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Narrow your search
A robot from Carnegie Mellon takes the snake-bot concept and uses the twisty robo-critters as legs for a strange new machine.
The discovery of a fossil of a snake with four legs suggests that the modern-day reptiles evolved from digging, rather than swimming, ancestors.
Technically Incorrect: More than 2.5 million people have gravitated to a video of a mama rabbit trying to protect her babies. Mama teaches the snake a lesson, and how, with kung fu-style prowess.
Technically Incorrect: An Oklahoma man is walking and staring down at his phone. He doesn't notice a long snake just lying there. He steps on it.
Technically Incorrect: A cute little extension for Google's Chrome browser changes the word "millennial" to "snake people." The results are glorious.
Luckily, insects and monkey brains won't be on the menu at Jock Lindsey's Hangar Bar, opening this fall at Walt Disney World. "Rolling Boulder Meatballs" will be, however.
That's right, opossums. Tests show that their superpower to resist snake venom could be harnessed to save thousands of lives.
A man hiking around Australia in full Imperial Sandtrooper armour has survived an encounter with one of the world's deadliest snakes, and he has his Star Wars costume to thank.
On today's show, we take a look at a terrifying new robot with snake-bots for legs, cheer Sony's plans to actually release "The Interview," and watch ancient Greek art come to life with the help of some clever animations.
Carnegie Mellon University showed off their newest creation this week: a robot with six incredibly articulate and stable legs. Even a hard shove by a human leg can't stop this thing, but we'll tell you why this kind of robot could be great for search and rescue.


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Recycled paper is made from waste paper, usually mixed with fresh wood pulp. If the paper contains ink, the paper must be deinked. Deinking also removes fillers, clays, and fiber fragments.
Almost all paper can be recycled today, but some types are harder to recycle than others. Papers that are waxed, pasted, or gummed?or papers that are coated with plastic or aluminum foil?are usually not recycled because the process is too expensive. Even papers that are recycled are not usually recycled together. Waste papers should be sorted. You shouldn?t mix newspapers and cardboard boxes together for recycling.
Different grades of paper are recycled into different types of new products. Old newspapers are usually made into new newsprint, egg cartons, or paperboard. Old corrugated boxes are made into new corrugated boxes or paperboard. High-grade white office paper can be made into almost any new paper product?stationery, newsprint, or paper for magazines and books.
Sometimes recyclers ask you to remove the glossy inserts that come with newspapers. The newsprint and glossy inserts are different types of paper.
Glossy inserts have a heavy clay coating that some paper mills cannot accept. Besides, a paper mill gets more recyclable fibers from a ton of pure newsprint than it does from a ton of mixed newsprint that is weighed down with heavy clay-coated papers.
Unlike most other recyclables, paper cannot be recycled over and over again. Eventually the fibers become too weak and short to be used again. That is why virgin paper fiber is usually mixed with recycled paper when new paper products are made. Most cardboard boxes are a mixture of 50 percent new and 50 percent recycled fibers.
So does paper recycling save energy? Yes it does, although the energy savings are not as spectacular as they are with aluminum and steel recycling.
A paper mill uses 40 percent less energy to make paper from recycled paper than it does to make paper from fresh lumber. However, a recycling mill may consume more fossil fuels than a paper mill. Paper mills generate much of their energy from waste wood, but recycling mills purchase most of their energy from local power companies or use on-site cogeneration facilities.
Making recycled paper does require fewer chemicals and bleaches than making all-new paper. Although recycled paper is less polluting than paper made from wood fiber, both processes produce different by-products. Paper mills may emit more sulfur dioxide, but recycling mills may produce more sludge. Deinking at Cross Pointe?s Miami, Ohio mill results in 22 pounds of sludge for every 100 pounds of wastepaper recycled.
Paper recycling does mean fewer trees are used to make paper, but all-new paper is almost always made from trees specifically grown for papermaking. A tree harvested for papermaking is soon replaced by another, so the cycle continues. ?We are not talking about the rain forest or old growth in the Pacific Northwest,? says Champion Paper?s Martin Blick. ?Most of the trees cut for paper come from fifth or sixth generation pulp-wood forests.?
Between 1990 and 1993, there was a glut of old newspapers on the East Coast. People in some communities diligently collected newspapers for recycling, only to have stacks of them grow and grow until they had to pay someone to haul them away?sometimes to a landfill!
In these situations, it may be better to burn the paper in a waste-to-energy plant than to recycle. The heat energy produced from burning the paper can be used to make steam and electricity.
During the last few years, the demand for recycled paper has caught up to the supply. More than 85 new paper mills with recycling capabilities have been built in the United States. Today, many paper companies are eager to get their hands on as much used paper as possible.
Most news print producers were using at least some recycled newsprint by 1995. Now they are worried that there may not be enough old newspapers to meet their demand.
America?s forest and paper companies have met their goal to recover 50 percent of all the paper used. They have set a new goal of 55 percent recovery by 2012.
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subset: commoncrawl


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About Discover New England
Discover New England (DNE) is the official tourism organization representing the New England region, and is a nonprofit cooperative marketing entity funded by the participating states of Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. DNE's primary mission is to increase tourism to the New England region from overseas markets — with a particular focus on the core markets of the United Kingdom/Ireland, Germany and Japan.
DNE was formed in 1992 when the incumbent Tourism Directors of the respective New England states formed a united front to market collectively to Europe. Outside of the United States, New England is the "brand" recognized by travelers and tour operators, who often do not recognize the names of the individual states. This joint marketing effort has proven to be highly successful and continues to offer an excellent return on investment for the individual states each year. In 2009, more than 1.6 million overseas visitors came to New England (6.8% market share with the United States).
DNE's Focus
The work of Discover New England is focused in the following three areas:
- Raising international consumer, travel trade, and media awareness of New England as a memorable, high-quality, four-season destination;
- Educating the New England hospitality business on how to work with and generate new business from the international market;
- Expanding the New England product offered by international tour operators and U.S. receptives and helping them set up itineraries, market the region, and contract accommodations.
DNE retains travel marketing organizations based in the U.K. and Germany who represent New England to tour operators, travel trade media, consumer media, and consumers themselves. We work closely with both European organizations and the states' International Marketing Managers on a regular basis to promote the New England region.
DNE Programs
DNE initiatives include the following:
- The Annual Discover New England Tourism Summit and International Marketplace
- Organization of New England Familiarization Trips for tour operators and members of the media
- U.K./Ireland/German Travel Trade Outreach
- Discover New England website
- German language Discover New England website
- Discover New England Travel Guides
- New England Representation at World Travel Market, International Pow Wow, ITB Berlin and JATA Travel Showcase
- New England Representation at Consumer Travel Shows in the U.K., Ireland, Germany and Japan
- Ongoing Media Outreach & Support in the U.K., Ireland, German-speaking countries and Japan
- Joint Marketing Efforts with International Tour Operators and Businesses
- DNE Partnership Program
- Free Online Training for thousands of European Travel Agents
- Unique "Pay to Play" opportunities for New England travel suppliers
- Fulfillment of consumer requests for travel information
For more information or to learn how to get involved with the international market, contact us at 603-766-0606 or email: email@example.com
DNE Staff
Lori Harnois, Managing Director
Kathy Scatamacchia, Operations Manager/FAMS


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Where Were Brooke Burke And Her Kids This Weekend?
Brooke Burke and her children were spotted in Malibu on Sunday.
Guess where they were!
The new Dancing With The Stars co-host and her kids, Neriah, 10, Sierra, 8, and Shaya, 2, spent time walking around Cross Creek shopping center carrying drinks.
The mom of four will be starting her new job on Dancing when it premieres on March 22. Do you plan to watch it?


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Facebook went public just about a month ago, and on Friday the Securities & Exchange Commission released its correspondence with the social network in the months between its initial filing and the May 18 IPO.
The back-and-forth between regulators and companies proposing public offerings is standard, with the SEC often requesting further disclosures or clarifications from the company. In some of the most recent correspondence — letters dated April 10 and May 1 — regulators requested additional information on Facebook's relationship with social gaming company Zynga, and its acquisition of Instagram.
"Please disclose that revenue from ads shown to users using Zynga apps on Facebook was approximately 7% of your revenue for 2011," reads the April 10 letter from SEC Assistant Director Barbara Jacobs to Facebook CFO David Ebersman, "and that this is in addition to the 12% of your 2011 revenue derived from payments processing fees related to Zynga's sale of virtual goods and direct advertising purchased by Zynga."
In May, the SEC wanted Facebook to offer more color on exactly how its $1 billion acquisition of photo-sharing site Instagram would play out. "Please clarify that the equity portion of the consideration to be paid to Instagram will be determined based on the fair value of your common stock on the closing date of the acquisition," Jacobs wrote.
Back in March, the SEC's first response to the company's IPO filing requested a number of clarifications, but chief among them was an explanation of just how much control founder and CEO Mark Zuckerberg would have over the publicly-traded company.
"In addition to disclosing the number of shares of common stock that Mr. Zuckerberg will hold following your initial public offering, please also quantify the percentage of voting control that Mr. Zuckerberg will hold post-offering," a February 28 letter reads. "Please more fully explain how the risk of Mr. Zuckerberg"s control affects you and the Class A common stockholders on a short-term and long-term basis." The SEC also asked Facebook to disclose that the employment contracts of Zuckerberg and COO Sheryl Sandberg "have no specific length and constitute at-will employment."
The correspondence does not indicate any concerns about the IPO ahead of what turned out to be a rocky debut for the company, nor anything like the accounting concerns that came up before Groupon's offering, when regulators took issue with how the daily-deal site was accounting for its marketing spending.
Ebersman and Facebook's lead underwriter Morgan Stanley have taken some heat for upsizing the deal and raising the price range of the IPO even as it became apparent that the company's growth was slowing to some degree and its ability to monetize mobile use remains in doubt.
The IPO flop has prompted a number of shareholder lawsuits — one, which aimed to depose parties including Zuckerberg in order to build a case, was rejected in Texas this week — and DealBook's Evelyn Rusli reports that Facebook and underwriters including Morgan Stanley, Goldman Sachs Group and JPMorgan Chase are set to file a motion in New York to consolidate the outstanding shareholder lawsuits against them.
The group will also likely attempt to pin the blame for the flubbed opening on Nasdaq and the exchange's technical issues, for which Chief Executive Bob Greifeld has already committed to a $40 million compensation fund for member firms.
Shares of Facebook have been enjoying their best week since debuting, and were up another 2.5% to $28.99 Friday morning.


