text:
Printing plates, printing system and method for printing electrical circuits. According to embodiments of the invention, patterned layers of conductive, insulating, semi-conductive materials, and other materials can be additively print deposited on a substrate to form electrical circuits. The electrical circuits so formed of single or multiple printed layers can comprise or compose transistor devices, including thin film transistors, multiple transistor circuits or assemblies, or other electrical devices, for example batteries, sensors, displays, memory arrays, and the like. The invention further provides a patterned printing plate imaged by a photolithography and etch process, and a printing system and methods using the patterned plate by which such high resolution, precise registration electrical circuits and circuit devices can be produced.
1. A process for creating electrical circuits or circuit elements using imaged gravure printing plates, the process comprising:
obtaining a gravure printing plate imaged by etching a substantially flat plate;
mounting the imaged gravure printing plate to a printing apparatus, wherein the imaged gravure printing plate comprises an image configured to create an electrical circuit or circuit element with features of 10 microns or less, and wherein the printing apparatus comprises
a cylinder, and
a carriage adapted to be moved into contact with the cylinder, wherein a substrate to be printed is mounted to one of either the cylinder or the carriage, and the imaged gravure printing plate is mounted to the other of the cylinder or the carriage;
applying a material to be deposited on the substrate to the imaged gravure printing plate wherein the material is present in the etched areas of the imaged gravure printing plate;
directly contacting the substrate with the imaged gravure printing plate to transfer the material from the imaged gravure printing plate to the substrate; and
removing the substrate from contact with the imaged gravure printing plate,
wherein the material forms a first patterned layer of an electrical circuit or circuit element on the substrate corresponding to the image of the imaged gravure printing plate.
2. The process of
curing the first patterned layer on the substrate by heat, IR, UV light, electron beam, or combinations, thereof.
3. The process of
depositing at least one additional patterned layer to either the substrate or the previously deposited layer by the process of
4. The process of
5. The process of
a first configuration comprising a source electrode and a drain electrode spaced apart on the substrate, a semiconductor layer positioned between the source electrode and the drain electrode, a dielectric layer covering at least a portion of the semiconductor layer, and a gate electrode covering at least a portion of the dielectric layer; or
a second configuration comprising a gate electrode on the substrate, a dielectric layer on the substrate and covering at least a portion of the gate electrode, a source electrode and a drain electrode spaced apart on the dielectric layer, and a semiconductor layer on the dielectric layer between the source electrode and the drain electrode.
6. The process of
7. The process of
8. The process of
additively printing at least one additional layers of the electrical circuit or circuit element, wherein each additional printed layer is printed using the process of
9. The process of
providing the gravure printing plate having a first major surface;
applying a release layer on the first major surface of the plate;
depositing a first material layer on the release layer;
polishing the first material layer to a surface roughness of about 1 micron or less;
applying a layer of photoresist material to the first material layer;
exposing at least a portion of the photoresist material to a light source to form soluble and non-soluble areas of photoresist material;
introducing a developer chemical to the printing plate with the first material layer to remove the soluble areas of photoresist material to form a relief of an image of an electrical circuit or circuit element such that areas of the first surface of the first material layer are exposed in recesses of the relief;
etching the exposed areas of the first material layer; and
removing the remaining photoresist material leaving the first material layer patterned having etched areas and non-etched areas such that the etched areas form an image of the electrical circuit or circuit element; and
separating the etched first material layer from the release layer and plate such that the etched first material layer forms the thin, flexible patterned printing plate including the image of the electrical circuit or circuit element.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/862,347, filed Oct. 20, 2006, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
The invention relates generally to printing plates and printing processes and more particularly, to patterned printing plates and printing processes for forming electrical circuits and circuit components.
Flexographic, lithographic, intaglio, gravure and other processes, including those in which a central impression cylinder is used, for printing a wide variety of articles are known in the art. Recently, these and other processes and techniques have been used to print very small, fine features, particularly for forming electrical circuits and circuit components.
Today, the intaglio printing process is oftentimes used for printing very small features. Typically, the intaglio process uses a metal plate that has features engraved into its surface. Often, the engraving is done by hand. Other methods of forming features on the metal plate can also be used as well. The plate can be used in a generally planar state, or, if the plate is thin enough, it can be wrapped around a curved object, such as a cylinder, and used in a high speed printing press.
During the intaglio printing process, the plate is typically inked with a high viscosity, paste-style of ink. The plate is then wiped to remove the excess ink from the top surface, leaving ink only in the recessed areas. A substrate, such as paper, film, and the like, is then brought in contact with the inked plate. A very high pressure is used to transfer the ink from the plate to the substrate. However, the high pressure often results in a deformation of the substrate.
For printed electronics applications, it is desired to print features that are about 10 microns wide or less, and even sub-micron sized features. While the intaglio process is able to print fine features of about 20 microns or less, there are some drawbacks that render traditional intaglio printing for printed electronics applications undesirable.
One drawback of the intaglio process is the fabrication of the plates. Engraving is a slow process, and it can only by done one plate at a time. If done by hand, there is a high rate of error.
Another drawback of the intaglio process is the distortion of the substrate which results in a high degree of surface topology and stress in the substrate. Increased surface topology can negatively impact electronic device performance by reducing printed element quality due to less effective ink transfer on a rough surface for subsequent printed layers. In addition, the distortion of the substrate can create discontinuities in previously printed features. Stress in the substrate can be relaxed in subsequent process steps, such as annealing, leading to changes in dimensions which can also negatively impact electronic device performance because of misalignment between layers, changes in critical dimensions such as the channel length and width of a transistor, and imprecise registration. Another drawback of the intaglio process is the use of a paste ink. For electronic applications, it is desired to print with materials that are relatively pure, such as, for example, a semiconductor or a metal. A paste ink requires the addition of rheology control materials that reduce the purity of the final deposited material, which can negatively impact electronic device performance by reducing the conductivity of a metal or mobility of carriers in a semiconductor material.
Another process that can be used for printing fine features is gravure printing. Gravure printing is generally considered a sub-set of the intaglio process. In gravure, a cylinder is engraved with cells, rather than continuous lines of intaglio printing. Engraving is done with a stylus or a laser. The width, length, and depth of the cell can be controlled. Ink is applied to the cylinder to fill the cells, and the excess is subsequently removed with a doctor blade. Typically, the ink has a much lower viscosity when compared to the intaglio printing process.
A substrate is then brought in contact with the cylinder and pressure is used to assist a transfer of the ink to the substrate. The pressure is lower, however, compared to intaglio printing so there is minimal to no distortion of the substrate. However, gravure printing does have a number of drawbacks, including the minimum feature size that can currently be printed. As stated above, for printed electronics applications, it is desired to print features that are about 10 microns wide or less, and even sub-micron sized features. Today, gravure printing can print a minimum feature size of only about 20 microns.
Another drawback is that the use of the cells in gravure printing results in wavy edge lines, rather than the desired straight lines. Also, the use of cells can create a non-uniform thickness of the deposited ink. The non-uniform thickness of ink can result in discontinuous lines that prevent electrical current flow.
Further, gravure printing cylinder fabrication is cost-restrictive. It is also more difficult to image a gravure cylinder compared to a flat surface due to the curved nature of the cylinder. It can be time and/or cost restrictive, and involves a high risk of error.
Other known additive printing processes, such as flexographic and ink-jet, suffer from several drawbacks as related to the printing of transistors and other small-scale electrical circuits and devices. One drawback relates to a registration and resolution of a printed electrical circuit, such as a transistor comprising multiple individually printed layers. Flexography, for instance, has been reported to print features only as small as about 50 microns and typical flexographic presses have registration control no better than about 40 microns from one printed layer to the next. Ink jet techniques suffer from slow speed and low reliability. Because each layer interacts with other layers to conduct or insulate, elevated printing quality is necessary to form layers that properly interconnect to form an operable electrical device. Another drawback relates to higher costs presently associated with printing electrical circuit devices that meet quality standards. In view of these and other drawbacks, current printing processes are not capable of achieving and maintaining quality standards at micron-measured levels without sacrificing performance, cost, and efficiency.
Currently, electronic devices are commonly created by a photolithography and etching process. Photolithography processes typically used in the silicon-based semiconductor industry are photographic processes used to transfer circuit patterns onto a semiconductor wafer. This is done by projecting light through a patterned reticle, or a glass plate with a layer of chrome or other masking agent on one side, onto a silicon wafer covered with a photosensitive material (photoresist). The exposed portions of the circuit are then wet or dry etched to pattern the circuit. The photolithography process is utilized in the fabrication of electronic devices and circuits because of the ability to etch fine features, such as on the order of 10 microns or less. However, these processes—deposition, photolithography, and etching—are repeated many times in the formation of traditional semiconductor devices thereby creating a large amount of waste, and can be time intensive relative to additive printing processes. Furthermore, because of the time involved and the amount of waste, these processes can be costly compared to additive printing processes.
