text:
As you know, I am participating in the latest Quilting Gallery Mini Quilt Swap. I sent my partner this quilt.....
Saturday, 24 March 2012
As you know, I am participating in the latest Quilting Gallery Mini Quilt Swap. I sent my partner this quilt.....
8 comments :
Your mini hexie quilt is great! How small are the pieces?ReplyDelete
I thought I would reply to Patchwork and Play here in the comments section.....ReplyDelete
the hexies are around the 3/4" ... yes, very tiny!
It's a gorgeous quilt and I'm feeling very lucky to be the recipient!
Teeny hexies!!ReplyDelete
I love it when a swap comes together!
Both quilts are darling! I love the twister quilt. I have made a couple and really enjoy how they turn out.ReplyDelete
WOW both mini quilts are gorgeous.ReplyDelete
How lucky are you Helen to receive such a lovely little hexie quilt.
Your present is wonderful. I love the little hexagon quiltReplyDelete
lovely swap. hugsReplyDelete
I voted for it before I read your blog! Check out my blog post - given you a Liebster Blog award. http://farmgirltransplant.blogspot.com/2012/04/liebster-award.htmlReplyDelete
I have disabled WORD VERIFICATION for now - everyone is complaining about the new two word system. I tried Comment Moderation but that drives you crazy too. I have enabled REGISTERED USERS for comments so sorry if you are ANONYMOUS. I'm sorry but if I receive too much SPAM, then I will go back to word verification as SPAM is also annoying!


text:
UNITED NATIONS, June 29 (Reuters) - The U.N. Security Council called on Friday for global help to equip an African Union force hunting fugitive Ugandan warlord Joseph Kony and his Lord's Resistance Army (LRA), which lacks basic resources such as boots, food, transport and training.
The 15-nation Security Council endorsed a U.N. strategy that aims to fully equip by December the AU force, which is due to have a full strength of 5,000 troops from South Sudan, Uganda, Democratic Republic of Congo and Central African Republic (CAR).
"The LRA remains extremely dangerous and retains the capacity to inflict considerable suffering on the population," said Abou Moussa, head of the U.N. Regional Office for Central Africa, as he briefed the council on the regional strategy.
The strategy calls for the force to be "adequately equipped, including with regard to air capabilities, communications, office and living accommodations, medical support, and fuel and rations, as soon as possible, and no later than December 2012."
Kony, accused of terrorizing northern Uganda for 20 years, is wanted by the International Criminal Court for war crimes. His LRA is accused of abducting children to use as fighters and sex slaves, and of hacking off living victims' limbs as a method of intimidation and revenge.
"The Security Council strongly condemns the continued violations of international humanitarian law and the abuses of human rights by the LRA," it said in a statement.
"The Security Council condemns further the recruitment and use of children, killing and maiming, rape, sexual slavery and other sexual violence, and abductions," it said.
Kony's profile rose suddenly following a celebrity-backed campaign against him. A video about Kony posted on YouTube by a California filmmaker has been viewed by tens of millions of people and promoted on Twitter with the hashtag #Kony2012.
In a report released this month, U.N. chief Ban Ki-moon said the AU force lacked the necessary resources to "enable troops to mount effective operations against the LRA" and urged U.N. member states to provide what was needed.
The Security Council said it "recognizes the challenges the governments in the region face and urges the international community, in coordination with the AU and the U.N., to continue to strengthen the operational capabilities of countries participating in the regional taskforce initiative."
LRA violence has subsided since 2005 when the army was ejected from Uganda. Kony is now thought to command only hundreds of followers scattered in jungle hideouts.
The United Nations has said that Kony appears to be increasingly nervous as a result and has been changing his location every few days.
(Reporting by Michelle Nichols; Editing by Philip Barbara)

subset: commoncrawl


text:
August 2, 2015
HOUSTON (AP) - Oops.
A student driver in Houston passed his test, then crashed the car into the Texas Department of Public Safety building.
DPS spokesman Tom Vinger says nobody was hurt and Monday's accident is under investigation.
Vinger says the man was parking the car when the vehicle went over the curb and hit a wall of the brick building -- causing a slight hole.
Vinger says the driving examiner was not in the car.
The name of the driver wasn't immediately released.
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text:
Science Center Renovations
Turtles, oceans, electricity and space– For years, students and adults have been learning about those topics at the Francis Malcolm Science Center in Easton. But now the Science Center is in need of some renovations and as NewsSource 8's Kelly O'Mara explains, they're asking for the community's help.
And as part of the Community Block Grant application process, there will be a public hearing held Tuesday May 15th at 7 PM at the Science Center for anyone interested in finding out more information on the project.
Category: News


