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Magnetorheological (MR) fluid dampers are optimized. Dimensional relationships involved in the flow of magnetic flux are related to an operational parametric ratio of magnetic flux density in the fluid to the flux density in the steel. A magnetic valve is utilized to change the flow parameters of the MR fluid and, hence, the operational characteristics of the damper. Several embodiments depicting improved piston designs, including spool as well as toroidal configurations, are disclosed. In addition, both single and twin-tube housing designs are presented.
1. Apparatus for variably damping motion which employs a magnetorheological fluid, said apparatus comprising:
a) a housing for containing a volume of magnetorheological fluid;
b) a piston adapted for movement within said fluid-containing housing, said piston
i) being comprised of a ferrous metal,
ii) incorporating therein a number N of windings of an electrically conductive wire defining a coil which produces magnetic flux in and around said piston, and
iii) being configured such that ##EQU14## where Acore =a minimum lateral cross-sectional area of said piston within said coil,
Apath =a minimum lateral cross-sectional area of magnetically permeable material defining a return path for said magnetic flux,
Apole =a surface area of a magnetic pole of said piston,
Bopt =an optimum magnetic flux density for said magnetorheological fluid,
Bknee =a magnetic flux density at which said ferrous metal begins to become saturated;
c) valve means associated with one of said housing and said piston for controlling movement of said magnetorheological fluid.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the return path for said magnetic flux comprises a portion of said piston outside said coil.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein said housing has an inner diameter DI and an outer diameter DO and ##EQU15##
4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein said piston includes a baffle plate having a diameter DB, a hole through said baffle plate having a diameter DN, an entrance hole in the piston having a diameter DH, and a diameter DP such that ##EQU16##
5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein ##EQU17## is >0.4.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said housing is comprised of a magnetically permeable material and said return path for said magnetic flux is at least partially through said housing.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein said housing further comprises a sleeve encompassing an inner portion of said housing through which said piston moves to enlarge the cross-sectional area, Apath.
8. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein said piston comprises a generally cylindrically shaped member with a diameter D and a length L.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein said housing has an inner diameter DI and an outer diameter DO and ##EQU18##
10. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein said piston comprises a spool-shaped member in which a central portion of said spool receives the N windings of said coil.
11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein said central portion has a diameter Dcore, each flange portion has a thickness Lg and a diameter Dpole such that ##EQU19##
12. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein Bopt =Jopt +μo H where
Jopt is defined as the point at which the slope of the J2 vs H curve is ##EQU20## J being a magnetic polarization of said magnetorheological fluid, μo is a magnetic permeability constant, and H is a magnetizing force applied to the magnetorheological fluid.
13. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said valve means is formed in said piston, a current level in said coil being used to control the amount of magnetorheological fluid flowing through said valve means.
14. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein said valve means comprise a plurality of slots extending substantially radially and longitudinally through said piston.
15. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein said valve means comprises a gap which extends at least partially circumferentially about said piston relative to said housing.
16. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said housing further comprises a twin-tube, said piston being adapted for movement within a first inner tube and a second outer tube being fluidically interconnected to said first inner tube by two sets of apertures.
17. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein one set of apertures is formed as an opening adjacent an end of said first inner tube and in a cylindrical magnetic element.
18. The apparatus of claim 17 further comprising a cylindrical magnetic element associated with each of said two sets of apertures.
19. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a first scraper mounted in an upper portion of said housing for engaging a portion of a piston rod attached to said piston, and a seal also engaging said piston rod, said scraper and seal cooperating to retain said magnetorheological fluid within said housing.
20. Apparatus for variably damping motion using a magnetorheological fluid, said apparatus comprising
a) a housing element for containing a volume of magnetorheological fluid, said housing including a first inner tube and a second outer tube;
b) means to fluidically interconnect said first and second tubes, said means including at least one first opening near a first end of said first and second tubes and at least one second opening near a second end of said first and second tubes;
c) a piston mounted upon a piston rod for movement within said first tube;
d) valve means for controlling flow of said magnetorheological fluid associated with at least one of said first and second openings, said valve means including
i) passageway means through which said magnetorheological fluid flows;
ii) a magnetic coil for altering at least one flow characteristic of said magnetorheological fluid within said housing element to control a flow rate at which said fluid passes through said passageway means;
e) pressure relief means for preventing fluid pressure buildup within said housing.
21. The apparatus of claim 20 wherein said pressure relief means comprises an accumulator for accommodating fluid expansion and fluid displaced by said piston rod.
22. The apparatus of claim 20 wherein said pressure relief means comprises at least one check valve.
23. The apparatus of claim 22 wherein said magnetic coil comprises a plurality of toroidally wound magnetic segments and said valve means comprise a plurality of slots which extend substantially radially and longitudinally in between said toroidally wound magnetic segments.
24. Apparatus for variably damping motion using a magnetorheological fluid, said apparatus comprising
a) a housing containing a volume of magnetorheological fluid;
b) a piston for movement in said housing through said magnetorheological fluid;
c) valve means for controlling movement of said magnetorheological fluid within said housing, said valve means including
i) a magnetic coil formed as a plurality of toroidally wound magnet segments for altering at least one flow characteristic of said magnetorheological fluid;
ii) a plurality of openings formed between said segments of said coil through which said magnetorheological fluid flows.
25. The apparatus of claim 24 wherein said plurality of toroidally wound magnet segments are formed on said piston.
26. The apparatus of claim 25 wherein each of said plurality of openings comprises a slot extending substantially radially and longitudinally between said toroidally wound magnet segments.
27. The apparatus of claim 24 further comprising a twin-tube housing where said plurality of toroidally wound magnetic segments are positioned adjacent one end of a first inner tube of said twin-tube housing.
28. The apparatus of claim 27 further comprising valve means including a plurality of torodially wound segments positioned adjacent each end of said first inner tube of said twin-tube housing.
This application is a sister application of Ser. No. 07/900,567 filed contemporaneously herewith.
Incompressible fluids have been used in shock absorbers and other dampers, as well as in elastomeric mounts, for decades. The use of controllable fluids, electrorheological (ER) and magneto-rheological (MR) fluids, in dampers, was first proposed in the early 1950's by Winslow in U.S. Pat. No. 2,661,596. The use of a controllable fluid in a damper affords some intriguing possibilities relative to providing widely varying damping for varying conditions encountered by the damper. Nonetheless, the use of controllable fluids was generally restricted to the area of clutches, with a few exceptions, until the mid-1980's.
Interest in the use of controllable fluids revived in the 1980's as activity in the area of controllable dampers increased. Most of the resurgent activity has occurred relative to ER dampers and associated fluids. While interest and development of ER fluid devices continues, performance of such systems have been disappointing from three standpoints:
1) the damping forces that can be generated by an ER fluid device are limited due to the relatively low yield strengths of the available fluids;
2) ER fluids are susceptible to contamination which significantly degrades performance; and,
3) the strong electric fields required by ER fluids necessitate complicated and expensive high-voltage power supplies and complex control systems.
Faced with these performance restrictions and searching for a technological breakthrough to overcome them, Applicants turned to MR fluids with renewed interest and sought to optimize systems employing them. MR fluids inherently have higher yield strengths and are, therefore, capable of generating greater damping forces. Further, contamination does not pose the performance degradation threat for MR fluids that it does for ER fluids. Still further, MR fluids are activated by magnetic fields which are easily produced by simple, low-voltage electromagnetic coils.
It is therefore among the objects of the present invention to provide an MR damper with improved performance characteristics. Enhancements include:
defining dimensional/operational relationships which provide improved performance;
devising piston designs in which the flow path for the magnetic flux is entirely contained within the piston itself;
providing an improved twin-tube cylinder design capable of use (with some modification) with either the self-contained or spool piston;
significantly reducing or eliminating MR fluid losses from the damper;
providing an improved fluid valve for controlling the flow of the MR fluid to produce the desired damping forces.
These and other objects of the invention are accomplished by an apparatus for variably damping motion using an MR fluid. The apparatus includes a housing for containing a volume of MR fluid; a piston adapted for movement within the housing, the piston being formed of ferrous metal, having a number, N, of windings of conductive wire incorporated therein to define a coil that produces magnetic flux in and around the piston; and having a configuration in which ##EQU1## where Acore is a minimum lateral cross-sectional area of the piston within the coil, Apath is a minimum lateral cross-sectional area of magnetically permeable material defining a return path for the magnetic flux, Apole is the surface area of the piston's magnetic pole, Bopt is an optimum magnetic flux density for the MR fluid, and Bknee is a magnetic flux density at which the ferrous metal begins to saturate.
The housing may be provided with a sleeve of ferrous material to increase the cross-sectional area of the return flow path for the magnetic flux, Apath, for configurations in which the return path for the magnetic flux is through the housing. Alternatively, the housing may be a twin-tube design; the magnet may be formed on a spool-shaped piston or wound as a toroid thereon; the magnet could be positioned within the twin-tube housing rather than on the piston; loss of MR fluid can be prevented by topping the damper with a less dense fluid, using a scraper and seal combination, or using a sealless design. The piston may be formed from conventional ferrous materials (in either solid or laminate form) or from powdered metals. These features may be embodied in a mount as well as in a damper.
Other features, advantages and characteristics of the present invention will become apparent after a reading of the following detailed description.
