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A container strip in the form of a chain of interconnected preopened bags with openings having longitudinal dimensions of at least about 1/32 inch is disclosed. The container strip provides greatly enhanced facility for bag registration and opening during packaging operations utilizing the improved container strip. A process of forming a chain of pre-opened bags is also disclosed. Face and back plastic webs are independently fed along individual paths of travel to a common path. The webs are differentially tensioned while in their independent paths by stretching the face web more than the back web such that the face web will retract longitudinally more than the back web upon release of the web tension. While so tensioned edge seals are formed between the webs to convert the webs into a tube and longitudinally spaced transverse seals are formed between the webs to delineate bottoms of bags. Transverse lines of weakness are formed in said back web to facilitate separation of bags from the remainder of the web during a subsequent use. Tension in individual bag sections of the face web is released by forming longitudinally spaced transverse separations of the sections and thereby producing a space between each contiguous pair of sections.
1. A process of forming a chain of pre-opened bags comprising:
a) independently feeding first and second plastic webs along individual paths of travel to a common path;
b) differentially tensioning the webs while in their independent paths by stretching the first web more than the second such that the first web which will form bag faces will retract longitudinally more than the second web upon release of the web tension;
c) while so differentially tensioned forming edge seals between the webs to convert the webs into a tube;
d) forming longitudinally spaced transverse seals between the webs to delineate bottoms of bags being formed;
e) forming transverse lines of weakness in said second web to facilitate separation of bags from the remainder of the web during a subsequent use; and
f) releasing the tension in individual bag sections of said first web by forming longitudinally spaced transverse separations of the sections and thereby producing a space between each contiguous pair of said sections.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein transverse lines of weakness are concurrently formed in both webs and thereafter the lines of weakness in the first web are broken to form the transverse separations and thereby release the tension in the sections of the first web.
3. The process of claim 2 wherein the lines of weakness are perforations.
4. The process of claim 1 wherein the lines of weakness are perforations.
5. The process of claim 1 wherein the differential stretching is achieved while the webs are in their independent paths.
6. The process of claim 5 wherein each such space is at least 1/32 inch in dimension longitudinally of the web.
7. The process of claim 6 wherein the differential tensioning is maintained in those portions of the webs being joined by side seals.
8. The process of claim 5 wherein the differential stretching is accomplished by differential tensioning the webs while in their independent paths.
9. A process of forming a chain of interconnected and pre-opened bags comprising:
a) feeding a bag face web along an independent path of travel to a joint path of travel;
b) feeding a bag back web along a different independent path of travel to the joint path;
c) tensioning the webs as they are fed along their respective independent paths to differentially stretch the webs with the face web being stretched more than the back web;
d) forming side seals between the webs while so differentially stretched to form a tube;
e) delineating bag bottoms by forming transverse, longitudinally spaced seals between the webs;
f) forming face and back web pairs of transverse lines of weakness at longitudinally spaced locations with each pair of lines delineating a bag top;
g) zinging sections of the face web forming bag faces to tear the face web perforations and thereby open each bag; and
h) releasing the web tension to allow the inherent resiliency of each web to achieve an unstretched condition and thereby produce a space between each bag face and its adjacent bag end whereby to provide a chain of easy open bags with easily detectable lines of weakness.
10. A process for forming an elongate chain of interconnected, preopened, plastic bags comprising:
a) forming an elongate flattened tube having juxtaposed face and back plies;
b) forming a series of spaced, bag bottom delineating, transverse seals between the plies;
c) forming transverse lines of weakness in the back ply spaced from one another at intervals corresponding to the spacing between the seals, each of the lines of weakness being near one of the seals to delineate ends of two contiguous bags being formed;
d) forming bag openings in the front ply, each bag opening being aligned with an associated one of the lines of weakness with each opening extending longitudinally of the web in both directions from its associated line of weakness a distance sufficient to assure detector access to the associated line of weakness; and,
e) collecting a quantity of the formed interconnected bags into a dispensing arrangement comprised of a selected one of a coil and a festooned array.
11. The process of claim 10 wherein the longitudinal dimension of each opening is at least about 1/32 inch.
12. The process of claim 11 wherein each opening is substantially longitudinally symmetrical of its associated line of weakness.
13. The process of claim 10 wherein each opening is substantially longitudinally symmetrical of its associated line of weakness.
This invention relates to chains of interconnected, pre-opened bags used in packaging and more particularly relates to a novel and improved chain of bags and method of making them.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,254,828, issued Jun. 7, 1966, to Hershey Lerner under the title Flexible Container Strips is directed to so called bags on a roll (here the AutoBag patent). This patent discloses a web of bags interconnected by lines of weakness, preferably in the form of perforations, with each of the bags being open on one face. In use the bags are sequentially fed to a loading station. When at the loading station, each bag is blown open, a product is inserted and thereafter separated from the web and, if desired, the bag is then sealed to form a package.
These container strips in the form of chains of pre-opened bags are supplied either on a roll as taught in the AutoBag patent or festooned in a carton in the manner taught in U.S. Pat. No. 4,201,029, issued May 6, 1980, to Bernard Lerner et al. under the title Method and Apparatus for Packaging, (here the Wig-Wag patent). Such container strips have been sold by Automated Packaging Systems, Inc. of Streetsboro, Ohio, the assignee of the present case, under the trademark AutoBag and have enjoyed great commercial success.
Both AutoBag and competitive products have usually been made by feeding a tube through a converting machine. Such a machine forms transverse seals to delineate the bottoms of the bags and transverse lines of weakness by perforating both layers of the tube to delineate contiguous ends of adjacent bags. After the perforations are formed, a "zinging" operation is performed on each bag to open the front of the bag while leaving the perforations of the back intact.
Relatively recently a market has developed for these chains of bags made from two layers of plastic, so that the plastic of the front of the bag is different from that of the back of the bag. For example, some customers for such bags may wish the back of the bag to be white to enhance the legibility of information imprinted on it such as instructions on how to use a product packaged in the bag. The front of the bag is clear, so that the contents of a package are readily visible. To accomplish this two single layer webs of plastic are fed from respective supplies in a manner similar to that taught in U.S. Pat. No. 4,337,058 issued Jun. 29, 1982 to Bernard Lerner under the title Method of Making a Container Strip Having Inserts. Marginal edges of the two webs are then fused together to form a tube and remainder of the container strip manufacture is identical to that when the supplied work piece is a flattened tube.
So called "multiple up" production has also become quite customary. With multiple up, the work piece may be either a relatively wide flattened tube or two relatively wide single ply sheets fed together and fused. In either event hot knives are used to sever the work piece into two or more elongate tubes and thereafter each new tube is made into a chain of pre-opened bags.
When bags are made from two single ply webs, every effort has been made to provide identical tension on the two webs, so that once made into a tube the only difference of the tube from one provided as a tubular work piece is that the front and back are not identical, such as the back may be pigmented while the front is clear. With the two single ply approach, if the bag making machine was not adjusted properly, once opened the bags would not lie flat with the separated edges which delineate the openings lying in closely juxtaposed positions. The resultant product was often scrap. If the edges were not juxtaposed but rather there was a gap between them, they were rejected because they were perceived to be unacceptable to customers as unsightly and bags which would produce packages with misaligned top edges. If the top edge of an opened bag overlapped the bottom of the adjacent bag, all too often the spark gap detector used for bag registration in a bagging machine would not function properly. Such a bagging machine is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,014,154, issued Mar. 29, 1977, to Bernard Lerner and related patents identified therein (here the H-100 patents).
It has now been recognized for the first time that if chains of bags are made from single ply webs that are differentially tensioned an improved and superior product can be produced.
The improved product is a flexible container strip formed of an elongated flexible tube of plastic material capable of bonding to itself at a predetermined temperature on application of pressure but being otherwise non-adherent to material of identical composition. The tube is longitudinally collapsed with face and back plies joined together along their longitudinal side edges. A plurality of spaced, transversely disposed bottom seals each secure the plies together and delineate ends of fillable bag spaces. Each seal extends transversely from one side edge of the tube to another such that the tube is separated into a chain of connected bags. The face ply of each bag has a transverse end opening extending substantially from one side edge of the bag to the other and extending longitudinally at least about 1/32 of an inch to facilitate bag opening and loading and provide access to the back ply. Each opening is adjacent the end of the bag remote from its bottom seal forming the filling space end of that bag such that the bags of the chain are all oriented in the same direction.
