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Stirrings in Araby:
Tribal Feuds and World Politics
The unrest and instability provoked by the disintegration of centuries-old social and religious conceptions in Syria, Egypt, and other Moslem states with a window on the West are spreading like a plague to even the remotest corners of Arabia. There is now social ferment in the Saudi kingdom, in Yemen, Kuwait, and Aden, with the usual repercussions on local big-power interests. Saudi forces and British-controlled native levies have fought two pitched battles recently for the oasis of Buraimi. Other British forces, including regular units of the army and Royal Air Force, have been in action around Aden and in the Hadhramaut. Even unexplored Oman has edged its way onto the international agenda.
When, on November 23, 1955, the Arab League secretariat in Cairo received its first official call from a senior Soviet diplomat—the then ambassador Daniel Solod, now head of the Near Eastern section of the Soviet Foreign Ministry—the subjects most keenly discussed were neither the ludicrous Baghdad Pact nor even Arab-Israeli relations, but Britain's wrangles with the Arabs over Buraimi, the Aden Protectorate, and Oman. (The Arab League secretariat later placed at the disposal of the Soviet embassy in Cairo important extracts from its archives dealing with these problems.) And when Sir Anthony Eden visited President Eisenhower at the end of January, Buraimi and Oman were again overlooked.
The complex feuds and inter-tribal tensions of Arabia multiply as one moves southwards down the great peninsula—until, south of the Tropic, they reach an intensity bordering on self-caricature. In Britain's Aden Protectorate until only a few years ago, half a dozen tribal and sub-tribal alliances were permanently at war with one another, over issues long since forgotten, and every other village had a feud with its nearest neighbor. Cultivators spent much of their leisure burning each other's crops and maiming each other's livestock, and frequently had to crawl along trenches and gullies to get to their fields.
In Yemen, the present Head of State, the Imam Seif el-Islam ("Sword of Islam") Ahmed, gave tribesmen a free hand to loot his capital, Sanaa, following his father's assassination in 1948, and plucked up courage to reside there himself only last year. Also last year, after being rescued by a tribal uprising while besieged in his harem, he ordered the decapitation of his brother Seif el-Islam Abdullah and the incarceration of three other brothers.
The British administration at Aden-backed, very forcefully at times, by the Royal Air Force—has devoted a major part of its energies over the last two decades to stamping out feuding and inter-tribal conflict. Veteran Political Officer Harold Ingrams was obliged to collect, by cajolery and threats, more than a thousand sheikhly signatures, hieroglyphs, and thumbprints on one truce agreement alone before it could become fully effective. The construction of a major oil refinery at Aden, after the loss of Abadan, absorbed a sizable proportion of unproductive local manpower, and the relatively high wages now being paid there are convincing thousands of former tribesmen that regular employment can be more profitable than, in Gertrude Bell's words, stealing each other's washing.
In independent Yemen, on the other hand, there is no paternalistic benevolent despotism to wean the population from its medieval pastimes: there is simply despotism tout court, mitigated occasionally by assassination. The shifting coalitions of fratricidal plotters perpetually swirling around the throne are all too eager to exploit vendettas and inter-tribal friction whenever possible.
But both in the Aden Protectorate and in Yemen old feuds and antagonisms are beginning to be superseded by new alignments with a distinctive socio-political tinge. The running is being made increasingly by urban "Free Yemen" and "Free Aden" groups based on Cairo, Aden, and Mukalla, and composed largely of merchants and young men who have acquired a taste for the 20th century.
An extraordinarily high percentage of the coastal merchants of this corner of Arabia, living at the halfway house between Western Europe and the Far East, have been at least once to Liverpool, Marseilles, Genoa, or Singapore, and many have spent several years overseas; and a similar leavening of educated youths, including merchants' sons and the scions of aristocratic and sheikhly families, have been to school in Cairo, Alexandria, and Beirut. Merchants and students alike have brought back with them from the "West" not only an eye for automobiles and pin-up girls, but a vocabulary studded with magic words like "development" and "reform" and an appetite for representative institutions.
Significantly, even the Imam of Yemen has taken recently to speaking in something approaching a modern idiom. Shaken, no doubt, by his father's assassination in 1948 and his own narrow escape this year, disturbed by the response within his kingdom to "Free Yemen" propaganda seeping in from Yemenite exiles in Aden, and spurred by stories of the showers of gold now raining upon the rulers of Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, he has granted an oil concession to a German firm, given other German enterprises contracts for the construction of a cement works, a tannery, and a textile mill, and sent his eldest son, the Emir Badr, to Cairo to recruit a token number of highway engineers and teachers and offer a royal pardon to educated "Free Yemenites" willing to return and lend a hand in modernizing the country.
But such modernization as is envisaged in courtly circles is outward and technical only—and more likely to heighten social tensions than appease them. Returning emigrés will have their pardons revoked if they indulge in political activity. Essentially, Yemen (population between four and six millions) remains a one-man show; and it is not now likely, with the prospect of oil royalties before him, that its ruler will voluntarily relinquish his monopoly of power.
The Imam, as head of the Zaidi sect of Islam, exercises both temporal and spiritual authority and controls personally every department of state, from the treasury (several crates of gold sovereigns and Maria Theresa dollars hidden in caves in the hills) to his administration's store cupboards. The man who runs Yemen's sporadic radio service—the transmitter was the gift of an American diplomatic mission in 1945—told me that even his orders for stationery had to be approved by the Imam.
Aside from the radio, the usual means of communication and transportation in Yemen are still two- and four-legged. The Head of State maintains contact with his district governors and barefooted military units (total strength between 18,000 and 21,000) by means of runners who carry a scroll in a special sheath on their dagger-belt. Justice and taxation are arbitrary, and the army and royal bodyguard recently came to blows to decide which of them should have the privilege of collecting taxes. Bedouin tribes are required to leave a quota of their male members in mountaintop prisons to answer for their behavior: the hostages—many of them small boys—are relieved periodically in relays, but they are badly neglected and liable at a moment's notice to torture or execution should their tribes displease the Imam. An urban family's tax assessment may depend on whether it has contributed a presentable daughter to the royal harem. An educated Palestine Arab friend of mine who occupied an administrative post in Sanaa for several years claims to have saved his three sisters from the harem only by pretending they were his wives.
The port of Aden and eighty tawny, torrid square miles around it (total population 110,000) are administered by officials of the British Colonial Service as a Crown Colony. In the adjoining Aden Protectorate (112,000 square miles; population about 800,000) British control is indirect. Authority is divided among more than fifty largely autonomous sultans, sheikhs, and one emir, who rule on feudal or tribal lines and assert their sovereignty to the extent of imposing duties on goods passing through their areas. These internal tariffs and the vested interest of several local rulers in camel-breeding are a hindrance to overland trade and the development of road transport. Some camel-breeding sheikhs have ordered their men to attack freight-carrying trucks on sight, and refused them passage even during the great Hadhrami famines of 1943 and 1948-49 (fortunately the RAF was on hand to parachute supplies into the afflicted areas).
In hopes of unshackling internal trade and communications and inaugurating a trend towards administrative unification and modernization, the British authorities have for several months now been attempting to persuade the emir, sultans, and sheikhs of the Protectorate to federate their territories. Most of the major princelings have agreed in principle, but the initiative has aroused considerable opposition and undoubtedly helped touch off the present disorders. The camel-breeding sheikhs are naturally opposed to anything that will facilitate the encroachment of wheeled transport onto their domains; others have found that their authority over their subjects wilts as blood feuds die down and modern ideas seep in, and regard federation as the thin end of a wedge that may destroy what remains of their privileges; still others fear for the substantial incomes their local tariffs earn, though the British authorities have promised to compensate them for this loss.
A major drawback is that federation would run counter to Arab tradition. Perpetual sheikhly rivalries and inter-tribal conflict over grazing rights, spheres of influence, rights of way, and the right to tribute from lesser tribes, travelers, and cultivators are (for obvious economic reasons) an integral part of desert mores. Almost every Adenese and Hadhrami sultan and sheikh has claims on or grievances against neighboring chieftains, and only respect for the RAF has restrained the most ambitious of them from embarking on campaigns of conquest and aggrandizement in emulation of Ibn Saud. Acceptance of federation would mean voluntary renunciation of all such claims and ambitions—a self-imposed humiliation dangerous in a land where the size of a ruler's following fluctuates with his prestige and éclat.
It is possible that the Imam of Yemen sees himself as a potential Ibn Saud: reviving a long-standing frontier dispute with the Aden authorities, he has laid claim to a substantial stretch of Protectorate territory and, fortified with assurances of Arab League and Soviet sympathy, protested against the British federation project as an infringement of his own interests in the area and a violation of the rights of its inhabitants. A partial explanation may be that, like many another Arab ruler before him, he has realized the value of anti-British heroics as an inexpensive means of diverting the attention and energies of his personal enemies and currying favor with nationalistic elements. The "Free Yemen" movement has for some time included in its program the annexation of the whole of Aden—Colony and Protectorate.
The native Adenese and Hadhrami reformist groups ought, logically, to support the British federation project as a progressive move; but the young men in their ranks—the majority—are becoming infected with the prevailing Near Eastern nationalist virus. Influenced by the Cairo radio, and resentful despite (and possibly, subconsciously, because of) its present prosperity that Aden should be the one part of the Arabic-speaking world in which outright colonial rule survives, they are inclined to suspect everything British, including reforms.