FIG. 1 is a side view in partial section of a first embodiment of the MR damper of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged side view in partial section of the piston assembly depicted in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is schematic side view in partial section depicting the dimensional relationships of the first embodiment, the internal details being omitted for simplicity and clarity;
FIG. 4(a) is a graphic plot of flux density (B) vs magnetic field strength (H) for a particular MR fluid;
FIG. 4(b) is a plot of Bintrinsic (J) vs field strength H for the same MR fluid;
FIG. 4(c) is a plot of J2 vs H for the same MR fluid;
FIG. 4(d) is a plot of flux density (B) vs field strength (H) for a steel used in making the piston and housing of the present invention;
FIG. 4(e) is a plot of flux density (B) vs field strength (H) for a powdered metal used in making the piston and housing of the present invention;
FIG. 5(a) is a peak force (F) vs peak velocity (V) plot for different levels of current for a first damper configuration, with extension forces being shown as having negative values;
FIG. 5(b) is a peak force vs peak velocity plot for different levels of current for a second configuration which does not meet the preferred criteria for Apath /Apole with extension forces being shown as having negative values;
FIG. 5(c) is a peak force vs peak velocity plot for different levels of current for a third configuration which does not meet the preferred criteria for Acore /Apole with extension forces being shown as having negative values;
FIG. 6(a) is a peak force (F) vs current (A) plot for the first configuration operated at a stroke rate of 0.2 Hz and an amplitude of �1.0 in. (peak velocity is 1.3 in./sec) with extension forces being shown as having negative values;
FIG. 6(b) is a peak force vs current plot for the second configuration operated at a stroke rate of 0.2 Hz and an amplitude of �1.0 in. (peak velocity is 1.3 in./sec) with extension forces being shown as having negative values;
FIG. 6(c) is a peak force vs current plot for the third configuration operated at a stroke rate of 0.23 Hz and an amplitude of �1.0 in. (peak velocity is 1.5 in./sec) with extension forces being shown as having negative values;
FIG. 7 is a top view of a piston having a plurality of toroidally wound magnet sections, with the rod sectioned;
FIG. 8 is an isometric view partially in section of the piston of FIG. 7;
FIGS. 9(a), 9(b), 9(c) and 9(d) are cross-sectional side views of first through fourth piston embodiments with incorporated internal valve structure;
FIG. 10(a) is a cross-sectional side view of a first twin-tube housing configuration;
FIG. 10(b) is a cross-sectional side view of a second twin-tube housing configuration;
FIG. 10(c) is a cross-sectional side view of a third twin-tube housing configuration employing two magnetic valves;
FIG. 11(a) is a schematic cross-sectional side view of a first sealless design;
FIG. 11(b) is a schematic cross-sectional side view of a second sealless design;
FIG. 11(c) is a schematic cross-sectional side view of a third sealless design;
FIG. 12(a) is a schematic cross-sectional side view of a first mount configuration employing an MR fluid; and,
FIG. 12(b) is a schematic cross-sectional side view of a second mount configuration employing an MR fluid.
A first embodiment of the damper of the present invention is depicted in FIG. 1 generally at 16. Damper 16 is made up of two principal components: housing 20 and piston 30. Housing 20 contains a volume of magnetorheological (MR) fluid 18. One fluid which has shown itself to be particularly well-suited for this application consists of carbonyl iron particles suspended in silicone oil. This MR fluid has a relative magnetic permeability between 3 and 15 at a magnetic flux density of 0.002 tesla (20 gauss). An MR damper has two principal modes of operation: sliding plate and flow (or valve) modes. Components of both modes will be present in every MR damper, with the force component of the flow mode dominating.
Housing 20 is a generally cylindrical tube with a first closed end 22 with an attachment eye 24 associated therewith. A cylindrical sleeve 25 may be affixed to the inner cylinder by any conventional means (e.g., press fit, welding, adhesive) to increase the cross-sectional surface area of housing 20, as will be discussed in greater detail hereafter. A second, or open, end of the cylinder is closed by end member 26. A first seal 27 extends about the outer periphery of member 26 to prevent fluid leakage between housing 20 and member 26. A second annular seal 28 is housed in a groove in the inner periphery of member 26 and seals against shaft 32. A scraper 29 can be used to wipe the MR fluid off the surface of shaft 32 so as to minimize loss of MR fluid past seal 28. As an additional means of preventing fluid loss, the upper regions of housing 20 can be filled with a second fluid which is immiscible with MR fluid or which can be separated from the MR fluid volume 18 by a floating baffle or rolling diaphragm (not shown).
Housing 20 is provided with a floating piston 21 to separate the MR fluid volume 18 from pressurized accumulator 23. While a floating piston 21 is shown, other types of accumulators can be used and, in fact, a flexible rolling diaphragm of the type shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,811,819 is actually preferred. Accumulator 23 is necessary to accommodate fluid displaced by piston rod 32 as well as to allow for thermal expansion of the fluid.
The first embodiment of piston assembly 30 is shown in greater detail in FIG. 2. Piston head 34 is spool shaped having an upper outwardly extending flange 36 and a lower outwardly extending flange 38. Coil 40 is wound upon spool-shaped piston head 34 between upper flange 36 and lower flange 38. Piston head 34 is made of a magnetically permeable material, such as low carbon steel, for example. Guide rails 42 are attached around the outside of piston head 34 at particular intervals. As shown in FIG. 1 and 2, four guide rails 42 are shown spaced uniformly about the periphery of piston head 34. Piston head 34 is formed with a smaller maximum diameter (in this case, Dpole, in FIG. 3) than the inner diameter, DI of housing 20. The external surfaces of guides 42 are contoured (radiused) to engage the inner diameter DI of housing 20. Guides 42 are made of non-magnetic material (e.g., bronze, brass, nylon, or Teflon� polymer) and maintain piston centered within gap `g`. In this embodiment, gap g (in conjunction with coil 40) functions as a valve to control the flow of MR fluid 18 past piston 34.
Electrical connection is made to coil 40 through piston rod 32 by lead wires 45 and 47. A first wire 45 is connected to a first end of an electrically conductive rod 48 which extends through piston rod 32 to Phono-jack connector 46. The center connection of Phono-jack 46 is connected to a first end 39 of coil 40. The second end 41 of the windings of coil 40 is attached to a "ground" connection on the outside of Phono-jack 46. The electrical return path, then, includes piston rod 32 and the ground lead 47. The upper end of piston rod 32 has threads 44 formed thereon to permit attachment of damper 16, as depicted in FIG. 1. An external power supply, which provides a current in the range of 0-4 amps at a voltage of 12-24 volts, depending upon application, is connected to the leads 45 and 47. An epoxy bushing 49 keeps rod 48 isolated from return path through piston rod 32. The cavity surrounding conductive rod 48 may also be filled with epoxy. The outer surface of coil 40 may be coated with epoxy paint as a protective measure.
The damper 16 of this first embodiment functions as a Coulomb or Bingham type damper, i.e., this configuration approximates an ideal damper in which the force generated is independent of piston velocity and large forces can be generated with low or zero velocity. This independence improves controllability of the damper making the force a function of the magnetic field strength, which is a function of current flow in the circuit.
FIG. 3 schematically depicts the dimensional relationships of the damper 16. The minimum diameter of the spool-shaped piston head 34 is the diameter of the core, Dcore, and the diameter of the coil 40 is Dcoil while the length of the coil 40 is Lcoil. As already noted, the gap or valve has a thickness g and the length of the pole is the width of flanges 36 and 38, which is also the length Lg of gap g. The inside diameter of housing 20 is DI, the outside diameter is Do, the maximum diameter of the piston is Dpole ##EQU2##
Efforts to optimize the performance of this embodiment of MR damper has led to identifying several key relationships interrelating dimensions to its operational parameters. In basic terms, the flow of magnetic flux will be heavily dependent on several critical "bottlenecks" in the flow path:
Acore --the minimum lateral cross-sectional area of piston head 34 within the windings of coil 40, having a value of ##EQU3## Apath --a minimum lateral cross-sectional area of magnetically permeable material defining a return path for magnetic flux, having a value of ##EQU4## Apole --a surface area of a magnetic pole of the piston, having a value of π Dpole Lg.
One design consideration is to minimize the amount of steel, i.e., to make Acore and Apath as small as possible. However, it has been found that the ratio of the bottlenecks Acore, and Apath to Apole should be greater than a minimum threshold value defined by the ratio of the magnetic field strengths in the MR fluid and damper materials giving rise to a competing design consideration. That ratio is ##EQU5## where Bopt is an optimum magnetic flux density in the MR fluid and Bknee is the magnetic flux density at which the ferrous metal begins to become saturated.
The value for Bopt can be better understood by turning to FIGS. 4(a)-(c). FIG. 4(a) is the plot of the responsiveness of the MR fluid earlier described to magnetic field strength (magnetic flux density B vs magnetic field strength H). The magnetic flux density B has two component parts: Bintrinsic, that is, solely attributable to the fluid, and a magnetic field component having a value of μo H, where μo is a magnetic permeability constant, and H is the strength of the magnetic field which can be approximated by multiplying the number of turns N in coil 40 times the current I through coil 40 divided by twice the gap g. Bintrinsic, or the magnetic polarization J, as it is also known, is equal to the total flux density B less the component attributable to the field strength. That is,
Bintrinsic =J=B-μo H
FIG. 4(b) is a plot of J vs H for the same MR fluid represented in FIG. 4(a). It is difficult to identify, with any precision, where the optimum operational point is for this MR fluid by looking only at FIG. 4(b). The curve suggests that there is a non-linear increase in the value of B for H values between 100,000 and 318,000 A/m (1300 and 4000 oersteds). A more definitive method of determining a value of B opt is to plot the square of J vs H. This curve is shown in FIG. 4(c). B opt is associated with the field strength H at which the slope of the J2 vs H curve ##EQU6## equals ##EQU7## that is at the point of tangency to the curve for the curve's secant tangent. For this MR fluid and, indeed, for many of the fluids which have been tested, Bopt occurs at a value of H=100,000 A/m (1300 oersteds), and for this fluid has a value of 0.635 tesla (6350 gauss) as seen in FIG. 4(a).
While this is a valid operational criteria, it is desirable to have as much energy in the fluid as possible and as little in the steel; that is, operationally we would like the ratio of ##EQU8## to be as large as possible where Ef is the energy in the fluid and Es is the energy in the steel. Ef and Es are given by the following expressions:
Ef= 1/2BfH fV f
where V f is the operational volume of fluid, and
Es= 1/2BsH fV s
where V s is the operational volume of the steel. ##EQU9## where Ls is the length of the entire flux path through the steel.
The damper 16 must be operated below B knee for the steel as shown in FIG. 4(d), for conventional steels and FIG. 4(e) for powdered metals. It is readily apparent that Hs, and hence Es, go up quite rapidly for increases in H above the value corresponding to Bknee with little or no increase in the flux density, B. From FIG. 4(d), Bknee has a value of 1.4 tesla (14000 gauss). By way of example, then, for this MR fluid and this steel, the ratio of Bopt to Bknee has a value of 0.454. More generally, this ratio should be greater than 0.4. The dimensional parametric ratios should be greater than or equal to this critical value. The value for powdered metals will be larger since Bknee occurs at a smaller value.
The Bopt taken from FIG. 4(c) represents a minimum value. Bopt can have higher values than B=0.635 tesla, so long as the flux density in the steel is not greater than Bknee and as long as the ratio ##EQU10## remains equal to or less than the bottleneck ratios, ##EQU11## By increasing Bopt above 0.635 tesla (6350 gauss), up to a maximum of about 1.011 tesla (10,110 gauss) at H=279,000 A/m (3500 oersted) for this configuration, more energy is input to the fluid while maintaining these desired operational parameters. This increases the ratio ##EQU12## enhancing performance. What these relationships really tell the damper designer is that beyond a certain point, it is necessary to depart from rule 1 (minimize Acore and Apath) in order to permit additional energy to be input into the fluid, rather than operating the damper in an inefficient operational zone (e.g., above Bknee).
In order to demonstrate the importance of these relationships, three dampers were constructed and tested. The dimensions of these dampers are shown in Table I.