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She got it, dudes!
The first face of this week's Fantasia for Real is one of doggone determination:
Like she told us last season, she's gonna get that GED, doggone it! But not without struggle…
The academic struggle turns familial when Fantasia hears her mother and Aunt Bunny talking about Devin and switches on her him-again?!? face.
And seriously: him again? I get that he is a god among men that everyone wants to procreate with (or have fun trying!), but really, she's just not into him. For you see…
"My heart is with somebody" an interesting refrain for Fantasia to employ (and she says it often). Those words make it sound like it's in the shop being worked on. Hopefully, it doesn't come back more damaged than it was when it went in.
Fantasia says that Aunt Bunny is "nicking and picking and trying to get information," and we receive an expression to accompany the description of course…
And then we hear a barrage of Bunny questions and commentary. Among them:
"Is he single? Did you get any vibrations from him or anything?" (This proves my suspicion that Devin is widely regarded as a sex toy.)
"I have some suspicions of my own, because I've read the Internet. I'm not stupid." (Did she read the entire Internet? If so, she should maybe partner up with this guy.)
"If something is going on, it's gonna come out. If something is wrong that's foul, it's coming out." (That is, of course, the worst thing about foul things: they come out.)
Let's put a pin in Bunny for a second, and check in with Teeny, whose new single art has just been designed:
In a few ways — starting with the layout — it looks like the design of a Cassingle. And if anyone has the gumption and magnetism to doomed schemes needed to bring back the Cassingle, surely it is Teeny.
Speaking of, this season's Bossquerade will be on a boat. Teeny calls it a Boatsquarade. Weather that eventually renders it a failure (spoiler alert!) be damned, Teeny doomed that idea when he christened it with that name.
Meanwhile, Fantasia takes her GED. Apparently, it's a mail-in thing. Maybe it's somehow cheat-proof, but then again, maybe it's teaching these aspiring high-school grads the greatest modern lesson there is: anything worth knowing is Googleable. Regardless, it's interesting to see the actual test…
…and it seems frustrating all the same:
Here's a summary of Fantasia's emotional variation from the time she sends in her test to finding out her score:
That last one should tell you everything you need to know: she passed! She informs us this with a completely justified "boo ya!"
What's more, she's valedictorian of her class! "I mean, there was only three people with me that took the test, but that doesn't matter!" she explains. Educated and grounded, that's our Tasia! Part of intelligence is knowing what you don't know but how many other people you know more than.
Anyway, Fantasia sings in the GED office or whatever.
She's ecstatic. It's contagious.
"I passed, I passed. Now run tell that," she says. Well, we don't really need to, since you just did on national television, but if you insist: HEY GUYS, SHE PASSED.
Fantasia's grandmother attends her graduation.
Grandma was always super concerned about Fantasia's education, so this day is particularly special for her. "This is my harvest. I've been waiting for this day," is how Grandma puts it. That's perfect, really. Everyone passes!
Lucky for her, Fantasia is beaming when her name is called:
Not only does everyone pass, everyone wins:
We now interrupt the educational joy to bring you some bad news from Teeny…
And no, it doesn't have anything to do with the coloration of his hair — it rained on his Boatsquerade.
That is the perfect reaction. The boat sets sail anyway, but Teeny does concede that he lost a lot of money with this scheme. His brother Ricco calls the entire location "geographically undesirable," so something tells me that Teeny's failure has to do with more than just the weather. Like I said: doomed from the start.
And speaking of things that were doomed from the start:
Bam. Fantasia is served with papers connected to the divorce proceedings of Antwaun Cook and his wife. Cook, of course, is the one whose Fantasia's heart is with. She has always contended that she met him after he was separated. Brian corroborates this story, but says he knew that it all was going to surface at some point. He calls the papers "some bulls***" and says he doesn't want the press to get a hold of the story. "I don't care about the press!" says Fantasia. On one hand, her perpetual openness would suggest as much. On the other…
…her expression suggests that the press is just one of several potential concerns.
Finally, as a respite from this headache, we get the best Fantasia face of the season so far…
…the attached-to-Patti LaBelle face.
She loves it as much as I do. "Ooh, you're so pretty and so sweet and so fierce and so wonderful!" says Miss Patti, who looks like she's about to consume Fantasia whole. They're backstage at a show that finds Patti introducing Fantasia to the stage.
I love the attribution in that screen shot. Indeed, Patti is a legend. She's almost at unicorn status. The woman is amazing.
Anyway, focusing on her work, Fantasia tells us that she doesn't have time for drama…
…though her performance suggests that it's actually her livelihood.
Maybe she draws the line between the drama that you choose for your art, and that which chooses you?
Related content
Fantasia Interview Exclusive: Fantasia Talks About Healing In Public
Fantasia On TMZ Photog: He Pissed Me Off
Fantasia for Real 2 show page
Fantasia for Real 2 videos and extras
Fantasia for Real Facebook page


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(Tony Duncan/Johnson City Press)
ELIZABETHTON — Work is continuing on the Gap Creek Highway project, which celebrated a milestone in January with one section, from Tenn. Highway 361 to Tester Road, opened on schedule. The project still has a year to go before it is completed, according to Mark Nagi, community relations officer for Region 1 of the Tennessee Department of Transportation.
The good news is that with the opening of that section, traffic is now permitted on the highway from the beginning of the project to the end.
"We opened the new connector portion which goes from the SR361 intersection to Tester Road," Nagi said. "This section had been closed for the last year. Gap Creek Road is now open from the beginning of the project to the end of the project. Besides some temporary lane closures at times, most of the remaining construction will take place on the new alignment, which is off the existing roadway."
The state's decision to make the improvements to Gap Creek Highway came as a result of the heavy amount of traffic. A lot of that traffic is comprised of motorists taking a bypass around the heavier traffic in Elizabethton and the numerous traffic lights along U.S. 321 and U.S. 19E.
The old Gap Creek Highway was narrow and curvy. As traffic increased, the TDOT began to see the accident rate climb on the highway.
"The crash rate for the majority of the route exceeds the statewide average; with the expected growth rate in traffic, an increase in the crash rate on (the) existing, narrow road is inevitable," Nagi said.
The state began working on the project several years ago. At the time it was also exploring the Northern Connector Project. While the Northern Connector project was hit with environmental problems and morphed into the SR 91 Project, the Gap Creek Project continued with its straighforward plan to make improvements to the existing road and provide for a new section of the highway.
The successful bidder on the project was Charles Blalock and Sons Inc. The current contract amount is $40,680,359.77.


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Ms. Fernandes where have you been and look at the message you are sending! Ludlow has done this several times before, and all we got is more rhetoric from the leadership and a town that wants to ignore the truth and facts. While asking our police to do more with less. It can't be nipped in the bud it is way too big a problem, and that idea only serves to re-enforce the attitude with this serious problem in town. It seems your priorities are out of line too. You are worried about property values & increased taxes; while others are worried about saving lives. And we wonder why? I hope this time it can be different and I will support it 1000% but I have my doubts, only time will tell.
This is the same school committee that spent almost $400,000 in contract buyouts in the last year, and another $100,00 in legal fees protecting some of it's member and handling issues it created. And the best answer to provided much needed access to the real world, "kids, bring your own stuff". Quality leadership at it's best. The saddest part is the town was always bold and initiators in adapting and using technology, the school committee in the 70s invested in technology for the classroom(s), making it one of the first in the state to do this.
You have two candidates for Board of Selectmen that have suggested some change. One suggested consolidation of several departments, and one the defunding of the Ludlow Boys and Girls Club. There does appear to be effort to stabilize or reduce taxes.


