 2012.
DRC Country Consultation: A Private Discussion with Harriet Solloway, Head of the Rule of Law Section in MONUSCO
January 05, 2012 // 11:00am — 12:00pm
Africa Program
On January 5th, Harriet Solloway, Head of the Rule of Law Section for the Mission de l'Organisation des Nations Unies pour la Stabilisation en République Démocratique du Congo (MONUSCO), came to the Wilson Center. She lead a private discussion with representatives from the US government, private sector and the NGO community on post-electoral developments in the DRC.
Delivering Solutions: Advancing Dialogue To Improve Maternal Health (Report Launch)
December 15, 2011 // 3:00pm — 5:00pm
Maternal Health Initiative
Join us on December 15 for the launch of "Delivering Solutions: Advancing Dialogue To Improve Maternal Health," which captures and synthesizes the recommendations of the Wilson Center's Maternal Health Dialogue Series.
U.S. - African Trade: AGOA 11 Years Out, 4 to Go
November 30, 2011 // 12:00pm — 1:30pm
Africa Program
The African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) became law in May, 2000. The Act offers tangible incentives (tariff exemptions, e.g.) for African countries to continue their efforts to open their economies and build free markets. AGOA, which has been amended three times, expires in 2015 and a key provision on fabric imports expires next year unless extended by Congress.
First Quarterly Meeting with the African Diplomatic Corps - "Making the U.S./Africa Partnership a Reality"
October 14, 2011 // 8:00am — 10:00am
Africa Program
The First Quarterly meeting with the African Diplomatic Corps served as a springboard to launch the Working Group on Trade and Investment in Africa (WGTIA).


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Results 1 to 7 of 7
Style: Mixed Martial Arts--
"Use the search function"
Hey, everyones always telling people to use the search function and don´t post stuff if it has been posted before...well, I was wondering...what if everything that can possibly be discussed in the martial arts world gets discussed here, in say, 5 years time. Will that mean this forum would just die, because people would always find what they wanted to talk about by using the search function :jerkit2yf
Brock Sampson
- Join Date
- Jun 2004
- Location
- Land of the Living
- Posts
- 4,593
Posted On:
11/22/2005 12:01pm
Registered Member
- Join Date
- Oct 2005
- Location
- Posts
- 221
Posted On:
11/22/2005 12:02pm
Guy Who Pays the Bills and Gets the Death Threats Style: MMA (Retired)--
The point is to ensure people have at least a rough idea about things that have already been covered or on which a consensus has already been reached.
You have to remember that unlike other sites/discussion forums, this one actually has a purpose and a mission. While new perspectives can always be added, it helps if you're aware of what has already been discussed so that you don't look like an ass for posting something you believe is the next big paradigm shift in Martial Arts only to find out it was posted two years ago and beaten to death with a crowbar.
- Join Date
- Apr 2005
- Location
- Cardiff, UK
- Posts
- 476
Posted On:
11/22/2005 5:16pm


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90s -Tiara- Womens slightly faded black button front cotton ramie blend cheesy ugly sweater vest with round neckline. Y2K was a crazy New Years eve, and this sweater shows the heavily beaded and sequined fireworks that went off when everyone realized the world was not going to end. Gold Happy 2000 all over the front and rockets in random spots that look a little phallic and plain black back. In stock.
44Bust (Womens XL), 30Sleeve
Good Condition
Approx Shipping Weight 1.68 lbs.
Item No.
One Size Fits All
Questions? View our Help Page or contact Jen at email@example.com


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|Super 8 Rockville hotels are provided below. Search for cheap and discount Super 8 hotel prices in Rockville, MD for your family, individual or group travels. We list the best Super 8 Rockville hotels + motels so you can review the Rockville Super 8 hotel list below to find the perfect place.
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|For more ideas and freebies, check out my blog! www.abseymour.blogspot.com
I am in my sixth year of teaching First Grade and I absolutely LOVE it! I love my kiddos and couldn't be any happier. TpT has been such a blessing and it's a great resource to find high quality activities at a moment's notice!
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I have a Bachelor's Degree in Early Childhood Education, a K-12 Reading Endorsement, and my Master's Degree in Literacy.
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"It's Either Kill or Be Killed…"
Follow @smoughtsJanuary 26, 2012, 4:59 pm ET
Last night, filmmaker Steve James (Hoop Dreams) and "violence interrupter" Ameena Matthews were on Greater Boston, discussing their new documentary, The Interrupters, which will air on FRONTLINE on Feb. 14 at 9 pm (check local listings).
Shot over the course of a year in Chicago, the film follows Ameena and two other interrupters, Eddie Bocanegra and Cobe Williams, as they attempt to intervene before situations turn violent: two brothers threatening to shoot each other; an angry teenage girl just home from prison; a young man heading down a warpath of revenge.
Ameena tells host Jared Bowen that her past gives her a special credibility in the community. "[At] 16 and older, I was out on the streets," she explains. "And I did pretty much the same things that these guys and girls are trying to emulate, except for I didn't murder anyone."
Watch a preview of The Interrupters, which Roger Ebert named as his favorite documentary of 2011.
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text:
McDonnell Douglas Aerospace, St. Louis, Mo., is being awarded a $13,098,462 firm-fixed-price contract to provide for five line items of modification kits to retrofit the Royal Saudi Air Force F-15S aircraft with the High Pressure Water Separator.
Total number of kits will be eighty.
This acquisition also includes one line item of special-tooling kits in support of the modification kits; one line item of commodity kits (quantity: 102) and one line of technical data.
