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Travel Guide Africa Mozambique
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Situated along Africa's southeastern coast, opposite Madagascar, Mozambique's prominence along the coast makes it an ideal tourist destination. Dozens of beaches are the country's best attractions, not only because of the excellent coral reefs that mark the coast, but also because many of the other attractions the country could offer are off-limits, due to the presence of landmines.
Indeed, the civil war which tore the nation to shreds has left a dirty stain on Mozambique's canvas, one the reformed government is finding very hard to remove. Maputo was once Mozambique's beautiful capital. Now, many buildings are collapsing or collapsed, with the city's former glory a mere shimmer.
Safaris are possible but don't count on seeing as much as in neighbouring Tanzania or South Africa for example. Thankfully, local culture compensates somewhat: the art produced by Mozambicans is some of the finest and most refined in Africa. And the indelible mark of Portuguese colonialism has its bright sides, with crumbling forts turning into crowd-drawers by the day.
Between the first and fifth centuries AD, waves of Bantu-speaking people migrated from the west and north through the Zambezi River valley and then gradually into the plateau and coastal areas. When Portuguese explorers reached East Africa in 1498, Swahili and Arabic commercial settlements had existed along the coast and outlying islands for several centuries. From about 1500, Portuguese trading posts and forts displaced the Arabic commercial and military hegemony becaming regular ports of call on the new European sea route to the east. The Portuguese gained control of the Island of Mozambique and the port city of Sofala in the early 16th century, and by the 1530s small groups of Portuguese traders and prospectors penetrated the interior regions seeking gold, where they set up garrisons and trading posts at Sena and Tete on the Zambezi River and tried to gain exclusive control over the gold trade. During the 18th and 19th centuries the Mazrui and Omani Arabs reclaimed much of the Indian Ocean trade, forcing the Portuguese to retreat south. Many prazos had declined by the mid-19th century, but several of them survived. During the 19th century other European powers, particularly the British (British South Africa Company) and the French (Madagascar), became increasingly involved in the trade and politics of the region around the Portuguese East African territories.
As communist and anti-colonial ideologies spread out across Africa, many clandestine political movements were established in support of Mozambican independence. The Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (FRELIMO), initiated a guerrilla campaign against Portuguese rule in September 1964. This conflict, along with the two others already initiated in the other Portuguese colonies of Angola and Portuguese Guinea, became part of the so-called Portuguese Colonial War (1961–1974). Mozambique became independent from Portugal on June 25, 1975. Within a few years, almost the entire ethnic Portuguese population which had remained at independence had also departed. Starting shortly after the independence, the country was plagued from 1977 to 1992 by a long and violent civil war between the opposition forces of anti-Communist RENAMO rebel militias and the Marxist FRELIMO regime - the Mozambican Civil War. By mid-1995 more than 1.7 million Mozambican refugees who had sought asylum in neighbouring Malawi, Zimbabwe, Swaziland, Zambia, Tanzania, and South Africa as a result of war and drought had returned, as part of the largest repatriation witnessed in sub-Saharan Africa.
At 801,537 km2, Mozambique is the world's 35th-largest country. Mozambique is located on the southeast coast of Africa. It is bordered by Swaziland to the south, South Africa to the southwest, Zimbabwe to the west, Zambia and Malawi to the northwest, Tanzania to the north and the Indian Ocean to the east. Mozambique lies between latitudes 10° and 27°S, and longitudes 30° and 41°E. The country is divided into two topographical regions by the Zambezi River. To the north of the Zambezi River, the narrow coastline moves inland to hills and low plateaus, and further west to rugged highlands, which include the Niassa highlands, Namuli or Shire highlands, Angonia highlands, Tete highlands and the Makonde plateau, covered with miombo woodlands. To the south of the Zambezi River, the lowlands are broader with the Mashonaland plateau and Lebombo Mountains located in the deep south. The country is drained by five principal rivers and several smaller ones with the largest and most important the Zambezi. The country has four notable lakes: Lake Niassa (or Malawi), Lake Chiuta, Lake Cahora Bassa and Lake Shirwa, all in the north. The major cities are Maputo, Beira, Nampula, Tete, Quelimane, Chimoio, Pemba, Inhambane, Xai-Xai and Lichinga.
Mozambique is made up of 10 provinces. The capital city Maputo also has provincial status.
The Limpopo National Park is part of the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park, which also contains the Kruger National Park in South Africa and the Gonarezhou National Park in Zimbabwe. Since many of the animals here were killed during the civilian war in Mozambique, there has been a huge translocation of animals from the adjacent Kruger National Park and a border between the two countries has been opened up recently as well. This way, it is possible to visit some more remote parts of the Transfrontier Park, but you will need the proper visa and vehicle (4wd) to get to the Mozambique parts, as infrastructure as well as accommodation is still basic. That said, there is no doubt about it that this national park is a good opportunity to see the wildlife (including the big five) in its natural setting, still without too much visitors and vehicles.
The Bazaruto Archipelago is located along the central coastal part of the country near the city of Vilanculos and consists of five islands: Bazaruto, Benguerra, Magaraque, Banque and Santa Carolina. There are great beaches to explore and the forest and wetland habitat houses a surprisingly high number of birds and many species of flora and fauna. The diving and snorkelling here is fantastic and you will definitely see numerous colourful fish, turtles. One of the best ways to explore the islands is to book a three day dhow trip. The trip will include a visit to Margaraque and Bazaruto, with snorkelling at 2 Mile Reef. You will see more see life there than at the Red Sea. This is one of the best places on the archipelago.
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Ilha de Moçambique (Island of Mozambique) is located in the north of the country along the coast near Nampula. It is on the UNESCO World Heritage List and not without reason. The Chapel of Nossa Senhora de Baluarte, built in 1522, is considered to be the oldest European building in the southern hemisphere and this places has been a port since the 15th century. The Fort of Sao Sebastiao (now called Stone Town) became the capital of Portuguese East Africa until 1898, when present day Maputo became the capital. Also the port function has been taken over by Nacala, but history remains in this fantastic place. In the later part of the Portuguese era, Ilha de Mocambique was a popular tourism destination for the rich and famous. Cruise ships regularly visited the port, sea planes and water taxis ferried people back and forth and the town enjoyed theatre, cinema and lots of cafe's and bars. Echos of this time linger still and visiting Mozambicans and foreigners come to Ilha in search of lazy days followed by lively nights.
The capital Maputo is vibrant and colourful place with many historical and cultural significant buildings, many of them dating back to the Portuguese colonial period.
Covering over 42,000 square kilometres, the Niassa nature reserve is the biggest protected area in Mozambique. It is located in the north west of the country in the Niassa province, the most sparsely populated area of the country. The park's remoteness has been a hindrance to it's development for tourism, but also largely protected it from being spoiled, and if you do make the journey it is a spectacular and truly wild nature reserve.
Mozambique enjoys a tropical climate with generally warm to hot and humid weather. There are two seasons, a dry and cool season from April to October and a warm and wet season from November to March. Temperatures usually vary from around 25 °C during the day from June to September and around 30 °C from December to March, at night dropping to around 23 °C and 17 °C respectively. Highest rainfalls are recorded from January to March and these are probably the months to avoid if you can, because hurricanes can strike the country, especially coastline.
LAM Mozambique Airways is the national airline of Mozambique and has its base at Maputo International Airport (MPM) near the capital. International destinations include flights to and from Durban, Johannesburg and Nairobi. Other airlines serving the country are South African Airways (Durban, Johannesburg, Cape Town), TAP Portugal (Lisbon, Johannesburg), Air Zimbabwe (Harare) and Kenya Airways (Nairobi). Swaziland is served as well.
There are trains between South Africa and Mozambique though it's much faster by buses or minivans.
The Komati Line serves Johannesburg and the Komatipoort border post daily (13 hours), from where you can continue to Maputo by rail.