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Category Archives: Nick Noble
Stars over Caswell Beach
Starry Nights on Oak Island
First attempt to photograph the Milkey Way. Taken from an Oak Island (Brunswick County), NC ocean walkway at about 9:30 pm. After astronomical twilight and well before the moon rises. August 30, 2013
Backyard Photography
1st Place!
North Carolina Wildlife Resource Commission\'s 2011-12 Coastal Boating Guide
The new NC Coastal Boating Guide features three of my images.
Geocaching in Indiana
Geocache find #625 – GC9DD6 ==> Blog image #800
Lunch at FSB – Miami University
Quail Ridge Sunrise
The sunrise view from my backyard!!
Oxford Wendy\'s Comes Down
The Wendy\'s in the middle of Oxford had a \"small\" fire three years ago. The wise business owners left it abandoned (see image) in the center of town until they could brow beat City Council into letting them build a monstrously large apartment building. We will trade one eyesore (Abandoned Burnt out Wendy\'s) for another eyesore (Apartment building). City council lets the people down again.
Number 500
My 500th image. The Avon North Carolina Pier.
Happy Birthday Nick
Playing with Light
My handwriting has never been very good. My daughter teaches 4th grade. You should see her print! My son is a veterinarian. I write better than him!


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Should you find Phuong Vietnamese Restaurant just a tad familiar, little explanation is necessary. Ownership includes the same folks who helped operate the Pho No. 1 restaurant inside the H&L Asian Market on Rivers Avenue in North Charleston.
If you go
What: Phuong Vietnamese RestaurantWhere: 5634 Rivers Ave., North CharlestonFor more: 718-3781 or www.phuong restaurant.com
Now, theyve just moved up the road a bit to open Phuong at the space formerly occupied by the short-lived but well-received Rauls Taqueria and Mexican Grill.
So rather than offering bowls of Rauls Guadalajara specialty stew, carne en su jugo, Phuong spoons out pho, Vietnamese noodle soup served with a little cilantro, green onions and bean sprouts tucked on the side.
The decor, brightly colored walls and an S-shaped bar, might be similar to Rauls, only the menu resembles Pho No. 1. And by similar, we mean that its pretty much identical.
Not that its a terrible thing, just perhaps a tad unoriginal, as admirers of Pho No. 1 should become Phuong fans, as well.
Vietnamese dishes such as egg noodle soup, rice vermicelli, rice dishes, fried and steamed, fried noodle selections and savory, sizzling pancakes called banh xeo dot the menu.
And unlike Pho No. 1, Phuong accepts credit cards.
So stock up on the com ga don ($8.45) or com vit ($10.99), a pair of steamed rice plates served with crispy fried chicken and roasted duck, respectively.
Or try a bowl of rice vermicelli, with a choice of sliced pork, beef or shrimp.
Tasty spring rolls accompanied with a tasty peanut hoisin dipping sauce appear on the menu, too, along with several variations of pho, either with slices of beef, brisket, meatballs or tripe.
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|Best Western Sylvania properties are listed below. Search for cheap and discount Best Western hotel rates in Sylvania, GA for your business gathering or personal travels. We list the best Best Western Sylvania hotels so you can review the Sylvania Best Western hotel list below to find the perfect place.
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text: The Los Angeles Kings have officially qualified for the 2013 Stanley Cup Playoffs. The Kings earned their fourth consecutive postseason berth tonight after the Detroit Red Wings lost at Vancouver. The last time the Kings made the playoffs four consecutive seasons was 1987-93 (when the Kings made the playoffs seven straight times). This also marks the first time in franchise history the Kings have advanced to the playoffs in four consecutive seasons with a winning record (above .500) in each of those seasons.


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WAKEFIELD, Mass. - Stephanie Jones (Kimberley, B.C.), a sophomore forward on the seventh-ranked University of New Hampshire women's ice hockey team, was named TPS Louisville Player of the Month for December by the Women's Hockey East Association on Thursday.
Jones was a model of consistency in December by recording a point in four of five games with totals of three goals and two assists for five points. In two conference games - both against the University of Connecticut - she had three points on two goals, including the game-winning tally in a 2-1 decision at UConn, and an assist. Jones also scored the team's only goal against top-ranked Harvard University to mark the fourth consecutive game that she recorded a point.
Jones, who has skated in all 18 games, is third on the team in goals (eight) and is fourth in both assists (eight) and points (16). Earlier this season, she had a five-game point-scoring streak that included a four-point (3-1-4) effort at Quinnipiac University. It was her second career hat trick and fourth four-point total.
Last year, Jones became the first rookie to lead the team in goals since Brandy Fisher in 1996 and was named to the 2002 ECAC Eastern League All-Rookie Team. She has career totals of 25-21-46 in 54 games.
New Hampshire has a 14-3-1 overall record (5-0-0 WHE) and returns to action Jan. 4 with a home game against Brown University. Game time at the Whittemore Center is 2 p.m.


text: Leisure travelers aren't the only ones heading to the Cluj-Napoca area. One great option for those going on business is the 3.5-star Hampton by Hilton Cluj-Napoca, with an average guest rating of 4.11 out of 5. There's also Hotel Beyfin, with an average guest rating of 4.86. Additional well-ranked business properties include the 5-star City Plaza Hotel, along with Capitolina City Chic Hotel and Hotel Confort.If you'd like to tap into some local knowledge, check out the 4-star Golden Tulip Ana Dome. Not only is it popular with local travelers, it's also received an average rating of 4.78 out of 5. Other hotels worth consideration include Grand Hotel Italia, with its average guest rating of 4.69; Opera Plaza, with a rating of 4.29; and Univers T, which scores 4.43. Locals also have good things to say about Hotel Transilvania and the 3.5-star Siago Hotel. Melody Central is a good bet if you're looking to book last minute. It's a favorite among last-minute travelers and features an average guest rating of 5 out of 5. The 3.5-star Hotel Pension Verona Airport in Cluj-napoca is another popular last-minute pick.


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Campbells Sparkling Shiraz
In this month's issue
Rutherglen, Vic, $30
Arguably the most unique of Australian wine styles, this says it all with rich, fragrant shiraz fermented in the bottle with fine, dark crimson bubbles releasing full-flavoured plum and pepper spices with a cleverly cut coat of powdery tannins to finish. Raise the flag.
Rating: 4 out of 5 stars 'A cut above'
Food: Spiced duck breast.
More information: www.campbellswines.com.au
Information in this article is correct as of 22 January 2013.
Taste.com.au - January 2013
Tony Love, National Wine Writer, taste.com.au


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Symposium on April 3-4 will focus on Mexico's upcoming presidential election, featuring leading scholars and activists.
Pomona College presents a two-day symposium on "The Mexican Presidency 2006-2012: Neoliberalism, Social Movements and Electoral Politics," April 3-4, 2006, offering an opportunity to engage the most pressing issues confronting Mexico on the eve of presidential elections in July.
In a rare opportunity north of the border, attendees will hear from leading Mexican scholars, intellectuals, novelists and activists, who will analyze the country's political landscape and social movements. Presentations and speakers will include:
- Mexican historian and writer Adolfo Gilly will speak on "One Triangle, Two Campaigns."
- Activist and researcher Mercedes Olivera will focus on "Violence against Women and Mexico's Structural Crisis."
- Historian Rosalva Aída Hernández Castillo will examine "The Indigenous Movement in Mexico: Between Electoral Politics and Local Resistance."


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Lustrarte 404 One Light Wall Washer from the Dali Collection
Inspired by Art Nuveau architectural styles popular during the turn of the century, the Dali wall washer features graceful half-bowl glass with a delicate retaining band and curled accents that will add a touch of beauty to any room.
Lustrarte 404 Features:
- Amber Scavo and Matte Bowl Shaped Glass Available
- Solid Brass Construction
Lustrarte 404 Specifications:
- Number of Bulbs: 1
- Bulb Base: Candelabra / E12
- Bulb Shape: Type B
- Watts Per Bulb: 60
- Bulb Type: Incandescent
- Bulb Included: No
- Height: 2.95"
- Width: 11.81"
- Extension: 5.91"
- UL Listed for Dry Location
Additional Lustrarte Links
This Lustrarte item can also be referenced by the following color/finish specific model #:
- Lustrarte 404-00-0622
Antique Brass with Matte Glass
- Lustrarte 404-00-1222
Antique Brass with Pastel Scavo Glass
- Lustrarte 404-00-0625
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ARMA International is a not-for-profit association serving more than 10,000 information and records management professionals in the United States, Canada, and over thirty other nations. Members include records and information managers, MIS, IT, and ADP professionals, imaging specialists, archivists, hospital records administrators, legal administrators, librarians, and educators. ARMA is the authority on records and information management.
Greater Seattle Chapter was established in 1964. We currently have 95 members and hold monthly meetings in downtown Seattle and quarterly meetings in Everett. Members are from a mixture of public, legal, business, and vendor records and information management professionals. The Greater Seattle Chapter area includes members far north as Bellingham and Everett and throughout the Seattle metropolitan region. Annual chapter dues are $25 and meetings vary in cost.
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In the next few days, Chicago Public Schools officials are expected to lift the curtain on how the district hopes to fill a projected $1 billion budget chasm for the fiscal year that just started. For context: That shortfall equals roughly one-fifth of the district's operating budget for the 2012-13 school year.
CPS has already taken some painful steps to shrink that chasm: Almost 3,000 teachers and school-based staff have been laid off in recent weeks. Principals have slashed programs because their schools' budgets have cratered. Class sizes are expected to rise. Dozens of elementary schools have been shuttered.
We don't know how much of the $1 billion the district's decisions to date will save. But the CPS money crisis is here and — despite district officials' hopes and vows — it will hit students and classrooms.


