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Griffonia Simplicifolia Seed Extract Review
What You Should Know
Click Here To See Our Highest Rated Review
Companies that design and manufacture weight loss supplement are always on the look-out for that perfect ingredient that will actually deliver results. Griffonia Simplicifolia Seed Extract, also known as 5HTP, seems to be making waves in the weight loss market recently as a popular weight loss supplement ingredient. Many of the weight loss products that contain this extract also claim to help alleviate the symptoms of depression and anxiety. Many new supplements contain Griffonia Simplicifolia Seed Extract, but because it is so new little is known about its potential benefits and dangers.
Product Features
Griffonia Simplicifolia Seed Extract is said to raise levels of serotonin in the body, thus helping to alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety. It is also claimed that this extract may be able to help suppress the appetite and decrease pain sensations.
- Griffonia Simplicifolia Seed Extract is natural and is derived from a plant.
- This extract may be beneficial in elevating mood.
- Many products that contain Griffonia Simplicifolia Seed Extract contain caffeine so those who are sensitive should avoid this product because adverse side effects such as insomnia and muscle tremors may occur.
- Those taking MAOI's, SSRI's, antidepressants, NSAIDS, corticosteroids or certain other medications may not be able to take products with this ingredient.
- Those who have diabetes, hypoglycemia, high blood pressure, cardiovascular ailments or certain other medical conditions may not be able to use products with Griffonia Simplicifolia Seed Extract.
- Women who are pregnant or nursing may not be able to use products with this ingredient.
- Since Griffonia Simplicifolia Seed Extract is a relatively new ingredient in weight loss supplement very little scientific research has been done to support its claims.
- This ingredient may cause several negative side effects such as heartburn and nausea.
- There is no proof that this extract has any benefit on weight loss.
- Those who drink alcohol should avoid Griffonia Simplicifolia Seed Extract because harmful side effects can occur.
Griffonia Simplicifolia Seed Extract doesn't really stand out from the rest of the weight loss supplement ingredients available today. Griffonia Simplicifolia Seed Extract may not be an effective weight loss supplement ingredient because there doesn't seem to be much research to prove its effectiveness in suppressing the appetite suppressants or burning fat so those seeking a weight loss supplements with the ability to suppress the appetite and burn fat may want to research other products that contain proven ingredients with the ability to suppress appetite suppression and burn fat. Those seeking weight loss should also develop a healthy diet and exercise program. Users will need to assess their health and fitness goals and decide if using products containing Griffonia Simplicifolia Seed Extract is right for them.


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Partners in Design
A design career spanning decades has left this pair of Design Research–alumni with a thing or two to say concerning the state of people, design, and the retail environment.written by: Andrew Wagnerphotos by: Todd Hido08.18.09
Emigre No. 70
From 1984 through 2005, Emigre magazine was to graphic designers what L'Espirit Nouveau was to architects in the early 1920s. This year, Gingko Press has published Emigre No. 70: The Look Back...12.26.09
Viction:ary Roundup
There's nothing like a good read to escape the blustery blows of winter. This holiday season, here are three enticing graphic design titles from Viction:ary to get you through the cold.12.21.09
Miami Modern Metropolis
Aaron Britt: Having been to Miami several times now, most recently for Design Miami and Art Basel Miami Beach just last month, I've grown increasingly fond of the place. Equal parts pleasure center...01.14.10
Ramayana by Sanjay Patel
My favorite book as a kid was unquestionably D'Aulaire's Book of Greek Myths. I took it out of every branch of the Sacramento library, renewed it a hundred times and basically absorbed every...03.09.10
The Small Stakes: Music Posters
Graphic design rarely gets better than when it's put to music and put through a screen. And few create concert posters better than Jason Munn. In a new release published this year by Chronicle...06.07.10
Best Midcentury Homes in America
Looking back at one our favorite architecture books from Assouline, Living Architecture: Greatest American Houses of the 20th Century, which shows a different perspective on some of the...03.14.14
John Pawson: Plain Space
"John Pawson Plain Space," a retrospective of British architect John Pawson's work, is on view at London's Design Museum until January 2011. Coinciding with the exhibition, Phaidon Press...09.30.10
Beauty in Decay
In the beginning of Beauty in Decay: The Art of Urban Exploration, collaborators Jeremy Gibbs ("RomanyWG") and Patrick Potter posit that "the strange thing is not that Urban...11.09.10
Graphic Design: Project Projects
Manhattan-based Project Projects may be a graphic design studio, but it works in all dimensions, on the page and off. Founded by Prem Krishnamurthy and Adam Michaels in 2004, the firm designs...12.15.10
An Architect's Pop-Up Book
One of the perks of being a Dwell editor are the various fun surprises that appear in the mail—newly published books, the occasional small product, even the random staple gun (yes, really)....02.15.11
For those who adore the beauty of a blank-page-in-waiting, behold! The incredible allure of a hardback book you make yourself is just too damn much to resist.written by: Jordan Kushins11.01.11
The Century of Modern Design
Of the myriad books on modernism—some more enlightening than others—The Century of Modern Design (Flammarion) will likely prove to be an important one. Culled from the Liliane and David...written by: Erika Heet04.13.11
Pulled by Mike Perry
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Artists' Handmade Houses
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Beer Craft: A Guide to Homebrew
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Favorite Play! Spaces
We love to play and love places that celebrate our inner, creative, kidlike selves—we dedicated our July/August 2011 issue to the subjects of families, kids, and play after all. The editors...07.28.11
Future Beauty
Because the September 2011 issue is dedicated to the influence of Japanese design (architecture, craft, and industrial design primarily), we'd be utterly remiss if we didn't give a nod to the...08.03.11
A Visit to HAY Copenhagen
I just returned to the office from a trip to Copenhagen spent reporting a handful of stories for the magazine and scouting future projects. A highlight of the trip was my visit to HAY, a fantastic...11.15.11
Surveying Frieze New York
Fact #1: New Yorkers are more allergic to bridges and tunnels than plants and trees. Fact #2: Manhattanites generally enjoy exploring other boroughs as much as they like the Times Square...written by: Faith-Ann Young05.12.12
M to M with M/M (Paris)
Prolific Parisian design duo M/M (Paris) have released their long-awaited 528-paged monograph, M to M of M/M (Paris), today. The hefty tome celebrates 20 years of unprecedented, generation-defining...written by: Eujin Rhee03.05.13
V&A Pattern Series II
Last year, the Victoria and Albert Museum dug into its archives of decorative textile patterns and published its first set of pattern books. Next week, the London museum will release the second set...05.25.10
J. Abbott Miller and Ellen Lupton
"We thought design was this incredible discovery as a field, and yet no one was making it interesting. There was so much work to be done."written by: Shonquis Morenophotos by: Julian Broad02.26.09
Gusto: A Guide to Restaurant Design
Just as the whole is greater than the sum of its parts, "the essence of restaurant design cannot be found in any one element but in the unity of all ingredients working together to create a...10.21.10
More Favorite Play! Spaces
Our September 2011 issue is about to hit newsstands, but we're not finished celebrating play (the theme of our July/August 2011 issue). Earlier this week we featured five fantastic projects from...08.01.11

subset: commoncrawl


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Hold down Control (PC) or Command (Mac) key + mouseclick to select more than one option
|Avg. Dinner Entrée
|Greater than $25
|$18.01 - $25
|$12.01 - $18
|$7.01 - $12
|Less than $7
Posted by Anonymous on 12/29/2011
I work down the street, and when my office goes out to lunch, 99% of the time we end up here. Quick service, huge portions, the lady that runs the place is friendly, I've never had a bad dish. It's also the type of place that will make anything for you even if it's not on the menu. Their short ribs, salt baked fish, korean chicken are all amazing. Try the chinese broccoli with garlic sauce, it's not on the menu but it's the perfect green dish to go with your lunch.
Posted by sfgrown on 08/15/2009
I never had a bad experience with the food or the service. Great place
Posted by jfromtheebay on 07/27/2009
I've been coming to this restaurant since I was a little kid. So far till this date I've haven't found a place quite like this. Their chowmein is perfect, and if you go, please try there KOREAN CHICKEN. You'll probably never be able to find that at any other chinese restaurant. I swear by this place. I travel from the east bay just to get the chicken. The price is about average compared to any other chinese restaurant. Oh yeah, if you go there with the famiy, their tables with a lazy susan, makes it a great and easy family experience.


