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KINGSTON, R.I. -- May 2, 2002 -- Sometimes the crime scene is all wet.Richard A. Gould, professor and chair of Brown Universitys Department of Anthropology, will speak about underwater crime scenes Thursday, May 2 at theUniversity of Rhode Islands Forensic Science Partnership Seminar Series.
The lecture, "Underwater Crime Scene Recording," is free and open to the public and will be held on the Kingston Campus, Pastore Hall, Room 124, from 3:30 to 5 p.m.
On Saturday, May 4 at 10 a.m., Gould will conduct an underwater training exercise for those who attend the lecture and who have had previous instruction in baseline trilateration and have at least a Basic "Openwater-I" level of SCUBA certification and their own personal dive gear, including tank and weights. The training exercise will be held at the northeast end of Jamestown at the public beach access at the remains of "Old Steamboat Dock" or "Pirates Landing."
The Providence Police Department and the Salvation Army Canteen will provide shore-based support during the exercise. "No Parking" signs are everywhere, but the Jamestown Police and Fire departments are being notified. Those who are driving will need to take the public access turnaround, unload there and then park near East Shore Drive.
Gould said that after the events of Sept. 11, 2001, archaeologists are finding new ways to adapt their skills to forensic investigations, both on land and under water.
For many people, the underwater world appears to be a chaotic environment in which evidence, once deposited, is lost. Gould said that scientific archaeology underwater has shown that there are controlled approaches to accessing, locating and recording crime scene evidence. Gould said this approach assumes, as does land-based investigation, that the credibility of all evidence will be tested in court.
During the lecture, Gould will present slides of underwater crime/incident scenes:
o Wreck of the steamer Yongala, lost without a trace off the Queensland coast of Australia in 1911 and discovered in 1968
o Wreck of the steamer Pollockshields, in 1915 along the south coast of Bermuda.
o Downed aircraft, including: an F4U-5 Corsair fighter in Maunaloa Bay, Oahu; a WB-50D Superfortress 4-engine bomber found off the southwest end of Bermuda; and a Fairey Swordfish floatplane torpedo bomber found off Boaz Island, Bermuda.
If time permits, Gould will address a case study of the three-masted iron bark, North Carolina, wrecked at 6 a.m. on New Years Day, 1880, off Bermudas southwest reef. Three written accounts exist of the sinking, but none agree. Archaeological testing of each account has allowed scientists to rule out all three explanations.
For Information: Dave Lavallee 401-874-2116
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University of Rhode Island
For more information about this site, contact email@example.com
File last updated: Friday, May 10, 2002
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A combined business form/identification card includes a sheet of cellulosic stock material having a barrier coating on a first portion of the sheet with an overlay of laser-printable varnish on the barrier coat. Lines of weakness are provided in the sheet in the area of the barrier coat and varnish to produce an identification card detachable from the sheet. A second portion of the sheet has indicia imaged thereon.
1. A method of producing a combined identification card and business form using a substantially rectangular sheet of cellulose stock having a weight of between about 31-52 pounds per 11"×17" ream, and a caliper of between about 6-10 ml, comprising the steps of:
(a) applying a barrier coat to a portion of the sheet at least as large as an identification card;
(b) applying a laser printable varnish over the barrier coat; and
(c) acting on the sheet to provide lines of weakness in the sheet at the area of the barrier coat and varnish to produce an identification card, the lines of weakness allowing detachment of the card from the rest of the sheet.
2. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein step (a) is practiced by applying the barrier coat and varnish to only a first portion of the sheet having an area of less than 50% of the area of the sheet.
3. A method as recited in claim 2 wherein the barrier coat and laser-printable varnish are applied in a strip having a width of about 3-5 inches, and wherein the sheet has dimensions of about 8.5×11, 8.5×14, or is A4 size.
4. A method as recited in claim 2 wherein the steps of applying the barrier coat and laser-printable varnish provide a composite coating on one face of the sheet that is between 0.1-0.5 mm thick.
5. A method as recited in claim 4 wherein the steps of applying the barrier coat and laser-printable varnish provide a composite coating weight of between about 2.5-12.5 gm/sq.m.
6. A method as recited in claim 5 comprising the further step of (d) imaging with indicia a second portion of the sheet distinct from the first portion, and comprising the further step of laser printing indicia on the laser printable varnish.
7. A method as recited in claim 6 comprising the further step of calendering the sheet before or after steps (b) and (c).
8. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein the barrier coat and laser-printable varnish are applied over substantially an entire first face of the sheet.
9. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein the barrier coat and laser-printable varnish are applied on both first and second faces of the sheet.
10. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein the barrier coat applied in step (a) includes polyvinyl alcohol as a major constituent.
11. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein the laser-printable varnish applied in step (b) includes a UV curable varnish as the varnish.
12. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein step (b) is practiced using a pigmented varnish, having a color other than white, black, brown, or tan, to provide a colored identification card.
13. A method of producing a combined identification card and business form using a substantially rectangular sheet of cellulose stock having a weight of between about 31-52 pounds per ream, and a caliper of between about 6-10 mil, comprising the steps of:
(a) applying a laser printable varnish on the sheet; and
(b) acting on the sheet to provide lines of weakness in the sheet at the area of the varnish to produce an identification card, the lines of weakness allowing detachment of the card from the rest of the sheet.
14. A method as recited in claim 13 wherein the step of applying a laser-printable varnish includes applying the varnish to only a first portion of the sheet having an area of less than 50% of the area of the sheet.
15. A method as recited in claim 14 wherein the step of applying a laser-printable varnish includes applying the varnish in a strip having a width of about 3-5 inches, and wherein the sheet has dimensions of about 8.5×11, 8.5×14, or is A4 size.
16. A method as recited in claim 13 wherein the step of applying a laser-printable varnish includes applying a coating on one face of the sheet that is between about 0.1-0.5 mm thick.
17. A method as recited in claim 13 wherein step (a) is practiced to provide a composite coating weight of between about 2.5-12.5 gm/sq.m.
18. A method as recited in claim 13 comprising the further step of imaging with indicia a second portion of the sheet distinct from the first portion.
19. A method as recited in claim 13 comprising the further step of laser printing indicia on the laser printable varnish.
20. A method as recited in claim 13 wherein the step of applying a laser-printable varnish includes applying the varnish over substantially an entire first face of the sheet.
21. A method as recited in claim 13 wherein the step of applying a laser-printable varnish includes applying the varnish on both first and second faces of the sheet.
22. A method as recited in claim 13 wherein the step of applying a laser-printable varnish includes using UV curable varnish as the varnish.
23. A method as recited in claim 13 wherein step (a) is practiced using a pigmented varnish, having a color other than white, black, brown, or tan, to provide a colored identification card.
24. A method as recited in claim 13 wherein step (b) is practiced by die cutting or microperfing.
This is a divisional of application Ser. No. 08/942,589, filed Oct. 2, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,895,074.
Currently, there are a number of identification card (ID) products available in the marketplace. These constructions have included the blow on or tip on of a plastic card onto a sheet which is then passed through a dot matrix printer. When attempting to laser print these cards, the card may peel off the sheet and become jammed in the printer. With today's high speed printers, this type of construction, with the card superimposed on the surface of the sheet creates a stacking problem in the feed tray, in that if a large number of these sheets are stacked in a tray they have a tendency to fall over or create an uneven stack due to the uneven surface area of the cards. In order to avoid the stacking problems, fewer sheets are placed in the feed tray which then requires constant operator involvement to continue placing sheets in the feed tray.
Another solution which has been proposed and in an effort to eliminate the uneven surface area has been to create a multiple part construction in which a window is created in the substrate and the card is inserted into the window. While this does away with the problems associated with stacking, there are increased costs related to the construction due to multiple parts which must be assembled. In addition, due to the increased thickness of the product, the amount of products which can be stacked in a tray for a laser printer is limited, again requiring the operator to maintain a constant interaction with the printer.
A still further prior art embodiment which has been adapted to correct the foregoing problems has been the creation a single sheet which is then laminated with a plastic film to create a card area. In this construction, a sheet is provided, to which an adhesive is applied and then a plastic film is laid over the adhesive. In order to reduce the thickness of the sheet in the area of the lamination, the plastic film or area of the paper having the lamination is calendared or compressed to reduce the overall signature of the sheet. However, this construction also encounters difficulties, such as curling due to exposure of the plastic film to the heat of the laser printer, delamination of the film when the stock is stored too long, and generally conventional plastic films may not accept toner readily from a laser printer. In addition, the cost of such constructions are expensive in that they require not only the paper substrate but also plastic films and laminating equipment. Thus, there is still a need for a cost effective construction which eliminates the foregoing problems.
The present invention relates to a cost effective business form (e.g. letter or other sheet)/ID card combination. A sheet of paper, ranging from 31 to 52 pound per 1,000 11"×17" sheet bond ream, with 38 pound being preferred, and having a caliper in the range from between 6 mil to 10 mil paper. The paper is selected depending on the requirements of the particular application and is taken and coated on one or both sides with a barrier coating. Over the barrier coating is then applied a laser printable varnish layer which provides a glossy surface for the ID card as well as a receptive surface for the laser printer. The barrier coating is used to reduce the amount of varnish which is needed to create a sufficient thickness for the ID card. The barrier coating may also prevent the varnish from sinking into the paper substrate. In addition, the varnish by itself without the barrier coat may not be sufficiently glossy since the barrier coating serves to hold the varnish on the top. The varnish and barrier coats are available from Rad-Cure of Fairfield, N.J. and marketed under the names Rad-Cure, Rad-Kote® or Raqua-Bond. Other varnishes are available from QureTech of Seabrook, NH.