text:
The present invention concerns the use of an adsorbent material modified with polynuclear metal oxyhydroxides for the selective elimination of inorganic phosphate from liquids, in particular from body fluids containing protein such as whole blood, plasma, liquid contents of the intestine as well as from dialysis fluid, as well as a process for the production of a pharmaceutical agent for oral application for the selective removal of inorganic phosphate in which an adsorbent material used according to the present invention, as such or pressed into powder form, is coated with a layer resistant to gastric acid or dispensed into an acid-resistant capsule. In order to selectively eliminate inorganic phosphate in an extracorporeal perfusion system, a body fluid such as whole blood or plasma is passed over one of the adsorbent materials.
1. Method of treating hyperphosphatemia comprising administering to a subject which is in need thereof an aqueous insoluble composition comprising a polynuclear metal oxyhydroxide bound to an adsorbent base material, wherein the polynuclear metal oxyhydroxide is a polynuclear oxyhydroxide of iron, zirconium or aluminum.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said adsorbent base material comprises hydroxyl groups which are reactive with said polynuclear metal oxyhydroxide.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein said composition is a particulate solid.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein said composition has an average particle size of about 5 to 500 μm.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein said adsorbent base material comprises an aqueous insoluble polyhydroxy compound.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein said adsorbent base material comprises an at least partially aqueous soluble polyhydroxy compound.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein said adsorbent base material is at least one member selected from the group consisting of a silicate, silicon dioxide, glyceryl modified silica gel, glyceryl modified glass and a polymer.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein said polymer comprises a polysaccharide.
9. The method of claim 7 wherein said polymer is an organic polymer.
10. The method of claim 7 wherein said polymer is a cross-linked carbohydrate.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein said adsorbent base material is at least one member selected from the group consisting of agarose, dextran, dextrin, cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol.
12. The method of claim 1 wherein said administering is orally.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein said composition has an average particle size of about 5 to 200 microns.
14. The method of claim 1 wherein said polynuclear metal oxyhydroxide is Fe (III) oxyhydroxide.
15. The method of claim 1 wherein the iron content based on the dry weight of the composition is from about 6.3 to 29.3%.
16. The method of claim 1 wherein said composition has a phosphorus binding capacity based on the volume of a wet composition of up to 3.4 mg phosphorus per ml composition.
17. The method of claim 1 wherein said subject is a human.
This is a divisional of U.S. Ser. No. 08/720,925 filed Oct. 7, 1996, U.S. Pat. No. 5,846,426; which is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 08/452,397 filed May 26, 1995, abandoned, which is a divisional of U.S. Ser. No. 08/417,844 filed Apr. 6, 1995, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,514,281, which is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 08/153,567 filed Nov. 17, 1993, abandoned.
The invention concerns the selective elimination of inorganic phosphate from liquids, in particular from body fluids containing protein such as whole blood, plasma, liquid contents of the intestine as well as from dialysis fluid and the production of a pharmaceutical agent suitable for this.
It is well known that patients with chronic renal insufficiency can be successfully treated for years with the aid of dialysis (haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis; artificial kidney) and thus be kept alive for a long tire period. Substances usually eliminated with the urine are removed by the artificial kidney over a semipermeable membrane. The quality and quantity of substance transport in this process is determined by a number of factors such as the surface area, the structure and thickness of the dialysis membrane, the flow rates of the washing solution (dialysis fluid) and of the blood, the ultrafiltration rate, the duration of the dialysis treatment, the difference in concentration of the dialysable substances between blood and washing solution as well as the molecular size and form of the dialysable substances.
However, during the course of a long-term haemodialysis complications often occur which are characteristic for this group of patients. Thus renal osteopathy is one of the serious long-term complications. This disease not only considerably impairs the general state of health of the dialysis patient but he is additionally also threatened with invalidity. One component of this clinical picture is secondary hyperparathyroidism which is associated with uraemic hyperphosphataemia. The chronic accumulation of phosphate in dialysis patients leads to highly increased serum concentrations of inorganic phosphorus (more than 6 mg/dl) and is due to reduced phosphate clearance by the dialysis membrane.
A primary aim of prophylactic and therapeutic measures in patients with renal osteodystrophy is therefore to lower the level of serum phosphate below a threshold value of 1.8 mmol/l (5.6 mg phosphorus/dl). A dietary restriction of the phosphate intake and thereby an effective lowering of the level of serum phosphate is limited it not impossible in long-term therapy since there is the risk of an inadequate protein intake and thus of malnutrition. Thus for example on an average dietary phosphate intake of 3.8 to 4.7 g/day only about 1 g phosphate per day can be eliminated by dialysis (haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis). Thus the patients have an undesired positive phosphate balance despite the restriction (Hercz, G. et al., Kidney Int. Suppl. 22 (1987), 215-220).
For this reason phosphate binding agents that can be administered orally are preferably used as therapeutic agents which are intended to prevent the resorption of food phosphates in the gastrointestinal tract. Known substances with phosphate-binding properties are calcium salts (e.g. calcium acetate, calcium carbonate, calcium citrate, calcium alginate, calcium gluconate, calcium lactate and calcium sulfate), magnesium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide as well as aluminium hydroxide and aluminium carbonate. However, not all of these salts have gained therapeutic importance. Aluminium hydroxide (e.g. Antiphosphate®, Gry Pharma GmbH), calcium carbonate and calcium acetate (U.S. Pat. No. 4,870,105 (1989)) are in use. However, These agents for enteric phosphate restriction have undesired side effects. Thus when Al3+ compounds are administered chronically a microcytic anaemia or encephalopathy can develop with a very poor prognosis or osteopathies occur. Major disadvantages of a long-term therapy with calcium salts are the development of a pronounced hypercalcaemia which is associated with calcification of blood vessels and soft tissues and gastrointestinal complaints (Dialyse Journal 37 (1991), 1-40).
Apart from these salt-like phosphate binding agents, a macroporcus sorbent is known from DE 28 15 811 C2 (1978) which is characterized in that it is an organic cation exchanger which is loaded with ions of at least one metal whose phosphate is only poorly soluble. However, this sorbent is only suitable for removing phosphate from protein-free liquids (e.g. dialysis fluid) since when it is used in an extracorporeal system for the elimination of phosphate from whole blood or plasma it releases the ionically bound metal ions in an undesired manner (see comparative example 10).
In addition Burt, H. M. et al. (J. Pharm. Sci. 75 (1987), 379-383) describe anion exchangers based on DOWEX® which carry tertiary or quarternary amines as the functional group and adsorb inorganic phosphate in the intestinal tract. However, it is known that strongly basic anion exchangers such as for example cholestyramine (Johns, W. H., Bates, T. R., J. Pharm. Sci. 59 (1970), 788 ff.) also undesirably bind bile acids and hence their long-term use leads to hypovitaminosis.
An object of the present invention is therefore to provide adsorber materials which are improved compared to the state of the art and allow a selective removal of inorganic phosphate, which generally occurs in the form of HPO4 2- and H2 PO4 -, from aqueous liquids and in particular from body fluids containing protein such as for example whole blood, plasma and intestinal contents. In this process the other components of the liquid to be treated should not interact with the adsorbent materials in an undesirable or damaging manner for the patient. In addition the binding capacity of the adsorbent for phosphate should satisfy optimal practical (therapeutic) requirements and it must be possible to sterilize the adsorbent material with heat or/and gamma rays.
This object is achieved according to the present invention by using an adsorbent material modified with polynuclear metal oxyhydroxides for the selective elimination of inorganic phosphate from liquids, in particular from body fluids containing protein such as whole blood, plasma, liquid contents of the intestine as well as from dialysis fluid.
Adsorbent materials modified with polynuclear metal oxyhydroxides are known. The production of non-porous agarose particles coated with polynuclear metal oxyhydroxides is described in the Journal of Chromatography, Volume 481 (1989), 175-199, S. Hjerten and coauthors. However, the authors only use these particles as chromatographic support materials for the analytical separation of protein mixtures. For this purpose the metal oxyhydroxide-coated agarose particles are equilibrated with a phosphate solution and by this means are converted into the metal oxyhydroxide-phosphate species necessary for the desired separation efficiency. It does not teach a therapeutic application for these adsorbent materials.
The use of polynuclear iron(III) oxyhydroxide-polyol complexes as aqueous solutions in veterinary medicine for parenteral therapy of iron deficiency is also known. The production and structure of such macromolecular iron(III) oxyhydroxide complexes is described by A. Muller ("Arzneimittelforschung, Vol. 8 (1967), 921-931). A therapeutic application for the selective removal of inorganic phosphate from body fluids is not proposed.
In contrast to using anion or cation exchangers which are already known and are mentioned above, the use of adsorbent materials according to the present invention has the surprising advantage that they bind inorganic phosphate with high affinity. The elimination of phosphate is therefore independent of their concentration in the liquid to be treated (examples 5, 6, 8, 9). This property is of particular advantage for medical purposes since this enables a controlled and therapeutically adequate elimination of inorganic phosphate which could previously not be carried out.
In the production of adsorbent materials modified with polynuclear metal oxyhydroxides for the application according to the present invention one must take care that oxygen bridges are formed between different metal atoms. For this purpose either firstly the polynuclear metal oxyhydroxide can be prepared and then linked to the base material or it is preferably prepared on the base material itself and namely by impregnating the base material with a suspension, or particularly preferably a solution, of a suitable metal salt and subsequently increasing the pH value to strongly alkaline conditions (pH≧10), if desired, while heating. The production of water-soluble iron-dextran is described for example in U.S. Pat. No. 4,927,756. All supports suitable according to the present invention can be produced in an analogous manner. It is important for the stable binding of the metal to the base material that there are sufficient free reactive groups located on it which are preferably organic or/and inorganic OH groups.
Any porous base material can be used as the starting material for the production of support materials modified with polynuclear oxyhydroxides. However, it is preferable to use supports which have organic or/and inorganic hydroxyl groups (OH groups). Thus or example organic supports such as cross-linked carbohydrates, organic polymers or copolymers, natural, semisynthetic or synthetic linear or/and branch-chained, soluble or insoluble polyhydroxyl compounds e.g. agarose, dextran, dextrin, cellulose or/and polyvinyl alcohol can be used as the base material. Specific examples are Trisacryl GF (cross-linked N-acryloyl-2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol; LKB Produkter AB Co., Bromma, Sweden), TSK gels (copolymers of ethylene glycol, glycidylmethacrylate and pentaerythritoldimethacrylate, e.g. TSK HW 65; E. Merck Co. Darmstadt), cross-linked agarose (e.g. Sepharose; Pharmacia Co., Uppsala, Sweden), cellulose gels (e.g. Sephacel, Pharmacia Co., Uppsala, Sweden). On the other hand one can also use inorganic supports, in particular those based on silicon dioxide or/and silicates such as glyceryl-modified glasses (e.g. Bioran®-CPG, OH modification; Schott Glaswerke Co., Mainz) and glyceryl-modified silica gels (e.g. LiChroprep-Diol, E. Merck Co., Darmstadt).
The following are preferably used according to the present invention: a saponified copolymer of vinyl acetate and divinylethylene urea (VA-hydroxy Biosynth®, Riedel de Haen Co., Seelze) (example 2), copolymers of the Lewatit R series (e.g. Lewatit R 249-K; Bayer AG Co., Leverkusen) (example 3) and inorganic (silica gel, glasses) or organic porous supports modified with dextran (molecular weight: 5×103 -5×106 Daltons) according to methods known to a person skilled in the art.