The openings formed in the face ply are at longitudinally spaced intervals equal to the spacing of the bottom seals. The back ply of each bag has a transversely weakened tearable portion extending substantially from one side edge to another to permit facile separation of the bags while maintaining the integrity of the back ply and the tube. Each tearable portion is aligned with and accessible through the end opening of its bag. Thus, the improved strip is a chain of collapsed bags which may be fed serially along a path from a supply to bag opening and load stations, may be readily and accurately registered at a load station through spark detector location of the tearable portions and may be opened by a blast of air directed longitudinally of the path and then loaded and separated from the chain sequentially and one at a time.
In the preferred method of manufacture the tension on the web which will become the face of the bags is carefully differentially tensioned to stretch it, without exceeding its elastic limit, more than the web which will become the back of the bags. Alternatively the back web is tensioned more than the front to exceed its elastic limit. While the differential tensioning is maintained, side seams are formed to produce a tube. Preferably the balance of the container strip formation operation is that which has been employed in the past, so that existing manufacturing equipment can be used without modification.
The improved product results when the face of a bag is "zung" to form a transverse opening delineating the top of the bag. The formation of the opening releases the tension in the face of the bag, so that the face of the bag will shrink with the result that the top edge of the just opened bag will be at least about 1/32 (one thirty second) of an inch from the bottom edge of the following adjacent bag. The resultant product not only facilitates bag opening at a load station, but also assists in reliably producing appropriate bag registration at a load station. Registration is enhanced because the perforations in the back face, being aligned with and accessible through the elongated opening, are readily, precisely and reliably detected by a spark detector.
In an alternate system for making the improved chain of bags, bottom seals and perforations are formed and the web is "zung" to separate perforations of the face web. Thereafter side seals are formed while the back web is maintained under controlled tension to produce bags having top openings of consistent and desired longitudinal extent.
Accordingly, the objects of the invention are to provide a novel and improved chain of interconnected but pre-opened bags and a method of making such a chain.
FIG. 1 is a fragmentary plan view of a section of a chain of interconnected bags made in accordance with invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the chain of FIG. 1 as seen from the plane indicated by the line 2--2 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of a section of the chain indicated by the circle 3 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a side elevational, schematic view of a process of making a chain; and,
FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view of the machine of FIG. 4.
Referring now to the drawings and to FIGS. 4 and 5 in particular, a pair of single ply individual web supplies 10, 12 are provided which are face and back webs respectively. Webs from the supplies 10, 12 are respectively fed along individual paths of travel 14, 15 to a juncture at juncture nip rolls 17. Tension control nip roll sets 18, 20 are provided. The set 18 is positioned along the path 14 to tension the face web 10 while the set 20 is along the path 15 to tension the back web 12. When in operation the nip roll set 18 will be set to tension the face web to a higher level than the back web, in that the web from the supply 10 will form the face of fronts of bags being produced.
The webs are fed from the juncture nip rolls 17 along a common path of travel 28. Hot knives 22, 23 are positioned downstream from the juncture nips 17 to form bead seals along side edges of the webs and convert the webs into a tube. Trim strips 25, 26 formed by the hot knives are removed for collection and recycling.
Once formed into a tube the combined webs pass through a sealer 30 which form transverse seals to become the bottoms of the bags being produced. Next a perforator 32 forms transverse lines of weakness in the tube to delineate, in each case, a bag bottom adjacent a transverse seal and the top of an adjoining bag.
A rotating finger known as a "zinger" 34 is provided. The zinger has a surface speed slightly greater than the speed of the web so that as the zinger 34 strikes a section of the web that will be the front of a bag, acting against the resistance of an anvil roll 35, it separates the perforations of the front web to form a bag opening. Thereafter the web, now formed into a container strip of interconnected but open bags, is collected at a take up 38. Apart from the adjustment of the tension control nips 18, 20 to provide differential tensioning, the machine and the process thus far described are now conventional and well known to those in the art.
Referring now to FIGS. 1 through 3, the novel container strip of this invention is shown generally at 40. The strip includes a plurality of interconnected bags 42 joined together in a back ply 43 by lines of weakness 44 in the form of perforations. Transverse seals 46 delineate the bottoms of bags.
The face ply formed by the web from the supply 10 is separated into individual bag face sections 48. A transversely extending bag opening 50 is adjacent the top of each bag face section 48. Each opening 50 extends completely across the web from one side edge 52 to the other 53, while the perforations in the back 43 remain intact. Each bag opening extends longitudinally of the web preferably at least 1/32 (one thirty second) of an inch.
The importance of the longitudinal extent of these openings is best understood by reference to FIG. 3. A conventional spark detector is shown schematically at 55. Assuming the web is moving from right to left in FIG. 3 so that the bags are being fed closed end first in a bagging machine, as is conventional, it will be seen that the detector 55 will readily be able to locate the perforations 44 once the spark path indicated schematically at 58 is aligned with the perforations.
In operation coils of single ply plastic are mounted to provide the front and back supplies 10, 12. The materials of the webs may be other than identical so long as they are capable of being sealed together. For example, one web may be pigmented such that it is translucent or opaque while the other web is clear. Typically the plastic will be polyethylene, although other thermal softenable plastics capable of adherence together on application of heat and pressure are sometimes employed.
Webs from the supplies 10, 12 are fed along their respective independent paths of travel through the tension control nip rolls 18, 20 to the juncture nips 17. They are then fed along the path 28 past the hot knives 22, 23, the transverse sealer 30, the perforator 32, the zinger 34 and thence to the take up 38.
Once the machine is set up and operation commences, the nips 18, 20 are adjusted to provide differential tension along the paths 14, 15. The appropriate tension is a function of the material, its thickness and its width.
Once appropriate tension has been at least provisionally established and temperatures of the hot knives and transverse sealer are adjusted to appropriate levels, production commences. Tension is further adjusted as the machine operates until desired finished products are consistently produced. During production the two plies are fed past the hot knives to create a tube with a front face stretched more than the back. This differential stretching is maintained as the now formed tube passes the transverse sealer and the perforator. Once the face web is opened by the zinging operation, the tension in the just opened web face section is released and it will shrink longitudinally of the web relative to the back to produce the desired opening of at least 1/32 (one thirty second) of an inch measured longitudinally of the web.
Although the invention has been described in its preferred form with a certain degree of particularity, it is understood that the present disclosure of the preferred form has been made only by way of example and that numerous changes in the details of construction, operation and the combination and arrangement of parts may be resorted to without departing from the spirit and the scope of the invention as hereinafter claimed.
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Truro's Llama Lland welcomes first miniature llama herd in Europe
Posted: February 18, 2014|
Two llama farmers near Truro have unveiled Europe's first and only herd of miniature llamas.
After years of breeding and rearing, Tom and Julie Tripp of Llama Lland Llittle Llamas, formerly known as Llama Lland, in Shortlandsend have revealed their secret herd of miniature llamas.
The couple, who have owned one of the largest groups of full size llamas in the UK for more than a decade, bought 22 of the miniature animals from America five years ago.
Mr Tripp said: "We decided to import the miniature llamas mainly because we like llamas due to their temperaments.
"Some people get put off by llamas due to their size and we thought they might be more popular if we offered people some in a smaller package."
Eager to acclimatise and increase the herd's numbers, the llama farmers kept their miniature creatures a secret.
Now, more than 30 months since their small hoof's first touched Cornish soil, Mr and Mrs Tripp are ready to invite visitors to the only see the only collection of miniature llamas this side of the pond.
The tiny breed was pioneered in the 1990s by farmers in America.
Breeders would pick the smallest llamas in their herd, or cloud, as a collection of llamas in known, to mate with each other in the hope of producing suitably small offspring.
Now, several generations later, the average miniature llama measures 3ft from its shoulder to the floor and is much smaller than its regular sized cousins.
For Mr Tripp both miniature and standard llamas make excellent pets for people with enough space.
He said: "Not a lot of people realise that llamas are really easy to get on with. They are relaxed, incredibly low maintenance and very resilient to illnesses.
The farmer also noted that the animals earn their keep by controlling grass and scrub land.
