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U of U Sports
Baltimore Ravens WR Steve Smith talks Utah Utes ahead of Friday clinic
Loyalty is a big deal for Steve Smith. When he was released by the Carolina Panthers earlier this month, he bought a full-page ad in the Charlotte Observer to tell fans that he would "always consider myself a Carolina Panther."
He'll always consider himself a Ute, too.
Smith transferred to the U. after two years at Santa Monica College, and it was at the U. that he met his wife, Angie, and blossomed into an all-Mountain West kick returner and NFL prospect. He was drafted by Carolina in 2001 and wore the Panther blue and black until earlier this month when he was released and snatched up by the Baltimore Ravens in a three-year, $11.5 million deal.
Smith said by phone Thursday that he was struck a few years after graduating from Utah in 2001 by the value of leaving a legacy at his alma mater.
"What can you do for a place that has given you so many things?" said Smith, a five-time Pro Bowler who ranks No. 19 all-time in NFL receiving yards and could crack the top 10 with a few more seasons like his last.
So in 2008, he and Angie donated $250,000 to endow a scholarship for a wide receiver at the U., money that has gone to support players like David Reed, Shaky Smithson and now Dres Anderson. Smith said he has a plaque in his North Carolina house that bears the name of scholarship recipients, and when he saw recently at the Ravens facility that Reed had a 103-yard kickoff return for Baltimore in 2010, it was "very cool to me."
"I understand that [a scholarship] comes from somebody, and so looking back as I move forward in my professional career and also as a father and a husband, I wanted to give many more people that opportunity to receive the same benefits that I received from someone else."
Smith and his wife visited Utah at the end of February, meeting up with former coach Ron McBride for lunch. Angie is pregnant with their fourth child and had a hankering for the Soup Kitchen in Sugar House (Hires Big H is the Smiths' other Salt Lake favorite). So McBride met him there with a hug.
"He said he's so proud of me," Smith said. "'Look at all the people you've proven wrong.' ... That's who he is. At the end of the day, he's a guy who gives kids an opportunity to [improve] their futures."
Smith said Utah coach Kyle Whittingham, a defensive coordinator when Smith was at the U., has built off the foundation created by McBride then Urban Meyer. The sky's the limit for Utah in the Pac-12, he believes, adding "I believe that coach Whittingham has made all the old Ute football players proud of their school."
Smith also watched the Runnin' Utes beat Arizona State in his first-ever game at the Huntsman Center — yes, even counting his years as a student. He's impressed with what Larry Krystkowiak has accomplished after so many players left when Jim Boylen was fired, and he also hopes someday soon to make a day trip to Athens, Ga., for a Red Rocks road meet against their rivals.
Smith will be back in Utah on Friday night to speak at the U.'s annual coaches' clinic, from 5 to 9 p.m. at the Spence & Cleone Eccles Football Center. Also speaking will be McBride, Oakland Raiders offensive guard Tony Bergstrom, former Detroit Lion defensive lineman Luther Elliss and former college and NFL coach John Pease. Registration costs $35 and can be done online at www.utahfootballcamp.com or on site the day of the clinic at 4 p.m.
There's only one level Smith said he's likely to coach at, and he already has the job. After Friday's clinic, Smith will leave on a red-eye flight to coach his son's 9 a.m. flag football game Saturday. Gotta be there in time for warmups, he said.
"I can't miss it."
Note: Any discussion of Smith's release by the Panthers and signing by the Ravens was deemed off-limits as a condition for the interview.
— Matthew Piper
Twitter: @matthew_piper


text:
Below is the poem entitled Melancholy Sound which was written by poet
HGarvey Daniel
Esquire. Please feel free to comment on this poem. However, please remember, PoetrySoup is a place of encouragement and growth.
Read Poems by
HGarvey Daniel
Hgarvey Daniel Esquire
Standing on the top of the cliffs, overlooking : Melancholy Sound
The ominous black whistle of a Fairy tale; Princess Cruise Ship
In the light of blind LOVE, a smokestack wails as the smell of Death ; Abounds
The groaning ebony whistle, evaporates into the Portals of the past
Leaving the image of Everlasting LOVE written in the sky by the Golden Rays of the Sun
I walk away leaving my Reminiscing behind
Inspired by Janette Fisher's Contest : " Sounds Familiar "

subset: commoncrawl


text:
If you're anything like me, you've always wanted to watch a show about Rosie O'Donnell on a cruise liner filled with gay families. Well you're in luck because, thanks to our friends at HBO, this Thursday you have that chance.
"Ms. O'Donnell said what she wanted to do was simple: to
provide a relaxing place where nobody would stare or ask stupid
questions about two lesbians bringing up a family, or two gay men with
a bunch of kids and not a woman in sight…An uglier side of life intrudes when the ship docks in Nassau and is met by protestors with signs like "We don't welcome sissies in the
Bahamas," and shouting, even at the cowering children."
Will this Brokeback Boat of Love be able to navigate through the murky waters of ignorance and intolerance? Be sure to tune in Thursday to find out for yourself.


text:
Professor Thomas shares her thoughts on the importance of Pro Bono work.October 30, 2009
Professor Sharon Breckenridge Thomas is licensed in the state of Texas and tries to meet or exceed that state's recommendation that all practicing attorneys give fifty hours of pro bono service each year. The majority of Professor Thomas' pro bono service involves the giving of advice and counsel in helping clients through the initial stages of probate, assisting clients faced with unemployment compensation issues work their way through the system for proper compensation, providing advice and counsel regarding workplace issues, and advising churches with regard to corporate governance and real estate acquisition matters.
Professor Thomas believes it is important to serve those who need legal services, but are unable to afford the legal fees. She believes it is both humbling and rewarding to be able to serve in a pro bono capacity.


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According to the current list on the CA Attorney General's Website (the only source that matters), there are no XDM variants allowed to be sold in CA.
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Tue February 5, 2013
DOJ Sues S&P For Giving AAA Ratings To Risky Mortgage Investments
By Jim Zarroli
Originally published on Tue February 5, 2013 3:38 pm
The Justice Department may seek as much as $5 billion from Standard and Poor's. In a lawsuit filed Monday night, prosecutors accuse the firm of misleading investors with fraudulent credit ratings on dozens of different mortgage bonds. It's not yet clear whether federal officials plan to file a similar suit against the other big rating firms, Moody's and Fitch. Regulators would like to see the industry be more competitive and less dependent on the firms whose securities they are rating.


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2009 Distinguished Scholars, communications: Whitley James, George West
A passion for writing, animals
GEORGE WEST - As a young girl Whitley James found herself lost in the pages of books, mesmerized by the way words strung together.
She was still in elementary school when she discovered she had a way with sentences and stories.
Now on the verge of a new chapter in her life, the bright George West senior has begun to dream up ways to weave together her two loves — animals and writing.
"I'd like to write children's books someday," she said. "I've got lots of stories from working with my animals, and I think it may be a good way for me to express myself."
Because of her talent and ability to express herself, Whitley has been chosen as a winner in the 2009 Caller-Times/Citgo South Texas Distinguished Scholars in the Communications category.
Whitley, 17, is ranked first in her class of 100 students at George West High School and maintains a 102.9 grade average. She plans to attend Texas A&M University in the fall where she will major in animal science and minor in communications. Whitley hopes to eventually publish articles that directly relate to veterinary medicine.
"She has loved animals since she was itty bitty," said her mother, Kelly James. "I always used to watch her when she'd come from school the first thing she would do was climb the fence to get into the goat pen."
Whitley works to ensure she does all she can to excel and even registered for difficult college credit science courses to be more prepared.
"When she puts her mind to something she is going to achieve it," said her father, Patrick James.
Whitley has taken advanced courses throughout high school, participated in band and University Interscholastic League writing competitions as well as raised goats. Her involvement in agriculture science courses has earned her thousands of dollars in scholarship money as well as invaluable leadership and communication skills.
Whitley often is a shining example for her peers, said Luis Saldana.
Saldana, who serves as South Texas' AgriLIFE Extension Youth Program director, nominated Whitely for the Distinguished Scholars program. Saldana has known Whitley for about five years.
"To say that she conducts herself in a very professional manner, especially as a young person, is a big deal," he said. "She is very conscious of her role among her peers. I would call her a servant leader."
Whitley balances her many commitments with ease. She sets aside 30 minutes a day to spend with the radio turned up loud or curled up with a book.
Her high school career's highlight is a tossup between a grand champion win at the San Antonio Livestock Show and her qualification in the state UIL feature writing competition.
Sometimes it's a little stressful, but Whitley says the payoff is worth it.
"I'm really glad I'm involved," she said, "because I love what I do."
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miner 1
See definition in Oxford Advanced Learner's DictionaryLine breaks: miner
Pronunciation: /ˈmʌɪnə/
1A person who works in a mine.
Example sentences
- An explosion in an eastern Kentucky coal mine killed five miners yesterday while one other miner was able to get out alive.
- The narrow mine shafts meant miners often had to work on their sides by candlelight.
- Rescuers are frantically trying to reach more than 40 miners trapped in a coal mine that is filling fast with water.
faceworker, headsman, surfaceman, topman;
Australian dry-blower
dated hewer
rare groover
1.1 historical A person who dug tunnels in order to destroy an enemy position with explosives.
Example sentences
- While working in tunnels, miners looked for listening tunnels and countermines of the defender.
- As well as digging their own tunnels, the miners had to listen out for enemy tunnellers.
2A small South American bird of the ovenbird family, which excavates a long burrow for breeding.
- Genus Geositta, family Furnariidae: several species
Example sentences
- The rufous-banded miner is a neotropical ovenbird (Furnariidae) that is widespread in the southern Andes.
- As their name suggests, miners make their nests in holes along creek banks or in burrows.
3 short for leaf miner.
Example sentences
- These miners live on the leaf and feed from these tissues.
- It has been assumed that damage caused by these miners inhibits the plants overall ability to photosynthesize.
Middle English: from Old French minour, from miner 'to mine' (see mine2).
Words that rhyme with minerangina, assigner, china, consignor, decliner, definer, Dinah, diner, diviner, forty-niner, hardliner, incliner, Indo-China, liner, maligner, Medina, minor, mynah, recliner, refiner, Regina, Salina, Shekinah, shiner, signer, South Carolina, Steiner, twiner, whiner
See definition in Oxford Advanced Learner's DictionaryLine breaks: miner
Pronunciation: /ˈmʌɪnə/
An Australian bird of the honeyeater family, having a loud call.
- Genus Manorina, family Meliphagidae: five species, including the bell miner or bellbird (M. melanophrys), with greenish plumage and a bell-like call
Example sentences
- Miners nest communally, laying their eggs in a nest made in the fork of a tree.
- The Indian Myna is from the starling family, while the Australian miners are honeyeaters and grey in colour.
Early 19th century: variant of mynah.
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
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text:
Bendigo Planetarium
Sit back, relax on a bean bag and immerse yourself in the world above as we take you on a guided journey around the solar system, opening up the universe in a whole new way.
With shows daily, you will be guided through the cosmos, venturing to places you've never seen. Each 20 minute show explores the wonders of astronomy and showcases the limitless phenomena in the sky above.
- Weekdays: 1:30pm
- Weekends: 11:30am and 1:30pm
- Victorian School Holidays: 11:30am, 12:30pm and 1:30pm
Cost: Entry to the Bendigo Planetarium is included in Discovery general admission.
The Bendigo Planetarium also works very closely with, and is a partner of, the Bendigo District Astronomical Society (BDAS). Keep your eyes peeled on the Coming Events page for Sidewalk Astronomy nights and other BDAS events that are being held at Discovery!
The Bendigo Planetarium is proudly supported by the Percy Baxter Charitable Trust managed by Perpetual Trustees and the Helen Macpherson Smith Trust.
Previous supporters include The William Buckland Foundation, FRRR Foundation for Rural and Regional Renewal and Australia Post.


