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More New and Used
from Private Sellers
Investing in Hedge Funds : A Guide to Measuring Risk and Return Characteristicsby Bali, Turan; Atilgan, Yigit; Demirtas, Ozgur
Academic Pr
Questions About This Book?
Why should I rent this book?
Renting is easy, fast, and cheap! Renting from eCampus.com can save you hundreds of dollars compared to the cost of new or used books each semester. At the end of the semester, simply ship the book back to us with a free UPS shipping label! No need to worry about selling it back.
How do rental returns work?
Returning books is as easy as possible. As your rental due date approaches, we will email you several courtesy reminders. When you are ready to return, you can print a free UPS shipping label from our website at any time. Then, just return the book to your UPS driver or any staffed UPS location. You can even use the same box we shipped it in!
What version or edition is this?
This is the edition with a publication date of 7/5/2013.
What is included with this book?
- The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any CDs, lab manuals, study guides, etc.
- The Rental copy of this book is not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. You may receive a brand new copy, but typically, only the book itself.
- The eBook copy of this book is not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. Typically only the book itself is included.
This book will present a comprehensive view of the risk characteristics, risk-adjusted performances, and risk exposures of various hedge fund indices. It will distinguish itself from other books and journal articles by focusing solely on hedge fund indices and emphasizing tail risk as a predictor of hedge fund index returns. The three chapters in this short book have not been previously published. Presents new insights about the investability and performance measurement of an investor's final portfolio Uses most recently developed investable hedge fund indexes to revise previous analyses of indexes Focuses on 14 distinct types of hedge fund indices with daily data from January 1994 to December 2011

subset: commoncrawl


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Heifer's Work in Rwanda
State of the African FarmerThe State of the African Farmer report has been produced as a contribution to the great debate on agriculture and food security in Africa. It is a compilation of views and voices of farmers, practitioners, policymakers and academics across Africa and beyond, each speaking from the heart and sharing their experience.
Country Overview
In 1959, three years before independence from Belgium, the Hutus, the majority ethnic group, overthrew the ruling Tutsi king. Over the next several years, thousands of Tutsis were killed, and some 150,000 were driven into exile into neighboring countries. The children of these exiles later formed a rebel group, the Rwandan Patriotic Front and began a civil war in 1990. The war, along with several political and economic upheavals, exacerbated ethnic tensions culminating in April 1994 with the genocide of roughly 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus.
Tutsi rebels defeated the Hutu regime and ended the killing in July 1994, but approximately 2 million Hutu refugees – many fearing Tutsi retribution – fled to neighboring Burundi, Tanzania, Uganda and Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire).
Despite substantial international assistance and political reforms including Rwanda's first local elections in March 1999, the country continues to struggle to boost investment and agricultural output and to foster reconciliation.
Since then, most of the refugees have returned to Rwanda. Despite substantial international assistance and political reforms – including Rwanda's first local elections in March 1999 – the country continues to struggle to boost investment and agricultural output and to foster reconciliation.
Historically, the primary economic activities in Rwanda have been agriculture and livestock management.
Heifer Rwanda
Heifer International Rwanda was established in 2000 with a grant from USAID working in collaboration with the Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources. Program implementation did not begin until May 2001 due to an outbreak of foot and mouth disease, suspending work with livestock until the outbreak was cleared. During this period, farmers were being trained in sustainable agricultural practices, which included the zero grazing system of farming, terracing of hillsides and planting of fodder trees for animal feeds and nitrogen fixation to improve soil fertility.
Currently, Heifer Rwanda is implementing International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) and African Development Bank funded projects through collaboration with the Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources. Heifer Rwanda is also working with Partners In Health (PIH) where Heifer Rwanda distributes goats and training, while PIH provides medical treatment for those suffering with HIV/AIDS and TB to project participant families.


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Resolve to make a fresh start!
While January 1 marks the start of a new calendar year, for those in school foodservice, it's really the middle of the year. With somewhere around five months down and as many to go, the strains of "Auld Lang Syne" indicate we're halfway through classroom days for this session.
That doesn't mean the calendar new year can't offer a fresh start for school foodservice, too. Given the new federal nutrition guidelines, plenty of systems across the country have resolved to make a fresh start by offering farm-to-table produce and other source-to-students foods. Meanwhile, the start of a new calendar and the winter break offers an opportunity to get a fresh start by giving the cafeteria a thorough cleaning.
How ever you make your fresh start for 2013, we wish you much health and happiness in the coming year!
KaTom Restaurant Supply Inc.
Of Special Interest...
As the clock strikes 12 and begins to ring in the new year, revelers in Spain eat twelve grapes, one for each chime. The tradition dates back to 1909, when grape growers encouraged the move to help reduce a surplus of the berries. Since then, the practice has spread from Spain to neighboring Portugal, as well as the two countries' former colonies. In most places, participants aim to swallow the fruit before the last chime rings out, with each grape corresponding with that month. For instance, if your sixth grape is sour, get ready for a bumpy June. If your first grape has a giant seed in it that you were unaware of, get ready for dental work in January.
We all know there are traditional New Year's foods, ones that are supposed to bring you health, happiness, and prosperity in the coming months, but did you know there are also foods that are taboo on Jan. 1? For instance, folks in some cultures avoid foods like lobster and chicken on New Year's Day because they move backwards, something you don't want to do in the year just dawned.
There's an old saw in Germany that dictates one should leave a little of each food on his or her plate on Jan. 1, while in the Philippines the custom is to have food set out on the table at midnight. In each case, following the practice is said to guarantee a stocked pantry in the coming year.
Making the grade with Bakers Pride in school foodservice
Baker's Pride is offering an extended warranty for school foodservice operations on all BCO and GDCO Series Convection Ovens. BCO Series ovens come with a 2 year parts & labor warranty, while the GDCO Series ovens come with a 3 year parts & labor warranty. These ovens can do it all.
We've got some great New Year's recipes for you
Being that KaTom is based in the South, many of our employees adhere to southern traditions when it comes to what they eat on New Year's Day. That means menus of pork (to ensure moving forward in the new year), black-eyed peas (for luck), greens (symbolizing money), and sweet corn muffins, with or without a coin baked into the batch. Based on those time-honored dishes, we offer a slightly modified version of a recipe that appeared several years ago in the "American Profile" newspaper insert and an updated hoppin' john recipe from the folks at Epicurious. We like these recipes not only because they should be a lucky way to start the year, but also because they're healthy and can easily be scaled-up for school foodservice use.


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MMA News
UFC NEWS – QuickTwitt: Ludwig To Be Awarded Fastest KO In UFC History (Finally)
In 2006 timekeepers dropped the ball and stopped the clock six-seconds slow when Duane Ludwig knocked out Jonathan Goulet.
In what should have been recorded as a four-second knockout, Nevada officials officially recorded the bout ending at the ten-second mark.
Currently the official fastest knockout in UFC history is tied down at just seven-seconds, however many have been lobbying for Duane Ludwig to get recognized for this performance from 2006 and acknowledged as the fighter with the true fastest knockout in UFC history.
According to a Dana White twitter posting this past weekend as featured above, he is finally going to do what is right and work on getting Duane his just dues.
If you have never seen the fight or the four-second knockout check the GIF below to see for yourself. Ludwig is the rightful owner of the UFC's fastest knockout in history.
Click here for the latest UFC coverage provided by BJPENN.COM
7 Responses to "UFC NEWS – QuickTwitt: Ludwig To Be Awarded Fastest KO In UFC History (Finally)"
dana said last ufc that he would look into this,,,and he is the man he got it done .
Took the words out of my mouth. Props to the guy for doing his job pretty f**king well
Finally is right haha
Heath Herring have the fastest ko
in ufc history! not mma history u mother
LOL at Stone Cold's statement.
hahah IM NOT GAY !!
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Students and Benefits
Full-time Students and Means-tested Benefits
Most full-time students cannot claim means-tested benefits either during term-time or during the summer vacation. These include Jobseekers Allowance (JSA), Income Support (IS), Income-related Employment and Support Allowance (ESA) and Housing Benefit (HB)
You are treated as a full-time student until the day you complete, abandon or are dismissed from your course. In the final year of your course, you are still considered a student until the last day of the academic year even if you stop attending before this date.
There are some students who will have an underlying entitlement to benefits and tax credits throughout the academic year and/or over the summer vacation.
Student couple with Dependent Children
If you pay rent, you will be able to claim Housing Benefit throughout the year. Your student loan will be taken into account over the academic year so you may only be entitled to a limited amount of housing benefit. You should make sure that your entitlement is re-assessed for the summer vacation. This starts the last full benefit week in June.
One of you will also be able to claim JSA over the summer months as long as you meet the eligibility criteria, i.e you are actively seeking work. You can start a claim from the last full benefit week in June.
Single Parent
If you pay rent, you will be able to claim Housing Benefit throughout the year. You could also claim Income Support if you have a child under 5, however, most of your maintenance loan will be treated as income and you will probably be over the threshold, The maintenance loan is not taken into account over the summer vacation so you should ask to re-assessed for Income Support and Housing Benefit from the end of June. If your child is over 5 and you are in receipt of Child Benefit and Child Tax Credit, you can claim JSA during the summer months as long as you are actively seeking work.
Students with Disabilities
In order to claim benefits as a full-time student with disabilities, you would need to be in receipt of Disability Living Allowance (DLA) or Personal Independence Payment (PIP). If you are in receipt of DLA or PIP you will be able to claim Housing Benefit and Income-related Employment and Support Allowance throughout the year. Your Maintenance Loan will be taken into account as income and this may reduce the amount of ESA and Housing Benefit that you are entitled to. Full-time students in receipt of DLA are exempt from the Work Capability Assessment.
During the summer vacation, your Maintenance Loan is not taken into account as income so you should ask to be re-assessed for ESA and Housing Benefit.
Income for benefit purposes:
The Childcare Allowance, Parents Learning Allowance and Special Support Grant are completely disregarded for benefits purposes.
Other student income will be treated as income when assessing your entitlement to means tested benefits. There is a disregard of £693 per year for travel, books and equipment and a further £10 a week is also disregarded. Your student income is calculated over 43 weeks for benefits purposes.
Tax Credits
Child Tax Credit
You can claim Child Tax Credit if you are responsible for at least one child (or young person). You do not have to be working to make a claim and you can receive Child Tax Credits throughout the year. Taxable income is taken into consideration when assessing you for Child Tax Credits. As your student income is not taxable (except the Adult Dependants Grant), your entitlement should not be affected by your student status.
Working Tax Credit
Students who are responsible for a child or young person can claim Working Tax Credit if they are aged 16 or over and work at least 16 (or in some cases 24) hours a week.
Students without children can claim Working Tax Credit if:
- They are aged 25 or over and work at least 30 hours a week, or
- They are aged 16 or over and work at least 16 hours a week and have a disability, or
- They or their partner are aged 50 or more and work at least 16 hours a week and are returning to work after time spent on qualifying out-of-work benefits.
Maternity Benefits
The rules surrounding eligibility to maternity benefits can be complicated and usually depend on the number of weeks that you have worked during a defined period. For in depth information about these benefits, please refer to the Money Advice Service website