The train journey from Malawi to Nampula is one of the few remaining great train journeys in Africa. The scenery is stunning, the track passes between towering inselbergs and in 2nd class its comfortable enough with waiter service, reserved seating and the option to reach out the window to buy from people with baskets of food at the many stations. It runs in each direction on alternate days except Monday: Nampula to Cuamba on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, and Cuamba to Nampula on Wednesday, Friday and Sunday. 3rd class costs M175, second class M331, and there's no first class. The train departs at 05:00 every day (except Monday) and takes 10-12 hours. You need to book the day before. The journey is from Cuamba to Nampula (all within Mozambique) meaning that you have to make the border crossing to/from Malawi by local chappa and bicycle and thats lengthy.
There is a well maintained road between Johannesburg and Maputo and it takes around 7 to 8 hours including border formalities. Other borders with Swaziland, Zambia, Malawi and Tanzania are open and possible to cross with your own vehicle.
Note that you are mostly not allowed to cross borders with Mozambique with your South African rental car!
The capital Maputo is easily reached by frequent daily buses to and from Johannesburg in South Africa, taking about 8 to 9 hours via the busy Komatipoort/Ressano Garcia border crossing. Pretoria and Nelspruit (the latter is close to Kruger National Park) can be reached as well from Maputo. Check Greyhound, InterCape Mainliner, Panthera Azul and Translux to check and compare schedules and prices. Panthera has buses to Durban via Swaziland, originating in Maputo.
Minibuses travel between Maputo and Manzini and Mbabane in Swaziland, taking about 3.5 hours including border formalities.
There are many border crossings with Malawi. To and from Blantyre use the Zóbuè crossing between Blantyre and Harare (Zimbabwe), where vehicles depart Blantyre for the border via Mwanza connecting in Mozambique with minibuses to Tete. The Milange border crossing is convenient for Quelimane and Island of Mozambique, with regular buses from Blantyre via Mulanje to the border. In Mozambique, there are daily services to Mocuba, Quelimane and Nampula. The service to Mocuba from Milange leaves at 4:00am and costs M200 (Aug 2009) so, to avoid spending a night in Milange, you will need to hitch. It should take 4-5 hours.
The crossing at Mandimba is convenient for Cuamba and northern Mozambique, though note that you can not get a visa on arrival here (Aug 2009). There's frequent transport on the Malawi side to Mangochi, where you can get minibuses to Namwera and Chiponde. Once in Mozambique, vehicles go daily from Mandimba to Cuamba and Lichinga.
To and from Lilongwe, you can use the Dedza border post, 85 kilometres southeast of Lilongwe, where minibuses run along the sealed route to Tete via Ulongwé. Otherwise, you can travel in stages via Moatize.
From Tanzania, pickups depart Mtwara daily at 6:30am to the Kilambo border post, and on to the Rovuma River, crossed via dugout canoe. Once across, two pick-ups daily go to the Mozambique border post (4 kilometres further away) and on to Moçimboa da Praia (four hours).
For Zambia, the main crossing is at Cassacatiza, northwest of Tete. Chapas go daily from Tete to Matema, from where there's onward transport to the border, and vehicles to Katete (Zambia), and on to Lusaka or Chipata.
To Zimbabwe, the main crossings are at Nyamapanda (which lies on the route linking Harare with Blantyre via Tete), and at Machipanda on the Harare to Beira route. Minibuses go from Tete to Changara and on to Nyamapanda, where there are vehicles to Harare. You can also travel directly via Blantyre and on by bus to Harare, again crossing the border with Mozambique through Tete. From Chimoio minibuses go to Manica and the border. From here, onward transport is available to Mutare and here you can take a night train to Harare.
There are ferries between southwestern Tanzania and Mozambique via Malawi on the MV Songea between Mbamba Bay and Nkhata Bay. From here it goes on to Likoma Island (Malawi), Cóbuè and Metangula (both in Mozambique) on the MV Ilala. The MV Ilala departs from Monkey Bay (Malawi) at 10:00am Friday, arriving in Metangula (via Chipoka and Nkhotakota in Malawi) at 6:00am Saturday, reaching Cóbuè (Mozambique) around midday, Likoma Island at 1:30pm and Nkhata Bay at 1:00am Sunday morning. In southern direction departures are at 8:00pm Monday from Nkhata Bay and at 6:30am Tuesday from Likoma Island, reaching Cóbuè at 7:00am and Metangula at midday.
LAM Mozambique Airways flies between Beira, Chimoio, Inhambane, Nampula, Pemba, Quelimane, Tete and Vilanculos. Air Corridor has flights between Beira, Nampula, Quelimane and Tete, but these tend to be very expensive.
The Companhia dos Caminhos de Ferro da Beira has more information about train travel in the country. Trains run from the towns of Moçambique and Nacala, via the junction at Monapo, to Nampula and Lichinga. Trains also run from Maputo to Goba and Ressano Garcia, and northwards on the line to Zimbabwe. A rail connection between Maputo and Beira is closed since 2005 but is expected to reopen in the near future.
The road network in Mozambique is far from complete and many roads are in a bad condition. Inland roads are mostly gravel roads. Tarred roads connect Maputo with Beira and Beira with Tete and are usually in a good condition, safe the few potholes. Many roads can be impassable after heavy rains and a 4wd vehicle is recommended. You can rent cars in Maputo, Beira and Nampula and a few other places, including the international airports. Traffic drives on the right and you need an international driving permit to rent a car. Also note that the people in Mozambique tend to drive fast and ignore any road rules; pay attention when driving.
Buses connect all major cities and towns at least daily. To more remote places, you can also use the so-called chapas, which basically are converted trucks. Buses are relatively affordable, comfortable and reliable and there are many bus companies to choose from. Getting around can be painful as the roads are in bad condition, and buses break down frequently. Even short distances can take the whole day, and travelling the lenght of the country can easily take a week. Also note that unlike most of Africa, buses actually leave on time, and the long-distance ones usually depart in the early hours of the morning.
There are no regular passenger services within the country, but you can go on organised trips or charter a local fisherboat to go out on the Indian Ocean for fishing, diving and snorkelling. The exception would be the ferry across from Inhambane to Maxixe, which departs whenever full.
All visitors (except citizens of Swaziland, South Africa, Tanzania, Botswana, Malawi, Mauritius, Zimbabwe, & Zambia) need a visa. Most nationals (except people from Taiwan) can get a visa upon arrival on one of the airports or most border posts. Note that this might not apply to all border posts and getting a visa beforehand is advised. Your passport needs to be valid for 6 months from the date of issue of the visa and you need one blank page as well.
Visas are usually valid for 90 days and costs around $20 for single-entry and $40 for double/multiple-entry visas.
See also Money Matters
Note that the metical (plural meticais) is a restricted currency, so try to use up your meticais before you leave the country.
See also: Portuguese phrasebook
See also Travel Health
There are no vaccinations legally required to travel to Mozambique. There are two exceptions though: you need a yellow fever vaccination if you have travelled to a country (7 days or less before entering Mozambique) where that disease is widely prevalent. Also, a cholera stamp is required when entering the country overland.
Still, it's a good thing to get your vaccinations in order before travelling to Mozambique. The general vaccination against Diphtheria, Tetanus and Polio (DTP) is recommended. Also both hepatitis A as well as typhoid would be recommended.
If you are staying longer than 3 months or have a particular risk (travelling by bike, handling of animals, visits to caves) you might consider a rabies vaccination. Vaccination against Tuberculosis as well as hepatitis B are also sometimes recommended for stays longer than 3 months. When staying longer than 6 months, vaccination against meningitis might be recommended, depending on your contact with other people.
Malaria is prevalent in the country. Don't underestimate this tropical disease and take precautions. Buy repellent (preferably with 50% DEET), and sleep under a net.
Finally, other possible health issues include diarrhea and other general travellers' diseases like motion sickness. Watch what you eat and drink and in case you get it, drink plenty of fluids (to prevent dehydration) and bring ORS. Also note that Southern Africa and thus Mozambique as well has a high percentage of people with AIDS.
