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News Section: Local Government
Manatee School Board Agenda Results: July 22, 2014 (Updated 7/23, 8:15 a.m.)
BRADENTON – At Tuesday's meeting, the Manatee School Board voted in approval of giving former Assistant Superintendent Robert Gagnon $116,000 in back pay. In other business, the board also passed approval of a grant from the U.S. Department of Education for its School Climate Transformation Grant (funding for student mental health services) in the Amount of $2,751,877.99, and passed a renewal contract for internal auditing services by Shinn & Co. not to exceed $314,125. Also at the meeting, Deputy Superintendent of Operations Don Hall advised the board that a fund balance of $12-12.5 million is projected for next school year.
CALL TO ORDER (5:45 p.m.)
1. Call to Order
2. Invocation
3. Pledge of Allegiance
4. Approval of the Orders of the DayAttachment: Revised Coca Cola Second Amendment.pdf
Attachment: Board Material - 07-22-14 Revised.pdf
Attachment: Addendum 07-22-14.pdf
Attachment: Neola.pdf
Attachment: W070814.pdf
Attachment: Contract for Services - CDW Government LLC.pdf
Attachment: Statement of Work - Creation of Deployment System of Lenovo Twists.pdf
Attachment: Statement of Work - Imaging and Asset Tracking of Lenovo Twists.pdf
Attachment: R062414.pdf
AGENDA AMENDMENTS (Info Only) (5:48 p.m.)
5. Agenda Amendments
CHAIR OPENING REMARKS (5:50 p.m.)
6. Opening Remarks by Julie B. Aranibar
Board Chair Julie Aranibar thanked district staff "for your support in some of the most turbulent times this district has faced." Also mentioned the board's July 24 special meeting to vote on approval to advertise for the 2014-15 tentative budget, as well as the joint county meeting scheduled for August 13.
SUPERINTENDENT OPENING REMARKS (5:55 p.m.)
7. Opening Remarks by Rick W. Mills
In his remarks, Superintendent Mills thanked students, parents, teachers, and administrative and support staff for what he called a banner year for the district, then went over several recent accomplishments made by schools in the district, including its rise to number 37 from number 40 in county district rankings for student performance in the last school year.
REPORTS AND PRESENTATIONS (6:00 p.m.)
8. Keiser University Presentation to School District of Manatee County
9. Legal Department Update
10. Internal Audit Update
11. Instructional Services Update
12. Operations Update
PUBLIC COMMENTS (6:45 p.m.)
13. Public Comments
Walter Miller, representing former board attorney John Bowen, called on the board to apologize to Mr. Bowen "for publically accusing him of violating client confidentiality." (The comments stem from a letter to Mr. Bowen sent by current board attorney James Dye on behalf of the school board. Miller concluded his remarks by saying, "My feeling is that if this is not responded to … there will be more chaos." He later commented that the board "possibly owes an apology" to employees that were recently let go by the board for being escorted out of the administrative building.Speaking after former assistant superintendent Robert Gagnon's recent acquittal and the subsequent dropping of an administrative complaint filed by Superintendent Mills, Mr. Gagnon's attorney Richard Reinhardt said that district investigator Troy Pumphrey's report on his internal investigation into the matter of what Gagnon knew about Rod Frazier's inappropriate behavior towards female students is "not valid." Reinhardt also said that the board had "no reason" to suspend Gagnon without pay.
Citizen Linda Neely commented on item 34 of the consent agenda, which was for accepting the U.S. DoE's School Climate Transformation Grant (funding for student mental health services). Neely expressed concern that the services stated in the grant would violate students' right of privacy, and that the board "have a serious discussion (about the item) and vote no." (A motion was made later to sever the item from the consent agenda for discussion. After receiving a presentation during its discussion, the board voted to pass the item.)
PUBLIC HEARING (7:00 p.m.)
14. Public Hearing for Consideration of Adopting an Amendment to Policy 5.1, Code of Student Conduct (Passed 4-1, with Dave Miner dissenting)Attachment: Policy 5.1, Code of Student Conduct Revised.pdf
APPROVAL OF MINUTES (7:05 p.m.)
15. Approval of Minutes Miner made a motion to table approval of minutes until the next school board meeting, which was seconded by Bob Gause. after a recess. Board Attorney James Dye advised he looked into statutes regarding minutes, and said he had found that board is obligated to vote on approval of minutes one board meeting after the meeting that said minutes originated from. Gause made a motion to allow minutes to be reconsidered for approval at next meeting. (Motion to allow reconsideration at next board meeting passed unanimously). Gause them made a second motion to approve minutes with provision that should board members find an issue with minutes, they will notify staff at least 7 days prior to meeting. (Motion passed unanimously)
Attachment: W070814.pdf
Attachment: R062414.pdf
CONSENT ITEMS (7:08 p.m.)
Approval of Consent Agenda
16. Approval of Consent Agenda for July 22, 2014 - (Items #17-52) (Passed unanimously, after items 47, 49 and 52 were severed)
Purchase(s) Bids $100,000.00 and Under
17. Approval of Renewal (1) on HVAC Filter Replacement, MCSD No. 14-0012-MR, Not to Exceed $100,000.0018. Approval to Purchase Hobart-Food Service Equipment, Repair Parts and Services, MCSD No. 15-0013-MR, Not to Exceed $60,000.0019. Approval of Renewal (2) on Paint and Paint Supplies, MCSD No. 13-0011-MR, Not to Exceed $75,000.0020. Approval of Renewal (2) on Food Service Equipment Repair Services, MCSD No. 13-0005-MR, Not to Exceed $80,000.00Attachment: 130005tr2.pdf21. Approval of the Purchase of Imaging Services, MCSD No. 15-0023-SM, Not to Exceed $90,000.00Attachment: Contract for Services - CDW Government LLC.pdf
Attachment: Statement of Work - Creation of Deployment System of Lenovo Twists.pdf
Attachment: Statement of Work - Imaging and Asset Tracking of Lenovo Twists.pdf22. Approval to Purchase Annual Maintenance and License Agreement Renewal for Blackboard Connect, MCSD No. 15-0022-SM, Not to Exceed $66,417.00
Purchase(s) Bids Over $100,000.00
23. Approval to Purchase JD Edwards Annual Software Maintenance and License Renewal, MCSD No. 15-0020-SM, Not to Exceed $222,220.9724. Approval of Renewal (2) for Fresh Delivered Pizza, MCSD No. 13-0014-SM, Not to Exceed $675,000.00Attachment: 130014tr2.pdf
Contracts and Grants
25. Approval to Apply, Accept, and Expend the New Collision Repair Education Foundation Grant up to $50,000.00 for the 2014-2015 School YearAttachment: Collision Repair $50,000.00.pdf26. Approval to Apply, Accept, and Expend the Renewed Perkins Postsecondary Grant for the 2014-2015 School Year for $206,230.00Attachment: Perkins Post-Secondary.pdf27. Approval of the New Agreement Between the School Board of Manatee County and a New Provider for Clinical Experience for Manatee Technical Institute (MTI) Optometric Assisting Students for the 2014-2017 School Years28. Approval of the New Agreement Between the School Board of Manatee County and a New Provider for Clinical Experience for Manatee Technical Institute (MTI) Medical Assisting Students for the 2014-2017 School Years29. Approval to Renew the Agreements Between the School Board of Manatee County and Various Providers/Limited Partnerships for On-The-Job Training for Exceptional Student Education Students for the School Years 2014-201730. Approval to Renew the Agreements Between the School Board of Manatee County and Multiple Limited Partnerships for On-The Job Training for Exceptional Student Education Students for the School Years 2014-2017Attachment: Contract-Manatee Memorial Hospital.pdf
Attachment: Lakewood Ranch Medical Center.pdf31. Approval of the Renewal Agreements Between the School Board of Manatee County and Various Providers for Clinical Experience for Manatee Technical Institute (MTI) Dental Assisting Students for the 2014-2017 School Years32. Approval of the Renewal Agreements Between the School Board of Manatee County and Various Providers for Clinical Experience for Manatee Technical Institute (MTI) Dental Assisting Students for the 2014-2017 School Years33. Approval of the Addendum to the Memorandum of Understanding with Sarasota County School Board for Manatee Technical Institute to Carry Out the Requirements of the Adults With Disabilities Grant for the 2014-2015 Project YearAttachment: Addendum to AWD Memorandum.pdf
Attachment: AWD Memorandum of Understanding.pdf34. Approval to Apply, Accept and Expend the U.S. Department of Education School Climate Transformation Grant in the Amount of $2,751,877.99, Effective October 2014 - September 201935. Approval to Renew the State of Florida Voluntary Prekindergarten Education Program Provider Agreement Between the School Board of Manatee County and the Early Learning Coalition of Manatee County for 2014-2015 School YearAttachment: ELC - VPK Contract 2014-2015.pdf36. Approval to Renew the State of Florida School Readiness Services Provider Contract Between the School Board of Manatee County and the Early Learning Coalition of Manatee County for the 2014-2015 School YearAttachment: Early Learnng Coalition of Manatee County.pdf37. Approval to Renew the Charter School Contract Between Imagine-Manatee County LLC. d/b/a Imagine Charter School at North Manatee and the School Board of Manatee County for a Period of Three Years for the 2014-2017 School Years38. Approval of the Contract Between the School Board of Manatee County and NCS Pearson, Inc. for the 2014-2015 School Year, Not to Exceed $60,000.0039. Approval to Apply, Accept and Expend Funds for the Title II Part A: Principal and Teacher Training Grant in the Amount of $2,195,171.00 for the Grant Period of July 1, 2014 through June 30, 2015Attachment: TITLE II GRANT FINAL.pdf40. Approval to Increase the Contract with Truenorthlogic Talent Management Platform in the amount of $15,654.00Attachment: Manatee FL Contract Exhibits Executed Signed 052014.pdf
Attachment: TNL SCR-1 3 Rubrics-Off line Observation. Manatee Co Final - Change Order.pdf41. Approval of Contract Extension for Coca Cola Beverage Agreement, MCSD No. 15-0019-SM, No Financial ImpactAttachment: Manatee school signed second amend.pdf