text: One of James Dean's guests falls asleep at the table as he hosts the third dinner party in Dorset. Despite knowing Clive hates seafood, he serves up two fish courses before learning it is not to Claudette's taste either. It looks as if it will take more than a house in Sandbanks, Poole, to impress these visitors.


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News Posts
Showing blog posts tagged with "Birds"
Which Came First: The Bird or the Bird Brain?
by AMNH on
New research led by the American Museum of Natural History provides evidence that dinosaurs evolved the brainpower necessary for flight well before they actually took to the air as birds.
Pelican Island at 110 Years
by AMNH on
On March 14, 1903, President Theodore Roosevelt issued an executive order setting aside Pelican Island, Florida, as the very first national wildlife refuge. Today, it remains an essential breeding ground for migratory waterfowl—and one of 561 wildlife refuges overseen by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Daniel M. Ashe, director of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, recently discussed what Pelican Island is like today.
Stray Hummingbird Stays Till Spring
by AMNH on
When a stray Rufous Hummingbird from the West came to the Museum in early December, no one thought she'd stay through snow, wind, and below-freezing nights—let alone until spring.
Still in the bushes on the equinox, this "vagrant," the official term for migrators outside their range, is the first stray hummingbird in recent memory to overwinter in New York. En route to her wintering grounds in Mexico, she likely miscalculated the angle of her flight path south, landing her in the Museum's shrubs outside the 81st Street entrance.
Central Park Bird Walks Begin in April
by AMNH on
Central Park hosts great birds in every season, but springtime offers the most dazzling avian sights and sounds as migrants from the tropics return to their breeding grounds in the north. The Museum's series of morning and lunchtime bird walks, each led by an expert, begin in early April and are scheduled to coincide with this migration, as warblers, vireos, tanagers, flycatchers, grosbeaks, thrushes, and others make their way to their summer homes.
Curious Collections: Identifying a Rare Bird
by AMNH on
Ornithologists generally discover new species by collecting them in the wild. But early in the 20th century, Museum ornithologist James P. Chapin found one on a hat.
In 1913, Chapin, while serving as an assistant to German taxidermist and photographer Herbert Lang on what would become known as the Lang-Chapin Expedition to the Belgian Congo, came upon a native of the Ituri forest wearing a headdress with a distinctive feather. To the young naturalist, it suggested a pheasant or peacock, a strange possibility since these birds were native to Asia. Curious, he took it.


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Goldsmith: A couple's holiday celebration
Most couples enjoy the winter holidays, but do we really celebrate them?
Getting into the habit of celebrating will add energy to your relationship and provide you with a deeper sensation of what your love is all about.
When the love you feel makes you want to dance like nobody's watching, you have cause to celebrate, and the holidays make that feeling just a little more special. This feeling is rare and having it in your heart is quite an amazing gift. It makes you want to wrap your arms around your love instead of wrapping presents. Yes, this is love and it should be celebrated as much as any holiday.
The more you are able to acknowledge the good things in your life, the stronger they become, which leads to greater happiness in your relationship and beyond. Making a ritual out of celebrating the holidays can also help you deal with life when things get difficult. Your current difficulties become easier when you have a memory bank filled with good things that have happened. Those happy celebrations are now cemented in your mind and heart.
Having a celebratory attitude means that you look for the positive, and when you find it, you say something positive about it to your partner so that you can smile together. It's that simple and it will change the way you think and feel.
Creating a holiday celebration can seem like a daunting task for some people. But the beauty of celebration is that you can do it however you like. Celebrating the holidays can take many forms. From a candlelit dinner to attending a religious service to Santa coming through the chimney, the ways you can celebrate are endless. The important thing here is that the holidays should be celebrated in a way that honors both the holiday and your relationships.
Throwing a party is one way to celebrate. Simply telling your partner how much you love him or her is another. Remember that small things can go a long way. How would it make you feel to get a small gift that celebrated your love in a big way? A friend of mine once joked that small and cheap is good, but small and expensive is even better.
As adults, of course, we all know that it can't be about the gifts. After all, gift giving can sometimes be tricky. Suppose you get something you don't really like. If that experience triggers something in you, however, please take a look at your reaction and keep yourself in check. This is something most of us have dealt with. The best thing to do is to say "Thank you for thinking of me" and leave it at that. Avoid harboring resentments, for such feelings will taint your experience.
Keeping this attitude at the top of your mind creates a pattern for the rest of your relationship. Holiday celebrations are a great way to feel the love in your life, and celebrations are a great way to increase the level of satisfaction with your relationship. Happy holidays.
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Welcome to my website! I hope you will find inspiration, hope and healing here! I have devoted my career and my life to helping others, and I hope in the words, articles, interviews and links provided here, you will find help for yourself too. What I know to be true is that healing from sexual victimization, no matter what age it started or ended, is absolutely possible and achievable!
Howard Fradkin, Ph.D., LICDC has counseled over 2000 male survivors in individual, couples, group psychotherapy and weekend workshops over the course of his 31-year career as a Psychologist. As Co-Chairperson of the MaleSurvivor Weekends of Recovery, (www.malesurvivor.org) Howard has directed over 45 Weekends of Recovery since 2001 for over 1000 men. Dr. Fradkin has also trained over 2500 professional colleagues on the topic of male survivors of sexual abuse. Dr. Fradkin's first book, Joining Forces: Empowering Male Survivors to Thrive, was published by Hay House in November, 2012.
In November, 2010, Dr. Fradkin was invited and honored to speak as an expert on Oprah's historic two shows featuring 200 male survivors gathered together to offer hope and inspiration for the millions of survivors around the world.
Dr. Fradkin founded Affirmations: A Center for Psychotherapy and Growth, in Columbus, OH in 1984, where he provides psychotherapy in the areas of trauma recovery for men and women survivors, those struggling with depression and anxiety, alcoholism, drug addiction and sex addiction, sexual orientation confusion and acceptance, people with HIV and AIDS, and group psychotherapy. He currently serves as Partner Emeritus.
You can reach me at my office, 614-445-8277, ext. 11 or by email at firstname.lastname@example.com
TWEET ME AT @drhfradkin
FACEBOOK: become a subscriber :Howard Fradkin
Please contact me at the above phone numbers.


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Bears release first depth chart
Posted in News and Rumors on August 12, 2009 at 11:40 am by
The Bears released their first unofficial depth chart of the preseason Wednesday. In an example of how unofficial it is, they've listed co-starters at five different positions. Check out the depth chart here at ChicagoBears.com.