See also Travel Safety
See also International Telephone Calls
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|Chapter 5
I. Why Study Motivation?
Motivation is one of the most traditional topics in organizational behaviour and it has become more important in contemporary organizations as a result of the need for increased productivity to be globally competitive and the rapid changes that organizations are undergoing.
II. What is Motivation?
When we speak about motivation we usually mean that a person "works hard," "keeps at" his or her work, and directs his or her behaviour toward appropriate outcomes.
A. Basic Characteristics of Motivation
Motivation is the extent to which persistent effort is directed toward a goal.
The four basic characteristics of motivation are effort, persistence, direction, and goals.
Effort. This refers to the strength of a person's work-related behaviour.
Persistence. This refers to the persistence that individuals exhibit in applying effort to their work tasks.
Direction. This refers to the quality of a person's work related behaviour.
Goals. This refers to the ends towards which employees direct their effort.
B. Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation
Experts in organizational behaviour distinguish between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation stems from the direct relationship between the worker and the task and it is usually self-applied. Extrinsic motivation stems from the work environment external to the task and it is usually applied by someone other than the person being motivated. The extrinsic/intrinsic motivation relationship suggests that if intrinsic outcomes and extrinsic outcomes are both highly attractive, they should contribute to motivation in an additive fashion. In general, research has shown that both extrinsic and intrinsic rewards are necessary to enhance motivation in actual work settings.
C. Motivation and Performance
Performance can be defined as the extent to which an organizational member contributes to achieving the objectives of the organization. Although there is a positive relationship between motivation and performance, the relationship is not one-to-one because other factors such as personality, general cognitive ability, emotional intelligence, task understanding, and chance can intervene.
General Cognitive Ability. General cognitive ability refers to a persons basic information processing capacities and cognitive resources. General cognitive ability predicts learning and training success as well as job performance in all kinds of jobs and occupations. It is an even better predictor of performance for more complex and higher-level jobs that require the use of more cognitive skills.
Emotional Intelligence. Emotional intelligence (EI) has to do with an individuals ability to understand and manage his or her own and others feelings and emotions. Peter Salovey and John Mayer have developed an EI model that consists of four interrelated sets of skills or branches. The four skills represent sequential steps that form a hierarchy. Beginning from the first and most basic level, the four branches are: Perception of emotions, integration and assimilation of emotions, knowledge and understanding of emotions, and management of emotions. EI predicts performance in a number of areas including work performance and academic performance and is particularly important in jobs that involve a lot of social interaction and emotional labour.
III. Need Theories of Work Motivation
Need theories of motivation attempt to specify the kinds of needs people have and the conditions under which they will be motivated to satisfy these needs in a way that contributes to performance. Needs are physiological and psychological wants or desires that individuals can satisfy by acquiring certain incentives or achieving particular goals. It is the behaviour stimulated by this acquisition process that reveals the motivational character of needs:
Need theories are concerned with what motivates workers (needs and their associated incentives or goals). They can be contrasted with process theories, which are concerned with exactly how various factors motivate people. Need theories and process theories are complementary rather than contradictory.
A. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Psychologist Abraham Maslow developed a theory based on satisfying certain needs. Maslows hierarchy of needs is a five-level hierarchical need theory of motivation that specifies that the lowest-level unsatisfied need has the greatest motivating potential. These needs include physiological needs, safety needs, belongingness needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, motivation depends on the persons position in the need hierarchy. Individuals are motivated to satisfy their physiological needs before they show interest in their self-esteem or safety needs. When needs at a particular level of the hierarchy are satisfied, the individual turns his or her attention to the next higher level. Maslow's hierarchy also implies that a satisfied need is no longer an effective motivator.
B. Alderfer's ERG Theory
Another need-based theory called ERG theory was developed by Clayton Alderfer. ERG theory is a three level hierarchical need theory of motivation that allows for movement up and down the hierarchy. The name ERG stems from the compression of Maslows five-category need system into three categories of needs: existence, relatedness, and growth needs.
Alderfer's theory differs from Maslow's theory in that there is not a rigid hierarchy of needs and that if higher-level needs are ungratified, individuals will increase their desire for the gratification of lower-level needs.
C. McClelland's Theory of Needs
Psychologist David McClelland has developed a need theory based on the specific behavioural consequences of needs rather than a hierarchy of needs. McClellands theory of needs is a nonhierarchical need theory of motivation that outlines the conditions under which certain needs result in particular patterns of motivation. Individuals have needs for achievement, affiliation, and power. The theory outlines the conditions under which these needs result in particular patterns of motivation.
People high in the need for achievement have a strong desire to perform challenging tasks. The also exhibit the following characteristics:
A preference for situations in which personal responsibility can be taken for outcomes.
A tendency to set moderately difficult goals that provide for calculated risks.
A desire for performance feedback.
People high in the need for affiliation have a strong desire to establish and maintain friendly, compatible interpersonal relationships. People high in the need for power have a strong desire to influence others, making a significant impact or impression. McClelland predicts that people will be motivated to seek out and perform well in jobs that match their needs.
D. Research Support for Need Theories
Research results show that need theories are valid under certain circumstances. The simplicity and flexibility of ERG theory seem to capture the human need structure better than the greater complexity and rigidity of Maslows theory. Research on McClelland's theory is generally supportive of the idea that particular needs are motivational when the work setting permits the satisfaction of these needs.
E. Managerial Implications of Need Theories Need theories have some important things to say about managerial attempts to motivate employees.
IV. Process Theories of Work Motivation
Need theories of motivation concentrate on what motivates individuals, while process theories concentrate on how motivation occurs. Three important process theories are expectancy theory, equity theory, and goal setting theory.
A. Expectancy Theory The basic idea underlying expectancy theory is the belief that motivation is determined by the outcomes that people expect to occur as a result of their actions on the job. There are a number of basic components of expectancy theory.
B. Research Support for Expectancy Theory
Tests have provided moderately favourable support for expectancy theory. In particular, there is especially good evidence that the valence of first-level outcomes depends on the extent to which they lead to favourable second-level consequences. Experts in motivation generally accept expectancy theory.
C. Managerial Implications of Expectancy Theory
The motivational practices suggested by expectancy theory involve juggling the numbers that individuals attach to expectancies, instrumentalities, and valences.
Boost Expectancies. One of the most basic things managers can do is ensure that their employees expect to be able to achieve first-level outcomes that are of interest to the organization. Low expectancies might be due to poor equipment or tools; lazy co-workers; employees might not understand what is considered to be good performance; or employees might not understand how to obtain a good performance rating. Expectancies can usually be enhanced by providing proper equipment and training, demonstrating correct work procedures, carefully explaining how performance is evaluated, and listening to employee performance problems. The point is to clarify the path to beneficial first-level outcomes.
Clarify Reward Contingencies. Managers should also attempt to ensure that the paths between first- and second-level outcomes are clear. Employees should be convinced that first-level outcomes desired by the organization are clearly instrumental in obtaining positive second-level outcomes and avoiding negative outcomes.
Appreciate Diverse Needs. Managers should also analyze the diverse preferences of particular workers and attempt to design individualized motivational packages to meet their needs.
D. Equity Theory
Equity theory is a process theory that states that motivation stems from a comparison of the inputs that one invests in a job and the outcomes one receives in comparison with the inputs and outcomes of another person or group. According to the theory, individuals are motivated to maintain an equitable exchange relationship. Inequity is unpleasant and tension producing and people will devote considerable energy to reducing inequity and achieving equity. Individuals that perceive inequity might use a number of tactics to regain equity:
Perceptually distort one's own inputs or outcomes.
Perceptually distort the inputs or outcomes of the comparison other or group.
Choose another comparison person or group.
Alter one's inputs or alter one's outcomes.
Leave the exchange relationship.
The first three tactics for reducing inequity are essentially psychological, while the last two involve overt behaviour.
Gender and Equity. Both women and men have some tendency to choose same-sex comparison persons when judging the fairness of the outcomes that they receive.