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Use the calendar on the right to obtain the visibility of the Sun, Moon and five bright planets as seen from Melbourne.
why is it that Alaska has thirty days of night or thirty days of daytime. so at this time were is the sun or the moon.
To read the latest tweets from @museumvictoria
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Around 9:20PM last Monday 20th July 2015 while driving home towards the East on Wallowa Rd in the St Helena (Melbourne) area I saw what I understand to be a Bol...


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Dawn P
The BART transfer system from the airport to downtown works well, however, the information booth told us to get off at Civic Marina which is a very sketchy part of town. It was impossible to get a cab from there and we were quite uncomforable. Not the greatest introduction to the City. They should have told us to get off at Powell which is one stop further but a much safer part of the city.
Doing what: San Francisco Airport Roundtrip BART Transfer
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If you are looking for a friendly place to stay while in Westport, why not pay us a visit. We are located...
We have an excellent location in the centre of Westport so park the car and walk to Matt Molloys, Tobys or Westports other great bars (most with traditional music),
The Red Door B&B is the perfect stopover, whether you are touring the West coast of Ireland and beautiful Connermara, or staying in the gorgeous heritage town of Westport.
The Old Mill Holiday Hostel offers a self catering hostel experience in one of the oldest buildings in the centre of Westport. Stay in a unique old stone built building with a sense of history, character and charm.
A charming B&B located in the centre of Westport town. Just a short walk from restaurants and pubs. Its a
Croagh Patrick Lodge Bed & Breakfast offers luxury accommodation in a tranquil area of Mayo. Your hostess Linda prides herself on the personal service and attention she offers her guests.
Purpose built house on coast road L1801 Warm welcome with tea/coffee on arrival. Seven minutes walk to to
Find a Westport, Ireland hostel and save money on discount lodging. Hosteling in Westport, Ireland offers a different travel experience than staying at traditional accommodations. Youth hostels allow you to meet new people and learn from other international and worldly travelers. Most hostels are conveniently located in the center of the action close to public transportation, including buses and rails. Staying at a Westport, Ireland hostel is a great option whether you are backpacking or traveling on a budget . Browse our hostels and plan your Westport, Ireland vacation today!


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Berry Craig: I'm not against Romney just because he was born on third base and thinks he hit a triple. Likewise, it makes no sense for any union member to vote for Santorum just because his grandfather was a coal miner.
Why Freeze Spending on Only Part of the Budget?
Ivan Eland: President Obama's rationale for not including these security expenditures in his discretionary spending freeze is that he is prosecuting two wars. Aside from the obvious solution of ending the two conflicts—which are part of the "war on terror" but have had the counterproductive effect of increasing retaliatory terrorism—and cutting back the defense budget, defense spending could be reduced even if the two war efforts are sustained.


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The lowest term of fraction 45/30 is 9/16 , but I do not understand? How is this problem broken down?
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In lowest terms, 45/30 = 3/2 (not 9/16) because
I don't understand either. 45/30ths is not a fraction but is equivalent to 1 and 15/30ths or 1 1/2. Isn't it?
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The Georgia Tech Student Planning Association (SPA) is a volunteer organization comprised of graduate students in the School of City and Regional Planning. Throughout the year, SPA conducts a variety of social, academic, career development, and community outreach events. We are affiliated with the Georgia Planning Association and the American Planning Association. Membership is open to all interested graduate and undergraduate students, regardless of major.
Executive Board 2014-2015
Katie Perumbeti, President
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Getting Back to Business in Fairfield County!
Friday, Dec 7, 2012 at 8:00am-1:00pm
Intersection of Broad Street and Washington Boulevard, Stamford , CT
The Connecticut coastline has had its share of challenges recently and now it's time to look to the future and get back to business!
Please join Constant Contact, The Stamford Mayor's Office, SBA, SCORE, New Canaan Chamber, Stamford Chamber, and the Weston-Wilton Chamber for an event that will help you get back on your feet, and back up and running!
During breakfast you will hear from local officials about the uniqueness of doing business in Fairfield County. During lunch you will be able to network with other local businesses and learn about their challenges and achievements. And in the middle you will have plenty of time to sit with representatives from SBA and SCORE as well as local marketing experts to get the "real deal" on everything from financial assistance to business planning to marketing strategies.
Additionally, there will be two interactive marketing seminars to help you learn how to increase your repeat and referral business!
8:00 am – 8:30 am: Registration and networking
8:30 am – 9:30 am: Breakfast Speaker Brian Baxendale from SCORE Fairfield
9:30 am – 10:30 am: Social Media Marketing Made Simple by Constant Contact
10:30 am – 11:00 am: Open time for networking and consultantions
11:00 am – 12:00 pm: The Power of Email Marketing by Constant Contact
12:00 pm – 1:00 pm: Lunchoen Speaker from SBA Office of Disaster Assistance


