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This section discusses some techniques that trial design and management teams can use to reduce the frequency of dropouts. First, designers and managers can limit participants' burden and inconvenience in the data collection stage. This can be done in at least five ways: (1) minimizing the number of visits and assessments, (2) collecting only the information that is needed at each visit, (3) using user-friendly case report forms, (4) using direct data capture that does not require a clinic visit whenever feasible, and (5) allowing a relatively large time window for each follow-up assessment. Examples of information not needed at each visit include aspects of the participant's medical history and contact information that were provided at earlier visits and information available from medical records. The overall aim is to balance the competing goals of reducing response burden and collecting sufficient information to fully support the analytic goals and to guide the next steps in treatment. (Regarding use of direct data capture to minimize the response burden, it would also be useful to attempt to collect whatever information is available from administrative records.)
Second, design and management teams can increase the incentives for participation and completion by the provision of effective treatments to participants after the trial. Such incentives might include continued access to effective study treatments on extension protocols until the treatment is licensed.
Third, designer and managers can select investigators with a good track record of both enrolling and following participants and collecting complete data in previous trials, and provide good training. The training (and onstudy reinforcement) needs to emphasize the importance of complete data collection and the difference between discontinuing the study treatment and discontinuing data collection. Training should stress the value of collecting data after a participant discontinues the study (or the control) treatment.
As discussed in Chapter 2, many trial sponsors and investigators mistakenly assume that there is little reason for additional data collection when participants discontinue study treatment. But as we emphasize, the continued collection of data is important in many trials. The trial objectives and estimands need to be considered.
Training can also emphasize the importance of the informed consent process as a mechanism for ensuring that participants understand the commitment they are making, including their intent to complete the trial regardless of the treatment they are receiving. Training of investigators and research staff should also emphasize how to work with participants to minimize the extent of missing data (see later in this chapter). Finally, trainers need to know and explain to participants that any decision to withdraw consent is a participant's decision, not the investigator's decision. However,


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Why the marriage gap is bad for America
By Leah Ward Sears, Special to CNN
December 16, 2010 1:00 p.m. EST
Editor's note: Leah Ward Sears is a retired chief justice of the Georgia Supreme Court and a partner at the Atlanta office of Schiff Hardin LLP. She also is the William Thomas Sears Distinguished Fellow in Family Law at the Institute for American Values.
(CNN) -- Over the past 40 years, marriage has foundered among the poor, with the nation's attention especially focused on the decline of marriage in poor black communities. But an important new report finds that "the retreat from marriage has now clearly moved into the precincts of [both] black and white Middle America."
The report, "When Marriage Disappears: The Retreat from Marriage in Middle America," was released by the National Marriage Project, a nonpartisan initiative at the University of Virginia directed by family scholar W. Bradford Wilcox.
Wilcox's study finds that over the last 30 years, among what the report calls "Middle Americans" (the 58% of moderately educated Americans who have a high school degree), the proportion of children born outside of marriage skyrocketed from 13% to 44% while the portion of adults in an intact first marriage dropped from 73% to 45%.
Meanwhile, among financially well-off Americans (the 30% who have a college degree or higher), the proportion of children born outside of marriage climbed only slightly from 2% to 6%, the divorce rate dropped from 15% to 11%, and intact first marriages dropped from 73% to 56%.
In sum, the relationships of Middle Americans increasingly resemble those of the poor, while marriages among upscale Americans are getting better in many respects.
As a divorcee myself who, for a time, reared my children alone before my remarriage 13 years ago, I know all
too well that the rise in children born outside of marriage and the high divorce rate call for compassion. While we must help people in all types of family situations, we must not turn a blind eye to the social injustice of the growing, class-based marriage gap.
The retreat from marriage in Middle America is not a retreat from bearing children. Wedding bands may be out of vogue, but in Middle America, women pushing strollers, diaper bags slung over their shoulders, infants hidden in bundles of blankets, are as common a sight as ever.
But children who grow up in Middle America today are far less likely to grow up with their own parents than they were 30 years ago. By contrast, a greater proportion of children in upscale America live with their mothers and fathers today than they did 30 years ago.
Wilcox found that Middle Americans appear to be becoming less "marriage-minded" in some respects than upscale Americans. While 76% of teenagers from upscale America said they would be embarrassed if they got (or got someone) pregnant, for example, 61% of Middle Americans said the same.
This is important because, as Wilcox notes, the social science evidence today is indisputable: Children who grow up in intact, married families are significantly more likely to graduate from high school, find work and enjoy a stable family life, compared with their peers who grow up in broken families.
The class-based marriage gap is also an injustice because most Americans still seem to desire a happy marriage. Wilcox found that the vast majority of Americans of all classes still say marriage is "very important" or "one of the most important things" to them.
But while they long for it, few in Middle America today have good models or the confidence that their relationships are strong enough to last: 43% of Middle Americans agreed that marriage has not worked out for most people they know, while 17% of upscale Americans agreed.
What should we do?
We don't go about insisting that the poor are better off left alone in their poverty -- as if this were a state they chose and should remain in. Instead, we recognize poverty as an injustice. We set about helping the less fortunate find fortune.
It's the same with the growing, class-based marriage gap. We can't just put a bandage on the injustice by, for instance, providing support groups only to single parents, albeit support groups certainly can help. Instead, we should help couples; too, achieve the stability for which they long.
This means, among other things, reconnecting marriage and parenthood in the public imagination, encouraging both religious and secular civic organizations to reach out to Americans from less-privileged backgrounds, and also urging state lawmakers to reconsider how existing divorce laws are helping -- or hurting -- our families.
Strengthening marriage and parenthood are key to renewing a broad and flourishing middle class. As Wilcox notes, marriage "has long served the American experiment in democracy as an engine of the American Dream, a seedbed of virtue for children, and one of the few sources of social solidarity in a nation that otherwise prizes individual liberty."
Marriage today is all of those things -- for upper-class Americans. Our challenge is to extend the benefits of married life once again to all.
The opinions expressed in this commentary are solely those of Leah Ward Sears
Marriage: America's Greatest Weapon Against Child Poverty
Abstract: Child poverty is an ongoing national concern, but few are aware that its principal cause is the absence of married fathers in the home. Marriage remains America's strongest anti-poverty weapon, yet it continues to decline. As husbands disappear from the home, poverty and welfare dependence will increase, and children and parents will suffer as a result. Since marital decline drives up child poverty and welfare dependence, and since the poor aspire to healthy marriage but lack the norms, understanding, and skills to achieve it, it is reasonable for government to take active steps to strengthen marriage. Just as government discourages youth from dropping out of school, it should provide information that will help people to form and maintain healthy marriages and delay childbearing until they are married and economically stable. In particular, clarifying the severe shortcomings of the "child first, marriage later" philosophy to potential parents in lower-income communities should be a priority.
To read the rest of the article
New research in the Wall Street Journal shows that fighting fair can lengthen and strengthen your marriage. TODAY's Amy Robach takes a look at a communication skill called the Speaker-Listener technique that can greatly increase a couple's ability to fight in a healthy way. Scott Stanley, co-author of Fighting for Your Marriage states that couples who handle conflict poorly are set-up for marital failure. The ability to maintain positive communication from the earliest years of marriage plays a big part in who remains happy and who ends up in divorce court.
Click here to see the full interview. Wall Street Journal
On October 15, 2009, area faith leaders joined together across denominational and racial lines to sign a public document to make healthy marriages a priority in their congregations. More than 200 cities across the nation have created similar Community Marriage Declarations, and divorce rates have fallen an average of 17.5%, and cohabitation by a third (visit www.marriagesavers.org for more information). Mayor Jim Wetherington issued a proclamation declaring October 15 Right from the Start, Building Strong Marriages and Families Day.
Below is the full text of the Columbus Marriage Declaration:
COLUMBUS COMMUNITY MARRIAGE DECLARATION Established October 15, 2009
We, the members of the Columbus faith community invite all to join us in the quest to help promote healthy, stable marriages. We recognize that the FAMILY is the core of the larger society and the health of the family impacts the health of our community.
We recognize that this declaration is not meant to replace standards concerning marriage of our respective faith communities and we encourage local congregations to endorse, publicize, and support this declaration.
As leaders in the faith community, we will work with each other to support this declaration, in full respect of the uniqueness of every group and individual.