There remains a need for patterned printing plates, printing systems, and methodologies that are capable of producing high quality electrical circuit products with high resolution fine features, with minimal substrate distortion, precise registration, and at a reduced per-unit cost.
The present invention resolves many of the above-described deficiencies and drawbacks inherent with printing fine features of micron and submicron dimensions, such as for the printing of electronic circuits. In particular, the invention is directed to a patterned printing plate, printing plate fabrication techniques, printing systems, and methods of printing fine features, suitable for creating three-dimensional electrical circuits, such as transistors, memory arrays, and other devices.
Various embodiments of the invention disclosed and described herein utilize a system of printing plate fabrication techniques in combination with printing systems and processes to create the aforementioned circuits in an additive fashion, rather than through the use of material deposition, photolithography and subtractive etching processes typically used in the silicon-based semiconductor industry. These processes—deposition, photolithography, and etching—are repeated many times in the formation of traditional semiconductor devices; however the processes need to be performed only once to etch a plate that can be used multiple times in a gravure-type printing process. By additively printing electronic devices by simply depositing materials only in specific locations and eliminating photolithography and etching, the fabrication of electronic devices and circuits is greatly simplified and produces a significantly less amount of waste.
In the present invention, photolithography and etching can be used to pattern printing plates and/or printing cylinders with unexpected fine resolution that traditional engraved gravure plates have not been able to achieve. A process is used to transfer the circuit patterns to a printing plate or cylinder, rather than directly to the circuit. This is done by projecting light through a patterned mask, or by concentrating the light onto selective areas of a plate or cylinder covered with a photoresist. The printing plate is subsequently used to additively print the many circuits. Therefore, not only is the printing plate adapted to print fine features necessary for printing of electrical circuits or circuit elements, such as features of 10 microns or less, but the printing plate only requires a single etching step to form the plate, which can in turn, be used many times, such as, for example, thousands of times, to print circuits or circuit elements thereby reducing waste, time, and costs.
In one embodiment, a patterned printing plate on a sliding carriage in combination with an inking system and a substrate-containing cylinder comprises a system to additively print electrical circuits, circuit devices, transistors, and the like. In another embodiment, a patterned printing plate secured to a cylinder in combination with an inking system and a slidable stage carrying a substrate comprises a system to additively print electrical circuits, circuit devices, transistors, and the like. In yet another embodiment, a patterned cylinder in combination with an inking system and a sliding stage carrying a substrate comprises a system to additively print electrical circuits, circuit devices, transistors, and the like. In another embodiment, a system to additively print electrical circuits, circuit devices, transistors, and the like comprises a first printing station with a patterned printing plate on a sliding carriage in combination with an inking system and a substrate containing cylinder to print a first material or materials; and a second printing station with a patterned printing plate secured to a cylinder in combination with an inking system and a slidable stage carrying a substrate to print subsequent materials. Alternatively, the second printing station can comprise a directly etched cylinder in place of the patterned printing plate secured to the cylinder. The printing systems can advantageously provide a precise registration and high resolution necessary to create functional printed three-dimensional electrical circuits according to desired quality standards, while significantly reducing the waste produced in traditional etching processes.
The above summary of the invention is not intended to describe each illustrated embodiment or every implementation of the present invention. The figures and the detailed description that follow more particularly exemplify these embodiments.
While the invention is amenable to various modifications and alternative forms, specifics thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and will be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the intention is not to limit the invention to the particular embodiments described. On the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
The electrical circuit printing systems and methods of the present invention provide precise registration and high resolution processes for the creation of electrical circuit devices. The invention can be more readily understood by reference to
Patterned layers of conductive, insulating, semi-conductive, and other materials are print deposited on a flexible and/or non-flexible substrate to form electrical circuits according to the invention. The electrical circuits so formed of single or multiple printed layers can comprise or compose electrical devices, including transistors, diodes, organic thin film transistors, multiple transistor circuits or assemblies, or other electrical devices, for example ring oscillators, operational amplifiers, batteries, sensors, displays, memory arrays, and the like. The invention further provides processes and methods by which high resolution, precisely registered electrical circuits and circuit devices can be produced at relatively high speed and volume when compared to traditional electrical component manufacturing techniques and without the need for more complex and costly manufacturing devices and machinery.
In one embodiment, the electrical circuit printing process and method create transistor devices, more particularly thin film transistors (TFTs). Transistor devices in general comprise source and drain, semiconductor, dielectric, and gate layers. Patterned layers therefore can comprise conductive, semiconductive, and insulating materials printed with suitably formulated conductive, insulative, or semiconductive ink, fluid, powder, particulate, or other deposition compositions. In a TFT, the semiconductor layer can comprise an organic material, for example a polymer, or an inorganic material, such as, for example, silicon or zinc oxide. Transistors can be used to form radio frequency identification (RFID) circuits or "tags," passive or active "smart labels," displays and drivers, and other devices or combinations thereof.
As stated earlier, one of the challenges of printing fine features is making a plate that can carry a low-viscosity ink and have features that are about 10 microns or less. In one embodiment of the invention, referring generally to
It is contemplated that plate fabrication process 100 is able to produce features with sizes from about 10 to about 100 microns down to about 180 nanometers. Initially, a blank plate is fabricated at step 102 to an appropriate size and shape, such as, for example, square, rectangular, round, or some other shape. The plate can be subsequently machined before and/or after etching to have a different shape and/or size. For example, a round plate may be subsequently machined to a rectangular plate at any step in process 100. As shown in
In one embodiment of the present invention, the plate can comprise a single material such as, for example, copper, chromium, aluminum, nickel, cobalt, stainless steel, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), or other polymers and mixtures of polymers, and other suitable materials. In another embodiment of the present invention, the plate can comprise an alloy, such as a nickel iron alloy or nickel chromium alloy, to reduce the effect of thermal expansion, to provide superior wear resistance or improved mechanical stability, to provide superior corrosion resistance, and/or to provide better compatibility with the inks. Suitable alloys are commercially available Invar and Inconel�. In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the plate can comprise layers of different materials, for example a copper plate coated with chromium, as is commonly used in the fabrication of gravure cylinders.
In polishing step 104, the surface of the blank plate is polished to achieve a generally smooth surface with a surface roughness from about one micron RMS to about 0.1 micron RMS, and more preferably, about 0.01 micron RMS in one embodiment. It is desirable to have a flat, smooth surface to achieve the desired fine features. In one embodiment of the invention, polishing step 104 can comprise a chemical mechanical planarization process, such as, for example, copper chemical mechanical planarization. The polishing step reduces scratches and other blemishes in the surface of the plate. If the plate is not polished to a sufficient roughness, it has been found that the printing inks or materials can flow into such scratches, which are then transferred to the substrate in the printing process. For critical layers, such as source electrodes and drain electrodes, such flaws can cause an electrical device, such as a circuit, to short, resulting in a non-functional transistor.
Following the polishing step, a cleaning step 105 is typically desired to remove materials used in the polishing process and any debris from the surface of the plate.
An antireflective coating can be applied in optional step 106 to the polished surface of the plate. Application of the antireflective coating can improve the ability to produce fine features in the plate by reducing the effect of reflected light during photoresist exposure step 110. The antireflective coating absorbs the light used to expose the photoresist so that it does not reflect off of the polished surface, exposing photoresist that should otherwise not be exposed.
In step 108, a photoresist material is applied to either the polished surface directly after step 105, or subsequent to the application of the antireflective coating in step 106. The photoresist material can be either a positive tone which has a higher developer dissolution rate after being exposed to light, or a negative tone in which the photoresist becomes relatively insoluble to developer when exposed to light. The photoresist can be applied by spin coating, roll coating, or some other suitable process. In one embodiment of the invention, round-shaped blank plates may offer the benefit of a more uniform antireflective and photoresist coating when compared to a square or rectangular blank plate when the antireflective coating or photoresist is deposited by spin-coating. This is due to the symmetry of the round structure wherein the edges of the disc are equidistant from the position of the initial photoresist dispense, usually the center of the plate.
In step 110, an appropriate mask can be applied and the unmasked photoresist is exposed. In an alternative embodiment, a mask is not needed and selected exposure is done using a laser, or electron beam that focuses the light on selected portions of the photoresist material. The exposure can typically be done by using a UV light source. The photoresist is then developed in step 112 with an appropriate liquid chemical developer chosen based on the type of photoresist that is used. The photoresist can be developed, for example, by submerging the printing plate within the developer. If a positive tone photoresist is used, the exposed areas are removed during step 112. If a negative tone photoresist is used, the unexposed areas are removed during step 112 because the exposed areas are insoluble to the developer chemical. Step 112 results in a raised image with exposed areas of the plate where the photoresist has been removed.