To date, nationalism has only one achievement to its credit in the Aden Protectorate—an ugly riot in the port of Mukalla; but it is encountered in other areas either as a secondary factor underlying revolt or, in accordance with precedent in other parts of the Near East, as camouflage for vested interests. Some of the rebel tribesmen have been incited by agents of the Imam Ahmed, others by sheikhly opponents of federation. Like the Imam, the latter naturally prefer to pose, in the eyes of the impressionable, as champions of "national freedom" rather than of princely privilege; and assisted by the Cairo radio, which is working hard to fan flames of nationalism from every incidental spark, they will probably succeed in the short run in diverting reformist energies into the blind alley of nationalist agitation.
The Sultanate of Oman (population between 500,000 and 700,000), due east of British-protected Hadhramaut, is America's oldest Arab friend. A treaty of amity and commerce between the two countries was signed in 1833. So little trade did it stimulate, however, that the United States consulate in Muscat, the capital (population 3,500), was closed down in 1915 after its bored incumbent had complained to the State Department that only two American ships had called there in sixty years. "It is respectfully submitted," he wrote, "that two years of practically enforced idleness is not good training for one beginning a consular career."
Fortunately for Anglo-American relations, the treaty contains no military provisions, for as this is written the Arab League secretariat is wondering with bated breath how best to exploit a complaint from the "King" of Oman to the effect that his territory has been "invaded at three points by British troops, several villages having been occupied by force." There was gay talk in Cairo of submitting the "dispute" to the UN.
After the Saudi kingdom, Oman is the largest political entity in Arabia, occupying about 900 miles of coastline. But despite its size and long-established independence, it is a member of neither the UN nor the Arab League—though its "King" has now requested admission to the latter body—and maintains even less diplomatic contact with the outside world than Yemen. The only representative of a non-Asiatic power permanently resident in Oman is the British Political Agent who lives in the fortress-like British consulate at Muscat. Semi-officially (the precise formula has never been worked out), he is also one of the principal advisers of the Head of State; and his advice is usually taken, since a British subsidy is necessary to keep Oman's finances afloat.
How comes it, then, that this suckling of the British lion is on the point of becoming an Arab League gladiator? The answer is that the Head of State who enjoys the advice of the British Political Agent in Muscat is not the effective ruler of the greater part of the country. The authority of Sultan Sir Sayyed Said ibn Taimur—a pleasant, soft-spoken, unassuming, and rather shy little man—normally extends only along the coastal plain, where the population is mainly Indian, Iranian, and Negro. The Arabs of the interior have for several decades given their allegiance to a succession of rebel Imams whose residence is generally at Naswa, in the hills southwest of Muscat; and in conformity with the dichotomous pattern of Arab politics, the Imams' authority has occasionally been challenged in turn by ambitious sheikhs of the undemarcated desert borderland between Oman and Saudi Arabia.
The present Imam, Ghaleb ibn Ali, who has taken the title "King of Oman," has had trouble with chieftains who, attracted by the lavish subsidies the oil-rich Saudi kingdom pays its sheikhs, are tempted to proclaim their allegiance to King Saud. At the same time sheikhly circles are buzzing with rumors that two American firms—Cities Service and Richfield Oil, both newcomers to the Near Eastern petroleum industry- have evidence of the existence of vast oil deposits in Dhofar province, at the southernmost tip of Oman. These firms hold a concession from the Sultan at Muscat, and if oil is struck it is to the Sultan that they will pay their royalties—whereupon the Imam's following would melt away overnight. Hence the Imam's patent haste to rally regional as well as local support, and obtain some sort of recognition from the Arab League, as a preliminary to asserting or at least claiming de facto sovereignty over an area extending as far southwards as may be necessary to force the American companies to come to terms with him. In return for Saudi support (which has included arms and money) the Imam Ghaleb has agreed to recognize Saudi sovereignty over the oasis of Buraimi.
To kill all these birds, what better missile than Anglophobia? This particular Anglophobe, however, appears to have overshot his target. British petroleum interests are eager to open up the interior of Oman for prospecting and, if oil is found in commercial quantities at Buraimi (of which more later), to build a road and perhaps a pipeline from there to the coast north of Muscat. But first, real rather than, as hitherto, merely theoretical political unity—and law and order-must be established in the name of the ruler recognized by Britain. Accordingly troops loyal to the Sultan of Muscat have been given modern arms and dispatched inland to "neutralize" the Imam. They appear to have been outstandingly successful. On December 20, 1955, Arab League headquarters in Cairo announced that "British forces" had "occupied Naswa, capital of the kingdom of Oman, and forced the king and his family to flee."
In l954, the rulers of Saudi Arabia and Kuwait received, respectively, 260 and 217 million dollars in oil royalties. In disposing of these vast fortunes they were accountable only to themselves. Yet for all their millions, King Saud and Sheikh Sir Abdullah Salim es-Subah are less fortunate than many relatively humble Arab rulers and leaders: they possess no "nationalist" shock-absorber with which to bear the brunt of social discontent; they must face their subjects unfortified by foreign bogies; they are all too obviously sovereign and independent, masters in their respective houses, and must brave the abyss now opening ahead of them unaided and alone.
King Saud has bravely tried to improvise. He has proclaimed his conviction that ten million Arab lives should, if necessary, be sacrificed in eradicating Israel. He has accused "the British" of massacre, pillage, and other barbaric behavior in the disputed oasis of Buraimi, on the northwestern border of Oman. He has ostentatiously expelled his father's shrewd British adviser, seventy-year-old St.-John Philby. In the course of the first press conference of his reign, at Jedda in mid-July 1955, he expressed the hope that Southern Arabia would soon be liberated from the British. Yet more and more of his subjects are confiding in one another, and in foreigners they meet, their hope that Arabia will soon be liberated from the locustlike Saudi family.
The late King Abdul-Aziz ibn Saud, founder of the present Saudi state, sought to consolidate his kingdom by taking a wife from every important tribe. Today his male descendants alone number rather more than three hundred. Every one of them is a direct charge on the state budget—the older princes, for whom senior government posts are reserved, receiving $360,000 a year plus the upkeep of their palaces and special allowances when they visit other countries. Prudent members of the royal family salt away a good deal of wealth abroad. Their investments and gold purchases contribute to the prosperity of a flourishing section of the Beirut money market, and a recent Saudi threat to take this custom elsewhere if Lebanon associated with the Baghdad Pact or any other Western-sponsored grouping had the desired effect. Newspapers and periodicals in many parts of the Arabic-speaking world are subsidized lest they publicize Saudi extravagance.
Between 1952 and 1954, public health, education, and other social services for this largely illiterate country of four or five millions (the exact figure is anybody's guess) were allotted thirteen million dollars. Reliable figures for 1955 are not yet available, though it is known that "internal security" swallowed up some ninety-five million dollars this last year. Most of this sum was spent on the army, whose role is essentially that of a domestic gendarmerie with the task of keeping the tribes in order; but about eight million dollars went to tribal sheikhs and other notables in the form of direct payments in return for keeping the peace.
Blessed with neither his father's outstanding strength of character nor the unchallengeable allegiance he commanded, the present ruler, King Saud ibn Abdul-Aziz, is compelled to purchase the loyalty of his relatives and sheikhs by raising their allowances and subsidies year by year, as well as increasing his military budget and acquiescing in a degree of corruption in official circles unparalleled even in the Levant states. All this imposes a cumulative strain on his resources and when, as has happened twice in recent years, expenditure overtakes revenue, government employees and local merchants supplying the royal family have to go unpaid, and educational and development funds are raided. It is the multi-millionaire monarch's efforts to make ends meet that have driven him to the undignified expedients of entering the tanker business and attempting by force and bribery to acquire the oasis of Buraimi.
In his tanker venture King Saud's mentor is the Greek-Argentinian ship owner Aristotle Socrates Onassis. As yet only one tanker—though it is the largest in the world—sails under the Saudi flag, but the aim is to build up a fleet of about thirty to compete with American and British operators in shipping oil from Arabia to Western Europe—if "compete" is the word. The new Saudi-Onassis tanker company (the Saudis are the major shareholders) was fortified at birth with a royal decree granting its vessels preference over all but those of the Arabian-American Oil Company, the producing company, which carries about half the total volume of oil shipped; and even Aramco has been given to understand by the Saudis that its fleet, too, will ultimately be elbowed out.
The Buraimi oasis, beneath which are thought to be important oil deposits, consists of a group of eight impoverished villages on the northeastern fringe of the largely uncharted "Empty Quarter" (Rub el-Khali) of Arabia. Six of its villages acknowledged until recently the nominal suzerainty of the British-protected Sheikh of Abu-Dhabi, and two that of the Sultan of Muscat. But when, in August 1952, a Saudi emissary arrived with an escort of forty warriors and a caravan laden with gold sovereigns, ball-point pens, cigarette lighters, and food, Buraimi's 9,000 inhabitants were, for the most part, fairly easily persuaded to switch their allegiances. British-led Arab mercenaries recruited in nearby Persian Gulf sheikhdoms were dispatched against the Saudis, while RAF Vampire jet fighters put on a show overhead, and a long-drawn-out Anglo-Saudi dispute ensued. King Saud formally accused the British of "massacring innocents and pillaging their homes and inflicting barbaric treatment on men and women." The British government accused King Saud of attempting to win over the brother of the Sheikh of Abu-Dhabi with a bribe of eighty million dollars. The efforts of an international arbitration tribunal in Geneva broke down when, according to the British Foreign Office, the Saudi representative, Sheikh Yusef Yassin, tried to bribe its members. There, for the moment, the matter rests, though the Saudi government has threatened to take it up with the Security Council.