text:
Make Original Crysis look more like Warhead?
View Single Post
Registered User
Join Date: Oct 2005
Posts: 309
Make Original Crysis look more like Warhead?
I tired something out this evening. I copied the Config folder from the Warhead\Game folder to the original Crysis\Game folder. I simply replaced the entire existing file. Much to my surprise, when I fired up the original Crysis I found it looked different. I know some of the CVars are different in Warhead -- but it seems to have made Crysis look more like Warhead in terms of lighting. Take a look at the pictures below. The first shot is the default Crysis Config folder. The second shot is the Warhead Config folder. Notice the difference in the Sun, especially the sunbeams. They look much more like they do in Warhead. It really helps to give the game a much warmer feel.
I don't know a ton about the differences in the way the two games handle the CVars, but I thought it was worth a try. Just thought I would share.
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Intel Core i7 980x @ 4.4ghz \ Asus P6T Deluxe V2 \ 12GB OCZ DDR3 1600 \ 2X EVGA GTX480
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text:
Antioch Resident Sued After Helping Police Stop Hammer Fight
Professor Robert Weisberg, an expert in criminal law and procedure, is quoted in the Contra Costa Times on whether witnesses can be sued for making statements to police:
John Trizuto thought he was performing a civic duty when he saw two men in a fight involving a hammer last year and reported it to police. Now that deed has landed the Antioch resident in court.
The man who allegedly wielded the hammer in the incident, Paul Roberson, of Antioch, is suing Trizuto for $7,500.
Stanford law professor Robert Weisberg said he believes a judge will throw out the case because in 2004 the California Supreme Court ruled that witnesses cannot be sued for damages for making statements to police.
"If the statement was false, the person could be criminally prosecuted but not sued," Weisberg said.
Still, Trizuto said the situation is "like a kick in the stomach or something."
"I tried to pull over and do somebody a good deed," he said. "Nobody likes to have any kind of a court date hanging over them."


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Yes, I believe that is a bearded woman. These excellent images are from one of German label howitzweissbach's 2011 look books (Drei – Tatra). The collection hangs together well as a series of bold, geometric designs flirting with Bauhaus colours, while the bearded woman is an excellently perfect Movember inspiration (for both male and female tache growing). The rest of their site makes for fun perusing too – well curated and full of great visual references.
Further reading:


text:
Abstract available in
Claims available in
Description (OCR text may contain errors)
Nov. 11, 1969 E. P. www 3,477,536
Nv. ll, 1969 E. P. CARINI 3,477,536-
ELECTRIC DRIVE SYSTEM United States Patent O v 3,477,536 ELECTRIC DRIVE SYSTEM 1 Eugene P. Carini, Andover, Coun., assignor to Energy Systems, Inc., Andover, Conn., a corporation of Connecticut Filed Sept. 21, 1967, Ser. No. 669,536 Y Int. Cl. B60k 1/00,F16h 37 06; H02k 7/00 U.S. Cl. 180-65v 4 Claims ABSTRACT oF THE DISCLOSURE BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the invention The present invention relates to an electric drive system. More particularly, the present invention is directed tothe electrical propulsion of rotating members. Accordingly, the general objects of the present invention are to provide new and improved methods and apparatus of such character.
Description of the prior art While not limited thereto in its utility, the present invention is particularly well suited for. use in the driving of vehicles. Recentvconcern over air pollution has resulted in renewed interest in electrically propelled vehicles. Past as well as present efforts to develop an electrically propelled vehicle have met with little success. The major problem which has hampered efforts to advance .the state of the art consists of the low eiciency of the available drive systems. This problem manifests itself in terms of a limited operating range for electrically propelled vehicles.
The power source for anelectrically propelled vehicle of the type which is independent of rails or overhead conductors -must of necessity be a device for converting chemical energy to electrical energy. While such a conversion device could be a fuel cell, eiforts to date have been directed towards use of banksof wet cell-type batte'ries as povver sources. for such vehicle-s. Current may be drawn from a bank of `batteries for but a limited period of time before recharging of the batteries becomes necessary. In order to increase this time period and thus to increase-the range of the vehicle, the efliciency of the drive system which converts electrical power to torque andl delivers the thus Igenerated ,torque to the drawing wheels must increase. f The prior art electrical drive system typically comprised a stationary hub mounted electric motor which, by means of belts or gearing operatively connected to the motor-outputshaft, caused the wheel to be driven about the hub orraxle. As noted above, such prior art drive system are relatively ineflicient and thus draw excessive p'wer from the batteries. Y
.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIO The present invention overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art by providing an electric drive of improved eiciency. The drive system of the present invention comprisesa plurality of electric motor prime movers which are mounted on and rotate with a drive Wheel or other rotating member. By aixing plural prime movers about Miice and adjacent the periphery of a rotating member, the member may be balanced and its rotating mass increased. The increase in mass produces a ily wheel eiect which, once the member is set into rotation, results in a reduction of the power necessary to maintain rotation. Similarly, since driving torque is applied to the mem-ber about its periphery, power requirements are reduced and, in a vehicular application, the range of the vehicle employing the system is thereby increased.
The output shafts of the plural prime movers of the present invention are coupled to the stationary hub or axle about which the member rotates through a suitable drive system. The drive system may, for example, comprise either a xed gear which engages gearing coupled to the drive shafts of the motors whereby the motors drive themselves around the fixed gear. Alternatively, the drive system may comprise a iixed position, plural groove pulley which is engaged by V-belts which also contact pulleys coupled to the drive shafts of each of the motors whereby the motors drive themselves about the xed position pulley rby means of the belts.
The present invention also comprises means for transmitting electric power to the plural motors, electrical circuit means for effecting lspeed control over the plural motors and circuitry which permits recharging of the batteries whi-ch comprise the power source for the system.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION `OF TH'E DRAWING The present vinvention may be better understood and ing wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements in the various figures and in which:
' FIGURE 1 is a side elevation view of a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIGURE 2 is a front view of the embodiment of FIG- UREv 1 mounted on a vehicle, the vehicle being shown in part.
FIGURE 3 is a front view of a second embodiment of vthe present invention.
FIGURE 4 is a rear view, partially in section, of a third embodiment of the present invention, the embodiment' of FIGURE 4 being especially adapted for a vehicle employing a single drive wheel.
FIGURE 5 is a schematic view of control circuitry which may be employed with -the embodiments of FIG- URES 1-4.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring now to FIGURE 1, a first embodiment of the present invention employing three primemovers 1'0, 12v and 14 is shown. Primemovers 10, 12 and 14 consist of direct current motor-generator units. The prime movers could, however, consist merely of direct current motors. Prime movers 10, 12 and k14 are rigidly mounted to the rim 16 of wheel 17 respectively by means of brackets 18, 20 and 22. As may best be seen from FIGURE 2, the motor-generators 10, 12 and 14 pass through the wheel and thus, in the case of the spoked Wheel shown, displace several of the spokes 24. In order to preserve the structural integrity of the wheel and to provide further support for the prime movers, motor-generators lll),` 12 and 14 are also supported by respective support struts 26, 28 and 30. The support struts extend from the motor housings to hub 32 which rotates about the vehicle axle 34 on bearings, not shown. v
As may be seen from FIGURE 2, the output shafts of the motors of prime movers 10, 12 and 14 are, in the embodiment of FIGURES 1 and 2, of dilferent length. Thus, the output shaft 36 of prime mover 12 is comparatively short, the output shaft, not shown, of prime mover -10 is of intermediate length and output shaft 38 of prime mover 14 is comparatively long. A pulley 40 is keyed or otherwise secured to shaft 36 of prime mover 12, a pulley 42 is similarly secured to output shaft 38 of prime mover 14 and a third pulley, not shown, is secured to the output shaft of prime mover 10.
A pulley member 44 having three grooves therein is secured to axle 34. The grooves in pulley member 44 are respectively aligned lwith the pulleys aixed to the output shafts of prime movers 10, 12 and 14. Driving connection is made between the motor output shafts and the vehicle axle by means of three V-belts 46, 48 and 50 which respectively pass around pulleys 40, 42 and the pulley on the output shaft of prime mover and the grooves in pulley member 44 which are aligned vertically with said grooves.
Stationary axle 34 is attached at its inner end to a frame member 52 and the vehicle is suspended above frame member 52 by any suitable cushioning means, a pair of springs 54-54 being shown adjacent the drive wheel in FIGURE 2.
Power inthe form of current from a battery bank, not shown in FIGURES 1 and 2, is delivered to the motors comprising motor generators 10, 12 and 14 by conventional slip-ring structure, not shown, which is mounted about the exterior or rotating hub 32 on an insulating member. The brushes and brush holders for the slip-ring assembly are suspended from stationary pulley member 44. The output from the generator portions of the three prime movers will, in the usual instance, be alternating current which will be transmitted from the wheel back t'D the power source, for purposes to be discussed below, by a brush commutator assembly, now shown, which bridges the rotating gap between the hub and axle.
The embodiment of FIGURES 1 and 2 operates as follows: Upon energization of the motors, the output shafts of prime movers 10, -12 and 14 begin to turn thus rotating the pulleys af'lxed thereto. However, due to the large area of contact between belts 46, 48 and 50 and the grooves in pulley member 44, the rotation of the pulleys on the motor output shafts does not result in slippage of the V-belts, Instead, the motor shaft pulleys,k such as pulleys 40 and 42, drive themselves around stationary pulley member 44, the motor shaft pulleys traveling on belts 46, 48 and 50. In one test apparatus, the belts traveled two inches for each complete rotation of the Wheel. The travel of the prime movers 10, 12 and 14 about stationary pulley member 44, of course, results in the driving of the wheel about axle 34. Since the wheel is driven adjacent its outer diameter, and further since the mass of the motors is added to that of the wheel and the motors are rigidly mounted adjacent the periphery of the wheel, a y wheel effect is achieved and, once set into rotation, minimum power is required to keep the wheel in motion. The decrease in the power requirements for maintaining motion reduces the power drain on the electric power source for the drive system, and thus increases the range of the vehicle.
Referring now to FIGURE 5, the electrical circuitry for la preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown schematically. Power for the drive system comprising the present invention preferably comprises a pair of battery banks 60 and 62. Battery banks 60 and 62 may each consist of a plurality of rechargeable batteries which may be connected either in series, parallel 'or series-parallel depending on the needs of the system. In the embod ment being described, the negative terminals of batteries 60 and 62 are connected to ground while the positive llerminals of the batteries are connected, via ganged switches 64 and 66, to opposite sides of a voltage sensitive relay 68. Voltage sensitive relay 68 may be either an electromechanical device which operates the two pair of double pole-double throw contacts 70-72 when the voltage of eitherI battery falls below that of the other by a preset amount. Alternatively, voltage sensitive relay 68 may be a solid state switching network. As shown in FIGURE 5,
4 f i ganged switches 64-66 have been closed and currentvs being delivered to the load via the closed contacts of lower pair of contacts 72 of voltage sensitive relay 68 thus indicating that the voltage across battery 62 has not fallen below the voltage across battery 60 by a preselected percentage of the normal battery output voltage. y
With the circuit of FIGURE 5 in the condition shown, current from battery bank 62 is delivered, via switch 66 and the closed pair of contacts 72 of relay 68, to a reverse switch 74 and thence to a speed control 76. Reversing switch 74 controls, in the manner well known in the art, the direction of current flow through the field windings of the prime movers thereby determining the direction of rotation of the motors. Speed control 76 may be any well known device for electrically varying the speed of the motors. If desired or necessary, a control voltage may be tapped olf one of the generators and fed back to speed control 76 to automatically maintain a desired speed regardless of changes in load as might be experienced when the vehicle encounters a grade. While only a single motor has been shown connected to speed control 76, it is to be understood that typically the current passed by speed control 76 will be delivered to each of the plurality of. motors by means of the commutator arrangement which is interposed between the speed control and motors. Depending upon the requirements of the vehicle, the motors themselves may be either series, shunt or compound type direct current motors and the motors may be connected either in series or parallel across speed control 76.
As shown in FIGURE 5, the generator portions of the prime movers are mechanically connected to and driven by the motor portions thereof. The generators will produce alternating current which will be converted to direct current by means of a rectifier 78. A voltage regula tor 80 is connected, via contacts of voltage sensitive relay 68 to the positive terminal of the battery which is not supplying power to the load. This is battery 60 with the circuit in the condition shown in FIGURE 5. Should battery 60 have previously been partially discharged, the contacts of the switch in voltage regulator 80 will be closed and the direct current produced by rectifier 78 will be delivered to battery 60 to thereby cause recharging of the battery.
The switching between batteries 60 and 62 under the control of voltage sensitive relay 68 coupled with the partial regeneration or recharging of the battery which is not delivering current to the load, as achieved through the action of voltage regulator 480, prolongs the life of the batteries and thus permits a vehicle range considerably greater than previously obtainable. Tests have shown that maximum battery life is obtained if relay 68 is set to operate when the voltage of the battery supplying current to the load drops below that of the other battery by not more than 10%. Voltage sensitive relay 68 must, of course, have a built-in time delay so that the relay will not operate at the time of start up of the motors.
For some applications, particularly' where the high starting torque of a series wound motor is desired, a belt drive such as shown in FIGURES 1 and 2 has certain disadvantages. Under these conditions, the rim mounted motors may be driven about a stationary gear. Such a system is depicted in FIGURE 3 wherein the motor output shaft pulleys of the embodiment of FIGURES 1 and 2 have been replaced by drive gears 90` and 92 and the stationary pulley member has been replaced by an externally toothed ring gear 94. Itis worthy of note that the embodiment of FIGURE 3 employs only a pair of motors 96 and 98 rather than the three motors of the embodiment of FIGURES 1 and 2.
Referring now to FIGURE 4, a drive system particularly well suited for a vehicle having a single drive wheel is shown. The embodiment of FIGURE 4,' like thatqf FIGURE 3, employs a gear rather than belt drive. Unlike the FIGURE 3 embodiment, however, the embodiment of FIGURE 4 employs four drive motors, three of which 100, 102 and 104 are shown. Motors 100, 10-2 and 104 respectively have gears 106, 108 and 110 aiixed to their output shafts. Drive gears 106 and 108 engage an internally toothed ring gear 112 which is attached to the left hand member of the drive wheel support fork 114. Similarly, drive gear 110 engages a stationary, in-
yternally toothed ring gear 116 which is afxed to the right hand member of wheel support fork 114. Thus, in the FIGURE 4- embodiment, a pair of motor drives from each side of the wheel and a planetary gear drive system is employed.
While preferred embodiments have been shown and described, various modifications and substitutions may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is to be understood that the present invention has been described by Way of illustration and not limitation.
What is claimed is:
1. A drive system for a land vehicle comprising:
a driven wheel, said wheel being in contact with the terrain over which the vehicle is to travel;
at least three electric motors aixed to said Wheel at a plurality of points about and adjacent to the periphery thereof;
stationary axle means about which said wheel rotates;
means for transmitting torque from said motors to said axle means whereby said wheel and motors rotate about said axle means.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said torque transmitting means comprises:
a stationary pulley aixed to said axle, said pulley having a number of grooves equal to the number of electric motors;
pulleys affixed to the output shafts of each of said electric motors; and
belts extending from each of said motor shaft pulleys and an associated groove in said stationary pulley.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said torque transmitting means comprises:
a stationary ring gear with internal teeth affixed to said axle; and
a drive gear aixed to the output shaft of each of said electric motors, said drive gears engaging said stationary gear.
4. An electric drive system for a land vehicle comprising:
a drive wheel of circular cross section, said wheel being in contact with the terrain over which the vehicle is to travel;
at least three electric motors affixed to said drive wheel at a plurality of points about and adjacent to the periphery of said drive wheel;
stationary axle means passing through the center of said drive wheel, said drive wheel being rotatable about said axle means;
a iirst rechargeable source of electrical power;
a second rechargeable source of electrical power;
voltage sensitive switch means for selectively delivering current from one of said lirst or second power sources to said motors; and
means for transmitting torque from said motors to said axle means whereby said drive wheel will rotate about said axle means.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 931,743 8/1909 Farrell 310-112 X 1,095,967 5/ 1914 Lister 290--16 1,101,201 6/1914 Linderoth 3101-67 1,258,154- 3/1918 Shepard et al. 310-112 1,284,970 11/ 1918 Anderson 1801-33 1,610,666 12/ 1926 Farrell 310h112 2,521,838 9/1950 Ertner -310-112 FOREIGN PATENTS 85,925 10/ 1921 Austria.
LEO FRIAGLIA, Primary Examiner M. L. SMITH, Assistant Examiner U.S. Cl. X.R.
Patent Citations
Referenced by
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That's why Family Events are an integral part of Book Fairs; they engage families in activities that revolve around reading.
Offer Family Events at different times of the day – before, during, and after school – to give everyone a chance to participate. And plan a separate event just for grandparents! They are a special part of your students' lives and eager to participate in school events. Offer refreshments and activities to engage everyone, and remember to allow plenty of time for shopping the Fair.
Schedule your Book Fair today and make sure to include a Family Event or two for maximum participation!
Start a GRAND tradition!
Get together students and their grandparents at your Book Fair and make it a memorable event. A Grand Event is an opportunity for grands to spend time with their grandkids and also shop the Book Fair. You can host a special breakfast or lunch, a grand show-and-tell, a grand time read-aloud, or anything you want. Some schools report that their Grand Events are often the biggest events of their Book Fair!


