text:
A memory device in which each cell includes two portions of isolated-granular material: one portion forms the channel of a single-electron transistor, and the other provides a hysteretic I-V relationship in the gate circuit of the transistor.
1. A memory device structure consisting of:
a transistor; and
a gate connection to said transistor in which a first isolated-granular structure, consisting of tunnel junctions and of grains made from conducting material, is interposed as a series conduction element;
said transistor having a second isolated-granular structure, consisting of tunnel junctions and of grains made from conducting material, as a channel thereof;
whereby the hysteretic state of said first isolated-granular structure stores data which is detectable through said transistor's performance.
2. The device structure of
3. The device structure of
4. The device structure of
5. The device structure of
6. A memory structure, comprising
a transistor;
a gate connection to said transistor in which a first isolated-granular structure, consisting of tunnel junctions and of grains made from conducting material, is interposed as a series conduction element;
said transistor having a second isolated-granular structure, consisting of tunnel junctions and of grains made from conducting material, as a channel thereof;
circuitry which controllably drives said first isolated-granular structure to store data therein; and
circuitry which controllably detects the conduction characteristics of said transistor, to thereby detect the hysteretic state of said first isolated-granular structure.
7. The memory structure of
8. The memory structure of
9. The memory structure of
10. The memory structure of
11. The memory structure of
12. The memory structure of
13. The memory structure of
14. A method for nonvolatile data storage, comprising the actions of:
selectably storing data, by driving a first isolated-granular structure, consisting of tunnel junctions and of grains made from conducting material, to induce hysteretic behavior; and
selectably reading data, by monitoring the characteristics of a transistor whose channel is formed in a second isolated-granular structure consisting of tunnel junctions and of grains made from conducting material, and which is gated by a potential which is at least partly dependent on the state of said first structure.
15. The method of
16. The method of
17. The method of
18. The method of
19. The method of
20. The method of
This application claims priority as a continuation-in-part of PCT application PCT/AT98/00105 filed Apr. 22 1998 and published as WO 98/53504, and therethrough from Austrian application A861/97 filed May 21 1997, both of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
The present application relates to memory structures which exploit the hysteretic and single-electron-gated conduction properties of isolated-granular films.
In the last twenty years integrated circuits have become continuously smaller and faster, and they consume less power per device. As further development of the well established CMOS technology starts to reach its limits, more and more new technologies are being suggested which promise to continue the trend to smaller, faster, lower-power, and cheaper. Among these new technologies, single-electronics is particularly interesting. An introduction to single-electron devices can be found in the article by Konstantin Likharev and Tord Claeson, 'Single Electronics', Scientific American, Jun. 1992, p. 50-55, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
Single-electron devices and circuits include islands (electric conducting regions such as quantum dots, metal grains and metal stripes) which are separated by tunnel barriers (potential barriers such as oxide). Additionally capacitors, resistors and voltage sources are incorporated. Islands (quantum dots) can only be charged or discharged by tunneling through potential barriers or thermionic emission over potential barriers. Such a charging can be suppressed by the so called Coulomb blockade, particularly if tunnel junction and island are very small. The Coulomb blockade together with tunneling allows the controlled transfer of single electrons between quantum dots (islands). This is also the reason for the name 'single-electronics'. The Coulomb blockade is the central physical effect which makes single-electronics possible. A number of devices (e.g. transistors, memories, logic gates, pumps, electrometers, among others) and manufacturing methods relating to this technology have been published or patented: see for example PCT and EPC applications WO94/15340, EP0642173A1, EP0727820A1, EP0675546A2, EP0718894A2, EP0750353A2, WO96/16448, and EP0649174A1, all of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
Crucial for an industrial success of single-electronics is operation at room temperature, manufacturability with established, economical, and reproducible methods, immunity to unavoidable manufacturing tolerances, and immunity to upset by random background charges. All devices so far published violate one or more of the above stated requirements (room temperature operation, simple mass fabrication, and immunity to random background charges).
To achieve a room temperature operation with such conventional devices, one would need to produce structures smaller than 10 nm. Fabrication tools for mass-producing such small structures are not available today. Unavoidable impurities introduce random background charges which can possibly suppress the Coulomb blockade entirely and thus break the desired operation of single-electron devices and circuits.
Immunity to random background charges is a particularly important requirement, since any semiconductor structure will have a certain density of free carriers at room temperature, any real semiconductor interface will have a certain density of traps, and any real environment will have a certain flux of ionizing radiation. The sensitivity which allows the device to respond to a single electron will also allow it to be affected, undesirably, by random charges.
This application describes a single-electron memory device which is immune to random background charges, works at room temperature, and is mass manufacturable with established and tested methods.
The disclosed devices use at least two isolated-granular films which are capacitively coupled. It solves all three above mentioned requirements for a digital memory element in a simple manner. A grain size below 10 nm is achieved by employing naturally formed granular films, particularly isolated-granular metal or semiconductor films, which are used in thin film structures. The size and shape of these films, rather than the individual grain, can then further be defined by well established lithography methods (optical lithography, e-beam) or any future method (SCALPEL, x-ray, ion-beam, near field, etc.). The smallest entity is thus not anymore the individual grain or tunnel barrier, but an isolated-granular film consisting of several nanoscopic grains and tunnel barriers. Since isolated-granular films can be produced with grain sizes down to 1 nm or less, the room temperature operation is ensured. And since there is no need to define individual quantum dots lithographically (they form naturally) there is no need for not yet established and available nanolithographic manufacturing tools. Thus patterning methods with minimum structures around 100 nm or even coarser are good enough for a successful production of the inventions described in this application. Additionally, employing isolated-granular films rather than individual quantum dots introduces a beneficial averaging effect which reduces the sensitivity to random background charges of this device. Background charges which disturb an individual island or a small part of the isolated-granular film do not necessarily have to disrupt the whole isolated-granular film. Hence the inventions described in this application can deal much better with impurities and errors introduced during manufacturing.
Further, this memory device can be read by Coulomb oscillations, as will be described later in more detail, which is insensitive to random background charges. This further reduces susceptibility to random background charges. The fact that the inventions described in this application employs isolated-granular films introduces therefore a strong resistance against random background charges which are caused by impurities and manufacturing errors.
A second reading mechanism exists where the IV-characteristic of one isolated-granular film changes depending on the charge stored in the device.
In contrast to the structures according to patent EP 0 642 173 A1 and EP 0 727 820 A1, where in one granular film storage and readout happens, the inventions described in this application has separated storage and readout structurally. This allows a separate optimization of the part which stores charges (information) and the one which reads it out. This means that the granular film responsible for storage and the granular film responsible for readout could be manufactured from two different materials and could be processed with two different process steps.
The properties of the isolated-granular film responsible for storage could be adjusted so that a nonvolatile memory device is achieved. This requires in particular high resistive isolated-granular films.
As already mentioned, the thin isolated-granular films in the inventions described in this application could be produced, for example, by evaporation or epitaxial growth methods followed by lithographic steps. Beside evaporation onto a substrate, one could also incorporate isolated-granular films into semiconducting structures, which is a well known technique today.
The disclosed inventions will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show important sample embodiments of the invention and which are incorporated in the specification hereof by reference, wherein:
FIG. 1 depicts a memory device with two isolated-granular films coupled through a floating gate.
FIG. 2 shows a modified device embodiment, wherein two isolated-granular films are directly coupled through an insulator, without a floating gate.
FIG. 3 shows a possible matrix configuration of bit-addressable memory devices like those of FIG. 1, FIG. 2, or alternative embodiments.
FIG. 4 schematically illustrates a simplified approximation to the microstructure of an isolated-granular film.
FIG. 5 shows the equivalent circuit of a piece of isolated-granular film, and FIG. 6 shows the equivalent circuit of a memory device which includes two pieces of isolated-granular film.
FIG. 7 illustrates the destructive readout mechanism using Coulomb oscillations.
FIG. 8 schematically shows the interconnection of the memory cells with the peripheral read and write circuits.
The numerous innovative teachings of the present application will be described with particular reference to the presently preferred embodiment (by way of example, and not of limitation).
FIG. 1 depicts a memory device with an isolated-granular film 1, which is used to store charges or prevent them from escaping, and an electrode 2. Electrode 3 capacitively couples film 1 to isolated-granular film 7, which itself is connected to electrodes 4 and 5. Electrode 3 and isolated-granular film 7 are separated by insulating layer 6. The two isolated-granular films 1 and 7 can be produced in established ways (compare for example with EP 727 820 A1, which is hereby incorporated by reference). Their structure is explained in more detail in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5.
In this class of embodiments, the two isolated-granular films are preferably separate parts of a single thin-film layer. This is advantageous in that the processing steps required for preparation of an isolated-granular film are only performed once.
FIG. 2 shows a modified variation. The individual parts are generally the same as depicted in FIG. 1, except that electrode 3 is missing. Isolated-granular films 1 and 7 overlap directly and thus provide a capacitive coupling (through an insulating layer).
FIG. 3 shows a possible matrix configuration of bit-addressable memory devices. 10 is the word line, 11 is the +bitline and 12 is the −bitline. The bit-addressable single-electron memory device, with capacitively coupled isolated-granular films 1 and 7 and with electrodes 2, 4, and 5 allows a writing and reading as follows.
A negative voltage pulse on electrode 2, or a combination of a negative pulse on 2 and a positive pulse on 4 and 5, lets electrons tunnel through isolated-granular film 1 and accumulate in electrode 3 or in the overlap region of isolated-granular film 1 and 7. This is equivalent to writing a logic '1'. If the polarity of applied voltages is reversed, electrons will be removed from the storage electrode 3 or from the overlap region of isolated-granular film 1 and 7. This is equivalent to writing a logic '0'. The success of writing a '1' or '0' can be controlled by monitoring the current through isolated-granular film 7. If writing was not successful, the duration or amplitude of the writing voltages can be changed adaptively.
After writing, when all electrodes have reached again zero potential, a certain number of excess electrons will remain on electrode 3 or in the overlap region of isolated-granular film 1 and 7. The amount of stored electrons can be just one, or up to several thousand or million of electrons. How many electrons are actually stored depends both on the properties of the isolated-granular films and on the duration and amplitude of writing voltage pulses. In general one will try to store as few electrons as possible to keep power consumption to its minimum and speed to its maximum. However, in order to reduce error processes one will try to store more than one electron.
Depending on the material properties of isolated-granular film 1, one can adjust the storage time of electrons on electrode 3 (or the overlap region of film 1 and 7). Thermally activated electrons could escape from electrode 3 through isolated-granular film 1. Also by co-tunneling can electrons leave electrode 3. This can lead to losing the stored information. The storage time can be from few picoseconds up to several years. Thus one can turn it into a nonvolatile memory device. But even at short storage durations one could manufacture dynamic memories whose storage has to be periodically refreshed.
Reading the stored information could be accomplished in the following way. The stored charges on electrode 3 or in the overlap region of film 1 and 7 changes the IV-characteristic of film 7. That is a different current is observed depending if electrode 3 is charged or not. This is a nondestructive readout.
A different readout mechanism is as follows. One applies the same voltage pulses on electrodes 2, 4, and 5 as when writing a logic '0'. Additionally one applies a small voltage difference between electrodes 4 and 5 (+bitline 11 and −bitline 12); that is, one writes a '0' into the device. At the same time, one measures the current flowing through film 7, and two cases can be distinguished. If the memory device already contained a '0' before writing another '0', the stored charge will not change. This will keep the current through isolated-granular film 7 unmodulated (unchanged). If however a '1' was stored before a '0' is written, charge has to be removed from electrode 3 or the overlap region of film 1 and 7. This will cause the current through film 7 to change periodically. This phenomenon is known as Coulomb oscillations. These oscillations are random background charge independent (only the phase is background charge dependent). Thus, the presence of current oscillations while writing a '0' determines if a '0' or '1' was stored. This method is a destructive readout. If a '1' was stored, one has to refresh the charge. FIG. 7 illustrates this readout mechanism. Shown are simulated results.
FIG. 4 depicts an isolated-granular film consisting of grains 8 and tunnel junctions 9. The actual arrangement of grains is not important and will in general not be uniform. Compare also to EP 727 820 A1 or EP 642 173 A1. Grains have to be made from conducting material (metal, semiconductor, conducting polymers, . . . ) and tunnel junctions can either be made from insulating materials (oxides of various kinds, nitrides, . . . ) or be potential barriers formed by depletion electrodes or otherwise naturally formed potential barriers.
FIG. 5 shows the equivalent circuit of a piece of isolated-granular film. 8 are the grains and 9 is the internationally used symbol for a tunnel junction. Here again, the precise connections of tunnel junctions is neither crucial (nor, in general, controllable) with current production processes.
FIG. 6 depicts the equivalent circuit of this memory device. The actual connections of grains in isolated-granular films 1 and 7 is arbitrary. Important for the correct function is the capacitive coupling of film 1 and film 7. Stray capacitances are not depicted.
FIG. 7 illustrates the destructive readout mechanism using Coulomb oscillations. This illustrates that reading the memory cell when a "1" was stored will result in Coulomb oscillations in thin film 7. If a "0" was stored, no oscillations will result in thin film 7 from the read. Since the readout is destructive, it must of course be followed by a writeback step to restore the data into the selected cell.
