text:
A counterfeit determination is made with respect to currency bills by illuminating the currency bill with multiple wavelengths of light. Genuine currency bills include indicia printed with an ink that responds similarly to infra-red illumination at two different wavelengths. To identify a test currency as a suspect counterfeit, the bill is first illuminated with infra-red light at a first wavelength. A measurement is then made of a first reflected light response from the first illumination. The test currency bill is then second illuminated with infra-red light at a second wavelength. A measurement is then made of a second reflected light response from the second illumination. The first and second reflected light responses are then compared, and the test currency bill is identified as a suspect counterfeit if the first and second reflected light responses are not substantially the same.
1. A method of processing documents, comprising:
receiving a document at an input receptacle;
transporting the document from the input receptacle along a transport path to an output receptacle;
alternately illuminating the transported document with at least two wavelengths of light;
sensing a response from each illumination of the document; and
determining a characteristic of the document based on sensed differences or similarities in the response with respect to each of the at least two wavelengths of light.
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8. A document processing system, comprising:
an input receptacle receiving a document;
a transport mechanism for conveying the document from the input receptacle along a transport path to an output receptacle;
a scanning system including a light source operating to alternately illuminate the transported document with at least two wavelengths of light;
a light sensor that senses a response from each illumination of the document; and
a processor to determine a characteristic of the document based on sensed differences or similarities in the response with respect to each of the at least two wavelengths of light.
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15. A method of authenticating currency bills, comprising:
receiving a stack of currency bills in an input receptacle;
transporting the stack of currency bills, on an individual bill-by-bill basis, from the input receptacle along a transport path to an output receptacle;
alternately illuminating each currency bill with at least two wavelengths of light;
sensing, for each illuminated currency bill, a first response associated with illumination at a first wavelength of light and a second response associated with illumination at a second wavelength of light; and
making an authentication determination for each currency bill based on a comparison between the first response and the second response.
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29. A currency bill authentication system, comprising:
an input receptacle receiving a stack of currency bills;
a transport mechanism transporting the stack of currency bills, on an individual bill-by-bill basis, from the input receptacle along a transport path to an output receptacle;
a scanning system including a light source operating to alternately illuminate each currency bill with at least two wavelengths of light;
a light sensor that senses, for each illuminated currency bill, a first response associated with illumination at a first wavelength of light and a second response associated with illumination at a second wavelength of light; and
a processor that makes an authentication determination for each currency bill based on a comparison between the first response and the second response.
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43. A method for making a counterfeit determination with respect to currency bills, wherein genuine currency bills include indicia printed with an ink that responds similarly to infra-red illumination at two different wavelengths, comprising:
first illuminating a test currency bill with infra-red light at a first wavelength, sensing a first reflected light response from the first illumination;
second illuminating the test currency bill with infra-red light at a second wavelength;
sensing a second reflected light response from the second illumination;
comparing the first and second reflected light responses; and
finding the test currency bill to be suspect counterfeit if the first and second reflected light responses are not substantially the same.
44. The method of
45. A system for making a counterfeit determination with respect to currency bills, wherein genuine currency bills include indicia printed with an ink that responds similarly to infra-red illumination at two different wavelengths, comprising:
a first light source that illuminates a test currency bill with infra-red light at a first wavelength;
a detector to sense a first reflected light response from the first illumination;
a second light source that illuminates the test currency bill with infra-red light at a second wavelength;
the detector sensing a second reflected light response from the second illumination;
a processor to compare the first and second reflected light responses, and identify the test currency bill to be suspect counterfeit if the first and second reflected light responses are not substantially the same.
46. The system of
[0001] The present application claims priority from co-pending United States Provisional Application for Patent Serial No. 60/419,453, filed Oct. 18, 2002, and No. 60/422,322, filed Oct. 30, 2002, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
[0002] The present invention relates generally to the field of currency handling systems and, more particularly, to methods and systems for authenticating currency bills.
[0003] A variety of techniques and apparatuses have been used to determine the authenticity of currency bills (or other documents). These techniques generally implicate optically scanning or imaging the documents along with the processing of the resulting scan or image data in comparison to certain metrics. If the metrics are satisfied (or not satisfied, as the case may be), then the document is identified as suspect. The document may then be discarded because it is presumed to not be authentic or it can be sent on for further handling and consideration, perhaps using other tests or analyses, to confirm that it is not authentic. A common concern with prior art document scanning and imaging techniques is accuracy. Another common concern with the prior art techniques is speed. A need exists in the art for a method and system for determining the authenticity of documents which possesses improved accuracy rates and further can be implemented in automated system which operate at high document processing rates. It would further be an advantage if the system and method could be implemented in compact document handling systems, and if the system and method were inexpensive.
[0004] A document authentication scanning system and method in accordance with the present invention illuminates at least one side of a document with first and second wavelengths of light. More particularly, the illumination is made alternately between the first and second wavelengths. Reflected light from the document is detected and an authentication determination is made based on a comparison of the reflected first wavelength of light to the reflected second wavelength of light. In one embodiment, the document is not authentic if the detected reflected light differs between the first and second wavelengths.
[0005] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, there is a provided a system and method for authenticating a stack of currency bills. The bills in the stack are transported, one bill at a time (preferably, wide edge leading), from an input through an evaluation region to an output. As the bills pass through the evaluation region, at least one side is alternately illuminated with first and second wavelengths of light. An identification of the passing bill as a counterfeit is then made based on a detected difference between a first response associated with illuminating the bill with the first wavelength of light and a second response associated with illuminating the bill with the second wavelength of light.
[0006] In a preferred embodiment, the first and second wavelengths of light are selected to be in the infra-red region of the spectrum.
[0007] The above summary of the present invention is not intended to represent each embodiment, or every aspect, of the present invention. Additional features and benefits of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description, figures, and claims set forth below.
[0008] A more complete understanding of the invention will become apparent upon reading the following detailed description in conjunction with the attached drawings wherein:
[0009]FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a currency processing system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; and
[0010]FIG. 2 is a block diagram for a multi-pocket evaluation device.
[0011] Reference is now made to FIG. 1 wherein there is shown a currency (or other document) handling system 10 comprising an input 12 and an output 14. A transport device or mechanism 16 conveys currency bills (or other documents needing authentication) from the input 12 (for example, an input receptacle) to the output 14 (for example, a plurality of output receptacles). An evaluation unit 18 is operatively positioned, although not necessarily physically positioned, between the input 12 and the output 14. The transport mechanism 16 is adapted to transport bills/documents, received either individually or in brick stacks, one at a time through a fitness detector evaluation unit 18. The evaluation unit 18 may be adapted to evaluate any number of predetermined characteristics of the passing bills/documents. Based on a determination made with respect to each bill/document, it is sorted in connection with its delivery to the output 14 by separating the bills/documents into certain ones of the included output receptacles. This sortation may include taking a bill/document out of circulation, sending a bill/document to a counterfeit receptacle, sending a bill/document to a certain denomination receptacle, and the like.
[0012] In one example of evaluation, each bill is transported past a first detector 20 and then a second detector 22 followed by transport past a third detector 24. It will be understood that the evaluation detector 18 may comprise one or more of detectors for determining a predetermined criteria. Each detector may be used to address a different criteria, or alternatively plural detectors may be used with respect to the same criteria.
[0013] Reference is now made to FIG. 2, wherein there is shown a block diagram for a multi-pocket evaluation device 40. Although the following description focuses on the handling of currency bills, it will be understood that the device 40 is equally useful in evaluating other types of documents, and especially those documents which need to be authenticated.
[0014] The device 40 includes an input receptacle 42 (including a bill separation functionality) for receiving a stack of currency bills to be processed (for example, counted, denominated, authenticated, and the like). Currency bills in the input receptacle 42 are picked out or separated, one bill at a time, and sequentially relayed by a bill transport mechanism 46 for transport between a pair of scanheads 48 a and 48 b where, for example, currency authentication of each bill is performed. In the illustrated embodiment, each scanhead 48 is an optical scanhead that scans for optical characteristic information from a scanned bill 47 which is used to determine the authentication of the bill. The scanned bill 47 is then transported through a sortation functionality to a selected one of a plurality of output receptacles 50. Although a plurality of receptacles 50 are illustrated, it will be understood that the device may be implemented with just a single output receptacle. Each of the receptacles 50 includes a stacking unit 51 which operates to assist in stacking the bills within the receptacles 50 for subsequent removal. The device 40 includes an operator interface 53 with a display 56 for communicating information to an operator of the device 40, and buttons 57 for receiving operator input.
[0015] Additional sensors may replace or are used in conjunction with the optical scanheads 48 a and 48 b in the device 40 to analyze, authenticate, denominate, count, and/or otherwise process currency bills. These sensors comprise the detectors 20-24 described above in connection with FIG. 1. For example, size detection sensors, magnetic sensors, thread sensors, and/or ultraviolet/fluorescent light sensors may be used in the currency processing device 40 to evaluate currency bills. Uses of these types of sensors for currency evaluation are described in commonly owned U.S. Pat. No. 6,278,795, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Likewise, one or more embodiments of fitness detectors may be used in connection with the optical scanners.
[0016] In a preferred implementation for currency bill authentication, with respect to one of the included detectors 20-24, each optical scanhead 48 a and 48 b comprises a pair of light sources 52 a and 52 b, such as light emitting diodes 52 a 1, 52 a 2, 52 b 1 and 52 b 2, that direct light onto the bill transport path so as to illuminate passing currency bills. In a particular implementation, the light sources 52 a and 52 b are configured to illuminate a substantially rectangular light strip 44 upon a passing currency bill 47 positioned on the transport path adjacent the scanhead 48. Light reflected off the currency bill, in general, and the illuminated strip 44, in particular, is sensed by a photodetector 56 positioned between the two light sources. The analog output of the photodetector 56 is converted into a digital signal by means of an analog-to-digital convertor ("ADC") 58 whose output is fed as a digital input to a processor such as central processing unit (CPU) 60. The CPU 60 processes the digital inputs, for example, by comparison, to make authentication determinations.
[0017] The bill transport path is defined in such a way that the transport mechanism 46 moves currency bills with the narrow dimension of the bills parallel to the transport path and the scan direction. As a bill 47 traverses the scanheads 48 the light strip 44 effectively scans the bill across the narrow dimension of the bill 47. In the depicted embodiment, the transport path is arranged so that a currency bill 47 is scanned across a central section of the bill along its narrow dimension, as shown in FIG. 2. Each scanhead functions to detect light reflected from the bill 47 as it moves across the illuminated light strip 44 and to provide an analog representation of the variation in reflected light, which, in turn, represents the variation in the dark and light content of the printed pattern or indicia on the surface of the bill 47. This variation in light reflected from the narrow dimension scanning of the bills serves as a measure for distinguishing, with a high degree of confidence, among a plurality of currency denominations that the system is programmed to process. As will be discussed in further detail herein, this reflected light can also be processed to make accurate authentication determinations as well.
[0018] In order to ensure strict correspondence between reflectance samples obtained by narrow-dimension scanning of successive bills, the initiation of the reflectance sampling process is preferably controlled through the controller 60 (e.g., CPU) by means of an optical encoder 53 which is linked to the bill transport mechanism 46 and precisely tracks the physical movement of the bill 47 across the scanhead 48. More specifically, the optical encoder 53 is linked to the rotary motion of the drive motor which generates the movement imparted to the bill as it is relayed along the transport path. In addition, the mechanics of the feed and transport mechanism (see U.S. Pat. No. 5,295,196) ensure that positive contact is maintained between the bill and the transport path, particularly when the bill is being scanned by the scanhead 48. Under these conditions, the optical encoder 53 is capable of precisely tracking the movement of the bill 47 relative to the light strip 44 generated by the scanhead 48 by monitoring the rotary motion of the drive motor.
[0019] The output of the photodetector 56 is monitored by the controller 60 to initially detect the presence of the bill underneath the scanhead 48 and, subsequently, to detect the starting point of the printed pattern on the bill, as represented by the thin borderline 47A which typically encloses the printed indicia on bills. Once the borderline 47A has been detected, the optical encoder 53 is used to control the timing and number of reflectance samples that are obtained from the output of the photodetector 56 as the bill 47 moves across the scanhead 111 and is scanned along its narrow dimension.