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Game Theory, Optimal Stopping, Probability and Statistics: Papers in Honor ...edited by F. Thomas Bruss, Lucien Marie Le Cam
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School of Research & Graduate Studies CAM Journal Club
Journal Clubs are a great way to learn about current research and evidence–based medicine. Students may enroll in journal club for ND or MSiMR program credit. Faculty, students and alumni may audit journal clubs at no cost. Please inform the instructor prior to the beginning of the term if you intend to audit.
Summer Term 2014
Topic: Pediatrics
Taught by: Carolyn Nygaard, ND | Email: email@example.com
Schedule: Mondays, 9:00-10:20am
Topic: Herbal Medicine
Taught by: Paul Kalnins, ND, LAc | Email: email@example.com
Schedule: Tuesdays, 8:30-10:20am
Fall Term 2014
Topic: Cardiology
Taught by: Carolyn Nygaard, ND | Email: email@example.com
Schedule: Tuesdays, 2:30-3:30pm; Rm. 322 (Main campus)
Additional CAM Reading Groups
OHSU CAM in Neuroscience Reading Group
Held in journal club format every first Tuesday of the month from 2:30–3:30 p.m. in room 12D03 of the Hatfield Research Center (OHSU Marquam Hill Campus). Please contact Andy Fish at email@example.com to be placed on the mailing list.
Kaiser Permanente CAM Journal Club
The Kaiser Permanente CAM Journal Club meets quarterly on Wednesday nights in March, June, September, and December. For more information contact Charles Elder at: firstname.lastname@example.com.
OCIM Integrative Medicine Lecture Series
The Oregon Collaborative for Integrative Medicine (OCIM) Lecture Series (formerly 'CAM Grand Rounds') includes a panel discussion with experts from the allopathic field, spirituality, mind–body medicine, naturopathy, chiropractic and traditional Chinese medicine. The panelists discuss their treatment approach to common health conditions for an anonymous patient's case. The OCIM Lecture Series is attended by medical and complementary health care institution faculty, residents, staff, students, patients and is open to the community. Visit www.occim.org for details.


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Due to construction, walk-in hours are limited to 10 AM - 2 PM Monday - Friday from July 6 until mid-August. Wait times will be longer and some certificates will not be available the same day.
The Oregon Vital Records office, known as the Center for Health Statistics (CHS), is where to get certified copies of birth certificates, death certificates, and other vital records in Oregon.
Oregon law requires all vital events such as birth, marriage, divorce, registered domestic partnership, dissolution of registered domestic partnership, fetal death, and death be permanently recorded and registered. These are legal records documenting a vital event. Certified copies of vital records are required to get social security benefits, a driver's license, passport, or other legal documents.
As of May 19, 2014, the U.S. District Court has issued a decision that in effect allows same-sex marriage to occur in Oregon. For more information, please see the Frequently Asked Questions page. Updated instructions to complete a marriage record are available for counties.
Vital Statistics has published preliminary data for marriages statewide in 2014 by county of issuance and sex. Preliminary data for marriages statewide in 2014 by county of occurrence and month are also available.
On June 13, 2013, Governor Kitzhaber signed House Bill 2093, which reorganizes and clarifies our vital records laws. You may read the full text of the bill at the Oregon Legislature website. You may also review the amended Oregon Administrative Rules effective January 1, 2014. Our HB 2093 Implementation site provides more information about the contents of the bill, the administrative rules created as a result, and a history of its passage.
Promoting health and preventing the leading causes of death, disease and injury in Oregon.


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Learn to build responsive websites with Foundation—the clean, simple design framework that uses integrated CSS and JavaScript.
Introduces this web design framework and provides a quick overview of all of the goodies in Foundation.
"My biggest problem is figuring out what I want to watch next. Just when I think I'm all set, I find something ELSE that is fascinating." —John O.
more from our members »


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Boom or bust, owning a home is still the key to wealth for most people, says Professor Gary Smith, who has charted a contrarian, common-sense
approach to the housing market.
By Karen E. Klein
All over the country, homeowners and would-be
home buyers are hanging back, nervously testing
the waters of the housing market: Has the bubble
truly burst? Have home prices hit bottom? When
will prices start to appreciate—and by how much?
They and their real estate agents are busy poring over sheets of "comps"—
recent sales prices for local homes that are comparable in location and square
footage to the homes they are interested in buying. They follow the fluctuations
of interest rates and home prices constantly, hoping to "time the market"
for just the right moment to make a purchase.
But they're doing it all wrong, says Gary Smith, Pomona's Fletcher Jones Professor of Economics. Instead of focusing on how much their home's value
might go up on the local market within a few months or years, homeowners should focus on their "home dividend."
In a nutshell, the annual home dividend is the owners' rent savings for a
comparable house in the same neighborhood plus their mortgage interest and
property tax deductions, minus their mortgage payment, property tax and
other homeownership costs, such as insurance and maintenance. Rents are
often higher than mortgage payments, particularly as rents increase over time
and mortgage payments stay flat (if they have fixed interest rates). The
amount saved by owning a home can be viewed as an annual dividend. And if
that dividend is invested at a reasonable rate of return, it can generate considerable
wealth for the homeowner—even if the home's market value increases
by only a small percentage each year, or not at all.
This home dividend—rather than any clever timing of the
market or short-term "house flipping"—explains why the average
homeowner has a net worth of $200,000, while the average
renter's net worth is closer to $5,000, Smith says.
The home dividend concept is at the heart of a book Smith
and his wife, certified financial planner and registered investment
advisor Margaret Hwang Smith, have recently co-written.
Houseonomics: Why Owning a Home Is Still a Great Investment
(2008, FT Press) is Smith's first book for a popular audience,
though he has written several textbooks and numerous scholarly
articles detailing his economic research in various journals.
The book relies on research the Smiths did in 10 cities,
looking at hundreds of homes for sale and rental rates for comparable
homes in the same neighborhoods. Despite the much vaunted
"housing bubble," they conclude that home prices in
cities like Dallas and Atlanta were actually too low. And while
the prices in the Bay Area city of San Mateo were clearly too
high, the research showed that average homes in Los Angeles
last year were selling at reasonable rates. "All real estate is local.
There's no U.S.-wide housing bubble and there never was,"
Smith says.
But with the book's publication coming in the midst of the
housing downturn and the foreclosure crisis, the couples' central
premise—that owning a home is nearly always a good
decision—has come under some scrutiny. "Do you still stand
by that idea?" asked a radio commentator skeptically, in an
interview shortly after the book came out. Smith replied
emphatically that he does, and went on to explain why in a
convincing fashion.
Smith is no stranger to proposing ideas that run against the
grain of popular wisdom or entrenched theories (see "The Contrarian" below). In
Houseonomics, he and Margaret explore the economics of homeownership
from a common-sense angle that nevertheless defies
the way real estate has been discussed for several decades.
Smith recognizes the disconnect, describing a presentation he
gave at a recent conference where he laid out the economic theories
behind Houseonomics and argued that the home dividend
made Indianapolis a great place to be a homeowner. But shortly
after he sat down, a prominent professor of real estate got up
and said that Indianapolis is a terrible place to buy a home
because prices only go up 2 to 4 percent a year. "Even esteemed
academics don't seem to get it," he says, shaking his head.
Houseonomics quotes a 2007 New York Times story stating
that homes have "no underlying revenue stream" upon which to
base an assumption of their true value. That's just not true,
Smith says.
The book presents a case study on a home purchase in
Fishers, Ind., an attractive suburb of Indianapolis with average
income of $80,000. Although house prices have not historically
risen meteorically in the Midwest, particularly compared to
prices in desirable locations on the coasts, even a modest appreciation
of 2 percent to 4 percent can be a terrific investment if
the home dividend is calculated.
The couple in the book buy their home in Fishers for
$135,000, with $27,000 down. Even if the home appreciation
in the area is a low 2 percent annually, Smith points out, the
house is a financial boon for the couple due to the home dividend,
which he calculates at $5,622 annually. The dividend
works out to a 21 percent after-tax return on their investment
(the down payment of $27,000), which could be favorably compared
to a boom year in the stock market.
And as rents go up, and the equity in the house increases
over years of paying off the mortgage, the home dividend continuously
gets larger. So even in an area where a home purchase
does not seem to be a good investment due to slow property
appreciation, Smith contends, it surely is.
Timing the market—whether you are waiting to buy or holding
off selling—is a risky proposition, the book contends. Wait
too long to make the plunge and it's possible that you will be
priced out of owning a home in your preferred area—not to
mention that you'll be throwing money away on monthly rent
that much longer. He advises that individuals who plan to be in
an area for at least five to seven years should buy a home as soon
as they can. Although sales closing costs may affect your home
dividend in the first year or two of homeownership, particularly
if your mortgage payments and homeownership expenses are
initially more costly than local rents, over time the purchase will
pay off handsomely.
Just as with stocks, "it's the cash flow that's important [in
homeownership], not the selling price. I want a place to live in
for five to 20 years. I don't want to be thinking about whether
the home will do well financially in a year or two," Smith says,
adding that he has no sympathy for house flippers who've lost
bucket loads of money in the current price downturn.
Money aside, even an economist can recognize the intangible,
emotional payoff of homeownership. Having a piece of
property to call your own, a place that you can remodel and
decorate and count on for shelter after you retire, is an invaluable
asset. "My parents never thought of their home as an
investment. But, like millions of others in their generation, purchasing
a home was easily the best financial decision of their
lives," Smith says.
The Contrarian
Whether it's theories about the harvest moon, common
knowledge on investing or the idea of an athlete with "hot hands,"
Professor Gary Smith has a bent for contrarian research.
Economics Professor Gary Smith
seems to have a bent for contrarian
research. It's not that he goes looking
for conventional wisdom to debunk,
it's just that his life's work is driven by his
"We look at the numbers and follow them
wherever they lead," he says—even when the
conclusions are contrary to established ideas and
accepted theories.
In one paper, Smith tested the "efficient market
hypothesis," the widely accepted notion that great
companies don't necessarily make great investments
because their well-known virtues already
have been factored into their
stock prices. Using Fortune magazine's
annual list of mostadmired
companies, Smith and
co-researcher Jeff Anderson '05
found these companies' stocks
did indeed outperform the wider
market, calling the theory into
In a similar research project,
Smith determined that a portfolio of
companies with clever, eye-catching
ticker symbols (LUV for Southwest
Airlines, MOO for United Stockyards)
also beat the market.
Why does stock picking so often flummox
even the professionals? "There are anomalies
where peculiar things go on with emotions,"
Smith says. "We [human beings]
are all about processing information—
looking at the data and thinking about
it. But there's no pure processing
because emotions and psychological
factors come into play, and emotions
influence how people process."
Smith's research has often taken
him far beyond the financial markets.
For instance, he has written
several articles disproving common
ideas about life and death.
One examined the hypothesis
that elderly Chinese-, Korean-, or
Vietnamese-American women can
prolong their lives until after the celebration
of the Harvest Moon festival.
Another article, co-written with
Heather Royer, looked at the idea that
famous people postpone their deaths until
after their birthdays.
In both cases, Smith concluded, the hypotheses
were incorrect. In fact, his birthday research
showed a relatively large number of deaths surrounding
While sometimes-sentimental beliefs about
death don't pan out, according to Smith's
research, some long-held hunches do seem to
have more going for them than superstition.
In another whimsical bit of research, with Reid
Dorsey-Palmateer, Smith discovered there may
just be something to the idea that athletes can
have "hot hands." Their analysis of professional
bowling indicated that the probability of rolling a
strike is not independent of previous outcomes,
and that the number of strikes rolled varies more
between games than can be explained by chance
Does that mean that athletes really do get
"hot hands"? Well, maybe, Smith says: "It turns
out that the idea of getting on a hot streak really
does work, at least a little bit. As humans, we're
pre-disposed to looking for patterns [where they
might not exist] but we're also likely to undervalue
the influence of luck."