"Their favourite foods are prickly things such as blackthorn bushes, brambles, gorse and stinging nettles. They will eat grass and we feed them hay as well, but these aren't their favourites," added Mr Tripp.
Llama Lland Llittle Llamas will reopen in April, when people will be able to book full sized and miniature llama walks.
The couple are also selling miniature and standard size versions of the animals to buyers with a minimum of three other llamas and sufficient space.
Booking for llama walks is essential and can be made by calling Tom Tripp on 07999 542 463, or 01872 540 465, or by emailing firstname.lastname@example.com.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Click Here to Watch the Whole Video in HD at Out In Public
This website contains tales and footage of gay sex in public places. Our team hits the streets in popular vacation towns looking for guys.
What a day, what a day! lol that saying is an understatement at this moment. Today we have the homie Beau chilling out with me and he wants me to hook him up with some fellas from the M.I.A, so what the hell.. We go hunting at the design district and god must love me, because, walking all alone, was this dude Sebastian who looked like he was in dire need of cash! So we chit chat and he is down to do whatever we wanna do with him, although at first he was a little skeptic. But as usual cash does it every time! So we go to the art gallery and these boys get down and busy for all to see..
Pixels: 320X240 | Bitrate: 350K
Pixels: 640X480 | Bitrate: 700K
That's cool, but this is big crazy in artist's building.
But Hot


text: No recent wiki edits to this page. Deron Williams is a 6'3", 210 lb. Guard from the University of Illionois at Urbana-Champaign who has played for the Utah Jazz. In his junior season at the University of Illinois the team advanced to the NCAA Finals but lost to the University of North Carolina Tar Heels. Following this season Williams declared for the NBA Draft. He was drafted third overall in the 2005 NBA Draft. In his rookie season he averaged 10.8 points per game and 4.5 assists per game. In his second season his numbers improved to 16.2 points per game and 9.3 assists per game. The Jazz won the Northwest Division title that year. They would advance to the Western Conference Finals that year. In his third year he would average 18.8 points per game and 10.5 assists per game. The Jazz would make the playoffs but lose to the Los Angeles Lakers in the second round. In 2008 Williams would be part of Team USA that would go undefeated and win the gold medal in the Beijing Olympics. In the 2008-09 season Williams would miss 13 of the first 15 games of the regular season due to a second-degree ankle sprain in the preseason. That season he would average 19.4 points per game. He is one of the best point guards in the NBA but has yet to be chosen to an All-Star Game.


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Students requesting official transcripts from Community College of Beaver County may do so in several ways:
1. Electronically via MyCCBC
You will be required to login using your username and password. Click on the "Student Tab" and then "Transcript Request".
Note: A student's login only remains active for up to one year after graduation. After this time, students will not be able to request a transcript electronically.
2. In Person
Processing takes place at the Main Campus's Information and Registration Center (IRC), located in the Student Services Center. The IRC is open Monday-Thursday from 8 a.m. to 7 p.m. and on Friday from 8 a.m.-4:30 p.m.
3. Mail, Fax, or Email the Transcript Request Form
Community College of Beaver County
Information and Registration Center
1 Campus Drive
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Transcripts are free if mailed. There is a $5.00 fee for immediate processing. The student's signature is required before processing of official transcripts.
For more information, please contact the Transcript Office at 724-480-3417.
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text:
Mr Peters' Connections
Editorial Staff • West End • 28 Jul 2000
Arthur Miller is one of the world s greatest living playwrights – indeed, according to a National Theatre poll last year, he s the most important playwright, living or dead, of the last century. But even the greatest artists have lows as well as highs. And with Miller, along with award-winning plays such as The Crucible, Death of a Salesman and All My Sons (currently being revived at the National s Cottesloe), we have confusing little works like Mr Peters' Connections (in its British premiere here, directed by Michael Blakemore) which, if not exactly a low, certainly doesn t reach the dramatic heights of its predecessors.
While waiting for his wife one afternoon, Mr Peters dozes off in a derelict nightclub. Or at least that s what appears to happen – it could also be that Peter J Davison s black and white set of soaring skyscrapers and translucent divides is a figment of Peters imagination, and he is in fact dying in a hospital bed somewhere. Either way, all that subsequently transpires is filtered through the gauze of Peters semi-consciousness. Characters drift in and out aimlessly, a dreamlike hodge-podge of identities – Mrs Peters, a dead brother (or estate agent), a thuggish shoe salesman, a black bag lady, a dead ex-lover named Cathy-May (who bears a striking resemblance to Miller s own late ex-wife, Marilyn Monroe), Mr Peters pregnant daughter (or just a woman off the street) and her boyfriend.
Peters, perhaps like Miller himself who is now 85, is "older than everyone I ever knew". He reviews his life, searching for a meaning, yearning for simpler times, and struggling to understand a world he no longer recognises. Potentially moving stuff, and yet Peters continual refrain – "What is the subject?" – leaves me irritated.
A question Miller would have been better off asking is: "Where is the plot?" Or character development for that matter. Aside from vague mentions of a past career as a Pan-Am pilot, we re told precious little about Peters – what happened with Cathy-May and how she died, for starters. And so, with no depth of story or plot, there s nothing really to carry the audience s interest forwards.
The cast offer some diversions. American actor John Cullum (who ll be familiar to fans of TV s Northern Exposure or ER) is watchable as Mr Peters, and the supporting cast are certainly capable even if they have scant opportunity to make an impact.
And for all it s faults, there are flashes of brilliance in Miller s script – lines like "How like sex the trumpet is, it always leaves you kind of sad when it s finished" that stick in your memory and a spirit of nostalgia that s infectious. But thoughtful isn t the same thing as entertaining. Though a short play (just 80 minutes), Mr Peters' Connections is extraordinarily long and ultimately disappointing.


text:
In this issue:
By Brent Pringnitz, ISU Agribusiness Education Program
The Iowa State University Integrated Crop Management Conference will be held Dec. 2 – 3 on the Iowa State University (ISU) campus. Registration begins at 7:30 a.m. on Dec. 2 in the Scheman Building and the program concludes at 4:00 p.m. on Dec 3.
Conference attendees can choose from 34 different workshops that offer the latest information on crop production and protection technology in Iowa and surrounding states. Workshops are offered by ISU faculty and staff and invited speakers from around the Midwest. The conference is hosted by ISU Extension, the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences and the departments of Agronomy, Entomology, Plant Pathology and Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering.
A popular feature of the conference is the variety of guest speakers on the program. Each year ISU specialists invite colleagues in their field to share their research activities with conference attendees. This provides an opportunity to hear expertise and opinions from across the region and country in one location. Invited speakers this year include:
• Emerson Nafziger, extension agronomist, University of Illinois, speaking on the agronomics of high-yield corn• Chris Boerboom, extension weed scientist, University of Wisconsin, on herbicide injury in soybeans• Seth Naeve, extension soybean specialist, University of Minnesota, on the little things in management that impact overall soybean yield• Tamra Jackson, plant pathologist, University of Nebraska, discussing the reemergence of Goss's Wilt in Midwestern corn
• Emerson Nafziger, extension agronomist, University of Illinois, speaking on the agronomics of high-yield corn• Chris Boerboom, extension weed scientist, University of Wisconsin, on herbicide injury in soybeans• Seth Naeve, extension soybean specialist, University of Minnesota, on the little things in management that impact overall soybean yield• Tamra Jackson, plant pathologist, University of Nebraska, discussing the reemergence of Goss's Wilt in Midwestern corn
In recent years the conference has filled to capacity with nearly 1,000 producers and agribusiness people in attendance.
Attendees can obtain up to 14 Certified Crop Adviser credits as well as Commercial Pesticide Applicator recertification in categories 1A (weeds), 1B (insects), 1C (crop diseases), 4 (seed treatment) and 10 (research and demonstration.)
To register online for this event or for more information, visit the AEP Web site at www.aep.iastate.edu. Registration is $185. After November 20, registration increases to $235. Enrollment is limited and no registrations will be accepted at the door.
Brent Pringnitz is the coordinator of the Iowa State University Extension Agribusiness Education Program. He can be reached at 515/294-9487 or by email at firstname.lastname@example.com.
By Brent Pringnitz, Agribusiness Education Program
Updates on the latest crop production products and recommendations are the featured topics of the 2009 Ag Chemical Dealer Update Series. Sponsored by Iowa State University Extension, this series will be held Nov. 24 to Dec. 16 at eight locations around Iowa.