TABLE I______________________________________Damper #1 Damper #2 Damper #3______________________________________Dcore 34 mm 30 mm 30 mmDpole 43 mm 42 mm 42 mmDo 57.2 mm 57.2 mm 57.2 mmDI 46 mm 46 mm 46 mmLg 10 mm 8.8 mm 15 mmN 199 turns of 23 125 turns of 22 125 turns of 22 gauge wire gauge wire gauge wireAcore 908 mm2 707 mm2 707 mm2Apole 1350 mm2 1161 mm2 1978 mm2Apath 908 mm2 908 mm2 908 mm2 ##STR1## 0.673 0.608 0.357 ##STR2## 0.673 0.260 0.459______________________________________
As was mentioned earlier, one desirable characteristic of an MR damper is for it to be velocity independent. FIGS. 5(a)-(c) establish that a damper made in accordance with these parameters achieve velocity independence. The three dampers used to construct Table I were tested under substantially similar conditions and the results are plotted in FIGS. 5(a)-(c), respectively. Damper 1 meets the criteria for both ratios of A core and Apath to Apole, (i.e., both values are equal to or exceed 0.454), while Damper 2 is below specification for Apath and Damper 3 is below specification for Acore. As the FIGS. 5(a)-(c) indicate, the performance for Damper 1 is substantially velocity independent, while those for Dampers 2 and 3 are not (as is indicated by the slope of the curves). Further, the optimized configuration of Damper 1 is capable of achieving significantly higher compression (positive) and extension (negative) forces for the same levels of current, as compared to those achievable by Dampers 2 and 3.
These results are confirmed by the plots shown in FIGS. 6(a)-(c) wherein force is plotted vs current for these same three dampers for substantially similar stroke rates and stroke lengths. Specifically, FIG. 6(a) for Damper 1 and FIG. 6(b) for Damper 2 were taken at a stroke rate of 0.20 Hz, an amplitude of �1.0 inch and a peak velocity of 1.3 in/sec. Data for FIG. 6(c) for Damper 3 were taken at a stroke rate of 0.23 Hz, an amplitude of �1.0 inch and a peak velocity of 1.3 in/sec.
FIGS. 7 and 8 depict a second embodiment of the piston 30 useful in damper 16. In this embodiment, coil 40 is toroidally wound about a core element 43, which may be of low carbon steel or powdered metal. Actually, the toroidal coil is formed by four segments 50 with the terminal wire from one segment initiating winding of the adjacent segment 50. In between segments 50 are four valve slots 52 to permit fluid flow through piston 30. Twin seals 54 extend about the periphery of piston 30 and engage the inner diameter of housing 20 (FIG. 2) to create a fluid seal. The MR fluid 18 is, therefore, forced to flow through slots 52 and control of the flow of current through coil 40 can closely control the flow characteristics of the MR fluid.
Four additional alternative embodiments of the piston 16 are depicted in FIGS. 9(a)-(d). FIG. 9(a) depicts an embodiment in which coil 40 is wound on core element 43 and slipped into cup member 53. Cup member 53 has a plurality of passageways 56 formed therein, has twin seals 54 extending about the periphery, and is attached to core element 43 by means such as threaded fasteners, not shown.
The ram effects of the fluid will be undesirable for certain applications and FIGS. 9(b)-(d) disclose various baffle plate designs to cope with this problem. FIG. 9(b) is the first such baffle plate design. Coil 40 is wound upon a thin, cylindrical non-magnetic sleeve 55 which is then received in cup-shaped member 53. The internal portions of cup-shaped member 53 including contained passageways 56 can easily be machined prior to insertion of coil 40.
Baffle plate 58 is retained in position by non-magnetic supports 51 which may be adhered to the surface of plate 58. Cup-shaped member 53 is formed with an extension 62 which is threaded onto piston rod 32. End cap 64 fits within the lower end of coil 40 and may be retained there by conventional means (fasteners, welding or peripheral threads engaging internal threads in cup-shaped member 53). A central hole 66 in end cap 64 permits flow through the piston, baffle plate 58 serving to diminish ram effects and extending the length of the fluid path in which the MR fluid is under the influence of the magnetic field. A hole 57 may optionally be provided in plate 58, depending upon the desired flow characteristics.
In this (FIG. 9(b)) embodiment, the return path for the magnetic flux is through the radially outer reaches of piston head 34, with DI being the inner dimension of the flow path and DO being the outer dimension thereof. DB is the diameter of the baffle plate 58, DP is the diameter of the pole (the inside diameter of the coil) and DH is the diameter of the hole 66. The diameter of baffle plate hole 57 is DN. The magnetic flux will pass through the most apparently "solid" magnetically conductive path, (i.e., with only minimal gaps and no obstructions).
The critical bottleneck dimensions are, then, expressed as follows: ##EQU13##
Each different geometry has its own associated equations which define its operational characteristics.
FIG. 9(c) depicts an embodiment in which piston head 34 contains a single passageway 56 with a lateral, partially circular portion. FIG. 9 (c) depicts this lateral portion as extending through 180�, although the passageway could obviously extend through a larger or a smaller circular arc.
FIG. 9(d) depicts an alternate baffle plate embodiment in which the coil 40 is wound upon the end of piston rod 32. Care must be taken with this embodiment to make the core portion 43 of piston rod 32 of sufficient diameter to avoid saturation of the core.
Each of the embodiments discussed thus far, incorporate the magnetic coil 40 into piston head 34. In some applications it may be preferable for the coil to be associated with housing 20, if housing 20 is more stationary, to minimize flexing of wires. The three embodiments shown in FIGS. 10(a)-(c) each employ a twin-tube housing 20 which allow the coil 40 to be located stationarily relative to the housing. Housing 20 has a first inner tube 17 and a second outer tube 19. Valve member 59 comprises coil 40 which is wrapped around core element 43 and the end of inner tube 17 is stabilized between core element 43 and cup-shaped end member 53 by spacers (not shown) to define the gap g of valve member 59. Accumulator 23 is incorporated into piston head 34. As shown, a floating piston 21 can be used to create the accumulator 23 or, as mentioned with respect to earlier embodiments, a rolling diaphragm of a type similar to that taught in U.S. Pat. No. 4,811,919, which is hereby incorporated by reference, may be used. Any type of accumulator may be used.
As the piston 30 experiences a compressive stroke, the MR fluid is a) forced through gap g, which (in conjunction with coil 40) functions as a valve, b) into outer tube 19, c) through openings 68 back into the inner tube 17. The flow characteristics of MR fluid 18 will be controlled by regulating the current flow in coil 40, as with previous embodiments.
FIG. 10(b) shows a similar twin tube housing 20 in which coil 40 is toroidally wound about core 43 in segments with intermittent slots as in the FIG. 8 embodiment. The slots, in conjunction with the coil 40 will function as the valve for the MR fluid 18 in this embodiment.
FIG. 10(c) demonstrates a third embodiment of a damper 16 which has a twin tube housing 20. In this embodiment, two coils 40 are used, the lower coil 40 and gap g1 form the valve for controlling flow of the compressive stroke while upper coil 40 and gap g2 form the valve for controlling flow on the extension stroke. Lower valve member 59 is depicted as having a baffle plate 58', while upper valve member 59, which must permit passage of piston rod 32, is of a modified solenoidal design. Upper and lower check valves 35, which are preferably reed valves that flap open and closed responsive to fluid pressure, provide fluid bypass of upper and lower coils 40 for the compression and extension strokes, respectively.
An externally mounted accumulator 23 of the type shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,858,898 is used in this embodiment which comprises an elastomeric bladder that may be filled with air or foam rubber. As with the other accumulators, accumulator 23 provides room for additional incompressible MR fluid resulting from displacement by piston rod 32 or from thermal fluid expansion. In this embodiment, no electrical connections are made through piston rod 32 and piston head 34 has a more conventional engagement with inner tube 17 (i.e., no fluid flow past or through). Recesses 37 form pockets which in conjunction with hydraulic end stops 31 trap fluid and prevent piston head 34 from banging into either end cap 64. This double-valve design is particularly useful for dampers generating large forces. In such applications, the use of two valves 59 provides more precise control and reduces the risk of cavitation of the fluid. Further, the forces generated in the compression and extension strokes can be individually tailored to fit the desired design parameters.
FIGS. 11(a)-11(c) depict three embodiments of sealless dampers 16. One problem with the conventional damper design is preventing loss of the MR fluid which would result in diminished performance. Previously described embodiments have proposed the use of a secondary fluid with a combination scraper and seal to cope with this problem. A secondary problem is the need for an accumulator with the conventional designs to provide for fluid displaced by piston rod. With the sealless designs of FIGS. 11(a)-(c), the piston rod 32 extends above and below piston head 34 and has elastomer elements 70 and 72 which may be of frustoconical design, bonded to its upper and lower extents, respectively. Elastomer elements 70, 72 are also bonded to housing 20 trapping a fixed volume of fluid 18. An accumulator is unnecessary since there is no fluid displaced by piston rod 32 which cannot be accommodated by the volume on the opposite side of piston head 34. Depending on the bulge stiffness of the elastomer, the elements 70 and 72 can accommodate thermal expansion of the fluid. Electrical connection is made to coil 40 through shaft 32, as in earlier embodiments. Ears 74 (FIG. 11(a)) provide means for attaching housing 20 to one of the two elements to be isolated with piston rod 32 being attachable to the other.
The embodiment of FIG. 11(b) affords a means of providing greater resistance to compressive forces than to extension forces by pressurizing (or charging) chamber 76.
FIG. 11(c) shows a third sealless embodiment designed to provide extended stroke. As shown in FIG. 11(c) damper 16 is shown at the completion of a compression stroke. Disc shaped elastomer 70 is bonded at its outer extremity to a ring 77 which sits atop the inner cylinder of housing 20 and its inner periphery is bonded to element 80, which is preferably metallic. The upper inner periphery of element 80 slides freely relative to piston rod 32 by virtue of bearing 82. The lower inner periphery of element 80 is bonded to the outside of disc-shaped elastomer 71 whose inner periphery is bonded to cylindrical sleeve 75. Sleeve 75 moves with piston rod 32 but its use (being separable therefrom) facilitates manufacture.
A second element 80 has the outer periphery of disc-shaped elastomer 72 bonded to its inner upper periphery. The inner periphery of disc 72 is bonded to piston rod extension 33. A fourth disc-shaped elastomer element 73 is bonded to the outer lower periphery of second element 80 and to ring 78 which is trapped between portions of housing 20 and, functionally, becomes a part thereof. This embodiment permits the throw length of damper 16 to be extended and, obviously, additional throw length could be added as necessary by stacking additional elements 80 with associated disc-shaped elastomers 70-73.