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Epson Ultra-Short Throw Wall Mount - Mounting kit ( cable cover, mounting plate, telescopic extension arm ) for projector - wall-mountable - for PowerLite 470, 475W, 480, 485W
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Product Blog
The VersionOne Product Blog is an insider's view into our product and how it benefits you. You'll see posts from our product owners, development team and product experts to name a few. Get unique perspectives on new releases, tips and tricks for beginners to power users, customer case studies and glimpses into life at VersionOne.Read Now
Agile Management Blog
Our Agile Management blog offers insight from various members of the VersionOne team about their experiences with Agile Development and software delivery. The team members who contribute their opinions and thoughts have experience in both Agile and traditional software development and are free of strict posting guidelines. Whether it's wisdom or wisecracks, our intent is to offer new ideas, perspectives or suggestions - and to hear yours as well.Read Now
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You know us as the company that makes the agile development and project management tool, but have you ever wondered how the company that makes the agile tool goes about developing said agile tool? Have you ever wanted to know more about the passionate, crazy-smart (and sometimes just crazy) people who put their hearts and souls into building kick-ass products for our customers? We're a group who likes to experiment, learn and teach; and as we do so, we'll share some of those experiences here. If you've ever been curious about what agile development looks like at the company that is all about making agile development easier, then this is the blog for you.Read Now


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By Army Sgt. 1st Class C. Joel PeavySpecial to American Forces Press Service
BAGRAM AIRFIELD, Afghanistan, Oct. 21, 2008 As a gentle wind swept across the tops of the overgrown stalks of vegetation here, the beauty masked the field's true nature. Beneath the stalks of reeds lies a minefield, and in the middle of the field is a creek that floods annually.
Coyote Creek, largely ignored for the past six years, runs across the north end of Bagram and is the primary source of water for two villages that hug a chunk of perimeter on opposite ends of the air field.
To solve a variety of issues posed by the field and the creek, the Mine Action Center here planned a controlled burn of exactly 39,725 square meters of dense brush and overgrowth using incendiary grenades, said Army Sgt. 1st Class Jason Blunck, the MAC's operations noncommissioned officer.
"We have it mapped out and are logging the time and location of each grenade thrown," said Blunck, a Forsyth, Ill., native. "Using incendiary grenades lets us monitor each area as we begin to burn. If one area starts to burn too rapidly or looks like it's about to cause an inferno, we can control it better with the fire department here."
Burning this large swath of land began as a response to local villagers' concerns raised through the Bagram Provincial Reconstruction Team and elevated to the base commander's attention.
Maj. David Bergman, an Australian army officer and the MAC's officer in charge, said he took this chance to solve what amounted to several problems once all of the stages had been planned.
"The village to the west of Bagram gets flooded each wet season because the creek is backed up with six years worth of silt," Bergman said, pointing to a map with highlighted areas indicating active mine fields and cleared mine fields on Bagram. "East of us, the village suffers from drought conditions each year."
Bergman said a culvert that has metal grates on both sides clogs up from the silt and other debris that has drifted downstream each wet season.
"Once we began looking into the problems raised during a meeting with the village elders, we found out this project would have several effects," Bergman explained. All of the effects are positive for all parties involved.
"They thought we were purposely blocking the water so it would flood one village and cause drought problems in the other," he said. "What they didn't know is that we have our own problem with it here on [Bagram Airfield]."
That problem, he said, is a major concern to commanders at all levels for medical, morale and living-condition issues. The north end of the base floods each year in the wet season, Blunck said. "That makes it rough on the troops, and really hard on us to do our mission at the same time," he added.
The MAC hasn't been able to clear this small piece of real estate, a precious commodity on a military base, so units can use it to increase mission capability or even build living areas. But by burning off the vegetation and undergrowth, the MAC will now be able to use its mine-clearing teams to the fullest extent and in the safest environment.
"Mechanical clearing of this area hasn't been accomplished yet," Australian Gunnery Sgt. Brian Lee said. "The plan is to burn this area off, then the teams can clear the area with their mine detectors."
Though more time-consuming, he explained, using the troop-on-the-ground method is preferred over mechanical clearing in de-mining operations. The burn, he said, will allow troops to navigate the area safely and thoroughly with mine detectors.
"Once the troops get done with their sweep, we can bring in the explosive dogs," Lee said. "If the dogs go in and certify the area, then we can hand out the certificate, which is what everyone wants." The certificate allows a unit to claim the land, submit work proposals and begin using the land without fear of setting off a mine.
"We have people stalking us almost, or even becoming squatters, waiting on that certificate," Lee said.
Because of the benefits the controlled burn would provide, the team wasted no time. Bergman watched with troops from the Explosive Hazardous Coordination Cell as the first grenade was tossed to start the blaze. Just 30 minutes later, three-quarters of the job was complete.
"It's burning good," Lee said. "The fire is headed [away from the original location] to the flightline. You may see the coyote run out, too. He came across here earlier."
Bagram doesn't have a problem with animals or animal control, but as Lee predicted, a coyote did come running down one of the trails that led from the flightline to the creek head. A trail of dust clouds followed behind it, each one marked with a small poof in the air as the animal ran for cover in the thick brush.
The EHCC team lofted about 30 incendiary grenades into the cordoned-off area. Each grenade was documented, then monitored for several minutes to see if the immediate area would catch fire.
Most of the grenades were on target and created the conditions the team wanted. A few near the creek head, however, didn't get the job done.
"I'm disappointed that the grenade I threw went out," Australian army Sgt. Lisa Tucker said after the device sputtered out in what appeared to be a large puddle hidden in the brush. But otherwise, all went well.
"There were no incidents, the wind cooperated and the burn was nice and slow," Blunck said. "[It] didn't take off like an inferno, like we thought it would."
Bergman said that if the burn hadn't been conducted now, it would have had to wait for summer because of the harsh Afghan winter.
"We aren't going in right away to de-mine the creek bed, because we only have until the middle of November," he said. "So we are going to send in the armored machinery to pull all of the trash and build-up out of the creek bed to allow for a natural water flow."
With the quick fix being a return to normal water flow, the long-term fix is more involved and requires planning on the coalition's part and maintenance on the Afghans' part, he said.
"We will be able to build in retaining basins and better irrigation points next spring," Bergman said. "We just don't foresee [having] the time to do it now."
Once the water flow problem is fixed, Lee said, the Afghan people will have to make sure the trash is cleaned out of the ditches and the water continues to flow.
About an hour and a half was all that was needed to begin the process of alleviating six years of problems. Now, the MAC and other engineers can start work on what needs to be done until winter halts their progress.
(Army Sgt. 1st Class C. Joel Peavy serves in the Combined Joint Task Force 101 Public Affairs Office.)


