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Posted at: 07/17/2013 3:01 PM
Updated at: 07/17/2013 5:57 PM
The Beijing Restaurant off Superior Street in Duluth is going to close on July 28th.
The owner told us he has been around for 19 years. He's going to take a long vacation in China, and then possibly re-open at another location.
His location is in a small strip mall that all of the other tenants vacated earlier. CVS is planning on building a pharmacy there.
Customers told us they are sad about the news. Beijing is a popular place for many in that neighborhood and throughout Duluth.

subset: commoncrawl


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Ravens 26 texans 10. The game is close, or maybe tied at half but we pull away in the second half
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Ravens 26 texans 10. The game is close, or maybe tied at half but we pull away in the second half
Ravens 26-10. 10 - 14 point lead at the half. Score on first possession of 2nd half. Then play not to lose.
24-13 Ravens
Ravens 30, Texans 13
I think the game could be relatively close (say 20-10 or 20-13 Ravens) in the 2nd half, but the tide will be turned on a Pick-6 by Webb or, wait for it......REEEEEEEEEEEEEED.:beavisnbutthead2:
24-17 Ravens
20-9, Good guys.
Ravens 41 Texans 17 ;):happyanim
Ravens 27
Texans 16
no 24
sf 27
den 24
ne 34
nyg 17
gb 42
Ravens - 24
Texans - 16
Although there are some personnel differences between this game and the earlier matchup, I suspect that this will play out the same way, close through three quarters and then the Ravens pulling away. If the Ravens don't turn the ball over, I don't see the Texans putting up a lot of points. Ravens, 23-10.
Texans 20-17 over the Ravens
Based on the Ravens' competition involving top tier defenses and the Texans' games while Yates has been at the helm, I predict
Ravens - 24
Texans - 19
This game concerns me only SLIGHTLY more than the recent Colts game... warm/dome team playing in frigid weather (seen the forecast?) in front of an extremely hostile crowd (deer in the headlights QB..), Suggs and Ngata licking their chops to get after a 3rd string rookie qb, Boldin back, Flacco with a chip on his shoulder, bye week (team rested and ready...), winning IT for Ray and Ed, no Texas team has ever beat the Ravens, and this one ain't gonna break that trend... Sorry, Texan fans, this is gonna be a beat down, double digits...
Doubters shut the fuck up. Flacco has 5 dropped passes in first quarter yet he doesn't give a damn and gets it done anyways. He has been SUPERB.


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The Pentagon is denying a report from the Times of London that Gen. David Petraeus will leave his post as chief of U.S. and NATO forces in Afghanistan before the end of the year.
Calling the article from the Times "sensational speculation," Geoff Morrell, the Pentagon press secretary issued a statement saying, "I can assure you General Petraeus is not quitting as ISAF commander." Morrell said that while Petraeus does not "plan to stay in Afghanistan forever" his departure is certainly not imminent. "Obviously he will rotate out at some point, but that point has not yet been determined and it will not occur anytime soon," Morrell said. "Until then, he will continue to ably lead our coalition forces in Afghanistan."
The statement came out after the Times reported Petraeus would be leaving as "part of a sweeping reorganisation of top American officials in Afghanistan, which the Obama Administration hopes to present as proof that its strategy does not depend on the towering reputation of one man."
The reports of his departure sparked speculation that Petraeus, a popular military figure, might be trying to become chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the post from which Mike Mullen is expected to retire in October.


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Library Reroofing Project March 18, 2013 – April 12, 2013
Carrie Henteleff March 17, 2013 Law Library News and Events, Law Students Comments Off
We're getting a new roof! Construction on the Law Library roof will begin Monday, March 18, 2013 and will be completed Friday, April 12, 2013. To minimize noise and disruption, the work will be done weekdays from 10:00 pm – 6:30 am. The largest part of the project will be the dome over the Treatise Collection on the 2nd floor. Thank you for your patience and please let us know if you have concerns about the noise.