subset: commoncrawl


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Quantity Available:
SONNEMAN - A Way of Light is the namesake of founder and lighting designer Robert Sonneman. It was formed to create contemporary lighting that best exemplifies today's cosmopolitan American style. Sonneman Lighting fixtures are elegant and refined, decidedly modern yet clearly influenced by classic 20th century period styles.
The Connetix LED Wall Sconce is available with the following:
- 5 White Etched acrylic shades
- Aluminum frame
- Bright Satin Aluminum finish
- Square wall plate
- Color Temperature: 3000K
- Lumens: 1000
- ADA Compliant
- UL Listed Damp
- Five 120 Volt LEDs (integrated); 11 Watts total.
- Fixture: Height 8", Width 8", Depth 4"
- Plate: Height 4.5", Width 4.5"
Manufacturer IDs: view
Need help with some of our terminology? Check out Lumens' Lighting & Design Glossary.


text: Prev | Next Purchase this photo Candice Mullins/For The Herald-Dispatch A player on the gray team focuses on dribbling the ball down the soccer field on Saturday, May 4, 2013 at the Kennedy Center in Huntington. Gallery: YMCA youth soccer from May 4 May. 07, 2013 @ 02:24 PM The Herald-Dispatch / 2015 YMCA youth soccer action from Saturday, May 4, at the Kennedy Center in Huntington. ()


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ATC Portal gives airlines and airports the ability to analyze and act on airspace conditions in the terminal area, in order to maximize the efficient use of the existing airspace infrastructure. It provides alerts, instant analysis and performance summaries on a Web dashboard for maximum practical application.
Live analysis for decision support
Historical reports for performance analysis


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The Real Teal
I used to daydream about a turquoise accent wall in my living room, but now I've decided to go with a bold, bright, very beachy teal for my bedroom instead. Now that my mind's made up, the tricky part is choosing the right shade. Here are some photos I've been poring over for inspiration:
Completely unrelated to my bedroom, but I love this shade in a kitchen, too. Turquoise tiles? Why not?
H&H senior style editor Morgan Michener styled this room for our April 2011 issue, and I just can't get enough of this wall colour. My office bulletin board is painted a similar hue.
This Hillary Thomas-designed bathroom appeared in Lonny this year, and the paint colour/nautical art combo really caught my eye.
So, which direction to take? Blue or green undertones? Aqua? Peacock? Here are some of the samples I've saved from Behr and CIL:
Thoughts and picks welcome! Factor in my white headboard and charcoal grey duvet, please!
For more beachy rooms, see our Seaside-Inspired Interiors photo gallery.
Photo credits:
1. House & Home May 2010 issue, photography by John Cullen
2. House & Home September 2010 issue, photography by Kim Christie
3. House & Home April 2011 issue, photography by John Cullen
4. Tenth Street West Village Townhouse, Steven Gambrel
5. House & Home April 2011 issue, photography by John Cullen
6. Lonny January/February 2011 issue, photography by Patrick Cline
7. 490B, Behr
8. 500B, Behr
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Steve Martin Makes Racial Joke On Twitter
The Adorable Children of Reality TV Stars
Watch Miley Cyrus Fall Down on Stage Wearing a Fake Butt
Jake Gyllenhaal Breaks His Silence on Taylor Swift
Beyonce Isn't as Flawless as We Thought
12 Fascinating Transgender Celebrities
What Does Kylie Jenner Look Like Without Makeup?
Scott Disick's Heart Breaking Message To His Daughter
Remove Your Eye Bags Instantly
You Won't Believe What Mila Gets if Ashton Cheats on Her
Selena's Scandalous Selfie Sparks Drama
Emma Watson's Intentional "Side Boob"
Famous Kids: Where Are They Now?
Woman Removes Makeup, Reveals Stunning Transformation
12 Celebrities Who Are Kind of Gross
Bobbi Kristina Death: 11 Shocking Revelations
Duchess Kate's Huge Allowance is Mind Blowing
Best Celebrity Beach Bodies of 2015
Ariana Grande's Insane Diva Demands Revealed
Watch Paula Abdul Recreate Her Iconic Hitb
Kristie Alley Drops 'Dark' Scientology Secrets
You Won't Believe How Brad and Angie Travel
Kylie Jenner Says She Has To Act Fake For The Kardashian Image
Inside Kim and Kanye's $20 Million Mega Mansion
Can You Guess Who This Hunk Turned Into?
Halle Berry Just Dropped Major Surgery News
Is Kaitlyn Bristowe's Engagement Already Over?
Celebrities and Their Famous Parents
Inside The Lavish World of 1 Year Old North West
Celebrities with Diseases: You'll Be Surprised by Who Has Been Diagnosed


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Posts Tagged «microcontrollers»
New microprocessor claims 10x energy improvement January 26, 2015 at 2:49 pm
A new semiconductor company, Ambiq Micro, is claiming that its methods of building chips can dramatically increase overall efficiency thanks to leveraging a technique called subthreshold computing. Could this dramatically improve battery life in next-generation wearables?
BeagleBone Black: A RasPi alternative with Arduino-like capabilities for $45 April 23, 2013 at 1:59 pm
Texas Instruments launched its ARM-powered BeagleBone Black PC today, and it packs an impressive feature set that is sure to get enthusiasts' attention. The successor to the original BeagleBone, the Black comes with faster hardware, lower power requirements, and a surprising $45 price point.
Customizable gamepad makes for the perfect introduction to Arduino December 10, 2012 at 2:59 pm
The Arduino Esplora is a brand new do-it-yourself gamepad being released through retail channels. This is a perfect my-first-Arduino project because it doesn't require manipulating a breadboard, or even any soldering. If you've been eyeing Arduino for a while, but you've been too worried about the difficulty, this is the project for you. Read up about the platform, grab the Esplora, and start hacking away.
What is the Raspberry Pi? April 18, 2012 at 10:15 am
Earlier this year a small single board computer stamped with chips and I/O connectors — with the tasty name of Raspberry Pi — began receiving a great deal of press coverage. It has since become a computing phenomenon and one of the hottest hardware products of the year.


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Urology Robotic Surgery
Robotic Surgery
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Urology Robotic Surgery
Urology Robotic Surgery
Urologic surgery refers to surgery performed on the male and female urinary tract organs and male reproductive organs. Urologic surgery is performed for cancer as well as a range of non-cancerous (benign) urologic conditions. All surgeries carry risk, but traditional open surgery with a large incision has significant drawbacks – pain, trauma, a long recovery and risk of infection.
If you need surgery to treat your urologic condition, you may be a candidate for robotic Surgery — a safe, effective and minimally invasive procedure. Using the most advanced technology available today, the da Vinci® Surgical System allows your doctor to perform delicate and complex operations through a few tiny incisions with increased vision, precision, dexterity and control.
Minimally invasive da Vinci Surgery is used for, among other things, the following urologic procedures:
- Surgery for Prostate Cancer
- Surgery for Kidney Cancer
- Surgery for Kidney Disorders
- Surgery for Bladder Cancer
- Surgery for Urinary Obstruction
For detailed information on da Vinci Surgery for urologic conditions, its potential benefits to patients and the da Vinci® Surgical System, click here.
One of the best ways to truly understand a da Vinci Surgery experience is to hear directly from patients, in their own words. At www.daVinciStories.com you can browse patient stories, watch video or search for specific stories that may match your own. We hope this information is helpful as you make your decision about which treatment option is right for you.


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B&B Style Pickled Eggs
- 2 dozen hard boiled eggs (peeled)
- 4 cups vinegar
- 1 jar or can jalapenos
- 1 onion
- 1 cup water
- 1 tablespoon tabasco
- 1 tablespoon salt
Bring ingredients to a boil. In sealable jar pour over peeled eggs. Let sit for 3 days to 3 months. Shake once a day while chanting "Yah--eggs are great, eh?". Serve with salt, pepper, Tabasco, and a beer...(doesn't have to be a Gilt Edge)


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Feb. 11, 2009
WORCESTER, Mass. - Sophomore forward Andrew Keister (Galloway, N.J.) recorded a double-double with 21 points and 12 rebounds, to lead the Holy Cross men's basketball team to a 62-59 victory over Army at the Hart Center. Senior forward Colin Cunningham (Memphis, Tenn.) added 16 points, four rebounds and three assists for the Crusaders. Holy Cross improves to 13-11 overall and 8-1 in the Patriot League, while the Black Knights fall to 7-16 on the season and 3-6 in the conference.
Army started the game with a 5-0 run, and was still in front 13-8 with 10 minutes left in the first half. The Black Knights then went on a 12-0 run to go up by 17 points (25-8) with 5:47 remaining before the break. The Crusaders were able to get within eight points late in the half, before Army took a 32-20 advantage into the locker room.
Holy Cross came out of the locker room on fire to start the second half, scoring 10 straight points and eventually going in front 44-40 with 12 minutes left to play. But Army refused to go away, as the next 10 minutes featured five ties and six lead changes. The score was tied at 56-56 when Cunningham hit two free throws with 2:27 on the clock to give the Crusaders the lead for good. Cunningham then added a jumper at the 1:32-mark to put Holy Cross up 60-57, but the Crusaders made just two of six free throws in the final minute, allowing the Black Knights to stay in the game. Army's Nathan Hedgecock missed a three-point field goal at the buzzer which could have forced overtime, as Holy Cross held on to win 62-59.
Army was led by Kenny Brewer with 13 points and nine rebounds, while Josh Miller added 12 points, five rebounds and four assists.
The Crusaders return to action on Saturday, Feb. 14, when they play host to Bucknell at 3:30 p.m.


