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Electrostatic printing apparatus including structure for delivering developer or toner particles to a printhead forming an integral part of the printing device. Alternatively, the toner particles can be delivered to a charge retentive surface containing latent images. The developer or toner delivery system is adapted to deliver toner containing a minimum quantity of wrong sign and size toner. To this end, the developer delivery system includes a pair of charged toner conveyors which are supported in face-to-face relation. A bias voltage is applied across the two conveyors to cause toner of one charge polarity to be attracted to one of the conveyors while toner of the opposite is attracted to the other conveyor.
In another embodiment, a single charged toner conveyor is supplied by a pair of three-phase generators which are biased by a dc source which causes toner of one polarity to travel in one direction on the electrode array while toner of the opposite polarity travels generally in the opposite direction.
In additional embodiments of the invention, a toner charging device is provided which charges uncharged toner particles to a level sufficient for movement by one or the other of the aforementioned charged toner conveyors.
1. Printing apparatus including a toner delivery system, said toner delivery system comprising:
means for separating a quantity of charged toner into it positively and negatively charged components prior to the presentation of the toner to a development zone, said separating means comprising charged toner conveyor structure including means for creating at least one electrostatic travelling wave pattern for effecting movement of said charged toner.
2. Printing apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said conveyor structure comprises a pair of charged toner conveyors.
3. Printing apparatus according to claim 2 including means for oppositely biasing said pair of conveyors to opposite polarities whereby charged toner of one polarity is attracted to one of said conveyors and charged toner of the opposite polarity is attracted to the other of said conveyors.
4. Printing apparatus according to claim 3 wherein the magnitude of the electrical bias on each of said conveyors is at a level such that toner below a certain charge level is not attracted to the respective conveyors.
5. Printing apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said charged toner conveyor structure comprises a single charged toner conveyor and means for causing toner of one polarity to move toward one end of said single charged toner conveyor and toner of the opposite polarity to move to the opposite end thereof.
6. Printing apparatus according to claim 5 wherein said means for causing toner of one polarity to move toward one end of said single charged toner conveyor and toner of the opposite polarity to move to the opposite end thereof comprises means for superimposing a uniform electrostatic field perpendicular to the wave motion of said single conveyor.
7. Printing apparatus according to claim 6 wherein said means for superimposing a uniform electrostatic field perpendicular to the wave motion of said single conveyor comprises means for applying a dc voltage to said at least one single conveyor.
8. Printing apparatus according to claim 7 wherein said at least one single conveyor comprises a pair of three-phase AC voltage sources which are independently biased by said means for applying a DC voltage.
9. Printing apparatus according to claim 2 including means for charging uncharged toner and moving it to said conveyor structure.
10. Printing apparatus according to claim 9 wherein said toner charging means comprises air ionization means for generating ions for charging said toner.
11. Printing apparatus according to claim 10 wherein said air ionization means comprises a high voltage toner conveyor.
12. Printing apparatus according to claim 9 wherein said means for charging uncharged toner comprises a corona discharge device.
13. Printing apparatus according to claim 12 including an air source for carrying toner from a toner hopper past said corona discharge device.
This invention relates to a printing devices and more particularly to a developer or toner delivery system for presenting developer or toner to a charge retentive surface or an electronically addressable printhead utilized for depositing developer in image configuration on plain paper substrates.
Of the various electrostatic printing techniques, the most familiar is that of xerography wherein latent electrostatic images formed on a charge retentive surface are developed by a suitable toner material to render the images visible, the images being subsequently transferred to plain paper.
A less familiar form of electrostatic printing is what has come to be known as direct electrostatic printing (DEP). This form of printing differs from the aforementioned xerographic form, in that, the toner or developing material is deposited directly onto a plain (i.e. not specially treated) copy substrate in image configuration. This type of printing device is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,689,935 issued Sept. 5, 1972 to Gerald L. Pressman et al.
In xerographic printing systems, the latent images on a charge retentive surface can be rendered visible by the use of magnetic and fiber brushes, the former of which results in toner being presented to the charge retentive surface which has a fairly good charge distribution but toner particles having a low charge level are not avoided. The problem of charge distribution of the toner and the charge level has been addressed in copending application U.S. Ser. No. 926,169 assigned to the same assignee as this application. As disclosed therein, a developer or toner delivery system disposed to one side of a printhead includes a conventional magnetic brush supported for rotation adjacent a supply of developer contained in a hopper.
A developer donor roll is supported for rotation intermediate the magnetic brush and the printhead structure. The donor roll structure is spaced from the printhead approximately 0.006 inch. The magnetic brush has a DC bias of about 100 volts applied thereto via a DC voltage source. An AC voltage of about 400 volts is applied to the donor roll creates a localized field between the donor roll and the printhead causing toner to jump to the vicinity of apertures in the printhead.
Traveling wave devices have been employed for delivering particulate material to a charge retentive surface, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,872,361 issued to Masuda which discloses an apparatus in which the flow of particulate material along a defined path is controlled electrodynamically by means of elongated electrodes curved concentrically to a path, as axially spaced rings or interwound spirals. Each electrode is axially spaced from its neighbors by a distance about equal to its diameter and is connected with one terminal of a multi-phase alternating high voltage source. Adjacent electrodes along the path are conncted with different terminals in a regular sequence, producing a wave-like, non-uniform electric field that repels electrically charged particles axially inwardly and tends to propel them along the path.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,778,678 also issued to Masuda relates to a similar device as that disclosed in the aforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 3,872,361.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,801,869 issued to Masuda discloses a booth in which electrically charged particulate material is sprayed onto a workpiece having an opposite charge, so that the particles are electrostatically attracted to the workpiece. All of the walls that confront the workpiece are made of electrically insulating material. A gridlike arrangement of parallel, spaced apart electrodes, insulated from each other extends across the entire area of every wall, parallel to a surface of the wall and in intimate juxtaposition thereto. Each electrode is connected with one terminal of an alternating high voltage source, every electrode with a different terminal than each of the electrodes laterally adjacent to it, to produce a constantly varying field that electrodynamically repels particles from the wall. While the primary purpose of the device disclosed is for powder painting, it is contended therein that it can be used for electrostatic printing.
The Masuda devices all utilize a relatively high voltage source (i.e. 5-10 KV) operated at a relatively low frequency, i.e. 50 Hz, for generating his traveling waves. Another commonality among the Masuda et al devices is the nonrecognition of the problem caused by toner with a wide charge distribution.
The movement of toner via traveling waves for use in a xerographic development system is also disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 374,376 filed on May 3, 1982, now abandoned. In that application, there is disclosed a device comprising an elongated conduit which utilizes traveling waves for transporting toner from a supply bottle to a toner hopper.
The performance of xerographic printing systems based on electrostatic monopole force, broadly referred to as Charged Pigment Xerography (CPX), is strongly dependent on the distribution of charge on the toner and especially requires the avoidance of low (i.e. has the opposite sign from the electrostatic image) and wrong sign toner (i.e. toner that is charged to the same sign as the image to be developed) The performance of direct electrostatic printing systems also have the foregoing requirements.
Direct electrostatic printers are known in the art. For example, Pressman et al in U.S. Pat. No. 3,689,935 disclose an electrostatic line printer incorporating a multilayered particle modulator or printhead comprising a layer of insulating material, a continuous layer of conducting material on one side of the insulating layer and a segmented layer of conducting material on the other side of the insulating layer. At least one row of apertures is formed through the multilayered particle modulator. Each segment of the segmented layer of the conductive material is formed around a portion of an aperture and is insulatively isolated from every other segment of the segmented conductive layer. Selected potentials are applied to each of the segments of the segmented conductive layer while a fixed potential is applied to the continuous conductive layer.
An overall applied field projects charged particles through the row of apertures of the particle modulator and the density of the particle stream is modulated according to the the pattern of potentials applied to the segments of the segmented conductive layer. The modulated stream of charged particles impinge upon a print-receiving medium interposed in the modulated particle stream and translated relative to the particle modulator to provide line-by-line scan printing. In the Pressman et al device, the supply of the toner to the control member is not uniformly effected and irregularities are liable to occur in the image on the image receiving member. High-speed recording is difficult and moreover, the openings in the printhead are liable to be clogged by the toner. For these reasons, this method has not yet been put into practical use.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,491,855 issued on Jan. 1, 1985 in the name of Fujii, et al discloses a method and apparatus utilizing a controller having a plurality of openings or slit-like openings to control the passage of charged particles and to record a visible image by the charged particles directly on an image receiving member. Specifically disclosed therein is an improved device for supplying the charged particles to a control electrode and has made high-speed and stable recording possible. The improvement in Fujii et al lies in that the charged particles are supported on a supporting member and an alternating electric field is applied between the supporting member and the control electrode. Thus, as alleged therein, it has become possible to sufficiently supply the charged particles to the control electrode without scattering them.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,568,955 issued on Feb. 4, 1986 to Hosoya et al discloses a recording apparatus wherein a visible image based on image information is formed on an ordinary sheet by a developer. The recording apparatus comprises a developing roller spaced at a predetermined distance from and facing the ordinary sheet and carrying the developer thereon, a recording electrode and a signal source connected thereto, for propelling the developer on the developing roller to the ordinary sheet by generating an electric field between the ordinary sheet and the developing roller according to the image information, a plurality of mutually insulated electrodes provided on the developing roller and extending therefrom in one direction, an AC and a DC source are connected to the electrodes, for generating an alternating electric field between adjacent ones of the electrodes to cause oscillations of the developer found between the adjacent electrodes along electric lines of force therebetween to thereby liberate the developer from the developing roller. In a modified form of the Hosoya et al device, a toner reservoir is disposed beneath a recording electrode which has a top provided with an opening facing the recording electrode and an inclined bottom for holding a quantity of toner. In the toner reservoir are disposed a toner carrying plate as the developer carrying member, secured in a position such that it faces the end of the recording electrode at a predetermined distance therefrom, and a toner agitator for agitating the toner.
The toner carrying plate is made of an insulator. The toner carrying plate has a horizontal portion, a vertical portion descending from the right end of the horizontal portion and an inclined portion downwardly inclining from the left end of the horizontal portion. The lower end of the inclined portion is found near the lower end of the inclined bottom of the toner reservoir and immersed in the toner therein. The lower end of the vertical portion is found near the upper end of the inclined portion and about the toner in the reservoir.
The surface of the toner carrying plate is provided with a plurality of uniformly spaced parallel linear electrodes extending in the width direction of the toner carrying plate. At least three AC voltages of different phases are applied to the electrodes. The three-phase AC voltage source provides three-phase AC voltages 120 degrees out of phase from one another. The terminals are connected to the electrodes in such a manner that when the three-phase AC voltages are applied, a propagating alternating electric field is generated, which propagates along the surface of the toner carrying plate from the inclined portion to the horizontal portion.
The toner which is always present on the surface of lower end of the inclined portion of the toner carrying plate is negatively charged by friction with the surface of the toner carrying plate and by the agitator. When the propagating alternating electric field is generated by the three-phase AC voltages applied to the electrodes the toner is transported up the inclined portion of the toner carrying plate while it is oscillated and liberated to be rendered into the form of smoke between adjacent linear electrodes. Eventually, it reaches the horizontal portion and proceeds. When it reaches a development zone facing the recording electrode it is supplied through the opening to the ordinary sheet as recording medium, whereby a visible image is formed. The toner which has not contributed to the formation of the visible image, is carried along such as to fall along the vertical portion and then slide down into the bottom of the toner reservoir by the gravitational force to return to a zone, in which the lower end of the inclined portion of the toner.
Notwithstanding the advancements made in direct electrostatic printing, there is still need for improvement in the quality of the toner delivered to the substrate on which the images are formed. Specifically, a delivery system capable of delivering a high percentage of well charged (i.e. greater than 1 micron/gm) toner of the proper sign is highly desirable.
It is known to remove contaminants such as debris prior to the use of the developer for its intended purpose. Such an arrangement is disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 718,615, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,639,115 wherein a biased roller is disposed in the developer housing at a location suitable for removing debris such as paper fibers from the toner prior to use for developing the images. The foregoing application does not involve the type of printing herein contemplated nor does it suggest the type of toner delivery system disclosed and claimed herein. Its relevance is the altering of the composition of the toner by removing contaminants from the developer prior to image development.
It is also known to separate low charge residual toner from toner charged to the desired level. Such is disclosed in a residual toner removal apparatus in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 563,729. In that application a cylindrically shaped member comprising an electrostatic wave transport is adapted to move toner larger than a predetermined size and having a predetermined charge level along its longitudinal axis.
A charged toner conveyor is disclosed in copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 614,499, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,647,179 field in the name of Fred Schmidlin on May 29, 1984 which application is assigned to the same assignee as the instant application. The device disclosed therein differs from the U.S. patent application Ser. No. 563,729 in that, toner separation is not effected
The present invention provides a developer or toner delivery system which separates a quantity of toner into its positive and negative components and which transports or delivers toner which has a high percentage of a predetermined charge level and sign to the development zone. In a charged toner conveyor of the type disclosed in the U.S. patent application Ser. No. 614,499 toner of sufficient absolute charge is transported via a traveling electrostatic wave pattern with the positive toner being moved along the direction of wave motion by the tangential electric field pointed in the same direction. The negative toner is also moved along in the same direction by a reversed electric field a half wave later or earlier.
In order to separate the positive and negative toner there is provided in one embodiment of the present invention, two charged toner conveyors similar in function to the one described in the aforementioned Schmidlin application. They are supported partially opposite each other in a face-to-face relationship and are electrically biased to the opposite polarity. With this arrangement of the two charged toner conveyors, toner of one polarity is attracted to one of the conveyors while toner of the other polarity is attracted to the other conveyor. Toner of one polarity can be delivered to the development zone while the toner of the other polarity can be delivered to a toner waste container or to the developer housing.
In a another embodiment of our invention, the toner is separated into its positive and negative components by superimposing a uniform field perpendicular to the wave motion (parallel to the grid wires which have a relatively high resistance). One way of achieving the foregoing cross field arrangement is to provide connections on both ends of a charged toner conveyor containing resistive grid wires. Two biased, 3-phase generators are employed such that their average potentials provide DC tangential fields which will move the toner of opposite signs in opposite directions on the conveyor. We refer to this embodiment as a cross-field separator while the first described embodiment is referred to as simply a transfer separator.
In still another embodiment of our invention we use either the transfer separator or the cross-field separator with initially uncharged toner which is charged by a toner charging system having no moving parts. To this end, in one embodiment, uncharged toner is dispensed onto a high voltage charged toner conveyor which transports it to a low voltage, combination transport and separator or a cross-field separator. The uncharged toner can also be charged by depositing ions from an ion source.
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a printing apparatus representing the present invention;
FIG. 2 is schematic representation of a modified charged toner separator from that disclosed in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is schematic illustration of a charged toner separator device in combination with a toner charging apparatus; and
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a modified embodiment of the combined toner charging and separating device of FIG. 3.
Disclosed in FIG. 1 is an embodiment of a direct electrostatic printing apparatus 10 representing the invention.
The printing apparatus 10 includes a developer delivery system generally indicated by reference character 12, a printhead structure 14 and and a backing electrode or shoe 16. While the toner delivery system of the present invention is disclosed in connection with a direct electrostatic printer its use is not so limited. For example, it can also be utilized in a conventional xerographic copier or printer for delivering toner to a charge retentive surface having electrostatic images thereon.
The toner delivery system 12 comprises a sump 13 containing a quantity of charged nonmagnetic toner 17. A nonmagnetic donor roll 18 and a preloader roller 19 are provided for moving toner from the sump to a stationarily mounted toner conveyor 20. The preloader roll is preferably fabricated from soft rubber and is provided with a ribbed surface for effecting preloading of the donor roll thereby. The nonmagnetic roll 18 is rotatably supported and is provided with a DC biased AC power source 22 which causes the toner to be jumped from the roll 18 to the conveyor 20 across the gap 21 therebetween. A metering blade structure 23 is supported for wiping contact with the roll 18 and is thereby effective to both meter the toner to the desired thickness and charge charge it.
The conveyor 20 forms one member of a charged toner separator 24 while a conveyor 26 forms the other member. The charged toner conveyors 20 and 26 are supported in face-to-face relation over a portion of their extent as indicated at 28. The conveyor 20 includes a base member 30 on which there is carried an electrode array generally indicated by reference numeral 32 and preferably has a generally cylindrical shape. The conveyor 26 includes a arcuate shaped base member 34 having a plurality of electrodes on the surface thereof forming a second electrode array 35.
Each conveyor is utilized to transport only one polarity of toner particles delivered to the conveyor 20 via the nonmagnetic donor roll 18. To this end the electrode array 24 preferably comprises a three-phase grid structure comprising repeating groups of electrodes 36, 37 and 38 having a three-phase AC voltage source 39 operatively connected thereto for applying a voltage in the order of 30-1000 volts AC. The electrode array 32 preferably comprises a three-phase grid structure comprising repeating groups of electrodes 361, 371 and 381 having a three-phase AC voltage source 391 operatively connected thereto for applying a voltage in the order of 3-1000 volts AC.
The electrodes are connected to the AC voltage sources via phase shifting circuitry (not shown) which is similar to that disclosed in the U.S. patent application Ser. No. 614,499 such that a traveling wave pattern is established. The AC voltage sources 39 and 391 are interconnected by a DC voltage source 40 which serves to create an electrostatic field between the two conveyors 20 and 26 which causes toner of one polarity to be attracted to the conveyor 20 while toner of the opposite polarity is attracted to the conveyor 26.
The electrostatic field forming the traveling wave pattern of the conveyor 20 pushed the charged toner particles of one polarity along the surface of the conveyor 20 to the printhead 14. Toner particles of the other polarity are pushed along the conveyor 26 and are returned to the sump 13. Toner particles moved by the conveyor 26 are attracted to a biased roll 41 and scraped therefrom by a scraper blade 42.
A typical width for each of the electrodes is 1 to 4 mils. Typical spacing between the centers of the electrodes is twice the electrode width and the spacing between adjacent electrodes is approximately the same as the electrode width. Typical operating frequency is between 1000 and 10,000 Hz for 125 lpi grids (4 mil electrodes), the drive frequency for maximum transport rate being 2,000 Hz.
While the electrodes may be exposed metal such as Cu or Al it is preferred that they be covered or overcoated with a thin oxide or insulator layer. A thin coating having a thickness of about half the electrode width will sufficiently attenuate the higher harmonic frequencies and suppress attraction to the electrode edges by polarization forces. A slightly conductive overcoating will allow for the relaxation of charge accumulation due to charge exchange with the toner. To avoid excessive alteration of the toner charge as it moves about the conveyor, however, a thin coating of a material which is non-tribo active with respect to the toner is desirable. A weakly tribo-active material which maintains the desired charge level may also be utilized.
A preferred overcoating layer comprises a strongly injecting active matrix such as that disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 567,840 filed in the U.S. Patent Office in the name of Joseph Mammino et al on or about Dec. 30, 1983 and assigned to the same assignee as the instant application. As disclosed therein, the layer comprises an insulating film forming contiuous phase comprising charge transport molecules and finely divided charge injection enabling particles dispersed in the continuous phase. A polyvinylfluoride film available from the E. I. duPont de Nemours and Company under the tradename Tedlar has also been found to be suitable for use as the overcoat.
The printhead structure 14 comprises a layered member including an electrically insulative base member 60 fabricated from a polyimide film approximately 0.001 inch thick. The base member is clad on the one side thereof with a continuous conductive layer or shield 62 of aluminum which is approximately one micro thick. The opposite side of the base member 60 carries segmented conductive layer 63 thereon which is fabricated from aluminum. A plurality of holes or apertures 64 (only one of which is shown) approximately 0.007 inch in diameter are provided in the layered structure in a pattern suitable for use in recording information. The apertures form an electrode array of individually addressable electrodes. With the shield grounded or biased at a low negative voltage and a negative 350 volts applied to an addressable electrode toner is prevented from being propelled through the aperture defined by that electrode. With zero volts applied to an addressable electrode toner is propelled through the aperture. Image intensity can be varied by adjusting the voltage on the shield and control electrodes between 0 and minus 350 volts. Addressing of the individual electrodes can be effected in any manner known in the art of printing using electronically addressable printing elements.
The electrode or shoe 16 has an arcuate shape as shown but as will be appreciated the present invention is not limited to such a configuration. The shoe which is positioned on the opposite side of a plain paper recording medium 44 from the printhead deflects the recording medium in order to provide an extended area of contact between the medium and the shoe.
The recording medium 44 may comprise cut sheets of paper or as shown herein it can comprise a web of plain paper which is spaced about 0.005 inch from the printhead 14. The web which may be contained in supply roll 47 is transported in contact with the shoe 16 via edge transport rolls 48.
During printing the shoe 16 is electrically biased to a DC potential of approximately 400 volts via a dc voltage source 50.
Periodically, a switch 52 is actuated such that a DC biased AC power supply 54 is connected to the the shoe 16 to effect cleaning of the printhead.
Momentum transfer between the oscillating toner and any toner on the control electrodes of the printhead causes the toner on the control electrodes to become dislodged. The toner so dislodged is deposited on the copy substrate or medium 44 along with toner transferred through the apertures during the printing process.
The fusing station includes a fuser assembly, indicated generally by the reference numeral 55, which permanently affixed the transferred toner powder images to substrate 44. Preferably, fuser assembly 55 includes a heated fuser roller 56 adapted to be pressure engaged with a back-up roller 58 with the toner powder images contacting fuser roller 56. In this manner, the toner powder image is permanently affixed to substrate 44. After fusing, a chute, not shown guides the substrate 44 to a catch tray, also not shown, for removal from the printing machine by the operator.
The modified embodiment of the toner separator illustrated in FIG. 2 comprises charged toner conveyor 70 including a base member 72 supporting repeating groups of electrodes 74, 76 and 78 similar to those of FIG. 1. A pair of three-phase AC voltage sources 80 and 82 are provide for applying suitable voltages to the electrode groups. Two three phase generators are provided so their average potentials can be independently biased by a DC voltage source 84 to supply the desired tangential field for producing a uniform field perpendicular to wave motion (i.e. parallel to the electrodes). As shown, the toner of one polarity is moved toward one end of the conveyor 70 while toner of the opposite polarity is moved in the opposite direction. We have labeled the charged toner separator of Figure 2 the cross-field separator whereas the separator of FIG. 1 has been labeled transfer separator.
Disclosed in FIG. 3 is a toner charging device 86 that can be used with a charged toner separator similar to the one shown in FIG. 1. The toner charging device 86 comprises a high voltage charged toner conveyor 88 supported for receiving uncharged toner from a toner dispenser 90. The conveyor 88 is supplied with a relatively high voltage from source 92 which applies a voltage at a level sufficient to cause air ionization. The ions collect on the toner dispensed from the conveyor 88 whereby the toner particles are charged to a level sufficient for them to be transported and separated into positive and negative toner by a low voltage charged toner separator 94 similar to the separator 24. The separator comprise oppositely disposed low voltage toner conveyors 95 and 951. Alternatively, a cross-field separator could be use in connection with the toner charging device 86.
Disclosed in FIG. 4 is an modified form of the toner charging device of FIG. 3. As disclosed therein, uncharged toner from a toner hopper 96 is carried past a source 98 of ions by the use of an air source 100 which introduces air at greater than atmospheric pressure into the top inlet of the ion source 98 as well the air intake ports 102 of the toner hopper. The ions which are emitted from a corona discharge wire 104 are deposited on the toner as it is drawn past the ion source exit. The airflow is adjusted by bleed valves 106 to maintain approximately one full monolayer of toner moving a 50 to 100 cm/sec, as needed by the development system. The charged toner is then transported along a channel defined by opposed charged toner conveyors forming a charged toner separator 110 similar to the charged toner separator 17. The conveyors forming the separator are spaced approximately 0.010 to 0.0320 inch. The separator 110 has two branches 112 and 114, one for conveying toner of one polarity to a development zone and the other to a toner sump.
Referenziert von
Juristische Ereignisse