The plate, with or without an antireflective coating, is subsequently etched in step 114 selective to the photoresist. That is, the plate material is etched at a high rate and the photoresist is etched at a substantially slower rate or not etched at all. Etching step 114 can be accomplished by either wet etching in which liquid chemicals are used or by dry etching in which gas phase chemicals are used. Wet etching is typically a purely chemical process, wherein the liquid chemicals remove exposed areas of the flat plate, and wet etching is mainly isotropic. However, in some cases etching can proceed in a preferred direction depending on the material and its microstructure. This can, in turn, impact the shape of the resulting etched feature.
Dry etching is the removal of a substrate material, such as the plate material, through use of a gas interacting with the material to be etched. In most cases, a combination of physical and chemical processes is used through the introduction of a plasma. A voltage is applied to the item to be etched, such as the plate in this case, and a plasma is formed above the area to be etched, as is well known in the art. The voltage difference between the plasma and the plate surface causes ions to accelerate toward and bombard the plate surface, resulting in physical removal of material on the exposed surfaces of the plate. The gas phase chemicals, when in contact with the plate surface, also remove material on the exposed surfaces of the plate by a chemical mechanism. Dry etching can be used to impart a high degree of anisotropy, allowing one skilled in the art to create high aspect ratio features if desired. In addition, with the proper choice of chemicals, the sidewall profile of the etched feature can be controlled more tightly than with wet etching. For example, a protective layer can be built up on a side wall allowing different profiles, such as slopes, tapered features and the like. Referring generally to
Further, a combination of wet and dry etching can be used. The etching chemistry can be varied, such as by varying acid types, pH values, molarity and the like. Furthermore, the etching chemistry can be tailored to the material to be etched for the purpose of closely controlling the amount of printing material, such as a low-viscosity ink to be transferred to the substrate. The viscosities of the inks can also be varied depending on the chemistry of the plate. Furthermore the plasma gas and other common parameters of a dry etching process can be optimized to attain the most fine, precise features, reducing flaws in the patterns or image.
In stripping step 116, the remaining photoresist and antireflective coating are stripped from the plate and the plate is cleaned, resulting in a relief patterned printing plate.
Referring to
In one embodiment of the invention, a thin, and/or flexible plate is desired. For example, a thin plate can be mounted or secured, either releasably or permanently, to a planar surface, such as, for example, a flatbed or platen style printing press. Alternatively, a thin, flexible plate can be mounted or secured, either releasably or permanently, to a non-planar surface, such as, for example, a cylinder such as is used in rotogravure printing. The thin plate can be secured by attachment means such as adhesive, magnets, vacuum, mechanical clamps, and the like.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the surface properties of the etched plate can be further controlled by treating the surface of the etched features to make them more or less hydrophobic. This optional step will impact how the ink interacts with the etched feature(s). For example, treating the etched areas with hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) before stripping the photoresist results in a strongly hydrophobic area in the etched regions while the non-etched areas covered by photoresist will maintain the initial surface properties. This will result in solvent-based inks being highly attracted to the etched areas and less attracted, or possibly repelled, to the non-etched areas.
In another embodiment of the invention, the plate making processes 100 and 500 as described herein can be used for certain critical layers, while standard plate making processes using electromechanical or laser engraving can be used for non-critical layers.
The patterned plates described above can then be used in printing processes to print fine-featured articles, such as thin film transistors (TFTs) that require high resolution.
In one embodiment of the invention as shown in
In an alternative embodiment of the invention, as shown in
As discussed above, in order to create a functional electronic circuit, such as a TFT, the various layers must line up, interconnect, or otherwise register with each other. Also, it is desired to have a channel length 610 as small as possible. Such precise registration and fine printing of features can be achieved by printing stations described below and depicted in
In one embodiment of the invention, as illustrated in
Inking system 806 can comprise a simple spray system or roller system where a low-viscosity ink is applied to plate 802 to fill the etched features. Excess ink can be removed by various means, such as a doctor blade. Alternatively, inking system 806 can comprise a high precision ink jet system. Use of an ink jet system reduces the amount of ink used as the ink jet system can be programmed to deposit ink on plate 802 only where desired.
Substrate 602 can be mounted to cylinder 808 by fastening means as described above in such a way as to allow a portion of substrate 602 to be released from cylinder 808 while the remaining portion stays in intimate contact with cylinder 808. This may be beneficial, for instance, in effective transfer of substrates to and from cylinder 808. For example, a series of small holes could be used to produce a vacuum and hold substrate 602 to cylinder 808. The vacuum can be applied to only a portion of the holes allowing a gripper to grip substrate 602 and subsequently remove substrate 602 from cylinder 808 when the vacuum is terminated.
To print, substrate 602 is mounted to cylinder 808. Cylinder 808 is translated vertically to ensure that contact with sufficient pressure will occur as slidable carriage 804 is adjusted in a two-dimensional plane and plate 802 is brought into contact with substrate 602 mounted to cylinder 808. Cylinder 808 rotates as plate 802 is passed under cylinder 808, bringing substrate 602 into contact with plate 802. Ink is applied to plate 802 by inking system 806 as plate 802 is moved. A doctor blade 810, or similar device, can be used to force ink into the etched areas of plate 802 and/or to remove excess ink from plate 802.
In an alternative embodiment, as shown in
In yet another embodiment, cylinder 908 is directly etched using a fabrication process similar to that described in process 100. A photoresist can be imaged in a planar state, and then removed from a printing plate. The photoresist is then mounted to the outer surface of cylinder 908 and etched by either wet or dry etching processes as described above. A printing system similar to printing system 900 is used to print fine features, such as electronic circuits. An inking system applies ink to the etched cylinder. As substrate 602, mounted to a sliding stage, is passed under the etched cylinder as it rotates, ink is transferred from the cylinder to the substrate. Subsequent curing and/or printing stations allow multiple layers to be printed with precise registration, resulting in high resolution features.
In another embodiment of the invention, a printing station is designed similarly to printing station 900 in
In another embodiment of the invention depicted in
In any of the aforementioned embodiments of printing system 950, printing station 952 a deposits a first material on substrate 602. After the first features are deposited on substrate 602, such as source 604 and drain 606 depicted in
Additional printing steps and/or curing steps can be repeated until a complete TFT, such as is depicted in
In another embodiment, printing station 800 or 900 is used to print multiple layers of an electronic device by changing the plates after each layer is printed, keeping the substrate attached to the cylinder of flat stage, respectively, until the printing of the multiple layers is completed. Therefore, a single printing station can be used for some or all of the printed layers. In an alternative embodiment, multiple plates can be attached to carriage 804 so as to allow a more continuous process of printing multiple layers rather than changing plates. In yet another alternative embodiment, multiple cylinders and printing plates may be used in printing system 900 such that stage 814 with substrate 602 can pass under each of the cylinders allowing for multiple layers to be printed on a single system.
Referring generally to
The printing systems, printing plates, and methods of printing as described herein allow for a gravure-type printing of fine features, including features of 10 microns or less, with minimal substrate distortion, using low viscosity inks, achieving uniform ink lay-down, or deposition. As described above, gravure printing has never before been capable of printing such fine features. However, by incorporating a photolithography process to etch a gravure-type plate, unexpected results, such as fine resolutions for the purposes of printing electrical circuits and circuit elements, have been accomplished. Furthermore, by incorporating a polishing step, it was found that the occurrence of flaws was significantly reduced resulting in more precise printing of electrical circuits and circuit elements. Resolution aside, by etching the plate a single time rather than a semiconductor wafer that requires multiple stages of etching, the method of creating the imaged pattern plate can reduce waste, reduce cost, and reduce the time compared to the traditional production of electrical devices.
The invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the essential attributes thereof; therefore, the illustrated embodiments should be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive.
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Migration and social mobility
The life chances of Britain's minority ethnic communities
Distributed for Policy Press at the University of Bristol
56 pages
Drawing on data from the ONS Longitudinal Survey, this report traces patterns of intergenerational social mobility for children from different ethnic groups growing up in England and Wales. The study focuses on children born between the late 1950s and mid 1970s. Measures of their progress and class position are compared, for the first time, with those of their parents. The report therefore provides a unique insight into 'parent-to-child' class transitions across 'first' (immigrant) and 'second' generations. Taking advantage of the new question on religion in the 2001 Census, the report also asks whether patterns of intergenerational mobility vary by religious affiliation and whether religion can add to our understanding of ethnic group differences. Migration and social mobility is essential reading for all those wishing to know more about the extent and nature of ethnic minority achievement and disadvantage.
For more information, or to order this book, please visit http://www.press.uchicago.edu
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Debs at War: 1939-1945Paperback
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- Publisher: Phoenix (an Imprint of The Orion Publishing Group Ltd )
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- Publication date: 4 May 2006
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An extraordinary account - from firsthand sources - of upper class women and the active part they took in the War Pre-war debutantes were members of the most protected, not to say isolated, stratum of 20th-century society: the young (17-20) unmarried daughters of the British upper classes. For most of them, the war changed all that for ever. It meant independence and the shock of the new, and daily exposure to customs and attitudes that must have seemed completely alien to them. For many, the almost military regime of an upper class childhood meant they were well suited for the no-nonsense approach needed in wartime. This book records the extraordinary diversity of challenges, shocks and responsibilities they faced - as chauffeurs, couriers, ambulance-drivers, nurses, pilots, spies, decoders, factory workers, farmers, land girls, as well as in the Women's Services. How much did class barriers really come down? Did they stick with their own sort? And what about fun and love in wartime - did love cross the class barriers?