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Chairman: Highway commission report forthcoming
CHARLESTON, W.Va. (AP) — The chairman of the Governor's Blue Ribbon Commission on Highways says the group will release its final report soon.
Jason Pizatella tells the Charleston Gazette that the report is undergoing proofreading and editing.
Gov. Earl Ray Tomblin created the commission nearly two years ago. The commission issues recommendations for funding state roads nearly a year ago.
Pizatella says legislative committees asked for the final report to be available for legislative interim meetings in September. He says the final report doesn't make any changes from the recommendations the commission approved last September.
Commissioners said the state needs to nearly double its road fund budget, from $1.1 billion a year to at least $2 billion, to adequately build and maintain the state highway system.
The Herald-Dispatch welcomes your comments on this article, but please be civil. Avoid profanity, obscenity, personal attacks, accusations of criminal activity, name-calling or insults to the other posters. Herald-dispatch.com does not control or monitor comments as they are posted, but if you find a comment offensive or uncivil, hover your mouse over the comment and click the X that appears in the upper right of the comment. If you do not want your comment to post to your personal Facebook page, uncheck the box below the comment.


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Wow, Sean, you seem to have missed the point entirely of a liberal arts education. I graduated from Gettysburg in the mid-80's and have been completely affirmed throughout my career that a liberal arts education was a terrific choice. A technical school or specific career training program may be what you wanted, but it sounds like you may have wasted away 4 great years of opportunity to expand your mind to think critically, to communicate well, to stimulate creativity, and to have compassion on the world around you - all things that my liberal arts education stirred, built, and solidified in my life. When I look for people to employ on my teams, I look for people with all of these attributes, not necessarily tactical skills. If needed, additional job-specific skills can certainly be taught or trained, but I'll take the liberal arts & science educated person any day of the week.
May I recommend that you reflect on the enormous benefit that you received at Dickinson (which is a very fine institution)? It sounds like you've been blessed with a great education but don't even realize it and consequently have not put it to great use.


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Residents in eight Alabama counties will have an opportunity to safeguard their homes from severe weather.
Gov. Robert Bentley said Wednesday that more than $900,000 in hazard mitigation funds is available in Baldwin, Covington, Dallas, Geneva, Mobile, Monroe, Perry and Pickens counties.
The funds are a result of the federal disaster declaration for Hurricane Isaac in 2012. People interested in applying should contact their county Emergency Management Agency office.
Alabama's governor is asking for federal assistance for five more counties affected by Hurricane Isaac.
Gov. Robert Bentley sent a letter to the Federal Emergency Management Agency saying Covington, Dallas, Geneva, Monroe and Perry counties in south and west Alabama suffered $2.5 million in damage. Bentley said that's based on damage assessments completed this week.


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Results 1 to 2 of 2
Style: Mixed Martial Arts--
Calzaghe schools the American Jeff Lacy for 12 rounds
A candidate for fight of the year, no doubt about it. And quite shocking really. Calzaghe didn´t just "beat" Lacy, he made him his bitch. Dominated every round of the fight.
My new favourite quote "He hits **** all", said by Calzaghe to his corner with his funny Welch accent.
Last edited by Draven; 3/04/2006 11:00pm at .
BJJ might make you a better ground fighter, but Judo will make you a better dancer.
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Worst Beaches for Shark Attacks
Garden Island, Western Australia
While Western Australia ranks
third in the country for attacks (41 attacks and 10 fatalities), the
concentration of attacks around Garden Island, a few hours' drive south of
Perth, proves highly unusual. In 2008, Cowaramup Bay became the focus of
attention when a swimmer was taken less
than a kilometer from where another man had been killed a few years earlier.
Then, while leading a swim-with-dolphins snorkeling tour in 2010, Elyse
Frankcom was bitten by a great white shark in Port Kennedy not far from where a crab diver was
also taken. The attack while swimming with dolphins helps dispel a common myth:
"There is no truth to the notion that there are no sharks where there are
dolphins," says Ralph S. Collier of the Shark Research Committee.


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Stock Photo:
opened book, lying on the bookshelf with a glasses
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- Copyright: Tischenko Irina
High quality images curated from over 150 countries.
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NORWICH — Police arrested five women during a two-day undercover prostitution bust Monday and Tuesday.
The arrests stem from an investigation into prostitution over the websites cityvibe.com and backpage.com.
Arrested were:
Bria N. Graham, 20, of Providence, R.I.; Xueying Shou, 46, of Flushing, N.Y.; Ailing Zhu, 47, of 9 Pinecroft Road, Norwich; Donna-Lee Miner, 23, 1596 Hartford New London Turnpike, Oakdale; Stacy R. Vaz, 26, 23 Whittier Ave.


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When: Saturday, October 13, 2012 1:30 PM - 3:00 PM
Where: Clarice Smith PAC : Dekelboum Concert Hall
Event Type(s): Diversity
In "Making a Difference," Dr. Goodall will discuss the current threats facing the planet and her reasons for hope in these complex times, encouraging everyone in the audience to do their part to make a positive difference each and every day. A book signing will follow Dr. Goodall's speech. Books and JGI memberships will be available for sale on site.
Tickets for this event are sold out, however a standby line will be formed at 1pm on the day of the lecture. If any tickets have not been retrieved, they will be redistributed to people in the standby line shortly before the lecture begins. Limit of one ticket per person. This event will also be streamed live online. Link will be posted here: http://claricesmithcenter.umd.edu/events/2012/dr-jane-goodall-dbe on the day of the event.
Website: http://www.arhu.umd.edu/events/making-difference-dr-jane-goodall-dbe
Ticket Information:
Charges: Sold Out Free; ;
Available at: Clarice Smith Box Office
Website: http://www.arhu.umd.edu/events/making-difference-dr-jane-goodall-dbe


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This one just dropped about an hour ago during the Grammys. This actually follows a second and relatively unremarkable theatrical trailer for Walt Disney Walt Disney Studio's Maleficent from the last week, so the fact that they were holding this one in storage for a special reveal makes me wonder why they bothered with the second trailer in the first place. As for the clip, the highlight is of course Lana Del Ray's moody and low-key cover of the theme song from Sleeping Beauty, which makes sense since the film is basically a revamp of Sleeping Beauty told from the point-of-view of Angelina Jolie's titular villain. The practice of having what amounts to a radio-friendly pop version of a given Disney song for a new Disney movie is of course an old tradition going back at least to Celine Dion and American singer Peabo Bryson's 1991 cover of "Beauty And the Beast" from the film Beauty and the Beast.
Since then, it's been often been used as a way to promote new talent within Disney or recently removed from Disney. Think Christina Aguilera's superb cover of "Reflection" from Mulan in 1998, see Ashley Tisdale's cover of "Kiss the Girl" which was included with the 2006 DVD release of The Little Mermaid, and most recently Demi Lovato's version of "Let It Go" which played over Frozen's end credits. Of note, Vanessa Williams being hired to do the adult contemporary version of "Colors of the Wind" from Pocahontas in 1995 was considered an "all is forgiven" note after she was stripped of her Miss America crown in 1984 for posing for Playboy (no, I'm not going to get into the patriarchal double-standards of that one today). So the debut of this "alternate" cover of "Once Upon A Dream" might not be radio friendly in the traditional sense, but it somewhat fits a pattern and makes for a terrific bit of music for this otherwise unremarkable trailer. It's easily the best thing in the 90-second clip.
The rest of the trailer is a mix of the usual muddy and washed-out "dark and gritty" palette, along with arbitrary mass battle scenes that seem to personify the "epicification" prevalent in these live-action re-imaginings. Ironically, the battle sequence sticks out as it takes place in broad daylight and thus is bright and colorful. I don't look forward to seeing this one in 3D. The good news is that Angelina Jolie, in an onscreen role for the first time since The Tourist in 2010, and presumably got a fat payday and will use the money to go off and direct something interesting. It's no secret that the production has been a little troubled, with John Lee Hancock (The Blind Side and Saving Mr. Banks) coming in to help with reshoots. He will allegedly write the new scenes while director Robert Stromberg will still helm them. Of course, once again, we are shocked when a major studio gives $200 million to a first-time director (he was the production designer for Alice In Wonderland and Oz: The Great and Powerful) and ends up in a potential pickle.
And Hancock playing savior is doubly-ironic considering his The Alamo was a troubled disaster for Disney that bombed in 2004 ($25m worldwide on a $107m budget), landing him in director jail before The Blind Side in 2009 (I happen to like all of his pictures, for what it's worth). I'm hoping they pull this off. My daughter really wants to see this and because the industry is always richer for another major female-centric summer blockbuster. And Angelina Jolie is such a media target that I don't want to give the gossip rags the satisfaction of watching her take a token dive. But the concept and its apparent execution speaks to, as Corey Atad wrote last year, the weird need to turn every old story into a massive action-packed, huge-scale epic so as to justify its blockbuster costs (said article is required reading for understanding the proverbial modern blockbuster). Maleficent opens on May 30th, 2014. As always, we'll see.


