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A soft drink maker has a supply of soda water and various flavors housed in a cabinet. A user puts a container in a selected station on the cabinet and selects the size and flavor of the drink to be made and starts the machine. The machine senses the presence of the container in the station, dispenses soda water into the container in two measured and consecutive quantities, and dispenses into the container a measured quantity of the selected flavor syrup between the consecutive in-flows of soda water. Upon removal of the container from the station, the operation can be repeated. Various electrical interlocks make sure the proper sequence or cycle is followed.
1. A soft drink maker comprising a counter having a dispensing station adapted to support a container, a nozzle on said counter spaced above and arranged to discharge downwardly toward said container at said station, means for supplying and controlling water to said nozzle, locator means on said counter including a pair of converging locating side walls defining a container locator, said converging walls configured to abut the sides of said container for positioning said container relative to said station and said nozzle, optical sending and receiving means recessed within said locating walls for establishing a beam between said walls in a position interruptable by said container, a manual control, and means concurrently controlled by said manual control and said optical sending and receiving means for operating said water supplying and controlling means.
2. A device as in claim 1 including means for concurrently operating said water controlling means during a single cycle of a selectable duration, and means for interrupting said cycle prior to the end of said duration upon removal of said opaque container from a position between said sender and said receiver.
A soft drink maker includes a cabinet having a water supply, preferably carbonated, and having a number of differently flavored syrups. A container station on the cabinet is spaced below a nozzle. A sensor determines the presence of a container at the station. The user can manually preselect the size of a soft drink to be dispensed and can select the syrup flavor to be used and can start the dispensing operation. From the nozzle a stream of soda water issues into the container. This stream is stopped when an initial portion has been dispensed. From the nozzle then issues a stream of the selected syrup, which is stopped when a measured portion has been dispensed. Finally, a second stream of soda water issues from the nozzle and is stopped after a measured amount has been discharged. The so-filled container is then taken from the station, making the device available for another cycle of operation.
The drink maker is controlled by an electronic network responsive to various manual push buttons and to an electric eye. Various electro-mechanical valves are programmed on a time basis for dispensing a related flavor syrup and a chosen amount of soda water in a predetermined sequence.
FIG. 1 is a perspective of a four-station soft drink maker constructed pursuant to the invention.
FIG. 2 is a detail showing in plan a portion of one station of the soft drink maker.
FIG. 3 is a side elevation of a typical container used in connection with the maker.
FIG. 4 is an isometric view of a preferred form of funnel utilized with the soft drink maker.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing schematically the arrangement of the principal, mechanically working parts of the soft drink maker.
FIGS. 6, 7, 8 and 9 are respectively portions of a wiring diagram of the principal, electrically working parts of the structure. The diagram is completed by placing FIG. 6 in the upper left-hand corner, FIG. 7 in the upper right-hand corner, FIG. 8 in the lower left-hand corner, and FIG. 9 in the lower right-hand corner, making a continuous, composite drawing.
FIG. 10 is a diagram of a J-K flip-flop circuit.
FIG. 11 is a diagram of a power supply circuit.
While the disclosure herein is generally referred to as a soft drink maker, it is useful in mixing various liquids together and can be utilized for alcoholic beverages, as well as for other fluids, but the principal object of the invention is to provide a structure which can be utilized in general food stores, supermarkets and the like by anyone who is able to operate the controls. In many instances, the machine is arranged to be operated only after the deposit of coins, but that is not part of the present invention. Since coin-operated devices are well known, that feature is simply alluded to without being shown or described. Also, the present device can be arranged with any desired number of individual stations, from one up to a relatively large number, but simply as an example, the machine is shown herein as having four individual stations so that four customers can utilize the machine simultaneously.
In the present instance there is provided a floor 6 on which a cabinet 7 is supported. The cabinet has a table top 8 and an upstanding back 9. For convenience, the cabinet preferably includes a basin 11 or sink appropriately plumbed for use by prospective customers in washing and cleaning empty containers they bring with them. These containers may be of any suitable sort and size but usually are of one quart and two quart sizes or of one liter and two liter sizes only, depending upon local custom. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, a typical container 13 has a relatively small mouth so a special funnel 14 is often furnished. Since carbonated water, when swirled, tends to lose some of the dissolved gas, the funnel is square in transverse section with straight edges 16 and flat faces 17 to inhibit swirling and to provide a smooth, relatively straight entrance of the soda water through a square spout 18 into the container.
The top 8 is provided with a arbitrary number; in the electrical diagrams, six, and in this showing, four, of identical serving stations 21, 22, 23 and 24, although the electrical connections provide for six serving stations. A description of one station applies to the others. Each station is a restricted area, usually having a mark 26 conveniently spaced from the back 9 and from the other stations and is disposed immediately and vertically below a nozzle 27. Each station is partly defined by a pair of locating walls 28 and 29 outstanding from the back 9 and spaced apart to form a converging locator for the container 13 lined up below the nozzle 27. To make sure that the nozzle is not operated unless a container is present, the wall 28 supports an optical switch or electric eye 31 effective to send a light beam 32 to a receiver 33 in the other wall 29. Unless the light beam is interrupted by a container, the machine cannot be worked at that station.
Conveniently disposed on the back 9 and near each station are manual control buttons 34, 35, 36, 37, 38 and 39. There may be corresponding indicator lights. The various control buttons are for each of six differently flavored syrups. Also provided are manual control buttons 41 and 42 preferably with corresponding indicator lights for selecting the amount (one quart or two quarts) of soda water to be dispensed and for use in starting the fluid flow. Each of the containers 44 for the flavor syrups is effective to supply syrup (by pump or by gas pressure or by gravity) through its own valve 46 controlled by its own solenoid 47 and through an individual pipe 48 to the nozzle 27.
The soda water can be supplied in either or both of two ways. Both are disclosed herein. Soda water is often supplied in a commercial tank 51 having a pressure controlling outflow valve 52 and detachably connected through a manual shutoff valve 53 to a pipe 54 leading into a pipe forming a loop 56 with a return conduit 57. The conduit 57 joins a duct 58 leading back to the pipe 54 through a pump 59 driven by a motor 61. The duct 54 is also connected to a supply tank 63 of unpressurized soda water through a manual shutoff valve 64. A refrigerator 65 cools the circulating soda water. By opening either or both of the valves 53 and 64, soda water is supplied to the loop 56 and circulation can be maintained by energizing the motor 61 to run the circulating pump 59. The loop 56 can discharge soda water through a single valve, but for simplicity of showing herein the loop 56 discharges through either of two valves 66 and 67 both opening into the nozzle 27, each schematically discharging a different selected quantity of soda water. The valve 66 has an actuating solenoid 68. When energized, this opens the valve 66 to discharge one selected amount only (say, one liter) of carbonated water. The valve 67 when its own solenoid 69 is energized discharges a different amount only (say, two liters) of carbonated water into the nozzle.
The operation of this drink maker is simple. Assuming that the supplies of flavor syrups and carbonated water are available and that electric power is connected, the device is operable. A prospective user with a container 13 of a known size approaches the cabinet and, if necessary, washes the container in the basin 11. The container is then rested on any mark 26 at any available station, such as station 21. A funnel 14 is dropped into the container and is disposed just below and in vertical line with the adjacent nozzle 27. The container is thus disposed between the walls 28 and 29 and interrupts the light beam 32, so arming the device for use. The customer selects the desired flavor of syrup and presses the corresponding one of the flavor buttons; say, button 34 for raspberry flavor. Also, according to the container size and the quantity of soda water desired, the user pushes either the button 41 (valve 66) for one quart (or liter) or pushes the button 42 (valve 67) for two quarts (or liters). If desired, the quantity button can first be pushed and then the flavor button selected can be pushed.
When one of the flavor buttons and one of the quantity buttons have both been pushed, indicator lights show which buttons have been actuated and the dispensing starts. First, a limited amount (about half) of the total amount of soda water is discharged through the valve 66, which is solenoid-opened for a set time only. The valve 66 then shuts and the appropriate valve 46 opens the raspberry syrup container 44 to the nozzle. The open time of the valve 46 is limited, so only a precise amount of flavor syrup is dispensed into the container. When the valve 46 shuts, the valve 66 is again solenoid-opened for another set time to discharge a measured further amount of soda water to the container. This second flow of soda water not only tends to clean the nozzle of any remains of the just-received syrup, but aids in drink mixing. After the second charge of soda water has been cut off, the user can remove the filled container from the target area 26 of the table. The light beam 32 is again established to make ready for a new cycle. The machine has completed a cycle and is ready for another use of the same station. The various stations can be individually and simultaneously operated and do not necessarily operate in any sequence with respect to each other.
The operation of the device is almost entirely effected by appropriate electronic circuitry and mechanism. The circuitry implements the filling of the container 13 with the two fluids, syrup and soda water, in sequence by activation of various solenoid valves controlling the flow of those fluids. In this embodiment, manual selection of the desired volume of the soda water and the desired variety of syrup causes a timed sequence of three electrically controlled events: partial filling of the container with a set amount of soda water, addition of a measured amount of syrup, and filling of the remainder of the container with a further selected amount of soda water. The presence of the container in a set location is electrically detected. The container must be in place prior to fluid delivery or delivery will not occur. Removal of the container during delivery interrupts flow of either fluid. Double filling of the container is not allowed; the container must be replaced before a subsequent filling can occur.
Electrical power for the actuating and controlling circuits is derived from the customary a.c. source AC (FIG. 11) coupled to the circuit through terminals 71 and 72 connected respectively to input terminals 73 and 74 of a d.c. power supply 76, a conventional rectifier-filter device with regulator included. Unregulated supply voltage is delivered to some of the circuit via a distribution point 77 connected to an unregulated output terminal 78 of the power supply 76. Regulated voltage is delivered to the circuit via a distribution point 79 connected to a regulated output terminal 81 of the power supply. The return path to the power supply is via a common terminal 82 connected to circuit common 84.
The chosen electrical circuit elements are low power-dissipation components or integrated circuit modules generally referred to as CMOS or COS/MOS devices. These devices are in part characterized by operation from a voltage source with polarity positive with respect to circuit common, although the functions of the control circuits may be carried out with other forms of elements.
Selection of a first fluid quantity is effected by the user's manual, momentary closure by the button 41 of an electrical contact between either a terminal lug 101 or by the button 42 of an alternative terminal lug 102 and an external circuit common terminal lug 103. The lug 101 is biased to the regulated supply voltage value through a resistor 104, one end of which connects to a regulated voltage bus 106. The other terminal of the resistor 104 connects to a conductor 107 joining the terminal lug 101 and an input terminal 108 of a Schmitt-trigger inverter 111, one of a series of similar inverters.
Attached in shunt configuration between the conductor 107 and circuit common 84 is a capacitor 109 substantially reducing electrical noise arising from external contact actions and providing an unambiguous signal to the inverter 111. The positive voltage so applied to the input of the inverter causes the inverter output voltage to be driven close to circuit common. The positive voltage is referred to as "high", or "logic high", and the voltage near common is known as "low" or "logic low". The output terminal 112 of the inverter 111 is connected via a conductor 113 to the trigger input terminal 114 of a J-K flip-flop 116.
An exemplary J-K flip-flop J, as especially shown in FIG. 10, alternates between two logic states, expressed as voltage levels at output terminals K and L. The alternation occurs upon application of a voltage pulse at a clock input terminal M, subject to constraint expressed as a voltage level at a conditioning input terminal N. A voltage pulse or level input to a terminal O unconditionally establishes the reference or "reset" state of the flip-flop, expressed as a logic low level at the output terminal K and a logic high level at the output terminal L. A change in logic state to the set condition is expressed as a logic high level at the terminal K and a logic low level at the terminal L. Change of state to logic high is effected by application of a voltage pulse to the clock input terminal M, if the voltage level at the conditioning terminal N is at logic high. If the voltage level at the terminal N is at logic low, no change of state will be effected; if the flip-flop is set it will stay set, and if it is reset it will stay reset.
In this device, each J-K flip-flop functions as a latching device or latch, preserving the effect of momentary closure of the switch contacts connected between the terminal lugs 101 and 103. The J-K flip-flop 116 alternates between two states, expressed as high and low, upon application of a voltage pulse to the flip-flop trigger or clock input, and upon application of high or low logic levels to the conditioning input terminal 114.
A voltage pulse delivered from the terminal 101 through the inverter 111 to trigger the input terminal 114 of the first J-K flip-flop 116 will effect a set condition at the output terminals 117 and 118 if a logic high voltage is present at the conditioning terminal 119. The combination of the resistor 104, the capacitor 109, the inverter 111 and the J-K flip-flop 116, disposed and connected as described, forms what is termed "latch A". This is one of several similar "latches" or latching circuits acting to preserve momentary contact closure information. A second latch B is comprised of the terminal lug 102, a resistor 121, a capacitor 122, an inverter 123, and a J-K flip-flop 124. A third latch C is comprised of a terminal lug 126, a resistor 127, a capacitor 128, an inverter 129, and a J-K flip-flop 131. A fourth comparable latch D is comprised of a terminal lug 132, a resistor 133, a capacitor 134, an inverter 136, and a fourth J-K flip-flop 137. A fifth latch E is comprised of a terminal 138, a resistor 139, a capacitor 141, an inverter 142, and a fifth J-K flip-flop 143. A sixth latch F is comprised of a terminal lug 144, a resistor 146, a capacitor 147, an inverter 148, and a J-K flip-flop 149. A seventh latch G is comprised of a terminal lug 151, a resistor 152, a capacitor 153, an inverter 154, and a J-K flip-flop 156. An eighth latch H is comprised of a terminal lug 157, a resistor 158, a capacitor 159, an inverter 161, and a J-K flip-flop 162.
The output terminal 117 of the latch A is connected via a conductor 163 to an input terminal 201 of an AND gate 202, to the input terminal 203 of an AND gate 204, and to the input terminal 206 of an AND gate 207. In addition, a terminal 172 of a capacitor 173 connects to the conductor 163. The other terminal 174 of the capacitor 173 connects to an input terminal 176 of an OR gate 177. Connected between the junction of the capacitor terminal 174, the input terminal 176 of the OR gate 177 and circuit common 84 is a resistor 179. The combination of the capacitor 173 and the resistor 179 forms a network permitting the positive-going transient of output voltage from the output terminal 117 of the latch A to pass via an output terminal 181 of the OR gate 177 and a conductor 182 to a reset input 183 of the latch B. Thus, one consequence of setting the latch A is to reset the latch B.
An output terminal 192 of the latch B is connected via a conductor 193 to an input terminal 164 of an AND gate 166, to an input terminal 167 of an AND gate 168, and to an input terminal 169 of an AND gate 171. Additionally, one terminal 194 of a capacitor 196 is connected at a junction 195 to the output terminal 192 of the latch B. The other terminal 190 of the capacitor 196 connects to a second input terminal 197 of an OR gate 208. Output voltage from that OR gate 208 is delivered via a conductor 212 to a reset input terminal 211 of the latch A. Connected in shunt between an input terminal 197 of the OR gate 208 and circuit common is a resistor 199. Circuit action for this combination of capacitor 196 and resistor 199 is as described for the capacitor 173 and the resistor 179, resetting latch A when latch B is set.
The second, complementary, output terminal 118 of latch A is connected to a first input terminal 184 of a NAND gate 186. A second input terminal 187 of the NAND gate 186 is connected via a conductor 188 to the complementary output terminal 189 of latch B. If both latches A and B are in their reset or reference state, both complementary output voltages will be at logic high, effecting a logic low state at an output terminal 191 of the NAND gate 186. If either latch A or latch B is triggered to its set state, the output voltage at the output terminal 191 of the NAND gate 186 will rise to logic high. The terminal 191 of the NAND gate 186 is connected via a conductor 213 to a first input terminal 214 of an AND gate 216.
The conditioning terminal 119 of latch A is connected to a conditioning terminal 120 of latch B and thence via a conductor 217 to a second input terminal 218 of the AND gate 216, an input terminal 219 of an inverter 221, and to an output terminal 222 of a six-input NOR gate 223. If the voltage at the output terminal 222 of the NOR gate 223 is at logic high, either the latch A or the latch B will, when triggered, enter into its set state, driving the other into its reset state. If the triggered latch is already in its set state, it will remain there. If the output voltage on the output terminal 222 of the NOR gate 223 is at logic low level, trigger pulses into either the latch A the latch B will have no effect.
NOR gate 223 input terminals 224, 226, 227, 228, 229 and 231 are connected respectively via conductors 232, 233, 234, 236, 237 and 238 to output terminals 239, 241, 242, 243, 244 and 246 of the latches C, D, E, F, G and H. If any one of the latches C through H is in the set state, voltage at the output terminal 222 of the NOR gate 223 will be at logic low, inhibiting any response of either latch A or latch B to input triggers. Furthermore, voltage appearing at the output terminal 222 of the NOR gate 223 appears also at the second input terminal 218 of the AND gate 216, affecting the voltage level at an output terminal 247 of the AND gate 216 in the following manner: if either latch A or latch B is set and none of the latches C through H is set, the voltage will be at logic high. If neither latch A nor latch B is set, or, if any of the latches C through H is set, voltage at the output terminal 247 will be at logic low. Connected to the terminal 247 of the AND gate 216 via a conductor 248 are conditioning input terminals 249, 251, 252, 253, 254 and 256 of the latches C, D, E, F, G and H. Thus, if neither latch A nor latch B is set, or if any of latches C through H is set, any further change in state of latches C through H is prevented.
The conductors 232, 233, 234, 236, 237 and 238, originating at the respective output terminals 239, 241, 242, 243, 244 and 246 of the latches C, D, E, F, G and H, terminate at terminals 257, 258, 259, 260, 261 and 262 of a six-channel buffer amplifier 263. The amplifier 263 has an additional enabling input at a terminal 264. The voltage output from a selected latch will appear at an input terminal of the amplifier 263 and, if voltage at the enabling input terminal is at a logic low level, will cause a comparable voltage with a larger current capacity to appear at the one of the output terminals 266, 267, 268, 269, 271 or 272 corresponding to the active input terminal. The output terminals 266, 267, 268, 269, 271 and 272 of the buffer amplifier 263 are respectively coupled via series resistances 273, 274, 276, 277, 278 and 279 to the base elements 281, 282, 283, 284, 286 and 287 of transistors 288, 289, 291, 292, 293 and 294. Emitter elements 296, 297, 298, 299, 301 and 302 of the respective transistors are connected to circuit common 84 via a conductor 303. Transient suppressing diodes 304, 306, 307, 308, 309 and 311 are connected with their cathodes to an unregulated supply voltage bus 312 and with their anodes to the respective collector elements 313, 314, 316, 317, 318 and 319 of these transistors. Also connected respectively to the respective collector elements 313, 314, 316, 317, 318 and 319 of these transistors are terminal lugs 321, 322, 323, 324, 326 and 327. A further terminal lug 328 is joined via a conductor 329 to the unregulated supply voltage conductor 312. An external device, such as a solenoid, connected between any one of the terminal lugs 321, 322, 323, 324, 326 or 327 and the terminal lug 328 has power applied to it when the appropriate latch circuit is activated and the buffer amplifier 263 is enabled.