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Industrial Revolution
Maria Cook and Lance Compa were only looking to kill a sleepy Sunday afternoon when they drove 20 minutes south of their home in Ithaca, New York, to see a house that a real estate circular had...written by: William Lambphotos by: Adam Friedberg01.15.09
Lost and Foundation
Tony and Rachel Sherman were simply trying to buy a house, but what they found instead was a foundation—a discovery that transformed them from home buyers to home builders virtually overnight.written by: Sydney LeBlancphotos by: Noah Webb01.15.09
A House Grows in Brooklyn
While most people living in the Fort Greene neighborhood of Brooklyn didn't see much to love about an abandoned, weedy lot squeezed between two old town houses, one couple couldn't help...written by: Tim McKeoughphotos by: Dean Kaufman01.18.09
Escape From New York
It was no exodus, of course, but when Kathleen Triem quit her job at a Manhattan design firm in July 1996, her associates were thunderstruck. Triem had decided to practice architecture in the more...written by: Eric Lawlorphotos by: Barbel Miebach01.16.09
Suburban Flight
It's become an all-too-familiar scenario all across America: A city's downtown, once a thriving place to live and work, has slowly withered and become decrepit.written by: Amara Holsteinphotos by: Juliana Sohn01.16.09
Top Notch
Tom Hanks is not known for horror films, but his 1986 flop, The Money Pit, has a terrifying premise: A seemingly small renovation consumes a couple's life, devouring their reserves of time,...written by: Reyhan Harmanciphotos by: Doug Adesko01.15.09
Modern Victorian House Preservation in Oakland
Mike McDonald, an Oakland, California–based builder, faced a common problem for Bay Area homeowners: an aesthetically pleasing, historically significant, but structurally shaky Victorian.written by: Aaron Brittphotos by: Jason Madara01.15.09
Houses of the Holy
For men of the cloth, architecture has always been one earthly delight they've been encouraged to indulge. In Arizona, DeBartolo Architects continues the tradition in a rather unorthodox manner.written by: David Proffittphotos by: Bill Timmerman09.11.09
Minimalist Bachelor Pad in Brisbane
Londoner Dave Clayden has gradually adjusted to life in the subtropics, where, as he puts it, "toweling yourself down after a shower is enough to make you start sweating again." He no longer...written by: Karen Pakulaphotos by: Richard Powers01.15.09
Pedigree Charted
With an extended family apt to drop by at a moment's notice, lifelong modernist Hannah Ferguson has a new home that's all about heritage.written by: David Hayphotos by: Amanda Prior06.17.09
Built-In Style
In Oakland, California, two designers transformed a 100-year-old barn into a (very) cozy home of their own by redefining the functionality of walls and windowsills.written by: Miyoko Ohtakephotos by: Aya Brackett05.13.09
Universal Appeal
When David Carmel decided to propose to Kirsten Axelsen, he was at home in Manhattan and she was in Ethiopia, working to eliminate trachoma (the world's leading cause of preventable blindness). No...written by: Fred A. Bernsteinphotos by: Raimund Koch01.15.09
Twice as Nice
Within the mix of warehouses, detached brick bungalows, and dusty pubs of the Sydney, Australia, suburb of Alexandria, local architect David Langston-Jones has built an intricate and finely...written by: Marcus Trimblephotos by: Nick Bowers01.14.09
Oakland Aesthetics
Perfectly content in San Francisco, the Pfeiffers couldn't help falling in love with a charming mid-century house, across the Bay in Oakland, with stunning views, plenty of trees, and a murky past.written by: Aaron Brittphotos by: Mark Seelen03.16.09
Rock the Boat
New Zealand architect Davor Popadich invoked nautical sheds in his unconventional design for his family's home on Auckland's North Shore.written by: Jeremy Hansenphotos by: Simon Devitt02.05.12
Cinematic Retreat
When separating the haves from the have-nots, owners of summer homes tend to reside enviably in the former category. Indeed, a select few seem to have no problem whatsoever turning the word "summer...written by: Heather Bradleyphotos by: Erik Zappon01.16.09
Designer Jaime Hayon's Renovated Home in Spain
The internationally acclaimed designer Jaime Hayon takes us on a personal tour of his newly renovated home in Valencia, Spain, offering decorating tips along the way.written by: Zahid Sardarphotos by: Nienke Klunder05.23.12
Singapore Fling
In December 2007, Nicolette de Waart, her husband, Joost Dop, and their four children moved from Heemstede, the Netherlands, to Singapore. While Dop began his new job, De Waart set out to find...written by: Miyoko Ohtakephotos by: Jasper James06.02.10
Bringing It All Back Home
Relying on local materials, local craftsmen, and the land her family has farmed for over two centuries, a New Yorker rediscovers her Midwestern roots.written by: William Lambphotos by: Kyoko Hamada02.08.10
Time Is on My Site
In Galileo's day, men counted their pulses to tell time. In 2 A.D., Ptolemy, who understood more about the movements of the sun and the earth than most of us do today, designed a tool called...written by: Shonquis Morenophotos by: Prakash Patel01.16.09
Diamond in the Rough (and Ready)
Architect Ken Meffan's ten-years-in-the-making home is in the tiny Northern California town of Rough and Ready—a term that might as aptly refer to the house itself.written by: David A. Greenephotos by: Todd Hido09.21.09
Abiquiu Debut
Abiquiu, New Mexico, owes this rugged new house to a plucky pair of residents, two talented architects and one long-sighted and very gracious loan officer.written by: Chelsea Holden Bakerphotos by: João Canziani01.14.09
Lucky's Break
With a very limited budget and no construction experience, Lucky and Kim Diaz overhauled a wreck of a house into a sweet, 1,100-square-foot Los Angeles home with just $55,000 and a whole lot of...written by: Amara Holsteinphotos by: João Canziani01.14.09
Welcome to the Jungle
In Central America, Spanish colonial architecture prevails. But the creeping tide of modernism—represented here by the home of architect José Roberto Paredes—is signaling that...written by: Sonja Hallphotos by: Paco Perez04.14.09
Bay Wash
With a presence in three centuries, Christi Azevedo's Victorian survived the quake of 1906 and served as a laundry before its rebirth as a well-lit hybrid of old and new.written by: Deborah Bishopphotos by: Dave Lauridsen01.14.09


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Event Calendar
Choose A Hotel Near Sunlife Stadium
South Florida is where everything happens. Check back regularly to get the most up to date events and happenings in our backyard.
South Beach Triathlon
South Beach Triathlon offers everything you look for in multi-sport event — amazing location, professional management, great giveaways and the best volunteers in the world! South Beach Triathlon is the perfect challenge for athletes, corporate team fundraisers, relay teams and individual age group triathletes. We look forward to hosting you to swim, bike and run through the gorgeous backdrop of South Beach, Miami. For more information on this event, click here.Back to list


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Posted at: 02/27/2013 10:54 AM
(ABC 6 News) - A 20-year-old man has admitted to masturbating in a music room at Rochester Technical and Community College.
Rochester Police were called to RCTC Tuesday just after 5 p.m. because a man was allegedly caught masturbating by campus security.
He ran away, but police found him later and say he admitted to the crime. Police say he is not a student at RCTC.
Police did not arrest him, but did cite him for indecent exposure.


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We're backing Britain
all products sold on this site are made in England
Willi Boskovsky joined the Vienna Academy of music at the age of nine. He joined the Vienna Philharmonic orchestra in 1933 and three years later he was appointed the concertmaster a post he held until 1979. He led the Boskovsky Quartet and was a founder of the Vienna Octet.
Beulah Extra is available on CD - select Beulah Extra download tracks and have them supplied on compact disc. The limit is 75 minutes of music per disc. Each disc costs GBP11.45 post free (standard mail/airmail worldwide, signed for or registered mail will be charged extra). Allow 14 days for delivery.
Watch our video that shows you how to compile your CD
Below are tracks from our library that never made it onto one of our compact discs. They can be downloaded here as high quality 320kbs AAC encoded (MP3) files.
Purchasers of tracks have unlimted personal use but must not pass or sell on to third parties nor broadcast without prior permission from PPL


