text:
An apparatus for developing a latent image recorded on an imaging surface, including a donor member, spaced from the imaging surface, for transporting toner on the surface thereof to a region opposed from the imaging surface, the donor member includes an electrode array on the outer surface thereof, the array including a plurality of spaced apart electrodes extending substantial across width of the surface of the donor member; loading toner onto the donor member; a multi-phase voltage source operatively coupled to the electrode array, the multiphase voltage source generating a waveform which creates an electrodynamic wave pattern for moving toner particles of one polarity to and from a development zone and preventing toner particles of the opposite polarity from moving on to the development zone.
1. An apparatus for developing a latent image recorded on an imaging surface, comprising:
a donor member, spaced from the imaging surface, for transporting toner on the surface thereof to a region opposed from the imaging surface, said donor member includes an electrode array on the outer surface thereof, said array including a plurality of spaced apart electrodes extending substantial across width of the surface of the donor member;
means for loading toner onto said donor member;
a multi-phase voltage source operatively coupled to said electrode array, said multiphase voltage source generating a waveform which creates an electrodynamic wave pattern for moving toner particles of one polarity to and from a development zone and preventing toner particles of the opposite polarity from moving to said development zone, said waveform generates a unipolar synchronous wave mode wherein toner particles of said first polarity are transported at a wave phase velocity of said waveform.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said wave form is a temporally waveform.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said wave form is a static asymmetry.
4. An apparatus for developing a latent image recorded on an imaging surface, comprising:
a donor member, spaced from the imaging surface, for transporting toner on the surface thereof to a region opposed from the imaging surface, said donor member includes an electrode array on the outer surface thereof, said array including a plurality of spaced apart electrodes extending substantial across width of the surface of the donor member;
means for loading toner onto said donor member;
a multi-phase voltage source operatively coupled to said electrode array, said multiphase voltage source generating a waveform which creates an electrodynamic wave pattern for moving toner particles of one polarity to and from a development zone and preventing toner particles of the opposite polarity from moving on to said development zone, said waveform generates an ambipolar bi-directional wave mode wherein toner particles of said first polarity and toner particles of the opposite polarity are transported in opposite directions from each other.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein said wave form is a temporally waveform.
6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein said wave form is a static asymmetry.
7. A method for transporting charge particles on a traveling wave grid comprising the steps of:
generating a waveform on said travel wave grid, which creates an electrodynamic wave pattern, said generating step includes forming an electric potential pattern whose one side essentially regularly translates with time, while the opposite side executes more complex movements;
moving particles of one polarity in a first direction with said electrodynamic wave pattern; and
preventing particles of the opposite polarity from moving in said first direction with said electrodynamic wave pattern.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein said generating step includes regularly translating with time an asymmetric electric potential pattern.
This invention relates generally to a development apparatus for ionographic or electrophotographic imaging and printing apparatuses and machines, and more particularly is directed to a toner transport using traveling wave potential waveforms for separation of opposite sign charged particles, but can be also applied in other machines and technologies which involve handling and/or separation of small charged particles.
The following is specifically incorporated by reference patent application, D/98522, U.S. Ser. No., 09/312,873, D/98523, U.S. Ser. No. 09 1312,872 and D199724, U.S. Ser. No. 09/145,837 entitled "A MULTIZONE METHOD FOR XEROGRAPHIC POWDER DEVELOPMENT: VOLTAGE SIGNAL APPROACH", "A METHOD FOR LOADING DRY XEROGRAPHIC TONER ONTO A TRAVELING WAVE GRID"and "TONER TRANSPORT USING SUPERIMPOSED TRAVELING ELECTRIC POTENTIAL WAVES, respectively.
Generally, the process of electrophotographic printing includes charging a photoconductive member to a substantially uniform potential so as to sensitize the surface thereof. The charged portion of the photoconductive surface is exposed to a light image from either a scanning laser beam or an original document being reproduced. This records an electrostatic latent image on the photoconductive surface. After the electrostatic latent image is recorded on the photoconductive surface, the latent image is developed. Two component and single component developer materials are commonly used for development. A typical two component developer comprises magnetic carrier granules having toner particles adhering triboelectrically thereto. A single component developer material typically comprises toner particles. Toner particles are attracted to the latent image forming a toner powder image on the photoconductive surface, the toner powder image is subsequently transferred to a copy sheet, and finally, the toner powder image is heated to permanently fuse it to the copy sheet in image configuration.
The electrophotographic marking process given above can be modified to produce color images. One color electrophotographic marking process, called image on image processing, superimposes toner powder images of different color toners onto the photoreceptor prior to the transfer of the composite toner powder image onto the substrate. While image on image process is beneficial, it has several problems. For example, when recharging the photoreceptor in preparation for creating another color toner powder image it is important to level the voltages between the previously toned and the untoned areas of the photoreceptor.
In the application of the toner to the latent electrostatic images contained on the charge-retentive surface, it is necessary to transport the toner from a developer housing to the surface. A limitation of conventional xerographic development systems, including both magnetic brush and single component, is the inability to deliver toner (i.e. charged pigment) to the latent images without creating large adhesive forces between the toner and the conveyor on which the toner rests and which transports the toner to latent images. As will be appreciated, large fluctuation in the adhesive forces that cause the pigment to tenaciously adhere to the carrier severely limits the sensitivity of the developer system thereby necessitating higher contrast voltages forming the images. Accordingly, it is desirable to reduce the large adhesion particularly in connection with latent images formed by contrasting voltages.
In order to minimize the adhesive forces, there is provided, in the preferred embodiment of the invention a toner conveyor including means for generating traveling electrostatic waves which can constantly move the toner about the surface of the conveyor with minimal static contact therewith.
Traveling waves have been employed for transporting toner particles in a development system, for example U.S. Pat. No. 4,647,179 to Schmidlin which is hereby incorporated by reference. In that patent, the traveling wave is generated by alternating voltages of three or more phases applied to a linear array of conductors placed abut the outer periphery of the conveyor. The force F for moving the toner about the conveyor is equal qEt where q is the charge on the toner and Et is the tangential field supplied by a multi-phase AC voltage applied to the array of conductors.
Traveling wave devices have been proposed for a number of years to transport, separate and deliver charged particles to a latent electrostatic image. Some of the other reasons this is an attractive approach include absence of moving mechanical parts, control of the toner position, long and stable development zones, and architectural flexibility. A semiconductive overcoat may be desirable on the grid providing a smooth surface for the toner motion and also a possible charge relaxation channel. It has been found that various modes of charged particle transport are possible. The so-called synchronous modes of the electrostatic traveling wave transport have been found and indicated as appropriate to facilitate the toner transport that can be used for xerographic development systems. In those modes, the toner particles move along the carrying surface with the traveling wave phase velocity vph=ω/k where ω and k are the frequency and the wavevector of the wave respectively. This velocity is achieved through the action of the longitudinal (x) component of the electrostatic force while the normal (z) component of the force on the average contains the toners near the carrying surface.
In the other, so-called "curtain" or asynchronous mode, toners would be effectively repelled by the wave from the surface and could be retained only by an external force such as the gravity or an applied electric field. In the absence of the latter, the toners would be very loose and subject to emissions. Transport in this mode ordinarily occurs with velocities much lower than vph.
There is provided an apparatus for developing a latent image recorded on an imaging surface, including a donor member, spaced from the imaging surface, for transporting toner on the surface thereof to a region opposed from the imaging surface, said donor member includes an electrode array on the outer surface thereof, said array including a plurality of spaced apart electrodes extending substantial across width of the surface of the donor member; loading toner onto said donor member; a multi-phase voltage source operatively coupled to said electrode array, said multiphase voltage source generating a waveform which creates an electrodynamic wave pattern for moving toner particles of one polarity to and from a development zone and preventing toner particles of the opposite polarity from moving on to said development zone.
An object of the present invention is to provide a novel class of electrostatic potential waveforms for traveling wave grids which will enable effective dynamic separation of charged particles of opposite signs as an additional functionality to their transport. This class comprises such waveforms that produce electrostatic potential reliefs with a special kind of either temporal or static asymmetry. With waveforms of the present invention, charged particles (e.g. toners) of opposite polarities are forced to exhibit very different dynamic responses, e.g., they can be transported in an unipolar synchronous mode (only species of one sign would be able to move with the wave phase velocity) or in an ambipolar bidirectional mode (particles of opposite signs move in opposite directions).
FIGS. 1-12 illustrate various driving waveforms and particle trajectories pertinent to the subject of the present invention and are described in more detail below.
FIGS. 13—16 show illustrative printing and development apparatuses:
FIG. 13 is a schematic elevational view of an illustrative electrophotographic printing or imaging machine or apparatus incorporating a development apparatus that can have the features of the present invention therein;
FIG. 14 is a schematic elevational view showing the development apparatus used in the FIG. 13 printing machine;
FIGS. 15 and 16 are top view of a portion of the flexible donor belt that can be used in the context of the present invention;
Inasmuch as the art of electrophotographic printing is well known, the various processing stations employed in the printing machine will be shown hereinafter schematically and their operation described briefly with reference thereto.
Referring initially to FIG. 13, there is shown an illustrative electrophotographic machine having incorporated therein the development apparatus of the present invention. An electrophotographic printing machine creates a color image in a single pass through the machine and incorporates the features of the present invention. The printing machine uses a charge retentive surface in the form of an Active Matrix (AMAT) photoreceptor belt 10 which travels sequentially through various process stations in the direction indicated by the arrow 12. Belt travel is brought about by mounting the belt about a drive roller 14 and two tension rollers 16 and 18 and then rotating the drive roller 14 via a drive motor 20.
As the photoreceptor belt moves, each part of it passes through each of the subsequently described process stations. For convenience, a single section of the photoreceptor belt, referred to as the image area, is identified. The image area is that part of the photoreceptor belt which is to receive the toner powder images which, after being transferred to a substrate, produce the final image. While the photoreceptor belt may have numerous image areas, since each image area is processed in the same way, a description of the typical processing of one image area suffices to fully explain the operation of the printing machine.
As the photoreceptor belt 10 moves, the image area passes through a charging station A. At charging station A, a corona generating device, indicated generally by the reference numeral 22, charges the image area to a relatively high and substantially uniform potential.
After passing through the charging station A, the now charged image area passes through a first exposure station B. At exposure station B, the charged image area is exposed to light which illuminates the image area with a light representation of a first color (say black) image. That light representation discharges some parts of the image area so as to create an electrostatic latent image. While the illustrated embodiment uses a laser based output scanning device 24 as a light source, it is to be understood that other light sources, for example an LED printbar, can also be used with the principles of the present invention
After passing through the first exposure station B, the now exposed image area passes through a first development station C which is identical in structure with development system E, G, and I. The first development station C deposits a first color, say black, of negatively charged toner 76 onto the image area. That toner is attracted to the less negative sections of the image area and repelled by the more negative sections. The result is a first toner powder image on the image area.
For the first development station C, development system 34 includes a flexible donor belt 42 having groups of electrode arrays near the surface of the belt which develops the image with toner.
After passing through the first development station C, the now exposed and toned image area passes to a first recharging station D. The recharging station D is comprised of two corona recharging devices, a first recharging device 36 and a second recharging device 37, which act together to recharge the voltage levels of both the toned and untoned parts of the image area to a substantially uniform level. It is to be understood that power supplies are coupled to the first and second recharging devices 36 and 37, and to any grid or other voltage control surface associated therewith, as required so that the necessary electrical inputs are available for the recharging devices to accomplish their task.
After being recharged by the first recharging device 36, the image area passes to the second recharging device 37.
After being recharged at the first recharging station D, the now substantially uniformly charged image area with its first toner powder image passes to a second exposure station 38. Except for the fact that the second exposure station illuminates the image area with a light representation of a second color image (say yellow) to create a second electrostatic latent image, the second exposure station 38 is the same as the first exposure station B.
The image area then passes to a second development station E. Except for the fact that the second development station E contains a toner which is of a different color (yellow) than the toner (black) in the first development station C, the second development station is beneficially the same as the first development station. Since the toner is attracted to the less negative parts of the image area and repelled by the more negative parts, after passing through the second development station E the image area has first and second toner powder images which may overlap.
The image area then passes to a second recharging station F. The second recharging station F has first and second recharging devices, the devices 51 and 52, respectively, which operate similar to the recharging devices 36 and 37.
The now recharged image area then passes through a third exposure station 53. Except for the fact that the third exposure station illuminates the image area with a light representation of a third color image (say magenta) so as to create a third electrostatic latent image, the third exposure station 38 is the same as the first and second exposure stations B and 38. The third electrostatic latent image is then developed using a third color of toner (magenta) contained in a third development station G.
The now recharged image area then passes through a third recharging station H. The third recharging station includes a pair of corona recharge devices 61 and 62 which adjust the voltage level of both the toned and untoned parts of the image area to a substantially uniform level in a manner similar to the corona recharging devices 36 and 37 and recharging devices 51 and 52.
After passing through the third recharging station the now recharged image area then passes through a fourth exposure station 63. Except for the fact that the fourth exposure station illuminates the image area with a light representation of a fourth color image (say cyan) so as to create a fourth electrostatic latent image, the fourth exposure station 63 is the same as the first, second, and third exposure stations, the exposure stations B, 38, and 53, respectively. The fourth electrostatic latent image is then developed using a fourth color toner (cyan) contained in a fourth development station I.
To condition the toner for effective transfer to a substrate, the image area then passes to a pretransfer corotron member 50 which delivers corona charge to ensure that the toner particles are of the required charge level so as to ensure proper subsequent transfer.
After passing the corotron member 50, the four toner powder images are transferred from the image area onto a support sheet 52 at transfer station J. It is to be understood that the support sheet is advanced to the transfer station in the direction 58 by a conventional sheet feeding apparatus which is not shown. The transfer station J includes a transfer corona device 54 which sprays positive ions onto the backside of sheet 52. This causes the negatively charged toner powder images to move onto the support sheet 52. The transfer station J also includes a detack corona device 56 which facilitates the removal of the support sheet 52 from the printing machine 8.
After transfer, the support sheet 52 moves onto a conveyor (not shown) which advances that sheet to a fusing station K. The fusing station K includes a fuser assembly, indicated generally by the reference numeral 60, which permanently affixes the transferred powder image to the support sheet 52. Preferably, the fuser assembly 60 includes a heated fuser roller 62 and a backup or pressure roller 64. When the support sheet 52 passes between the fuser roller 62 and the backup roller 64 the toner powder is permanently affixed to the sheet support 52. After fusing, a chute, not shown, guides the support sheets 52 to a catch tray, also not shown, for removal by an operator.
After the support sheet 52 has separated from the photoreceptor belt 10, residual toner particles on the image area are removed at cleaning station L via a cleaning brush contained in a housing 66. The image area is then ready to begin a new marking cycle.
The various machine functions described above are generally managed and regulated by a controller which provides electrical command signals for controlling the operations described above.
Turning to FIG. 14, which illustrates the development system 34 in greater detail, development system 34 includes a housing 44 defining a chamber 76 for storing a supply of developer material therein. Donor belt 42 is mounted on stationary roll 41 and belt portion 43 is mounted adjacent to magnetic roll 46. Donor belts 42 comprise a flexible circuit broad having finely spaced electrode array 200 thereon as shown in FIGS. 15 and 16. The typical spacing between electrodes is between 75 and 100 microns. The electrode array 200 has a four phase grid structure consisting of electrodes 202, 204, 206 and 208 having a voltage source and a wave generator 300 operatively connected thereto in the manner shown in order to supply the proper wave form in the appropriate electrode area groups A-E.
Electrode array 200 has group areas A-E in which each group area is individually addressable to perform the function of: (A) Loading toner onto the array from the housing; (B) Transferring toner to the development zone; (C) Developing the image in the development zone; (D) Transferring toner from the development zone and (E) Unloading toner from the array back into the housing. Each electrode array group area is independently addressable and operatively connected to voltage source 220 and wave generator 300. The electrodes in array group area (A) picks up the toner from the housing and transports it via the electrostatic wave set up by wave generator 300. Electrode array group areas A-E connected to the voltage source via wave generator 300 develops a traveling wave pattern is established. The electrostatic field forming the traveling wave pattern loads the toner particles from the developer sump 76 to the surface of the donor belt 42 and transports them along donor belt 42 to the development zone with the photoreceptor belt 10 where they are transferred to the latent electrostatic images on the belt 10. Thereafter, the remaining (untransferred) toner is moved by electrode array group area D to electrode group area E where remaining toner is unloaded off the belt.
An important property of this type of transporting device, especially in the context of electrode group areas A and B, is the ability to classify toners, e.g., by tribo, i.e. their charge-to-mass ratio, q/m. For instance, for given frequency and amplitude of the wave, only toners charged higher than some critical value would be able to move synchronously with the wave (to "catch the wave"). Correspondingly, very low-tribo toners would not be delivered into the development zone. However, for toner supplies containing both positively and negatively charged particles, it is another question that becomes very important, i.e. whether an effective separation of species can be achieved based solely on the sign of their charge (positive vs. negative) rather than on the magnitude of this charge or other particle parameters. From the very nature of the idealized (basic) sinusoidal traveling wave, it is clear that such a wave would like to transport particles of either sign in the same direction (that of the running wave itself, although separated by a half wavelength from each other. Indeed, the electrostatic force arising from a sinusoidal wave is given by its components
where the phase φ=kx−ωt, Eo the maximum field strength and q the particle charge. Evidently, the same distribution of the electrostatic forces would be seen by a particle of charge (−q) but positioned with respect to the wave with the phase shift π:φ→φ+π. In other words, particles of opposite signs would ride opposite sides of the potential hill of the wave. The same considerations can apply for practical grid designs with finite number of phase electrodes, as is, e.g., sketched in FIG. 1 for a 4-phase grid design utilizing a conventional pulsed waveform.
FIG. 1. Schematically shown are potentials applied at different times of a conventional 50% duty cycle signal to electrodes of a 4-phase grid (displayed are 8 electrodes corresponding to two wavelengths of the structure). Circles symbolize positions of different charged particles right at the moment when the potential pattern indicated is switched on. Responding to a new distribution of electric fields, particles "move" to a new position shown at the next time step. Clear circle symbols are for positive particles and black circle ones are for negative. T is the period of the signal. We chose to schematically show the particles in between the electrodes (where the longitudinal forces are effective). The simplistic picture of synchronous transport displayed in FIG. 1 is corroborated by dynamical simulations as well as experimentally. Obviously, positive and negative particles here are transported in the same direction.
FIG. 2. The corresponding voltage pattern driving the electrodes of this grid during one period T For clarity, the voltage profiles for different electrodes are displaced vertically—the lower and upper values of the potential pattern are in fact the same for all electrodes.
The situation with practical grids employing various temporal waveforms is more complex than that with the idealized sinusoidal wave. An arbitrary potential waveform for an n-phase grid structure can be written as
where gi and fi represent the temporal (periodic with period T) and spatial (periodic with period λ) contributions from the λ electrode. The hardware grid design defines usually fi(x)=f(x−λ/n) where λ is the structure wavelength—all electrodes are the same. It is the temporal waveform gi(t) that can be judiciously designed to achieve the separation purpose of the present invention. At each moment of time t, the potential relief (2) can be thought of as a periodically repeated potential hill structure. FIG. 1, e.g., gives a clear visualization of such a picture. The derivatives of the potential hill yield the fields acting on charged particles. Evidently opposite sides of the potential hill there are effectively responsible for a coherent interaction with oppositely charged particles respectively. The electrostatic picture of FIG. 1 possesses two important properties: firstly, the potential hill is symmetric with respect to a mirror reflection, and secondly, its time evolution corresponds essentially to translations along the wave propagation direction (preservation of shape). Whenever these two properties are in place (the latter, in general, with some accuracy caused by the discrete electrode structure), one should expect a similar transport pattern for both positive and negative charges. More precisely, dynamical simulations show that details of transport can sometimes differ for species of opposite signs but an overall average effect generally turns out to be the same.
To make synchronous transport for species of one sign prohibited, we propose to use waveforms that sufficiently strongly violate either of the two potential properties mentioned above. That is, e.g., the potential hill can be made strongly asymmetric statically, or, otherwise, its overall temporal evolution can be made more complex than a mere translation asymmetrically affecting potential hill's slopes. In what follows we give examples of such waveforms.
In the first example, illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4, we temporally modulate the waveform in such a way that one side of the potential hill regularly translates with time (so that the particles riding this side can adjust their positions with respect to the wave) while the other side's relative position "fluctuates" (so that the particles that would otherwise ride this side have no time to adjust, fall "out-of-phase " and lose the wave; in practical conditions these particles would probably not load onto the grid at all.
FIG. 3. Using the same notation as FIG. 1, the potential patterns and their effect on charged particles are shown for the case where the waveform alternates between 50% and 25% duty cycle with the frequency twice as high as the main frequency.
FIG. 4. The corresponding voltage pattern driving the electrodes of this grid during one period T The same vertical displacement of voltage profiles for different electrodes as in FIG. 2.
As the simplistic picture of FIG. 3 suggests, the positive charges there are capable of synchronously moving with the wave while the negative charges cannot catch the wave (compare with FIG. 1). Dynamical simulations confirm this insight and show that the negative charges in this case are lifted from the carrying surface and could continue their transport but already only in the asynchronous curtain mode. The same method of waveform alternations works as well for 3-phase grids and other grid designs. As can be seen in FIG. 3, the potential drop used by the positive particle retains its relative position with respect to the wave, the negative charge, on the other hand, cannot see a "consistent" propelling force pattern.
In the second example, we use the facts that a modulated waveform can be made 'commensurable" with the wavelength and that opposite sides of the potential hill made act "coherently", to devise waveforms whose effects on particles of opposite signs would be even more "opposite ". The potential waveform shown in FIG. 5 differs from that in FIG. 3 by modified potentials of the electrodes at t=0.25T and t=0.75T so that momentarily the pattern looks as having the spatial period twice as small. The effect on transport turns out to be drastic: the species of opposite signs can now be transported in opposite directions.
FIG. 5. Schematics of a modulated waveform that facilitates transport of opposite sign particles in opposite directions.
FIG. 6. The corresponding voltage pattern driving the electrodes of this grid during one period T The same vertical displacement of voltage profiles for different electrodes as in FIG. 2.
Again, simplistic considerations illustrated in FIG. 5 are confirmed by dynamic simulations. FIGS. 7A, 7B and FIGS. 8A, 8B show trajectories of a positive and a negative particle, respectively, induced by the waveform of FIG. 5. Evidently from FIGS. 7A, 7B and FIGS. 8A, 8B, particles of opposite signs indeed move in opposite directions in a hopping synchronous mode. The effect has been confirmed experimentally as well.
In the third example, we use such a waveform that produces a strongly asymmetric potential hill structure that regularly translates with time along the wave propagation. Therefore electric fields in one direction turn out to be much stronger than in the opposite direction (although on a larger scale). With asymmetry strong enough, the particles that would otherwise ride the less steeper side of the hill cannot catch the traveling wave and are repelled by the wave away from the carrying surface. They are then either lost to emissions or transported in the curtain mode with the velocity much lower than the wave phase velocity. The discussed waveforms can therefore provide transport in the unipolar synchronous mode, similarly to the situation discussed in the first example FIGS. 9 and 10 schematically show an example of such a waveform.
This waveform as seen by individual electrodes corresponds to the ramp-type driving voltage as shown in FIG. 10 (or its pulsed counterpart, and, of course, with appropriate phase shifts for different electrodes Evidently, the electric field moving a positive particle in this example is about three times stronger in this case than the field that would move a negative particle in the wave's direction. The negative particle is displayed as being lost while the positive particle moves with the wave phase velocity
The results of dynamical simulations using this type of waveform for positive and negative particles are shown in FIGS. 11 and 12.
As seen in FIGS. 11A, 11B the electric field strength turns out to be sufficient to balance air drag and surface friction for the positive particle and it catches the wave. The electric field relevant for the negative particle is not high enough and the particle is repelled away from the surface to be lost by the wave, as displayed in FIGS. 12A and 12B.
The examples above have been intended to illustrate how the general principles of the present invention can be implemented. Evidently, many other implementations are possible that would use these general principles and also lead to different dynamic responses for oppositely charged particles. Other embodiments and modifications of the present invention may occur to those skilled in the art subsequent to a review of the information presented herein; these embodiments and modifications, as well as equivalents thereof, are also included within the scope of this invention.
Patent Citations
Referenced by
Legal Events
Original Image