[0020] The use of the encoder 53 for controlling the sampling process relative to the physical movement of a bill 47 across the scanhead 48 is also advantageous in that the encoder 53 can be used to provide a predetermined delay following detection of the borderline prior to initiation of sampling. The encoder delay can be adjusted in such a way that the bill 47 is scanned only across those segments along its narrow dimension which contain the most distinguishable printed indicia relative to the different currency denominations.
[0021] In the case of U.S. currency, for instance, it has been determined that the central, approximately two-inch (5 cm) portion of bills, as scanned across the central section of the narrow dimension of the bill, provides sufficient data for distinguishing among the various U. S. currency denominations on the basis of the correlation technique disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,295,196. Accordingly, the encoder 53 can be used to control the scanning process so that reflectance samples are taken for a set period of time and only after a certain period of time has elapsed after detection of the borderline 47A, thereby restricting the scanning to the desired central portion of the narrow dimension of the bill.
[0022] The controller 60 is programmed to count the number of bills belonging to each currency denomination as part of a given batch of bills that have been scanned, and to determine the aggregate total of the currency amount represented by the scanned bills in that batch. The controller 60 is also linked to an EPROM 64 and an output unit 56 which provides a display of the number of bills counted, the breakdown of the bills in terms of denomination, and the aggregate total of the currency value represented by the counted bills. The output unit 56 can also be adapted to provide a print-out of the displayed information in a desired format.
[0023] The scanhead 48 may comprise multiple scanheads positioned next to each other, or a single stationary scanhead extending across the entire width of the documents being scanned. In this case, the same scanhead may be used to generate the data needed to denominate bills and to display and store the images that appear on bills and other types of documents. For example, the electronic data from a single scanhead may be used to denominate bills, and to store images of bills, checks and other documents. Alternatively, the same data may be used to also store images of only the serial numbers of bills. One example of such a full-width scanhead is the aforementioned PI228MC-A4 Contact Image Sensor (CIS) Module made by Peripheral Imaging Corporation in San Jose, Calif.
[0024] Two-sided scanning may be used to permit bills to be fed into a currency discrimination unit with either side face up, and also to permit high-speed scanning of images on both sides of the documents being scanned. An example of a two-sided scanhead arrangement is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,467,406, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Master patterns generated by scanning genuine bills may be stored for segments on one or both sides of bills of all denominations. In the case where master patterns are stored from the scanning of only one side of a genuine bill, the patterns retrieved by scanning both sides of a bill under test may be compared to a master set of single-sided master patterns. In such a case, a pattern retrieved from one side of a bill under test should match one of the stored master patterns, while a pattern retrieved from the other side of the bill under test should not match any of the master patterns. Alternatively, master patterns may be stored for both sides of genuine bills. In such a two-sided system, a pattern retrieved by scanning one side of a bill under test should match one of the master patterns for one side (Match 1) of a genuine bill, and a pattern retrieved from scanning the opposite side of the bill under test should match one of the master patterns of the opposite side of a genuine bill (Match 2).
[0025] A counterfeit detection function may also be included in the discrimination and authentication unit. A variety of different counterfeit detection techniques are well known and have been incorporated in currency discriminators. These known counterfeit detectors detect a variety of different types of characteristic information from currency bills, and employ a variety of different detection means such as magnetic, optical of capacitive sensors. These include detection of patterns of changes in magnetic flux (U.S. Pat. No. 3,280,974), patterns of vertical grid lines in the portrait area of bills (U.S. Pat. No. 3,870,629), the presence of a security thread (U.S. Pat. No. 5,151,607), total amount of magnetizable material of a bill (U.S. Pat. No. 4,617,458), patterns from sensing the strength of magnetic fields along a bill (U.S. Pat. No. 4,593,184), and other patterns and counts from scanning different portions of the bill such as the area in which the denomination is written out (U.S. Pat. No. 4,356,473).
[0026] With regard to optical sensing, a variety of currency characteristics can be measured such as density (U.S. Pat. No. 4,381,447), color (U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,490,846; 3,496,370; 3,480,785), length and thickness (U.S. Pat. No. 4,255,651), the presence of a security thread (U.S. Pat. No. 5,151,607) and holes (U.S. Pat. No. 4,381,447), and other patterns of reflectance and transmission (U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,496,370; 3,679,314; 3,870,629; 4,179,685). Color detection techniques may employ color filters, colored lamps, and/or dichromic beamsplitters (U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,841,358; 4,658,289; 4,716,456; 4,825,246, 4,992,860 and EP 325,364). An optical sensing system using ultraviolet light is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,640,463, incorporated herein by reference.
[0027] In addition to magnetic and optical sensing, other techniques of detecting characteristic information of currency include electrical conductivity sensing, capacitive sensing (U.S. Pat. No. 5,122,754—watermark, security thread; U.S. Pat. No. 3,764,899—thickness; U.S. Pat. No. 3,815,021—dielectric properties; U.S. Pat. No. 5,151,607—security thread), and mechanical sensing (U.S. Pat. No. 4,381,447—limpness; U.S. Pat. No. 4,255,651—thickness).
[0028] A UV authenticating technique can be employed along with one or more other authenticating and/or discrimination techniques in alternative embodiments of the imaging system. For example, the imaging system may include both a UV authenticating system and a magnetic authenticating system. It is known that genuine U.S. bills reflect a high level of UV light and do not fluoresce in response to UV illumination, except in certain special cases described below. An embodiment of the imaging system employing both UV and magnetic authentication would be able to detect a counterfeit U.S. bill that passes the UV authentication test (e.g., reflects sufficient level of UV light and does not fluoresce in response to UV illumination), but fails the magnetic authentication test. Put another way, an embodiment of the imaging system that implements a plurality of authentication tests is able to detect counterfeit bills that would otherwise go undetected where only one authenticating test is employed. Further details of a currency processing system employing UV, fluorescence and magnetic authentication tests are described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 6,363,164, which has been incorporated by reference.
[0029] Security features added to U.S. currency beginning with the 1996 series $100 bills include the incorporation into the bills of security threads that fluoresce under ultraviolet light. For example, the security threads in the 1996 series $100 bills emit a red glow when illuminated by ultraviolet light. The color of light emitted by security threads under ultraviolet light will vary by denomination, e.g., with the $100 bills emitting red light and the $50 bills emitting blue or purple light. Thus, the red light emitted from the security thread of a $100 bill in response to UV illumination can be used to both authenticate and denominate that bill.
[0030] In particular, an embodiment of the system for authenticating bills (for example, identifis presented wherein the LEDs 52 used are LEDs which emit light at different wavelengths (for example, at 880 nm and 940 nm in the IR part of the spectrum). More specifically, LED 52 a 1 may operate at 880 nm while LED 52 a 2 may operate at 940 nm. Similarly, LED 52 b 1 may operate at 880 nm while LED 52 b 2 operates at 940 nm. This multiple wavelength approach takes advantage of a characteristic of inks which are used on non-genuine currency bills wherein the ink reflects the different incident wavelengths differently. In contrast, the ink used on authentic currency bills reflects the different wavelengths of light similarly. In operation, the currency bill is first illuminated at one wavelength (for example, 880 nm) and then illuminated at the other wavelength (for example, 940 nm). Because genuine currency bill ink responds to such illumination in a substantially identical manner, the detected reflected light from these alternate, successive illuminations should correspondingly be substantially identical (or otherwise correlated). The sensed reflection signal produced by the detector 56 will approximate a flat line (or level) response when genuine currency is successively alternately illuminated with different wavelengths. Conversely, because non-genuine currency bill ink has a different illumination frequency response, the detected reflected light from these alternate, successive illuminations should correspondingly be different (or non-correlated). In this case, sensed reflection signal produced by the detector 56 will vary (a blinking effect in the sensed light reflection will be detected) when alternate illumination is applied. For U.S. currency, there is an advantage to looking at the green side of the bill when using this multiple wavelength approach. With a counterfeit bill, the reflected multi-wavelength light from the entire green side can be detected to blink. Thus, the counterfeit bill is easier to detect.
[0031] A significant advantage of the counterfeit detection process described above is that continuous operation of the transport mechanism 46 is supported while detection occurs. There is no need to statically test each bill under a fixed camera or imager. Preferred embodiments operate at speeds of at least about 800 bills-per-minute (bpm). The higher the speed, the faster the controller 60 needs to control the alternate actuation of the LEDs (on/off or perhaps vary the on intensity level). For example, when operating to transport bills at 1000 bpm, it is preferred that the LEDs be switched every {fraction (1/1000)}th of a second. Furthermore, when operating to transport bills at 1200 bpm, the LEDs are preferably switched every {fraction (1/1200)}th of second.
[0032] As shown in FIG. 2, two sets of LEDs may be used; LEDs 52 a 1 and 52 a 2 on the top and LEDs 52 b 1 and 52 b 2 on the bottom. Although authentication may selectively be done on only one side, e.g., the green side or the black side, upper and lower modules 48 a and 48 b avoid the need to have all bills facing green side up, for example. For some applications, the LEDs 52 a 1 and 52 a 2 are LED arrays (each comprising perhaps a plurality of LEDs) adapted to operate at different wavelengths, e.g., 880 nm and 940 nm. A similar configuration may be implemented with respect to the lower LEDs 52 b 1 and 52 b 2.
[0033] An advantage of using the present counterfeit detection system which operates to cycle (alternate) the LED light sources is that the light sources can be operated in a strobe mode to pick up different zones, e.g., different IR zones on the bills. The light source LEDs 52 can be adapted to illuminate predetermined zones in a predetermined order. If, for example non-visible ink becomes visible upon illumination of a particular zone, the sensor will detect the visible ink. Tests, such as authenticity and denomination tests, can be based on the presence or absence of visible ink in a particular zone illuminated with a spectrum of pre-selected light. This strobe test or other tests, e.g., other counterfeit tests as described herein, can be combined with a dual-wavelength test describe above. Thus, in some embodiments, each LED is independently controlled to affect its state (intensity), such as high, low, on, off.
[0034] Additional details of the device 40 illustrated in FIG. 2 and processes for using the same are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,295,196 and 5,815,592, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. According to various alternative embodiments, the currency processing device 40 is capable of processing, including fitness evaluating and denominating the bills, singularly or in combination, from about 800 to over 1500 bills per minute. Furthermore, a multi-functional processor may be programmed to only evaluate fitness, for example, of bills at speeds from about 800 to over 1500 bills per minute.
[0035] While the device 40 of FIG. 2 has been described as a device capable of determining the denomination and authenticity of processed bills, it may alternatively or additionally function as a note counting device. Note counting devices are disclosed in commonly owned U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,026,175 and 6,012,565 and in commonly owned, co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/611,279, filed Jul. 6, 2000, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Note counting devices differ from currency denominating devices in that note counting devices do not denominate the currency bills being processed and are not designed to process and determine the total value of a stack of mixed denomination currency bill. But fitness detection may also be used in note counting devices.
[0036] While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments have been shown by way of example in the drawings and will be described in detail herein. It should be understood, however, that the invention is not intended to be limited to the particular forms disclosed. Rather, the invention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
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Test ID: SDHSP
Succinate Dehydrogenase (SDH) Gene Analysis
NY State Approved Indicates the status of NY State approval and if the test is orderable for NY State clients.
Useful For Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Aiding in the diagnosis of hereditary paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma syndrome associated with SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD gene mutations
Profile Information A profile is a group of laboratory tests that are ordered and performed together under a single Mayo Test ID. Profile information lists the test performed, inclusive of the test fee, when a profile is ordered and includes reporting names and individual availability.
|Test ID
|Reporting Name
|Available Separately
|Always Performed
|SDH Gene Analysis
|SDH Gene Sequencing
Additional Tests Lists test(s) that are always performed, at an additional charge, with the initial test(s)
|Test ID
|Reporting Name
|Available Separately
|Always Performed
|SDH Deletion Detection
|Yes, (order #89555)
Testing Algorithm Delineates situation(s) when tests are added to the initial order. This includes reflex and additional tests.
The SDH deletion detection will be performed at an additional charge.
Special Instructions and Forms Describes specimen collection and preparation information, test algorithms, and other information pertinent to test. Also includes pertinent information and consent forms to be used when requesting a particular test
Method Name A short description of the method used to perform the test
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Amplification/DNA Sequencing and Deletion Detection by Multiplex Ligation-Dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA)
(PCR is utilized pursuant to a license agreement with Roche Molecular Systems, Inc.)
Reporting Name A shorter/abbreviated version of the Published Name for a test; an abbreviated test name
SDH Gene Analysis
Aliases Lists additional common names for a test, as an aid in searching
SDH (Succinate Dehydrogenase) Gene