While a barrier coat is suggested in the above embodiment, it should be understood that where the need for a barrier coat is not present laser printable varnishes can be applied directly to the paper substrates without the necessity of the barrier layer.
The preferable barrier coat is Raqua-bond EG 100 and the preferred U.V. varnish being 107 BLP. Other barrier coatings have been tested such as Northwest Coatings 20951 and Raqua-Bond WBA5524. The barrier coat main constituent is typically polyvinyl alcohol with minor additions of ammonium hydroxide and triethylamine. The U.V. varnish may include acrylate monomers and oligimers with a photo-initiator blend and surfactants. Likewise other UV curable varnishes include 106 BLP and 106 LPLO.
The thickness of the composite (barrier coat and varnish) coating ranges from 0.1 to 0.5 millimeters with about 0.25 being the preferred thickness. Coating weights range from 2.5 to 12.5 gm/sq.m. To produce the ID cards, die cuts are created in the area of the coating to produce one or more detachable cards. If necessary, and depending on the thickness of the coatings, the sheet, either before or after coating can be passed through calendering rolls to compress the thickness of the coating. Alternatively, the sheet can be calendared after the barrier coating is applied and before the U.V. varnish is applied. The coated areas of the sheet then may either be die cut to create the ID cards or alternatively, perfed or microperforated. In either instance, some ties remain to hold the card in position with the sheet stock.
The sheetstock may be strip coated with the barrier coat or the entire sheet can be flood coated and then printed in the area of the coating. Next, the sheet with the barrier coating is overcoated with a varnish which can then be further printed.
A further embodiment of the present invention relates to a cost effective sheet/ID card combination in which the card portion is created separately and then adhered or otherwise affixed to a paper sheet or business form. There are at least two mechanisms by which to accomplish this objective. The first method of creating the card structure is to fully coat a sheet of paper with the barrier coating and varnish as set forth above. This sheet is then slit or cut into strips of the appropriate width to accommodate a die cutting operation. The second method includes a card laminate which is created by laminating two plastic sheets together with a cellulosic substrate therebetween. This can be done in full sheet configurations and then the laminated sheet is split or cut to create individual card units. The cellulosic substrate can contain printing such as logos of the customer, the recipients name and the like. The lamination can be accomplished either through heat and pressure or alternatively, an adhesive is used so as to bind the sheets together. By producing cards in bulk economies of scale can be realized.
In either instance, the card stock or card laminate ("card stock") should ideally be manufactured to be roughly the same thickness as the sheet stock to which it is to be attached. The card stock is attached to the bond sheet by any suitable or known technique, preferably by a strip of adhesive tape and then the area of the adhesive is compressed (e.g. by passing between compressing rolls)so as eliminate as much as possible any ridge in the construction. A further method of attaching the card stock is to apply a line of pressure sensitive adhesive to the paper sheet to which the card stock is to be applied and then lay the card stock over the adhesive and compress the sheet/card stock together in the area of the adhesive. The adhesive tape or strip in each instance should be a permanent adhesive to prevent the premature release of the card stock from the paper substrate.
The card stock and sheet should have the dimensions of a normal sheet, such as 8 1/2×11, 11×17 or 8 1/2×14 depending on the particular application so that it can be processed through a laser printer.
Variable indicia may be printed on the face of the card, such as an introductory letter to the recipient and the card and letter portion of the product can include matching indicia such as bar code and numeric indicia.
FIG. 1 is an end view of a combined identification card and business form according to the present invention with certain elements being exaggerated for clarity of illustration;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a form of the present invention with ID cards defined by lines of weakness in the form for ease of removal;
FIG. 3 is a further embodiment of the form hereof;
FIG. 4 is a further embodiment of the form hereof with the form comprised of discrete substrates forming a composite;
FIG. 5 illustrates a form laminated in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a top plan view of a form with the ID cards of FIG. 5 applied thereto; and
FIGS. 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 illustrate various graphs plotting various parameters of the forms hereof.
FIG. 1 shows an end view, with the thickness of the elements greatly exaggerated for clarity of illustration, or a combined identification card and business form 10 according to the invention. A substantially rectangular sheet 11 of cellulose stock having a weight of between about 31-52 pounds per ream, and a caliper of between about 6-10 mil, has applied to one face 12 thereof a barrier coating 13 (e.g. of a material such as described above), with a laser printable varnish 15 (e.g. a UV curable varnish such as those described above), which may be pigmented, (or the barrier coat may be pigmented) over the barrier coat 13. The composite coating 13, 15 on the face 12 of the sheet 11 has a thickness that is between about 0.1-5 mm, preferably about 0.25 mm. and a composite coating weight of between about 2.5-12.5 gm/sq.m. Indicia 16 may be laser printed, or otherwise imaged, on the varnish 15. The sheet 11 may be calendered either before or after the coatings 13, 15 have been applied. As shown in dotted line in FIG. 1, another barrier coat 13' and varnish coat 15' may be applied to face 12', so that both faces 12, 12' have ID cards thereon. The barrier coat 13 can be eliminated where penetration of the sheet 11 with the varnish, and/or adhesive of the varnish to the sheet 11, is not a problem.
FIG. 2 shows an embodiment in which the ID cards 20 have been formed in the sheet 11 by lines of weakness 21. One or more (in FIG. 2 two being shown) cards 20 may be formed in the sheet 11. The lines of weakness 21 may be die cuts, perf lines, or microperfs. As seen in FIG. 2, in this embodiment the coats 13, 15 cover less than half of the sheet 11, e. g. about 25% in the embodiment illustrated, and the rest of the sheet 11 comprises a business form, such as a letter, with indicia 24, 25 thereon.
FIG. 3 shows a cellulose sheet 111 that has been flood coated, or otherwise completely covered with barrier coat 13 and varnish 15, with a plurality of ID cards 20 formed by lines of weakness 21 therein. The sheet 111 is then formed into cards 20 for application to another sheet, such as by slitting along lines 30 to form strips 31.
FIG. 4 shows a strip 31 being attached to a business form 32. This attachment may be by any conventional technique, such as overlapping the strip 31 and form 32 and adhesively securing the overlapped portions together, by a splicing material, by mechanically deforming overlapping portions so that they interlock, etc. The preferred way--see in FIG. 4--is to place a strip of (preferably clear) pressure sensitive adhesive tape 33 over the interface 34 between the in-line edges of the form 32 and strip 31 (which are about the same thickness). The tape may be applied to only one side or both sides of the interface. The composite may then be passed through compression wells, or otherwise acted upon to minimize the ridge formed by the tape 33 or tapes. The tape 33 does not overlap the lines of weakness 21.
FIG. 5 shows an embodiment in which a cellulosic stock sheet 11 has indicia 35 imaged on at least one face thereof, with plastic sheets 36, 37 (which may be pigmented) laminated to both faces of the sheet 11, and attached by adhesive, or by application of heat and/or pressure. The individual cards 38 so formed (they may be cut from a large sheet or web containing numerous cards 38, or the cards 38 may be formed individually) are then connected to a business form 40, such as seen in FIG. 6, wherein a card 38 is attached by adhesive 42 to the form 40 having indicia 43 thereon. The adhesive 42 may be repositional adhesive, or may be permanent pressure sensitive adhesive, which will release from the plastic 37 of the card 38 more readily than from the paper business form 40. A card 20 could be used instead of card 38.
The form/card combination of FIGS. 2, 4, or 5 may be inserted into envelopes or made into mailers, such as in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,093,296 or 5,595,404, or processed in web form such as in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,427,416, 5,403,236, and 4,846,501.
FIGS. 7-11 show various graphs for tests run to show the feasibility of form/card combinations such as illustrated in FIG. 2, which graphs are labeled to show the various parameters being plotted, and are self explanatory.
With respect to the preferred embodiment of FIG. 2 various sample runs were made, from which the data of FIGS. 7-11 was obtained. Rad-Cure's Rad-Kote 107B-LP applied with a 400 line screen anilox gave the best laser-imprintable coating. The glossiest surface was achieved with the top coat 106-LPLO with a 200 anilox; however, this surface had poorer toner anchorage. A heavier coating of 107B-LP would yield a glossier card, but also increase the risk of blocking and odor complaints. Toner anchorage and gloss were similar in blank areas and in a strip of blue (or other color) ink printed under the barrier coating layer.
The barrier coat was very significant in affecting results of gloss, continuity and some toner anchorage tests. There were three differences between barrier coat I and II studied in this experiment, as explained in Table 1.
Four variables were studied. Each variable was run at two levels. This was not quite a full-factorial experiment because the treatment of ink on barrier coat II (AB) was not included.
TABLE 1______________________________________Design of Sample RunsFactor Low Level High Level______________________________________Barrier coating I IIInk, Arear AWB25-2925 Off OnAnilox for UV varnish 106-LPLO 107B-LPtop coating______________________________________ Barrier Coating I: Raquabond EG100 applied with 85 ceramic anilox on the outside of the roll of paper Barrier Coating II: Raquabond WBA5524 applied with 95 chrome anilox on th inside of the roll of paper.