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Anne de Courcy is a well-known writer and journalist. In the 1970s she was Woman's Editor on the London Evening News and in the 1980s she was a regular feature-writer for the Evening Standard. She is also a former feature writer and reviewer for the Daily Mail. Her recent books include THE VICEROY'S DAUGHTERS and DEBS AT WAR. Go to www.annedecourcy.com for more information.
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A tale of derring-do, make do and make-up... De Courcy reveals the innocence and bravery of these young women. EXPRESS DEBS AT WAR covers a quirky and original subject and tells some cracking human interest stories. HAM & HIGH an irresistible account of high spirits, derring-do and real old-fashioned bravery EVENING STANDARD


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Faculty FinderChristine El HaddadAssistant Professor of Clinical Management and Organization
USC Marshall School of Business
Los Angeles, CA 90089-0808Phone:213-740-0557Education:PhD, University of Southern California; MBA, BBA, American University of Beirut
Christine El-Haddad's areas of expertise include business and corporate strategy. As a management consultant, she has advised and consulted with various organizations in the areas of strategic planning and program development. During her doctoral studies, she received an award for Excellence in Teaching. She has also received recognition for her teaching from the Office of the Vice-Dean for Undergraduate Programs. Dr. Haddad has substantial experience in designing educational programs and conferences. She recently designed the Business Strategy course for the Iovine and Young Academy, a new groundbreaking USC program aimed at empowering the next generation of disruptive inventors across various industries


text:
Looks – Incredibly Soft, Pale Yellow and Brown
I think brushes are essential to good makeup, but expensive brushes are NOT essential to good makeup. I used a cheap random brush I found at my boyfriend's mom's house (of all things I forgot, I forgot my 239!) to apply this look. It didn't go on as pigmented, perhaps, as it would have with the 239, but I got a lovely soft look that worked just as well. Even though the brush was cheap (and it wasn't even really the right brush to use for shadow application, LOL), it felt relatively soft and worked out. So, moral of the story? Quality brushes can be found to fit any budget.
I used Soft Ochre paint pot on lid, Goin' Bananas eyeshadow (LE) on inner lid, Evening Aura eyeshadow (LE) on middle of lid, Espresso eyeshadow on outer lid and crease, Femme-fi eyeshadow (LE) to highlight brow, Graphblack technakohl on lower lash line, and Plushlash mascara on lashes. I had Suncentered Color Forms powder (LE) on cheeks. I wore Tropic Glow slimshine (LE) with Nymphette lipglass on my lips.
** These are recommendations for dupes based on permanent colors available — may not necessarily be identical; they are the closest I can think of!
Goin' Bananas = Bright Sunshine; Evening Aura = Goldmine + Orange; Femme-fi = Shroom; Suncentered = Cantaloupe; Tropic Glow = Lovelorn
Discussion and debate are highly encouraged, and we expect community members to participate respectfully. When asking a question, please check the FAQ section (above) for information about purchasing, price, dupes, and the like. If you have general feedback or need technical support, please contact us.
Comments that include advertisements, self-promotion, insults, etc. may be in violation of our comment policy and subject to deletion. Please see our comment policy for more information.


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Al Aseel Jubba Thobe length 60
Al Aseel is the one of the most popular thobes available in the middle east. The manufacturer is renowned for its quality, carefully selecting the best materials and using fine taylors to produce excellent quality thobes
This particular thobe is made from a light material has two side pockets and a left hand breast pocket. The thobes are available in two designs one of which hides the buttons on the chest, whilst on the other they are visible.
The al aseel jubba is a fine addition to any wardrobe, a crisp white jubba ideal for everyday use.
On this page you can purchase a thobe with a length of 60 but in different body frames, if your after a different length click on Al Aseel on the brands box on the right hand side of the page and then select your size.


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See definition in Oxford Advanced Learner's DictionarySyllabification: e·mo
Pronunciation: /ˈēmō/
(also emocore ˈimōˌkôr)
Definition of emo in English:
1A style of rock music resembling punk but having more complex arrangements and lyrics that deal with more emotional subjects.
Example sentences
- They were always a little too loud and clever to be emo.
- There is a very wide variety of emo.
- Half of the album is emo, the band have completely abandoned playing any jazz.
1.1An admirer of emo music or a member of the subculture associated with it: I'm not one of those emos who are always crying—I just want to make that clear
More example sentences
- There's no need to be scared of a group of emos as they're more likely to harm themselves than you.
- Now there are emos in schools nationwide, alongside the plethora of more established tribes.
- Discerning readers were offered tips for identifying emos: they were "driven by punk and emotion", wore "guyliner" and "manscarer" and were to be found "loitering in streets often dismal and in tears".
adjectiveBack to top
Denoting or relating to emo and its associated subculture: an emo band emo kids
More example sentences
- That emo crowd hates us but we don't care.
- The band's third full-length finds the quartet continuing to reach beyond the limits prescribed by their emo roots.
- The teenager fell in love with the fictitious guitarist who portrayed himself as a member of the "emo" subculture.
1990s: short for emotional hardcore.
Words that rhyme with emoprimo, supremo
Definition of emo in:
- British & World English dictionary
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed.
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= trending


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Magasinez avec confiance.
No d'article:
Vos économies :
199,58 $
Port et manutention :
9,98 $
(7 évaluations)
Cet article est présentement en rupture de stock. Veuillez vérifier plus tard.
Pour obtenir de plus amples renseignements, veuillez composer le 1-888-2020-888.
Mesures en pouces
38,5 po
40,5 po
43,5 po
47 po
Longueur de la manche
32,75 po
33,25 po
33,75 po
34,25 po
Tour d'ourlet
45 po
50 po
53,5 po
30,75 po
31 po
31,5 po
32 po
(Fondée sur 7 évaluations)
la répartition des notes
5 Etoiles
4 Etoiles
3 Etoiles
2 Etoiles
1 Etoiles
des répondants recommanderaient à un ami.
Compte rendu par 7 clients
Trier par
L'affichage d'évaluation 1-7
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Very Pleased with Jacket
Par Happy Shopper
de Ontario
This jacket fits very well and is very flattering. The quality is very impressive. As usual delivery was on time. Very Pleased!
En résumé
Oui, je recommanderais ceci à un ami
Est-ce que vous avez trouvé ce commentaire utile?
Oui / Non
- Vous pouvez aussi
signaler un probléme avec l'évaluation
Nice Jacket!!!
Par Love to Shop
de PEMBROKE
Very pleased with the fit and quality of the leather, not to mention the price. Perfect jacket for those cooler days in the fall or early spring.
Love this jacket!
Par Chat Noir
de Winnipeg, MB
I don't understand the previous comments. My size is L and this jacket in size L fits me perfectly. The quality of the leather is fantastic. I love everything about this jacket. There are no negatives for me. I also bought the Zip Front Short Leather Jacket by Jones New York, and it is also gorgeous. Nothing else I have seen on Shopping Channel or elsewhere has come close to the quality, fit, and perfection of this line of leather.
Nice Jackets
Par Joannie The Natural
de Calgary
I ordered the short brown jacket and another jacket similar to this one in brown. According to the size chart, Medium would not only fit, it would be roomy. That size chart is way off. I'm a medium top and bottom and both jackets were way too small. Not even sure a large would have fit. Very disappointed as I loved both jackets. I'd still recommend this line with the caution about the sizing
( 3 of 3 clients ont trouvé ce commentaire utile)
I liked this jacket
Par CAROL
de TORONTO
I received my jacket this morning. I agree that the sizing on the website is wrong. But looking at Katie in the pic wearing this jacket and knowing how tiny she is I ordered a size large instead of my usual medium and it fits fine. The style and leather are very nice that is why I ordered this particular piece. I would say that definately if you are larger than a medium then this jacket will not fit you, but the price for the quality of the leather is worth ordering and see. My favourite designer on the shopping channel starts with a "G" you cannot beat his style and workmanship. I don't think that I will order from Jones again. But happy with this purchase.
En résumé
Non, je ne recommanderais pas ceci à un ami
( 4 of 4 clients ont trouvé ce commentaire utile)
Poor Qality, Wrong sizing.