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Reading Veterinarians
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Mitchell BarnettMedical Director
Veterinary School: Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine
Dr. Barnett graduated from Ross University in the caribbean on the Island of St. Kitts. He completed his clinical year at Auburn University in Alabama.
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Veterinary School: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Berks Veterinary Ultrasound was started in 2003 by Dr. Jason Tomes. Dr. Tomes grew up outside of Chicago and did his undergrad work at the University of Illinois. He continued his education at the...
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It is Saturday evening here in SaPa. And a lovely evening it is. The weather here changes SOOOOOO fast, my head spins.
Thank you, thank you, all of you for emailling. It is a real treat to find a computer and discover email from you. And Joseph: welcome to the land of technology. I am thrilled we can make contact from so far away and so instantly. Garret, you made my day. Steve, Donna, Orion, Deb, Vaughn, Jo Ann I love it that you write. I don't always write back because of the connection I have, but nonetheless, I am so happy to have contact from home.


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Real Housewives of Atlanta
Kenya Moore Teases Fight With Cynthia Bailey in Season 5 of The Real Housewives of Atlanta Premiere
Detroit native Kenya Moore joins The Real Housewives of Atlanta for Season 5, which premieres on Nov. 4, and we already know that she's the new one to watch.
In an interview with People Magazine, Kenya talks about getting into a fight with Cynthia Bailey in the first episode of the season. "[Cynthia] was being disrespectful and overstepping her boundaries, so I had to let her know that that wasn't acceptable to me. It resulted in security being called," Kenya revealed.
And according to Kenya, she keeps the drama going throughout Season 5.
Trust me, it is full of drama," she says. "I am in the middle of most of it, and probably cause most of it. I went through a lot of ups and downs with the women on the show."
Are you surprised that Kenya has already argued with at least one other H'wife? Vote below!
Source: People Magazine