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It's been called the "nuclear" option.
On Monday afternoon a coalition of education groups called on the Philadelphia School District to bypass negotiations and unilaterally impose new contract terms on the district's teachers.
The groups, led by Philadelphia School Partnership and PennCAN, specifically want the district to do away with teachers' union seniority provisions that give teachers with more years of experience their preference among available positions.
Instead, these advocates say the district should implement a system of 100 percent "mutual consent," where principals and prospective teachers agree on every new placement. This system — referred to within the district as "site selection" — is already in place in 169 of the district's 212 schools.


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The Columbia City Lady Eagle basketball team recently held its end-of-season banquet. Award winners include, from left: Sarah Opliger, most steals, most assists, Defensive Award, second team all-NHC; Emily Whiteleather, most rebounds, second team all-NHC; Samara Qureshi, Lady Eagle Integrity Award; Macie Hinen, best field goal percentage, best free throw percentage.
Olivia Shearer, daughter of Columbia City Girls Basketball Head Coach Amy Shearer and former Churubusco athlete Chad Shearer, was the sole local hoopster to advance to the Elks Hoop-Shoot Indiana State Finals. Shearer placed fourth in her age group (age 10-11) at New Castle.
WATERLOO — "I love these guys. I love the way they play," Columbia City Head Basketball Coach Chris Benedict said after the sectional semi-final win over North Side.
The Eagles came back from a 47-40 deficit late in the third quarter to win 66-56 over the Redskins Friday night at DeKalb.
"I think they found themselves," Benedict said. "When they stay together they have a chance to be a really good team."
Columbia City senior Drew Burnsworth stole the momentum in the final seconds of the third quarter, scoring two buckets and leading the Eagles to the win.
COLUMBIA CITY — Head Coach of the Indiana Tech Soccer Team David Bokhart has a relatively experienced team coming back for another year on the field in 2012.
As with all collegiate athletics however, turnover is a way of life. Bokhart was at Columbia City High School to help with that turnover.
Senior Nathan Wilz signed his letter of intent Thursday with Bokhart, his parents Joe and Kris Wilz, and Athletic Director Geoff Penrod.
OSSIAN — After beating Eastbrook 66-29 Tuesday night in the first round of the IHSAA boys Class 3A sectional, Whitko faces Heritage Friday night at Norwell.
The Wildcats had three players score in double digits Tuesday, led by Logan Irwin with 27.Irwin knocked down three 3-pointers and tallied 10 points in the third quarter.
Alex Stoddard and Trey Weber had 11 points a piece. The Wildcats took a 21-9 lead in the first eight minutes.Stoddard and Weber combined for 12 of Whitko's first-quarter points.
BERNE—Thirty-nine points for Adams Central meant 100 wins for Head Coach Aaron McClure, who picked up his 100th victory in Tuesday's sectional opener against 'Busco.
In the opening game of the South Adams Class 2A sectional, Churubusco's deliberate, defensive-oriented style wasn't enough to overcome the Flying Jets, who won 39-34.
The game was knotted at 30 when Central's Maverick Baumer hit what McClure called the most important shot of the night — a 3-pointer over 6-foot-7 Eagle Tyler Arrowsmith with 2:36 on the clock.
WATERLOO — After suffering a one-point loss earlier this season to the Barons, the Columbia City boys basketball team exacted revenge Tuesday night in Waterloo, winning 47-40 and advancing to the sectional semi-finals Friday night.
The semi-final game against North Side is scheduled for 6 p.m. The Eagles took a 14-8 lead in the first quarter with Derek Hinen scoring all six of his points in the first eight minutes.
INDIANAPOLIS — Columbia City's standout performance in the post-season came to an end Friday at the swimming state finals in Indianapolis.
The Eagles broke six school records at sectionals and advanced to state in three events.
Senior Cole Smith participated in three events in Indianapolis, the 50- and 100-yard freestyle and the 200-yard freestyle relay.
Smith broke his own school record, set at sectionals, in the 50 free with a time of 21.76.
Smith was seeded 28th going into the meet and improved to finish 19th.
SOUTH WHITLEY — The Wildcat basketball team played the final five minutes only putting two points on the scoreboard Friday night, falling to Northwood (9-11) 45-39.
With a 33-30 lead to start the fourth quarter, Whitko was nearly scoreless while the Panthers tacked on 15 points in the last eight minutes to take the win.
The score doesn't adequately display the seven lead changes and three-point margins throughout much of the game.
COLUMBIA CITY — The seniors — along with the rest of the Columbia City basketball team — are heading into the tourney having finished their regular season with a win.
The Eagles beat the visiting Fort Wayne Concordia 64-55 on senior night, the final regular season contest of the season for the twelfth graders.
"Those guys are all amazing," said junior Derek Hinen. "We have a special bond with each one of those guys; in a system like Columbia City's I think you get to know each other better than a lot of other system's in the state."


text:
Step 1: Supplies
-Duct tape: I used just over one roll for my friend, who is pretty tiny. You should probably have at least two or three rolls on hand.
-Shirt or plastic garbage bag (person sized): Whichever of these you use, it should be as long as you want your dress form to be tall
-Clothes hanger
-Newspaper: lots for stuffing. I used almost two whole newspapers from Thanksgiving, so they were even fuller than usual.
-Permanent marker/pen that can write on duct tape
-A friend
-Sewing pins
-Tape measure
Step 2: Prepare your model
If you're using a shirt to make this dress form (Note: it will get cut and become one with the form), skip to the next step. If you're using a plastic bag, tun it upside down and cut a hole in the bottom just big enough for your model's head to fit through. Have her pull the bag over her head so you can judge how big & where you need to cut your armholes. Cut circles in the bag where your model will put her arms through. Try to keep the arm holes as close-fitting to your model's arm size as possible, as this will make constructing your dress form easier later on.
***This is a good time to pause for a trip to the bathroom. Soon your model will not be able to sit or move around easily without possibly damaging the dress form in progress.***
Where the trashbag ripped or did not cover, we put sheets of plastic cling wrap, it worked very well.
Instead of newspaper, we stuffed the dress form with our huge collection of recyclable plastic grocery bags (like you get at Walmart, Target, etc.), which worked nicely, since we had no newspaper on hand. If you're going to do it this way, though, make sure you have at least a large trashbag full of the bags first.
I made one of these after buying an online pattern but since my daughter would not be a part of the action, I was unable to pull the duct tape really tight around my body. What I ended up with was a ginormous torso of me! (I was scared).
If you keep your duct tape REALLY tight on your model's body (unable to breathe tight), you can get a pretty accurate and unique measure of someone you will be sewing for! Or, your alteration instructions are really good too.
Way to go for all the seamstresses in the world!!!!
It's good, but what's it like to wear for an evening?