Contract funds will not expire at the end of the current fiscal year.
There was one firm solicited and one proposal received.
Solicitation began August 1996; negotiations were completed July 1997.
This effort supports foreign military sales to Saudi Arabia.
Warner Robins Air Logistics Center, Robins AFB, Ga., is the contracting activity (F29601-97/D-0140).
Moon Engineering Co., Inc., Portsmouth, Va., is being awarded a $5,090,451 firm-fixed-price contract for the Phased Maintenance Fixed Price Availability (PMF) of USS NASHVILLE (LPD 13).
Work will be performed in Portsmouth, Va., and is expected to be completed by January 1998.
Contract funds would not have expired at the end of the current fiscal year.
This contract was competitively procured with 13 proposals solicited and five offers received.
The Naval Sea Systems Command, Arlington, Va., is the contracting activity (N00024-92-H-8636).


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Deadman Lines is a faction associated with an online MMORPG Star Wars Combine.
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The UT Southwestern Medical Center is on a roll. Last year, it expanded its presence in the fast-growing Dallas market by opening an $800 million hospital complex. It recently won designation from the National Cancer Institute as a comprehensive cancer ce … Read Full Story
Our new neighborhood Clinical Centers are centered around you.
We've brought the leading-edge therapies and world-class care of UT Southwestern to Richardson/Plano, Las Colinas, and the Park Cities.
Clinical Center at Las Colinas
The Las Colinas Obstetrics/Gynecology Clinic is a full-service practice, treating the full range of obstetric and gynecologic conditions.
Clinical Center at Park Cities
The Clinical Center at Park Cities features cardiology, general internal medicine, obstetric/gynecologic, and rheumatology services.
Clinical Center at Richardson/Plano
The Clinical Center at Richardson/Plano features behavioral health, cancer, neurology, obstetric/gynecologic, primary care, sports medicine, and urology services.


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A fully implantable and self-contained device is disclosed composed of a flexible electrode array 10 for surrounding damaged nerves and a signal generator 12 for driving the electrode array with periodic electrical impulses of nanoampere magnitude to induce regeneration of the damaged nerves.
1. An implantable therapeutic device comprising:
a flexible electrode array for surrounding a nerve in its damaged area;
circuit means for developing a continuous series of square wave pulses of electrical energy at a predetermined frequency;
circuit means for stretching each of said square wave pulses.
circuit means for reversing the polarity of said stretched square wave pulses to provide short duration impulses of electrical energy;
means for energizing all of said circuit means; and
impedance means for applying a series of said short duration impulses of electrical energy in the nanosecond range to said array to regenerate the damaged area of said nerve.
2. The device according to claim 1 wherein said electrode array includes:
a piece of mesh material, and
a plurality of parallel spaced electrodes woven into said mesh material.
3. The device according to claim 2 wherein the center one of said electrodes is positioned directly at the area of damage of the nerve and the remaining ones of said electrodes are positioned on opposite sides of said center one about the nerve.
4. The device according to claim 3 wherein said impedance means applies said impulses to said center one of said electrodes thereby establishing a potential difference between it and said remaining ones of said electrodes.
5. The device according to claim 4 wherein said applied impulses are less than 200 nanoamperes and of about 0.1 millisecond duration.
6. The device of claim 2 wherein the electrodes of said array are transversely disposed around said nerve with an intermediate one of said parallel spaced electrodes positioned directly at said damaged area and adjacent ones of said electrodes are positioned on opposite sides of said intermediate one.
7. The device of claims 1 or 6 wherein said impedance means discontinuously applies electrical energy to said array.
8. The device according to claim 1 wherein said impulses provided by said impedance means are about 10 nanoamperes.
The invention described herein was made by an employee of the United States Government and may be manufactured and used by or for the Government for governmental purposes without the payment of any royalties thereon or therefor.
This invention relates generally to implantable therapeutic devices and more particularly to an implantable device for inducing regeneration of severed nerves.
Medical science has progressed to the stage where devices implantable within the body have been devised for curing some of the ills of the body. Many such therapeutic devices utilize electrical energy either to render the device operational or to act on the body to affect the cure, or both. Although, in general, these prior art devices have operated satisfactorily in many medical applications, they have been found to be less than satisfactory in applications where space availability for implantables is limited or the use of a minutely sized implantable is required. Additionally, many of the existing implantable devices have energy needs which necessitate periodic re-energizing from an external energy source either through a percutaneous connector or by surgical removal of the device from the body. These energizing requirements are particularly undesirable in therapy necessitating prolonged implantation of the devices. In the developing area of regeneration of severed, or damaged, nerves by the use of implantable electrically activated-devices to stimulate desired regrowth, the requirements of small size and low energy dissipation are especially acute. In addition, to avoid destruction of the nerves by overheating, the electrical energy applied by such devices must be under 200 nanoamperes in a pulsed mode.
Accordingly, one object of the invention is to provide a new and improved fully implantable electrically energized therapeutic device of small size and energy dissipation.
Another object of this invention is to provide an electrically energized therapeutic device capable of long term implantation.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a fully implantable therapeutic device which is self energized and capable of generating electrical impulses suitable for stimulating severed nerve regeneration.
A still further object of this invention is to provide a compact, low power dissipating and self energized source of electrical impulses of about 10 nanoamperes.
These and other objects are attained by a fully implantable self energized and small-sized electrical device formed of an array of electrodes for surrounding a damaged nerve and a signal generator for applying periodic low current impulses to the electrodes in a manner to generate electrical fields which induce regeneration of damaged nerves.