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Office of Student Orientation, Leadership and EngagementMenu
Freshman Student Orientation: Dusty Camp
Welcome to TAMIU!
Congratulations! We are excited about your acceptance to the University. Before you step foot into your Math 1301 course, there are a few things that you will need to know in order to prepare for your life as a Dustdevil. Freshman Student Orientation: Dusty Camp provides an unique experience that will help you adjust to the rigors of transitioning from high school to college life. Dusty Camp will assist with any questions you may have about financial aid, housing, academic expectations, and student involvement as a first year students at TAMIU. If you will be a new student in the spring, summer or fall of 2015, you will need to register for Dusty Camp 2015.
To register for Dusty Camp 2015 click on the link below:
Freshman Student Orientation: Dusty Camp 2015
Orientation is required for all new students and first-time freshmen.
Dusty Camp I (January 16, 2015)
Dusty Camp II (June 11 - 12, 2015)
Dusty Camp III (June 25 - 26, 2015)
Dusty Camp IV (July 16 - 17, 2015)
Dusty Camp V (July 30 - 31, 2015)
Dusty Camp VI (August 10 - 11, 2015)
See what last year's students did at their Orientation by clicking links below.
Dusty Camp I Dusty Camp II Dusty Camp III Dusty Camp IV Dusty Camp V
Related Institutional Goals/Principles
|Imperative 1: Students
|1.1 Attract and admit a diverse and international student body.
|1.2 Increase enrollment, retention, and graduation rates.
|1.3 Prepare students for successful leadership roles.
|1.4 Engage students in activities that enrich their lives.
|1.5 Provide programs and services that support established student outcomes.
|1.6 Increase participation of students in study abroad programs
|Imperative 3: Teaching and Learning
|3.1 Establish and pursue student learning outcomes appropriate for each program and engage in systematic assessment and use of results for continuous quality improvement.
Undergraduate Learning Principle 1: Respective and Expressive Communication Skills
Undergraduate Learning Principle 3: Integration and Application of Knowledge
Undergraduate Learning Principle 4: Understanding Society and Culture
Undergraduate Learning Principle 5: Appreciating Values and Ethics
Student Center Suite 226
5201 University Blvd., Laredo, TX 78041-1900
(956) 326-2280 or (956) 326-2281
Fax: (956) 326-2279
E-mail: email@example.com


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Jan 8, 2012 7 Comments ›› The Assassin
(JPost) — The success of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egyptian parliamentary elections and the Islamist party's pending inclusion in the government is a victory for the Palestinians and puts Israel's security situation in peril, Hamas Prime Minister Ismail Haniyeh said in an interview with The Independent published on Saturday.
While US State Department Spokesperson Victoria Nuland said Thursday that the Muslim Brotherhood had given Washington assurances that it would honor Egypt's peace treaty with Israel, Haniyeh said that Cairo would no longer close its border with Gaza to help Israel blockade the territory, nor would it support any Israeli military operations in the Strip.
"The Palestinian cause is winning," Haniyeh was quoted as saying by theIndependent. "With the Muslim Brotherhood part of the government [in Egypt], they [the Egyptians] will not besiege Gaza. They will not arrest Palestinians. They will not give cover to Israel to launch a war."
The Hamas leader stated that he envisions his cause benefiting from the changes occurring in the region, and Israel suffering from the developments.


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"Internet Purchases Only"
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This item is viewable at our retail store in LEXINGTON, KY. It may be on display and is
available for immediate purchase and pick-up.
click here to see all brands we sell
*Please Note!! Many of our pictures are stock photos provided to us by the manufacturer and do not necessarily represent the actual item being purchased. Please verify this picture accurately reflects the product described by the title and description on this page before you place your order.
A training weapon should approximate the size, heft and feel of the real thing. Though wood is effective and elegant, it can rot, crack, chip or splinter. Cold Steel has the solution--training weapons in the heaviest grade polypropylene, duplicating length, size, weight and feel.
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Listing Search Results
Search results in category iDo
Challenge Rafting operates a variety of exciting half day trips on the Shotover and Kawarau Rivers.
Phone: view phone+64 3 442 7318
Free Phone: view phone0800 423 836
Website: http://www.raft.co.nz/
E-mail: send an e-mail
Cave World offers a range of memorable glow worm experiences, from fun-filled adventures you can enjoy with family and friends to relaxed walking tours.
Phone: view phone+64 7 878 6577
Free Phone: view phone0800 228 396
Contact Name: Kyle
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E-mail: send an e-mail
Welcome to Cathedral Cove Sea Kayaking where your safety and enjoyment are our priority. Our company
Phone: view phone+64 (7) 866 3877
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E-mail: send an e-mail
Chris has a wealth of experience and knowledge in fishing the central North Island lakes, rivers and streams. He has been fishing these waters successfully since he was a lad and has never lost his passion for the art of fly fishing.
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New Zealand's original kayak fishing tours
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Captain Bucko is a kingfish and snapper specialist who can show you great fishing and diving all year round. He caters for all anglers and divers. Men, women, and families.
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Founded in 1979, Canoe Safaris offers fun filled river holidays for folks with little or no paddling experience.
Phone: view phone+ 6463859237
Free Phone: view phone08002723353
Website: http://www.canoesafaris.co.nz
E-mail: send an e-mail


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Sunday, February 13, 2011
© Copyright 2015 Gwinnett Daily Post
DULUTH — Edward Pasquale denied South Carolina on four of five shootout attempts and backstopped the Gwinnett Gladiators to a crucial 5-4 victory on Sunday.After watching a two-goal lead slip away in the final five minutes of regulation, Pasquale and the Gladiators persevered in the shootout. Gwinnett beat South Carolina for a second straight day and picked up two more essential points to keep pace in the Eastern Conference playoff race. The Gladiators also remain unbeaten when leading after two periods (16-0-0-0), although they have previously led a lead slip away in the third only to rally for a win after 60 minutes. "We worked hard and in the end we found a way to get two points," Gwinnett head coach Jeff Pyle said. "These two games were huge for us. "As tired as they were, I can live with the last two goals. You're not happy about it, but as long as you get the two points, you can deal with it. Had we lost in the shootout, it would have been a bitter, bitter, bitter loss." In an eventful first period, the Gladiators grabbed a 3-1 lead but also saw an already short bench depleted. Danick Paquette scored the first of his two goals just 2:35 into the game. It was an easy put-away with South Carolina's Jake Hauswirth falling on top of his own goalie, Shane Owen. The Stingrays tied it a little more than two minutes later on a wrister by Trent Campbell that zipped past Pasquale's reaching glove. But Paquette's second tally at 12:16 and pushed the lead to 3-1 just 19 seconds later. Paquette was left unguarded at the bottom of the circle and Kyle Kucharski sent a sharply angled feed through the crease. "Our third line played exceptionally well," Pyle said. "They got us a lead and those are huge. We needed that third line to come up big and it did." In a similar play moments later, Michael Forney was behind the South Carolina net and found Andy Brandt alone in the slot. Brandt whipped the puck past Owen at 12:35 and the Stingrays spent their timeout to regroup. South Carolina got a premium scoring chance on the very next shift. Tommy Goebel raced in alone on Pasquale, but the Atlanta Thrashers' prospect robbed him to preserve the lead. A boarding major, and game misconduct, on Justin Milo put the Stingrays on a score-at-will power play for five of the last 6 1/2 minutes of the period. Milo, who played for South Carolina before coming to Gwinnett, crunched Derek Keller along the wall in the corner. Milo's ejection and an injury to defenseman Cody Brookwell earlier in the period took the Gladiators bench down to just 13 skaters. But the remaining players did an incredible job on the penalty kill, shifting and attacking with machine-like precision. The Stingrays managed a scant few quality scoring chances in the five minutes and no goals as Gwinnett retained its 3-1 margin. "Milo's been playing really well and he's a big part of that third line," Pyle said. "He takes charge of it defensively. (Kucharski) has been good, too. But bottom line, you're short and you're missing a centerman that does some pretty good things. So losing Milo hurt us, but the boys stepped up." Brookwell, who took a shot off his foot, returned at the start of the second and the Gladiators maintained their two-goal lead. Although South Carolina first cut it to 3-2 during a delayed penalty to Paquette at 10:42. Tim Miller answered at 11:49 on the power play. Looking for options as he cut through the face-off circle, Miller had an open lane and simply beat Owen cleanly with a low wrister. Gwinnett again spent the better part of the period's last 6 1/2 minutes on the penalty kill and again held off the Stingrays — thanks in large part to a brilliant save by Pasquale with less than four minutes to go. Josh Godfrey, who broke former Gladiator Jon Awe's hardest slap shot record at this year's ECHL All-Star skills competition, wound up a cannon from inside the blue line. Pasquale was on his knees and reached up to rip the blistered puck out of mid-air with a flashing glove. "That's what keeps you in games," Pyle said. "When you're short-handed, you need those big saves." The majority of another penalty carried over into the third. Gwinnett killed that off, too, but then took its foot off the gas in the last five minutes and allowed South Carolina to tie the game at 4. Failing to clear the zone on too many occasions, the Gladiators gave up goals to Matt Scherer at 15:23 and Pierre-Luc O'Brien at 16:43. "I think we were just pretty much gassed period," Pyle said. "We had three or four chances to get it out at the blue line and we didn't. But bottom line, we got the two points. As hard as we worked, as short as we were, as beat up as they are, they earned it."
More like this story
- Pasquale, Gladiators stymie Stingrays ( March 1, 2011 )
- South Carolina beats Gladiators 6-5 in shootout ( January 17, 2011 )
- Gladiators squander early lead against South Carolina ( December 3, 2010 )
- Gladiators battle back for victory ( February 26, 2011 )
- Big 2nd lifts Gladiators to win ( February 12, 2011 )