The material of films 1 and 7 is arbitrary, as long as conductive regions 8 are separated by not-conductive or less-conductive regions 9. The less-conductive regions are such that electrons can tunnel through, jumping from one quantum dot 8 to another. An isolated-granular film could be for example an oxide with metal grains embedded. In an alternative embodiment, metal granules are first covered with an isolating layer and then deposited on a substrate. For the granules themselves, semiconductors, or even organic materials can be used instead of metals. Many different manufacturing processes have been described in the literature. Fabrication of metallic granular films is described, for example, in: 'Formation of gold particles at a functional LB film/gold interface leading to Coulomb blockade phenomena', M. Burghard, G. Philipp, C. Mueller-Schwanneke, S. Roth, SYNTHETIC METALS, 94 (1998), 141-144; 'pH-gated single-electron tunneling in chemically modified gold nanoclusters', L. C.Brousseau, Q. Zhao, D. A. Schultz, D. L. Feldheim, J. AM.CHEM.SOC., 120 (1998), 7645-7646; 'Fabrication and physics of ˜2 nm islands for single electron devices', W. Chen, H. Ahmed, J.VAC.SCI. TECHNOLOGY B, 13 (1995), 2883-2887; 'Room-temperature Coulomb blockade dominated transport in gold nanocluster structures', L. Clarke et al., SEMICOND.SCI.TECHNOL. 13 (1998), A111-A114; 'Coulomb blockade effect through a 2D ordered array of Pd islands obtained by colloidal deposition', C. Lebreton, C. Vieu, A. Pepin, M. Mejias, F. Carcenac, Y. Jin, H. Launois, MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING41/42 (1998), 507-510; all of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
Fabrication and behavior of semiconducting isolated-granular films (which are also suitable for use with the disclosed structure, and possibly even preferable) is described, for example, in: 'TSR quantum dots and their application to nanometer-size memory devices', Y. Sakuma, Y. Awano, M. Shima, FUJITSU SCI.TECH.J., 34 (1998), 162-181; 'Construction of semiconductor nanoparticle layers on gold by self-assembly technique', T. Nakanishi, B. Ohtani, K. Uosaki, JPN.J.APPL.PHYS. 36 (1997), 4053-4056; 'Fabrication and electrical characteristics of single electron tunneling devices based on Si quantum dots prepared by plasma processing', A. Dutta, M. Kimura, Y. Honda, M. Otobe, A. Itoh, S. Oda, JPN.J.APPL.PHYS., 36 (1997), 4038-4041; and 'Self-assembled Ge dots: growth, characterization, ordering, and applications', P. Schittenhelm et al., J.VAC.SCI.TECHNOL. B, 16 (1998), 1575-1581; all of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
The advantage of the inventions described in this application is their use of isolated-granular films which allows one to produce grains down to 1 nm diameter or less (which ensures room temperature operation). Further, the use of capacitively coupled isolated-granular films in contrast to single quantum dots reduces manufacturing requirements, since one does not have to resolve the single grain and tunnel junction lithographically. The dimension of isolated-granular films can be orders of magnitude larger than the dimensions of individual grains. The use of many grains per isolated-granular film averages the characteristics of individual grains, and thus provide a better immunity against background charges. Using Coulomb oscillations for readout further reduces sensitivity to random background charges.
FIG. 8 schematically shows the interconnection of the memory cells with the peripheral read and write circuits. The implementation shown includes three connections to each cell.
A word-line driver circuit 810 applies drive to the gate circuits of the cells in a selected row, and a bit-line driver circuit 820 biases the source and drain terminals of cells in a selected column.
During a write operation the word-line driver circuit 810 drives the gate circuits of the selected row in one direction (high, for example), and the bit-line driver circuit 820 drives the source and drain terminals of cells in the selected column in the opposite direction (low, for example).
The simplest implementation of the write operation is to bias both bitline terminals equally. However, in an alternative embodiment a bias voltage can be applied between the two members of the active bitline pair, so that completed writing can be seen by Coulomb oscillations and/or by interspersing read operations with write pulses.
During a read operation the selected cell a gate-source bias is similarly applied to the selected cell. The bit-line driver circuit 820 also applies a differential bias across the two bitlines of the selected column, and the read circuitry 830 detects the signal swing due to current in the selected cell.
As shown in the simulation of FIG. 7, the Coulomb oscillation will cause a distinctive data-dependent signature in the detected bitline voltage. Since the bias voltage is ramped (as also shown in FIG. 7), the Coulomb oscillation will also appear as an AC signal at the detector stage. The read circuitry can therefore be optimized for detection of this AC signal, and is preferably a DC-isolated differential amplifier.
As will be recognized by those of ordinary skill in the art of nonvolatile memory peripherals, other biasing arrangements can be used instead, compatibly with the device physics described above.
Following are short definitions of the usual meanings of some of the technical terms which are used in the present application. (However, those of ordinary skill will recognize whether the context requires a different meaning.) Additional definitions can be found in the standard technical dictionaries and journals.
Amorphous: A material in which there are no crystalline portions.
Bandgap: The range of energies which is normally unavailable to carriers in an undoped semiconductor. For example, the bandgap of germanium is about two-thirds of a electron Volt (eV), that of silicon is slightly more than one eV, and that of gallium arsenide is slightly less than 1 ˝ eV.
Bipolar Transistor: A type of transistor in which current flow between emitter and collector diffusions is controlled by current at a base diffusion.
Carrier: In a semiconductor, an electron or hole, which can move around in the semiconductor material to transport charge. The movement of carriers is how electrical current flows.
Depletion: Reduction of carrier density, in a volume of semiconductor material, due to applied voltage.
Diffusion: The process of diffusion is the spontaneous movement of dopant or impurity atoms through a semiconductor, at a rate which depends on temperature and on the particular elements involved. The noun "diffusion" usually refers to a doped portion of a semiconductor material.
Diffusion Barrier: A material in which impurities have a low diffusion constant. For example, titanium nitride is often used as a conductive diffusion barrier material in silicon integrated circuit technology.
Diode: A two-terminal device.
Dopant: An atom added to a semiconductor, which, when activated, provides a "carrier" (i.e. an electron or hole) which can move around in the semiconductor to enable the flow of current. For example, in silicon technology, boron or gallium can act as P-type dopants (or "acceptors"), and phosphorus, arsenic, or antimony can act as N-type dopants (or "donors").
Drain: In a field-effect transistor, the diffusion to which majority carriers are emitted. For example, in an NMOS transistor, the drain will often be found connected to the more negative supply voltage (e.g. ground). In a PMOS transistor, the source will often be found connected to a positive power supply voltage.
Field-Effect Transistor (FET): A three-terminal device in which current between two current-carrying electrodes ("Source" and "drain") is controlled by the voltage applied to a "gate" terminal.
Gate: In a field-effect transistor, the electrode to which a control voltage is applied to modulate the conduction of the transistor.
Grain Boundary: An interface between separate grains in a polycrystalline material. The grain boundaries often have conduction and diffusion properties which are very different from those in the grains' interiors.
Hysteresis: The history-dependence of a property, e.g. of magnetism in a hard ferromagnetic material, or of polarization in a ferroelectric.
Junction: An interface between p-type and n-type semiconductor material.
Metallic: A material which has excess carriers, and hence is conductive. The term "metallic" may be applied to conductive materials (such as doped polysilicon or titanium nitride) which are not metals.
Metallization: In integrated circuits, a patterned wiring layer, which usually does not include transistor gates. Several independent metallization layers are typically used.
MOSFET: An insulated-gate field effect transistor, in which the gate is separated from the channel by a thin layer of an insulating material.
N-channel: A channel of n-type semiconductor material induced in a FET as a result of a bias applied to the gate. This channel allows current to flow from the drain to the source of an NMOS transistor. Typically an N-type channel is formed by surface inversion of p-type material, but it may also be formed by surface enhancement of n-type material.
NMOS: An n-channel field effect transistor, or a circuit or chip containing this type of transistor.
Nonvolatile memory: A memory in which the stored data will remain for a very long time, even if the power, supply is disconnected. Common types include EPROM, EEPROM, Flash, and battery-backed CMOS modules.
N-type: A volume of semiconductor which normally includes an excess of electrons. This can be achieved by introduction of "donor" dopants (such as phosphorus, arsenic, or antimony in silicon).
P-channel: A channel of p-type semiconductor material induced in a FET as a result of a bias applied to the gate. This channel allows carriers to flow from the source to the drain of a PMOS transistor.
P-type: A volume of semiconductor which normally includes an excess of holes. This can be achieved by introduction of "acceptor" dopants (such as boron or gallium in silicon).
PMOS: A p-channel field effect transistor, or a circuit or chip containing this type of transistor.
Polycrystalline: A material which is neither monocrystalline nor amorphous, but instead includes monocrystalline grains separated by grain boundaries.
Polysilicon: Polycrystalline silicon.
Resistivity: A measure of the resistance of a given material. Units are ohms times length.
Schottky Diode: A diode formed by a metal semiconductor interface.
Semiconductor: A material which is less conductive than a metallic material, but more conductive than an insulator. (More precisely, a semiconductor will have a nonzero "bandgap" between its valence and conduction bands, which is no more than a few electron volts at the very most.) The most frequently used semiconductor material is silicon, but there are many others, including e.g. gallium arsenide (or "GaAs"), silicon-germanium, mercury cadmium telluride, indium phosphide, gallium-indium arsenide-phosphide, lead tin telluride, diamond, and silicon carbide.
Sheet Resistance: The resistance of a square resistor, made from a given thin-film material, which has contacts on two opposite sides.
SOI: Silicon on insulator device. These devices have a steeper sub-threshold slope than conventional bulk devices, thus reducing off-state current without increasing Vt.
Source: In a field-effect transistor, the diffusion from which majority carriers are emitted. For example, in an NMOS transistor, the source will often be found connected to the more negative supply voltage (e.g. ground). In a PMOS transistor, the source will often be found connected to a positive power supply voltage.
SRAM: A static random-access memory, i.e. a memory in which the stored data will remain as long as power is applied.
TFT: A thin film transistor, in which the channel is made of a polycrystalline (rather than monocrystalline) material.
Threshold Voltage: The voltage at which a transistor starts to turn on.
Volatile memory: A memory in which the stored data will quickly evaporate if the power supply is disconnected. Common types include DRAM and SRAM.
As will be recognized by those skilled in the art, the innovative concepts described in the present application can be modified and varied over a tremendous range of applications, and accordingly the scope of patented subject matter is not limited by any of the specific exemplary teachings given.
Preferably the two isolated-granular films are capacitively coupled by a storage electrode which collects charges which tunnel through one isolated-granular film and which is isolated by an oxide layer from the second isolated-granular film. However, in one contemplated class of alternative embodiments, it is also possible to directly overlap both isolated-granular films without the storage electrode in between. The isolating film between first and second isolated-granular film stays, but the net advantage of this alternative is expected to be a more compact device.
In another contemplated class of alternative embodiments, it is also possible to introduce a floating electrode, separated by an insulating layer from first and second isolated-granular film, between the isolated-granular films. The capacitive coupling is then achieved by two capacitors in series.
It is also possible to reduce isolated-granular films to isolated-granular one-dimensional quantum wires, or even single quantum-dots. In a further variation of this embodiment, it is also contemplated that the capacitive coupling between the two isolated-granular portions can also be achieved in-plane if both isolated-granular films, wires, or dots are positioned side by side (or interleaved).
In another contemplated (and less preferred) class of alternative embodiments, the write and read processes can be performed with higher resolution, to store more than one bit of data) per cell. This is however a further refinement, which is preferably not incorporated in first-generation devices.
None of the description in the present application should be read as implying that any particular element, step, or function is an essential element which must be included in the claim scope: THE SCOPE OF PATENTED SUBJECT MATTER IS DEFINED ONLY BY THE ALLOWED CLAIMS. Moreover, none of these claims are intended to invoke paragraph six of 35 USC section 112 unless the exact words "means for" are followed by a participle.
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Mercury in Eggs and Feathers of Great Egrets (Ardea albus ) from the Florida Everglades
- D. G. Rumbold,
- S. L. Niemczyk,
- L. E. Fink,
- T. Chandrasekhar,
- B. Harkanson,
- K. A. Laine
- … show all 6 hide
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Great egret (Ardea albus) eggs and nestling feathers were collected for total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) analysis from two colonies in the Florida Everglades in 1999 and 2000. THg was present in all eggs at a mean concentration of 0.39 ± 0.19 μg/g fresh weight (n = 33, range = 0.08–0.86 μg/g). Egg-THg levels did not differ significantly between colonies or years. MeHg concentration in eggs was 0.35 ± 0.18 μg/g fresh weight (n = 20, range = 0.05–0.82 μg/g,), and on average represented 85% of the THg found in the egg. Concentration of THg in feathers from egret nestlings, age 11–31 days, ranged from 1.4 to 8.6 μg/g dry weight. Feather-THg levels also did not differ significantly between colonies or years. THg concentrations in feathers, normalized based on bill length, were positively correlated to THg concentrations in eggs from the same clutch. Levels of THg in both eggs and feathers were lower in 1999 and 2000 than values reported for similar samples collected in 1993–95, indicating that MeHg exposure has decreased in the southern Everglades since the mid-1990s. THg levels in eggs and nestling feathers for the period of this study were below levels associated with toxic reproductive effects. Clutch size, fledging success, and brood size observed in this study were consistent for this species in the Everglades. Collectively, these results suggest that MeHg was not adversely affecting the reproductive performance of this population during the study.
- Title
- Mercury in Eggs and Feathers of Great Egrets (Ardea albus) from the Florida Everglades
- Journal
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
Volume 41, Issue 4 , pp 501-507
- Cover Date
- 2001-11
- 10.1007/s002440010277
- Print ISSN
- 0090-4341
- Online ISSN
- 1432-0703
- Publisher
- Springer-Verlag
- Additional Links
- Topics
- Industry Sectors
- Authors
- D. G. Rumbold (A1)
- S. L. Niemczyk (A1)
- L. E. Fink (A1)
- T. Chandrasekhar (A2)
- B. Harkanson (A1)
- K. A. Laine (A1)
- Author Affiliations
- A1. South Florida Water Management District, Mail Code 6442, 3301 Gun Club Rd., West Palm Beach, Florida 33406, USA, US
- A2. Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Central Laboratory, 2600 Blair Stone Road, Tallahassee, Florida 32399-2400, USA, US