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A method and apparatus for an electric current computed tomography system having an array of electrodes determines the best pattern of currents to apply to the electrodes based on the precision of the system for distinguishing between a known conductivity in a body and an unknown conductivity. An arbitrary current pattern is first applied to the array, which is at the surface of the body. Measurements are then taken for the resulting voltage pattern of the unknown conductivity. Calculations are then made to determine the calculated voltage pattern for the selected conductivity. The absolute value of the difference between the calculated and measured voltage patterns are then taken and, from this, a new current pattern is calculated. If the difference between the new current pattern and the arbitrary current pattern is less than the precision of the system, the arbitrary current pattern is applied to the electrodes. More likely, however, the difference will be greater than the precision. In this case, the new current pattern is applied to the electrodes and the measurements and calculations are repeated to generate a still further new current pattern. The difference between the previous and the new current pattern is then taken and again compared to the precision of the system. By repeating this process, the best current pattern is eventually reached.
1. In an electrical current computed imaging system, having a selected precision for the smallest voltage difference the system can measure in an array of electrodes on the surface of a body, a method of producing the best current pattern for applying to the array to distinguish between an unknown conductivity(σ) inside the body and a selected conductivity(s), comprising:
(a) applying an arbitrary current pattern (Ik) to the array to generate a voltage pattern (Vk (σ)) on the array for the unknown conductivity;
(b) measuring the voltage pattern for the unknown conductivity;
(c) calculating a voltage pattern (Vk (s)) for the selected conductivity;
(d) calculating the difference (δVk)between the values Vk (σ) and Vk (s), according to the formulas:
δVk ≡Vk (σ)-Vk (s)
and where L is the total number of electrodes 1 in the array;
(e) calculating a new current pattern (Ik+1) according to the equation; ##EQU8## (f) if the absolute value of the difference between the arbitrary current pattern and the new current pattern is equal to or less than the selected precision, applying the arbitrary current pattern to the array of electrodes as the best current pattern, and if the absolute value of the difference between the arbitrary current pattern and the new current pattern is greater than the selected precision, applying the new current pattern to the array of electrodes and repeating steps (b) through (f), until the difference between the absolute value of the new current pattern and a preceding current pattern is equal to or less than the selected precision.
2. The method of claim 1, including arranging the array of electrodes circumferentially around a container, containing the body.
3. In an electrical current computed imaging system, having a selected precision for the smallest voltage difference the system can measure in an array of electrodes on the surface of a body, an apparatus for producing the best current pattern for applying to the array to distinguish between an unknown conductivity(σ) inside the body and a selected conductivity(s), comprising:
(a) means for applying a selected current pattern (Ik) to the array to generate a voltage pattern (Vk (σ)) on the array for the unknown conductivity;
(b) means for measuring the voltage pattern for the unknown conductivity;
(c) means for calculating a voltage pattern (Vk (s)) for the selected conductivity;
(d) means for calculating the difference between the values Vk (σ) and Vk (s), according to the formulas: δVk ≡Vk (σ)-Vk (s) and where L is the total number of electrodes 1 in the array;
(e) means of calculating a new current pattern (Ik+1) according to the equation; ##EQU9## (f) means for determining if the absolute value of the difference between the selected current pattern and the new current pattern is equal to or less than the selected precision,
wherein said applying means continues to apply the selected current pattern to the array of electrodes as the best current pattern if the absolute value of the difference between the selected current pattern and the new current pattern is less than or equal to the selected precision, and
wherein said applying means applies the new current pattern to the array of electrodes if the absolute value of the difference between the selected current pattern and the new current pattern is greater than the selected precision,
said determining means causing said voltage pattern measuring means, said voltage pattern calculating means, said difference calculating means and said new current pattern calculating means to repeat their function using said new current pattern until the difference between the selected current pattern and the new current pattern is equal to or less than the selected precision.
The present invention relates in general to the field of electric current computed tomography or ECCT, and, in particular, to a new and useful method and apparatus for determining which pattern of current to apply to the surface of a body in order to best distinguish an unknown conductivity distribution within the body from a known conductivity distribution.
Various interior regions and organs of the human body are known to have different conductivity. Knowledge concerning the patterns of this conductivity can be used as a clinical tool. Differences in conductivity can indicate, for example, the presence of breast tumors.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,539,640 to Fry et al discloses a system and method of impedance imaging which utilizes an array of electrodes that are applied to the outer surface of a torso to be examined in a non-invasive manner. Currents are applied to the electrodes and resulting voltages are measured. Calculations are then made to construct an image for impedances in the body. This reference, however, does not teach how a best possible distribution of currents can be applied to the electrodes for best distinguishing the electrical properties of different areas in the body.
An apparatus and method for detecting tumors in living tissue is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,291,708 to Frei et al, which determine dielectric constants of various local regions in the tissue. This apparatus and method is drawn primarily to detecting tumors in breast tissue. It does not teach how one should go about selecting a current pattern for application to a plurality of electrodes for determining the electrical properties of the human tissue.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,486,835 to Bai et al teaches an ECCT technique, which utilizes an array of electrodes to be applied to an area of the human body and supplied with electric voltages. Currents produced by these voltages are then measured to calculate the electrical properties at a plurality of locations in the body for the purpose of producing a visual representation of the electrical properties.
So-called impedance cameras and other techniques for imaging patterns of electrical properties within the human body and other objects are disclosed in:
(1) R. J. Lytle and K. A. Dines, "An impedance camera: a system for determining the spatial variation of electrical conductivity," Lawrence Livermore Laboratory Report, UCRL-52413, 1978.
(2) R. P. Henderson and J. G. Webster, "An impedance camera for spatially specific measurements of the thorax," IEEE Trans. Biomed, Eng. Vol. BME-25, No. 3, p. 250-254, May 1978.
(3) R. H. Bates, G. C. McKinnon, and A. D. Seager, "A limitation on systems for imaging electrical conductivity distributions," IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., Vol. BME-27, p. 418-420, July 1980.
(4) T. Muari and Y. Kagawa, "Electrical impedance computed tomography based on a finite element model," IEEE Trans. Biomed Eng. Vol. BME-32, No. 3, p. 177-184, March 1985.
The present invention provides a method and apparatus for automatically determining the best pattern of currents to apply to the electrodes of an array in an electric current computed tomography (ECCT) system. In an ECCT system, having a finite precision, an object of the invention is to find the best current pattern which permits the system to distinguish between an unknown conductivity σ inside the body from a given conductivity s.
In order for an ECCT system to image a conductivity σ, it must be able to distinguish it from all conductivities, s=s(p), in some class of functions. In other words, there must be some current jl whose voltage v (p;σ,jl) differs from voltage for the other conductivities v(p;s,jl), by more than the precision of the ECCT system. Otherwise, the system cannot distinguish σ from s (where p is a point in the body).
In a paper by the inventor (D. Isaacson, "Distinguishability of Conductivity by Electric Current Computed Tomography", IEEE Transaction of Medical Imaging, Vol. MI-5, No. 2, June 1986), it was shown what the best pattern of current jl is to distinguish σ, the unknown conductivity from s, a known conductivity.
The present invention provides an automatic process by which an ECCT system can find this best pattern of current. The present invention solves the problem of whether or not the ECCT system can distinguish the unknown conductivity from the selected known conductivity. The invention also yields the best pattern of current for distinguishing these two conductivities.
While the present invention is particularly useful for non-invasive medical diagnosis, it can also be utilized for imaging the interior of materials other than living tissue, for geophysical imaging of the earth and oceans and other fields where imaging changes in conductivity would be useful.
The method of the present invention automatically finds the best current jl to distinguish the unknown conductivity σ inside a body from a given or selected conductivity s, by following the steps of:
(a) Guessing a current jo (p) and applying it to the surface of the body;
(b) Measuring and recording the resulting voltage for the unknown conductivity v (p; σ, jo);
(c) Calculating or analytically computing the voltage for the given conductivity, v (p; s, jo);
(d) Numerically calculating the difference between the measured and computed voltages;
y(1)=(v (p;σ,jo)-v (p;s,jo))
(where p is a point in the body)
and jl =y(1)/∥y(1)∥
(e) If jl (p) and jo (p) differ by less than the precision of the ECCT system, then jl =jl (p).
If not, the guessed current jo (p) is changed to the new current jl (p) and applied as a new current in step (a) above to repeat the process. Likewise, the process is repeated until the best current pattern jl is found to match the precision of the ECCT system. To better understand the present invention, a description of the forward and inverse problems to be solved will first be given. Letting B denote a body and S its surface, it is first assumed that B is a linear conductor with scalar conductivity σ=σ(p), where p is a point in the body as in the foregoing equations.
The voltage or potential U=U(p) is assumed to satisfy
in B. The current density vector is denoted by J=J(p) and is given by
In the forward problem, it is assumed that σ, and the normal component of the current density vector on the body's surface S are given.
In other words, on S we are given ##EQU1## where n denotes the unit outward normal vector on S.
If one specifies U at one point in B, and one chooses a j for which ##EQU2## then there is a unique solution U(p) to the preceding equations. Its restrictions to the boundary S is denoted by
for p on S.
Thus, the forward problem is to find the voltage V on the body's surface S, given the conductivity σ and current j. To emphasise that the voltage V is a linear functional of j and a non-linear functional of σ, one writes
V=V (p;σ,j).
This forward problem can be solved numerically by finite difference or finite element methods.
The inverse problem is to find the conductivity o in B from a knowledge of
Vk ≡V(p;σ,jk)
for a sequence of currents jk, k=1,2,3, . . .
The various features of novelty which characterize the invention are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this disclosure. For a better understanding of the invention, its operating advantages and specific objects attained by its uses, reference is made to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which a preferred embodiment of the invention is illustrated.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an idealized model of a thorax in the form of a tank used to demonstrate the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph plotting absolute voltage difference for electrodes around the tank against the diameter of target objects in the tank for demonstrating the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an illustration showing the relative sizes of the smallest non-homogeneous area distinguishable from a uniform background for three current patterns applied to the electrodes around the tank;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing the apparatus used to demonstrate the present invention in conjunction with the thorax model;
FIG. 5A is a graph plotting the applied current against the angle of the electrode around the tank for three iterations of the inventive method, in the presence of a forty-one millimeter diameter circular conductive target in the center of the tank;
FIG. 5B is a view similar to FIG. 5A plotting the measure of voltage against the angle;
FIG. 6A is a view similar to FIG. 5A for four iterations where the same target was moved to the 45° location at a radius of 0.5 of the tank diameter;
FIG. 6B is a view similar to FIG. 6A plotting the measure of voltage against angle; and
FIG. 7 is a flow chart showing the adaptive current selecting scheme of the present invention.
The present invention is designed primarily for application to biological systems. As noted above, however, it also has applications in other fields where an image of conductivity patterns within a body is desired.
The most promising application for the present invention, on biological systems, is for the thorax of a human body. For this reason, an invitro idealized model of the thorax is used to demonstrate the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a cylindrical tank generally designated 31 having a plastic cylindrical wall 34, a closed bottom 37 and a top 35. Thirty-two electrodes E are distributed in an array generally designated 10 around the tank 31. Each electrode is fashioned from a titanium plate having a platinum-iridium surface. These electrodes are arranged on the interior surface of the cylindrical plastic tank 31. The tank has a radius ro of 15 cm and a height or depth h of 6.5 cm. The electrodes are each 28.4 mm wide (W) and leave a 1 mm gap 36 between adjacent electrodes. Each electrode extends the full height h of the tank.
To demonstrate the present invention, the tank 31 was filled to a depth of 36 mm with different saline solutions having various electrical conductivities over the range of interest. Targets with different geometries and conductivities were then placed in the tank. Metal or plastic targets were used for conductivity of infinity (conducting) and zero (insulating). When conductivity similar to that of the bath in the tank were desired, mixtures of agar in saline were used to produce gelatine-like structures of desired geometry and conductivity.
To better understand the theory of the inventive process, consider a body B whose internal conductivity at a point p is σ(p) and which is surrounded by a surface S having area A. If L electrodes are then placed on the surface S, the area available for each electrode is A/L. In practice, the electrodes cannot cover the surface, which must have inter-electrode gaps. If f is the fraction of the available area covered by the electrodes, than fA/L is the area of each electrode.
For 1=1,2, . . . , L; Il k denotes the kth current applied to the lth electrode and Vl k denotes the kth voltage that results on the lth electrode.
In the tank, shown in FIG. 1, S is a cylinder of radius ro with L electrodes E placed on its sides of height h and width.
W=f·ro 0.2π/L.
When the cylinder is filled with saline of conductivity σo to a height h and currents Il k are applied to the electrodes E centered at θl =1·2π/L, a current density jk =jk (θ), that is independent of depth, results on S.
Generally, this current density has a fourier series representation ##EQU3## This current density results in voltages Vl k =Vl k (σo).
Let Vl k (s) denote the voltages that the kth current would produce on the lth electrode when a cylinder of radius r, depth h, and conductivity σ is centered in the previous saline filled tank or phantom.
The voltage difference between homogeneous and centered phantoms, δVl k is then approximately given by
δVl k =Vl k (σo)-Vl k (s)(1)
pn k =(ro /σo n)·(2μR2n)/(1+μR2n)
This formula (1) is compared with experiments illustrated in FIG. 2 for the currents (in mA) ##EQU4## The cosine pattern Il yields the largest voltage differences and enables one to distinguish smaller centered targets than the other patterns.
A centered cylindrical conductor of radius r can be distinguished from a uniform background by the current pattern Ik only if the maximum voltage difference, maxl |δVl k |≧εv where εv is the smallest voltage difference the system can reliably measure.
When L is large and f is approximately one, it follows from (1) that for the cosine current pattern I1 this is the case if ##EQU5## For the single current I2 applied between a pair of adjacent electrodes:
r≧ra ≡[4 sin (fπ/L) sin (π/L)/π]-1/2 rb. (3)
For the single current I3 applied between opposite electrodes:
r≧rp ≡[4 sin (fπ/L)/π]-1/2r b.(4)
Here 2rb, 2ra and 2rp yield the diameters of the smallest centered, conducting cylinders that can be distinguished from a uniform background. When ro =15 cm, σo -1 =350 Ω-cm, L=32, h=3.6 cm. and Ev =5 mV the respective diameters are 0.9, 2.6 and 8.3 cm as shown in FIG. 3 and confirmed by experiment.
In general, one measures the ability of a current pattern Ik =(Il k, I2 k, . . . IL k), to distinguish between two conductivities σ and by a single number, the "distinguishability δ" where ##EQU6##
We define I* to be a "best" pattern of current to distinguish o from s if I* maximizes the distinguishability, i.e.
δ(σ,s;I*)=maxI δ(σ,s;I)
For the previous example, it can be proven that I1 is a "best" pattern. In general, the best pattern depends on σ and s and cannot be known in advance.
The inventive process for producing the "best" I to distinguish σ from s is shown in FIG. 7 where the process is illustrated in terms of current density j. FIG. 7 illustrates the following steps of the invention:
(a) Guess any Ik for k=0.sup.(J(o)).
(b) Measure and compute Vk (σ) and Vk (s).
(c) Compute ##EQU7## (d) If ∥Ik+1 -Ik ∥≦ε (minimum current difference specifiable) stop, otherwise set k=k+1, and go to step (b).
In order to be able to produce these "best" current patterns, the instrument of FIG. 4 is used.
The overall system architecture was designed for maximum flexibility with a minimum of special-purpose hardware. The system is an array of thirty-two current generators 12, 13, each of which has a separately programmable output level. A single voltmeter 22 is attached sequentially through a multiplexer 20 to each electrode E of array 10 in tank 31 for measurement purposes. This special-purpose hardware is connected to a microcomputer 14 (e.g. an IBM PC-AT) through a general-purpose analogue and digital interface board 24, 26 (e.g., a Data Translation DT2800). Synchronization between the instrument and software is accomplished by having the software write clock signals to the digital output port 24. A stable sinusoidal oscillator 28, at 15 kHz is included in the instrument.
The 15 kHz oscillator output is buffered and directed to each of thirty-two current generators 12, 13. Each generator is based upon a three-amplifier configuration, using type LF 412 op-amps. The output of each generator 12, 13 is coupled through a 1 (mu)F capacitor directly to the output electrode. The maximum load for the current generators is 1,000 ohms at 5 mA rms. With an output current sensing resistor of 432 ohms, the op-amp output voltage ranges between about 2-7 V rms for load resistances between 0 and 1,000 ohms. Input to each current generator is obtained from a multiplying digital-to-analogue converter (DAC) (e.g., an AD 7549), operating as a digitally controlled attenuator 30. The analogue input signal to the DAC reference terminal is the 15 kHz output from the oscillator 28. Digital input to the DAC is obtained from the digital output port 24 of the computer through the DT 2800 board. Some complexity is introduced here since the DAC used requires a sequence of three "nibbles" of four bits each to acquire a full 12 bit word it then converts. This requirement is handled by the controlling software and on-board digital sequencer 40. The DAC circuit is configured as a 4 quadrant converter, so that currents of either polarity and between 0-5 mA rms amplitude may be produced by any of the thirty-two current generators.
One of the electrodes of tank 31 is grounded. For this reason, only thirty-one current generators 12 are actually needed to implement the 32 electrode scheme. The thirty-second current generator 13 is connected to a precision fixed resistor 18, and serves as a reference and test channel.
The digital multiplexer 20 selects one of the 32 electrodes and connects it to the input stage of the voltmeter 22. This meter consists of a two-stage high-pass filter (fco -1.9 kHz), followed by a synchronous full-wave demodulator (AD 630). The demodulator is an active switching device synchronized with the oscillator output through an adjustable phase shifter, which compensates for small phase shifts elsewhere in the circuit.
The detector switches at the exact zero crossings of the real component of the voltage signal.
A two-stage low-pass filter having poles or cutoff frequencies of 177 Hz and 1770 Hz then produces a ±5 volt DC signal proportional to the electrode voltage amplitude. This voltage is sampled by the analogue-to-digital convertor (ADC) 26 of the interface board (DT 2801/5716), which has 16 bit resolution, programmable gain, and is under software control. The filter has a calculated attenuation at 24 kHz of 65.0 db, and a calculated ripple of 4 millivolts peak with a 7 volt rms input.
A single digital sequencer 40 addresses both the current generator 12, 13 and the demultiplexer 20 for the voltmeter 22. Under software control, a master reset signal assures that the sequence begins with channel 1. Sequential counters 38 are then used to address the DAC's 30 as the digital words representing the desired amplitude for each generator are transmitted. When the DAC addressing lines 16 are enabled, new current-specifying words are latched into the DAC's, so that new currents are applied to each electrode E. During the read sequence, when the software does not enable the DAC address line, the counter addresses each channel of the multiplexer 20 in sequence and presents the output of each electrode to the voltmeter 22. The ADC 26 input is then read by the software as the desired input data, with a 15 msec interval allowed between successive electrodes.
The special-purpose hardware is driven by "words" or programs written in a FORTH-like language called ASYST (Macmillan Software Co., Inc.). This interactive, flexible programming language is easily adaptable to the requirements of this hardware and is quickly learned by new programmers. One hardware handler word or program accepts a 32-element array of desired currents, verifies that the array is properly scaled, and sends it to the hardware. A second word recovers and stores a 32-element array containing the electrode voltages.
Connection to the electrode array 10 is through four 76 cm. lengths of 24 conductor stripline, each containing the connections for eight electrodes. Each electrode wire is guarded by the two adjacent wires, which are driven by a buffer amplifier from the current generator circuit. This guarding scheme virtually eliminates the effects of inter-wire capacitances due to the cable.
The current generators were calibrated by introducing a single resistor sequentially to each channel. Gain and offset for each channel were thus separately adjusted in software so that by a table look-up function, differences in the channel-to-channel gains could be reduced from the 1% level due to component tolerance to the 1/4096 level achievable by the 12 bit DAC's 30. Similarly, small offsets in the voltmeter circuits were compensated for in software. The variation in current output from the current generators was adjusted to be less than 10 μA in 5 mA for load changes between one and 800 ohms. The voltmeter multiplexer 20 and A-to-D converter 26 were tested at different read rates. With an interval of 10 msec or greater between successive channels, no influence of one channel on the next was recorded. For faster rates, interactions between successive channels were evident, due to storage in the voltmeter filter. The software therefore drives the voltmeter sequencer with a 15 msec period, so that about 1/2 second is required to obtain the voltages from all 32 electrodes.
TABLE______________________________________Current Pattern max |Vinho -Vhomo | Distinguishability______________________________________TARGET: 22.5 mm DIA CONDUCTOR AT CENTERI2 2.8760 0.49591st iteration 2.5244 1.06912nd iteration 8.2861 2.52083rd iteration 15.5371 2.73364th iteration 12.0898 2.55605th iteration 12.8418 2.67996th iteration 13.1201 2.6157cos Θ 13.7891 2.6281TARGET: 35.0 mm. DIA CONDUCTOR AT CENTERI2 0.9570 0.31051st iteration 8.9648 3.01352nd iteration 33.7549 6.78953rd iteration 33.8916 6.80374th iteration 34,6924 6.90435th iteration 32.9102 6.76486th iteration 35.3418 6.9099cos Θ 33.3594 6.7962______________________________________
TABLE______________________________________Current Pattern max |Vinho -V homo | Distinguishability______________________________________TARGET: 41.5 mm DIA. CONDUCTOR AT CENTERI2 1.0840 0.46761st iteration 24.4336 6.35292nd iteration 47.7539 9.47393rd iteration 46.2109 9.34974th iteration 47.9492 9.48575th iteration 50.1855 9.3868cos Θ 49.4385 9.5677TARGET: 22.5 mm. DIA. CONDUCTOR at (45°, 0.5)I2 1.4941 0.44301st iteration 6.7139 1.52102nd iteration 16.1426 3.28003rd iteration 15.7617 3.31604th iteration 16.7285 3.27665th iteration 15.4590 3.22176th iteration 17.2314 3.28657th iteration 16.3623 3.3170______________________________________
FIG. 2 demonstrates the measured ability of the present system to distinguish inhomogeneities. The absolute value of the maximum difference between the voltages recorded with a target present and with no target present in the tank is plotted as a function of the diameter of the target. The target is placed in the center of the tank. Three different patterns of current were tested. In the right-most, lowest pair of points, the current, I2, is applied between two adjacent electrodes. The points shown were obtained using insulating (open circles) targets. The system can distinguish insulators or conductors from the homogeneous field with equal ability; the voltage differences are positive for insulators, negative for conductors. They are plotted here as absolute values for convenience. Voltage differences above 12 mV were seen when the target diameter was above 120 mm. The middle pair of points was obtained using conducting and insulating targets and a single current, I3, applied between a pair of diametrically opposed electrodes. Because this current pattern results in a larger current density through the center of tank where the target is located, a much larger voltage difference is seen. For example, a voltage difference of 96 mv. is seen with a 120 ml. diameter target. The voltage difference produced by these current patterns is to be compared with the significantly larger voltage differences produced by the best current pattern; I1, shown in the left-most or upper points in FIG. 2. The ability of the present system to distinguish targets can be compared to the results obtainable by a pair of electrodes directly from FIG. 2. For example, using targets of 40 mm in diameter, an electrode pair produces a voltage difference of only about 8-12 mv. when diametrically opposed, and only 3 mv. when adjacent. In contrast, a voltage difference of about 75 mV is obtained from the pair of electrodes at the maximum of the cosine waveform when a cosine pattern of currents is applied. Expressed alternatively, since the resolution of the present system's voltmeter is on the order of ±2.5 mV (full scale is ±5 volts rms), the uppermost points in FIG. 2 shows that targets as small as 8-9 mm in diameter are detectable. It is important to note that these comparisons are all made for targets located at the center of the tank where their detection is most difficult. All of these current patterns will yield greater voltage differences as targets are placed closer to the appropriate electrodes. Since the present system adaptively produces the best current pattern, it will always have a distinguishability greater than that obtainable by either configuration of electrode pairs or by the cosine pattern, which is the best pattern only for concentric targets. The curves in FIG. 2 give the expected results from the theoretical analysis of the experiment performed, obtained by evaluating the first Fourier coefficients of the current patterns Ik, and plotting the 1st term of |δVl k | given by equation (1), for k=1,2,3.
The smallest centered insulators distinguishable from a uniform background of 350 ohm-cm saline for currents I1, I2, I3, are drawn to scale in FIG. 3. These "smallest" targets were found by placing successively smaller targets in the center of the bath until the measured maximum voltage difference was approximately 5 mV.
The experimentally observed diameters 0.9, 2.6 and 8.2 cm. agree closely with the values predicted by formulas (2)-(4).
Although the saline used in these experiments had a resistivity of 385 ohm-cm, the value of resistivity used in the formulas (1) to (4) was 350 ohm-cm. The use of this "effective" resistivity value permits us to model these experiments accurately with the simple formulas.
Beginning with a deliberately poor choice of initial current pattern, I2, and a central circular target, the second and subsequent current patterns used where determined by the observed voltage pattern obtained by subtracting the homogeneous voltage pattern from that observed with a target in the tank. The target used was a 41 mm. diameter circular conductive target. The successive voltage patterns found in the first three iterations of the adaptive current scheme are shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B. The successive voltage patterns quickly approached a cosine, which is known to be the best current pattern for this simple case.
In a second test of the adaptive feature, the target was moved from the center of the bath to a location at θ=45°, R=0.5. Beginning with a poor choice of initial current pattern, that of two adjacent active electrodes at θ=11° and 23°, the iterative scheme was again allowed to determine subsequent current patterns. These successive current patterns are shown in FIG. 6A. The voltage patterns (FIG. 6B) and the resulting current pattern for the next iteration (FIG. 6A) approach a maximum on the electrode located nearest the target. The current pattern becomes smoother than the original guess and is of relatively low amplitude where the bath is homogeneous. In other words, the applied current is maximized near the inhomogeneity or target.
The TABLE gives the values of the maximum voltage differences and distinguishabilities for each iteration of the adaptive process when it was applied to four targets in a 285 ohm-cm solution. The starting current pattern was I2. Since the smallest measurable voltage is ±2.5 mV, differences in voltage below 5 mV are below the precision of the system.
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of the inventive method.
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SPARTANBURG, S.C. --- University of Tennessee at Chattanooga's Nathan Wanuch added to his awards collection this week with his second SoCon honor. The Mississauga, Ontario senior was named the Southern Conference Student-Athlete of the Week for the week of Sept. 12.
Wanuch and Secondary English major carries a 3.632 GPA. He led the Mocs to a second place finish last Friday evening at UTC's season-opening PowerAde Invitational by claiming the individual title. In the third mile, Wanuch outpaced his nearest competitors to go on to a near-17-second victory with a time of 15:31.72.
Other nominees included Appalachian State men's soccer player Kristian Lee-Him, College of Charleston men's cross country runner Mackenzie Johnston, and The Citadel football player Thomas Warren.
Southern Conference Student-Athlete of the Week
Sept. 5: Christina Dorismond, Volleyball, Furman
Sept. 12: Nathan Wanuch, Cross Country, Chattanooga


