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|IL-1 receptor KO mice exhibit altered innate immune and inflammatory responses and show multiple effects on physiological systems and behavior.
Type Congenic; Targeted Mutation; Additional information on Genetically Engineered and Mutant Mice. Visit our online Nomenclature tutorial. Additional information on Congenic nomenclature. Mating System Homozygote x Homozygote (Female x Male) 01-MAR-06 Species laboratory mouse Background Strain C57BL/6 Donor Strain 129S7 via AB1 ES cell line (+Hprt-bm2) Generation N5+N2F2 (06-OCT-09)
Generation Definitions
Donating Investigator Dr. Jacques Peschon, Amgen
Related Genotype: a/a
Interleukin 1 receptor, type I, is a receptor for interleukin 1 (IL1), which affects many cytokine induced immune and inflammatory responses. Mice homozygous for the Il1rtm1Imx targeted mutation therefore fail to respond to IL1 and exhibit an altered immune response to many different target proteins. Some effects seen from knocking out this receptor include defective responses to certain inflammatory agents such as turpentine and altered response to various pathogenic organisms such as S. aureus and C. pneumoniae.
Other observed effects include enhanced glucose homeostasis, enhanced insulin sensitivity of adipose tissue, reduction in diet-induced systemic atherosclerosis, improved restoration of normal skin architecture in wounds, increased incidence of acute convulsive seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole, and a decrease in anxiety-related behaviors.
A null mutation in Il1r1 was generated by homologous recombination in 129/SvEv AB1 ES cells using a replacement vector in which a 2.4 kb EcoR1-Pst1 fragment encompassing two exons was replaced with a PGKneo cassette. Targeted mutant mice were backcrossed 5 times to C57BL/6 prior to importation.
In March 2011, a 32 SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) panel analysis, with 27 markers covering all 19 chromosomes and the X chromosome, as well as 5 markers that distinguish between the C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N substrains, was performed on the rederived living colony at The Jackson Laboratory Repository. 26 of 27 markers throughout the genome indicate a C57BL/6 genetic background. One marker at ~100 Mbp of chromosome 9 is segregating for an allele-type other than C57BL/6 or 129S. In addition, 3 of 5 markers that determine C57BL/6J from C57BL/6N were found to be segregating. These data suggest the mice sent to The Jackson Laboratory Repository were on a C57BL/6N genetic background or a mixed C57BL/6J ; C57BL/6N genetic background.
|Considerations for Choosing Controls
Strains carrying Il1r1tm1Imx allele
003244 B6;129S-Tnfrsf1atm1Imx Il1r1tm1Imx/JView Strains carrying Il1r1tm1Imx (1 strain)Strains carrying other alleles of Il1r1
003018 B6;129S1-Il1r1tm1Roml/J 024101 C57BL/6N-Il1r1tm1Quan/J 005078 NOD.Cg-Il1r1tm1Roml/HetJView Strains carrying other alleles of Il1r1 (3 strains)
View Mammalian Phenotype TermsMammalian Phenotype Terms provided by MGIassigned by genotype
- mortality/aging
- increased susceptibility to bacterial infection induced morbidity/mortality
- following S. aureus infection (MGI Ref ID J:125570)
- immune system phenotype
- decreased circulating interleukin-18 level
- 24 hours following S. aureus infection (MGI Ref ID J:125570)
- decreased circulating interleukin-6 level
- 4 and 24 hours following S. aureus infection (MGI Ref ID J:125570)
- decreased interleukin-6 secretion
- decreased tumor necrosis factor secretion
- in spleen cells stimulated with formalin-killed S. aureus infection (MGI Ref ID J:125570)
- increased circulating interleukin-1 beta level
- 96 hours following S. aureus infection (MGI Ref ID J:125570)
- increased circulating interleukin-18 level
- 96 hours following S. aureus infection (MGI Ref ID J:125570)
- increased susceptibility to bacterial infection
- following S. aureus infection, mice exhibit severe septicemia, increased weight loss, increased frequency and severity of arthritis, increased bacterial load, and decreased survival compared with wild-type mice (MGI Ref ID J:125570)
- increased susceptibility to bacterial infection induced morbidity/mortality
- following S. aureus infection (MGI Ref ID J:125570)
- increased susceptibility to induced arthritis
- following S. aureus infection (MGI Ref ID J:125570)
- sepsis
- following S. aureus infection (MGI Ref ID J:125570)
- homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
- abnormal vascular wound healing
- following carotid ligation, mice exhibit a 19-fold reduction in neointima/media area, 3.4-fold increase in lumen area, and decrease in total vessel area compared with wild-type mice (MGI Ref ID J:107324)
- neointima formation following carotid ligation is disrupted to a greater extent when null mice transplanted with null bone marrow compared when null mice are receive wild-type bone marrow or wild-type mice receive null bone marrow (MGI Ref ID J:107324)