Nor is the Buraimi dispute the only cause of the present Anglo-Saudi warm war. The Saudis have long been irritated by British attempts—as they see it—to dominate the Arab world by building up the power, and if possible extending the dominions of, the Hashemite royal family (now installed in Iraq and Jordan), which Abdul-Aziz expelled from the Hejaz thirty years ago. The late King Abdullah of Jordan made little effort to conceal his hope that one day his Arab Legion would be strong enough to march south and reconquer his Arabian patrimony, though far from encouraging him, as the Saudis suspected, his British advisers firmly vetoed his irredentist plans. Since Abdullah's death, and despite the deposition of his unbalanced anti-British son Talal, the tide in Jordan, even in some royal quarters, has steadily turned against Britain and in favor of a reconciliation with the Saudis, but Jordan's economic dependence on Britain has naturally operated in favor of the status quo.
The Baghdad Pact, as a result of which Iraq is now receiving a dangerous quantity of American and British arms, brought matters to a head, and Saudi dollars are now being spent on anti-Western and anti-Hashemite (even republican!) propaganda in both Iraq and Jordan. Jordan, the weaker of the two, is receiving the greater attention, though not quite so much as Whitehall officials, to cover their discomfiture over the December riots and now the firing of General Glubb, try to make out. The Cairo junta is reportedly willing, if it gets the Western aid it is holding out for, to share with King Saud the cost of paying Jordan an annual subsidy to replace that which she receives from Britain so as to enable her to cut her British tow-rope and enter the Egyptian-Saudi-Syrian neutralist alliance. The magnetism of the resultant bloc would be such that Iraq's gravitation towards it, and her abrogation of the flimsy Baghdad Pact, would only be a matter of time.
The very word Saudi has come in recent years to be associated to such an extent with extravagance, irresponsibility, corruption, and dissolution that the Western world tends to forget that for millions of Moslems from whom the facts of the situation are concealed, King Saud is doubly important as ruler of the holy places of Islam and nominal head of the Wahabi sect. Wahabi puritanism and piety are renowned—and, generally, recoiled from, as too uncompromisingly austere—throughout the Moslem world. And indeed, more than 90 per cent of King Saud's subjects still lead lives as primitive, as compulsorily austere, as the tenets of Wahabism require. In certain areas "vigilantes" of the Wahabi Ikhwan, a brotherhood founded by the late King Abdul-Aziz, may still take such action as they deem appropriate against humble citizens of the kingdom found drinking alcohol, smoking, or playing music in public. Those who break the fast of Ramadhan may be manacled and imprisoned. Women are denied "human rights" considered elementary in most countries on earth.
In mid-June 1955, it was announced in Riyadh, the Saudi capital, that women would henceforth be forbidden to visit other countries, even on medical grounds and even if accompanied by their husbands (the previous proviso). All girls' schools, it was also officially stated, were to be closed (there were only a few, anyhow, opened in recent years), and male Saudi Arabians would be permitted to study abroad only in exceptional circumstances. Furthermore, all foreign newspapers and magazines containing pictures were to be banned. The aim, it was frankly admitted in Saudi official quarters, was to insulate Arabian society from Western example and influence, social and political. Palace circles, alarmed by a strike of oil workers and the distribution of leaflets signed "National Reform Front," denouncing royal extravagance and tyranny, were anxious to stem the rising tide of enlightenment lest it erode the foundations of their rule.
How does the virus of social and political discontent seep through the baffles and filters of so absolute a regime? Partly, as in Yemen and Aden, through the agency of merchants and their Beirut- and Cairo-educated sons, the latter constituting the nucleus of the new, articulate, but politically under-privileged professional and military middle class; partly in the wake of American oilmen and of the workers Aramco has brought in from other, more advanced, Arab states; and partly with the aid of the radio. The masses are still too ignorant and apathetic to count as a serious political force, but King Saud's penchant for titivating them with xenophobic outbursts, and his reliance upon religious obscurantism to perpetuate their fatalism and political apathy, plays into the hands of spiritual dignitaries hostile to Western Christian—in this context American-penetration of the Islamic Holy Land and genuinely shocked by royal dissoluteness. Such dignitaries still have a greater influence over the sedentary masses (though not over the nomadic tribes, whose significance, however, is dwindling fast) than any other potential leaders, and should ever a middle-class revolutionary group—say, a committee of army officers on the Egyptian model—enlist them as allies, King Saud's days would be numbered.
Tiny Kuwait, too, has an absolute ruler flanked by a fairly voracious family, but he is distinguished by a genuine desire to uplift his people, even to the extent of providing them with the externals of a Western welfare state. The total population of about 200,000 (including 50,000 recently arrived non-Kuwaitis) is concentrated almost entirely in and around the one town, and there can scarcely be a family in the state that has not derived some benefit from the oil boom.
Kuwait now has a supply of drinkable water—filtered sea-water—for the first time in its history (there are no wells in the territory, which is entirely desert, and water has hitherto been imported by dhow from the Shatt el-Arab, the common estuary of the Tigris and Euphrates, fifty miles away). A sixteen-million-dollar sewage system has been built. Superbly equipped hospitals, a mobile clinic, and a sanatorium offer free treatment to all who require it. Forty schools have been opened, a third of them for girls: more is being spent on education in Kuwait than in Saudi Arabia, whose population is thirty times bigger.
Teachers, doctors, technicians, and clerical workers have had to be brought into Kuwait from outside, and their influence, as well as the education available to the rising generation, has opened the eyes of a now vociferous section of Kuwaiti society to the fact that, pampered as they are by their new social services, they are still autocratically governed, subject occasionally to the whims of members of the ruling family who are less enlightened than their Sheikh, and denied any say in the disposal of oil royalties. This last point, Kuwaitis argue, may not be of great importance at the moment, but if the present Sheikh were liquidated by one of his relatives or by an external agency, they might find themselves reduced to the condition of their Saudi Arabian neighbors.
Iraq's royal family has a long-standing feud with the rulers of Kuwait, but Kuwaitis are most afraid, today, of King Saud. Learning recently that signatures were being collected in Kuwait for a petition to the Sheikh requesting the establishment of representative institutions, and that the well-intentioned Sheikh was expected in palace circles to concede at least the election of a state advisory council, King Saud addressed him an urgent warning against such steps. The Sheikh has consequently modified his attitude and forbidden "political agitation"—reportedly because he fears Saudi military intervention.
In his message to the Sheikh, King Saud said: "Once they develop, popular movements undermine the foundations of established governments." He may yet prove to have coined his own epitaph.


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- Innovative new EvoWood product from the makers of the Genuine Swiss Army Knife
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All-conference roundup: Urbanski nets league, region coaching honors
J.F. Webb's Allie Urbanski swept N.C. High School Athletic Association 3-A Carolina Conference and Region 5 soccer Coach of the Year honors after the Warriors tied for third place in the league standings with Orange.
Webb finished 8-7-1 overall before elimination in the first round of the state playoffs.
Ashton Allen, Abbey Smith and Sarah Graham each represented Webb on the all-conference team while Stephanie Moyer and Cat Pittard were honorable mention selections. Allen and Smith were also named to the all-region team.
Northern Vance's Tanaua White was named Goalkeeper of the Year. She was joined on the all-conference team by Viking teammates Kristin Long, Stephanie Garcia and Hannah Burgess while Katlyn Reams and Gabby Matthews were honorable mention. White and Long were also all-region selections.
Southern Vance's Tanya Zuniga and Sarah Stanton round out the Tri-County all-conference soccer selections. Their Raider teammates, Brianna Escobar and Leah Woodlief, were honorable mention selections.
Christina Gibbons of state champion Cardinal Gibbons was Player of the Year.
Northern, Webb place three on all-conference baseball team
Northern and Webb each had three representatives on the all-conference baseball team.
Barry Purnell, Trey Stainback and Zach Pegram were selected from Northern and David Watson, Andrew Watson and Taylor Williams made the cut from Webb, which earned the award for sportsmanship.
The Warriors' Chad Frazier and Matt Hobgood were also named honorable mention along with Southern's Dustin Brummitt and Montavis Gray.
Orange's Nick Debo was Player of the Year, Evan Nations of Gibbons was Pitcher of the Year and Orange's Dean Dease took the coaching honors.
Raiders have five on softball squad
Southern Vance led the way for the area in softball with five all-conference selections. Kiyanna Kearney, Kaylan Hoyle, Megan Hight, Brittany West, and Mikayla Sellers each made the cut. Bree Simmons was honorable mention for the Raiders.
Brooke Wheeler, Bre Lewis and Ellen Blevins were each named all-conference for Webb and Lauren Williams was honorable mention.
Kara Reese was Northern's lone all-conference selection. Rishana Cheek, Katie McAllister, Jesse Edwards, and Mel'leeah Robinson were listed as honorable mention for the Vikings, who earned the sportsmanship award.
League champion Orange swept the player (Mackenzie Cates), pitcher (Kyrbee Cheek) and coach (Denise Wilson) of the year awards.
Vikings represent area in tennis
Northern Vance was the only Carolina Conference team in the area to earn all-conference tennis honors.
Sam Long, Ethan Byrom, Barrett Johnson, and Joseph Sharpe were each all-conference for the Vikings and Blake Newman was honorable mention.
Cardinal Gibbons' Robert Kelly was Player of the Year and the Crusaders' Andrew Tuttle was Coach of the Year. Webb won the award for sportsmanship.
Area well-represented in track and field
Tri-County athletes won three of the four major Carolina Conference awards in track and field.
