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Since our beginnings importing Hoosier Tires in 1988, Cardwell Racing Supplies has grown to offer a complete range of high quality and trusted Race Car Components from the United States. It has always been our goal to distribute/import only the highest quality products with proven name brands to the New Zealand racer. With our pricing philosophy and extensive inventory you can expect nothing but the best from Cardwell's.
We utilise the World's most Advanced Torsion Bar Rating Dynamometer alongside our "state of the art" Shock Absorber Dynamometer. These machines, along with our Digital Coil Spring Rater, allow us the ability to accurately test and supply technical data, and make recommendations based on this data for Coil Springs, Torsion Bars, and Shock Absorbers. The importance of this new information and data cannot be overestimated, as good consistent handling wins races – period!
The last 25 years have been most enjoyable, we appreciate your patronage, and will strive to continue importing and distributing the very latest in High Quality U.S.A motorsport products and service.
Yours in Racing Tony Cardwell #8
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text: A big-city blackout galvanizes the plot of the made-for-TV The Night the City Screamed. Recreating recent events in New York City, the film details a crime spree that runs unchecked throughout the darkened metropolis. Mayor Raymond Burr tries to stem the tide of robberies and rapes, even as he labors to becalm the panicky citizens. An all-TV-star cast, including Robert Culp, David Cassidy, Georg Stanford Brown and Don Meredith show up in brief, interlocking vignettes of "fear, panic, greed, hostility, rage and...love" (or so says the film's press kit). The Night the City Screamed was originally telecast December 14, 1980. ~ Hal Erickson, Rovi

subset: commoncrawl


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South Carolinians carry more painkiller prescriptions per person than residents in most other states, a new federal report shows.
Highest and lowest painkiller prescription rates
The following rates represent the average number of painkiller prescriptions per 100 residents.
Top 10
Alabama and Tennessee (tied): 143
West Virginia: 138
Kentucky and Oklahoma (tied): 128
Mississippi: 120
Louisiana: 118
Arkansas: 116
Indiana: 109
Michigan: 107
South Carolina: 102
Ohio: 100
Bottom 10
Hawaii: 52
California: 57
New York: 60
Minnesota: 62
New Jersey: 63
Alaska: 65
South Dakota: 66
Vermont: 67
Illinois: 68
Wyoming: 70
Source: CDC
This includes prescriptions for highly addictive drugs such as OxyContin, Vicodin and methadone.
"South Carolina is sicker in a lot of ways," said Bryan Amick, pharmacy director for the state Medicaid agency and a member of Gov. Nikki Haley's Prescription Drug Abuse Prevention Council.
Other factors influence the high rate of painkiller prescriptions, too, he said. "There's income influence, education level, socioeconomics."
This isn't an issue isolated to South Carolina: Southerners across the region have more painkiller prescriptions per person than any other part of the country, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports in its July Vital Signs issue.
With 143 painkiller prescriptions per 100 people, Alabama and Tennessee tied for the highest painkiller prescription rate in the country. South Carolina's rate is slightly lower - 102 prescriptions per 100 residents.
Catherine Templeton, director of the S.C. Department of Health and Environmental Control, said several recent initiatives should help curb the state's rate.
Those include a more concerted effort to prosecute doctors who knowingly dole out too many painkillers and improving access to a statewide database that tracks how many prescriptions for controlled substances each patient fills, she said.
"First we've got to get (doctors) actually using the database," Templeton said.
Historically, only doctors were able to access that database, and many of them didn't use it because they had no extra time. A new regulation allows office staff to sign onto the system. The council wants to take the regulation one step further by mandating that doctors use it to determine which patients legitimately need painkillers and which ones are only shopping for more drugs.
Only 20 percent of doctors in South Carolina are registered to use the system, and only an estimated 5 percent are actually using it on a regular basis, said Dr. Louis Costa, president of the South Carolina Board of Medical Examiners and a member of the prescription drug abuse prevention council.
"We're not reinventing the wheel," Costa said. "We're looking at proven means and methods that have worked in other states."
The group's statewide plan is due by Oct. 1.
Reach Lauren Sausser at 937-5598.
- Keywords
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All Games
Displaying 97 - 108 of 1768. Need more options? Try the advanced game list.
Dreamfall Chapters21 Oct 2014
Dreamfall Chapters is the long awaited episodic follow-up to the award-winning and bestselling adventure games The Longest Journey...
Gamers: 1
Rating: 9
Popularity: 0
FlatOut 230 Jun 2006
Experience the drive of your life as you throw yourself around on and off the track causing fences to shatter, tyre walls explode,...
Gamers: 2
Popularity: 5
FlatOut7 Dec 2005
It's mayhem with muscle cars! FlatOut delivers a thrilling combination of high-octane racing, smash-em-up demolition derby action,...
Gamers: 1
Popularity: 0
Zork Nemesis: The Forbidden Lands
by Zombie LLCScummVM 29 Feb 1996
In a desolate corner of the Underground Empire, an evil demon torments the Land.
Popularity: 0
The Zork Anthology
by InfocomFrotz
You're on the threshold of a whole new experience, for ahead of you is the extraordinary anthology of the Great Underground Empire.
Popularity: 0
RufaSwap1 Apr 2015
RufaSwap, is a simple permuted picture puzzle where the challenge is to restore the picture elements to their proper order.
Popularity: 0
Gravity Badgers
Step into the space suit of a valiant space badger as he ventures into the deadly depths of deep space to save his friends, family...
Gamers: 1
Popularity: 0
Song of the Myrne: What Lies Beneath1.7.2
What Lies Beneath is a short action-RPG in which you'll explore a dungeon full of traps and monsters (and some other silly things...
Popularity: 0
Antichamber is an explorative first-person puzzle game, set in a labyrinth that conflicts with our understanding of space and physics.
Gamers: 3
Rating: 9.5
Popularity: 0
TONG6 Apr 2014
Sometimes, the total is greater than the sum of the parts.
Popularity: 0
Whispering Willows
In Whispering Willows, the player takes on the role of Elena, a determined young girl with the extraordinary ability to project her...
Popularity: 0
Evil Pumpkin: The Lost Halloween
Meet Lemuel Barnabas. He is not a protagonist in our story, but just look at him - he's scrappy and funny, talks to himself, likes...
Popularity: 0


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The Rev. Robin Hood stands in front of an elementary school in what's known as "The Holy City" — the Chicago neighborhood where the notorious Vice Lords street gang got its start decades ago and still one of the city's most dangerous areas. Half a block away, a group of men hang out in front of a store where they sell dope.
"Someone was shot right there last week," the anti-violence activist says, motioning to a corner across the street, in front of a restaurant where bars cover the windows.
While he talks, kids spill out of the school at the end of another day. Most head off on foot in small groups — older students with younger ones — walking home past boarded-up buildings and vacant lots strewn with trash.
As Chicago prepares to close 54 schools in an attempt to rescue an academically and financially failing educational system, one of its greatest challenges will be safely maneuvering thousands of students to and from class through the patchwork of rival gang territories that cover large parts of the nation's third-largest city.


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Chicago Bulls
5 Best Teams In NBA Heading Into 2014-2015 Season
The NBA season is just two weeks away. Let's break down who the five best teams in the NBA are.
5 Reasons To Be Excited For The NBA Season
Last season was plagued by injuries to the league's most noted stars, but this offseason proved to be full of action: the draft, big announcements, players sporting new jerseys, coaching changes and the controversies – just to name a few.
5 Favorites To Win 2015 NBA Title
With Kevin Love headed to Cleveland, let's take a look at the 5 favorites to win the 2015 NBA title.
Top 5 NBA Starting Lineups After The Kevin Love Trade
Kevin Love has finally been traded. With the deal in place, let's take a look at the top five starting lineups in the NBA…
Bulls, Heat Prepare For Friday's Pivotal Game 3
The Miami Heat and Chicago Bulls are getting ready for Friday's pivotal game 3.
Why No Rose Could Be A Blessing For The Bulls
But I also happen to think this: Playing without Derrick Rose in the playoffs could actually be a very good thing for the Bulls in the long run.
76ers Knock Bulls Out Of Playoffs In 79-78 Nail-Biter
Andre Iguodala made the go-ahead free throws with 2.2 seconds left and the Philadelphia 76ers rallied for a 79-78 victory over the top-seeded Chicago Bulls in Game 6 on Thursday night, advancing to the second round of the Eastern Conference playoffs for the first time since 2003.
Deng, Boozer Lead Bulls Past 76ers 77-69
Luol Deng scored 24 points, Carlos Boozer added 19 points and 13 rebounds, and the Chicago Bulls beat the Philadelphia 76ers 77-69 on Tuesday night to avoid a first-round playoff exit.
Bulls Fall To Sixers 89-82, Trail Series 3-1
Spencer Hawes scored 22 points and Jrue Holiday had 20 to help the surprising Philadelphia 76ers beat the Chicago Bulls 89-82 on Sunday and take a 3-1 lead in their Eastern Conference playoff series.
Without Rose, Bulls Fall To 76ers 109-92
Jrue Holiday scored 26 points, Lou Williams added 20 and the Philadelphia 76ers beat Chicago 109-92 on Tuesday night to even their first-round series in the Bulls' first game since Derrick Rose's season-ending knee injury.