- decreased circulating interleukin-18 level
- 24 hours following S. aureus infection (MGI Ref ID J:125570)
- decreased circulating interleukin-6 level
- 4 and 24 hours following S. aureus infection (MGI Ref ID J:125570)
- decreased transforming growth factor level
- within wound fluids on day 1 of wound healing (MGI Ref ID J:148779)
- enhanced wound healing
- after wound healing, mice exhibit decreased scar width and depth compared with wild-type mice (MGI Ref ID J:148779)
- deep tissue wounds exhibit 3-fold less fibrosis compared to in wild-type mice (MGI Ref ID J:148779)
- however, mice exhibit normal cellular infiltration and tensile strength of skin wounds (MGI Ref ID J:148779)
- impaired glucose tolerance
- following glucose challenge, older mice exhibit impaired plasma glucose elimination compared with wild-type mice (MGI Ref ID J:108634)
- increased circulating insulin level
- 2-fold in 9 and 11 month old mice (MGI Ref ID J:108634)
- increased circulating insulin-like growth factor I level
- in older mice (MGI Ref ID J:108634)
- increased circulating interleukin-1 beta level
- 96 hours following S. aureus infection (MGI Ref ID J:125570)
- increased circulating interleukin-18 level
- 96 hours following S. aureus infection (MGI Ref ID J:125570)
- increased circulating leptin level
- 2-fold in 9 and 11 month old mice (MGI Ref ID J:108634)
- increased respiratory quotient
- during the first half of the dark cycle (MGI Ref ID J:108634)
- insulin resistance
- in older mice (MGI Ref ID J:108634)
- growth/size/body region phenotype
- abnormal lean body mass
- older mice exhibit a decrease in percentage lean body mass but an increase in absolute lean body mass compared with wild-type mice (MGI Ref ID J:108634)
- increased body length
- in older mice (MGI Ref ID J:108634)
- increased body mass index
- in older mice (MGI Ref ID J:108634)
- increased body weight
- after 5 to 6 months (MGI Ref ID J:108634)
- increased growth rate
- in older mice (MGI Ref ID J:108634)
- increased percent body fat
- in older mice (MGI Ref ID J:108634)
- increased susceptibility to age related obesity (MGI Ref ID J:108634)
- increased total body fat amount
- weight loss
- following S. aureus infection (MGI Ref ID J:125570)
- adipose tissue phenotype
- increased abdominal fat pad weight
- at 19 months, intra-abdominal fat mass is increased 1.5- to 1.7-fold compared with wild-type mice (MGI Ref ID J:108634)
- increased gonadal fat pad weight
- in older mice (MGI Ref ID J:108634)
- increased inguinal fat pad weight
- in older mice (MGI Ref ID J:108634)
- increased mesenteric fat pad weight
- in older mice (MGI Ref ID J:108634)
- increased percent body fat
- in older mice (MGI Ref ID J:108634)
- increased retroperitoneal fat pad weight
- in older mice (MGI Ref ID J:108634)
- increased total body fat amount
- skeleton phenotype
- increased susceptibility to induced arthritis
- following S. aureus infection (MGI Ref ID J:125570)
- behavior/neurological phenotype
- abnormal food intake
- preobese mice exhibit mild leptin resistance compared with wild-type mice (MGI Ref ID J:108634)
- decreased anxiety-related response
- mice exhibit reduced latency to drink in a novelty-induced hypophagia test compared with wild-type mice (MGI Ref ID J:150445)
- mice spend more time in the open arms of an elevated plus maze compared with wild-type mice (MGI Ref ID J:150445)
- mice exhibit increased latency to enter into the dark chamber in a light/dark test compared with wild-type mice (MGI Ref ID J:150445)
- enhanced contextual conditioning behavior (MGI Ref ID J:150445)
- hypoactivity
- during the dark phase at 4 months (MGI Ref ID J:108634)
- liver/biliary system phenotype
- increased liver weight
- in older mice (MGI Ref ID J:108634)
- cardiovascular system phenotype
- abnormal vascular wound healing
- following carotid ligation, mice exhibit a 19-fold reduction in neointima/media area, 3.4-fold increase in lumen area, and decrease in total vessel area compared with wild-type mice (MGI Ref ID J:107324)
- neointima formation following carotid ligation is disrupted to a greater extent when null mice transplanted with null bone marrow compared when null mice are receive wild-type bone marrow or wild-type mice receive null bone marrow (MGI Ref ID J:107324)
- nervous system phenotype
- abnormal nervous system electrophysiology
- following administration of kainate, Purkinje cells fail to exhibit an increase in firing rate unlike wild-type cells (MGI Ref ID J:145169)
- immune system phenotype
- *normal* immune system phenotype
- mice co-housed with wild-type mice do not affect the susceptibility to induced colitis of wild-type mice (MGI Ref ID J:173245)
The following phenotype information is associated with a similar, but not exact match to this JAX® Mice strain.