text:
GREENVILLE, S.C. – Mitt Romney on Friday sought to clarify comments he made about Medicaid after Democrats seized on an earlier comment of his that he didn't understand what the program was until he started working in government.
At a campaign event in Sioux Falls, Iowa, Romney told an audience in a discussion about Medicare and Medicaid: "I have to admit I didn't know all the differences between these things before I got into government. And then I got into it and understood that Medicaid is the health care program for the poor, by and large."
His comment led the Democratic National Committee to try to further the impression of Romney as being out of touch –- something the party has done aggressively since his remark at last week's debate about offering Rick Perry a $10,000 bet.
DNC spokesman Brad Woodhouse sent a sarcastic email noting that Romney was elected Massachusetts' governor in 2002. "Mitt Romney was 55 when he learned what Medicaid was? He went through a Senate race and a governor's race without knowing what Medicaid was? He didn't know what Medicaid was until he became governor?"
To a small group of reporters traveling with him from Iowa to South Carolina -- where he went to accept the endorsement of Gov. Nikki Haley -- Romney clarified that the casual remark was a reference to when against Democratic Sen. Ted Kennedy in 1994. He said he had consulted health care groups in the private sector on Medicare and Medicaid prior to running, but not on the fine details of each.
Romney's spokeswoman, Andrea Saul, also issued a statement: "Democrats are continuing their campaign of distortion and distraction because President Obama's policies have failed the middle class in America … Instead of focusing on out-of-control spending and record unemployment, President Obama and his political machine are focused on campaigning to try and tear down Mitt Romney."