These meetings are an excellent opportunity for ag input dealers to meet with extension specialists to review current research, discuss new products and learn of new recommendations.
Each location will feature presentations on weed, insect and crop disease management, as well as soil nutrient management. Each meeting is approved for Certified Crop Adviser (CCA) credits. The meetings offer recertification for Iowa Commercial Pesticide Applicators in categories 1A, 1B, 1C and 10. Recertification is included in meeting registration.
For more information about a particular program, contact the host listed below. Online registration materials and additional information about the meetings are available at www.aep.iastate.edu. An early registration discount is offered to participants who sign up a week or more before the program date.
Program dates, locations and facilitators are:Nov. 24 - Waterloo, George Cummins, (641) 228-1453, firstname.lastname@example.com
Nov. 24 - Calmar, Brian Lang, (563) 382-2949, email@example.com
Dec. 7 - Lewis, Kyle Jensen, (712) 769-2600, email@example.com
Dec. 8 - Mason City, George Cummins, (641) 228-1453, firstname.lastname@example.com
Dec. 9 - Storm Lake, Paul Kassel, (712) 262-2264, firstname.lastname@example.com, and Mark Licht, (712) 792-2364, firstname.lastname@example.com
Dec. 10 - Creston, Aaron Saeugling, (641) 782-8426, firstname.lastname@example.com, and Mark Carlton, (641) 932-5612, firstname.lastname@example.com
Dec. 14 - Iowa City, Jim Fawcett, (319) 337-2145, firstname.lastname@example.com, and Virgil Schmitt, (563) 263-5701, firstname.lastname@example.com
Dec. 16 - Ames, John Holmes, (515) 532-3453, firstname.lastname@example.com, and Mark Wuebker, (515) 957-5778, firstname.lastname@example.com
Brent A. Pringnitz is the coordinator of the Iowa State University Extension Agribusiness Education Program. He can be reached at 515/294-9487 or by email at firstname.lastname@example.com.
By Charles Hurburgh, Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering; Roger Elmore, Department of Agronomy
The state experienced a hard freeze Oct. 10 and 11, ending a growing season that had been slowed by rain and, in some areas snow. Despite the overall cool growing season – highlighted by a warm period in early September – the USDA October yield estimate of 186 bushels per acre in Iowa is the highest on record. As often happens with high grain yields, quality issues are surfacing. This article summarizes current field conditions, looks at test weight, weight shrink, and corn storability; two other articles in this series discuss field molds and storage management.
A cool, long growing season will often result in high yields with high grain moistures and low test weights. The lower test weight is the result of more starch and lower protein on a relative basis, a condition that also reduces field dry down rates and increases drying costs. The quick burst of heat in September moved many crops, especially in the western half of the state, to maturity at the further expense of some grain fill and test weight.
East of Interstate 35, corn ranges from the low 20s to mid 30s moisture. Some corn was frost-damaged at the half to three-quarter milk line. This corn will be low test weight (likely below 50 lb/Bu) with all the characteristics associated with low test weight (see below). Frost Damage to Corn and Soybeans, PM1635 has more specific information on frost damage to corn and soybeans.
Corn that has not dried early in the harvest period often stops at 17 to 18 percent. In 2008, this was in the 20-22 percent range. With the number of favorable drying hours much fewer after Oct. 20, attention needs to be given to stalk health. Producers may have to harvest wetter corn first if it is lodging.
Expect drying to cost about five cents per point of moisture removed. Eight points removed, down to 15 percent moisture, would cost about 40 cents per bushel plus the weight shrink. For this reason, there will be an incentive to hold corn at higher moistures, awaiting better drying conditions in the spring, blending opportunities, or higher moisture feeding. However, experiences from 2008 demonstrated the high risk doing this, particularly when test weights are below 54 pounds per bushel (lb/Bu) after drying.
Test weight Test weight is expressed as pounds per volumetric bushel. Corn test weights can range from 45 to over 60 pounds per bushel. The market standard is 54 pounds per bushel, the grade limit for No. 2 Yellow corn. Kernel size, shape, and density all affect test weight.
Higher test weights mean better filled kernels with a higher percentage of hard endosperm. Low test weights frequently imply that the crop did not mature entirely or that it was subjected to stress conditions. Dry corn test weights of 52-54 pounds per bushel (compared with the more typical 55-57 pounds per bushel) are indicative of incomplete maturity.
Food processors are sensitive to lower test weight. Product yield and quality is reduced. Ethanol processors may not be greatly affected by lower test weight this year; lower protein and higher starch yields more ethanol, but does reduce DDGS quality. Most ethanol plants stop taking corn at either 17 or 18 percent, and generally reject corn about 10 percent damage. The feed value on a weight, not volume, basis of low test weight corn is nearly equal to normal corn. Light corn will break more easily and create more fines in storage.
Weight ShrinkHigher valued corn and higher moisture have increased the importance of shrink calculations. Regardless of the grain and starting moisture, the water shrink, per percentage point of moisture, will always be 100/(100-target moisture). The market targets are normally 15 percent for corn and 13 percent for soybeans which leads to 1.17 and 1.15 percent shrink per point respectively. Any additional deduction in the market shrink calculation is an allowance for material handling losses.
For example, a corn shrink of 1.4 percent per point gives about 0.22 percent per point for handling loss. Typically a commercial elevator experiences about 1 percent overall handling loss and a good farm system about 0.5 percent overall handling loss. This does not include weight loss from spoilage if grain goes out of condition. About 0.5 percent of the weight is lost for every 3 percentage points increase (e.g. from 3 percent to 6 percent) in damage.
Accurate moisture tests are also needed to make shrink calculations work well. Check farm meters on 10-15 samples against the State-inspected meter at the local elevator, or the readings from an Official USDA grain inspector (see list of locations).
Grain elevators must post their shrink factors as the sum of water plus handling loss. Shrink calculations are important for warehouse receipts, loans, proven yield calculations, and inventory estimates. The general principle is to use a shrink rate that gives a reasonable estimate of the actual grain weight remaining after drying and handling operations. Consider the costs of drying, aeration and storage separately from weight shrink.
Corn StorabilityTest weight is a good indicator of corn storability. Corn that is below 54 lb/Bu after drying should not be stored into warm weather and should be dried to less than 15 percent moisture before storage of any duration. Lighter corn also will break more in handling.
Corn normally gains about 0.25 lb/Bu per percent of moisture removed, more with low temperature drying and less if corn temperatures exceed 150F. We are also learning that corn that has reached 150F or more in drying is more difficult to ferment in ethanol plants. However, corn with test weights below 50 lbs/Bu often increases test weight at a reduced rate, progressively less down to 45 lb/Bu where there may be no increase in test weight at all.
The moisture meters used at elevators also measure test weight. The state of Iowa moisture meter inspection will not check the test weight function; this is done by taking 5-10 samples of varying test weight to an official USDA licensed grain grader (list linked above), and adjusting the meter to match the average of the official tests.
Scout for field mold problems. If you were in one of the several hail areas, field mold is more likely. A September ICM News article addresses management of hailed corn.
Field mold can create toxin and feed value concerns, and marketing problems if the damage is high enough to create discounts. A separate article in this series addresses mold concerns.
We learned from 2008 that extra cost in additional handling and drying logistics is likely to pay off in terms of avoiding spoilage losses later on. This would not be a good year to take chances that wetter corn will keep and can be absorbed in the spring/summer. See the storage management article in this series for more information.
Charles Hurburgh is a professor of Agricultural and Biosystems . He can be contacted at (515) 294-8629 or by email at firstname.lastname@example.com. Roger Elmore is a professor of agronomy with research and extension responsibilities in corn production. He can be contacted by email at email@example.com or (515) 294-6655.
By Alison Robertson, Department of Plant Pathology; Roger Elmore, Department of Agronomy; Charles Hurburgh, Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Frost Oct. 10 and 11 ended the crop growing season in most parts of the state, at the same time the USDA announced October yield estimates of 186 bushels per acre in Iowa. Although high grain yields are expected, reports of quality issues are surfacing.