Il1r1tm1Imx/Il1r1tm1Imxinvolves: 129 * C57BL/6
- homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
- decreased circulating interleukin-6 level
- no IL-6 is detected in sera of mice injected with IL-1alpha (MGI Ref ID J:43088)
- immune system phenotype
- decreased circulating interleukin-6 level
- no IL-6 is detected in sera of mice injected with IL-1alpha (MGI Ref ID J:43088)
- increased susceptibility to bacterial infection
- mice have 3 log greater bacterial penetration of the dental pulp eight days after bacterial innoculation (MGI Ref ID J:58851)
- osteomyelitis
- skeleton phenotype
- increased bone resorption
- osteomyelitis
- craniofacial phenotype
- dental pulp necrosis
- mice have significantly higher necrosis scores of the dental pulp seven days after bacterial inoculation (MGI Ref ID J:58851)
- complete necrosis of the dental pulp is observed by 21 days after inoculation compared to control mice that still have intact dental pulp at 38 days post-innoculation (MGI Ref ID J:58851)
- growth/size/body region phenotype
- dental pulp necrosis
- mice have significantly higher necrosis scores of the dental pulp seven days after bacterial inoculation (MGI Ref ID J:58851)
- complete necrosis of the dental pulp is observed by 21 days after inoculation compared to control mice that still have intact dental pulp at 38 days post-innoculation (MGI Ref ID J:58851)
Il1r1tm1Imx/Il1r1tm1Imxinvolves: 129S7/SvEvBrd
- craniofacial phenotype
- delayed tooth eruption
- mice exhibit delayed eruption of mandibular and maxillary incisors and molars compared with wild-type mice (MGI Ref ID J:103141)
- immune system phenotype
- abnormal neutrophil physiology
- neutrophile response to monosodium urate injected into the peritoneal cavity is reduced 85% relative to controls (MGI Ref ID J:113110)
- hematopoietic system phenotype
- abnormal neutrophil physiology
- neutrophile response to monosodium urate injected into the peritoneal cavity is reduced 85% relative to controls (MGI Ref ID J:113110)
- growth/size/body region phenotype
- delayed tooth eruption
- mice exhibit delayed eruption of mandibular and maxillary incisors and molars compared with wild-type mice (MGI Ref ID J:103141)
Il1r1tm1Imx/Il1r1tm1Imxinvolves: 129S7/SvEvBrd * C57BL/6
- homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
- abnormal response/metabolism to endogenous compounds
- mice treated with IL1b, either intraperitoneally or intracerebroventricularly, fail to exhibit a decrease in social exploration, immobility, decrease in body weight, or reduced food intake compared with similarly treated wild-type mice (MGI Ref ID J:112148)
- pretreatment with TNFbp attenuates depressive effect of LPS unlike in similarly treated wild-type mice (MGI Ref ID J:112148)
- however, behavioral response to LPS treatment is normal (MGI Ref ID J:112148)
- decreased blood urea nitrogen level
- following ischemic/reperfusion injury, mice exhibit reduced blood urea nitrogen levels at 48 and 72 hours compared with wild-type mice (MGI Ref ID J:112999)
- decreased circulating creatinine level
- following ischemic/reperfusion injury, mice exhibit reduced serum creatinine levels at 48 and 72 hours compared with wild-type mice (MGI Ref ID J:112999)
- decreased susceptibility to kidney reperfusion injury
- immune system phenotype
- abnormal neutrophil physiology
- following ischemic/reperfusion injury, mice exhibit reduced polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration compared with wild-type mice (MGI Ref ID J:112999)
- decreased susceptibility to experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis
- following reverse passive Arthus reaction to induce uveitis, mice exhibit reduced cellular infiltration into the anterior and posterior segments compared with wild-type mice (MGI Ref ID J:115094)
- renal/urinary system phenotype
- decreased susceptibility to kidney reperfusion injury
- growth/size/body region phenotype
- increased body weight
- in some experiments (MGI Ref ID J:112148)
- hematopoietic system phenotype
- abnormal neutrophil physiology
- following ischemic/reperfusion injury, mice exhibit reduced polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration compared with wild-type mice (MGI Ref ID J:112999)View Research ApplicationsResearch ApplicationsThis mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:
Il1r1tm1Imx related
Cancer Research
Growth Factors/Receptors/Cytokines
Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
Growth Factors/Receptors/Cytokines
|Allele Symbol
|Allele Name
|targeted mutation 1, Immunex Research and Development Corporation
|Allele Type
|Targeted (Null/Knockout)
|Common Name(s)
|IL-1R1-; IL-1R-; IL-1RI KO; IL-R1-; Il1r1tm1jmx; Il1rtm1Imx; RIko;
|Mutation Made By
|Dr. Jacques Peschon, Amgen
|Strain of Origin
|ES Cell Line Name
|ES Cell Line Strain
|Gene Symbol and Name
|Il1r1, interleukin 1 receptor, type I