Par Laura
This is my second review of this item. The first one did not get published. I had to order this item twice hoping it would be as advertized (sizing and quality of leather), but it was not. Leather has lots of defects, not as soft as it looks on the picture. Size of the garment in the website is larger than actual one, so it doesn't fit properly. For this price it woul be gtreat to have quality check before it is shipped out. Like the design though. Very disappointed.
what a disappointment
Par ARLENE
de CAMROSE
this is the style of leather jacket that appeals to me. as soon as i tried it on i immediately knew it was not for me. it was extremely small and uncomfortable. i guess i've been spoiled by another retailler at tsc but at least i know i won't order from this line again. the one positive was that the leather seemed to be good quality.


text:
The judging has been completed in a national sculpture competition that's been described as edgy and inspirational by visitors to North Charleston's Riverfront Park.
The winner: Bunny, a large blue steel sculpture of a stylized rabbit head.
"I am very humbled and honored to be chosen," said Texas artist Jeffie Brewer. "Riverfront Park is a wonderful space and it is a pleasure to see Bunny in that environment among so many other great sculptures."
Bunny and the eight other entries in the juried competition will remain on display in the park through March 2014.
The competition is in its eighth year and is help in conjunction with the North Charleston Arts Festival, help May 4-11. Photos of the sculptures from last year's competition can be seen on the festival website.
Reach David Slade at 937-5552 or Twitter @DSladeNews.
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Home > Field Hockey > 2010 Championship > Rutgers vs Syracuse > Item# 349494
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"Thanks so much. Just got a print I ordered in the mail. It is perfect and Looking at some other things now ..."
– Scott from Oklahoma
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Gonzalez hoping day of rest is enough for sore hamstring
Shortstop Marwin Gonzalez was back in the starting lineup after sitting out Friday to rest the tender right hamstring that has hampered him for more than a week. "I hope the day off Friday helped me feel better today," he said. The Astros called up minor-league journeyman Gregorio Petit on Friday to provide cover for […] [Read More]
Hernandez gets another shot in center a day after miscue
One day after his error led to the two unearned runs in a 2-0 loss against the Marlins, rookie utility man Kike Hernandez was back in center field Saturday night for the Astros. "When you look at the options that we have as far as the outfield goes, he's athletic, he's got a strong arm, […] [Read More]
McHugh cleared to start on Sunday in series finale
Righthander Collin McHugh has been cleared to come off the disabled list and start Sunday in the series finale against the Marlins at Minute Maid Park. McHugh, who struck out five over five innings of one-run ball in a rehab assignment Tuesday with Class AAA Oklahoma City, has not pitched in the majors since suffering […] [Read More]
Appel set for promotion to Class AA Corpus Christi
STOCKTON, Calif. — Mark Appel is set to be promoted to Class AA Corpus Christi following his best start of the season on Thursday, a person familiar with the decision told the Chronicle. The first overall pick in the 2013 draft went six innings and struck out seven Thursday in a road start vs. Stockton, both […] [Read More]
Astros offense stymied as Marlins take series opener
Box score Shortly after addressing the media Friday night, Astros lefthander Dallas Keuchel walked over to the other side of the Astros' clubhouse to check on rookie utility man Kike Hernandez. Keuchel got close and whispered words of encouragement to Hernandez, who kept his head down and nodded back and forth before Keuchel gave him […] [Read More]
Nursing a tender hamstring, Marwin Gonzalez hopes to avoid DL stint
Utility infielder Marwin Gonzalez is optimistic that he won't land on the disabled list with the right hamstring tenderness that has bothered him for a week. "I can play, but I feel sore," he said. "It can get worse any time. I played the last three games like that, but I didn't even run. I […] [Read More]
Gregorio Petit rewarded with trip back to major leagues
After nurturing Kike Hernandez and several young prospects at Class AAA Oklahoma City all season, infielder Gregorio Petit earned his own call to the majors and joined the Astros on Friday to provide cover while Marwin Gonzalez nurses a tender right hamstring. Petit got the call over opening day starter Jonathan Villar. "We just felt […] [Read More]
Collin McHugh ready to roll after successful bullpen session
Astros righthander Collin McHugh threw a bullpen session Friday afternoon at Minute Maid Park, passing the final hurdle in his quest to come off the 15-day disabled and start in the next few days. McHugh hasn't pitched in the majors since suffering a right middle fingernail avulsion on July 6 against the Angels. He made […] [Read More]
Duquette's comparison to Aiken doesn't hold true to Kazmir
OAKLAND — Scott Kazmir was the 15th overall draft pick in 2002 as a high school lefthanded pitcher out of Cypress Falls high school who was raved about nationally. When he was examined prior to signing with the Mets, there was something related to his elbow that raised a red flag. The Mets gave him […] [Read More]
Feldman, offense no match for Samardzija as A's take series finale in a rout
Box score OAKLAND — Maybe in the National League, being pitted against Jeff Samardzija could've been a little enjoyable for Scott Feldman. He'd get to swing it. "We were talking, it probably would be a little more fun if we were hitting off each other," Feldman said of his 2013 Cubs teammate. "When you're in […] [Read More]
Hot-hitting Krauss gets call from Class AAA to replace injured Springer
OAKLAND — OAKLAND — Marc Krauss was swinging well for a while at Class AAA Oklahoma City for some time: a .289 average, a .375 on-base percentage with five home runs in 42 games. There just wasn't a logical place for him on the Astros' big league roster, although the team did consider promoting him […] [Read More]
Athletics rough up Peacock, hold on late to even series
Scoreboard OAKLAND — Brad Peacock waded into trouble early again Wednesday, this time with a longer leash. Now his job in the rotation may be tenuous. The A's tagged Peacock for three home runs in a 9-7 Astros loss Wednesday, a game that for most of the night appeared headed for an A's blowout before […] [Read More]
Astros holding out hope Crain, Albers can pitch this season
OAKLAND — In a parallel universe, Jesse Crain returned to the Astros in late April and flashed the dominant form he showed in the first half of 2013. The Astros would these days be taking calls constantly from contenders who want the reliever by the July 31 non-trade deadline, and the Astros would feel comfortable […] [Read More]
Judge returns Crane-McLane-Comcast lawsuit to state court
Astros owner Jim Crane's lawsuit against Comcast, NBC Universal and former Astros owner Drayton McLane, stemming from the 2011 sale of the Astros and McLane's share in Comcast SportsNet Houston, was returned to state district court Tuesday by U.S. Bankruptcy Judge Marvin Isgur. Isgur, who is presiding over the main CSN Houston bankruptcy case, stayed […] [Read More]
Nagging quad strain leads to George Springer landing on DL
OAKLAND — Turns out it's the other leg that's bothering George Springer. The Astros star rookie was put on the 15-day disabled list Wednesday ahead of the second game of three against the A's. The official listing was a left quad strain, and Marc Krauss was recalled from Class AAA Oklahoma City in his place. […] [Read More]
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text:
You will need:
Different colors of yarn
Thick Cardboard
Step 1: Makeing your Weaver
Cut a circle (about 2'' diameter) out of thick cardboard.
Poke a hole in the middle of the circle. (about the same size if you used a holepunch)
Cut four slots, (On a watch, it would be at 12, 3, 6, and 9) and then cut slots inbetween those, so you have 8 slots.
Step 2: Starting the Bracelet
Tie the yarns together so you have about 5'' left on one end. Now tie another knot so there are two knots half an inch apart.
Put the seven strands of yarn through the hole so that the two knots are on the bottom.
Step 3: Weaving it
Pull the strand that is three away from the slot, (see second picture), and put it in the extra slot. Now where that strand was, is the new extra slot. You can turn it again so that the slot is on the bottom and repeat the process.
Step 4: Finishing up
Unhook all the strands form the cardboard and pull out the bracelet. Be careful not to unravle the end. Tie a knot at the edge of the weaving and cut off the extra yarn.
To tie the clasp, put the single knot between the two knots on the end.
Your bracelet is done! Have fun making and wearing it!


text:
Posted: Friday, June 14, 2013 11:21 AM
Sheryl Crow Tickets Catoosa OK The Joint Hard Rock Hotel & CasinoSee Sheryl Crow in Catoosa OK at The Joint - Hard Rock Hotel & Casino Tulsa with tickets from the MyCityRocks Ticket Exchange.
June 21, 2013.
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The Vegan Experience, Day 0
Wow. Considering the allergy thing, this is quite the undertaking, Kenji. I'm super curious to see how it goes. Good Luck!
Line cook aspiring to become a chef by running an underground restaurant--Tournant
Wow. Considering the allergy thing, this is quite the undertaking, Kenji. I'm super curious to see how it goes. Good Luck!
@Mizbee- i have the exact same problem.
I'd skip the Gelpro and just visit your local restaurant supply house and see what they have to offer. Gelpro seems a little Paltrow-y.
my shun 4ever!