Cool wet fall conditions favor the development of ear rots caused by Fusarium spp. These white or pink ear rots are often found in ear corn stored too wet. Field moistures in the low 20s over a long period can favor growth of these fungi, provided temperatures are warm enough (usually above 45F). These fungi also can produce several toxins that harmful to people and livestock – vomitoxin, zearalenone, and fumonisin. Grain with field mold should be tested for mycotoxins before feeding.
Scouting and harvesting fields with disease problemsHigh moisture conditions favor growth of many ear and stalk rot fungi. Fields should be scouted as soon as possible to determine the extent of disease problems. To minimize losses due to ear rot and increased mycotoxin levels, it is recommended that producers harvest problem fields (greater than 10-15 percent incidence of ear rot) as soon as possible.
The longer the corn remains in the field, the greater the chance of toxin production. The toxins most likely to increase in the field at this time are those associated with Gibberella and Fusarium ear rots - namely vomitoxin, zearalenone and fumonisin.
Diplodia ear rot is more prevalent this season than in previous years. Although mycotoxins associated with Diplodia ear rot have not been reported in the U.S., grain quality will decrease substantially if the corn is allowed to remain in the field, thus early harvest is also recommended in these fields.
Adjust harvest equipment to minimize damage to kernels since mold and mycotoxin levels tend to be at greater levels in damaged kernels. Dry (to less than 15 percent moisture) and cool (to less than 45 degrees F) grain as quickly as possible to reduce further mold growth and toxin production.
Elevator operators, especially in eastern Iowa report cases of visible mold damage levels 5 percent and higher. In normal years, overall mold damage levels are generally less than 2 percent in freshly harvested corn. High damage levels in harvested grain create challenges for grain grading, particularly in the harvest rush. Damaged corn sharply reduces the future storage life of the grain.
Storage issuesStorage and harvest management will be particularly important. Field damaged grain, regardless of reason, should not be mixed with good grain. Producers should harvest around water holes, downed grain and immature areas. Do not mix damaged grain with good grain in storage. Regardless of condition, all grain should be aerated immediately to reduce temperature and equalize moisture.
Field damaged grain will not store beyond the winter months. Maintain 1 to 2 percentage points lower moisture than normal grain (for example, 13 percent corn instead of more typical 15 percent). Do not try to hold field damaged corn at higher moistures to avoid drying expense. If you suspect mycotoxin problems, check with crop insurance providers to see if adjustments may be needed, and how to represent the areas to be adjusted. Your veterinarian or the local USDA grain inspection service provider can assist with obtaining mycotoxin testing. Crop adjustments for quality problems, including mycotoxins, must be done on standing corn at or before harvest.
Accurate grading of field-damaged grain is always difficult in the rush of harvest. Expect end users, such as ethanol plants, to increase their level of grading because mold and weather damage reduce processing yields/byproduct quality.
An Official USDA grade is the standard against which buyer analysis should be compared. It is important that company graders be trained to match USDA graders. Alternatively, samples can be submitted to USDA grading agencies but this process is slower and more costly. In the event of a dispute, use an Official grader. The variety of damage types will be very challenging to evaluate. You can locate the official agency in your area from the USDA list of official inspection and/or weighing services.
Livestock Feed IssuesLivestock (swine, cattle, horses, poultry) are susceptible to certain mycotoxins. Therefore any grain that is fed to livestock should be tested for mycotoxins. Dairy producers should be particularly sensitive to mycotoxins. (See tables below.)
The wide variety of molds has created a range of mycotoxin possibilities – primarily vomitoxin, zearalenone and fumonisin. Prolonged cloudy, humid weather encourages production of the fusarium-based toxins.
Veterinarians can submit samples to the Iowa State Veterinary Diagnostic Lab. Alternatively, Official USDA grading agencies can do quick tests for these toxins. Toxins concentrate in the distillers grains three to four times the levels in the corn. Ethanol plants are doing quick screening tests on inbound grain, especially on low test weight corn (less than 50 lb/Bu).
Please see ISU Extension publications Aflatoxins in Corn - PM1800, and Corn Ear Rots, Storage Molds, Mycotoxins, and Animal Health - PM 1698, for guidelines on sampling and sample handling. The black light test will not detect infection by Fusarium spp.
Additional Articles• The USDA – GIPSA – Grain Fungal Diseases & Mycotoxin Reference – Sept 2006 has additional information regarding Vomitoxin and Fumonisum; the FDA – Compliance Program Guidance Manual – 7371.003 – Dec 2005 contains the reference Guidance for Fumonisins in Animal Feeds .• 2009 Corn Quality Issues – Hurburgh, Elmore• 2009 Corn Quality Issues - Storage Management – Hurburgh, Elmore
Alison Robertson is an assistant professor of plant pathology with research and extension responsibilities in field crop diseases. Robertson may be reached at (515) 294-6708 or by email at email@example.com. Roger Elmore is a professor of agronomy with research and extension responsibilities in corn production. He can be contacted by email at firstname.lastname@example.com or (515) 294-6655. Charles Hurburgh is a professor of Agricultural and Biosystems . He can be contacted at (515) 294-8629 or by email at email@example.com.
It looks like we will have another large wet crop, especially in eastern Iowa. There is less room to accommodate problems from this year because the grain market system is already overloaded with poor quality corn from 2008 crop. However, we learned from 2008 – extra cost in additional handling and drying logistics is likely to pay off in terms of avoiding spoilage losses later on. This would not be a good year to take chances that wetter corn will keep and can be absorbed in the spring/summer.
Storage ManagementGrains have a shelf life just like any food product. Shelf life is primarily determined by moisture content and temperature. It is gradually used through the time before use, and each operation or storage regime consumes a portion of the life. The table below gives the storage life for corn and soybeans at varying moistures and temperatures.
Some cautions in using the Table:1. The numbers assume that temperatures are held constant – such as with aeration. Grain heats when it spoils, and gives off moisture. Unaerated grain will shorten its own shelf life through moisture and heat.
2. Lower test weight corn will spoil faster than the Table indicates. In 2008 the storage times were about half of those expected.
3. If corn is held at higher moisture then dried, the storage time can be used up by the wet conditions. The dry corn will still experience hot spots or other problems in the summer. This was common for the 2008 crop.
Every action taken after harvest affects the ultimate length of time grain can be stored and the quality at the time of use. Check combine settings between fields for fines and cracked kernels. Fines and cracked kernels spoil much faster than whole, sound kernels. Grain that starts to heat or get moldy has essentially used its storage life. The goal of grain storage management is to reduce the rate at which the life is lost. Always get grain cool quickly and minimize variations both from the dryer and from the field.
Always get wet corn into an aerated storage immediately. Holding wet grain, especially without aeration, shortens shelf life considerably. Fungi grow very fast in corn above 20 percent moisture. Overnight storage of wet corn in a wagon or truck can have a marked effect on future storability. Likewise the practice of holding medium moisture corn (16-20 percent) for future blending or feeding opportunities will cause problems for corn stored (even after drying) into the following summer.
Aeration PracticePhase 1: Fall Cool Down • Lower grain temperatures stepwise • October 40-45 F • November 35-40 F • December 28-35 F
Phase 2: Winter Maintenance • Maintain temperatures with intermittent aeration • January, February 28-35 F
Phase 3: Spring Holding • Keep cold grain cold • Seal fans • Ventilate headspace intermittently
Aeration PracticePhase 1: Fall Cool Down • Lower grain temperatures stepwise • October 40-45 F • November 35-40 F • December 28-35 F
Phase 2: Winter Maintenance • Maintain temperatures with intermittent aeration • January, February 28-35 F
Phase 3: Spring Holding • Keep cold grain cold • Seal fans • Ventilate headspace intermittently
Wet corn should be checked weekly, and monitored for temperature increases. Wet corn should have 0.2 cfm/bu of well-distributed aeration, double the normal rates for dry corn. Problems will start to show up in February and March as temperatures rise. Wet corn should not be held in bunkers, piles, flat storages, sheds or other structures where airflow is not well distributed.
Options when wet corn volume exceeds drying capacity1) Dry to 17-18 percent moisture and cool in the storage bin. Corn will end up at about 16 percent moisture. Good aeration should be able to manage 16 percent corn down to the 14 percent needed for midsummer storage.
2) Dry to 20 percent moisture, cool in bin, hold wet corn for spring but not summer.