|Gene Common Name(s)
|CD121A; D2S1473; IL-1 receptor alpha chain; IL-1R-alpha; IL-1R1; IL-iR; IL1R; IL1RA; Il1r-1; P80;
|Molecular Note
|A neomycin resistance cassette replaced two exons of the gene, which encode amino acids 4 - 225 of the mature protein. [MGI Ref ID J:43088]
Genotyping ProtocolsIl1r1tm1Imx-Alternate 1, High Resolution Melting
Helpful LinksGenotyping resources and troubleshooting
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Il1r1tm1Imx related
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Animal Health ReportsRoom Number AX11
Colony Maintenance
Breeding & Husbandry This strain may be maintained by homozygous sibling matings. Expected coat color from breeding is black. Mating System Homozygote x Homozygote (Female x Male) 01-MAR-06 Diet Information LabDiet® 5K52/5K67
|Pricing for USA, Canada and Mexico shipping destinations
Price per mouse (US dollars $) Gender Genotypes Provided Individual Mouse $199.90 Female or Male Homozygous for Il1r1tm1Imx
Price per Pair (US dollars $) Pair Genotype $399.80 Homozygous for Il1r1tm1Imx x Homozygous for Il1r1tm1Imx
Standard Supply
Repository-Live represents an exclusive set of over 1800 unique mouse models across a vast array of research areas. Breeding colonies provide mice for large and small orders and fluctuate in size depending on current research demand. If a strain is not immediately available, you will receive an estimated availability timeframe for your inquiry or order in 2-3 business days. Repository strains typically are delivered at 4 to 8 weeks of age. Requests for specific ages will be noted but not guaranteed and we do not accept age requests for breeder pairs. However, if cohorts of mice (5 or more of one gender) are needed at a specific age range for experiments, we will do our best to accommodate your age request.
|Pricing for International shipping destinations
Price per mouse (US dollars $) Gender Genotypes Provided Individual Mouse $259.90 Female or Male Homozygous for Il1r1tm1Imx
Price per Pair (US dollars $) Pair Genotype $519.80 Homozygous for Il1r1tm1Imx x Homozygous for Il1r1tm1Imx
Standard Supply
Repository-Live represents an exclusive set of over 1800 unique mouse models across a vast array of research areas. Breeding colonies provide mice for large and small orders and fluctuate in size depending on current research demand. If a strain is not immediately available, you will receive an estimated availability timeframe for your inquiry or order in 2-3 business days. Repository strains typically are delivered at 4 to 8 weeks of age. Requests for specific ages will be noted but not guaranteed and we do not accept age requests for breeder pairs. However, if cohorts of mice (5 or more of one gender) are needed at a specific age range for experiments, we will do our best to accommodate your age request.
Repository-Live represents an exclusive set of over 1800 unique mouse models across a vast array of research areas. Breeding colonies provide mice for large and small orders and fluctuate in size depending on current research demand. If a strain is not immediately available, you will receive an estimated availability timeframe for your inquiry or order in 2-3 business days. Repository strains typically are delivered at 4 to 8 weeks of age. Requests for specific ages will be noted but not guaranteed and we do not accept age requests for breeder pairs. However, if cohorts of mice (5 or more of one gender) are needed at a specific age range for experiments, we will do our best to accommodate your age request.
|Considerations for Choosing Controls
|Control Pricing Information for Genetically Engineered Mutant Strains.
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text:
At least one former SEAL was not surprised that each of the three Somali pirates was killed with just one shot, despite the fact that they were on a rolling sea and the Navy snipers had to make a successful "head shot," something he said is "extremely difficult."
Their job was made easier by the pirates' willingness to allow their boat to be towed, smoothing out the sea and settling them into an even keel.
SEAL sharpshooters are trained to hit targets "under a minute," meaning they are able to hit within an inch of a target from 100 yards, former Navy SEAL Harry Humphries told ABCNews.com.
For the snipers who killed the three Somali pirates, it had to be a "head shot," Humphries said, because one of the pirates was holding an AK-47 pointed at the back of American freighter captain Richard Phllips.
"There's only one way to be assured no involuntary trigger squeeze, and that is a head shot," Humphries said. "If you hit the central nervous system, the probability [of an involuntary trigger squeeze] is greatly reduced."
"The shot's extremely difficult to make depending on equipment that shooters have," he said. "If the sea was flat, the shot would be relatively simple."