Attachment: Revised Coca Cola Second Amendment.pdf42. Approval of Revision of Agreement for Services between the School Board of Manatee County eTech School and Florida Virtual School, MCSD No. 14-0056-SM, Not to Exceed $79,472.7543. Approval of the Contract Between the School Board of Manatee County and the School Board of Seminole County on behalf of the East Coast Technical Assistance Center (ECTAC) for the 2014 – 2015 School Year, Not to Exceed $12,000.00Attachment: ECTAC Contract 2015.pdf
Attachment: ECTAC 2015 Fee Schedule.pdf
Attachment: ECTAC - Manatee INVOICE 2015.pdf
44. Approval of the Modification of the Letter of Engagement for Financial External Auditing Services, MCSD 14-0041-MR, No Financial ImpactAttachment: Letter of Engagement - Revised.pdf45. Approval of the Food Service Change Funds for 2014-2015Attachment: Change Fund List 14-15.pdf46. Approval of the District Petty Cash for 2014-201547. Approval to Advertise the 2014/15 Tentative Annual Budget (At the beginning of the meeting, Board Chair Julie Aranibar made a motion to withdraw item 47, which she advised was intended for the July 24 special board meeting only. Passed unanimously.)
Food Service
48. Approval to Contract with Various Sites to Provide Meals for StudentsAttachment: Food Service Charter School Contracts, 07-22-14.pdf
Human Resources
49. Approval of the Appointments, Change of Assignments, Deceased, Promotions, Reappointments, Reassignments, Resignations, Retirements, Terminations and Transfers (Passed unanimously after being severed from consent agenda - Miner recused himself from voting on appointment of Schrier)Attachment: Board Material - 07-14-14rev.pdf
Attachment: Board Material - 07-22-14 Revised.pdf
Attachment: Addendum 07-22-14.pdf50. Approval of New Job Description and Position for Director of Office of Professional Standards, Safety and SecurityAttachment: Director, OPS & SS new job description.pdf51. Approval of New Position and Job Description for School CoordinatorAttachment: School Coordinator.pdf52. Approval of Providing Back Pay and Benefits for Robert Gagnon in an Amount Not to Exceed $116,333.45 (Passed unanimously after being severed to allow for discussion)
53. Leaves for July 22, 2014 Board MeetingAttachment: Leaves for 7-22-14.pdf
54. Correction of Funding Sources for Lenovo Computer Purchase MCSD No. 15-0018-SM
NEW BUSINESS (Discussion Items Pulled from Consent)
NEW BUSINESS (Non-Consent Items) (7:10 p.m.)
55. Approval of Budget Amendments for May 2014 (Passed unanimously)Attachment: May 2014 Budget Amendments.pdf
56. Acceptance of the Year to Date Financial Statements through May 2014 (Passed unanimously)Attachment: May 2014.pdf
57. Approval of Advertising a Notice of Proposed New Policy 7.9.1, Electronic Funds Transfers, and Setting a Public Hearing on the Proposed New Policy at the Board Meeting Scheduled for August 26, 2014 (Passed unanimously)Attachment: Electronic Funds Transfer draft.pdf
58. Approval of Advertising a Notice of Intent to Amend Policy 4.9, Student Progression, and setting a Public Hearing on Proposed Amendment at the Board Meeting Scheduled for August 26, 2014 (Passed unanimously)
59. Approval to Purchase School Board Policies and Procedures Manual – Development and Updating Services Contract, MCSD No. 15-0021-BS, Not to Exceed $70,767.70Attachment: Neola.pdf (Passed 4-1, with Miner dissenting)
60. Approval for Professional Services with Shinn and Company to Provide Internal Audit Services for Fiscal Year 2014-15, Not to Exceed $314,125.00 (Passed 4-1, with Gause dissenting)Attachment: 2014-15 Internal Audit Engagement Ltr - 070914.pdfAudit Committee Chair Steve Blitzko gave a presentation explaining why the committee recommended said conract with Shinn & Co. After Gause asked Superintendent Mills if his staff had reviewed cost of contracts that similar-sized districts had with internal audit service firms, Mills said, "We did review; most of the like-sized districts don't have a comparable cost. It's also difficult to compare because of the challenges (the district has recently encountered).Gause expressed concern about financial cost of contract, and suggested that district could use some of the money contained in contract for departments such as finance, healthcare, and students). Vice Chair Karen Carpenter said she was concerned that the district was "not yet out of the woods" financially, and that the district "needs a very strong audit function to make sure this district functions with integrity." Said she hoped in a few years the board could roll back the financial amount of such a contract considerably so that the district could spend money elsewhere, but that she felt very strong auditing needed to continue currently. Barbara Harvey concurred with Carpenter.
61. Approval of Request to Declare Surplus and Donate Computers to Community Outreach Church (Passed unanimously)Attachment: Request Letter Community Outreach.pdf
Attachment: Asset List Computers for Donation - Community Outreach Church.pdf
62. Approval of Request to Declare Surplus and Sell Portables 254 & 267 to Strength In Action, Inc./Mt. Carmel Community Resource Center (Passed unanimously)Attachment: Request Letter Port Strength In Action, Inc. Mt. Carmel Community Resource Center.pdf
Attachment: Strength In Action, Inc. Mt. Carmel Community Resource Center.pdf
Attachment: Purchase & Sale Agreement Portables to Mt Carmel Strength In Action signed.pdf
63. Approval of Request to Declare Surplus and Donate Computers to Educational Consultants Consortium, Inc. (Passed unanimously)Attachment: Request Letter ECC.pdf
Attachment: Asset List Computers Donated to ECC.pdf
64. Approval to Grant Permission for the Formula 1 (F1) Team, SLIPSTREAM, to Attend the F1 in Schools World Finals in Abu Dhabi. (Passed unanimously)Attachment: F1- Staff Coordination Form.pdf
Attachment: F1 Required Forms.pdf
SCHOOL BOARD WORKSHOP ITEMS (8:00 p.m.)
65. School Board Workshop Items
BOARD COMMENTS (8:10 p.m.)
66. Board Comments
Harvey – No comments.Gause – To parents: we're closing in on the start of school … there's a lot of things you can do to help make sure your child is (academically prepared). We know by the data that children to some degree regress over the summer, and that teachers spend a fair amount of time trying to (reverse that regression).Miner - "In regards to school resource officers - we've chosen not to have them in our elementary schools because it's a lot of money." Mentioned that the city of Holmes Beach has said they would fund the program for the city's elementary schools, and thanked them for doing so.
Aranibar - Said that in regards to the cost of the resource officers program, the district found out after implementing the program that the officers sent to its schools were senior officers, not junior officers, which costed the district substantially more money than it would have if junior officers had been sent; and that the Sheriff said he was not able to do anything about the matter.
Carpenter - Advised that Saturday morning, August 9 is the Kiwanis Club's fourth annual charity day for the homeless children of Manatee, where kids get backpacks, haircuts, scheduled exams, school supplies, etc. "This is a great opportunity for the community to participate. We need volunteers; we also need supplies."
ADJOURNMENT (8:35 p.m.)
Adjournment of Meeting
67. Adjournment
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text: The Atlanta Hawks lost to the New York Knicks 106-104 on the road. This was the first of three meetings between these two teams this regular season. This was also the second of three-straight meetings with Atlantic Division opponents for the Hawks. With the loss, the Hawks dropped to 25-19 on the season and 0-1 in the regular season series with the Knicks. They also saw their three-game winning streak snapped. The starters for the Hawks were Jeff Teague and Devin Harris in the backcourt, Kyle Korver and Josh Smith at the two forward spots, and Al Horford at center. Anthony Morrow (sore lower back) and Louis Williams (torn ACL, right knee) did not dress. Johan Petro, Mike Scott, and Anthony Tolliver received DNP-CDs. The leading scorer for the Hawks was Jeff Teague, with 27 points (including 18 in the first half). He also dished out six assists and grabbed five boards. Josh Smith added 20 points. Al Horford contributed 16 points and six rebounds. DeShawn Stevenson scored 15 points off the bench. Kyle Korver had 13 points and seven boards. The leading scorer for the Knicks was Carmelo Anthony, with a game-high 42 points. In the first quarter, the Knicks went on a 16-0 run that spanned into the second quarter. They led the Hawks 27-25 after one. In the second quarter, the Knicks continued on that run, but the Hawks responded with a 9-2 run of their own. The teams went to the break knotted at 52. In the third quarter, Carmelo erupted for five three-pointers, and the Knicks took an 82-74 lead heading into the final frame. In the fourth quarter, the Hawks got back into the game, and they led the Knicks 104-103 with 1:34 remaining in regulation. The teams didn't score again until 12.5 seconds were left on the game clock, and Carmelo drove past Josh Smith for the and-one. He converted on the free-throw, and on the next possession, a Jeff Teague drive-and-kick to Josh Smith resulted in a missed three-pointer by Josh. Al Horford grabbed the offensive rebound, but time expired before he could launch up a prayer, and the Hawks lost by two. I think the key reason that the Hawks was that they turned the ball over 19 times, while only forcing 14 turnovers. A key to this game was forcing turnovers and running, to tire out the Knicks, who are the oldest team in league history. The Hawks did outscore the Knicks in fastbreak points, but a lot of times they still settled with setting up in a halfcourt set. Overall, they played a pretty good game. It is hard to beat a team when one of their players shoots like Carmelo did. The Hawks became the first team this year to shoot over 60% from the field in a game and lose. They outrebounded the Knicks, and they outscored them in points in the paint. Even the free throws were falling for the Hawks in this one. It came down to the final seconds, and the Hawks just fell a little bit short.