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Garland X60-10RR
60" 366,000 Btu Gas Restaurant Range, 10 Burner, 2 Standard Oven, Sunfire X Series
Price: $2,216.57
No Sales Tax (except KY)
|*see specsheet*
|Gas Type
|Gas Type
|Oven Base
|(2) Standard
|Total Input BTU / HR
|1 year warranty coverage of all parts, labor, and travel excluding wear items. Door warranty three 3 years limited parts except window.
|726 Pounds
Spec DocumentsSpec Sheet (PDF)
Learn more about the X60-10RR
Ten Open Top Burners w/Two Standard Ovens
Standard Features:
- Large 27" (686mm) work top surface
- Stainless steel front and sides
- Stainless steel 4" (102mm) plate rail
- Stainless steel backguard w/ removable stainless steel shelf
- 12" (305mm) section stamped drip trays w/ dimpled bottom
- Durable easy to read control knobs
- Easy to clean 6" (152mm) steel core, injection molded legs
- Pressure regulator, 1" NPT
Standard on Applicable Models:
- Cabinet base in lieu of one oven, models X-60-10RS & X60-6G24RS
- Ergonomic split cast iron top ring grates
- 30,000 Btuh/ 8.79 kW 2 piece cast iron "Q" style donut open burner
- 5/8" (15mm) thick steel griddle plate w/ manual hi / lo valve control
- 4 1/4" (108mm) wide grease trough
- 18,000 Btuh/5.27 kW cast iron "H" style griddle burner per 12"(305mm) width of griddle
- Griddle plates only available on right side of range
- Straight steel tube oven burner 33,000 Btuh/9.67 kW
- Standard size Sunfire oven w/ ribbed porcelain oven bottom and door interior, aluminized top, sides and back; RR models 2 ovens, RS models one oven
- Oven thermostat w/ Low to 500° F (260° C)
- Nickel plated oven rack with two fixed position oven rack guides
- Heavy duty oven door w/keep-cool handle


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By Jim GaramoneAmerican Forces Press Service
CAMP LEJEUNE, N.C., April 18, 2002 They stepped off their air-cushion landing craft, but their feet didn't touch the ground.
The men of the 3rd Battalion, 6th Marines, knew they'd done a good job in Afghanistan, and now they were "splashing in" at their Onslow Beach home here.
Families and friends gathered to greet the 2,300 Marines of the 26th Marine Expeditionary Unit, home from a seven-month deployment that took them to Kandahar, Kabul and Camp Rhino.
The expeditionary unit's primary purpose while operating near Kandahar was to block al Qaeda and Taliban escape routes, Air Force Gen. Richard B. Myers, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, said in a Dec. 9, 2001, Fox television news interview.
"And they're doing that very nicely," Myers said. The 3rd Battalion was the 26th MEU's ground element. According to its commander, Lt. Col. Jerome Lynes, his Marines performed superbly.
"At one point I had Marines aboard the USS Bataan and a forward element in the Gardez region," he said. "That's like having your right flank in Charleston and your left flank in New York."
Lynes said the young "Devil Dogs" carried on a unit tradition that dates back to World War I. "Anyone who thinks that American kids aren't tough didn't see these Marines in Afghanistan," he said.
The Marines were the first ground troops in the southern part of the country. They took and held Kandahar International Airport, a hotbed of Taliban sentiment.
The conditions in Afghanistan were austere to say the least, Lynes said. The Marines lived in holes, they were cold, they ate MREs for two months, and they had no showers.
"We suffered from a stench of Olympic proportions," Lynes said.
The unit also operated from Pakistan. Lynes noted that the U.S. forces couldn't have accomplished what they did without the help of the Pakistani government.
"The operation in Afghanistan was the biggest beach the unit ever crossed," Lynes said. Other officials said the distance from the USS Bataan to Camp Rhino was 500 miles.
Cpl. Michael Pyle said the Afghan environment required a lot of digging. "We occupied some buildings at the southern end of the air base in Kandahar," he said. "We sandbagged them, looked out, and waited for something to happen."
On Jan. 10, something did happen. The battalion engaged Taliban skirmishers in a 45-minute firefight at the airport. The Taliban came at night, but the Marines were ready. "That statement, 'We own the night'? It's true," Lynes said.
No Taliban got even close to the airport, he said. The Marines fought them off with small arms and 81mm mortar illumination rounds. "They made me very proud," Lynes said. "They were so professional about the situation."
And now, the Marines are home. They will have leave and go out to see families and friends that supported them.
"While we were in Afghanistan we heard and read how America was really standing behind us," Lynes said. "That means a lot to us. It's great to be back home and maybe we can tell these folks personally how much we appreciated the support."


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Delivers the perfect sound for all your guitar explosions.
Gauges .009, .011, .016, .24, .32, .42, .58. Round-wound nickel-plated steel. GHS has made the highest quality strings since 1964. The choice of numerous guitar greats.
Item # 101708147 | Condition: Info | Customer Ratings: ( 5 Based on 1 reviews)
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Protect Your Gear
Accidental damage, normalNormal wear and power surges are no longer an issue with these comprehensive and affordable plans. We even pay to ship your gear for repairs. More details.
Covers much more than the original manufacturer's warranty:
Limit of Liability: The least of the cost of (1) authorized repairs, (2) replacement with a product of similar features, (3) reimbursement for authorized repairs or replacement or (4) the price that you paid for the product.
*Limitations and exclusions apply. See terms and conditions for program details
Gauges .009, .011, .016, .24, .32, .42, .58. Round-wound nickel-plated steel. GHS has made the highest quality strings since 1964. The choice of numerous guitar greats.
Replacement of defective strings at discretion of manufacturer.
Now you can get added warranty protection for your new gear. Pro Coverage steps in where the manufacturer's "normal wear and tear" ends. Our PRO COVERAGE program offers you UPGRADED COVERAGE if your product ever fails!
Pro Coverage includes:
GHS boomers have always been my favorite 6 string set, so when I found out that they made 7 string sets, I had to get some. The lights are my favorite gauge. I thought that the low B string being a .58 might be a problem but it's really not. The Boomers are clear, clean and resonant. Excellent feel, tone, and sustain. LOVE THEM!!!
For your convenience, our online inventory has been expanded to include items in our retail locations. Some items may be fulfilled from Guitar Center retail stores*. Items will be inspected to ensure the store has the product you want, in the condition you expect. If not, a store manager will contact you by phone or email within one hour.
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|Alexander McCall Smith: "The Minor Adjustment Beauty Salon"
Event Type: Author Program
Date: 11/11/2013
Start Time: 7:00 PM
End Time: 9:30 PM
In the latest installment of the best-selling No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency series, Mma Ramotswe is asked to help the proprietor of the Minor Adjustment Beauty Salon who fears that someone is trying to sabotage her business. Alexander McCall Smith is the beloved New York Times best-selling author of dozens of novels.Library: Offsite
Location: Unity Temple - Oak Park
Contact: Adult & Teen Services
Contact Number: 708.452.3440


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The Equality Act 2010 replaces the previous anti-discrimination
laws with a single Act. It simplifies the law, removing
inconsistencies and making it easier for people to understand and
comply with it. It also strengthens the law in important
ways, to help tackle discrimination and inequality. The Act
extends protection to people on the grounds of:
Under the Act a new public sector Equality Duty came into force
April 2011. The Duty requires YHN to have due regard to the
need to:
As an ALMO we are not subject to the specific duties.
Meeting the general duty
Our approach to equality and diversity goes beyond meeting legal
obligations under equality legislation. We are committed to
embedding equality and diversity throughout YHN to ensure that we
are providing fair and equitable services that meet the needs of
our customers without discriminating.
We will do this by:
Back to front


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Complaint against Sheriff Johnson sent to FDLE
By JEFFREY POWELL
According to Florida Department of State – Division of Elections personnel, an elections fraud complaint filed last week against Walton County Sheriff Ralph Johnson has been forwarded to the Florida Department of Law enforcement (FDLE). The anonymous complaint stated that Johnson had required deputies to get voter petitions signed for the Sheriff while on duty. The use of patrol cars for the same purposes was alleged.
In a telephone interview Sheriff Johnson adamantly denied the validity of the complaint. The FDLE investigation will be confidential until completed.