During the five day standoff, the Navy worked to get close to the pirates, but as their patience wore thin, the seas became rougher. The waves turned the lifeboat into a moving target, and the rear of the U.S.S. Bainbridge where the snipers were deployed was also heaving with the waves.
The Bainbridge convinced one pirate to come aboard the Bainbridge to seek medical attention and the other pirates allowed their lifeboat to be towed out of rough seas to a calmer area.
During the towing, the boat was pulled to within 40 yards of the Bainbridge, and the act of towing made the snipers' jobs easier by putting their lifeboat in the middle of the large ship's wake which calmed the unruly waves and steadied the pirates as targets.
The combination of the one less pirate and the others on steadier water would have "put the sniper team in excellent condition," Humphries said.
With a gun pointed at Phillips' back, and tensions rising, the commander on the scene feared for the captain's life and gave the green light for the snipers to fire.
Standard procedure is for the shooters to be accompanied by a spotter who will gauge the range precisely and any weather conditions that could affect the shot. At times there is also someone to coordinate multiple shooters and to initiate the firing since it is essential in a circumstance like this that they fire simultaneously. That role can also be filled by one of the snipers, Humphries said.
When two pirates exposed their heads and shoulders, and the third pirate was visible through a small window of the lifeboat, they fired. All three fell dead.
Humphries said SEALs' training requires they be ready for such an emergency at any time.
"It's the constant training" under realistic conditions, he said, including from a bobbing ship.
"They are trained to shoot in sea, air and land," Humphries said, echoing the SEALs acronym for Sea, Air and Land.
"Secondly, you know the weapon that you're shooting. The weapon is very important," he said. Their weapons were likely modified M-4 rifles, he said, since it wasn't a long distance shot.
There are also different strategies for what SEALs call the "cold shot," or the first shot.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Faculty and staff are welcome to watch practice and interact with players, coaches and staff. NM State faculty and staff will also have the chance to get a tour of the facilities at the conclusion of practice. Head coach Marvin Menzies and associate head coach Paul Weir will be on hand to answer questions from faculty and staff.
"We want to show our appreciation to the NM State faculty and staff and this is just a small token of how we want to thank everyone for their continued support," said Weir. "We also want all of the NM State employees to know that we consider them to be a part of the basketball family."
The defending WAC Champions host Western New Mexico University in an exhibition game, Tuesday, Oct. 29 at 7 p.m. (MT) in the Pan American Center before heading out to Honolulu, Hawai'i for three games.
The first regular-season home game of the year is against I-10 Rival UTEP, Friday, Nov. 15 at 7 p.m. For season tickets call the Pan Am Ticket office at 575-646-1420.


text:
Muscarella shines in Newbury Park victory
It took both a shimmy and a slap for Phillip Muscarella to ensure the Newbury Park High football team started 3-0 for the second straight season.
The 5-foot-10 junior used a slick head-fake to clear a path down the sidelines for a highlight-reel touchdown catch, the only points in the host Panthers' 7-0 win over Oak Park Friday night.
But the game wasn't over until Muscarella, playing safety, arrived to break up Oak Park's fourth-down attempt to tie the score with 1:12 to play.
"It was a perfect throw deep in the end zone," said Muscarella, recounting his breakup the Kyle Andrus' pass destined for the waiting arms of Max Fahn in the back of the end zone. "He was open, I just had enough time to recover."
The play locked down Newbury Park's first shutout of an opponent besides Calabasas since a 44-0 win over Simi Valley in November 2000.
"It's been a while," said Newbury Park first-year coach Gary Fabricius.
Newbury Park (3-0) has allowed just 21 points in three games.
Filling in for injured star Chris Brown, Newbury Park's Cameron Roberson gained more than 200 yards from scrimmage for the second straight week.
"It's different, but I'm getting used to it," said Roberson of his new feature role. "It's getting me in shape."
The junior ran for 162 yards on 20 carries, caught four passes for 53 yards and got an order to lose weight from Oak Park coach Dick Billingsley after the game.
"So we can tackle him next year," said Billingley, jokingly.
"What impressed me the most (about Roberson) when we bottled up the front, he would find a way outside."
After falling to Newbury Park for the fourth straight year, Oak Park drops to 1-2 after scoring just seven points in back-to-back losses to Marmonte League opposition.
"We've improved so much in a week," said Billingley.
Newbury Park took a 7-0 lead on quarterback Jake Geringer's 29-yard scoring strike to Muscarella with 4:58 left in the first half.
It would have been a two-score game at the intermission had Oak Park safety Brad Taylor not intervened.
On fourth-and-10 from the Oak Park 22-yard line with 61 seconds left in the first half, Geringer found Muscarella over the middle for an apparent touchdown pass until Taylor arrived to separate the Panthers star from the football.
Oak Park was limited to three first downs and 88 yards of total offense in the first half.
The Eagles did not run a play in Newbury Park territory until their first possession of the second half.