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Everything about MBA entrance exams…# 3
Hello All,
How are you?
First of all I thank you all, for a great response to the last article. And special thanks to Bhuvanesh, Garima and Vipul for contributing towards helping MBA aspirants and my articles. And very special thanks to Mr.Ajay for morale boosting of all of us and his best wishes.
I am not happy, at all, from all the guys who have read the article, for I have asked in the last few lines of the article #2, to let me know how you feel after following the schedule for at least 5-7 days. NONE has so far posted any feedback on that. Shall I assume that all you guys are only interested in reading what to do and how to do and not at all interested in actually doing it. If that is true than guys all my efforts will become just the GYAN, JUST THE GYAN, and I will not be interested in writing any more in that case. Guys, as I mentioned in my post #1 that it is you, who extracts everything out of me, and not me who gives you anything/everything, you will have to start extracting before it's too late. See, as a manager also, u have to utilize the resources which are available. Resources won't come to you always, and tell u this is how u can utilize us (resources). Isn't that true? If yes, then I suggest that you all start acting like managers and not as CLERKS.
Anyways, as I mentioned in the last article, I am devoting this article to Maths section of CAT.
My first question to you all is: are managers supposed to be good at Maths? Personally, I doubt. Look into the roles of Finance, Marketing, HR, IT/Systems, and Production etc managers. What has an HR manager to do of Maths except calculating salary increases? What has a marketing manager to do with Maths except analyzing the data to find out what kind of growth opportunity exists in the market? What has a Finance manager to do with Maths except thinking of ROR, ROI, WACC, and P & L.? If those are the only things required for various managers, why the hell you should study No. System, Time-work, Time-Distance, Perm-Comb, Prob, ratios, Geometry etc etc. What has geometry to do with any function of Management?
Let's understand 1 thing simple. IIT-JEE asks for P, C, M, why, because these are the subjects which have to do something with every branch of engineering and U will study these subjects in the 1st year as well. CPMT asks P, C, Biology (Botany, Zoology), why, because these are the subject which have to do something with every branch of medicine and U will study these subjects in the 1st year of MBBS, as well. And same is true for all the entrance exams; you talk of CA foundation, Bank PO, Bank Clerical or whatever. Basically, whatever is going to be of some use to you in your future jobs is what is asked in the entrance exams. Right??
So, now the question is what's going to be of some use as a manager to you? Is it going to be English? I am sure all of you will say, YES, for the simple reason that today business is not restricted to a particular geography or region, it's rather cross borders and so a common language is required. Fair enough explanation of English being a part of Managerial aptitude. What else is required to be a good manager? THINK. THINK. My answer to that is COMMON SENSE, which is what is the most un-common thing these days. 'Thanda matlab coca cola' a simple theme developed by Coke to market their product in India. Do they use it in any other country? No. They understood one simple thing that Indians still calls a cold drink, THANDA. And they exploited this word. Isn't it common sense? For that matter Pepsi could have been the first to think of it. Where will I invest the 500 crore profit I had in last year? Will I buy stocks, Will I put up a new plant, will I issue dividends, will I let them be idle in banks, will I buy competition (M&A) etc etc. Answer to this is, where ever I think is higher ROR for me, I will put my money there. No doubt, later I can turn out to be wrong sometimes. But then that was my perception/calculation of returns in what I invested my money. Isn't it common sense? All the financial tools are secondary unless and until we have this basic understanding. Once we have this basic level of understanding then things like Black-Sholes model, Product Life cycle, what motivates People except money will come into picture?
So let's go back. Should CAT be asking Maths? Answer is a plain NO. And dear friends, I after writing 13 consecutive CATs am telling you a fact that CAT DOES NOT ASKS MATHS at all. WHAT IT ASKS IS PLAIN COMMON SENSE.
Here are some examples.
Q: In rectangle ABCD, Point E and F trisects the base DC. What is ratio of Area (tri AEF) to that of rectangle? CAT 2001(if I can recall well)
Ans: How most of you will do it is: Area AEF/ Area ABCD = ½ x EF x AD / AD x DC = ½ x DC/3 x AD / AD x DC = 1/6, which is the right answer.
Now as per me that's not Manager-Sense or common sense. How I will approach is: Diagonal AC divides rectangle into 2 equal halves. DE=EF=FC, the 3 triangles ADE, AEF and AFC have to be equal. Therefore, Triangle AEF is 1/3rd of Triangle ADC, which is half of the rectangle. So 1/3rd of half = 1/6th.
See, I have taken more words to explain, but when I am doing it in exam, I will just draw 2 lines, AE and AF and immediately mark the answer. 3 seconds job. What do u say? MANAGER's job is to visualize. Isn't it?
Q: In rectangle ABCD, Point E divides DC in the ratio 1:3. If area of triangle ADE is 7 sq cm, find the area of rectangle? CAT2000 (if I can recall well).
a) 28 sq cm b) 42 sq cm c) 56 sq cm d) None
Ans: How most of you will approach is: Area ADE = 7. So ½ x AD x DE = 7. So AD x DE = 14. So AD x DC/3 = 14. So AD x DC = 42. And that's wrong.
Those of you who are cautious will not write DE = DC/3, which DE is not, rather DE = DC/4. Using that you will get the right answer which is 56 sq cm.
Anyways, this above is a Maths teacher's approach, and not mine. My approach will be: Triangle ADE is 1/4th of Triangle ADC. So Triangle ADC = 28 and so Rectangle = 56 sq cm. And I will take 4 seconds to do it in exam.
Guys, this is how you will do, after doing the 1st question. In CAT, how actually I did was: A line drawn from E parallel to AD, say touches AB at M. Now Triangle AEM is also 7, so rectangle ADEM is 14, Which stands on 1 unit base(DE), so on 3 unit base(EC) area will be 42, so total area is 56 sq cm. Howz that??
Now, I can keep solving questions here in the same fashion. I can solve almost all the questions of every CAT in the same fashion. Guys, you may believe it or not, I take 15 odd minutes to exhaust the Maths section, typically doing things as explained above.
Now, the more important point. How am I able to do things this way? There are things which by chance, I have been doing since early childhood. I hope all of you remember some problems like A & B went to a book shop, each purchased a book worth Rs 25…………………..Where has 1 Rs.gone? Hope you are able to recollect the old problem. Typically, we after a small effort use to leave that after trying for a while. My problem was, I use to try such problems till I use to find the answer. So what's the lesson for you? Managers are supposed to keep trying till they have the solution? Right? No, not exactly, that's how u develops eyesight for what is missing. Once developed, that eye sight pays in long run.
Second, I solved Shakuntala Devi book, when I think, I was in 8th standard. And not like most of my students. I didn't use to refer to solutions ever, except for the answers. Unless I had tried a question 7-10 times, I didn't use to refer to solution. Matter of chance, I was able to solve almost 95% of the questions in those many attempts. Typically what happens with my students is, after 1 try or maximum 2, they will rush to see the answers and here u have KILLED an opportunity for ur brain to develop. What can any teacher do now?
Third, even till date, when I am not able to solve a question, I will keep thinking of it, especially while I am driving. And will you believe that formulas like 'Product of all factors of N=a^m x b^n x c^p………..' I have derived while driving. Hey guys, I am not suggesting that you think while driving, but then what about the time you spend in Metro or Bus, what about the time when you are waiting for ur turn a doctor's clinic, what about the time you are waiting for a bus etc.
Fourth, I use to share the best tricks I have made with my friends. We use to debate and ended up many times in fighting and spoiling our moods. But then end of the day, we ended up making lot of shortcuts. I remember many till date, how a particular short cut was derived by us, who ended throwing full cup of tea over whom while discussing (arguing actually)? This on 1 hand helped us gaining knowledge through sharing, on other hand the tricks were memorized because of the incident.
Fifth, I use to carry a diary, full of formulae I have read in a particular class, till that date. And I use to take it out of my pocket whenever I was in bus or at doctor's place etc.(I missed my turn at doc's place many times, hope you won't). This habit made me derive many formulae on my own, of which I have never ever read the proofs or derivation. Imagine if u have derived a formula yourself, can u ever forget it and the concept behind it.
Sixth, since class 9th, I have habit of writing every single penny I have spent. What I use to do was, in morning while getting out of home, I use to count the money I am carrying. And when I was back home, I use to count it again. The difference, u know, is what I have spent. I use to think where have I spent, and I use to think till I can figure out every Rs.1 spent. This made my BODMAS solid, and I bet even today you can't beat me in calculation, calculator allowed for you, not for me. Understand this guys, CAT won't make you multiply 3456672 with 21344289. But then u will come across 34 x 47 type of simple calculation quite often. If you know that the answer is a little more then 1200, about 1600, that usually serves the purpose. Difficult na. No, not really, see 30 x 40 is 1200. So answer is more then 1200. Further 4 and 40 is 160 and 30 x 7 is 210. So the answer is 1200+160+210=1570. I hope that suffice to all. To those it does not, they can add 4 x 7 = 28 to 1570 to get 1598. Guys, you may not believe, when I was typing, I asked my friend who was sitting on the next table, to give me 2, two digit numbers. He gave me 34 and 47 and I immediately replied that their product is 1598. He said I am kidding and he checked and was amazed to see that it is correct. So the lesson is, when you like numbers you can be fast @ speed of light. Ok ok, speed of sound. Is that enough for CAT? I believe yes.
Lastly, I can keep giving you such tips to no end. As of now I am stopping for Ansh will say, sir no more space on mbatutes for your future articles. Lolzz… Anyways, don't start following these tips. And say it's too much. And be where you are. We all, including me, avoid working by saying it's too much, just that if we start somewhere, slowly and slowly, with time, we end up doing so much that in the end we wonder if it were we only who has done so much. I, in my research (which is going on) these days, counted the pages which I have studied (of various case studies) in past 10 months and was amazed to find out that I have studied more than 12000 pages. I am wondering that it cannot be me who has read all these cases. But then I can't deny my hand writing on all these papers.
Will wait for your comments, not on the article but on your progress.
Will also look forward to the suggestions on what next you expect from me.
I am planning of lecturing now, starting next article….so what's the topic you all want….Vedic maths, number system or what else…
All d Best. VM
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31 Responses to "Everything about MBA entrance exams…# 3"
Really the article of VM was really helpful and providing a boost of confidence for the students preparing for mba and other exams..sir,the thought u gave while writing this article that one should try to develop formulas while waiting 4 bus and so on seems ridiculous bcoz even i like to such type of stuff bcoz i find it interesting and sir from your side,i would like to get more help on vedic maths,geometry and permutations n combination…last one sometimes confuses to the great extent…
It may seem ridiculous to u now but not after doing it for sometime. For help on Vedic Maths and other topics u said, u will have to come to the centre.
good job sir though u have shared all of this with us but still sharing all this on this platform where not just us anyone can come n learn from your experiences z a gr8 help n m sure everyone will agree to me on this n m sure this time NS z not going to scare the hell out of me!!
where do u teach????
Zion Education Delhi and Ghaziabad
Hello sir, I loved your tips and your advice. Can you please post some videos on Remainder Theorem and if possible, geometry as well?
hello sir,
thanks for the valuable advice.
sir please will suggest best book for cat quantitative section,as i m a average student in maths.
Hello Prerna. I suggest U buy study material of Zion Education. Thats the best study material.
You are a very intelligent man.
Thanks a lot Lim for praising. May god give u all the success u r looking for
your each word helps me and all those students who really want to crack cat.sir,thanks a lot for a real guideline.