Mead #38 Moistrite ledge paper, 7.1 mil caliper originally
Paper calendered from 0.8 to 1.1 mil caliper to allow room for coatings.
All coating material is contained within calendered area.
All UV coating run at 150 fpm press speed.
The process and operating conditions for the sample runs were:
Step 1) Calendered both sides of web on Midax® printing system (Moore USA, Lake Forest, Ill.) at 1100 psi both heads over 2 5/8" width. Pressure provides compression for better holdout, better gloss, and less chance for blocking and provides room for the coatings if necessary. Reduced caliper by 0.8-1.1 mils from 7.1 mils to 6.0-6.3 mils.
Step 2) Coat ink and both barrier coats in one pass on press.
a) On the "printing side out" of the web, print Arcar AWB25-2925 blue ink (phase 25--wax free) with a 250 Harper anilox at 1 3/16" width.
b) Over ink, coat EG-100 barrier coat material with 85 anilox at 2 3/8" width.
c) Flip web over.
d) Back side, WBA5524 barrier with 95 chrome anilox at same 2 3/8" width.
Only 105 fpm was achieved because of the thickness of EG-100. This coating also left a heavy ridge on the edge of the coating which picked off onto idler rolls in the press. Press ovens set at 240° F. The viscosity of EG-100 should be reduced so that it can be applied with a clean edge.
Step 3) UV varnish coating on front side (106-LPLO & 107B-LP with 200 and 400 anilox). Press speed 150-155 fpm with a single row of 600 W/in Fusion UV-H bulbs.
Step 4) varnish coating on back side, same four combinations and press conditions.
Responses evaluated in this experiment include toner anchorage, gloss, blocking, coating continuity, and pack lean. Average results are shown in Table 2 on the next page.
TABLE 2__________________________________________________________________________QUALITY TESTING RESULTS AND RESPONSES Blocking Visual SEM Toner Anchor Toner Anchor Pack CoatingYATES Ambient Appearance Continuity Tape test Lexmark test Lean Caliper Gloss__________________________________________________________________________(1) some glossy OK 4 6.83 0.34 7.0 65.3A slight mottled voids 5 6.5 45.4B some glossy OK 3 7 7.0 65.2C slight glossy thin 3.5 5.67 1.3 6.8 39.3AC none mottled voids 4.5 7 28.2BC slight glossy thin 3 5.83 7.0 39.8D slight glossy OK 1 7.17 0.21 6.8 61.9AD slight mottled voids 3 7.5 42.4BD slight glossy OK 1 7.5 6.9 63.2CD slight glossy thin 1 7.33 0.67 6.8 46.7ACD none mottled voids 2 7.5 31.0BCD slight glossy thin 1 7.67 6.9 47.7__________________________________________________________________________PRESS TEST CONDITIONSYATES Anilox for Barrier Blue Ink Anilox for UV Varnish UV Varnish__________________________________________________________________________(1) I off 200 106LPLOA II off 200 106LPLOB I on 200 106LPLOC I off 400 106LPLOAC II off 400 106LPLOBC I on 400 106LPLOD I off 200 107BLPAD II off 200 107BLPBD I on 200 107BLPCD I off 400 107BLPACD II off 400 107BLPBCD I on 400 107BLP__________________________________________________________________________ CONSTANTS Mead 38# Moistrite ledger paper, 7.1 mil originally Paper calendered from 0.8 to 1.1 mil caliper to allow room for coatings. All coating is contained with calendered area. All UV coating run at 150 fpm press speed. Barrier coating I is Raquabond EG100 applied with 85 cermaic anilox Barrier coating II is Raquabond WBA5524 applied with 95 chrome anilox
Toner Anchorage
This is the primary characteristic/requirement of the card. Anchorage was measured both on the Lexmark scale and by the tape test. 107B-LP easily outperformed 106-LPLO with an average Lexmark rating of 7.4 vs. 6.3 out of 8. It was the most significant variable. The next most significant treatment is the interaction between the UV coating and anilox (coat weight). 107B-LP showed slightly better anchorage at he low coat weight, but 106-LPLO got even worse at the low coat weight. Plot points and F-ratios are given below; graphs depicting these results are on the "Toner Charts" page. Although all samples met the minimum Lexmark value of 5, only 107B-LP samples passed the tape test. 107B-LP samples had no or little toner pick-off on the tape (1-2 rating); whereas, 106-LPLO samples showed moderate to heavy pick-off on the tape (3-5 rating).
______________________________________Low Level High Level F-Ratio______________________________________106-LPLO = 6.3 107B-LP = 7.4 113UV Coating/Anilox 42Interaction200 anilox = 7.1 400 anilox = 6.6 24No ink = 6.8 Ink = 7.0 6______________________________________
Three readings of gloss were averaged for each sample using a Statistical Novogloss glossmeter at 75° beam angle. Both UV coatings were similar in this test. The anilox cylinder and barrier coating were the two most significant variables. Also two interactions were significant. The recommended combination of 107B-LP/400 anilox had a 47 reading which is semi-glossy. The maximum reading of 65 was with 106-LPLO and the 200 anilox. Average effects and F-ratios are tabulated below. Effect and interaction graphs are on the "Gloss Charts" page. There is no minimum specification yet.
______________________________________Low Level High Level F-Ratio______________________________________200 anilox = 54 400 anilox = 36 864Barrier I = 53 Barrier II = 37 778UV Coating/Anilox 49InteractionBarrier Coat/UV Anilox 28Interaction106-LPLO = 45 107B-LP = 46 3______________________________________
Blocking was tested at ambient conditions under 2.2 psi of weight. This would be the approximate weight of forms in the printer tray. In most cases there was a slight amount of sticking, but the sheets came apart cleanly with a gentle pull. No picking of the coating was seen. The least amount of blocking was seen on the back side coating because of the mottled surface and poor hold-out, but this would not be representative of our final product. Blocking can best be avoided, as well as any odor, by minimizing the coat weight of UV varnish.
SEM Continuity/Visual Appearance
100X magnification of the surface by SEM reveals many details about the coating continuity and smoothness. A huge difference was seen between coverage front to back over barrier coat I and II. On the front, there was only an occasional small void; whereas, the back side showed large gaps in the coating between exposed paper fibers. The heavier coat weight put down with the 200 anilox was noticeable, but not quite as obvious. Continuity was comparable between both UV coatings and between printed and non-printed areas.
Pack Lean/Caliper/Curl
Figures for pack lean reported in Table 2 are an extrapolated estimate of offset in a full printer tray--24" high stack, approximately 3300 sheets. The maximum amount would be 1.3 inches, more than could be tolerated by the customer's printers. The paper was calendered sufficiently to allow room for all the coatings, which can be confirmed by a caliper in the coated areas of 6.8-7.0 mils compared to the paper's original 7.1 mils thickness. In fact, much of the lean is caused by curl from drying the heavy aqueous barrier coat on the back side.
UV top coating: 107B-LP is a better choice for its superior toner anchorage. For both gloss and anchorage tests, it gave a more consistent result at high and low coat weights. This will give us a more robust product. It also cures at a slightly faster line speed on press.
UV anilox roll: A 200 line anilox (8.7 BCM volume) applies a heavier coating thickness than a 400 line (4.0 BCM volume) anilox--which was the most significant factor in achieving high gloss. There are four benefits, however, to using the smaller 400 anilox--lower odor, less blocking, reduced raw material costs, and slightly higher toner adhesion with the 107B-LP coating.
Ink: Printing the ink under the barrier coat has eliminated the problem of poor toner anchorage in the printed area. In this experiment it did not have a significant effect on any result.
Barrier coat: Although barrier coat I gave good gloss, continuity and toner anchorage results, the EG-100 liquid was too thick and its viscosity should be reduced.
While the invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiment, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
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Hi everyone, can someone help me with a bit of training advice? I know lots of exercises for building up muscles in my arms and chest and i am already well muscled in my upper body but my legs are starting to look skinny and thin in comparison. what are the best exercises to get bigger calfs and thighs?
Anyone..... Please?
Hi Booboo, don't worry there's lots you can do for legs. The best moves are squats, lunges, split squats and calf raises. Just hold heavy weights to build more bulk (obviously, paying careful to form above all). Get an instructor or someone in your gym to give you a hand the first time to make sure you do the moves safely. HTH


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By Lisa DanielAmerican Forces Press Service
ARLINGTON, Va., June 1, 2012 Our national leaders often speak of military families' resilience, and that is something I witnessed firsthand here last week at the 18th annual Tragedy Assistance Program for Survivors National Survivor Seminar and Good Grief Camp.
While hundreds of thousands of visitors descended on the Washington, D.C., area to commemorate our nation's war dead, some 2,000 people crowded into a Marriott hotel here to help themselves and each other deal with the grief of losing their very own military heroes.
You might expect such a gathering to be morose, and there was an understandable amount of sadness. Most of the participants lost someone in recent years or months – a parent, spouse, sibling or child – and the deaths usually were sudden. The seminar and camps help by bringing surviving family members together in understanding and expressing their grief.
The participants at TAPS events are called survivors, and the word is written on the red T-shirts all are given at registration. The word is more than just a way of describing the living, as you might read in an obituary; it also describes the strength and resilience of the families. When the adult participants came together in an oversized ballroom, they created a cacophony of chatter and, yes, laughter. In that room, on that day, you could not have known you were walking into a room full of grieving people.