Research Support for Equity Theory. Research on equity theory is very supportive of the theory when inequity occurs because of underpayment. For example, when workers are underpaid on an hourly basis, they tend to lower their inputs by producing less work. Also, when workers are underpaid on a piece-rate basis, they tend to produce a high volume of low-quality work. Finally, there is also evidence that underpayment inequity leads to resignation. The theorys predictions regarding overpayment inequity have received less support.
Managerial Implications of Equity Theory. The most straightforward implication of equity theory is that perceived underpayment will have a variety of negative motivational consequences for the organization, including low productivity, low quality, theft, and /or turnover. Managers must understand that feelings of inequity stem from a perceptual social comparison process in which the worker controls the equation, that is, employees decide what are considered relevant inputs, outcomes, and comparison persons, and management must be sensitive to these decisions. Understanding the role of comparison people is especially crucial.
E. Goal Setting Theory
Goal setting is a motivational technique that uses specific, challenging, and acceptable goals and provides feedback to enhance performance.
F. What Kinds of Goals Are Motivational?
Goals are most motivational when they are specific, challenging, and when organizational members are committed to them. In addition, feedback about progress toward goal attainment should also be provided. Goal Specificity. Specific goals specify an exact level of achievement for people to accomplish in a particular time frame.
Goal Challenge. Goals should be difficult but attainable.
Goal Commitment. Goals are not really goals unless people are committed to them and accept them.
Goal Feedback. Specific and challenging goals have the most beneficial effect when they are accompanied by ongoing feedback that enables the person to compare current performance with the goal.
G. Enhancing Goal Commitment
Some of the factors that might affect commitment to challenging and specific goals are participation, rewards and management support.
Participation. Research results are mixed, but participation can often increase commitment when a climate of mistrust exists between supervisor and employee. Also, participation can increase performance when competition or team spirit increase the difficulty of goals an employee is willing to attempt to reach.
Rewards. While there is little doubt that extrinsic rewards like money will increase commitment, there is also ample evidence that simply being challenged to do the job "right" can produce goal commitment. Goal setting has led to performance increases without the introduction of monetary incentives for goal accomplishment.
Supportiveness. There is considerable agreement that a coercive approach to goal setting on the part of supervisors will reduce goal commitment. For goal setting to work properly, supervisors must demonstrate a desire to assist employees in goal accomplishment and behave supportively if failure occurs, even adjusting the goal downward if it proves to be unrealistically high.
H. Goal Orientation
Individuals have been found to differ in their goal orientation. Learning goals are process-oriented goals that focus on leaning and enhance understanding of a task and the use of task strategies. Performance goals are outcome-oriented goals that focus attention on the achievement of specific performance outcomes. A learning goal orientation has been found to be related to greater effort, self-efficacy, goal-setting level, and performance.
I. Research Support for and Managerial Implications of Goal Setting Theory
Goal setting has led to increased performance on a wide variety of tasks. As well, the effects of goal setting appear to persist over a long enough time to have practical value. The effect of group goal setting on group performance is similar to the effect of individual goal setting. The effects of goals on performance are due to four mechanisms: direction, effort, persistence, and task-relevant strategies. The managerial implications of goal setting theory are straightforward: Set specific and challenging goals and provide ongoing feedback so that individuals can compare their performance with their goals. The performance impact of goal setting is strongest for simpler jobs rather than more complex jobs.
V. Do Motivation Theories Translate Across Cultures?
In general, motivational theories which explain the behaviour of workers in North American companies do not always apply to workers elsewhere. It is safe to assume that most theories that revolve around human needs will come up against cultural limitations to their generality. For example, in more collective societies, self-actualization is not the motivator that it is in North America. In collective cultures, there is a tendency to favour reward allocation based on equality rather than equity. Because of its flexibility, expectancy theory is very effective when applied cross-culturally. Finally, setting specific and challenging goals should also be motivational when applied cross-culturally. However, to be effective, careful attention is required to adjust the goal-setting process in different cultures. For example, individual goals are not likely to be accepted or motivational in collectivist cultures. Thus, appreciating cultural diversity is critical in maximizing motivation.
VI. Putting it all Together: Integrating Theories of Work Motivation
Each of the theories of motivation helps us to understand the motivational process and together they form an integrative model of motivation. For example, expectancy and instrumentality from expectancy theory and goals from goal setting theory should lead to higher levels of motivation. Motivation along with the intervening factors of personality, general cognitive ability, emotional intelligence, task understanding, and chance will influence performance. When performance is followed up with rewards that satisfy workers needs (need theory) and are positively valent (expectancy theory) they will lead to higher levels of motivation and job satisfaction provided they are perceived as equitable (equity theory). Job satisfaction also leads to performance.
In summary, each theory of motivation helps us to understand a different part of the motivational process.

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Posted by 5370728777325173129 on Nov 19, 2013
The serum has a nice color and is quickly absorbed. But it made me break out really bad - worse than from hormones or bad food. I will continue to use it under my eyes but i m o argan oil does a better job in that area. Also you get very little product for your money.
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April 18, 1939.
H. T. KRAFT TREAD SURFACE FOR FOOTWEAR Filed April 1 1956 INVENTOR Herman T-Kraf't BY W 4 %6 ATTORNEYS Patented A r. 18,1939
PATENT OFFICE TREAD SURFACE FOR FOOTWEAR Herman T. Kraft, Akron, Ohio, assignor to The General Tire & Rubber Company, Akron, Ohio,
a. corporation of @hio Application April 1, 1936, Serial No. 72,020
This invention relates to tread surfaces for footwear and particularly to soles and heels for footwear, and among itsobjects is the provision of new and improved soles and heels which will 5 have a maximum frictional contact with the floor or other surface, which will be extremely resilient and furnish a cushioning eifect for the wearer, and which will be simple in design, inexpensive to manufacture and of long wearing qualities.
Other objects will become apparent from a study of the specification and the drawing, in
' which:
Figure 1 is a side elevation of a shoe embody- 115 ing the sole and heel construction of this inven- Fig. 3, of a modification of the sole conflguration of this invention;
Fig. 6 is a modification of a sole construction with the ribs or vanes concentric; and
Fig. 7 is a modification of a heel construction corresponding to the sole construction of Fig. 6.
Briefly, my invention is embodied in soles or heels of molded rubber in which a plurality of closely spaced parallel or concentric, flexible and elastic finlike ribs of materially greater depth than width are employed. While the ribs are individually relatively weakand flexible, they F are sufficient in number to carry the loads to which they are normally subjected without substantial distortion. The ribs, however, provide an elastic cushion between the body of the sole or heel and the ground surface, which will yield in any direction under frictional thrusts exerted on the ground engaging edges of the ribs. The rubber in the traction surface of the sole or heel is maintained soft and pliable under all conditions of load and this greatly increases the adhesion of the sole or heel to the surface walked upon. It is this greatly increased non-sldd capacity of the sole and heel that renders the invention particularly useful in connection with athletic shoes.
Referring to the drawing by numerals of reference, l0 designates the sole and II the heel respectively of a shoe I 2. In a preferred embodiment of my invention the sole II) has a plurality of ribs I! of finlikeconstruction, separated by narrow grooves, or spaces 20, giving the bottom of the shoe a deep fluted appearance.
As shown in Fig. 2 these ribs are generally parallel to one another and extend substantially the entire length of the sole. In order to obtain a maximum frictional effect combined with great resiliency, it is important that these ribs be of 5 substantially greater depth than thickness as shown in Figs. 3 and 5. Around the periphery of the sole is a binding strip it which may be formed integrally with the sole, as shown in the drawing, and the ribs l3 may be joined to it at their extremities. The body portion ii of the outer sole which is fastened to the upper margin I6 and inner sole ll may be of any suitable thickness suflicient to serve as a backing for the ribs l3 which are formed integrally thereon. The thinnerthe body portion I5 is constructed the more resilient and pliable the sole will be.