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Case Study
Data from a 2009 modeling exercise suggested that Rwanda has a mixed HIV epidemic, meaning that transmission occurs within both most-at-risk popula
Gender-based violence (GBV) is widely recognized as both a cause and a consequence of HIV infection. To help program managers integrate GBV prevent
Although transgender individuals are a highly vulnerable segment of El Salvador's population, the national political climate has only recently begu
In many countries facing high-prevalence, generalized HIV epidemics, the development of a national prevention strategy is difficult and often does
Men who have sex with men (MSM) have been neglected in HIV programming in sub-Saharan Africa, frequently ignored in national strategies and hidden
USAID, in collaboration with AIDSTAR-One, is presenting a series of webinars targeting program planners interested in utilizing care and support to
As part of the XIX International AIDS Conference, held in Washington, D.C., from July 22-27, 2012, the World Bank, the U.S. Agency for Internationa
The first debate in the USAID and World Bank-sponsored Emerging Issues in Today's HIV Response Debate Series was based on the following propositi
Promising Practice
MEMA kwa Vijana (MkV), or "Good things for young people," used a multi-sectoral approach to prevent HIV and improve sexual hea
Middle-income countries with adequate health system infrastructure and willingness to provide PMTCT services can implement dif
This study examines the role of incentives in encouraging companies in Thailand to adopt workplace policies and programs that
Issue Brief
Over the past decade, there have been increasing numbers of successful, practical interventions that address HIV's structural factors.
HIV Prevention Knowledge Base Entry
Structural approaches reduce an individual's vulnerability to HIV by creating the conditions in which people can adopt safer behaviors. For example
Although the effects of HIV in the workplace differ by the size of the company/organization and the type of labor employed, for many companies
Due to the complexity of HIV prevention, both programmatic and policy-related interven
Technical Consultation Material
October 2013, Guatemala- On October 10-11, 2013, the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)--including the Office of the G
August 2012, Bangkok, Thailand - From August 28-30, 2012, the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief's (PEPFAR) most-at-risk popula
June 2011, Washington, DC - Together with partners from United Nations Joint Programme on HIV/AIDS, the World Health Organization, the Bil
May 2010, Washington, DC - At this consultation, country delegates along with invited research, program, and gender-based violence experts
December 2009, Guatemala - The purpose of the meeting was to share evidence and program experiences to inform policies, develop effective
PEPFAR and USAID, in collaboration with UNICEF, supported AIDSTAR-One in conducting a mapping activity to identify HIV policies and services for ad
USAID/Namibia received anecdotal evidence suggesting that over-the-counter (OTC) HIV rapid test kits (RTKs) were being sold to consumers for HIV se
HIV and mental illness are significant global public health concerns in Zimbabwe. A coordinated and comprehensive response, particularly between HI
While there is emerging literature on the gender-related needs of MARPs, how programs are addressing these needs or integrating gender strategies i
In countries battling the most severe HIV epidemics in the world, there is yet another powerful and under-addressed structural force at play: the u
Success Story
The story is about the success of AIDSTAR-One in leveraging resources from government as well as USG partners for health care waste management.
Technical Brief
In 2010, the World Health Organization released revised recommendations for adult and adolescent HIV treatment. This t
In April 2008, the WHO Technical Reference Group for Pediatric HIV/ART and Care released a series of nine updated recommendations for diagnostic
Many countries have begun to decentralize HIV treatment to primary health care (PHC) centers to decrease the burden of providing HIV services at ex
Gender-based violence (GBV) is a major problem throughout the world, and the intersection
capacity building, community engagement, community mobilization, facility-level interventions, gender norms, gender-based violence (GBV), household-level interventions, human rights, livelihoods, male norms, mass media, peer outreach and education, policy, violence and coercion, women, workplace policies and programs
Tools and Curricula
This guide serves as a tool for program managers to not only begin to address GBV within their programs, but also to plan for greater integration a
The K4Health Project IGWG Gender and Health Toolkit provides practical and hands-on how-to resources for gender integration and mainstreaming in
Health Policy Initiative Document
This paper describes the HPI's effort to develop a better understanding of fundamental barriers to policy implementation through conducting a Poli
This activity was designed to pilot a methodology and set of tools to identify key barriers to implementing programs under PEPFAR.
Describes how NGOs in Chiapas halted passage of a law criminalizing HIV transmission.
This report describes the HPI's work to facilitate policy dialogue among Ethiopian stakeholders to enable them to set priorities for work with men
This paper describes how projects supported by USAID, including the HPI, helped Vietnam to greatly improve its HIV policy and legal framework.
This brief provides an overview of the activities to combat gender-based violence (GBV) being implemented by the Health Policy Initiative in Tanzan
This case study documents how stakeholders in Uttarakhand used the PIAT to assess the state's 2002 Health and Population Policy.
This case study summarizes the findings of an review conducted by the HPI in order to assess the policy and programmatic implications of task shift
This case study summarizes the results of an review conducted by the HPI to assess the policy and programmatic implications of task shifting in Sw
The HPI | TO1 carried out case studies in Swaziland and Uganda focusing on task-shifting approaches and policies in both.
This document summarizes recommendations regarding policy and interventions targeted towards MSM and TG.
This brief provides an overview of the Policy Implementation Assessment Tool designed by HPI | TO1.
This tool designed by the HPI assists government and civil society advocates in "taking the pulse" of policies in their countries.
This brief summarizes the key findings from an assessment conducted by HPI TO1 of Guatemala's HIV/AIDS program.
This tool guides users through a series of diagnostic steps to understand how particular groups of adolescent girls are put at risk of HIV infecti
This document details Côte d'Ivoire's HIV/AIDS policy agenda.
This document summarizes an HIV/AIDS policy situational analysis conducted by HPI | TO 1 in Côte d'Ivoire.
USAID supported a regional forum in East Africa that focused on engaging HIS champions from key public sectors and supporting country ownership of
This report reviews Post-exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) policies for sexual assault.