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Exploring Durham
The Sarah P. Duke Gardens comprise one of the premier public garden destinations in the United States, renowned for their landscape design and high quality horticulture. Each year, approximately 300,000 visitors come to Duke Gardens from all over the world.
Duke Gardens feature specialized areas with four distinct gardens, each with its own focus, on 55 acres in the heart of Duke University's campus. There are five miles of pathways throughout, many shaded benches, lawns and spaces to enjoy nature.
The gardens were named among the "Top 10 public gardens in the U.S." by tripadvisor.com, and one of the "South's 10 Best Public Gardens" in Southern Living magazine. They were also honored recently with the American Public Gardens Association's 2013 Horticulture Magazine Award for Garden Excellence.
Duke Gardens also has a café, a gift shop and a visitor center with a rental hall for wedding receptions, meetings and other occasions. Admission is free, and the gardens are open 365 days a year.
Insider Tip: The Gardens offers classes in gardening, photography and natural history, as well as tours, spring break and summer camps, school programs, and volunteer opportunities. For more information, visit www.gardens.duke.edu
The Durham Convention & Visitors Bureau (DCVB) is Durham's official marketing agency. For more information about things to see and do in Durham, visit www.Durham-NC.com and www.DurhamEventCalendar.com, or stop by the Visitors Information Center at 101. E. Morgan St. in Downtown Durham and pick up the Official Durham Visitor & Relocation Guide.


text:
- Sales Date 1998/11/27
- CastHitomi Kobayashi
- Label/Maker KUKI / KUKI DIGITAL
- Series
- Running Time --
Hitomi Kobayashi, born in Tokyo on 9/2/1965, Virgo, T152, B82, W57, H82. We cannot talk about AV without her. She is a legend of AV. She is like a founder of the AV world!! She was so sexy and hot and fascinates us since she made her debut in 1998. The white skins and small nipples were so erotic. Her passionate sex scenes are unforgettable. Two titles of Topaz and Black pearl from old Velvet Blue are on this 100 minute long DVD video.
- Director
- Item Number KDV024
- Release Date


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Feb. 18, 2008
WORCESTER, Mass. - Junior forward Alex Vander Baan (Uxbridge, Mass.) has been named the GoHolyCross.com Crusader of the Week, for competition from February 11-17. Vander Baan led the Holy Cross men's basketball team to a pair of road victories last week, against Army and Bucknell.
In Thursday's 64-53 win at Army, Vander Baan totaled 13 points, seven rebounds and two assists, while hitting four of five shots from the field. Then in the 63-53 victory at Bucknell on Saturday, he recorded 14 points, five rebounds and three steals, including a 10 of 12 performance at the free throw line. Over the course of the week, Vander Baan made 66.7 percent (six of nine) of his field goal attempts and 77.8 percent (14 of 18) of his free throws.
On the season, Vander Baan is now averaging 8.9 points and a team-best 5.8 rebounds per game, while making 73.4 percent (47 of 64) of his free throw attempts. Over the course of his Holy Cross career, he has totaled 574 points, 443 rebounds, 122 assists, 64 steals and 27 blocked shots.
The Crusaders (14-10 overall, 5-6 Patriot League) return to action on Wednesday, February 20, when they travel to Navy for a 7:00 p.m. game.


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Hold down Control (PC) or Command (Mac) key + mouseclick to select more than one option
|Avg. Dinner Entrée
|Greater than $25
|$18.01 - $25
|$12.01 - $18
|$7.01 - $12
|Less than $7
Posted by Rob on 04/24/2012
The chicken was great
Posted by Allen on 02/18/2012
I just don't get it. Why does the service and almost EVERY pizza place in Murray Hill/Gramercy just flat out suck (with the exception of Franks on 23rd)?! My criteria now is that the order taker at least speak English. Thats why I ordered from this place. I asked for very little cheese/extra sauce on my pizza and got the opposite. The sauce tasted like bad Prego and the pizza was soggy. We also ordered mozzarella sticks which were probably not made in house and tasted like they were frozen. The calzone was sloppily put together and was unappetizing I know good pizza. Ive been to the best and most renowned places in ny and brooklyn. I dont ask for much for my delivered pizza though - just taste good - no frills. Bottom line, I will never recommend this place and will have to keep searching for ONE decent pizza delivery restaurant in the area...
Posted by Frank on 10/19/2011
Just ate there over the weekend. Very, very good. I have high standards, and I was impressed. Had a baked ziti slice, and a veggie slice. It was a little crowded and it's kind of narrow to place your order, but there's lots of seats. Fair prices as well.
Posted by love rockys on 09/01/2011
the pizza is always fresh and delicious amazing pizza siciliana... my favorit i love rockys...
Posted by Judy on 05/25/2011
Stopped in for a slice or mushroom/artichoke pizza. It was cream of spinach soup and couldn't eat it because everything slid off the dough. Wet, unappetizing, pizza, asked for a plain slice after one bite and $4.75. Was told no.
Posted by Danny on 04/18/2011
I was only hitting this place up for pizza at first (which is amazing, btw), but I just finished their penne vodka and it was redonkulous! Amazing spaghetti and meatballs, too. This really is the best inexpensive italian restaurant in NYC. I like the service, as well. If you're respectful to them, they're twice as respectful back to you. Great place to hit up at 2 am, also. Madd props, Rocky's!
Posted by Jason K on 04/12/2011
I know my way around New York, and Brooklyn. I'm also half-Italian, and used to live in Long Island, so I know Pizza. This is is a Top 5 pizza restaurant in New York. Hands down. I always eat there, so I don't know about delivery, but it's usually very crowded. It's also open late, which is helpful. Vodka slices are excellent, and regular cheese slices are top notch. (They have a brick oven) Veggies are always fresh, too. Highly recommended!


text:
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Baseball Lands 11 on Academic Honor Roll
Toby Schwartz led the Leopards with a 3.88 GPA
Monmouth Tops Baseball in Midweek Contest
Leopards fall in 9-2 decision
2014 Baseball Season Preview
Leopards open 2014 campaign with weekend series at VMI
2014: Made one start and one relief appearance as a freshman…Gave up an unearned run on one hit in two-thirds of an inning during his collegiate debut at Penn on March 22…Made a start on April 23 against Monmouth, pitching three innings and striking out one while allowing three hits and one unearned run… Patriot League Academic Honor Roll.
Lafayette Athletics, as a partner in the mission of the College, provides an incredibly effective learning experience for student-athletes through competitive NCAA Division I athletics. Lafayette sponsors 23 varsity sports with more than 600 student-athletes.Mission Statement | Leopard Tradition | Staff Directory | Feedback
The Lafayette Sports Network (LSN) handles all multimedia elements and advertising sales for athletics at Lafayette College. LSN is the Patriot League leader in delivering high-quality programming worldwide via television, radio, streaming video and satellite.Advertising and Sponsorships | Digital Media | LSN TV


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Science Watch
It's good to be the king, right? Well, not necessarily. Some people thrive in high-status positions, but others don't-and according to an article in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (Vol. 90, No. 6)-that may be because status-seekers have a higher baseline level of testosterone than other people.
In the study, University of Texas at Austin psychology professor Robert Josephs, PhD, and his colleagues put people into artificial "high-status" and "low-status" positions by having them compete in a rigged set of tasks in the lab. They found that people with high testosterone levels got stressed out and performed worse on cognitive tests when they were forced into low-status positions. People with low testosterone levels, though, actually performed better in the low-status position than in the high-status one.
"We were surprised," says Josephs. "Evolutionary theory would suggest that everyone craves high status because high status is associated with reproductive success. So we were expecting that, when given the opportunity to lead or be in a position of power, everyone would either be indifferent or jump at it."
Instead, it appears that a sizeable number of low-testosterone people actually seem to prefer to avoid leadership roles, he says.
Artificial power
In the study, Josephs and his colleagues tested 92 undergraduates who came to the lab in same-sex pairs. Each participant first gave a saliva sample so that the researchers could test testosterone levels. Then, the experimenter told the participants that they would be taking three intelligence tests. The first test, however, was really a status manipulation: Participants had to complete a number-ordering task, but one person's task was, unbeknownst to each participant pair, much longer than the other person's. Each participant had to raise a hand when he or she completed the test, so that both participants would know who finished first.
Next, both the person assigned the "dominant" status (the one who got the easy version of the number-ordering task and so finished first) and the person assigned the "submissive" status (the one who got the difficult version of the task) took a test that was really a measure of implicit status concerns. They solved a series of word-search puzzles in which they had to find the names of professions of varying status, such as lawyer, paralegal, doctor, hygienist, president and secretary.
Finally, both participants completed a 20-question portion of the analytic section of the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), which measures cognitive functioning. To motivate participants to do well on all the tests, the experimenter told them that their scores on each would be combined into a final score to see who won or lost.
The researchers found that the high-testosterone men and women-those who scored in the upper third of testosterone levels for their gender-scored better on the GRE when they were in the high-status condition than in the low-status condition (10.67 questions correct versus 6.75 questions correct). But the low-testosterone subjects-those in the bottom third of testosterone levels for their gender-scored worse when placed in the high-status condition than in the low-status condition (7.25 correct versus 9.25 correct).
Participants also paid more attention to status-they found more of the status-related words in the word-search task-when their testosterone levels and status levels were mismatched. And in a second experiment in the study, the researchers monitored participants' heart rate-a measure of stress-and found that heart rate also increased when testosterone and status were mismatched: Low-testosterone people had higher heart rates when placed in the high-status position, and high-testosterone people had higher heart rates when place in the low-status position.
Interestingly, though, people seem largely unaware of their own status preferences. In their final experiment in the study, the researchers asked each participant to fill out a questionnaire about his or her desire for dominance and power before completing the tests. They found these self-reports didn't do nearly as good a job at predicting the participants' reactions to status position as the saliva testosterone levels did.
Evolution and cooperation
Evolutionary psychologist Mark Van Vugt, PhD, of the University of Kent in England, says that the new study is both surprising and clever. "We've always assumed that because status gives so many benefits, everyone would strive for status to the same degree," he says.
And, says Josephs, there hasn't been much research before this on low-status, submissive individuals-either in the human or the animal world.
"The spotlight and focus of the literature is on high status," he says. "So the picture that's emerged is that you have these dominance battles among alpha males, with subordinates hugging the walls waiting to get table scraps but not in any way players in the drama."
The new research, Josephs says, suggests that low-testosterone individuals who are comfortable in low-status positions also play an important evolutionary role.
Not everyone can be a leader, and if everyone were constantly fighting for the few available leadership positions, then society wouldn't work nearly as well. From a societal perspective it makes sense, he says, for some people to function better as followers.
"You might think, 'I'd like to be on the throne wearing the crown,' but not everyone has the nervous system to deal with that," says Josephs. "People who are low in testosterone and put in subordinate positions tend to be relaxed and comfortable. They function well."
Van Vugt agrees that, evolutionarily speaking, the results may make sense: "Sometimes it might actually be safer for you to be a low-status individual, so that you don't have to always be in competition with other people," he says.
Also, Josephs points out, status mismatch may be a uniquely human experience. In the animal world creatures are rarely thrust into positions of power unwillingly: Alpha males fight their way to the top. But in the human world accidents of birth, fortune or intelligence can move people who might prefer to remain in the shadows into the spotlight.
In future studies, Josephs and his colleagues may examine whether there are any gender differences in how testosterone affects status-seeking.
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text:
The Golden Globes press room is a special place. Packed with reporters in black-tie garb munching on chocolate chip cookies and typing away on iPads, it's where the winners come immediately after grabbing hold of their statues. On the left side of the room is a photo area, and though it's blocked off, you can hear the shrieks of laughter and excited, wine-fueled revelry. That's the vibe of the Globes: It's a party and everyone, even us dorky journalists, are invited. *Pauses to take bite of cookie*
It's particularly fun getting to watch the stars have their moment and enjoy it, because they are all generally adorable, awkward and open the whole time. Sometimes it gets straight=up weird, but that's the whole point of the night, right? Here are the 20 Best Backstage Moments From The Golden Globe — a.k.a. the stuff you didn't get to see but wish you had —- in no particular order. Because really…how could you pick a fave?