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Gov. Peter Shumlin is making a bunch of staff changes. Here are three. There will be at least one more announcement coming later today.
From the news release:
Gov. Peter Shumlin and Secretary of Administration Jeb Spaulding today made a series of position announcements for the Agency of Administration and Governor's Office.
Susan Zeller, who has served as Deputy Commissioner of the Department of Finance and Management since 2005, will join the Agency staff to oversee performance and operations within the Agency of Administration, as well as at other agencies and departments of state government. She will also focus on implementation of performance-based budgeting, a priority of both the Shumlin Administration and the Legislature. Prior to serving as Deputy Commissioner, Zeller held a variety of finance positions, including serving as chief financial officer in such diverse industries as manufacturing, construction, software development, architecture and insurance. Zeller's job title will be Chief Performance Officer and her salary will be $92,744; her new position is being shifted from a vacancy in the Department of Finance & Management.
Replacing Zeller as Deputy Commissioner of Finance and Management will be Sarah Clark, who currently oversees the financial and administrative management of the Department of Corrections. Clark has also served as a financial manager and interim commissioner for the Department of Forest and Parks, assistant financial operations manager for the Agency of Human Services, and as a budget analyst for the Department of Finance and Management. Her salary will be $88,802.
"I am extremely excited about both of these appointments. Sue and Sarah have the experience, energy, and credibility to accelerate the Governor's desire to make State government work really well, to spend precious taxpayer money as efficiently as possible, and to report on the results of our progress," explained Secretary Spaulding.
And here is an interesting one. Shumlin is adding Scott Coriell to his personal staff. A Coriell used to work for Gov. Jim Douglas — David Coriell, Scott's brother. The political discussions when they get together must be interesting and lively.
From the news release:
Scott Coriell will join the Governor's staff as a special assistant, working as a liaison with the Legislature and helping to develop and implement policy with the agencies and departments. His first day will be Sept. 23. A Killington, Vermont native, Coriell is a 2003 graduate of Woodstock Union High School and a 2007 graduate of Middlebury College. He most recently served as U.S. Rep. Peter Welch's communications director in Washington D.C. He also worked on President Barack Obama's 2012 reelection campaign in New Hampshire. Before joining Rep. Welch's office in 2010, Coriell lived and worked in Malawi for an NGO that raises awareness about HIV/AIDS and environmental issues. Coriell is taking the position vacant since Susan Bartlett's move to the Agency of Human Services in January; his salary will be $63,000.


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Cooney and Keller Join ICBA's Congressional Relations Team
Washington, D.C. (May 10, 2010)—The Independent Community Bankers of America (ICBA) announced that Brian Cooney and Alan Keller have joined ICBA's government relations department. Cooney will serve as vice president and legislative counsel, and Keller will serve as director of legislative policy.
"Both Brian and Alan have significant experience within the financial services industry," said Steve Verdier, ICBA executive vice president of congressional relations. "ICBA is pleased to have them on board to help us continue to advance the voice of our nation's nearly 8,000 community banks, especially during this historic time for our industry."
As vice president and legislative counsel, Cooney will advocate ICBA's policy positions before Congress, the financial regulatory agencies and the executive branch. Prior to joining ICBA, he spent 12 years with the Manufactured Housing Institute as senior vice president for public policy and government affairs. He has also served as director of congressional and political affairs for the American Institute of Certified Accountants and as associate director in the legislative counsel's office at the Mortgage Bankers Association. He holds a master's degree in securities regulation from Georgetown Law School, a juris doctor from George Mason University and a Bachelor of Science in finance from Villanova University.
In his role as director of legislative policy, Keller will analyze key community bank issues and develop material that reflects ICBA's legislative positions and policies, including testimony and letters to regulators and members of Congress. Before coming to ICBA, Keller was vice president for federal government relations at JPMorgan Chase, where he was responsible for producing written communications, including testimony, in addition to representing the bank before Congress. Keller has also served as deputy executive secretary for the U.S. Treasury Department. He holds a Master of Business Administration from George Washington University, a Master of Arts in English from the University of Maryland and a Bachelor of Arts in Literature from the University of California at Santa Barbara.


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Posted at: 12/13/2012 7:14 AM
On Thursday, the Rochester Police Department will present a "Do the Right Thing" award to ten Monroe County students.
The mission of the program is to foster positive relationships between RPD and Rochester's youth, and recognize students.
The recipients of Thursday's awards include a first grader, who told a teacher when a classmate was having a medical issue, and a high school senior, known for speaking up for other students who are being mistreated.
The award ceremony begins at 10:30 a.m. at the Public Safety Building located at 185 Exchange Boulevard.


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Daybreak Montreal | Apr 22, 2013 | 7:45
Changing landscape of Montreal gaming industry
Major lay-offs at Funcom and most recently a second round at EA Games. Alex Thabet is the founder and president of Ludia studios, one of the city's gaming success stories. They re behind video game adaptations like The Price is Right. and Wheel of Fortune


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Chinese Government Arrests 1000 Members Of Doomsday Cult Waiting For 'Female Jesus'
The Chinese government has arrested 1,000 individuals who follow what they are referring to as an "evil cult," because the group, "Almighty God," believes the world is ending tomorrow and that we should spend our remaining time on overthrowing the government.
The group has reportedly been distributing both printed and online information on the alleged "doomsday" the world will face on December 21st, 2012.
"Dec. 21 is approaching, and on that day half of the world's good people will die, and all evil people will die out," one pamphlets reads. "[O]nly if you join the Almighty God movement can you avoid death and be saved."
The group believes that, starting Friday, there will be complete darkness on earth for three days, and no electrical items will work.
The group, founded in the 1980's, believes that Jesus Christ has already returned to earth in the form of a woman.
The issue with these arrests is that Christians who do not want to overthrow the government are being grouped with these radicals, and these arrests of innocent people are not being checked.
"The local police cannot distinguish who is with Almighty God is who is [with] the house church groups," Bob Fu of the Texas-based organization China Aid explained. "We have already received reports that members of house churches have been arrested."
"This could be used as a pretext to crack down on legitimate house churches," he warned.
Regardless of the legitimacy of the doomsday scenario, people are acting as if the world is ending.
James Gilbet | Elite.


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Chris Churchill
Quick hits from a Times Union columnist
Monthly Archive for June, 2013
A bridge made more dangerous for pedestrians?
Guardrails are in place to protect drivers, not pedestrians. That, I think, is a key takeaway from today's Advocate column about changes being made to the Congress Street Bridge in Troy. The changes, part of an ongoing reconstruction of the bridge between Watervliet and downtown Troy, move guardrails to the opposite side of the sidewalk, […] [Read More]


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The past few times I've taken kratom I've been getting massive stomach aches... Taking 7+ grams or so. Anyone else have these problems? What did you do to fix it?
I got some enhanced blends so I can cut down the amount...that's the only thing I can think of besides stopping using it.


text: These Fractal cases are known for their combination of performance and silence. They are prefitted with noise absorbing foam pads, support for multi-radiator liquid cooling, an integrated fan controller behind the front panel and three 140mm cooling fans, and USB 3.0 port. Its sleek minimalistic design is a great choice for gaming, silent home theater and more.


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Streamlining Forest Service PlanningRoger A. Sedjo
The Forest Service has a complex and very costly process to create plans for the various national forests. It has been estimated that 40 percent of the total direct work of the agency is involved in planning, which consumes more than 20 percent of the national appropriations, several hundred million dollars.
Roger Sedjo onStreamlining Forest Service Planning
These plans often are not implemented, however, because of appeals and litigation, changing circumstances such as the creation of new critical habitat areas and roadless set-asides, or major disruptions as caused by wildfire.
Sir, I recommend that you dramatically revise and simplify the planning process.
You can do this without changing the existing legislation, although it may require a revised set of regulations. Simplifying and rationalizing the current forest planning process, which requires a huge amount of detail and the development of very long-term projections, could make planning far less costly, perhaps saving up to 40 percent of the current time and funding requirements.
Download this Policy Recommendation
The amount of detail currently included in the plans is unnecessary, as the rapidly changing circumstances of the forest soon render most of the long-term plans obsolete. I propose a scaled-down planning process that would use an Environmental Management Systems (EMS) approach.
Roger A. Sedjo directs forest economics policy research, including global environmental problems, climate change and biodiversity, public lands, international forest sustainability, timber supply and trade, forest biotechnology, and land use change. He has written or edited 14 books related to forestry and natural resources.
All Policy Recommendations in New Approaches on Energy and the Environment are available for complimentary download from each chapter's webpage. (Copyright © 2004 by Resources for the Future.) Use of these chapters is for personal use only. Contents may not be duplicated or retransmitted by print, electronic, or other means without written permission of the publisher. To purchase a printed copy of the book, click on the button below.