In the drawings the references designate like parts throughout the several views, and wherein:
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of the overall implantable device;
FIG. 2 is a view, partially in perspective, of the application of the device;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the signal generator of the device; and
FIG. 4 shows the waveforms at various points of the signal generator of FIG. 3.
The implantable device of this invention is shown in FIG. 1 as being composed of an electrode array 10 and a signal generator 12 interconnected by wires 14 and 16. The signal generator provides the driving energy for the electrode array.
The electrode array is formed of a sheet 18 of flexible mesh material which is compatible with living tissue, such as Silastic. Three equal lengths of flexible wire 20 are woven within the mesh material in a parallel spaced relationship to act as electrodes. The wires are preferably made of bio-compatible platinum. The outer ones of electrodes 20 are conjointly connected by wire 16 to one output terminal of generator 12 while the center electrode is connected by wire 14 to the other output terminal.
FIG. 2 illustrates the application of the invention to the therapeutic purpose of inducing regeneration of severed nerves of an animal. Severed nerves do not always rejoin, and when they do, they rejoin somewhat haphazardly and not directly at their endings. Because of the ionic action of nerves, it is believed that proper regeneration of severed nerves can be stimulated under the influence of electric fields which will serve to orient the severed nerves to regenerate. Such electric fields can be generated by closely wrapping electrode array 10 around an organ containing the damaged nerves 22, such for example as those present in the spinal chord of an animal, in a manner that the electrodes 20 will be substantially perpendicular to the direction of desired regeneration. In the cited example the peripheral dimensions of the array 10 may be about 1 inch square. To equally stimulate both endings of the severed nerve, the center electrode is preferably positioned at the break and each of the end electrodes are located about opposite ends of the severed nerve. It will be apparent that upon the application of an electrical signal from signal generator 12 to the electrode array 10, as connected, a potential difference of the proper polarity will be developed between the center electrode and each of the outer electrodes which will develop electric fields for orienting regrowth of the severed nerve endings toward one another.
Medical research indicates that nerve tissue will burn and can be destroyed by being subjected to the influence of certain levels of electrical energy. Thus, it is considered essential that the electrical signal applied to the electrode array be discontinuous and of a low amperage level. Signal generator 12 provides such a signal to electrode array 10.
As shown in FIG. 3, signal generator 12 consists of a plurality of inverters 24, 26, 28, 30 and 32 which are energized by a common direct current source 34. CMOS technology is employed in the inverters to reduce the energy needs of the circuit and, therefore, direct current source 34 may be a pair of watch-type disc shaped batteries of 1.35 volts each. Inverters 24 and 26 are interconnected to operate as a conventional astable multivibrator 27. Oscillation is initiated by a seed voltage, or noise, and is sustained by a feedback loop 36. A phase shifting capacitor 38 is included in the loop, which in conjunction with a pair of serially connected resistors 40, 42 sets the frequency of operation of the multivibrator stage. A diode 44 is shunted across resistor 40 to regulate the duty cycle of oscillation. With the indicated magnitude of parameters, a square wave output signal is provided by the multivibrator, as shown in FIG. 4A, with an amplitude of about 2.7 volts at a frequency of 10 Hz and a fifty percent duty cycle.
The square wave output of the multivibrator stage is applied to a conventional pulse shaping stage 46 composed of inverters 28 and 30. This stage reshapes the multivibrator output by stretching each square wave. A resistor 48 and a capacitor 50 are included to operate as a timing circuit for determining the duration of the gap between each stretched square wave, as shown in FIG. 4B. With the magnitude of parameters indicated, the output signal consists of 10 Hz pulses of about 2.7 volts amplitude with an intervening gap of 0.1 millisecond.
The output signal of the pulse shaper 46 is fed to an inverter stage 32 wherein the polarity of the output signal is inverted to provide a 0.1 millisecond pulse of about 2.7 volts at a frequency of 10 Hz. Because nerves exhibit practically zero electrical resistance, it is essential that the developed short duration pulse not be directly applied to electrode array 10 but be applied serially through a large current limiting resistor 54. With the magnitude of resistor 54 as shown in FIG. 3, the maximum level of the electrical energy to which a nerve will be subjected is an impulse of about 10 nanoamperes at a potential of about 2 volts. This amperage is well below the level of 200 nanoamperes of continuous current which is believed to be the maximum safe amount of electrical energy to which a nerve may be exposed.
A pulse generator circuit according to FIG. 3 was built on a hybrid ceramic 0.4" square and along with the batteries were encapsulated and hermetically sealed in a package about the size of a quarter coin. This generator can be operationally coupled to electrode array 10 by wires 14 and 16. Thus, it should be readily apparent that a simple, compact and low power dissipation device suitable for long duration tool implantation has been disclosed.
Patent Citations
Referenced by
Original Image


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Bacon: Can it be the main attraction?
I love bacon. Does anyone have a recipe where it is the main part of the dish?
Talk is closed, but that doesn't mean the conversations have to stop!
Check out this post for a more thorough explanation, and jump onto our Facebook page or our Twitter feed to keep the conversations going!


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4 FM quick reads on accessibility
1. ADA Compliance: Important Dates
I'm Dan Hounsell, editor of Maintenance Solutions magazine. Today's topic is, new ADA regulations.
The U.S. Department of Justice in July announced the adoption of the 2010 Americans with Disabilities Act Standards for Accessible Design. It is important facility managers understand several key dates related to the use and enforcement of the new standards.