Particularly preferred starting materials are dextran gels (example 1) such as products of the Dormagel N® series (Pfeiffer & Langen Co., Dormagen) which have an average molecular exclusion limit of 102 to 106, preferably less than 104 Daltons. Coupling to dextran can for example be carried out according to the methods described in Affinity Chromatography, IRL Press, Oxford (1985).
The base material for the modified adsorbent material is preferably a porous particulate substance which has an average particle size of between 5 and 500 μm.
A large number of metals are suitable for use as polynuclear metal oxyhydroxides such as all transition metals such as zirconium and also aluminium. However, iron is used as a particularly preferred metal since, should a small release of the metal occur, iron is the one metal which may be regarded as being least harmful for the body. Therefore trivalent iron is most preferred as the metal for physiological reasons although other metals can also be used based on their binding properties with regard to inorganic phosphate.
A surprising feature of the adsorbent materials used according to the present invention is that the polynuclear metal oxyhydroxide or metal ion covalently or coordinatively bound to the support and in particular the preferably used iron(III) compound is not released by them to a significant extent even when they are contacted with liquids containing protein such as for example whole blood and/or plasma (see examples 7 and 10) and thus they do not cause any undesired side-effects such as a disturbance of enteric iron resorption or of cellular and in particular of erythrocytic iron metabolism in a therapeutic extracorporeal or/and oral application according to the present invention.
Moreover the adsorbent materials used according to the present invention do not interact in an undesirable manner with the other components of body fluids and for example do not cause an activation of the coagulation system or an haemolysis when contacted with whole blood (examples 7, 8). Adsorbent materials used according to the present invention are therefore suitable in a particularly advantageous manner for the selective elimination of inorganic phosphate from body fluids such as plasma or/and whole blood in an extracorporeal perfusion system in the case of hyperphosphataemia caused by dialysis or from dialysis fluid. This whole blood compatibility is of great interest from a medical and therapeutic point of view since this enables the elimination of phosphate concurrently with haemodialysis treatment (example 9). This therefore obviates the need for expensive and complex devices for separating and returning erythrocytes and a substantial simplification and reduction in the cost of the method is achieved. Supporting materials with an average particle diameter of 100 to 500 μm, particularly preferably 200 to 500 μm, are preferably used in an extracorporeal perfusion system for the application according to the present invention.
Thus the present invention also concerns a process for the selective elimination of inorganic phosphate from body fluids such as whole blood or/and plasma in an extracorporeal perfusion system or from dialysis fluid which is characterized in that the liquid to be treated is passed over an adsorbent material modified with a polynuclear metal oxyhydroxide preferably Fe(III) oxyhydroxide.
Accordingly the present invention also in addition concerns a device for the medical-therapeutic extracorporeal removal of inorganic phosphate from aqueous liquids, in particular from dialysis fluid, whole blood or/and plasma. This device comprises a preferably cylindrical housing provided with an inlet and outlet which is filled with an adsorbent material modified with polynuclear metal oxyhydroxides. The front ends of the housing are preferably provided with caps which each have a central inlet and outlet tube (example 9). It is particularly preferable that this cylindrical housing has a diameter of 3 to 20 cm, preferably 5 to 10 cm and a length of 1 to 40 cm, preferably 10 to 20 cm. The preferred material for the housing is glass or plastic.
Sieves with a pore size of 10 to 300 μm are integrated into this device according to the present invention and preferably in the caps of the cylindrical housing to eliminate particles. The device according to the present invention can be sterilized in a package by means of radiation (e.g. gamma rays) or by heat (example 4) and is thus particularly suitable for use in an extracorporeal perfusion system or/and for the purification of dialysis fluid.
A further embodiment of the invention concerns the use of the adsorbent materials in the form of oral preparations for the enteric adsorption or elimination of inorganic phosphate. Particularly advantageous features for an oral form of administration have proven to be the irreversible binding property and binding capacity which can thus be easily controlled via the dose, the neutral taste and the simple galenic formulation. For this purpose the adsorbent materials used according to the present invention, with a particle size of 5 to 200 μm, preferably 5 to 20 μm or/and pressed as a powder using methods known to a person skilled in the art, are coated with a layer resistant to gastric acid (e.g. Eudragit L 30 D, Rohm Pharma Co., Weiterstadt) or dispensed into acid-resistant capsules.
Thus the present invention also concerns a process for the production of a pharmaceutical agent for oral administration for the selective removal of inorganic phosphate which is characterized in that an adsorbent material modified with polynuclear metal hydroxides, as such or pressed into a powder form, is coated with a layer resistant to gastric acid or dispensed into an acid-resistant capsule.
For the oral application according to the present invention support materials are preferably used with an average particle diameter of 5 to 200 μm, preferably 5 to 20 μm.
For the oral use according to the present invention of polynuclear metal oxyhydroxide-polyol complexes it is also possible to use the corresponding polyol structural elements of the cross-linked polysaccharide support such as for example agarose, dextran, dextrin, detran derivatives, cellulose and cellulose derivatives. Comparable preparations are commercially available as iron(III) compounds and are used as anti-anaemia agents in iron deficiency (e.g. Dormafer®, Ferrum-Hausmann®). The soluble metal oxyhydroxide-polyol complexes are able to adsorb phosphate or phosphorus from aqueous phosphate solutions as well as from standardized intestinal contents in a quantitative and irreversible manner (examples 11 and 12). The metal is not released in the intestine to a significant extent.
For oral in vivo application the soluble metal oxyhydroxide-polyol complexes are encapsulated or provided with an acid-resistant coating so that an undesired release of iron(III) ions by the acidic gastric juice cannot take place. Furthermore for in vivo application the α 1-4 glycosidic bonds and α 1-6 glycosidic bonds in support materials based on carbohydrates are modified by reaction with the metal oxyhydroxide in order to avoid an undesired enzymatic degradation.
The chemical modification of the aforementioned adsorbents is exemplified by the preferred embodiment using iron(III) salts (see production examples 1-3): trivalent iron as a central atom coordinatively binds six water molecules in aqueous solution. One or several of these water molecules are exchanged under strongly alkaline conditions (pH greater than 10) for a functional OH group of the support material. This process leads to the coordinative binding of iron(III)-aquo complexes onto the support surface. In addition the strongly alkaline environment favours the deprotonation of the water coordinatively bound to the central iron atom. The deprotonated water molecules then form O2- bridges between two neighbouring central iron atoms. This process leads to a three dimensional linking of the iron-aquo complexes. A network of polynuclear (multinuclear) iron(III) oxyhydroxide complexes bound to the support surface is formed.
The present invention is elucidated in more detail by the following examples in conjunction with FIGS. 1 and 2.
FIG. 1 shows a diagram of an apparatus for removing inorganic phosphate from human blood.
FIG. 2 shows the elimination of inorganic phosphate by soluble metal oxyhydroxide-polyol complexes from aqueous phosphate solutions.
Synthesis of dextran-iron(III) complex supports
40 g dried dextran support (Pfeiffer & Langen Co. Dormagel N®25 C) is added to 200 ml iron(III) chloride solution (Merck, Darmstadt, 100 g FeCl3 ×6H2 O adjusted to 200 ml volume with redistilled water, corresponds to a 50% solution) while stirring (paddle mixer 75 rpm). The suspension is subjected to a swelling process for ca. 12 hours, subsequently the mixture is placed in 2 l 0.7 N sodium hydroxide solution while stirring vigorously (paddle mixer 500 rpm). After stirring for 15 min it is rinsed with deionized water until the pH is 9. After a 5 minute ultrasonic treatment it is again rinsed with deionized water until a pH value of 7.5 is achieved.
The content of iron and iron(III) oxyhydroxide complexes in the support materials is determined by means of atomic absorption spectroscopy or emission spectroscopy with inductively coupled plasma.
The iron content of the supports can be altered in a specific and reproducible manner via the amount of iron(III) chloride or/and the number of cycles according to the above synthesis instructions (see Table 1).
TABLE 1______________________________________Iron content in relation to dry weight Fe content (%)______________________________________Single cycle 15.7Two cycles 25.5Three cycles 29.3______________________________________
Synthesis of vinyl acetate copolymer-iron(III) complex supports
10 g dried vinyl acetate-hydroxycopolymer support (Biosynth; Riedel de Haen) is mixed with 20 ml of a 50% (w/w) iron (III) hexahydrate solution (Merck, Darmstadt) while stirring manually. The swelling process of the suspension takes a total of ca. 1 hour, and subsequently the synthesis mixture is subjected to a 5 minute ultrasonic treatment. The mixture is placed in 200 ml 1 N sodium hydroxide solution while stirring vigorously (paddle mixer, 500 rpm). Subsequently the iron(III) oxyhydroxide-modified support is rinsed with deionized water until a pH value of 9 is achieved, again treated with ultrasound (5 min) and adjusted to a pH value of 7.5 by rinsing with deionized water.
The content of iron(III) is 17% (determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy).
Synthesis of divinylbenzene copolymer-iron(III) complex support
50 g dried divinylbenzene copolymer (Lewatit R 1836/249/257-260, Bayer Co., Leverkusen) is converted into the hydroxide-activated form (shake for two hours with a two-fold "batch volume" of 96% ethanol (Merck Co., Darmstadt), after filtration add a two-fold "batch volume" of 2 N sulphuric acid (Merck co., Darmstadt) and wash after filtration). 50 g iron(III) chloride hexahydrate and 5 ml redistilled water are added to the hydroxy-activated support (50 g) and stirred manually until it is homogeneous. After a 5 minute ultrasonic treatment, the suspension is placed in 750 ml 1 N sodium hydroxide solution. After stirring for 15 minutes (paddle mixer 500 rpm), the support is rinsed with deionized water until pH 9 is achieved, treated with ultrasound (5 min) and again rinsed until a pH of 7.5 is achieved.
The iron(III) content of the supports is between 6.4 and 10% iron (measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy) depending on the species.
Sterilization of support materials modified with iron(III) oxyhydroxide
1. Dextran-iron(III) complex support (DI)
2. Vinyl acetate copolymer-iron(III) complex support (VA)
3. Divinylbenzene copolymer-iron(III) complex support (DVB type 260)
After synthesis the adsorber materials 1-3 are adjusted to 50 ml volume in a measuring cylinder and subsequently transferred with 100 ml water into a glass bottle which can be sealed with a rubber stopper and sterilized under F015 heat sterilization conditions.
In parallel the adsorber materials are dried in a drying cupboard at 60° C., sealed in aluminium foil under vacuum and also heat-sterilized under F015 conditions.
The iron content is checked before and after sterilization. The results are shown in Table 2. In none of the cases is the iron content of the supports influenced by the sterilization process.
TABLE 2______________________________________Iron content of the support materials before and after sterilizationIron Content (%) in Relation to Dry Weight Before After sterilization sterilization Before After aqueous aqueous sterilization sterilizationAdsorbent product product dry product dry product______________________________________1 20.1 20.1 20 19.92 17.3 17.2 17.3 17.43 6.4 6.2 6.3 6.3______________________________________
Binding capacity of the support materials according to examples 1-3 for inorganic phosphate from an aqueous phosphate solution and from dialysis fluid containing phosphate
1. Dextran-iron(III) complex support (DI)
2. Vinyl acetate copolymer-iron(III) complex support (VA)
3. Ester-modified divinylbenzene copolymer-iron(III) complex support (DVB type 260)
Experimental procedure:
A. Aqueous phosphate solution (10 mg phosphorus/100 ml) Preparation:
5.8 g/l NaCl=100 mmol/l
0.29 g/l KCl=4 mmol/l
0.07 g/l Na2 SO4 =0.5 mmol/l
0.28 g/l Na2 HPO4 ×2H2 O=1.6 mmol/l
0.24 g/l NaH2 PO4 ×2H2 O=1.6 mmol/l
B: Dialysis fluid: HDY 314 (B. Braun Melsungen AG) admixed with 1.6 mmol Na2 HPO4 ×2H2 O and 1.6 mmol NaH2 PO4 ×2H2 O.
The adsorber materials (1-3) are washed with redistilled water over a G3 nutsch filter, poured into a chromatography column (Biorad 120 mm×10 mm) and subsequently equilibrated with 300 ml 50 mmol/l Tris-HCl pH 7.4 (column bed volume: 3 ml).