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Abstract available in
Claims available in
Description (OCR text may contain errors)
Oct. 10, 1967 F. J. SERGEYS ETAL 3,345,328
METHOD OF TREATING EXHAUST GASES 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed March 30, 1967 2E m 9 x V 5533 ooio u $53238 ob ow om ow om ON 9 oo 9 5 238 J59 ON a om 5328 05 28 @9620; 209:6
I on 5 58 4S9 ow & l om 3 58 59 oh u I: 8 I] ow NOISHBANOD acxxomow NOSHVD m 0 L mm 5% EEPMGA GHmD WAR: BM J K $v EPWC Oct. 10, 1967 F. J. SERGEYS ETAL 3,346,328
METHOD OF TREATING EXHAUST GASES I 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed March 30, 1967 NOE $9 65553 oQ 3 z5 5 R 8 cm ow om ON 9 0 1| 9 0 230m 44.6.? Ow R NOISHBANOD NOGHVDOHCIAH INVENTORS F. J. SERGEYS P. K. MAH ER W. C
S. BRIGGS .V. Mc DANIEL United States Patent METHGD 0F TREATING EXHAUST GASES Francis J. Sergeys, 9917 E. Bexhill Drive, Kensington,
Md. 20795; ihilip K. Maher, 107 Ridgewood Road,
Baltimore, Md. 21210; Warren S. Briggs, 705 Brantford Road, Silver Spring, Md. 20904; and Carl V.
McDaniel, 1513 Crestview Drive, Laurel, Md. 20310 Filed Mar. 30, 1967, Ser. No. 627,226 4 Claims. (Cl. 23-2) ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A process for removing the noxious components from the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines by contacting the gases with a metal catalyst upon a zeolitic base wherein a substantial portion of the metal is present as metal oxide. The balance of the metal is contained in the zeolite structure as metal ions.
This application is a continuation-in-part of application 296,105 filed July 18, 1963, and now abandoned. This invention relates to a new catalyst composition and method for its preparation. In one particular embodiment, it relates to an oxidation catalyst having unusual selectivity and activity characteristics for the conversion of noxious components of the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines to innocuous entities.
There has been a substantial amount of publicity in recent years on the problem of air pollution. One of the principal causes of air pollution is exhaust from internal combustion engines both automobiles and buses, trucks, etc. that use diesel powered engines. All conceivable approaches have been investigated in order to find some method for reducing the undesirable contaminants from these exhaust gases and to lessen the air pollution.
It is recognized that the most suitable method for reducing pollution would be to oxidize the air contaminants before they leave the automobile to harmless carbon dioxide. Up to the present time, an extremely eflicient catalyst for this purpose which has the necessary activity as well as the desired stability under operating conditions has not been found.
We have found that a catalyst which has unusual selectivity and activity for oxidation of the hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and other harmful components of auto exhaust can be prepared using a copper catalyst on a crystalline alumino-silicate base, wherein the copper is present as both the exchanged cupric ion and copper oxide. This catalyst is suitable either alone or as a promoter in other catalytic combinations.
Our new catalyst is prepared using a crystalline zeolite as the basic building block. Zeolites are crystalline metal aluminosilicates with a three-dimensional structure of silica and alumina tetrahedra. The charge of the anionic alumino-silicate network of the zeolite is most often balanced by non-active cations such as H+, NH substituted ammonium, alkali, or alkaline earth metal cations.
By both cation exchange treating these zeolites with catalytically active metal ions and also depositing a portion of the metal ions as the oxide in the internal adsorption area, we are able to produce a very active and selective oxidation catalyst. Further by varying the amount of metal ion and the relative equivalent ratio of exchanged metal ion to deposited metal oxides, we are able to vary the activity and selectivity of the catalyst to meet the demands of the particular exhaust gas composition to be oxidized.
Both natural and synthetic zeolites are suitable for our product. Suitable examples of natural zeolites include faujasite, erionite, chabazite and mordenite. Synthetic zeolites which have been found suitable include, for example, those zeolites designated type A, type X, type Y, and type L by the Linde Division of Union Carbide Corporation.
In addition, synthetic sodalite and synthetic mordenite types of zeolites also give satisfactory results. The approximate gross compositions of these synthetic zeolites and their pore sizes are set out in the table below:
TABLE I Zeolite Approx. Gross Composition Pea S)ize MO :AlzOazZSiOzXHzO 3-5 M2O:Al2O3:23SiO2:XHO 9-13 Mz/uO :AlzOazS-fiSiOzzxH2O 913 M2/noIAl203I2-10SlO2ZXH2O 2-3 p M2/n0:AlzO3:2-1OSiO2:XHzO Mordenlte Mz/ o:A1203I8-12Sl021X-Hz0 6-10 where M is a metal cation (normally in the original prepared state Na) and n is its valence; and x is a function of the degree of dehydration and normally ranges between 0 to 9.
The active metal cations are present in the zeolite either as exchange elements or as the metal oxides. Additional desirable characteristics are imparted to the product by loading the internal adsorption area with metal oxides. The active metal ions or oxides include those of the elements copper, cobalt, nickel, chromium, manganese, vanadium, molybdenum, Group VIII metals, yttrium and the rare earths. The preferred catalyst is prepared to contain cupric ions by exchange With a cupric salt and copper oxide by conversion of the cupric salt deposited within the pores of the zeolite. The amount of metal ions and metal oxide used is determined by the particular use intended for the finished catalyst.
In the preparation of a catalyst containing copper, for instance, the characteristics for carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon conversion can be substantially altered by altering a portion of or all of copper present as Cu++ to CuO. In preparing these catalysts, for example, by using the copper salts as the source of the active metal or metal oxides, catalysts have been prepared in which from 5 to of the sodium ions in the zeolite have been replaced with active metal ions and with varying amounts of active metal oxide interstitially held in the pores. Catalysts containing up to 16% copper ion in the zeolite structure and up to 30% CuO present in the pores have been prepared with excellent results.
Since the copper ion plays an important part in bydrocarbon conversion while copper oxide is an influential factor in carbon monoxide conversion, it is desirable to have some of the copper present as the ion and some as the oxide. This phenomenon facilitates the preparation of a catalyst selective to convert hydrocarbons and/ or carbon monoxide preferentially, depending on the type of engine and fuel being used.
The method for preparing the initial zeolite is not part of this invention. A satisfactory method for preparing type A molecular sieve is disclosed in US. Patent 2,882,243. Similarly the preparation of type X molecular sieve is described in US. Patent 2,882,244, while type Y and its method of preparation is described in US. Patent 3,130,- 007. In general, these processes consist of mixing a source of silica, a source of alumina and sodium hydroxide or other basic reagents, allowing the mixture to age where appropriate and finally heating at elevated temperature until the zeolite crystallizes. When a zeolite is desired in some form other than the one in which it is prepared, an additional step is included to place the zeolite in the desired form, such as the hydrogen, ammonium, etc. form.
3 FIGURE 1 is aplot of the oxidation conversion of carbon monoxide present in an exhaust gas as a function of CuO content of the catalyst.
FIGURE 2 is a plot of the oxidation conversion of hydrocarbon present in an exhaust gas as a function of Cu ion content of the catalyst.
The process of preparing the catalyst of the instant invention consists of starting with a natural zeolite or a synthetic zeolite prepared by one of the processes described above, treating the zeolite with an aqueous solution of a salt of the desired active metal for a time necessary to effect the desired ion exchange. Any desired portion of the active metal ions is then converted to an active oxide by treatment with an appropriate alkaline solution such as sodium hydroxide. The product is finally filtered, Washed and calcined. The time for treatment of the zeolite with the salt solution to elfect the desired exchange is determined by the concentration of salt solution used and the ease with which the particular zeolite undergoes exchange. The concentration of the salt solution is not critical. The maximum concentration possible in each case can be determined -from the solubility of the particular salt employed.
The exchange reaction, which occurs at ambient temperature, can be carried out in any suitable manner. For example, the zeolite can be stirred in an aqueous solution of the salt or the salt solution can be poured through a -column packed with the zeolite.
Following the exchange reaction, the zeolite is washed well with water and a base, such as sodium hydroxide, is added to the slurry. This step controls the ratio of Cu++ to OuO in the product. By the addition of a suitable amount of base, the product can be made to contain the desired proportions of Cu++ and CuO. After the treatment with the base, the product is filtered, washed with water and dried for several hours at about 110 C. After drying, the product is calcined between 650 and 1100 F. for 2 to 1-8 hours.
In some cases it may be desirable to increase the amount of copper present beyond the amount that would be normally exchanged. This is done by repeatedly contacting the zeolite with a strong solution of the inorganic metal salt, washing and adding sodium hydroxide to convert the desired proportion of copper to copper oxide.
The activity of our product as a catalyst for hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide conversion is measured by determining its activity index. The activity index is determined by measuring the area under an activity curve in the range of average catalyst temperatures, 350 850 F., and. then calculating what percentage of this area constitutes the area under the idea activity curve. Ideal activity is defined as 100% conversion throughout this temperature range. Thus, the activitymay vary from 0 which indicates no activity to 100 which would indicate so-called ideal activity,
Our invention will be further illustrated by the following specific but non-limiting examples.
Example I Na al-n 0,:s-ssio znn o pore size 9-13 Angstroms) in the sodium form was placed in 2 liters of the copper chloride solution and stirred for 5 days. Once each day the solution was removed by decantation and replaced with fresh solution. The product was filtered, washed with water, dried for 2 hours at. 110 (3., and then calcined at 650 F. for 2 hours.
The product was submitted for chemical analysis. The results are shown below:
Total volatiles "percent" 15.55 Na O (dry basis) do 3.96 A1 0 (dry basis) do 20.56 SiO (dry basis) do 58.24 Total copper (as CuO) do 16.54 Surface area m. /g 546 Pore volume cc./g 0.42 Pore diameter A 31 Standard analytical methods were used for determining the percentage of soda, alumina, silica, and copper in the product. Surface area and pore volume were determined using the standard Brunauer-Emmett-Teller nitrogen adsorption method. Average pore diameter was calculated from these results. Total volatiles are determined by heating a weighed sample for /2 hour at 1750 F. and then reweighing.