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Here is our extensive Ninja Gear section where everything you need to be a Ninja is readily available. We offer everything from full Ninja Gear including Ninja Hoods, Complete Uniforms, Tabi Boots and socks, as well as Grappling Hooks, Utility Belts, and combat weaponry. We also offer a training DVD to help improve already existing skills or teach you all you need to know about the art of Ninjutsu.
Ninja Utility Belt
Have you ever wondered how a Ninja carries all those weapons? There in his utility belt! With five different touch fastener pockets, you too can carry smaller items such as stars, knives, keys, spikes...whatever. Belt is made from a durable nylon webbing and is adjustable from 28" to 36". Plastic clip buckle closure.
Warning: All weapons are intended for demonstration or decorative purposes only. If used for demonstration, expert care and supervision should be exercised.
Throwing spikes and knives are prohibited in CA and MA.
Sharp knives and swords will not be sold to minors.
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Student of Life
What did you learn today?
Published: August 8, 2009
Published: August 8, 2009
(7) Edwin Hissink, June 16, 2013 8:42 AM
(6) Joey, September 15, 2009 8:37 PM
(5) Atticus, August 17, 2009 8:29 AM
"I'm learning everyday" is what I always tell myself everyday. I'm learning to learn how to be a good student of life. I can feel G-d is watching me and I can feel his love every moment. I'm chinese but I feel so blessed to be able to learn so much from Jewish websites. Thank you, Lori..thank you, aish.com...thank you, Jewish people...and one thing I can never stop learning everyday>>> G-d is love אלוהים אהבה
(4) Anonymous, August 14, 2009 8:39 PM
Is it possible to learn too much?
(3) L.S., August 12, 2009 9:28 PM
I agree