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guErRillA candy with Travis Hay
guErRilla candy is Travis Hay's one-stop destination for opinionated and informed musing about all things music, ranging from noteworthy news bits about the local scene to rants about how the national music media gets more things wrong than it does right.
Monthly Archive for March, 2007
COOL SHOW ALERT: Arctic Monkeys and Be Your Own Pet at the Showbox May 3
Two of Ear Candy's favorite new artists of 2006 (right next to Art Brut and We Are Scientists), Arctic Monkeys and Be Your Own Pet are touring together. This has potential to be one of the coolest indie rock club shows of the year. Their Seattle stop is May 3 at the Showbox. [Read More]
Air to play Tacoma (not the T-Dome), Nickel Creek at McCaw and The Fray to play Marymoor … twice
Some interesting shows popped up on the radar this morning in some unusual venues. First, The Fray is the first group announced to play at Marymoor Park this summer and the Denver band will play two shows at the outdoor venue. The dates are Friday, July 27 & Saturday, July 28. Tickets cost $40 and go on sale March 16 at noon. [Read More]
The Flaming Lips hit Broadway?
If any band was made for Broadway, it is the Flaming Lips. So when I scoped out the online version of Rolling Stone's The Smoking Section and read the juicy tidbit of gossip below, I wasn't surprised. [Read More]
John Mayer with Ben Folds to play Gorge June 2
Although the full Gorge lineup for 2007 has not been released, an observant reader sent me an email about John Mayer's summer tour. The tour begins June 1 at the Clark County Amphitheatre in Ridgefield and includes a June 2 date at the Gorge. [Read More]
Pearl Jam shuts down bootleg service … for now
I was browsing Pearl Jam's Web site and I saw that PJ is discontinuing its current online bootleg service. Actually, it was discontinued effective March 9. Customers who have purchased recordings from bootlegs.pearljam.com have 30 days to download their purchases before the service goes away. [Read More]
Show More