The buffer amplifier 263 is enabled via the terminal 264 when a J-K flip-flop 341 is triggered to its set state as one consequence of a timing sequence originated upon setting of any one of the latches C through H in the following manner. When voltage at the input terminal 219 of the inverter 221 falls in response to the setting of any one of the latches C through H, the voltage at the output terminal 346 rises to logic high level. The terminal 346 is connected via a conductor 347 to trigger an input terminal 348 of a J-K flip-flop 349, effecting the set state of the J-K flip-flop 349, inasmuch as a conditioning input terminal 351 is held at the logic high level by virtue of its connection via a conductor 352 to the regulated supply voltage. An output terminal 353 connects via a conductor 354 to an input terminal 356 of a two-input NAND gate 361. The output terminal 353 of the J-K flip-flop 349 is further connected to a first input terminal 358 of an OR gate 359. The two-input NAND gate 361 is one of two active elements in the first of three gated voltage pulse train generators P1, P2 and P3. The first generator, P1, is connected with an inverter 362, an output terminal 363 on the gate 361 being joined to a junction 364 itself connected to a terminal 366 of the inverter. A conductor 367 joins the output terminal 368 of the inverter to one lead of a capacitor 369, the other lead of the capacitor 369 being connected to a junction 371. A resistor 372 is connected between junction 371 and a second input 373 of the two-input NAND gate 361. Connected between the junction 371 and the output terminal 363 is a series combination of a variable resistor 374 and a fixed resistor 376. A smoothing capacitor 377 is connected between the conductor 367 and circuit common. Output voltage from the pulse train generator P1 is taken from the output terminal 368 of the inverter 362. The frequency of pulses in the train may be varied by adjustment of the variable resistor 374. The basic pulse rate is set by selection of appropriate values of the capacitor 369 and the resistors 374 and 376.
Pulse train generators of this nature are described in the literature. For example, such a circuit is shown on page 531 of an RCA Corporation publication titled "COS/MOS Integrated Circuits", SSD 203C, 1975. To summarize the action of the pulse train generator, it is to be noted that an enabling voltage from the J-K flip-flop 349 applied to the input terminal 356 of the NAND gate 361 causes a train of voltage pulses to appear at the output terminal 368 of the inverter 362. Removal of an enabling voltage from the input terminal 356 of the NAND gate 361 stops generation of the train of voltage pulses.
Voltage pulses from the output terminal 368 of the pulse train generator P1 are conducted to an input terminal 379 of a first binary ripple counter 381 via a conductor 382. The ripple counter 381 accumulates pulse counts, producing a voltage change from logic high to logic low at an output terminal 383 when a specified number of counts has been accumulated. A similar fall in voltage level from logic high to logic low occurs at an output terminal 384 of the counter 381 when twice the number of counts required for action at the output terminal 383 has been accumulated. The output terminal 383 of the counter 381 is connected to a second input terminal 386 of the two-input AND gate 202. The output terminal 384 of the counter 381 is connected to a second input terminal 387 of the two-input AND gate 166. An output terminal 388 of the AND gate 166 is connected to an input terminal 389 of a two-input OR gate 391. A second input terminal 392 of the OR gate 391 is connected to an output terminal 393 of the AND gate 202. Prior to accumulation of specified counts in the counter 381, and subsequent to setting the input latch A, a logic high voltage level will appear at the output terminal 393 of the AND gate 202, effecting a logic high voltage level through the OR gate 391 at its output terminal 394.
When the specified number of counts has been accumulated in the first counter 381, the voltage fall from logic high to logic low will be transmitted to the output terminal 394 of the OR gate 391, either via the output terminal 383 of the counter 381 and the AND gate 202 if the input latch A has been set, or via the output terminal 384 of the counter 381 and the AND gate 166 if the input latch B has been set.
The voltage fall is transmitted through a capacitor 396 connected between the output terminal 394 of the OR gate 391 and a junction 397. A resistor 398 is connected between the junction 397 and the regulated supply voltage and acts in conjunction with the capacitor 396 to ensure that only a voltage fall is transmitted from the junction 397 to the input terminal 399 of an inverter 401 via a conductor 402. The inverter 401 serves to invert the sense of the voltage appearing at the inverter input, in this case a voltage pulse extending from logic high level to logic low level. The positive output pulse appearing at an output terminal 403 of the inverter 401 couples firstly to a first input terminal 404 of an OR gate 406 via a conductor 407, and secondly to trigger an input terminal 408 of the J-K flip-flop 341. From the first input terminal 404 of the OR gate 406 the positive voltage pulse is transmitted through the OR gate 406 to a reset input terminal 409 of the J-K flip-flop 349 of the first pulse train generator, effecting a reset of the flip-flop 349 and terminating generation of the first pulse train. In addition, the logic high voltage level appearing at the output terminal 353 of the J-K flip-flop 349 and transmitted through the OR gate 359 falls to logic low level, removing drive current from the transistor 69 and inactivating any device connected between the terminals 73 and 328.
The second gated pulse train generator P2 is constituted of a NAND gate 411, an inverter 412, capacitors 413 and 414, and resistors 416, 417 and 418, disposed as described for the first gated pulse train generator P1. Connected to an enabling input terminal 421 of the second pulse train generator P2 via a conductor 422 is output terminal 423 of the J-K flip-flop 341. By virtue of the conditioning terminal 394 being connected to the regulated supply voltage, the effect of a positive voltage pulse appearing at the output terminal 403 of the inverter 401 is to establish the set state of the J-K flip-flop 341, thereby effecting two actions: first, the second gated pulse train generator P2 is started, and, second, the buffer amplifier 263 is enabled. That is by virtue of logic low voltage level appearing at the output terminal 424 of the J-K flip-flop 341, and being transmitted through a conductor 426 to the enabling terminal 264 of the buffer amplifier 263. Current is so caused to flow in one of said output transistors 288, 289, 291, 292, 293 or 294, corresponding to the selected latch C, D, E, F, G or H, for the time the second pulse train generator P2 is operating.
The voltage pulse train appearing at the output terminal 492 of the second gated pulse train generator P2 is led to an input terminal 493 of a second counter 494 via a conductor 496. The output terminal 497 of the counter 494 connects to a second input terminal 498 of the AND gate 168. An output terminal 499 connects to a second input terminal 501 of the AND gate 204. The output terminals 502 and 503, respectively, of the AND gates 168 and 204 connect to first and second input terminals 506 and 507 of an OR gate 508. An output terminal 509 of the OR gate 508 connects to one lead of a capacitor 511 via a conductor 512. The other lead of the capacitor 511 connects to a junction 513. A resistor 514 is connected between the junction 513 and the regulated supply voltage. This resistor-capacitor combination has the same function as the resistor 398 and capacitor 396 combination, to transmit a negative voltage pulse from the second counter 494 upon completion of an appropriate number of counts. The negative voltage pulse appearing at the junction 513 is transmitted via a conductor 516 to an inverter 517. The positive voltage pulse appearing at the output terminal 518 of the inverter 517 is transmitted to a first input terminal 521 of an OR gate 522 and thence via an output terminal 523 of the OR gate 522 and a conductor 524, to the reset input terminal 427 of the J-K flip-flop 341, terminating pulse generation from the second gated pulse train generator.
The output terminal 518 of the inverter 517 is connected to trigger the input 526 of a J-K flip-flop 527. An output terminal 529 of the J-K flip-flop 527 connects via a conductor 531 to an input terminal 532 of a two-input NAND gate 533. Additional connection from the output terminal 529 of the J-K flip-flop 527 is made via a conductor 535 to the input terminal 360 of the OR gate 359, enabling, when said J-K flip-flop 527 is set, current to flow in the transistor 69, actuating the soda solenoid connected between the terminals 73 and 328. The NAND gate 533, in combination with an inverter 534, capacitors 536 and 537, and resistors 538, 539 and 540 disposed and connected just as previously described for the first gated pulse train generator P1, form the third gated pulse train generator P3. An output terminal 541 of the inverter 534 and of the third pulse train generator is connected via a conductor 542 to an input terminal 543 of a pulse counter 544. The first output terminal 546 of the third pulse counter 544 is connected to a second input terminal 547 of the AND gate 207. Voltage changes appearing at the input terminal 547 of the AND gate 207 will appear at an output terminal 548 of the AND gate 207 if the voltage at the input terminal 206 of the AND gate 207 is at logic high level by virtue of the input latch A having been set. A second output terminal 549 of the third counter 544 is connected to a second input terminal 551 of the AND gate 171. Voltage changes appearing at the input terminal 551 of the AND gate 171 will appear at an output terminal 552 of the AND gate 171 if voltage at the input terminal 169 of the AND gate 171 is at logic high level by virtue of the input latch B having been set. The output terminal 552 of the AND gate 171 connects to a first input terminal 556 of an OR gate 557. A second input terminal 558 of the OR gate 557 connects to the output terminal 548 of the AND gate 207. Voltage changes at either of the input terminals 556 or 558 will appear at an output terminal 559 of the OR gate 557.
Connected between the output terminal 559 of the OR gate 557 and a junction point 561 is a coupling capacitor 562. The junction point 561 is biased to the regulated supply voltage value by virtue of a resistor 563 connected between the junction point 561 and the regulated supply voltage. Here again the positive voltage bias allows onl negative voltage pulses to be passed from the junction point 561 via a conductor 564 to an inverter 566, and via a conductor 567 to a first input terminal 568 of a NAND gate 569.
A second input terminal 574 of the NAND gate 569 is connected through a resistor 576 to the regulated supply voltage. A bypass capacitor 577 is also connected between the second input terminal 574 of the NAND gate 569 and circuit common. This affords a logic high level bias to the second input terminal 574 of the NAND gate 569 that is free from electrical disturbances. This same logic high level bias is applied to an input terminal 578 of a NAND gate 579 via a conductor 581 joining the input terminal 574 of the NAND gate 569 with the input terminal 578 of the NAND gate 579, which operates in this case as an inverter, supplying a logic low level voltage from its output terminal 582 via a conductor 583 to a first input terminal 584 of an OR gate 586.
A positive voltage pulse appearing at an output terminal 571 of the inverter 566 as a result of the third counter having reached its count is delivered to a trigger input terminal 572 of a J-K flip-flop 573. This J-K flip-flop will attain a set state as the result of a trigger pulse if a reset terminal 589 is not being held at logic high level by voltage appearing at an output terminal 588 of the OR gate 586. Voltage appearing at an input terminal 587 of the OR gate 586 is delivered via a conductor 591 from an output terminal 592 of a non-inverting logic buffer amplifier 593. An input terminal 597 of the buffer amplifier 593 connects to a terminal lug 594 via a conductor 596. In addition, a resistor 598 is connected between the conductor 106 and the conductor 596, providing a logic high level bias voltage to the terminal lug 594 and the input terminal 597 of the buffer amplifier 593.
One pole of a switch 599 is joined to the conductor 596 and the other pole is joined to circuit common. This affords an in-circuit test of the action of the optically activated switch 31 connected between the terminal lugs 594 and 601. When either the switch 599 or the optical switch contacts are closed, the logic level high bias voltage appearing at the reset terminal 589 of the J-K flip-flop 573 is brought to logic low level value. This affords an opportunity for the J-K flip-flop 573 to act. When the switch 599 and the optical switch 31 joined to the terminal lugs 594 and 601 are both open, the voltage at the reset terminal 589 of the J-K flip-flop 573 is at logic high level, inhibiting action of the J-K flip-flop 573.
The logic state of the J-K flip-flop 573 is conveyed from an output terminal 602 via a conductor 603, a switch 604, and a conductor 606 to a first input terminal 607 of an OR gate 608. A resistor 609, connected between the first input terminal 607 of the OR gate 608 and circuit common, establishes a logic low voltage level at the terminal 607 when the switch 604 is open. A second input terminal 611 of the OR gate 608 is connected to an output terminal 612 of a two-input OR gate 613. A first input terminal 614 of the OR gate 613 connects through a conductor 616 to the conductor 591. A second input terminal 617 of the OR gate 613 connects to an output terminal 618 of the NAND gate 569.
A logic level high voltage appearing at an output terminal 621 of the OR gate 608 constitutes a circuit reset command. The command may be either of a continuous or pulsed nature. A steady, continuous command results from closure of the switch 599 or an equivalent connection between the lugs 594 and 601. Alternatively, if the switch 604 is closed, from the J-K flip-flop 573 toggling to its set state, a reset pulse is delivered to the output terminal 621 of the OR gate 608 when the third counter reaches the end of its count. This end-of-count reset pulse also serves to toggle the J-K flip-flop 573 to its set state if either the switch 599 is closed or circuit closure is effected between the terminals 594 and 601. Thus, with the switch 604 closed, the reset command is a pulse, followed by a steady logic high level that is removed only by opening of the circuit between the terminals 594 and 601, and subsequent reclosure of the circuit or the switch 599.
The output terminal 621 of the OR gate 608 is connected, via a conductor 622 and branches therefrom, to a second input terminal 198 of an OR gate 208; to a second input terminal 178 of an OR gate 177; to the second input terminal 520 of the OR gate 522; to a second input terminal 405 of an OR gate 406; to reset terminals 631, 632, 633, 634, 636 and 637 of the respective input latches C, D, E, F, G and H; to a reset terminal 530 of the J-K flip-flop 527; to the reset terminal of each of the first, second and third counters 381, 494 and 544; to an input terminal 447 of a seven-channel power driver 429; and to an input terminal 626 of an inverter 627. Reset of the entire device is so effected.
A status monitor for this device is specially provided and is comprised of a seven-channel power amplifier 429, having as input signals a regulated power supply voltage connected through an isolating resistor 451 to a first input terminal 449. The reset command is connected to the second input terminal 447, and a ready signal from an output terminal 628 of the inverter 627 is connected to a third input terminal 444. Indication of high volume selection is from a conductor 193 having a branch to a fourth input terminal 441, while low volume selection is from a conductor 163 having a branch to a fifth input terminal 437. First fluid delivery is noted from the output terminal 610 of the OR gate 359 through a conductor to a terminal 434, and second fluid delivery from the conductor 422 of the second pulse train generator is carried by a conductor to a seventh input terminal 431. Corresponding output terminals 452, 448, 446, 442, 438, 435 and 432 connect to series-connected combinations of light-emitting diodes 476, 473, 471, 468, 466, 463 and 461 respectively joined to resistors 477, 474, 472, 469, 467, 464 and 462 and making their remaining connections to the unregulated supply voltage via a conductor 457.
In addition, monitoring external to the device is afforded via a terminal lug 488 connected to the third output terminal 446 and via a terminal lug 489 connected through a current limiting resistor 491 to the unregulated supply voltage, the lugs 488 and 489 serving to convey the "ready" indication by a light. A terminal lug 483 is connected by a lead 485 to the fourth output terminal 442, and a paired terminal lug 484 is connected through a current limiting resistor 486 to the unregulated supply voltage, serving to afford the "high volume" indication. A terminal lug 479 is connected by a conduit 478 to the fifth output terminal 438, and a terminal lug 481 is connected through a current limiting resistor 482 to the unregulated supply voltage, in order to convey the low volume indication. The external monitors may be visual indicators such as incandescent lamps, or light-emitting diodes, or they may be audible devices, or both.
Prerequisite to all actions is circuit closure and maintenance to power source AC. Once this closure is effected, response action is initiated by manual momentary circuit closure between terminal pairs 101 and 103 or pairs 102 and 103, setting either input latch A or input latch B to select either low or high volume delivery of soda water. Alternate momentary closures of these volume selection contacts will cause alternate selection of the delivery volume of the first fluid (water), but only if the second fluid (syrup) has not yet been selected. Following selection of the desired volume of the first fluid, input latches C through H are armed. Momentary manual closure of any circuit between the circuit common terminal lug 103 and a selected one of the terminal lugs 126, 132, 138, 144, 151 or 157 will cause the appropriate input latch to be set, effecting selection of the chosen second fluid (flavor syrup) and inhibiting subsequent circuit action upon later closure of any of the second fluid selection circuits.
Closing of any one of the second circuits also effects the start of the first pulse train generator P1 and the start of delivery of the first portion of the first fluid to the container in place. Delivery of the first portion of the soda water continues until sufficient or a predetermined number of counts have been accumulated in the first counter 381. When that count has been reached, an output pulse from the counter 381 stops the first pulse train generator as well as delivery of the first portion of soda water. The same output pulse also starts the second pulse train generator P2 and delivery of the second fluid or chosen syrup. When sufficient counts have been accumulated in the second counter 494, an output pulse therefrom stops the second pulse train generator, stops delivery of the second fluid, and starts the third pulse train generator P3, effecting start of delivery of the second portion of the first fluid. Upon accumulation of sufficient counts in the third counter 544, an output pulse is generated and propagated throughout the circuit, returning all flip-flops to their quiescent state and halting delivery of fluid.
Whether or not any action is initiated by circuit closures of fluid selectors is determined by the status of a switch, the photo switch 600, external to the circuit and connected between terminal lugs 594 and 601. Several conditions must be met before the entire program of fluids will be delivered to a container. First, the container must be properly in place or on target prior to and throughout delivery. If the receiver vessel is removed part way through delivery, the photo switch causes the reset state of the circuit to be entered and to stop all delivery. Second, if delivery has been completed and the receiver vessel has not been replaced, no further delivery of fluid will ensue.
Pulse train generators P1, P2 and P3 and associated counters 381, 494 and 544 form a control for the dispensation of fluids, according to a program and having time as the variable under control. Resistors 374, 417 and 539 adjust the pulse rate of each of the pulse rate generators and so the time of dispensation. Accumulation of a fixed number of counts in a particular counter takes less time with a higher rate. Thus, indirectly, the volumes of fluids dispensed may be adjusted by adjustment of the pulse rates of the counters.
Thus, it is seen that an electronic network responds to the user's selections and operates to sensors and electromagnetic valves to dispense the selected syrup and charges of soda water into a container, the presence of which is essential.
Patent Citations
Referenced by
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text:
Youth Dressage Festival: August 7-9, 2015
Youth Dressage Festival: August 7-9, 2015
Mission Statement
To encourage riders under 21 to become true horsemen; to offer scholarships; to develop good sportsmanship; to support programs for adults who in turn educate youth; and to have fun.
Youth Dressage Festival
August 7 - August 9, 2015
The Braley Gray Award
Dr. Hilary Clayton is the 2014 recipient of The Braley Gray Award in recognition of extraordinary contribution to the sport of dressage.
Please be patient, website under construction.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
"The WTV100 demodulator supports most worldwide operation modes, can handle simultaneous processing of multiple services, multiple DRM solutions and integrates in hardware a decoder for Multi-Protocol-Encapsulator Forward-Error-Correction (MPE-FEC) and its memory. It also offers flexible and versatile interfaces and allows ATI to work with the industry's best-in-class silicon RF tuners to provide an extremely compact, proven and reliable front-end component (WTV100-M)."
ATI demoed the tech in January, though the application for the tech wasn't exactly clear. Mobile TV isn't as popular as some would want it to be, but ATI is jumping on the bandwagon early enough that they may end up becoming the standard.