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Shops at the Cathedral
Shops at the Cathedral offer Cathedral-inspired items and special gift products. All sales support the ministries of the Cathedral.
Cathedral Store
Located in the south crypt aisle, the Cathedral Store offers reproductions of Cathedral windows, carvings, and iconography. Gifts of apparel, music, books, and religious items are also available.
Cathedral Store Hours
Daily: 10 am–5 pm; Saturday until 4:30 pm
Christmas Eve: 10 am–noon
Christmas Day and New Year's Day: Closed
Refreshing Light Fare
The Cathedral Store also has a fudge shop and offers beverages and snacks.
Shop online now »
Herb Cottage
The Herb Cottage offers gifts for every season and event, specializing in gifts for the garden and home.
The Herb Cottage is located on South Road near the entrance to the Bishop's Garden. Due to earthquake damage, the Herb Cottage store is currently relocated to the parking garage at the bus-entry level.
Open seven days a week, 10 am–5 pm
Groups are welcome and the shop will offer hospitality to them with prior arrangement.


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Volkswagen New Passat Model History
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Volkswagen Prices and Values: Based in Germany, Volkswagen first arrived in the US in 1949 and has since become one of the most recognized brands on the road. The iconic Beetle is the best-selling single vehicle model in history, and remains one of the most identifiable vehicles in production. Volkswagen has a long history of incorporating diesel technology into its lineup and is leading the charge to bring modern clean diesel into the mainstream.
Review all model year Volkswagen New Passat prices & values
2001 Volkswagen New Passat
Due to a mid-year update, this redesigned version of the Passat is being dubbed the 2001 Volkswagen New Passat and it looks better than ever.


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Vineland attractions are listed below. Find things to do in or near Vineland, NJ for your upcoming individual or group travel for Vineland visitors. We also offer the great discounts on Vineland New Jersey hotel and motel rooms.
Reserving group travel? Save with Vineland Group Rates
Attractions + Things To See in Vineland
Next 6 Things to see > [1 - 6 of 12]


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WVU Volleyball Schedule Released
MORGANTOWN, W.Va. – West Virginia University Director of Athletics Oliver Luck has announced the 2012 volleyball schedule, which includes 18 home matches at the WVU Coliseum and six teams that competed in the 2011 NCAA tournament.
"The West Virginia volleyball program is embarking on a new era as it enters the Big 12 Conference this season," Luck says. "Coach Kramer and her staff have set a schedule that will truly challenge our student-athletes and also allow for some exciting competition at home."
"It is such a great feeling to be entering a new era of WVU volleyball," coach Jill Kramer says. "The Big 12 coaches have done a tremendous job creating a stellar conference for volleyball and we are excited to be a part of it."
To kick off the 2012 season, the Mountaineers will hold their annual Gold-Blue scrimmage which will take place at noon on Saturday, Aug. 18 at the WVU Coliseum.
WVU will officially begin its season on Aug. 24-25 with the Mountaineer Invitational -- the first of three home tournaments. WVU will host nine different opponents from six different conferences in the three tournaments including two first-time opponents in Central Connecticut and 2011 NCAA tournament participant Maryland-Eastern Shore.
"Our goal in the early season is to build continuity with our team and focus on creating a great home environment to prepare for Big 12 play," Kramer says.
Before hitting the road for its first away tournament, WVU will host its first conference match against defending Big 12 champion, 2011 NCAA tournament participant and first-time opponent Texas on Wednesday, Aug. 29 at the WVU Coliseum. The Longhorns closed out the 2011 season ranked No. 4 in the AVCA Poll and were one of three Big 12 opponents to finish in the top 25.
"We will open Big 12 play on August 29, which is only the second week of the season, playing host to Texas," Kramer says. "It will be the first sporting event that WVU will compete in as a member of the Big 12, and will give our fans a great opportunity to experience how thrilling Big 12 volleyball really is."
The Mountaineers' lone away tournament will be The Mason Inn Patriot Invitational at George Mason University Aug. 31-Sept.1. The Invitational opens on Friday with a pair of matches against SEC team South Carolina and Navy before concluding the tournament with host George Mason on Saturday.
WVU will close out preseason play by hosting the West Virginia Golden Horseshoe Challenge and the Gold and Blue Challenge on Sept. 7-8 and Sept. 15-16, respectively. The Mountaineers will also travel to Robert Morris for a non-conference mid-week matchup on Tuesday, Sept. 11.
Big 12 play will resume for the Mountaineers on Saturday, Sept. 22 at the WVU Coliseum where the team will take on fellow Big 12 newcomer TCU.
"The Big 12 features some of the top volleyball programs in the country and has a very different format from what we've been accustomed to in the past," Kramer says. "The majority of our matches will be on Wednesday or Saturday, which allows us to prepare for one match at a time, versus the typical Friday/Saturday format, which forces you to prepare for two opponents at one time.
"The other difference is that there is no conference tournament, so we will play a double-round robin format and finish out our regular season on Thanksgiving weekend."
The first Big 12 road trip for the Mountaineers will be against first-time opponent and 2011 NCAA tournament participant Kansas State on Thursday, Sept. 27. The Wildcats finished the 2011 season ranked No. 22 and were one of three Big 12 schools to make the Sweet 16 in the 2011 NCAA tournament. WVU will round out the road trip with a stop at Oklahoma on Saturday, Sept. 29.
The Mountaineers open the month of October with a two-game home stand against Kansas on Wednesday, Oct. 3 and non-conference foe Duquesne on Saturday, Oct. 6, before hitting the road to face Iowa State on Wednesday Oct. 10. The Cyclones finished second in the Big 12 last year and were No. 8 in the final 2011 AVCA poll.
WVU will return home to the Coliseum for a match against Texas Tech on Saturday, Oct. 13 before traveling to face Baylor for a match on Saturday, Oct. 20. The Bears are one of only two opponents WVU faced in 2011 with Baylor taking the game 3-0 in Waco, Texas.
The Mountaineers will begin the second half of conference play at home against Kansas State on Wednesday Oct. 24, before back-to-back road matches against Texas Tech and Kansas on Saturday, Oct. 27 and Monday, Oct. 29, respectively.
The final month of conference play begins with two home matches against Oklahoma on Saturday, Nov. 3 and Baylor on Saturday, Nov. 10. WVU will play Texas in Austin, Texas, on Saturday, Nov. 17 before returning to the Coliseum for the final home match of the 2012 regular season against Iowa State on Wednesday, Nov. 21.
The Mountaineers will close out the final regular season match on the road at TCU on Saturday, Nov. 24.
Division I NCAA volleyball championship action will open Thursday, Nov. 29 at respective regional sites.
2012 WVU Volleyball Schedule
Big 12 Media Days: Dana Holgorsen
Women's Soccer: Amanda Hill and Mocha
Big 12 Media Days: Nick Kwiatkoski
Football: Dana Holgorsen on ESPN
Big 12 Media Days: Day One Report
Men's Basketball: Summer Update


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Keeping your shopping local on the world wide web!
Not yet sure that you actually need mushrooms or mushroom-related products? Before you visit Everything Mushroom's shop at 1004 Sevier Ave. in South Knoxville, you can make a recon trip to their website and see the surprising variety of 'shrooms and gourmet items they offer.