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Frank Lewis
PDT Staff Writer
A traffic stop by Portsmouth police officers resulted in two arrests Thursday. Charged with possession of drugs - heroin and possessing criminal tools were Marice J. Lauderdale, 33, of 29 1/2 Davis Ave., Dayton, and Shannon L. Smyth, 35, of 121 Mia Ave., Dayton.
Officer Chris Hedrick conducted a traffic stop on a white 2000 Explorer for having a shattered windshield. Lauderdale was a passenger in that vehicle. Hedrick said he had recently received an anonymous complaint that there was drug activity at 2962 Gallia St. The driver of the vehicle said Lauderdale and his brother had arrived in town the day before and had stayed at her house the night before.
The woman consented to having her vehicle and house searched. Nothing was found in the vehicle, but Lauderdale accompanied officers back to the woman's house where two more people were found - one of those was Smyth. Officer Steve Timberlake located a sandwich bag in the kitchen garbage can that had some pieces of torn baggies with residue. Timberlake contacted detective Lee Bower for assistance in the search. Detectives Bower, Josh Justice and Matt Spencer responded and completed the search.
Officers found two sets of digital scales - one of which had heroin residue, and several torn baggies that appeared to have been used in packaging drugs for resale. Lauderdale reportedly had $595 cash in his wallet and Smyth had $2,255 in cash in his wallet. All of the cash was suspected to have been gained through drug sales. Officers also seized their cell phones and the two were arrested.
Additional charges may be presented to the Scioto County grand jury.
Frank Lewis may be reached at 740-353-3101, ext. 252, or at email@example.com. For breaking news, follow Frank on Twitter @FrankLewisPDT.