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A communications system having programmable, addressable receivers that receive, store, process and send digital and conventional video, audio and control signals for use in, among other things, a cable video network. Receivers in this system may receive conventional audio and composite video and digital data signals from sources such as a satellite transponder and video and audio from local sources. The digital data may be processed into textual video data by character generation techniques, as may be other digital data received from a local keyboard, local weather sensors or other digital data communications interfaces. The receivers may be addressed in units or groups for purposes of receiving individually, locally or regionally tailored text information and are typically controlled simultaneously from one control source. The receivers may also be addressed and controlled in classes that do not correspond to such hierarchical structure. The system of the preferred embodiment is particularly well adapted for a weather cable network, since it fulfills the needs of data consumers throughout a large geographic area to have continual, current local and national weather information.
1. An addressable receiver for receiving video and digital data signals, transmitting video output signals and controlling external devices, comprising:
(a) means for processing the video and digital data signals into a first video signal available for receiver output, a synchronization signal available for receiver output, and a serial digital data stream for controlling the receiver;
(b) means for processing the digital data stream to recognize within such stream control words;
(c) means for storing digital data contained in the digital data stream;
(d) means for recognizing within the digital data stream hierarchical addresses, controlling the means for storing digital data selectively to store data in accordance with the hierarchical address preceding such data and;
(e) means for recognizing within the digital data stream non-hierarchical designator data;
(f) means for converting stored digital data into a second video signal containing characters and available for receiver output; and
(g) means responsive to the digital data stream for controlling the receiver output.
2. An addressable receiver in accordance with claim 1 further comprising means for setting a flag in the receiver to designate the receiver to be in a class of receivers, means for recognizing in the digital data stream non-hierarchical designator data for controlling the receiver output when the flag is set; and means responsive to said data for controlling the receiver outputs.
3. An addressable receiver for receiving video and digital data signals, transmitting video output signals and controlling external devices, comprising:
(a) means for processing the video and digital data signals into a first video signal available for receiver output, a synchronization signal available for receiver output and a serial digital data stream for controlling the receiver;
(b) means for processing the digital data stream to recognize within such stream control words;
(c) means for processing the digital data stream to recognize within such stream hierarchical addresses and for storing digital data addressed to said receiver in accordance with a hierarchical address contained in such data;
(d) means for processing the digital data stream to recognize within such stream non-hierarchical designator data for controlling operation of the receiver in accordance with such data;
(e) means for converting stored digital data into a second video signal containing characters, which signal is synchronized with the synchronization signal,
(f) means for receiving a third video signal;
(g) means for processing at least one of the control words into at least one command signal;
(h) means for receiving a second data signal;
(i) means for processing the second data signal into a fourth video signal containing characters;
(j) means for combining the first or third and either or both the second and fourth video signals into an output-available signal;
(k) means responsive to the control words and the designator data for controlling the receiver's output of the synchronization signal, the command signal and the output-available signal;
(l) means responsive to a flag contained in the digital data for overriding said transmitting means responsive to the control words to cause the receiver to immediately to alter its output signal; and
(m) means responsive to interruption of receipt of the signals for transmitting a predetermined video output signal.
4. An addressable receiver in accordance with claim 1 or 3 including at least one programmable device.
5. An addressable receiver according to any of claims 1, or 3 further comprising:
(a) means for receiving first audio signal, a second audio signal and a third audio signal;
(b) means for processing the audio signals into a corresponding first audio signal, second audio signal and third audio output-available signal; and
(c) means responsive to the control words and the designator data for controlling the receiver output of the output-available audio signals.
6. A communication system comprising a teletext transmitter and a plurality of addressable receivers adapted to receive teletext transmissions from the transmitter, and, responsive to hierarchical addresses and non-hierarchical designator data contained in such transmissions, process selected portions of such transmissions, in which system the hierarchical addresses define a plurality of hierarchical group levels in addition to the level comprising all the receivers and the level comprising only one receiver, such that receivers in subgroups of a hierarchical group level may be addressed by addressing that group level.
This is a continuation of co-pending application Ser. No. 155,997 filed on Feb. 16, 1988 now abandoned which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application No. 487,244 filed Apr. 21, 1983 now U.S. Pat. No. 4,725,886 for a Communications System having an Addressable Receiver. That document is incorporated herein by this reference.
This invention relates to a communications system for transmission of audio and combined video, data and control signals to remote receiving locations for retransmission under the command of the control signals.
Transmission of audio and video signals to local receiving stations for immediate use, rebroadcast or recordation for later boradcast is well-established practice, particularly in connection with distribution of television programming by various television networks. Utilization of data to generate characters which are displayed on a video screen over a single color background or another video signal background is also established practice.
However, expansion in the availability of data of both general and specific interest to various groups of data consumers and the need for a system capable of efficiently transmitting such data to specific remote locations and to control the further broadcast, display or transmission of such data at those locations have resulted in the need for audio, video and data transmission systems with associated control capabilities not previously available.
The parent of this document, U.S. patent application No. 487,244, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,725,886, filed Apr. 21, 1983 for a Communications System having an Addressable Receiver, discloses and claims communications systems utilizing a novel hardware and software configuration simultaneously to transmit conventional video and audio program material together with data and control commands within the constraints of conventional television signal specifications to remote signal processors or receivers within the system which receive the entire transmission and process it in a predetermined manner such that the data and the conventional video and audio signals may be utilized at the remote receivers, under network control, particularly for broadcast on local cable television systems.
These systems transmit, typically utilizing a satellite transponder, a first conventional video and audio television signal together with a digital data stream transmitted in the vertical blanking interval of the first video signal. The data stream can also, of course, be transmitted by other methods, such as using a subcarrier frequency. The data stream in the first video signal comprises digital control and address data and digital text data. A local receiver as shown in FIG. 8 may process and retransmit the first video (and audio) signal and, utilizing a character generator, store the digital text data and process it into a second ("satellite" text) video signal containing text for transmission. In addition, the receiver may receive and retransmit a third video (and audio) signal from a local source such as a video recorder, so that local commercials or other material may be displayed, and it provides a synchronization signal which may be input to the local source to synchronize signals from it with other video signals processed or generated by the receiver. So that local cable operators may also be able to compose and display textual data, the receiver may also receive digital data from a keyboard. This data, as well as data from local weather sensors, is processed by the receiver into a fourth video signal containing text. On command from network control, the receiver may select for output the first satellite video (and audio) signal, the third local video (and audio) signal, or a solid color background video signal, and may combine with any of these signals the second (satellite) and/or fourth local textual video signals.
The digital control and address data in the data stream of the first video signal control the operating states, or modes, of such receivers and determine the video, audio and other outputs of a particular receiver. Control data sent in the "Output Mode Control Word" ("OMCW") of the data stream determines, among other things, which video signals or combinations thereof will be presented and which audio signals will be presented, by controlling whether satellite video, local video or character generator input will be processed and sent by the receiver.
The address words of the data stream and the control words following them allow each such receiver or a group of receivers to accept, store and process particular text data and to display this text in a particular format. Thus, different digital text data may be stored by different receivers in groups of receivers for simultaneous presentation in response to the OMCW control data which controls timing of such presentation.
Receivers disclosed in the parent of this document may be utilized for a network of local affiliates receiving transmissions from a single source dedicated to television programming related to weather information and advertising. Accordingly, the hierarchy of addressability utilized in embodiments disclosed in that document contemplates geographic organization of local receivers consistent with weather patterns. That document emphasizes, however, that the invention may also be adapted for transmission of entirely different programming and data for other types of commercial broadcasting and for non-commercial communications, including teletext-only communications, and aspects of the invention may be adapted to other uses such as various remote control networks.
A plurality of such receivers can be organized and addressed hierarchically fior purposes of receiving and processing satellite video and teletext data according to a hierarchical address structure of four sub-fields: Service, Zone, County, and Unit. The address of a receiver is set by positioning switches in the receiver. The receiver compares or matches sub-fields in addresses of received data one sub-field at a time to determine whether messages are addressed to it.
It has recently become useful, however, to arrange and control classes of receivers not according to geographical location or a hierarchical structure, but according to other criteria such as, for instance, a certain market such as a metropolitan area comprising portions of several counties or zones. Advertisers appreciate this capability as well as viewers who wish to receive the same information as others in their area without discrimination according to geographic boundaries or other hierarchical structures.
The present invention supplements the capabilities of the receiver disclosed and claimed in the parent of this document by allowing receivers to be controlled according to preselected classes independent of their hierarchical address structures. This additional capability results from changes to software in the receivers and the structure of data sent to them, as disclosed more fully below.
Other additional capabilities according to the present invention are the ability to cause receivers to enter to a "Crawl Alert" mode or state with satellite video and audio and with a solid color background in the bottom region of the screen across which messages may crawl, accompanied by intermittent audio signals.
The invention also allows receivers to display remotely collected weather observations, such as those from local meterological offices, if they sense loss of connection with their corresponding temperature probes, and to display crawl text corresponding to weather warning information stored in RAM. The invention further allows for the rainfall counter circuits to be easily reset or updated from the receiver's keyboard.
Other objects, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent with reference to the remainder of this document.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the data framing scheme for a page header of a text page for transmission in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram similar to FIG. 1 for any text row 1-9.
FIG. 3 is a diagram similar to FIG. 1 for a date/time row.
FIG. 4 is a diagram similar to FIG. 1 for a command message to reset and ad hoc flag in receivers.
FIG. 5 is a diagram similar to FIG. 1 for a command message to clear ad hoc flags in receivers.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of bit values for switch settings for receivers according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of bit values for switch settings for receivers according to the invention of the parent of this document.
FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing major sections of a receiver according to the present invention.
Techniques of the present invention may be utilized with receiver hardware such as that disclosed and claimed in the parent of this document.
Referring to FIG. 1, which shows page header line (or row) framing in accordance with the present invention, the first 33 of the 37 bytes of that line remain the same as disclosed in the parent of this document. The first two bytes are clock run-in bytes and the third byte is a framing code byte. Byte 4 is a row number byte which comprises a four-bit binary number having a decimal range of 0 to 9. Zero identifies the row as a header and a value of 1 to 9 identifies a line of text (see discussion of text line below) and specifies its sequence in the page. Each text page comprises ten lines or rows numbered 0 through 9. The first line is a page header and each page is numbered. Page number 0 is reserved so that a call for its display can be used to indicate that no text is to be displayed.
Bytes 4-37 are all hamming code bytes, as are bytes 4 and 5 of the text line shown in FIG. 2, bytes 4-37 of the date/time message line shown in FIG. 3, and bytes 4-16 and 34-35 of the set ad hoc market and clear and hoc market lines shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.
The page header (as well as the date/time message and set ad hoc market) lines include in bytes 5-8 an "Output Mode Control Word" (abbreviated "OMCW") which is the mechanism for exercising real-time control over the "on-air" transmission of receivers. The OMCW sub-fields containing data bits are, left to right, as follows:
a. A "Local Program" one bit flag is used to select the on-air audio and video source and to activate a corresponding LED and solid state switches in the Logic Output Section of the receiver. If the "Local Program" bit is on (i.e., "1") and local video is present then:
1. local video is selected,
2. local audio is selected regardless of the state of the Special Audio bit (described below),
3. the local program LED is turned on,
4. the local program solid state switch is turned on, and
5. all character generator group output is suppressed regardless of other indications in the OMCW.
If the Local Program bit is off (i.e., "0", or local video is not present, then:
1. satellite video is selected,
2. satellite audio is selected unless the Special Audio bit is on,
3. the local program LED is turned off,
4. the local program solid state switch is turned off, and
5. character generator group output is as called for in the balance of the OMCW.
b. A "Local Pre-roll" one bit flag activates (0=off; 1=on) an isolated external control circuit which may be used to cue-up a video recorder machine.
c. An "Auxiliary Audio" one bit flag selects the auxiliary local audio input as the on-air source, over-riding the audio source specified by the Local Program bit. It also activates an isolated external control circuit which may be used to control a local audio source and LED indicator. Thus, 0=Audio follows video, and 1=Auxiliary Audio over-ride.
d. An "Alarm" or "Weather Warning" one bit flag (0=off; 1=on) activates an electromechanical relay and an isolated external control.
e. A "Radar" one bit flag is used in conjunction with a Radar Enable switch and presence of local video input to select the local video source and to activate a solid state switch which may be used to turn on a video signal depicting a radar picture. It never affects the on-air audio source. If the Radar bit is on (i.e.,=1), the local program bit is off, the Radar Enable switch is on and local video is present then:
1. local video is selected,
2. the radar solid state switch is turned on, and
3. all character generator output is suppressed regardless of other indications in the OMCW.
If any of the conditions above ae not met then the local program bit prevails.
f. A "Region Separator" one bit flag (0=on; 1=off) acts as the separator attribute of the first text line of the bottom text region.
g. A "Top Solid Background" one bit flag (0=title-over; 1=solid background) selects either title-over or solid color background display of text in the upper text region.
h. A "Bottom Solid Background" one bit flag (0=title-over; 1=solid background) selects either title-over or solid color background display of text in the lower text region.
i. A "Top Text Page" six-bit binary number specifies the page to be displayed in the upper text region. Page number "0" is a pseudo-page of zero lines.
j. A "Bottom Text Page" two-bit binary number specifies the text to be displayed in the bottom text region. Bottom Text Page=0 is a pseudo-page of zero lines, =1 means display date/time and weather instruments readings, =2 means display local crawl and =3 means display alternate crawl from text page 51 (weather warning information).
Bytes 9 and 10 are the "Page Number," an eight bit binary page number in the range 0 to the maximum number of pages. Page 0, Row 0, as stated above, is utilized as a date/time record. Page numbers greater than or equal to 128 are reserved for non-text messages. Page numbers 254 and 255 are currently implemented instances of such messages and are described below.
The "Address" field, bytes 11-16, comprising twenty-four data bits (in addition to twenty-four Hamming Code Bits) allows a plurality of receivers to be organized and addressed hierarchically for purposes of receiving and processing satellite video and teletext data. Thus, certain teletext messages may be addressed only to, and stored and processed only by, a particular receiver (a "Unit") or a group or groups of receivers ("County," "Zone" and "Service"). In accordance with this ability, the address is a hierarchical structure of four sub-fields which are, left to right: "Service" (3 bits), "Zone" (10 bits), "County" (5 bits), and "Unit" (6 bits). The address of each receiver may consist of Service 001 or another service number stored in ROM and twenty-one bits, representing the remaining sub-field values, set into receiver switches in the Switch Input Section of the receiver. Address matching proceeds one sub-field at a time, from left to right. If a received sub-field contains a value of zero, the sub-field and all succeeding sub-fields are considered to match the corresponding sub-fields of the receiver without further comparison. Thus, for instance, an address containing a value of zero for "County" would match all receivers having the "Zone" of that address.
Byte 17 is the "Line Count," a four bit binary number in the range 0 to 9 establishing the line count attribute for display and the highest row number to be received in the current page.
Bytes 18 and 19 are "Page Attributes," a collection of one bit display attributes and one bit mode change commands. These mode change commands provide the only mechanism for forcing a change in operating mode on an addressable basis, since in the NORMAL mode (described below) the OMCW is processed independent of the destination address of the rest of the message. The eight Page Attribute bits are utilized, reading left to right, in the described embodiment as follows:
a. An "Unused" bit is reserved for future use.
b. A "Freeze" bit forces a transition into FREEZE mode.
c. A "Weather Advisory" bit forces a transition into ADVISORY mode.
d. A "Weather Warning" bit forces a transition into WARNING mode.
e. An "Unused" bit is reserved for future use.
f. A "Flip" bit indicates that the display of any chained pages will be accomplished by successive display of one page at a time.
g. A "Roll" bit indicates that the display of any chained pages will be accomplished by continuous text roll.
h. A "Chain bit indicates that the next higher numbered page is logically attached to this page.
"Line attributes" occupy eight successive fields of two bytes each, bytes 20-33. Bytes 36 and 37 are line attributes for both lines 8 and 9 of a page of text. Each two-byte field 20-33 contains display attributes for its corresponding text line. Left to right, these are:
a. A "Separator" bit that indicates the display of a solid separator bar above the corresponding line of text.
b. A "Flash" bit that indicates that the text will flash off and on.
c. A "Reverse" bit that indicates that any text or separator will appear in black rather than white and that the character borders, if present, will be white rather than black.
d. A "Border" bit that indicates a contrast border around the edges of the characters.
e. A four bit "Color" code that indicates the background color associated with the line.
Bytes 36 and 37 control display attributes for both lines 8 and 9 of text.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2-5, Bytes 34 and 35, which were previously occupied by line 8 display attributes, form an OMCW Extension. Each byte comprises four data bits and four hamming code bits. The OMCW Extension forms the low order portion of the Extended OMCW. The OMCW Extension is defined as follows, reading left to right:
A. Three unused bits.
B. Five "market" bits.
The remaining bits are four hamming code bits located to the left of the data bits in each byte.
The text line of FIG. 2 may be the same as that disclosed in FIG. 41 of the parent document. The first five bytes are two clock run-in bytes, a framing code byte, a row number byte, and a height/width byte. The remainder of the bytes correspond to characters of text.
Referring to FIG. 3, the date/time message line (row 0, page 0) utilizes the framing described for a page header for its first ten bytes. Byte 11 is the "time zone" indicating the time zone that the accompanying date and time apply to, utilizing a three-bit code designating time zone and whether daylight savings time is to be used. The setting of three corresponding switches in the receiver provide the receiver with the ability to process only matching date/time messages. Byte 12 is the day of the week; byte 13 is the month of the year; and bytes 14 and 15 are the day of the month. Byte 16 is the hour of the day; bytes 17 and 18 are the minute; bytes 19 and 20 are the seconds; and byte 21 communicates a.m. or p.m.
Bytes 22-31 may be used for alternative date and time information in a format similar to bytes 12-21. The setting of a switch in the receiver determines which of the two groups of date and time information will be processed. A check sum byte field occupies bytes 32 and 33. It contains the low-order eight bits of the arithmetic sum of the four-bit de-hammed data portions of the 21 bytes, beginning with the byte following the page number and ending with the byte preceding the check sum. Bytes 34 and 35 contain the OMCW Extension and bytes 36 and 37 are unused.
Bytes 1-10 and 34 and 35 of the set ad hoc market and clear ad hoc market lines as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 are the same as those in the page header and date/time message line. The other bytes in these lines are unused.
Text page headers may hvae a page number between 1 and 127. Thus, using 8-bit two's compliment arithmetic page number is non-zero and non-negative. The page number 255 in a row 0 is a set ad hoc market line which sets the ad hoc flag in receivers to which it is addressed, while page number 254 in a row 0 is a clear ad hoc market line which clears the ad hoc flag in receivers to which it is addressed.
As shown a comparison of in FIGS. 6 and 7, the switches in receivers can be redesignated to accommodate these new data lines. The right-most 24 switches corresponding to time zone, zone, county and unit, respectively, remain the same. In the other 8 switches, the left-most 4 switches correspond to the "market" mentioned above in connection with the Extended OMCW. The 5th switch is a radar enable switch, the 6th switch is a spare, the 7th switch is the fifth (low order) live local market switch, and the 8th switch is the alternate time zone.
Non-hierarchical classes of receivers may be controlled in two ways in accordance with this format. First, they can be addressed when their combination of market switch settings match the market bits contained in the OMCW Extension of data lines. Second, they can be addressed by addressing individual or groups of receivers and sending set ad hoc market lines to the addressed receivers. A value in the range of 1 to 30 for the five market bits is used to address desired receivers with corresponding market bit switch settings. A market bit value of 31 in the OMCW Extension specifies the current class of receivers in which the ad hoc market flags are set.
The system control or teletext program, written in Intel 8085 Macro Assembly Language, is assembled and the resulting machine code stored in a ROM chip for inclusion in receiver 110. The complete assembly listing appears below. The main body of this program, which is entered as a result of a CPU hardware reset, performs certain system initialization functions and then repeatedly executes a loop consisting of various housekeeping chores. The balance of the program consists of interrupt service routines that are invoked by hardware interrupts, which occur asynchronously with respect to execution of the main program body, and by software RST instructions.
Entry to this routine is through the 8085A reset vector address. The program begins system initialization by setting the stack pointer to the base address of the stack. Next, the alarm relay and all of the solid state switches are turned off and the satellite video signal is selected. Then the front panel LEDs are turned off and a delay loop of approximately two seconds' duration is entered to allow the rest of the receiver hardware to stabilize. The 32 switch inputs are then read and saved and all maskable interrupts are disabled.
A group of software controlled timers are then zeroed. All of these timers will subsequently be counted in half-second intervals. Since no half-second clock exists in the system, one is simulated using the TRAP interrupt which occurs at NTSC television vertical frequency (59.94 Hz) and a software counter that is initialized here for 30 counts.
Next a group of flags is initialized. Then a buffer that is used to format weather sensor readings is initialized and the first sensor input values are read and placed in the buffer. The USART control registers are then initialized to enable serial data communications. The program then performs set-up of the DMA Controller for subsequent teletext data storage. A value corresponding to a received double bit error is placed into the row number field of each line of the four-line teletext data buffer in memory. This insures that the contents of a line buffer will later be discarded by the program if no teletext data is received in the corresponding line of the satellite video signal.
Initialization continues with the sending of a reset message across the inter-process link to the character generator control processor. Finally, the necessary actions are taken to establish NOSAT mode.
The main program then enters a loop where it will remain as long as the receiver continues in operation. In this loop the software timer for the audio beeper is checked. If it is active and its maximum count has been reached, the beeper is turned off. The 32 switch inputs are then read. A software controlled weather sensor time is checked, and if it has expired the local weather sensors are read. If the temperature sensor reading is at its extreme over-range value, indicating that a short circuit jumper has been installed across the temperature sensor input terminals, a special sensor message is formatted to inform the Character Generator Controller processor that the contents of text page 50 is to be used in lieu of actual sensor readings. Otherwise, a sensor message containing the actual readings is formatted. In either case a flag is set to indicate that the sensor message is ready for transmission to the Character Generator Controller processor. Control is then returned to the beginning of the loop.
This software invoked routine saves the status of all of the 8085A registers on the stack.
This software invoked routine restores the previously saved status of the 8085A registers from the stack.
This is a hardware interrupt service routine. It is entered at the beginning of each vertical sync pulse (VDRIVE) from the Gen Lock Section. For proper system operation, the execution time of this routine must be short enough that it will be completed before the occurrence of the RST5.5 interrupt caused by the sync pulse of video line 18. This routine must therefore complete in less than 1.08 milliseconds.
This routine first saves the processor state. Since the 8085A TRAP interrupt cannot be masked, a check is made to see if the main program is still performing initilization. If so, the processor state is restored and this routine is exited. Otherwise the routine continues.
All timers that use 1/60 second counts are incremented. If the 1/2 second interval counter has expired, it is reset and all of the timers that use 1/2 second counts are incremented. The satellite video present detector is read. If satellite video is not present and the system is not in NOSAT mode, WARNING MODE or ADVISORY mode, then NOSAT mode is established. If satellite video is not present and the system is already in NOSAT mode, the three hour timer is checked. If it has expired, a reset message is sent to the Character Generator Control processor to cause reinitialization of all stored text pages.
If video is present and the system is in NOSAT mode, the video present software timer is checked. If video has been present for one second, then NOSAT mode is exited and NOCTL mode is established.
If video is present and the system is in WARNING mode or ADVISORY mode, the two minute software warning and advisory timer is checked. If it has expired, the current mode is exited and NOCTL mode is established.
If video is present and the system is in NORMAL mode, the good OMCW software timer is checked to determine if a full second has elapsed without receiving a valid OMCW. If it has, then NORMAL mode is exited and NOCTL mode is established.
In all cases, this routine concludes by checking a five second software timer to determine if it is time to send sensor readings to the Character Generator Control processor. If so, it sets a flag and resets the timer. Finally the processor state is restored and the TRAP routine is exited.
This is a hardware interrupt service routine. It is entered at the beginning of the horizontal sync pulse for video line 18 as indicated by the signal WEN. It is this routine that processes received teletext data. Its execution must be completed before the next TRAP occurs. Execution must therefore not require more than 15.6 milliseconds.
This routine first saves the state of the processor on the stack and resets the signal that invoked it. It then checks to see if local video is present and sets an LED to so indicate. If local video is not present a check is made to determine if local video is currently selected. If so, it is deselected, satellite video is selected and the remaining functions of the current OMCW are appropriately activated.
A processing loop is then entered which will be executed four times, once for each of the four teletext data lines contained in the current video field. The ROW NUMBER field is de-hammed by table look-up. If the ROW NUMBER contains a double bit error then a flush flag is set so that the balance of the current message will be ignored and no further processing of this line is performed.
If the row number is zero than the OMCW, the OMCW EXTENSION, the ADDRESS and the PAGE NUMBER are de-hammed and packed. If the PAGE NUMBER contains a double bit error the flush flag is set and no further processing of this line is performed. If the PAGE NUMBER is zero, then this line is a DATE/TIME message and it is processed accordingly and, depending upon the ALTERNATE TIME ZONE switch of the switch inputs either the primary or the alternate date and time field, is sent to the Character Generator Control processor if its TIME ZONE field matches the code in the corresponding three switches of the switch inputs. Processing of a DATE/TIME message then continues with the OMCW field as described below.
If the ROW NUMBER is zero, the OMCW and the OMCW EXTENSION, together referred to as the EXTENDED OMCW, are now processed. If they are error free and match the last received EXTENDED OMCW then the current system mode is checked. If the system is in NORMAL mode, then the MARKET field of the OMCW EXTENSION is checked. If it is non-zero and either it is less than 31 and it matches the value set in the five MARKET switches of the switch inputs or it is equal to 31 and the internal AD HOC flag is currently set then the current OMCW is set to 2000-hex and the remainder of the received OMCW is ignored. This causes the auxiliary audio channel to be selected for retransmission along with satellite video. By supplying the auxiliary audio input from an additional audio channel transmitted to the cable system via satellite this makes possible the retransmission of customized live audio and video programming by receivers in the selected market while receivers in other markets retransmit text over a solid background accompanied by the first audio signal under the control of the remainder of the OMCW.
If the MARKET field conditions above are not met then the two minute Crawl Alert count-down timer is examined. If that timer is non-zero, indicating that a Crawl Alert is in effect, then the BOTTOM TEXT PAGE field of the new OMCW is forced to a value of three and the BOTTOM SOLID BACKGROUND bit in the new OMCW is forced on. Finally the new OMCW is saved as the current OMCW and all of the conditions it now specifies are established. If the system is in NOCTL mode and the newly received OMCW value has both its LOCAL PROGRAM and LOCAL PREROLL bits off then NOCTL mode is exited, NORMAL mode is established, the new OMCW is saved as the current OMCW and the conditions it specifies are established.
It is important to note that this OMCW processing occurs regardless of the contents of the ADDRESS field, and thus provides simultaneous real-time control of all of the receivers 110 in a network.
Processing of a line with ROW equal zero and PAGE not equal zero continues with the already de-hammed ADDRESS field. If this field contains any double bit errors then the flush flag is set and the balance of the line is not processed. Otherwise, hierarchical address checking is performed. This is done by left to right processing of the subfields SERVICE, ZONE, COUNTY and UNIT. For each subfield of the message address, the subfield is tested for a value of zero. If it is not zero it is compared to the corresponding subfield of the receiver's address. If the message subfield is either zero or equal to this receiver's value then the subfield is considered to be "matched." If all subfields are "matched" then the message is for this receiver, so the flush flag is turned off, the "Unit Addressed" LED is turned on and processing of the balance of this line and of any ensuing lines of this message will be performed. If any subfield fails to be "matched" then the flush flag is turned on, the "Unit Addressed" LED is turned off and the balance of this line is not processed further.
If the message is addressed to this receiver and the PAGE NUMBER is 255 then the internal AD HOC flag is set and processing of this message is complete.
If the message is addressed to this receiver and the PAGE NUMBER is 254 then the internal AD HOC flag is cleared and processing of this message is complete.
If the message is addressed to this receiver and the PAGE NUMBER is greater than zero but less than 128 then this is a Page Header for a text page, and the balance of the line is de-hammed and used to create a page header message which is sent to the Character Generator Control processor. The saved row number is set to zero, and the processing of the line is completed.
If the received line has a non-zero ROW NUMBER the flush flag is tested. If it is on then no further processing of this line is performed. If it is off and the received ROW NUMBER is not greater than the previously saved row number then the flush flag is turned on and no further processing of this line will be performed. If the flush flag is off and the ROW NUMBER is greater than the previously saved row number then the new ROW NUMBER value becomes the saved value and the line is processed. This is done by de-hamming the HEIGHT/WIDTH field and then sending the line to the Character Generator Control processor.
For all of the previously mentioned conditions, if the flush flag is on or is turned on then the received line does not have to be sent to the Character Generator Control processor. This creates an available period of toime that is used to send a sensor message to the Character Generator Control processor if the main program has set the sensor message ready flag. Whenever a sensor message is sent, the ready flag is cleared.
After processing all four teletext lines in the above processing loop, this interrupt service routine performs the necessary initialization for the next DMA operation, restores the processor status from the stack and exits.
This is a hardware interrupt service routine which is entered whenever the USART in the Serial Data Communications section completes the sending or receiving of a character.
This hardware interrupt service routine is entered as the result of the Character Generator Control processor acknowledging receipt of a transfer of data across the interprocessor link. The RST7.5 interrupt is in fact masked at all times so that the routine is never actually entered. Instead, the RST7.5 interrupt pending status is used as a flag to synchronize transmission to the Character Generator Control processor.
The present invention also allows for receivers to display messages that crawl across the bottom of the screen while satellite video appears on the upper portion. The previously unused bit in the page attributes field of the page header line is redefined as the crawl alert bit. Receivers may enter the crawl alert state upon receipt and storage of the last line of a text page that has the crawl alert bit on the page attributes field of its header.
Upon entry into the crawl alert state, the "Bottom Solid Background" flag is set to 1 and the "Bottom Text Page" is set to 3 in the active OMCW and in all subsequently received OMCW's for 2 minutes. This provides for alternate crawl display on a solid color background in the bottom region of television screens controlled by the receiver while maintaining video on the rest of the screen along with audio in accordance with the current OMCW and subsequently received OMCW's. An intermittent audio signal will be added to the audio output, mixed over the program audio, the total duration of which is approximately five to six seconds.
If satellite video is lost for 45 consecutive video fields while in crawl alert mode, the active OMCW is forced to 2707-hex and the crawl alert mode will continue to normal conclusion.
If a receiver detects that its corresponding temperature probe is not connected, then instead of suppressing the display of all sensors, the lines of page 50 (remotely collected weather observations such as those from local meterological offices) will be displayed one by one beneath the date/time line on screens for televisions controlled by the receiver. The line count field in row 0 of page 50 will be used to establish the last line to be displayed before returning to the first line. If text from page 50 is being displayed in lieu of sensor data and the bottom solid background bit in the OMCW is on, the background color for the entire bottom text region and the bottom safe region will be taken from the color attribute for line 1 of page 50. If, on the other hand, the line count in page 50 is 0, then a blank line will be displayed and the color will be set to blue (color 5).
A value of 3 in the Bottom Text Field in the OMCW may be defined as the Alternate Crawl bit. When this value occurs, the on-screen display will be the same as for the Local Crawl with only the following three exceptions. First, the text will be from RAM text page 51 (weather warning information). Second, the background color associated with the bottom text region and the bottom safe region is the line 1 color attribute from page 51. Third, the number of characters in the message is taken to be 32 times the line count attribute of the page.
The foregoing is provided for purposes of explanation and illustration. Modification and enhancements to the embodiment disclosed in this document may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.
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Staybridge Suites Birmingham
Staybridge Suites Birmingham is located in the very heart of Birmingham within the Martineau Place Shopping Centre and just five minutes' walk from the world-class Bullring Shopping Centre and the stunning architecture of the city's beautiful New St.
The Staybridge Suites hotel is just a short walk from Birmingham New Street Train Station, offering quick connections to locations all over the UK. All of our Studios and one-bedroom Suites include complimentary breakfast and free Wi-Fi. All of our Suites offer individually controlled cooling and heating.
Choose a relaxing home from home, offering a little oasis in the vibrant and culture rich city of Birmingham. Birmingham's vibrant and diverse city offers superb shopping, a magnificent nightlife and great treats for culture vultures and lovers of fine food.
Please Note: Our hotel does not have on-site parking due to its location in the city centre. However, we do offer a concessionary rate of £8 for 24 hours with the NCP High Street on Dale End, postcode B4 7LN (closed between 12am and 6am) and NCP Londonderry House, postcode B4 7LX (open 24 hours); just five and ten minute's walk from the hotel respectively. Ticket must be validated at reception. We look forward to your re-submission.
Quick Info
- Check In: 3:00 PM
- Check Out: 11:00 AM
- Minimum Check-In Age: 18
- Print Fact sheet
- Chat Online
Hotel Highlights
- On-site Guest Self-Laundry Facilities
- Housekeeping Full Service
- Complimentary Breakfast Buffet
- Standard Wireless Internet service is free for all members
- On-Site Fitness Center Available
Guest Reviews
Overall Experience
Favourite hotel in Birmingham
ByDevon on business
July 25, 2015
Great hotel for lots of reasons -
Comfortable beds
Air conditioning
Extra facilities - kitchen in each room, access to washing machines/dryers
Gym open 24/7
Great staff
Evening reception
All the extra pros compensate for no adjacent car park. There are car parks that are not too far away.
Great site
July 21, 2015
Comfortable room with excellent facilities and great staff
Stay here whenever I can
July 20, 2015
Always good to get here if the price suits. The format of the hotel makes this worthwhile when compared with similar options in the City Centre. But IMHO the best feature of this place is its location
Excellent Service and Comfort
July 17, 2015
I stay at this hotel every time we visit the Birmingham area for a social event, this was probably my 5th stay at Staybridge. I am always impressed by the attention to detail by the receptionists and staff, who obviously take pride in the job they do and the service the give.