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Acer has been bashing the Surface Tablets right from the announcement earlier this year and wasn't sure about its future in the tablet market,even delaying their Windows RT based tablets in order to observe how is the Surface RT is faring in the initial launch stages.
After almost a month of the tablet launch,Surface has already got a good start as far as the sells are concerned,but now HP is joining the Bashing party calling the Surface RT tablet Expensive,slot and Uncompetitive.
In an interview with CITE World, Todd Bradley head of HP's PC business said that he hardly sees the Surface Tablet as a competition and the reason behind that is limited distribution,its expensiveness and that it It tends to be slow and a little kludgey when using it.
Talking about their tablet plans,he indicated that there won't be a consumer tablet coming from HP this year,but we can expect one by the next years christmas season,so don't expect any consumer based tablet for a while from HP,as they are sticking with the Convertible form factor for now.


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For Yahoo, Grim Lessons From BEA Systems' Fall
Professor Michael Klausner is quoted in a Marketwatch article about a comparison of the current Yahoo takeover battle with a previous one in which Carl Icahn had been a successful player:
Michael Klausner, a corporate law expert at Stanford Law School, also noted important differences in the two merger battles.
In the battle for BEA, he said, "He had time to threaten. Here he doesn't."
"Launching a proxy fight to woo back an acquirer is uncharted territory," Klausner said.
And he pointed to what he saw as a major weakness in Icahn's game plan: A new board may be in a weaker position to renegotiate a deal with Microsoft.
"Yahoo will get a better deal if the people negotiating on its behalf are willing to walk away," he said. "If nothing else, the current board has demonstrated that it can do that."
On the other hand, he added, "A board that has been elected in order to sell the company to Microsoft will have difficulty credibly threatening to walk. They may not get as good a deal for Yahoo."
He said an Icahn takeover could also prompt more Yahoo employees, considered by many analysts as the company's most valuable asset, to leave.
"As has been the case all alone, a friendly deal would be best for the shareholders," he added.


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Cars & Trucks
Behind the wheel of vehicles of all types
Yearly Archive for 2011
Reviving a nameplate: Dodge to sell all-new Dart
Dodge has announced (and released partial-image teaser photos of) its all-new four-door Dart sedan, set to enter the compact-car segment for the 2013 model year. The Dart name — launched in the 1960 model year — is being revived after decades. (Chrysler Group Photo) Dodge announced it will be reviving an old nameplate — Dart […] [Read More]
Are you an oil-change addict?
In the past, changing oil every 3,000 miles or three months was the industry standard recommendation. That recommendation was based on oil quality and engine technology from the 1970s, which have greatly improved. Today, it's common to seen oil-change recommendations that more than double the 3,000 miles. [Read More]
2013 Mustangs unveiled
Ford pumps up power big time with its 2013 Shelby GT500. It's powered by an aluminum 5.8-liter supercharged V-8 that cranks out 650 horsepower and 600 lb.-ft. of torque, making it the most powerful production V-8 engine in the world. [Read More]
Maybach brand gets the ax; desecrated in Jay-Z/West video
Sales of Maybach ultraluxury cars have not lived up to expectations, so Daimler is axing its flagship Mercedes-Benz brand. Maybach cars have had an up-and-down production history, with their elegant forms gracing the roadways in the 1920s and 1930s, and fading from the market in the 1940s. Daimler revived the nameplate for the 2004 model […] [Read More]
Sleeker Ford Escape for 2013 model year
Ford's key introduction at the 2011 Los Angeles Auto Show was its new 2013 Escape, which sports a much sleeker form than its predecessor. Ford recognized what was happening in Escape's segment where most of its competitors are sleeker and more stylish — less sport-utility looking, said Derrick Kuzak, Ford group vice president, global product […] [Read More]
Show More