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Funding Your Children's College Education
While most parents dream of sending their children to the college of their choosing, the prohibitive and increasing cost of a college education forces many to settle for the most affordable schools or to go the community-college route. In fact, tuition goes up by an average of about 8% per year,1 which means that it will cost a family with a child born today three times more to matriculate than it does a current graduate. By 2036, tuition is expected to consume 24% of a family's overall budget.2
It can be difficult to balance short- and long-term financial goals, but an abundance of guidance, information, individualized savings plans, and financial aid is available to help you accommodate the soaring cost of tuition and fund your children's dream of a quality education. Keep in the mind that you should also be contributing to your retirement plan now—not putting off this important task in favor of funding an education. You can always borrow to pay for a child's education, but there are fewer ways to borrow for your retirement.
Talk to a financial professional to learn about popular educational saving options such as:
- Bonds
- College savings accounts
- Coverdell Education Savings Accounts
- IRAs
- 529 plans
- Trust and gift funds
- Student loans
- Financial aid
This will provide you with a broad-based sense of the types of savings vehicles available to you and their relative risks, returns, and limitations.
1 "On average, tuition tends to increase about 8% per year. An 8% college inflation rate means that the cost of college doubles every nine years. For a baby born today, this means that college costs will be more than three times current rates when the child matriculates in college." (http://www.finaid.org/savings/tuition-inflation.phtml)
2 Overall, the biennial report from the National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education found that college tuition and fees increased 439% from 1982 to 2007 while median family income rose 147%. Patrick M. Callan, president of the center, a nonpartisan organization that promotes access to higher education said that the middle class has been financing college through debt. "Projecting out to 2036, tuition would go from 11% of the family budget to 24% of the family budget, and that's pretty huge," Mr. Shulenburger, the group's vice president for academic affairs and co-author of the report.
The Prudential Insurance Company of America, Newark, NJ


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Margaretville, NY | 845-586-4370
Premiere Limo33 Reviews
Exceeding our customer's expectations for over 25 years!!!
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Private User's review: Thank you for being part of our special day! We loved having Laura M as our driver! (more)
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The Glens Falls Area's Premier Limousine Provider
Glens Falls, NY | 518-743-1710
Anonymous's review: My husband and I used this service during our wedding weekend in June 2012. They were able to accommodate all of our... (more)


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No explosive devices were found at Princeton University following a bomb threat that shut down the campus for more than eight hours Tuesday, officials said.
The campus was re-opened about 6:30 p.m. following a sweep by bomb-sniffing dogs and a search by several state and local law enforcement agencies, according to a statement on the university's website.
Princeton officials received the phone call claiming there were multiple bombs on the Ivy League campus around 9 a.m. and called for the evacuation of the school about an hour later, a university spokesman said.


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Central Bible Church
8889B Sullivan Rd.
Baton Rouge, LA 70818
ph: 225 246 7086 church
alt: 225 270 6837 pastor's cell
As a unique church and a new church in Central we are asked many questions: What is a bible church? What's up with that logo? Are you a part of an association like the SBC? etc. These are more are asked and answered below.
There are only a few Bible Churches in the Baton Rouge area, so it comes as no surprise the people are curious as to what makes a church a Bible Church.
Every Bible Church is both similar and unique. Usually Bible Churches are committed to expository preaching, that is, verse by verse teaching/preaching through books of the Bible. As opposed to topical or textual sermons, expository preaching guarantees that the teaching is authoritative to the extent that the teacher/preacher explains what the Bible says in each verse and helps the congregant apply Scripture's teaching in their lives.
Also, a "Bible Church" is usually committed to personal discipleship. This can manifest in a variety of ways, but there is always a commitment to people growing in the faith. Central Bible Church begins this process with a series of courses in everything from Bible Study Methods, to Church History, to Systematic Theology, to Community Missions (see ministry page for more info).
Bible Churches take seriously the teaching of Scripture that says, "to grow in the grace and knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ" (2 Peter 3:18) and "the knowledge of the faith leads to godliness" (Titus 1:1) and others.
Yes. That is latin, but more importantly it is the core of the protestant faith. Let me provide a brief history.
By the end of the Middle Ages the Church (there was no distinction between various denominations at the time) became so corrupt that they essentially lost the gospel of Jesus Christ and had replaced it with a works based salvation. Salvation was based on the will and works of man as prescribed by the church of that day, clearly contrary to the Word of God (cf. Rom. 9:16)
The Reformation began when Martin Luther nailed his Ninety-Five Theses to the door of the church in Wittenberg, Germany. It was not Luther's initial intention to break away from the Roman Church, but rather to reform it, and there was much that needed reforming. The Church based in Rome rejected their attempt to return to the teaching of Scripture, thus starting the Protestant Reformation -- Protestantism. Luther and the Reformers rightly focused on those matters which were of the greatest importance: The True Teaching of Scripture on Salvation. They are summarized by the five "sola's":
SOLA SCRIPTURA (Scripture Alone) - All authority in the life of the believer, especially in terms of how we can determine the means of salvation rests upon the teaching found in Scripture and Scripture alone, not in the traditions of men or the Church.
SOLA GRATIA (Grace Alone) - Salvation is not accomplished by any will or work of man (Rom. 9:16). Man is dead in sin and cannot contribute any part of his/her salvation (Eph 2:1). Salvation is a gift of God by His grace alone (not of works so that any man should boast (Eph 2:8-9)).
SOLA FIDE (Faith Alone) - Salvation is enacted in the life of a Christian by faith alone. Not in works (Rom 3:28). This does not mean that good works are not necessary in the life of a believer, but that the works are the expression of a salvation already had, not a precondition for salvation(James 2:26).
SOLUS CHRISTUS (Christ Alone) - The object of that faith through which salvation is enacted is found in Christ alone, not in institutions, traditions or works, but in Christ alone (Rom 10:13). His birth, life, death, burial, resurrection, ministry at the right hand of the Father, and His coming judgment.
SOLI DEO GLORIA (Glory of God Alone) - All of salvation, and all of history is for the glory of God alone. Everything is God focused not man focused. Every aspect of human history and creation is put in place for the glory of God, how much more so should the lives of Christians be lived to His glory (1 Cor 10:31).
These are the core of our faith and including them in our logo shows both our commitment to teaching the Word of God, but also shows that Central Bible Church is both connected to and teaches the history of our faith and theology.
Most Bible Churches are independent churches with no formal ties to any denomination. We have explored joining with the Southern Baptist Church, and also the Evangelical Free Church of America. Neither of which would require us to change who we are, but would provide a formal level of support. Both are great organizations with great things to offer, but at this point in the life of Central Bible Church, connection to either organization is unnecessary. With this said, we do connect with other local churches who are part of these and other denominations where we feel we are theologically "on the same page" as us. Central Bible Church recently has joined an association of churches in a network called Grace Advanced. It is based out of Grace Community Church, the pastoral home of Dr. John MacArthur. We happily stand side by side with like minded churches within this fellowship/association.
We'd love you to join us @ 8889B Sullivan Road, B.R., LA 70818 on Sunday mornings 10:00am for coffee and 10:30 for worship. Also, we offer courses throughout the year see DISCIPLESHIP for course descriptions and Contact us for times and locations for course offerings.
You will find a group of individuals who love the Lord, who are committed to His Word, and who genuinely love each other. The age range of our congregation spreads from the seasoned adult to teenagers, and even small children. We pray together, we give together, and we study Scripture together each Sunday morning.
You will not find shallow teaching or "seeker messages." You will find a group eager to learn as the pastor exposits each verse of the text while we slowly work our way through every book of the Bible.
Following a time of worship through song by our worship leader and worship team, the kids are allowed to leave for small group kids church, and we study the "meat" of the Word.
Central Bible Church
8889B Sullivan Rd.
Baton Rouge, LA 70818
ph: 225 246 7086 church
alt: 225 270 6837 pastor's cell