350 ml of solutions A or B are applied to the column at room temperature and pumped through the column (volume flow 1 ml/min). After 4 ml preeluate, fractions of 10 ml each were collected and their phosphate and phosphorus content was determined by means of a photometric phosphorus-molybdenum test.
The phosphate binding capacity in % is calculated from: ##EQU1##
TABLE 3______________________________________Phosphate binding of the adsorbents mg mgAdsorbent (%) phosphate/ml phosphorus/ml mmol phosphate/ml______________________________________aqueous phosphate solution (A)1 22 7.58 2.52 0.0812 19 6.65 2.21 0.0713 6 2.1 0.71 0.022Dialysis fluid containing phosphate (B)1 21 7.35 2.45 0.0792 19 6.65 2.21 0.0713 7 2.45 0.81 0.026______________________________________ Conversion factor: mg phosphorus into mg phosphate = 3.161
Binding capacity of the support materials for inorganic phosphate from human plasma
1. Dextran-iron(III) complex support (DI)
2. Vinyl acetate copolymer-iron(III) complex support (VA)
3. Divinylbenzene copolymer-iron(III) complex support (DVB type 260)
4. Divinylbenzene copolymer-iron(III) complex support (DVB type 1836/88, particle size distribution 100-250 μm)
5. Divinylbenzene copolymer-iron(III) complex support (DVB type R 249, particle size distribution 200-500 μm)
Experimental procedure:
Analogous to example 5. 100 ml human plasma are stabilized with 3 units Na heparin (B. Braun Melsungen AG) per ml and pumped over the column. The phosphate adsorption capacities of the support species used are listed in Table 4.
TABLE 4______________________________________Binding capacity for phosphate from human plasmaAdsorbent % mg phosphorus/ml mmol phosphate/ml______________________________________1 56 2.1 0.067DI2 65 2.4 0.077VA3 26 1.0 0.032type 2604 90 3.4 0.109type 1836/885 50 1.9 0.061type 249______________________________________ Conversion factor: mg phosphorus into mg phosphate = 3.161
Selectivity of the adsorbents with regard to the elimination of inorganic phosphate from human plasma
1. Dextran-iron(III) complex support (DI)
2. Divinylbenzene copolymer-iron(III) complex support (DVB type R 249)
Experimental procedure:
Analogous to example 6. After a dead volume of 4 ml, 10 eluate fractions each of 10 ml are collected for analysis which are then examined for parameters of human plasma which are relevant to clinical chemistry.
The results of this experiment are shown in Table 5 for adsorbent 1 and in Table 6 for adsorbent 4.
TABLE 5__________________________________________________________________________Clinical-chemical parameters before and after column passage of humanplasmaover a dextran-iron(III) complex support (DI N25; according to example1)Parameter E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8 E9 E10 Init. Conc.__________________________________________________________________________Magnesium 1.76 1.85 1.92 1.94 1.93 1.95 1.94 1.99 1.96 1.96 1.99 mg/dlPhosphorus 0.9 1.7 2.2 2.6 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.3 mg/dlSodium 143.4 143.7 143.0 143.7 143.0 144.0 143.8 143.7 143.5 144.5 143.7 mmol/lPotassium 3.44 3.51 3.52 3.54 3.52 3.54 3.52 3.52 3.51 3.54 3.52 mmol/lCalcium 1.64 1.91 1.98 2.02 2.06 2.05 2.07 2.09 2.09 2.08 2.18 mmol/lChloride 106.8 105.8 105.7 106.5 106.0 106.5 106.3 106.5 106.3 106.5 105.8 mmol/lIron 98 99 98 98 98 97 98 98 98 98 96 μg/dlFerritin 302.6 248.8 295.9 247.0 233.0 298.2 259.4 259.4 256.4 297.5 275.3 ng/mlTransferrin 279 277 282 281 273 280 281 274 251 276 283 mg/dlTotal Protein 7.33 7.58 7.46 7.49 7.45 7.41 7.54 7.51 7.42 7.53 7.56 g/dlCreatinine 0.87 0.92 0.93 0.91 0.92 0.94 0.93 0.94 0.91 0.94 0.90 mg/dlAlbumin 3890 4110 3520 3700 3800 3940 3630 4030 3730 3720 3870 mg/dlIgG 1190 1270 1300 1360 1300 1250 1330 1260 1310 1300 1260 mg/dlIgA 296 295 262 297 306 302 308 312 312 307 312 mg/dlIgM 114 119 118 121 114 126 119 115 122 114 122 mg/dl__________________________________________________________________________ E1-E10 = eluate 1 - eluate 10 Init. = initial value Conc. = concentration Conversion factor: mg phosphorus into mg phosphate = 3.161
TABLE 6__________________________________________________________________________Clinical-chemical parameters before and after column passage of humanplasma overa divinylbenzene-iron(III) complex support (DVB type R 249; according toexample 3).Magnesium 0.17 0.17 0.24 0.38 0.56 0.80 0.99 1.22 1.35 1.454 1.99 mg/dlPhosporus 0.2 0.3 0.8 1.4 2.0 2.5 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.3 mg/dlSodium 142.7 142.8 142.3 143.1 143.7 143.8 143.0 143.5 144.2 143.1 143.7 mmol/lPotassium 3.23 3.50 3.48 3.52 3.53 3.54 3.51 3.53 3.54 3.50 3.52 mmol/lCalcium 2.57 2.59 2.5 2.49 5.48 2.49 2.46 2.39 2.63 2.33 2.18 mmol/lChloride 106.2 105.8 105.3 106.1 106.2 106.2 106.3 105.3 106.5 105.9 105.8 mmol/lIron 99 100 99 99 100 99 98 98 99 100 96 μg/dlFerritin 267.1 322.5 285.8 260.0 329.6 304.7 322.8 249.1 269.0 315.8 275.3 ng/mlTransferrin 277 294 293 277 266 287 255 269 278 281 283 mg/dlTotal Protein 7.31 7.39 7.39 7.41 7.39 7.45 7.51 7.45 7.57 7.47 7.56 g/dlCreatinine 0.90 0.90 0.86 0.91 0.89 0.90 0.89 0.91 0.94 0.90 0.90 mg/dl__________________________________________________________________________ E1-E10 = eluate 1 - eluate 10 Init. = initial value Conc. = concentration Conversion factor: mg phosphorus into mg phosphate = 3.161
Blood compatability--haemocompatability of the adsorbents
1. Dextran-iron(III) complex support (DI N25c; according to example 1)
Experimental procedure:
Phosphate elimination from heparinized whole blood
A 35 ml cartridge which is provided at both ends with a 100 μm filler is packed with adsorbent 1, rinsed with redistilled water (500 ml) and subsequently with Ringer's solution (5 IU/ml Na heparin, B. Braun Melsungen). Afterwards freshly collected heparinized whole blood (4 IU/ml heparin) is passed through the cartridge at a flow rate of 20 ml/min (530 ml) by hydrostatic pressure and 12 fractions each of 45 ml are collected and their blood counts are examined. The results of this experiment are shown in tables 7, 8 and 9.
TABLE 7__________________________________________________________________________Blood count (automatic cell counting) InitialFraction (45 ml) 2 4 6 8 10 Values Dimension__________________________________________________________________________Leucocytes 5.2 5.5 5.4 4.9 5.1 6.5 109 /lLymphocytes 61.5 59.4 60.1 65.6 62.8 63.4 %Monocytes 3.9 4.1 4.2 3.8 4.9 3.9 %Eosinophils 6.1 6.8 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.2 %Basophils 0.3 0.0 0.0 2.8 0.1 0.2 %Erythrocytes 4.51 4.54 4.47 4.50 4.51 4.25 103 /lHemoglobin 15.2 15.3 15.3 15.3 15.3 14.3 g/dlHematocrit 43.1 43.1 43.8 42.5 43.1 40.7 %Mean Corpuscular 95.5 96.3 95.0 95.7 95.4 95.7 flVolume (MCV)Mean Corpuscular 35.7 33.8 34.1 34.0 34.0 33.6 pgHemoglobin (MCH)Mean Corpuscular 35.3 35.0 35.9 35.5 35.6 35.0 g/dlHemoglobinConcentration (MCHC)Thrombocytes 122 122 134 89 91 226 109 /lMean Thrombocyte 8.3 8.2 8.3 8.0 8.2 8.6 flVolumeFree Hemoglobin 1.95 2.01 2.19 2.20 2.15 1.55 mg/dl__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 8______________________________________Differential blood smear Initial value Fraction 4 Dimension______________________________________Lymphocytes 71 74 %Monocytes 1 4 %Eosinophils 4 3 %Basophils 5 1 %Stab cells 0 2 %Polymorphs 19 16 %______________________________________
TABLE 9______________________________________Group test for plastic coagulation Initial value Fraction 4 Dimension______________________________________Fibrinogen 376 370 mg/dlplasminogen 119 118 %antithrombin II 105 102 %partial thromboplastin 33 37 sec.time (PTT)thromboplastin time 100 100 %(Quick value)______________________________________
A comparison of the parameters before and after contacting the plasma or blood with the adsorbent material according to the present invention shows that the coagulation system is not influenced in an undesirable manner by the treatment.
In vitro circulation experiment of human blood over a pump-driven cartridge system
The aim of the experiment is to examine the capacity to withstand hydraulic loads and pressure behaviour of human blood which has been recirculated several times over a cartridge filled with the phosphate adsorber according to the present invention as described in examples 1 and 2.
1. Dextran-iron(III) complex support (DI)
2. Vinyl acetate copolymer-iron(III) complex support (VA)
Experimental procedure:
A cylindrical capsule (diameter 55 mm, volume 28 ml with an integrated sieve fabric--pore size 92 μm) is in each case loaded with heat-sterilized adsorbent 1 or 2 and equilibrated with 1.5 l 50 mmol/l Tris-HCl buffer pH 7.4 (50 ml/min, 20 mm Hg). After rinsing the system with 1.5 l physiological saline, 350 ml human blood, to which 6 units Na heparin (B. Braun Melsungen AG) per ml have been added, is fed into the circulation process (see sketch 1). The entire added blood volume is in each case continuously pumped over the cartridge and through the tubing system at a volume flow of 50 ml/min in exchange cycles until haemolysis occurs. The sampling (1 ml human blood) is carried out via a three way tap (see FIG. 1) after each exchange cycle.
The collected blood fractions are examined for their phosphate content as well as for their haemolysis activity. The results of the experiment are shown in Table 10. After 5 or 25 exchange cycles the values for the eluates exceed the limit for haemodialysis (DIN 58352) of an absorbance of A≧0.03. Adsorbent 2 has a particle-size distribution of 50-200 μm which proves to be disadvantageous for the capacity to withstand hydraulic loads and for the pressure behaviour of human blood.
TABLE 10______________________________________Circulation experiment with human blood Phosphate Number of exchange adsorption Pressure cycles until haemolysisMaterial (%) mm Hg occurs______________________________________Adsorbent 1:dextran support 90 44 25150-300 μmAdsorbent 2:VA support 90 50 550-200 μm______________________________________
Comparative investigation of the release of iron(III) ions from adsorbent materials by liquids containing protein
1. according to example 1
2. iminodiacetic acid cation exchanger loaded with iron(III) (Lewatit R 251 K, Bayer AG Co. Leverkusen) according to the state of the art
The copolymer of styrene and divinylbenzene functionalized with iminodiacetic acid corresponds to adsorbent No. 1 in DE 28 15 811. The cation exchanger was firstly converted into the H+ form with 1 N HCl, saturated with a 50 mmol/l iron(III) chloride solution and subsequently washed with redistilled water.
Experimental procedure:
10 ml human serum is applied to a column packed with the respective absorbent (2 ml column bed volume) and equilibrated with Ringer's solution. The first 1 ml fraction is discarded (dilution effects) and the content of iron is determined in the remaining 1 ml fractions.
TABLE 11______________________________________Release of iron(III) ions Adsorbent 1 Adsorbent 2______________________________________Iron (μg/100 ml) initial value 60 60Iron (μg/100 ml) fraction 1 56 165 2 62 170 3 65 183 4 60 198 5 63 202 6 66 214 7 59 225 8 66 245 9 65 274______________________________________
The values obtained clearly show an undesired release of iron(III) ions by serum proteins when using an adsorbent according to DE 28 15 811 whereas no significant release of iron(III) ions takes place with the adsorbent according to the present invention.
Elimination of inorganic phosphate by soluble metal oxyhydroxide/polyol complexes from aqueous phosphate solutions
1. Ferrum® juice (Hausmann Co. St. Gallen) (HS)
2. Dormapher® solution (Pfeiffer-Langen, Dormagen) (PL)
Experimental procedure:
Aqueous phosphate solution (10 mg phosphorus/100 ml)
5.8 g/l NaCl=100 mmol/l
0.29 g/l KCl=4 mmol/l
0.07 g/l Na2 SO4 =0.5 mmol/l
0.28 g/l Na2 HPO4 ×2H2 O=1.6 mmol/l
0.24 g/l NaH2 PO4 ×2H2 O=1.6 mmol/l
40 ml of each adsorbent 1 and 2 is in each case loaded into an ultrafiltration unit (stirred cell 8200/Amicon, pressure 3 bar) and the above phosphate solution is added continuously. The metal oxyhydroxide-polyol complexes which adsorb the phosphate ions are retained by the membrane (Filtron Omega NM BL 3K). The eluted solution is collected in 10 ml fractions after 40 ml preeluate and their phosphate/phosphorus concentration is determined according to example 5. FIG. 2 shows the elimination of inorganic phosphate achieved by soluble metal oxyhydroxide/polyol complexes from aqueous phosphate solutions.
Binding capacity of soluble metal oxyhydroxide-polyol complexes for inorganic phosphate from standardized intestinal contents
1. Ferrum® juice (Hausmann Co., St. Gallen) (HS)
2. Ferrum® drops (Hausmann Co., St. Gallen) (HT)
3. Dormapher® solution (Pfeiffer-Langen Co., Dormagen (PL)
Experimental procedure:
Standardized intestinal contents
6.8 g/l KH2 PO4 =50 mmol/l
10 g/l pancreatin
pH 7.5
50 ml of each of the adsorbents 1-3 is mixed in each case with 1 liter of the above solution, poured into dialysis tubes (NMWL 1K Spetropor), dialysed for 72 hours against water and the phosphate/phosphorus concentration in the dialysate is determined according to example 5.
TABLE 12______________________________________Phosphorus adsorption by soluble metal oxyhydroxide-polyol complexes from standardized intestinal contents amount of bound amount of boundAdsorbent phosphate (mg) phosphorus (mg)/ml adsorbent______________________________________1 (HS) 6 0.122 (HT) 38 0.763 (PL) 16.5 0.33______________________________________
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text: Containing two stories: "The Cabal" and "Closure." In "The Cabal," Cobra Commander's schemes catch up with him when three criminal organizations - the Russian Mafia, the Yakuza, and a Middle Eastern tyrant - team up to track him down. In "Closure," Storm-Shadow breaks free of Cobra's control and calls his ninja allies for help- Snake Eyes, Billy and Kamakura. Includes the new "silent issue," a chapter told entirely with pictures (a tradition in G.I. Joe comics leading back to the original comics in the 1980s.)