3) Dry in two passes – first down to 17-19 percent, then the rest of drying later after the actual harvest is over. This requires more handling and logistics, but could be profitable if the market carry increases to encourage storage. Last summer, 16-19 percent moisture corn was still coming to market, in poor condition. This corn could have been dried, albeit at additional cost and effort.
The less you dry, the more risk you are accepting. But spreading out the drying into spring may be the only choice. Risk will require more constant attention.
Be selective about what corn is placed in storage versus moved at harvest. Deliberately decide which corn and bins are going to be kept into the summer. This should be your best (highest test weight) corn, harvested below 20 percent moisture with careful combine settings to minimize trash and placed in storages with good aeration rates/airflow distributions.
Low test weight corn should not be put in temporary storages or outdoor piles. It is also not wise to mix corn of different crop years in the same storage bin; the mix is less stable than each year's crop stored separately. The 2008 corn was very susceptible to mold and heating in storage; 2009 crop looks to be similar. Holding wetter corn should be done with a plan for drying or other options to halt spoilage if it starts.
Remove the center core and use a grain distributor if possible. Check your grain at least every two weeks, with some way to take grain temperatures. If a slow rise is noted, aerate. If a hot spot starts, make that the next corn to be moved out; one storage problem always leads to another.
Understand your buyers' needs, and match storage and drying practice to intended marketing time. For example, corn presold for July or August delivery should be dried more fully right away.
Other articles in this series2009 Corn Quality Issues - Hurburgh, Elmore2009 Corn Quality Issues - Field Molds - Robertson, Elmore, Hurburgh
Charles Hurburgh is a professor of Agricultural and Biosystems . He can be contacted at (515) 294- or by email at firstname.lastname@example.com. Roger Elmore is a professor of agronomy with research and extension responsibilities in corn production. He can be contacted by email at email@example.com or (515) 294-6655.
By Doug Cooper, Extension Communications
During this week's crop and weather report, ISU Extension climatologist Elwynn Taylor, integrated pest management specialist Rich Pope, and corn agronomist Roger Elmore discuss how the hard freeze coupled with delayed harvest is raising concerns about crop quality.
Taylor comments on the Oct. 9 crop production report released by USDA predicting 188 bushels of corn per acre, which is based on the weight of the ears and ear count per acre. He says the report assumes normal weather from mid September to harvest time, but we haven't had normal weather.
Elmore has received early harvest reports that are very positive, with a few reports of lighter test weights and lower yields. He feels the USDA prediction of 188 bushels per acre sounds very optimistic.
Field agronomists haven't seen much field work over the weekend, according to Pope. They report 35 percent of corn and 5 percent of soybeans harvested, with frequent comments about stalk rots.
This article was published originally on 10/19/2009 The information contained within the article may or may not be up to date depending on when you are accessing the information.
Links to this material are strongly encouraged. This article may be republished without further permission if it is published as written and includes credit to the author, Integrated Crop Management News and Iowa State University Extension. Prior permission from the author is required if this article is republished in any other manner.
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|Matthew Dillon <dillon@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
|Thu, 25 Apr 2013 20:16:52 -0700 (PDT)
There's still one serious issue which is that Intel's initial foray into mobile is 32-bit. We can't really EOL 32-bit as long as Intel and/or AMD are still producing 32-bit-only chips. (Though even in the mobile space I expect things will move rapidly to 64-bit due to competition from ARM). Other then that, 32-bit is dead. Even minimalist machines coming out today can have more than 4G and the larger KVM area on 64-bit is becoming very important for resource management. -Matt


text:
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'Blood & Chrome' Greenlight Means 'Caprica' Could Be Over
Battlestar Galactica universe looks to continue on Syfy using the 'Sanctuary' route
Technology is what might help the Cylons win, but it also is bringing those dastardly robots back bigger and badder than ever.
Syfy has given the thumbs up to "Battlestar Galactica: Blood & Chrome" for a two-hour backdoor pilot movie spearheaded by "Battlestar Galactica" executive producer David Eick, and marking the return of popular BSG writers Bradley Thompson, David Weddle and Michael Taylor to the franchise.
The show was originally designed to be a 10-episode, 10-minute length web series. However, it has since evolved into a television project, which takes place 40 years before "Battlestar Galactica," and features the first Cylon War. It will be shot completely with virtual sets and backdrops, much like "Sanctuary" is now for Syfy. The crew will use scans of the "Battlestar" set made just before the sets were dismantled a couple years ago in Vancouver.
Having more "Battlestar Galactica" is great. However, it may actually be bad news for "Caprica" fans. That show, the first "Battlestar" prequel, has struggled in the ratings from the start. The idea to push forward with "Blood & Chrome" first came to light earlier this year, which some believed was a reaction by Syfy to how non-action sequences found in "Caprica" was just not drawing the audience the network had hoped.
If that is true, then it's likely Syfy may be trying to continue the franchise in a different way -- one that is telling backstory, but at the same time, adding action and special effects again. That means "Caprica" would be on its way out.
There had been tremendous hope that Syfy would allow "Caprica" time to grow and evolve, while looking to bring in new viewers. However, the back half of Season 1 has been frustrating for the network, especially as it loses a large portion of its "Stargate: Universe" lead-in -- a show itself struggling in the ratings.
But not all hope is lost. It is possible for Syfy to maintain both series at the same time, although it may create some viewer confusion in terms of timelines and the such. And both shows will have to make every effort to make sure they don't step on each other, especially in terms of continuity. Those two factors alone support the belief that "Blood & Chrome" will replace "Caprica" on the schedule even more.
Jane Espenson, an executive producer of "Caprica" who was the showrunner for the first 10 episodes, praised the "Blood & Chrome" pickup.
"Syfy picking up [the] BSG prequel 'Blood & Chrome' is a very good thing," Espenson said on her Twitter account. "The parts of the franchise ['Caprica' and 'Blood & Chrome'] bolster each other."
The show will feature Ensign William Adama, a recent academy graduate, who gets assigned to the Galactica. It's not clear if Syfy is looking to bring back Nico Cortez, who played the younger Adama in the "Battlestar Galactica" telemovie "Razor." Cortez has since appeared in NBC's "Chuck" and is set to appear as "Jo's Dad" in the Syfy series "Eureka," so it does seem like he's available.
The greenlight of a pilot doesn't necessarily mean there will be a series. Ratings, of course, will dictate if fans will get to see more of "Blood & Chrome," or if it will just be a short chapter in the overall experience.
"While maintaining the themes of politics, social propaganda, and the timeless question, What does it mean to be human? 'Blood & Chrome' will also return us to the authentic, relentless depiction of combat and the agony and ecstasy of human-Cylon war, which was the hallmark of 'Battlestar Galactica's' early seasons," Eick said in a release.
Ronald D. Moore, the showrunner and developed of the modern "Battlestar Galactica" concept, will not have a direct role in the new series.
Syfy is expected to also make a decision about the fate of "Caprica" in the next two weeks.
About the Author


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African American woman getting a massage
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text:
Congratulations Nicker, that's brilliant, well done.
Didn't mean to call you stupid Rick.
Wow Farmchic, just wow! Your barn is absolutely beautiful. Stunning.
I am alone when I ride, so I have very few photos.
The first was a pretty stupid photo to take as I was in trot and about to pop over that fence.
Its 6-00am Wednesday off to work now crims to see and nutbars to deal with.


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Multiple signatures, electronic check conversion, and similar transactions - An electronic check conversion transaction is a transaction where a check or similar item is converted into an electronic fund transfer as defined in the Electronic Fund Transfers regulation. In these types of transactions the check or similar item is either removed from circulation (truncated) or given back to you. As a result, we have no opportunity to review the check to examine the signatures on the item. You agree that, as to these or any items as to which we have no opportunity to examine the signatures, you waive any requirement of multiple signatures.
Notice of withdrawal - We reserve the right to require not less than 7 days' notice in writing before each withdrawal from an interest-bearing account other than a time deposit, or from any other savings account as defined by Regulation D. (The law requires us to reserve this right, but it is not our general policy to use it.) Withdrawals from a time account prior to maturity or prior to any notice period may be restricted and may be subject to penalty. See your notice of penalty for early withdrawal.