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By Tabo
Aug 31, 2009
Peterskill is really a great place for beginners.
It can be a great place for learning to lead... but beware! I've had a few ropes come whizzing past while on lead, one in a rope bag almost took me out. Most people are there to toprope, and if they don't see an anchor at the top, they don't expect anyone to be leading from below.
So take care leading at PK.
Other info:
PK has bathrooms, with running water, so it can be more kid/beginner friendly.
The parking lot closes at dusk. Once they close the gate, you won't be able to get your car out of the lot.
By Pat Langendorfer
From: Brooklyn, NY
Mar 19, 2011
I was up there in September 2010, and didn't see any snakes, BUT it isn't just the copperheads you need to look out for. There are definitely rattlesnakes too. thankfully most of the nesting areas have been marked off by park staff, but beware when plugging gear for top anchors around the Khadejha Area. Don't end up in the hospital!
By IJMayer
From: Bozeman, MT
Mar 25, 2011
|Would any administrator mind if I started adding stuff about the boulders? The bouldering at Peter's Kill is awesome and the main reason I go there (besides a few really awesome climbs).
By Anthony Baraff
From: Paris, France
Mar 29, 2011
Would any administrator mind if I started adding stuff about the boulders? The bouldering at Peter's Kill is awesome and the main reason I go there (besides a few really awesome climbs).
There's lots of good bouldering there. Get the ball rolling.
By JSH
Mar 30, 2011
By all means, please do! I think adding it as an Area under the main Gunks page is the thing to do - same as the Trapps Bouldering section, and it'll need its own Area page, like this one:
I'll leave it up to you as to whether lumping all P-kill bouldering in one page, or making separate subareas for each boulder/area, is best.
By Tommy Ormond
From: Eldorado Springs, CO
Jul 18, 2012
Why are so many comments about copperheads at Peterskill here on Mountain Project?
I lived on Trapps road and at Split Rock for a few years, worked as a Preserve Ranger and a Minnewaska State Park Ranger, spend years of my life at the Peterskill doing everything from climbing to dirtbiking out there. There are plenty of snakes, copperheads and rattlers all over. My friends dog got into a copperhead once, it was bad. Beware all over the Gunks for those little dudes.
By Tommy Ormond
From: Eldorado Springs, CO
Jul 23, 2012
By DavidTighe
May 15, 2014
Does anybody know the current state of anchor bolts in this area? I'm trying to figure out what I need to bring for top roping (assuming I can't build a gear anchor). I have 100ft of static line and 50/30/15 of webbing.
The description here says there are very few anchor bolts but I heard many anchors have been bolted since this was written.
By JSH
May 15, 2014
|Hi David, there have been several bolt anchors place since (I've updated the main Peterskill page just now with some route names). Individual route descriptions do tend to have more details in them, so browse around.
By Doug C
Jun 23, 2014
|I've never been to Peterskill but heard great things. 2 questions: Does this place fill up early on weekends? I want to take my kids (8 and 10) climbing here and need some easy routes to get their confidence up after last time I took them. Any spots you highly suggest at Peterskill?
By JSH
Jun 23, 2014
|Hi Doug, as it says above - it does tend to fill up early, probably by 9 or so. Breakfast wall might do well for your kids, lots of easier routes (gear anchors, tho).
By Doug C
Jun 23, 2014
|Thanks - if I am looking to tie onto bolts, trees (not the endangered kind), or rocks and still need a fairly easy route are there some places on the Breakfast wall?
By MojoMonkey
Jun 25, 2014
I can't seem to find the info anywhere, but I thought they opened at 9AM? It seems you are implying they open earlier if they tend to be full by 9AM. All I can find is that Minnewaska opens at 9AM. Can't find if $10 is still the day fee either.
Update: Someone answered the phone today and confirmed they open at 9AM and it is $10 per climber.
By andylei
Apr 28, 2015
|I called them and asked if one could get into the park before 9am. She answered, "not legally".
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McCleary has one year remaining on his deal at the Madejski Stadium, having arrived at the club from Nottingham Forest in 2012.
No decision will be taken on his future until Reading's takeover is sorted but the 27-year-old is understood to be on the radar of several clubs after an impressive 2013/14 campaign.
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Bryan Adams' Hit-Heavy Fox Show
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By Jason Robinson
Fleetwood Mac Back with Classic Lineup
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Here's Who's Making STL Noisy This Spring
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There's pretty good back-and-forth. I take as much information as I can from them — non-musical sort of terms. Any adjectives that describe it: happy, sad, very basic stuff. What they are trying to get across is pretty clear, but they'll put it down. For "You've Got a Friend" [from Toy Story], they said they wanted to emphasize the special kind of relationship, the friendship they have. So I just said "You've got a friend, you've got a friend, you've got a friend in me" three times. And it happens like that.
The most important thing, I think, to Pixar and to the music people I deal with at Disney, is that they feel something. It's most important to them when they put the picture together. The jokes, all that stuff — they worry less about that than they do if there's some kind of feeling behind things. If there's heart in it, is what they say. But that's what they care about with the songs.
And you have a knack for doing that. I think about the song "When She Loved Me" from Toy Story 2. It gets me every time, and even without being a fan of your music, it would have gotten me.
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Yeah, it's not me singing it. There's no presence in there. But it had to work. It's really a risk, I think. I've said it before, but you have five-year-olds, four-year-olds watching the thing. They have to stay quiet for it; they have to sit for it. And they do.
I can't think of another songwriter that has such a sharp divide between what you write for yourself and what you write for other people, what you write for movies.
That's probably true. No one ever tells me what to do when I write for myself. On very rare occasions, yeah, but no one's ever told me anything. But in a movie, you have the assignment. You can't write "Rednecks" for a Disney movie. You wouldn't want to. I'm grateful for the opportunity to get yanked into what passes as the middle of the road for me. Those songs are essentially benign. There's some range to them — The Princess and the Frog, James and the Giant Peach, stuff for Meet the Parents. It's what I feel most confident about that I can do — a song assignment.
It certainly hasn't softened your edge with your own stuff.
No, whoever I am, that's crystallized, and there it is.
In concert, are there songs that you really relish performing now?
It comes and goes. I'll get tired of "Birmingham," and then I'll like it again. There they are — I go around and go around, but the songs are whatever they are. They're still the same, but it just depends on what kind of mood you're in. I've always liked playing "Same Girl"; I don't do it all the time. But it feels good to do it.
Are there songs at this point that you've set aside and that you never revisit?
It's always a question whether to do "Rednecks" or not nowadays. Without some explanation, it's hard to drop it on people. You can't just assume that they all know who I am. People sound like they're surprised at "Political Science," which I always do. Kind of an indication that maybe they haven't seen me before or haven't heard me much.
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National Guard Bureau
WASHINGTON, March 5, 1998 Women's History Month
"Learning is not obtained by chance. It must be sought for with ardor and attended to with diligence."
Abigail Adams
American first lady
"It's not the load that breaks you down, it's the way you carry it."
Lena Horne
American entertainer
"A leader who doesn't hesitate before he sends his nation into battle is not fit to be a leader."
Golda Meir
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text:
Welcome to Pueblo Bonito
To use this trail guide, follow the numbered stops along the trail which correspond to the numbers in the text. While exploring Pueblo Bonito, this guide will enable you to recognize several unique characteristics of Chacoan architecture.
The trail through Pueblo Bonito is 0.6 mile long. The gravel trail that goes along the southeast corner of the ruin is wheelchair accessible but assistance is recommended. To reach this alternate route, follow the south wall past Stop 18 to the plaza entrance.
The archeological resources in Chaco Culture National Historical Park are fragile, irreplaceable, and a significant part of our cultural heritage. The park received international recognition for the cultural resources it contains when Chaco was designated a World Heritage Site in 1987. You can help us protect and preserve this part of our global cultural heritage by following these basic rules:
For your safety, do not climb canyon walls, or onto the mesa except via a designated trail. Children should remain with the guardian responsible for their safety.
Pets are not allowed in the ruins.
The name Pueblo Bonito is Spanish for "beautiful town." Carravahal, a guide from San Juan Pueblo, provided Lt. James Simpson with the name during a military expedition that came through Chaco in 1849. Following the expedition, Simpson published the first detailed description of the ruins in Chaco Canyon.
Anasazi, a Navajo word which translates as "Ancient Ones" or "Ancient Enemies," is the term archeologists use to refer to the culture that began about 2,500 years ago and was centered in the Four Corners region. The Anasazi Indians were the builders of the large pueblos that were constructed in Chaco Canyon from approximately A.D. 850 through 1150.
Pueblo Bonito is the most celebrated and most thoroughly investigated site in Chaco Canyon. Constructed in stages over a thousand years ago, Pueblo Bonito epitomizes the great pueblo architecture found here. Archeologists specializing in Chacoan archeology use the term "great house" to describe large sites like Pueblo Bonito. Great houses display a particular set of attributes, including planned layouts, multi-story construction, distinctive masonry, very large rooms, and circular subterranean chambers called "kivas." Pueblo Bonito exhibits all of the characteristic elements of great house construction, all of which you can see along this trail.
1 Chacoan walls are referred to as "core-and-veneer" masonry, and are a hallmark of great house construction. You are looking at the facing stones of the wall (the veneer). The core consists of roughly shaped pieces of sandstone laid in mud mortar, which is faced with carefully selected shaped stones to create the veneer. There were several types of veneers used in great house construction, and they changed over time. Today these pattern variations in veneer provide archeologists with a tool for dating site construction.
After the walls were built and roofed, a plaster coating was applied over most of the walls that concealed this fine stonework. This helped protect the mud mortar from rain. It also decreased maintenance because it is easier to reapply mud plaster than to repair the mortar joints of the walls.
Walking up the trail to the next stop, you will see several mounds on your right. These mounds contain construction debris. The large mound closest to the cliff conceals a great house, and in the mounds between Pueblo Bonito and Chetro Ketl, there may be portions of a masonry wall that would have connected these two structures during their occupation.
2 These enormous blocks of sandstone are what remain of Threatening Rock. Prior to its collapse in 1941, the rock was a detached segment of the cliff wall that was separated from the cliff by a wide crack. It measured about 97 feet high, 140 feet long, 34 feet thick, and weighed an estimated 30,000 tons. Looking along the canyon wall behind you, you will see a massive vertical boulder that resembles Threatening Rock before it fell.
The Anasazi builders chose this location even though they recognized the threat of a fall. They built a supporting masonry terrace below the rock, which slowed the erosion of soil from below the rock, delaying its collapse. To your right, you can see what remains of this terrace.
3 The imposing cliffs surrounding the canyon provided the stone from which the Chacoans built the impressive structures that are found here. Two types of stone were used for construction. The first was a hard, dark brown stone quarried from the upper canyon walls. The second was the blocky, light tan stone that is found along the lower walls of the canyon. The laminated dark brown stone used in earlier construction appears to have been the preferred building material. It is harder and breaks more readily at right angles to the bedding plane. This provided the builders with usable pieces that could be easily shaped and incorporated into the intricate stone patterns found in these walls.
4 From here you can see the large scale and geometric design of Pueblo Bonito. As with most of the other great houses in the canyon, the layout was the result of several building stages and was not a single construction event. From initial construction in the middle of the ninth century, three hundred years elapsed before the present form of Pueblo Bonito was realized.
The number of rooms in this structure suggests that many people lived here. The first archeologists working in Chaco estimated a population of 20,000 to 30,000 for the entire canyon. These estimates were based on the number of rooms in all of the known sites in Chaco. With continuing archeological research, population estimates have been lowered to between 4,400 and 6,000 people. The lower estimates are based upon a variety of approaches for determining population size.
The number of known firepits, the amount of arable land, and the quantity of pottery vessels are some of the data that have been used to estimate population.
5 This broken cross section of wall displays its massiveness and how well it was designed. The height of the first story determined the width of the wall. Wall width decreased with each additional story, lightening the load on the massive base. This type of wall construction ensured strong and stable walls at heights of four or five stories. Decreasing wall widths also demonstrate advance planning on the part of the builders. Second and third stories were planned before the first story was built.
Great houses were built more substantially than other Anasazi structures in the San Juan Basin, but it is not certain for what purpose. Substantial walls were necessary for multi-storied design, but the overall massiveness of the structures may have served other functions. Pueblo Bonito, along with the other great houses found here, may have been used primarily for religious or political functions, rather than serving individual family needs. The massive scale and attention to detail in construction also reduced building maintenance, which would have been particularly important if the resident population was small or seasonal. Whatever the reason, substantial portions of the great houses in the canyon are still intact eight-hundred-years later because they were so well constructed.
6 This back wall was built during the second construction phase at Pueblo Bonito, approximately A.D. 1040 to 1050. It included a row of rooms around the exterior of the first phase rooms, creating a new back wall. The earlier rooms did not have exterior doorways, so access to the new arc of rooms was not possible. There were interior doorways between all the new rooms and several doorways in the new exterior back wall.