The 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design and the Title III Final Rule Amending 28 CFR Part 36: Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Disability by Public Accommodations and in Commercial Facilities were published in the Federal Register on Sept. 15, 2010. That created the following enforcement dates:
• March 15, 2011 — the rules become effective.
• March 15, 2012 — all renovations, new construction and readily achievable barrier removal, not already performed, must comply with the 2010 standards.
Between Sept. 15, 2010 and March 15, 2012, facilities can choose between the 1991 standards and the 2010 standards. But organizations must complete all barrier-removal by March 14, 2012, if not using the 1991 standards. Those areas then become a safe harbor under the 2010 ADA standards. When a manager chooses to use either the 1991 standards or the 2010 standards, the entire building then must comply with that standard.
It also is essential managers understand the impact of these dates on design or construction for alterations and new buildings.
Projects begun under the 1991 standards must comply with those standards.
Projects completed recently under the 1991 standards do not require changes.
For projects that will be completed before March 14, 2012, managers must determine which standard will be more beneficial to comply with. For the 1991 standard, organizations must complete all construction by March 14, 2012.
When ADA Calls: Responding to a Complaint
I'm Dan Hounsell, editor of Maintenance Solutions magazine. Today's topic is, responding to an ADA notification.
If an institutional or commercial facility receives notification of a violation under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), that means either a complaint has been filed in federal court or, the U.S. Department of Justice has received a complaint or is investigating the facility.
The best reaction is to read or listen to what the notification says, particularly if it came from the DOJ. If a facility receives a complaint filed in court, read the allegations as just that — allegations. An individual with a disability might make allegations that are not actually violations under the ADA.
Managers also need to evaluate the facility before responding or agreeing to a settlement in order to understand the facility's status regarding ADA requirements. Do not jump into a settlement with the individual or group by agreeing to remedy only the items they identified because they probably have not identified all issues. In that scenario, the next complaint filed with items other than those the facility agreed to correct becomes a new complaint.
Review the entire facility, put a plan together, and start the corrections so that when the next complaint or question arises, an answer and a plan are ready and available.
ADA: Renovations and Requirements
I'm Dan Hounsell, editor of Maintenance Solutions magazine. Today's topic is, facility renovations and ADA.
Maintenance and engineering managers undertaking renovations in institutional and commercial facilities need to be aware of the impact on the project of requirements under the Americans with Disabilities Act, or ADA.
The requirements for readily achievable barrier removal under ADA began Jan. 26, 1992, and have continued since then. Organizations must remove barriers, with a few exceptions, regardless of any work being done.
Anytime a facility undergoes renovations where access barriers exist, the organization must spend 20 percent of the construction costs on removing these barriers from the path of travel. For ADA purposes, the path of travel includes water fountains and restrooms. Any renovation to a primary function area triggers this requirement. The phrase primary function area applies to an area where the activities are germane to the business, such as a bank's teller stations.
As with the model building code — The International Building Code and the American National Standards Institute — ADA does not require barrier removal on the path of travel that exceeds 20 percent of the cost of the renovation. The major difference in this regard between ADA requirements and building codes is that the ADA requires barrier removal in existing buildings, regardless of renovations. Building codes do not come into play until renovations, alterations or new construction occurs.
Managers can find more specific information in the 1991 ADA Standards for Accessible Design, Sec.36.403 Alterations: Path of travel. ADA guidelines typically supersede a state or local building code, unless the code provides for greater or equal protection of individuals with disabilities.
Water Conservation: Low-Flow Faucets
I'm Dan Hounsell, editor of Maintenance Solutions magazine. Today's topic is, common ADA violations.
Twenty years after the enactment of the Americans with Disabilities Act, or ADA, institutional and commercial facilities continue to struggle in their efforts to comply with ADA's accessibility guidelines. Here is a look at the more common ADA violations still found in facilities.
In the built environment, violations range from curb ramps and ramps that are too steep, to a lack of parking with a marked access aisle and signage. Ground markings are not effective because they are not visible at night or when covered with snow.
In restrooms, the most common violations involve toilets not mounted the correct distance from walls or partitions, and toilet flush valves on the wrong side. If the flush valve is on the wide side, users must reach over the toilet to flush.
In facility operations, the most common violations include these:
• Housekeeping workers placing a garbage can next to the restroom exit door. Clear space next to door gives a person using a wheelchair enough space to approach the door, reach the door handle and open the door.
• Placing garbage cans directly in front of call buttons for elevators, again impeding the progress of someone in a wheelchair or using a walker to reach the buttons.
• Mounting objects on walls that project 4 inches or more from the wall. If the objects are 27-80 inches from the floor, someone with a visual disability will miss the item on a cane sweep and walk right into the object.
The structural and design violations result from not following, understanding or paying attention to the ADA guideline and relying solely on building code and code officials. The operational violations, although not permanent or fixed items covered under the ADA guidelines, still create barriers.


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Minutes Show Fed May Ease 'Quite Soon,' Nomura's Nordvig Says
Aug. 22 (Bloomberg) -- More monetary stimulus from the Federal Reserve may be "coming quite soon," driving down the dollar and buoying riskier assets, according to Jens Nordvig, managing director of currency research at Nomura Holdings Inc. in New York.
Nordvig spoke in a telephone interview after the release of minutes of the Federal Open Market Committee's July 31-Aug. 1 meeting. Many policy makers said additional stimulus would probably be needed soon unless the economy shows signs of a durable pickup, the minutes showed.
On the FOMC minutes:
"The text was reasonably clear in suggesting that more stimulus is potentially coming and coming quite soon.