It is proposed to extend the binding strip it which, as pointed out above, may be formed integrally with the sole somewhat above the normal level of the body portion Ill so as to provide the sole with a recessed upper surface into which the vamp of the shoe may be fitted. This construction will give added strength to the shoe and aid in preventing the sole from tearing loose from the vamp.
The construction of the heel is similar to that of the sole. The ribs l3, however, are made considerably deeper than-in the sole so as to give added height to the shoe, and a corresponding increase should be made in their thickness so that they will not be too unstable.
In Fig. 5 I have shown a modification of a shoe sole embodying my invention corresponding to the cross-section of Fig. 3. In this modification the fins or ribs l3 are similar to those shown in Fig. 3 except that the ribs l8 lying in a cen-, tral portion of a shoe are substantially deeper than those, I9, lying in the peripheral portion of the shoe sole. I
In the'modification of my invention shown in Fig. 6 the ribs or fins l3 instead of running in straight lines the length of the sole are formed concentrically one within another. However, they are still substantially of greater depth than width and the spaces between such ribs are relatively the same as described above for straight ribs.
In Fig. 7 is shown a modification of. a heel structure embodying this invention but instead of the ribs being in substantially straight lines as shown in Fig. 2 they are formed concentrically to correspond with the modified sole shown in Fig. 6.
In the manufacture of soles and heels embodying this invention any material which is sufliciently pliable, resilient and wear resisting (such as rubber) may be used. It will be seen that because of the yieldability of the individual ribs, a resilient sole is provided which tends to conform to the configuration of the surface over which the wearer is walking.
In constructing footwear embodying the present invention it is desirable that the ribs B be of the proper height or depth and thickness with regard to the substance out of which they are formed so that when a normal person for whom that particular footwear may be designed is supported on the sole the ribs l3 will not beexcessively deformed.
However, the ribs should be sufiiciently thin and flexible to yield under severe frictional thrusts exerted upon their ground engaging edges such as will be exerted when the wearer jumps, stops or turns quickly, as in running upon a gymnasium floor. This yielding action of the ribs provides a cushion between the shoe sole and floor which allows an appreciable relative movement between the body of the sole and the floor engaging edges of the ribs before the force of impact is checked by the frictional action of the ribs on the floor, thus increasing the resistance of the sole to slippage on the floor surface and reducing the strain on the ankle and foot of the wearer.
As pointed out above, the ribs or flutes comprising the configuration on the outer sole of a shoe or other footwear embodying this invention are relatively unstable. This is because they are substantially deeper than they are wide, and when a pressure is applied at an angle to the vertical axis of one of these flutes such flutes will not offer a great resistance to being deform ed. The ribs, however, do not completely collapse because, as pointed out above, the adjacent ribs are relatively close together and mutually interact to support one another under deformation.
Since the ribs or flutes are relatively thin and resilient they are somewhat extensible longitudinally and when a force is applied along one edge, such as when the person wearing the footwear makes a sudden stop, they will tend to extend themselves longitudinally and take up the sudden shock of stopping.
The ability of a shoe constructed according to 1 the present invention to cushion and partially absorb thrusts suddenly applied to its friction surface results in superior resistance to slipping and, since there is less sliding of the shoe on ground surfaces and less abrasion on the bottom surface of the shoe, the shoe has superior wear ing ualities.
Although several embodiments of the invention have been herein shown and described, it will be understood that numerous modifications of the construction shown may be resorted to without departing from the spirit of this invention as defined in the appended claims.
What I claim is:
1. A shoe tread portion comprising an elongated, laterally stable, binding strip that is continuous along" the periphery of said shoe tread portion, and a group of parallel, longitudinally extending, flexible flnlike ribs disposed within said peripherally extending binding strip, each of said flexible ribs being separated from each other by grooves and having flat, substantially parallel sides and being of materially greater depth than width and being laterally unstable and being disposed sufficiently close to each other to provide mutual support under compression and thrust.
2. A rubber shoe tread having a tread body provided with a normally convex road-engaging face having substantially thruout its width and length narrow, closely spaced ribs whichare longitudinally continuous, and which are substantially parallel and spaced by narrow rela-. tively deep, substantially parallel-sided grooves, said ribs being individually weak, elastic and flexible, but suflicient in number and in inter-supporting engagement to carry the weight of normal loads without substantial distortion, said ribs under load being normally straight but being capable of stretching and bowing to serpentive form when subjected to frictional thrusts directed longitudinally of said ribs.
3. A shoe tread of rubber comprising a body portion, a series of closely spaced substantially parallel resilient ribs formed integrally therewith, the ribs being of materially greater depth than thickness and separated from one another by grooves of less width than the effective width of the ribs, and a binding strip substantially continuous about the tread periphery, said binding strip having a ground-engaging edge substantially planar and flush with the ground-engaging edges of the ribs.
4. A shoe tread of rubber comprising a body portion, a series of closely spaced substantially parallel resilient ribs formed integrally therewith, the ribs being of materially greater depth than thickness and separated from one another by grooves of less width than the effective width of the ribs, a binding strip substantially continuous about the tread periphery and having a ground-engaging edge substantiallyflush with the ground-engaging edges of the ribs, and the ends of the ribs integrally secured into the side of the binding strip to reinforce the strip and the ribs.
5. A shoe tread of rubber comprising a body portion, a series of closely spaced substantially parallel resilient ribs formed integrally there- "with, the ribs being of materially greater depth than thickness and separated from one another by grooves of less width than the efiective width of the ribs, a binding strip substantially continuous about the tread periphery and having a ground-engaging edge substantially flush with the ground-engaging edges of the ribs, and the ends of the ribs integrally secured into the side of the binding strip to reinforce the strip and the ribs, the binding strip extending above the upper margin of the body portion to provide a peripheral band for attaching the tread to a shoe upper.
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text: ANTIOPE Greek legendary mortal Amazonian Princess who fell in love with THESEUS. Some legends give her the same fate as AEGINA. ANTIOPE FACTS AND FIGURES Name : ANTIOPE Location : Ancient Greece Gender : Female Type : legendary mortal In charge of : Celebration or Feast Day : Unknown at present Good/Evil Rating : Unknown at present Pronunciation : Coming soon Alternative names : None known Popularity index : 7161 Link here Cite this Link to this page HTML: To link to this page, just copy and paste the text below into your blog, web page or email. Godchecker entry on ANTIOPE, the Greek legendary mortal BBCODE: To link to this page in a forum post or comment box, just copy and paste the text below: [url=http://www.godchecker.com/pantheon/greek-mythology.php?deity=ANTIOPE]Godchecker entry on ANTIOPE, the Greek legendary mortal[/url] Cite this article Here's the info you need to cite this page. Just copy the text in the box below. Saunders, Chas, and Peter J. Allen, eds. "ANTIOPE - the Greek legendary mortal (Greek mythology)." Godchecker. Godchecker.com / CID, 12 Feb. 2004. Web. 28 July 2015. . Article last updated on 12 February 2004 by the Godchecker Team. Editors: Peter J Allen, Chas Saunders References: Coming soon. Permissions page


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Campus Life / Dining
Look Ma! No Tray!
Story by Travis Kaya '10 / Photo by Carrie Rosema
To save money and cut waste, Pomona will join many other
educational institutions next year in ditching its cafeteria trays.
With an all-you-can-eat policy and range of menu options,
students sometimes fill their plates with extra servings that go
untouched. "Going trayless makes sense," says Stephanie
Almeida '11, chair of the student-led Food Committee. "Not
having trays will certainly be inconvenient for some students in
that it will require an extra trip or two, however I expect that it
will also make students more mindful of the quantity of food
they are taking."
In an experiment conducted by the committee last year, it
was estimated that removing trays reduced food waste by more
than 16 percent. Also, dining hall workers will no longer have
to spend time washing trays, and the measure will translate into
big savings for the College on food costs. "Last year it was the
environment impact that was the impetus, but this year it stems
from budgetary concerns," says Sustainability Coordinator
Bowen Patterson '06. "There are really important benefits."