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Comment 10 Aug 2011
Definitely the game in 06 vs UM. Sneaking in last minute to get seats at my first skull session, being offered thousands of dollars for my tickets, and of course being able to come home to Michigan with a big smile on my face. Fantastic.
And of course every game in Ann Arbor where we have dominated, nothing like beat UM while your with all of your Michigan friends.


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Beerland 10th Anniversary: Fleshlights, Creamers, Bottle Service, Best Fwends, We Know Where You Live
Fri. 07/08 | 9:00PM
Fri. 07/08 | 9:00PM
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Click "I Like it" for the chance to win a pair of free tickets!
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Amy Anker is an associate in ECJ's Real Estate Department. Ms. Anker's real estate transactional experience involves various types of residential and commercial properties, including high-end luxury homes, multifamily, office, industrial, shopping center, retail and mixed-use developments. Ms. Anker represents owners, investors, purchasers, landlords, tenants, developers, contractors, lenders and borrowers in all stages of the purchase and sale, development, construction, financing, leasing, management and sale-leaseback of properties. Ms. Anker's practice includes review and evaluation of title documents, including extensive covenants, conditions and restrictions (CC&Rs) and complex easement agreements, as well as ALTA surveys and entity formation documents. Ms. Anker's practice also includes negotiation and drafting of design, architectural and construction contracts for a variety of construction projects. In addition, Ms. Anker works closely with the firm's tax and estate planning attorneys to assist in the structuring of intra-family transfers of real property and real property tax appeals.
Ms. Anker is a graduate of the University of California, Berkeley, where she received her Bachelor of Arts degree in Linguistics, summa cum laude, in 2005. She earned her Juris Doctor degree from the University of Southern California Law School, Los Angeles, in 2008. Ms. Anker is a member of the State Bar of California, and she is admitted to practice before the United States District Court for the Central District of California and the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.
Bar Admissions
- California
- U.S. District Court Central District of California
- U.S. Court of Appeals 9th Circuit


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Don't forget to check your spam folder if you cannot find the email. For further assistance please contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com .Okay
Madera Home
Designed from beautifully reclaimed wood from the Qing Dynasty, this silver horse shoe chair will make a stunning addition to any space.


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Mitt Romney ads starts tomorrow in New Hampshire
Via Michael Falcone's Twitter feed, Mitt Romney said his campaign will start airing TV ads in New Hampshire tomorrow — the first of his campaign — beginning with a spot that hits President Barack Obama as the commander in chief comes to the Granite State.Continue Reading
"We'll put the ad up on Tuesday, the very day he comes to" the state, Falcone quoted Romney saying.
He later tweeted that the ad will be previewed during an interview he'll do tonight with Fox News's Sean Hannity, the latest in a string of sudden Fox News appearances that the nominal front-runner has been giving.
Stay tuned.
Get reporter alerts
Maggie Haberman


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Gear Review
Patrick Goodman
must have!
I have taken this on every expedition I have been on for many years and it has never jacked a single battery, only smooth, fast charges. Kinda on the costly side of the gear list, but if you plan on needing to charge anything (Ipod Nano in a 1/2 hr) in the backcountry cloudy or not, this is your rig!!
View More Details on Brunton Solaris 26 Solar Panel


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A 2-part webcast series that delves into trends, epidemiology healthcare initiatives and hemorrhage of Maternal Mortality.
Mead Johnson supports your patients' feeding decisions. Click here for information on Mead Johnson items for hospital breastfeeding support.
Sign up for AAP Pediatric Care Online and get quick, reliable information for your practice.
This webinar will review diagnostic and management strategies for failure to thrive (FTT) by applying the evidence in literature on FTT, discussing quality metrics and integrating a systematic approach to differential diagnosis.
Understand how to incorporate motivational interviewing (MI) when counseling your patients and caregivers affected by metabolic disorders.
Earn continuing education credit, find the most-up-to-date infant and pediatric nutrition recommendations, and download other valuable educational resources.


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SodaStream International shares plummeted last month when the DIY soda company announced disappointing preliminary 2013 earnings results. In the weeks since, the stock has gone on a roller coaster ride as investors digested news that Coca-Cola Coca-Cola is partnering with Green Mountain Coffee Green Mountain Coffee to create a competing product and what that means for SodaStream.
Wednesday, however, SodaStream stock gained around 6% in midday trading Wednesday climbing as high as $42.09 a share. The company's official annual 2013 earnings — out before market open — came in largely in line with the preliminary numbers. Fourth quarter numbers, while alluded to, were not included in the preliminary report, so investors were likely expecting even worse results than they got.
The company reported $168.1 million in fourth quarter revenue, up 26.4% from the same period in 2012. Net income was $700,000 versus $7.5 million a year earlier. Adjusted net income was $3.5 million, compared to $9.4 million. While earnings per share were also down significantly from 36 cents in 2012, the reported 3 cents beat Wall Street analysts' consensus call from a penny.
For the full year, SodaStream reported $562.7 million in revenue up 29% from the prior year. Net income was down 4.2% to $42 million on GAAP basis and up 6% to $53 million on an adjusted measure. Annual earnings per share — also excluded from the preliminary results — came in at $1.96, down from 2012 but ahead ahead of Street the estimate of $1.94.
Last month CEO Daniel Birnbaum explained that the full year numbers were a result of a tough holiday shopping season as well as unfavorable exchange rates and problematic changes in product mix. In Wednesday's reported he echoed these prior statements with a touch more optimism. "While the fourth quarter proved to be more challenging than we expected," he said, "here were several highlights, along with important lessons from the past year that give us confidence about the future."
Looking ahead the company expects 2014 revenue to grow around 15%, which would bring it to about $647 million. It expectes net income to gain 3% to around $43.3 million.
Alluding to the Coca-Cola news Birnbaum added, "Our plan is to capitalize on our first mover advantage and leadership position by accelerating investments in brand building and demand creation in 2014 to capture a greater share of the global carbonated beverage market."


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Tag Archives : Money
in Education 4 Us · 0 Comments
Fearing the high costs of the University? The scholarship money is available, therefore not dismay yet. If you are a college student or the parent of a college student, the debts of the University can hit hard you. College tuition costs are increasing more and more with each passing year, and this does not include even the high price of books, travel, food and housing to be additional costs. High costs [...]
Filed in: Education 4 Us