A pair of mounts employing the features of the present invention are depicted in FIGS. 12(a) and 12(b) generally at 86. The embodiment of mount 86 in FIG. 12(a) has a baffle plate 58 which is held in place by snap-in spacers 89, and a solenoid-type coil 40 wrapped within housing 20. Spacers 89 are made of a non-magnetic, preferably plastic material. Baffle plate 58 diverts the flow of the MR fluid into more intimate contact with coil 40 enhancing the flow control of the fluid by increasing the capability of the coil to influence the characteristics of the fluid. A first pair of bolts 91 provide means for attachment to a first member (a frame, or the like) and bolt 93 provides means for attachment to a second member (an engine, for example). Elastomeric element 90 is bonded to both attachment collar 88 and housing 20 and comprises the primary spring in the mount 86. Collar 88, elastomeric element 90 and upper surface of housing 92 for baffle plate 58 define a first chamber 94 for containing MR fluid. The lower surface of housing 92 and an elastomeric bladder 95 (which forms the bottom compliance of mount 86) define a second chamber 96 for MR fluid. The orifices 98 in housing 92 operate with coil 40 to define a valve for controlling the flow of the MR fluid, as in previous embodiments. The radial extent of orifices 98 is a design parameter which may be adjusted to influence operational characteristics of the mount 86.
The embodiment shown in FIG. 12(b) is similar to that shown in FIG. 12(a) in all particulars with the exception that the coil 40 is of the toroidal type with slots 52 serving as the fluid control valve as with the twin tube design depicted in FIGS. 10(b). The slots 52 serve as means to increase exposure of the MR fluid to the coil 40, thereby enhancing flow control. No baffle plate is necessary with this design, so a solid divider plate 58a is substituted.
The mounts 86 of FIGS. 12(a) and 12(b) allow the stiffness of the mount to be controlled in response to operational characteristics of the engine (idle vs high rpm), or vehicle (cornering or straight runs) by use of electronic sensors and control signals giving input to the energy supply of coil 40, in a conventional manner.
The present invention provides a number of embodiments of an MR fluid damper with a variety of novel characteristics. A first embodiment optimizes the dimensional and operational parameters of the damper to provide a high level of controllability. A second embodiment provides an alternate piston head with a toroidally wound magnet incorporated therein. Third through sixth embodiments provide piston heads with fluid flow therethrough (rather than therearound) and the magnetic flux path contained entirely within the piston head. A series of seventh through ninth embodiments provide alternate housing configurations in which the flow control magnet is associated with the housing, including one embodiment in which an upper and a lower flow control valve is used. Tenth through twelfth damper embodiments teach sealless dampers which eliminate loss of MR fluids and, finally, two MR fluid mount designs employing the features of the present invention are described.
Various changes, alternatives and modifications will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art following a reading of the foregoing description. For, example, while the piston motion being damped has implicitly been axial, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that dampers made in accordance with the specifics of this invention will be equally well adapted for damping rotary motion, or combinations of linear and rotary motion, as well. Further, although electromagnets have been described exclusively, it will be appreciated that permanent magnets may be utilized to provide some or all of the magnetic field. It is intended that all such changes, alternatives and modifications as come within the scope of the appended claims be considered part of the present invention.
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The Adidas Supernova Riot 5 trail running shoe claws its way up and down gnarly terrain with a high-speed TRAXION outsole, giving you secure multi-directional grip from dusty, rocky trails to slippery, muddy passes….
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Discontinued – This size/colour is now sold out and obsolete. We cannot obtain any more from the supplier and it won't return to stock.
The Adidas Supernova Riot 5 trail running shoe claws its way up and down gnarly terrain with a high-speed TRAXION outsole, giving you secure multi-directional grip from dusty, rocky trails to slippery, muddy passes. Features a FORMOTION design for smooth landings, ADIPRENE cushioning and PRO-MODERATOR medial support to help prevent over pronation. Another bonus: This trail shoe has a GEOFIT build, an anatomical design that fits and moves with the foot more naturally.
They have an outsole cleat design that provides maximum grip in all directions without excessive pressure points on the foot. Pro-Moderator is a lightweight, highly supportive yet durable midsole stability TPU element, eliminating the risk of midfoot irritation. Your foot experiences a much smoother, balanced and natural touchdown with Formotion beneath you feet. Formotion trail is specifically designed to run on your favourite trail and rough terrain. It provides unsurpassed control and adaptation. GEOFIT enhances fit and comfort by placing padding in anatomically correct areas. You will feel a snug fit, increased comfort and an enhanced sense of security and stability. Torsion System lightweight arch support that allows the forefoot and rearfoot to move independently for better surface adaptation and stability. Fully engineered and provides a unique transition from heel to toe for both female and male footwear products.
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Moulded responsive EVA sock liner for anatomical fit and great step-in comfort; ADIPRENE under the heel for superior cushioning at impact; miCoach compatible
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Air mesh upper for maximum breathability; Synthetic overlays for added support; ADIPRENE+ in the forefoot maintains propulsion and efficiency
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Discontinued – This size/colour is now sold out and obsolete. We cannot obtain any more from the supplier and it won't return to stock.
We offer a range of delivery services for our UK and International customers. UK Customers can select our FREE standard delivery option on most non bike orders over £20. Or if you're in a hurry you can upgrade to our Next Day, Saturday or Sunday delivery services. You can also use our free Click & Collect service, where you can collect your purchases from a choice of over 50 Evans Cycles stores. International customers can benefit from FREE delivery on most orders and save UK VAT if we are shipping outside of the EU.
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UK bike delivery charge includes assembly by our fully trained mechanics, pre-delivery inspection and safety check, packing in our custom bike box, multi-tool and delivery from only £9.99 per bike.Click here to see how we deliver your bike
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Using our Click & Collect service your order will be delivered to a choice of over 50 Evans Cycles stores nationwide for collection. This service is FREE of charge for all orders. To check store stock and collection times, use the "Check store stock" button above. Click here for more details
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We offer a FREE delivery service on most International orders. Orders delivered outside the EU are exempt from VAT. To calculate the charges for your order simply add products to your basket and proceed through the checkout process, where you will need to enter your delivery details. Our website will present you with the relevant delivery options and the charges for your basket of goods. Click here for more details.
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subset: commoncrawl


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This is a great addon.
In addition to doing what it says, it also allows audio files that normally want to play via the QuickTime plugin to be played using the Windows Media plugin instead.
This is great for people who either can't or won't install Quicktime as it allows audio files to play in browser.


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Why countries specialize in certain sports
Usain Bolt of Jamaica celebrates after his win gold in the Men's 100m Final on Day 9 of the London 2012 Olympic Games at the Olympic Stadium at Olympic Stadium on August 5, 2012 in London, England.
So the Olympics continued over the weekend, and one of the big stories was Usain Bolt of Jamaica's win in the 100 m race, his second Olympic gold in the event. Jamaica and other island nations have become know for their sprinting power, in the same way that countries like Kenya are known for their strength in distance running.
Here to talk with us in today's Mid-day Extra about how countries come to specialize in certain sports and events is Scott Douglas, news editor of Runners World.


text:
Malabo[mä lä′bō]
capital of Equatorial Guinea: seaport on Bioko: pop. 10,000
The capital and largest city of Equatorial Guinea, on Bioko in the Gulf of Guinea. It was founded as Port Clarence by the British in 1827, was renamed Santa Isabel when it passed to Spanish control in 1843, and finally was renamed Malabo in 1973.
Proper noun
- The capital of Equatorial Guinea.


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|Internet, Networking, and Wireless Discussion of networking, internet, and wireless including Apple's Airport products.
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Member Since: May 28, 2009
Posts: 3
Firstly, I'm a Windows guy. My last experinces with a mac was about 10 years ago in highschool and I was greatly turned off macintosh by the repeated bomb popup ruining my day almost everytime I used it. They were, however, used macs that took a beating from other clowns in my school. But it was enough to taint my young view of them.
Now, a decade later, my fiancee has fallen in love with the new Macs since she took a design course at the local college and they were running macs for the course.
So, now she's been to the local shops looking at them. She wants a mac, I can't remember the model, it's the one where everything is built into the monitor itself.
I'm a semi network admin among other things at work. It is a Windows and Linux environment. At home I run a network connected to our DSL with 4 Windows PC's running Win XP, Win Vista (32 and 64bit), and Win 7 Beta. One of the windows machines is wireless. There is also a Brother network printer. All these devices connect via a 2Wire DSL modem/router provided by our ISP.
When she gets the Mac, as I'm sure she will, one of the Vista machines will be taken off the network.
My question is;
- Will the Mac be able to 'see' the windows machines (and vise-versa).
- Is there functionality in the two OS's to allow a file transfer to happen between them? We currently transfer files on a semi regular basis between the Windows boxes.
- Will the Mac be able to share the DSL on the modem/router without some special configuration being needed?
I am pretty clueless beyond the basics for Mac machines. I'm hoping for some good advice without the 'idiot' comments. I'm not too concerned about being flamed though, as from my reading through other threads here people on this forum seem like a helpful and friendly group so I'll leave the flamesuit off for now.
|QUOTE Thanks
Member Since: Mar 04, 2008
Posts: 1,115
Mac Specs: Unibody MacBook Pro 2.26, 4gb RAM, 500gb HD
In fact, I have a friend who is a programmer for Citrix. I don't fully understand everything he does, but it's all based on company servers in a Windows environment. Yet he often prefers to connect using is MacBook Pro and programs from it.
And as long as you have an open mind and are legitimately looking for help, you won't be criticized by anyone here. And you are welcome to ask Windows vs. OS X questions.
|QUOTE Thanks
Member Since: Dec 20, 2006
Location: Lake Mary, Florida
Posts: 26,753
Mac Specs: 15" MBP, Core i7/2GHz, 8GB RAM, 480GB Crucial M500 SSD
In late 2006, I bought my first Intel Mac - a MacBook Pro - because I was intrigued by OS X. Since then, I've been firmly in the Apple camp. I still run Windows on my gaming box and have another XP laptop, but my primary machine is my MacBook Pro. In addition to running OS X (which by the way, integrates very well into Windows networks), I also run Win7 and Ubuntu in VMs, as well as Vista on a Boot Camp partition.
OS X is a complete departure from what you've experienced in the past, and if you have any comfort level with UNIX derivatives, you should feel right at home on the Mac, although the UI might take some getting used to.
As to your questions:
Liquid and computers don't mix. It might seem simple, but we see an incredible amount of people post here about spills. Keep drinks and other liquids away from your expensive electronics!
|QUOTE Thanks
Member Since: May 28, 2009
Posts: 3
I do like to think I have an open mind. I often have people asking me for advice on what computers to buy and things like that. I've been known to tell people sometimes to look at Apple if all they want to do is email, surf the web, and some word processing stuff, and don't don't want to ever (or nearly ever) be concerned with viruses or whatever else is out there.