text:
Hey guys.
First things first.
I want to say im very sorry to the guys at IGN who sadly had to be laid off, writers such as Ryan Clements the man who changed my mind about DMC Devil May Cry after watching his review and not to mention a very impotent person for the PlayStation crew BEYOND!!
Colin Campbell who has written so many great IGN articles through out his career, you blog Why I Love Ni No Kun makes me want a PS3 and also want to play Ni No Kuni ( i own an XBOX)
I just want to say i wish you guys and all the other who have laid off at IGN the very best of luck, hopefully you talented writors can find a new job in the videos game industry.


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All | Beer | Bourbon | Brandy | Cocktails | Gin | Rum | Scotch | Tequila | Vodka | Whiskey | Wine
WhistlePig's New Rye Recalls The Old World
WhistlePig, a Vermont entry in the new age of small-production whiskey, is paying tribute to Old World Scotch and wine makers with a trio of...more
Posted: April 24, 2015 By Jack Bettridge
I.W. Harper Bourbon Bows In (Again)
The distinguished Bourbon brand name of I.W. Harper is returning to the United States, complete with its familiar logo depicting a bowing gentleman,...more
Posted: April 17, 2015 By Jack Bettridge
Samuel Adams Arouses With First-Ever Double IPA
When the Boston Beer Company debuted its first official West Coast-style India Pale Ale, Samuel Adams Rebel IPA, last year, the craft beer community...more
Posted: April 10, 2015 By Andrew Nagy
The Canadian Invasion
It took the Civil War and a Constitutional amendment for Canadian whisky to get recognition south of the border in the United States. Now we can...more
Posted: April 3, 2015 By Jack Bettridge
Cigar Pairings for Diageo's 2014 Single Malt Scotch Special Releases
The annual appearance of the Diageo Single Malt Special Releases always holds plenty of promise. After all, the company has a lot of whisky to choose...more
Posted: March 27, 2015 By Jack Bettridge
Oban's Newest Small Whisky
Sometimes it seems as though a lot is small about Oban single-malt Scotch whisky-from its clipped name to its matchbox distillery to its single pair...more
Posted: February 27, 2015 By Jack Bettridge
Glemorangie Goes Against the Grain
A common direction in whisky-making is that the barley strains used in malting are constantly evolving because degraded disease resistance and...more
Posted: February 13, 2015 By Jack Bettridge
How Bunnahabhain Scotch Got its Peat Back
Casual fans of Scotch whisky know that the Islay region makes smoke bombs. Those a little more studious can tell you that Bunnahabhain, made with...more
Posted: February 6, 2015 By Jack Bettridge
Lost (And Sort of Found) Whisky
If you don't believe in an afterlife, consider whisky distilleries: some are shuttered only to be reopened (e.g. BenRiach, Bruichladdich, Glencadam,...more
Posted: January 30, 2015 By Jack Bettridge
Three Glencadam Scotches to Pair with a Cigar
Glencadam, the lone distiller in the Scottish east highlands county of Angus, is raising its profile in America through a new distributor that made...more
Posted: January 23, 2015 By Jack Bettridge
Three Tesseron Cognacs for Your Cigar
Tesseron, the Cognac house that bills itself as "XO and beyond," has taken a couple of steps in the latter direction with a triple release, its new...more
Posted: January 16, 2015 By Jack Bettridge
The oldest Scotch whisky ever released (70 years) is a hard act to follow but Mortlach, the venerable Speyside distillery in Dufftown, has done an...more
Posted: January 9, 2015 By Jack Bettridge


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Collaborative Science
This module explores ethical issues arising as a result of collaborative research. This module focuses on collaborative research within academia rather than collaborations between academia and private industry. Topics addressed include but are not limited to:
- What are the various types of collaborations?
- How do collaborations arise?
- Who may and who may not count as a collaborator?


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4th Annual Clothesline Project
Tuesday, April 9, 2:00 pm - 04:00 PM - Rose Parlor
The 4th Annual Clothesline Project. An art project to raise awareness about violence against women. Tuesday, April 9 and Wednesday April 10 from 2pm to 4pm @ Rose Parlor. Sponsored by the Women's Student Action Coalition and Campus Housing.


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Troubling business : difference and whiteness within feminism
Moreton-Robinson, Aileen M. (2000) Troubling business : difference and whiteness within feminism. Australian Feminist Studies, 15(33), pp. 343-352.
Impact and interest:
Citation counts are sourced monthly from Scopus and Web of Science® citation databases.
These databases contain citations from different subsets of available publications and different time periods and thus the citation count from each is usually different. Some works are not in either database and no count is displayed. Scopus includes citations from articles published in 1996 onwards, and Web of Science® generally from 1980 onwards.
Citations counts from the Google Scholar™ indexing service can be viewed at the linked Google Scholar™ search.
|ID Code:
|Item Type:
|Journal Article
|Moreton-Robinson, Australian, Feminist, Whiteness
|Current > QUT Faculties and Divisions > Faculty of Education
Current > Research Centres > Indigenous Studies Research Network
|Deposited On:
|07 Dec 2009 02:13
|Last Modified:
|07 Dec 2009 02:13
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Unlocking the Key to Deep Sleep
By Sarah Fenske
Making the Ferguson Commission Matter
By Danny Wicentowski
My Fake Boyfriend Became a Real-Life Crush
By Lindsay Toler
Rep. Jeffrey Pogue Bill Would Ban Unisex Bathrooms
By Danny Wicentowski
Darren Wilson Gives Speech to Nonprofit
By Danny Wicentowski
Angel Stewart and Other Victims of Violence Ask for Mercy
By Jessica Lussenhop
Obama Praises St. Louis' LaunchCode
By Lindsay Toler
By Lindsay Toler
In St. Louis, of course, the record floods of 1993 and '95 brought forcefully home one of the key issues with which Heat-Moon deals: the channelization of rivers through the building of levees and the dredging and straightening of river courses. "I think nationally, and specifically in Missouri, we've come a long, long way toward understanding channelizing rivers," Heat-Moon says. "We're not there yet, but we're beginning to understand that in our case -- and this is true of other rivers, too, but let me use it as a case in point -- the Missouri River above all things is going to answer to natural law. We simply are not big enough or smart enough or powerful enough to control natural law to the degree that we might like to. There's only so much we can do, and then we take it right in the jaw. The Missouri will behave as the Missouri must behave.
"The thing for us to do that makes sense, and certainly eventually will save not only lives and property but save all taxpayers a whole lot of money, is to have the human aspects of the riverine system in concord with nature. We're beginning to take down some of the levees here and there on the Missouri so that it can spread out a bit, but it still doesn't have the room it needs. It's a fascinating thing, and a real education for anybody, to go up the river here just a few miles and see New Haven, Mo. It sits right down there -- it seems almost level with the river -- but they never needed a floodwall until other people started putting up floodwalls. One man puts up a floodwall, then somebody else is probably going to have to put up one, and if he makes it higher, then the other guy must make it higher. So now what happens is, you get water coming up to the foot of the Arch in St. Louis. That's not a freak of nature -- that's a freak of man."
Heat-Moon points the finger of blame at commercial interests: developers who profit from the wetlands "reclaimed" through levee-raising; barge companies that benefit from channelization. "I think anytime you manage a natural resource primarily to the benefit of one (interest), you're going to have tremendous loss," he says. "That's what happens with the lower Missouri, from Sioux City, Iowa, down. It's managed as a barge channel, even though there's almost no barge traffic on it -- it's negligible. On the Mississippi there's more traffic, and certainly below the Ohio it's so big that their managing it for a channel still leaves some room for other things -- much more so than on the lower Missouri. But I don't think there's any way you can manage a river for barge traffic without having incredible environmental loss: loss of species, loss of diversity of all sorts of life-forms.
"On the Ohio and the Mississippi, there are certainly a lot of things getting moved, a lot of tonnage getting moved. Whether it's economical or not, I don't know, but it certainly costs U.S. taxpayers a whole lot of money, I think. I believe I say in the book that there's no end of the transportation industry that is so subsidized as is the barge business. What we essentially do is lay down the equivalent to highways or rails, and they pay virtually nothing to use this very expensive platform to move their goods on."
Heat-Moon acknowledges some incremental progress on other fronts, including the demolition of problematic dams, which often wreak havoc on the ecosystem: "Since we made this trip, one dam has come down in Maine. There are a couple more -- I believe it's a series of four -- that I just recently heard about that are going to come down in California. And now there's serious talk about taking down those four new and huge dams on the lower Snake River, which I mention in the book. These are some of the newest dams, with massively big locks. We're starting now to do something about those, because those dams virtually destroyed the run of salmon."
The reduction of water pollution is progressing with similar slowness, like a badly injured patient taking small, painful steps in rehab. The legislation of the 1970s has produced "incredible improvements in American waters" in Heat-Moon's estimation, but a relapse is always possible: "The very year we started out," he says, "in April '95, right-wing extremists in Congress were attempting to undo the Clean Water Act. It didn't happen because Americans wouldn't buy into that Contract with America and Newt Gingrich, but at the time it looked bad." And Heat-Moon emphasizes that however real the gains, much work remains undone: "We're better, it seems to me, than we were in, say, 1950, when I was a boy, but we've still got a long way to go. We've gotten rid of a lot of the easy things. The point-source pollution I think we're doing very well on, thanks to the Clean Water Act. But non-point-source pollution -- the pollution that's running off from farm fields or parking lots -- those things are harder to solve. We really have to get agriculture trying to realize the importance of our waters."
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Well over one million people in less-developed countries were on HIV/AIDS antiretroviral drug therapy, and routine HIV testing was recommended in the U.S. In an unusual case, bird flu spread person to person in Indonesia. A study suggested that most lung cancers could be caught early and cured.
HIV and AIDS
June 5, 2006, marked the 25th anniversary of the first published report of an unknown deadly infectious disease that had sickened five previously healthy young men in Los Angeles. The disease—acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)—soon grew into a global pandemic, and in the quarter century since that report, HIV had infected 65 million people worldwide and killed 25 million. Nevertheless, stunning progress had been made in understanding, preventing, and treating HIV infections. A study published in November 2006 indicated that a person diagnosed with HIV in the United States could expect to live an average of 24 years with treatment. The pandemic continued to wreak havoc, however, particularly in poor countries. Indeed, the vast majority of the 4.3 million new HIV infections and the 2.9 million AIDS deaths in 2006 were in people living in less-developed countries.
An end-of-the-year report by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and the World Health Organization (WHO) painted a detailed picture of the epidemic. The number of people who had been infected with HIV was growing in every region of the world. The most dramatic increases were seen in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, where the numbers of newly infected people in 2006 were almost 70% higher than in 2004. Of the 37.2 million HIV-infected adults, just under one-half were women. In sub-Saharan Africa, which continued to be the region most devastated by HIV/AIDS (with about 63% of the world's HIV-infected population), the ratio of infected women to men was 14 to 10.
The UNAIDS/WHO report described "a global revolution in the delivery of complex therapy in resource-limited settings," although only 24% of people infected with HIV and in need of treatment had access to it. From 2001 through 2005, the number of people on antiretroviral drugs in low- and middle-income countries increased from 240,000 to 1,300,000, and the number of health care sites that provided antiretroviral drugs grew from 500 to more than 5,000. Expanded access to treatment was estimated to have averted 250,000–350,000 AIDS deaths between 2003 and 2005. Universal access to treatment remained an important goal, but many public health leaders warned that treatment without prevention could never be sustained.
Among the most promising prevention technologies on the horizon were microbicides that could be applied inside the vagina or rectum to prevent sexual transmission of HIV. Five products had passed safety tests and were in large-scale clinical trials to evaluate their effectiveness and many others were in earlier-stage trials or under development. Having a prevention method that women could use without a partner's participation had become a high priority. A keynote speaker at a conference on microbicides in Cape Town in April explained, "Asking women to simply abstain, be faithful, or use condoms is not practical. Nor is it enough—especially when UNAIDS reports that 75% of new infections are acquired from a spouse or regular partner…. Marriage, or being in what a woman thinks is a monogamous, faithful relationship, is sadly one of the biggest HIV risk factors for many young African women."
Another prevention approach that was being explored was male circumcision. Numerous studies had shown an inverse correlation between rates of male circumcision and rates of HIV infection. In West Africa, where circumcision was common, the prevalence of sexually transmitted HIV infection was low. In southern Africa, where circumcision was not common, the reverse was true. In India uncircumcised men had a sevenfold higher incidence of HIV infection than circumcised men. Biology largely accounted for these differences—the tissue of the internal foreskin contains cells that are specific targets for HIV, and removal of the foreskin substantially lowers men's susceptibility. A medical trial in South Africa that involved more than 3,000 male volunteers began in 2004 and was stopped in 2005 when it became clear that circumcision reduced sexual transmission of HIV from women to men by 60%. Using data from that trial, an international team of scientists estimated that in sub-Saharan Africa male circumcision could prevent six million new infections and save three million lives over 20 years.
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued significantly revised HIV-testing recommendations that took effect in September. Specifically, the health agency recommended HIV testing in the United States for everyone aged 13–64 as a part of routine health care. It also specified that prevention counseling and written consent at the time of a test should no longer be required; surveys suggested that for many people those previous requirements were deterrents to getting tested. CDC officials believed that the new recommendations would, among other goals, reduce the stigma associated with HIV testing and enable people who learned that they were infected to take steps to prevent their infecting others.
The Global Polio Eradication Initiative, begun in 1988 (when about 350,000 people in 125 countries had the crippling viral disease), did not meet its revised goal of ridding the world of polio by the end of 2005. Nonetheless, in October 2005 an advisory committee reaffirmed the feasibility of eradication "in the near future." In four countries—Nigeria, India, Afghanistan, and Pakistan—the chain of polio transmission had yet to be entirely broken. Nigeria recorded 1,062 new cases of polio through mid-November 2006, compared with a total of 830 in 2005, and India had 624 new cases through late November 2006, compared with a total of 66 in 2005. An outbreak in western Uttar Pradesh state spread to many previously polio-free areas within India and to four formerly polio-free countries: Bangladesh, Nepal, Angola, and Namibia. Afghanistan had been on the verge of eradication in 2005, when 9 polio cases were recorded; in 2006, the number exceeded 30. Vaccination efforts had been compromised in Afghanistan's violence-ridden south. At the end of the year, WHO and UNICEF appealed to both government and anti-government forces to agree upon "Days of Tranquility" so that polio vaccinators could safely reach every child.