Saigon Vietnamese Sandwich is THE SHIZZ. I'm from Seattle and i make a point of going there every time I'm in New York. I seriously have been carrying their card in my wallet for years just cuz. The first sandwich I had there led me to finding a Vietnamese chef to work for in Seattle at a banh mi shop just so I could learn the recipes. (Eric Banh, Baguette Box, Monsoon, Ba Bar)
I often see a classic bechamel recipe call for hot milk as is seen here. But when I make it for whatever reason I never bother to heat the milk separately; i just add cold milk to my roux and heat it from there. Would using heated milk make nay real difference besides taking slightly longer to thicken?
HA! Never thought I'd see haterade for Cakespy! Hilarious!
Not exactly what you're looking for but here Kenji FTW, again.
4chan wants their meme back.
Kenji's got the goods, and this link has a link to a foolproof recipe.For seasoning, I like just s+p and big herbs, rosemary, sage.
The French Laundry cookbook
and a trip to Australia...
Maneki is THE place.
For a westernized banh mi, try Baguette Box on Capitol Hill and in Fremont. Run by Chef Eric Banh of Monsoon.
WASABI PEAS!!! I had almost forgot about them. It's seems they've gone out of style; I don't see them in the bulk bins like I used to...
Yes, go the Pike Place Market. Coming in October will help you avoid being caught up in the ZOMG THE FISH THROWING GUYZ TAKE A PICTURE OF ME WITH THEM1111 crowd, but not too much. Things to get here, tourist edition: punk rock fresh fried mini donuts, hum bao, Beecher's cheese, samples from the vendors, and if you really have to you can WALK BY the original Starbucks, but please, as far as coffee in Seattle goes, SB is McDonalds. Try Vivace or just about anywhere else.
I second the rec for Tilth. Maria Hines is the best chef in the city right now. This place is the crown jewel of the NW local/seasonal/organic/slow food movement. It's in the Wallingford neighborhood, not the University District as mentioned above. Get a reservation.
I'd say a stop by Paseo is a must. It's an amazing Cuban sandwich joint (well, two, one in Fremont, one in Ballard) that cannot be beat. On the sandwich tip, I second the rec for Salumi, but, yeah you gotta wait in line...
If Asian cuisine is your thing, you gotta hit the ID, like @czken said. Off the top of my head: Maneki- a really old and well regarded Japanese place, Samurai Noodle-great little ramen shop which is outside Uwajimaya, a big Asian market that is fun to explore in itself.
RE: Ivar's, Anthony's, touristy waterfront places
If that's your thing, great, go have some chowder or whatever. But it's like a hot dog at Coney Island...it's just a hot dog and you look like a tourist. If you're looking for the NW seafood experience, check out Etta's or Steelhead Diner in the market or..... Blueacre Seafood, a new place just opened by the same chef, Kevin Davis.
You've already got the standard Tom Douglas suggestions, so I'll give props to another great NW chef, Matt Dillon. His restaurant Sitka & Spruce just moved into a market-type space that is also home to a sustainable butcher, local cheese shop, NW wine bar and a bunch of other cool stuff. He also runs the Corson Building, which is a prix-fixe, community table, chef-cooks-what-he-wants-family-style dinner "experience". Pricey, reservations required, and I don't know if he does it in October, but worth it.
pastry chef/VAMPIRE
The only real kitchen superstition I've seen cooks hold to involves predicting the flow of business before service. It's always bad luck to jinx the service by saying "it's gonna be slow tonight". Never say that. It always means you will spend the night in the weeds, especially if you've been lazy and only prepped enough for a slow service.
@heartofglass--I have a feeling this book set would fall under the non-circulating reference section. And if not, it's not the kind of thing you could even scratch the surface of in the few short weeks of a library loan, and knowing the popularity of good cookbooks in the Seattle Public Library System, this thing will have about 1000 holds on it the minute it publishes. (it's not there yet, I looked it up) At that price I doubt the library system would purchase more than one per branch, at the most.
Can you tell I used to date a librarian?
@simon--You're probably right. I couldn't afford it even if it was $200 right now but...damn. I went from having the skeptical attitude of the Gawker article I linked to this morning to DROOOOL I CAN HAZ NOWW????
Xmas wish list item #1.
Reviews from the Amazon page, or rather, blurbs that will appear on the back cover, most likely:
"This book will change the way we understand the kitchen." --Ferran Adrià
"The most important book in the culinary arts since Escoffier." --Tim Zagat
"The cookbook to end all cookbooks." --David Chang
"A fascinating overview of the techniques of modern gastronomy." --Heston Blumenthal
"Amazing! Unparalleled in its breadth and depth." --Wylie Dufresne
The more I read about it, the sexier it seems....
I'll give it a year or two to decline in price and maybe, yeah, I'll pick it up.
Or send your donations to:
Serious Eats Savings and Loan
re: buy sailordave a really expensive set of cookbooks
New York, NY 10001
@simon--I'm sure it would be great inspiration and knowledge for quite awhile. Having access to that kind of equipment is another thing altogether. Yeah, I'm a chef, but not one that has the clout to even dream of purchasing MG stuff. I have a hard enough time getting my GM to pay for regular old pots and pans. And to speak to your handbag/shoe analogy, I'm wondering if MG cooking is another fad or something that will integrate itself into mainstream kitchens, such as mine.
@MissBrownEyes--- I'm with you there. I don't like to worry about what I eat any more than I have to. My issue is with processed foods and their ubiquity in the American diet. Studies like this help us get an edge on reversing the attitude that chemically laden crap-food is acceptable. If we, as a nation, can adopt a better, more realistic view of food and therefore, with our buying power, force large manufacturers to change their processes and ingredients to reflect this view, then I have even less to worry about.
Flour and Water
Well, America is into faddy everything, right? So with food now being fashionable, we have fads right along with it. I'd also say it has something to do with internet/information access/short attention spans/memes, but I'm too heavily afflicted with cultural ADD to flesh that concept out.
Hey guys--I'm going to Australia to visit a lady friend in February and will have lots of time on my hands while she's at work, I'd like to give myself a great culinary tour of Sydney but I have almost no idea where to go. Has any of y'all been there and had a great meal somewhere? Any prominent Aussie chefs I should look into? What's goin' down down under?
sidenote: do you think i can effectively troll the locals by asking them to tell me where the "original" Outback Steakhouse is? lulz
Not that I wouldn't appreciate having this book, or set of books, but for that much cash, I want a beginner's set of MG equipment or at least a beer cooler ala Kenji included in the price.
Is this a reasonable price for a probably artful and well presented exploration of MG technique or is it like buying the manual to a fighter jet when you're an RC plane hobbyist?
"Pancreatic tumor cells use fructose to divide and proliferate, U.S. researchers said on Monday in a study that challenges the common wisdom that all sugars are the same."
You may be tired of this debate, no matter what side you're on. But I think this report could be the start of an even larger, scientifically-proven backlash against the corn industry and their lobbyists.
I'm excited, are you?
So, quick background here, I'm lead cook at a small private college in Seattle. I just had the chance to meet the class of incoming freshman this last week and cook for them during our registration/tour/meet'n'greet extravaganza. It turns out many of these incoming students are vegans, enough so that we'll have to make some serious changes in the next school year in the way we cook our three meals a day for 400-500.
Our services break down like this: We'll have two "mainstage" items. This will be the featured entrees for that service. One of these items will always be vegetarian. They might be variations of same thing, like a meat lasanga and a veggie lasagna, or completely different, like a chicken marsala and a pasta primavera. On top of this we run a grill for burgers and chicken and such and a giant pizza oven for pizza, of course, and whatever else we can fire in a high-temp oven, along with several grab n' go items and a salad/deli bar.
My first idea on dealing with our vegan uprising is to make every vegetarian option a vegan option. This would take care of the "veg" crowd a a two-birds-one-stone kind of way. (although that crowd would unhappy with that analogy!) Another idea is too make the salad/veggie bar and grab n' go items much more vegan friendly. Why not do both, you ask? Well, I could, and I should, but (and here's the heart of this post) how?
I don't want to rely on fake meat products. They ones that actually taste good are very expensive and would kill my food cost. I can't do tofu/tempeh all the time. I hate hate hate with a passion fake cheese products. Nutritional yeast smells and tastes like jock strap. So I'm left with veggies and grains.
Vegans out there: what do you suggest? What would you like to see if you were a student at my school? What do you like that could be made on a large scale? What are you sick of seeing on menus as vegan options? Any cookbook suggestions?
Hey all, does anyone know of a good how-to book on starting out in the restaurant business? AKA How to Lose All Your Money and Be Miserable in Several Difficult Steps? I want to learn how to run my supper club like a real business so when I do eventually go legit, I'm more prepared. Any advice?
Yes, it's a rip-off of the adult-swim-style-old-school-cartoon-hero thing and I pretty much hate fast food chains for several reasons but this Taco Bell ad is kinda funny:
Just a few gems from this Twittter meme/trend...I believe it was started by @ruthbourdain....