Pomona is making the move with the four other undergraduate
Claremont Colleges to ensure that dining halls are tray-less
across the board, part of a national trend at colleges and universities.


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Watch the Toronto Premiere of The Hunger Games Live!
The Hunger Games heart throbs Josh Hutcherson, Liam Hemsworth and Alexander Ludwig are set to greet fans and walk the red carpet as the post-apocalyptic film makes its Canadian debut today at the Canadian premiere in Toronto at the Scotiabank Theatre. And thanks to Alliance Films, you can catch the event LIVE at 4:30PM ET right here at My Hunger Games!
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GlobalNews.ca and ET Canada will be providing viewers with the latest news, photos, celebrity interviews and fan reaction right from the red carpet.
source: Winnipeg Free Press, thehob.org


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Will Carl Edwards' hot streak continue with a repeat win at Bristol? All of our drivers are on roll so be sure and watch them fight it out for a win at NASCAR's most exciting track! Get all the important statistics and information regarding Roush Fenway Racing's line-up of drivers and what's in store for this weekend in this week's race preview!
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Erik Darnell No. 99 Northern Tool + Equipment Ford F-150


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Sintony.....she's a "celebrated journalist"???? says who??? She is a washed up hack with a cohost on PBS....PBS...PBS...you know...that station who wastes my tax dollars to spout their far left garbach.
And with who???? Snufalufagus....former moral in the Clinton administration.
She is not only misinformed but out of her league. She hasn't a clue what is going on down here.
maree ....you are NUTS!!!
Those deadbeats that stayed away for years had no right in helping decide this past election.
Even WITH thier uneducated vote, that would not have been enough to keep Jindal from a LANDSLIDE into office after YEARS of incompentent Blanco administration...you know...the person who gave us that wonderful "Road Home" program.
But those same uneducated voters that you so warmly talk about had a voice in the mayoral election, and now we have to live another year and more with that moron NAGIN...another fine example of moronic administration.
So why don't you just send off another DOLLAR to the Jefferson Crime family for defense of him and you can feel better about your twisted view on our politics.
Common guys....give the guy a break....he probably was just there on the corner trying to get paid for oral sex....I'm sure that he is a good boy...just go ask his mother.
When Politicians use GAMBLING as the panacea for a struggling economy.....YOU KNOW that you are digging at the bottom of the barrel.
Why is it that the best that Louisianins can EVER come up with is either GAMBLING or PROJECTS requiring grants??
Are we so stupid that we are incapale of developing COMMERCE, creating products or services without stooping so low?
Only when we educate the population will we have enough brain power to compete in the modern world....but until then I guess we will have to settle for rolling the dice, and asking for handouts....just like the street bums.
OHHH GOD...PLZ let there be a transcript of this event!!!
I will bet ANYONE here, that it quickly degrades into how the Feds messed up everything, and those evil vanilla people tried to steal the city away from the chocolate po folk!
How embarrassing that this guy is still in office.
Hope he brought that idiot Blakeley with him as a prop to further demonstrate what "Team Idiot" really looks like.
I was totally befuddled reading this article, but then later....I read who WROTE it!!! Lolis....Now it all made sense!!!
If it looks like a duck, and walks like a duck and sounds like a duck....it's probably a duck.
Call it like it is....she is a racist!
I mean HELLO!!! She set up a committee to support SCUM crime family Jefferson!!!
Birds of a feather FLOCK TOGETHER.
Hey Stupid......I think you meant "dose" but in any case....if you really want a reality check and REALLY believe in "Don't you dare confront me with Facts" syndrome...then why don't you compare Mr. Socialist - Barrack's election promises with what he has done so far.....ohhh....geee.....ummmm.....oh oh!!!
PS - he broke another one today....but I'll bet you haven't a clue as to what the new one is huh?? Haven't got your talking points sent to you yet?
Feedupnola....you need to stop travelling on the Greyhounds now and then. Plenty of gates have doors that activate when you come up to it....but that is not the issue anyway....he tried to go through the gate because he was on time...had lots of time, and the gate should not have been closed, and therefore he should have an expectation that he could go through.
I'm glad that we have people like Vitter here.....he helps make up for all the lazy, do nothings..who sit around and make excuses day in and day out why things aren't done in this city.
I wish we had more like David.
Like someone else above said....at least he apologized for his mistake...unlike the LIAR Clinton who had no problem with perjury!!!
Of course you mental midget Libs still don't undertand what Clinton did and why it was such an important issue.
Good for David Vitter....I don't blame him for going off on that airport employee (if he really did).
The airlines are complete jerks, even though they have set rules, they break them when they want to.
I myself recently arrived at the gate and found it close 15 minutes before flight time. They didn't want to open it, but I demanded to speak to a supervisor and when that person was on the phone they told them to open the gate since the rules were 10 min prior to flight time.
I have no sympathy for airline employees, while there are good ones, they are far outnumbered these days by foul mood ones.
And as far as Vitter's effort are concerned...BRAVO for standing up against MORE THEFT OF PUBLIC ASSETS!!!
You people who are critical are idiots....I can't believe you would support having governemt officials salaries tied to AUTOMATIC increases!!!
Grow up you fools!
Anyone who reads my posts knows that I am against higher taxes....BUT....property taxes in this region are REDICULOUSLY LOW as compared to anywhere in the US. What we need is a FAIR tax system where people pay an appropriate amount and those taxes collected are USED IN AN EFFICIENT and EFFECTIVE way.
This proposal to raise the homestead exemption is REDICULOUS PERIOD!!!!
People here need to wake up and become adults!
If you can afford to own a 170000$ home, you can AFFORD to pay some taxes, and I think that paying something in the $1000 range per year for a home that price is perfectly acceptable.
What people here need to STOP doing, is always have their hands out for free money and handouts from everywhere, and instead concentrate on building wealth instead of always partying!!!
Taxes are sorely needed to bring education up to a higher standard if we are EVER going to get out of the economic doldrums of living in the WORST state in the union.
The only thing Bush is to blame for during Katrina is not taking Nagin up for a ride on Air Force One and dropping him out the window at 32,000 feet.
What a joke watching Nagin talking to Wolf Snoozer on CNN. Yes Nagin....I hope Mr. Obama helps us too....and I hope he starts by SENDING US A REAL MAYOR instead of the INEPT one we have now!
OK here is my take on this issue.
First of all, unless Mr. Crouere has some sort of Cajun supercomputer in his basement, and passwords to the governments databases, how could he know what the actual repurcussions would be?
Only using computer modelling could anyone know what the fallout would be and the costs to the taxpayers should they fail now in this fragile economy.
Secondly, the president is NOT propossing a "bailout" as such, but rather a loan with guaranteed payback. BUT most importantly they have a very limited time to come up with a solid plan to become profitable.
In fact the President is not "BAILING OUT OBAMA" far from it....he is setting Obama up so that if he does not follow through with the Presidents plan....and central to that is the major consessions from the unions on salaries and benefits.....the car companies will be forced into a Chapter 11 bankruptcy administered by the government AS THEY SHOULD!!!
If Obama should take the "socialist" road, then that will become a clear defining moment for fiscal conservatives and serve as an excellent platform for the next presidential election.
So far it appears that while Obama has moved towards the center, he still seems poised to bring on a socialist serving agenda....something I think that could destroy this fragile economy!
And if I may deviate for a moment.....I am sick and tired of reading/seeing news agencies talk about this being the worst economy since the Great Depression!!!!!! WRONG WRONG WRONG
The WORST economy since the great depression was under JIMMY CARTER PERIOD !!!!! Under Carter (who Obama seems to have eerie simialarity with) Under Carter there was nearly 10% unemployment, inflation was 12%+ and worse yet interest rates were in the upper 20% range. This was the worst economy and largely due to his policies that flirted with socialism...but I guess we didn't learn then.
And for you numbskulls who call Viter Evil....what is wrong with you????
Sadam was evil, Hitler was evil, Hillary is ....just kidding, but come on don't talk stupid...that is hardly an intelligent argument.