text:
This listing is no longer available. Please see other available listings.
Biggest 1 bedroom you've ever seen! Over 860 sq. ft. of living space in a totally secure courtyard complex. Living units surround a huge garden atrium with a fountain in the center and a locking glass door as an entrance! Ground floor unit includes an assigned off-street parking space. Living room is 17x21 with windows and lots of natural light. Breakfast bar leads into kitchen with dishwasher, refrigerator, double sinks and lots of cabinets and counters! Modern bathroom with full tub/shower enclosure and separate dressing area. Marble counters. Master suite is 12x17 and has 15 lineal feet of ceiling-to-floor closet space--that's a lot! Quiet complex in best area of Normal Heights. Call Northcutt Properties, Inc. 858-505-1300 for appointment to see. No pets. 1 year lease.
- range
- fridge
- dishwasher
- assigned parking
- onsite laundry
Rental Terms
Map of 4410 Marlborough Ave., #2, San Diego, CA 92116
Contact Us
Northcutt Properties, Inc.
(858) 505-1300


text:
Guest post by Daniel DDLolza
AVB's decision making and tactics are inexcusable, the player's performance and drive is inexcusable, the only thing that is any sort of reward is that not all fans have turned on AVB and the club. I say not all but there were definitely some shouts of "you're getting sacked in the morning" coming from the away end at the Baggies' home. Sending McEachran, Benayoun and De Bruyne on loan is inexcusable. When you need creativity you don't send creativity to another club. AVB also managed to piss
Continue reading Inexcusable. West Bromwich Albion 1 – 0 Chelsea


text:
Each week on Rehab With Dr. Drew, we'll be talking to some of the staff on hand at the Pasadena Recovery Center to find out everything that happened in front of and behind the camera with this season's group of patients. This week we spoke to Dr. John Sharp, who appeared last season on Celebrity Rehab and was this season's Associate Medical Director, Psychiatrist on Call, and Director of Aftercare for the program. Dr. Sharp worked closely with the patients to make sure they remained stable and successful throughout the recovery process.
We talked about this a little bit last week about how somebody in Hollywood – it seems like Hollywood could be to blame for their issues or it's easy to just correlate one to the other, but when you actually get the full story of why somebody – like in this particular episode, Eric, when we find about the trauma of his mom and his brother leaving. Something like that isn't necessarily on the surface for a celebrity.
Right, and it's not something that he in any way contributed to or brought about. In contrast say last week, we spent a lot of time looking at Erika and you can say "Well, she's a young girl who is living in Hollywood, who chose to hang out there, who chose to be with a guy there, you can sort of see some predictable troubles develop." Not that she wanted all those troubles or deserves them either, but when you focus like we're about to on Eric and you see someone who is really far removed from anything typical of Hollywood or the things that we've dealt with in the past.
You were a part of his story in this episode, where they talked about you kind of bringing him into the facility and getting him from the airport. We learn of the fact that his mom had a child and then moved to Ireland with the baby, so she could be closer to the father, but I was wondering was there any other details to that story you can reveal.
Sure, well you know Eric has a really big heart and he is a likeable guy, who wants to get along and be loved. All of that comes from the pain that he suffered when he saw his family kind of break apart, then when he actually saw his mom and brother take off. So he actually had multiple significant loses at an early age and in the culture he grew up in, South Boston, you can't show that you're hurting. So his whole persona developed as a way to kind of protects himself from that pain he was feeling down deep and allow himself to have friends and move along in life and ultimately he was very vulnerable to drug addiction. As a result of his family coming apart, he was left really on his own and does hope one day to reconnect to some really key people in his life, including his father. He's really been on his own, so what we knew was that he had a big problem with opiates and and that he was flying out in the morning from Boston, so I went to go meet him actually together with a nurse and Bob Forrest in order to greet him, but medically and psychiatrically to make sure that he wasn't going to be going into withdrawal after such a long flight. He actually took some extra of his own medication before getting on the plane, so he pretty much knocked himself out and was still kind of sleepy when he got off the plane. We were worried about the possibility of physical withdrawal though.
Was it surprising that he opened up so quickly? It seems like as soon as he got off the plane and you guys picked him up that this story came out.
Yeah, we were talking in the car and that was surprising to me, 'cause he has kind of albeit kind of likeable, but tough guy kind of persona and so I wasn't expecting him to be so forthright, but he just came right out with it very candidly and we wondered together at a very early point in getting to know him about what was making it so hard for him to move on with his life nonetheless. Like in other words it's true people can have a big hurt in his past and that's true for all of us to some extent or almost all of us to some extent, but then the real question is "Well how do you move on, how do you carry on with your life?" And we were able to talk him about that, like well what was it that was so particularly devastating about your brother going with your mother? What was it about your relationship with your brother? What'd that mean to you? How were you able to take care of yourself? I mean deep questions that require a lot of contemplation that normally you wouldn't get into for weeks and weeks. But he was eager to entertain with us, to let us understand as much as he knew, and try to go further. So I found that to be very encouraging, to me it was really reflection of the pain he was in and the gratitude that he had about being able to get care.
At one point, Eric basically is ready give up treatment and wants to leave and he goes through some feelings of just being totally done with it and I just wonder if it's the irritation and the withdrawal that does that or if the environment was really affecting him?
No, it's not in this case, it could be – you kind of came off what I said about how the irritation and withdrawal makes everybody kind of short, so in addition to that what I see and we see this consistently including today with Eric is that he gets overwhelmed and frustrated very quickly, there's just something about him that makes him get to that place like we see with him and his mom routinely and not just in the bigger circumstances or not just when he's with his mom talking. You know a lot of us get frustrated with our moms who don't who have the same frustration tolerance we do with our families as we do for other people. But he talks about throwing in the towel commonly, like "Well forget it, well this isn't going to work, well…" He kind of needs to learn to take direction better and to realize that he can work collaboratively. You know part of is trauma based, like he had to learn the hard how to survive on his own, so when his ideas aren't working he gets really frustrated, when someone else says "Listen, you oughtta do this," or "Listen to me," he doesn't really want to hear it he doesn't really want to hear it. I mean as much as he knows he needs to he has a hard time. A lot of the decisions he's been trying to make in terms of progressing in his aftercare have reflected this, where he's all in with regard to how he sees something and then the idea of maybe looking at it a different way or making a different decision he initially reacts in that same way like "Well, forget it then!" kind of mode. It's a habit really that he's gotta break and he's working on that.
When Jasmen talks to her mother on the phone this week, her mother surprisingly really opposed to her continuing treatment and aftercare at least at this stage. Jasmen tells her that she thinks that she needs more than three weeks of treatment and she wants to go into sober living and her mother basically tells her she needs to come back and care for her family more than anything and she's being selfish for choosing to get more treatment. So I'm wondering how you as a therapist deal with family who – it's not that she's not supportive, but she's also not supporting her daughter's choice in that moment.
Right, good point. So that's really important to not only take into consideration, but understand more about. Just like last week or yesterday we saw Dr. Drew trying to take into consideration and understand more about Drewbee's father, what which kind of seemed actually urgent, which is why it happened first 'cause he was still hanging around and obviously very influential and through moment to moment experience, when we learned that Jasmen's mom was giving her this kind of feedback we wanted to understand more about that and as it turned out with Jasmen's mom she's a mature person who had a perspective to share, which wasn't entirely wrong and Jasmen knew this too that she has responsibilities that she really wants to live up to as a wife. Her husband was working full-time having a hard time taking care of their son and working and missed her and wanted her to come back and also wanted her to be able to look at getting a job that she could continue with in sobriety and make money to the family, so I think her mom was pointing out some realities that Jasmen actually understood herself. Jasmen was saying "I need to put my recovery first, that's going to take longer" and her mom was saying "Well, there's things that are just as important," and what we know is in treatment anything you put ahead of recovery, you lose. That if she'd come back really too soon she would have lost those things.
There's also a lot of interpersonal aggression and irritation between everybody this week, and I was curious if that's something that happens regularly or if it's just the personalities in this group that kind of force them all to be a little snippy with each other?
Oh it's a good question! That really is primarily attributable to the detox and even as they emerge towards the very end of that detox, what you see is the difficulty people have and suddenly now not having their most familiar, most useful coping mechanism, mainly their substance of choice. So people deal with life's anxiety in lots of different ways and addicts overdo it tremendously, because of their disease with their substance, so that becomes their primary coping method, so if someone's frustrated they'll have a drink or a line or take a pill or shoot up and without that their abilities to cope with life's frustrations are limited. They have to kind of exercise those abilities, kind of like working out at the gym and grow stronger in their ability to deal with frustration. So you're seeing people who are kind of like babies in a way, just not able to tolerate much and they reach the sort of snapping point very quickly.
Since you mentioned the gym, do many addicts turn to something else besides a substance to kind of focus their energy and to channel their feeling into that might be a little bit more healthy, typically?
Yeah, yeah! Well some people say that you can trade a worse problem for a better problem and you're going in the right direction and you can keep trading worse for better and eventually you wind up in a pretty good place. A lot of times addicts in recovery smoke a lot of cigarettes, which obviously isn't so healthy, but if they didn't already it's sort of like trading a problem that's immediately worse for a problem that's bad over time, but it isn't as immediately bad. Or trading for coffee — AA meetings are famous for serving a lot of coffee — and you can say "That's an addictive substance, caffeine, isn't it?" but it's not in the same way that cocaine was or alcohol was, so we already see how people do trade and try to find a substitute, which is ultimately in the end going to be healthy, exercise certainly being one. A passion for some kind of vocational training and work or some kind of education is another one. People can get really intensely, enthusiastic about something that can turn out to be a direction to proceed in in life or a healthy past time along the way. The problem is that like all of us addicts want something that's going to be kind of a quick fix that they can feel right away. The idea of deferred gratification and the idea of long term goals and working towards them as being a superior kind of pleasure; anything anyone wants to hear about, they want something now!