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The Ecosystem Marketplace's Forest Carbon News
Tracking Terrestrial Carbon
Ecosystem Marketplace has now formally closed its collection of data for the State of the Forest Carbon Markets 2012 report. We are grateful to those projects that provided us with complete responses - every respondent is featured at least once on the Forest Carbon Portal homepage now through the end of May.
If you did not respond to the survey during the open call for information and would still like to contribute (and be recognized), please contactĀMolly Peters-Stanley in our Carbon Program to find out how.
And on to the latest forest carbon news, where below we summarize how one industry organization is taking an active role in seeking guidance for how to treat forest carbon offsets on a balance sheet in the US, while EU member states consider adding cropland, grazing land, and forest carbon emissions to their national GHG accounts.
Fresh finance is flowing into forest carbon efforts internationally, from a Mexican REDD project with some very high-level domestic buyers (translation), to UN-REDD Programme support in the Republic of Congo and Sri Lanka, to renewed demand from the voluntary carbon market for pre-2008 New Zealand forest carbon credits under the country's Permanent Forest Sink Initiative.
On the supply side, South Pole Carbon is seeking investors for its Zimbabwe-based REDD efforts, while across the globe FUNAI, Brazil's National Indian Foundation, has brought into question 30 contracts between international companies and indigenous communities - including invalidating a $120mn agreement between Irish company Celestial Green Ventures and the Munduruku tribe.
These and other stories from the forest carbon marketplace are summarized below, so keep reading! And if you value what you read in this news brief, consider supporting Ecosystem Marketplace's Carbon Program as a Supporting Subscriber. Readers' contributions help us keep the lights on and continue to deliver forest carbon market news and insights to your inbox biweekly and free of charge.
For a suggested $150/year donation, you or your company can be listed as a Forest Carbon News Supporting Subscriber (with weblink) for one year (~24 issues).
Reach out to inboxes worldwide and make your contribution HERE (select "Support for Forest Carbon News Brief" in the drop-down menu). You will receive an email from the Forest Carbon News team confirming your sponsorship listing and weblink information.
—The Ecosystem Marketplace Team
If you have comments or would like to submit news stories, write to us at email@example.com.
Forests and agricultural lands cover three-quarters of EU territory, yet progress in EU carbon accounting for forestry and land use has taken its sweet time. To date, land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) has been excluded from the EU's fixed targets on curbing climate change. In a recent turn of events, the EU is finally putting forth a proposal to require EU nations to incorporate cropland, grazing land, and forest into the EU's reduction efforts. After monitoring and reporting has been in place for a number of years and proven effective, the Commission plans to propose including LULUCF in the EU's binding emissions reduction target. Read more from Thomson Reuters and Mongabay.
One solution doesn't fit all. The March issue of Go-REDD+ refers to an article by Alan Karsenty and Symphorien Ongolo that discusses whether REDD+ in its current form can be applied to all States. The authors argue that the incentives upon which REDD+ is based may have perverse effects in fragile States burdened by corrupt government and dominance of private agendas. They propose that, in such cases, REDD+ should promote long-term capacity development focused on fundamental socioeconomic transformations, and incentive mechanisms that directly benefit local economic agents.
While the forest carbon offsets sector in the US is growing, the International Forest Carbon Association aims to draw attention to the lack of transparency and comparability in US capital markets due to the lack of uniform accounting methods. Seeking clearer and more standardized financial accounting, IFCA recently submitted a request to the Financial Accounting Standards Board USA on behalf of the sector and offset buyers. IFCA's letter asks for guidance for forest carbon offsets to be valued on the balance sheet at fair value as inventory with appropriate timing of the point of revenue recognition.
Elvis Presley isn't Tennessee's only prized possession – the 284 million trees it houses in its urban areas are worth a whooping $80 billion. They also provide almost $650 million in benefits such as carbon sequestration and air purification. These advantages that trees bring, and more, are illuminated in the U.S. Forest Service's Urban Forests of Tennessee, a report that details the urban forest's contribution to the state's economic savings. The trees are estimated to provide up to $204 million and $66 million a year in pollution removal and energy savings respectively. The study was done through sampling trees in the urban areas and running the data through a model to evaluate their value.
Two sustainable forest management projects in Azerbaijan and Togo have just become the first SFM/REDD+ projects overseen by the Global Environment Facility to receive CEO endorsement and become ready for implementation, according to the GEF. Azerbaijan's $11.4M project focuses on subtropical mountain forest landscape, seeking to contribute to forest and pastureland restoration and improved management over 46,500 ha – to directly avoid 256,666 tCO2 emissions and sequester 747,460 t CO2 over the project's lifetime. At over $70M, Togo's project will focus on scaling up sustainable management of tropical dry forests with the goal of increasing carbon stocks by 290,000 tCO2 via better managed forest and avoided deforestation.
Oaxacan communities of Sierra Juarez and the South, Costa and Mixteca are participating in carbon projects in conjunction with Oaxaca Environmental Services, Pronatura and the National Forestry Commission (CONAFOR). Buyers of their carbon credits include the pharmaceutical company Chinoin, Fundaci¾n Televisa, Grupo Gamesa and the Presidency of the Republic. For the strong community aspect of the project, a higher-than-market price of $10 per tonne has been agreed on. Participant communities have reportedly received over 9 million pesos from the neutralization of about 105,000 tCO2e. An interesting case is Santa MarĒa Tlahuitoltepec: when the springs dried up in the area, the community turned to their priest, who taught that "God creates miracles, but you have to help," essentially saying that if the community wanted water, they would have to reforest. The story reports that they are now the most zealous of communities in caring for their forests, so much so that 90% of the salary of their Community Commissioner is financed by the sale of carbon. Read the original story here and translation (Google) here.
Up until now, private landowners' small-scale afforestation efforts in the U.S. have generally been considered too cost prohibitive to generate reasonably priced VERs. Hawaiian Legacy Hardwoods (HLH), however, reports that it has just completed a feasibility study that puts afforestation carbon offsets from small-scale landowners back on the table. HLH found that midsize to smaller scale private landowners in Hawaii, anyway, can generate commercially viable carbon offset products using a koa tree species native to Hawaii. The study examined reforestation techniques guided by different offset standards – the Climate Action Reserve and American Carbon Registry – in order to generate credits for either the compliance or voluntary carbon markets. "For the first time, we illustrate that landowners can leverage carbon finance to permanently restore native species throughout the Hawaiian Islands," said Darrell Fox, HLH COO.
Sri Lanka and the Republic of Congo are the two newest countries to receive support from the UN-REDD Programme, rounding up the total funding under this program at US$67.3 million. These grants were given the stamp of approval at the UN-REDD Program's 8th Policy Board meeting held earlier last week. Sri Lanka called the boost a "new dawn" for their forestry sector, while the Republic of Congo saw it as an affirmation of the nation's efforts in sustainable forest management. The Programme now provides funding to 16 countries and works with 26 others across Asia, Africa and Latin America.
Laos' sub-national REDD program has offered the chance for the New Chip Xeng Group to invest in the country's forest and market its carbon in return. The project eyed by the Group spans about 550,000 hectares in four conservation areas, and across 19 districts in Vientiane and several provinces. The Group's initial $3 million investment went towards a feasibility study for carbon trading, and upon its completion in 2013, a 17-year trading scheme will run through 2030. Estimates suggest that the forests could sequester between 10 and 20 tCO2e per hectare, which is speculated to be worth $4 - $15 per tCO2e in the international carbon markets. Norway, Switzerland and Italy have expressed enthusiastic support for the project.
House by house, car by car, the municipality of Pe±alolķn is mobilizing to bring its carbon footprint down to zero. Pe±alolķn's carbon neutrality campaign encourages residents to offset the carbon impact of their homes and vehicles toward a common good for the community – by tree planting in the "Communal Pe±alolķn Forest" in the Chilean Patagonia. For every vehicle entered into the system, the Patagonia gains 6 new trees. The afforestation project, led by the company Patagonia Sur, has seen 180 trees of three native species planted thus far. Participation is voluntarily – residents can conduct the compensation through a web platform or seal the deal at their local supermarket.
Switzerland-based project developer South Pole Carbon is seeking investors for its Lake Akriba project in Zimbabwe, which in its current state covers one million hectares and is hoped to avoid three MtCO2e over five years. The project is seeking certification under the VCS, and South Pole anticipates its validation to VCS methodology VM0009 by the second half of 2012. The project is also seeking verification to the CCB Standard's Gold level for its protection of a wildlife corridor in Zimbabwe and the prospect of improved livelihoods in the region. For more information, read here.
In our more recent news briefs, we have touched upon the back and forth on a proposed REDD project in Pakistan, referencing the ownership dispute between UK-based Merlins Wood and forest owners with coverage by Chris Lang of REDD Monitor and Surriekha Khan, Director of Merlins Wood. Despite the dispute, Merlins Wood signed MoUs with the governments of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Azad State, with Terra Global Capital joining on to develop the project. The ownership issue has persisted. Most recently, Sarhad Awami Forestry Ittehad – an alliance of private forest stakeholders – has unanimously rejected the MoU between Merlins Woods and the Forest Department of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Calling for immediate cancellation over the agreement, SAFI argued that the Forest Department does not hold exclusive ownership over the highly contested forests in the province. Read more here.
In our last newsletter, we put out a reminder to NZ forest owners to register with the NZ Emissions Unit Registry by the end of 2012 to qualify their credits for the first Kyoto period. Since then, Permanent Forests International reports has received a surge in requests for Permanent Forest Sink Initiative (PFSI) VER registrations. The company has so far sold over 500,000 PFSI VERs, earning forest owners more than NZ$2M in profits, and is set to deliver 600,000 more to offshore buyers by mid-2012. Under the PFSI, the company develops credits for pre-2008 carbon that meets the voluntary market's "high standard for environmental integrity," according to Permanent Forests owner Mark Belton – standards and safeguards that he says are lacking under more current ETS forestry rules.
In past weeks, the issue of carbon rights in indigenous territories and the unchecked activities of carbon outfits in Brazil came under serious scrutiny after the Irish company Celestial Green Ventures signed a $120 million agreement with the Munduruku tribe for their 2.3 million hectare piece of the Brazilian Amazon. The contract as proposed prohibits any changes to the forest, including the tribes' traditional and subsistence use of their ancestral land for thirty years. An account of the meeting between the company and the tribe described hostility and resistance on the part of the Munduruku, but the contract was later sealed by some Munduruku members without the consent of the community. A chief has since called for the cancellation of the agreement.Ā
In a recent statement, the deal with CGV has been deemed invalid by FUNAI, Brazil's National Indian Foundation, along with thirty other contracts that have granted private investors legal title to carbon credits in the Amazon, on the basis of illegality. FUNAI has stressed the necessity of legal guidelines for regulating such future negotiations. In recent weeks, government representatives in Brazil have further warned the market about working with any projects that are not actively engaged with the government or FUNAI as Brazil finalizes the design of its REDD+ national strategy. Point Carbon reports that while projects aimed at the voluntary carbon market are not automatically exclude from a national system, "they will have to comply with future policy to have official recognition."
Colombia is now on its way to implementing its National REDD+ Strategy, after a boost of $3.4 million from the World Bank's Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF). The World Bank will conduct its due diligence mission in Colombia over two days, a visit meant to ensure that the grant is compliant with the Bank's safeguard policies. The mission will meet with ministries to question how deforestation drivers will be tackled, will verify the participation of various stakeholders in the REDD+ Strategy, and will hold workshops in the Amazon and Pacific regions of the country as part of the social and environmental assessments required in Colombia's Readiness Preparation Proposal. Read more here.
Fauna and Flora International (FFI) launched its REDD+ Community Carbon Pools Programme in Vietnam in February of 2012, with the goal of promoting knowledge sharing between REDD+ countries in the Southeast Asian region. The three-year Programme would bring forest communities together under a common management and benefit-sharing system. A workshop held at the program launch saw a positive attendance of government officials, which coordinators saw as a promising start for future collaboration with government stakeholders. Because a challenge faced in the area is awareness of and interest in environmental services, capacity building will be a key component of the programme. Read more here.
The UK's programme for incentivizing woodland creation announced a milestone late last month – the Forestry Commission reports that enough projects have registered under the Woodland Carbon Code to sequester one MtCO2e. Welcoming the million-tonne milestone, Forestry Minister Lord Taylor of Holbeach said, "It demonstrates that we were right to establish the Code. The few short months it has taken for it to reach a million tonnes registered demonstrates that there is an appetite for planting new woodland." The Forestry Commission points out that so far 57 woodland projects across the UK, totaling 2733 hectares (5565 acres), have been registered. Ten of these, totaling 760ha (1900 acres), have also now been validated. If all the projects go to plan, the 1 MtCO2 registered will be removed from the atmosphere over the next 100 years.
The Center for International Forestry Research is launching a new project in the Congo Basin in conjunction with the French Development Agency and the French Global Environment Facility. The FORAFAMA project aims to bolster scientific evidence that establishes sustainable timber production in forests as a viable method of increasing carbon stocks needed to reduce GHG emissions. In monitoring carbon stocks conditions in different areas, CIFOR hopes to identify the most effective sustainable management practices and gauge whether standards set by forest certification schemes can be compatible with REDD+ standards and safeguards. The results may help address concerns voiced during a recent conference in Cameroon about whether it is yet time to integrate sustainable timber forest management practices with REDD+.
To understand the latest row over Indonesia's Forest Code, consider difference an "and/or" makes in the following definitions of a forested area: …a certain area that is allocated and/or determined by the government as a permanent forest area VERSUS …a certain area that is determined by the government as a permanent forest area. The few omitted words are at the center of a controversy between the government and Indonesian businesses seeking clarity regarding plantation and mining companies' ownership of forest areas. The Indonesian Chamber of Commerce and Industry deputy chairman for plantations, Rudyan Kopot, says that if there was no clarification, the government could unilaterally take the areas and declare them as permanent forests. "All we need is a guarantee because the situation is not clear anymore," he says. The change was made on February 21 of this year, when a court issued a ruling to drop the phrase "allocated and/or", at the request of regents from five regencies in Central Kalimantan on the grounds that the phrase made the article contrary to the 1945 Constitution.
At 73 countries strong, the REDD+ Partnership met in late February to discuss next steps for the UN's REDD+ mechanism on deforestation and forest degradation. Attendees observed that while the short history of REDD+ shows a robust core, a well-performed voluntary market and high confidence standards, the current market remains difficult for those who want to invest – and discussed their concerns about a lack of consistent demand for REDD+ credits. The meeting concluded with key recommendations to simplify bureaucracy, improve the REDD+ management system, continue developing the Voluntary REDD+ Database, develop proposals for joint public-private funding formulas, improve sharing of knowledge and best practices, unify emissions calculation standards and indicators, coordinate transparent, equitable sharing of funds between countries, and look into forest bonds as a new source of capital.
REDD has reportedly delivered in Tanzania: communities in several villages in Lindi rural of Tanzania have received a little over US$25,000 from the sale of credits through their avoided deforestation and conservation efforts. The government wants to set some of this money aside for development projects that include brick making and buying desks for schools, although villagers have rejected the idea by claiming it is the government's responsibility, and not theirs, to fund such projects. The REDD pilot project is being implemented by the Mjumita and Tanzania Forest Conservation Group with financial support from Norway.
In the Masito-Ugalla forest, young men have been given tools quite unlike the nets and machetes they are used to. Under a program at the Jane Goodall Institute, more than 30 forest monitors from seven villages in the Kigoma Rural district are being trained to use GPS gadgets, calibrated rulers and other technological equipment. Acquiring skills in forest carbon measurement are valuable for communities participating in REDD as it allows them to avoid the otherwise high consulting fees that could offset the economic benefits the projects are meant to bring. With partnerships with companies like Google and Android, technical training at the JGI is bringing communities in touch with the international marketplace to directly demonstrate the outcomes of their conservation efforts. Read more here.
If only the creators of the Amazon Trail game could release a new version with a Google plug-in. Google Maps recently launched the next best thing (ok, maybe) – a Google Street View of the Amazon River, enabling users to virtually explore communities and ecosystems in Earth's largest tropical forest from the comfort of their computers. For the project, Google partnered with the Amazonas Sustainable Foundation (FAS), an NGO that develops forest conservation projects with the Amazonas government. Block-by-block coverage seems tough enough in an urban or suburban setting. Imagine snapping away in an environment where heat and humidity can frustrate the best of cameras. In some photos, you can even glimpse the wake of the boat that holds the photographer.
For a bird's eye view, check out the global rainforest carbon map now publicly available on ArcGIS Online, a web-based mapping platform. The data, based on NASA satellite measurements, maps out the biomass of tropical forests at a 500-meter resolution, the highest resolution ever published on a global scale. The greenest areas on the map – rainforests in the Amazon, Borneo, New Guinea, and the Congo Basin – are especially carbon-dense. Aside from visualizing the importance of conserving these areas for climate change mitigation efforts, scientists hope the maps can be used to estimate CO2 emissions from deforestation and helpĀ determine how much countries may earn in compensation through REDD+ efforts.
The Central African Forests Commission (COMIFAC) and members of the Congo Basin Forest Partnership released a 300 page report on the State on the Congo Basin forest. Deforestation rates increased from 0.13 percent to 0.26 percent between the 1990s and the 2000 - 2005 period. The new report identifies five primary drivers of deforestation in the region: fuel wood extraction, agriculture, mining and oil extraction, expansion of biofuels and logging. It also notes that efforts to preserve the region's economic resources, protect biodiversity and the creation of protected areas have "not lived up to expectations, nor do they satisfactorily reflect investments to date". Read more from CIFOR and Mongabay.
In some countries illegal logging can reach up to 90% of all logging activities, and generates approximately US$10–15 billion annually in criminal proceeds. Furthermore, a portion of this untaxed income is used to pay off corrupt officials at all levels of government. This report suggests that, rather than "go after" individual perpetrators, governments might be better suited to follow the money trail in pursuit of criminal organizations engaged in large-scale illegal logging and confiscate any ill-gotten gains. The World Bank says there are tools available for use that were developed in over 170 countries to go after such "dirty money." Read more here.
Emissions from deforestation and forest degradation are hard to track for many developing countries, posing the risk of leaving changes in forest conditions driven by REDD+ or other efforts undetected for years. Widespread measuring of carbon – while accurate – can be quite costly. This month in Environmental Research Letters, Bucki et al. released a paper that pushes UNFCCC parties to consider cost-effective alternatives to provide reliable data on anthropogenic forest emissions. Remote sensing, used in conjunction with a transition matrix and default carbon stock change factors, can inform initial estimates of trends in emission changes. From there, the UNFCCC may be better equipped to set credible benchmarks and allocate REDD+ incentives. The paper presents a proof of concept for one biome in Congo.
The Center for People and Forests describes in this short paper Vietnam's strategy to develop efficiently REDD+ safeguards in its National Program. Biodiversity conservation, local community rights and a MRV program spearhead the list of concerns the government should take into account developing the safeguard strategy. Download the report here (PDF).
This paper by Harrison et al. highlights the challenge of creating a single model to assess the impacts of REDD+ activities on biodiversity. Among the drawbacks of simplifying the model, the authors underline the disparity among the world's forests, the different conservation goals and the heterogeneity of ecosystem services around in the globe. For that reason they propose site-specific biodiversity monitoring programmes.
The UN-REDD program formed by 42 partner countries across Africa, Asia-Pacific and Latin America and the Caribbean launched its 2011 annual report. Total funding in 2011 was US$ 108.1 million utilize to finance REDD+ Readiness Programs around the globe. Norway, the mayor donor funded 25% of the operations and overall the donor contributions raised 26% in 2011. In the next year UN-REDD will start negotiations with the Green Climate Fund and support the UNFCCC's Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technology Advice (SBSTA).
The Technical Advisor for REDD+ Readiness will support countries in REDD+ activities at national and subnational levels. The advisor will travel frequently to provide training in carbon MRV, GHG inventories, IPCC guidelines and other technical elements. Read more about the position here.
Based in Oxford, UK, the Senior Project Manager will work with forest products supply chains, including requirements relating to the EU Timber Regulation and public procurement.Ā Five years of relevant international work experience and a masters in a relevant discipline are required. Read more about the position here.
The Postdoctoral Associate will primarily design a climate change adaptation and mitigation model in the southern United States as part of a multi-organizational team. A Ph.D. with emphasis in forest ecosystem modeling and Linux/UNIX programming are required.Ā Read more about the position here.
The Senior Policy & Communications officer will be in charge of the communications efforts in relation to mangrove conservation and coastal resilience. Indonesian nationality is required with fluency in English. Read more about the position here.
IPAM is looking for a part-time consultant for a 12 month contract with excellent written and spoken Indonesian and English skills. The Policy Analyst will focus on agricultural, forestry, and forest carbon policy in Indonesia. Read more about the position here.
The REDD+ Technical Specialist will work with USAID-funded programs related to Climate Change Mitigation in Ecuador and Peru. Minimum five years of experience working in forestry and knowledge of Ecuador and/or Peru's forest sector and climate change policies are required. Read more about the position here.
Base in Cambodia, Indonesia or Vietnam, the Adviser will help ensure that the socio-economic and community aspects of Asia-Pacific conservation projects are implemented in compliance with standards like the CCB standards for REDD+ projects. Read more about the position here.
The candidates should have between 5 and 10 years of professional experience as well as fluency in written and spoken English and Bahasa Malayu. Read more about the positions on the Forest Carbon Portal jobs board.
The Forest Carbon Portal provides relevant daily news, a bi-weekly news brief, feature articles, a calendar of events, a searchable member directory, a jobs board, a library of tools and resources. The Portal also includes the Forest Carbon Project Inventory, an international database of projects including those in the pipeline. Projects are described with consistent 'nutrition labels' and allow viewers to contact project developers.
Ecosystem Marketplace is a project of Forest Trends, a tax-exempt corporation under Section 501(c)3. This newsletter and other dimensions of our voluntary carbon markets program are funded by a series of international development agencies, philanthropic foundations, and private sector organizations. For more information on donating to Ecosystem Marketplace, please contact firstname.lastname@example.com.Ā
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A unitized static sensor probe 20 for a gas turbine engine 10, machined from a single piece of raw material. The probe preferably has integral kiel cups 26 that form a part of the probe airfoil. The probe is manufactured by electrical discharge machining, and is shaped with an airfoil (53, 70) that minimizes disruption of the engine airstream. Integral air seal platforms 56, 58 and a mounting plate 54 are also provided.
1. An instrumentation probe for holding and shielding static sensors in a flow stream, the instrumentation probe comprising:
(a) a probe body, aerodynamically shaped to be non-disruptive of the flow stream and manufactured from a single piece of metal;
(b) multiple kiel heads protruding into the flow stream in order to shield static sensors, the kiel heads formed as an integral part of said probe body and having smooth transitioning outer surfaces connecting said kiel heads to said probe body;
(c) an instrumentation cavity formed within said probe body,
(d) static sensors positioned within said instrumentation cavity and said kiel heads;
(e) a mounting flange forming a part of said probe body for mounting said instrumentation in the flow stream; and
(f) an exit area for sensor leads to facilitate connection of said sensors to data recording means.
2. The instrumentation probe of claim 1 wherein said probe comprises a high temperature nickel alloy.
3. The instrumentation probe of claim 1 wherein said instrumentation cavity comprises a complex multibranched cavity formed by electrical discharge machining.
4. The instrumentation probe of claim 1 wherein said probe body is cast.
5. The instrumentation probe of claim 1 wherein said probe body substantially corresponds in shape to an engine vane.
6. The instrumentation probe of claim 1 wherein said keil cups further comprise chamfers for the smooth transitioning of airflow between said probe body and bases of said kiel cups.
7. An instrumentation probe comprising a single piece metallic probe body which comprises an aerodynamically shaped probe airfoil and at least two kiel cups protruding into a flow stream for shielding static instrumentation and wherein the kiel cups are formed integral with said probe airfoil, wherein said probe body comprises a multibranched internal instrumentation cavity and is formed by electrical discharge machining of a single piece of raw material.
8. The instrumentation probe of claim 7 further comprising an integral flange for attachment of the engine housing.
9. The instrumentation probe of claim 7 further comprising a static pressure sensor positioned within said kiel cup.
10. The instrumentation probe of claim 7 further comprising a static temperature sensor positioned within said kiel cup.
11. The instrumentation probe of claim 7 wherein said probe body comprises a multitude of kiel cups containing a multitude of sensors.
12. The instrumentation probe of claim 7 wherein said probe comprises a high temperature nickel alloy.
The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or for the Government for governmental purposes without the payment of any royalty thereon.
This invention relates to instrumentation suitable for high temperature environments and is particularly related to static sensor instrumentation suitable for gas turbine engines.
Conventional probes for gas turbine engines are fabricated from a multitude of discrete parts. Generally, kiel heads (also called kiel cups) that surround static instrumentation are welded to a machined airfoil or duct through which instrumentation is routed. The airfoil or duct is welded to a plate that is mounted by bolts on the exterior skin of the engine.
The types of material suitable for use in these probes are limited because of the need to conventionally machine such probes with lathes, milling machines and other devices. Further, fabricated probes can be very intrusive on the engine airflow resulting in a loss of engine efficiency. This is a result of their relatively large size. Miniaturization of such probes is limited by conventional machining techniques. The use of a multitude of such large probes on test engines can degrade engine performance to a degree that the effects of engine improvements that should be detected by test instrumentation are obscured by the airflow disruption resulting from the test instrumentation.
Fabricated probes are also limited to relatively cool engine areas and cannot be positioned in the highest temperature, highest pressure engine areas. When placed in these areas fabricated metal probes with brazed or welded kiel heads tend to crack or deteriorate and losened probe material may subsequently damage the engine.
In view of the above a need exists for improved static probe instrumentation for high temperature, high pressure environments.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an improved static sensor probe for use in high temperature, high pressure environments.
It is also an object of the invention to provide a probe that will be less intrusive on engine airflow then conventional probes.
The invention comprises a single piece metallic probe manufactured from high temperature material. The probe has integral kiel heads for static instrumentation and is formed in an airfoil shape that minimizes its negative effects on the engine flow stream. In the preferred embodiment of the invention the probe is manufactured by electrical discharge machining from a single piece of stock material.
Other aspects of the preferred embodiment of the invention comprise an integral platform for attachment of the probe to an engine housing and static sensors mounted in integral kiel heads positioned on the leading edge of the probe airfoil. It is also preferred that the probe be manufactured from a high temperature material such as an inconel nickel alloy.
In an alternate embodiment of the invention the probe body may be manufactured by a casting method such as powdered metallurgy and finished machined by electrical discharge machining.
The foregoing and other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following more particular description of the preferred embodiments of the invention, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which like reference characters refer to the same parts throughout the different views. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating the principles of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a gas turbine engine in which a unitized probe is located;
FIG. 2 is a cross sectional representation of a section of a unitized probe embodying the principles of this invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged partial cross section of the probe of FIG. 2 taken along lines 3--3;
FIG. 3a is a partial cross section of a conventional probe similar to the probe of FIG. 3, it is labelled "Prior Art";
FIG. 4 is a plan view of a second unitized probe embodying the principles of this invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross section of a portion of the probe of FIG. 4 taken along line 5--5; and
FIG. 6 is a cross section of a embodiment of the probe having an airfoil conforming to a desired vane shape.
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a gas turbine engine 10. A unitized probe 12 incorporating the principles of this invention has been installed in engine 10 in order to provide data concerning an airstream 14 passing through the engine and becoming a propelling exhaust stream 16. The probe has static pressure and/or static temperature sensors positioned in kiel heads 18 located on the leading edge of the airfoil 19 of probe 12. The static pressure and/or static temperature sensors are typically monitored at gauges or meters located at an aircraft flight deck or an engine test control area. The sensors are connected fluidly or electrically by leads to the monitoring area.
The kiel heads shield the instrumentation from flow stream therefor effects in order to produce valid static pressure and temperature data. Kiel heads shield thermocouples from surrounding radiation variations which might otherwise affect reading consistency. Alternatively, kiel heads provide a shielded area surrounding static pressure sensors so that airstream changes and turbulence will not unduly affect static pressure readings.
The invention may be more readily understood with reference to the enlarged views of FIGS. 2 and 3. FIG. 2 is a cross section of a portion of a unitized probe 20. The probe 20 has an airfoil 22 with a recessed portion 24, at the recessed portion five integral kiel heads 26 have been positioned. Static pressure sensors (or static temperature sensors) 28 are positioned in each of the kiel heads 26 and are connected by leads 30 to a hollow section 32 of the probe from which they can be routed to the exterior of the engine and connected to data recording means.
An enlarged view of a kiel head 26 is shown in FIG. 3. The kiel head 26 comprises a sensor placement area 34 and a connecting channel 36 through which the instrumentation is routed away from the kiel head. Kiel head walls 38 are integral with the body of the probe 24 and have smooth transitions (chamfers or fillets) 40 that add strength to the keil head and help to smooth the flow stream in the vicinity of the kiel head and airfoil interface.
For comparison purposes a conventional kiel head 42 is shown in the cross section of FIG. 3a. In this view a kiel head section 44 is brazed or welded into a hole 46 drilled in the body of a probe 48. Probe body thickness must therefore be increased to accept the hole and kiel head section 44. In addition the interface 50 between the kiel head 42 and probe body 48 is a sharp corner that disrupts the flow stream in the vicinity of interface. Further, sharp corners such as these are more susceptible to cracking that smooth transitions or chamfers. Probe 48 must also be made larger than integral probe 20 in order to provide a structurally satisfactory kiel head and probe combination that is capable of withstanding operational engine stresses.
Electrical discharge machining (EDM) allows for the manufacture of smaller probes than those fabricated from discrete components. It also allows for an increase in the conformance of probes with smooth airflow requirements.
Further advantages of unitized probes can be readily understood with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5 which show a second type of static sensor probe similar to that disclosed above. A unitized probe 52 is shown in a plan view in FIG. 4. The probe has a mounting plate 54 for attachment to the outer skin of an aircraft engine and a locating pin 59 then is used for positioning the probe in the engine as it is secured. The probe further comprises air seal platform 56 which seals an outer air flow path from the outside environment and platform 58 which seals the outer air flow path from an inner air flow path.
FIG. 5 is a cross section of unitized probe 52 taken along line 5--5 of FIG. 4. In this cross section the five sensor lines 60 are shown traveling through a sensor routing area 61 of the probe airfoil 53. The sensor lines 60 each terminate with instrumentation at a kiel head 62. In the view of FIG. 5 a kiel head 62a is shown in cross section. The terminating section of a static temperature probe 64 is shown centered in the sensor placement area 66 of kiel head 62a. Each of the remaining static temperature or static pressure sensors that terminates from lines 60 would be similarly centered in the remaining kiel heads 62. The kiel heads 62 are blended smoothly into airfoil 53 with softly rounded transition sections 67. This strenthens the structural integrity of the kiel cup and aides in preventing disruption of the engine flow stream that might otherwise effect engine efficiency.
In some instances it may be desirable to cap the trailing edge of the probe with a cap portion 68. This cap portion can either conform to airstream requirements or merely be a filler to close off and prevent inadvertent damage to the instrumentation channel 61. In some instances the cap 68 would not be required at all.
FIG. 6 shows yet another embodiment of a unitized instrumentation probe similar to the probes of FIGS. 4 and 5. The plan view of the probe 70 of FIG. 6 can be considered to be the same as FIG. 4 showing probe 52. In the view of FIG. 6 the probe airfoil conforms to that of vanes that would typically be placed in the engine airstream. As a result, the instrumentation probe can be made permanent since it has negligible effects on engine efficiency. The probe 70 is operationally equivalent to other vanes placed at the same engine location and serves as a functional engine part.
The probe shape shown in FIG. 8 can not be achieved by conventional probe manufacturing techniques. It is only through the use of EDM machining and unitized probes that such special shapes can be easily devised. If it is preferred that castings be used, finish machining would preferably be done by the EDM method in order to achieve the small holes required for placing the instrumentation in a kiel head. In either case, use of the unitized probe of this invention permits probes to be constructed for use in an engine as functional parts rather than inert intrusions on the airstream.
The probe 70 has a kiel head 72 having a sensor placement area 74 and a connecting channel 76 to a central instrumentation routing area 78. As shown in the view of FIG. 6 no cap would be required at the trailing edge of a probe with this airfoil shape. The kiel head and probe have been specially devised to have the minimum negative effect on the airstream. The kiel head has a very shallow chamfer 80 which flows into the airfoil surface 82 of the probe 70. This chamfer helps reduce air flow turbulence in the vicinity of the kiel head as well as adding structural strength.
The probe of FIG. 6 demonstrates that it is possible to build probes into engine areas as functional parts rather than specialized probes that are inert. Probes such as probe 70 can be used to direct air flow in a positive manner that increases engine efficiency. Further since these probes can be made of much higher strength material than probes manufactured from discrete parts by brazing and welding they can be made much smaller. Unitized probes can be used in the high temperature and high pressure engine areas. Static pressure and temperature probes can therefore be inserted at the higher compressor stages and in turbine areas where it was previously impossible.
The comparison between FIGS. 3 and 3a demonstrates that unitized probes can be made with a thinner airfoil or cross section then conventional probes. This gives the user the ability to put static pressure or temperatures probes in more confined places than ever before possible. For example, in the high pressure compressor stages of most aircraft engines small blades and vanes are generally used, vane-like sensor probes made in the conventional manner are too large and too fragile for placement in these stages. Small unitized probes, however, can replace selected vanes at such locations and operate successfully for long periods. This is as a result of the miniaturization and increased structural stability of unitized probes. In addition, conventional probes are highly intrusive on the airstream and reduce engine efficiency significantly. Small unitized probes of high temperature material are therefore much more suitable for use in high pressure engine stages.
Examples of materials from which unitized probe can be manufactured include the inconel series of nickel alloys that are known for their high strength and their ability to withstand very high temperatures. Parts made from inconel 625, for example, can withstand up to 1800� F. It is also possible to use the hastelloy series of nickel alloys. This series of metals is capable of withstanding higher temperatures than most the inconel series metals, temperatures which are achieved in the turbine area of the engine. Parts made from hastelloy X for example, are capable of withstanding up to 2000� F. Finally, IN 100 has also proven a suitable material for manufacture of unitized probes and is capable of withstanding temperatures up to 1900� F. In instances where the structural strength of the probe must be increased to that approaching or surpassing vanes at similar locations single crystal material can also be used.
While the invention has been particularly described with reference to the preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in substance and form may be made therein without having departed from the spirit and the scope of the invention as detailed in the attached claims. For example, a multitude of specially shaped unitized probes with integral kiel heads can be constructed in order to minimize the effect of instrumentation on engine airflow. Further, when vane and vane-like shapes are required they should not be limited to those disclosed in reference to the Figures. As is well known, there are a multitude of variations in vane shapes and angles; these can be substantially duplicated with a unitized probe of this invention.
Patent Citations
Non-Patent Citations
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Hi Guys...for anyone who will be at Rhinebeck on Saturday, October 18th and is interested in a planning session for the 2009 Men's Spring Knitting Retreat at Easton Mountain, let me know and I'll tell you when and where we'll be meeting.
It's already shaping up to be a great event.
Hmm, I'm planning on being in Rhinebeck...
I plan to be at Rhinebeck, but at this piont in time it seems more likely that it will be on Sunday rather than on Saturday. Sigh.
*le sigh* I got black-mailed into a
crusie cruise in June - so don't have the vacation time to do this in May.
May make Rhinebeck, though.