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Lincoln City swoop for Gainsborough's Andrew Boyce
Posted: May 24, 2012|
Andrew Boyce admitted his decision to join county rivals Lincoln City fullfilled his ambition of full-time football as he expressed his sadness at quitting Gainsborough Trinity.
The highly-rated defender has signed a one-year deal bringing his two-season stay at the Northolme to a close.
Gainsborough had offered Boyce a new contract to remain at the Northolme on the back of a hugely successful season in which the club reached the Blue Square North play-off final.
But Lincoln have watched the defender all season and finally made their move today, with the transfer fee to be settled by a tribunal.
Gainsborough fans will be devastated by Boyce's departure, and the imposing centre-back said he will remain fond of the Blues.
"I had a great season with Gainsborough," he said.
"They were fantastic with me and we had a terrific season. I am gutted to be leaving, but on the other hand happy to get full-time football with Lincoln.
"It was an opportunity I could not turn down because playing full-time football has always been an ambition of mine.
"I have so many people to thank at Gainsborough for what they have done for me. It's a terrific club and I have met some great people."
Boyce said he was excited by the challenge awaiting him at Lincoln, who finished in the lower half of the Blue Square Bet Premier last season.
mps boss David Holdsworth was delighted to land the 22-year-old defender, who also attracted the attention of Doncaster.
And Boyce said he was impressed with what Holdsworth had to say.
"He was very professional and he has got big plans for the club," he said.
"He is making rearrangements to the inside of the changing rooms to make it better for the players.
"David certainly wants to do good things and I am happy to be a part of it.
"The facilities are terrific, the stadium is terrific and it's a really good set-up.
"Obviously I know they were a league side, but they were a big club for that level, let alone this one. Hopefully they can move up."