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Congratulations to our winner…Kristin!
Here are your random numbers:
Timestamp: 2009-12-09 12:38:33 UTC
More fabulous news! If you're dying to order a Sondra Roberts bag RIGHT NOW use code idea-ware to get 25% off your entire order through the end of December.
Great news! This giveaway is a Prizey pick! Thanks to Prizey for recognizing what a great giveaway this is and welcome to everyone from Prizey – good luck!
I am an absolute handbag snob. I believe if a woman invests in a gorgeous leather handbag, she will always look polished and pulled together. You can scrimp and save on the trendy pieces, but a timeless handbag is always a worthwhile purchase.
Sondra Roberts has a great line of leather handbags, totes, clutches, and wallets to complete your wardrobe that are all very reasonably priced! Sondra Roberts has been making stylish and affordable handbags for 30 years and knows how to incorporate versatility, functionality, and quality into every piece.
I've been carrying the Nappa Satchel in Taupe all this week and the neutral color has looked fantastic with everything I've worn. The handles fit comfortably over my shoulder and there's lots of pockets to keep everything organized.
One of you will also be stylin' with the Nappa Satchel because Sondra Roberts have given me one to give away! This bag retails for over $100 and is a nice way to treat yourself this holiday season!
Main entry – that means you have to complete this entry to win!
- Visit Sondra Roberts and tell me your favorite handbag.
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This is a sponsored giveaway. I received product samples in order to craft my review. Thank you to Buzz Cooperative and Sondra Roberts for sponsoring this review and giveaway! Please read my site policy if you have any questions.