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A semiconductor device including a vertical assembly of semiconductor chips interconnected on a substrate with one or more metal standoffs providing a fixed space between each supporting chip and a next successive vertically stacked chip is described. The device is fabricated by patterning islands of aluminum atop the passivation layer of each supporting chip simultaneously with processing to form bond pad caps. The fabrication process requires no additional cost, and has the advantage of providing standoffs for a plurality of chips by processing in wafer form, thereby avoiding additional assembly costs. Further, the standoffs provide improved thermal dissipation for the device and a uniform, stable bonding surface for wire bonding each of the chips to the substrate.
1. A process for fabricating a semiconductor chip having metal island standoffs, including the steps of:
providing a semiconductor wafer having a plurality of integrated circuit devices covered by a passivation layer having bond pad openings on the top surface;
depositing a layer of metal comprising aluminum on said wafer;
forming a layer of photoresist atop said metal layer;
aligning a mask having patterns for capping bond pads and for adding islands to said wafer;
exposing and developing the photoresist;
etching to remove unwanted metal from the wafer; and
dicing said wafer into individual chips.
2. A process for assembling a semiconductor device having vertically stacked chips with one or more fixed metal standoff islands separating said chips including the steps of:
providing a substrate having bonding lands and conductive interconnections;
applying a polymeric chip attach adhesive to said substrate;
aligning a supporting chip having one or more metal standoff islands to said adhesive;
applying an adhesive to the islands and area between islands on said supporting chip;
aligning a second chip atop said adhesive on the supporting chip; and
wire bonding each of said chips to said substrate.
3. The process of
This application is a divisional of co-pending application Ser. No. 10/806,520 filed Mar. 23, 2004, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,095,105, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
This invention relates to a semiconductor circuit device; and more particularly to a vertically stacked semiconductor chip device and a method of fabrication.
In the ongoing search for higher levels of circuit integration to support system level requirements, many avenues have been explored. In particular, chip feature sizes have been substantially reduced; wafer processing technologies have been altered to allow different types of circuits on the same chip; and package sizes and foot prints have been minimized. Each approach is limited by state-of-the-art technology and cost constraints, both from the device manufacturer and the end user.
An approach for integration of functions and reduction of device size which facilitates more compact, higher performance systems is the assembly of multiple chips in a single package. Multiple chips of the same or of different device technologies are included on an interconnecting substrate and/or in a single package which provides contacts to the next level of interconnection.
Integration of multiple chips in the same package has been developed both in the horizontal and vertical planes. Historically, the vertical integration of memory circuits has provided a stacked device 10 having an increased memory capacity within the same footprint as a single device, as shown in
More recently, as shown in
Materials which have been used as stand-offs to separate the vertically stacked chips include polymeric films, laminate materials, adhesives, bare silicon chips, and/or a combination of such materials.
Polymeric films may be applied to the wafer and photo patterned to expose the bonding pads, thereby offering the advantage of processing as wafers with multiple chips, rather than as individual chips during final assembly of the devices. However, each additional processing step adds significantly to the wafer cost and increases the probability of introducing defects which contribute to costly yield losses. Other types of materials used as standoffs most frequently require insertion into individual packages during assembly.
Wire bonding is a widely used method to connect each semiconductor chip to the substrate or package. The bond pad is an electrically conductive metal area on the surface of the IC where bonding wires, typically of gold are connected. Copper has become commonly used for some interconnects 311 in integrated circuits, replacing aluminum. However, because of problems bonding to copper, bond pads 31 for chips with copper interconnection technology often utilize an aluminum layer 33 to cap the exposed copper bond pads 31 as illustrated in a cross-sectional view of a portion of a chip 30 in
It is well known that as the size of brittle silicon chips has increased, and the chips are adhered to substrates of different materials, thermal and mechanical stresses develop which can result in yield and reliability failures. Not only can the stresses be of a concern for mechanical distortion and cracking of the chips, interconnections, or interconnection interfaces, but in high speed devices, response times of the chip may be altered, thereby interfering with device performance. Avoiding inclusion of thick, continuous layers of materials having dissimilar coefficients of expansion helps to mitigate thermally induced stresses on the silicon chips.
Another major concern for vertically stacked chips is yield loss due to defects induced either during added processing steps which are necessary to prepare the chips for assembly or during the assembly process itself. Additional processing steps are costly because of fabrication expenses and yield losses.
A method for reliable, high density assembly of semiconductor chips within a small foot print is an important goal; and a method for cost effective assembly of such devices, wherein existing technologies and equipment are utilized, would be welcome.
In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, a semiconductor device including a vertical assembly of semiconductor chips interconnected on a substrate is provided. Metal standoffs patterned on the supporting chips provide a fixed space between the supporting chip and a successive vertically stacked chip. Wire bonds connect each chip to the substrate, and a polymeric adhesive secures the first chip to the substrate, and successive chips to their respective supporting chip. A supporting chip is any chip having another chip disposed atop it in a vertical device assembly. There may be more than one supporting chip and more than one second or stacked chip in a given device. Preferably, the device is within the footprint of a single semiconductor package.
In the preferred embodiment, the standoffs are patterned islands comprising aluminum which has been deposited and patterned atop the passivation layer on the active surface of each supporting chip, simultaneously with processing steps used to form bond pad caps. The fabrication process adds no additional cost, and has the advantage of providing standoffs for a plurality of chips by processing in wafer form, thereby avoiding additional cost.
A device with vertically stacked chips offers advantages both in device density, thereby minimizing circuit board space, and in increased operating speed for closely spaced interactive chips. The use of patterned aluminum islands as spacers between stacked chips offers additional advantages in providing good thermal conductivity to dissipate and spread heat through the chip stack and in avoiding additional processing steps. Further, because there is a discontinuity between the island elements, stresses arising from dissimilar coefficients of thermal expansion of the semiconductor chips and the metal islands can be relieved and mitigated. The deposited and etched islands have uniform height across the supporting chip and provide a stable wire bonding surface.
Another embodiment of the invention provides a semiconductor chip having one or more metal islands of fixed thickness atop the passivation layer. Preferably the islands comprise aluminum or other thermally conductive material which is readily processed by known wafer processing techniques and equipment. Raised metal islands of this embodiment are useful as standoffs, and/or as heat spreaders.
A method for fabrication of metal islands atop the passivation layer of semiconductor chips in wafer form preferably includes deposition of a metal comprising aluminum simultaneously with processing to form bond pad caps. A photoresist is applied, a photo mask which includes patterns for both the bond pad caps and the standoff islands is aligned, and the resist is exposed and developed. As in the existing cap process, the unwanted metal is removed by etching. A wafer having a plurality of chips with patterned metal islands atop the passivation is separated into individual chips for assembly into a packaged device. The preferred method incurs no additional cost or yield loss to wafer fabrication.
In alternate embodiments, chips having aluminum interconnection metallization and/or bond pads which do not require cap metal, stand-off islands are processed either by deposition of metal, patterning, and etching, by deposition of metal through a mask with openings for the islands, or by plating.
A preferred method for assembly of a stacked chip device having patterned metal standoffs includes adhering a supporting chip with metal standoffs to an interconnecting substrate, applying a polymeric adhesive material to the top surface of the standoffs and area between standoffs, aligning, and placing a second chip atop the standoffs. If more than two chips are included in the stack, the process is repeated. The adhesive, preferably a thermosetting polymer such as an epoxy filled with thermally conductive filler, is cured and each of the chips is wire bonded to the substrate. The adhesive forms a very thin layer on top of the standoffs, thereby allowing good thermal conductivity and stability to the assembly.
Preferably the stacked chip assembly is housed in a BGA package or other package substrate having interconnections between the chips and the next level of interconnection.
A device having vertically stacked chips offers advantages both in reduced device density to minimize circuit board space needs, and increased operating speed between closely spaced interactive chips. The use of aluminum or other metal islands as spacers offers additional advantages in providing increased thermal conductivity to dissipate and spread heat through the chip stack. Aluminum islands avoid additional processing steps for devices having copper interconnections and bond pads with aluminum bond pad caps. Aluminum caps facilitate wire bonding with gold wire bonds using existing techniques and equipment.
Further, because the island spacers preferably are discontinuous on large chips, stresses arising from dissimilar coefficients of thermal expansion of the active semiconductor components and the metal islands can be relieved and mitigated. Stacked chip devices having metal island standoffs which have been deposited and etched provide a uniform and fixed space between chips, and the assembly provides a firm bonding surface.
Uppermost chips 505 and 507 in a stack require no metal islands. However, metal islands may be added for process simplification, for heat spreading, and/or if the chip potentially is used in an application requiring standoffs.
In another embodiment, a semiconductor chip having metal islands on the first surface is provided.
The area of the islands is a function of the size of both the supporting and stacked second chips. Multiple islands having space between them are preferable for large chips wherein thermal expansion mismatches may need relief. However, for small chips, a single island is acceptable. Preferably, the metal standoff is large enough to provide a balanced support for the second chip.
The preferred process for fabrication of metal islands to provide separation between stacked chips and/or to increase thermal conductivity of a semiconductor device is in wafer form using existing metal deposition, photo processing and etching techniques. A wafer having bond pads comprising copper and having a passivation layer with openings for wire bonding is provided. The process steps outlined in
The device and fabrication processes have been described for a chip having copper bonding pads and an aluminum cap to provide a suitable wire bonding surface. However, for devices having aluminum bond pads or other bonding surfaces which do not require a cap, metal islands are fabricated atop the passivation either by deposition, photo patterning and etching, or by deposition through mask openings. The deposited metal may be aluminum or an alternate low cost, readily deposited metal having good thermal conductivity and stability.
Assembly of the stacked chip device, as outlined in
In an alternate assembly process, each chip is wire bonded to the substrate prior to stacking the second chip and bonding.
If more than two vertically stacked chips are included in the device, the first and second chips are assembled as described above, an adhesive is applied to standoffs and the top of the second chip, the adhesive is cured and the wire bonds attached.
In those devices having more than one chip placed side by side on a supporting chip, the assembly is as described for a two chip stack; i.e., a single cure and wire bond process.
Each of the process steps for assembly of the vertically stacked chip device having metal standoffs on the supporting chips are known in the industry and require no additional equipment or process development.
It will be recognized that while specific embodiments of the invention are described in detail above, numerous variations and modifications fall within the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
Referenziert von
Juristische Ereignisse