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Full detailed profile on Mia McCormick Played by Taylor Spreitler on Days of Our Lives Daytime Soap Opera.
Taylor Spreitler (Jill Johnson/JPI)
Birthday: October 23 1993
At Maggie's place, Maggie wonders why Carly wouldn't rather live someplace else. Carly needs to get out of Bo's place as soon as possible and doesn't want to be alone. She promises to explain to Maggie why she's back in Salem. Maggie's got to run this by Mickey. Mia interrupts and Maggie realizes they've met. When Mia learns Carly may move in, she says it's fine with her. It's up to Maggie. Carly leaves and Maggie can see Mia's still in such pain. Each time she thinks about Grace, she feels she should have known she was her baby. Maggie says Mia can't blame herself. Mia says Will and Chad feel bad for the way they treated her but she doesn't care. She'd have them hate her forever if Grace could still be alive. They hug and Maggie says it's helpful to keep busy when going through bad times. She suggests they bake together. Mia's not in the spirit of Thanksgiving at the moment. Maggie tells Mia about her drinking days when she felt low and lost and that she learned the importance of being thankful at her meetings. Mia has a choice. Go up to her room and be sad or help her bake the pies for the homeless. Mia decides to bake and later admits she feels like she has family, now. Family is everything. Maybe some Thanksgiving, she'll be as happy as Sami is right now.
Chad and Mia put flowers down at Grace's gravesite and Chad assures Mia that they'll get through this together. Will arrives and apologizes to the two for their loss. Will leaves them to talk and Will apologizes for the nasty things he said to her. Mia lied to him but she thought she was protecting her baby but it turns out Sydney's not hers. Grace was. Mia lost her reputation, self-respect, and most of all, him. Will says it's not too late for them but Mia disagrees. Will offers her to call if she needs anything and when Chad returns, he takes Mia home.
Carly visits Maggie who is thrilled to see her and was happy to hear she was exonerated in Lawrence's murder. Carly wants to stay in Salem indefinitely so Maggie offers to recommend her to work at University Hospital. She takes a call in another room and while she's gone, Mia comes in and greets Carly. They remember each other from the pier. Carly says she's old friends with Maggie and asks after Mia, who says things got worse. She tells Carly about the baby switch and that her own daughter is actually dead. Carly holds her close and whispers apologies. Maggie returns as Mia heads upstairs and Carly has one more favor. She'd like to rent out an extra room in her house!
Chad finds Nicole on the pier and assumes she got what she wanted with Sydney. Mia comes upon them and asks why Nicole is out of jail, causing Chad to perk up. Mia says she was on her way to find him and tell him the truth how Nicole lied to everyone about Sydney. Mia admits she has never had sex with anybody else but him and Nicole convinced her to lie about it so he wouldn't think he was Sydney's father. Chad's confused. Why didn't the DNA tests reveal him as the father? Mia says Sydney's not their daughter. Nicole switched babies with Sami Brady to raise her with EJ. Chad asks where their baby is. Mia cries and tells him, "She's dead. Our little girl, Grace, she's in heaven now."
Mia and Chad visit Grace's gravesite and Mia apologizes for all of the lies and most of all she's sorry he never got to know his little girl. Chad holds her close.
Mia confronts Nicole in jail. Nicole thinks with Mia's help, they can get Sydney back. Mia starts to cry and tells Nicole, "My baby is dead. I will never get to see her again, because of you." She cries and says nobody believes any of her lies anymore. Sydney belongs to Sami and Grace is dead. She can't believe Nicole traded Grace for Sydney but Nicole had to do it, she claims. Mia finds Nicole disgusting but Nicole felt that she gave Grace a wonderful life with Sami. "How was I supposed to know that she'd let Grace die?" Mia is stunned by the accusation so Nicole backs up. She knows Grace died from a virus. Nobody could have saved her. Mia is hurt that she wasn't aware Grace was hers and asks, "What kind of monster are you?" Mia lost Will Horton and her own self-respect because of Nicole. She yells that giving up her little girl to Nicole was the worst thing she has ever done. She hates herself and Nicole for it. Nicole tells Mia to look in the mirror. She's not exactly blameless. Mia can see Nicole doesn't have any idea of what she has done to her but Nicole doesn't agree. She thinks she knows how Mia feels. Not only has she lost her baby, she lost Sydney. She starts to cry, realizing she may never see her little girl again! Mia calls her sick and self centered. She doesn't care if Nicole's in jail forever.
At the Brady Pub, Mia cries to Chloe that Sydney is hers and no one would switch babies. She realizes Grace is really her baby and cries. Maggie consoles Mia and Chloe tells them how Nicole switched the babies. Mia cries that she sensed Grace was hers. Maggie leaves to call Roman and get to the truth. Mia never understood why Nicole made sure she held Grace before she died until now. It all makes sense, except Mia doesn't know why Nicole would switch the babies. Chloe explains that Sydney is Sami and EJ's daughter. Maggie comes back and confirms it's all true. Mia breaks down and realizes Nicole made her lie about everything too. Maggie says Nicole will pay for her lies. Mia thanks Maggie and says there's something she has to do.
Nicole is placed behind bars and cries for Sydney. After the guard reads her the offenses she's charged with, Nicole calls Chloe and begs her to bail her out. Chloe refuses and asks how she could do it. Nicole begs Chloe for help as her only friend, but Chloe says Nicole is where she belongs and hangs up on her. Nicole gets a visitor: Mia!
Mia speaks to Will in the pub. He asks if there was any news about the paternity results. She says Chad isn't the father. Will says that's good, and then awkwardly tells her he needs to get back to studying. Mia leaves in frustration and runs right into Maggie. She tells her she had to cancel their dinner plans - Will's in there and he hates her! Maggie hugs her. They discuss Sydney, and Maggie urges Mia to tell the truth. Mia says she can't - she gave her word to Nicole!
Chloe seeks out Will at the pub, asking where Lucas is in rehab. Will says she's the reason he's in there - why would he tell her? Chloe says that this is concerning Sami - and Lucas will want to know what's happened and be there for her! Will wonders what she is talking about, but Chloe won't tell him, and says maybe Will is right - Lucas doesn't need to have anything else to think about right now. She urges Will to go to Sami if he wants to know what's happened. Will heads out, and Chloe leaves a message on Nicole's phone about how awful it is what she did. Mia comes up behind her and demands to know what she's talking about?! Mia asks why she said Sydney was Sami's baby? Maggie joins them, and Mia tells her what Chloe said - that the babies were switched!
« Back to Mia McCormick profile