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It's Your Business: Average gas price up 9 cents in Naples
Average retail gasoline prices in Naples rose 9.3 cents per gallon in the past week, averaging $3.61 a gallon Sunday.
GasBuddy released the information from its survey of 94 gas outlets in Naples. This compares with the national average that increased 14.4 cents per gallon in the past week to $3.48 a gallon, according to gasoline price website GasBuddy.com.
Prices on Sunday were 6.5 cents per gallon lower than the same day one year ago and are 16 cents per gallon higher than a month ago. The national average has increased 21.1 cents per gallon during the past month and stands 4.4 cents per gallon higher than this day one year ago.
GasBuddy operates NaplesGasPrices.com and more than 250 similar websites that track gasoline prices at more than 140,000 gasoline stations in the U.S. and Canada.
Prince joins Shamrock Bank
Kerry Prince has joined Shamrock Bank of Florida as vice president, enterprise risk officer.
A Titusville native, Kerry has 10 years' experience in the banking industry and received his bachelor's degree in public financial accounting from the University of Central Florida.
Shamrock Bank of Florida is a locally owned bank, with locations in Naples and Ave Maria.
Tavira at Bonita Bay's closed sales increase in 2012
Tavira at Bonita Bay, a 26-story luxury high rise, reported total closed sales of $36.6 million in 2012, an increase of nearly 12 percent from 2011. The total number of residences sold in 2012 exceeded 2011 by 15 percent.
Tavira is the sixth high-rise in Bonita Bay developed by the Lutgert Cos. Information: www.BonitaBayHighRises.com and 239-495-1105.
Bank hosts shredding event
IberiaBank will provide document shredding services from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. Feb. 23 at 605 Bald Eagle Drive, Marco Island.
Residents and small business owners are invited to dispose of old bank statements, checks, contracts, junk mail and other documents in a safe and secure manner.
A $2 donation is requested per box with all proceeds benefiting the Marco Island Big Flag maintenance account. Information: www.iberiabank.com
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34 35th St., Unit 26, Brooklyn, NY, 11232
From a distance
Shared by reBlog @ Eyebeam
The DISTANCE festival in London took place 19th - 20th June 2010 at Stoke Newington International Airport. It was two days of art and performance featuring 40 artists, scientists and thinkers crossing borders and disciplines to interrogate the multiple perspectives of distance.
Distance has always been a part of our lives. Now, more than ever, we are expected to negotiate the complexities of near and far. From conquistador to ryanair to Skype to pilgrimage to chatroom to your neighbour's front door, a multitude of choices now affect how we experience and engage with people and places across the world and across the street. As technology offers instant presence and lifestyle choices increase in complexity, what are our relationships to distance? How do we live with absence, intimacy and speed? When do we desire to close the gap and when do we need to create it?
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Board of Directors
Biography for Britney Thew
Britney Thew
Director of Communications
Britney Thew
Director of Communications
|"Developing the Potential of Women" is a one of the initial reasons why I joined JLSP. For me, it meant that the Junior League of Saint Paul is an environment for me to grow and learn what I am able to achieve from idea to execution. Now, in my role as a Board Member, my perspective of the mission statement has evolved. Now in this leadership role, I think it is my responsibility to build relationships and be an adviser for the women of my council to enhance their success with JLSP. Our council's role in Marketing and Social Media is creative and free thinking. There are no absolutes or steadfast deadlines as there are with planning an event or with our community service program. This type of role is unlike any collaboration I've encountered professionally, as well. It will be a challenge for me; that is why I'm very excited for this year to create new ideas to promote JLSP and our mission!