"Relative to the expectations that we had going into this that the QE idea had been pushed out in the future, that was a little bit of a surprise, and that's the reaction you're seeing in the dollar.
"It's not a huge move, but it's very broad-based. We've seen it both in the yen and the higher-yielding crosses. It's pretty much across the board."
On the impact of more easing on riskier assets:
"It's also something that's very important for risk assets globally.
"We're going into the September period, and a lot of people are concerned about the European situation. But if you have an expansion announced by the Fed, that could be something that really underpins risk assets to a meaningful degree, especially since expectations had really pushed out the announcement of something of that nature to much later."
On improving U.S. data and optimism about Europe's crisis:
"The text and minutes were that the data needed to improve quite meaningfully for them to not think additional accommodation was warranted.
"There has been some improvement in some indicators, but if you look at everything in a holistic perspective, the data has been quite tentative. We have to be very open-minded that we might get something in short order."
To contact the reporter on this story: John Detrixhe in New York at firstname.lastname@example.com
To contact the editor responsible for this story: Dave Liedtka at email@example.com


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Unlocking the Key to Deep Sleep
By Sarah Fenske
Making the Ferguson Commission Matter
By Danny Wicentowski
My Fake Boyfriend Became a Real-Life Crush
By Lindsay Toler
Rep. Jeffrey Pogue Bill Would Ban Unisex Bathrooms
By Danny Wicentowski
Darren Wilson Gives Speech to Nonprofit
By Danny Wicentowski
Angel Stewart and Other Victims of Violence Ask for Mercy
By Jessica Lussenhop
Obama Praises St. Louis' LaunchCode
By Lindsay Toler
By Lindsay Toler
One survivor of a past mayor-comptroller conflict of City Hall calls Slay's nagging of Green ill-advised.
"It's stupid. There has not been a mayor who won an argument with a comptroller yet," he says. "Percich whupped Conway's ass. Virvus whupped Vince's ass. If a comptroller is doing their job, they can talk about the money they saved by trying to stop the mayors from fucking up. The comptroller has a better public story."
Virvus Jones admits that he loved being comptroller because on the Board of E&A, he didn't have the same problems the mayor did.
"The only person who has a constituency on that board is the mayor," Jones says. "That was the beauty of why I liked being comptroller: I had no constituency. No one got mad at the comptroller if potholes didn't get fixed, or if crime went up or down, or the streetlights didn't come on."
Most of the Slay-Green brushfires are being covered in brief news articles, in Post-Dispatch gossip columns and in replies to letters-to-the-editor. The topics have included a controversy surrounding a computer consulting contract at Lambert Airport to a company named Bentech, disputes over the sale and leaseback of the convention center, criticism over the early announcement of a sale of a city building to the McGowan Brothers Development Corporation and a disagreement over the extent of budget cuts in the mayor's office.
The airport controversy was treated in the June 7 Jerry Berger column in the Post-Dispatch, a frequent depository of pro-Slay pronouncements. Berger stated that Bentech had decided to drop a lawsuit that accused the city of trying to revoke a contract and award the business to a separate firm, BLL & Associates. According to Berger, depositions in the case showed that "someone in Darlene Green's office had asked the airport to force Bentech to hire BLL or to award BLL a separate contract to monitor Bentech's work."
That brought a blistering letter to the editor signed by John Farrell, public information officer for Green. Farrell wrote that Berger's column contained "outright lies" and said that Berger had not contacted Green's office before printing the item. Farrell stated "the lies leaked from Slay's office -- and the Post-Dispatch's willingness to print them without checking their validity -- are a shameful attempt to hide the culpability of employees within Slay's office."
The punch line came in Farrell's last paragraph. "With home rule and potential city charter changes gaining momentum, it is vital for you, the citizens of the city of St. Louis, and the entire St. Louis region, to be aware that information coming from Slay's office and the Post-Dispatch cannot be trusted," Farrell wrote. "I caution anyone getting information from Slay's office and the Post-Dispatch -- including that on the home rule process -- to question it, and not take it at face value."
What wasn't re-ported by Berger: Depositions taken in the Bentech lawsuit pointed to interference not only from the comptroller's office but from the mayor himself. In the year before Bentech had its contract renewed, the company had lost its certification as a minority firm. In depositions taken as part of the suit, Slay's brother Gerard, who is deputy airport director, stated that Ivy Pinkston of the comptroller's office lobbied against Bentech before the contract was renewed and had encouraged the consideration of BLL. Gerard Slay also said his brother, the mayor, had called to urge him to get the airport commission to yank the Bentech contract.
Neither the Berger item nor the Farrell letter mentioned that BLL is linked to Roberts & Roberts. Michael Roberts' wife, Jeanne, works for BLL. Michael and Steve Roberts are African-American politicians-turned-developers who own Channel 46. Both the Slay and Green camps want to stay on the right side of the wealthy and influential brothers.
The lawsuit was settled, and Bentech was granted one more year at the airport. But the public spat gave rise to a larger, political message: If the mayor's office continues to use the media to put the comptroller in a bad light, the payback might be vocal opposition by the comptroller to charter reform.
Slay's chief of staff, Jeff Rainford, is dismissive of Farrell's June 12 letter. "I saw that letter and never understood it," Rainford says. "It was kind of irrational."