OWNERSHIP OF ACCOUNT AND BENEFICIARY DESIGNATION - These rules apply to this account depending on the form of ownership and beneficiary designation, if any, specified on the account records. We reserve the right to refuse some forms of ownership on any or all of our accounts. We make no representations as to the appropriateness or effect of the ownership and beneficiary designations, except as they determine to whom we pay the account funds.
Individual Account - is an account in the name of one person.
Joint Account - With Survivorship (And Not As Tenants In Common) - is an account in the name of two or more persons. Each of you intend that when you die the balance in the account (subject to any previous pledge to which we have agreed) will belong to the survivor(s). If two or more of you survive, you will own the balance in the account as joint tenants with survivorship and not as tenants in common.
Revocable Trust or Pay-On-Death Account - If two or more of you create this type of account, you own the account jointly with survivorship. Beneficiaries cannot withdraw unless: (1) all persons creating the account die, and (2) the beneficiary is then living. If two or more beneficiaries are named and survive the death of all persons creating the account, beneficiaries will own this account in equal shares, without right of survivorship. The person(s) creating either of these account types may: (1) change beneficiaries, (2) change account types, and (3) withdraw all or part of the account funds at any time.
STOP PAYMENTS - Unless otherwise provided, the rules in this section cover stopping payment of items such as checks and drafts. Rules for stopping payment of other types of transfers of funds, such as consumer electronic fund transfers, may be established by law or our policy. If we have not disclosed these rules to you elsewhere, you may ask us about those rules.
We may accept an order to stop payment on any item from any one of you. You must make any stop-payment order in the manner required by law and we must receive it in time to give us a reasonable opportunity to act on it before our stop-payment cutoff time. Because stop-payment orders are handled by computers, to be effective, your stop-payment order must precisely identify the number, date, and amount of the item, and the payee. You may stop payment on any item drawn on your account whether you sign the item or not. Generally, if your stop-payment order is given to us in writing it is effective for six months. Your order will lapse after that time if you do not renew the order in writing before the end of the six-month period. If the original stop-payment order was verbal your stop-payment order will lapse after 14 calendar days if you do not confirm your order in writing within that time period. We are not obligated to notify you when a stop-payment order expires. A release of the stop-payment request may be made only by the person who initiated the stop-payment order.
If you stop payment on an item and we incur any damages or expenses because of the stop payment, you agree to indemnify us for those damages or expenses, including attorneys' fees. You assign to us all rights against the payee or any other holder of the item. You agree to cooperate with us in any legal actions that we may take against such persons. You should be aware that anyone holding the item may be entitled to enforce payment against you despite the stop-payment order.
Our stop-payment cutoff time is one hour after the opening of the next banking day after the banking day on which we receive the item. Additional limitations on our obligation to stop payment are provided by law (e.g., we paid the item in cash or we certified the item).
TELEPHONE TRANSFERS - A telephone transfer of funds from this account to another account with us, if otherwise arranged for or permitted, may be made by the same persons and under the same conditions generally applicable to withdrawals made in writing. Unless a different limitation is disclosed in writing, we restrict the number of telephone transfers from a savings account to another account or to third parties, to a maximum of six per month (less the number of "preauthorized transfers" during the month). Other account transfer restrictions may be described elsewhere.
TRANSFER LIMITATIONS - For savings and money market accounts you may make up to six transfers or withdrawals by means of a preauthorized, automatic, or telephonic transfer to another account of yours or to a third party or by check, debit card, or similar order to a third party during any calendar month (or statement cycle of at least four weeks). A preauthorized transfer includes any arrangement with us to pay a third party from your account at (i) a predetermined time; (ii) on a fixed schedule or (iii) upon oral or written orders including orders received through the automated clearing house (ACH). If the transfer or withdrawal is initiated in person, by mail, or at an ATM then there is no limit on the number of payments that may be made directly to you, directly to us for amounts you owe us, or transfers to other accounts you have with us. Withdrawals by phone are also unlimited if you are requesting that a check be mailed to you.
AMENDMENTS AND TERMINATION - We may change any term of this agreement. Rules governing changes in interest rates are provided separately in the Truth-in-Savings disclosure or in another document. For other changes, we will give you reasonable notice in writing or by any other method permitted by law. We may also close this account at any time upon reasonable notice to you and tender of the account balance personally or by mail. Items presented for payment after the account is closed may be dishonored. When you close your account, you are responsible for leaving enough money in the account to cover any outstanding items to be paid from the account. Reasonable notice depends on the circumstances, and in some cases such as when we cannot verify your identity or we suspect fraud, it might be reasonable for us to give you notice after the change or account closure becomes effective. For instance, if we suspect fraudulent activity with respect to your account, we might immediately freeze or close your account and then give you notice. You agree to keep us informed of your current address at all times. Notice from us to any one of you is notice to all of you. If we have notified you of a change in any term of your account and you continue to have your account after the effective date of the change, you have agreed to the new term(s).
STATEMENTS - Your duty to report unauthorized signatures, alterations and forgeries - You must examine your statement of account with "reasonable promptness." If you discover (or reasonably should have discovered) any unauthorized signatures or alterations, you must promptly notify us of the relevant facts. As between you and us, if you fail to do either of these duties, you will have to either share the loss with us, or bear the loss entirely yourself (depending on whether we used ordinary care and, if not, whether we substantially contributed to the loss). The loss could be not only with respect to items on the statement but other items with unauthorized signatures or alterations by the same wrongdoer.
You agree that the time you have to examine your statement and report to us will depend on the circumstances, but will not, in any circumstance, exceed a total of 30 days from when the statement is first sent or made available to you.
You further agree that if you fail to report any unauthorized signatures, alterations or forgeries in your account within 60 days of when we first send or make the statement available, you cannot assert a claim against us on any items in that statement, and as between you and us the loss will be entirely yours. This 60-day limitation is without regard to whether we used ordinary care. The limitation in this paragraph is in addition to that contained in the first paragraph of this section.
Your duty to report other errors - In addition to your duty to review your statements for unauthorized signatures, alterations and forgeries, you agree to examine your statement with reasonable promptness for any other error - such as an encoding error. You agree that the time you have to examine your statement and report to us will depend on the circumstances. However, such time period shall not exceed 60 days. Failure to examine your statement and report any such errors to us within 60 days of when we first send or make the statement available precludes you from asserting a claim against us for any such errors on items identified in that statement and as between you and us the loss will be entirely yours.
Errors relating to electronic fund transfers or substitute checks - For information on errors relating to electronic fund transfers (e.g., computer, debit card or ATM transactions) refer to your Electronic Fund Transfers disclosure and the sections on consumer liability and error resolution. For information on errors relating to a substitute check you received, refer to your disclosure entitled Substitute Checks and Your Rights.
ACCOUNT TRANSFER - This account may not be transferred or assigned without our prior written consent.
DIRECT DEPOSITS - If we are required for any reason to reimburse the federal government for all or any portion of a benefit payment that was directly deposited into your account, you authorize us to deduct the amount of our liability to the federal government from the account or from any other account you have with us, without prior notice and at any time, except as prohibited by law. We may also use any other legal remedy to recover the amount of our liability.
TEMPORARY ACCOUNT AGREEMENT - If this option is selected, this is a temporary account agreement. This means that all account owners have not yet signed the signature card, or that some other account opening requirement has not been completed. We may give you a duplicate signature card so that you can obtain all of the necessary signatures and return it to us. Each person who signs to open the account or has authority to make withdrawals (except as indicated to the contrary) may transact business on this account. However, we may at some time in the future restrict or prohibit further use of this account if you fail to comply with the requirements we have imposed within a reasonable time.
SETOFF - We may (without prior notice and when permitted by law) set off the funds in this account against any due and payable debt you owe us now or in the future, by any of you having the right of withdrawal, to the extent of such persons' or legal entity's right to withdraw. If the debt arises from a note, "any due and payable debt" includes the total amount of which we are entitled to demand payment under the terms of the note at the time we set off, including any balance the due date for which we properly accelerate under the note.
This right of setoff does not apply to this account if prohibited by law. For example, the right of setoff does not apply to this account if: (a) it is an Individual Retirement Account or similar tax-deferred account, or (b) the debt is created by a consumer credit transaction under a credit card plan (but this does not affect our rights under any consensual security interest), or (c) the debtor's right of withdrawal only arises in a representative capacity. We will not be liable for the dishonor of any check when the dishonor occurs because we set off a debt against this account. You agree to hold us harmless from any claim arising as a result of our exercise of our right of setoff.