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Sherwood Ross: In passing TANF, Congress and Bill Clinton made good on their promise to 'end welfare as we know it.' It's time to end welfare reform as we know it instead.
The Catering Doula
When my daughter told me she was planning the birth of my soon to arrive grandchild, I expected her to tell me that she was going to use a mid-wife but she told me no, she was going the conventional route. She planned to deliver in a hospital with a doctor, the way all of the women in my family have done for the past 100 years except that she was going to use — here's the new term — a "doula".


text:
|Matthew Dillon <dillon@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
|Thu, 30 Sep 2010 21:26:21 -0700 (PDT)
HAMMER won't translate PFS softlinks from any PFS other than the root pfs. If it created the pfs it didn't really create it inside another pfs (the PFS space is flat). The PFS is fine, just move the softlink to somewhere in the root pfs. -Matt Matthew Dillon <email@example.com>


text:
ExamSoft Worldwide, a leader in secure, easy, and reliable computer-based testing software, today announced its plans to release the first known mobile application for secure, offline exam delivery on the iPad. By eliminating the need for an Internet connection and blocking network access during exams, the new application solves the reliability issues often associated with wireless network dependency.
"We're finding that iPads are ideal for increasing student engagement, collaboration, and developing competencies in specific disciplines," said Stuart Glogoff, Senior Consultant, The Office of Instruction and Assessment, University of Arizona
According to a Harris Interactive study, tablet ownership among college students has tripled in the past year with a majority of students using the WiFi-based iPad. This is a trend Eric Ermie, program manager for testing and evaluation at The Ohio State University College of Medicine, says can be a challenge to support, due to the increasing demand on campus network resources.
"Students are carrying multiple WiFi enabled devices on campus, and they expect to be able to use this technology seamlessly in the classroom," said Ermie. "However, we've learned that even the most advanced wireless infrastructure can't promise 100 percent reliability, let alone consistent, rapid performance, and that's just not acceptable when delivering high-stakes exams."
ExamSoft has a long, proven track record of delivering exams offline to enhance schools' administrative flexibility, security, reliability, and convenience.
"In many ways, it is harder to develop an offline testing solution than an online solution, but our clients really see the unique benefits and we've successfully delivered millions of exams this way," said Mark Haney, vice president of technology for ExamSoft Worldwide, Inc.
"Universities face complex challenges, serving students who come in with high expectations for leveraging their laptops, iPads, and smart phones on campus," said David Schnabel, ExamSoft president. "That's why we've developed a flexible solution that enables students to use any or all of these devices, without burdening their schools' wireless infrastructure."
In fact, ExamSoft enables schools to test students on laptops, desktops, Scantron forms, and now iPads. Regardless of the exam delivery method, exam results are all centrally aggregated to help each school focus on outcomes, rather than logistics. In the end, schools are able to break down the barriers that prevent them from measuring and achieving their learning and assessment goals.
In addition to improving exam delivery, ExamSoft's complete testing and analytics solution provides valuable student-specific reporting and feedback to help measure and impact learning.
"In the long run, all of this ties back to the broader goal of improving learning outcomes," said Daniel Muzquiz, CEO for ExamSoft. "We want to help faculty and administrators connect in every way possible to students, with a much quicker and efficient means to assess students and give them the personal feedback they need for continuing success."
ExamSoft's iPad application will be available later this calendar year.
More from ExamSoft.


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A 62 Acre Resort in Southern New York's Historic Hudson Valley with extra large RV sites and centrally located to all area attractions.
Find a campground or rv park in Rhinebeck New York for your wilderness retreat and weekend getaway. Enjoy the outdoors and pitch a tent at one of our campsites, or park your motorhome at one of our RV parks in key>. Camping is great for family vacations, traveling on a budget, and getting back in touch with nature. Browse our campgrounds and plan your Rhinebeck New York camping trip today!