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Find the perfect hotel in Lascassas using our hotel guide provided below. Find discounted hotel accommodations in or close to Lascassas, TN for your upcoming personal or group travel. We show the best Lascassas Tennessee hotel/motel rooms. Review the Lascassas hotel list below to find the perfect lodging. We also have a map of the Lascassas hotels.
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Press Release
Consumers Invited to Submit Kitchen Design Questions through Social Campaign for Personalized Responses from Renowned Designer
ENGLEWOOD CLIFFS, N.J., June 5, 2014 – The kitchen is one of the most challenging rooms in the house to design. LG Studio and renowned designer and decorator Nate Berkus want to change that by offering real solutions and real inspiration with a new web and social media campaign all geared toward helping consumers to have the kitchen of their dreams.
That's why Berkus and LG Electronics, maker of premium LG Studio appliances, are inviting consumers to share their inspiration for what would make their signature kitchen via the dedicated landing page LGStudioKitchen.com or using #LGStudio on Twitter.
Starting today, fans can share questions and their personal design inspiration with Berkus for a chance to receive a signed copy of his best-selling book, "The Things That Matter."* Berkus and the LG Studio team will also choose a select number of submissions that inspire them the most and share real-time responses from Berkus, live from the LG Studio kitchen in New York on June 19.
"Renovating a kitchen can be very daunting. In the end, you want something you'll love just as much in 15 years as you did the day you moved in. To do that, you have to start with what feels timeless. Your appliances should feel forever and with the beauty of the LG Studio brand that's covered," said Berkus.
"This campaign is meant to address the rest of it, the details, the story, the moments that matter most in your home. That's why I'm excited about this kick off. It's a real-time conversation about what makes your home your own…and the answer to that is YOU, even in a space as hard-working as the kitchen," he said.
The LG Studio line provides an uncompromising approach to design and function, delivering an enriched cooking experience for today's home chefs. The full kitchen suite has been designed with seamless integration in mind, highlighting clean lines and a unique, modern feel that enhances every kitchen's decor.
From built-in mega-capacity refrigerator-freezers to cooking appliances and dishwashers, LG Studio's signature style includes premium stainless steel, distinctive door handles and knobs, LCD touch screen control panels, as well as radiant interior LED lighting – all helping to achieve a refined, sophisticated look.
"At LG we share Nate's passion for design that both inspires and empowers consumers," said David VanderWaal, head of marketing for LG Electronics USA. "This social media campaign is intended to engage with consumers and help tell the story about how LG Studio appliances blend best-in-class innovation with bold, sleek design to give homeowners a sophisticated kitchen that they're proud to own and show off."
For additional information on the premium suite of LG Studio appliances, please visit http://lgusa.com/LGStudio.
The LG Electronics "The Things that Matter" Sweepstakes is open to legal residents of the 48 contiguous United States and D.C., age 18 or older at the time of entry. Void in AK, HI, outside the U.S., in Puerto Rico, and wherever else prohibited by law. Sweepstakes begins at 12:00:01 PM ET on 6/05/14 and ends at 11:59:59 AM ET on 6/18/14. Click here for official rules. Sponsor: LG Electronics USA, Inc.
# # #
About LG Electronics USA
LG Electronics USA, Inc., based in Englewood Cliffs, N.J., is the North American subsidiary of LG Electronics, Inc., a $52 billion global force and technology leader in consumer electronics, home appliances and mobile communications. LG Electronics, a proud 2014 ENERGY STAR Partner of the Year, sells a range of stylish and innovative home entertainment products, mobile phones, home appliances, commercial displays, air conditioning systems and solar energy solutions in the United States, all under LG's "Life's Good" marketing theme. www.lg.com
About Nate Berkus
In 2002 Nate Berkus was invited to make over a small space for "The Oprah Winfrey Show," after which he became a featured design expert for the show and continued to garner national press in publications such as Elle Decor, House Beautiful, US Weekly, People, O Magazine, Lucky, and InStyle. Following the debut of his branded line of home products, Berkus's first book, Home Rules (Hyperion) was released in 2005 and went on to become a New York Times Bestseller. The Nate Berkus Show, a daily syndicated first run talk show hosted by Nate, launched in September 2010 and returned for a second season in the fall of 2011. In 2011, Berkus also enjoyed a new role as executive producer on the Disney and DreamWorks film, "The Help." 'His Chicago-based design firm, Nate Berkus Associates, which he founded in 1995, continues to design interiors across the country and around the world. In Fall 2012, Berkus brought his branded line of home goods and office products to Target stores nationwide. In addition, he published his second book, The Things That Matter (Spiegel & Grau). His fabric collection sold at Calico Corners launched in January 2013. Berkus came back to TV in Spring 2014 as host, judge and executive producer on a new primetime design competition show titled "American Dream Builders" on NBC. To learn more about Nate Berkus, please visit www.nateberkus.com.
Clara Chang
Katy Donnelly


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- Politics Patrol - http://blogs.app.com/politicspatrol -
Budweiser foal is named Hope
Posted By Bob Ingle On February 5, 2013 @ 6:19 pm In Uncategorized | Comments Disabled
The 3-week-old foal in the sentimental Budweiser Super Bowl commercial has a name now, thanks to more than 60,000 Tweets. She's Hope. Yep, she's a gal but she played a guy in the spot called "Brotherhood" about the bond between a trainer and his horse. Another Clydesdale born 36 hours earlier at the Anheuser-Busch facility in Missouri was named Stan in honor of St. Louis Cardinals great Stan "The Man" Musial, who died last month at age 92. Clydesdales, majestic giant horses, have been associated with Budweiser since 1933 when the company introduced them to celebrate the end of Prohibition. Hope, born Jan. 16, to Darla, now weights 300 pounds and will be about 2,000 when she is grown. To celebrate the success of the 60-second commercial, Budweiser has released a two-minute version. I can't get enough of this. Thank you Bud, for this one, and all the wonderful ads through the years. I raise my glass to you:
Comments Disabled To "Budweiser foal is named Hope"
#1 Comment By Rico the politicians On February 5, 2013 @ 9:26 pm
Best ever.
I heard AB is now owned by a belgium company.
Oh, well!
#2 Comment By Bob Ingle On February 5, 2013 @ 11:03 pm
It is indeed. Appropriate then their mascots would be Belgium Draft horses
#3 Comment By tapped out On February 6, 2013 @ 7:27 am
And thank you for the great music by Stevie Nicks
#4 Comment By Alex Hamilton On February 6, 2013 @ 12:34 pm
Pass me another tissue. I'm going to need a moment….
Article printed from Politics Patrol: http://blogs.app.com/politicspatrol
URL to article: http://blogs.app.com/politicspatrol/2013/02/05/25550/
Click here to print.
Copyright © 2008 Politics Patrol. All rights reserved.