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This week, the Engadget Mobile Podcast is freer than free 4G and now features 1000% more Sacha Segan. So what are you waiting for, really?Hosts: Myriam Joire (tnkgrl), Brad Molen, Joseph VolpeGuest: Sacha SeganProducer: Trent WolbeMusic: Tycho - Coastal Brake (Ghostly International)00:01:40 - The iPad Wins Because Android Tablet Apps Suck: An Illustrated Guide00:10:23 - Android Lacks Focus, and It's a Problem00:29:42 - New iPad's Screen Hogs Battery Power00:45:10 - AT&T rolls out Android 4.0 to HTC Vivid, other devices getting ICS in the 'coming months'00:56:53 - FreedomPop rumored to introduce iPhone case with free WiMAX service00:58:30 - NetZero launches '4G' wireless service, we go hands-on01:04:10 - Samsung Galaxy Tab 7.7 review (Verizon Wireless LTE)01:15:30 - Verizon updates Revolution with Remote Diagnostics, HTC turns to LogMeIn01:25:30 - HTC and Sprint ready to show off a new 'collaboration' April 4th, might be the One X01:32:05 - Nokia to Apple: don't cha wish your nano-SIM was hot like ours?01:43:00 - Apple's nano-SIM proposal draws fire from Motorola, Nokia, RIM01:44:50 - Galaxy Note ICS upgrade pushed back to Q2, adds exclusive set of stylus-ready apps (video)01:49:00 - FCC weighs Dish 4G network and 700MHz interoperability (updated)Hear the podcastSubscribe to the podcast[iTunes] Subscribe to the Podcast directly in iTunes[RSS MP3] Add the Engadget Mobile Podcast feed (in MP3) to your RSS aggregator and have the show delivered automatically[RSS AAC] Add the Engadget Mobile Podcast feed (in enhanced AAC) to your RSS aggregator[Zune] Subscribe to the Podcast directly in the Zune MarketplaceDownload the podcastLISTEN (MP3)LISTEN (AAC)Contact the podcastpodcast (at) engadgetmobile (dot) com.Follow us on Twitter@tnkgrl @phonewisdom @engadgetmobile @jrvolpe @saschaseganEngadget Mobile Podcast 131 - 03.25.2012 originally appeared on Engadget on Sun, 25 Mar 2012 19:13:00 EDT. Please see our terms for use of feeds.Permalink | | Email this | Comments
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Published: March 25, 2012 7:13 PM


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Latest News
San Jose's return to the MLS Cup Playoffs is No. 3 in our countdown
Wed, 12/08/2010
Quakes GM Doyle will visit sister club Internacional of Brazil
Wed, 12/08/2010
Peri Marosevic scored in the Generation adidas' 1-0 defeat of Rayo Vallecano.
Photo Credit:
Getty Images
FC Dallas' Marosevic scores game-winner; Cruz sees red
Tue, 12/07/2010
San Jose's 1-0 win against rival LA at Buck Shaw Stadium is No. 4 in our countdown
Tue, 12/07/2010
Coach finally delivered Quakes into playoffs, but now it's harder
Tue, 12/07/2010
Help for Wondo, adding depth key as Quakes look to build
Mon, 12/06/2010
Technical staff has trips to Japan, Ghana, College Cup planned for scouting efforts
Mon, 12/06/2010
Grand opening of the Nutrilite Training Facility cracks the top-five memorable moments of 2010
Mon, 12/06/2010
San Jose Earthquakes U-18 Academy Jesus Guzman 110610 vs. Sounders FC
Photo Credit:
Chris Coulter / SoundersPhotos.com
U-18s go 1-1-0 in opening weekend of Development Academy Winter Showcase in Phoenix
Mon, 12/06/2010
Wondo, Convey, Busch helped Quakes finally get over playoff hump
Sat, 12/04/2010
List of 35 players include big names like Angel, Schelotto, Wolff
Fri, 12/03/2010
Full details of the first-ever MLS Re-Entry mechanism
Fri, 12/03/2010
MLS Communications
SJ declines options on geovanni, Eduardo, Glen and Stephenson
Fri, 12/03/2010
Geovanni's signing as the first DP in Earthquakes history checks in at No. 6
Fri, 12/03/2010
A glimpse at the venues that will host the 2022 World Cup
Fri, 12/03/2010


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Privacy and Cookies
India's Kingfisher Airlines will commence once-daily direct flights between Kolkata and Bangkok, Thailand on 14 August.
It will operate an Airbus A320 aircraft with 174 seats in an all-economy class configuration, says a Kingfisher spokesman in Mumbai.
On 13 June, Kingfisher said that it would cancel services from Bangalore to London and Colombo due to poor loads and yields. However, it added that it planned to launch eight other international routes by end-2009.
It plans to start Mumbai-Singapore and Mumbai-Hong Kong daily direct flights from 16 September using its Airbus A330-200 aircraft. It has also applied for permission to begin New Delhi-London flights using the A330-200, its first international route from India's capital. It plans to start New Delhi-Bangkok and New Delhi-Dubai flights using its Airbus A320 aircraft later in the year.
"The plan to launch these new services is consistent with our goal of redeploying capacity on routes with better yields as compared to domestic sectors. Our assessment of travel behaviour in these markets, flyer preferences and projected demand indicates promising potential on these eight new international routes," Kingfisher said then.


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About 10,000 incoming freshmen at state colleges enroll in no-credit remedial courses across Connecticut every year.
This year, that number will drop to zero.
The courses will no longer be offered at state colleges once Public Act 12-40 goes into effect this fall semester.
Signed by Gov. Dannel P. Malloy in 2012, the act requires colleges to abandon lower-level, no-credit remedial courses and embed support into entry-level courses or a college-readiness program.


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The LG Escape Gets Official With a Low Price Point on Ma'Bell
Android is everywhere! It is in all types of different phones and tablets from the highest end of the market to the lowest, but every once and a while a new Android handset perfectly meets somewhere in the middle of specs affordable pricing. The new LG Escape is one of those options. This amazing new handset bridges the affordability gap between the top of the totem pole flagship devices and the bottom that is filled with feature phones. The LG Escape has had a long arduous journey that has finally come to the starting line. A new budget minded Android device has hit the ranks of At&t' 4G LTE network, let's see what it has to offer.
The LG Escape was first spotted way back in the early days of August as it made its way through the halls of the FCC seeking approval for us silly consumers. During its stay in Uncle Sam's house the Escape went by its birth name the LG P870. While its filing with the government didn't show off any exact specs, its destiny with Ma' Bell was all but confirmed. Fast forward to just yesterday and we see a leak of the LG Escape from the infamous EVLeaks. One day later, as not to let the juice slip, At&t announces the LG Escape as an official 4G LTE offering on their network. Availability of the new LG Escape is set to commence on September 16th and it will start at $50 bucks alongside a new two year contract. So what can you expect from a fifty dollar, LG made Android phone running on one of the fastest 4G LTE networks around? Awesome…that's what. The LG Escape comes into this world running Android version 4.0 and is skinned up in Optimus form just as you'd expect from LG. The screen measures in at 4.3 inches and sports qHD true color IPS LCD technologies that offer up a 540×960 pixel resolution at 256 pixels per inch. Internally we can expect this bad boy to run with a dual core 1.2 GHz processor with 4GB of Ram and expandable microSDHC memory. The Escape also offers up a 5 mega pixel camera that knows all the old dog tricks including, HDR modes, auto focus, panorama and even 1080p HD video recording. An additional front facing 1.3 mega pixel camera can also be spotted up front. Additional connectivity comes from Bluetooth version 4.0, Wi-Fi, microUSB 2.0 and NFC. A rather large 2150 mAh battery makes it all come together while At&t's legendary 4G LTE network is in full swing.
While some specs may be lacking compared to the higher end flagships, this is one solid little phone for fifty bucks, anyone interested? It will be made available on September 16th, anyone? Sound off in the comments below and let us know what you think of this new LG Escape masterpiece. But before you go be sure to check out all the very best in LG Accessories here.hd, specs, 1.2 GHZ, pricing, camera