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Roach Gigz f. Danny Brown and DB Tha General, "Drugs (Remix)"
Posted on Oct 14th, 2011
The Fader premiered a new remix to Roach Gigz' "Drugs" featuring our own Danny Brown. DB Tha General is in on the action too. Goombas and Bruisers unite!
The Fader premiered a new remix to Roach Gigz' "Drugs" featuring our own Danny Brown. DB Tha General is in on the action too. Goombas and Bruisers unite!
It's a celebration, beeeeches. We're four! And like we do every year around this time, we're throwing a party to commemorate another year of label-dom. The Fool's Gold 4 Year Anniversary party is going down Saturday, October 22nd at Tribeca Grand in NYC. It's FREE, and will feature performances by our FG fam, friends and even Mr Thugged Out Millatainment himself, N.O.R.E. (WHAT WHAT!)
Make sure to RSVP and we'll see you there! Read More
The Tuesday Brusin' continues, with Black Milk dropping "Zap" off his collab LP with Danny Brown Black & Brown as a Soundcloud freebie. Check their whole EP when it is released November 1st (preorder over at Black Milk's online store).
Download the new mixtape from Dopehead (who can be seen all over the US with Danny Brown on the Das Racist "Relax" tour) for 13 new tracks of Bruiser Brigade-approved boom bap. After the jump, check out the "Airbags" video for a taste. Read More
"I just want people to know what it's actually like here, like Nas did Queensbridge for me when I was a kid."
Check Danny Brown in NPR's "Five Reasons To Pay Attention To Detroit Hip-Hop Now" alongside Royce The 5'9, Big Sean and more. Grab Danny's XXX here, and check him on tour with Das Racist (tonight in St Pete!)
On November 1st, Danny Brown and Black Milk team up for the Black & Brown EP on Fat Beats. Pitchfork has the tracklist and cover art for their Detroit collab (and some props for Danny's solo jam "Brown Eyes" off the Peter Rosenberg What's Poppin mixtape).
Bruiser Brigade representer Dophead steps up with a video for his solo cut "Airbags." Check him rocking with Danny Brown on the "Relax" tour and stay tuned for his upcoming Plaid Palm Trees.
Underground posse cut alert! Check Danny Brown and friends on the remix to Exquire's alternate universe summer jam (and while you're at it, grab his full mixtape over at Mishka's BandCamp).
Photo by Mel D Cole
As the profane gospel of Danny Brown spreads around the globe, more and more good reviews and pieces keep coming in. (You know we like to recap these!) Check out this great feature from the new issue of Spin ("half battle-scarred street rapper, half Station to Station-era David Bowie") as well as their Day Off-centric blog post ("Danny Brown's a guy worth rooting for"), and then see what Fact Magazine had to say about XXX ("completely honest, unrestrained and unmannered…essential listening"). And if you haven't downloaded the album already to judge for yourself…what are you waiting for?
For more Danny, check his guest appearance on the Das Racist album (out now on iTunes – check them on tour this month) and a massive posse cut remix of Mr Muthafuckin Exquire's "Huzzah!" that's a secret track on Exo's new Lost In Translation release with Mishka.
Last week we threw our second annual DAY OFF party in New York City, joined by a few thousand of our friends. Like the last one, only bigger and crazier, it was an amazing day and night, featuring performances from Juicy J, Danny Brown, the Brothers Macklovitch (A-Trak and Dave1), Just Blaze, Cubic Zirconia, Party Supplies, Nick Catchdubs and very special guests ASAP Rocky and DJ Mehdi.
Tons of good folks were there to capture the party: Complex put together the official recap video above, and we've also got more footage after the jump along with some photo favorites. Be sure to check the full galleries and coverage from Mel D Cole (one, two, three), KirillWasHere, Brook Bobbins (one, two), Stereogum, LTD, Bongo Boy, HiFi Cartel, 24 Hr Party People (party + afterparty), Jungle Gym, TechieNYC (one, two, three, four), Podgeopedia, Shea Whitey, Brock Fetch (scroll down), Billboard, Miss Info, CMJ, Paper Magazine, Mister Mort with the fashion favorites and Village Voice with the play-by-play (TMZ even got in on the action with Chromeo). Thanks again to all friends and party people, the City Winery crew and our production team at Cake Or Death, and our sponsors Adidas, Scion and Bushmills. See you again next year… Read More


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About MLMIF
News and updates
Photo & Video Galleries
Contact Us
How to help ›
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Our Foundation
About Us
Phd. María Luisa de Moreno
Presidente & Fundadora
Maria Luisa de Moreno International Foundation
In the year 2000, Maria Luisa de Moreno Foundation was established in Colombia with the desire of serving and improving the quality of life for the most susceptible segments of the community.
It's chairperson, María Luisa de Moreno, a native Colombian with over 30 years of social service, saw the opportunity of providing social assistance to the disadvantaged in her country.
In seeking the best way to serve her community, the Foundation was created to bring families together through the integration of educational programs that strengthen family values, life skills and professional capacities to help underdeveloped communities become a part of a more progressive society.
By the year 2007, after a successful record of accomplishments in Colombia, the Foundation took an unprecedented step and began María Luisa de Moreno International Foundation, Inc., "MLMIF" establishing it's headquarter office in Davie, FL.
MLMIF focuses on collaborating with governmental services and other non-profit agencies that cater to the immigrant community regardless of their country of origin. We offer support through social programs that will give immigrants access to a higher education; so that they could obtain a better quality of life and ultimately become less dependant on governmental financial aid.
In this section
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To Help provide the necessary tools to meet family's needs to generate self-improvement for a better quality of life.