But they dominated much of the second session, forcing Newbury Park to turn them away in the red zone twice in the final 8:32.
"We controlled the ball in the second half," lamented Billingsley.
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Get Local Publicity for Your Wedding Photography Business
Posted By Natalie Bradley On May 16, 2011 @ 12:05 am In Video Blog Posts | 1 Comment
In this video in my series on wedding photography marketing [2], I share advice on how to get exposure in local media to build awareness and earn new clients for your wedding photography business.
1 Comment To "Get Local Publicity for Your Wedding Photography Business"
#1 Comment By bycostello On May 16, 2011 @ 6:35 am
great advice thanks...
Article printed from Black Star Rising: http://rising.blackstar.com
URL to article: http://rising.blackstar.com/get-local-publicity-for-your-wedding-photography-business.html
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[2] wedding photography marketing: http://rising.blackstar.com/author/natalie-bradley
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USA | posted Jul 5, 2013 - 7:10:07pm
WASHINGTON - The American military removed President Obama from power Wednesday and suspended the constitution in moves it said were aimed at resolving the country's debilitating political corruption.
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The debate about New Orleans education reform typically focuses on standardized tests, accountability and teacher assessment. But a panel Thursday highlighted an element that gets less notice in the world at large but is obvious to anyone walking into one of New Orleans' many charter schools: character education -- an endeavor all the more crucial, reformers say, in a city where schools take on the role of helping kids rise out of poverty.
The event was run by the Partnership for Youth Development, a nonprofit with support from both large education reform funders such as the Wallace Foundation and local groups such as the New Orleans Police and Justice Foundation.


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Quick Links
Unit History: RAF Oakington
Oakington will always be the spiritual home of 7 Squadron yet the Squadron was based there only from October 1940 to July 1945 but being unique in Bomber Command having been based at the same station throughout its World War II operational career.
Construction of Oakington began in the summer of 1939 - the site, some 5 miles north west of Cambridge, having been selected for an expansion scheme airfield. Operational use started in July 1940 when it was used for 218 Squadron (2 Group), which had recently returned from France, with the first offensive operation in August 1940.
In September 1940 Oakington became part of 3 Group when it was chosen as the base for the first Stirling squadron - 7 Squadron.218 Squadron left Oakington in November 1940 so that 7 Squadron could have more space. Then in November 1940 Spitfires of the recently formed 3 Photo Reconnaissance Unit arrived - however because of the poor surface during the winter months the Spitfires frequently used Alconbury.
Oakington's grass surface was also the cause of problems for the heavy Stirlings during the winter of 1940/1941 - there were a number of landing and take-off accidents because of the strain put on its undercarriages.
Oakington was first used by 7 Squadron for an offensive mission in February 1941 to attack Rotterdam docks.
But because of the service Oakington was frequently unserviceable with the result that the Stirlings had to fly to Wyton to bomb-up for operations. In the spring of 1941 runway construction began - the main runway 05-23 and 1700 yards long was completed first with 01-19 (1300 yards) and 10-28 (1400 yards) completed over the next twelve months. 05-23 was subsequently lengthened to 2000 yards and 01-19 to 1530 yards.
Subsequent building work included realigning the perimeter track and expanding the domestic accommodation to allow for nearly 2000 personnel.
The Pathfinder Force, which 7 Squadron had joined in August 1942, became No. 8 Group in the January of 1943. Its policy was to have two Squadrons per airfield. At Oakington 7 Squadron, which was being re-equipped with Lancasters to replace the Stirling, was joined by 627 Squadron formed with the Mosquito.
The latter Squadron moved to No. 5 Group in April 1944 being replaced by the newly formed 571 Squadron. With the end of the conflict 7 Squadron moved to Mepal, 571 to Warboys with Oakington now becoming part of Transport Command. During the summer of 1945 it was the base for 86 and 206 Squadrons flying ex-Coastal Command Liberators for long-range troop transport to the Far East.
After these Squadrons were disbanded in April 1946 a series of other transport squadrons occupied Oakington. It was then taken over by Training Command towards the end of 1950. Eventually the Army took the station over as a barracks. The final regiment to occupy the camp was the Royal Anglian Regiment which moved out in 1999.
The runways were removed for hard-core for the construction of the nearby M11 Motorway (although the perimeter track remains).
Memories of RAF Oakington
(Memories written by members of Forces Reunited)
RAF Oakington, in 1942
Written by Emden operationDad wrote a book 'Of Stirlings and Stalags:an air-gunner's tale' available from Lulu Publishing as a paperback. It's also available as an ebook from Amazon. Many of his friends from Oakington and then Stalag Luft III are mentioned. He was shot down on 7 June 1942 on a operation to Emden...they were taken down by a Me110 night-fighter piloted by Oblt. Ludwig Becker.