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East Greenbush attractions are listed below. Find things to do in or near East Greenbush, NY for your upcoming individual or group travel for East Greenbush visitors. We also offer the great discounts on East Greenbush New York hotel and motel rooms.
Reserving group travel? Save with East Greenbush Group Rates
Attractions + Things To See in East Greenbush
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Hi there, what you is very true for most people; let's say about 90% of us are coming from religions & sects etc. The usual causes are, there is no real interaction with gods or demons unless re movies which are used as propaganda tools in a very cunning way. This is big business in action all the time. This is all to cover up the lack of any answer from the sky or outer space. So this is old news, except something very unusual has changed! what could make a huge amount of money for the non religious later on down the track. It is possible that you have done the right thing walking away from religion even though it is pretty hard to do in normal lifestyle.
I agree that there should be a place where the non-religious can congregate to share ideas. Although, I disagree with the idea of calling it an "Atheist Church" because church has a religious tone to it. Instead, I think that the place of meeting should be immediately distinguishable from a church in the looks, the set up.. just everything. The atheist churches that I've heard and seen online typically give outsiders the impression that atheism is a religion and the set-up is shockingly close to a typical Christian one. I personally don't like how they are structured but the messages are still important.
Nearly all of us are in agreement that this gathering shouldn't be called Atheist church. Sometimes we call it that to each other out of jest, but normally we call it our 'free-thinkers group'.
I was questioned about this by my Christian co-workers. One went so far as to say that it proves the legitimacy of Christianity that a group of Atheists would copy church. I told him simply that Christians don't own Sunday mornings, but the truth is there isn't any more convenient time of the week for us to meet than Sunday morning. I could also say that the main talk closely resembles a TED Talk, but the fact remains that TED Talks closely resemble church sermons. So what do we do about that?
Hi there, I would suggest if I may to call the group after names of the planets. I would not use PLUTO, as that means HADES, to the romans, the name ARTEMUS re goddess of the hunt re DIANA re MOON & the animals, or other planet names etc. What you were saying about the main talks, that is normal for it to drift that way .What may have happened in the brain structure, the childhood religious conditioning for some reason did not cripple the mental ability & alertness to the format structure of the conditioning of information based upon fear & non fact also weak evidence.
TED Talks, in my opinion, are different from church sermons because they all don't connect to one central point that everyone should follow. TED Talks are presented by people's experiences and what they think should be done about that particular subject. You don't see anything like this in a church because church sermons are basically different stories that still push the same point repetitively. Something at a non-religious congregation would bring in many more ideas and viewpoints that a typical church won't have.
I wouldn't be too concerned with the label others might apply to the meeting together of like-minded atheists. If it looks like a church to theists who cares. The important consideration is that you're gaining comfort and a means to fill a void in your life. Hopefully the trend will continue.
An "atheist church" is an oxymoron if ever I heard one.
Atheists should commune with non-atheists. We shouldn't become a mutual admiration society. Potato salad made by a fundamentalist Christian probably tastes just as good as one made by anatheist.
You don't live among Southern Baptists, do you? The choice to not commune with the non-atheists around me isn't my choice.
How is their potato salad?