And Rainford interprets Green's doubt about charter reform as a defense mechanism to protect her position and power. "There is no doubt there will be people who are not going to like these changes, not because they're not good for the city, but because they're not good for them professionally or individually," Rainford says. "Look at any time you try to make change, whether it's over at the schools, over at the election board [or] MSD [the Metropolitan St. Louis Sewer District]. Whenever you try to change things, the people who are in power are going to be resistant."
Rainford doesn't buy the notion that changing the charter will weaken safeguards inherent in the current structure and make City Hall worse. "If the people of St. Louis do become interested in changing the government, you're going to see all kinds of resistance and all kinds of phony reasons for not doing it. You're going to see all kinds of straw men set up," Rainford says. "If people want change, you're going to see things brought up and you're going to have people saying things and using scare tactics in order to protect their own personal and professional situation."
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Monday, August 03, 2015
Food is a powerful thing. Just ask these people, who allegedly committed some really ridiculous crimes in pursuit of a snack.
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Get ready for the season of drunken moose. As ripe fruit falls from the trees and ferments on the ground, it is time for some of Sweden's most majestic wild animals to act in a most un-regal manner.
One home owner east of Stockholm, the capital, has already been confronted by a mob of boozed-up moose. The five animals, feasting on rotten windfalls, "were threatening" and refused to let him into his garden.
"Sensibly enough the (moose) left the scene when police arrived," writes Albin Näverberg on Stockholm police's website.
To prevent further moose booze-binges the home owner, who lives in Värmdö, east of Stockholm, was advised to remove the apples from his yard.
"The (moose) will have to get drunk somewhere else," writes Näverberg.
More blotto moose news:
This news brief is posted on Alaska Dispatch as part of Eye on the Arctic, a collaborative partnership between public and private circumpolar media organizations.


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Issued: 14 December 2005 (download the formal issued MS Word version [Word 212KB])
This guideline is issued under the provisions of Section 10A of the Archives Act 1983. Guidelines issued by the State Archivist under this Section set standards, policy, and procedures relating to the making and keeping of State Records. This section also requires all relevant authorities to take all reasonable steps to comply with these guidelines, and put them into effect.
Ian Pearce
State Archivist
Table of Contents
This guideline articulates key principles for managing records of websites, webpages (public or internal) and supporting records and provides a range of recordkeeping strategies that agencies can use to manage these as State records.
All data or documents that are published by websites are State records and subject to the requirements of the Archives Act 1983 and should be managed within the framework of the agency's recordkeeping requirements. These records must be actively maintained until they are either destroyed or transferred to the Archives Office for long-term preservation.
There are a number of reasons that agencies must keep appropriate records of webpages and websites as they:
Agencies should take into account relevant legislation, policies and guidelines
These include:
Section 10 of the Archives Act 1983 requires all relevant authorities to make proper records of the business of their organisations and keep them until they are dealt with under other sections of the Act.
The Disposal Schedule for Common Administrative Records DA No. 2157 authorises the transfer of significant electronic publications to STORS which fulfils agency recordkeeping requirements. Agencies need to capture less significant publications in their own recordkeeping systems. Depositing copies of publications in STORS also meets the legal deposit obligations under the Libraries Act 1984. This guideline extends the discussion on keeping appropriate records of web content in the Tasmanian Government Web Publishing Framework - Web Content Management Guidelines.
Agency - is used in this guideline to refer to all agencies, authorities, statutory offices, departments, councils and other organisations that are subject to, and defined in, the Archives Act 1983.
Record - is 'a document or an object that is, or has been, made or kept by reason of any information or matter that it contains or can be obtained from it or by reason of its connection with any event person, circumstance, or thing'. A document includes any 'printed or written material' and an object includes a 'sound recording, coded storage device, magnetic tape or disc, microfilm, photograph, film, map, plan, or model or painting or other pictorial or graphic work.'
Recordkeeping - making and maintaining complete, accurate and reliable evidence of business transactions in the form of recorded information.
Recordkeeping metadata - data that enables the creation, management, and use of records through time. Recordkeeping metadata can be used to identify, authenticate, and contextualise records as well as the people, processes and systems that create, manage, maintain and use them.
Recordkeeping system - a system which captures, manages and provides access to records through time.
State records - records of State government agencies/departments, State authorities, or local authorities. These public bodies are defined in Section 3 of the Archives Act 1983.
Webpage - information that displays as a single page on the World Wide Web.
Website - refers to all types of web-based sites, including public websites, virtual private networks, extranets and intranets.
Records of websites and webpages should be managed and maintained in accordance with the business recordkeeping requirements of the agency. In making decisions about which records should be captured in recordkeeping systems, agencies should assess the business risks and consider if the records are required to provide evidence, fulfil legal obligations or support agency business. This assessment will assist agencies to identify an appropriate recordkeeping strategy for their web resources.
The requirements to create and maintain records fall into three main categories:
Agencies must be able to verify what content or transactional services were accessible from their websites at a particular time.
Recordkeeping Advice No. 9 � Records Appraisal outlines the process to determine which records need to be captured into recordkeeping systems and how long the records need to be kept.
As with other formats (such as hardcopy and email) records of websites and webpages can be divided into two categories:
Records of websites and business records created and published on agency websites must be saved into a recordkeeping system to provide evidence of business activity and meet legal requirements. The Australian Standard for Records Management AS ISO 15489 contains a description of the essential characteristics of a recordkeeping system.
Records of websites and webpages can be captured and managed within recordkeeping systems either by capturing these records into existing corporate recordkeeping systems, or by integrating recordkeeping functionality into content management tools or business applications.
Authority to dispose of these records will be contained in the relevant disposal schedule or, if the records are not covered by any schedule, be obtained from the State Archivist.