Southern Vance's Reggie Hunter was boys Runner of the Year, Webb's Corsha Harris was girls Field Event Athlete of the Year and Montel Clark of Northern was the boys Field Event Athlete of the Year.
The girls Runner of the Year was Hannah Blackburn of Chapel Hill and Chapel Hill's Ron Olsen was Coach of the Year.
Webb's girls 4x100 relay team made earned all-conference honors along with Rainesha Taylor (100, 200 meters) and Corsha Harris (discus, shot put).
Northern's Jazmine Haywood (100, 200 meters) also earned individual honors along with Southern's Emerald Hayes (long jump, triple jump) and Deja Hicks (by vote).
The Viking 4x100 and 4x200 boys relay teams were all-conference as well as Jaleel Seward (400 meters), Jeffrey Jones (300-meter hurdles), Vincent Ragland (200 meters), Montel Clark (shot put), Quavon Harris (triple jump), and Scott Hamrick (by vote).
The Southern boys were represented by Reggie Hunter and Qualik Shearin in the 100 meters. Hunter also made the cut in the 200. They were joined by fellow Raiders Xavier Gregory (discus), Jaquez Bullock (shot put), Jeremiah Williams (triple jump), and Ty-Traveon Roberts (high jump).
Devonte Green (long jump) and Joshuan Jones (high jump) made it for Webb.
Cook, Vaughan earn golf honors
Webb's Taylor Cook and Northern's Jamie Vaughan each earned all-conference golf honors.
Cardinal Gibbons' Justin Curis was Player of the Year and Chapel Hill's Michael Bradley was Coach of the Year.
Eleven Spartans receive recognition
Kerr-Vance had a total of 11 athletes receive postseason recognition in the N.C. Independent School Athletic Association 2-A Eastern Plains Independent Conference.
Jessica Darnell and Rebecca Ross were each all-conference in soccer and Shannon Ayscue was an honorable mention selection.
Wyatt Evans and Daniel Wilkerson each made all-conference and Lane Humphries was honorable mention.
In tennis, Taylor Abbott was all-conference and Will Parish was honorable mention.
Daniel Burnette, Brandon Dickerson and Joseph Burnette were each honorable mention in golf.
Warren County collects postseason awards
Warren County's Starbesha Satterwhite (200 meters) was the only Eagle girl or boy to earn all-conference selection in track and field for the NCHSAA 2-A Northern Carolina Conference.
Taylor Sikes and Courtney Macklin were all-conference in softball with Kassie Clary and Mikayla Hargrove as honorable mention.
North Johnston's Lauren Batten was the softball Player of the Year and North Johnston's George Daniels was Coach of the Year.
Warren County's baseball team was represented on the all-conference list by Tyler Thompson while Hayden Sullivan and Pete Johnson made it as honorable mention.
The baseball Player of the Year was Roanoke Rapids' Clay Lockamon and Bunn's Leonard Allen was Coach of the Year.
Warren County's Austin Bender was an honorable mention selection in tennis.


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05/11/2014 just after 4:00 am the suspect was arrested for Aggravated Assault
after injuring the victim during a fight which occurred outside of 4441 N
Buckboard Tr.
were originally called to a fight involving multiple individuals in front of
the W Hotel. When they showed up they found the victim who appeared to have hit
his head on the curb.
pointed out the suspect who punched the victim, knocking the victim to the
victim was transported to SHC Osborn with severe head injuries. No further
information is available at this time of his condition.
The suspect
was held in custody and booked for Aggravated Assault and Disorderly Conduct
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Sox, Sweets Share Summit
Wenatchee 3, Victoria 2 last night.
Wenatchee at Kitsap 7:35 tonight.
Look who is in first...well they share it with Walla Walla, but the AppleSox have gone from fourth to first in three days in the super tight North Division...only 1.5 games separating the top four teams.
Wenatchee vs. Kitsap
Started in 2005
at one time lead the series 18-16. Yikes! Check it out. The AppleSox have reeled off 14 consecutive wins to now lead by a 2 to 1 ratio...32-16.
at one time trailed 10-7 in Bremerton. They since have taken seven straight and are up 14-7.
has won six straight series.
swept a 3-game series from the BlueJackets just two weeks ago here in town.
Kitsap started the season with but four wins in their first 19 games, but the BlueJackets have really turned things around and have won six of the last eight.
And the local nine has also flipped their season over. After starting 5-7 in their first dozen games, Wenatchee has found the next dozen more to their liking, winning three in a row, six of seven and nine of 12. J
July 5 Games...Fizzle after the 4th
What is there about games on the 5th of July? The AppleSox turn sour. It is their worst day...seven games, one victory. At least they got that one in convincing fashion two years ago when they bombed Cowlitz 11-1 to break a 6-game skid. They are 1-6 overall, 1-5 in league games, 0-2 on the road and have that 1-game win streak.
North: WENATCHEE 14-10, Walla Walla 14-10, Victoria 11-9, Bellingham 12-11, Kelowna 6-18
South: Bend 18-9, Cowlitz 12-9, Corvallis 14-13, Klamath Falls 12-13, Medford 9-13, Kitsap 10-17
Who's Hot: Wenatchee has won 6 of 7. Bend has won 5 of 6. Cowlitz has won 5 of 6. Medford has won 4 of 5. Kitsap has won 6 of 8.
Who's Not: Klamath Falls has lost 6 of 7. Bellingham has lost 5 of 6. Kelowna has lost 5 of 6. Victoria has lost 5 of 6.
Questions about commenting? See our Disqus commenting FAQ or our full commenting policy.
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Patient Concierge
Our Team
What to Ask
6630 South McCarran Blvd. #20
Reno, Nevada 89509
Phone Number
(775) 828-7400
Fax Number
(775) 828-7449
Email Address
Office Hours
9am - 5pm
9am - 3pm
Can I get a ball park pricing for my surgery?
If there is a specific surgery you are interested in we can give you a ball park price for Dr. Bonaldi's fee's only that does not include Anesthesia or operating room fees. The pricing may change once you have consulted with Dr. Bonaldi about your agreed surgical procedure.
Why are some plastic surgeons more expensive than others?
Some plastic surgeons have more credentialing and experience than others and should be a member of The American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS) or the American Aesthetic Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASAPS).
The amount of years a plastic surgeon has been performing surgeries and how many of those surgeries they do yearly can determine a pricing differential between doctors. Typically, more experienced doctors charge higher fees for their expertise.
What is the difference between Local and General Anesthesia?
Local Anesthesia refers to the injection of Lidocaine to numb the area to be operated on, but can also include "Twilight Sleep" sedation through an IV. General Anesthesia completely sedates the patient throughout the entire procedure.
Why can't I have the same facelift or surgical procedure as my friend?
Every patient has their own predominate indications for a facelift and other procedures which may mean the surgery your friend had is not the right choice for you. Dr. Bonaldi wants you to have the best outcome possible and will explain the difference to you in the consultation.
How long do I have to wait to book my surgery after my consultation?
If you have a very specific time frame in mind for surgery, you should call the office to book your consultation at least 2-3 months in advance to your ideal surgery date. Dr. Bonaldi operates on Monday and Wednesday and sees patients in his office for consultations on Tuesday and Thursday. You are also welcome to book surgery at the time of your consultation. We are unable to "hold" surgery time until you have seen Dr. Bonaldi in person.
How long will my surgical recovery be?
Please see your specific surgical procedure on our website for recovery time.
Weight Loss Program FAQ's
What does the Weight Loss Program include?
Complete History and Physical completed by Dr. Bonaldi or his Nurse Practitioner, education of the Paleo Diet, B12 Lipo Shots, and optional appetite suppressant medication called Phentermine. Your health and goals will determine whether or not you are a candidate for the prescription medication.
How successful is this program?
It is 100% successful and sustainable, depending on how dedicated you are to adapting to the Paleo diet and following the rules to the plan.
How much weight can I expect to lose?
Every client is different depending on how dedicated they are to their success, but the average weight loss is between 1-3 pounds per week.
What is the Paleo diet, and why is it so successful?
The Paleo diet is based on eating lean proteins, healthy fats, fruits and vegetables, nuts and seeds. These are the nutrients that our bodies want and need. There are no magic shakes, pills, or cutting calories, just proper eating habits. Eliminating dairy, glutens and sugar are essential when following this plan.
What are the B12 Lipo Shots and Phentermine and what do they do?
B12 Lipo shots contain multiple B vitamins and other nutrients that help speed up your metabolism, which helps speed up the weight loss process. Phentermine is a prescription appetite suppressant that helps curb your cravings while you get used to your new eating style, the medication is temporary and only to be used for a short period of time.
FAQ's - Skincare
How many chemical peels will I need to achieve my desired goal?
This will depend on your expectations, downtime limitations and type of peel that you and your Aesthetician decide on.
What is the cost of chemical peels?
Our peels range in price from $125.00 to $200.00.
Do you offer a discount if I buy and schedule more than one chemical peel?
Yes, we offer a discount if you purchase 3 or more peels. Often we have discounts for a series of peels that will also include some of our most popular products. Please visit our website for monthly specials or "like" us on Facebook for the most updated discount promotions.
Which treatment will give me the best results for achieving my desired goal?
During your complimentary consultation with a senior Aestheticians or our Nurse, we will design a personal treatment plan that is specifically based on your skin needs. This most often includes physician based skin care products in addition to treatment options.
Will there be any preparation time or product protocol before or after my chemical peel or laser treatment?