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Rocky Mountain Research Station Publications
RMRS Online Publication - Journal
Articles, External Publications, and Special Reports
Accounting for heterogeneity of public lands in hedonic property models
Ham, Charlotte; Champ, Patricia A.; Loomis, John B.; Reich, Robin M. 2012. Accounting for heterogeneity of public lands in hedonic property models. Land Economics. 88(3): 444-456.
Open space lands, national forests in particular, are usually treated as homogeneous entities in hedonic price studies. Failure to account for the heterogeneous nature of public open spaces may result in inappropriate inferences about the benefits of proximate location to such lands. In this study the hedonic price method is used to estimate the marginal values for proximity to the Pike National Forest. The results indicate that specifying the forest as homogeneous overstates the benefits for homes within two miles relative to specifying the forest based on land use characteristics, because the significant negative effect from noise-intensive activities is omitted.
Keywords: open space, heterogeneity, hedonic property models
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hedonic property models
Electronic Publish Date: September 18, 2012
Last Update: September 18, 2012
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text:
Tom Landwehr
Dayton Unsure of Minnesota's Next Step On Wolf Hunting
Gov. Mark Dayton is consulting with his Department of Natural Resources chief on how the state should respond to a federal ruling that outlaws hunting of gray wolves.
Simple Goal Of Pheasant Summit: How To Get More Birds
Minnesota's pheasant population has been on a long-term decline. Gov. Mark Dayton is hoping the first Minnesota Pheasant Summit this weekend will lay some ground for changing that.
Early Snow Opens Minnesota's Snowmobile Trails
Even though it's not officially winter, it is officially snowmobile season in Minnesota.
DNR: Mpls. Lock Closure 'Step Forward' In Halting Asian Carp
The Department of Natural Resources says a huge step forward was taken recently in the fight against Asian carp after President Barack Obama signed legislation to close the Upper St. Anthony Falls lock to boat traffic.
Bear Researcher Gets No Reprieve From Governor
A Minnesota bear researcher remains under orders to remove radio collars from bears he's studying by the end of the month, but will be allowed to appeal. Bear researcher Lynn Rogers sounded optimistic after a meeting with Gov. Mark Dayton and Department of Natural Resources Commissioner Tom Landwehr on Monday. But Landwehr said afterward he does not plan to lift his decision to rescind Rogers' permit to keep tracking collars on bears in the Ely area.
Clean Up Stations Making It Easier For Minn. To Fend Off Zebra Mussels
The fight against invasive plants and animals just got easier. That's good news because zebra mussels are becoming an increasingly bigger problem in Minnesota.
DNR: Supreme Court Denies Wolf Hunt Petition
The Minnesota Supreme Court denied a petition Friday that sought a review of a request to stop Minnesota's wolf hunt season, the Department Natural Resources said.
Minnesotans Asked To Help Reduce Fire Danger
With fire danger high, Minnesota officials are asking for the public's help in reducing the risk of wildfires.
DNR Officials Expect Limited Wolf Season In 2012
Officials with the Minnesota DNR have started planning for a limited gray wolf hunting and trapping season later this year.
Minn. DNR Lets Lutsen Draw Water For Snowmaking
The DNR is allowing Lutsen Mountains ski area to continue drawing water for snowmaking despite drought in northeastern Minnesota.
Minnesota Duck Season To Open Week Early This Year
Minnesota's duck hunting season will open a week earlier than usual. Opening day shooting hours also will be earlier, and the annual youth waterfowl hunt will fall on an earlier date this year.
Minnesota State Employees Returning To Work
State employees began returning to work in Minnesota Thursday after a new budget agreement ended a government shutdown of nearly three weeks.
DNR Commissioner Greets Employees With Cookie
Department of Natural Resource Commissioner Tom Landwehr welcomed several hundred employees back to work after the longest government shutdown in decades.
New DNR Commissioner Suggests License Fee Scale
At Capra's Bait and Sporting Goods, customers know that the cost of a license or stamp is the price of admission to Minnesota's great outdoors.