subset: commoncrawl


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Obama eyes cybersecurity order
In the aftermath of the failed attempt to pass federal cyber security legislation through Congress last month, the White House is preparing to issue an Executive Order to help protect the country's critical infrastructure from dangerous attacks.
Senator Susan Collins, who co-sponsored the proposed legislation with Senator Joe Lieberman, has also continued to press the issue, advocating for stiffer laws and regulations to protect critical U.S. infrastructure from attacks. The bill would have created voluntary cyber security guidelines for critical infrastructure systems, including utilities and smart grid companies. But opinions varied widely on whether the bill would be effective or would be too burdensome for businesses to implement, and it failed to win Senate approval.
Pushing for national cyber security policy
Now, recognizing a stubbornness and reluctance of Congress to act on what it views as key agenda items, the Obama administration is prepared to take cyber security matters into its own hands. Executive orders have the full force of law and are generally controversial, as they can be used to implement policy without congressional consent.
Similar to the intent of the Lieberman-Collins bill, the order would allow federal agencies (headed by the Department of Homeland Security) to suggest security best practices for critical infrastructure as well as create federal agencies to evaluate cyber threats, according to a review of the document by the Associated Press.
An issue for nearly a quarter century, cyber security protection will become increasingly important as the smart grid continues its expansion, which in turn raises the chances for security holes opening the door for attacks and hacks.
The Executive Order was confirmed in a letter released Friday by John Brennan, assistant to the President for homeland security and counter terrorism.
"Following congressional inaction, the President is determined to use existing executive branch authorities to protect our nation against cyber threats," Brennan wrote.
In a statement to the Washington Post, Senator Collins noted that an Executive Order should not be a replacement for legislative action, saying "An executive order could send the unintended signal that congressional action is not urgently needed."
Providing guidance for utilities
An issue for nearly a quarter century, cyber security protection will become increasingly important as the smart grid continues its expansion, which in turn raises the chances for security holes opening the door for attacks and hacks. This growth was confirmed in a report released Monday by energy research firm GlobalData. It projects that the global smart grid cyber security market will climb to more than $79 billion by 2020 and grow at a Combined Annual Growth rate of 20 percent.
What's more, it remains a mixed bag in terms of utilities' level of concern over cyber security, according to Bob Lockhart, senior research analyst with Pike Research.
"The education level of utilities is equally all over the block," he said. "When you have an interconnected grid, the problem is that as long as their are weaknesses somewhere, there are weaknesses everywhere."
Although the bulk power supply is already subjected to NERC CIP security standards, national scale guidance can help utility companies and smart grid stakeholders simplify and prioritize the cyber security process. It would also provide regulation for power distribution and the smart grid at the local level, and help utilities target funding and spending.
"The problem is that, in the absence of standards, utilities aren't sure what to buy," Lockhart said.
Along these same lines, the U.S. Department of Energy in June launched its Cybersecurity Capability Maturity Model as another method to help utilities fortify reliability and protect the grid.
The sticking point remains that, however valuable a national cyber security policy may (or may not) be, wide-sweeping regulation is likely to be difficult to implement given the highly regulated U.S. energy market and the overlapping oversight and standards of NERC, FERC, NIST, IEEE and others. The Executive Order would not require extra compliance from companies that are already meeting the suggested cyber security requirements.
Brennan concluded his letter saying that, "the companies driving cyber security innovations in their current practices and planned initiatives should help shape best practices across critical infrastructure."