Or if the person wants to do video editing or graphics work.
She's the one that wants the mac, Being a gamer, I will probably never get rid of my windows machines (unless more games I want start coming to mac). however, assuming I like the machine she gets, I may consider one for my next computer as well.
I'll probably be posting here more once she gets the mac, having so little knowledge of it. Guess who will be the one setting it up and supporting it. lol.
Thanks again!
-Asus P5K-E Wifi AP, Intel Q6600 Quad Core 2.6, 4GB OCZ gold ddr2, WD Raptor, Windows7 Drive - WD Caviar, BFG Geforce 8800GTX 768MB, OCZ 700W PS, HT Omega Striker 7.1, Thermaltake Orb HS
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When someone asks what crew you're with, simply point to your Checkered Flag Crew hat. This structured cap is decorated with embroidered NASCAR driver, sponsor, and team graphics.
- Adjustable hook-and-loop fastener
- Decorated with embroidered NASCAR driver, sponsor, and team graphics
- Eyelets for ventilation
- Made in Bangladesh
- Officially licensed
- Structured hat
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- Authentic Design
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- Shows Off Team Pride
- Unique Item
Best Uses
- At The Race
- Daily Use
- Decoration
- Nice For In The Sun
- Showing Team Pride
- Watching The Race
Comments about Checkered Flag Kevin Harvick Crew Hat:
i like the white and black
Special event items are produced by manufacturers only after the outcome of a game or event. These are advanced sale items and will ship immediately after they are received in our warehouse.
Manufacturer direct items are shipped directly from the manufacturer. These items are not available for international or expedited shipping.
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false pdp {"scheme":"product1_cr"}
false pdp {"scheme":"product2_cr"}
Favorite Modern Chinos - Regular 74 74
fun chinos Love the very summery pink flower print. Tried them on and they fit fine but were very long for my 5'5". Washed and dried on low, they shrank around the waist and in length. If rolled, that roll is white, so I'll just wear them down and bunched at my ankles and hope the waist will have some give. July 27, 2015
Nice pants but trouble with sizes I was looking for classic cotton pants with minimal stretch. Like other reviewers, I was reluctant to buy online because pants can be so hard to fit. I've bought from Garnet Hill for years. Reviews were mostly good. These are great - very nice fabric and style. Fit was a big challenge though, even using True Fit. I'm 5'6" and 140 lbs, curvy, carry my weight on the bottom. I started in size 8 (my size with other makers), tried 10 and now have 12s. Since these pants are 100% cotton and don't stretch, it might have been harder to find the right size. I'm keeping 3 pairs of pants in and will take in the waist. The legs are still a bit more snug than I would like. Sigh. July 16, 2015
Fit too tight in waist I normally wear a size 4 or 6. Last year, I ordered a size 6 in these pants. Everything but the waist was fine. The waist was too small. This year, I ordered the size 8 (I'm still the same weight and shape0, and, again, the waist is too tight and the rest fits loosely. Am I the only one with this issue? July 10, 2015
Previously I had bought two favorite modern chinos and was tremendously happy with them. But this is a new version. The cut is different from the previous ones - OK, I guess. But the cloth is much heavier whereas the previous version's cloth was much lighter and great for summer heat, also more flexible for more sporty or a bit more dressy. Please bring back the previous cloth! July 3, 2015
Great fit I was a little leery that these might be too low rise for me, but they're not - they actually come just below the natural waist. The taper is just right for a skinny but not too-skinny look. June 19, 2015
Fit like a glove I have been reluctant to order pants from GH because I find it difficult to get a good fit in pants. After reading the other reviews, I was persuaded to take a chance. These pants fit like a glove and run true to size. I'm 5'2", 108 lbs., and purchased the 4P. On top of getting a good fit the first time around, the pants were on sale which made this an even better buy. June 16, 2015
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Are the white pants see through at all?
1 year, 4 months ago
Answer:We would recommend wearing skintone undergarments with these pants in white.
1 year, 4 months ago
Top 250 Contributor
Answer:Slightly see-thru.
Age: Over 65
Gender: Female
1 year, 2 months ago
1 answer
Exactly what color is "pebble"
I can't really tell from the catalog or the internet picture. Is it a light gray? Light khaki? Off white? Beige?
I can't really tell from the catalog or the internet picture. Is it a light gray? Light khaki? Off white? Beige?
1 year, 5 months ago
Answer:Pebble is a light khaki.
1 year, 5 months ago
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Favorite Modern Chinos: where are size measurements for pants? When I click on size icon, it brings up dress measurements not pant measurements
Gender: Female
1 year, 4 months ago
New England
Answer:Thank you for bringing this to our attention. We have corrected the information and the measurements tab is now showing the correct measurements for the pants.
1 year, 4 months ago
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Petite inseam length?
The description says the inseam is 32" but it does not say what the inseam is for petite sizes. Is it the same?
6 months ago
California, USA
Answer:The inseam for the petite is 29 inches.
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Age: 55-64
Gender: Female
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New York, NY, USA
Answer:Please click on our Size Chart link located at the right of the size/color menu to find your best size.
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Product:30001-Favorite Modern Chinos


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Welcome to Central Distributing! Central Distributing serves 2,200 customers across 19 counties in Western Colorado, Eastern Utah and New Mexico, offering more than 8,000 general merchandise products.
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Committed to professionalism, honesty and reliability, we will continue to lead our industry by providing superior service and the finest products available. With our values based on respect, trust and integrity, we will continue bringing only the best to our partners in retail and wholesale, and to our valued employees.
Online Catalog
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Donate Now
SAVE is a 501(c) 3 nonprofit organization. All donations are tax deductible and very much appreciated.
SAVE's Special Campaign is called "The Promise of Peace @ South High." We are asking our community to support the SAVE Students Network @ South High School. This program has received a series of funding cuts and needs your help. Our actions now, will determine the peacefulness and prosperity of their future. Please support the SAVE Students Network at South High School by making your tax deductible donation below. To donate to the Promise of Peace now online or by mailing a Check. Let us know how you would like us to use your online donation by clicking here.
By donating an amount of your choice, your donation will benefit SAVESNet@South High programs.By donating $20 we will send a REAL TALK book to the local school or public library of your choice.By donating $50 we will send a REAL TALK book and a personal letter of encouragement from an author to a teen of your choice or an at-risk teen in a Columbus neighborhood.
Donations can be made by CHECK and mailed to SAVE, 92 Jefferson Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43215. If you would like a donation form click here.
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Aug 23 2012
My Top Ten Favorite Baby Boy Names
First, excuse me while I crumble over this photo of my older boy, who is about to turn ten, and who was the happiest, roundest, smiliest baby in the universe. I'm dying inside.
Here are my ten favorite baby boy names! They're in no particular order, but I did save my current favorite for the end. As you will see, my preferred boy name would be a cross between Italian-Biblical, with a little Western Movie thrown in.
(Note here's my girl name list if you missed it: My Top Ten Favorite Baby Girl Names)
I'm just going to start this off with a bang. I'm sorry to everyone who hated either Gone With the Wind or Ashley Wilkes' character, or who dislike female names for boys. I love the name Ashley for a boy. Always have. And I'd probably call him Ash.
Possibly my favorite biblical name for a boy. It conveys a sense of solid goodness, and the shortened name "Ben" is a name I've always associated with inner strength and good looks. I'm weird.
I wouldn't shorten it to "Sonny." It'd be all Santino, all the time. Santino Drummond. It speaks to me.
I can't explain my lifelong love of this name. I knew a Preston when I was a little girl. He was a few years older than me, played tennis, and was tan. I don't know if that played a role. But I've loved the name forever, and I love the shortened version, pronouned "Press." There's something romantic about it.
I changed my mind. Samuel is my favorite biblical name. My grandpa's nickname was Sam, the title of my favorite children's book was Sam. There are just too many positive associations in my mind and heart to deny it: Sam or Samuel (I love either version equally) is way up there for me.
One of my best friends in college, Nicole, was from a beautiful Italian family and had a brother named Nino. I thought this was just about the best name I'd ever heard, and I decided the day I met him that my firstborn son would be called Nino. Then I married a cattle rancher who wanted to name his firstborn son Bull. We met in the middle somewhere. But I shan't be satisfied until I have a son named Nino. And may his first child be a masculine child…
My dad's name. My baby's middle name. It's strong, reliable, and good. And I wouldn't shorten it to Will, though I do (separately) love the name Will. I just think William stands on its own.
This is a huge name in Marlboro Man's family, going back many generations. We shortened it for our daughter, made it our first son's middle name, and I love the name more now than ever, whether for a boy or a girl. The name Alexander means "Protector of mankind," which gives me chills.
This is one of the few names I prefer in the shortened form: Joe. To the point. Simple. Confident. Classic.
Sigh. Beau. My favorite name. So Western Movie. So swoon-worthy. So romantic. I want one of my daughters to marry a man named Beau. But only if they're over thirty. And only if he's nice. And only if he likes Broadway show tunes. Is that too much to ask?
Honorable Mentions
Dante (Clearly I have a profound Italian hangup)
Smith (So unabashedly a last name, I love it as a first)
Oliver (Remember the little blond cousin in The Brady Bunch?)
I'll stop now.
Share your favorite boy names! I loved reading your girl versions.
1671 Comments and 252 Replies
laura On Thursday, August 30 at 7:55 am
I have a Samuel!
Before we knew that the last one was going to be a girl, "he" was going to be named Tucker. We were loving the idea of Sam and Tuck but alas, he became an Elinor and joined Lillian, Orianna, & Aurora.
Cindy On Thursday, August 30 at 1:28 pm
Samuel was always the name for my first son, never had one. sniff sniff. My daughter is having my first grandson in January, his name is Grayson. I kinda love it.
Sarah C. On Thursday, August 30 at 2:24 pm
I'm married to a "Rush". He's a III and the name original came from Benjamin Rush, one of the founders of the Declaration of Independence, who happens to be a long-ago relative. I think that's a pretty good one…
Shauna On Thursday, August 30 at 6:03 pm
My son's name is Ryan Frederic. My husband is Belgian and wanted to name our son after his brother (Boris Frederic). As much as I love my brother-in-law, it wasn't going to happen so we compromised with the middle name.
Tonon1 On Friday, August 31 at 9:05 am
My baby (now 18) is Maxwell Tonon. The Tonon is in honor of my Grandfather, the only son who had 3 girls. I am Kimberly Tonon and hope he will carry on the tradition when he has children.
Simone On Friday, August 31 at 3:50 pm
My favorite is Cooper. That's what we named our 5 year old. He does have his Daddy's and Granddaddy's middle name – Lee. It fits him perfectly!
seattlemama On Friday, August 31 at 4:54 pm
We named our son, Jack, 19 years ago before it became trendy. Both of my son's grandpas were Jack. I love how confident & manly it sounds…fits my son perfectly!