text:
|Chapter 20: Lord Śrī Caitanya Mahāprabhu Instructs Sanātana Gosvāmī in the Science of the Absolute Truth
Bhaktivedanta VedaBase: Śrī Caitanya Caritāmṛta Madhya 20.354
avatāra nāhi kahe — 'āmi avatāra'
muni saba lāni' kare lakṣaṇa-vicāra
avatāra — the actual incarnation of Godhead; nāhi — never; kahe — says; āmi avatāra — I am an incarnation; muni — the great sage Mahāmuni Vyāsadeva; saba jāni' — knowing all (past, present and future); kare lakṣaṇa-vicāra — describes the symptoms of the avatāras.
"An actual incarnation of God never says 'I am God' or 'I am an incarnation of God.' The great sage Vyāsadeva, knowing all, has already recorded the characteristics of the avatāras in the śāstras.
In this verse it is clearly stated that a real incarnation of God never claims to be a real incarnation. According to the symptoms described in the śāstra, one can understand who is an avatāra and who is not.
<<< >>>
Copyright © The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust International, Inc.
His Divine Grace A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda, Founder Ācārya of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness


text:
Pending antitrust investigations are only one cloud that threatens to rain on Google's parade, The Wall Street Journal reports.
Sprint has agreed to sell a majority stake in its stock to a Japanese company, according to Dealbook.
Microsoft is making new forays into music, The New York Times reports.
Reddit struggles with freedom of speech versus unsavory content, The Washington Post reports.
More people are registering to vote online, according to USA Today.
Don't Miss Today's Top Stories
Rick, Executive Director for Policy
Concise coverage of everything I wish I had hours to read about."
Chuck, Graduate Student
The day's action in one quick read."
Stacy, Director of Communications
I find them informative and appreciate the daily news updates and enjoy the humor as well."
Richard, VP of Government Affairs
Chock full of usable information on today's issues. "
Michael, Executive Director


text:
- 1.007.042 Artworks
- 129.115 Artists
© All rights reserved
Born in Durania (Norte de Santander), Colombia, realizestudios painting and fine arts. He has done about 10 exhibitions in Bogot, involving the BAT FOUNDATION contest, earning Mention of honor....
View more: SIMON CASTELLANOS
Do you think it's hard to find what you want?
Get inspired at Artelista
Fill in the following form to contact Artelista


text:
Cooking and Baking
Egg-less cake smells of raw refined flour.
Hi all..
Me and my family have turned vegetarians. It has been an year now. Now we don't use eggs while baking a cake at home.
But the problem is that the cake doesn't smell that good and sweet, as it used to smell when we used eggs.
I followed the recipes as instructed. But I feel that the cake smells of the refined floor. I generally use vanilla essence.
What do I do in order to get a perfect sweet smelling cake? Please advise.
Talk is closed, but that doesn't mean the conversations have to stop!
Check out this post for a more thorough explanation, and jump onto our Facebook page or our Twitter feed to keep the conversations going!


text:
Sapor di Cioccolato
Studio: Sappho Love FilmsCWMH
Director: Jean Garian
Approximate Running Time: 01:13:55
Custodian of Records
How to Watch This Movie
Pay Per Minute Streaming Video
Own This Movie
x Scene Purchase
Purchase complete!
This scene has been added to your scene purchases page, Click here to go there now.
Purchase complete!
This scene download link has been added to your scene purchases page.
x Login or Create an Account Below to Purchase a Scene


text:
Hotels in 65584 - Saint Robert MO
Only hotels in 65584 zip code are listed below. Search for cheap and discount hotel rates in Saint Robert, MO for your upcoming leisure or conference / group travel. We list the best 65584 hotels and motels so you can review the Saint Robert hotel list below to find the perfect lodging. Hotels in Pulaski county and area code 573 are also listed.
65584 Hotels/Accommodations
Next: Show All Available 65584 Hotels with Pricing >


text:
Before each season begins ESPN will determine the primary position of every MLB player available in the game. The criteria will primarily be the past year's playing time. Additional positional eligibility will be determined as outlined below in the Batter and Pitcher sections. This includes rookies as well as veterans. The listed primary positions are fixed and will not change for the duration of the season.
NOTE: In custom leagues the League Manager CANNOT change the listed position of any player in the game.
Positional Eligibility for Batters
Additional positional eligibility for Batters occurs when one of the following conditions is met:
- Games played at a position during last season: 20
- Games played at a position during current season: 10 (The eligibility will take place on the 11th day, even if no game is played that day)
Positional Eligibility for Pitchers
Additional positional eligibility for Pitchers occurs when one of the following conditions is met:
- Pitching appearances last season: 5 starts / 8 relief
- Pitching appearances during current season: 3 starts / 5 relief
Note: From time to time, ESPN may make the decision to assign SP or RP eligibility to a pitcher prior to their meeting the conditions stated above but whose value is dramatically affected by an anticipated role change. Unlike with hitters, who still accrue the same statistics no matter what their position, the nature of starting pitching versus relief pitching increases the impact of a role change. However, ESPN will not remove eligibility from a player who has achieved one of the above-stated milestones. Please also note that SP and RP are custom positions only; the ESPN standard game uses the generic "P" position.
The system uses MLB's official disabled list to update players' injury status. Disabled List (DL) status is updated every day, throughout the day, based on feeds from our data providers. It is important to note that there is often a gap between when a team announces a DL move will take place and when it actually happens. ESPN only offers DL status to players who are officially on the DL, regardless of expected length of absence.
Players who are eligible for the disabled list (DL) are designated with an asterisk and a "DL", followed by a number indicating expected duration (in days) of the injury in red. To move a player on your team to a DL slot click on the "Manage DL" link at the top of your team page. This link will only appear in leagues which use DL slot(s).
DL-eligible players can only be moved to the DL slot from your active roster or bench. Players can not be added directly to your DL slot from free agency, as you must first add the player to an open bench slot. A player in FLB is not assigned to the DL unless their MLB team assigns that player to the DL. This does not generally happen until the start of the MLB season and does not include pitchers who are shut down near the end of the season, unless the pitcher is officially added to the DL.
To move a player from your DL back to your active roster or bench, click on the "Manage DL" link at the top of the Team page and activate the player.
NOTE: Once a player is off the DL (no longer DL eligible), the player must be placed back on the team roster before the team owner can complete another player related transaction (add/drop).
The Undroppable list comprises players who cannot be dropped to waivers at any time during the season. ESPN introduced this feature to prevent collusion (In these cases, owners would be able to drop star players, allowing those first on the waiver wire to pick them up). League managers in Custom Leagues can choose if they want to allow owners to be capable of dropping all players or be prevented from dropping designated players. View your league settings page to see how your league is configured. In Standard Leagues the list is enforced at all times.
View the players listed as undroppable.
The Adjust Scoring feature is only available in League Manager H2H points-based leagues. The "Adjust Scoring" link can be accessed from both the LM Tools and Scoreboard pages. Using this feature the LM can adjust the scoring of any game by simply adding or subtracting points from a team for a given week. If the scoring adjustment changes the end result of the game (ie, from a win to a loss), the standings page will immediately update to reflect the adjusted game result.
NOTE: If an adjustment is made to a game, the box score pages will reflect the change with an asterisk.
Fantasy Baseball may be inaccessible during set times throughout the season. They are as follows:
4 a.m. through 10 a.m. ET (Wednesday) 4 a.m. through 7 a.m. ET (Monday, Tuesday, Thursday - Sunday)