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Don't miss this Oscar-nominated drama intertwining three globe-spanning stories.
Watch Charlie Sheen and Lindsay Lohan star in the latest installment of this comedy franchise that sends up classic horror films.
Watch a man discover he's fathered hundreds of kids through sperm donations.
Steve Coogan and Judi Dench star in this film about an Irishwoman searching for her long lost son.
Wes Anderson directs this quirky comedy about a gifted and rebellious teenager, Max, who is the star of the extracurricular activities at his elite academy school but is failing academically.
Steve Martin stars in this classic feel-good '80's comedy about family life.


text:
Wednesday, February 4, 2009
Minha conversa com Simone, no Brasil.
Brazilian perfume blogger Simone posts an interview with me at
her site + Q Perfume.
Posted by Avery Gilbert at 10:36 PM
Labels: perfume, smell psychology
1 comment:
- + Q Perfume said...
It was fun!!!
- February 8, 2009 at 10:43 AM
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


text:
We are looking for software reviewers to write for us.
Click Here
This guide is all about the platformer game known only as Coal Plant Christmas Edition. Within this guide you will uncover various tips and tricks to help you win. In the game after having your endurance put to the test you've finally managed to overcome the previous work section that was filled with dangerous guards.
The game is the sequel to the award-winning game called Coal Plant Endurance. Among other improvements over the original game the sequel now boasts special Christmas graphics as well as the ability to quickly save, load and restart your progress while playing a level. There are also some minor graphical improvements such as muzzle flash now facing the correct direction.
Learn about various tips and tricks for winning the game Coal Plant Christmas Edition in this guide. All of the sections in the guide are available below.
-Tips and Tricks
-Recommended Resources
The Introduction section introduces the topic of the guide which is about the game Coal Plant Christmas Edition. The Tips and Tricks section provides more information on the various tips and tricks that can be used to win this game.
The Recommended Resources section provides some additional related links for the avid player to find out about other platformer games they may be interested in.
Keywords: platform games, platformer, platform game, play platform games, platform
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Updated: 01/14/2013 1:29 PM KSTP.com By: Jennie Olson
Minnesota plans to make it easier for people researching their family histories to access old adoption records.
The Department of Human Services plans to digitize roughly 5 million pages worth of old adoption records, including some that date to the late 19th century.
The records are stored on about 2,000 rolls of microfilm at the department. The St. Paul Pioneer Press reports the agency put the job of digitizing the records out for bid last month, saying it shouldn't cost more than $67,500.
While there are about 5 million pages worth of old adoption records, each record varies in size from a few pages to several hundred pages. So, the microfilm rolls likely have information on thousands of adoptions, although officials haven't estimated an exact total.
(Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)


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Translate your ideas into polished diagrams with OmniGraffle, the flexible diagramming application for the Mac.
Explores OmniGraffle, the premier visual diagramming program on the Mac platform for developing wireframes and sitemaps.
Shows how to illustrate and communicate ideas with this powerful diagramming tool for the Mac.
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Wauneta Wuacaya Wranch
- View Lineage Chart - View Cria/Offspring - ARI Certificates - Histograms
ITS Bunny
Medium Fawn, 31658881, 5/8 Bolivian, 1/8 Chilean, 1/4 Peruvian
ITS Bunny is a Huacaya out of two Suris. She gained an average of .5#'s per day for the first month.
Ice Age is what every breeder is looking for: Flawless in conformation, Fiber, Bone and Presence and a perfect bite. Ice Age has a gentle and an easy going temperment which is passed on to his cria. He is an efficeint breeder settling the female in one service.
Listed by Walter van Poollen of Loveland, CO
Oscar gained an average of .62#'s per day for the first month. Being related to my foundation herd and having a herdsire for the herd, I will not be using this male. Price at what he is worth to me as a fiber male. Will be gelding him by his second birthday. Congratulations to Ken and Karen Wahlmeier of KW fiber farm in York Nebraska.
Click to Enlarge


text: NYX Seafoam Green Eyeshadow ($5.00 for 0.09 oz.) is a green-teal with a white frosted sheen and chunkier silver sparkle. It's a bit like MAC Aquadisiac, which also has a similar grit. Urban Decay Minx has a darker appearance, almost leans less green. Make Up For Ever #168 is much more intense and smoother. It's lighter and more teal compared to MAC Jealousy Wakes.


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Hold down Control (PC) or Command (Mac) key + mouseclick to select more than one option
|Avg. Dinner Entrée
|Greater than $25
|$18.01 - $25
|$12.01 - $18
|$7.01 - $12
|Less than $7
Posted by giraffina milanese on 05/25/2010
From the stale toasted bread to the "buffalo mozzarella" from 7-11, this is an embarrassment to good Italian food. Not fit for foodies.
Posted by Anna on 02/01/2010
Super Overrated!!! We were seated upstairs and it felt like we were eating in a den/library at someone's house; nothing like what I saw on pictures online! Food was nothing exceptional, it was like something you could make yourself! And even if the portions were little (no wonder the table looked like it was meant for small kids!), it was still an effort to finish the food. Also, there was no effort made in plating the pumpkin pie. It was just a sliced pie that tasted like it came from Costco. The 2 things that I can't complain about though are the service and the bread (served warm). For all the hoopla on this restaurant, NYC has other restaurants that offer so much more! Definitely not a fine dining experience!
Posted by Anonymous on 07/31/2008
I went to Cipriani's for lunch this afternoon. I think that it's worth going if you're able to go during Restaurant Week. At least at this location, Restaurant Week will continue on through Labor Day. The lunch/dinner menu changes every day, but I think that you will be satisfied with the various options.
Posted by jerry on 04/11/2008
This is quite expensive for the crowded and loud space and mediocre service. Food was fine, but there are numerous other restaurants in the city with better, plus I can hear the people I'm dining with when they speak, and my elbows don't knock against my neighbor. Fine, but overrated. The space is beautiful - the experience is not so much.
Posted by Anonymous on 12/15/2007
Cramped. Tiny tables. Overwhelming service drama. Coat check was a pile of coats on a table in front of the elevator. Waiters didnt know how dishes were prepared. Crazy expensive. And there was a loud party going on downstairs, could not hear ourselves over the music. Oh, and the chairs are incredibly uncomfortable.
Posted by Anonymous on 11/21/2007
The food at this restaurant is incredible and the service was lovely as well. However I was astonished at the ridiculously high prices. Also, the dining room feels as if you are eating in a closet - if there are any windows in that room it wasn't apparent to me.
Posted by Matt on 11/01/2007
Cipriani Wall Street is, in my opinion, the perfect blend of the highest quality cuisine and service fit for royalty. The small bar and seating area, as opposed to a negative, highlight the exclusivity of this fine restaurant. Overall, one of the best dining experiences of my life.


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On Holmes: One of the Terps' toughest players ... will be compete for playing time as an offensive midfielder ... also one of the team's top three short-sticks ... has garnered experience in big games ... has emerged as one of the team's strongest leaders ... another hard hitter who won the team's 2006 Hammer Award ... switched from No. 17 to No. 34 prior to the 2006 season ... is joined by his younger brother, Bryn, on the Terps this season.
As a junior (2006): One groundball in 8-7 overtime win at No. 1 Duke (3/4) ... two groundballs in 9-6 win over No. 15 Towson (3/11) ... one groundball and a caused turnover in 7-6 loss in double overtime to Bucknell (3/14) ... one groundball in 9-4 victory at UMBC (3/18) ... scored the second goal of his career in 14-2 win over Dartmouth (3/21) ... one groundball and a caused turnover in 9-6 win at North Carolina (3/25) ... tied career high with two caused turnovers in 15-5 loss to No. 1 Virginia (4/1) ... also picked up two groundballs vs. the Cavaliers ... scored the first goal of the game in 11-4 win at No. 6 Johns Hopkins (4/15) ... also picked up two groundballs vs. the Blue Jays ... scored a goal in 18-2 win over Sacred Heart (4/18) ... one groundball and a caused turnover in 10-9 win over North Carolina (4/28) in the ACC Semifinals ... caused two turnovers in 11-5 loss to No. 1 Virginia (4/30) in the ACC Finals ... two groundballs in 16-8 win over No. 12 Denver (5/13) in the first round of the NCAA Tournament ... one groundball in 11-6 win over No. 9 Princeton (5/21) in the NCAA Quarterfinals.
As a sophomore (2005): One ground ball and one caused turnover in 13-6 season-opening win over No. 5 Georgetown (2/26) ... showed tremendous poise in drawing a 3:00 non-releasable penalty during the decisive third quarter ... one caused turnover in 10-8 loss to Duke (3/5) ... played a big role in 9-5 win at No. 9 Towson (3/12), picking up four groundballs, causing two turnovers and firing the first two shots of his collegiate career ... scored his first collegiate goal on an assist from fellow short-stick def. middie Ryan Lang in 14-10 win at No. 18 Bucknell (3/15) ... that goal was the beginning of a 6-0 Terp scoring run ... also picked up two groundballs vs. the Bison ... one groundball in 9-8 loss at No. 8 Navy (4/8) ... one groundball in 11-6 loss to No. 1 Johns Hopkins (4/15) ... one groundball in 8-7 overtime victory over No. 3 Virginia in the ACC Semifinals (4/29) ... two groundballs and one caused turnover in 9-5 win over No. 2 Duke (5/1) to win the ACC championship ... two groundballs in 18-9 loss to No. 2 Duke (5/28) in the NCAA Semifinals.
As a freshman (2004): Short-stick middie who saw time in six games ... made collegiate debut in 17-12 win at No. 6 Duke (3/6) ... also played in 14-7 win over Bucknell (3/17) ... one groundball in 19-4 rout of Butler (3/23) ... late playing time with one groundball in 13-5 win over No. 13 Penn (5/8) in regular-season finale ... made NCAA Tournament debut in 9-8 (OT) loss to No. 6 Princeton (5/22) in NCAA Quarterfinals.
Before Maryland: Three-sport star at McDonogh School in Owings Mills, Md. ... named to Baltimore Sun All-Metro first team as a senior ... scored 21 goals and added 23 assists for 44 points ... an all-city/county selection in lacrosse ... a Maryland state wrestling champion at 145 pounds ... also played linebacker for the Eagles' football team ... honored as an all-county pick in football and wrestling ... a second team All-Metro wrestling selection by the Baltimore Sun.
Personal: Son of Erin and Cory Holmes ... brother of Bryn, who joins the Maryland team in 2007, Curtis and Steffani ... majoring in finance.