Still, I moved delicately among participants, asking if they would like to talk about their lost loved one for publication. They all did.
"My husband was an awesome man," Shelann Clapp, of Texas, told me. Her husband, Army Chief Warrant Officer 5 Douglas Clapp, was an Iraq war veteran with 31 years of service when the helicopter he was riding in near Fort Hood crashed, killing him and six others, in 2004. A conference center is named for him at Red River Army Depot, Ala.
In the early days, Clapp said, she would put on sunglasses to hide the tears as she cried her way through traffic to work each day. She and her husband had commuted together. But on this day, at the TAPS seminar, Clapp, wearing a button with a picture of her husband as a much younger man in Army fatigues, smiled broadly as she spoke of him. "He left a legacy for us," she said.
Like other survivors, Clapp wished everyone could have known the person she loved. "We all want to create pictures of what that person was like."
The wound was fresher for Bob and Kitty Conant, whose son, John, died from an undiagnosed heart condition in 2008. The Conants traveled to Washington from California to attend the seminar and serve as mentors to other grieving families.
Like all the families, their loss was devastating. Army Sgt. John Conant was a combat medic who had deployed three times. Two days before his heart stopped, he was cleared to go again. He had been battling post-traumatic stress, but seemed to have turned a corner and was reconnecting with his family in the months leading up to his death.
"Let me tell you a funny story about John," Bob Conant said last week. He proceeded to tell me about the time his son, in a burst of anger fueled by post-traumatic stress, got into his car, threw the gear shifter into reverse, and floored the gas pedal to leave his home -- but he forgot to raise the garage door. "It landed in the street!" his father said, laughing.
With strong religious faith, the Conants now are in a place where they can laugh at memories of their son. Other families are in different places in their grief. But one thing they no doubt all would like is to carry on the memory of their loved ones, all lost too soon.
Related Articles:Dempseys, Bidens Honor Survivors, Biden Shares LossSurvivors of Fallen Share Memories, UnderstandingPhoto Essay


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- Filed Under
$60 million fine
The amount is roughly equal to a year of gross football revenue. The money will go to an endowment for "programs preventing child sexual abuse and/or assisting the victims of child sexual abuse." The NCAA specified PSU cannot cut other sports programs or scholarships to pay the fine.
Transfer rules
Players are released from their commitment to Penn State and immediately eligible to transfer without having to sit out a year. Additionally, football players who wish to continue their education without playing football may keep their scholarships as long as they maintain academic requirements.
Vacated wins
Every Penn State win from 1998-2011 has been vacated. This means Joe Paterno no longer has the record for most coaching wins in major college football. He loses 111 wins and the school loses 112 - the Nittany Lions beat Ohio State last season after Paterno was fired Nov. 9.
Scholarship crisis
For next season and through the 2016 season, Penn State can only sign 15 recruits a year. Most teams can sign 25. Starting with the 2014 season, the Nittany Lions can only have 65 players on scholarship until after the 2017 season. The usual scholarship limit for major college teams is 85.
Postseason ban
Penn State faces a four-year ban, meaning the Nittany Lions will be ineligible to play in a bowl game, the Big Ten championship game or the proposed college football playoff for the national championship until after the 2016 season.
- The Associated Press


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See definition in Oxford Advanced Learner's DictionarySaltos de línea: pol¦yg|amy
Pronunciación: /pəˈlɪɡəmi/
Definición de polygamy en inglés:
sustantivo[mass noun]
1The practice or custom of having more than one wife or husband at the same time.
Oraciones de ejemplo
- Polyandry (multiple husbands) has recently been abolished; the practice of polygamy is legal provided the first wife grants her consent.
- In 1904 church President Joseph F. Smith presented a second manifesto that disciplined those who continued to practice polygamy or perform plural marriages.
- Some wealthy Tuareg men practice polygamy (having more than one wife at the same time).
1.1 Zoology A pattern of mating in which an animal has more than one mate.
Oraciones de ejemplo
- Mating systems characterized by restricted breeding seasons, male polygamy, and female monogamy are common among animals.
- For example, species without care or with uniparental care are expected to show higher levels of polygamy than do species with biparental care.
- Evening Grosbeaks are generally monogamous, although when there is an unusually plentiful food supply, polygamy can occur.
1.2 Botany The condition of bearing some flowers with stamens only, some with pistils only, and some with both, on the same or different plants.
Oraciones de ejemplo
- In plants, polygamy means the co-occurrence and function of monosexual and bisexual individuals in a population.
- Circumstances show that matrimony is something good for people, and circumstances likewise justify polygamy for plants and animals.
- 1
- Oraciones de ejemplo
- Most of the estimated 30,000 people practising polygamy in the West trace their roots to early Mormon doctrine, although the church abandoned the practice in 1890 and excommunicates polygamists.
- Admittedly, traditional marriage counselling has done wonders for some, but there are also accomplished and articulate polygamists you can turn to for excellent advice as well.
- From the London Sunday Times, we learn that Muslim polygamists may get special tax breaks in Britain.
Pronunciación: /pəˈlɪɡəmɪst/sustantivo
Late 16th century: from French polygamie, via late Latin from Greek polugamia, from polugamos 'often marrying'.
Palabras que riman con polygamybigamy, trigamy
Definición de polygamy en:
- Diccionario Inglés de EE.UU.
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Win a wedding: Couple with commitment hope for dream wedding
Posted: January 22, 2014|
A MUM-OF-FOUR and her partner, who found love after meeting at a conference, have become the first same-sex couple to enter our Win a Wedding competition.
Sam Baylis, 38, and Helen Carter, 46, got engaged after a whirlwind romance – but had to put their wedding on hold due to spiralling vets fees when their beloved cocker spaniel became ill.
The couple, both retail service managers at the Queen's Medical Centre, met at a work conference in Norfolk in 2010.
Helen, who is mum to Georgia, 22, Nathaniel, 20, Tilly, 18, and Hope, 16, from her previous marriage, said: "We immediately felt a strong connection but were both in relationships at the time, so we stayed in contact as friends and used to write to each other.
"We got together two years' later after a work night out. I moved in with Sam – along with my daughter Tilly – just three months after that."
She added: "Everything happened quite fast but she's my best friend and it is like I've met the other part of myself.
"Sam amazes me on a daily basis. For someone who has never been married or had children, she just completely accepted my ready-made family and they all love Sam too."
Sam got down on one knee and proposed at T8s wine bar in Hucknall in October 2012 – after just six months together.
The couple immediately began saving for their big day but the death of their beloved ten-year-old cocker spaniel, Digby, on Saturday has left the pair with £2,000 of vet's fees that they are not sure their insurance will cover.
"It looks like the money will have to come out of the wedding fund which is quite upsetting," said Helen.
This setback has made the couple even more determined to bag the top prize in the Post's Win a Wedding 2014 competition.
All Win a Wedding competition entrants will be featured in a special supplement and readers will then vote for the couple of their choice.
The ten couples with the most votes will be invited to a special finals evening at Woodborough Hall in March, where the competition's sponsors will select the overall winner.
Helen, who is originally from South London, said: "It's really important that everyone stops referring to it as 'gay marriage'. We will be just as committed to each other as any other straight married couple and it's really important that it's recognised as the same – a fully legal marriage."
Life-long Nottingham resident Sam said: "It would be amazing if we won the competition as Helen does everything for everyone, so it would be great to give her a special day."
Helen's daughter Tilly, who lives with the couple at their home in Hucknall, told the Post she has never seen her mum happier.
She said: "It's really good living with mum and Sam and we all get on really well. In fact me and Sam often end up ganging up on mum.
"Mum and Sam are going to be happy forever, it's the happiest I've seen mum in ages."


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Murray The Wheel at Gippers in Milford
A Lil Sumthin' For Your Earhole!
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Big Jim is synonymous with the phrase "band slut". Being one that's never been afraid of spreading himself too thin, Big Jim is almost assuredly in multiple bands and at this moment the following are the currents:
Murray The Wheel: Blues Rock Covers & Originals. SRV, Clapton, ZZ Top, Hendrix, CCR,Trower & more
Half Step Down: 70's ~ 90's covers
Angry Again: Metal, mEtAl & more METAL!
Evil Eyes (Dio Tribute): Performing An ALL Dio Set...Rainbow, Sabbath & Dio
This website isn't dedicated to Jim as much as it's dedicated to the bands he performs in. Stop back often as dates, pics and information will constantly be updated. Click any of the buttons at the top of this page to enter the insanity known as "Jim's World" and you'll be entertained with audio, video, bios and links to other sites associated with the bands. On the gigs page, you'll have links to every club listed. You're in for a real treat on each and every page! And if you're here for the first time, sign the mailing list to be informed of the latest happenings via email AND text message at www.justajim.com. For bookings and additional queries call/text 203~981~3341. Or emails can be sent to email@example.com. Best wishes & great journeys...
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Murray The Wheel at Gippers in Milford
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Murray The Wheel at Benefit in West Haven
Murray The Wheel at Riddles in Naugatuck
Murray The Wheel at Riddles in Naugatuck
Murray The Wheel at Strykers in Berlin
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Murray The Wheel at Riddles in Naugatuck
Murray The Wheel at Riddles in Naugatuck
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|Motel 6 Nashville properties are provided below. Search for cheap and discount Motel 6 hotel prices in Nashville, IN for your personal or business trip. We list the best Motel 6 Nashville hotels/lodging so you can review the Nashville Motel 6 hotel list below to find the perfect place.