Vitter made a mistake and fessed up to it...far better then most politicians that deny no matter what the facts are. If Vitter continues to conduct himself in an ethical manner then I believe he is entitled a second chance.
I bet you didn't call Clinton evil for disgracing the whitehouse with his adulterous antics...did you?
HERE WE GO AGAIN...reminds me of the story of the man who killed the goose that lays the golden eggs.
Jindal NEEDS to act on this......it is disgraceful what they get away with.
First of all they CANNOT compare their rates to others in the nation....the cost of living for instance is HALF of that in New York or New Orleans.
Lastly the port has been suffering from declining activity for YEARS and this will only make it worse.
WHY BRING IT INTO NEW ORLEANS when they can skip us and go to Alabama, Mississippi or Texas and save hundreds of thousands of dollars.
GREED is killing this city and the River Pilots are firmly at the TROUGH sucking the life BLOOD out of this region.
All other ports are open bids across the nation...BUT you WILL NEVER see this here, until SOMEONE with GUTS and MORAL INTEGRITY seperates the incest laced River Pilot families away from the public trough.
Flawed argument???? Prove it.....I see nothing that you present that would have me believe that the decision was flawed.
The only thing flawed was allowing years to pass before making a decision.
But your argument does not hold water as to the impact. The city desperately needs some vitality injected into the core. With so many large businesses moved out of the city, we have LOST the foundation that helps support the arts, food and culture.
Who do you think supports the bread and butter of the hospitality industry? Certainly not the tourist, especially not THESE DAYS!
Nope, we need a large "corporate" entity, something with cash to take people to lunch, drinks, and spend money to support these restaurants and cultural venues.....otherwise they will NOT be there for the average person.
Hopefully this will bring some badly lacking business to the core, and that in turn will attract spin off businesses to get some momentum started.
This is so bewildering to me. For 3 years after Katrina, people took it up the *ss with the State run Road Home Program, they put up with Nagin's incompetence, allow the criminals to rule the city, act as if political embezzelment is a normal way of life, and do next to nothing.....but if a church CLOSES after most of the parisheners LEAVE (causing the church property to be no longer viable...most likely a direct result of the above) THEY PROTEST..THEY CONDUCT SIT INs, THEY HOLD THE PLACE HOSTAGE!!!!!
Talk about your priorities being in the wrong place!!!
This is all run of the mill technology that is used all over the world.
Problem is, if you have a Mayor that is incompetent, and he surrounds himself with incompetent people, you get these results.
As for him "promoting" the city outside the state, I know plenty of business people that say they will NEVER invest here "as long as that idiot is your mayor".
Recall petition???? Sorry but with the apathy of New Orleans voters...why even bother?
The problem with these "canned truths" is that most is subject to interpretation and are interdependent on other issues.
The fact is that Obama has played fast and loose with numbers, an attempt to appeal to the middle. But.....if you listen carefully to the tone, and to the promisses, and the facts taht Obama and Biden are 2 of the most Liberal Senators then I think you can figure out what you are going to get.
Add on the Obama "closet" issues with his association to radicals, a racist minister, a wife who said she does not love America, Obama's past cocaine usage, allegations of using crack and other things I would prefer not mentioning, and I think you have a better picture of what we might be getting for a President.
Unfortunately it is the media that has given Barack a very large pass on his vetting, and we are all going to pay for that.
You know the ole saying, if it walks like a duck, quacks like a duck then its probably a duck.....and what we are going to get is the second coming of Jimmy Carter with all his failed economic policies.
Total nonsense by Lolis!
It is high time the PEOPLE of New Orleans get some back bone and stop relying on the Feds to do everything.
The problems LIE IN OUR OWN backyard. WHO IS IT that voted Nagin back into office after HIS dismal performance during Katrina? n Who was in power and distributing the FEDS money after Katrina? Blanco...a DEMOCRAT.
In ANY OTHER STATE the people would have RISEN UP and marched on CITY HALL and the STATE LEGISLATURE!!!
What do we do HERE??? NOTHING. We party, we rebuild our sports stadium and with the rest of our spare time we BLAME THE FEDS who are a THOUSAND miles away, while we let the nincompoops locally get away with anything we want to .
THIS IS NOT BUSH's FAULT this isn't even NAGIN or BLANCO's fault...THIS IS EVERY CITIZEN who lives here's FAULT.
Get off your BUTTS and if you don't want to take the time to PROTEST LOCALLY then dont complain.
The FEDS GAVE us the MONEY...what did we do with it???????
Unfortunaly endless years of Democratic socialism has all but destroyed this great city.
New Orleans was FOUNDED by people who toiled endlessly to build a gem out of swamp, they were not socialist waiting for the FEDS to do eveything for them....but today we are left with a large contigent of people who think there job is to party and while they are resting, wait for the FEDS to drop millions of dollars of freshly printed currency over your heads to catch it mid air and go on living the good life.
Laissez les Bons Temps Rouler !!!!
AZUREBLUE obviously cannot critique their own incompetent party.....Democrats....who had control of the city and state for years.
Incompetence is still with us in the form of yet another Democratic boob..Mayor C. RAY Nagin....most likely to go down in history as the United States worse Mayor ever.
But where are YOUR criticism of this guy...who single who left a mess in his wake, and continues to blaze a path of incompetence all the way to the end of his term.
Bush is the very last on the pecking order of what went wrong. Unfortunately it seems that most libs like you are completely ignorant of the laws that govern this country and instead are all too foolish to place blame where it benefits their outdated and failed policies of liberalism.
To that end, it is refreshing to see that the country is waking up to the Obama campaign of "smoke and mirrors", and even with all the odds and history pointing to the libs chance of power, he is slowly being shown the door.
At best a superficial and naive view of how to solve our complex problems.
It seems as if we are ALWAYS looking for a free ride somhow, by taxing someone, or looking for government money.
We need less taxation and a more progressive government to bring investment, new people, and new ideas to our region....PERIOD
I believe that is Bobby Jindal.
But if I had a magic wand, I would force Bobby, Foster, John Georges, Walter Boaso to be joint governors for one term and work together.
At least for the fist time in memory, we have contenders that at least all seem to have a brain in their heads.


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A foodie is a person who has an ardent or refined interest in food and alcoholic beverages.[1] A foodie seeks new food experiences as a hobby rather than simply eating out of convenience or hunger.
Foodies are a distinct hobbyist group. Typical foodie interests and activities include the food industry, wineries and wine tasting, breweries and beer sampling, food science, following restaurant openings and closings and occasionally reopenings, food distribution, food fads, health and nutrition, cooking classes, culinary tourism, and restaurant management. A foodie might develop a particular interest in a specific item, such as the best egg cream or burrito. Many publications have food columns that cater to foodies and many of the websites carrying the name foodie have become popular amongst the foodies.[2] Interest by foodies in the 1980s and 1990s gave rise to the Food Network and other specialized food programming, popular films and television shows about food such as Top Chef and Iron Chef, a renaissance in specialized cookbooks, specialized periodicals such as Gourmet Magazine and Cook's Illustrated, growing popularity of farmers' markets,[3] food-oriented websites like Zagat's and Yelp, publishing and reading food blogs like Foodbeast and foodieworld, specialized kitchenware stores like Williams-Sonoma and Sur La Table, and the institution of the celebrity chef.
Chris Onstad, author of the webcomic Achewood and the author of the The Achewood Cookbook, stated a dislike for the term. Onstad said "There are so many words that already describe the concept of people who like food, or enjoy cooking, or enjoy knowing about cooking. "Foodie": It's like the infantile diminutive—you put a "y" on the end of everything to make it childlike. We don't need it. It's embarrassing. 'I'm a foodie.' Oh my God."[4]
In a blind trial when they did not know what they were eating, self-identified foodies at a food Expo mistook McDonald's fast food for refined gourmet presentations. [5]
See also[edit]
- ^ The American heritage dictionary of the English language. (4th ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 1992. ISBN 978-0-395-82517-4.