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Résumé disponible en
Revendications disponible en
Description (Le texte OCR peut contenir des erreurs.)
Patented June 13, 1950 SOLUBLE SULFADIAZENE-ALKALI SALI- GYLATE COMPOSITIONS Fritz Meyer, Staten Island, and Carl Neuherg, New York, N. Y.; said Neuberg assignor to said Meyer No Drawing. Application March 16, 1946, Serial No. 655,016
2 Claims.
This invention relates to compounds of sulfadiazine and salts of salicylic acid and has particular relation to compounds of this type which can be dissolved in water and yield stable, aqueous solutions adapted to be administered by injection. The invention also relates to aqueous solutions of said compounds.
Sulfadiazine is a derivative of sulfanilic acid of the formula It forms white crystals, has a. melting point of 253-256 C. and its solubility amounts to 0.0123 gram in 100 cc. of water at 37 C. It has been used in the treatment of infections with all kinds of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and proved to be a highly effective therapeutic agent in combating such infections. One disadvantage of suli-adiazine consists in its low solubility in water. In order to obtain solutions of higher concentration, alkali must be present in the solution, and upon adjusting the solutions to the physiological pH, sulfadiazine is pre-- cipitated from such solutions.
The main object of the present invention is to provide new compounds of sulfadiazine which, upon being dissolved, form stable aqueous solutions of a physiologically applicable pH.
Another object of our present invention is to form compounds of the above mentioned type 2 of sodium salicylate are dissolved in hot water in the presence of sodium phosphate (NasPOalZ-HzO) and NaI-IzPOnHzO is added to the solution until the desired pH is obtained. The solution thus formed is evaporated under vacuum to obtain the compound in the form of a white powder. Instead of using sodium salicylate as a starting material, salicylic acid and NaOH may be used and the pH of this solution may be adjusted by the addition of I-IaPO4. Adjustment of the pH may also be efiected by the addition of other acids or acid compounds such as hydrochloric acid, lactic acid or the like.
Example 1.25.0 g. of sulfadiazine (1 6 mol), 32.0 g. of sodium salicylate mol) and 25-30 g. of Na3PO4.12HzO are dissolved in a sufficient amount, for example 3200 to 4000 g. of boiling water. The pH of the solution is adjusted to 7.5-8.2 by the addition of 5-6 g. of NaH2PO4.H2O, and the solution is then completely evaporated under vacuum. The white powder thus obtained is soluble in water of 35 C. A solution containing 1% of this complex compound is stable, may be sterilized by heat and remains clear at ordinary room temperature of 18-25 C.
Example 2.25.0 g. of sulfadiazine (1% mol), 27.6 g. of salicylic acid 6 mol), and 12.0 g. of NaOH are boiled with 2500 g. of water until a clear solution is formed. The pH of the solution is adjusted by the addition of the necessary amount of H3PO4, dissolved in water and the solution is then further treated as described in Example 1.
Example 3.-,.; mol of sulfadiazine, mol of sodium salicylate and 25 g. of Na3PO4..12I-I2O are heated in 3000 cc. of water until a clear solution is formed. In this solution one mol of ascorbic acid is dissolved and sufflcient H3PO4, dissolved in water, is added to obtain a pH of 7.7. This solution is evaporated in vacuo. The crystals are dried in vacuo at ordinary temperature.
It has been found that in the compounds according to the present invention the toxicity of the sulfadiazine is decreased and its efficiency, expressed by the therapeutic index, is increased. The aqueous solutions of our new compounds may be administered by injection or per os.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the specific steps and details described above and may be carried out with various modifications without departin from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. For example, instead of sodium salicylate, potassium salicylate, and instead of sodium phosphates, the corresponding potassium phosphates may be used. Instead of NasPOs, other suitable compounds such as sodium acetate may be used.
What is claimed is:
1. A water-soluble composition of sulfadiazine and alkali salicylate, said alkali salicylate being present in an amount of 2 mols for 1 mol of sulfadiazine.
2. An injectable aqueous solution containing the composition according to claim 1 in solution.
4 REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,230,875 Winnek Feb. 4, 1941 FOREIGN PATENTS 10 Number Country Date 490,350 Great Britain Aug. 12, 1938 114,821 Australia May 21, 1942 OTHER REFERENCES 15 Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. and Med., June 1943,
pages 142 to 145.
Citations de brevets
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Official Flight Simulator X Feedback Thread
View Single Post
Comfortably Numb
Join Date: Sep 2004
Posts: 752
Re: Flight Simulator X Feedback Thread
Wow thats strange looks as if its not forcing AF on the just plane models
what your seeing there is the full range of mipmaps,you can just about see the 2048 mip 0 right at the front and the very quick fade away from the camera,carenado's paints on this model dont have mips so if you want a non mip version of this paint as a temp fix just shout i can kick one up in a few mins
do you guys have ingame AF ticked? just wondering if that will force the driver to also use AF on the aircraft,im still on my 4870 atm i was going to jump to a inndo 260gtx x2 freeze this week but had some other expenses pop up that took my funnding away....might just wait till next gen now,ATI is a tad slower in FSX and i can only us x12AA (x4+ ed filter) without overloading the FB but i cant say ive ever seen any driver side rendering errors in FSX in all 10 months of owning the 4870,you'ed think that it being the market leader in it genre both companies would make an effort with there drivers but i guess its missing that #1 factor....a benchmark mode!
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Daily Caller's new 'Guns and Gear' section is a giant NRA ad
- 7 Photos
- (Photo: Wikipedia/ )
This morning the Daily Caller launched a new section, Guns and Gear, supposedly because millions of gun-owning Americans "are currently without the sort of daily news coverage that is allotted to most other American interests," publisher and CEO Neil Patel says in the announcement. "Most of the media would never consider publishing a guns and gear section because they are hopelessly out of touch with American values and interests," he adds. "This is a sad statement about the media. Its great news for The Daily Caller."
But Guns and Gear is not, for the most part, news from the Daily Caller. Of the 49 stories in the section, only six were written by staffers. The rest, with the exception of a post from The Unknown Soldiers blog, are by the National Rifle Association's Institute for Legislative Action or one of several NRA publications: American Hunter, American Rifleman, and Shooting Illustrated. Same goes for the ads, which, at least when I visited the section, were for NRA gear, an NRA TV show, NRA magazines, and a subscription e-newsletter by NRA chief lobbyist Chris Cox, whose article against the gun-ban lobby happens to lead the Guns and Gear section as I write this. (Oddly, the story currently atop the Caller's homepage, "The favorite guns of the Republicans running for president," does not appear anywhere in Guns and Gear.)
The way the Caller spins the section's launch, you'd think they were performing some of kind public service. We're feeding a nation that's starved for gun news! But instead, it seems they've created a low-overhead section that, so long as it keeps aggregating NRA content, is assured ad buys.
"We've had the section for 13 hours," Caller founder (and lifelong hunter) Tucker Carlson told me, when asked about the dearth of original content in the section. "The NRA produces a lot firearms-related content, so I imagine we'll always have a lot of content from them.... Ideally, all of the content on the site would be, and will be, staff written."
Guns and Gear is not, he assured me, a special advertising section. "It may be, right now from Northern Virginia, you're only getting NRA ads," he said. "If the question is, 'Is this sponsored in perpetuity by one organization?,' the answer is no. It's a news section that's populated by news content, and you can judge that yourself by reading it." He added, "I can think of a whole bunch of advertisers who will be advertising in the section."
And to those who might have political objections to a news site launching a gun section, Carlson has this to say: "Shit, the Huffington Post has a Transgender page. I don't begrudge their right — I'm not complaining about it — but why shouldn't every interest be represented?"
If nothing else, maybe this new section will help Emily Miller finally choose between these seven handguns, rather than letting Washington Times readers decide for her. That would be a public service indeed.
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iTunes Launches Facebook Fan Page, Offers 20 Free Songs
Wow. Apple's iTunes Store now has a Facebook Fan Page. During today's It's only rock and roll, but we like it special music event, Apple announced iTunes 9 and said it allowed users to share via Facebook. Apparently you can share some love for iTunes right back.
And if you do, you can get 20 free songs by indie artists. The process sounds hecka convoluted, but TUAW takes you through it admirably.
Let us know if you become a fan, and get your music!
Have something to say about this story? Leave a comment! Need help with something else? Ask in our forums!
Reader comments
iTunes Launches Facebook Fan Page, Offers 20 Free Songs
I just joined as a few last week, but haven't taken advantage of the free songs yet!
Kick Butt Apps
So... no free songs for long time iTunes users in other countries.
Thanks Apple :)
Yeah this fan page has been around for quite some time, especially the free song packs like "spring break", "indie", etc. However, I wish all the sharing was done inside iTunes not taking you out of iTunes to facebook.com. You would think with Apples tight FB integration in iPhoto it would be a little more seamless. Maybe we'll see that in the future.
OH! also, The sharing feature isn't on apps yet. I share a lot of apps with friends on FB and would like to see that come to the app store soon as well.
Ron likes to get the free tunes for kicking it with the hoodrats on set.
iTunes has taken over Facebook and even Twitter. With it's latest Last.fm integration and reviews shared to social networking profiles. I would like to see iTunes become a social network but I doubt that will materialise!