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Bozo The Clown Bread Bags - Larry Harmon
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Vintage beautifully illustrated and colorful 18" long bread bags. They have the Larry Harmon licensing info on them. Very colorful picture of Bozo with his 1960s TV cartoon pals, Butch, Itchy and Puck. Circa mid 1960s. These are old stock that were found in the factory in Michigan and are rejects. The seams have rough edges and are only partially sealed. You could put some tape on them if you wanted to make a display loaf or they are good as is for framing. FREE SHIPPING TO USA
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You basically told your boyfriend at the time you were going to shit in his hands.
And I meant every ounce of it.
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You mean, a turd in the hand is worth...
Taking the old "wish in one hand" adage waaay too seriously
now thats what i call a shitty situation :)
Cleveland Steamer goes on the chest, not in the hands.
I really hope you actually did this.\n\nSo then you wouldn't have a right to bitch when he cums in your hair/eye next time.
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Preppers do their best to be ready for the worst
Back in 1962, they were building fallout shelters during the Cuban missile crisis. In the latest incarnation of getting ready for disaster, preppers are stocking up with nine months' worth of food and other essentials in case of ... you name it, economic collapse, a huge earthquake, an electromagnetic pulse attack that takes out our electronics.
By Erik Lacitis
Seattle Times staff reporter
"Be prepared" is the motto of Robert Sarnes, and in this case he's talking about the meltdown of the U.S. government. His backpack contains food, water, ammo and enough other supplies to last for three days. The flag hangs at his family's Puyallup home.
Sarnes has enough supplies here to keep a family of four going for two weeks, should there be civil insurrection.
American Preppers Network: American Preppers Network - National Family Preparedness and Self-Reliance Organization
PUYALLUP Do you have 12 cases of peas and beans, seven pounds of powdered milk, 50 pounds of flour, 50 pounds of rice, 20 pounds of frozen chicken breasts, a 4,000-watt generator and some 35 gallons of gas in containers to run a freezer?
That's just a sampling of what Robert Sarnes has stored in his family's home in the pantry, in the garage that's stacked with metal and wood containers.
Sarnes is prepared for a disaster, and you're probably not.
Especially you Seattle city slickers, says Sarnes in wonderment at your naiveté.
"Seattle? Maybe 1 in 1,000 families could survive more than five days comfortably," he says.
By the way, in case the thought crosses your marauding mind about breaking into Sarnes' home, he also has "in excess of 17" pistols and rifles in a safe in his house.
Plus, right now as he's being interviewed, he's packing a compact .45 in a holster under his T-shirt.
Why pack heat around the house?
"I mean, in an emergency, I'm not gonna tell somebody, 'Wait a minute, I'm going to get my gun.' You want to be as prepared as you can be," says Sarnes.
Sarnes, 43, married, with two young daughters, is a prepper, part of an ever-growing group here in the Northwest and throughout the country who have decided that if they haven't stocked up that pantry shelf for a long emergency, nobody else will.
We've gone through periodic bouts of preparing for looming disaster. Aging baby boomers might recall news stories about people putting fallout shelters in their backyards during the Cold War and especially around the time of the 1962 Cuban missile crisis.
Preppers network
These days, the Internet instantly connects you with others who worry what disaster the future might bring.
Tom Martin, 34, a long-haul truck driver based out of Port Angeles, is the founder of the American Preppers Network, or APN, as it likes to call itself. The website started in 2009, and now, he says, more than 16,000 people nationwide regularly take part on the site's forums.
"Prepper" is a term that has become better known since the National Geographic Channel began airing a reality show last June called "Doomsday Preppers." The show describes itself as exploring "the lives of otherwise ordinary Americans who are preparing for the end of the world as we know it."
The program has been a ratings bonanza, with a 60 percent male audience, with an average age of 44. Guys do like their tough reality shows.
Martin says his group includes about 200 registered members from Washington state, and women make up half of the membership.
A recent topic of discussion on the prepper website was, "What do you fear/are you prepping for?" The responses included "economic collapse and the subsequent civil unrest," an earthquake, and an "EMP attack," the latter not referring to Paul Allen's rock museum, but an electromagnetic pulse burst that supposedly could cause a mass power-system collapse.
Enough people have such worries that the prepper phenomenon has gone mainstream. Costco recently offered on sale for $3,199.99 a nine-month supply of emergency food to feed four people. The chain now has a "disaster-preparedness" section on its online catalog that sells everything from vegetable seeds for a one-acre garden ($42.99) to a powerful standby generator ($2,999.99).
The tipping point for Martin in becoming a prepper spokesman, he says, began a few years ago, when the bad economy cut his $90,000-a-year earnings down to about $40,000 a year. Then he saw his mom in Idaho going through tough times as her home went financially underwater.
Martin began blogging about preparing for tough times, and that led to forming the national preppers group.
He and other preppers are adamant about not being mistaken for survivalists, especially after the recent news stories about the North Bend man who police say shot himself in a hillside bunker after killing his wife and teen daughter.
Says Martin, "That guy sounded like a nut case, somebody who thinks everybody is out to get them."
On its website, Puget Sound Preppers says, "This group is NOT involved in: revolution, war, militia, political parties, religious activities, racism, or lobbying. This group is about skills and knowledge."
An upcoming meeting, for example, is on raising chickens.
Preppers, says Martin, are not much different from Mormons who make sure they have food, water and other supplies in case of an emergency.
He says preppers have no interest in toughing it out alone in the wilderness.
They'd rather have that stocked-up pantry, which, they say, means not having to shell out thousands of dollars at once for a nine-month supply. You watch for sales and stock up over time.
Guns and safety
At his Puyallup home, Sarnes answers the obvious question about keeping guns around with two children in the home.
His daughters, he says, have been well-trained in gun safety.
One of them is home from school because she's feeling buggy. She goes through the drill about gun safety, led by her dad:
"What do you do when you see a gun? You tell a grown-up or police officer. Don't touch it. If you do handle it, muzzle to the ground, finger off the trigger, treat it like it's loaded even if you know it's not, never point it at anybody."
In agreeing to talk to a reporter, Martin and Sarnes are a bit unusual for preppers, who can be secretive.
A Bothell-area woman who goes by "Nurse Ellie" emails back about herself: "I believe in being prepared and self reliant. I am now a First Class Marksman and have one year of food supply and 3 months of Bottled drinking water. A rain Barrel and live one block from a River (fresh water) and have a Swimming Pool (cleaned regularly) ... Safety first, so I will not give you anything further."
Martin says one reason for secrecy is that during a disaster, people who failed to prepare can "come knocking on the door." Better to keep it a secret how much you have stored up.
And there is the fear, he says, of being portrayed as "crazy nut-jobs on the fringe of society."
The Preppers Network website answers, "Preppers are no more crazy than those wacky people who have homeowners insurance. ... "
Continued: Preppers do their best to be ready for the worst | Local News | The Seattle Times
Black Blade: More of the article is found at the link above.


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Medical Coatings
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uncommon's Profile
Husband and wife duo, Vincent & Jessie, make design their full-time passion. Put together a classically trained mechanical engineer and a dabbling graphic designer and what you get is, well... uncommon. Room accents and accessories with modern clean lines, an old-fashioned sensibility, and fun, fresh colors.
Vincent enjoys long strolls on the beach, kitties, and brewing really good beer. He's inspired by architecture and unique wildlife and he scribbles in his sketchbook quite a lot. He's been making furniture ever since he was a wee lad and sells his creations in galleries and shops around the world.
Jessie also enjoys the beach and filling her pockets to the brim with beach treasures. She is a known typography freak and sometimes forgets she's meant to be reading things instead of analyzing font usage. She longs for a yard to garden in and…
- Born on June 17
- Joined February 24, 2009
Favorite materials
wood, paint, fiberboard, computers, large technologically advanced cutting machines


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Geek Speak
Geek Speak is where the world of Geekdom comes alive.
Posts filtered on Tag
Stretch Armstrong movie in 2011. Because Hollywood hates you.
Just when you thought Hollywood couldn't get more creatively bankrupt, Latino Review reports 2011 will give us a movie based on Stretch Armstrong, that toy you and your buddy stretched across the block and then carved up to find creepy goo inside. [Read More]


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32536-013: Waste Management Project
Project Data Sheet (PDS): Overview
The principle objective of the Project is to facilitate sustainable and appropriate solid waste management practices in Rarotonga and Aitutaki. The project will contribute to the achievement of the longer term goals of safeguarding public health and the environment, supporting private sector participation in solid waste management practices, and increasing the public's awareness of responsible solid waste management practices. The Project includes the construction of fully engineered, ... Read More
Cook Islands
|Project Number
|Type or Modality of Assistance
|Public sector (Sovereign)
|Approval Date
|17 Jul 2001
|Geographical Location
|Rarotonga and Aitutaki
Water supply and other municipal infrastructure and services
|Waste Management
|Safeguard Categories
Environment: B
Project Data Sheets (PDS) contain summary information on the project or program. Because the PDS is a work in progress, some information may not be included in its initial version but will be added as it becomes available. Information about proposed projects is tentative and indicative.
The Public Communications Policy (PCP) recognizes that transparency and accountability are essential to development effectiveness. It establishes the disclosure requirements for documents and information ADB produces or requires to be produced.
The Accountability Mechanism provides a forum where people adversely affected by ADB-assisted projects can voice and seek solutions to their problems and report alleged noncompliance of ADB's operational policies and procedures.
In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of, or reference to, a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.
View the latest procurement notices for Goods, Works and Related Services, or Consulting Services.


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The 2013 Retailing Summit is underway at the Westin Galleria Hotel in Dallas, bringing together hundreds of the top national and international retailers, along with experts in academia, to share best practices in areas such as marketing, management and financial planning, and provide networking opportunities.
The two-day summit is held each year by the Center for Retailing Studies (CRS) at Texas A&M University's Mays Business School and provides "a neutral ground for retailers to come together to learn, network and leave inspired," according to CRS officials.
The summit, which attracted 300 national and international retailers, is widely regarded as the best conference for continuing education for retail executives, say conference organizers.
"I attend many workshops and think tanks, even speaking at a few, and I believe that Texas A&M's Retailing Summit is the best," says John Goodman, president of Pareto Marketing, Inc. "The caliber of speakers is superb. Since the summit is tied to an academic host, the event's tone is highly authentic. Attendees can directly interact with top-level CEOs who participate in the summit not for commercial reasons, but so they too can participate in the learning process. Even with tight travel budgets, the Retailing Summit is a 'must-do' event because the topics encourage fresh thinking."
The summit offers practical solutions for business success, engaging with customers and employees, understanding changing trends, marketing strategy, financial planning and more, say organizers.
The summit is geared toward seasoned professionals and organization leaders and is known for a high level of presentation content and high-value networking opportunities.
The speaker line-up at this annual summit is "a great balance of public, private and academic," says Lyn Lewars of Deloitte Consulting.
Proceeds from the summit fund scholarships and educational programs for students pursuing retail studies at Texas A&M.
The Center for Retailing Studies at Texas A&M readies students for a professional career in retailing through coursework, internships, leadership development, mentoring and experiential learning. The center hosts a variety of conferences, career fairs and guest speakers, and fosters research that has led to innovative marketing ideas and strategies. The center's research team works on current market trends to analyze deviations and attribute growth to the retailing domain.
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