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Mark McDougal of the Portland law firm Kafoury & McDougal interviewed advanced registered nurse practitioner Kelly Bell, owner of the Payette Clinic, in July 2011. McDougal allowed The Columbian to review Bell's sworn deposition for this story. The law firm has multiple lawsuits, including wrongful death, pending against Bell and other staff at the Payette Clinic.
Bell, through her attorney Don Grant of Vancouver, declined to participate or comment for this story, due to pending litigation.
• April 2005: Kelly Bell and Scott Pecora receive a business license from the state of Washington and open the Payette Clinic in the VanMall neighborhood.
• December 2008: Rachel Daggett, an Oregon high school senior, dies from an oxycodone overdose. She bought the pill from a Payette patient.
• March 2009: The Drug Enforcement Administration raids the Payette Clinic as part of an investigation sparked by complaints.
• March 2009: Kelly Bell, Scott Pecora and Penny Steers surrender their privileges to prescribe controlled substances and other narcotics to the DEA.
• December 2009: The Washington Nursing Quality Care Assurance Commission suspends Kelly Bell's privileges to prescribe Schedule II drugs for 24 months.
• January 2010: Kelly Bell and Scott Pecora receive a business license in the Payette Clinic's new name, Walnut Grove Medical & Mental Health.
• August 2010: The Walnut Grove Medical & Mental Health clinic moves to 300 W. 39th St., in the Lincoln neighborhood.
• January 2011: The Washington State Department of Health opens an investigation into Kelly Bell, Scott Pecora and Penny Steers. The investigation remains open.
The three nurse practitioners linked to a teenager's overdose death and investigated for overprescribing narcotic medications could have their prescription pads back in hand.
The advanced registered nurse practitioners who operated Vancouver's Payette Clinic -- Kelly Bell, Scott Pecora and Penny Steers -- are eligible to reapply for the ability to prescribe narcotics and other controlled substances to patients.
That's despite nearly 60 complaint cases filed against them with the state Department of Health, despite allegations of excessive prescribing and despite the death of a high school senior who overdosed on oxycodone prescribed to a Payette patient.
It's despite a Drug Enforcement Administration investigation that ultimately shut down the clinic's prescribing operations in March 2009.
It's despite Washington State Department of Health sanctions against Bell for unprofessional conduct. The state stripped her of her privileges to prescribe Schedule II drugs -- such as oxycodone, morphine and methadone -- for two years. That suspension period ended last month.
And it's despite an ongoing state Health Department investigation into Bell, Pecora and Steers. Health officials launched the probe in January 2011 and have no time line for its completion.
Inside Payette
The state of Washington issued Bell a registered nursing license in October 1981, and for two decades, Bell worked as a nurse in various hospitals.
In December 2000, Bell completed her master's degree with an emphasis in family practice at Washington State University Vancouver. The following summer, the state of Washington issued Bell an advanced registered nurse practitioner license, which also gave Bell the authority to prescribe controlled substances in the state.
In 2001, the Drug Enforcement Administration granted her the ability to prescribe narcotic medications. At the time, Bell was working at the Clark County Jail and prescribing "very little" opioids, Bell said in her deposition.
In 2004, the jail revoked Bell's security clearance, causing her to be terminated from her job. She then went to work at Fisher's Landing Urgent & Family Care before being fired a year later. In April 2005, Bell and Pecora received a business license from the state of Washington and opened the Payette Clinic in the VanMall neighborhood.
The duo operated the Payette Clinic as a medical and mental health clinic. Nurse practitioners are independent providers and don't need to work under the authority of a physician. At its height, the clinic had 2,500 patients. Of those, according to Bell, 700 to 900 were pain patients.
Trina Munson was one of those pain patients. The Vancouver woman first started seeing Bell at the Fisher's Landing clinic and followed Bell to the Payette Clinic.
Munson was a patient of Bell's for about two years. In that time, Munson said she was never given an X-ray or MRI, never had lab work or a physical exam performed and had only two urinalyses.
What Munson did get was prescriptions from Bell for daily doses of more than 1,800 milligrams of controlled substances.
As word of the liberal prescribing practices at the Payette Clinic spread, the clinic's client base grew.
Munson recalled arriving at the Payette Clinic for appointments to find people waiting in the parking lot for Bell to open the doors. New patients knew they could hand over $400 cash and, with no previous medical records, walk out of the clinic with a prescription for narcotics, Munson said.
In her July deposition, Bell said she did not have a policy about obtaining a patient's prior medical records before treating them at the Payette Clinic.
In fact, Bell never had any written procedures for staff to follow when working with pain patients, according to her deposition.
The clinic did not have guidelines regarding the amount of opiates to be prescribed to patients nor did it have guidelines for identifying addiction in patients, Bell said.
Bell considered pain contracts a teaching tool and would sometimes use them if she believed a patient would be on pain medication for a long time. The nurse practitioners used their discretion on whether to monitor patient usage with urinalyses and pill counts, Bell said.
Bell also admitted in her deposition to altering prescription directions in order to get insurance coverage. Munson said her office visits were billed to her insurance as obstetrician appointments.
State investigates
While the Payette Clinic operated in relative obscurity, as far the general public was concerned, Bell, Pecora and Steers were familiar to the Washington State Department of Health.
Since 2005, the state has opened 36 complaint cases into Bell's conduct, as well as 17 cases into Steers and six cases into Pecora. The complaints came from patients' family members, the DEA, Washington State Department of Labor & Industries, Washington State Department of Social and Health Services, Medicare and Medicaid, other providers and pharmacists.
Numerous complaints accused Bell of prescribing excessive amounts of narcotics.
Bell said repeatedly, in her deposition and in response to complaints filed with the state, that there is no prescription ceiling for opioids.
In response to one complaint, Bell wrote, "The doses may be considered 'high' by clinicians (physicians and pharmacists) who do not specialize in chronic pain management. In this community, it seems perfectly fine to write for handfuls of Vicodin and Norco (acetaminophen and hydrocodone), but not for a reasonable amount of pure opioid."
She went on to complain about being investigated.
"It is emotionally draining to be examined, questioned and complained against," she wrote.
One complaint attributed the overdose deaths of three patients to Bell's prescribing. The state, however, didn't find evidence that Bell was responsible for any deaths, said Mary Dale, discipline manager for the Washington Nursing Quality Care Assurance Commission.
Pharmacists from numerous local pharmacies questioned the legitimate need for such large quantities of narcotics and voiced concern for Bell's patients.
"We provide medications for mental health patients, residents of adult foster homes, residents of assisted living facilities and hospice patients throughout Clark County and other areas. We are not seeing prescriptions of this magnitude being written by other prescribers for other patients," one pharmacist wrote to officials.
"I do not see any attempt for pain management or treating physical dependence," another wrote. "I strongly believe she is jeopardizing the health care of her patients and/or disregarding her oath of ethical practice."
Despite all of the complaints, the 2009 action is the only time the nursing commission sanctioned Bell. Neither Steers nor Pecora have been sanctioned by the nursing commission.
None of the providers lost the ability to work as advanced registered nurse practitioners.
Bell and Pecora reopened the Payette Clinic under a new name, Walnut Grove Medical & Mental Health, and continue to serve pain patients but without prescribing narcotic drugs.
The clinic's website said it offers pain therapies that use injections -- either of one's own plasma or a saline solution -- into painful sites such as joints, ligaments or tendons. The fluid is supposed to tighten loose joints and heal the area, according to the clinic.
In August 2010, Bell and Pecora relocated the clinic to 300 W. 39th St. in Vancouver's Lincoln neighborhood.
Official action
In March 2009, Bell, Pecora and Steers all voluntarily surrendered their DEA registrations. The voluntary action was in lieu of the DEA taking the practitioners to court to suspend the privileges.
The DEA did not impose a waiting period before Bell, Pecora or Steers could reapply for their prescribing privileges. None of the practitioners currently has narcotic prescription-writing privileges, but it's unclear if they have reapplied. The DEA does not confirm or deny the existence of open investigations, said Special Agent Jodie Underwood, spokeswoman for the DEA's Seattle office.
In December 2009, the state nursing commission suspended Bell's privileges to prescribe Schedule II drugs for 24 months. In order to get her privileges back, the commission ordered Bell to complete approved graduate-level coursework in pain management.
In her July deposition, Bell said she did not have any interest in prescribing Schedule II controlled substances "at this point." However, she has completed some courses that would meet the requirements set by the state.
As of late January, Bell had not petitioned the nursing commission to have her privileges reinstated, said Dale, the commission's discipline manager.
Because Pecora and Steers were never sanctioned, nothing is stopping them from reapplying for prescribing privileges from the DEA, the state's Dale said.
New rules
The fallout from the Payette Clinic sent ripples throughout Clark County, but it also sparked action at the state level.
In 2010, Washington lawmakers passed Engrossed Substitute House Bill 2876, calling for new prescribing rules. State Rep. Jim Moeller, D-Vancouver, who has worked as an addiction counselor for more than 25 years, sponsored the bill as a result of the Payette Clinic.
The bill directed the five governing boards and commissions for Washington practitioners to adopt uniform rules concerning the management of chronic pain not caused by cancer. The rules recently went into effect.
The new rules require a patient evaluation and complete history of pain treatment, a written treatment plan and a written agreement for treatment. The rules also require prescribers of long-acting opioids or methadone to have completed at least four hours of specialized training.
One of the bigger changes is the requirement of a pain specialist consultation. Prescribers with a patient who reaches an established threshold (120 milligrams of a morphine equivalent per day) must seek a pain specialist consultation under the new rules.
In addition, the state launched last month a prescription monitoring program for pain medication and other controlled substances. Physicians, pharmacists and law enforcement officers have access the secure database that tracks the prescriptions.
Payette's reputation
The chilling effect of the Payette Clinic is still evident in Clark County.
Utter the clinic's name to emergency department physicians, police officers, pharmacists or pain specialists, and expressions become either solemn, critical or defensive.
But, according to Bell, she did nothing improper or inappropriate when it came to caring for her patients and writing prescriptions.
"I believe I did the best I could with the information that I had available to me at the time in the literature with a very complicated group of people," she said.


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Campus Calendar23
"Oddly Normal" Book Talk with New York Times' Correspondent John Schwartz
Gates Common Room
third floor of Palmer Hall, 1025 N. Cascade Ave. (east of Tutt Library) (map)
DescriptionPresentation A FREE book talk and discussion with New York Times reporter and author of Oddly Normal: One Family's Struggle to Help Their Teenage Son Come to Terms with His Sexuality, John Schwartz. Oddly Normal is the memoir of a father who knows early on that his son is different. The author shares his families challenges with educators that aim to define their son as an outsider, how they handle the "should we just ask him if he's gay" question, and talks about loving our children, especially when they do not yet know how to love themselves. Reading by Schwartz at 5:30. Panel hosted by Inside Out Youth Services and PFLAG 6:30 to 7:30 with information on local family acceptance and safe schools work. This event is free of charge and that tickets are not necessary, but seating is limited so please RSVP to email@example.com Check out Schwartz interviewed by NPR's Terry Gross: http://www.npr.org/2012/11/05/164201946/an-oddly-normal-outcome-for-a-singular-child


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Posted at: 07/29/2013 6:36 PM
By: Stuart Dyson, KOB Eyewitness News 4
Only a tiny fraction of people in the Albuquerque metro area use public transportation to get to work – so says the U.S. Census Bureau – but city transit officials are skeptical about that, to say the least.
In fact, the ABQ RIDE bus system is averaging more than a million passengers a month. Ridership has been climbing since 2007 and shows no sign of slowing down.
Brianna Sanchez takes the bus to work.
"With the gas prices going up, it's almost what, four dollars now? It's cheaper just to buy a day pass for two dollars," Sanchez said while waiting for a bus at the main terminal downtown.
ABQ RIDE officials just don't buy the Census figures.
"It's unreal because we have been on the up and up and up," said ABQ RIDE information officer Rick DeReyes. "More People taking public transportation in Albuquerque than ever before, so to be confronted with something like this is mind-blowing!"
In fact city buses haul a lot of people who aren't necessarily going to work – students, for example.
"I basically live on the northeast side of town," said Marcus McGee. "I'm a student at ABU Barber Academy, and it's a dollar so the fare is very affordable and very good."
"Being a student, you're able to get free bus passes just by using your student ID," said CNM student Kay Chee. "It makes it super-convenient."
The Census Bureau found more people walking to work than riding the bus in the Albuquerque metro. Nobody we talked to believes that.
In 2012, Albuquerque's bus system had more than 13 million passengers – a new record.


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Definitions for =$word?>
Overview of verb sinter
The verb sinter has 1 senses? (no senses from tagged texts)
1. sinter
(cause (ores or powdery metals) to become a coherent mass by heating without melting)
Overview of adj sintered
The adj sintered has 1 senses? (first 1 from tagged texts)
1. (1) sintered
(formed into a mass by heat and pressure)