text: How to create your own Dolce Vita look! Madonna's Chic Italian Riviera Look Who doesn't want to step up the glam and add some Italian flair to their look? I'm starting to feel the dull winter weather blues, so let's call on spring early with some fresh fashion! If you want a taste of The Sweet... Read more January 29, 2012 ladykennedy03 Permalink Beauty Tips, Skin Essence Organics 2 comments 368 0


text:
Posts Tagged 'cervical stenosis and lupus'
Anterior Cervical Corpectomy in India: A perfect medical cure for cervical stenosis.
Article by Dr.Arjun Bojwani
Anterior Cervical Corpectomy in India is available as a perfect medical cure for cervical stenosis at various places like Delhi, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Chennai. The procedure is done under the supervision of highly trained and experienced orthopedic surgeons. A corpectomy is often done for multi-level cervical stenosis with spinal cord compression caused by bone spur (osteophytes) growth. Anterior Cervical Corpectomy in India is usually done under local anesthesia and general anesthesia is avoided. The benefits of the surgery are less blood loss, minimal risk of nerve damage and encouraging clinical outcomes.
When the cervical disease encompasses more than just the disc space, the spine surgeon may recommend removal of the vertebral body as well as the disc spaces at either end, to completely decompress the cervical canal. The general procedure for anterior cervical corpectomy surgery is as follows: The approach is similar to a discectomy spine surgery (anterior approach) although a larger and more vertical incision in the neck will often be used to allow more extensive exposure. The spine surgeon then performs a discectomy at either end of the vertebral body that will be removed (e.g. C4-C5 and C5-C6 to remove the C5 vertebral body). More than one vertebral body may be removed. The posterior longitudinal ligament is often removed to allow access to the cervical canal and to ensure complete removal of the pressure on the spinal cord and/or nerve roots. The defect must then be reconstructed with an appropriate fusion technique.
The complete healthcare solutions and the cost of the Anterior Cervical Corpectomy in India is unbelievably low. India offers world class medical facilities, comparable with any of the western countries. India has the state of the art hospitals and the best medical experts. With the best infrastructure, the best possible medical facilities, accompanied with the most competitive prices, you can get the treatment done in India at the lowest charges. Medical tourism in India can help you by arranging your tour and offering you world class tour packages at various Indian destinations. Get more info on Anterior Cervical Corpectomy in India at http://www.dheerajbojwani.com or mail us at firstname.lastname@example.com
About the Author
Dr. Arjun Bojwani is a health consultant


text:
Buyer Beware
Counterfeit equipment is more available and increasingly harder to detect. What you need to know to avoid getting burned by this $240 million international scam
Jay Weibel was browsing eBay, searching for an Odyssey Marxman putter. Finding one for $118 -- an attractive price, but not so cheap it aroused suspicion -- the 4-handicapper from East Brady, Pa., made a bid and eventually won the auction. When the putter arrived, Weibel noticed that while it looked identical to other Marxman putters he had tried, the insert felt decidedly firmer. After two days comparing the putter with photos of other Marxman putters, he discovered it is not always "better when you win." He had bought a counterfeit.
"I felt sick -- like a punch in the stomach," says Weibel.
The sickness Weibel felt is becoming more prevalent, and there is no cure in sight. Although no hard figures are available for golf-only counterfeits, the International Chamber of Commerce estimates counterfeits account for 6 percent of all goods sold -- a $350 billion business worldwide annually. Golf equipment and apparel is approximately a $4 billion-per-year industry, meaning the sale of counterfeit goods in golf could be as much as $240 million a year. Translation: There's a lot of bogus clubs in the marketplace.
Testifying before the House Committee on Ways and Means in 2005, Myron Brilliant, the U.S. Chamber of Commerce's VP for East Asia, said the problem of counterfeiting in China had "reached epidemic proportions," citing a 47-percent increase in the value of counterfeit goods seized from the prior year. The U.S. Department of Homeland Security estimates that more than 80 percent of all counterfeit goods originate from mainland China.
"Anyone who is doing manufacturing in China has a problem," says Steve Gingrich, vice president of global security for Cleveland Golf. "Counterfeiting is not a victimless crime. The victims are the consumers."
Manufacturers are victims, too. Not only is there the lost sale, but intellectual property and trademarks have, in effect, been stolen. Perhaps worse is damage that can't be measured -- the blow to a manufacturer's reputation. Shafts break, clubheads fly off and swingweights aren't close to being accurate in many instances. A purchase of 52-, 56- and 60-degree wedges might result in all three wedges having the same loft. Other counterfeit golf goods such as bags and apparel aren't safe, either. Zippers break or seams rip. And if the consumer hasn't figured out something is a fake, the company being ripped off in the first place suffers an additional loss.
"All that consumer knows is the product hasn't held up and that our name is on it," says Gingrich. "And not only will they buy from another company next time, but they're likely to tell their friends who will tell their friends. The counterfeiters don't have a quality control department. Those damages cannot be measured."
Although counterfeits lack the performance characteristics of the real thing, the crooks are bringing their "A" game in other areas.
"One of the sobering experiences is seeing just how good these clubs have gotten cosmetically," says Stu Herrington, Callaway Golf's director of security and investigations. "Not in terms of engineering, not in terms of materials or quality or playability, but in terms of just looking at the damn thing. It's much better than five or six years ago. If you put a good counterfeit side-by-side with a legit club, you may be able to tell. But if it's alone on the shelf or a photo on the Internet, you probably won't know."
While the level of cosmetic sophistication has gotten sharper, marketing has gotten smarter, too. Gone is the "too-good-to-be-true" pricing that for years was the hallmark of counterfeits. Now, to reduce suspicion, counterfeit pricing tends to resemble a good deal as opposed to the bargain of a lifetime.
The combination of good looks and attractive pricing is exactly what lured Mike Castellani, a software developer and a 10-handicapper from Bethlehem, Pa. Searching for a Scotty Cameron Studio Design putter on eBay, Castellani spotted an auction for one and then did his homework.
First Castellani looked at photos of the putter and felt the club looked legitimate. The price, $190, was not exactly cheap, although lower than what he could buy the club for elsewhere. Then he looked at the bid history: There were 25 bids, with several different bidders. An experienced eBay buyer, Castellani felt that was a good sign as some auctions inflate the price by having one person continue to bid time and again. Finally, he looked at the seller feedback, which was virtually all positive.
"It looked like a legit auction," he says.
Making a last-minute bid, Castellani won the auction. But the enjoyment of his "victory" was short-lived. Within five minutes he received an e-mail from an eBay user telling him he had bought a fake. A day later, Lisa Rogan, trademark manager for Acushnet, which owns the Cameron name, e-mailed Castellani and informed him the seller had come under suspicion as a dealer of counterfeit products.
- Keywords:
- E. Michael Johnson,
- Equipment,
- irons,
- putters,
- drivers,
- woods,
- hybrids,
- counterfeit clubs,
- china,
- asia,
- technology,
- manufacturing