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MONROVIA - At long last, the Government of Liberia (GoL) has broken grounds for the reconstruction of the Mount Coffee Hydro Plant.
The Mount Coffee Hydro Power Plant, which was built in 1966, was damaged during the Liberian civil conflict in the 1990s. The Government of Liberia is rehabilitating it at a cost of over US$ 200 million.
President Johnson-Sirleaf led an array of government officials,donor partners, members of the diplomatic corps and a cross section of Liberians to the formal launching and unveiling program of the Mount Coffee Hydro-Plant Rehabilitation Project in White Plains, Harrisburg Township, Montserrado County on Saturday, January 25, 2014.
The Mount Coffee Hydro Electric Power Plant, which is co-financed by the Governments of Liberia, Norway and Germany, in partnership with the European Investment Bank (EIB) and the World Bank, capacity will jump to 80MW once completed.
With the hydro generating 80megawatt during the raining season, the government had indicated that current cost of electricity at $ 0.54 per kilowatt hour would be reduced by half.
In his introductory remarks at the program, the Project Manager of the Mount Coffee Hydro Project Implementation Unit (PIU), Mr. Randall Enns, said: "Construction work has already started and we are well on the way to meeting the December 2015 goal for the first power to be generated from the plant."
While assuring the Liberian government and people, he said the Government of Liberia(GoL) and its partners have decided to speed up the implementation of the project in a bid to meet the December 2015 deadline.
Mr. Enns disclosed that the Owner's Engineering Contract was signed in April 2013 with the Joint Venture of Norplan and Fichtner of Germany.
Following that, Mr. Enns said they immediately started providing support to the procurement process.
"By September of 2012, tendering was already underway for two important contracts, including the Owner's Engineer Contract and the Generating Equipment Contract," the PIU Project Manager stated.
The PIU Project Manager recalled that by August 2013, the Generating Equipment Contract was conditionally awarded to Voith Hydro of Germany, which allowed the company to immediately commence design work.
Mr. Enns mentioned that the formal contract was signed after achieving effectiveness of the financing agreements in October, 2013.
But he was quick to point out that there are three remaining contracts to be procured.
He named them as major civil works, including rebuilding the dam; the hydraulic steelworks, which is the equipment that controls the flow of water, and the substations and transmission lines.
Also making remarks at the program, Finance Minister Amara M. Konneh said, the project was an outcome of President Sirleaf's bold leadership and an important centerpiece of her flagship development agenda, the "Agenda for Transformation."
He described the ground breaking of the Mount Coffee hydro as an important step to bringing power to more people, across the country.
"Part-funded by significant investment from the Government of Liberia and a key element of its public sector investment strategy, it will mean a boost to businesses and light manufacturing industries, increasing employment opportunities." He stated.
Konneh said, the GOL had infused roughly 45 million to the energy sector, a key development priority of President Sirleaf.
"it is very important that we do all we can to ensure Mount Coffee is a success even if we have to cut foreign travels, gas, stracch cards and recurrent spending and save money to invest in project like these," the Finance mentioned.
"For those of our people who need to understand the extent to which this country was destroyed and the bold step we are taking to have our infrastructure revitalize, come to Mount Coffee," he challenged.
For her part, President Johnson-Sirleaf described the formal launching and unveiling program of the Mount Coffee Hydro-Plant Rehabilitation Project as a "really good day" for Liberia.
She thanked international partners and government ministers as well as members of the National Legislature who worked to make the day a reality.
She promised that government will continue to promote the collective spirit of being able to get things done, not only for the hydro, but for all the many development activities that are ongoing across the country.
Besides the hydro, the President pointed out that the river in the area will attract tourists to engage in fishing following the completion of the rehabilitation works, thereby helping to create jobs for people residing in the area.
She recalled that when she visited the Mount Coffee Power Plant in 2007, the road leading to the site was in a deplorable condition, noting that the condition is not the same today.
"During my visit to the site in 2007, I saw the old turbines and grids intact, but regrettably when I came back there in 2010, these things had disappeared," she decried.
Against this backdrop, the chief executive instructed the Commissioner of the Township of Harrisburg, Samuel Miller, to work with people working at the site to ensure that the materials that will be installed do not disappear.


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Thank you to all that made the trip to Camp Verde, Arizona for our Annual Conference! A special thank you to this year's host family, Gary and Beverly Messick.
Independent Baptist Indian Mission, Inc. is an independent Baptist mission organization established for the purpose of aiding churches and individuals in their missionary outreach to the Native Americans.
The ministries of the Independent Baptist Indian Mission promotes evangelical mission work, establishing indigenous churches, educational training, training of Indian pastors and workers and printing and distributing Gospel literature.
There are several ways you can help IBIMI; by praying for them, by corresponding with them, offering to host a mission conference at your church, and by giving financially.
We sincerely thank you for your support.


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September 27, 2013
Top Stories
World NewsAmerican teens may be among Kenya mall
NAIROBI, Kenya -- The Kenyan government believes that two American males and a British female were amongst the group of attackers that devastated Nairobi's Westgate Mall on Sept. 23 and killed more than 70 people. While neither the Kenyan nor United States government can confirm or deny the allegations, it is certain that the Al-Shabaab terrorist group has recruited American teens in the past.
Earthquake both devastates and creates
ISLAMABAD, Pakistan -- A 7.7-magnitude earthquake took place Tuesday in a remote, sparsely populated area of Pakistan's southwestern coast. The quake claimed the lives of more than 300 people, and in an ironic act of nature, its seismic waves have created a small, fertile island in the Arabian Sea.
Guide dog dies a hero
ATLANTA -- Simon, a guide dog, was struck by a car Monday while helping his blind owner and the man's 4-year-old son cross an intersection. After being hit, the 80-pound Boxer walked his owner, who was also injured, across the street while pushing the son away from traffic. Simon later died on the way to a veterinary clinic. The car had run a stop sign.
Teacher free after serving 30-day rape sentence
BILLINGS, Mont. -- A former high school teacher, who was found guilty of child rape, has been released from a Montana prison after completing a 30-day sentence. Despite initial outbursts by both the Billings and legal communities, the judge defended the sentencing and replied the victim acted "older than her chronological age."
Compiled by Logan Sweet
Sources: Associated Press, CNN, USA Today
NEWS HEADLINESSupport needed for SU alum Car sustains damages after rear-ending Trax bus Chemistry and music mix for SU professor How to prepare for life after college World News
Top Stories | News | Living & Arts | Forum | Sports


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|« Back to Article
USAA commits to vet hiring
By Patrick Danner : April 30, 2013 : Updated: May 1, 2013 3:53am
Photo By SAUL LOEB/AFP/Getty ImagesUS President Barack Obama shakes hands with military veteran David Padilla during an event highlighting Joining Forces hiring initiative for military veterans and spouses in civilian jobs in the East Room of the White House in Washington, DC, on April 30, 2013. Since President Obama challenged American businesses to hire US military veterans and spouses in August 2011, they have hired or trained 290,000 military veterans and spouses and now pledge to hire or train an additional 435,000 veterans and military spouses by 2018. AFP PHOTO / Saul LOEBSAUL LOEB/AFP/Getty Images
San Antonio's USAA is among a contingent of companies that together have committed to hiring 435,000 military veterans and their spouses over the next five years.
The initiative was announced by first lady Michelle Obama at a White House event Tuesday.
Businesses have hired or trained 290,000 veterans and military spouses in less than two years, Michelle Obama said. That's nearly triple the number of veterans and military spouses that President Barack Obama challenged the private sector to hire by the end of this year.
USAA and a handful other companies were recognized by Michelle Obama for taking part in the "Joining Forces" initiative to hire an additional 435,000 vets and military spouses.
"USAA is pledging that 30 percent of its new hires will be veterans or military spouses," Michelle Obama said. The company previously has said one out of every four new hires is a veteran or military spouse.
Joe Robles, president and CEO of the financial services and insurance company, attended the White House event. USAA has hired 6,000 vets and military spouses since 2005, it said in a statement.
The company, San Antonio's largest private-sector employer, announced in March plans to add as many as 3,500 jobs over the next three years, including up to 1,000 in San Antonio. It already employs about 16,400 in San Antonio.
The company would hire more than 1,000 vets and military spouses if it meets its goal.
More than 1 million service members are expected to leave the military over the next five years.
Other companies that have committed to the initiative, with the number of vets and military spouses they said they will hire:
• Home Depot, 55,000
• BNSF Railway, 5,000
• Wal-Mart has said it will hire any veteran, who served honorably, the year after he/she leaves the service.
With the improving economy, hiring of veterans who served after the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks has picked up. The jobless rate for those vets was 9.9 percent last year, down from 12.1 percent in 2011. Still, that's higher than national unemployment rate of 7.6 percent.
Speaking on the importance of hiring vets, President Obama said: "That's our sacred obligation, to make sure they get the care, the benefits and the opportunities that they deserve, and that includes economic opportunities."
The Associated Press contributed to this report.