Yes, The protocol for each laser and chemical peel is specific to each treatment. For your optimum result, we will consult with you and write down instructions for your home care routine for both before and after each treatment.
Are the chemical peels uncomfortable, do they hurt?
Each treatment has a varied treatment reaction. This will be discussed prior to your treatment appointment so you will know what to expect.
How much time do I schedule between chemical peels?
This depends on the peel that you have chosen what your goal is and how aggressive you would like to be. This will be discussed during your first treatment, or at consultation.
How much "down time" should I plan for?
Depending on the peel you choose, you may have anywhere from no down time to possibly 4 to 6 days of peeling time.
What is Hydroquinone and why would I use it?
Hydroquinone is most commonly referred to as a "Bleaching Cream". We would prescribe this product for most patients who have areas with hyper pigmentation (brown spots) that they would like to correct.
What is Retin-A and why would I use it?
Retin-A is prescribed for a number of skin problems and concerns. It is used to help heal and control most types of acne, it helps to reduce fine lines and wrinkles and correcting hyper pigmentation issues. Retin-A will increase cellular turn over and works at the cellular level to improve your skins overall health and appearance.
Which is my better choice, a chemical peel, a laser treatment or surgery with Dr. Bonaldi?
This is a question that would be best addressed in your personal consultation with either Dr. Bonaldi or our Patient Concierge. For most of our patients, the choice they make is dictated by their desired result, rocvery time, and personal finances.
I am planning to lose weight and I'm excited to have a surgical procedure with Dr. Bonaldi, what should I do?
You should lose your desired amount of weight first then schedule your consultation with Dr. Bonaldi for best results.
FAQ for Botox and injectables
What is the difference between botox and filler?
We develop lines on our face for 2 reasons. The first are "dynamic lines" caused by the muscles contracting under the skin. An example of these are "frown lines" and "crows feet". Botox causes the muscle not to contract in the area it is injected and thereby, decreasing the lines The other type, "static lines or folds", are caused by a loss of fat, collagen and elastin in our skin. Fillers, such as Juvederm and Restylane give volume to help restore a youthful appearance.
How does Botox lift the brow?
The muscles in our body all have opposing muscles. As example is the arm, the bicep pulls up and the tricep pulls down. In the forehead, the glabella and corrugators pull down and the frontalis pulls up. By placing botox in the glabella and corrugator, the frontalis is allowed to pull up without opposition.
FAQ'S for Laser Treatments
Which laser has the least amount of downtime?
The Intense Pulsed Light for brown spots and redness and the Fraxel Resurfacing Laser Treatment which is 1-2 days.
How much downtime for hair removal?
Depending on which area of the face or body that is treated, you could have some pinking of the skin for 1-2 days. We give you a post care cream to take home with you.
Which laser treats wrinkling and laxity and how much downtime is associated with it?
Our Active/Deep FX laser is FDA approved for treating tone, texture and tightening of the skin. Downtime is 5-6 days, see the Active/Deep FX under the "skincare" section on our website for more details.
Which laser treats my brown spots, hyperpigmentation or redness? The IPL treatment, please see website under Skincare for more info.
Can my neck, chest, arms and hands be treated?
Yes, we often use the Fraxel Resurfacing Laser Treatment or the IPL which are all FDA approved for treatments on the body.
Site Map
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Upcoming Events
Atlanta Film Festival 365 presents a diverse slate of year-round offerings for film-lovers, filmmakers, and established & emerging industry professionals. Join our Email List and find us on Facebook, LinkedIn or Twitter for information on upcoming events. Please join as an ATLFF365 MEMBER for special discounts on tickets, registrations & submissions, invites to exclusive Screening Events, and other special perks.
Screenings and Events
Advance Screenings ATLFF365 Members enjoy invitations to exclusive Sneak-Peek & Special Event Screenings all year-round. From pre-theatrical Presentations of blockbuster movies & indie gems to premiere parties for new TV series, our Advance Screenings are a great perk for membership supporters of ATLFF365.
Partner Screenings and Events Partnering with groups such as Atlanta Celebrates Photography, A3C Hip Hop Festival, WonderRoot, Alliance Française and more, ATLFF365 co-produces and co-presents a variety of events throughout the city.
Throughout the year, ATLFF365 offers a range of workshops on screenwriting, directing, production getting into the film business and more.
Networking, Social and Conversations
Eat, Drink & B-Indie join us on the 3rd Tuesday of the month from 7:30pm – 9:30pm at Manuel's Tavern conversations with Atlanta and Georgia filmmakers about a specific film, company, group or collective as we talk about their projects and network. EDBI is a place to become part of the conversation.
Members' Holiday Party The annual holiday party is a chance for a ATLFF365 to thank it's members with an evening of fun, casual networking, season's cheer and meeting fellow members and filmmakers.
Filmmaker Opportunities
Airport Shorts In partnership with Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, ATLFF365 curates and screens shorts on over 30 kiosks at the Maynard H. Jackson Jr. International Terminal to 14 million visitors year-round.
Short Cuts Creative Loafing and ATLFF offer this annual opportunity to amateurs and professionals to create 5 minute shorts, compete for prizes, and earn a shot at screening at the Atlanta Film Festival.
Atlanta Film Festival
Atlanta Film Festival (ATLFF) is an Academy Award qualifying, international film festival held in Atlanta, Georgia. Started in 1976 and occurring every April, the festival shows a diverse range of independent films, including genre films such as horror and sci-fi.
Screenplay Competition The Atlanta Film Festival Screenplay Competition looks to discover high quality screenplays and then help 3 writers further develop and refine their script through an intensive workshop retreat with professional writers and filmmakers coincides with the Atlanta Film Festival.
Creative Conference As part of our mission to offer professional development for working filmmakers in Atlanta and Georgia as well as unmatched access to information for emerging filmmakers.


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Hang tight!
Recipe by United Soybean Board
"Delightfully rich and creamy without the saturated fat, this healthy pudding is packed with antioxidant-rich dark chocolate and 6 grams of high-quality soy protein. Top with your favorite fruits to make your perfect dessert."
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1 (12.3 ounce) package
silken tofu, drained
2/3 cup
dark unsweetened cocoa powder
1 cup
powdered sugar
1 teaspoon
vanilla extract
Whipped topping
I Made this for my vegetarian kiddos and they loved it. I'm not much of a baker and I don't buy store bought pudding so it was a treat to them just because they don't get pudding often, but my 4 year old, who is a problem eater and won't eat most things, actually said it tasted better than any pudding he ever had. I made mine in the blender b/c my food processor was too small. The texture is exactly like pudding and it's much healthier in the process. I think I'll try it again with a fruit base instead of the chocolate.
I decided to branch out and try this recipe from my usual one. Pretty bland. For about 10 or so minutes I had to wrestle with the blender just to get the tofu to churn, and eventually chopped it up with my scraper because the darn thing didn't want to chop. After that, I had to add soymilk (about 1/4 c) to it because it wouldn't puree. Fast forward the actual chopping, the pudding was really bland, so I added more cocoa powder and gave up adding any extra (I chose this for health reasons, after all). The end result still stuck to the spoon. Maybe this recipe would be better with a tablespoon of lemon juice?
2 Ratings
* Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
Soy-Silken Dark Chocolate Pudding
Serving Size: 1/6 of a recipe
Servings Per Recipe: 6
Amount Per Serving
Calories: 138
Calories from Fat: 26
Hard to believe, but many kids will be back in school at the end of the month. Get ready.
You won't believe all the things you can do with cauliflower. It's a great low-carb option.
Delicious recipes, party ideas, and cooking tips! Get a year of Allrecipes magazine for $7.99!
Make your own homemade chocolate mousse—with a secret surprise.
See how to make a super-simple, 5-star chocolate pudding.
See how chia seeds make a yummy, healthier chocolate pudding.


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Three colts top Wednesday's OBS June breeze show
A trio of colts turned in the co-fastest times for one furlong during Wednesday's session of the Ocala Breeders' Sales Co. June 2-year-olds and horses of racing age sale, covering the distance in :10 seconds flat.
The three horses that tied for the fastest furlong over the Ocala Training Center's synthetic Safetrack surface were:
► Hip No. 455, a gray or roan Grand Slam colt, out of the stakes-placed Black Tie Affair mare Beaux Arts Ball. The mare's three winners include Grade 2 winner Nightmare Affair and Grade 3-placed Off the Richter. The colt is consigned by Secure Investments, and is from the family of Grade 2-placed Another Silver Oak.
► Hip No. 519, a bay colt from the first crop of Kentucky Derby winner Super Saver, out of the unraced Cat Thief mare Centurian Lady. Consigned as agent by Casse Sales, the colt's page also includes Grade 1 winner Healthy Addiction and Grade 2 winner Yara.
► Hip No. 558, a bay colt by Kitten's Joy, out of the winning Candy Ride mare Collar. The colt is consigned by Southern Cypress Stable, agent, and is from the family of Grade 3 winner Fifth Overture.
A pair of fillies registered the fastest two-furlong breezes of the day, completing their workouts in :21 seconds flat:
► Hip No. 406, a dark bay or brown Scat Daddy filly. She is out of the winning Yes It's True mare April True, whose first foal to race is a winner. Consigned by Eddie Woods, agent, the filly is from the family of stakes winners Starclock and Clock Tower.
► Hip No. 408, Gracen Joy, a gray or roan Kitten's Joy filly, out of the winning Exchange Rate mare Arazi Exchange. The mare is the dam of one winner from two foals to race. The filly is consigned as agent by Mariela Inzuna Gastelun, and is from the family of Canadian champion Musketier and Grade 2 winner Miatuschka.