Short-term value records created and published on agency websites may not need to be saved into a recordkeeping system and can be destroyed when reference ceases. Short-term records are described in more detail and their disposal authorised in the Disposal Schedule for Short-term Value Records DA No. 2158. They include:
The issues of system changes and media and file format obsolescence, and the continued linkage of recordkeeping metadata with individual records need to be managed to ensure appropriate records are maintained for as long as necessary.
When changing systems agencies will need to migrate all records and associated metadata except short-term value records due for destruction. System changes include system upgrades or changes in departmental structures. Following major changes in departmental structures, legacy records from discontinued systems may also need to be migrated.
The viability of techniques for refreshing and migrating media formats, and for mitigating file format obsolescence remains unproven over long periods of time. This is especially true for websites where the look-and-feel and specific functionality may be compromised as a result of file format migration.
The Archives Office and the Inter Agency Policy and Projects Unit of the Department of Premier and Cabinet are working to identify appropriate strategies and techniques for the long term preservation of electronic records. In the meantime agencies should develop and implement their own strategies for refreshing and migrating media formats, migrating file formats, and managing recordkeeping metadata.
Agencies should conduct a risk assessment to assist them in identifying and selecting suitable recordkeeping strategies for their websites and webpages. A risk assessment will help determine if different sections of the website have varying levels of associated recordkeeping risks.
Complex websites generally have increased recordkeeping risks. The complexity of an agency�s website will depend on its characteristics, underlying technology, sensitivity and purpose, and whether it is document centred or is a gateway interface to business applications.
Generally, websites that are gateway interfaces to business applications may have higher levels of complexity and associated recordkeeping risks. Key issues for these websites include the need to ensure authenticity of identity and security of data. Agencies need to determine the most appropriate place to capture records of these transactions (i.e. at the web-interface, the business application, or a combination of both).
Often document-like objects published on a website are copies of documents that have already been captured into the agency�s recordkeeping system. Where this occurs it is only necessary to implement a strategy that will ensure details relating to the publication of the document on the website are captured and maintained.
Some websites are created using content management systems but others are created without automated content controls and they can only be managed with regular snapshots and change logs.
Agencies should implement one or more of the following strategies to ensure adequate records of websites and webpages are captured. The implementation of some of these strategies on their own may not be an adequate recordkeeping solution. Agencies therefore should select an appropriate strategy or combination of strategies depending on the type or complexity of the website.
Many of these strategies involve keeping logs of website transactions that will contain personal information about the user. Agencies must be aware of, and comply with, the Personal Information Protection Act 2004.
A content management system (CMS) is a tool that allows users to manage content by simplifying or automating many processes involved in web publishing. This strategy can be used for all types of websites.
Snapshots are copies of a website taken at regular intervals. These need to be augmented with change logs that record changes to the website between snapshots. This strategy can be used for websites that only present information or publications where there is no interaction with the user.
For example:
date and time of change
action officer
details of change
Agencies can, if necessary, re-create webpages and content that were available on a website at a particular point in time.
Activity logs capture and maintain exchanges of data between a user and a website. This strategy can be used for gateway websites that provide a direct entry point to business applications, where the gateway simply provides access to the business application and the application does not have recordkeeping functionality. For example, database searches and results where no additional content or context is added by the website.
For example:
date and time of event
information about the user (IP address or domain name, web browser used, user name or identification)
webpage accessed and actions performed (such as searches and queries)
the resources returned to the user (including any scripts that are executed)
A full and accurate record of website service delivery is captured and maintained.
The creation of usable activity logs can be complex and technically difficult.
Complete records of the transaction are captured and maintained in the business application. This strategy can be used for gateway websites that provide a direct entry point to business applications, where the gateway simply provides access to the business application and the application has adequate recordkeeping functionality. For example, a business transaction which involves the payment of money where a receipt is issued.
For example:
date and time of event
information about the user (IP address or domain name, web browser used, user name or identification)
webpage accessed and actions performed (such as searches and queries)
the resources returned to the user (including any scripts that are executed)
security and authentication
A proper record of transactions is captured and maintained.
The business application may not have the required recordkeeping functionality to capture complete records of website service delivery.
Recordkeeping metadata elements relating to the transaction are captured in either the business application or an activity log. This strategy is suitable for gateway websites that provide a direct entry point to business applications, where the web-interface adds additional content and context. For example, the Land Information System Tasmania (the LIST).
This strategy incorporates recordkeeping functionality into both the business application and the web-interface.
Individual document-like objects posted to a website are captured and maintained in a recordkeeping system. This strategy should only be used to supplement other strategies to meet identified business needs.
Managing individual objects does not readily enable reconstruction of an entire website at a single point in time.
The advice in this guideline draws on international best practice; in particular:
Tasmanian Government, Website Standards
Tasmanian Government, Web Content Management Guidelines
Archives Office of Tasmania, Recordkeeping Advice No. 9 - Records Appraisal
Standards Australia, Australian Standard - Records Management AS ISO 15489
National Archives of Australia, Recordkeeping Metadata Standard for Commonwealth Agencies.


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- Join Date
- Aug 2008
- Posts
- 4
Posted On:
8/26/2008 6:53pm
Wing Chun and Hung Gar = the good and the bad?
I found a school that looks downright awesome, where people spar, where the price isn't like 100$ a month, and where the sifu really knows his stuff (he sounds like a real nice guy at that). I wanted to do praying mantis fist at first, but the lessons conflicted with my college schedule entirely. : (
So I'm left with Wing Chun or Hung Gar. I have my reasons to want to learn a CMA specifically, they'd bore you, so I'll leave them out.