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Table of Contents
|A Cross Cultural Study on the Theme of Women Salvation in Two Literary Works
|PDF Indexed/Included/Archived
|Jianying YUE, Yushan ZHAO
|Research on Fostering Intercultural Communication Competence of Foreign Language Learners
|PDF Indexed/Included/Archived
|Yueqin HAN
|How to Revitalize an Indigenous Language? Adults' Experiences of the Revitalization of the SÁMi Language
|PDF Indexed/Included/Archived
|Erika Sarivaara, Satu Uusiautti, Kaarina Määttä
|Study on the Tourism Industry Competitiveness of Nanyue Economic Zone
|PDF Indexed/Included/Archived
|Min DAI, Xiaoliang CHEN
|Demand Situation and Countermeasures Research on the Sports Service Products of Rural Residents
|PDF Indexed/Included/Archived
|Shijian LI
|Study on Rare Earth Management Game Between Central and Local Governments in China
|PDF Indexed/Included/Archived
|Huifang LIU, Lei LEI, Changxie YE
|Presumption of Prefabricated Memes and Controllable Exploration of Meme Variations in the ESL Writing Teaching
|PDF Indexed/Included/Archived
|Xinrong XIA, Kui ZHU
|Legal Issues Research in the Search Engine Marketing
|PDF Indexed/Included/Archived
|Linsan YUAN, Lei ZHANG, Honghui CHEN
|On the Realization of Citizen's Abidance by Law
|PDF Indexed/Included/Archived
|Xin GUAN
|A Study on Banking Advertisements in Turkish TV Channels
|PDF Indexed/Included/Archived
|Seyit Ahmet Capan
|The Confucian Value of Harmony and its Influence on Chinese Social Interaction
|PDF Indexed/Included/Archived
|Xiaohong WEI, Qingyuan LI
|Les Relations Entre la Russie et L'Inde
|PDF Indexed/Included/Archived
|O. Smirnova, D. Zubov
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Created: 12/13/2012 6:59 AM KSTP.com By: Jennie Olson
Five weeks after President Barack Obama won re-election and gained more leverage to make GOP conservatives bend on taxes, the new balance of power is proving vexing for both sides.
Republicans looking for ways to avert a looming "fiscal cliff" of tax increases and spending cuts still aren't budging on Obama's demands for higher tax rates on upper bracket earners, despite the president's convincing election victory and opinion polls showing support for the idea.
Democrats in turn are now resisting proposals, such as raising the eligibility age for Medicare, that they were willing to consider just a year and a half ago, when Obama's chief Republican adversary, House Speaker John Boehner, was in a better tactical position.
Boehner said Wednesday he and Obama still have "serious differences."
(Copyright 2012 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)


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John, Why is no one talking bout Damian Lillard. He's gonna be a great player and can give us plenty of scoring off the bench. He's a can't miss prospect.
What about the... New Orleans Battle. let it soak in, it has a nice ring to it and makes perfect sense
why is this fatass playing? last time he played in the Zurich he dropped out citing injury. He also had the worst score on the board
go break a leg chris!
of course we have to go to new york. they cant come here and get there ass kicked by chris "I wanna leave" paul.
the first step is signing West. without west theres no paul next year
some people to need to learn how to pre-order their iPhones
up and down? what ups have there been this season. a win vs. southeastern?
dem levys/hughes are everywhere
They cant even win in C-USA. How do they expect to win in the Big 12. Army, Duke, Tulsa belong in the Big 12
them damn Rummel kids
them damn Rummel kids
another 3 win year
i bet he chooses Dayton, just a guess
there goes tulane's shot at a national championship
there goes tulane's shot at a national championship
Kenner playgrounds are a joke, the supervisors think they are king of the world and can do whatever they want. there just low class people who cant find a real job
Dont buy from a Saint, buy from a Tiger
what exactly is one year probation. does that mean they cant go to a bowl game this year?
i was two rows back from this. just a vacation at the game. my condolences to his family


text: gallery Pumpkin Recipes In Season: Pumpkins begin to ripen in September. Because they store well, pumpkins are available all through the fall and winter. What to Look For: Make sure to choose a variety of pumpkin that's intended for cooking rather than for decoration. The ubiquitous field pumpkin -- the kind most commonly used to carve jack-o'-lanterns -- has watery, stringy flesh and is not recommended for eating. Sugar pumpkins and cheese pumpkins are two widely available varieties that are good for cooking and baking, thanks to their dense, sweet flesh. How to Store: Pumpkins keep well at room temperature for up to a month. Stored in a cool cellar or refrigerator, they can last up to three months. Once cut, pumpkin pieces should be wrapped tightly and refrigerated. Use cut pumpkin within five days. sharePinterestFacebookTwitterGoogle+ Email