The OBS June breeze show continues through Saturday, June 14, beginning each day at 7:30 a.m. Eastern at the Ocala Training Center. The sale begins Tuesday, June 17, with sessions starting daily at 10:30 a.m. Eastern through Friday, June 20.
To view the full results from Wednesday's breeze session, click here.


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Desert Island Discs is one of Radio 4's most popular and enduring programmes. Created by Roy Plomley in 1942, the format is simple: each week a guest is invited by Sue Lawley to choose the eight records they would take with them to a desert island.you also get to chose a book and a luxury.
luxury: a picture of beth.
| archives
|Last modified: Thursday, May 12, 2005 @ 07:55pm
copyright © 2002-2015 jose nazario, all rights reserved.


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You're really passionate about this car, right? That's pretty cool. Enthusiasm is good. I just inherited the same car, from my grandmother, to my sister, to myself. Only ~69,000 miles on it. I'll probably drive it 'til it falls apart, myself.
I'm used to compact cars, myself, with the biggest car I've ever owned (until my Lexus ES300) being a Toyota Camry. The Camry got totalled (not my fault), and with the Lexus I've rear-ended a woman on the freeway (she had slammed on her brakes unexpectedly), resulting in the slightest of damage to her back bumper (looked mostly like paint from my car), but a good crush in my front bumper. I also "brushed up" against a parked car in a store lot. Again, my victim's car sustained no noticeable damage, but now _both_ ends of the front bumper looked like they had been punched out ... perhaps by the Incredible Hulk. I got lucky when the owners of the parked car said, "I don't see any damage, you might as well just go," which I absolutely did.
That's when my sister informed me that, despite it's modest size, a Lexus should be driven like an eighteen-wheeler, because it's so freakin' powerful that stopping it takes time and distance. No more tailgating for me; I don't care _how_ dense the traffic is! Safe following distance, reasonable speeds, and ultra concentration (MY 2002 ES300, if not yours, is apt to wander out of its lane if the driver starts playing with all the neat functions inside the car).
Oddly enough, my six-disc changer also gets finicky, especially about ejecting CDs. One terrible night, I though I'd be stuck listening to "The Best of Gary Glitter" for all time.
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Sorry, there are no current plans to re-stock this product. Instead, please consider some of our similar products listed below.
The Dunfermline Athletic Mitre Tensile match ball for the 2011/12 SPL season. This is the official match ball that Dunfermline Athletic will use at East End Park on the clubs return the the SPL.
The official Dunfermline Athletic match ball is styled in the clubs colours of black and red, the ball will feature the club badge along with the Mitre sponsor logo.
The Mitre Tensile will be used throughout the Scottish Premier league, the ball features a 10 panel design that is made from a Clarino micro fibre material that offers great performance, a great collectors item for all fans.


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These are misc. "Premier" photos from Fiji and Okinawa.
Updated: Oct 18, 2008 9:28am PST
These photos are great but I don't consider them to be "Premier".
Updated: Feb 17, 2010 8:31pm PST
These are my Bahamas 09 "Best Of"
Updated: Jul 28, 2010 1:21pm PST
Updated: Dec 12, 2009 8:36pm PST
Karama Islands 24 May 08 "Premiere"
Updated: Feb 17, 2010 8:17pm PST
Updated: May 26, 2008 3:05am PST
Misc nature photos from my Adventures in Washington State
Updated: May 01, 2012 4:10pm PST
Whale Shark dive in Okinawa! This was absolutely amazing!
Updated: May 30, 2008 5:54am PST
Coral Planting Project Group 1
These photos are for sale at cost. Enjoy!
Updated: May 24, 2008 3:04am PST
Coral Planting Project Group 2
These photos are for sale at cost. Enjoy!
Updated: May 24, 2008 3:02am PST
Photos from my new favorite local fishing hole. These are the first f ...
Updated: Aug 03, 2009 10:31pm PST
Updated: Sep 29, 2012 6:54pm PST
Updated: May 10, 2015 12:34am PST


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Only 64 JooJoo tablets sold?
Fusion Garage's JooJoo tablet wasn't exactly the storming success the company might have hoped for, and finally shipping only days in advance of the iPad going on sale certainly didn't help matters. So just how many JooJoo tablets were sold? Going by a shoddily constructed email that looks to have gone out to all of the company's customers, the total could be just 64.


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OWINGS MILLS - Cornerback Asa Jackson (ankle) was not even listed on Wednesday's injury report and declared himself ready for Sunday's season-opener against the Bengals.
"It's an opportunity I've been wanting for a long time," said Jackson following Wednesday's practice. "Now I have to take advantage."
Asked how close he was to 100 percent, Jackson said, "I'm good to go. Top shape, full speed by Sunday. Really, I feel like that now. Obviously everything's up to the coaches, but as far as ability (to play full speed), I'm good to go.
Jackson is in this third season with the Ravens, and is expected to be their primary nickel cornerback behind Jimmy Smith and Lardarius Webb. Smith (chest injurry) looks to be ready for Sunday as well, not even listed on Wednesday's injury report. Webb (back) was on the report, but he was listed as probable.
[RELATED: Ravens legend to get statue at M&T]
Jackson was suspended for four games as a rookie, and for eight games last season for violating the NFL performance enhancing drug policy. This season, Jackson has a chance for more playing time than ever, and sounded determined to take advantage.
"I'm excited, man," Thompson said. "The fact I have a possibility (to play regularly) on this kind of defense? Man, it's awesome."
Jackson said he expected to play at a high level Sunday despite missing significant practice time during training camp.
"I've been here for three years now, and a lot of the stuff I already know," Jackson said. " I'm not really concerned about rust."
What if the Bengals target Jackson, to see how ready he is?
"I'm looking forward to that, too," Jackson said. "The more balls get thrown my way, the more opportunities I'll have to get my hands on one. Looking forward to the challenge for sure."


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Cal State Northridge Hosts Chicago State In Season Opener
Northridge, Ca. - College basketball is finally here. The 2007-08 Cal State Northridge men's basketball team will officially be unveiled on Saturday, November 10, when the Matadors host Chicago State at The Matadome. Tipoff is slated for 2:00 p.m.
Cal State Northridge Matadors Possible Starters (0-0 overall, 0-0 Big West)
F - Calvin Chitwood, 6-8, 220, Senior, Phoenix, Az
F - Jonathan Heard, 6-6, 195, Senior, Inglewood, Ca
F - Jayme Miller, 6-8, 240, Senior, Newbury Park, Ca
G - Rob Haynes, 6-4, 185, Junior, Cerritos, Ca
G - Josh Jenkins, 5-10, 185, Junior, Albuquerque, NM
Chicago State Cougars Possible Starters (0-0 overall)
F - Carl Montgomery, 6-7, 210, Freshman, Palos Heights, Il
F - Tawrence Walton, 6-5, 195, Junior, Chicago, Il
C - Chidozie Chukwumah, 6-11, 225, Senior, Columbus, Oh
G - John Cantrell, 6-2, 170, Junior, Pontiac, Mi
G - David Holston, 5-8, 160, Junior, Pontiac, Mi
Series Story
This will only be the second meeting between Cal State Northridge and Chicago State ... On Dec. 29, 1978, the Matadors recorded a 64-56 decision over the Cougars at The Matadome ... Mark Felix, Freddie Glaster and Brett Davis combined for 39 of CSUN's 64 points ... Felix scored 14 points to lead the offensive attack ... Davis led Matador rebounders with seven rebounds ... The Matadors, in 1978-79 went onto to produce a 20-9 overall record, win the CCAA league title, and advance to the NCAA Tournament ... Cal State Northridge will play Chicago State in the Windy City on Jan. 22.
Matador Memo
One of the special times of the year is the opening of the college basketball season in November which leads to "March Madness" at the end of the year ... On Saturday, Nov. 10 (2:00 p.m.), Cal State Northridge begins its 50th season of basketball when it hosts Chicago State at The Matadome ... Grab a game program because the Matadors have a new look in this year ... Eleven new players have arrived, and with the return of five lettermen, including three starters, and the return of a redshirt freshman, this could be a special year for the Matadors ... The point-guard play has been improved with the import of junior college stars Paul Wayne (6-1, 165, Junior, Washington, D.C.) and Josh Jenkins (5-10, 185, Junior, Albuquerque, NM) ... Along with the return of Rai Colston (5-9, 190, Senior, Woodland Hills, Ca), this trio will bring talent and experience to the position. Look for Rob Haynes (6-4, 185, Junior, Cerritos, Ca) and newcomers Deon Tresvant (6-0, 170, Junior, Long Beach, Ca), Rodrigue Mels (6-3, 180, Junior, Guadeloupe) and Matthew Wallace (6-2, 160, Freshman, Inglewood, Ca) to give the Matadors outstanding shooting strength at the off-guard position. Cal State Northridge will be noticeably more athletic along the front line in 2007-08. Returning are two all-league candidates in Jonathan Heard (6-6, 195, Senior, Inglewood, Ca) and Calvin Chitwood (6-8, 220, Senior, Phoenix, Az). Heard, who gained Honorable Mention All-Big West honors last year, led the team in scoring (13.5 ppg) and steals (44) and finished second in rebounding (5.5 rpg) and assists (63). Chitwood finished second on the Matadors in scoring (13.2 ppg) and third in rebounding (4.9 rpg) last year. Jayme Miller (6-8, 240, Senior, Newbury Park, Ca) has added 20 pounds and will play significant minutes this year. Evan Scott (6-6, 210, RS Freshman, Long Beach, Ca) redshirted last year which gave him an opportunity to gain strength and learn the Matador system. Tremaine Townsend (6-9, 215, Junior, Phoenix, Az) will provide strength at both ends of the court, while Therin Taylor (6-5, 180, Sophomore, Richmond, Ca), Xavier Reed (6-5, 215, Freshman, Minneapolis, Mn) and Tony Osunsanmi (6-4, 190, RS Sophomore, Ontario, Ca) are young players with great potential. Willie Galick (6-8, 225, Junior, Nanaimo, British Columbia) is a transfer from Pepperdine who will redshirt because of NCAA transfer rules. Cal State Northridge had been counting on Jermaine Smith (6-9, 220, Junior, Irvington, NJ) but a torn ACL in his left knee has sidelined Smith for the entire season.