@bearsdada--Rachael Raydon
@Foodie_Dudi--Marco Pierre Shite
@mamasolskitche--Giardia De Laurentiis
@phillygirl6--Mace of Cakes
@Frodneso--Heston Blumpkinthal
@tournant--Grant Auschwitz
@phillygirl6--Great Britain's Test Kitchen
@SteveJerma--Anthony Boy-R-Dain
@kelleil--Todd Spanglish
@SteveJerman--Wolfgang Wiffleball
@sharonjoy76--The Birkenstock Contessa
@elutz--Julia Toddler
@AKesq--Luigi Batali
I love Serious Eats, I really do. But I'm in search of a food site that focuses on the professional side of things. A forum where chefs and cooks who work in the industry can get together and talk about everything from recipes to equipment to kitchen politics and management to industry buzz, etc, etc. Is there a good place on the tubes to do this? That's NOT Chef2Chef? Because Chef2Chef is weak, ugly, and poorly maintained. It looks and feels like MySpace for chefs.
El Bulli Academy?
10 courses for 8 people. Thoughts?
The menu, in order of service:
Brandy Chicken Liver Mousse
Local Mussels with Fresh Pico
Bacon Candy
Baby Red Garlic Potato Fritters
/bearnaise sauce/
Local Braised Winter Greens
/pinenuts/parmigiano reggiano/
Handmade Quail Ravioli
/green pea puree/truffle/ricotta/
Chocolate Milkshake Shot
/creme anglaise/dark chocolate/
Roasted Bone Marrow
/parsley salad/crostini/
Class War Madelines
/cornbread/caviar/creme fraiche/
and to finish...
Housemade Basil Ice Cream
So MIT has come up with a "food printer". The article doesn't go into how this damn thing works or provide any pictures of the printed "food", and makes the claim that this could be the most "green" way too cook....err, print?
Heard about this in a tweet from @linecook "This is just stupid. Hipsters need to lay off the Geico commercials."
I'd like to see these fools and a gang of vegans in a big 'ole "who has the cooler diet" brawl."
From the NY Times:
Hey, guys, I could use some ideas for my family xmas dinner this year. Since y'all are so great at brainstorming about what goes with what I thought I'd ask! (this is a dinner for 15 ppl btw)
What I'm for sure doing:
Prime rib the Kenji/Alton way with horseradish sour cream sauce
Chantrelle risotto
Jalapeno cheddar corn bread
Garlic mashed potatoes
Maybe some minted peas?
This is all I have so far. I obviously need more veggies, and also app type stuff to have out as family arrives. What do you think? Too much starch with the risotto and potatoes? I'm putting the menu together tonight and shopping tomorrow.
This xmas dinner I'm doing a from-scratch cassoulet for 20+ people. I've been looking at some recipes today and I can't decide on exactly what to do.
I want it to be traditional, made with authentic ingredients, and, of course, blow-your-mind amazing. But, it also needs to be somewhat "do-able" in the sense that I can find all the ingredients I need and it doesn't require a through knowlegde of french cuisine and mastery of obscure techniques. I'm a professional cook, but I'm no Escoffier or Julia.
Of the recipes I've looked at I like Bourdain's and a few others. Should I take bits and pieces from recipes I like and make my own adaption or just follow a solid recipe? I also looked into buying the cassoulet kit from D'Artangan; has anyone used it?
What do y'all think? And damn I'm probably gonna need two large dutch ovens, right?
Study shows our friend high fructose corn syrup is linked to hypertenion.
I'm going put individual size pot pies on the menu at work and i'm wondering what the best way to handle storage and service. When i make them ahead, what's the best way to store them? I'm afraid that long-term refridgeration will make my bottom crust soggy but freezing them will make my fire time too long. Has any of you done this before?
Back in colllege I loved to go dumpster diving. It was fun, it was dirty, it felt revolutionary and it always resulted in loads of free eats. We'd hit the alleys behind grocery stores and restaurants (mosty pizza places) and carry home days worth of meals. The dumpsters around the dorms at the end of the semester were especially fruitful. Kids would throw out EVERYTHING THEY HAD before heading home for break. Shoes, furniture, brand new razors; I even got a brand-new printer in the box, and of course, lots of food, mostly packaged grub.
Now that I'm a professional cook, I have little reason to dumpster dive anymore. But I still think about it sometimes. How about the rest of you? Have you tried living off the dregs of society? What do you think?
This one is going out to all y'all in NYC and to folks with small apartments eveywhere.
I love to cook. I really do. But I have this problem where my kitchen at home is so damn tiny that I can hardly do anything in there without becoming frustrated and semi-claustrophobic. Nd this is really holding me back from improving my skills and expirimenting with new recipes. It's like riding a bike with a flat tire; it's just not that great.
Does anyone else have this problem?
Now, this isn't just me wishing I had more counter space, etc., it's more about dealing with a small kitchen and the limitations it places on you as far as wanting to really cook vs. Frozen pizza and the like.
Any great motivational ideas out there?
I'm wondering what you industry and other folks out there think about servers tipping out the kitchen. Where I work now as a linecook the kitchen gets a tiny amout of the servers tips. (Really almost nothing, like $30 a month)
I've also worked at places where it wasn't unusual for me to walk with $50 at the end of a shift on the line.
I know that in some states, such as CA, it's illeagal to make the servers tip out the kitchen. But I can't help but feeling that a kitchen deserves it. Yes, cooks make a higher wage than servers, but it's often the case that a server will make more in a shift than a cook. A cook works just as hard, if not harder, during a rush and yet, if the kitchen isn't being tipped out, he sees nothing for the extra blood, sweat and stress.
Now, you could turn that argument around and say that cooks get paid the same whether the restaurant is empty or not while servers only make signifigant $$ if the place is busy. To that I'll say that, current enonomic climate asisde) most restaurants can at least ball-park estimate how busy they'll be on a given night and staff the FOH accordingly.
What do y'all think? Do cooks deserve tips or should we be happy with our higher wage and the fact that we don't have to deal with the throbbing hordes?
Dre just lost several badass points in my book for appearing in a soda commercial. Last time I checked, selling HFCS wasn't very gangsta.
So I'm visiting NYC next month and I want to spend some money on a really, really amazing dining experience. I'd really like to go to Per Se, but I doubt I can get in. Where to go?
I need serious help with gnocchi! I've tried making it several times and have only met with failure. I'm using a basic potato gnocchi recipe,with egg. Most recipes I've read say to only use as much flour as is needed to form a decent dough. So I use as little as possible. After I boil them, they tend to fell apart, either right away if I'm setting them aside or as I'm cooking a sauce with them in it. A friend suggested immersing them in an ice bath immediately after boiling them, and that helped them hold together. But when I cook them in brown butter and sage, they again disintigrated. AAAARRRRRGGGGHH!!!!
My first thought is: maybe I need to use MORE flour? And knead that dough more to help develop gluten? Would that help? Maybe they wouldn't be so so light and fluffy but actually hold together?
Any ideas?
So we've all seen the ads. Burger King is doing mini burgers aka "burger shots". Jack in the Box just started doing the same. McD's is probably not far behind.
My restaurant has been serving mini bugers for a few years. They're awesome. I love 'em. They sell like crazy. They're 2.5 oz each and you get two per order for $13, with "frites". They come with gouda, dijon aioli, pickled jalapenos, and remoulade.
I hate, hate, hate the fact that you can now get the same basic thing at your local shitty corporate fast food shack.
My question: Should we take them off the menu? Should we switch to a fancy regular size burger? If we do that, considering cost, is 5 oz big enough? I think a $12 buger should be more like 8 oz. Raise the price? Am I being crazy? Is this no big deal? Or should I lean on my chef to change things up? Any opinions?
My doc says I gotta cut down on the salt (high BP) . I know the easy ways to cut down, i.e ixnay on ossessedpray oodsfay, use less in my cooking, etc., but what else? Anyone out there in the same sitch? What kids of spices do you use to sub for good ole salt?
Is there some type of food ot there that everybody you know swears by but that you can't stand? A tried and true classic that has a gross taste that you hate?
Mine: tomato soup. I've tried several different commercial brands as well as home and restaurant made but never found one I liked. Not even with the world's best grilled cheese sandwich.
What about y'all?