When these rooms were excavated, many of them contained shelves or platforms across the short axis of the room. These "roomwide" platforms were constructed midway between the floor and ceiling, extending from the side wall about four to five feet towards the center of the room. One interpretation of these platforms is that they functioned as shelves, measurably increasing the storage capacity of a room. These features and the restricted accessibility to these rooms, have led others to suggest they may have been used as sleeping platforms. There is no conclusive archeological evidence regarding their use.
7 The doorways to your right lead into rooms that were used by Richard Wetherill at the turn of the century. Wetherill, who was a rancher and an archeologist, and George Pepper, from the American Museum of Natural History, were the first to excavate at Pueblo Bonito. After they completed their excavations in 1899, Wetherill remained in the canyon, homesteading and operating a trading post until his death in 1910.
Wetherill and Pepper began their excavations in Pueblo Bonito in 1896, and by the time they were finished, they had excavated 190 rooms. They located, photographed, and mapped all of the major structures in the canyon. In addition, they recorded Anasazi irrigation systems, stairways, roads and water catchment areas, and sponsored other researchers including a physical anthropologist and a geologist. Overall, they contributed immensely to the early archeology of Chaco Canyon.
8 This is the oldest section of Pueblo Bonito, dating from about A.D. 850 to the late 900s. This early construction consisted of about one hundred ground-floor and upper-story rooms, including some sections that were three stories high. Three to five round pit structures (kivas) were built in front of the multi-storied, crescent-shaped block of rooms, completing this stage of construction. As with most great houses, this early section was incorporated into the bulk of the structure during subsequent stages of construction. Several different masonry styles are represented in these walls including the earliest type that was used in great house construction. Identified as Type I, it is distinguished by thin rectangular-shaped pieces of sandstone laid in mud mortar. Type I Walls required more maintenance than later types because the mud mortar joints were larger. When exposed to the elements, it would have been necessary to regularly repair mortar damage to maintain the wall.
9 This open area is well defined by multi-storied roomblocks to the north, east, and west, and by a singlestory row of rooms to the south. It is referred to as the plaza, which is a term borrowed from later pueblo architecture used for a similar feature. Along the front of the roomblocks, large firepits were dug, and several kivas were constructed in the plaza. The archeological record provides few clues to the specific use of the plaza area, but based upon modern day use, a great deal of activity took place here. Today, plazas provide a place for people in the community to gather for informal activities as well as ceremonial events.
The plaza of Pueblo Bonito is divided into eastern and western halves by a central dividing wall that is aligned with true north. There was only one entryway into the plaza, which is located in the southeast corner of the western half of the plaza. (The present opening in the eastern section resulted when a room collapsed.) When the original entrance was first constructed, it was over seven feet wide. During a later construction phase it was remodeled and reduced to a door less than three feet wide, and even this small door was subsequently blocked. One of the original excavators interpreted this as a defensive measure, suggesting there was a pressing need for this deliberate and progressive closing in of the pueblo.
10 This very large, round subterranean structure is a great kiva. They are characteristic of great house construction and include a set of highly standardized architectural features. These include a low masonry bench around the base of the room, raised floor vaults, a raised firebox and deflector, pits for seating four wooden posts or masonry pillars used to support the roof, and an antechamber and entryway at the plaza level of the subterranean structure. The size, standardization in construction, and investment of labor exhibited in great kivas indicates they may have served a highly specialized public function that met community-wide needs. In the plaza of Pueblo Bonito, there were at least three great kivas.
An additional feature that is frequently found in Chacoan great kivas is a set of wall crypts or niches. Wall niches may have functioned as depositories for offerings and ceremonial paraphernalia, or possibly served as open shelves for the display of ceremonial objects. Supporting evidence for these interpretations is the recovery of beads, pendants, and ornaments from the niches in one of the great kivas at Chetro Ketl. When these niches at Pueblo Bonito were exposed during the excavation of this great kiva, they were empty.
11 In describing the architecture of the modern Pueblo Indians, the term kiva is used to refer to round rooms used for ceremonial purposes. This term has been applied to the round rooms found in Chaco and other prehistoric sites in the Southwest. Although it is not known whether the prehistoric kiva was used exclusively for ceremony, this architectural form dates back to the earliest Anasazi pithouses, around A.D. 400.
Neil Judd, who excavated at Pueblo Bonito from 1921 through 1927, identified several features of kivas in Chaco that distinguish them from kivas in other Anasazi settlements. Judd defined the "Chaco-type" kiva as including a low masonry bench encircling the base of the room with a short recess usually to the south, low masonry boxes called pilasters built on the bench as roof supports, a firepit, a subfloor ventilating system, and a sub-floor vault. Additional research has expanded this list of features to include the elevation of the room to an above-ground square enclosure, which can be seen in the kiva to your left, and a characteristic bench backing referred to as wainscotting. The kivas in this section of Pueblo Bonito include all of these features except for the bench backing.
12 In this room, there are remnants of original plaster as well as primary and secondary roofing beams known in Spanish as "vigas" and "latillas." Vigas are the primary beams and carry the weight of the roof. Latillas are secondary supports and were laid perpendicular to the primary beams. Split shakes of juniper wood, bark, and matting were then laid over the secondaries. A layer of clay mortar, or packed adobe was applied over this, and the surface was completed with a final layer of sand.
The size of this room is characteristic of the rooms built in Chacoan great houses between A.D. 900 and 1150, with large floor areas and very high ceilings. The present surface is elevated above the actual floor level due to the protective fill. Before leaving this room, note the masonry-filled doorways. These can be seen throughout the great houses in the canyon and are usually the result of architectural modifications completed by the Anasazi builders. Closing rooms off could have been done to conserve heat, or it may have indicated a change in the use of the room, such as from domestic use to storage.
13 The function or use of a room is often difficult to determine in prehistoric buildings. One of the ways archeologists try to determine room function is through architectural features found at the time of excavation. These may include sandstone slabs used to grind corn or grains, mealing bins, or firepits. Another is through examining the artifacts that are recovered, and studying their placement upon excavation. The large rooms in this section of the pueblo would have been inadequate as domestic dwellings. Because of their size, they would have been difficult to heat, and they would have been dark because they are interior rooms. When these rooms were excavated most of them lacked domestic features. The lack of room features, such as mealing bins or hearths, and the lack of artifacts suggest they may have functioned as storage rooms.
14 Between A.D. 1075 and 1115, the east and west wings of Pueblo Bonito were constructed, including this room. This was the most extensive building phase in the canyon and one of the last. There are several methods for dating and identifying building phases including the science of tree-ring dating known as "dendrochronology," and the analysis of masonry styles and ground plans. The way walls meet or "abut" is another method for identifying construction sequences. Abutted walls do not interconnect at corners but instead are flush with each other. Walls that abut one another were constructed at different times, while walls with stones that interconnect at the corners were typically built at the same time.
15 Before wall building began, the layout of the structure was determined by constructing foundations. If additions to the original plan were made during construction, foundations were added, while deletions from the plan left unused foundations. Beneath the floors in this section of Pueblo Bonito and extending to the east, a maze of unused wall foundations have been located during excavations. They consist of trenches that are about eighteen inches wide and deep, filled with stone rubble set in clay mortar. Foundations would have prevented uneven settling of the walls and added durability.
16 There are at least four types of doorways that have been used in great house construction; small doors with high sills, large doors with low sills, corner doorways, and T-shaped doors. The most common type is the small door with a high sill and the most elegant is the T-shaped door. Although the meaning of the T-shape is not clear, their placement appears to be restricted to special locations in the buildings. They usually open into plazas, or onto balconies or terraces.
17 You can see both original vigas and latillas in the well preserved ceiling of this room. The upper-story floors and exterior roofs of great houses consisted of large vigas, latillas, split shakes, and layers of mortar and sand known as "closing material." In 1991, cores and samples were taken from these beams for tree-ring dating. Sampled areas are visible as freshly sawed sites and circular depressions in the vigas and latillas. When these beams were sampled, the latest cutting dates were around A.D. 1082, indicating roof construction sometime after that date.
18 If you turn around and look above and to the left of the rooms you have just left, you will see a corner doorway. This is an unusual type of door opening used in great house construction. Only seven are known in Pueblo Bonito, and all of them were built during later construction sequences in the eastern part of the pueblo. This particular doorway appears to function as an astronomical marker. When the sun rises on the morning of the winter solstice, rays of sunlight pass through this opening and strike the opposite corner of the room behind it. Throughout the canyon, there are other architectural features, as well as modified land forms, that correspond with astronomical events. This knowledge of astronomy seems to have been an integral part of the construction plan at Chaco.
The earthen mounds that you pass as you leave Pueblo Bonito were originally identified as trash deposits, known as "middens." Although they contain trash, they also include sand and construction debris. These rectangular mounds are enclosed by masonry walls raised about ten feet above the surrounding ground level. The tops of the mounds were leveled, and they were accessible via stairs. This combination of features strongly suggests the mounds are planned architectural features. Some archeologists believe these earthen mounds tie in with the series of Anasazi roads and are part of the great house landscaping. Similar mounds are found in association with roads and formalized entrances to other great houses, such as Pueblo Alto, Penasco Blanco, and Kin Ya'a.
Frazier, Kendrick. People of Chaco, A Canyon and its Culture. W.W. Norton and Company, Inc., 1986.
Gabriel, Kathyrn. Roads to Center Place, A Cultural Atlas of Chaco Canyon and the Anasazi. Johnson Books, l991.
Hayes, Alden C., David M. Brugge, James W. Judge. Archaeological Surveys of Chaco Canyon. University of New Mexico Press, 1987.
Judd, Neil M. The Architecture of Pueblo Bonito. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Vol. 147, No. 1, Publication 4524; 1964.
Lekson, Stephen H. Great Pueblo Architecture of Chaco Canyon. University of New Mexico Press, 1986.
Lekson, Stephen H., editor. The Architecture and Dendrochronology of Chetro Ketl. Reports of the Chaco Center, No. 6, Division of Cultural Research, National Park Service, Santa Fe.
Lister, Robert H. and Florence C. Chaco Canyon Archaeology and Archaeologists. University of New Mexico Press, 1981.
McNitt, Frank. Richard Wetherill: Anasazi. University of New Mexico Press, 1966.
Recycled paper
3rd printing - 25M - SPMA - 1/95
This publication was produced with funds donated by Southwest Parks and Monuments Association.
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password in imac4
I have had a imac/SG945AT2G42 donated to the Boys and Girls Club that I work at in Maryland. The person who donated the imac did not leave the operating disc or any information to contact them. I would like to get this updated and when I went to update it has a password. What I am looking for is a way to either get the os disc or a way to bypass the password. We have a new Imac flat screen that was donated las t year and I would like to show the children how the mac has evolved over the years. Thanks for any help in this matter
G'day and welcome to the forums.
Well it depends on what sort of protection has been set up. Normal administrator password can be got around by using an install disc by this:-
Depending on the model, Leopard, Snow Leopard or Lion would be a good system install.
If firmware password protection has been set up, big problems alas:-
I dont have the install disk it looks like same password for admin and user. Thanks Tim how can I get an install disc.
Depends on what operating system you want to buy. Snow Leopard will only install on Intel machines, Lion on Core 2 Duo, and Leopard on machines, including G4 and G5's with an 867MHz processor or faster. Apple sells Lion and Snow Leopard on Lion, Leopard will be a search of auction sites such as eBay.
If you go this way make sure you purchase a full retail install DVD which is black coloured, and not a silver/grey disc which are extremely model specific. If the machine boots, go into 'About this Mac' under the Apple icon in the menu bar and it will say OS X and then the version number.
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Nepal's private sector, as evidences show, is shying away from its major responsibilities and becoming much like NGOs. The current situation is such that the private sector is acting like nonprofits or as a project implementing body. Popular perception is that our private sector lacks innovative approaches and entrepreneurial mindset.
Recently, me and my friend Hom Nath Gaire did a story on the recent trend of private sector engaging in appeasing donors for projects instead of being involved in businesses. I want the news to speak and help you readers make a judgment about our private sector:
A Donor-Dependent Private Sector
By Siromani Dhungana and Hom Nath Gaire
Aid orientation has been evident among Nepal's private sector organizations as they are hell bent on bagging projects from donor agencies to carry out activities for their own welfare and day to day activities. Sometimes, their race for getting projects appears to be 'unhealthy'.
Here are some examples:
• USAID Nepal Economic, Agriculture and Trade (NEAT) activity provided grant to the Confederation of Nepalese Industries (CNI) to conduct Public Private Dialogue (PPD) on draft of Foreign Investment and Technology Transfer Act (FITTA) last year. Continue reading