RAF Oakington, in 1954
Written by John HarleyAs a National Service SAC engine mechanic, I well remember being detached to RAF Valley early in 1954, when we carried out the acceptance checks on the three new Vampire T 11 trainers, destined to replace the Meteor 4's and 7's at Number 206 AFS at RAF Oakington.
About this time, we had a new Deputy Chief Instructor joining us from Tarrant Rushton. His name was Sqd. Ldr. Peter Tunstall. He became O.C. No 2 Sqdn when Oakington was reformed as Number 5 Flying Training School. Pete had been training pilots on Meteors and had to complete a conversion course for the new T 11's. I got to know Pete during this time as I was his ground crew for quite a while and we became friendly.
After Pete had completed his conversion and built up a few hours, he took me up for flight during which he let me fly the aircraft and he carried out a 'High Speed Run', demonstratng the effects of compressibility and the onset of 'cobble stones' - diving inverted we managed to record 0.89 on the Mach meter. Quite a flight!
I was demobbed a year later, but never forgot Pete and our time together. It was not until June 2009 that I made contact again with Pete - through the Colditz Society. Pete was captured in 1940 after a raid on Leipzig in his Hampden. He was a POW for 5 years ending up in Colditz with Douglas Bader. Pete is still alive at 93 and living in South Africa with his wife Ann. We are in regular contact and keep in touch by letter, e-mail and Skype calls. He is a great friend and still full of life.
Forces Reunited Forum Posts Involving RAF Oakington
"Hi people, my first tour in the RAF was at RAF Oakington from Jan 1971 - until it closed in Mar 1975. I developed an affection for the Varsity aircraft on the unit. It was the aircraft used at the time to teach aircrew how to fly the "heavies", Victor, Vulcan etc. I do not have a photo or print of a Varsity and wonder if any member can assist? Happy to meet any reasonable costs. Many thanks! Last edited by Mike McCourt"
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"I am looking for former friends and colleagues who served with me at RAF Oakington from Jan 1971 to March 1975. Also, colleagues who played with me in the RAF Oakington/RAF Wyton Brass Band. Always remember Bill Downes, lead drummer in the band, last known to be living in Longstanton. Also former friends and colleagues who remember Lynne and myself over the past 37 years. Finally, 317 Apprentice Entry RAF Hereford (Jan - Dec 1970) - anyone out there? Last edited by Mike McCourt Last edited..."
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" Now I have to correct you on that final statement Scouse. I knew him when he was at RAF Oakington. His course used to use the A10 when they were doing low level nav.exs. and wander slightly over the hospital so they could catch us sunbathing in our bikinis!! So I know he had got his wings by the time you wrote that thread! "
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"Quoting: Pamela Forbes Now I have to correct you on that final statement Scouse. I knew him when he was at RAF Oakington. His course used to use the A10 when they were doing low level nav.exs. and wander slightly over the hospital so they could catch us sunbathing in our bikinis!! So I know he had got his wings by the time you wrote that thread! Alright Pamela, I think you are getting mixed up Pontius the Rear Gunner, I think he was out of Oakington flying with the famed XXI..."
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"RAF hereford 1963-65, RAF oakington 1965-66,aden RAF kormaksar 1966-67 nov 30th,RAF catterick 1968-71, RAF wildenwrath 1971-74"
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Active From: 1939 - Present
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Learn more about CTM:
|Shoulder Wallet. This quality constructed item is made of genuine full grain leather. Keep your passport, travelers checks, money and more secure. The pouch measures 5" across and 6" high with a Velcro flap on the main compartment and a zippered closure on the smaller compartment. The zipper will not set off metal detectors. Black only. Be sure to check our listings for the handy currency exchanger and great leather passport holders. The wallet is worn like a gun holster. However, if needed, below are instructions on how to wear this wallet: Make sure the snaps on the leather strap are snapped togther. Keeping the elastic strips pulled towards the back, place your left arm through the leather loop so that the zippered portion is facing out. (The elastic straps are dangling behind you.) Now, place your right arm behind you and slip your arm through the elastic strap as if you were putting on a sweater. All parts of the elastic strip should be across your back and looped over your right shoulder. The loop at the bottom of the leather portion can be attached, if needed, to your belt to hold the item securely in place
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Seller Description
Our company is located in the suburbs of Chicago, IL, where our product team, web team, customer service and warehouse staff are all dedicated to providing you with a wonderful shopping experience, by combining great products with outstanding service.
BeltOutlet began in Naperville, IL in 1997 as a small family business. Our company's founder decided to partner his knowledge of retail buying, manufacturing and leather goods/accessories with his entrepreneurial spirit to create a new company. The company began selling product in several high volume flea markets in the Midwest before selling through eBay. Sales on eBay launched our website that has grown from storing product in the family basement to expansion that includes a multi-unit warehouse facility that now houses almost all operations.