The last large hurrah for grilling this season is upon us. If you're anything like me, that means you'll be manning the grill and flipping burgers for a hungry crowd depending on you to make the best of their day off from work. With failure not an option in the high stakes of backyard cookouts, some grilling burger tips are in store to ensure bovine excellence. While a few of these tips will likely be a recap of knowledge already dropped, there are a few specifics for burgers done over the flames that are worth bearing out. More
So, quick background here, I'm lead cook at a small private college in Seattle. I just had the chance to meet the class of incoming freshman this last week and cook for them during our registration/tour/meet'n'greet extravaganza. It turns out... More
If you've only experienced the creaminess of chicken liver, try to imagine the indulgence of duck liver. Its texture, though a far cry from foie gras, approaches the richness of something that tastes too good to be a humble cut of offal sold for a pittance. More
The official start of the outdoor cooking season calls for some classics, and I can't think of anything better than these Dr. Pepper ribs. My most favorite of soft drinks served as the base of this sauce, which offers a tang and depth that will have everyone asking, "what's in this?!" More
My first introduction into the wonder of mojo sauce was one of the early seasons of Top Chef, where a contestant (the always entertaining, Howie from the Miami season) braised pork shoulder in a mojo sauce to rave reviews. But that's only the beginning of mojo, which I've discovered since then has many uses and variations. Mojo does triple-duty as a fiery marinade, a condiment, and as a tenderizer for meats, seafood and poultry. More
Fresh pasta is made from a few simple ingredients, using a straightforward method. But getting it just right requires some coaching, a lot of practice, and a few good tips. This primer from expert pasta-making chef Anna Klinger of Al Di La in Brooklyn can help get you started or put you back on track, and inspire you to make this recipe for casunsiei (beet and ricotta ravioli). More
Lighter, fresher, and just a little bit yuppier than the chickpea and tahini-based original, Green Pea Hummus is like the Pinkberry of the hummus world. More


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Complete Directory
Campus Tours
Cannon Survey Center
Cannon Survey Center (CSC) is committed to providing a broad range of data collection expertise, methodology, and capability to the UNLV campus community; state, city, and county agencies; public and private agencies; as well as other regional and national clients. Look to CSC for expertise in collecting data while maintaining scientific rigor and ethical oversight of the process. Surveys can be conducted online, via landline or cell phones, face-to-face in the field, or as focus groups.
CCSD Counselor Football Game and Tailgate
High school guidance counselors from the Clark County School District are invited by the admissions team to this social event with the goal of building relationships for an improved impact on recruitment at local high schools.
CCSD Counselors Seminar
The College of Sciences presents two-hour seminars to all Clark County School District junior and senior high school guidance counselors.
CCSD School Board Presentations
The UNLV Genomic Facility and Bioinformatics Center give presentations to the Clark County School District school board on biotechnology in the classroom.
CCSD Science and Math Department Chairs Seminar
UNLV provides campus tours, informational sessions, and workshops for science and math department chairs at Clark County Junior High and High Schools.
Center for Educational Policy Studies
The center is a scholarly research center where College of Education faculty and graduate students engage in in-depth education policy study, research, and program evaluation for the purpose of contributing to K-12 school improvement.
Center for Mathematics, Science, and Engineering Education
The center brings together faculty and resources of the College of Sciences, College of Education, and Clark County School District with the goal of improving the quality of science and mathematics instruction in the school district.
Center for Research, Evaluation and Assessment
A major academic center that provides initial consultation on statistical and research methodologies. For researchers not yet experienced in empirical methods, the center provides expert advice on sampling, questionnaire construction, and the analyses of data. The center is concerned with emotional, behavioral, and cognitive aspects of human behavior as well as related issues in education and student behavior. Administration and scoring of online student course evaluations are available to UNLV departments.
Center for Sports Education
The center is dedicated to advancing the field of sports education through creation of new instructional methodologies, evaluation of coaching behaviors, and athletic performance. The scholarly institute supports several initiatives such as Youth First, a parent/coach orientation program; The Southern Nevada Consortium for Youth Sports and Fitness, a collaborative clearinghouse supporting the efforts of public and private organizations providing youth sports.
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Stanley David McClain, 56, of Racine, Ohio passed away on May 27, 2013.
He was born on September 14, 1956 in Mason, West Virginia son of Wilbert Jack McClain of Racine and Maxine Coffman of Cleveland.
In addition to his parents, he is survived by his son, Brian (Karla)McClain; sister, Tammy and one grandchild, Branden, Step-Daughter, Renee and nephew Jeremy Hale.
Funeral services were held on Friday, May 31, 2013 at 12:00pm at the Anderson McDaniel Funeral Home in Racine. Burial will follow at Greenwood Cemetery.
Visiting time will be on Friday from 11am to 12pm at the funeral home in Racine. A registry is available at www.andersonmcdaniel.com.


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Tolkien Gateway:Copyrights/Grant Gould
- Grant Gould has kindly granted his permission to use his artwork on Tolkien Gateway.
- Date: 4 January 2012
- User who sought the permission via email: User:Mith


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German holiday carrier Condor is still planning to offer Lufthansa Systems' BoardConnect wireless in-flight entertainment to passengers, although the time frame for doing so has slipped a little bit to the right, RWG has learned.
The airline is in the process of taking over two aircraft from another airline, and refurbishing them with its own interiors. Once that project is finished, Lufthansa Systems will begin installing BoardConnect on one of the aircraft, a 767, and later on the rest of Condor's fleet.
"The equipment is ready," says a spokesman for Lufthansa Systems, a subsidiary of the Lufthansa Group. He adds that the launch "will definitely be within this year".
BoardConnect is based on a Wi-Fi network which passengers can log on to through seat-back screens or their own laptops, tablet PCs, smartphones or other WiFi-enabled devices to access a range of video and audio on demand, games and other content.
One of the big questions about wireless IFE is whether it can adequately support a plane-full of passengers using the service.
"Regarding the number of people who can use it, if you want, everybody can use it. Every access point we have to install can technically cover 100 devices, but to have redundancy, we are calculating about 60 devices only. So we are installing as many access point as there are groups of 60 people on board," says the Lufthansa Systems spokesman.
That's good news, especially since Lufthansa Systems has been tapped to bring wireless IFE to Virgin America's fleet.
Meanwhile, a vigorous discussion about wireless IFE has been happening over at the LinkedIn in-flight entertainment group.
Ken Bantoft, co-Founder at Satcom Integration (and former EMS dude) notes:
"I'm m pretty sure this will gain traction, as it drastically lowers the cost for the airlines (installing IFE/AVOD Servers + Access points vs. complete seatback IFE system). The bigger question is will consumer grade WiFi (802.11n + future standards) work well enough in a high density environment like a cabin of 200+ people to provide the level of service required. Also – it solves my beef of being able to finish the movie at the hotel, since used to always miss the last 30 minutes if I was using onboard IFE
"802.11n WiFi will handle > 20 people, but not more than about 60 streaming users simultaneously. (Simple Math: 802.11n @ 300mbps / 2.5mbps per stream (SD streams) is 120 @ 100% efficiency. Assuming 50% efficiency and you have 60).
"As for what happens – depending on how well designed the system is, either everyone's quality will head into 'buffering…' hell, or the system should prevent new streams from starting 'Sorry, please try again later'. Adding access points will help with this, but at some point you hit saturation point of the airwaves and things start to fall down.
"There is a reason vendors are looking at 60ghz WiFi and other technologies for IFE equipment to solve this, but it's divergent technology, and takes us back to seat back equipment."
Of course, the honors for bringing the first wireless IFE system to market goes to Gogo, which recently launched its service on American Airlines 767s.


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ART 485 Senior Studio
A required seminar-studio course for all studio art majors. Students will examine contemporary theories and practices in art criticism, while developing a body of work for their senior exhibition. Course methods include slide lectures, selected readings, class discussions, and individual and group critiques. The completion of a portfolio and artist statement is also required. Prerequisite: Senior standing with a major in studio art.


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"Ladies started out doing Tupperware parties, but all that did was keep us stuck in the kitchen. Now you get a CHL (concealed handgun licensed) instructor and have a pistol party," said Amy Graves of Bond Arms. The gun industry is having a banner year – due very much to women. Read more about some of the fantastic women doing more than their part to empower women and welcome them to the world of gun ownership in this article.
Tag Archive for pistol parties
Ladies of the NRA: Having A Pistol Party!
Category: Beauty, Concealed Carry, Girl Power, Gun Rights, Sassy / Tags: 141st, Amy Graves, bra holster, Lisa Looper, National Rifle Association, NRA, pistol parties


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3 July, 2014@12:33 am
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Mad Decent: The debut single from your favorite reptilian Jersey Club prince has arrived, appropriately titled "Trippy's Theme". Over the past year, Trippy Turtle bootlegs and remixes have collected millions of soundcloud views and received early industry support from notorious producers and DJs scattered around the globe. At last, he has cooked up his first original single to be released commercially for the masses. Combining Trippy's whimsical production style and featuring vocals by Santell, "Trippy's Theme" is a delicious taste of everything we've been obsessing over since the get go. Join your pal Trippy Turtle as he takes you on a musical journey down rainbow road on a go cart made of Pokémon balls to his own paradise that bumps happy Jersey beats and bed squeaks for days.
Luckily, the fun doesn't stop there. TWRK, comprised of Benzi and eSenTRIK, infuse the single with their distinctive trap twist. The combination of Spank Rock's sizzling rhymes and TWRK's sexy 100-bpm flair, "Trippy's Theme (feat. Spank Rock) [TWRK Remix]" will have all amphibians, birds, fishes, invertebrates, reptiles, and mammals twerking 'til the break of dawn.
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