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A series of creative techniques featuring short projects using After Effects and CINEMA 4D.
Demonstrates how to render an animation in CINEMA 4D and apply two different visual styles in After Effects.
"The site has given me an amazing renewal of long-lost inspiration. I feel I have my creativity back for the first time in many, many years." —Louise L.
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speed cobra and bass drum setup, adjustement for best results?
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Beam Me Up Scotty
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Join Date: Dec 2012
Location: Ontario, Canada
Posts: 910
Re: speed cobra and bass drum setup, adjustement for best results?
With my Speedcobras double, I have the spring tension pretty high, almost maxed. The Cobra Coil is at the highest setting, and I have replaced the chain-drive of the pedal with nylon straps. The footboards themselves aren't on a shallow angle, but nor are they very high; that is too detrimental to fast bass patterns. My beaters are set to hit the ~middle of the bass head, with the tension being neither low nor high. My reso head is fairly loose, ported and with a Kickport. As for muffling, I have a relatively large pillow in my 18 x 22 Tama Starclassic Maple bass drum.
With all that in mind, I play mostly rock and hard rock, and get a wonderful rebound while still retaining some of the bass drum's tone (read: almost no tone).
Perfect for me.
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Doug Winnie reviews the core features and functions of Windows Phone 8.1, including working with email, calendars, the camera, and Microsoft Office files.
Learn how to extend the Xbox One beyond gaming with apps and external hardware.
Get up and running with Chrome OS, the operating system that runs on Google Chromebooks and Chromeboxes.
Learn how to get Google Glass set up and connected to your phone, and find out how to use touch input and gestures to control Glass in real-world scenarios: navigating a city, accepting calls, and taking photos and video.
Get Windows 8 running on your Mac with VMware Fusion.
Get Windows 8 running on your virtual machine with VMware Workstation.
Find out whether Google Glass—a wearable computer that places both a screen and a camera near your eye—is right for you.
Learn to design and build a Live Tile to represent your app on the Windows Phone Start screen.
Provides an introduction to the Windows Phone 8 platform and the basic tenets of the Modern UI design style, through the development of a basic tip calculator application.
"For five days I have been excitedly moving from lesson to lesson, course to course. These are the finest and most reasonably priced tutorials I have ever found!" —David S.
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about Todd FlowerdayA Roman Catholic lay person, married (since 1996), with one adopted child (since 2001). I serve in worship and spiritual life in a midwestern university parish.
about John Donaghy
John is a lay missionary since 2007 with a parish in western Honduras. Before that he served in campus ministry and social justice ministry in Iowa. His ministry blog is http://hermanojuancito.blogspot.com
He also blogs reflections on the lectionary and saints/heroes/events of the date at http://walktheway.wordpress.com
He'll be a long-term contributor here analyzing the Latin American bishops' document from their 2007 Aparecida Conference.
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The NCAA is feeling threatened by student-athletes unionizing. Good. No doubt, lawyers will be looking for a cut of the NCAA billions. I hope the student-athletes don't allow themselves to be pushed around. The NCAA and member universities and colleges … Continue reading
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Dies Domini 16: Remembering
Remembering is a holy activity. Sometimes it can be indulgent, harboring grudges and such. But in the context of Sunday, of worship, and of faith, sanctification is partly based on our memory. This section and the next fall under the … Continue reading
EG 135: The Homily
Pope Francis steals the thunder from the US Bishops a bit in this sub-section of Chapter Three that examines the homily in some detail. My pastor dove right into this section when the document came out late last year. The … Continue reading
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The Five New Pillars of Education
The Five New Pillars of Education
With the help of elementary schoolchildren from Washington, D.C., Michelle Obama broke ground March 20, 2009 for the first vegetable garden at the White House since World War II.
The organic garden's most important role, Mrs. Obama told the New York Times, is to educate children about healthful, locally grown fruit and vegetables, at a time when obesity and diabetes have become national concerns. The Center for Ecoliteracy celebrates this important step, and shares these excerpts from President Obama's first major speech on American education.
The future belongs to the nation that best educates its citizens — and my fellow Americans, we have everything we need to be that nation. We have the best universities, the most renowned scholars. We have innovative principals and passionate teachers and gifted students, and we have parents whose only priority is their child's education. We have a legacy of excellence, and an unwavering belief that our children should climb higher than we did.
And yet, despite resources that are unmatched anywhere in the world, we've let our grades slip, our schools crumble, our teacher quality fall short, and other nations outpace us…. The relative decline of American education is untenable for our economy, it's unsustainable for our democracy, it's unacceptable for our children — and we can't afford to let it continue….
Now, at a time when we've inherited a trillion-dollar deficit, we will start by doing a little housekeeping, going through our books, cutting wasteful education programs. My outstanding Secretary of Education, Arne Duncan…will use only one test when deciding what ideas to support with your precious tax dollars: It's not whether an idea is liberal or conservative, but whether it works. And this will help free up resources for the first pillar of reforming our schools — investing in early childhood initiatives.
Investing in Early Childhood Initiatives
Studies show that children in early childhood education programs are more likely to score higher in reading and math, more likely to graduate from high school and attend college, more likely to hold a job, and more likely to earn more in that job. For every dollar we invest in these programs, we get nearly $10 back in reduced welfare rolls, fewer health care costs, and less crime. That's why the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act that I signed into law invests $5 billion in growing Early Head Start and Head Start, expanding access to quality child care for 150,000 more children from working families, and doing more for children with special needs. And that's why we are going to offer 55,000 first-time parents regular visits from trained nurses to help make sure their children are healthy and prepare them for school and for life….
That's why I'm issuing a challenge to our states: Develop a cutting-edge plan to raise the quality of your early learning programs; show us how you'll work to ensure that children are better prepared for success by the time they enter kindergarten. If you do, we will support you with an Early Learning Challenge Grant that I call on Congress to enact. That's how we will reward quality and incentivize excellence, and make a down payment on the success of the next generation.
Better Standards and Assessments
So that's the first pillar of our education reform agenda. The second, we will end what has become a race to the bottom in our schools and instead spur a race to the top by encouraging better standards and assessments. Now, this is an area where we are being outpaced by other nations. It's not that their kids are any smarter than ours — it's that they are being smarter about how to educate their children…. Our curriculum for eighth-graders is two full years behind top performing countries. That's a prescription for economic decline. And I refuse to accept that America's children cannot rise to this challenge. They can, and they must, and they will meet higher standards in our time.
So let's challenge our states to adopt world-class standards that will bring our curriculums to the 21st century. Today's system of 50 different sets of benchmarks for academic success means fourth-grade readers in Mississippi are scoring nearly 70 points lower than students in Wyoming — and they're getting the same grade. Eight of our states are setting their standards so low that their students may end up on par with roughly the bottom 40 percent of the world.
That's inexcusable. That's why I'm calling on states that are setting their standards far below where they ought to be to stop low-balling expectations for our kids. The solution to low test scores is not lowering standards — it's tougher, clearer standards…. I'm calling on our nation's governors and state education chiefs to develop standards and assessments that don't simply measure whether students can fill in a bubble on a test, but whether they possess 21st-century skills like problem-solving and critical thinking and entrepreneurship and creativity.
That is what we'll help them do later this year when we finally make No Child Left Behind live up to its name by ensuring not only that teachers and principals get the funding that they need, but that the money is tied to results. And Arne Duncan will also back up this commitment to higher standards with a fund to invest in innovation in our school districts….
Recruiting, Preparing, and Rewarding Teachers
Now, to complete our race to the top requires the third pillar of reform — recruiting, preparing, and rewarding outstanding teachers. From the moment students enter a school, the most important factor in their success is not the color of their skin or the income of their parents, it's the person standing at the front of the classroom. That's why our Recovery Act will ensure that hundreds of thousands of teachers and school personnel are not laid off — because those Americans are not only doing jobs they can't afford to lose, they're rendering a service our nation cannot afford to lose, either.
America's future depends on its teachers. And so today, I'm calling on a new generation of Americans to step forward and serve our country in our classrooms…. And if you do your part, then we'll do ours. That's why we're taking steps to prepare teachers for their difficult responsibilities, and encourage them to stay in the profession. That's why we're creating new pathways to teaching and new incentives to bring teachers to schools where they're needed most. That's why we support offering extra pay to Americans who teach math and science to end a teacher shortage in those subjects. It's why we're building on the promising work being done in places like South Carolina's Teachers Advancement Program, and making an unprecedented commitment to ensure that anyone entrusted with educating our children is doing the job as well as it can be done….
Promoting Innovation and Excellence
Now, that leads me to the fourth part of America's education strategy — promoting innovation and excellence in America's schools. One of the places where much of that innovation occurs is in our most effective charter schools. And these are public schools founded by parents, teachers, and civic or community organizations with broad leeway to innovate — schools I supported as a state legislator and a United States senator.
But right now, there are many caps on how many charter schools are allowed in some states, no matter how well they're preparing our students. That isn't good for our children, our economy, or our country. Of course, any expansion of charter schools must not result in the spread of mediocrity, but in the advancement of excellence. And that will require states adopting both a rigorous selection and review process to ensure that a charter school's autonomy is coupled with greater accountability — as well as a strategy, like the one in Chicago, to close charter schools that are not working. Provided this greater accountability, I call on states to reform their charter rules, and lift caps on the number of allowable charter schools, wherever such caps are in place.