Christine On Friday, August 31 at 5:30 pm
We have and love dearly our boy, Baylor Atticus. Neither are family names but are obviously characters in books. Loved the books but walked away loving the names.
Maria On Friday, August 31 at 10:49 pm
Jacob, Jake. Two words – Jake Ryan. You remember Jake, yellow Porche, bitchen house, brings you cake on your 16th birthday!…Every Jake I know is swoon-worthy. My son is too, tall, tan, handsome, jock…andI'm not just saying that because I'm his mother!
Debbi On Sunday, September 2 at 12:58 pm
I haven't read all of the posts –they are so addicting!
My kiddos are:
Alex Paul
Ethan Joseph
Katelynn Shay
After ten years of infertility, I was sure I would have a name chosen by the time we adopted our first…but NO–we were driving to the hospital to pick him up and I had three name books on the seat beside me. I alternately told my husband to drive faster so we could get there sooner…and slow down so we could choose a name ;^)
When we arrived we STILL didn't have a name. We were standing at the elevators to go up to the nursery. I turned to my husband and said, "Why don't you sit on this bench while i go to the restroom. When I come back we are going to have the same name! A few minutes later I came out, knowing i wanted our son to be Alex. My husband stood up and said, "I really like the name Alex." We stepped onto the elevator and the rest is wonderful history ;^)
Paige On Monday, September 3 at 11:12 am
My boy are Isaac (Ike) and Asher. Both biblical, but I just LOVED the meanings. Isaac means "laughter" and Asher means "blessed and happy". After learning the meanings, I was hooked.
I love that my 9 year old chose to be called Ike, because it was easy for his baby brother to say. And it stuck.
Leah B. On Monday, September 3 at 11:20 am
William Ray will be the name of our boy if we have one. William after my husband and Ray is the middle name of the bestest dad in the whole world…mine. I loved the name William long before meeting my Bill. I hate the nickname Bill. Ours will be Liam.
Machelle Tatsch On Tuesday, September 4 at 9:21 pm
Favorite Boy Names
1. Dillon
2. Dallas
3. Maverick
4. Gene (my husband)
BJ On Wednesday, September 5 at 10:01 pm
My son's name is Noah Walter. I love old fashioned names. And my daughters are Clare Elizabeth and Holly Isabella. (I realize this was a boys list but I'm too lazy to hop over to the girls list to add my names there!)
Andrea On Thursday, September 6 at 9:53 am
My good friend named her baby boy Camden James. I LOVE that name!
Erin Also On Thursday, September 6 at 11:04 am
I love Patrick…that is my brother's middle name. I also like Clayton (I would NOT shorten it to Clay, though I already have a cousin with that name and that would be sort of name stealing). I really like the name Charlie…he was a boy I had a crush on when I was in CCD as a little girl and he was so sweet and smiley (just like your sweet Charlie). Last, but not least, Christopher. I have so many friends named Christopher, and they are all awesome. I think it is a dying name and I want to bring it back, but not shortened to Chris…Christopher can stand alone and still be awesome.
Lori On Friday, September 7 at 11:04 am
I love Cristoforo (Christopher), Nicola (Nicholas), Antonio (Anthony), Pasquale (Patrick), Giuseppe (Joseph), Fabio (Fabian), Michele (Michael), Domenico (Dominick), Raffaele (Ralph).
Sarah On Saturday, September 8 at 7:41 am
My sons are named Silas and Garrin. Silas is from the Bible and Garrin is named after his granddaddy Gary. My other favorite boy's names are Simeon, Justus, Asher and Callum.
Alexia On Saturday, September 8 at 11:07 am
Declan, Keegan, Jackson. Jacob are my favorite boys names
Karen On Saturday, September 8 at 8:48 pm
Raylan yes after the character from the TV show Justified. Timothy Olyphant plays the fictional character written by author Elmore Leonard. Oh I like Elmore too.
Joanna On Saturday, September 8 at 10:01 pm
Creed, Tristan (after the Opera and Brad Pitt's character in Legends of the Fall), Harper, Stellan and Cash.
Gia On Saturday, September 8 at 11:11 pm
Totally agree with you. My husband is a William and his father is a William too however neither were or are called by their given name. Both Bill and Billy. It was very important to Billy to name his firstborn, a son after his father. I agreed as long he would be called William…and that is what we did and to this day some twentyone years later I still refer to my son as William! To add we are Italian and my children don't have Italian first names, but I do!
Teena Jackson On Sunday, September 9 at 9:10 am
My 21 year old son is named Schuyler Christian and my 19 year old is named Carter Shane. Last name is Jackson.
I thought that because our southern last name is so common that our boys' names should be uncommon. Little did I know how popular their names would become. Although Schuyler is usually spelled Skyler or some other similar form. Carter is now in the top 200!
I just love that they are older & of a different generation – their names are so cool to me & I cannot imagine either of them being named anything else!!
Beck On Sunday, September 9 at 10:32 am
Dane is my favorite boys name of all-time.
Brenda On Sunday, September 9 at 2:41 pm
Hi Ree!
I have a Nolan Avery who I wanted so badly to call him after his Father and my middle name making it Robert McKay (my middle name is Kaye), but Daddy wasn't going for it. I have an adopted daughter who "came with the name" Haven and I always wanted an Olivia. I looked up what Haven meant, and I just couldn't bare to change her first name..it means "safe place" and I thought wow, how fitting! She's now Haven Olivia. We're all such girls!! LOL!
Bonnie On Sunday, September 9 at 8:20 pm
Our son is Zachariah James and Grandson (from our daughter) is Gabriel James.
Shellye Bandy On Sunday, September 9 at 11:18 pm
Jacob (named my son that), Josiah, Jude, Jesse (all strong boy biblical names) and our family name Jackson (Feeling a trend here?)
My other favorite boy name is Aaron Atreau (Atreau from the Never Endng Story). I decided in high school I wanted to name my first son Aaron but my husband wanted to name him Clay (yuck to me) so we settled on Jacob.
Melissa On Monday, September 10 at 12:04 am
I have liked Nathan or Thomas for a boy's name. Just thought those sound "Old Fashioned" and strong names for a boy.
Melissa On Monday, September 10 at 12:08 am
We just had our first baby in April and named her OLIVIA. We thought that is was such a beautiful name. The other name we were debating on was Melody.
Kaitlin On Monday, September 10 at 4:09 am
My husband and I have decided that when we do have children we will start all their first names with L. We have picked out a couple of boy names.
Lawson Neal- I just think the name Lawson is different. Neal is a family name (my father-in-law and my husband's middle name)
Levi- I think the name Levi is strong and bold. It really stood out to me when I was coming up with names. I think I would use the middle name Cody or Robert. Any middle name suggestions let me know.
Our girl names would be:
Lydia Faye (Love the name Lydia from the Bible, Faye was my husband's mom's middle name)
Leah Grace (This is one of the cutest names I can think of. I love the ring it has and it would probably not be just Leah, but rather Leah-Grace). I have always loved double names and my husband doesn't care for it because the majority of his family had double names (i.e. Bobby Joe, Bobby Roy, Johnny Ray, Bonnie Faye, etc) so compromise is necessary.
Andrea On Monday, September 10 at 7:56 pm
Jacob. My middle son's name. He is (almost) 22 and there were not that many of them at that time and then it got really popular. Well, I mean new baby's. I know there were plenty of Jacob's hiding around or cutting down trees or something.
Followed by "Julian" which would have been my 3rd son's name…had she not been a girl.
dulce On Monday, September 10 at 10:11 pm
We named our son Matisse…he thinks it was chosen in honour of my favourite painter, but actually his dad had just watched "Down and Out in Beverly Hills" just before my due date, and the dog was named Matisse. And a painterly dog-lover at 15 he is. His older sister is Eden. I like names that can stand alone, like little one word poems.
Neala On Monday, September 10 at 10:15 pm
Well, my son is a Rowan. Wanted a Paxton … but he came out a Rowan. No other name would do once we saw him!
Alice On Tuesday, September 11 at 7:02 am
Adrian. It's my favorite boy's name hands down.
Angie T On Tuesday, September 11 at 10:43 am
We decided we wanted strong names that not everyone else has, so when we named our boys they are Sargent and Major.
Sandra On Tuesday, September 11 at 11:05 am
I was always fond of Alexandra for a girl's middle name, but the husband always said no to it. It's really a good thing that he did, because after I found out I was pregnant with #4, after 3 girls…I said if this one is a boy, his name WILL be Alexander…and it was and he is…though mostly he is called Alex. Just goes to show ya, that God knows everything. He knew that if I had ever named any of the girls middle names Alexandra, that I would never name our son Alexander, and he could never be another name. That said, I also always loved:
Christopher, Dylan, David, Daniel, and Waylon (lol, had a thing for the D's and yes, I love Waylon Jennings music)
charlotte colvin On Tuesday, September 11 at 2:01 pm
My sons name, Hunter Nash is by far my favorite. Hunter is so strong and American sounding, and Nash is the last name of my husband's best friend who passed away. However, we almost named him Weilandt Nash, Weilandt is Black Sabbath's former guitar player's last name, and I love him and the name, and my son of course! If I ever have another son, I was thinking of Ellison. After watching the Hatfield's and McCoy's mini series, I fell in love with it. But I also like, Ace, Jack, Wyatt, Jimmy, Cole, Colt, Texas, Charlie, and my husband likes Heck (lol)!
Lisa Franklin On Tuesday, September 11 at 2:40 pm
I have three boys one is named Trevor which I hold dear to my heart it was orginally suppose to be my husband's name ,but his mother decided she didn't like so we decided to name him that which thrilled my husband's grandma . She always wanted there to be a Trevor in the family. My second boy is named Zachary after our ring bearer in our wedding just seemed to fit him so well. Kaleb is my third just absolutely loved this named and my husband decided to spell it with a K to make it different . These three kids are my life and I'm so glad they are here with me everyday.
Megan On Tuesday, September 11 at 3:33 pm
I also have a thing for Italian boys names! I grew up in an Italian family and have married a Schmidt and want them to have some kind of my families names….
My faves are Vincent (but also after Vince Vaughn) and Anthony (my dads name). I want two crazy boys running around called Vinnie and Tony!!! The mobsters!!
jennscookin On Tuesday, September 11 at 6:27 pm
My maiden last name is Gage and several years ago (long after my son was born), I had a student in my class named Gage. I was like wait… it can be a first name? Seriously! I wish I had known.
kelli k On Tuesday, September 11 at 7:46 pm
i have 4 boys…
(Jonathan) Cory( yes i loved vc andrews)
Nick (Nicholas Austin)
Logan (Richard)
Lucas (Luke) Evan
my grandson is Cole Jacob-William
others I like…
Cooper (this is really popular around here)
Sherii On Tuesday, September 11 at 9:18 pm
I'm a little late to the party on this one. However, I am very partial to Beecher. Especially Andrew Beecher & Beecher Garrett. If there had been a girl she would have been Eliza Beecher.