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Best Week Ever friends Rob Huebel, Paul Scheer and Aziz Ansari have combined forces and created an unholy comedy trinity called The Human Giant. Some are saying this might be the best giant since the Jolly Green one.
Check out their new site to see some of the funniest videos available on the World Wide Web (Information Superhighway).


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Intranet portals: What's in a name?
by Guy van Leemput
September 29, 2011
Tags: governance, intranet, portal
Comments: No Comments
Are you confused by the terminology surrounding intranet portals? Do you wonder when an intranet stops being an intranet and becomes a portal? Should you care?
Intranet portal technology has been around for quite a few years and has by now earned its right under the sun. In parallel, regular intranets have also evolved over time. They are no longer the static, one-way communication channels of the past; they now integrate many different sources of content, resources and tools. And in the end the objective of both approaches is the same: to provide employees with a single, centralized and user-friendly access to all the information and applications that they need to do their daily jobs.
At the Dutch government, this objective was the driving force behind the recent project to replace the 16 various intranets of the individual ministries by a single portal. Raymond Boissevain, communication and online media expert at the Dutch Ministry of General Affairs, will share his experiences with the design, the rollout and the adoption of the new 'Rijksportaal'. A key element of the success has been the focus on proper governance: keeping stakeholders fully engaged at all stages along the way.
Raymond's insights should be of particular interest to other government or complex non-profit organizations, but also commercial firms can learn a lot from his approach.
Interested to see more intranet case studies? Join the J. Boye conference in Aarhus, Denmark, from 8 to 10 November 2011 and don't miss the full-day, dedicated intranet track!
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Courses: Organic Chemistry I (CHEMB21100E)
Fall 2013
Class Number: 1159
An introduction to the principles of organic chemistry, including synthetic and spectroscopic techniques. Lecture three hours, recitation one hour and laboratory five hours a week. Prerequisite: CHEM 104 with a grade of at least 2.0.
Div: IIL;
Enrollment Limit: 25; Post Bacc Spaces: 20; Students are expected to
attend one of two pre-labs offered (Monday 8-9am or Tuesday 1-2pm)
Fulfills: Class Nbr: 1159 Div: IIL;
Bryn Mawr, PK179,PK25,PK180
Meeting Times
T 9:00am-12:30pm,M 8:00am-9:00am,T 1:00pm-2:00pm