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Easter blessings
Interesting ArtWalk made up for the wild wind ... in Cockerell Galleries, MizLook greeted Larry Cox and dance team Duane and Tracy Ramelot. She also observed works by T.M. Gand, Bonni Littleton, Nancy Beckham Capra and Hannah Capra, and enjoyed meeting Jami Chance and her students on the street level who performed some belly dancing for passersby. MizCostume remembers that this was the sort of entertainment they did in the 70s to get even with the stock market..
This is the month for Volunteer Appreciation, and Los Aficionados featured Patricia Ditmore, Office Manager/Volunteer Coordinator at The Grace, in a summary of its 100th Birthday being achieved partly because of its volunteers through the years. She announced the selection of Jamie Villegas as Volunteer of 2009. Hostesses: Gwen Kaiser, chair; Bev Wright; Linda Chase; Lou Streeter; Nadene Lyles; Wanda Lock.
This has been Holy Week 2009 Holy Week Luncheons with the theme "Out of the Corner of Your Eye" where speakers Cliff Stewart; Phil Christopher; Greg Kennedy; Mike Cope; Don Wilson have preached at rotating churches First Christian; Highland Church of Christ; First Baptist; St. Paul UM; First Central Presbyterian - for luncheons by Sharon Riley's Barbeque(11:45AM); worship services (12:15PM); dismissal (12:50PM). Appreciation is extended to the attendees; sponsoring churches; speakers.
This type of cooperation has been in effect for many years.
When MizSee attended the Annual Production of The Living Last Supper at St. James United Methodist Church she thought cast members: Kerry Goff; Jerry Kingston; Walter Fish; Isaac Dunn; Jason Ligon; Denny Turner; Steve Ayers; Don Christensen; Frank Norwood; Van Ligon; Joe Welsh; Jake Wade; Eddie Sides; James Arrington each did an outstanding revelation of his character; the Choral Ensemble was outstanding, Pianist Lora Lynn Christensen, and Technical Cast produced magical effects.
The American Heart Association provided a good time gala for all while extending its HEARTFELT THANKS to many who made possible "An Evening in Tuscany Heart Beat '09" in honor of longtime supporter Kent Wadell of Kent's Harley Davidson. Presenting Sponsor: Hendrick Heartsaver Network; VIP-Party Sponsor: Cardiology Consultants; Spotlight Sponsors: Abilene Regional Medical Center, TXU Energy; Western Marketing; Emcee: Dennis O'Connell; Auctioneer: Tom Taylor; Committee Chair: Jackie Love; et al..
Zack Harmon Band helped get things and people together honoree's family: son Rick Waddell from Colorado; son Grady and wife Rose Waddell of Abilene; grandchildren Amber Waddell and Michael Waddell of Austin; neighbors and friends at the honoree's table Marj Baucum; Jerry and Nell Carter; Doug and Dorothy Borden; Rae and Ola Giles. Scattered: Frann Smith, Executive Director of the local organization; Scott and Tina McDonald; Carl Childers and Jose Delucchi; Gary Jamison and Myra Dean; Richard Burdine and Vickie Burdine (w/Doncaster) who had just been the auctioneer at the Old Bags Luncheon benefiting Alliance for Women & Children.
One thing for sure: news is constantly changing; no chance to be bored.
Melinda Mingus MD of New York attended a medical seminar in Fort Worth last week, and mother Roy Helen Ackers and aunt Frances Sears went for an overnight visit with her at the Worthington Hotel. They met Michael Weber, MD from Germany, and served as his models as he illustrated the new high focused weberneedle system in Laserneedle Acupuncture.at least they thought they were worlds better!
Young Masters Day on April 1st proclaimed by Mayor Norm Archibald featured: Young Masters Art Exhibition Juried by former Abilenian Randy Bacon presented by Abilene Education Foundation (Judy Godfrey and committee) - at The Grace Museum by Advanced Placement studio art students in the Early College Advanced Placement Incentive Program of the AISD. AP teachers involved: Sherry Griffith; Julie Simer; Jill Maxwell; Marsha Morgan and Gary Brown; work was framed by Linda Stricklin of Abilene Frame-N-Art Shoppe. Winners: (Scholarships) Best in Show - Stephen Wilson, CHS; First Place - Abel Castillo, AHS; Second Place - Jordan Rodgers, AHS; Third Place - Hailey Faircloth, CHS; Merit Awards: Rebecca Roady, AHS; Hannah Capra, CHS; Clair Dickey. AHS; Honorable Mentions: Kevin Yeakie; Rikki Williams; Courtney McGaha; Lauren Otis; Blake Holder; Tommy Bartlett. Over 400 people attended this event!
Country Club Saturday Morning Breakfast Buffet: A good time for the Hirsch family: Dr. Victor and wife Sherry were hosting: son John Hirsch, who teaches chemistry and environmental systems in Anson High School and wife Kandis; and daughter Samantha and husband Kevin Goodman of Lubbock.
Texas Rodeo Cowboy Hall of Fame, located in the Bell County Expo Center, is dedicated to the sport of rodeo and to preserving the history and heritage of the Texas Rodeo Cowboy and Cowgirl. The Hall holds an induction ceremony each year to recognize the contributions of world champions, as well as lesser known heroes and heroines. In the 2009 Induction Ceremony at Belton, Texas, the Bland name was widely recognized. Among Inductees, as a nationally famous Rodeo Couple were Rosemary and R. L. Bland of Trent, Texas, who reared a family of rodeo cowboys and cowgirls: Rex, John, Steve, Diltizie and Becky who were all top hands competing on both ends of the arena.
Among the "Empty Saddles Deceased" Division, Tootie Bland, widow of Steven "Dooky" Bland (who won his first saddle at the age of 5 and was recognized with many honors during his lifetime including receipt of the Linderman Award) accepted the induction honor on his behalf.
Abilenians who attended the ceremony were: Gerald and Yanell Rieder; James Duke; Damon Albus.
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August 4, 2015
A New Mexico legislator says she'll try again next year now that a state Senate committee has rejected a bill to end promotion of third-graders whose reading ability isn't adequate.
The Senate Education Committee rejected the so-called "social promotion" bill sponsored by Republican Sen. Gay Kernan of Hobbs on a 5-4 party-line vote following a nearly four-hour hearing Saturday.
The legislation is a priority of Republican Gov. Susana Martinez, but it's been repeatedly rejected by the Democratic-led Legislature.
The Albuquerque Journal (http://bit.ly/ZBmkSK ) reports that Senate Democrats are focusing on alternative plans that focus on teaching intervention programs for underperforming students.
A House committee rejected a version of the bill last week.
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text: Gavin RichJohannesburg - There are some who are saying it is not official, but if the All Blacks are to be prevented from winning the Tri-Nations trophy in 2010, it definitely won't be the Springboks who stop them. Australia can still theoretically ruin their party if they beat the Kiwis in their next two matches, something that looked most unlikely when the All Blacks scored seven tries against them en route to a 49-28 victory in Melbourne at the weekend. Even then, the Wallabies would have to rely on the Springboks winning the August 21 showdown between the two old rivals in Soweto. But the Springboks cannot retain their trophy for even if they won with a four try bonus point in each of their remaining three matches, the massive points differential between them and the All Blacks would mean they would have to win each of those games by scores that just aren't realistic, and the All Blacks would have to go the rest of the competition without even a solitary bonus point. The Boks probably knew it was all over when they lost in Brisbane, and maybe it is a good thing that Melbourne put them out of their misery, for it does mean the "dead rubber" Tests that will make up the rest of their Tri-Nations season can be used for experimentation. On the evidence of the latest All Black win, the New Zealanders have gone some distance ahead of their other two southern hemisphere rivals, a fact that is quite bizarre if you consider how South Africa dominated the Super 14 and how the local Super 14 teams dominated Kiwi opposition. Quite obviously the biggest decision the Springboks have to make before they even select their team for the match against the All Blacks is what kind of rugby they are going to employ in the remaining matches. There have been calls for them to radically reinvent themselves, and there is no doubt the All Blacks, and Australia for that matter, are playing the game at a significantly quicker tempo than the Boks. At the same time however, there may be some sense in the call from some rugby thinkers, most notably Saracens coach Brendan Venter in the Sunday media, to resist the temptation to make the reinvention too radical. He is right when he says the Bulls and Stormers dominated the Super 14 with a game-plan which was still based quite heavily around kicking strategy – and the Super 14 was played to the new law interpretations. And it is also true that New Zealand are doing more kicking than many people suspect they are. In the second Test against South Africa in Wellington they hardly kicked a single ball in the first half, but then they were playing into a strong wind at the time. In the second half of that game they kicked a lot more, and they do rely heavily on turn-overs through opposition mistakes like the Boks did last year. A high proportion of their tries against Australia were the product of elementary errors. Richie McCaw was the man of the match in Melbourne, and his domination of the breakdowns also brought home another point – this is an aspect of the game that the Boks are going to have to give massive attention to before the home leg. They cannot just blame the referees for the way the breakdown battle is turning out, for with a South African referee in charge in this latest match, there was not a lot of adaptation evident from the New Zealand and Australians as they switched from the Irish referees. Unfortunately for the Boks their best fetcher, Heinrich Brussow, is out injured, and the one player in the squad that toured overseas was dropped after the Wellington Test. But Francois Louw did show a significant improvement on his first outing against the All Blacks in Auckland, and in retrospect, leaving him out for Brisbane was a massive mistake. Juan Smith has proved his fitness in the Currie Cup and should be considered a certainty for the home matches, but with Schalk Burger no longer playing too the ball to the extent that he used to, the probable back row of Burger, Smith and Pierre Spies which has done well in the past now appears to lack balance. Unless they go for an out and out fetcher like Jacques Botes, the other South African player in the Louw mould is Jean Deysel, who made an impressive return to rugby after an injury lay-off in the latter stages of the Sharks' match against the Cheetahs in Bloemfontein at the weekend. Of course, hooker Bismarck du Plessis's anticipated return this weekend at Currie Cup level should also be watched closely, for apart from bringing much needed mobility – and regardless of how much they adjust their game, there is no debate that the Boks do need to be quicker – Du Plessis is also excellent in scavenging for the ball on the ground. Du Plessis's inclusion would not necessarily mean John Smit's place in the team is under threat – he was excellent at loosehead for the Sharks in the Super 14 and the Boks wouldn't lose anything if he made the switch across to the No 1 jersey.