Example [I In this example, the sodium form of the zeolite Z-l4I-IS Was used as starting material.
The sodium form of the zeolite was converted into the ammonium form by treating it with NH C1. The ammonium chloride solution was prepared by mixing 12 pounds of ammonium chloride with the minimum amount of deionized water necessary for complete solution. A total of 7 pounds (3.5 lbs., dry basis) of Z-14HS Na was column exchanged in the ammonium chloride solution. The zeolite contained 3.6% Na O after the exchange was completed.
One half (3.5 lbs.) of the ammonium exchanged zeolite was then treated with an aqueous solution containing g. of CuCl The mixture was stirred for 24 hours, then washed, filtered, and the product, which was green in color, dried at 110 C. for 2 hours. It was then calcined at 1000 F. for 6 hours. The calcined zeolite retained the original green color.
Analytical results, determined as described in Example I, are shown below:
-percent..- 24.56
Example 111 The remaining half of the ammonium exchanged zeolite prepared in Example II was used to prepare the catalyst in this run.
A column was packed with the zeolite material and 5.5 liters of a 1 molar CuCl solution poured through over a period of 2 days. The material was then filtered,
washed with deionized Water and calcined at 1000 F. for 2 /2 hours.
Chemical analysis of this product showed the following results:
'Total volatiles -percent 5.31 Na O (dry basis) do 2.04 A1 0 (dry basis) do 20.97 S10 (dry basis) do- 58.71 Tota l copper (as CuO) do 15.82 Surface area m. /g 463 Pore volume cc./g 0.3 3 Pore diameter A 29 Water adsorption at 10% relative humidity "percent" 20.33
In this run the catalyst was prepared to contain both active metal ions (Cu++) and CuO in the pores of the zeolite.
A total of 1 /2 pounds of wet Z-14HS-NH was placed in a column and 2.75 liters of an aqueous 1 molar CuCl solution poured through over an 8 hour period. The material was then washed Well with deionized water, filtered and reslurried. An aqueous solution containing 10 grams of NaOH was added to the slurry and mixed well. The material was again filtered, washed and calcined at 1000 F. for 3 hours.
Results of analytical tests performed on the product are shown below:
Na O percent 5.78 Total copper (as CuO) do 14.81 Surface area m. /g 495 Pore volume cc./g 0.36 Pore diameter A 29 Water adsorption at 10% relative humidity percent 19.92
Example V A 6 pound quantity of Z14HS zeolite was placed in a column and treated with 7 liters of an aqueous 1 molar solution of CuCl over a 4 hour period. The material was then further treated with 5 liters of 2 molar CuCl solution.
A total of 1 /2 pounds of the copper exchanged zeolite was washed well with deionized water, filtered, and reslurried. Twenty grams of NaOH in water was added to the slurry and mixed well. The product was filtered, washed well and finally calcined at 1000 F. for 3 hours.
Analytical tests performed on the product showed the following results:
Na O percent 6.01 Total copper do 28.10 Surface area m. /g 235 Example VI Total volatiles percent 4.66 Na O do 9.82 A1 do 18.59 SiO do 53.21 Total copper (as CuO) do 17.97 Surface area m. /g 739 Pore volume cc./g 0.37 Pore diameter A 20 Water adsorption o f 1 0 grel ative humidity percent 18.69
Example VII A 1 /2 pound quantity of the copper exchanged zeolite prepared in Example V Was used to prepare the catalyst in this run. The material was washed well, filtered and reslurried with water. Forty-eight grams of NaOH were added to the slurry and mixed well. The product was filtered, washed well with water and finally calcined for 3 hours at 1000 F.
Chemical analysis of the product showed the following results:
Na O percent 8.69 Total copper (as CuO) do 2815 Surface area m. /g 292 6 Example VIII The activity of our catalysts was evaluated in a series of runs in which the conversion of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide as a function of average catalyst temperature was determined after the catalysts had been calcined for 3 hours at 1000 F. This conversion is determined by passing a mixture of gases over the catalyst maintained at predetermined temperatures at a gaseous hourly space velocity of 5000 volumes of gas per volume of catalyst per hour. The mixture of gases used for this test contained 3.85% carbon monoxide, 1000 parts per million of normal hexane, 10% water, 4.5% oxygen and the balance nitrogen.
The activity indices of the catalysts of Examples II through VII and two additional catalysts (Examples Ila and IIb) prepared in the same manner but having diiferent Na O, Cu++, and CuO contents were determined by evaluating the conversion data obtained from Example VIII in the manner described herein in lines 46-56 of column 3. The data is summarized and the order of the examples arranged according to composition to better illustrate the importance of the copper ion and copper oxide content on the oxidation activity of the catalyst, in
Table II. TABLE II E Gram Equivalents per 100 g. Catalyst Activity Index ample Total Cu++ CuO N 2120 C 0 Hydro- Copper carbon II 0.19 0. l9 0. 09 12. 3 27. 3
It can be seen from the above table that the carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon activities can be varied independently over a wide range by varying the copper and copper oxide content. A comparison of Example 111 wherein the copper was present essentially as cupric ion with Example VII wherein the copper was present essentially as copper oxide showed the difference in carbon monoxide conversion that can be achieved by increasing the percentage of copper oxide present in the catalyst. By changing the ratios, the amount of carbon monoxide converted increased from 34.9 to 69.8 percent. Although there was some improvement in hydrocarbon conversion, this improvement was not as dramatic as the improvement of conversions for carbon monoxide. The amount of copper present in the catalyst also has a bearing on the CO and hydrocarbon conversion as is .shown by comparison of the data for Example IV with Example V.
Further, from the above table it may be seen that in order to have desirable oxidation characteristics for both carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons the catalyst should contain at least 0.1 gram equivalent of copper per 100 grams of total zeolite (crystalline zeolite including the copper oxide dispersed with the pores and the cupric ions replacing the original sodium ions (M)) and that this copper must be present both as the cupric exchange ion and as copper oxide dispersed within the zeolite pores. And preferably the catalyst should contain 0.01 to 0.50 gram equivalent of cupric ions per 100* grams of total zeolite in order to promote the oxidation of hydrocarbons and at least 0.05 gram equivalent of copper oxide per 100 grams of total zeolite to promote the oxidation of carbon monoxide.
As may be seen from the figures the conversions of both the carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon are a function of the total amount of copper present and that within a given total copper content the respective selectivity for carbon monoxide conversion and hydrocarbon conversion is a function respectively of the relative quantity of copper present as copper oxide and Cu++ ion.
Thus by comparing the 0.20, 0.40, and 0.70 approx. gram equiv. total copper present per 100 g. catalyst plots in either figure it is evident that the conversion of both carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon increases with total copper. The selectivity may best be seen from the plots representing a total copper content of approximately 0.40 gram equivalent of copper per hundred grams of catalyst; note in FIGURE 1 the conversion of carbon monoxide advances from 34.9% to 61.2% as the CuO content is increased from 0.06 to 0.41 gram equivalent, While as shown by FIGURE 2 the conversion of hydrocarbon advances from 18.7 to 45.7 as the Cu ion content is increased from 0.04 to 0.34 gram equivalent. Similar results are shown by the low total copper (approx. 0.20 gram equiv. per 100 g. cat.) and the high total copper plots (approx. 0.70 gram equiv. per 100 g. cat).
In effecting the oxidation of air pollutants in exhaust gases according to our invention, the exhaust gas and a gas containing oxygen, normally air, are passed over or through a catalyst bed comprising our catalyst at a temperature of 400 to 1100 F. The pressure is not critical and usually is only slightly above atmospheric pressure. The oxidation of exhaust gases from internal combustion engines is easily facilitated according to our invention by placing the catalyst described herein in a conventional muffler type device.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the invention may be made without departing from the essence and scope thereof and only such limitations should be applied as are indicated in the claims.
What is claimed is: V
1. A method of treating exhaust gases comprising air pollutants comprising carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons by substantially oxidizing said air pollutants, comprising passing a mixture of said exhaust gases and a gas comprising oxygen through a catalyst bed comprising a crystalline zeolite having a porous structure and having an approximate composition in the range A1203 231 102: xHzo where M is a metal cation and n is its valence and x is a function of the degree of dehydration having at least 0.10 gram equivalent of copper per hundred grams of total zeolite and wherein said copper consists of cupric ions which form a portion of the metal cations (M) and copper oxide dispersed within the pores of the zeolite, at a temperature of from 400 to 1100 F..
2. The process of claim 1 wherein M com-prises 0.01 to 0.50 gram equivalent of cupric ion per grams of total crystalline zeolite.
3. The process of claim 1 wherein the catalyst contains at least 0.05 gram equivalent of copper oxide dispersed upon the zeolite per 100 grams of total zeolite.
4. The process of claim 2 wherein the catalyst contains at least 0.05 gram equivalent of copper oxide dispersed upon the zeolite per 100 grams of total zeolite.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,177,152 4/1965 Kearby 23-2 X EARL C. THOMAS, Primary Examiner.
Patent Citations
Referenced by
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Article ID: 304314 - View products that this article applies to.
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You can use Windows 2000 Remote Installation Services (RIS) to deploy Windows XP images to client desktop computers, and this capability includes images that you have created by using Risetup.exe or Riprep.exe. This article describes the related changes and updates you must make to the Windows 2000 RIS server.
Images Created by Using Risetup.exeIf you attempt to install Windows XP from a Windows 2000 RIS server, you may receive the following error message:
To deploy images that you made by using Risetup.exe, apply the update that is described in the following Microsoft Knowledge Base article before you make any Windows XP images:
The file 'asms' on Windows XP Professional CDrom is needed.
308508If you used the older version of Risetup.exe to make any Windows XP images before you applied the preceding update, you must re-create the images.
(https://support.microsoft.com/kb/308508/ )Unable to create a Windows 2000 Server image on a RIS server
Images Created by Using Riprep.exeTo deploy images that you made by using Riprep.exe:
Article ID: 304314 - Last Review: February 28, 2007 - Revision: 4.2
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