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|« Back to Article
Rose's 'Haight-Ashbury' captures the idealism of the '60s
By Deborah Martin : June 18, 2013
Photo By Chris Manley / Courtesy photoThe cast of the Rose Theatre Co.'s "Haight-Ashbury" includes (from left) Sawyer Manley, Aaron Maddox, Luchina Fletcher, Rocky Bronco and Jessie Rose.
More Information
Art Beat fine arts blog
Rose Theatre Company
The Rose Theatre Company crew is revisiting "Haight-Ashbury," Chris Manley's flashback to the Summer of Love.
The show's driving force is the music. A trio of gifted vocalists — Jessie Rose, Jordan Hogan and Rocky Bronco — sing a slew of '60s hits, including "California Dreamin'," "Somebody to Love," "For What It's Worth," "Leaving on a Jet Plane" and "Blowin' in the Wind."
Manley also weaves in some sketches done by the Diggers, a guerilla theater troupe.
There's also a hint of a narrative thread: A teen (Hogan) talks about how she ended up in San Francisco and how she was taken in by a couple (Aaron Maddox and Luchina Fletcher) who were involved with the Diggers.
The show captures the passion and idealism of the time.
It would be a stronger show if the teen had one more monologue wrapping up her story. The show includes the end of her friends' romance, but, since she's the only character who addresses the audience, it would be nice to hear what her next move was once the summer ended.
There is a video element, too, with trippy cartoons and some news footage of the crowds that gathered in San Francisco. That's projected onto a wall beside the stage. It's a nice element, but it would work better if it could be integrated more fully into the set, rather than off to the side, where it sometimes pulls focus.
"Haight-Ashbury" can be seen at 8 p.m. Fridays and Saturdays through June 29 at the Rose Theatre Company, 11838 Wurzbach. Tickets range from $12 to $15. Call 210-360-0004 for reservations.
Twitter: @DeborahMartinEN


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NEWS: Screen damage or Out of Warranty Repair Learn More
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Battery, Standby ?9 Hours*
Amount of time available in Sleep mode in which a phone's display is inactive to save power, but not totally shut down. Smartphone Battery Life Time Test ProceduresBattery, Talk Time ?216 Minutes*
Battery power consumption depends on factors such as network configuration, signal strength, operating temperature, features selected, vibrate mode, backlight settings, browser use, frequency of calls and voice, data and other application usage patterns. Smartphone Battery Life Time Test ProceduresBattery Type and Size 1500mAhNetwork
Frequencies and Data Type 3G and 4G LTE Data Capability
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- How do I Upgrade the Firmware for my device using Kies 3?
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Gear Question
s wong
does the monitor watch give an audible...
does the monitor watch give an audible alarm when I am out of my heart rate zone?
Jason H.
Yes and no, If you are over the maximum that you have set then yes it will sound an alarm, but sadly if you drop below your training zone it will not give an alarm.
View More Details on Polar FT7 Heart Rate Monitor


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With each scrape of the Florida Panhandle soil by an excavator's metal claw, anthropologists are moving a step closer to unraveling a century of mystery over the fates of missing boys from an infamous reform school.
Some of those sent to the Arthur G. Dozier School for Boys as "incorrigible" never returned. Those who survived have described decades of beatings, rapes — and possible murders — at the school in Marianna, Fla., from 1900 until it was shut down in 2011.


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Questions about the
Decatur area?
Call Kerry Lucasse and the Nest Atlanta real estate team day or night!
Oakhurst Decatur Real Estate
Welcome to the Oakhurst Real Estate website! Here you will find ALL of the homes currently for sale, the inside scoop on new listings and information about life in this popular (and VERY charming) Decatur neighborhood.
Oakhurst Homes for Sale
To follow are ALL the homes for sale in the Georgia MLS....
Search ALL the homes for sale in Oakhurst Decatur
New Listings
Townhomes & Condos in Oakhurst
Foreclosure & REO homes for sale in Oakhurst
ALL the new or newer Craftsman homes for sale
What's so unique about Oakhurst?
Formerly one of Decatur's best-kept secrets, Oakhurst's active neighborhood association now brings in thousands of neighboring residents each year for the many festivals and events, such as the Jazz Nights at Scottish Rite, a Wine Tasting Festival, and the annual Oakhurst Arts Festival. The hub of Oakhurst is called "Oakhurst Village," which showcases some of the finest in local restaurants and shops in Intown Atlanta. Other amenities that simply add to the "neighborhood" package include the Oakhurst Dog Park, McKoy park, Oakhurst Community Garden, as well as the historic Scottish Rite Hospital.
Search for Decatur homes
OAKHURST Architecture
The home styles in Oakhurst range from Craftsman bungalows to the "four-square" homes of the early 1900s, many designed by Lila Ross Wilburn, an architect and graduate of Agnes Scott College. Over the last 10 years, architect Arlene Dean has been creating some gorgeous mid-century modern four-square, bungalow and Prairie-style homes throughout Oakhurst.
oakhurst home sales
The demand for homes in Oakhurst remains strong and as of July, 2014, the average sales price was up over $70,000 from the same time last year... and a staggering $168,000 from 2Q 2008! See how Oakhurst fared recently, with our monthly and quarterly Oakhurst Real Estate Market Reports.
If you are looking for a solid real estate investment, Oakhurst should be at the top of your list. Decatur property values are always quite stable (even in this real estate market!), as people gravitate to the small-town atmosphere, parks, restaurants, and some of the finest elementary schools you'll find in Metro Atlanta.
Buying & Selling a Home in Oakhurst
After living in Oakhurst Decatur for more than 6 years, we can tell you this is a FANTATSTIC place to live. Wonderful neighborhood association, restaurants, parks, and of course, people!
If you are thinking of moving to the Decatur area or if you have to sell your current home, Kerry Lucasse and her team are here to help. We strive to provide unparalleled service to our clients. As a matter of fact, we want you to be so satisfied with your experience, you will RAVE about it to everyone you know! Our personal attention at every stage of the buying or selling process has created a very long list of happy and satisfied clients.
.... and don't forget to ask us about our new "Fair & Flexible" Listing Commission plan! It is sure to save you thousands.
Kerry Lucasse :: Nest Atlanta at eXp Realty :: 404.432.1844
** Your Oakhurst Decatur Real Estate Agents **


text: No recent wiki edits to this page. OverviewPitfall 3D: Beyond the Jungle (Known simply as Pitfall 3D in Japan, and Pitfall: Beyond the Jungle in Europe) was developed by Luxoflux and published by Activision for the PlayStation platform. The game was the first attempt at bringing the classic 2D franchise into the age of 3D-gaming, and was received reasonably warmly by fans and critics, but could not emulate the success of its forebears. As the title suggests, the game does not take place in a traditional jungle, but in a whole other world. Despite a new setting, the title retains many of the franchise's hallmarks, from vine-swinging to rolling logs.PlotThe game features the son of Pitfall Harry, Pitfall Harry Jr, on a quest for treasure and adventure. At the outset of the game, Harry Jr. is transported to another world, and encounters a malevolent force known only as 'The Scourge', intent on turning the world dark and evil. Together with his new companion Mira, Harry Jr. sets out to defeat this new enemy, and grab as much treasure as he can along the way.TriviaThe voice-acting in the game is particularly noteworthy, with Bruce Campbell of Evil Dead fame lending his voice to the role of Pitfall Harry Jr, and Catherine Sutherland (best known as the Pink Ranger from Mighty Morphin Power Rangers) as the voice of the new female character Mira.The original Atari 2600 game Pitfall! is fully playable as a secret Easter Egg.There is also a version of the game released for the Game Boy Colour which dropped the "3D" from the title called: Pitfall: Beyond the Jungle.


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Recipe Box
Your space for searching and sharing your best dishes.
Posts by Author
McCormick forecasts 2013 flavors
McCormick is known to be a global leader in flavor. For the last 13 years McCormick has identified the new and trending flavors for the upcoming years. The Flavor Forecast is known to popularize unfamiliar ingredients. McCormick's flavor forecast consists of the five identified trends that the company believes will create new sensations and innovations […] [Read More]


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Current Highlights on Broadway
Find a show or venue
Order by phone
Your independent guide to the best shows in New York
New York City Center, 131 West 55th Street, New York, NY 10019
Other Concert Venues in New York
Ended 28 Jul 2012 after 9 days
Cate Blanchett leads a stellar cast in this classic Chekov play.,
Please note that casting is subject to change.
Please note: The term New York City Center Mainstage and/or Uncle Vanya as well as all associated graphics, logos, and/or other tradermarks, tradenames or copyrights are the property of the New York City Center Mainstage and/or Uncle Vanya and are used herein for factual descriptive purposes only. We are in no way associated with or authorized by the New York City Center Mainstage and/or Uncle Vanya and neither that entity nor any of its affiliates have licensed or endorsed us to sell tickets, goods and or services in conjunction with their events.


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- Age / Gender:
- 22, Male
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- Hyrule
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- 1/11/10
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i love 2 play video games like mario bros,sonic the hedgehog,kirby, lgend of zelda metroid super smash bros Touhou and a lot more! i also like to play other peoples on SMASH BROS BRAWL so please send me ur friend code and wii code. http://www.youtube.c om
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i photoshoped in all the blood =D
Recent Game Medals
Run Abobo, Run! 5 Points 01 - Execute a dash move (shoulder block or jump kick) Medal Stats.
Abundance of ammunition 10 Points 50 Kills with a Single Glock 18 Medal Stats.
Fire and shrapnel; this is my love 10 Points 100 Kills with the Spike Grenade Launcher Medal Stats.
Shove it up their nose and pull the trigger! 10 Points 50 Kills with a Single Lever Shotgun Medal Stats.
Beligerantly understated 10 Points 50 Kills with a Single Beretta Medal Stats.
Fish Food 5 Points 02 - Get eaten by a robo-fish Medal Stats.
Call A Plumber 5 Points 02 - Escape the Mario pipe Medal Stats.
Forklift Foul 25 Points 01 - Defeat boss Medal Stats.
Rocky Rage 10 Points 01 - Use Rage move on level 1 Medal Stats.
Beardy Basher 10 Points 01 - Defeat Beardy Barrel Medal Stats.
Total Medals Earned: 117 (From 25 different games.)
Favorite Audio
|Sois Side Soldier v2
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|1 Project - 6 Trackz[De4dl0ck]
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Favorite Art
Favorite Movies
Portal Turret AMV Rated 4.4919 Stars Portal Turret Animated Music Video - Portals and a Penguin Action Madness E Collab: 4 Rated 4.2180 Stars Madnesss Day 2014 Official Collab Action FAKE Rated 4.4424 Stars Truth of Hero drama track Animated! Drama Incident:1000A Rated 4.4918 Stars Incident:1000A Action
Favorite Games
Abobo's Big Adventure Rated 4.4274 Stars The Ultimate Tribute to the NES! Play as the angriest 8-bit character in the universe! Action - Other Super Mario BP Oil Spill Rated 4.0845 Stars BP has set up shop in Mario Land and a new oil leak has started to kill all the fish! Action - Platformer - Other Saturday Night Bloodfest Rated 4.1871 Stars Buckets of blood and fabulous prizes await! Action - Shooter - Fixed Miami Shark Rated 4.4424 Stars SHARK OF MASS DESTRUUUUUUUUCTION!!!!! Action - Other