- ^ "The Foodie Stores". Jayanth Dev India's Best Online Review Site.
- ^ The Healthy Foodie (July 31, 2008). "Canadian Farmers Markets: Where to Find Them". AOL Life & Style.
- ^ Norton, James. Chow down, dude. Salon. Tuesday April 10, 2007. Retrieved on July 23, 2011.
- ^ Dutch pranksters trick foodies into thinking McDonald's is gourmet food
External links[edit]
|Look up foodie in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.


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Rappers Kanye West and Jay-Z desecrate Maybach in new 'Otis' music [video]
Rappers destroy a Maybach just for the hell of it in a video for the song Otis
Rappers like flashy, expensive cars and sometimes they even enjoy showing those pricey items off in an neverending effort to prove their wealth. But for tier 1 rappers Kanye West and Jay-Z, that kind of poseur activity is a bit contrived.
So, in an effort to be shocking and stay controversial Kanye and Jay-Z take a torch and sawzall wielding team of body men to this $300,000 Maybach for their latest music video "Otis", a tribute to Otis Redding.
The result is this flame spewing abomination suited for a post-apocalyptic action film such as Mad Max. Even better, try to picture a high society debutante turned into a heroine addict.
On second thought, this car is actually pretty cool!
Source: Autoblog.nl
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Comments (36)
I could't possibly care less about what they did to the Maybach. What it does sound like to me is that most of you are angry/upset because #1.You will never know what it's like to have money and do with it as you please, at any given time, without worrying about cost. #2.You're even angrier that it was done by two "ghetto" black guys, who you consider beneath you, and you, with your low self esteem, hate that. It burns you up. I don't have to agree with what they did, but, I wont be losing any sleep over what the next man is doing, when it does not affect me in any way. Also keep in mind their line of work. These are the kind of things that they all do (trying to out flash each other) With that in mind, I understand the point. (Every rapper says he's the richest, and blah blah blah, but, these two rappers just destroyed what other rappers use as a trophy.
Aug 16th, 2011 8:42pm
Please stop hating! Nobody has sh!t to say when they blow up 10 Aston Martins for a Bond Movie, or wreck a dozen Audi A8L W12's in Transporter, or all those cars including prototypes in the Transformers movies. At least they are selling the car and donating proceeds to charity. They have the money, earned it fair and square, so let them spend it the way they want to. Some of you blow your rent money on gambling, whores, and drugs. You dont see JayZ or Kanye in your house calling you stupid, or monkey. Just STFU and let them be. If they ever go broke in the future, Im sure this video will be around to haunt them.
Aug 14th, 2011 8:14pm
Have to agree with you slim. Really, there's enough cars destroyed for movies, publicity stunts, or just plain old poor driving, not to mention MANY ways people blow their money badly. This is no different.
Aug 16th, 2011 7:11pm
The joke is that the "modified" car end up looking like a stretched Bugatti.
Aug 14th, 2011 6:09pm
When you look at the plates you can see a plate with an M which stands for Munich: So maybe BMW paid the old maybach and were glad to see it killed by two idiots.
Aug 13th, 2011 4:20pm
so what? it is called entertainment, that is Rap at its best, desecrate that car, based on the lyrics of otis redding's they made a song about how cocky they are...big deal, now how in the blue gazes you see upbringing n social class to this? insted of "balling" the went crazy in the videos, are you guys like 45 n up in here? gosh darn it...
Aug 13th, 2011 1:04pm
As a young guy who likes quite a bit of hip hop, I still have to say this is blatantly stupid and is the kind of thing that makes so many people hate America. Kanye West is renowned for being a class idiot but this is a bit surprising from Jay Z. Btw, here's a photo of Kanye 'keeping it real' :http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-4uUYzp6UQS8/ThOBEuHY-eI/AAAAAAAAAQk/wqlcUQi1zn0/s1600/Kanye_Blouse.jpg
Aug 13th, 2011 12:35pm
wa-heyyy ! Boyz in Da 'Hood having fun ! i would have declared this event a national holiday if the chop job was instead done on a PorschePanamera . on second thought , the babes are unquestionably verrrry attractive !
Aug 13th, 2011 11:53am
i was hopping they would say "No Maybachs where harmed for this video."
Aug 13th, 2011 3:08am
I'm in shock. That's terrible in every possible way! Oh the humanity...
Aug 13th, 2011 2:37am
HA! I specifically came to this site to see if there was gonna be any mention of the Maybach in the Otis video. Along with the rappers suck, ghetto monkey BS talk the was gonna ensue. Sure it hurt watching them cut up a perfectly good Maybach. But if you watch closely you'll notice that those are 2 totally different Maybachs. The one in the beginning shot is brand new with the new style grille while the one they cut up is a older one. Plus the car is gonna be auctioned off and the proceeds are going to help the people affected by the east African drought. So hush.
Aug 13th, 2011 1:57am
if they sold a perfectly normal maybach it would have been much more money than a gutted maybach.
Aug 13th, 2011 3:10am
The headline should read: Look what happens when you give to much money to degenerates. I hope the class envy folks take note that this is meant to be an in your face statement to the lower and middle class.
Aug 13th, 2011 1:37am
Maybach for sale, salvage title had minor body work repaired after 2 inmature ghetto hommies vandalized some body panels. Interior not touched.
Aug 13th, 2011 12:48am
Im an avid music fan (all types) so I watched the video premiere... The hairs stood up on my neck during the intro when they walked so casually toward the bach with torches and sawz in hand. An abomination... The glass roof by itself was worth $10K...
Aug 13th, 2011 12:14am
Look at these fakers, first they show a current Maybach (facelifted version), later it's an older one...so all in all, they didn't have the nuts or the money to destroy a new maybach lol
Aug 12th, 2011 8:36pm
they(west,carter) have very high opinion of themselves thinking destroying maybach by them is some kind of art and selling it for charity, bunch of egoidiots
Aug 12th, 2011 8:09pm
Kanye is a joke and everybody knows it, he's a gayfish, rap videos are lame, but at the end of they day they can probably sell the Bach for more than they paid after it was in this video.
Aug 12th, 2011 8:05pm
In Russia it's called cattle-tuning or ara-tunung
Aug 12th, 2011 7:42pm
Tsk tsk... This sorta stuff made me stop listening to rap ages ago. Am in Africa and it saddens me to watch such stupid extravagance when people are dying of hunger elsewhere.
Aug 12th, 2011 7:39pm
It saddens me that two men who came from poverty have now reached the point that they can destroy a Luxury car for entertainment, and people think that's cool. They didn't do it for Otis Redding... nothing that they said in that song did anything to honor his name, in fact they kicked dirt on it! Not all people who rap are like them, I want everyone to know that, and the fact that they're are standing in front of an American Flag doing it! Then wonder why other countries hate Americans. This video is TRASH! Please WCF next time you have a video with rappers in it doing this BS... Don't even post it, cause we don't wanna see this crap.
Aug 12th, 2011 7:12pm
So you've never liked a movie that had exotic or luxury cars blown up or intentionally crashed? Mission Impossible and various James Bond movies come to mind. That's considered entertainment. Please explain what makes this different.
Aug 12th, 2011 7:48pm
Btw, Kanye grew up middle class. But you're not totally wrong, since Jay-Z grew up in the projects.
Aug 13th, 2011 12:35am
@ Ager, duly noted. @ DrPlacebo there is not too many movies with exotic cars that I don't like. Entertainment is entertainment. There is no difference when you get down to it, one you have a plot, protagonist, antagonist, 1st, 2nd and 3rd Act, conflict, climax and then you have music videos which can have the same or just have some cool shots, which this video had. It just bothers me because it seems as though they are throwing the fact that they have money in everyone's face. People buy their albums, go to their concerts and they brag about how rich they are. I hope that makes it clear.
Aug 15th, 2011 11:51pm
This video is one of the worst I have ever seen.
Aug 12th, 2011 7:02pm


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