text: http://news.softpedia.com – A lot of people expressed security concerns about the integration of an Amazon lens into the Home lens in Ubuntu 12.10, but Canonical is making sure that users' privacy will be respected. Mark Shuttleworh, founder of Canonical, tried to address some of the problems that were mentioned by users, but the backlash of this new feature in Ubuntu 12.10 has caused quite a stir in the community. So far, the traffic made through the Unity Dash, towards Amazon and through Canon... (read more) (General)


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Picked this eyeliner up for $9.97 at Nordstrom Rack and figured I would give it a whirl. The thin applicator made it easy to draw a straight line, and flick it out for a nice little wing. I used a Mac Paint Pot as primer, and the liner did not budge, even on my oily eyelids. Going back to pick up the other colors!
Even if the rest of your makeup has melted off this does not budge! Fantastic eyeliner, very pigmented- a true black. It would be getting a perfect 5 star score from me if it didn't run out so quickly, lasted maybe 4 months which is pretty disappointing considering the price.
Draw liquid lines so sharp they could cut glass. Our slender brush lays down long-lasting matte, slick and shimmery shades sure to satisfy your color lust. Achieve clean, sharp WATERPROOF lines with shocking ease. The newest addition to our 24/7 franchise is available in a veritable rainbow of long-lasting, highly-pigmented, WATERPROOF color options – shades ranging from matte to glossy to shimmery! (And why would you only buy one? Try them all!) Use the ultra-fine brush tip to create lines that are razor-thin or thick, even and bold. The brush is also short and easy to control, making it ideal for liquid liner newbies. The slim pens are convenient – go ahead and pack 'em all into your makeup bag – and are color-matched to each shade.
Read the full review from the link below.


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first of, since 1996, melo is 17 of 35 on shots with 5 seconds or less in regulation or overtime in game tying or game winning situations. think about that, that percentage is higher than MJ during his prime years, reggie miller, kobe, pierce and others. the number has actually come down a bit, used to be at 58%. with the new LINNING attitude, could go back up as it was with chauncey in denver.
second, the nobel prize should be his for being the one to confront d'antoni about starting the lin dynasty. told the coach to play the kid. he goes out there and scores 25 points. that's a guy thinking about winning not focusing on race to keep the asian ball player down. had lin been black or white, no way he is seen as no better than a bench warner, emergency fill-in guy. the kid dominated UCONN in college and upset BC after they had upset the #1 team. yet even mark jackson (who lin is very close to basketball wise) could not imagine the kid being the next mark jackson as a star. the kid got a shot but only as a back depth guy. this stereotype racism works with the likes of aaron smith, a white cornerback in the nfl, who even as a star in college and the pros, has been asked routinely to switch positions for many just can't imagine a white guy as a speedster as a CB, flanker or tailback. ditto with a corey crawford, the son of the white guy from first take on espn, his son is the fave to win the big east long jump championship. reporters and kids walk up to him routinely at meet sand are puzzzled when he confirms his name. they can't imagine a white kid being a long jump champion like its some genetic mandate.
as a black man, i can certainly empathize with holding someone back due to racial or genetic stereotypes.. i think and hope melo will thrive with this kid, jr smith (as a starter), amare and chandler. that team is freakin LOADED! it sends a great message beyond basketball!


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Life in an Urban Stream
Aquatic insects are an important part of nearly every freshwater water body in the world, performing essential functions such as breaking down plant material in streams, cycling nutrients in ponds, and helping maintain the balance of life in water. They are also an incredibly useful tool for monitoring stream health and water quality! In this hands-on program, you will become a stream biologist and help us sample our stream for insects and other invertebrates. You'll learn some of the basics of aquatic insect identification, sampling techniques, and calculating water quality scores based on the insect life in a stream. You'll also help us gather a sample for an ongoing stream research project examining the influence of flow on the insect diversity of our stream. Come prepared to get wet and muddy (rubber boots or waders are encouraged if you don't want to get your feet wet), and learn about some of the amazing insects that call our urban stream home! Contact Chris Goforth at firstname.lastname@example.com or 919.707.8882 for information or to register.


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PLATTSBURGH - The Upstate New York Tea Party is steaming mad about the spending habits of newly elected Rep. Bill Owens, D-Plattsburgh.
During a press conference in Plattsburgh Feb. 12, UNYTEA chairman Mark L. Barie said Owens has voted for a series of bills, which, if enacted, would add more than $1 trillion to the nation's deficit.
"Since he first took office, Mr. Owens has yet to meet a big spending bill he didn't like," said Barie.
Barie opened his comments with a quotation from President Abraham Lincoln who said, "You cannot keep out of trouble by spending more than you earn." Barie went on to say Owens is either unwilling or unable to follow President Lincoln's advice.
UNYTEA selected only a handful of his roll call votes and discovered after only 98 days in office, Owens had voted to spend more than $1 trillion.
"That translates to almost $8 million for every minute of every hour of every day, since Mr. Owens took the oath of office on Nov. 6th," said Barie, whose remarks were made during the event which unveiled UNYTEA's new Web site.
The Web site, www.unytea.com, now includes a large black button called "Bill's bill." After clicking on it, an on-line viewer will see an up-to-date tally of the cost to taxpayers for the legislation, which Owens supported.
UNYTEA also distributed written materials which cited Congressional Budget Office estimates for just six pieces of legislation, all of which Owens supported. The bills included, among other things, the Affordable Health Care Act, at a cost of $894 billion.
Barie, a long-time friend and business ally of Owens, made no effort to disguise his disappointment. He pointed out Owens first supported a series of budget-busting bills and then used a parliamentary procedure to vote against a motion to raise the nation's debt ceiling.
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Press release from Marketwire
Ainsworth Lumber Co. Ltd. Conference Call Notification
Friday, July 06, 2012
Ainsworth Lumber Co. Ltd. Conference Call Notification19:34 EDT Friday, July 06, 2012VANCOUVER, BRITISH COLUMBIA--(Marketwire - July 6, 2012) - Investors and media are invited to participate in Ainsworth's (TSX:ANS)(TSX:ANS.WT) 2012 second quarter conference call. Jim Lake, President and COO, will discuss the Company's second quarter results followed by a question and answer session.The conference call will take place on Friday August 3, 2012 at 10:00 a.m. PDT (1:00 p.m. EDT). The dial-in phone number is 1-800-319-4610 from inside the USA or Canada, and +1-604-638-5340 from outside of the USA and Canada. To access the post-view line, dial 1-800-319-6413, or +1-604-638-9010, Reservation 4176#. This recording will be available until the end of the day on August 10, 2012.FOR FURTHER INFORMATION PLEASE CONTACT: Rob FeustelAinsworth Lumber Co. Ltd. - Investor Relations ContactTreasurer604-661-3200604-661-3201 (FAX)email@example.com


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Half-elliptical/ half-bike
Street Strider: The offspring of an all-body elliptical machine and a three-wheeler, the Strider uses arm handles, foot platforms and an eight-speed internal hub drive-train to propel you at bike speeds.
Likes: The first of several ellipti-bikes set to hit the market soon, the Strider isn't just a home run; it's a grand slam -- maybe the most exhilarating aerobics machine I've ever tested. Best of all, it's practical as daily exercise for almost anyone of any fitness level or weight. Blending the smooth, satisfying all-body workout and standing position of an elliptical with the mobile velocity and range of a bike, the Street Strider combines outdoor adventure, fitness and ease of use, with a bird's-eye view that makes you feel as if you're soaring in the breeze. In a two-hour, 20-mile ride on the bike paths of Irvine and the Newport Back Bay, I climbed steep hills, made fast descents, got dozens of smiles and thumbs-up from adults and kids, and was clocked at a regular cruising speed of 14.7 mph by a passing cyclist. Halfway through, I ran into another happy Strider rider, Shay Sorrells, a recent contestant on "The Biggest Loser" TV show (now weighing in at 325 pounds, down 150 pounds from her peak six months ago) who said she rides hers at least an hour a day.