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Nissan 'Bolt Gold' GT-R raises 193,191 USD
Special Bolt GT-R in the works
Nissan managed to raise a total of 193,191 USD after the online charity auction organized on eBay from November 22 to December 4.
The money came from selling the "Bolt Gold" Nissan GT-R and related autographed accessories. All the funds obtained will be donated to the Usain Bolt Foundation for "creating educational and cultural opportunities for children and young people" in Jamaica.
The car itself was sold for 187,100 US to an Australian bidder while an additional 6,091 USD were obtained from selling nine items of Bolt merchandise, including racing helmets, driving suits and boots.
Nissan previously mentioned they plan on developing a special GT-R Bolt Edition that will be sold globally.
- Nissan raises a total of $US 193,191 from the sale of unique "Bolt Gold" GT-R and autographed accessories during online charity auction
- All proceeds from the charity auction will go to the Usain Bolt Foundation to assist children in Jamaica
YOKOHAMA, Japan - (December 14, 2012) - Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. raised a total of $US 193,191 from the 'Bolt Gold' Nissan GT-R and Bolt Merchandise online charity auction held on eBay from November 22 to December 4, 2012. All proceeds from the auction will be donated to the Usain Bolt Foundation to help with its mission of creating educational and cultural opportunities for children and young people in Usain Bolt's home country of Jamaica.
Competition for the one-off 'Bolt Gold' Nissan GT-R was fierce, with offers stemming from around the globe during the ten-day auction, culminating in a winning bid of $US 187,100.
More than 100 people also competed for nine items of Bolt merchandise on the auction block, including racing helmets, special driving suits and boots, which brought in a total of $US 6,091.
"In doing good with this donation to the Usain Bolt Foundation, Nissan will help children in Jamaica do better as they strive to realize their dreams for the future," commented Nissan's Chief Operating Officer, Toshiyuki Shiga.
In October 2012, Usain Bolt was appointed Nissan's honorary "Director of Excitement" as a brand spokesman for the company's new "WHAT IF_" global brand campaign.
Commenting on the donation from Nissan, Usain Bolt said, "My partnership with Nissan greatly benefits the work of my Foundation. This donation will help many kids get access to better facilities, play areas and educational materials in Jamaica. I am delighted to be working with Nissan to do this."
The new owner of the "Bolt Gold" Nissan GT-R from Australia said, "The Nissan GT-R just gets better and better and more refined each year, and the fact that this gold GT-R also celebrates the incredible achievements of the great Usain Bolt makes it something very special indeed."


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Press Releases
Carroll Community College Announces Auditions for Much Ado About Nothing
Release Date: 2/1/2012
CONTACT: Sylvia Blair
Executive Assistant to the President
Carroll Community College
Carroll Community College Announces Auditions for Much Ado About Nothing
Westminster, MD., Carroll Community College Theatre Department extends an invitation to the community to audition for Shakespeare's Much Ado About Nothing. Auditions will be held Feb. 9 from 5:30 p.m. to 8:30 p.m. and Feb. 10 from 2:30 p.m. to 5 p.m. at the college in room P520. No appointment is necessary. Those auditioning may bring a prepared Shakespeare piece or may read from the play.
For more information about auditions, call Bill Gillett at 410-386-8564 or e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com.
Note to Media: Call Sylvia Blair at 410-386-8411 for best response to inquiries.


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Research Assistant
There are currently no positions available. Keep checking back as we occasionally have openings.
Post Doc
We are looking for a postdoc for our project focused on the transition from oncology care to family physician care during cancer survivorship. This project is funded by the Alberta Cancer Prevention Legacy Fund, and this postdoc will be helping with several scoping/systematic reviews as well as participating in the regular team meetings of this large and productive team.
This project is an excellent opportunity to marry the goals of cancer survivorship and prevention to help create an effective intervention to be delivered in the primary care setting.
Here is the link:
In Alberta, survivorship care is increasingly becoming the responsibility of the family physicians who are expected to handle ongoing follow-up. This differs somewhat from the USA where it is more mixed.
We will be focusing on cancer survivorship from the chronic disease model and specifically on (1) what self-management support survivors may benefit from when offered through primary care networks; (2) what decision support family physicians may need to aid them and improve effectiveness in delivering survivorship care, and (3) what care coordination should look like in the context of primary care follow-up and surveillance. We will also touch on risk stratification, to help primary care networks to provide more effective services to higher risk groups.
This work will dovetail with a clinical engagement process of 5 primary care networks, including a Métis network, to discover their needs. There will also be a patient engagement process. It will lead to the piloting of an intervention delivered within the primary care networks and we want the pilot project to provide evidence potentially leading to a clinical trial.
We hope this sounds interesting and that you may know of someone looking for a postdoc to start this fall.
Please see the posting!


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Gloucester city boss Mehew challenges cameo man Davies to deliver
Posted: February 08, 2013|
STEVE Davies has been told to seize his chance by Gloucester City boss Dave Mehew after his goalscoring cameo against Brackley Town on Tuesday night.
The Welsh winger has endured a stop-start season due to injury and indifferent form, despite being the Tigers' match-winner on more than one occasion.
But with winger Bagasan Graham departing the Tigers after a two-month loan spell from Cheltenham Town, Mehew is set to hand Davies a home start against Bradford Park Avenue tomorrow (3pm).
"Now it's time for Steve to really kick on and make that place his over the next few games," Mehew said.
"I left Bagasan out at Brackley on Tuesday night as I changed the system that we played, to go with three centre-halves.
"He's been a bit of an enigma during his time with us and I feel he's never really got out of second gear, despite starting our great run with a terrific goal at Vauxhall in his first game.
"We were probably going to send him back after the Bradford game anyway because I feel I have got options elsewhere in the side.
"And having come off the bench and got a crucial goal against Brackley, now it's time for Steve to ask himself if he just wants to be an impact player for us.
"He's been terrific at times for us and got some crucial goals this season, but he's never tied down that spot in the side and now he's going to get his chance."
Having tinkered with the team in recent games, Mehew will leave it late before picking a starting line-up to take on mid-table Bradford.
He played Matt Coupe, Chris Holland and Tom Hamblin as a three-man central defensive line on Tuesday and moved Jack Harris into midfield. With striker Will Morford available again after work commitments in Sweden with Cirencester College, Mehew admits that he's got plenty to ponder.
"We didn't play as well at Brackley as we had done when we lost at Altrincham on the Saturday, but we dug out a result which was pleasing," Mehew said.
"We did a job on them and the three centre-halves were excellent, as was Jack Harris in midfield and Adam Mann playing just off the front man.
"All of them deserve to start again on Saturday after doing their jobs so well, but I will have a good long think and pick the side that I think will win the game.
"But the great thing is that I've got competition in the squad now with players who can all do a job when they're called upon.
"I've got Sam Rawlings playing so well that he's keeping Mike Green out of the side at right-back and I want that kind of competition all over the park.
"But with the amount of games we've got coming up over the next few months, we'll need to use our squad to the full."


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STTG Market Recap April 9, 2014
Dovish commentary in the Federal Reserve minutes encouraged buyers to show up in droves as worries that the Fed might tighten in early 2015 were pushed off the table. The S&P 500 jumped 1.09% and the NASDAQ 1.72%. We are seeing an increase in day to day volatility and random movement based on headlines so it remains a time to be cautious until we settle into a new pattern.
The members of the Federal Open Market Committee agreed unanimously in March that a 6.5 percent unemployment target for raising interest rates was "outdated" and should be removed, according to meeting minutes. Previously, the Fed had indicated that a drop in the unemployment rate could trigger the beginning of rate increases, provided it accompanied a 2.5 percent inflation rate. But with the jobless number nearing the target and inflation well short, the Fed decided to change gears. Overall, the minutes portray a committee set on keeping interest rates low for the foreseeable future, despite some market rumblings after the meeting.
Here are the longer term charts for the indexes – let's watch this NASDAQ chart in particular as we have had a change in pattern for the first time in a year and a half.
Today was a second day a lot of beaten down stocks bounced – see for example Celgene (CELG) in the biotech space, and Facebook (FB).
Meanwhile conservative stocks such as Kellogg (K) continue to do well.
Oil stocks have held up well of late as well as we noted the past 2 weeks; see oil giant Conoco (COP).


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Jan. 5, 2008
SAN FRANCISCO, Calif. -- Sophomore forward Adam May (Mentor, Ohio) scored 12 points, including nine points in overtime, to lead the Holy Cross men's basketball team to a 67-63 victory over San Francisco at War Memorial Gymnasium. The Crusaders improve to 9-3 on the year with the win, while the Dons fall to 4-11 overall with the loss.
After the score was tied at 4-4 four minutes into the game, Holy Cross went on a 7-0 run to take an 11-4 lead. A few minutes later, the Crusaders used an 8-1 spurt to build their lead up to double figures, 22-10 with 7:30 left before the break. Holy Cross would eventually increase its lead to 17 points (31-14), before taking a 33-18 advantage into the locker room.
San Francisco chipped away at the Holy Cross lead throughout the early parts of the second half, but the Crusaders were still up by six (55-49) with less then two minutes to play. But Manny Quezada hit a pair of three-pointers down the stretch to tie the score at 55-55 and force overtime.
In overtime, the Dons scored the first six points to take a 61-55 lead. But Holy Cross would not going away, scoring eight straight points to claim a 63-61 lead. May scored five of those points, hitting a pair of free throws and a three-pointer to put the Crusaders in front. After San Francisco tied up the score at 63-63, May hit a jump shot to put Holy Cross in the lead for good. May then stole the ball and converted a fast break layup for the final points of the day.
Senior center Tim Clifford (Walpole, Mass.) recorded 17 points and five rebounds for the Crusaders, while junior guard Pat Doherty (Scranton, Pa.) added 16 points and four boards. San Francisco was led by Dior Lowhorn with 24 points and nine rebounds.
Holy Cross returns to action on Tuesday, January 8, when it travels to Maryland for an 8:00 p.m. game. The contest will be shown live on Comcast SportsNet Mid-Atlantic, and will also be televised tape delay on the New England Sports Network at 10:30 p.m.