Now, even as we foster innovation in where our children are learning, let's also foster innovation in when our children are learning. We can no longer afford an academic calendar designed for when America was a nation of farmers who needed their children at home plowing the land at the end of each day. That calendar may have once made sense, but today it puts us at a competitive disadvantage. Our children — listen to this — our children spend over a month less in school than children in South Korea every year. That's no way to prepare them for a 21st-century economy. That's why I'm calling for us not only to expand effective after-school programs, but to rethink the school day to incorporate more time — whether during the summer or through expanded-day programs for children who need it….
Quality Higher Education
Now, the fifth part of America's education strategy is providing every American with a quality higher education — whether it's college or technical training. Never has a college degree been more important. Never has it been more expensive. And at a time when so many of our families are bearing enormous economic burdens, the rising cost of tuition threatens to shatter dreams. And that's why we will simplify federal college assistance forms so it doesn't take a Ph.D. to apply for financial aid.
That's why we're already taking steps to make college or technical training affordable. For the first time ever, Pell Grants will not be subject to the politics of the moment or the whim of the market — they will be a commitment that Congress is required to uphold each and every year. Not only that; because rising costs mean Pell Grants cover less than half as much tuition as they did 30 years ago, we're raising the maximum Pell Grant to $5,550 a year and indexing it above inflation. We're also providing a $2,500-a-year tuition tax credit for students from working families….
So here's the bottom line: Yes, we need more money; yes, we need more reform; yes, we need to hold ourselves more accountable for every dollar we spend. But there's one more ingredient I want to talk about. No government policy will make any difference unless we also hold ourselves more accountable as parents — because government, no matter how wise or efficient, cannot turn off the TV or put away the video games. Teachers, no matter how dedicated or effective, cannot make sure your child leaves for school on time and does their homework when they get back at night. These are things only a parent can do. These are things that our parents must do….
I want every child in this country to have the same chance that my mother gave me, that my teachers gave me, that my college professors gave me, that America gave me….
I truly believe if I do my part, and you, the American people, do yours, then we will emerge from this crisis a stronger nation, and pass the dream of our founding on to posterity, ever safer than before.
This essay is excerpted from President Obama's first major speech on education, delivered before the U.S. Hispanic Chamber of Commerce on March 10, 2009.


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|Residence Inn By Marriott Edenton properties are provided below. Search for cheap and discount Residence Inn By Marriott hotel prices in Edenton, NC for your personal or business trip. We list the best Residence Inn By Marriott Edenton lodging so you can review the Edenton Residence Inn By Marriott hotel list below to find the perfect place.
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Rocky Mountain Research Station Publications
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Crested wheatgrass control and native plant establishment in Utah
Hulet, April; Roundy, Bruce A.; Jessop, Brad. 2010. Crested wheatgrass control and native plant establishment in Utah. Rangeland Ecology and Management. 63: 450-460.
Effective control methods need to be developed to reduce crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum [L.] Gaertner) monocultures and promote the establishment of native species. This research was designed to determine effective ways to reduce crested wheatgrass and establish native species while minimizing weed invasion. We mechanically (single- or double-pass disking) and chemically (formula available in PDF) treated two crested wheatgrass sites in northern Utah followed by seeding native species in 2005 and 2006. The study was conducted at each site as a randomized block split plot design with five blocks. Following wheatgrass-reduction treatments, plots were divided into 0.2-ha subplots that were either unseeded or seeded with native plant species using a Truax Rough Rider rangeland drill. Double-pass disking in 2005 best initially controlled wheatgrass and decreased cover from 14% to 6% at Lookout Pass and from 14% to 4% at Skull Valley in 2006. However, crested wheatgrass recovered to similar cover percentages as untreated plots 2-3 yr after wheatgrass-reduction treatments. At the Skull Valley site, cheatgrass cover decreased by 14% on herbicide-treated plots compared to an increase of 33% on mechanical-treated plots. Cheatgrass cover was also similar on undisturbed and treated plots 2 yr and 3 yr after wheatgrass-reduction treatments, indicating that wheatgrass recovery minimized any increases in weed dominance as a result of disturbance. Native grasses had high emergence after seeding, but lack of survival was associated with short periods of soil moisture availability in spring 2007. Effective wheatgrass control may require secondary treatments to reduce the seed bank and open stands to dominance by seeded native species. Manipulation of crested wheatgrass stands to restore native species carries the risk of weed invasion if secondary treatments effectively control the wheatgrass and native species have limited survival due to drought.
Keywords: Agropyrum cristatum, assisted succession, bridging communities, mechanical and chemical control, Roundup Original Max
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Publications: Crested wheatgrass control and native plant establishment
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Electronic Publish Date: August 13, 2010
Last Update: August 13, 2010
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Photos from Photoshop World Vegas, Opening Keynote
by Brad Moore | 7 comments
Hey everyone, Brad Moore here with a quick update from Photoshop World Las Vegas. Here are some highlights from yesterday's opening keynote. I'll be posting more today and tomorrow, so keep checking back for updates!
And don't forget that you can still come check out the Photoshop World Expo for free today and tomorrow, thanks to B&H Photo.


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Home » Resources » Imagination Library » Imagination Library – Book Activities for Your Children
Imagination Library – Book Activities for Your Children
Click on an image below that will bring you to a sheet with suggested activities you can do with your child to help them bring their Imagination Library books to life. Not signed up for Imagination Library? Learn more here.
Also, check out the 10 skills your child needs to be prepared on the first day of school.
Join us on Facebook and keep up-to-date on United Way events and information. We'll see you there!
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Show that true A's spirit, no matter the weather. This Competitor full zip jacket will have you prepared to cheer on Oakland! It features an embroidered team logo at the upper left chest, a hidden hood within the collar, and a drawstring at the waist to ensure a snug fit. Be prepared should the weather change at your next Athletics game!
- 100% Polyester
- Bungee draw cord on hemline
- Hood without drawstring
- Imported
- Interior slip pocket
- Interior zippered pocket
- Mesh lining
- Midweight full zip jacket suitable for moderate temperatures
- Officially licensed
- Quality embroidery
- Two front pockets with zippered closure
- Zippered collar with concealed hood
Reviewed by 1 customer
- Authentic Look
- Quality Construction
- Shows Off Team Pride
- Stylish Design
Best Uses
- Anytime
- Around Town
- At The Game
- Watching The Game on TV
Comments about Oakland Athletics Competitor Full Zip Jacket - Green:
Runs a little big but not by much.
Special event items are produced by manufacturers only after the outcome of a game or event. These are advanced sale items and will ship immediately after they are received in our warehouse.
Manufacturer direct items are shipped directly from the manufacturer. These items are not available for international or expedited shipping.
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WILMINGTON, NC (WWAY) — The NC House passed an amendment this afternoon that may save film incentives in the state for at least one more year.
Rep. Ted Davis (R-New Hanover County) introduced the amendment on the NC House floor this afternoon that would keep film incentives closer to what they are currently at least for the next year. It passed 77-36.
The bill will need to clear some more procedural votes before adoption and heading to the Senate.
The proposal for film incentives included in the proposed state budget is a grant-based program that would cap incentives at $10 million. Davis's amendment would raise that cap to $40 million, and instead of a grant would be instituted as a tax credit.
Davis was brought to tears on the House floor saying he's never worked as hard on an issue as he has the one of film incentives.
"These things that really need to be addressed so we can come back as I said earlier," said Rep. Ted Davis, on the floor of the house today, "during the long session, and address the film incentive issue."
His amendment would reduce the current film incentive tax credit from 25 percent to 22.5 percent. It would also require a "Made in North Carolina" logo be attached to the end of any movie or production using the credit.
"We are ecstatic, we are ecstatic, we are looking forward to the study next year that is going to prove beyond a shadow of a doubt and once and for all that the film industry brings thousands of jobs and millions of dollars to the state every year," said Rep. Susi Hamilton, who also voted for the amendment.
The bill will go on to the Senate for approval. If included in the entire budget it would be voted on again by both houses before going to the Governor to be signed.


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I am glad you are finding the DVD effective and it has worked for you the past four days. You were smart enough to buy the DVD in SPITE of the bogus claim. There will be plenty of people who think they failed because they did not lose enough weight or in most cases, any weight. That is detrimental to the industry and most likely the ego of the person who wasn't smart enough to buy in spite of the claim. Jillian Michaels placed a black and white bogus claim on her DVD to try to boost sales and make more money. I find this unethical!
Blowing your nose in gym towels? That's Gross, how about this. I am not sure if ladies get this in the women's locker room, I hear men blowing their noses in the shower stalls. FYI, probably a good idea to wear sandals in the shower.
I have read that also. D2 is the actual supplement which is found in fortified foods such as cereal, milk and juices. D3 naturally occurs when we are exposed to sunlight making it similar to a hormone.
I would rather see a circuit training program without Nautilus equipment. Unless you are a body builder or rehabbing an injury I see no advantage to selectorized equipment, even in older adults. Seniors need to be stable and they are certainly not going to get any balance on a Nautilus machine. The cost is outrageous. $2000 for a bicep curl machine or knee extension is a little over the top.