text:
- Attorney General Brad D. Schimel
- Fighting Crime
- Victim Assistance
- Consumer Protection
- Media Center
- About Department of Justice
- Topical Index
This Google™ translation feature is provided for informational purposes only.
The Office of the Attorney General is unable to guarantee the accuracy of this translation and is therefore not liable for any inaccurate information resulting from the translation application tool.
Please consult with a translator for accuracy if you are relying on the translation or are using this site for official business.Contact the Department of Justice
MADISON — Attorney General J.B. Van Hollen has announced today that the Platteville Golf and Country Club will pay $12,000 for violations of Wisconsin's water and wetland protection laws. It addition, it has restored the site and must maintain site stability. The country club committed the violations in its efforts to expand the golf course by grading and filling in a streambed and filling in wetlands, all done without a permit.
Wisconsin law prohibits anyone from grading and filling a stream, and from discharging pollutants into wetlands, without a permit from the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) ensuring that the activities comply with provisions to protect water quality. The complaint filed in this case alleges that the country club illegally filled in a stream that is a tributary to the Little Platte River, that it graded more than 10,000 square feet of the bed and banks of the stream, and that it illegally filled adjacent wetlands.
In addition to paying a judgment of $12,000 for the violations, the Platteville Golf and Country Club has removed the fill and restored the site. It must now monitor the site for stability and take corrective action if necessary. The stipulation has been approved by Grant County Circuit Court Judge Robert VanDeHey.
"Wisconsin law requires that property owners may not disturb streams and wetlands unless they have been granted a permit to do so," Attorney General Van Hollen said. "The Wisconsin Department of Justice will continue to work with the DNR to protect the public rights in the state's wetlands and navigable waters by requiring compliance with the law."
Assistant Attorney General Lorraine Stoltzfus represented the State in this case.
Copies of the Stipulation and Order for Judgment, and Judgment, are available at the following links:


text:
think about it. imagine if the jets win this week and win the superbowl on feb 6th, even if they went 6-10 the following season, all we would hear when we argue with jet fans is '' who cares, we just won the superbowl, what have you guys won lately'', etc. i rather there streak of not making the superbowl continue to 43 years plus, and let them be hungry and keep suffering.
a superbowl by the jets would be horrible for us, and jet fans as annoying as they are now, will be 20x worse.


text:
Sebastian River hopes to build momentum for the playoffs
SEBASTIAN —The Sebastian River High School football team cleared a major hurdle in winning the program's first district title last week, but now the Sharks look to keep the momentum going into the playoffs.
Sebastian River (7-2) hosts East Ridge (3-6) in its regular-season finale at 7 p.m. Friday, which serves as a final tune-up before the regional quarterfinals next week.
The Sharks are riding a six-game winning streak and could use all the firepower they can get going into the playoffs, as they look to add another "first" to their list — Sebastian River has never won a playoff game.
"To be a part of the first district title team is fantastic," running back Nicholas Cooper said. "Now, we just want to keep going as far as we can. It's been a great season, but we still have work to do."
Sebastian River played the best first half of football it has all season last week, dominating in all three phases of the game to jump out to a 27-10 lead against a South Fork team that came in undefeated.
The Sharks let up defensively in the second half, but finished with a season-high 41 points and had two 100-yard rushers in Cooper and Octavia Jefferson. James Clark finished with a team-high 11 tackles, and the defense forced three first-half turnovers.
Now, Sebastian River looks to turn that into a full four-quarter effort.
"The district title is a big step for us," Bethel said. "But we're going to just keep plugging away. We need to finish the season strong and get ready for the playoffs."
East Ridge gives up 40.9 points per game, but has the ability to keep up offensively, as evidenced by a 49-48 win against Leesburg and a 66-56 loss to Groveland-South Lake.
The Knights average 28.4 points per game with Alex Howell throwing for 124.0 yards per game and Marcus Watson leading the ground attack with almost 70 yards per game.
Sebastian River has become an exciting team for its fans to watch.
"We've been getting better every week, and we've given our fans and the community more reasons to get behind us," Bethel said. "Our principal has so much belief in school spirit, it's helped rally our fans around what we're doing.
"Hopefully, we can keep it going."
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text:
We're the people who
re-engineered the
variable annuity
Our MISSION
We aim to help RIAs and fee-based advisors better serve their clients to build wealth and achieve their financial goals.
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We help advisors take a seat on the client's side of the table by delivering greater consumer value.
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Resources for advisors
Successful Advisors Use Robo-Advice for Older and Wealthier Clients—Contrary to Popular Belief
Jefferson National's First Annual Advisor Authority Study Finds Robo-Advice Reality is Far Different from Perception