AUTHORIZED SIGNER (Individual Accounts only) - A single individual is the owner. The authorized signer is merely designated to conduct transactions on the owner's behalf. The owner does not give up any rights to act on the account, and the authorized signer may not in any manner affect the rights of the owner or beneficiaries, if any, other than by withdrawing funds from the account. The owner is responsible for any transactions of the authorized signer. We undertake no obligation to monitor transactions to determine that they are on the owner's behalf.
The owner may terminate the authorization at any time, and the authorization is automatically terminated by the death of the owner. However, we may continue to honor the transactions of the authorized signer until: (a) we have received written notice or have actual knowledge of the termination of authority, and (b) we have a reasonable opportunity to act on that notice or knowledge. We may refuse to accept the designation of an authorized signer.
RESTRICTIVE LEGENDS - The automated processing of the large volume of checks we receive prevents us from inspecting or looking for special instructions or "restrictive legends" on every check. Examples of restrictive legends placed on checks are "must be presented within 90 days" or "not valid for more than $1,000.00." For this reason, we are not required to honor any restrictive legend placed on checks you write unless we have agreed in writing to the restriction. We are not responsible for any losses, claims, damages, or expenses that result from your placement of these or other special instructions on your checks.
PAYMENT ORDER OF ITEMS - The order in which items are paid is important if there is not enough money in your account to pay all of the items that are presented. The payment order can affect the number of items overdrawn or returned unpaid and the amount of the fees you may have to pay. To assist you in managing your account, we are providing you with the following information regarding how we process those items.
Our policy is to process phone and online banking transfers first - in real time as they occur for the day on which they are processed. We process ATM and debit card transactions second - in the order in which they are received for the day on which they are processed. We process ACH transactions third - in the order in which they are received for the day on which they are processed. We process bill pay transactions fourth - in the order in which they are received for the day on which they are processed. We process checks and similar items fifth - in the order in which they are received for the day on which they are processed.
If a check, item or transaction (other than an ATM or everyday debit card transaction) is presented without sufficient funds in your account to pay it, we may, at our discretion, pay the item (creating an overdraft) or return the item for insufficient funds (NSF). The amounts of the overdraft and NSF fees are disclosed elsewhere, as are your rights to opt in to overdraft services for ATM and everyday debit card transactions, if applicable. We encourage you to make careful records and practice good account management. This will help you to avoid creating items without sufficient funds and potentially incurring the resulting fees.
CHECK PROCESSING - We process items mechanically by relying solely on the information encoded in magnetic ink along the bottom of the items. This means that we do not individually examine all of your items to determine if the item is properly completed, signed and indorsed or to determine if it contains any information other than what is encoded in magnetic ink. You agree that we have not failed to exercise ordinary care solely because we use our automated system to process items and do not inspect all items processed in such a manner. Using an automated process helps us keep costs down for you and all account holders.
CHECK CASHING - We may charge a fee for anyone that does not have an account with us who is cashing a check, draft or other instrument written on your account. We may also require reasonable identification to cash such a check, draft or other instrument. We can decide what identification is reasonable under the circumstances and such identification may be documentary or physical and may include collecting a thumbprint or fingerprint.
ACH AND WIRE TRANSFERS - This agreement is subject to Article 4A of the Uniform Commercial Code - Fund Transfers as adopted in the state in which you have your account with us. If you originate a fund transfer and you identify by name and number a beneficiary financial institution, an intermediary financial institution or a beneficiary, we and every receiving or beneficiary financial institution may rely on the identifying number to make payment. We may rely on the number even if it identifies a financial institution, person or account other than the one named. You agree to be bound by automated clearing house association rules. These rules provide, among other things, that payments made to you, or originated by you, are provisional until final settlement is made through a Federal Reserve Bank or payment is otherwise made as provided in Article 4A-403(a) of the Uniform Commercial Code. If we do not receive such payment, we are entitled to a refund from you in the amount credited to your account and the party originating such payment will not be considered to have paid the amount so credited. If we receive a payment order to credit an account you have with us by wire or ACH, we are not required to give you any notice of the payment order or credit.
FACSIMILE SIGNATURES - Unless you make advance arrangements with us, we have no obligation to honor facsimile signatures on your checks or other orders. If we do agree to honor items containing facsimile signatures, you authorize us, at any time, to charge you for all checks, drafts, or other orders, for the payment of money, that are drawn on us. You give us this authority regardless of by whom or by what means the facsimile signature(s) may have been affixed so long as they resemble the facsimile signature specimen filed with us, and contain the required number of signatures for this purpose. You must notify us at once if you suspect that your facsimile signature is being or has been misused.
PLEDGES - Each owner of this account may pledge all or any part of the funds in it for any purpose to which we agree. Any pledge of this account must first be satisfied before the rights of any surviving account owner or account beneficiary become effective. For example, if an account has two owners and one of the owners pledges the account (i.e., uses it to secure a debt) and then dies, (1) the surviving owner's rights in this account do not take effect until the debt has been satisfied, and (2) the debt may be satisfied with the funds in this account.


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No. 1 Chattanooga Eliminated by No. 4 Georgia Southern in Day Two of Southern Conference Tournament
Courtesy: GoMocs.com
Release: 05/09/2007
Box Score
Greensboro, N.C. Chattanooga had four hits, led by junior shortstop Tara Tembey's (Folsom, Calif.) sixth triple and seventh home run of the season but was unable pull out the win as Georgia Southern defeated the Lady Mocs 9-4 in the second elimination game of the Southern Conference Tournament.
Freshman shortstop Tia Blosser (Knoxville, Tenn.) hit her first home run of the season in the bottom of the seventh.
Georgia Southern jumped out to a quick 3-0 lead after the team's appearance at the plate in the top of the second. Jenny Side got things started with her lead-off home run over the center field fence before back-to-back doubles by Robyne Siliga and Samantha Russo. Katie Smith picked up an RBI single to score Siliga before Elizabeth Branan scored Russo on her single.
Senior pitcher Ashley Frizzell (Soddy Daisy, Tenn.) relieved freshman pitcher Brooke Loudermilk (Locust Grove, Ga.) in the second inning, facing four batters, allowing only one hit in the inning and recording two strikeouts.
In the bottom of the second, Tembey hit a two-out triple, her sixth for the season, to get the offense going before junior right fielder Ashlan Clarkson (Chickamauga, Ga.) reached on a walk to put runners on the corners. But both were stranded as the inning closed with the Eagles still up 3-0.
The Eagles picked up another pair of runs in the top of the fourth on Maria Laurato's shot to center field, scoring Michelle Beasley, who reached on a lead-off single increasing the margin to 5-0.
Sophomore third baseman Toni Hutchison (Madison, Tenn.) earned a one-out double to left center in the bottom of the second before Tembey hit her shot out over the right field fence to put the Lady Mocs on the board, still down 5-2.
Freshman Brittany Eason (Chattanooga, Tenn.), coming in for freshman catcher Lynleigh Hurndon (McDonough, Ga.), reached on a walk but was left as the inning closed.
Loudermilk was charged with the loss, dropping her record to 22-13 overall. Georgia Southern's Melissa Laliberte improved her record to 10-13, after pitching the complete game.
Chattanooga finished its season with an overall record of 35-31.


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Cairo Transport
The most efficient and reliable public transport in Cairo is the Metro, which has the added advantage of being very cheap. The route connects Helwan in the south of the city to Heliopolis in the north with various branches to Shubra, Ataba and Abdin. There is also a subway line between Giza and Shubra. Trains run from 5:30am to midnight, and the first carriage is reserved for women only.
The streets of Cairo are well supplied with taxis, which may have fare meters but are unlikely to use them. Fares vary and should be negotiated up front and are usually shared. Taxis from hotels tend to cost double that of hailed taxis.
The bus and minibus services operating in the city are considered risky for tourists because of overcrowding and the potential for pick pocketing. Buses also require at least a working knowledge of Arabic to navigate.
Walking is a fairly good option for taking in the atmosphere of Cairo, but be warned, streets are not marked and maps are not much help, so it is easy to lose direction. Driving in Cairo is not for the faint-hearted as few road rules are adhered to, traffic is heavy at all times, and streets are poorly signposted.
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