text:
Joyce Spencer: Community news for Friday, May 2
SONS: Jenny Chapman of Barboursville enjoyed having both of her sons, Larry and Rick, home for Easter. Larry lives in Barboursville, but Rick and his wife, Nena, traveled from the Philippines. Rick and Nena's son and wife, Josh and Rowena, and their 1-year-old son, Joshie, from Fort Lauderdale were also there. Rick and Nena plan to visit his mother for about a month. Larry is a former educator at the high school and college levels in Tennessee, and Rick is retired from the U. S. Navy with 20 years of active service. Both are graduates of Barboursville High School, 1964 and 1971 respectively.
VISIT: Joan Gross of Barboursville also had out-of-town family members home for Easter. Her daughter and her husband, Valerie and Tom Yeager, and son, Hunter, visited from Jacksonville, Fla., where Valerie and Tom are employed with CSX Transportation. Both Valerie and Tom are B.H.S. grads, 1977 and 1979 respectively. Joan recently received news that her granddaughter, Christine Workman, daughter of Penny Gross Lombard (B .H.S. 1979) of Wellington, Fla., and Jerry Workman (B.H.S. 1979) of Wellington, was initiated into "Florida Blue Key" on April 27. This organization, a student honor and service society, is recognized as the University of Florida's oldest and most prestigious leadership honorary. Christi is a junior at the University of Florida in Gainesville.
NAMED: Tyler Agee, a junior at Centre College, Danville, Ky., has been named to the Dean's List for the 2013 fall semester. He is a 2011 Huntington High School graduate and is majoring in financial economics. He will be interning this summer at Hilliard Lyons in Louisville. Tyler is the son of Brian and Susie Agee and the grandson of Bob and Earleen Agee and Opal Baylous of Huntington.
CONGRATS: Congratulations to Shamil Patel, Hogan Carter, and Joseph Garrett Snyder, 8th grade students at Barboursville Middle School, who placed third in the West Virginia Social Studies Fair. Their project was "How Apple Has Influenced Technology" in the United States history category.
FRIENDSHIP: Church Women United hosts a May Friendship Day at 11 a.m. today, May 2, at Woodlands Retirement Community, One Bradley Foster Drive. The theme is: "We are in God's hands and we are God's." Lunch will be offered at noon for $8.
GAMES: Local families will play board games from 7-9 p.m. today at Pea Ridge United Methodist Church, 5747 East Pea Ridge Road. Participants are asked to bring one of their favorite games and a refreshment to share with others. Children must be accompanied by an adult. For more information, call 304-730-3565.
HIKE: The Native Plant Society will sponsor a hike tomorrow, May 3, at Beech Fork Lake. Hikers will meet at 9:30 a.m. at the marina near Lavalette. For more information, contact Romie at 304-523-1049.
REUNION: The 1964 Barboursville High School class has its 50th class reunion Aug. 22-23. Friday evening activities will be at 7 p.m. at Logan's Roadhouse, and Saturday's dinner will be at 6 p.m. at the Holiday Inn, Route 60 East, Barboursville. Contact Larry Chapman at email@example.com for information about a golf tournament to be Saturday morning. To make reservations or for more information, contact the following committee members: Frances Riffe Allen, 304-562-6074; Susan Altizer Call, 304-736-5108; Mary Alice Freeman, 304-733-1835; or Ann Stackpole Reed, 304-736-7552.
HAPPY BIRTHDAY: This week to Kieran Mael, Conner Adkins, Mollie Bannister, Becky Chenoweth, Barbara Miller, Rachel Pickett, Sarah Howard, Myranda Davis, Debbi Canady, Sharon Barton, Kyle Frost, David Stooke, Jennifer Chapman, Ashley Misner, Alan Pannell, Wanda Vance, Nick Bowen, Staci Kennard, Jimmy Eans, Beverly Swann, Sandy Weddington, Jason Lingenfelter, Vikki Savage, Nancy Carter, Lola Savage, Dale Poynter, Emily Hughes, Lakin Short, Kezia Clark, Greg Perry, Chris Gress, Kimberlea Byrd Poston, Vickie Adkins Hill, Keri Daniels, Rameigh Watts, Cathy Delossantos, Whitney Koenig, Lindsey Hawthorne, Charles Collins, Ricky Byrd, and Kathryn Knodel.
SPECIAL WISHES: This week to Dennie Cremeans who blew out 12 candles Tuesday; to Margie Jones who celebrated her 73rd birthday Tuesday; to Trintee Felcan whose 11th birthday was yesterday; to Donna Thomas whose birthday was yesterday; and to Mona Arthur who celebrates her 89th birthday today.
ANNIVERSARIES: Couples celebrating this week are Del and Maryse Ross, Fred "Teddy Bear" and Linda Nichols, Scott and Mindy Webber, Jeremy and Mary Ellen Winters, Don and Margie Jones who celebrated their 15th anniversary yesterday, and Bob and Coral Mallory of Proctorville who celebrate their 59th anniversary May 6.
Send items for this column to Joyce Spencer, 817 Main St., Barboursville, WV 25504, or fax to 304-736-4522. Her email address is firstname.lastname@example.com.
The Herald-Dispatch welcomes your comments on this article, but please be civil. Avoid profanity, obscenity, personal attacks, accusations of criminal activity, name-calling or insults to the other posters. Herald-dispatch.com does not control or monitor comments as they are posted, but if you find a comment offensive or uncivil, hover your mouse over the comment and click the X that appears in the upper right of the comment. If you do not want your comment to post to your personal Facebook page, uncheck the box below the comment.


text:
Office of the Provost
Paul Ewald, Ph.D., Provost
The Office of the Provost comprises Academic Affairs and Student Affairs and through these two areas oversees a broad array of University services and programs that support students in meeting their curricular and co-curricular goals.
Academic Affairs
The Academic Affairs Division is responsible for all the academic programs and related academic and student support services of the University. NDNU's academic programs are organized into one college and two schools, each headed by an academic dean:
- College of Arts and Sciences
- School of Business and Management
- School of Education and Leadership
The Academic Affairs Division also oversees and promotes many of the resources of the University that support students throughout their careers here. Services overseen by Academic Affairs include academic advising, academic success (disabilities, tutorial, writing), international student assistance, library, mission and diversity and registrar. All these academic support services work collaboratively to offer students the appropriate support to achieve a high standard of academic excellence.
Student Affairs
The Student Affairs Division enhances student learning at Notre Dame de Namur University through programs and student services intended to promote student success. Services and programs within the division of Student Affairs are provided by the Dean of Students Office, Career Services, Counseling, Dining Services, Health and Wellness, Public Safety, Spirituality and Mission (Dorothy Stang Center), Student Life and Leadership (including University Housing, Student Activities, and Orientation) and the Student Conduct Office.


text:
Register now for free, or sign in with any of these services:
Thank you Scott! I am thankful that we have a media person like you to write or talk about what is good and what is important to us as people rather than what headline can I create to get people arguing about it. At this time of the year we all need to grateful that we have what we have even if it is not as much as our friends and neighbors have.
It is notable that Rep. Coakley-Rivera has suggested that the Courthouse be named after Senator Kennedy.
I think it best that we wait until all the emotionalism over Senator Kennedy's current situation has dissipated a bit. The positive and negative aspects of his life are many and they must be analyzed with an open mind in the future before jumping into a building naming frenzy.


text:
Neurosciences Gateway
The University of Utah's top-rated physicians and researchers are at the forefront of neuroscience: pioneering treatments in health care, breaking ground in imaging techniques, designing new solutions for brain and spinal cord repair, and more. The Neurosciences Gateway is a portal to discovering more about the U of U's neuroscience expertise, distributed among many departments, centers, and institutes.
Launched in Fall, 2014, the Neuroscience Initiative unites the academic, translational, and clinical neuroscience communities toward the common goals of better understanding the brain in disease and in health. Learn more.
Upcoming Neuroscience Initiative Events:
Allen Brain Institute Workshop @ Snowbird (October 31, 2015): Do you use, or would you like to use, the Allen Brain Atlases? In order to make our workshop as relevant as possible, we are seeking your input. Please email email@example.com a sample or two of a question or problem you might be interested in addressing with the Allen Brain Atlases. Find out more about the atlases at http://www.brain-map.org/.
Funding Opportunities:
NINDS R35 Program. This program is designed "to provide longer-term support and increased flexibility to investigators whose outstanding records of research achievement demonstrate their ability to make major contributions to neuroscience.RPAs will support the overall research programs of NINDS-funded investigators for up to 8 years, at a maximum level of $750,000 direct costs per year.This greater funding stability will provide investigators increased freedom to embark upon research that breaks new ground or extends previous discoveries in new directions." See the RFA at http://grants.nih.gov/gr…/guide/rfa-files/RFA-NS-16-001.html. Learn more about this exciting program from this blog post.
Faculty Research Awards Calendar. Never miss another neuroscience research award opportunity! Download the handy Faculty Awards calendar, released by the Office of the Vice President for Research, here.
Congratulations to the Neuroscience Initiative Collaborative Pilot Project Awardees! The Neuroscience Initiative Scientific Advisory Board is delighted to announce the awardees of the 2015 Neuroscience Initiative Collaborative Pilot Project Grant program, which aims to catalyze collaborations, stimulate innovation, and move us towards our vision of better understanding the brain in disease and health. The six projects below, representing 12 departments from 4 schools and colleges, were selected for up to $50,000 in funding each. Our next Request for Proposals will be released in 2016 - we strongly encourage neuroscience faculty at the University to apply.
2015 Awardees:
The Utah Biomedical Image and Data Analysis and Visualization Center (BIDAC): The BIDAC provides limited funding to 2-4 projects annually to cover pilot project expenses necessary for applying for new federal grants. Applications will be accepted beginning July 1, 2015. For more details, see the BIDAC website.
HHMI, Gates Foundation, & Simons Foundation 2016 Faculty Scholars Competition: A national competition for outstanding scientists. Applications due July 28. Find the program announcement here.
Blavatnik Award for Young Scientists. This award provides $250,000 for young scientiests in Life Sciences, Physical Science & Engineering, or Chemistry. The internal submission deadline is August 17; more details at https://utah.infoready4.com/
University of Utah Seed Grant Program. Up to $35,000 is available through the VP for Research Office to suport preliminary research designed to lead to future extramural funding. The next deadline for submission is August 20. See more details here.
Faculty Research & Creative Grants. Up to $6,000 is available through the VP for Research Office to support scholarly and creative projects in areas where other funding may not be available. The next deadline for submssion is August 20. See more details here.
Instrumentation Funding for Individuals and Cores. Awards typically $30,000 - $100,000 are available through the VP for Research Office to support new, replacement, or upgraded research instruments. The next deadline for submission is September 15. See more details here.
Distinguished Scholarly and Creative Research Awards. $10,000 awards are given in recognition of lifelong accomplishments of faculty who have made significant scholarly contributions to their field. Nominations are due October 15. See more details here.
Faculty Fellow Awards. These awards provide $7,500 to departments in order to buy release time for faculty to pursue research and creative projects. Applications are due October 16. More details are available here.
Engine Funding Program. Awards typically around $30,000 are avaialble to provide faculty inventors with business guidance and assistance moving discoveries towards commercialization. Opportunities to submit open approximately every two months. Find more details here.
Community-Based Research Grants. $10,000-$20,000 is avaialble through the VP for Research Office to fund collaborative research mutually beneficial to the University and a community partner. The next submission deadline is February 15. See more details here.
Travel Grants. $1,000 awards are available on a rolling basis for faculty to meet with DOD or DARPA program managers. Apply through the VP for Research Office.
Utah Parkinson Disease Registry A Window Into Disease's CausesThe Utah Parkinson Disease Registry (UPDR.org) was launched in May in an effort to understand an apparent rise in PD by 30 percent over the last ten years in Utah, and to uncover causes of the disease. Effective March 12, 2015, the Utah State Board of Health requires that health care providers report cases of PD and related movement disorders. Because Utah has one of the highest rates of PD in the nation, it is uniquely poised to contribute toward a new understanding of the disease. UPDR is the first registry of its kind in the nation. READ MORE
Genetic Tug-Of-War In The Brain Influences Behavior
Not every mom and dad agree on how their offspring should behave. But in genetics
as in life, parenting is about knowing when your voice needs to be heard, and the
best ways of doing so. Typically, compromise reigns, and one copy of each gene is
inherited from each parent so that the two contribute equally to the traits who make
us who we are. Occasionally, a mechanism called genomic imprinting, first described
30 years ago, allows just one parent to be heard by completely silencing the other.
Now, researchers at the University of Utah School of Medicine report on a version of genetic parental control in mice that is more targeted, and subtle than canonical imprinting. Published in Cell Reports, so-called noncanonical imprinting is particularly prevalent in the brain, and skews the genetic message in subpopulations of cells so that mom, or dad, has a stronger say. The mechanism can influence offspring behavior, and because it is observed more frequently than classic imprinting, appears to be preferred.
"The field has traditionally thought of genetics at the level of the whole animal, and sometimes the tissue. We're documenting it at the cellular level," says senior author Christopher Gregg, Ph.D., assistant professor of neurobiology and anatomy. "Genetics is much more complicated than we thought. READ MORE