text:
Written by Steve Hudgik
Labels and signs are an important components of lab safety. But using hand lettered or laser labels runs the risk of error and label failure. Exposure to moisture, chemicals and extreme temperatures can cause labels to smear, deteriorate and fail – and that reduces lab safety. Failed labels can lead to mistakes, and that reduces lab safety. Unreadable labels can lead to errors, and that reduces lab safety. Your lab safety depends on the quality of your labels.
Selecting the right label material is essential to lab safety. The adhesive must be appropriate for the environment in which the label will be used. The label finish must also be the right finish for the environment. So how do you know which type of label material to use? You can become a label expert or you can use DuraLabel supplies.
There are more than 50 types of supplies available for DuraLabel printers. That's far more than any other label printer has. This means you can always get the right labeling supply for the job. No compromises. No being half right. Whether you need labels for plastics, glass, cryogenic or autoclave conditions, DuraLabel has the right labeling supply.
For example, if you need labels that will survive an autoclave, DuraLabel Autoclavable Tape (poly) gets the job done right. If you need labels that survive extreme low temperatures, then DuraLabel Cryogenic Poly Tapes get the job done right. DuraLabel High-Tack Tapes provide an extra strong adhesive that provides permanent bonding on low surface-energy plastics and even fabrics. Whatever you laboratory labeling needs, DuraLabel has the right solution.
DuraLabel also helps ensure lab safety by making the access control and wayfinding signs you need. Areas with restricted access can be clearly and permanently marked. Directions to guide employees and visitors safely through your facility can be posted as needed... and easily changed when needed. Whether you need small labels for vials or large safety signs, DuraLabel gets the job done right.
DuraLabel has all the right answers. The right labeling supplies and the right label printers. Plus we'll put it all together into a special kit designed to meet your lab safety needs. Call today and talk with a DuraLabel representative about using DuraLabel supplies and label printers to improve your lab safety. The number is 1-888-326-9244.. Call today. You'll be glad you did.
The information presented in this document was obtained from sources that we deem reliable; Graphic Products does not guarantee accuracy or completeness. Graphic Products, Inc. makes no representations or warranties of any kind, express or implied. Users of this document should consult municipal, state, and federal code and/or verify all information with the appropriate regulatory agency.
Copyright © 2000- 2015 | All Rights Reserved


text:
Louise LouiseFollow Louise
29-year-old Female living in Perth, Australia
Level 3 Traveler
3 tours
11 countries
Following 0 people
Followed by 3 people
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Trips I've Done
LA to the Bay
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European Inspiration
10 countries \ 20 days \ from US$3499 per person
European Inspiration features a great combination of destinations - Berlin, Prague, Munich, Rome & Paris to name a few - plus a couple of nights in each place, giving you time to really explore each city. With a stopover in the Swiss Alps & plenty of awesome extras - this trip is one you won't want to miss.
Grand Canadian
2 countries \ 19 days \ from US$3495 per person
Go all out on this Canadian adventure. From big city buzz to the great outdoors, it's all here. Start off by exploring the northern US cities, Boston & New York, before diving deep into the beauty & charm of Canada. Cross the border into quaint Quebec before spending a few nights in Montreal & Toronto. After all the city action, fly west for a dose of coastal charm & natural wonders, including ...
Grand Southern (Start New York City)
1 country \ 26 days \ from US$4069 per person
Southern delicacies include chicken and ribs, biscuits and gravy, and more curiously, Elvis' favorite Graceland snack, a peanut butter and banana concoction. But here's food for thought: Our equally eclectic travel menu of mouth-watering southern destinations, nicely sandwiched between prime left- and right-coast stop-overs. Get a taste of Texas, full servings of Memphis and New Orleans, and a ...
Grand Northern
2 countries \ 26 days \ from US$3498 per person
With 20 states & 2 Canadian provinces, get ready to go local. Start in the Big Apple before it's all about Canada, America's Great Lakes & Chicago en route to the American West. Chill at 4 National Parks before LAS Vegas.
Austria Ski Only (meet us there) - 1 week
1 country \ 8 days \ from US$689 per person
So many runs, so little time....this will be your only dilemma when skiing for a week in Tyrol's Ski Welt region. Ski Welt was recently voted 'Top Resort' out of 70 resorts in 8 countries! It's an ideal place for all levels of skiers & snowboarders. With English speaking instructors & the latest models of skis available for hire, Contiki helps you hit the slopes with ease.
California Highlights (Winter)
1 country \ 8 days \ from US$1255 per person
Start your tour partying with high-rollers in Vegas prior to a serious change of scene at the spectacular lake & premier alpine resort area, Lake Tahoe. Tahoe offers amazing natural beauty plus the 24 hour bling of Vegas-style casinos & clubs. It's also your chance for 3 full days on the slopes. But if skiing or boarding isn't what you're after, there's loads of off-slope action too. Then head ...
Thai Island Hopper West
1 country \ 9 days \ from US$955 per person
Some of the world's best beaches in some of the ultimate places to chill make this Thai Island Hopper trip a must. From busy Phuket, head to paradise on legendary Koh Phi Phi, before Krabi & its amazing scenery. Treat yourself to a relaxing Thai massage, visit 'The Beach' and soak up the sun from the white sandy shoreline or sea canoe in the beautiful clear waters. It's your choice to relax, in...
Places I've Been (?)
- Austria
- Czech Republic
- England
- France
- Germany
- Holy See (Vatican City State)
- Italy
- Netherlands
- Switzerland
- United Kingdom
- United States
Places I'd Like to Visit
- Austria
- Canada
- Czech Republic
- England
- France
- Germany
- Holy See (Vatican City State)
- Italy
- Netherlands
- Switzerland
- Thailand
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- United States


text:
Full detailed profile on Opal Cortlandt Played by Jill Larson on All My Children Daytime Soap Opera.
Jill Larson
Birthday: 1947-10-07
Celia drops off the shopping bags from New York outside Opal's place. Opal invites Celia in for tea. Celia tells her how much she liked Pete and can't imagine dating anyone again. They hug and it appears as though a dark feeling comes over Opal. When Pete comes home he is upset by the bags.
David visits the Cortlandt's looking for Pete. Opal makes him leave but is later surprised to find David back in her house. David reminds her of the good he's done and wants to help keep her son's company alive.
Evelyn causes a ruckus at Opal's looking for Celia. She sets Opal straight on Celia's innocence and worries that Pete's seducing her.
At Bramwell, Opal leaves a message for Pete to call and Evelyn searches Celia's room. She finds a table with Pete's video message introduction.
At home, Opal interrogates Pete over his scratched cheek. He admits getting it climbing a trellis to beat Bramwell's curfew.
Opal visits Evelyn Johnson at Bramwell. She's surprised when Opal introduces herself as the mother of the young man dating Celia. Opal hints Celia's been sneaking around but wants to make sure Celia's not in trouble for missing curfew. She offers to pay for the broken trellis outside Celia's window. Evelyn cuts Opal off and thanks her for her visit. Evelyn's waiting for Celia when she returns to her room. She surprises her with the news they are leaving immediately to travel Europe. Celia refuses to go.
At home, Pete tries to reach Celia with no luck. Opal tells him a boy can only count on one woman, his mom.
Adam kisses Brooke at the mansion. Opal interrupts with Peter who is ending a phone call as they arrive. Adam thinks Peter doesn't need advice regarding Cortlandt but arranges a meeting for him. Celia misses Peter as she arrives. Brooke introduces her to Opal. Opal realizes what Pete's interests are in staying in Pine Valley. Alone, Brooke mentions Celia's a computer whiz. Opal begins to tell Brooke that Celia's perfect for Petey but she adds "to help him while he's in town." Brooke steps out and Opal deletes a file. Opal texts Petey for help when Celia finds it missing. Celia receives an important text and leaves.
Peter returns to the mansion. Opal thinks he can catch Celia tomorrow so she can thank him personally for finding the file.
Opal makes plans for Pete to stay longer. He's set on a short visit. Before going out he asks Opal the name of the school matching the uniform he remembers Celia wearing. She tells him Bramwell Hall.
« Back to Opal Cortlandt profile