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|Thursday, 04 March 2010 11:01
February 6, 1930
Mrs. Janie Redford died at the home of her daughter, Mrs. Day Davidson in the Game section, last Friday, leaving two children: Mrs. Davidson and Mr. Earl Redford of California. She was the last of her generation to pass away. Mrs. Redford was a Miss Lewis before her marriage. She was an excellent lady who numbered her friends by her acquaintances. The remains were interred in the family burying ground beside those of her late husband.
Three Glasgow Brothers Badly Injured in Wreck. Three Glasgow brothers are at the City Hospital with injuries sustained when a truck load of furniture turned over on the auto in which they were driving. The accident occurred on the Dixie Highway near Pleasure Ridge. Garnett Brown, driver of the car, suffered a broken right leg; Chester Brown also suffered a broken right leg; Carl Brown was cut on the head and face. Raymond Cowell of Nashville, driver of the truck, was not injured but was arrested for assault and battery.
Hotel Owens, Horse Cave, Burns with All Contents. Hotel Owens at Horse Cave burned Thursday night of last week. The fire was discovered about two o'clock in the morning and within an hour was a mass of smoldering ruins. Mr. W. B. Murphree, who is connected with the R. J. Reynolds Company, suffered a sprained ankle, and one fireman, Wayne Combs, was injured. Guests and other occupants were compelled to flee in their night clothes, and many of them lost everything they had in the hotel. Origin of the fire is unknown. The hotel was the property of Mr. Clarence Owens and was covered by insurance.
From Lucas: Mr. William Vibbert has finished his new blacksmith shop and is ready for work……Rube, Jack and Clayton Britt helped kill hogs at John Carver's last week……While Ed Bush and Bufford Greer were cutting wood a few days ago, part of a tree fell on Uncle Johnnie "Grubbins" Britt, but he was not seriously injured.
Thieves broke into the store of C. A. Ray at Rocky Hill Saturday night and stole men's and boys' clothing to the amount of $800. The Ray store is near the Rocky Hill bank which was robbed about two weeks ago. Police at Bowling Green were called and believe the robbers used a Chevrolet coach which was stolen on the streets of Bowling Green Saturday night. Part of the stolen goods were found two miles north of Rocky Hill on the Dixie Highway, and beside the goods was a license plate stolen from the car.
Born to Mr. and Mrs. H. E. Gregory at their home on Columbia Avenue on February 3, twin girls, Patricia Jean, 7 pounds, and Carolyn Jane, 6-1/2 pounds.
Interesting Items from Glasgow Junction. Miss Ruth Alexander was a guest of Sammie Lee Gray Saturday night……Mr. Berton and Johnie McDonald have each purchased a new car……Mr. and Mrs. Tom Houchens visited his sister, Mrs. Willie McDonald, Saturday night and Sunday.
AD Where Dollars Do Their Duty. Pure cane sugar, per 100 lbs, $5.65; sour kraut, large size, 3 cans for 24 cents; lye hominy, 3 cans, 24 cents; Gilt Edge flour, per 100 lbs., in cloth bags, $3.25; pinto beans, per 100 lbs., $6.50. Cherry's Cash Grocery and Meat Market. All orders over 50 cents delivered.
Mr. A. R. Vaughn has installed another chair in his barber shop in the basement of the Goff building, now having a six-chair shop and as many barbers.
"Mack's Little Plumber." Mr. W. F. McShane has opened a new plumbing establishment next door to the Brown Bakery. Mr. McShane's work in Glasgow has established him as a master of his trade and the city welcomes such progressive, enterprising young business men as citizens.
Takes Over Local Hotel. Hotel Spotswood has changed hands again, Mr. Bernol Ross and his associates having disposed of their lease in Bowling Green. They have associated themselves with Mr. Chris D. Watson, of this place, so that the new firm will be composed of Messrs. C. W. Lampton, R. D. Graham and Chris D. Watson. Messrs. Johnny Eubank and Earl Redford will continue as manager and assistant manager. Mr. Graham will be here for a few weeks and will at once begin renovating the hotel by putting in an elevator and making other badly needed improvements.
From Poplar Grove: Mr. Dexter Bacon and Miss Helen Miller were married in Jeffersonville one day recently……Mr. Lawrence Reneau has purchased a Chevrolet coach……Mr. Ted Rich has purchased a Dodge coupe……Most of the farmers in this vicinity are burning plant beds, getting ready to put out another large crop of tobacco.
Mr. Lee Owen Stephens and Mr. Lance Franklin of the Slick Rock country and Mr. Carlos Reese of the Echo country left on February 17 for Modesto, California to make their home. They will make the trip in a new Ford roadster.
Mr. Flem Underwood has returned from Red Boiling Springs where he has been taking baths for rheumatism and he is much improved……Miss Catherine Curd left Tuesday for New Orleans where she will meet with her sister, Miss Mary Curd, who has been on an extended Western trip. The Misses Curd will return in about two weeks.
From Merry Oaks: Mr. and Mrs. George Bellamy are the proud parents of a big boy……Mrs. Cecil Payne and daughter Wanda Louis visited her mother, Mrs. J.M. Shaw, last Saturday……Those who visited at Mr. L. A. Pennycuff's on Sunday were Mr. and Mrs. Raymond Bridges and daughter and Mr. and Mrs. Kelmer Pennycuff and son.
Last Saturday morning as a Glasgow party consisting of Mrs. Perry Coffman, Mrs. Howell Pedigo, Misses Alice Rogers and Babe Richardson were on their way to Louisville in Mr. Joe Richardson's new Studebaker, they were involved in a serious auto accident. When about three miles beyond Elizabethtown, Mrs. Coffman, who was driving, lost control of the car, which turned over twice and landed in a 10-foot ditch. Mrs. Pedigo was badly bruised but the others escaped without injury. The entire party was brought back to E-town, where they boarded a train for home. The car was completely demolished, and the wonder is that anyone escaped without serious injury.