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Caroline Skinner's Time At 'Doctor Who' Short
Executive Producer worked on 15 episodes of series
It never really seemed that Caroline Skinner was the most enthusiastic addition to the crews behind the scenes of "Doctor Who," but that might also be because she is not always the most forthcoming with her emotions.
Unfortunately, however, Skinner's time as an executive producer on the series was a short one, as she has decided to move on to the BBC Drama Production department in London.
"It has been an honor to have been part of 'Doctor Who,' and a privilege to have worked with Steven Moffat and Matt Smith on this extraordinary show," Skinner said in a statement. "I have hugely enjoyed my time in BBC Wales."
Skinner thanked Faith Penhale, who will replace her as executive producer at least for the upcoming 50th anniversary special, as well as the entire production team behind the show.
"I will miss them enormously, but I'm leaving 'Doctor Who' in fine form, with the new [season] starting at Easter and the fantastic plans for the 50th anniversary already underway."
Skinner joined "Doctor Who" in 2011 for the Christmas special "The Doctor, The Widow and the Wardrobe," and will be a part of 15 episodes overall, ending with this current season before the special. She was a part of the transition from popular companions Karen Gillan and Arthur Darvill to new companion Jenna-Louise Coleman.
Before joining "Doctor Who," Skinner worked primarily as a script editor on shows like "William and Mary," "Bleak House" and "House of Saddam." She also was a producer of the British horror series "The Fades."
Penhale, the current head of drama at BBC Wales, will take over for Skinner, working alongside Moffat. A replacement will likely be named by summer just as pre-production for the next season of "Doctor Who" gets under way.
"Doctor Who" returns March 30 on BBC and BBC America.
About the Author