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Watch the 69th running of the Little Brown Jug from the Delaware County, Ohio fairgrounds.
Go to the Little Brown Jug web site for a list of scheduled stakes races and more information.
Enter Fazoli's Pick The Jug Winner contest
The contest will open Tuesday, September 16th at
2 pm.
Contestants will make selections on races 9 thru 18 on
Little Brown Jug Day THURS September 18th.
: 1st Place/Grand Prize- Grand Prize: A VIP Experience at
the 2015 Little Brown Jug - Prize would include airfare and accommodations (provided for
by a gift card for $1,500), two Hospitality Pavilion tickets for next year's
race, a visit to the Announcer Booth, a visit with Driver of Choice, a visit to
the Winners Circle, and a Starting Gate ride.
2nd Place-$100 Fazoli's gift
3rd Place-$50 Fazoli's gift card.
Meadowlands Racing & Entertainment - 1 Racetrack Drive - East Rutherford, NJ 07073 - Call us at (201) THE-BIGM
©2015 New Meadowlands Racetrack, LLC. All rights reserved.


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Gear Review
Good at first but..
- Gender: Male
- Familiarity: I've used it several times
Blown-lite outsole peeled off of the left boot after 12 days of riding which included hiking a couple of features for a few days. Boas are cool, but ended up getting in the way (bulky in the pant leg on the front). The boa on the right outside also broke after my second day out (cosmetic). There are some good things about the boot though. Bought them with Ride Maestro bindings and the ankle straps created advanced wear and tear one the boot's outer. Didn't get anywhere close to as much time as I should have for boots this spendy without having these issues. I really wanted them to work out but the cons and falling apart issues are outweighing the good parts.
View More Details on Ride Insano Focus Boa Snowboard Boot - Men's


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The SAT isn't the kind of test students can cram for in one night.
Help your kid get a better score
1 Get familiar with the test. The College Board, which administers the exam, offers free practice resources, such as SAT test directions, sample questions, test-taking approaches and an official practice test. Check out sat.collegeboard.org/practice.2 Cramming and short-term test prep aren't the way to better SAT scores. Research has shown the average gain from short-term test prep is similar to the gain that comes from taking the test a second time. "The best way to get ready for the SAT is to do well in school, take the most rigorous courses available, study hard and read as much as possible," according to the College Board.3 Licensed test-prep companies aren't endorsed by the College Board. The College Board uses its retired test content to create practice tools available on its website. Test-prep companies can't use any of that content.College Board
The college entrance exam is designed to show how much and how well they can apply the academic lessons they learned throughout high school.
That's one reason to be concerned with the latest results, which show statewide public school students' scores falling for the fourth consecutive year.
When asked about the scores, state Superintendent of Education Mick Zais ticked off four bigger problems the state needs to address — elementary-aged children's literacy; a one-size-fits-all model; a lack of choices for students outside the public system; and holding educators accountable for results.
"Until you fix the big things, you'll spend a lot of effort working on the small things that don't have a lot of impact," he said.
The state's public high school seniors scored a composite 1,422 out of a possible 2,400 — or 800 on each of the exam's reading, math and writing sections. That's down five points from 2011.
The state again fell below the national average for public school students of 1,477, which dropped four points from the previous year.
The country as a whole generally has seen scores dropping, although it saw a record 1.66 million students take the test. FairTest, a nonprofit advocacy group dedicated to preventing the misuse of standardized tests, said the national trend for all students has been on the decline since the test added a writing section six years ago.
In the Lowcountry, Charleston and Dorchester 2 schools bucked the statewide trend of falling SAT averages. Charleston saw its composite average score rise 16 points to 1,442, and suburban Dorchester 2 had its overall average improve by 12 points to 1,463.
Berkeley County schools saw its composite average fall four points to 1,443, and the average in rural Dorchester 4 slipped 35 points to 1,332.
Melissa Matarazzo, Charleston schools' executive director of achievement and accountability, said it's important to look at scores over time, and those appear to be trending in the right direction in Charleston. She would like to see Charleston's writing scores improve further, and that's a focus for the entire district.
Ginger Reijners, Charleston schools' director of secondary guidance, said it's up to schools to decide who should take which college entrance exam and how students are prepared, and they have more options.
"More opportunities are in place to help students prepare," she said.
Some schools have prep classes for which students can earn high school credit, while others make the PSAT, or the Preliminary SAT, available for students to take, she said.
Zais said parents should know the SAT is vitally important for admission to certain colleges, but it's not a good indicator of the efficacy of individual schools. Some schools encourage all students to take the exam, while others don't.
"I don't put much stock in it," he said.
Many four-year universities require students to take the ACT or SAT, but an increasing number of colleges don't require either. About 850 schools nationally don't require either in an effort to look more deeply at individual students. Furman University in Greenville is among those schools.
The College Board also released on Monday state-level Advanced Placement results, which reflect how students are faring on efforts to earn college credit. More than 1,800 additional students earned "passing" scores on the Advanced Placement exam compared to last year, and the overall number of test-takers increased by 14.3 percent to 21,432 students.
Local district and school Advanced Placement figures weren't available.
Reach Diette Courrégé Casey at @Diette on Twitter or 937-5546.
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Gear Review
Great so far
I've only had a chance to use the jacket a couple times now but overall it seems good so far. Fit is definitely slimmer, I'm 5'11 and 125 lbs and a small fits me perfectly. I've used it as a wind jacket over a short sleeve wool jersey in 52 degree weather and was comfortably warm. I also used it in a light rain storm but nothing near downpour to test the actual water proofness of the material. The jacket is very lightweight and packs down small into one pocket on a jersey which is nice. Zipper works both ways so you can vent from the bottom.
The only gripe I have, and it's partially my fault, is the wrists fit large on me so a headwind tends to get up in the jacket and fills the jacket behind my shoulders. Some vents would probably solve the problem.
View More Details on Hincapie Sportswear Elemental Rain Jacket


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More young people with autism and intellectual disabilities could soon be enrolling in college. 22News found out about a pilot program that has tremendous success.
The new program brings people with autism and intellectual disabilities into more college classrooms.
Students with autism or intellectual disabilities ages 18 to 22 experience barriers between high school and adult life, limiting their access to a proper education. A pilot program called Inclusive Concurrent Enrollment, or "ICE," allows students with disabilities to enroll in classes at public universities while still in high school.