History Hoopla
The 2007-08 season marks the 50th season of intercollegiate basketball at Cal State Northridge ... During the previous 49 years, Cal State Northridge has produced several great teams, and numerous great players ... A history of some of the great moments in CSUN basketball history is available on the Northridge website at www.gomatadors.com.
Coaches Corner
Bobby Braswell is entering his 12th season as head coach at Cal State Northridge ... Braswell has coached 325 games in his duties as head coach, and has produced a record of 168-157 ... Braswell has guided Cal State Northridge to postseason play in each of his previous eleven seasons, reaching the conference tournament championship game on four occasions ... In past seasons under Braswell, the Matadors have prided themselves on tough defense and a productive offense ... Last year, the Matadors led the Big West Conference in rebounding margin (+6.9) and steals (8.97) ... Braswell's teams have ranked in the Top 25 in steals nationally in ten of the last eleven seasons ... Braswell will be assisted by second year assistant coach Louis Wilson, and newcomers Stan Johnson and James Blake ... Ryan Dodd is in his first season as Director of Basketball Operations.
Cougar Catalogue
Chicago State has a new coach who is hoping to rebuild a program that produced only a 9-20 record last year ... Benjy Taylor is the new coach of the Cougars after serving as an assistant coach at Tulane ... The Cougars have only four returning players, but Taylor has brought in nine new players ... One of the returnees is a veteran guard who can score ... David Holston is a 5-foot-8 junior guard from Pontiac, Michigan, who averaged a team-leading 15.6 points per game last year ... Ninety-four of Holston's baskets came from three-point territory ... Holston also dished out 100 assists and although only 5-foot-8, averaged 3.1 rebounds per game ... Holston also had 44 steals and hit 83 percent from the free throw line ... In their only exhibition game, Holston tallied 28 points (5-for-9 from three-point territory), dished out five assists and had four steals in a 98-53 decision over Calumet College St. Joseph ... His backcourt mate, John Cantrell, added 14 points, seven rebounds and three assists ... Cantrell, a 6-foot-2 junior guard from Pontiac, Mich., was the team's third-leading scorer last year at 14.5 ppg ... Cantrell led the Cougars in assists (136) ... Other double-digit scorers were forward Carl Montgomery with 14 points (along with three blocks and two steals) and forward Tawrence Walton with eleven points, six rebounds and two steals ... The Cougars definitely has size on their 13-man roster ... Center Chidozie Chukwumah is 7-feet, while freshman forward Pawel Kielbasa is 6-foot-10.
Exhibition Episodes
Cal State Northridge prepped for the regular season with two exhibition victories ... On Oct. 31, utilizing a high-paced offense and tough, pressure defense, the Matadors dominated play from the start to record a 90-54 victory over Cal State Los Angeles ... Cal State Northridge had scoring runs of 16 and eleven straight points to take a 39-23 halftime lead ... For the game, the Matadors hit 55 percent (30-for-55) from the floor, and added eleven 3-pointers in 27 attempts for 41 percent ... The Matador defense held Cal State Los Angeles to only 29 percent shooting (15-for-52) and nine percent (2-for-22) from behind the arc ... The Matadors also forced the Golden Eagles into 28 turnovers ... Calvin Chitwood led CSUN in scoring with 19 points (6-for-8 from the floor, 2-for-4 from three-point territory, and 5-for-6 from the free throw line) along with nine rebounds ... Rob Haynes added 16 points (6-for-9 from the floor, 4-for-7 from behind the arc), along with five rebounds, three assists and one steal in 26 minutes ... Deon Tresvant added 13 points (6-for-6 from the free throw line) along with five assists and two steals in 22 minutes off the bench ... Tremaine Townsend grabbed a game-high ten rebounds in 21 minutes off the bench ... On. Nov. 6, Townsend played 20 minutes off the bench, and clearly dominated play in grabbing ten rebounds and scoring 15 points to help lead Cal State Northridge to a 79-55 victory over The Master's College ... Jonathan Heard scored 21 points to lead both teams in scoring, including 3-of-4 from three-point territory and a perfect 6-for-6 from the free throw line ... Heard, who played 27 minutes, added to his all-around game with four rebounds, two assists and two steals ... Haynes tallied 15 pints, including 4-for-6 shooting from behind the arc ... Jayme Miller added ten points and eight rebounds in 21 minutes of play ... Cal State Northridge held The Master's College to 35 percent shooting, and outrebounded the visitors, 44-33. The Matador defense also forced the Mustangs into 25 turnovers.
Northridge Notables
In their two exhibition victories, several players stood out ... Tremaine Townsend (Center, 6-9, 215, Junior, Phoenix, Az) grabbed 26 rebounds, scored 21 points and blocked two shots in 41 minutes off the bench ... All-conference candidate Jonathan Heard (F/G, 6-6, 195, Senior, Inglewood, Ca) scored 30 points, dished out five assists and stole four passes in 48 minutes ... Calvin Chitwood (Forward, 6-8, 220, Senior, Phoenix, Az) hit 8-of-11 shots (.727), grabbed ten rebounds, and scored 23 points (19 vs Cal State Los Angeles) in 42 minutes ... Rob Haynes (Guard, 6-4, 185, Junior, Cerritos, Ca) tallied 31 points (11-for-18 from the floor, 8-for-13 from behind the arc) in 43 minutes ... Josh Jenkins (Guard, 5-10, 185, Junior, Albuquerque, NM) dished out nine assists in the two games ... Paul Wayne (Guard, 6-1, 165, Junior, Washington, D.C.) had four assists and four steals against Cal State Los Angeles.
History Hoopla
On Dec. 13, 1958, Cal State Northridge (then known as San Fernando Valley State), recorded its first victory in school history ... A member of that team went on to become the school's winningest basketball coach, Pete Cassidy.
Record Review
Look for Jonathan Heard and Calvin Chitwood to dominate the Matador record book by end of the 2007-08 season ... Heard has scored 1,020 points in three previous seasons, only 61 points short of catching Pat Bolden (1984-88) in tenth place ... Heard will no doubt also enter the school's Top 10 list in career field goals, career field goal attempts, career rebounds, career assists, career steals, career games and career starts this year ... Heard already is tenth in school history in free throw attempts (371), and is only seven shy of tenth all-time in free throws made currently occupied by Mark Cooley (1964-67) ... Heard also needs only two steals to enter the ninth spot in career steals held by Derrick Gathers (1988-90) and Trenton Cross (1994-98) with 120 ... Chitwood only needs 118 points to become a 1,000 point career scorer, and only needs 199 points to become the tenth all-time leading scorer in school history ... Chitwood's 336 career field goals is only 58 short of the tenth position in the Matador record book held by Mark Cooley (1964-67) ... Chitwood needs 151 rebounds to reach 510 career boards which would put him tenth on the all-time list at Cal State Northridge ... Junior Rob Haynes has a career three-point field goal percentage of .425 (68-for-160) which is fourth-best in school history.
Numbers Notation
47 - The school record for most points scored in a game by Ollie Carter vs Westmont (2/1/66).
109 - The number of career games started by school record holder Markus Carr (1998-02).
363 - The number of Cal State Northridge wins at The Matadome.
640 - The number of victories in Cal State Northridge men's basketball history.
1,331 - The number of games played in the history of Cal State Northridge men's basketball.
1,641 - The number of career points scored by school record holder Brian Heinle (1997-01).
Pre-Season Potpourri
Cal State Northridge is picked to finish sixth in a poll of coaches and media by the Big West Conference ... The Matadors generated 31 points in the coaches poll ... UC Santa Barbara is picked to win the conference with 58 points followed by Cal Poly (52), Pacific and Cal State Fullerton each with 48 points followed by Cal State Northridge (31), UC Davis (20), Long Beach State (14) and UC Riverside (11) ... In the media poll, UC Santa Barbara collected 152 points followed by Cal Poly (138), Cal State Fullerton (114), UC Irvine (109), Pacific (92), Cal State Northridge (76), Long Beach State (52), UC Davis (43) and UC Riverside (34).
Schedule Summary
A challenging 2007-08 schedule that includes games against national powers Gonzaga and Washington highlights the 2007-08 Cal State Northridge basketball schedule ... Cal State Northridge will face a Gonzaga team which will again be one of the nation's elite collegiate basketball teams on Dec. 8 (5:00 p.m.) in Spokane ... The competition doesn't get any easier on Dec. 22 (3:00 p.m.) when the Matadors travel back to the Pacific Northwest to face Pac-10 power Washington in Seattle ... Cal State Northridge will have 13 regular season home games at The Matadome including eight Big West Conference games ... The home league slate begins on Jan. 10 against the league's newest member, UC Davis ... Long Beach State, the Big West champion in 2006-07, visits the Matadors home turf on Jan. 26 at 4:00 p.m. ... Pre-season league favorite UC Santa Barbara will face Cal State Northridge at The Matadome on Mar. 6 (7:05 p.m.) ... For ticket information, call (818) 677-2488.