text:
Black Cats and Evil Eyes: A Book of Old-Fashioned SuperstitionsHardback
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Additional formats available
- Format
- Paperback $11.10
- Publisher: Michael O'Mara Books Ltd
- Format: Hardback | 192 pages
- Dimensions: 198mm x 206mm x 129mm | 306g
- Publication date: 6 September 2012
- Publication City/Country: London
- Illustrations note: c. 60 b&w line
- Sales rank: 32,698
Product description
This collection investigates the origins of our most intriguing old-fashioned superstitions, many of which we still find ourselves abiding by today. Hundreds of the beliefs passed down through the generations have their foundations in our ancestors' efforts to ward off evil, which they blamed for hardship, illness and injustice in times when life was, as often as not, 'nasty, brutish and short'. `Black Cats and Evil Eyes` sets these superstitions in their historical and social context, explaining how fear of the Devil, demons, evil spirits and witchcraft drove people to arm themselves with rituals and talismans to repel dark forces and allow them to live long and healthy lives. In examining many of our common superstitions, this book illuminates the customs, beliefs and practices that link us to an ancient, and often darker, human past.
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Author information
Chloe Rhodes is a writer and journalist. Her most recent works for Michael O'Mara Books are A Certain Je Ne Sais Quoi: Words We Pinched From Other Languages, and One For Sorrow ... : A Book of Old-Fashioned Lore.
Review quote
Author Chloe Rhodes has delved into the strange history behind a host of superstitions The Sun
Editorial reviews
Author Chloe Rhodes has delved into the strange history behind a host of superstitions


text:
This beautiful newly-discovered species is about to disappear soon
"Just described 'microjewel' snail in extinction danger," announces NewScientist. Every time I see a headline like that and I look a the picture, it really makes me sad. Just admire that beautiful, delicate little beast. Which secrets will this soon-to-be-gone species take away with it? »


text:
Contact Us |
Department of Art History
Rice University
6100 Main Street, MS-21
Herring Hall 103
Office Hours: Mon—Fri, 8:00am—5:00pm713-348-4815713-348-4039
Department Administrator: Marcie Newtonmarcie.newtonrice.edu713-348-4276
More Contact Information
The Ph.D. in Art History program at Rice University trains students for academic research and teaching, curatorial positions, and other careers in the visual arts. Students have the opportunity to learn not only from the faculty members in the Department of Art History, but also from affiliated professors in other disciplines and from the collections and curators of Houston's museums, who are our educational partners. Working from a range of theoretical positions, our faculty includes specialists in the art of the Americas, Europe, Africa, and Asia, whose research and teaching covers periods from antiquity to the present. As members of a department defined by a vitally important subject rather than a single methodology, our faculty brings a disciplinary breadth and depth to the study of art.
The Department of Art History's selective program encourages interdisciplinary coursework and research through collaborative links between the department and its seventeen affiliated faculty who serve as curators in Houston or who teach visual and material culture in other departments at Rice. Our program also benefits from the rich visual culture of Houston. The Menil Collection has exceptional holdings in ancient, Byzantine, African, and modern and contemporary art. The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston has an encyclopedic collection of global art that includes Bayou Bend, with its collection of American decorative art and painting; the Blaffer Collection of Old Master paintings and prints; the Latin American collections and the affiliated International Center for the Art of the Americas; and an outstanding collection of modern and contemporary works.
The Fondren Library at Rice University has over five million books, including more than 150,000 titles in art history. The library contains an additional 275 art and art history journals, plus access to online journals. Furthermore, the nearby Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, houses another 85,000 titles, and the Menil Collection several thousand more. The Department's Visual Resources Center has over 450,000 slides and an ever growing collection of digital images, and offers access to ARTSTOR and Archivision licensed digital image collections.
Generous funding for students is available. The Department of Art History offers tuition waivers, stipends as well as funding for travel to libraries, archives, museums, and conferences in the U.S. or abroad.
Fellowships are also available to enable students to work closely with curators at the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston and Menil Collection. Graduate students at Rice also have the opportunity to gain experience as teaching assistants.
Rice University offers an exciting intellectual community with outstanding music recitals at the Shepherd School of Music, world renowned lecturers, and innovative research centers, including the Humanities Research Center, the Center for the Study of Women, Gender, and Sexuality, and the Chao Center for Asian Studies. The highly acclaimed Rice University Art Gallery offers several contemporary installations each year. The Department of Art History maintains significant links with the museums of Houston, including a shared lecture series with the Menil Collection and a joint postdoctoral program with the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston.


text:
The Christian Association will hold the principal meeting of the week of prayer this evening at 6.45 in Holden Chapel. Professor Palmer will speak. All members of the University are cordially invited to be present. The meetings thus far through the week have been well attended, hearty and earnest. It is hoped that even more men will avail themselves of the privileges of this week of prayer.
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text:
Science and Sentiment in America, by Morton White
Heart & Mind
Science and Sentiment in America: Philosophical Thought from Jonathan Edwards to John Dewey.
by Morton White.
Oxford University Press. 358 pp. $8.95.
Near the end of his new book, Morton White says that "on all the lower floors of philosophical anti-intellectualism we can hear the noise of philosophers who live at the top. Those Americans who have lived at the very top of our high culture have thumped their message down to lower floors for two hundred years." Now, of course, the high-level thumping has stopped, and the philosophers at the top have abandoned the heart for the head. There is still a thumping going on—it may even be louder than ever—but it is left now to sound alone in the hearts of "philosophasters" and kids. We have many specialized epistemologists and great-souled sages today, but no middlemen of "the grand manner" who reflect on the broader aspects of civilization as well as on the narrow, who feel called upon to wrestle with science as well as sentiment (and who sometimes even get them to embrace), who are "technicians but not mere technicians," who are "seers but not madmen." Not since John Dewey have we had whole men like these. Yet these are the only kind of men who can reach moral truth, and who can perhaps temper the thumping going on down below with some other and more moderate means of communication. This is the view—it is more like a plea—that Morton White puts forth as he traces the great high road of American philosophy from Jonathan Edwards to Dewey.
Temper the thumping down below and bring the heart back to the head up top; we are hearing this message a lot from writers about philosophy lately. So much so that if this message were the only virtue of Science and Sentiment in America it would be a questionable one for thumping, or even temperate tapping, even from as distinguished a student of ideas as Morton White. If rigid specialization exists on one side and anti-literate intuition on the other, who in the world is expected to be reading a book about the problem? Its very existence precludes the need to describe it, for there is no audience. Perhaps this is why such books turn out usually to be deadening and disorganized lamentations that plunk like used out ping-pong balls between mental logic and emotional lightning. But here is an admirable book, and one well worth the reading by both philosophers and historians of ideas. It is not like the ones I have just described. Not until the epilogue, at any rate, and by then you have read the body of the book, and have seen its virtues, and you don't mind—at least not too much.
To begin with the virtues. As I see it there are two major ones. First—and there is wedged in here a major contribution to the history of ideas—White points out that the main argument of the Declaration of Independence is as much a product of the native American democratic animus as it is the legacy of John Locke. For while Locke's moral philosophy rested on self-evident principles which could be accounted for by reason, those principles, when enunciated by the framers of the Declaration, rested on sentiment and affection. The influence at the top was principally that of Jonathan Edwards, who had added his "Sense of the Heart" to the empiricism and rationality of Locke. And the irony was that while Locke had avoided senses of the heart, or innate principles, for democratic reasons, fearing that in England they might be used to justify the conservative feudal tradition, his own use of deduction was modified on this side of the Atlantic because it represented heady stuff above the democratic and anti-intellectual hearts of "ordinary men and farmers." In effect, Locke was out-democrated and out-sentimentalized by men using a method which he regarded as reactionary. True, some of this has already been said by American intellectual historians like Staughton Lynd and Bernard Bailyn, but what White contributes is a sharper presentation of the implicit distinctions between innate and self-evident, and also the development of the idea that in America the heart remained alluring, as a source of knowledge and morality for everyman, as a "people's road" to truth, as "a form of populist anti-intellectualism"—even as in the later 19th century the influences of Darwin and Comte began to turn American philosophy in the scientific direction.
Emerson's heart was "Reason"; James's, the "Will to Believe"; and for Peirce it was the perceiving organ. Even in the philosophies of such ostensibly antagonistic figures as the idealist Josiah Royce and the empiricist Chauncey Wright, emotion played important roles. It is, in fact, especially important and significant that such scientifically minded men as Charles Peirce and Royce felt called upon to use one source as justification for the other, though from opposite directions. With Peirce pragmatism was justified by somewhat mystic universal, and with Royce the oversoul was fortified by logic.
And it is here that we encounter the second major virtue of Science and Sentiment in America. It helps to put in historical perspective the confusing contemporary joggling of philosophies on what one might call the lower floors of domestic intellectual life: where words that come from different sides of the tracks—like sensitivity and training—are coupled; where the scientific movement for ecological balance seems to have been able to enlist many of its young members only because they were previously trained in organic nature by the Yin-Yang set; where at times the head even seems to be used rigorously to justify its own domination by the heart. As White points out, John Dewey brought American philosophy into the action of life and so ended the dualism and tension between morals and science. But this also meant, unfortunately, that science in philosophy was allowed to march off to the towers, while sentiment continued to flood the malls, leaving a meeting-ground only under the auspices of "philosophasters." Ironically, it was Dewey's interest in all the problems of living, especially in education and politics, which placed him in the great tradition of technician-seers and caused him at the same time to contribute toward ending that tradition. Emerson had looked down his nose at empirical "Understanding"—"that wrinkled calculator"—yet Dewey, along with Wright and James and Santayana, still found truths in the great Transcendentalisms visions. The truth for Dewey was Emerson's emphasis on life, on "the common experience of the everyday man." Dewey and Emerson were on different sides of "that wrinkled calculator," but as philosophers in the grand manner they were as one: critics of formalism and advocates of action. And this is the same combination that thrives today. It is still American, though the action has descended from the upper realms of specialized epistemology down into life and though it has certainly lost some valuable critical muscle in the fall.
In his prologue, Morton White says that while his intention was to limit his focus "primarily to the most distinguished American philosophers," he also wanted to look at the "relationship between American philosophy and the world around it, both intellectual and social." In other words, he was approaching the history of ideas from the high and low roads (an attempt, I think, to exemplify his own entreaty to the American scholar—Emersonian in form, not content—to unite all the pathways: logic, learning, experience, and sentiment). The high road he has certainly traveled well. To my knowledge no one has done better. However, I think that White did forget the low road. Aside from some general statements there is very little of significance said about American social and cultural history as it relates to our philosophers' sometime preference for the heart over the head. What could be called a middle road had been taken by White in his earlier book, Social Thought in America, where he dealt with Dewey as well as with the maverick economist Thorstein Veblen, the jurist Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., the historian Charles Beard, and others. And the lower road has, of course, been surveyed already by the late Richard Hofstadter. Yet because White's views are somewhat different from Hofstadter's (notably that there can be intellectual anti-intellectualism), and because Social Thought in America dealt more with the end of formalism than with the question of science versus sentiment, White should have covered his projected low road more thoroughly.
Nonetheless, Science and Sentiment in America possesses a unity of theme, a clarity of style, and a precision of thought which make it an exceptionally readable book. It may well be that this particular theme—heart-mind duality—is the most perfectly chosen one for a history of American philosophy, because its very exposition forces the writer to avoid falsely smoothed-out coherences and badly patched-up consistencies. White explores the tensions and the incongruities in the minds of men like Royce and Peirce and James precisely because his theme is those tensions. He may be forced to stretch occasionally—as when he makes Chauncey Wright an advocate of feeling, albeit that feeling is relegated to the "poetic" world—but that, like his giant-stepping along the low road, is forgivable.