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In Flash Professional CS5 Essential Training, author Todd Perkins explains the fundamentals of Flash Professional CS5, the industry standard for creating animations and interactive applications for the web, desktop, and mobile devices. This course starts with the basics, such as using the drawing tools to create simple animations, and progresses to automating animation with tweens and adding interactivity with ActionScript. This course also covers how to add sound and video to projects, enhance realism with effects like easing, and publish a project to a variety of platforms. Exercise files are included.
If you are a premium subscriber to Lynda.com and you have access to the Exercise Files for this course. Exercise Files are organized by chapter. Each Chapter contains the files that we'll be working with throughout that Chapter. On your screen, you'll see what file I'm working with. You can open up that same file and follow along. For your convenience, I've saved out final versions of each file with the name _Final at the end. If you don't have access to the Exercise Files, don't worry.
You could still follow along. As we go through the title, I'll show you how my files are set up so that you can set up your files in the same way, to do all of the same things.
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Apartments, B&B, guesthouses in and around Cologne
We are a young and fresh Guesthouse inwardly in Cologne. The pinkhomecologne provides attractive and lucrative opportunities for accommodation
You will stay in a well-kept house with garden in the middle of Cologne-Brück. Parking can be found near the house.
Find a bed and breakfast in Cologne Germany for your romantic weekend getaway. Intimate b & bs are cozy, romantic accommodations that are perfect for a mini-vacation, honeymoon, or wedding anniversary celebration. You will love the unique charm of our inns in Cologne Germany. Many guesthouses include complimentary breakfasts and unbeatable hospitality. Browse our bed & breakfasts and plan your Cologne Germany romantic getaway today!