JuliaCinSC On Tuesday, September 11 at 11:21 pm
I love Brannon, Gavin, Griffin, River (yes, after River Phoenix, whom I briefly met without knowing it was him and he hit on me but I gave him a sneer because he looked too scruffy even for me – sigh!), Ewan, Chase, Ciaran… But my son's dad and I couldn't agree on a name, so we named him after both him and me – Robert Julian. I nicknamed him Jude (like Julian Lennon) when he was a newborn, and he prefers to go by that now, which I love.
Kathie On Wednesday, September 12 at 1:10 am
My son is Duncan (means dark complected warrior), I love his name. He came really close to being a Benjamin. But, Duncan won. My daughter is Fiona (means fair complected). She was almost a Margaret. I love the names that they have and that they go so well together. He has dark hair and she is Blonde. Funny how that worked out.
Bryce Anne Passmore On Wednesday, September 12 at 12:58 pm
Since your topic is about names, I just had to write. When I started reading your blog I soon realized your oldest son was named Bryce. Well…that is my name or part of it and I am female. I was named after my grandfather whose name was spelled Brice. My parents had trouble agreeing and Brice seemed to be the only name they both liked. I would be Brice whether male or female. My mother then added Anne as my middle name when I turned out to be a baby girl. I go by both names, Bryce Anne. It was several years before I heard of another person with my name. I am about to be 60 years old in Nov. In the last twenty years or so I began to hear of children being named Brice. They were few and far between though. The last four or five years I hear of it quite often for males and females. I just think it is interesting how the popularity of names comes about. I used to not love my name except for the fact it honored my grandad. Now I have come to appreciate its uniqueness. I love your blog, and enjoy your sense of humor and your fantastic family. I used to have horses and they were important to me so I love seeing your family and the horse and cattle activities. Blessings to you and your family! P.S love your recipes!
Lydia2U On Thursday, September 27 at 12:11 pm
I too am partial to Alexander … my son is named Alexander Stephen. It was a tough go as his last name could also be a first name! [Arthur]. ARGH! He's usually called Alex or Xander … though his drumline nickname is Maverick so all that agonizing for naught as he's been christened with that name by his friends & band mates! William is one of our family names & still conjures up boys into men that are sparky, fun, versatile & interesting … they will usually call themselves a variation of William depending upon the time, place & occasion. Between Daddy, Grandpa, Uncle & Brother they could be Bill, Billy, Willie, Will or William. Funny to understand their mind space when I get a call & I hear "Hey, this is XOXOXO" and I know if it's serious or fun.
Steph H. On Friday, September 28 at 12:05 pm
Oh, I LOVE the name Beau too!! I really, really wanted to name our 2nd son Bowdie and Bo for short. BUT….our oldest son is Ty and my husband refused to have to yell Ty-Bo or Bo-Ty when trying to get their attention Anyway, we picked Ryder. So Ty and Ryder are my favorite boy names!
Kelli On Saturday, September 29 at 2:06 am
I'm late to this game, but I have to play!
I grew up making lists of baby names, sometimes on a daily basis. I still think about names even though I cannot have children.
This list is pretty much rock solid…set in stone. I would have a terrible time compromising if my spouse didn't like my names. I would be crushed.
John Christian, aka JC – Very, very sentimental and has been first on my list for years now. John is my little brother's name. Christian is the first baby that I attended the birth of back in 98. I took care of him when he was a toddler, and I miss him terribly.
Benjamin has always been in the top three. If my ex husband and I would have had a boy, his name would be Benjamin. It was the only one we both liked. I still love it and would still use it. I also had a crush on a Benjamin in junior high school. Loved that kid.
Wesley – My best friend who passed away from a massive heart attack in 1997.
Edward – NOT A TWILIGHT FAN. PawPaw, cousin, and baby brother Max (died in 96) were all named Edward.
Clark – Family name.
Joey (full name Joseph), however it is already taken three times over in the family. I have two cousins named Joseph and a niece named Josephine.
Some form of Al…either Alton or Allen or Alistar…
Brendan (I had a dream that I was pregnant and I told my aunt that if the baby was a boy the name would be Brendan, aka Bren. I LOVE IT! I would absolutely call a kid Bren, and I may very well have to use the name in a novel I'm going to write someday. See my girl names post for the girl name mentioned in the dream.)
Kellen or Kelton (I can't choose)
Tennant (aka Tenny or Ten…this may change later but I am currently irrationally in love with David Tennant. I realize it's not his real last name but if it's good enough for him, it's good enough for me. Ha!)
Honorable Mentions: Lane, Garrett, Spencer, Sullivan (nn Sully), Daniel, Gabriel, Scott, Louis
Terril On Wednesday, October 3 at 10:19 am
As the only girl in the family there are lots of great boys names: Kent, Joshua (Josh), Jeremiah (Jeremy), Josiah (Joe), Justin, Frank (Tom), Nathaniel (Nate), Mitchell (Mitch), Cameron. I love them all but also love Sam, Ben and Jacob.
Amy C. On Friday, October 5 at 9:10 am
My son's name is Aidan. We had other's picked out such as William, Benjamin, Langdon, Aaron, but Aidan won out.
Sarah F On Monday, October 15 at 4:59 pm
I have a nephew named Aidan Xerxes which I find incredibly cool. My hubby's name is Michel (no a, not a typo) which I love. We've both agreed to give our children 2 middle names(it's a tradition in his family that his parents didn't continue for some reason). We love Wyatt! Jefferson, Alexander, and Rhett are also on our list
Mimi On Tuesday, October 23 at 2:22 pm
Favorite name for a boy is Sloan, favorite name for a girl is Tess.
Marcia On Thursday, October 25 at 11:47 am
Haha I was surprised to see Dino on your list, that is my 25 years olds name. It is a great name, with a name like that you don't need a last name. Everyone knows me as Dinos' Mom
Abbe On Friday, November 2 at 8:22 am
Alexander. Okay. haha. I said "No Alex?" on the Girl's list, but it's here. Yay!
Love your show!!
P.S. I would LOVE a desktop wallpaper of the sun rising that's show on the intro to your show. I love that picture!! Thanks!!
Tracy Otto On Sunday, November 4 at 8:22 pm
I love the names you have chosen. My oldest so is a Beau that you described and my youngest son Benjamin AKA (been jamming) or Ben is fun loving and very cute.
Becky On Monday, November 5 at 1:09 pm
We have two boys Samuel and William. I got a kick out of seeing that both of their names were on your favorites list. We call William "Liam" for short-most people do not know that as a knickname for William but it is the last 4 letters of the name:)
Holly On Tuesday, November 6 at 10:41 am
I love the names Hunter and Chase for boys. Girls I really like Noelle and Addison. Praying we are able to adopt soon as we weren't able to have children of our own….many prayers requested. Have a great day!
Jackie On Monday, November 12 at 5:57 pm
My boyfriend loves to make fun of me for all the strange names I like, but I
cant help it! I love unique names and also jewish names
My favorite boys names are;
Sloan ( I like the first 3 for girls too!)
Arielle On Wednesday, November 14 at 5:02 pm
MY boys names are, David William, Paul Estes, (i know… Wasn't my choice) Nathaniel Bartholomew, (he hates his middle name and w call him Nate) Steven Mathew, (Stevie) and Joshua Reese. If i ever have another boy he will be James Arius.
Carrie B. On Saturday, November 24 at 8:53 pm
I have three boys who are 25, 17, & 16 and their names are PaulRobert, Gavin, and Gabriel. I have one daughter who is 13 and her name is Remington. So those are my favorite names. It should be said that my two younger sons and their sister are very much cowboys and cowgirls as they love being at their grandparents as much as they can be to ride their horses.
Melia On Tuesday, November 27 at 1:33 pm
Just now reading this, forgive me! I gave birth to my sweet Beau 9 years ago on July 4th. He's a keeper.
Sarah B On Thursday, November 29 at 10:52 am
I love this. I can totally relate. So my son just turned 9 years old this month, and like you I just crumble when I spy one of his baby pics. He just informed me to please not refer to him as "my baby boy" anymore since he's not a baby (ok, I get it). I adore his name – it's sentimental, it's biblical, it's strong, and being our first child and a boy (and the only grandson) he got all the family names: Daniel Thomas Preston Barclay. I know it was a lot of big names to heap on one tiny little baby, but he wears them well. I am allowed to call him my "little man" or "Danny boy". Almost exactly two years after Daniel's arrival my only daughter came along, and since you can't be different (siblings notice this and will not let you live it down) she got two middle names too. I adore my daughter's name too, and I'll post that on your baby girl name list.
Nina On Tuesday, December 4 at 10:42 pm
I just wanted to post to tell you that my 10 year old son is named Ashley, and we call him Ash! I love his name!
JosieB On Wednesday, December 5 at 12:40 pm
Our 3 Cowboys names are:
Crew David
Blaze Anthony
& Ace Dumas
I have ABC!
Paigan On Sunday, December 9 at 11:55 pm
My boys are :Alexzander Jay Trevor, Kennett Chance Leighton, Brighton Phoenix Orion….my oldest Daughter just named her first born Raiden Kane, Raiden was the name I wanted to use when pregnant with both of her older brothers and the youngest too! Dad just wouldn't have it though…lo and behold she used it instead….gave me a good giggle when she told her papa
Victoria On Thursday, December 13 at 12:53 pm
Happy to see Joseph on your list. My youngest is Joseph (actually my dad's middle name) but I also prefer Joe. It does have a confident ring to it! If I needed to pick another name for a baby boy (which thank goodness, I will not being doing so), I really like Beau and Preston.
Sherrylynn On Friday, December 14 at 9:55 am
I am half Scottish and a quarter Irish, so my favorites are mostly Celtic! My top 10 are: Seamus Mac, my youngest's name; Noah, my great-grandfather; Perry, my big brother; Loren, Daddy's middle and my oldest brother and his son's; Eoin, almost the baby's name; Casy Bud, my oldest, means fierce protector, brother (and he is both to a T); Benjamin, my doggies name, my sweet boy; James, the American version of Seamus, also my beloved stepdad and favorite cousin; Clark, another great-grandfather; and finally Mathew, shortened to Matty, I love it! Thanks for letting me share! Love <3
Karen Z On Tuesday, December 18 at 1:51 pm
My Great-Niece is only 12 but she likes a boy named Gage. I really like that name, sounds sexy!