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VICTORIA, Australia (WTVR) — Melbourne Zoo's newest baby elephant made his first public outing on Friday.
Proud mum Num-Oi stepped out with her teetering newborn son, just one day after giving birth. The mother and son took a morning stroll with a little help from zoo keepers.
After a grueling four-day labor it was time to show off her pride and joy.
"She's come through well, he's come through well, and we're really pleased to see how well they're bonding together and the baby's suckling very well," Dr. Helen McCracken, a veterinarian, said.
The baby, which is the third elephant to be born at Melbourne Zoo, was conceived through artificial insemination. Experts stress that the success rate for elephants born in captivity is around 50-percent.
There were some tense moments for mother and child.
"That baby was stuck for a while and we sometimes are concerned about trauma to the baby but he's shown no evidence of that," McCracken said.
Num-Oi has taken to motherhood with the greatest of ease. However, zoo officials said she was so attentive that the baby had to sleep standing up all night.
The little one will start spending time with other elephants in the coming days.


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Posts filtered on Tag
Forbes: Astros rank 16th in MLB with team value of $626 million
The Astros are ranked 16th in the annual Forbes magazine ranking of MLB team values. The magazine puts the team's worth at $626 million, a 14 percent increase from last season. Forbes' calculations put the Astros with an operating income of $24.7 million on revenues of $196 million. Jim Crane bought the Astros in November […] [Read More]


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rugger (countable and uncountable, plural ruggers)
- (uncountable) rugby
- (US) a person who plays rugby
1974 August, Paul Burka, "The Sport of Rough Gentlemen", Texas Monthly, volume 2, number 8, page 42:
- To this day ruggers belittle soccer, and they will tell anyone who expresses the slightest interest in their game that rugby is "a ruffian's game played by gentlemen," while soccer is "a gentleman's game played by ruffians."
1977 Apr, Robert McKay, "My Heart's In Highlands, A Chasing The Ruggers", Cincinnati Magazine, volume 10, number 7, page 80:
- When you put sixty ruggers and their friends and lovers in a bar, you've really got something going.
1996 December 16, Shannon Black, "Rugby: Aliens 3, Locals 0", New York Magazine, volume 29, number 49, page 22:
- Some of the world's most talented ruggers had come to New York for the weekend to play for fun. "What's football — just an Americanization of rugby," exclaimed one fan at the 38th Annual New York Sevens Tournament. … Brian Corcoran, who in 1990 played for Team USA for free, distinguished ruggers from "the spoiled, arrogant professionals you're dealing with in other sports."
2011 June 8, "Club sports: Touring British Army ruggers welcomed", Santa Monica Daily Press:
- After the game, the teams adjourned to the Dolphins' usual after-match location, O'Brien's Irish Pub on Main Street, where they enjoyed a spirited social together: songs were sung, speeches and presentations were made, and mutual admiration was expressed, particularly toward the soldier-ruggers of the 7th for their sacrifice and dedication.


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Lady Antebellum, Moore, Musgraves coming to Toledo Nov. 16Written by Staff Reports | | email@example.com
Lady Antebellum announced new tour dates Sept. 13 and one of them is in Toledo.
The seven-time Grammy-winning trio will visit the Huntington Center on Nov. 16 as part of the group's Take Me Downtown tour. Kip Moore and Kacey Musgraves will open the show.
Tickets ($39.75-$69.75) go on sale at 10 a.m. Sept. 20 at ticketmaster.com or by calling (800) 745-3000. VIP tickets ($199-$299) can be found at www.cidentertainment.com/ladyantebellum.
Among Lady A's biggest hits are "Downtown," "I Run to You," "Need You Now," "We Owned the Night," "Love Don't Live Here" and "Our Kind of Love."
Moore's hits include "Hey Pretty Girl" and "Somethin' Bout A Truck." Musgraves is best known for her song "Merry Go 'Round," off her debut album, which hit No. 1 on Billboard's Top Country Albums chart earlier this year.
For more information, visit www.ladyantebellum.com.
Tags: Huntington Center, Kacey Musgraves, Kip Moore, Lady Antebellum, Take Me Downtown


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There are nine 12" x 12" panels in which every individual will have to creatively collage. The panels will make up a larger image by using light and dark patterns. The pattern I will be showing you is a ring pattern but you can make whatever pattern you would like.
Step 1: Supplies
9 cardboard or wood panels (12" x 12" each)
Lots of magazines or other collaging materials
Step 2: Creating Your Template
The first thing you will need to do is to make a grid like this one on your 9 panels.
Once you've gridded all the panels you can use this image to added the rings. I would recommend plotting points on the grid and doing one panel at a time, the lines don't have to be perfect, they will be covered up by the collage later.
Step 3: Labeling Your Template
Label the parts you want to be light with L's and the parts you want to be dark with D's. Alternating them with the rings so that the image will be clear.
Step 4: Collaging!
Remember to explain that the D's mean collage them dark and L's mean collage them light. Contrast is important but that doesn't mean it needs to be perfect. It's much more interesting when some panels are clean and clear and others are not.


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Less than 1 week until DMB at Riverbend. Anyone on here going this year? I've had my tickets for a while, and I can't wait.
I saw the band at Deer Creek this past weekend for a two night show -- amazing time. They sounds better than ever, even with LeRoi Moore being out injured. Dave's voice sounds a ton better (quitting smoking has REALLY paid off -- he's back to hitting the falsettos on most of the songs) than in recent memory.
Although, it looks like another scorcher this year -- hopefully they give us a good show here in Cincy!


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NORTHRIDGE, Calif. –
A productive fall and winter for the Cal State Northridge men's soccer program has put a pair of Matadors in the national spotlight. Former midfielder Rafael Garcia has been named to the LA Galaxy's 30-man roster and has signed a contract, the club announced Wednesday, and freshman forward Edwin Rivas was selected as Los Angeles' Division I Freshman of the Year by ESPNLA.com.
Garcia was selected in the second round of the MLS Supplemental Draft in January after competing in the MLS Combine in Ft. Lauderdale, Fla. He was signed to the roster after a productive preseason in which he recorded an assist in a match against Chivas USA on Feb. 16.
During his career at Cal State Northridge, Garcia appeared in 68 matches (64 starts) and scored six goals while adding nine assists for 21 points. He served as the team's primary kick taker, as well as a co-captain, and earned his first career First Team All-Big West Conference selection as a senior.
Garcia, a native of Canoga Park, Calif., joins his former teammate Sean Franklin, who was taken in the 2008 MLS SuperDraft and won the league's Rookie of the Year award after his first season.
"I tried my hardest [during preseason]. I worked very hard. I like to think my hard work paid off. I looked at the rest of the midfielders, saw what they were doing, and I learned a lot. I think that was to my benefit, and thank God it all worked out for me," Garcia said in an interview with Scott French for ESPNLA.com.
Rivas tied for the team lead with five goals in his rookie campaign for the Matadors and played in all but one match in 2011. Originally from Los Angeles, Rivas scored the game-winning goal against then-No. 7 UCLA on October 22 to help Northridge rally from a 2-1 halftime deficit for the program's first ever win at Drake Stadium.
Rivas was named an All-Big West Conference Honorable Mention after the season and was selected as ESPN Los Angeles' Division I Freshman of the Year for his work on the pitch, joining an All-Area Team that featured no less than nine MLS draft picks this year.
Related Links:


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Appetizers! : From fuss-free dips and chips to elegant Mini Crab Cakes that launch a dinner party in style, these 150 triple-tested hors d'oeuvres from Good Housekeeping make a terrific first impression. The dishes come from around the world and feature spreads, breads, pizzas, tarts, finger foods, savory soups, plus a few sweet treats to complete a buffet of small bites. Appetizers! also offers valuable advice on how to choose and serve the menu, along with great ideas for quick and easy last-minute canapés. Choose from a selection of easy antipasti (like pitted dates filled with Parmesan or pecorino Romano cheese); tea sandwiches; mouthwatering hummus; potted shrimp; savory stuffed mushrooms, Mexican meatballs, luscious chocolate fondue with fruit, and many more sensations. All the recipes include nutritional information and prep times. They're so good, they may even replace the meal!
|Cooking, Food & Wine
|Courses & Dishes