text:
Provided is a composition comprising a fluoropolymer comprising interpolymerized units derived from a nitrile cure site monomer, and an amino-substituted aromatic curative compound having at least one substituent other than hydrogen, wherein the net effect of the substituent(s) is not electron withdrawing, the curative has a pKa above about 12, the compound may contain one or more heteroatom(s) provided that no heteroatom directly bonded to a hydrogen is in the position ortho to the amino group, and one or more substituents may together form a ring, which ring may be aromatic and may include one or more heteroatoms(s). Also provided are the reaction products of the fluoropolymer and the curative described, cured articles, and a method of making the fluoropolymer compositions and articles.
1. A composition comprising:
(a) a fluoropolymer comprising interpolymerized units derived from a nitrogen-containing cure site monomer; and
(b) an aromatic curative compound having
an NH2 substituent and
at least one additional substituent other than hydrogen, wherein the net effect of the additional substituent(s) is not electron withdrawing, the curative has a pKa above about 12, the compound may contain one or more heteroatom(s) provided that no heteroatom directly bonded to a hydrogen is in the position ortho to the NH2 substituent, and one or more of the additional substituents may together form a ring, which ring may be aromatic and may include one or more heteroatom(s).
2. The composition according to
3. The composition of
4. The composition of
5. The composition of
6. The composition of
7. The composition of
8. The composition of
9. The composition of
10. The composition of
11. The composition of
12. The composition of
13. The composition of
14. The reaction product of parts (a) and (b) of
15. An article comprising the composition of
16. A method of making a fluoropolymer composition comprising:
(a) providing a fluoropolymer comprising interpolymerized units derived from a nitrile cure site monomer,
(b) providing an aromatic curative compound having
an NH2 substituent and
at least one additional substituent other than hydrogen, said additional substituent(s) not including a heteroatom that is directly bonded to a hydrogen and in the position ortho to the NH2 substituent, wherein the net effect of the additional substituent(s) is not electron withdrawing, the curative has a pKa above about 12, the compound may contain one or more heteroatoms(s), and one or more of the additional substituents may together form a ring, which ring may be aromatic and may include one or more heteroatom(s); and
(c) blending the fluoropolymer with the curative.
17. The method of
18. The method of
This invention relates to compositions of fluoropolymers having nitrogen-containing cure sites and amino substituted aromatic curative compounds, making and/or curing such compositions, and articles comprising such compositions.
Fluoropolymers are commercially useful materials. Fluoropolymers include, for example, crosslinked fluoroelastomers, and uncrosslinked fluoroelastomer gums. Certain fluoroelastomers are tolerant of high temperatures and harsh chemical environments, and thus are particularly useful as seals, gaskets, and other molded parts in systems that are exposed to elevated temperatures and/or harsh chemicals. Such parts are widely used in the automotive, chemical processing, semiconductor, aerospace, and petroleum industries, among others.
Briefly, the present invention provides a composition comprising a fluoropolymer comprising interpolymerized units derived from a nitrogen-containing cure site monomer, and an amino-substituted aromatic curative compound having at least one substituent other than hydrogen, wherein the net effect of the substituent(s) is not electron withdrawing, the curative has a pKa above about 12, the compound may contain one or more heteroatom(s) provided that no heteroatom directly bonded to a hydrogen is in the position ortho to the amino group, and one or more substituents may together form a ring, which ring may be aromatic and may include one or more heteroatoms(s).
In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of making a fluoropolymer composition comprising (a) providing a fluoropolymer comprising interpolymerized units derived from a nitrogen-containing cure site monomer, (b) providing an amino-substituted aromatic curative compound having at least one substituent other than hydrogen, said substituent(s) not including a heteroatom directly bonded to a hydrogen in the position ortho to the amino group, wherein the net effect of the substituent(s) is not electron withdrawing, the curative has a pKa above about 12, the compound may contain one or more heteroatoms(s), and one or more substituents may together form a ring, which ring may be aromatic and may include one or more heteroatoms(s), and blending the fluoropolymer with the curative.
The invention also provides articles containing the curable or cured compositions such as sheets, films, hoses, gaskets, seals, and O-rings. The invention is particularly desirable for articles with good physical properties and low compression set at high temperatures. The invention has high temperature resistance (better than aminophenol and peroxide systems) without scorch (premature curing) problems associated with ammonia-generating compounds.
Other features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of the invention and the claims. The above summary of principles of the disclosure is not intended to describe each illustrated embodiment or every implementation of the present disclosure. The details that follow more particularly exemplify certain preferred embodiments utilizing the principles disclosed herein.
The present invention provides a fluoroelastomer composition. This includes a fluoropolymer comprising interpolymerized units derived from a nitrogen-containing cure site monomer, and an amino-substituted aromatic curative compound. The curative compound can generally be described as having at least one substituent other than hydrogen, and the net effect of the substituent(s) is not electron withdrawing, a pKa above about 12, the compound may contain one or more heteroatom(s) provided that no heteroatom directly bonded to a hydrogen is in the position ortho to the amino group, and one or more substituents may together form a ring, which ring may be aromatic and may include one or more heteroatoms(s).
The chemical group descriptions used in this document are described below and are known in the field, and these descriptions are not intended to change accepted meanings. "Amino-substituted" means NH2-substituted. "Alkyl" means a C1-C15 aliphatic hydrocarbon group that may be linear or branched, and in some embodiments C1 to about C10. "Branched" means that one or more lower alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, or propyl are attached to a linear alkyl chain. "Alkenyl" means a C2 to about C15 (more preferably C2 to about C10, and in other embodiments more preferably C2 to about C6) aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing a carbon-carbon double bond and which may be straight or branched. These groups also may be substituted by one or more halo atoms, cycloalkyl, or cycloalkenyl groups. "Aryl" means a C6 to about C12 aromatic carbocyclic radical containing. Exemplary aryl groups include phenyl or naphthyl optionally substituted with one or more aryl group substituents which may be the same or different, where "aryl group substituent" includes hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, aralkyl, aralkenyl, aralkynyl, heteroaralkyl, heteroaralkenyl, heteroaralkynyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, aralkoxy, acyl, aroyl, halo, nitro, cyano, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, aralkoxycarbonyl, acylamino, aroylamino, and other known groups. "Hetero" means oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur in place of one or more carbon atoms.
Combinations of these groups are also useful. For example, "cycloalkyl" means a C3 to about C12 non-aromatic mono- or multicyclic ring system. Exemplary cycloalkyl rings include cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and cycloheptyl. "Cycloalkenyl" means a C3 to about C10 non-aromatic monocyclic or multicyclic ring system containing a carbon-carbon double bond. "Alkaryl" means an aryl-alkyl- group in which the aryl and alkyl are as previously described. "Alkenylaryl" means an aryl-alkenyl- group in which the aryl and alkenyl are as previously described. These groups also may be substituted by one or more halo atoms, or methylene, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aralkyl, heteroaralkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl groups.
Fluoroelastomers useful in the present invention are derived from one or more fluorinated monomer(s) and optionally one or more non-fluorinated comonomer(s), along with interpolymerized units derived from a nitrile-containing cure site monomer.
The fluoroelastomer compositions of the invention are derived from interpolymerized units of fluorinated monomers such as those having the formula CF2═CX—Rf, wherein X is H, F, CF3, or CH3, Rf is fluorine or a C1-C8 fluoroalkyl. Optional comonomers include hydrogen-containing C2-C9 olefins, which have less than half of the hydrogen atoms substituted with fluorine, more preferably less than one-fourth of the hydrogen atoms substituted with fluorine, and which are non-fluorinated in other embodiments. Suitable examples of fluorinated monomers include tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, and chlorotrifluoroethylene.
Hydrogen-containing olefins useful in the invention include those of the formula CX2═CX—R, wherein each X is, independently, hydrogen or fluorine or chlorine, R is hydrogen, fluorine, or a C1-C12, preferably C1-C3, alkyl. Preferred olefins include partially-fluorinated monomers (e.g., vinylidene fluoride) or hydrogen-containing monomers such as olefins including α-olefins (e.g., ethylene, propylene, butene, pentene, hexene, and the like). Combinations of the above-mentioned materials are also useful.
When the fluoroelastomer is not perfluorinated, it contains from about 5 to about 90 mol % of its interpolymerized units derived from TFE, CTFE, and/or HFP, from about 5 to about 90 mol % of its interpolymerized units derived from VDF, ethylene, and/or propylene, up to about 40 mol % of its interpolymerized units derived from a vinyl ether. Perfluoroelastomers also are useful in the present invention. These materials
Perfluorinated vinyl ethers also are suitable as comonomers in the present invention. Such perfluorovinylethers include, for example, CF2═CFOCF3, CF2═CFOCF2CF2OCF3, CF2═CFOCF2CF2CF2OCF3, CF2═CFOCF2CF2CF3, CF2═CFOCF2CF(CF3)OCF2CF2CF3, and CF2═CFOCF2CF(CF3)OCF2CF(CF3)OCF2CF2CF3.
One example of a useful fluoroelastomer is composed of principal monomer units of tetrafluoroethylene and at least one perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether. In such copolymers, the copolymerized perfluorinated ether units constitute from about 1 to about 60 mol % (more preferably 10 to 40 mol %) of total monomer units present in the polymer.
The cure site component is involved in curing the fluoroelastomers of the invention. The cure site component can be partially or fully fluorinated. At least one cure site component of at least one fluoropolymer comprises a nitrogen-containing group. Examples of nitrogen-containing groups useful in the cure site monomers of the present invention include nitrile, imidate, and amidine groups. Some preferred cure site monomers in the fluoroelastomer of the invention include nitrile-containing cure site monomers. These include nitrile-containing fluorinated olefins and nitrile-containing fluorinated vinyl ethers, such as: CF2═CFO(CF2)LCN;
An effective amount of cure site monomer is used in the fluoroelastomer to achieve the desired results. For example, this amount is increased to increase crosslink density of a cured article. The amount of cure site monomer in the fluoroelastomer preferably ranges from at least about 0.001 mol %, more preferably at least about 0.01 mol %. The amount of cure site monomer in the fluoroelastomer preferably ranges from below about 5 mol %, more preferably below about 3 mol %.
The fluoroelastomers may be prepared by methods known in the art. For example, the polymerization process can be carried out by free-radical polymerization of the monomers alone or as solutions, emulsions, or dispersions in an organic solvent or water. Polymerization in an aqueous emulsion or suspension often is preferred because of the rapid and nearly complete conversion of monomers, easy removal of the heat of polymerization, and ready isolation of the polymer. Emulsion or suspension polymerization typically involves polymerizing monomers in an aqueous medium in the presence of an inorganic free-radical initiator system, such as ammonium persulfate (APS) or potassium permanganate, and a surfactant or suspending agent.
Aqueous emulsion polymerization can be carried out continuously under steady-state conditions in which, for example, monomers, water, surfactants, buffers, and catalysts are fed continuously to a stirred reactor under optimum pressure and temperature conditions while the resulting emulsion or suspension is removed continuously. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,789,489. An alternative technique is batch or semibatch polymerization by feeding the ingredients into a stirred reactor and allowing them to react at a set temperature for a specified length of time or by charging ingredients into the reactor and feeding the monomer into the reactor to maintain a constant pressure until a desired amount of polymer is formed.
The free-radical polymerization process can also be carried out in the presence of a perfluorosulfinate and an oxidizing agent to improve the processability of the resulting fluoropolymer composition. Such oxidizing agents are water soluble and capable of converting the sulfinate to a sulfonyl moiety. The produced sulfonyl radical is believed to eliminate SO2 and form a fluorinated radical that initiates the polymerization of the ethylenically unsaturated monomers. A number of useful oxidizing agents are known as taught in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,285,002 and 5,639,837. Representative examples of such useful oxidizing agents are sodium, potassium, and ammonium persulfates, perphosphates, perborates, percarbonates, bromates, chlorates, and hypochlorites. Other useful oxidizing agents include Cerium compounds such as (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6. The amount of oxidizing agent used can vary depending on the particular oxidizing agent and sulfinate employed. Typically an equimolar amount or less (based on the amount of sulfinate) is used. Perfluorosulfinates useful for this purpose include those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,285,002 and 5,378,782.
Most commercially employed fluoropolymer curative systems involve nitriles, peroxides, dinucleophilics (e.g., bisphenols), and irradiation. Curative systems used with nitrile cure systems have included tetraphenyltin, ammonium, and ammonia generating compounds, as well as nitrogen containing nucleophilic compounds such as bis(aminophenols), bis(aminothiophenols), heterocyclic secondary amines, and guanidines, among others.
This invention uses curative systems based on amino-substituted aromatic compounds having at least one substituent other than hydrogen. The substituent may or may not be aromatic. These compounds may also be part of a dual curative system. It is preferred to use compounds where the amine nitrogen is electron dense. These electron dense amino substituted aromatic compounds surprisingly improve heat aging properties such as elongation at break.