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The Obama wave, which has been building for months, reached the proportions of a tidal wave after Iowa. It is now about to submerge, sink, and drown the Clinton campaign, and with it, the Clinton era will come, finally, to a close.
The Clinton years lasted from 1992 to 2007. In the early days of January 2008, a young, graceful senator from Illinois, liberal and likeable, with only a few years of experience in the U.S. Senate, stood up to Hillary and Bill Clinton and the vaunted Clinton machine and ran rings around all of them. Every effort to try to derail Obama came back to hurt them. Just this morning Senator Clinton told ABC's "Good Morning America" that Obama "is a very talented politician" but "if he's going to be competing for president – and especially to get the Democratic nomination and go up against whomever the Republican put up – I think it is really time to start comparing and contrasting him as I have been scrutinized for all of this year." Obama's response on the same program? "I find the manner in which they've been running their campaign sort of depressing lately." That is quite a clever response: short and true and devastating. Senator Clinton came across as peevish and angry during Saturday's night debate.
I have said before that to watch Obama v. Clinton is to be reminded of watching Ali v. Foreman. The de facto knockout blow is about to be delivered tomorrow in the snowy streets of New Hampshire. Hillary Clinton certainly won't drop out after her loss; she will stagger on but prove unable to stop Obama. And to watch the Clintons' rage and desperation grow in the last days of this campaign will not be pretty. They will lash out at everyone, including Obama, the media, her own campaign, and maybe, eventually, each other.
This is a couple not known for their grace or for holding lightly to their grip on power.
There are many things to say about the deeper meaning of this moment and what its passing will signify. Suffice it to say that it will be good, very good, for us to say farewell to the couple that brought you Carville, Begala, Blumenthal, and Ickes; the "war room," the use of private investigators, and attacks on women like Dolly Kyle Browning, Paula Jones, Gennifer Flowers, and Kathleen Willey; impeachment for perjurious, false and misleading testimony to a grand jury; contempt of court findings; the promiscuous smearing of those whom they viewed as threat to their power; the charges of a "vast right-wing conspiracy" and assurances that "I did not have sexual relations with that woman"; and so much more.
On the eve of the New Hampshire vote and all it will mean, it's worth recalling the words of the late, great Michael Kelly:
The lie at the heart of the vast and varied lie that is Bill Clinton's defense is that lying is a victimless crime – and something that properly exists as a moral concern only between the liar and his maker and a few people immediately affected. But this is not so. Lying corrupts, and an absolute liar corrupts absolutely, and the corruption spread by the lies of the absolutely mendacious Clinton is becoming frightening to behold.
After she loses, Hillary Clinton will remain in the Senate, of course, and Bill Clinton will continue to make millions through his public speeches. They will not completely disappear from the national scene. But their days as a Democratic dynasty, and their center-stage role in American politics, are about to end.