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Across the globe, changes in salinity over time generally match changes in precipitation: places where rainfall declines become saltier, while places where rainfall increases become fresher. Where did saltiness change over the past decade?
In October 2003, a little-known think tank in the Department of Defense quietly released a report warning that climate change could happen so suddenly it could pose a major threat to our country's national security. Why was the Pentagon worried about abrupt climate change? Because new evidence from Greenland showed it had happened before.
In this activity, students examine the effects of hurricanes on sea surface temperature using NASA data. They examine authentic sea surface temperature data to explore how hurricanes extract heat energy from the ocean surface.
This activity covers the role that the oceans may play in climate change and how climate change may affect the oceans. It is lesson 8 in a nine-lesson module Visualizing and Understanding the Science of Climate Change.
This hands-on activity explores the driving forces behind global thermohaline circulation.
This series of activities introduce students to polar oceanography, polar climate and how events that occur in oceans thousands of kilometers away affect them and the mid-latitudes using maps, images, lab experiments and online data tools. Students explore how conditions are changing in the Polar Regions and the possible impacts upon life in the United States and other mid-latitude nations.
This activity uses a mix of multimedia resources and hands-on activities to support a storyline of investigation into melting sea ice. The lesson begins with a group viewing of a video designed to get students to consider both the local and global effects of climate change. The class then divides into small groups for inquiry activities on related topics followed by a presentation of the findings to the entire class. A final class discussion reveals a more complex understanding of both the local and global impacts of melting sea ice.
This activity utilizes labs, online resources, and student ideas to build an understanding of polar climates, how changes in polar oceans can affect coastal climates, and how changes in polar regions affect climates elsewhere on Earth.
In this role-playing activity, learners are presented with a scenario in which they will determine whether the Gulf Stream is responsible for keeping Europe warm. They must also address the potential future of the Gulf Stream if polar ice were to continue melting. The students work in small groups to identify the issue, discuss the problem, and develop a problem statement. They are then asked what they need to know to solve the problem.
In this activity for undergraduate students, learners build a highly simplified computer model of thermohaline circulation (THC) in the North Atlantic Ocean and conduct a set of simulation experiments to understand the complex dynamics inherent in this simple model.


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In his practice, Dr. Joshua Remick believes his most important role as a cardiologist is to educate his patients so they can make informed, intelligent health care decisions. "I'm a partner in their health," he says.
"I emphasize honesty and commitment with my patients," says Dr. Remick. "Heart failure is a chronic disease that requires patients to actively participate in their health care." His philosophy of care is to help patients achieve their personal health goals. Dr. Remick enjoys making a difference in the lives of his patients and earning their trust.
After earning his medical degree from Albert Einstein College of Medicine in Bronx, New York, Dr. Remick completed an internship and residency at the New York University School of Medicine in New York City, where he served as chief resident. He went on to complete a cardiology fellowship at Emory School of Medicine in Atlanta, and received an additional year of training in advanced heart failure and transplantation.
Born and raised in Vancouver, British Columbia, Dr. Remick is a Pacific Northwest native. In his free time, he enjoys running, hiking, and spending time with his wife and two children. Dr. Remick is also a passionate hockey fan.
Heart failure, mechanical circulatory support, cardiac transplantation, pulmonary hypertension, echocardiography, nuclear cardiology, cardiovascular disease
Medical degree: Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New YorkInternship/chief residency: New York University School of Medicine, New York CityFellowship, cardiology: Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga.Dr. Remick is board certified in cardiology and cardiovascular disease. He has also received special training in advanced heart failure and transplantation.


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|Author Jeanne Nolan: "From the Ground Up"
Event Type: Adult Program
Date: 4/2/2014
Start Time: 7:00 PM
End Time: 9:00 PM
Meet Jeanne Nolan, author of "From the Ground Up: A Food Growers Education, in Life, Love and Movement That's Changing the Nation." Nolan has designed and cultivated more than 650 farms and food gardens in and around Chicago. She is the designer and project manager for The Edible Gardens at Chicago's Lincoln Park Zoo, part of the nationwide initiative urging us to change the way we think about our food. The Book Table will sell books.Library: Oak Park Public Library Main Branch
Location: Second Floor - Veterans Room
Contact: Adult & Teen Services
Contact Number: 708.452.3440


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Thomas Elias/Peter Dykeman
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Already a huge success in previous editions, this must-have field guide now features a fresh new cover, as well as nearly 400 color photos and detailed information on more than 200 species of edible plants all across North America.
With all the plants conveniently organized by season, enthusiasts will find it very simple to locate and identify their desired ingredients. Each entry includes images, plus facts on the plant's habitat, physical properties, harvesting, preparation, and poisonous look-alikes. The introduction contains tempting recipes and there's a quick-reference seasonal key for each plant.
THE EDIBLE HERB GARDEN by
Rosalind Creasy
EVERYTHING I WANT TO DO IS ILLEGAL by
Joel Salatin
ECOBEAUTY by
Lauren Cox with Janice Cox
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Betsy Matheson
THE FEAST NEARBY by
Robin Mather
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By Douglas J. GillertAmerican Forces Press Service
SAN ANTONIO, Texas, Dec. 3, 1998 Chaplains get a lot of their training in seminaries and through courses offered by their services. But how do they learn to minister to severely wounded and injured service members and the medics who care for them?
One such place is Brooke Army Medical Center here, where the Clinical Pastor Education program teaches chaplains to minister amid the blood and emotional stress of a hospital emergency room. Chaplains join trauma teams battling daily to save the lives of victims of violence, from gunshot wounds to car accidents. Because the Brooke ER is one of San Antonio's three "Code 3" trauma centers, they see the same kinds of damaged bodies and minds they would see on the fields of battle.
"The Army has what it calls the 'muddy boot' ministry for chaplains in the field with soldiers," said Chaplain (Maj.) Michael Raymo. "This is the 'bloody boot' ministry."
For a year at a time, chaplains train here under the Clinical Pastor Education program, where they spend part of the time pulling duty in the ER. Only Army chaplains currently participate, but the Air Force, which has a similar program at nearby Wilford Hall Medical Center, has expressed interest in adopting some of the Army's techniques, Raymo said.
During that year, chaplains are integral members of the trauma team of physicians, nurses and medical technicians. The chaplain always stands at the head of the gurney, talking to conscious patients, offering prayers and support to every one. After emergency surgery, the chaplains are as likely to minister to the staff and to one another, helping people deal with the carnage they've witnessed, the grief they may feel.
Although medics and nurses also are trained to communicate with and comfort patients and families, many don't handle losing a patient very well, Raymo said.
"There's never an easy night in the ER," Raymo said. He recalled a recent incident in which a woman rolled her car with her 4-year-old daughter strapped in the back seat. "The back of the car was demolished, but we couldn't verify the girl was DOA [dead on arrival]. The mother had just minor bruises and scratches but kept crying out in the trauma room, 'My baby. My baby.'
"We finally received word that the girl was dead, and the mother reacted violently. She had to be calmed, and I was the only one there to help her."
Meanwhile, the grandmother showed up, and when she learned from a nurse the girl was dead, she immediately fainted. "I caught her as she was going down," Raymo said. Another family member, a 15-year-old boy, learned of the girl's death. "You could see the imprints his knuckles left in the wall," Raymo said. "As the chaplain, I had to be there for each of these people."
Raymo and other chaplains also have to "be there" for the doctors, nurses and medics after such traumatic incidents, to debrief the trauma team and help them prepare for the next arrival. It's critical, therefore, that chaplains bond with other trauma team members, he said. "You have to have confidence and trust in each other."
On a shelf in Raymo's cluttered office sits a four-legged stool that he says represents the human needs particularly prevalent in an ER trauma room.
"The four legs on that stool represent the physical, emotional, mental and spiritual needs everyone has," he said. "If one of those legs is missing, the stool wobbles. Likewise, a person's life isn't level unless all four needs are met. That's why chaplains are a critical part of trauma care."
If chaplains aren't physically, emotionally, mentally and spiritually prepared, they may have a hard time helping people through extremely traumatic events, Raymo said. "This training will have bearing on every aspect of their ministries."


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Hello world!
Online Store
Are you crafty? Do you have some type of product that you make and could sell online? You might want to consider opening an online marketplace to sell your items to the public. It is not that difficult to set up a site, and sometimes you can get the site and hosting for free or less than $10 a month. Spread the word on social networking sites, and visitors will come to check out and buy your crafts.
Share Your Creativity
If you have a particular knack for home decorating or organizing, perhaps you can market those services to others. You have natural talents that you have honed, so why not turn them into a business? Teach others to cook or reorganize their kitchens for them. You will be very popular providing these types of services, and word-of-mouth can garner you new clients.
Working from home is an ideal solution for mothers who want to spend most of their time with their children. There are lots of creative ways to start a home business if you just use a little imagination and initiative. Assess your skills and abilities, and look at what various websites have to offer. No doubt, you will find there are several avenues you can pursue to establish your own home business.