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Ellen Qualls, Alan Moore Joining McAuliffe's Campaign for Virginia Governor
January 30, 2013
Today, Virginia Gubernatorial Candidate Terry McAuliffe announced that Ellen Qualls and Alan Moore are joining his campaign. Qualls will serve as Senior Advisor and Alan Moore will serve as Direct Mail Consultant.
"Ellen and Alan are proven professionals with dedication to Virginia and long records of success here," said McAuliffe. "Ellen and Alan both have deep backgrounds in and a strong commitment to moving our Commonwealth forward."
"As Virginians, we face critical challenges which demand solutions-oriented, energetic leaders," said Qualls. "As governor, Terry will bring Virginians together to keep us at the head of the pack nationally, jumpstart different sectors of our economy, and help ensure every Virginian has equal access to opportunity. We simply can't afford leadership that would turn the clock back and re-brand Virginia as a place innovative new employers and talented people should avoid."
Background on Qualls and Moore:
Ellen Qualls, Qualls Communications – Senior Advisor
Ellen Qualls is an experienced Virginia political strategist who has worked at the state and federal level. For five years, Ellen served as a senior communications advisor to Virginia Governor Mark Warner. Previously she was a television, radio and print reporter in Virginia and served as the President of the Virginia Capitol Correspondents Association. Most recently, Ellen served as the Director of Surrogate Communications for the 2012 Obama Campaign and was a Senior Advisor in Speaker Pelosi's office.
Alan Moore, Mack Crounse Group – Direct Mail Consultant
Alan Moore has worked on Virginia campaigns at the state and federal level for over a decade. In 2012, Alan was his firm's lead for the Obama Campaign's mail in Virginia; and he created the direct mail for Senator Tim Kaine. Alan also created mail for Senator Warner's 2008 Coordinated Campaign and for former Congressmen Glenn Nye and Tom Perriello. He served as Executive Director of the Democratic Party of Virginia in 2001 and has led two statewide coordinated campaigns: Governor Kaine's in 2005; and the 2007 legislative Coordinated Campaign which helped Democrats retake the Majority in the State Senate.