Thus it is preferable to not include electron withdrawing groups on the aromatic moiety or, if multiple substituents are included it is preferable to have an overall non-electron withdrawing effect on the amine nitrogen. Electron donating substituents are preferred. The aromatic moiety of the amino substituted aromatic compound may be selected from a number of materials including but not limited to benzenes, napthalenes, anthracenes, pyridines, pyrimidines, melamines, quinolines, furans, pyroles, oxazoles, iridazoles, thiophenes, triazines, azulenes, benzimidazoles, and combinations thereof. Examples of aromatic compounds beyond benzene are identified below. Such exemplary compounds can be substituted or unsubstituted, R can be, for example, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or alkaryl, as described above.
One way of characterizing electron withdrawing and donating effect on aromatics and pKa values can be found, for example, in "Advanced Organic Chemistry, Reactions, Mechanisms and Structures", J. March, 2nd ed., 1977, McGraw-Hill, Chapters 8 and 9. Substituents can affect reactivity of the amine nitrogen by way of electrical (field or resonance) effects. The net result of all these effects is that the electron density distribution is modified. For example, some groups considered to have an electron withdrawing effect may include NO2, CN, and NH3+ while groups considered to have a resonance electron donating effect may include NH2, NHCH3, N(CH3)2, OR, O− and CH3. The Hammett equation, log (k/k0)=σρ is an attempt to quantify the effects of substituent effects on aromatics. The σ values are numbers that sum up the total electrical effects of a group when attached to a benzene ring in a meta or para position. The σρ effects are expected to have the most impact on the inventive curing agents. A positive value of σ indicates an electron withdrawing group and a negative value an electron donating group. Values of σ for the groups listed as electron withdrawing above are all greater than 0.5 while those listed as electron donating above are below zero. In some embodiments, it is preferred to have a sum of σ value effects less than about 0.5, more preferably less than about 0.3, and even more preferably less than 0.
Besides having a sum of non-electron donating effects, it is also desired that the amino substituted aromatic compound curing agent not be acidic to the extent that this character undesirably inhibits cure. That is, more acidic character can be tolerated or even sought in applications where curing proceeds at the desired rates, while in other systems of the invention less acidic character is sought. It is preferred that the first pKa (in the event of multiple pKa values) of the curing agent be greater than about 12, to allow proper cure in most systems. For example, ArOH has a pKa (in water at 25° C.) of 8-11 while ArO− has a pKa of >37. Similarly, ArCO2H has a pKa of about 4 while ArCH3 has a pKa of about 35. Generally, it is believed that the amino group will increase the pKa relative to the compound lacking the amino group, although the increase may be insignificant. In some cases the pKa increases less than 3 units.
In another embodiment, the curative compound contains a heteroatom directly bonded to an R group in the position ortho to the amino group. The R is an alkyl such as C1-C5 alkyls, aryl, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl, and the like, and the R group may contain a heteroatom.
In another aspect, the curative compound has a heteroatom of oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen, in one or both position(s) ortho to the amino group. When the heteroatom is nitrogen, it is bonded to two R groups. In some embodiments, the R group is a C1-C5 alkyl and the heteroatom is oxygen.
Examples of useful curatives include methoxy-substituted mono- and bis-amino-substituted aromatic compounds, alkoxy-substituted mono- and bis- amino-substituted aromatic compounds, dialkyl amino-substituted mono- and bis- amino-substituted aromatic compounds, thioalkoxy-substituted mono- and bis- amino-substituted aromatic compounds, and combinations thereof.
More specific examples of useful curatives include o-anisidine, p-anisidinc, m-anisidine, 4″,4′″-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)-bis(4-phenoxyaniline), 4-phenoxyaniline, 3,4,5-trimethoxyaniline, 2,2-bis(4-aminophenyl) hexafluoropropane, a 4-amino-2, 6-dichlorophenoxide salt, and combinations thereof.
Additives such as carbon black, stabilizers, plasticizers, lubricants, fillers including fluoropolymer fillers, and processing aids typically utilized in fluoropolymer compounding can be incorporated into the compositions. In some embodiments, additives that detrimentally affect the color of the composition are avoided.
Carbon black fillers can be used to balance properties such as modulus, tensile strength, elongation, hardness, abrasion resistance, conductivity, and processability of the compositions. Suitable examples include MT blacks (medium thermal black) designated N-991, N-990, N-908, and N-907; FEF N-550; and large particle size furnace blacks. When large size particle black is used, 1 to 70 parts filler per hundred parts fluoropolymer (phr) is generally sufficient.
One or more acid acceptors can also be added to the formulations. In some applications, where the presence of extractable metallic compounds is undesirable (e.g., semiconductor industry) the use of inorganic acid acceptors should be minimized or avoided. Commonly used acid acceptors include, for example, zinc oxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, magnesium oxide, silicon dioxide (silica), etc. These compounds generally are used in the fluoropolymer formulation to bind any acids (such as HF) that might be generated at the high temperatures such as may be encountered during curing or at the temperatures where the fluoropolymers are intended to function.
The fluoroelastomer compositions can be prepared by mixing a selected fluoroelastomer gum with a selected catalyst, along with any selected additive(s) and/or adjuvant(s) (if any) in conventional rubber processing equipment. The desired amounts of compounding ingredients and other conventional adjuvants or ingredients can be added to the unvulcanized fluorocarbon gum stock and intimately admixed or compounded therewith by employing any of the usual rubber mixing devices such as internal mixers, (e.g., Banbury mixers), roll mills, or any other convenient mixing device. To avoid premature curing or "scorch," the temperature during mixing should not rise above the safe mixing temperature of the curative selected, e.g., mixing below about 120° C. During mixing, it is preferable to distribute the components uniformly throughout the gum.
The mixture is then processed and shaped, such as by extrusion (e.g., into the shape of a film, tube, or hose) or by molding (e.g., in the form of sheet or an O-ring). The shaped article can then be heated to cure the fluoropolymer composition and form a cured article.
Molding or press curing of the compounded mixture usually is conducted at a temperature sufficient to cure the mixture in a desired time duration under a suitable pressure. Generally, this is between about 95° C. and about 230° C., preferably between about 150° C. and about 205° C., for a period of from about I minute to 15 hours, typically from 5 minutes to 30 minutes. A pressure of between about 700 kPa and about 21,000 kPa is usually imposed on the compounded mixture in a mold. The molds first may be coated with a release agent and baked.
The molded mixture or press-cured article is then usually post-cured (e.g., in an oven) at a temperature and for a time sufficient to complete the curing, usually between about 150° C. and about 300° C., typically at about 230° C., for a period of from about 2 hours to 50 hours or more, generally increasing with the cross-sectional thickness of the article. For thick sections, the temperature during the post cure is usually raised gradually from the lower limit of the range to the desired maximum temperature. The maximum temperature used is preferably about 300° C., and this value is held for about 4 hours or more. This post-cure step generally completes the cross-linking and may also release residual volatiles from the cured compositions. One example of a suitable post-cure cycle involves exposing molded parts to heat under nitrogen using six stages of conditions. First, the temperature is increased from 25 to 200° C. over 6 hours, then the parts are held at 200° C. for 16 hours, after which the temperature is increased from 200 to 250° C. over 2 hours. Then the parts are held at 250° C. for 8 hours, after which the temperature is increased from 250 to 300° C. over 2 hours. Then the parts are held at 300° C. for 16 hours. Finally, the parts are returned to ambient temperature such as by shutting off the oven heat.
The fluoropolymer compositions are useful in production of articles such as O-rings, gaskets, tubing, and seals, especially when a clean-appearing fluoroelastomer article is desired. The curable compositions formulated without inorganic acid acceptors are particularly well suited for applications such as seals and gaskets for manufacturing semiconductor devices, and in high-temperature automotive seals.
Objects and advantages of this invention are further illustrated by the following examples, wherein the particular materials and amounts recited, as well as other conditions and details, should not be construed to unduly limit this invention.
The materials used were available from Aldrich Chemical Co., Milwaukee, Wis., unless otherwise specified. The indicated results were obtained using the following test methods, unless otherwise noted. The test results appear in the table below.
Test Methods
Cure rheology: Tests were run on uncured, compounded samples using a Monsanto Moving Die Rheometer (MDR) Model 2000 in accordance with ASTM D 5289-93a at various times and temperatures and a 0.5 degree arc. Both the minimum torque (ML) and highest torque attained during a specified period of time when no plateau or maximum torque was obtained (MH) were measured. Also measured were the time for the torque to increase 2 in-1b (0.2 N m) above ML ("ts2"), the time for the torque to reach a value equal to ML+0.5(MH−ML)("t′50"), and the time for the torque to reach ML+0.9(MH−ML)("t′90").
Press-Cure: Sample sheets measuring 150×150×2.0 mm, and O-rings were molded from the mixed uncured compounds using a heated press set at various times and temperatures as indicated in the examples.
Post-Cure: Press-cured sample sheets and O-rings were exposed to heat in air for various times and temperatures. The samples were returned to ambient temperature before testing.
Physical Properties: Tensile Strength at Break, Elongation at Break, and Modulus at 100% Elongation were determined using ASTM D 412-92 on samples cut from the press- and post-cured sheet with ASTM Die D.
Hardness: Samples were measured using ASTM D 2240-85 Method A with a Type A-2 Shore Durometer. Units are reported in points on the Shore A scale.
Compression Set: O-ring samples were measured using ASTM 395-89 Method B at various times, temperatures, and 25% original deflection (unless noted otherwise). The O-rings had a cross-sectional thickness of 0.139 in. (3.5 mm). Results are reported as a percentage of the original deflection.
Heat Aging: ASTM D573, with time and temperature indicated in the examples.
Perfluoroelastomer A was prepared by aqueous emulsion polymerization having interpolymerized units of 66.2 mole percent (mol %) tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), 33.0 mol % perfluoromethyl vinyl ether (PMVE) and 0.8 mol % of a nitrile-containing cure site monomer, CF2═CFO(CF2)5CN(MV5CN).
Perfluoroelastomer B was similarly prepared and had interpolymerized units of 66.8 mol % TFE, 32.0 mol % PMVE and 1.2 mol % MV5CN.
The perfluoroelastomer was masticated on a two roll mill for 1 to 2 min. Optionally silica filler (Aerosil® R-972, from Degussa) was then added. This was followed by the addition of the amino-substituted aromatic curative compound. Optionally barium sulfate (No. 100 from Sakai Chemical, Osaka, Japan) and titanium dioxide (A-110 from Sakai Chemical, Osaka, Japan) or N990 carbon black were then added with a total mixing time of 15 to 20 min. Sample sheets and O-rings were prepared. The samples were then tested for cure rheology and press cured. Press and post curing conditions varied as follows: Examples 1-4 were press cured at 188° C. for 20 min. and postcured at 200° C. for 24 h. Example 5 was press cured at 177 C for 30 min. and post curing was ramped from room temperature to 200° C. over 6 h, then held at 200° C. for 16 h, then ramped to 200-250° C. in 2 h, then held at 250° C. for 8 h, then ramped to 250-300° C. for 2 h and finally held at 300° C. for 16 h before cooling to room temperature over 2 h. Example 6 was press cured at 177° C. for 30 min. and post cured at 250° C. for 16 h. Example 7 was not molded into finished parts; it was used to demonstrate that a curing a curing effect was present. This illustrated the effect of converting the phenol group in CE-1 into an electron donating phenoxide salt to provide the necessary curing effects. The molded sheets were used for the Die D dumbbells used in testing the physical properties (per ASTM D412) and the heat aging properties (per ASTM D573). The molded 3.59 mm O-rings were used for compression set testing per ASTM D395 Method B. The results are included in the tables below.
In the following table, Curative A is 4″, 4′″-(hexafluoro isopropylidene) bis(4-phenoxyaniline), Curative B is 4-phenoxyaniline, Curative C is 3,4,5-trimethoxyaniline, Curative D is p-anisidine, Curative E is 2,2-bis(4-aminophenyl) hexafluoropropane (from Central Glass Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan), and Curative F is 4-amino-2, 6-dichlorophenoxide sodium salt (prepared by reacting equi-molar amounts of 4-amino-2, 6-dichlorophenol and NaOCH3 in methanol at room temperature).
Perfluoroelastomer B was masticated on a two roll mill for 1 to 2 minutes. Aerosil R-972 was then added, followed by the addition of a curing agent with a total mixing time of 15 to 20 min. Sheets and O-rings were prepared and tested as in the examples above. None of the Comparative Examples cured, so they could not be molded into useful parts. Formulations and test results are included in the tables below.
In the following tables, N/M indicates that the property was not measured, and N/C indicates that the material did not cure.
In the following table, N/M indicates that the property was not measured, TS means Tensile Strength at Break and EB means Elongation at Break.
Various modifications and alterations of this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and principles of this invention, and it should be understood that this invention is not to be unduly limited to the illustrative embodiments set forth hereinabove. All publications and patents are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication or patent was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.
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These two have been off the radar for some time now, have they not? But this picture tweeted by Vanessa Minnillo, with her husband, Nick Lachey is just too cute too ignore. "My Happiness… My Family! Ahhh, My Boys! (Wookie included) …" was the message. 'Nessa's baby bump rivals Jessica Simpson's — before she popped. J.Simp being Lachey's ex, that is. But let's not get into that, but instead get into how gorgeous Vanessa's looking. She's glowing and it shows, especially with that teeny bandeau top she's in. Also, does that tweet mean she's having a boy? "Ahhh, My Boys," includes Nick, but also includes her yet-be-born son, which was confirmed by the couple as they revealed the gender last month saying they were thrilled at the news. Vanessa announced she was preggers in March, FYI, and she's due sometime in September. That's two months away. We can't imagine her belly getting even bigger because it's already so huge. We wish the couple love and luck for the last two months of their journey and can't wait to meet their special little man. Wonder if they've already got a name picked out and ready?
[Photo via Twitter]
Related: Vanessa Minnillo Pregnant, Helping Nick Lachey Catch Up With Jessica Simpson