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A method of recognizing an audio and/or visual format in a digital transmission network such as the Internet wherein formats include a quasi-continuous or divided in packets sequence of data, at least part of the sequence of data is analyzed for the presence of one or more bit patterns, and a notice is given in response to recognition of a predetermined format in an analyzed bit pattern.
1. Method for preventing the receipt by an unauthorized receiver of digital audio/video data transmitted over a digital transmission network, comprising
storing and analyzing in a server, arranged upstream from a receiver, all or part of said data directed to said receiver for detecting a predetermined bit pattern of an audio/video format, wherein said bit pattern comprises a synchronizing word of an audio/video format and said analyzing comprises verifying the distance between sync-words from the frame lengths of a sequence of data, according to said audio/video format,
if said predetermined bit pattern is determined to be present, performing, wholly within the server, a verification of the legality of the transmission of said data, and
delivering said data to the receiver over the digital transmission network or blocking the delivery of the data to the receiver over the digital transmission network as a function of said verification.
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19. Method for preventing the receipt by an unauthorized receiver of digital audio/video data transmitted over a digital transmission network, comprising
storing and analyzing in a server, arranged upstream from a receiver, all or part of said data directed to said receiver for detecting a predetermined bit pattern of an audio/video format, wherein a synchronizing word in said data is analyzed for the presence of a bit pattern indicative of whether the content information in the digital data is prohibited to the receiver,
if said predetermined bit pattern is determined to be present, performing, wholly within the server, a verification of the legality of the transmission of said data, and
delivering said data to the receiver over the digital transmission network or blocking the delivery of the data to the receiver over the digital transmission network as a function of said verification.
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38. Method for preventing the receipt by an unauthorized receiver of digital audio/video data transmitted over a digital transmission network, comprising
storing and analyzing in a server, arranged upstream from a receiver, all or part of said data directed to said receiver for detecting a predetermined bit pattern of an audio/video format,
if said predetermined bit pattern is determined to be present, performing, wholly within the server, a verification of the legality of the transmission of said data, and
delivering said data to the receiver over the digital transmission network or blocking the delivery of the data to the receiver over the digital transmission network as a function of said verification, wherein at a router of different Internet servers prepared lists are continuously compared one to the other and/or updated or exchanged.
The invention regards a method for recognizing audio-visual data in transmission networks, in particular Internet. For watching over the net it is not necessary to verify the contents of determined data, but only their format. In Internet today there are presented, transmitted and/or downloaded data files. Data are also proposed as so called Live-Streams, i.e. transmitted in a quasi-continuous way—with live or on demand audio-visual contents. Various determined formats are used from Microsoft, Real Networks, MPEG and others. Due to the better access for the Internet surfers and to the very great offer of music, the presence of musical data files in the mp3 format (MPEG 1, 2 and 2.5 Layer 3) in particular has increased in an exponential way. This method is known from the international standards ISO/IEC 11172-3 and 11318-3. The copyrights of the authors and the publishers, as well as other possible rights, of the said music files, are usually not taken in consideration by the Internet surfers during the downloads and very often by the exhibitors too. We can expect other coding methods to be used in different networks, like e.g. MPEG 4 AAC or MPEG 4 Twin VQ/AAC, mp3pro, AACPlus or MPEG 4 Video and also proprietor not standardized methods of Companies which have gained a place on the market, the so called Industry Standards.
Usually mp3-files are available on web-servers and can be reached by browsers like e.g. Netscape Navigator, Microsoft Internet Explorer, or others, using an URL (Unified Resource Location). If the Internet surfer could store an Audio or Video file on his or her own computer, he or she can reach it usually by clicking, i.e. controlling the web contents by means of the mouse, on the corresponding name, which indicates a piece of music, a film, a Radio or TV program. The file is transferred from the Internet to the user through a TCP/IP or FTP/IP or UDP/IP protocol, or possibly with RTP or RTSP. Due to the separation of the application from the IP protocol, it is not possible to know the format used in the transmission. This is valid for the last router of the Internet surfer too.
There is no control possibility for analyzing not allowable audio-visual files or formats and stopping the Internet access or transmission. Consequently the proprietors of rights e.g. for texts, music, movies, productions, lose all or part of their incomes. Padlocks are provided, which should prevent that, with the effect that corresponding unlocking algorithms are developed and the payment for the audio-visual productions are again circumvented.
It is an aim of the invention of avoiding the above said disadvantages.
This aim is reached by means of a method having the characteristics according to claim 1, while advantageous implementations are described in the subclaims.
The invention will now be described in more detail by means of implementation examples.
Here are the characteristics of a first implementation example are shown in Table 1:
By means of a searching algorithm, preset for recognizing the bit patterns "11" and "0101", the beginnings of a 4th and 8th frame are searched for. The knowledge of the distances between two "11" of a 4th block and two "0101" of a 8th block are used as a check for avoiding a mistaken interpretation of the found data pattern.
Data signals can be transmitted with or without error protection. In the last case, another parameter, namely the number of the checks, can be used for deciding whether or not the identification is correct. Furthermore it has to be considered that at least 3 out of 4 frames must show the corresponding data pattern.
Correct Interpretation
Bits 1 and 2, as well as 13 and 14, as well as 37 and 38 are identified as "11" data pattern. Because only a position, i.e. 25 and 26 do not show "11" but "10", this fact will be considered a transmission error by the algorithm.
False Interpretation
Bits 2 and 3, as well as 14 and 15 are identified as "11" data pattern. Later, during the check of bits 26 and 27 as well as 42 and 43, which show one time "01" and one time "10", the algorithm concludes that they are not the correct beginnings.
The special characteristics of the second implementation example are:
The construction of a mp3 data stream, the so called Audio Frame, appears, according to ISO/IEC 11172-3 and 11318-3, in the way shown in Table 2:
The composition of the four segments of data, or fields, like Header, Error Check, Audio Data and Ancillary Data is as follows:
Header, consisting of Syncword, ID, layer, protection_bit, bitrate_index, sampling_frequency, padding_bit, mode, mode_extension, copyright, original/copy, emphasis
Error check, consisting of Crc_check
Audio data, consisting of Bit_allocation, scalefactors, samples
Ancillary data, consisting of Free Data, to be defined by the user.
In this implementation example, in particular the first variables of the header are used for the analysis, like the fields
Syncword, which has always for definition the contents '1111 1111 1111',
ID, which in the MPEG use, as in the example has the contents '1' and
Layer, which in Layer 3 use, as in the example has the contents '01' and
Bitrate_index, according to the following table, which indicates the used Bitrate and also the length of the frame.
"1111" is not allowed due to the collision with the Syncword identification which has the contents '1111 1111 1111'.
Furthermore other variables, like for instance Bit_allocation or Scalefactors, can be used for the analysis.
With a 128 Kbit/s mp3 encoding and a frame duration of 24 ms, the mp3 Audio Frame has an average length of 128000 Bit/s*0.024 s=3072 bits=384 Bytes.
The Internet transmission protocols are directed to the OSI-reference pattern represented in Table 4. The application Data—here mp3—are located in the Layer 1 layer. This cannot be exchanged with Layer 1 of the ISO/IEC MPEG Standard.
The known protocols used for Internet are located in Layer 4 and Layer 3, here also TCP and IP. A typical size of the in Internet transmitted packets is 1.5 Kbyte, which means that the 384 Byte size of the Audio Frame used in the example, can be contained many times inside a TCP/IP packet.
The marking variables contained in an Audio Frame, like Syncword, ID and layer can appear many times in each TCP packet.
The TCP packets transmitted in Internet are identified by a Header too, which by the way shows the so called port numbers, which identify the transmitting and receiving applications, and a sequence number, which gives the position of each segment in the Data stream.
The IP packets transmitted in Internet, here TCP/IP, can, if necessary, also be fragmented, for instance made smaller, see
With the fragmentation we can obtain TCP/IP packets so small that a mp3 Audio Frame cannot more completely fit inside the TCP/IP packet, and therefore there is also the probability that even variables like syncword, ID and layer cannot fit in one packet.
At last, many different packets pertaining to several applications can be found at the selection server for an Internet surfer, for instance as represented in Table 5:
The corresponding contents are unknown to the router, which is at the selection server. He is only sure that the Internet surfer connected to him receives his addressed IP packets, independently from the relevant source, application size, etc. The router also does not arrange the packets according the correct sequence—this task is performed by the receiving application of the Internet surfer.
The method according to the invention analyzes the IP packets, as regards their bit contents, before delivering the file to the Internet surfer, documenting sender and receiver, performing a verification of the legality, and blocking the delivery, if this is necessary.
The mp3 files or mp3-live-streams are characterized in that, in Layer 1, the bit transmission layer, the sequence of bits, consisting of sync word, IP and layer, leads to the pattern represented in Table 6:
The MP3 Data stream is divided in packets and provided with an IP-protocol, e.g. TCP, UDP, or FTP. The packets have usually a size of 1500 bytes, i.e. 12000 bits. With the said frame size, we can assume that in an IP-packet, at least one header is contained.
The method according to the invention stores one or more packets, according to the memory size, into the memory. The protocol used for the transmission analyzes and determines the addresses of the sender and the addressee, and memorizes them separately. The data pertaining to the application are then insulated from the bit transmission layer (Layer 1) and, if this is necessary, ordered according to the correct sequence. The bit pattern shown in Table 6 is then searched for in said insulated sequence of data for the application. If the analysis is positive, then the analysis is repeated a few times in order to assure that the format is indeed the searched one.
For verifying the legality of the transmission, several criteria can be applied. From the one side there can be available one more or less regular comparison table, in order to compare the address of legal senders of audio-visual contents with the sender address of the actual IP-packet. If the address is that of a legal sender, then it is not necessary to perform a further control of the packets. Further possibilities consist in the additional provision of utilizing in the analysis method according to the invention, locking mechanisms, like watermarking, etc., available in the application, with the knowledge of the use.
In order to do a precise declaration about the quantity of the data called by the Internet surfer, the analysis is performed in a quasi-continuous way for each IP packet. The results of the analysis is kept in a table, which may e.g. have the following aspect shown in Table 7.
In the case that the following data of the application data have to be analyzed, e.g. in the in mp3 often used ID-tab, then also they have to be optionally kept: the contents of the mp3 files, the composer, the executor, etc. Such data can be prepared for and used by the relevant Organizations (in Germany the GEMA).
In the case of a mobile Internet surfer (e.g. with GMS, UMTS, GPRS), it is necessary to guarantee that the analysis has been made at the relevant server, which may change during the movement from one to another transmission cell of the network, if the server is note always the same. To this purpose, the method according to the invention may advantageously be used, wherein at each server which is activated, a piece of information is prepared, which indicates the actually analyzed receiving address.
For optimizing the calculation capacity for the method according to the invention, the following variant may be used: in the case that the positive analysis has to be performed very often, i.e. in each IP-packet of the application, then it is possible to
The variant b) can be used also for a better identification, as a causal connection exists between the bitrate in the bitrate index, the length of the transmitted frame, and the distance between two syncwords "111111111111". In the example (bitrate_index-"1001", corresponds to 128 kBit/s) we clearly obtain a distance between two syncwords "111111111111" of 384 Bytes=3072 bits.
During the analysis the data are not decoded, hence e.g. made audible, if they are music data, but the format of the data is analyzed by comparison with a determined pattern, in order to verify a determined format.
As explained, for the bit pattern analysis a decoding of the data stream is not foreseen, but bit pattern or bit streams are examined quasi "from outside", and, if a corresponding bit pattern is analyzed, it is possible to infer also the format, or the coding, without having to decode or actually hear e.g. the music contents of the data stream.
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