I know all about the anti Wing Chun diatribes around here and I don't have enough experience to make any judgement as of now, but the complaints I've seen do seem appropriate from a logical standpoint.
There's not really enough material on Hung Gar to go by so I'll ask what would be the most err...better art to learn considering all aspects. From what I've seen, Hung Gar does seem more complex and fulfilling. And more fun too. I don't know if it's (more) efficent or practical (than WC), though, so basically I'd like to have your opinion about that.
Any redeeming qualities to Wing Chun or should I just go straight to Hung Gar?
solves problems with violence
- Join Date
- Jun 2004
- Location
- Posts
- 4,554
Posted On:
8/26/2008 10:29pm
Style: Judo, Hung Family Boxing--
hung ga(r) can be awesome, or it can be crap. it depends on the sifu, and the school."Face punches are an essential character building part of a martial art. You don't truly love your children unless you allow them to get punched in the face." - chi-conspiricy
"When I was a little boy, I had a sailor suit, but it didn't mean I was in the Navy." - Mtripp on the subject of a 5 year old karate black belt
"Without actual qualifications to be a Zen teacher, your instructor is just another roundeye raping Asian culture for a buck." - Errant108
"Seriously, who gives a **** what you or Errant think? You're Asian males, everyone just ignores you, unless you're in a krotty movie." - new2bjj
Gold Summit Martial Arts Institute
- Join Date
- Dec 2006
- Location
- Buffalo, NY
- Posts
- 1,822
Posted On:
8/26/2008 10:33pm
Style: Bazhengdao quan, Baji--
Where is this place?The best Kung Fu school in WNY
It's pretty beat up, but it is a complete copy....
- Join Date
- Mar 2005
- Location
- California
- Posts
- 2,528
Posted On:
8/26/2008 11:58pm
Style: EBMAS WT/ Latosa Concepts--
I would stick with MMA or Judo..........
seriously though, unless you give us more info about the WC or Hung Ga school thats about as good an answer as any.
"If anything is gained from this, it should be you both wanting to get better so you can make up for how crappy you are now." KidSpatula about the Sirc vs DTT Gong Sau EventUntil the Bulltube is fixed:DTT vs Sirc
- Join Date
- Aug 2008
- Posts
- 8
Posted On:
8/31/2008 3:25pm
Style: (Beautiful) Spring Roll--Originally Posted by Chrslbrt
We are out of newbietown, right?
Seriously, pundit, tell us more and give links to the schools, please.
Also, most MA schools offer free first lessons, won't hurt you to attend both the chun and h.g. ones and see what you like.
CLICK & WATCH: I got BULLSHIDO ON TV!!!
"Bruce Lee sucks because I slammed my nuts with nunchucks trying to do that stupid **** back in the day. I still managed to have two kids. I forgive you Bruce." - by Vorpal
- Join Date
- Aug 2008
- Posts
- 8
Posted On:
9/01/2008 8:59pm


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Like most other hoverflies, the adult E. balteatus are flower feeders and feed on nectar and pollen. They are beneficial to agriculture as important flower pollinators.
The males establish territories. They mark their territories by hovering over the area - often in a shaft of sunlight in open woodland - to attract females and chase off rival males.
After mating, females lay their eggs on foliage close to aphid colonies, or sometimes speculatively on plants that have yet to be colonised by aphids. The larvae are aphid predators and are mainly active at night.
In the UK, they have been shown to be important biological control agents of aphids on cereal crops.
Like other predatory fly larvae, they are occasionally cannibalistic, feeding on younger, smaller larvae of their own species.
The larvae are typical in structure for aphid-feeding hoverflies:
They feed by grabbing and piercing their prey using the mouth-hooks and sucking out the aphid's body contents before discarding its empty skin.
Each larva consumes more than 200 aphids during its development.
Larvae are whitish and semi-translucent - internal structures such as white fat bodies, orange tubules and dark gut contents are clearly visible.
When the larva is ready to pupate, its skin hardens to provide a protective case - or puparium - for the fragile pupa inside.
Pupation occurs near aphid colonies and the life cycle is completed within a month.
There are sometimes two generations of fly per year in the UK - one in late spring, the other from mid-summer to early autumn.
The spring generation is thought to arise from overwintering adults, and may be absent following a cold winter.


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Get all of our opinions and analysis on the most important stories of the past week right here on Massively Speaking, the industry's leading MMO podcast. And if you have a comment, question, or topic for the podcasters, send an email to firstname.lastname@example.com. We may just read your email on the air!
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Read below the cut for the full show notes.
Show Notes For Massively Speaking Episode 298
Hosts: Topics:
- What we've been playing: Guild Wars 2, Star Trek Online, WildStar
- Interview with WildStar's raiding team
- News: The Division is delayed until next year
- News: Dungeon Fighter Online returns from the dead
- News: WildStar's name reservation debacle
- News: Beastman race going into Allods Online
- Mailbag: Is it bad to be all things to all people?
- Mailbag: Item duration and H1Z1 PvE
- Mailbag: Diablo loot and MMOs
- Dungeon Fighter Online -- Main Theme
Massively Speaking is the official podcast of Massively.com. Hosted by Justin Olivetti, Brianna Royce, and the L2P Backup Dancers, Massively Speaking takes on the week's biggest news and dev interviews with plenty of opinion, rants, and laughs thrown in for good measure. Join us every Tuesday to hear what we'll say next!