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Norman Long - "Actors, Interfaces, and Development Practice"
Tue, February 19, 2013 • 3:00 PM • CLA 1.302D
The Department of Sociology invites you to a talk by Norman Long on Actors, Interfaces, and Development Practice. This will be a general overview of actor and interface approaches to development, illustrated with Chinese and Latin American case studies.
Dr. Norman Long is Professor Emeritus, Sociology of Rural Development, Wageningen. The Netherlands, Adjunct Professor of Development Studies, China Agricultural Univesity, Beijing, China and Honorary Professorial Fellow, White Rose East Asia Centre, University of Leeds, United Kingdom. He is the author and co-author of numerous publications on development, including Development Sociology: actor perspectives (2001), Anthropology, Development and Modernities (2000) and Battlefields of Knowledge, the interlocking of theory and practice in social research and development (1992).
There will be a reception with drinks and food following the talk and discussion at 5pm.


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The students in Miami Law's Professional Responsibility and Ethics Program (PREP) recently presented a CLE ethics training for the attorneys at White & Case. Under the supervision of Director Jan L. Jacobowitz, Fellow, Ben Carter and Interns, Sarah Laputz, and Courtney Daniels, addressed the impact of social media and e-discovery on the attorney-client relationship and litigation.
The students developed a hypothetical scenario to discuss the ethical implications of using social media to investigate witnesses, the obligations to preserve electronic communications, including Facebook pages, and attorneys' options available after learning about a client's misconduct.
Reflecting on the training, Daniels commented, "It was an amazing experience not only to research the ways in which social media can be ethically utilized in litigation, but also to share with the attorneys the ethical pit falls that have entrapped other attorneys."
Carter commented that "It was fascinating to see how the academic perspective we have as students and real-world views of the practicing attorneys interact in the context of the hypothetical. While we may not agree on every issue raised in the discussion, the open and collegial nature of the discourse ensures that everyone benefits from the experience."
Finally, Laputz observed that, "Due to the large scope of the firm's work, the attendees had a very diverse set of legal backgrounds. Although the hypothetical was based in the context of environmental law, I gained a better understanding of how lawyers apply the same ethics rules to a variety of legal fields."
The Professional Responsibility and Ethics Program was established in 1996 as an in-house program within the Center for Ethics and Public Service at the University of Miami School of Law. The program develops and presents continuing legal education (CLE) ethics training for the South Florida legal community and has dedicated countless student hours to public service and has educated thousands of members of the Florida Bench and Bar. The experience serves as a great opportunity for students to learn about cutting edge ethical issues and through their presentations affect the views and policies of individuals within the legal community.
Need assistance with contacting our world-renowned scholars and former practitioners for commentary? Click here for more information.
View photos of the Miami Law campus, students, events, faculty and many more in our Flickr photo gallery.
View our Miami Law YouTube channel featuring videos covering academics, student life and news from the University of Miami School of Law.


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FREDERICK, Md. (AP) — Flights at Mid-Atlantic airports were delayed Friday and damage was revealed at a landmark Ocean City fishing pier as the effects of this week's record-breaking winter storm lingered into the Presidents Day weekend.
Snowstorm damages Ocean City, Md., pier
The storm brought Washington Dulles International Airport its ninth biggest one-day snowfall on record, the National Weather Service said: 11.7 inches. That surpassed the record 3 inches the airport near Sterling, Va., received on the same date in 1992, meteorologist Heather Sheffield said.
She said the storm dropped a total of 13.3 inches of snow at Dulles from Wednesday through Thursday.
Trained spotters reported unofficial storm totals of 2 feet or more in north-central Maryland, including a 26-inch reading near the Baltimore County community of Glyndon, the weather service said.
"Just looking at the overall pattern of the snowfall, I don't have a reason to question the numbers," said Calvin Meadows, observing program leader in the agency's Sterling office.
Washington and Baltimore airports reported flight delays, even with all runways open after Thursday's massive cancellations. At Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, more than 40 percent of outgoing flights on the departures monitor were delayed or canceled at 1:30 p.m., and nearly four out of five arriving flights were delayed or canceled.
The terminal was busy, but far from mobbed, as weary passengers killed time at restaurants and scrambled to adjust their Valentine's and Presidents Day weekend plans.
Tim McKelvey, a water-treatment plant worker from Lenoir City, Tenn., said he and co-worker Don Simpson had been trying since Wednesday to get home from a Washington conference.
"Our wives are going to kill us," McKelvey said. He said he had planned a special Valentine's Day for his spouse, including dinner and chocolate-covered strawberries.
"My brother better be picking them up because I won't be there in time," he said.
In Ocean City, the storm damaged a 489-foot fishing pier rebuilt last year after Hurricane Sandy destroyed it in 2012. Bayshore Marine Construction told WBOC-TV that Thursday's strong waves and wind had snapped seven pylons at the end of the pier.
The heavy snowfall forced Mount Vernon to scale back its weekend celebration of George Washington's birthday. Dance demonstrations and a culinary competition featuring hoecakes — a cornmeal-based pancake — were canceled because the outdoor venue is covered with snow, spokeswoman Melissa Wood said.
"We thought people aren't going to want to watch people cook while they're standing in 10 inches of snow," Wood said.
She said free attendance on Presidents Day often brings more than 10,000 to the estate. Fewer guests are expected this year, partly because some area school systems are holding classes to make up for excess snow days, Wood said.
The Maryland State Highway Administration said all interstate highways were clear and crews were cleaning up secondary roads ahead of another storm forecast for early Saturday that was expected to bring up to 2 inches of snow to Washington and Baltimore, and up to 4 inches to northern and western Maryland.
The federal government and District of Columbia government opened late Friday. Delaware also opened some state offices late, and in Maryland a liberal leave policy was in effect for state workers. Most schools were closed for a second day.
The nor'easter was linked to at least four deaths in the region.
A truck driver in Ashburn, Va., died Thursday while working to clear snowy roads. State police say he had pulled off the road and was standing behind his vehicle when he was hit by another dump truck.
Howard County, Md., fire officials said two men died after suffering medical emergencies while shoveling snow, and a third died when he collapsed outside. Autopsies will determine if any of the deaths were due directly to the weather.
Friday's sunny weather gave restaurants the weather break they needed to honor Valentine's Day reservations. In Frederick, Md., the chic Volt restaurant saw no appreciable drop in Valentine's Day reservations, said T.J. Whitman, the restaurant's wine director.
"I think we've lost all of, like, eight total guests," he said Thursday night. "That's just normal stuff. I don't lose sleep over that."
Washington resident Rob Wolcott had marriage on his mind Thursday as he and his wife tried to get to St. Kitts for a friend's Saturday wedding. Their scheduled morning flight out of Reagan National Airport was canceled.
Wolcott said the bride and groom were stressed about the delay because Wolcott was to play a special role in the nuptials.
"They will still get married whether or not I am the one to do the actual officiating," he said.
Associated Press writers Sarah Brumfield in Washington; Ben Nuckols and Brett Zongker in Washington; and Matthew Barakat in McLean, Va., contributed to this report.