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Pink's taking this photography thing quite seriously, but this time she's not schooling the paparazzi. But before we get into what she was up to in these pictures here, can we just take a second and look at what she's wearing? It's like the technicolor dreamcoat of dresses! And hello, baby bump! She's getting bigger by the day!
This particular excursion has Pink and her camera at Santa Monica pier and beach. She had brought her Mom along, who also turned out to be her subject for that day. Mother Judy Moore, was the muse of many shots that afternoon. We think that's adorable! And yes, we really love that dress. It has personality, just like the woman wearing it.
[Photos: Splash News Online]
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US taps pension fund to avoid passing debt limit
AP Economics Writer
WASHINGTON (AP) - Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner says the government has begun borrowing from the federal employee pension fund to keep operating without surpassing its debt limit.
Geithner says in a letter to congressional leaders that the move will free up $156 billion in borrowing authority while Congress debates increasing the $16.4 trillion debt limit.
The government reached its borrowing limit on Dec. 31, but began using bookkeeping maneuvers to keep from surpassing it. Geithner has told congressional leaders that Treasury expects to exhaust those measures by mid-February to early March.
The latest action has been taken by other Treasury secretaries and will not put in jeopardy any monthly pension payments. Geithner said he will replace the funds removed from the pension account after the borrowing limit is raised.
(Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)


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Welcome to Cook's TV
Cook's TV & Home Entertainment has been serving Easton and Maryland's Eastern Shore since 1974. We're always here for ALL your home entertainment needs, including sales, service and installation.
Learn more about us or get in touch if you have any questions or comments for us!
When you are considering making your next home entertainment purchase, look no further than Cook's. Not only can we help you find that perfect television or entertainment system, we'll also deliver it, install it and program it - including your remotes! If it breaks, we fix it and can give you a loaner. Anyone can SELL you a television, but Cook's goes beyond the sale to make you a customer for life!
Today's consumer has become all too complacent with bloated prices and, more importantly, terrible service, from big-box retailers. Cook's TV takes pride in providing amazing service and support to our customers. From installation to wiring to repairing the equipment we sell (and even that which we don't sell) - the Cook's Advantage is clear after your first experience!
Repair & Warranty
Cook's TV is an authorized warranty repair facility for Samsung, Sanyo, Philips and Funai equipment. We can also provide non-warranty service for all makes and models of home entertainment equipment including televisions, DVD & Blu-Ray players, VCRs, home audio systems and more. All repairs are completed by trained, professional technicians.


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In ZBrush 4 Essential Training, Ryan Kittleson introduces ZBrush to artists making a transition from another sculpting program or who may just need some help with the finer points of this powerful digital arts package. The course covers the most popular tools and techniques for digital painting and sculpting in ZBrush, and explains how to export the models and texture maps to other programs for use in games, film, fine art, or 3D printing. The course also highlights the new features in ZBrush 4, such as ShadowBox, clip brushes, and LightBox. Exercise files are included with the course.
You may find that you've modified a bunch of brush settings and got a really cool result that you'd like to keep. Instead of memorizing how to set it up, just save a Brush preset. First, I'll go over how to install a Brush preset you may have got from somewhere else. There are lots of people on the Internet making brushes and giving them out. Included in the exercise files is a brush that I've made called the Crease brush. In order to install it, first make sure the ZBrush is closed. Now open up the exercise files and find the Crease brush files. So here it is in Chapter 3. We've got crease_icon, crease.ZBP and creasealpha.
I am just going to right-click and copy these. Now we need to find the ZBrush program folder. Inside there you're going to find a folder called ZStartup. Inside here is BrushPresets. I am just going to right-click and paste. The next time you start ZBrush, the brush will be in the Brushes palette. Let's open up a model, so we can just experiment on it. I am going to grab DefaultSphere.
Now, let's go up into the Brushes, and down here you should be able to see the Crease brush. All right! Let's try it out. It makes nice tight creases with a really smooth falloff. It's perfect for wrinkles and hard edges. It's really nice if you hold down Alt so you can push inwards as well. The effect is really nice if you subdivide the model a few times. I am going to hit Ctrl+D twice, and now let's see what type of result we get. I am going to hold down Alt. So you just get really nice crease; it looks really organic.
It's really easy to save your own brush presets. Any Stroke, Brush, and Alpha settings that you may have set can be saved. Go up to the Brush menu and click on Save. Now you can save it anywhere you want. It's probably helpful if you set it in the ZBrush BrushPresets folder. So if you go to ZBrush Program folder and you find ZStartup and then BrushPresets, you save it in this folder, then it's automatically going to be loaded up in the Brush palette.
Saving Brush presets is a great way to save time. It means that if you like a brush that you've made, you don't have to reset all of its controls every time you want to use it.
Find answers to the most frequently asked questions about ZBrush 4 Essential Training .
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If you're experiencing an outage or suspect a natural gas leak, call us at 1-888-225-5773.
For current outages and estimated restoration times, please see the Outage Map.
During a major incident or when we are experiencing a large number of power outages throughout our service area, we'll be communicating in as many ways as possible, including posting updates on this web page.
If you encounter a downed power line, stay well away from the line or anything it may be touching.
Immediately report the location of fallen wires to Puget Sound Energy by calling1-888-225-5773, or call 911.
As of 6 a.m., Monday Jan. 19
Crews worked through the night, making significant progress repairing damage from 50+ mph winds that hit late Saturday night into Sunday morning. Crews will continue to work today until power is restored to all customers.
While damage was widespread throughout PSE's service territory, Kitsap County was hardest hit. Most customers in Kitsap County will have power restored by 3 p.m. today. Some customers may have power restored this evening.
For specific restoration information check pse.com/outagemap or download the myPSE mobile outage app.
A reminder for everyone: Never touch downed power lines. Always assume they're energized. If you see a downed power line, stay away and report it by calling PSE at 1-888-225-5773 or 9-1-1.
There's a process to our restoration efforts:
To report and track power outages, download the free PSE mobile outage app. Make sure to have emergency supplies on hand, such as extra batteries, flashlights, and food. Have a battery-powered radio ready to go and charge phones and mobile devices in case the power goes out. If you see a downed power line, stay away and report it by calling PSE at 1-888-225-5773. or calling 9-1-1.


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A simple statement piece to wear daily. This adjustable leather tie bracelet has a greenish turquoise sea glass bead. Select a meaningful word from one of ten sterling silver expression tags to complete the piece. Great gift for yourself or someone who needs a little "love", "hope" or "peace" in their life.
Dimensions: One size fits all.
All sales are final on all sale items. Sale items do not qualify for our signature packaging but it can be ordered after this item is added to your cart.
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Visit marthastewart.com | marthastewartweddings.com
In a medium bowl, whisk together all of the ingredients until combined well. The vinaigrette will keep, tightly covered, in the refrigerator for about 3 days.
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First post, and it would be a dumb question....
I am considering upgrading to a 722, I currently run A/V through a home theatre system that does not support HDMI, will I be able to use the RCA jacks of the 722 for HD reception?
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Guest Message by DevFuse
Started by vmjim , Oct 09 2010 02:35 PM
3 replies to this topic
Posted 09 October 2010 - 02:35 PM
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Posted 09 October 2010 - 03:44 PM
Yes, but the rather meager on demand offerings require HDMI, you won't be missing much. Welcome to the forum ron
Posted 12 October 2010 - 06:41 AM
You can use the Component jacks for HD picture, not RCA jacks.
Posted 12 October 2010 - 01:17 PM
You can use the Component jacks for HD picture, not RCA jacks.
Yes, you can use the component jacks for the picture portion of HD.
But Component or composite, either way the jacks are RCA Phono jacks.
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Have a good weekend y'all. :smile2:
Not sure if this has made it to this thread or not, but it always makes me laugh out loud (really).
Attachment 16744
Pearl cannot make the same brag. I got her spayed at the end of last month. Although she was pure pity for a few days afterward, she's all better now. She still has a naked belly though LOL! I was starting to worry about her fur not growing back in, but she's got a little felty pelt starting to sprout.
Have a great weekend everyone. See ya Monday. :love2:


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So, you're thinking about coming to Mardi Gras in New Orleans for your first time? Read these Carnival tips and facts to get the most out of Mardi Gras 2014!
First things first Mardi Gras 2014 is on Tuesday, March 4, 2014. Mardi Gras always lands on the Tuesday that is 47 days before Easter. It is always the day before Ash Wednesday, which is the start of Lent. Carnival season refers to the weeks leading up to Mardi Gras, and officially begins on January 6 every year. Although Carnival season lasts more than a month, the parties, parades and fun kick into high gear on the Thursday before Mardi Gras.
Most hotels sell out months before Carnival season. Sometimes, rooms can be booked at the last minute, but don't expect any last-minute deals. The ideal locations are in the French Quarter, Downtown/Warehouse District and Garden District, specifically hotels along the parade routes. About 80 percent of Mardi Gras happens within walking distance of these hotels. Leave your car parked at the hotel, or park it for the duration in a lot or unrestricted street outside of the French Quarter/parade route fray.
Plan your parade schedule - but don't over-plan it. The "official" parade season kicks off the second Friday before Mardi Gras - on February 21, 2014. But this is New Orleans, so there are plenty of unofficial parades that start rolling as early as February 16th. Initially, parades fall on weekends only, but the schedule really kicks into high gear on Friday February 21st with the Uptown night parades. It's good to have a basic "want to see" list while you're here, but know this: trying to stick to a plan in the Big Easy during Mardi Gras is like trying to catch water in a sieve. Locals know that you never really know where you want to be until...you're there. And in New Orleans, if you go with the flow, you'll find that the best moments happen when you let the city take you where it wants you. You'll probably want to catch at least one or two of the super krewes, like Endymion, Bacchus and Orpheus, because they have the biggest floats, best special effects and massive amounts of throws. Zulu and Rex should be on everyone's Mardi Gras bucket list, and if you're in town for the "unofficial" parades, you should check out one of the small, quirky parades for their clever themes and throws.


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Cooking and Baking
no-bake dessert ideas?
The oven went out, and the new part is on backorder. We did manage to have a fairly traditional Thanksgiving dinner with no oven. But now I'm not sure what to do about the small dinner party we have planned for Saturday night.
The menu is set, and we can manage everything, but cannot come up with a dessert idea that does not require an oven.
Any ideas?
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