Obesity is on the rise in all classes, not just the poor. There are plenty of free exercise programs for kids of all socioeconomic backgrounds. Many towns offer free recreation programs to their residents. Contact your local parks and recreation dept. A trainer can offer group sessions that reduce the price. Instead of $85/hour, many trainers will offer a group session with approximately 8 to 10 people for $10hour. It's a win/win for everyone.
No, subjects were random college students of all fitness levels. I am interested in your thoughts about the Wii fit workouts? Let us know.
Brian, that's great that you are training kids and having fun! That's the name of the game! Keep up the great work!
Everyone needs a little time off to recover from workouts but 8 weeks is a little extreme. Nice job on 10 months, let's try to the streak going throughout the winter. Don't Stop!
Brian, I would like to say our struggles are education but I don't think that could be possible. We are inundated with the benefits of exercise in newspapers, blogs (wink), television, billboards, etc...... Maybe lack of good role models, parents who do not exercise produce kids who do not exercise, lack of good phys ed teachers/coaches, too much media (xbox, 500 cable channels, on demand, internet, etc). This combined with poor nutrition is a disaster.
There are plenty of cardio machines that fold up. Treadmills and even ellipticals fold up so that you can store them in an apartment closet. I have worked with the Nordic Track Elliptical which did fold up. Good luck putting it together!
Yes, I am a fan of Amino Vital. Amino Vital is made up of branch chain amino acids which are absorbed quickly and help muscle recovery after intense workouts. Some endurance athletes use the formula during long competitions. With this being said, it is not necessary after every workout.
Measuring foods is important, especially when trying to lose weight. What kind of cereal? Hopefully not fruit loops!
I think you are right on the money! A glass of wine is approx 125 calories, you are saving at least that by not eating all of the holiday "treats".
Anytime of the day and every other day is sufficient. Of course there are conditions that wold allow for more or less.
In my view, the best place for an Ab Roller is the trash can. I feel this device does more harm than good!
Are we talking about the same device? I am talking about the AbRoller, as seen on TV infomercial device. www.abroller.com This reply can be a blog post in itself. First, the only movement that can be performed with the AbRoller is spinal flexion. Eventually spinal flexion can cause injury. Also, the AbRoller supports your neck. I would rather clients stabilize their own neck rather than rely on a pillow. Your head rests on a pillow all night long, why do it in a gym?
I agree with you. If the ab-wheel is not used properly it can cause injury. However, if your core is strong enough, the ab-wheel is a fantastic device to improve core strength. I love it!
Either will improve upper body strength. With a wide grip push-up (elbows out), you are sure to work your chest. With a narrow grip, you are sure to feel it in your upper arms.
The current research is actually starting to prove the opposite is true here. Leading researchers in the field (Stuart McGill) are finding that crunches day in and day out can cause back injuries. The reasons crunches were popular for a long time is because they isolate the abdominal musculature more than a sit-up. A sit-up is a multimuscle group exercise that works the legs and core. The exercise you are trying to explain adds some shoulder and core stabilization to the sit-up. This is an efficient exercise to work more than one body part at a time.


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A new WYSIWYG editor is going to be put in place sometime today. This thread is for feedback and bug reports.
If reporting a bug or an issue, please include the following information:
1) The URL of the page where you have the issue
2) A detailed description of the issue
3) Details about what exactly on the page is causing the issue (photo, lists, combinations of photos and lists) and information to easily find and identify these problematic elements.
4) Browser and Operating System that you're using
Brief article about the editor can be found here:
http://www.summitpost.org/new-editor-sp ... ial/837538
Screencasts showing the use of the new editor here (no audio - best viewed in HD):
#1: http://www.screenr.com/Ay47
#2: http://www.screenr.com/Ey47
#3: http://www.screenr.com/ay47


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Harddrive with a Trackpad Concept
So we've got a concept here, and it's branded LaCie, but that's almost certainly just added in post-production by the designer André Silva. This is what he calls LaCie Float, a harddrive whose bulk not only appears to float above the ground because of its slightly smaller glass base, but has a strange feature on top of that, too. The entire top panel of this HDD (there's an SSD version too) is a trackpad. You know what that means?


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Newbies, Post in Welcome Central to open up the boards
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I never knew this, but my Aunt told me my grandmother died hating God because a preacher told her at my cousins funeral that he was in Hell for committing suicide. My Aunt said that she tried to bring up God again when she was dying and she said she could never love a God who was torturing her grandchild.


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County Administrator
Current Bids & Requests For Porposal
Invitation for bid (IFB) / request for proposal (RFP) packages may be obtained from the County Adminstrator's Office.
There are no current IFB/RFP packages available at this time.
Related Resources
W-9 Form
The County Administrator is responsible for implementing policies set by the Board of County Commissioners and recommending improved management practices. The County Administrator also coordinates and maintains relations with other jurisdictions and agencies, responds to citizen inquiries, schedules public hearings, manages advisory boards and committees, developes and balances the annual budget, and oversees the day-to-day operations of the county.
As San Juan County is very small, this position is the extent of the County's Administrative staff.
Quick Facts
County Courthouse
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Office Hours 8pm-4pm Mon-Fri
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Tags electro, electronic, dance, clubbing, techno
Artists The Knife, Walter Meego, Felix da Housecat
March 17, 2011
Featuring songs by The Knife, Walter Meego, Lesbians on ecstasy, etc
You're very welcome! I'm glad you like them:-) I will make more<3
More mixtapes from you, please! =) I've discovered a whole lot of artists 'coz of your mixes. ♥ Thank you.
Stuff I'm Listening To by talktolabomb
Just a Random Mix of new and old stuff.
alternative rock, indie rock
Songs For A Crush by talktolabomb
A mix for a crush.
indie rock, rock, soul, crush, valentine's day
Just A Tiny Little Mix by talktolabomb
Nine tracks including music by Girl in a Coma, Phantogram, and Warpaint.
What I'm Listening To Now by talktolabomb
A bunch of jumbled up genres.
indie rock, rock, post-punk, soul


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Video:What Is Globalization?with Milo De Prieto
Globalization is a media buzzword today, but what does it really mean? Get an introductory summary of globalization, its pros and cons, and elements for further thought in this video from About.com.See Transcript
Transcript:What Is Globalization?
Hello I'm Milo for About dot com and today we are talking about globalization.
What is Globalization?
Globalization is a word that we hear constantly nowadays. It can be defined as the trend in the financial markets and businesses to expand beyond national and territorial borders and boundaries. It is a process through which the financial markets, societies and cultures have become interdependent and tend to merge, blurring the boundaries between the local, national, and international.
It is a dynamic process primarily led by multi-national businesses and organizations. It can also be viewed as the freedom of movement for goods, services, and people across borders. It is a phenomenon caused by the latest developments in mass communication and the technologies that have been developed and continue to be developed to support this new and instant way of communicating between people and organizations.
The increased ease of mobility has also greatly contributed to this unstoppable trend.There seems to be a disagreement on whether economic globalization is or not an irreversible current. What is certain is that this trend has substantial effects on the world's economies.
Pros and Cons of Economic Globalization
The Pros of globalization include:
- Global competition keeps prices low so inflation is less likely to occur
- An open economy can encourage innovation as people can exchange ideas freely and instantaneously
- There are more varied and international goods available for consumption everywhere.
On the negative side:
- Small businesses have difficulty surviving in an unregulated market and usually get eaten up by larger competitors
- As economies become interdependent, a crush in a country's economy will affect other countries in a negative way.
Basic Aspects of Globalization
To sum up we must understand that there are some basic aspects to globalization:
- Internet allows us to be global in the way we exchange information
- We are more mobile than ever, travel has become less expensive and people move all over the place and get to see and experience different cultures
- Environmental problems affect us all, issues such as air pollution, acid rain, and climate go beyond national borders
- Our economy is increasingly global as a result of mass communication and mass transportation.
For more excellent and helpful information on practically anything, check us out at About.com.


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For awhile there it looked like this would be the day the Buffalo Bills won a game in Gillette Stadium; the day they finally put an end to their losing streak in this New England "House of Horrors" that opened a decade ago and has never hosted a Bills victory.
But with 23 seconds left and Ryan Fitzpatrick looking to put the finishing touches on a riveting come-from-behind, season-saving one-point victory against the AFC East team that has owned them, heartbreak history repeated itself.
Bills rookie wide receiver T.J. Graham ran his pattern too deep and Fitz threw it to where Graham was supposed to be and Patriots cornerback Devin McCourty cradled the interception in the end zone to preserve a 37-31 victory against a Buffalo team that has lost five of its last six games and 11 games in their last 11 tries in Foxboro.
"After all the talk I gave about finishing, we couldn't finish,'' Bills coach Chan Gailey lamented afterward. "We had the opportunity and we couldn't finish. There were a lot of ups and downs and good and bad in that ballgame, but that was the bottom line."
It was a bitter ending to Fitzpatrick's finest game of the season. Up until that point, he had done a good job of silencing me and his growing army of critics. He completed 27-of-40 passes for 337 yards and two scores, and did a masterful job of distributing the ball to wide receivers Stevie Johnson and Donald Jones, tight end Scott Chandler (who actually out-played Super Patriot Rob Gronkowski) and running backs C.J. Spiller and Fred Jackson. Not only was Fitz on-target with most of his passes - including a number that actually were thrown at least 20 yards downfield - he also displayed solid leadership skills and plenty of moxie, as the Bills overcame three turnovers and a spate of costly penalties to generate 481 yards of offense and a franchise-record 35 first downs.