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The Bachelorette
Trista Sutter's Daughter Blakesley Is The Most Adorable Ballerina EVER — Cute Pic of the Day
First-ever Bachelorette Trista Sutter and her husband Ryan seriously make the most photogenic and adorable children in the history of procreation. Exhibit A? This snapshot Trista took yesterday while little Blakesley Grace was in ballet class.
Is she not the sweetest little sugarplum fairy? Just one look at this pic made our hearts do a tour jeté.
Source Trista Sutter's Twitter


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Thai Dancing
The fascinating and famous Thai dance in northern Thailand is "Fan Leb" ("Fan" means dance and "Leb" means fingernail) or fingernail dance. The dancers usually wear bronze nails on every finger except for the thumbs; mostly, Fon Leb is performed together with Fon Tien. This beautiful dancing is performed with lovely, sweet music and has slow movements; it is usually performed in a group during the daytime. The chignon hairstyle worn by the dancers is typical of the North. Originally, the long chain adorning hair pieces would have been made of jasmine, but today they can be made of silver or some other bright metal. "Fon Tien" or "Candle Dance" is another famous type of dance in northern Thailand. It is performed in groups and has very slow, graceful, and almost meditative movements. Fon Tien is usually performed in festive occasions or before important guests in open air at night.
Thai dancing originated as long as 1450 years ago. It began in 850 AD at around the time when Thailand was founded. The Khmer had a heavy influence on the Thai people and most of the first dancing was Khmer. Eventually the Thais took control and created their own city-state which they named Sukhothai. Thai culture flourished and they developed their own types of dance and music.
Thai dance is known as "Fawn Thai". Usually the dances are performed by four to six dancers, but on special occasions, several hundred dancers perform. Each dance has its own Thai music and rhythm.
N "Fawn Tian" = Candle Dance
N "Fawn Leb" = Fingernail Dance
N "Fawn Ngiew" = Scarf Dance
N "Fawn Morn Gumm Ber" = Butterfly Dance
N "Ram Dab" = Sword fighting Dance


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Viet-anh Cafe
your comments review this restaurant and win a bottle of champagne
Quality meal, good service and a lovely night out. The food was amazing tasty, pleasuring and filling good portions.
Would recommend this place, one of the restaurants of the classier end of the Chinese food market.
A regular user, highly rated.
Comment on this reader review
Overall rating
Food 8 | Service 8 | Atmosphere 9 | Value for money 8
Thursday, May 15, 2014
I've been to the cafe once, and would never go back. I am Vietnamese myself so deeply disappointed with the food there. It's more like a Chinese take away than an 'authentic Vietnamese' restaurant as they call themselves. The Pho noodle is tasteless, it tastes like they use the instant flavour cube rather than using the traditional method of boiling bones overnight. The restaurant was packed at 7pm but there was only 1 waiter. Me and my friend had to come to the counter to ask for where to sit, and again later to pay. We had to wait quite a long time for the waiter to come and take our order. Also he completely forgot about our drinks because he was so busy taking taking other take away orders. If you looking for the authentic Vietnamese food and great experience, please avoid this restaurant at all cost!
Comment on this reader review
D. Le
Overall rating
Food 0 | Service 0 | Atmosphere 0 | Value for money 0
Wednesday, August 01, 2012


text: We've been dying to catch a glimpse of what Madonna's film, W.E. looks like after hearing so much about it. All that fuss about hydrangeas and silent quasi-apologetic films and we were ready to bite into the actual movie and not the hype. Now that we've watched the W.E. official trailer, we're not surprised in anyway. It's exactly what we thought it would turn out to be — very stylized, very Madonna. Even down to the gentle cello and piano soundtrack. There's going to be lashings of melodrama in this and, we're guessing, some slow-mo used to further the effects. But that does not necessarily make it a bad thing for us. We're quite intrigued and are definitely going to give it a watch. Will you?


text: 2.20 Glycemic Control at the Diabetes Planned Visit Diabetes Planned Visit Notebook Diabetes planned visits address several health topics of concern to the diabetic patient, including glycemic control. This document is a decision support aid for controlling blood glucose levels.Glycemic ControlEffects of HgbA1c changes on health: ↑ 1% → ↑ cardiovascular disease 28%.↓ 1% → ↓ heart attack rate 14%.↓ 1% → ↓ diabetes related deaths 25%.↓ 1% → ↓ kidney, eye or nerve damage 30%.Each oral agent lowers HgbA1c about 1%.Most patients eventually require insulin.50% by 6 years; 80% by 9 years.HgbA1CAverage Blood Sugar61357170820592401027511310123451338014415Steps to control Blood GlucoseFind out patient's understanding and priorities.If diet questions or High BMI: Summa dietitian, Summa DM Center, or U of A diet study.Optimize oral agents and follow Q2-4 weeks.Prepare patient for insulin treatment: FMC nurse visit for DM education, Summa DM Center.Start insulin.Medication selectionHgbA1c >7%, but <8%Most patients will require two agents for long-term control.Choosing sulfonylurea or metformin initially is not particularly important. Sulfonylurea—more rapid onset than metformin. Hypoglycemia with glipizide (Glucotrol) than glyburide (Diabeta, Micronase).Metformin (Glucophage)—lower risk of hypoglycemia, less weight gain.HgbA1C > 8%Start sulfonylurea (glipizide, glyburide), rather than metformin, for more rapid onset.HgbA1c >9.0%Combination therapy will likely be required, may not reach AIC <7. Consider metformin + glyburide (Glucovance) or glipizide + metformin (Metaglip).Hemoglobin A1C >10% Start insulin.Oral agentsIf HgbAIC ≥9, unlikely to reach goal with oral agents.Sulfonylureas show full effect within 1 to 2 weeks.Metformin shows full effect in 4 weeks.TZDs may not reach full effect for several months.Metformin (Glucophage)Avoid metformin in patients who are at risk for lactic acidosis.Females serum creatinine >1.4, males creatinine >1.5.Estimated creatinine clearance <60 cc/min.Congestive heart failure.Hypoxia.Take with food to avoid GI symptoms of diarrhea, nausea, vomiting.Start 500mg-850mg in the morning with meals Increase by 500-850 mg every 2 weeks.Split the dose to b.i.d.Usual maintenance is 850 mg b.i.d.Max benefit at 2,000 mg daily.If iHgbA1C >7 after 4 weeks at maximal doses, add a second agent.If HgbA1c >7 after 4-12 weeks of max metformin plus a second agent, switch to different agent i.e, substitute TZD for sulfonylurea, or vice versa.Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) (pioglitazone, rosiglitazone)Contraindications:NYHA class 3 or 4 CHF.ALT >1.5 the upper limit of normal.Monitor ALT, AST and bilirubin periodically. If ALT is greater than 1.5 to 2 times higher than the upper limit of normal during therapy, retest in a week, then weekly until it returns to normal.If ALT ≥3 X ULN discontinue TZD.Not recommended as monotherapy.May be used with sulfonylurea or metformin.Monitor hemoglobin A1C at three and at six months.Discontinue TZD if HgbA1c >7.Starting Insulin Glargine (Lantus) in the morning (or at bedtime).Initial glargine dose: 10 units daily or 2 units for each 20 mg above 100mg.Titrate weekly based on last 2 FPG values: 2 units for each 20mg above 100mgi.e., FPG 140 → increase 4 units; FPG 200 → Increase 10 units.No increase in dose if BG <72 or documented severe hypoglycemia.Avg doses to achieve a FPG of 100 mg = 0.45-0.5 units/kg. Page last reviewed October 2014 Internet Citation: 2.20 Glycemic Control at the Diabetes Planned Visit: Diabetes Planned Visit Notebook. October 2014. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. http://www.ahrq.gov/professionals/education/curriculum-tools/diabnotebk/diabnotebk220.html


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The Student Handbook is maintained by the Office of Student Accountability and Restorative Practices, a department in the Division of Student Affairs and University Planning (SAUP).
Website Navigation
You can navigate this site by using the menu to the left. If you wish to go back to a previous page, you may also click the navigation menu at the top.
Student Handbook Updates
The 2014-15 James Madison University Student Handbook is now available exclusively online. To navigate through the Student Handbook, use the gold menu on the left of this page.
It is the responsibility of every student to know and follow the policies outlined in the JMU Student Handbook along with federal, state, and local laws. The JMU Student Handbook also outlines the Accountability Process – the process used to resolve allegations of student misconduct, as well as the rights of a student throughout the Accountability Process.
Substantive changes have been made to the Student Handbook for the 2014-15 Academic Year. These changes include:
- Terminology used by the Office of Student Accountability and Restorative Practices (formerly the Office of Judicial Affairs)
- A revision of how the Accountability Process is explained in the Student Handbook, based on student feedback
- The creation of a separate and distinct Sexual Misconduct Accountability Process to address allegations of Sexual Misconduct
- The creation of a Sexual Misconduct policy that more clearly encompasses an large spectrum of behavior, including sexual assault, non-consensual sexual contact, sexual exploitation, sexual harassment, and relational violence
- Substantive revisions of university policies including:
- J38-101 Alcohol
- J38-102 Drugs
- J12-100 Falsification of Information
- J16-100 Harassment and/or Bullying
- J17-100 Hazing
- J18-100 Interference with the Accountability, Honor Council, or Title IX Process
- J39-100 Theft
- The Enlightened Citizen Amnesty Process
A review of these changes is outlined in this document.
Note: In an effort to advance JMU web technologies effectively and efficiently JMU will be implementing CASCADE, a content management system (CMS). As part of the implementation process, all JMU websites will be going through a redesign phase. Be aware that during this period you may experience down times on some JMU content or links that are no longer accurate. If you need any assistance accessing information, please notify the Office of Student Accountability and Restorative Practices.