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An array of micromirror devices is fabricated using standard surface-micromachining techniques such that the reflective mirror surfaces are anchored by a trapped joint rather than by rigid support flexures. These devices are therefore multi-stable in actuation rather than continuous like typical micromirror devices in which the restoring spring force of the flexures is used to balance the force of electrostatic actuation. As a result, the flexureless micromirror can be actuated to specific stable positions that make it ideal for optical switching. Since no direct mechanical connection is required to support the mirror surfaces, these devices can be switched between stable positions in binary fashion and at higher speeds.
1. A flexureless micromirror device in a structural assembly, comprising a micromirror surface attached to one or more support columns, said support columns being anchored to the structural assembly of the device by a flexible locking joint, whereby the mirror surface is free to move about the joint and the mirror surface can be electronically switched between multiple stable positions.
2. The flexureless micromirror device in claim 1, whereby said micromirror is attached by a single central support column and said support column is anchored to said structural assembly by a pin-joint.
3. The flexureless micromirror device in claim 1, whereby a square micromirror is attached by four support columns at its four corners and said support columns are anchored to said structural assembly by pin-joints.
The conditions under which this invention was made are such as to entitle the Government of the United States under paragraph 1(a) of Executive Order 10096, as represented by the Secretary of the Air Force, to the entire right, title and interest therein, including foreign rights.
1. Field of the Invention
The field of Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) uses a variety of fabrication technologies, such as surface micromachining developed for the integrated circuit industry, to create highly miniaturized mechanical devices (usually 1 μm to 1 mm in size) on a microelectronic chip. This invention is in the field of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), and in particular relates to the field of optical MEMS which includes micromirror devices used for a variety of optical applications.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The majority of microelectromechanical systems (EMS) in use today are fabricated in a variety of surface micromachining processes. Surface micromachined devices are formed by the alternate deposition of structural layers to form the device and sacrificial spacer layers to provide mechanical and electrical isolation. Polycrystalline silicon (polysilicon) is the most commonly used structural material and silicon dioxide (oxide) glass is the most commonly used sacrificial material. These layers, formed above a silicon substrate isolated with a layer of silicon nitride, are patterned (using the same advanced photolithography technology employed by the microelectronics industry) to form intricate structures such as motors, gears, mirrors, and various sensors. Cuts made through the oxide layers are used to anchor the upper structural levels to the substrate or to the underlying mechanical structures. At the end of the process, the sacrificial layers are removed using various techniques, such as a hydrofluoric acid release etch, which frees the device to move relative to the substrate. (M. A. Michalicek, J. H. Comtois, and H. K. Schriner, "Design and fabrication of optical MEMS using a four-level, planarized, surface-micromachined polysilicon5 process," Proc. SPIE, Vol. 3276, pp. 48-55, 1998.)
The complexity of the micromachines that can be manufactured in a given process is a function of the number of independent layers of structural material the technology provides. A single independent level of structural material limits designers to simple sensors. Geared mechanisms require two releasable structural layers, a Poly-1 layer to form the gears and a Poly-2 layer to form the locking hub above the ground layer (Poly-0). Motorized geared mechanisms require a minimum of three independent levels. Far more complex mechanisms and systems require even more structural layers.
Surface micromachining fabrication of electronics and MEMS is well developed and widely used both privately and commercially. Countless companies, universities, and government agencies have fabricated micromechanical devices for the last 10 years or more. However, only recently has a fabrication process emerged which offers a unique "pin-joint" feature designed for making the hubs of rotating gear mechanisms. The Sandia Ultra-planar Multi-level MEMS Technology (SUMMiT) process is available through Sandia National Laboratories and offers such a feature for creating locking mechanism that are free to rotate about the joint. This same feature has enabled a novel design of micromirror devices that do not require support flexures (as was the standard) to counteract the force of actuation of the device. As a result, the locking joint supports the mirror surface without a rigid assembly and allows the device to switch between multiple stable positions at high speeds.
In the present invention, a locking "pin-joint" is used to secure a micromirror reflective surface to the underlying support and actuation structure of the device. No support flexures or other support features are rigidly attached to the device. The "pin-joint" works in much the same way as typical large-scale joints such that a thin support column passes through a small window in a support post anchored to the chip. The base of the column contains a mass of material that is larger than the window, thus preventing the column from escaping the hold of the anchored support post. The play in the joint allows the column to tilt around the center of the joint. When a mirror surface is attached to this column and numerous landing pads are placed around the edges of the surface, a flexureless micromirror device is created for optical switching between multi-stable positions. Any fabrication process can be used to realize such a device provided only that a similar "pin-joint" can be created.
FIGS. 1a-1d show a step-by-step process of the creation of the "pin-joint" micromirror support.
FIG. 2 contains a scanned image of micrograph of the enabling "pin-joint" used for rotating gear mechanisms.
FIGS. 3a-3b show a scanned image of two arrays of flexureless micromirrors that use this "pin-joint" support design.
FIG. 4 shows a scanned image of one of these arrays actuated to one of the four stable switching positions.
All previous designs of micromirror devices have incorporated some form of flexure mechanism that is used to support the mirror surface and suspend it over an address electrode used to electrostatically actuate the mirror surface. The flexures provide a restoring spring force on the mirror that is used to balance the electrostatic force of the address electrode. Therefore, the mirror surface is free to move according to the address potential of the electrode. These flexures are rigidly attached to the mirror surface and allow for a continuous range of actuation between zero and some maximum deflection.
The flexureless micromirror device, however, is a unique form in which no flexure mechanism is used to support the mirror surface. Instead, the mirror surface is supported by a column that is anchored to the structural assembly of the device by a locking "pin-joint" that allows the mirror surface to move freely about the joint. Since no continuous restoring force is supplied by flexures, the mirror surface can be actuated only to stable positions in which the mirror surface rests against some landing pad. When unactuated, the mirror surface is free to move in random motion.
The particular "pin-joint" used for the prototype of the flexureless micromirror devices is a standard feature of the SUMMiT fabrication process. Although this process will be used to explain the joint, it should be noted that any process can be used to create such a joint and similar flexureless devices. The first releasable mechanical layer to be surface micromachined above the substrate is the Poly-1 layer that is used to anchor the support structure. FIG. 1 contains cross-sectional illustrations of the fabrication of a "pin-joint" for flexureless micromirror devices. FIG. 1a illustrates the Poly-1 layer above the first oxide sacrificial layer (Oxide-1) and shows a small window cut to expose the oxide. A timed etch is used to remove a small portion of this sacrificial oxide beneath the Poly-1 anchor to create a three-dimensional cavity.
The following deposition of a thin oxide layer (Oxide-2) will conform to the features of the Poly-1 anchor layer and to the inside wall of the cavity. As shown in FIG. 1b, the following deposition of Poly-2 creates a small column of structural material that is trapped by the original Poly-1 anchor layer. The mass of Poly-2 material that prevents the column from escaping the hold of the anchor layer is formed by the conformal deposition of the Poly-2 layer inside the etched cavity. The following Oxide-3 and Poly-3 layers are deposited to form the actual mirror surface, as shown in FIG. 1c, and then the device is released, as shown in FIG. 1d, to free the micromirror device for motion about the formed support joint. FIG. 2 shows a micrograph of such a "pin-joint" feature that was created for rotating gear mechanisms using the SUMMiT fabrication process.
This type of "pin-joint" uses the thin layer of Oxide-2 as the spacing between the hub of the gear and the surrounding Poly-1 support plate that anchors it to the substrate. Since this layer is so thin, the mechanical tolerance between the two structures is very small and is nearly ideal for rotating mechanisms. However, there is still a small degree of mechanical play in the joint and it is sufficient to allow for 10-15 degrees of tilt about the axis normal to the substrate.
FIG. 3a shows an array of micromirrors with the center rectangle 1 containing six squares in successive stages of production. This rectangle is surrounded by square micromirrors 2 in various alignments. The left column of two squares shows the underlying wiring 3. The middle column corresponds to the FIG. 1 arrangement with the Poly-1 plate anchored at the four corners and a "pin-joint" cut in the shape of a "plus" 4 at the center of the anchor plate. In the right column, the small Poly-2 plate 5 is all that is visible of the "pin-joint" column to which the final Poly-3 mirror surface is anchored. This design allowed for the most significant amount of tilting (up to approximately ±18 degrees) as can be seen by the unactuated mirror surfaces 2 shown in the remainder of the array. The thin strips 6 shown between the devices are used for post-process metallization. More importantly, however, they are used to provide a stable landing platform for the mirror surface once it is actuated. For these devices, the platforms create four stable switching positions around the edge of the mirror surface. The eight dots 7 in each square are the via holes attaching the wiring to the address electrodes.
Likewise, FIG. 3b shows a similar device having a Poly-1 plate anchored at the center. This device uses four "pinjoint" cuts 10 at the corners of the plate to minimize adverse rotation. Note that the square micromirrors of FIG. 3b are more uniformly lined up since they have less rotational freedom than those in FIG. 3a.
These arrays are actuated electrostatically by applying an address potential between the mirror surface and the address electrode of choice. FIG. 4 illustrates the actuation of the array. It is an optical microscope image of a flexureless micromirror array actuated away from the light source (light enters from the right while the micromirrors are oriented toward the left). The dark cone on the left is a probe tip used here to actuate the electrodes. Each micromirror device in the array is switched to a stable position that deflects the incoming light source away from the microscope objective. Using voltages compatible with electronics, the flexureless micromirror device demonstrates its usefulness for multi-stable optical switching.
The key point is that the micromirrors are attached to the substrate by a flexible locking joint that gives them a certain freedom to be tilted. The micromirrors can be in various shapes. For example, round micromirrors can be actuated electrostatically to tilt in any direction while square mirrors can be tilted in one of four directions. The address electrode choice would depend on the mirror shape.
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Hyundai to recall 47,000 cars in US and Korea
South Korea's top automaker Hyundai Motor announced Wednesday it would recall 47,300 of its latest-model Sonata sedans in the United States and the domestic market due to a door lock problem.
The firm said 1,300 of the cars already sold in the United States and another 46,000 in South Korea would be called back from March in response to complaints of faulty front-door locks on some of them.
Its US dealers were ordered Tuesday to stop selling the model, which was launched domestically in September and in the United States this month.
The recall comes at a sensitive time for the world auto industry, with Japan's Toyota forced to recall millions of vehicles worldwide. Its top US executive Akio Toyoda was to testify later Wednesday to US lawmakers about the safety problems.
Hyundai officials said that "in very rare instances" the front doors of some of the new Sonatas cannot be closed properly if a motorist simultaneously pulls the door latch and holds down the lock from inside.
"To avoid a possible occurrence of the problem, Hyundai has been applying modified parts to some of its Korean and US production models," the firm said in a statement, adding there had been a "handful" of customer complaints.
"Hyundai has full confidence in its early warning system which tracks customer complaints worldwide and analyses patterns in reported problems," it said.
Hyundai said it would notify both the US and South Korean transportation authorities this week of its voluntary recall.
The affected sedan is Hyundai's latest midsized model, marketed as "YF Sonata" in South Korea and "2011 Sonata" in the United States.
Hyundai, together with its sister company Kia Motors, is the world's fifth largest automaker and controls more than 70 percent of South Korea's car market. The Sonata has been Hyundai's best-selling model domestically.
Shares of Hyundai Motor closed 2.56 percent lower Wednesday.
Last year Hyundai and Kia were two of few major carmakers to increase sales in the US market despite the economic slump.
Hyundai's US auto sales rose 8.3 percent to 435,064 in 2009, giving it a market share there of 4.2 percent compared to 3 percent in 2008.
In 2010 it aims to increase its US market share to 4.5 percent.
Category: Korea


text:
New technology featured at conference helps Bexar County fight crime
Fingerprinting, facial recognition technology stand out
SAN ANTONIO - A new push by law enforcement in Bexar County is aimed at using improved technology to help solve crimes.
The 26th annual AFIS Internet Users Conference is being held at the Westin River Walk Hotel, and is attracting law enforcement from around the country.
The conference is being put on by the Bexar County Sheriff's Office and NEC, the company behind the Automated Fingerprint Identification System.
The AFIS has been integral in solving crime in Bexar County by using enhanced finger-printing methods to identify prints lifted from crime scenes, officials said.
Diana Barrera's husband, Manuel, was killed in a random act of violence back in 2008. Crime scene technicians were able to lift a print from the scene, although it was of very poor quality.
Using technology developed by the AFIS, investigators were able to enhance that image, identify the suspect, and make three arrests in the case.
Those arrests, according to experts at the conference, never would have happened without the enhanced technology.
Advancements like those are fast becoming the norm in law enforcement.
Aside from fingerprinting, the conference also feature facial recognition technology. It scans faces in real-time, matching people's faces to those already recorded in the system's database.
The technology is being explored by the Bexar County Sheriff's Office to be put into use at it's jail and the county courthouse.
For a list of recent stories Matt Rivers has done, click here.
Copyright 2012 by KSAT.com All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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My son is musically talented, plays keyboard, trumpet, learning carnatic music, good singer, good looking, shy and quiet. He has accompanied top (professional - cine fame) singers visiting from India on his keyboard. He has the ability to play melody and chords instantly. He is involved in many voluntary social service activities. Speaks English and can understand Tamil and Telugu. Completed MSME in 2010 (attended Villanova University.. a highly reputed University in the USA) and currently pursuing PhD in mechanical engineering. He has completed all course work requirements for PhD. He is working on his dissertation for his PhD. He is expecting to complete his PhD in end of 2013. We are also looking for a suitable match for our daughter Priya
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that the bride for our son and bride groom for our daughter to be from the same family. Parents immigrated to USA from Tamilnadu in mid 80's. Father is a mechanical engineer and has a masters degree in mechanical engineering. Mother is a (IT) program manager and has a masters degree from IIT (Madras). He has a younger sister Priya
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