But in the end it was the same old, same old. And now the Bills are 3-6 and in desperation mode with regards to making the playoffs.
"It's very disappointing,'' Fitzpatrick said after failing to steal a victory that would have made Buffalo 4-5 and the Patriots 5-4. "If we would have been able to win that game we would have been able to turn the season around."
Although it came down to one play, Fitz's pick was just one of several Bills errors they couldn't overcome. Earlier in the game, he had a fumble that the Patriots cashed in for seven points. Jackson also fumbled twice, one of them coming in the fourth quarter at the New England one-yard line, costing Buffalo a golden opportunity to cut the deficit to three points. The Bills also killed themselves with 14 penalties for 148 yards, just 10 shy of the franchise record for most penalty yardage in a single game.
"We've got to play extremely well to win - and we're not there yet,'' Gailey said. "We can't turn it over three times and win ballgames most of the time."
No they can't. Especially not against a team with Tom Brady at quarterback. After yielding 24 first-half points, the Bills defense actually stiffened up a bit in the second half, giving Buffalo a chance to win. Brady had solid stats - 23-of-38 for 237 yards and two scores - but this wasn't like some previous games in the series when he eviscerated the Bills. Marcell Dareus batted down two of Tom Terrific's passes and Kyle Williams also pressured him on several occasions. Unfortunately, after a solid game last Sunday in Houston, Mario Williams pretty much disappeared again. Patriots tackle Sebastian Vollmer is hardly a Pro Bowl candidate, but he plays like one against Super Mario.
Despite the prolific offensive output, I still want to see the Bills get Spiller more touches. He had nine rushes for 70 yards and caught four passes for 61 yards. Jackson also had productive stats (80 yards on 16 carries and two touchdowns and four receptions for 35 yards), but his fumble at the one, along with another fumble later that the Bills recovered, are disturbing. The bottom line is that Spiller has emerged as the most dynamic weapon in Buffalo's arsenal, and needs to be showcased even more.
If you look at the replay of Fitz's fatal interception, you'll notice that Spiller is wide open underneath. I'm thinking that rather than forcing the ball to a rookie who hasn't exactly set the world on fire, I'd take my chances dumping it off to Spiller and let him work his magic. Even if he's tackled inbounds, you have enough time to spike the ball and take another shot into the end zone.
At 3-6 the Bills are still alive for a playoff berth in the mediocre AFC. But they have little margin for error the rest of the way. Gailey was quick to point out that the Giants won it all after being 7-7 heading into the final two weeks of the season. What he failed to point out is that the Giants have a future Hall of Famer and one of the game's greatest clutch players in quarterback Eli Manning. But we understand where he's going with this.
"If we could have won this game it would have made our goal easier, but (losing) makes our goal harder," he said. "I think we'll get there (the playoffs). I know I'm in the minority. But, thank goodness, I've got a group of guys in there that think the same thing."
It most likely will take six wins in their final seven games. I definitely believe they will win Thursday night's home game against a Miami Dolphins team that was pummeled, 37-3, by Tennessee. That will be followed by a difficult road game against precocious Andrew Luck and his surprising Indianapolis Colts. Then, it's two winnable home games against Jacksonville and St. Louis. I'd feel much better about the Seattle Seahawks game if it were outdoors in Buffalo instead of indoors in Toronto. The last two games will be at Miami on Dec. 23 and home against the Jets on Dec. 30.
So, I guess it's possible. I just don't believe it's likely, given the inconsistency of this football team, particularly the failure of the defense to blossom into a dominating unit.
OFFENSE: They played almost well enough to win with 481 yards, 35 first downs and 31 points. But the turnovers were killers, as were the penalties. Spiller and Jackson produced 150 yards rushing and 96 receiving, but Fred's fumble was costly. Fitz was more accurate than he's been most of the season, and it was good to see him utilize Scott Chandler and Donald Jones. Grade: B.
DEFENSE: They did a decent job against future Hall-of-Famer Brady and the league's top-scoring offense, yielding a respectable 347 yards. They even forced a three-and-out series - that's only the eighth time that's happened to the Patriots this year. And they held Gronkowski to just three receptions and a score. But dropped interceptions by Bryan Scott and Leodis McKelvin, and three costly penalties vs. rookie cornerback Stephon Gilmore were ultimately as damaging as the turnovers committed by the Bills. Grade: C.
SPECIAL TEAMS: Non-descript performance for the most part. Only big negative was a penalty on punt coverage in the middle of the third quarter that gave New England the ball on the Bills 39. The Pats took advantage of the great field position, scoring just four plays later. Grade: C.
COACHING: I thought Gailey had his team ready and did a good job of calling plays on offense. But the penalties were killers and he still needs to get Spiller more touches. C.J. is an electrifying, game-changing performer. Grade: B-minus
OVERALL: Yes, the Bills still have a slim chance of making the playoffs, but it's probably going to take six wins in the final seven. It has to start with a victory at home Thursday against a Dolphins team that appeared to be on the upswing until being trounced Sunday by Tennessee. Grade: B-minus.
Nationally honored columnist and best-selling author Scott Pitoniak has followed the Bills since the late 1960s, covered them since the mid-1980s and written five books about their storied history.
Copyright 2013 Nexstar Broadcasting, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Hi everybody! Today was almost a perfect day on food, but I missed that at the end when I just kept scooping out more ice cream into my bowl to make it a full cup instead of the ½ cup I was meaning to get. :blush: I bought Nestle Drumsticks last week, which are delicious, but they're also like 10 Points+ a piece! Holy hell! Anyway, I'll give you the grocery haul in a few minutes. I had some extra items on there, so the money went fast, but I think I did okay.
I got a new shedding comb I ordered for the dogs in the mail today, which to my delight (and the dogs' dislike) works fantastic. The problem is depending on the angle you use it at, it can really yank the undercoat out, so it has the potential to be very uncomfortable for them if you're not careful. One of our dogs is a German Shepherd, and she spends most of Summer covered in tufts of loose hair, which she leaves on everything she touches. I spent about ten minutes working on her with the new comb, and you could see a noticeable difference in her coat right away. This is the comb I bought- she has several more available and they're not terribly expensive and definitely worth the cost. Sashi did not like the new comb at all, but it literally took two years for her to decide the old brush was okay and to stop freaking out.
The first thing I did today upon getting up though was get dressed and head to the store after verifying my bank balances and making the final payment on my balance in my CareCredit account. Here's the grocery haul. 😉
Dairy $11.09
- Dairy Fresh Cottage Cheese (2 x $2.38) $4.76
- Hy-Top Shredded Mozzarella $1.85
- Dreyers Slow Churned Peanut Butter Cup Ice Cream $3.48
- Yoplait Yogurt (2 x $0.50) $1.00
Miscellaneous $8.67
- Hy-Top Apple Cider Vinegar (1 Gallon) $3.14
- Arm & Hammer Baking Soda (3 lbs) $2.94
- Vegetable Oil $2.59
Fruits & Veggies $8.42
- Gala Apples (2.25 lbs @ $1.27/lb) $2.86
- Cucumbers (2 @ $0.48) $0.96
- Bananas (2.15 lbs @ $0.52/lb) $1.12
- Tomatoes (1.26 lbs @ $1.28/lb) $1.61
- Pace Salsa $1.87
Carbs $7.46
- Nutrigrain Bars $2.50
- Pillsbury Pizza Crust $2.38
- Crispix $2.58
Frozen Foods $2.00
- Banquet Meals (2 x $1.00) $2.00
Meats $1.98
- Armor Pepperoni $1.98
Total Haul $39.62
You're probably looking at my list and wondering what the hell anyone needs a gallon of apple cider vinegar and 3 pounds of baking soda for. Mattie and I use it to keep our hair clean instead of shampoo and condition. For the cost of one bottle of shampoo, we can take care of our hair for about 3 to 4 months, which is a lot longer than that bottle of shampoo would last. It seems like our hair grows faster now, though it does tangle a bit more, but our scalps are healthier too. June 1st was my 1 year anniversary for going shampoo-free, and Mattie is only a few months behind me.
What else did I do today? I did some beading, sewed two buttons on clothes (Richard's shirt and Mattie's pajama pants), vacuumed, brushed the dogs, and almost mailed out a package but when I got to the post office I realized 1) I'd have to make a huge detour to get in there because of road construction, and 2) I had forgotten to secure the envelope mailed with packing tape. I also went to Target and tried on a pair of size 12 shorts, which while they fastened, it was not pretty. We're talking muffin top & camel toe- yuck! :sick:
I don't have anything else for you today, so here's the food diary.
|Cottage Cheese (1 Cup)
|Chicken Ceasar Salad
|Banana (1)
|Dreyer's Slow Churned Peanut Butter Cup (1 Cup)
|Food Totals
And now its time for me to get ready for bed, so see you all tomorrow!


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BAKERSFIELD, Calif. - Bakersfield Police officers arrested a man Tuesday who they say disabled his ankle monitor.
Tuesday afternoon BPD released information about parolee and registered sex offender, Raymond Earl McClinton, who removed or disabled his GPS tracking ankle monitor.
READ | BPD: Parolee, sex offender disabled ankle monitor: http://bit.ly/1gDgF7e
Cris Ornelas, multimedia journalist of 23ABC, saw a man matching McClinton's description at a bus stop. Ornelas called police who made contact with the man and arrested him.