Karen Z On Tuesday, December 18 at 1:57 pm
My Great-Niece is only 12 but she currently likes a boy named Gage. I like that name, it's sounds sexy!!
Lauren On Wednesday, December 19 at 3:17 pm
Benjamin is my boyfriend's name, and he is exactly what you describe- I think of him as my "strong and steady". I'm a lucky one
lucy B. On Wednesday, December 19 at 11:25 pm
My oldest Kolob, my little, Roberto gael
And I love:
Pablo (spanish for paul)


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First time cutting in 3 years.
Hey guys, I've been on a bulk for the past year and a half and finally made the decision to cut. I know plenty about bulking, training, etc., but when it comes to losing bodyfat and maintaining LBM, I don't know as much. I know a lot of the science behind it, but don't really know what to do exactly. I read an article called "The Ultimate Cutting Diet" by Dr Norton, and he told me the other day that while most of it is still correct, it is a little inaccurate since it's eight years old. I did the calulations for a Mesomorph using the method provided by Layne since I'm not entirely positive on my caloric maintainence and got 3150. It seems a little high, but within a 200 calorie margin of error probably. After doing a little math, I learned that I should be eating the following: 2750 cals, 250g protein, 61g fat, and 300g carbs if I want to lose around a pound per week. The other 100 calories or so he said to burn via cardio, so I do 4-6 30 second sprints to hit that goal. Normally I wouldn't really question Layne, but he did say that the article is 8 years old. What are you guys' opinions? I'm sure you all know more about cutting than I do and am more than willing to learn more.
EDIT: I'll link the article to you guys if I'm allowed to take you all over to a different website. I'm not sure what the rules about linking are yet.
Deadlift..............480 lbs
Squat.................365 lbs
Bench Press........255 lbs
Total..................1100 lbs
"I can do all things through Christ who gives me strength" Philippians 4:13
Last edited by Maxwell95; 07-04-2012 at 12:08 AM.
I think that I might just stay with my normal diet minus a couple hundred calories and do more cardio. That way I don't go too far under for sure.
Deadlift..............480 lbs
Squat.................365 lbs
Bench Press........255 lbs
Total..................1100 lbs
"I can do all things through Christ who gives me strength" Philippians 4:13
I don't care for metabolic calculations, that aside, not much has changed with how to get lean over the years.
It requires hard work and consistency, much like it always has. Simpliest way to find YOUR maintainence is to track your diet for a few weeks while your scale weight remains stable. That is your maintenance. Then adjust accordingly to make a caloric deficit (create most of the deficit by dropping carbs, but also make sure you clean up your diet as well if you are consuming junk). Getting lean is mostly a diet issue, don't go too nuts with cardio.
Make adjustments as scale weight, performance in the gym and the mirror dictate:
1) If you are doing well in the gym, but the scale is steady, then adjust calories down.
2) If you are losing weight and losing strength rapidly, then adjust calories back up a bit
3) If you are doing well in the gym, and you are happy with the mirror while the scale drops about 1 pound a week, then keep calories where they are.
James 1:16-17 ESV
Do not be deceived, my beloved brothers. Every good gift and every perfect gift is from above, coming down from the Father of lights
With God's help...Mens sana in corpore sano
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Click on the Strand Name to take you to Review on that Topic
SOL Review
Percent Representations ~ Percent Practice 2 ~ Percent Practice 3 ~ Percent Quiz
Modeling Percents ~ Percents and Fractions ~ Percents and Decimals
Equivalence Relationships Practice 1 ~ Equivalence Practice 2
Fraction, Decimal and % Review ~ Representing Decimals
Writing Fractions as Decimals ~ Writing Decimals as Fractions
Percent Relationship Links
Meaning of Percent Counting with Percents
Ratio Warm-up 1 ~ Ratio Warm-up 2 ~ Ratio Practice ~ Ratio Quiz
Ratios ~ Ratio Links
6.3 ~ a) Find common multiples and factors,
including least common multiple and greatest common factor;
b) Identify and describe prime and composite numbers;
and identify and describe the characteristics of even and odd integers.
Factors & Multiples 1 ~ Factors & Multiples 2 ~ Factors & Multiples 3
LCM and GCF Practice 1 ~ LCM and GCF Practice 2 ~ LCM and GCF Quiz
Prime & Composite 1 ~ Prime & Composite 2 ~ Prime & Composite 3 ~ Prime & Composite Quiz
Prime Factors ~ GCF ~ LCM ~ Prime Factorization Links ~ GCF and LCM Links
Using Number Patterns ~ Practice Factor Trees
6.4 ~ Compare and order whole numbers, fractions, and decimals.
Compare and Order 1 ~ Compare and Order 2 ~ Compare and Order Quiz
Compare & Order Fractions ~ Compare & Order Decimals ~ Comparing and Ordering
Comparing and Ordering Decimal Links ~ Comparing and Ordering Fractions Links
6.5 ~ Identify, represent, order, and compare integers.
Integers 1 ~ Integers 2 ~ Integers 3 ~ Integers Quiz
Integer Links
b) Find the quotient, given a dividend expressed as a decimal through thousandths
and a divisor expressed as a decimal to thousandths with exactly one non-zero digit.
Fraction Warm-up 1 ~ Fraction Warm-up 2
Fraction Warm-up 3 ~ Fraction Warm-up 4
Simplifying Fractions
Add & Subtract Fractions ~ Multiply & Divide Fractions
+ & - Unlike Fractions ~ + & - Mixed Numbers ~ Subtract & Rename
Multiplying Fractions ~ Multiplying Mixed # ~ Dividing Fractions ~ Dividing Mixed #
Add and Subtract Decimals ~ Multiply and Divide Decimals ~ Dividing Decimals
Fraction Problem Solving ~ Decimal Problem Solving
More Problem Solving
6.7 ~ Use estimation strategies to solve multistep practical problems involving whole numbers, decimals, and fractions.
Estimation Warm-up ~ Estimation Practice 1 ~ Estimation Practice 2
Estimation Quiz ~ Estimating Sums and Differences ~ Estimating Products
6.8 ~ Solve multistep consumer-application problems involving fractions and decimals and present data and conclusions in paragraphs, tables, or graphs. Planning a budget will be included.
Customary Length Practice ~ Metric Length Practice ~ Length Test
Customary Length ~ Metric Length
Customary Mass Practice ~ Metric Mass Practice ~ Mass Test
Customary Capacity Practice ~ Metric Capacity Practice ~ Capacity Test
Customary Mass and Capacity ~ Metric Mass and Capacity ~ Changing Metric Units
Measurement Vocabulary ~ Mass and Capacity Lesson
Area of Rectangles ~ Area of Parallelograms ~ Area of Triangles
6.10 ~ Estimate and then determine length, weight/mass, area, and liquid volume/capacity,
using standard and nonstandard units of measure.
Estimating Perimeter and Area ~ Estimating Area ~ Area Practice
Estimating Warm-up 1 ~ Estimating Warm-up 2
6.11 ~ Determine if a problem situation involving polygons of four or fewer sides represents the application of perimeter or area and apply the appropriate formula.
Perimeter Practice 1 ~ Perimeter Practice 2 ~ More Perimeter
Perimeter and Area Links
b) Derive approximations for pi (p) from measurements for circumference
and diameter.
Circumference Practice ~ Area of a Circle Practice ~ Mixed Practice
Circumference ~ Area of Circles ~ Circle Links
Area, Perimeter and Circumference Review
b) Measure and draw right, acute, and obtuse angles and triangles.
Classifying Angles ~ Angle Review ~ Classifying Triangles
Angles ~ Using Angle Measure ~ Angle and Triangle Review ~ Angle Links
Plane Figures Practice ~ Polygon Review ~ Two-Dimensional Figures ~ Quadrilaterals
Geometry Vocabulary ~ Classifying Polygons Links
6.15 ~ Determine congruence of segments, angles, and polygons by direct comparison, given their attributes. Examples of noncongruent and congruent figures will be included.
Congruent Figures Practice ~ Congruence Review ~ Similar and Congruent
6.16 ~ Construct the perpendicular bisector of a line segment and an angle bisector.
Bisector Practice ~ Mixed Review ~ Bisectors ~ Bisector Links
6.17 ~ Sketch, construct models of, and classify solid figures (rectangular prism, cone, cylinder, and pyramid).
Solid Figures Practice ~ Three-Dimensional Figures
Solid Figure Vocabulary ~ Classifying Solids Links
Graph Practice ~ Circle Graph Review ~ Data Displays Review
Bar and Line Graphs ~ Circle Graphs ~ Analyzing Graphs
Stem-and-Leaf Plot Practice ~ Stem-and-Leaf Plots ~ Stem-and-Leaf Plots
Box-and-Whisker Plot Practice ~ Box-and-Whisker Plots
Create a Graph ~ Graphing Links
Measures of Central Tendency Practice ~ Mean ~ Median, Mode and Range
Mean, Median and Mode
Mixed Review ~ More Review ~ Review Again
Statistics Vocabulary
b) determine and interpret the probability of an event occurring from
a given sample space and represent the probability as a ratio, decimal or percent,
as appropriate for the given situation.
Sample Space Practice ~ Probability Practice ~ Probability ~ Outcomes
Tree Diagrams ~ Probability Links
Patterns Warm-up ~ Patterns Review ~ Sequences
Exponents Practice ~ Powers and Exponents ~ Mixed Review
Scientific Notation Practice ~ Scientific Notations ~ Mixed Review
Powers, Exponents, Squares and Square Root Links
6.23 ~ a) model and solve algebraic equations, using concrete materials;
b) solve one-step linear equations in one variable, involving whole number
coefficients and positive rational solutions;
c) use the following algebraic terms appropriately:
variable, coefficient, term, and equation.
Variables and Expressions ~ Equation Review ~ Solving Equations
Solving Addition Equations ~ Solving Subtraction Equations
Algebra Vocabulary ~ Algebra Concepts Vocabulary
Jefferson Lab ~ Click on 40, then Math 6, then Let's Start ~
Play several times - a new test each time!
2006 SOL Released Test ~ 2006 SOL Released Test ~ Paper Version (in pdf)
The School Board of the City of Manassas does not discriminate on the basis of sex, race, color, religion, disabilities, or national origin in employment or in its educational programs and activities.


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Student Activities Calendar
Want to get involved with campus life?
Check out the different events and activities offered through the Student Activities Office and sponsored by the ASCC.
There are lots of exciting events planned this year.
Please come and enjoy the Free Concerts, Free Food and lots of fun (with valid Cerritos College Student Activities Sticker).
Student Activities Calendar for the 2014 - 2015 Academic School Year
Falcon Flyer
For more information on events and activities on campus and how you can get involved contact
the Student Activities Office at (562)860.4251 x2473 or x2474