Television Tale
Two Cal State Northridge men's basketball games will be televised as part of the Big West Conference television package ... Cal State Northridge will host Long Beach State on Saturday, January 26 (4:00 p.m.) in a game that will be televised on Fox Sports Net Prime Ticket ... On Thursday, February 28, the Matadors will visit Cal State Fullerton in a conference game to be televised on KVMD in the Southern California market ... Tipoff is 7:00 p.m. ... Two other non-league games will be televised ... The game at Gonzaga (Dec. 8, 5:00 p.m.) will be televised in the Spokane area, and the Dec. 22 (3:00 p.m.) non-league contest at Washington will be televised on Fox Sports Northwest ... Cal State Northridge will also have opportunities for additional appearances the final two weeks of the season when the Big West and FSN Prime Ticket select "wildcard" matchups from a pool of games ... The selections are expected to be made no later than February 1 ... The television game possibilities are Cal State Northridge at UC Irvine on Mar. 1; and Cal Poly at Cal State Northridge on Mar. 8.
Footnote Facts
The Matadors start the 2007-08 season, one year to the exact date of last year's season opener, a Nov. 10 contest vs Portland State in Eugene, Oregon ... In that game, Terrell Jones came off the bench to score 22 points (8-for-10 from the floor) in 24 minutes of play to lead the Matadors to a 90-65 decision over the Vikings ... Jonathan Heard added 18 points and Calvin Chitwood chipped in with 15 ... Jones also added a team-leading seven rebounds ... Nov. 10 is the earliest date that the Matadors have started the regular season in the 50-years of basketball at CSUN ... Saturday's season opener (Nov. 10, 2007) against Chicago State starts at 2:00 p.m.


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Frequently Asked Questions for Industry (FAQ)What technologies are available for license from UABRF?
Why do you license technologies?
What stage are your technologies in? Will I have to invest anything in developing products from your technologies?
Do I have to sign a confidential disclosure agreement (CDA) before I get any information?
How do I license a technology I'm interested in, and what are the terms?
How long will it take to license a technology through UABRF?
Do you license to startup companies?
Do you advise or fund companies?
Can I negotiate and sign license or confidentiality agreements directly with UAB researchers?
How do we manage and monitor the license agreement once signed?
Where can I find more information?
What technologies are available for license from UABRF?
A broad range of technologies are available for license. We have an especially strong portfolio in medical, biomaterial, and pharmaceutical technologies, and computer, engineering, and other technologies are also available (more information). We encourage you to talk with a licensing associate about your company's interests or email us about what you're looking for. A UABRF licensing associate may also make the initial contact with you if we see a match between certain UABRF technologies and your company's field.
Why do you license technologies?
The University's primary missions are education, research, and patient care. In addition, where consistent with its primary objectives, it also wishes to obtain the greatest public good from the products of its research, to produce license revenue for the University to help fund its operation, and to produce financial rewards for its faculty and staff innovators. Thus, we actively seek to discover and assess products of UAB research that may have commercial value, to protect this intellectual property (through patents and other means) as appropriate, and to seek opportunities to license these technologies into the commercial sector.
What stage are your technologies in? Will I have to invest anything in developing products from your technologies?
Some UABRF technologies, for example biomaterials like monoclonal antibodies and process technologies like drug formulation and drug delivery, are ready for immediate commercial use. However, many of our technologies are in an early stage and would require additional investment by a licensing company before a product is ready to market. Our licensing terms are flexible and can reflect the specifics of the technology, the company, and the industry involved. If you are interested in one of our early stage technologies but not sure if you're ready to license and develop it, other approaches include sponsoring further research with a license option, or entering into a collaborative research agreement to develop the technology further. Contact us to discuss these approaches.
Do I have to sign a confidential disclosure agreement (CDA) before I get any information?
No, in most cases an UABRF licensing associate can share some general information about a technology's possible uses and benefits without the need for a CDA. If you are interested in learning more, then the licensing associate can execute a confidential disclosure agreement with you and share more detail about the innovation. At that point we may set up a meeting or conference call including the primary investigator of the technology.
How do I license a technology I'm interested in, and what are the terms?
Once you've learned enough about the technology to know you'd be interested in a license, the same licensing associate will work with you to negotiate a license agreement that benefits both parties. We can be flexible in license terms. For example, license vs. license option, exclusivity, fields of use, duration, license issue fees, ongoing royalties, and royalties triggered by milestones are all tools available to shape a licensing agreement so that it meets both parties' needs. In most cases, we expect a licensee to reimburse patent expenses already incurred and future patent expenses as they occur.
How long will it take to license a technology through UABRF?
There are several steps involved. First, a CDA can generally be negotiated and executed within a month, much less if you accept our standard CDA.
Second, you evaluate the technology. The length of time for this step is under your control. Companies have ranged from a few weeks to more than a year to evaluate an UABRF technology before entering contract negotiation. During this process, we will try to respond quickly to any questions you have and to ensure timely access to the innovator if needed.
Third, we negotiate a license agreement together. The length of this step will depend on how quickly the parties are able to reach mutually agreeable terms. Previous licensing agreements have taken anywhere from one to twelve months to negotiate and sign.
Do you license to startup companies?
Yes, in some cases, and we are proud of the many successful companies that have been started based on UAB technologies. However, our primary responsibility as steward of these technologies is to the University, so we must consider whether licensing a technology to the startup company is more likely to create public good and University revenue than licensing it to an established company. Thus, we would likely ask for information on your management team, funding, and business plan in evaluating whether this license opportunity is a good fit for the University. We will consider compensation in the form of equity rather than cash, but again must weigh this compensation versus other licensing opportunities that may be available.
Do you advise or fund companies?
No. However, there are other organizations in the area that do. For example, Innovation Depot is UAB's high-tech business incubator and can provide support services for new businesses, and the Birmingham Venture Club is an organization of those that fund and provide services to businesses.
Can I negotiate and sign license or confidentiality agreements directly with UAB researchers?
No. UAB researchers are not authorized to sign agreements with companies regarding technologies they develop at UAB, because the intellectual property products of their research are assigned to the UABRF as a condition of their employment or matriculation. Confidential disclosure agreements, the assignment of patent rights, and the license of any technology must be negotiated through the UABRF. Any contract you sign directly with a UAB researcher would not be valid if not signed by the UABRF.
How do we manage and monitor the license agreement once signed?
This will depend on the terms of the agreement. However, generally we will expect from you an accounting and payment of your obligations on a regular basis as specified in the contract, for example quarterly. If any of your obligations are triggered by milestones rather than time (for example, a lump sum payment when a drug reaches certain stage in the FDA approval process), we would expect a periodic update on your progress and when you expect to reach the milestone. Our license agreements reserve for us the right to conduct a periodic audit of your compliance with the agreement terms. Feel free to contact us to discuss any issues that arise while an agreement is in effect.
Where can I find more information?
Contact UABRF at RF License.


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Just bought some 90% Lindt dark chocolate this evening and had a couple of squares. Felt like my mouth was drying out! Is this an acquired taste?
I will eat the rest (not all tonight) to see if I get used to it.
My partner bought some Lindy Wasabi chocolate (which we both love) so I am feeling jealous right now as he eats it lol.
'Be yourself, everyone else is taken' - Oscar Wilde
Which part of the catalpa pod are you smoking?I think tobacco tastes better.
To the OP, you don't get to call a 3.5 ounce chocolate bar a binge. It's not a binge until you have to choose between throwing up, passing out, spitting out what you're chewing or trying to stand up for one more waddling, painful trip into the kitchen. I could see 10 or 15 chocolate bars being a binge. But one, two or three - that's just a lot of chocolate. Not a binge.
Last edited by Knifegill; 01-29-2013 at 02:09 PM.
Knifegill is christened to be high carb now!He gives me Lamprey Kisses in the midnight seanotontherug:
the buttstuff...never interested.
Flubby tubby gums latching onto me
For all that I've done wrong, I mastodon something right...
My pony picture thread http://www.marksdailyapple.com/forum/thread82786.html
usually just 1-3 little squares of minimum 70% (prefer 85%). Then there are those days when I melt some grassfed butter with half a bar, add some coconut milk, maybe a tiny bit of honey...... mmmmmmm.... paleo dessert..... great post workout snack!
Re-Starting Paleo January 10, 2013
SW - 185.4 lbs Janury 10, 2013
CW- 179.8 lbs
Goal- 168 lbs Full Performance Level PBF, 32" waist, lean...
"The trouble with quotes on the internet is that it is often difficult to verify their authenticity."
~ Abraham Lincoln
One or two squares of 85 to 90% is typical for me. I just got some Lindt 90% today after not having any for a few weeks. When I first tried 90% I was like Whoa!! I was shocked by the intensity and lesser sweetness than 85%. Now I actually prefer it. Once you accept the flavor for what it is and not expect it to be sweet the taste and intensity is very pleasant.
i eat a row (40g - 100cal) of 85% camino or green & blacks every 2 days or so. last night i had 2 rows...sometimes none.
i can easily eat half a bar, which is pretty good considering i could eat a whole bar in a flash of milk choc based bars back in the day (being last year). whether an amount is "good" or "bad" just depends on you and where you're trying to be.