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Updated: 09/04/2014 6:26 PM
Created: 09/04/2014 12:02 PM KAALtv.com
WINONA, Minn. (AP) - A gymnastics training facility in downtown Winona has been damaged by fire.
Flames could be seen coming from the top of the former YWCA building Thursday at noon. The building currently houses KidSport Gymnastics.
KidSport owner Rob Murray tells the Winona Daily News no one was inside the building at the time. Murray says an early morning practice was held at the gym and everyone left. The fire was reported by a delivery driver.
The KidSport program attracts young gymnasts from across the state and the region, some who compete at the national level.
This a developing story and will be updated once more information is confirmed.


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Posts Tagged «Percival Zhang»
Researchers generate hydrogen from any plant, creating safe, renewable energy April 4, 2013 at 3:20 pm
As time moves on and technology advances, we're not only using finite resources to power our daily lives, but we're adding new and powerful devices to our routines. Those new and powerful devices soak up more power than zero devices would, and our main sources of energy are finite to begin with, so at some point we'll need a new reliable source. Now, a team of researchers has figured out a way to extract significant amounts of hydrogen from any plant, setting up a new source of environmentally friendly energy.


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My Fantasy Wedding Software
My Fantasy Wedding 1 brings an interesting game which challenges you to create the storybook wedding of your dreams!You've always dreamed of your wedding day, now you can make all of your fantasies come true. Plan every aspect of your big day-from. ...
- My Fantasy Wedding
- ValuSoft
- Trial ($19.99)
- 208 Kb
- Windows XP, Windows 2000
My Fantasy Maker is a cool, easy-to-use program, designed to allow users to realistically insert their face (or someone else's face) into any picture. In a few seconds you can recreate millions of fun situations.
- MFM50a.exe
- Lecta Corp.
- Shareware ($20.00)
- 8.65 Mb
- Win98, WinME, WinXP, Windows2000, Windows Vista
My Wedding Organizer is wedding planning software to help make planning your wedding easy! Includes guest list management, budgeting, RSVP management, invitation printing, and our exclusive Merge-Data feature which allows you to share guest data.
- WedOrg.exe
- WeddingSoft.com
- Shareware ($29.95)
- 6.06 Mb
- Windows 95, 98, Me, NT, 2000
Guide a young princess on a perilous journey to her ailing fathers bedside, and restore a ravaged fantasy land along the way, in My Kingdom for the Princess, a unique adventure game. Far away from home, Helen is enjoying a visit with her beloved. ...
- My Kingdom for the Princess for Mac OS
- Macgamestore.com
- Freeware (Free)
- 38 Mb
- Mac OS X 10.4.11 or later
Follow Arthur and Helen on a grand new adventure in My Kingdom for the Princess II, the highly anticipated sequel to the award-winning game. Princess Helen and Sir Arthur decide to go on a honeymoon after their glorious wedding when adversity. ...
- My Kingdom for the Princess II for Mac OS
- Macgamestore.com
- Freeware (Free)
- 92 Mb
- Mac OS X 10.4.11 or later
What?s MY AUTOPLAY ?MY AUTOPLAY is one of popular and easy tools for creating powerful autoplay menus without programming experience. by MY AUTOPLAY you can create menus with buttons, photos, texts, html, flash files, RTF files, GIF files,. ...
- Papm.exe
- Shareware ($49.95)
- 10 Mb
- Windows All
Dwarves, Gnomes and Giants, Oh My! This free voice add-on gives MorphVOX voice changing software, eight new Fantasy voices. From the makers of MorphVOX voice changer, Fantasy Voices is meant to enhance role-play in online games. Now you can play the. ...
- VP-Fantasy_Install.exe
- Screaming Bee LLC
- Freeware (Free)
- 673 Kb
- Win XP, 2000
With My Space Artworks ScreenSaver you will launch into a space odyssey right from the screen of your monitor. My Space Artworks ScreenSaver is a series of fantasy images about outer space. Travel to distant galaxies to see beautiful, mysterious. ...
- My Space Artworks ScreenSaver
- ScreenSavers Wizard
- Shareware ($15.00)
- 6.14 Mb
- Windows2000, WinXP, Windows Vista, Windo
"As a first time bride, contemplating my big day has been quite scary. Thanks to your Perfect Day software, I can enjoy my day and all the events leading up to it as I was meant to" - Marsha Roberts Perfect Day, our award winning wedding planning. ...
- Perfect Day: Free Deluxe Wedding Planner
- Silver Stone Studios
- Shareware ($34.95)
- 10.56 Mb
- Windows XP, 2000
"Final Fantasy" is my first 3D Engine/Project, I would recommend you go to my "Final Dream" project which is light years better than this one https://sourceforge.net/projects/final-dream/ OR see my current personal projects page ...
- Final Fantasy
- facebook.com
- Freeware (Free)
- Windows
Dwarves, Gnomes and Giants, Oh My. Enhance your role-playing with the Fantasy Voice Pack for MorphVOX Voice Changer SoftwareNow you can play the part of the Gruff Dwarf, the Mighty Giant, the Beautiful Warrior Princess, or the Whiney Squire. Have fun with this selection of fantasy inspired voices.
- VP-Fantasy_Install-1.exe
- Screaming Bee
- Shareware ($)
- 890 Kb
- WinXP, Win2000, Win Vista, Windows 7
My IP Suite is an AWARD-WINNING network tool to work with IP addresses. It combines Domain-to-IP Converter, Batch Ping, Tracert, Whois, Website Scanner and Connection Monitor as well as an IP-to-Country Converter into a single interface.
- MyIPSuite.exe
- VastSoft
- Shareware ($39.95)
- 1012 Kb
- Win95, Win98, WinME, WinNT 4.x, WinXP, Windows2000
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