text:
Madonna's 16-Year-Old Daughter Lourdes Is Dating Which TV Star?
Lourdes Leon and a lucky TV star are striking a pose together.
Lourdes, Madonna's 16-year-old daughter with ex-boyfriend Carlos Leon, is currently dating Homeland star Timothée Chalamet, according to Page Six.
Lourdes and Timothée, who is a high school senior, are classmates at the prestigious La Guardia High School of Performing Arts in NYC.
"Dating is a loose term for it, but yes, they are teenagers being teenagers so I guess you can call it that," a source tells Us Weekly. "It has not been going on for very long at all."
In fact, it sounds like Lourdes — who often goes by Lola — is quite popular with the opposite sex.
"Lola certainly likes her boys just like her mother!" the source continues. "I'm not sure he's the only boy in her life."
"Lola is boy crazy," adds another source. "She loves to talk about guys! She flirts endlessly."
Timothée plays Vice President Walden's son on the hit Showtime drama series, and he has also appeared on several episodes of USA's Royal Pains.
Will Lourdes and Timothee eventually go on a "holiday" together? We shall see!
Sources: Page Six, Us Weekly


text:
July 31, 2015
ROCKDALE A Milam County woman has been charged with murder for the death of her 2 year old foster child. Sherill Small was charged with murder after Alexandria Hill died after being taken off life support on Wednesday.
According to investigators, Monday night, Rockdale police responded to a 911 call at Small's home and found Hill not breathing and unresponsive. Emergency crews performed CPR on her and transported her to a hospital where she was placed on life support after medical personnel discovered she had suffered severe head trauma.
Rockdale police say Hill had been placed in Small's home in February by Texas Children's Protective Services. Investigators interviewed Small but her explanation was considered inconsistent with Hill's injuries, according to police.
An autopsy on Hill is still pending. Small is in custody under a $100,000 bond. Rockdale is about 40 miles northeast of Austin.
To comment, the following rules must be followed:
Comments may be monitored for inappropriate content, but the station is under no legal obligation to do so.
If you believe a comment violates the above rules, please use the Flagging Tool to alert a Moderator.
Flagging does not guarantee removal.
Multiple violations may result in account suspension.
Decisions to suspend or unsuspend accounts are made by Station Moderators.
Questions may be sent to firstname.lastname@example.com. Please provide detailed information.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
|Sunday, 01 June 2014 05:38
The Glasgow Highland Games Started Off With A Breakfast Yesterday Morning. The 13th Marquis Of Lothian, Michael Kerr, Chief Of Clan Kerr Was There Along With Glasgow's Mayor Rhonda Trautman And Congressman Brett Guthrie. The Fun Continues On The Game Field With Battle Ax Throwing, Children's Games, Tug Of War, And More. Then Last Night A Big Time Was Had By All At The Tartan Ball And Rockin' Under The Stars Concert.
The Highland Games Wrap Up Today. The Interdenominational Kirkin Of Tartan Worship Service Will Begin At 9 This Morning. After The Service Around 10am They Will Open Up The Fields For Entertainment, The Bonniest Knees Contest, Battle Ax Throwing, And Parade Of Tartans At 1:30. Closing Remarks Will Be At 4 And Then The Glasgow Highland Games Will Have Another Successful Year Written In The Books. Thanks To Wclu's J.P. Johnson For Covering The Glasgow Highland Games Event This Year.


text:
Below is the poem entitled My Fate which was written by poet
Reynolds. Please feel free to comment on this poem. However, please remember, PoetrySoup is a place of encouragement and growth.
Read Poems by
Renae Reynolds
There's come a time in this life,
When true love's been realized.
That one and only true soul-mate
Has appeared before my eyes.
When first I saw your lovely face,
I was taken by surprise.
For I fell just like a ton of bricks
in your gaze-so mesmerized.
Your beauty is so radiant,
Your persona so refined.
I can't believe you looked at me,
not even wined or dined.
In you there are so many things,
I so cherish and adore.
And with each and every virtue
I love you all the more.
Within my heart and soul my love
you occupy a space.
From moment one thru the end of time,
will forever be your place.
I truly am thankful
extremely grateful too;
for never in all my dreams
Did I imagine finding you.
So know that I won't falter'
Nor will I hesitate;
To ask you to share my life
For I know you are my fate!
A comment has not been posted for this poem. Encourage a poet by being the first to comment.


text:
Welcome back to Stockhouse Member Sign In
Sign in with one of the following accounts.
Send my password
« back
Become a member today, It's free!
We will not release or resell your information to third parties without your permission.
Use one of the following accounts.
Go Back...
Shares of Bombardier (TSX: T.BBD.B, Stock Forum) climbed 4.6% to $3.64 Friday after the Toronto Transit Commission reported that a staff report made public is recommending Bombardier Transportation Canada Inc. be awarded a contract worth a total of $1.22 billion, for 204 new low-floor light rail vehicles with a delivery date beginning in 2011.
The TTC says the commission will discuss and vote on the staff recommendation at a meeting on Monday, April 27.
The TTC purchased 248 streetcars in the 1970s and 1980s, and now says these vehicles now need to be replaced, as the ageing fleets are nearing the end of their useful lives.
Bids from two vendors, Bombardier Transportation Canada Inc. and Siemens Canada Limited, were received in February, with the TTC noting that a recommendation to award the contract to Bombardier is based on price. Bombardier's base price is $993 million, with another $293 million factored in for the cost of spare parts.
However, awarding of the contract is contingent on funding, and the TTC notes that as of today, no funding commitment has been made by either the provincial or federal governments. Bombardier's bid price is guaranteed until June 27.
On the Bombardier Bullboard Friday, g2g said: "we should hit 4bucks on monday![sic]"
While bomber1 asked: "Why Monday? why wouldn't the market react to the contract win today?[sic]"
And, jsmith888 replied: "It's only a recommendation right now from the TTC. It requires a vote on monday by the board, based on the recommendation. So technically speaking, I don't believe they have "won" the contract, until they it has been voted on[sic]."
You must be logged in to access this feature.
Login Now


text:
NORMAN, Okla. — OU Gymnastics Coach Mark Williams is an alchemist of sorts.
He works to turn muscles of steel into Olympic gold.
He's coached five of the eight men on the 2012 men's Olympic Gymnastics team.
His secret?
"There's no secret formula," Mark laughs. "Sorry. It's just hard work."
Hard work that's paid off.
Mark's first Olympian was 2004 silver medalist Guard Young.
"I don't think I realized just how stressed I was until a few days later when I felt like, 'Oh, my goodness, I'm going through such soreness and withdrawal, I feel like I did all those routines with him," Mark said.
In 2008, he coached Jonathon Horton who came home with two Olympic medals.
"And, now we have a larger group representing Oklahoma, representing the United States at the Olympic games."
Steven Legendre, a 2012 Olympic alternate, said, "Mark is an incredible coach. His style is a little different than a lot of coaches. He's quieter."
Mark Williams is known to be laid back but focused.
"His planning is just so dead on," 2012 Olympian Jake Dalton said. "He breaks us down in the beginning when you need to be broken down. He makes it really, really, really hard when it needs to be."
Coach Williams produces athletes who are seemingly unlimited in their potential.
Mark said, "They're jumping higher. They're doing more flips. They're pushing the boundaries of what's humanly possible."


text: Prev | Next Purchase this photo Billy Summers/The Putnam Herald During the Super Saturday festivities at Valley Park on April 13, 2013, in Hurricane, Super Hero attired Justin Moore watches his brother, Jeremiah, aim at an archery target. Gallery: Putnam in Pictures, Friday, April 19 Apr. 19, 2013 @ 12:14 PM The Herald-Dispatch / 2015 Did you miss something in Putnam County this week? Chances are, one of our photographers was there. ()