With a commitment to exceptional customer service and affordable, quality goods, BeltOutlet went online with its own web store in 1999. Over a decade later and with more than a million customers served, the same commitment continues to define BeltOutlet. Whether shipping overseas, providing belts to major motion pictures, or helping you find that perfect gift, BeltOutlet still offers exceptional service to our customers, providing quality goods at affordable prices.
In 2012, we opened a new webstore, GoInStyle, to offer a new selection of men's and women's accessories and travel goods designed for the discriminating buyer. We continue to provide the same high level of service and value to customers through BeltOutlet and GoInStyle.
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BeltOutlet was founded on Christian principles that include a commitment to honoring God. This is lived out in the way we interact with customers, vendors, company associates and whomever we encounter in our daily walk.
One aspect of our philosophy, "We sell to help," is based on our commitment to helping people in need through charitable giving. More than 15% of all net profits earned are donated to non-profit, charitable organizations. If you would like to contribute, our key charities are listed below:
- Opportunity International (Microloans for Small Business)
- Samaritan's Purse International Relief (Disaster Relief/Community Development)
- Compassion International (Child Poverty)
- The Salvation Army (Disaster Relief, Youth, Elderly, etc.)
- Loaves and Fishes (Community Food Pantry)
- Feed My Starving Children (World Hunger)
- Where did we come from?
- Why is there evil in the world?
- Why are we here?
- What happens when we die?
- More Than a Carpenter, by Josh McDowell, Tyndale House Publishers, 1977
- The Case For Christ, by Lee Stroble, Zondervan Publishing, 1998
- Evidence that Demands a Verdict, by Josh McDowell, Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1979
Marketplace Guarantee ClaimBuyers should receive Marketplace items in the condition that they were listed. We ask buyers to first contact the seller to give them a chance to address any issues. If the seller does not respond or if the issue is not addressed to the customer's satisfaction buyers can rely on our Rakuten.com Marketplace Guarantee Claim which, covers the first $750 of every purchase... read more
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Organic food, including produce, milk and meat, are becoming more popular among consumers each year. In fact, sales of organic foods now account for almost $26 billion per year, up from $1 billion just 20 years ago. There are many reasons to account for this increase, including potential health benefits and environmental impact. Despite the popularity of organic foods, there is little evidence that eating organic has significant health benefits. But organic foods may still be a good choice for you and your family.
There are several reasons why organic foods might be healthier than non-organic alternatives. Organic produce contains lower levels of pesticides and may be higher in certain nutrients. Raising animals organically may result in lower drug-resistant bacteria contamination since unnecessary antibiotic use is prohibited. Organic milk does not contain added growth hormones. But does this make organic food better for you?
A Stanford University review of more than 200 studies of organic foods published last month suggests that organic produce, milk and meat are not necessarily healthier. There are some studies that show that organic fruits and vegetables contain higher levels of vitamins and antioxidants, but this finding is not consistent. Organically-produced milk and meat may have higher level of omega-3 fats, which are associated with heart health.
These differences may not be completely attributable to organic farming techniques. The higher vitamin content in some fruits and vegetables may be due to ripeness, since organic produce might be more likely to be picked at peak ripeness than conventional fruits and vegetables. The elevated omega-3 fats in organic milk and meat may be due to the fact that most of these cows get more time to graze on grass than cows on congenital farms.
The American Academy of Pediatrics issued a report recently on organic foods for children which presents a balanced review of organic foods and sensible advice for adults and children. After reviewing the research, they concluded that there is no direct evidence that consuming organic food improves health or lowers the risk for disease. But they do note that organic foods, with lower pesticide levels, may be a smart choice for children who are more likely to be harmed by chemical exposures.
The take-home message is that organic foods are at least as healthy as conventional foods. But there are other reasons why you may choose to buy organic beyond the potential health benefits. Organic farming may be better for the environment due to reduced water contamination by pesticide run-off and healthier soil. Pesticide application also poses potential risks for farm workers. Additionally, there are issues of animal welfare that some consider important. Many people also feel that organic farming is more traditional and the way food should be produced.
Given this information about organic food, what should you do? First, eat fruits and vegetables in abundance, whether they are organic or not. There is substantial evidence that fruit and vegetable consumption is essential for good health. The same is true for whole grains, low-fat dairy and lean meat. Second, given that organic foods tend to be more expensive, be selective about what you buy, such as organic versions of foods that tend to be higher in pesticides (you can find lists online). Wash all produce before you eat it, which may help remove pesticide residue. Finally, make sure your food choices, organic or otherwise, are part of a lifestyle that includes a healthy diet and regular physical activity.
Brian Parr, Ph.D., is an associate professor in the Department of Exercise and Sports Science at USC Aiken where he teaches courses in exercise physiology, nutrition and health behavior.
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