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By Tom Wilemon | The Tennessean
State health officials want to get a head start this year on diseases caused by ticks and mosquitoes to prevent a repeat of 2012.
West Nile infections in humans rose 83 percent last year, while Rocky Mountain spotted fever infections increased 162 percent. The Tennessee Department of Health is asking state residents to help the agency prevent and monitor illnesses this season through efforts ranging from removing mosquito habitats around the yard to reporting dead birds, which can be harbingers of West Nile.
The warm-weather pests are more dangerous than they used to be, said Abelardo C. Moncayo, director of the vector-borne disease section for the Tennessee Department of Health.
"West Nile is really new," Moncayo said. "It just came about this century. Rocky Mountain spotted fever is relatively new. Obviously, it wasn't discovered here. But now we have it here. La Crosse encephalitis wasn't here originally. All these are emerging diseases. We as parents grew up in an age when we didn't have to worry about these things."
A child in East Tennessee died from La Crosse encephalitis last year, while a Davidson County man died from West Nile -- both mosquito-borne illnesses.
So far, tick-borne diseases don't seem to be as prevalent this year as last. Sixteen cases of Rocky Mountain spotted fever have been reported in Tennessee year-to-date, compared with 50 at this point last year. Cases of Lyme disease are also on the decline, with two this year compared with six last year. Cases of ehrlichiosis are running even with last year.
But colder, wetter weather this spring could be the reason because people aren't spending as much time outdoors. Tick season is just getting underway.
Norma Engelhardt of Nashville, a volunteer with the Middle Tennessee Lyme Disease Network, said identifying early symptoms is critical with tick-borne diseases because many times people don't know they've been bitten. Antibiotics can cure these diseases if diagnosed soon enough.
"My daughter would have been diagnosed with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis if we had not known about Lyme disease," Engelhardt said.
Report dead birds
Health officials are particularly worried about West Nile disease, which is carried by the common house mosquito. The Metro Public Health Department had scheduled backyard inspections and an informational campaign for Saturday in Goodlettsville, but the event was postponed until May 25 because of heavy rains.
The wet spring is a nurturing climate for broods of mosquitoes.
Tennesseans can find out if the mosquitoes in their neighborhoods are carrying the disease by reporting dead crows and bluejays -- two bird species prone to die from infections.
The virus can strike in different neighborhoods every year, Moncayo said. When West Nile was a new disease for Tennessee in 2002, the state health department received a multitude of dead bird samples to test for the virus.
"Now, I think people have gotten kind of used to it," he said. "But we are all coming off a big outbreak last year. It's important this year for people to be calling their health departments to submit crows and bluejays for testing. It's best not to handle any dead animals with your bare hands. The best thing you can do is call the local health department and coordinate with them how they can come out, or how the bird can be taken to them, to get a sample."
La Crosse encephalitis is carried by the tree-hole mosquito.
"It was sort of a Midwestern disease," Moncayo said. "Now it has moved to the Appalachians, including the eastern part of Tennessee. It can affect children mainly."
Tick-borne diseases are also causing heartaches for pet owners. Brandy Reed of Bellevue lost a cat to bobcat fever last year, then last month had a kitten come down with the disease, which veterinarians call cytauxzoon felis. The kitten survived, she said, after treatment with medicine.
Sharon Patton, professor of parasitology at the University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, said the disease has a high mortality rate. The best ways to prevent it are to keep cats indoors and regularly use an effective tick control product.
But it's not tick diseases with strange new names that are killing the most pets. It's heartworms, which are carried by mosquitoes.
"So many animals still get heartworms every year," Patton said. "So many people allow their animals to get it. That's sort of sad when it can be prevented."
Contact Tom Wilemon at email@example.com or 615-726-5961.


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Lorenzo showed the world he is the most complete rider today, aboard the most complete package. Winning a wet race from the start means ure one heck of a smooth rider.
Rossi n Stoner, great race. Kudos to both for the show.


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The University of Hawaii Athletics Department on Friday announced the induction of four new members to its Circle of Honor.
Vince Goo, Jim Schwitters, Terry Albritton and Jyun ?Curly? Hirota were all coaches at the school. The honorees are the 28th group to be honored.
UH Circle Of Honor Recipient Biographies:Vince Goo Vince Goo, the son of former men?s basketball coach Ah Chew Goo, coached the Rainbow Wahine basketball team for 17 seasons and upon his retirement in 2004, was the winningest college basketball coach in the state of Hawai?i -- men?s or women?s. His teams won 334 games and made 10 trips to the postseason, including five appearances in the NCAA Tournament.
During his career, he coached three All-Americans, three conference players of the year, 21 all-conference players, and three Hawai?i representatives for NCAA Woman of the Year ? Nani Cockett, BJ Itoman and Raylene Howard. In addition, six of his players also earned the Jack Bonham Award, UH?s highest student-athlete honor.
In his second season, Hawai?i made its first appearance in the NCAA Tournament, the first of five during his career. Goo also led the Rainbow Wahine to four 25-plus seasons, including a school-best 28 wins in the 1992-93 season. In 1997-98, the Rainbow Wahine won their first Western Athletic Conference regular-season championship and finished 24-4.
Under Goo, UH also won back-to-back regular-season Big West Conference titles as well as the Big West tournament title in 1996. The Rainbow Wahine finished second in the 1992 NWIT, capping a 26-8 season.
Goo was named coach of the year in the Big West three times and once in the WAC. However, he was proudest of his players? successes in the classroom where he had a nearly perfect graduation rate with more than 40 Rainbow Wahine receiving their degrees.
Jim Schwitters When he retired in 2003 after a 38-year coaching career, Jim Schwitters was the winningest coach in NCAA tennis history (1,327-610-15) with his combined record for men (819-409-8) and women (508-201-7).
In men?s tennis, Schwitters coached 14 all-WAC players, one ITCA scholar-athlete and five ITA scholar-athletes. He was the ITCA Region VII coach of the year in 1999-2000. Among his highlights include an eighth place finish at the 1968 NCAA College Division Championship and qualifying for the 1975 NCAA Division I Championship.
In 26 seasons with the Rainbow Wahine, he coached a dozen all-WAC players, including Diane Okada, the WAC player of the year in 1993. There were also three ITA scholar-athlete awards and 18 academic all-WAC players. He also coached one of the most dominate doubles teams in women?s tennis in Rosie Vera Cruz and Rose Thomas (1981-85), who teamed up to win 100 matches during their careers.
Hawai?i Tennis News named Schwitters one of the Top 10 Players of the Century in Hawai?i and the Player of the Decade for the 1970s.
He was inducted into the Hawai?i Sports Hall of Fame, the U.S. Professional Tennis Association Hall of Fame, U.S. Tennis Association-Hawai?i Hall of Fame, and the St. Ambrose College Hall of Fame, where he had an All-American career.
Terry Albritton Terry Albritton broke the world record in the shot put (71 feet, 8 1/2 inches) at an all-comers meet at Cooke Field while a junior at UH in 1976. Later that year, he won the NCAA title.
Albritton enrolled in Stanford in 1973 on a football scholarship and also competed in track, where he was second in the shot put in the Pac-8 in 1974. He transferred to Hawai?i in 1975 and was the NCAA runner-up that year.
When UH dropped the men?s track and field program after his world record breaking season, he transferred back to Stanford, where he won the 1977 NCAA shot put title.
Following his competitive career, Albritton served as strength coach at UH from 1979-85, and is regarded as a pioneer in plyometrics and other fast-twitch muscle training techniques. He later was a teacher and coach at St. Anthony High in Maui where one of his prodigies was Shane Victorino of the Philadelphia Phillies.
Albritton died in Cambodia in 2004 at the age of 50.
Jyun ?Curly? Hirota Jyun ?Curly? Hirota was a two-sport athlete at UH, an all-league baseball player and co-captain of the 1948 football team, as well as the Rainbows baseball coach in the 1960s.
When World War II interrupted this athletic career, Hirota joined UH?s Varsity Victory Volunteers, a group of Japanese-American students who volunteered their services in support of the U.S. Military in non-combative roles. After the war, Hirota resumed his studies at UH and played baseball (catcher-infielder) and football (halfback) for three seasons through his graduation in 1949 with a business degree in economics.
Hirota went on to an all-star pro career with the Tokyo/Yomiuri Giants in the Japan Baseball League, and was the catcher as the Giants won four consecutive Japanese World Series titles (1952-55). He was Rookie of the Year in 1952 and was named the catcher for the Japan All-Time Nine team.
He coached the Rainbows from 1963 and ?65. In 1970, he became the manager of the Kintetsu Buffaloes, a farm club in the JBL, leading the team to its first title in 23 years.
When returning to Hawai?i in 1973, he assumed the role of assistant events manager and later events manager at Aloha Stadium upon his retirement in 1994. He died in 2003.