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Guadeloupe, overseas département and overseas region of France consisting of a group of islands in the Lesser Antilles chain in the eastern Caribbean Sea. The nearest neighbours of the principal islands are the British overseas territory of Montserrat to the northwest and the republic of Dominica to the south. The island of Martinique, also a French overseas département, lies about 74 miles (120 km) to the south.
The main territory of Guadeloupe consists of the twin islands of Basse-Terre to the west and Grande-Terre to the east, the two being separated by a narrow channel, the Salée River; other islands in the group are Marie-Galante to the southeast, La Désirade to the east, and the Saintes Islands (Terre d'en Haut and Terre d'en Bas) to the south. Two French overseas collectivities—Saint-Barthélemy and Saint-Martin, the French-administered part of the island of Saint Martin (the southern third of which is administered by The Netherlands as Sint Maarten)—were part of Guadeloupe until 2007. They are situated about 150 miles (240 km) to the northwest, lying to the northwest of the outer arc of the Lesser Antilles. Basse-Terre, on the island of the same name, is the seat of government. The largest urban area, however, centres around Pointe-à-Pitre on Grande-Terre, the chief port and economic hub of Guadeloupe.
Relief and drainage
Basse-Terre, which accounts for more than half of Guadeloupe's land area, has a chain of mountains running north to south and culminating in Soufrière, a volcano rising to 4,813 feet (1,467 metres) above sea level; it erupted in 1797, 1837, and 1976–77 and is now a source of hot springs and sulfur springs. Other summits of note are Mount Sans Toucher, at 4,442 feet (1,354 metres), and Grande Découverte, at 4,143 feet (1,263 metres). The mountain chain forms a watershed from which rivers run down to the sea. The principal river on the island is the Goyaves; other streams are the Grande Plaine, the Petite Plaine, the Moustique, the Lézarde, and the Rose. Basse-Terre's coastline is indented with bays and fringed with picturesque beaches. Grande-Terre has an area of 220 square miles (570 square km) and is generally low-lying; it has only a few bluffs higher than 490 feet (150 metres).
The tropical climate is tempered by the northeast trade winds. The temperature on the coast varies between 77 and 82 °F (25 and 28 °C), with extremes of 68 and 93 °F (20 and 34 °C). In the mountains above 1,900 feet (580 metres) the temperature may drop to 61 °F (16 °C), and at the summit of Soufrière to 39 °F (4 °C). There are two distinct seasons—the dry season (December to April), often called "Creole Lent" locally, and the rainy season (July to September–October). Precipitation varies with elevation and orientation. Grande-Terre receives approximately 40 inches (990 mm) of rain a year, while the mountainous parts of Basse-Terre receive more than 100 inches (2,540 mm). Hurricanes (tropical cyclones) occur occasionally, in most cases coming from the south.
Plant and animal life
The heat, rainfall, and fertility of the volcanic soils produce a luxuriant vegetation diversified according to elevation. About two-fifths of the islands' area, most of it on Basse-Terre, is covered by forests. Extensive mangrove swamps cover the banks of the Salée River. Dense forest grows in the mountainous regions of Basse-Terre, beginning almost at sea level on the windward slopes and at elevations of about 750 to 3,000 feet (230 to 900 metres) or more on the leeward side. There chestnut trees and bracken are found, as well as such hardwoods as mahogany and ironwood. On the highest peaks some flooded basins are covered with grasses and sedges. Grande-Terre, cleared of most of its original forests, has only a few patches of woodland. The smaller islands, such as La Désirade, have a different type of vegetation, consisting primarily of dry forest with groves of latania (a kind of fan palm) and cactus.
Animal life has been modified since colonial times. Raccoons are plentiful and are sought for their fur. Agoutis (short-haired, short-eared, rabbitlike rodents), mongooses, and Guadeloupe woodpeckers inhabit the highlands of the island of Basse-Terre. In some regions, wild ducks, waterfowl, and teal are found.
The warm waters around the islands support a rich variety of marine life, including lobsters, crabs, octopuses, tarpons, snooks (a basslike kind of fish), hogfishes, snappers, parrot fishes, and many species of rays.
The population is composed principally of Creoles (i.e., persons born in the islands), most of whom are of mixed African (black) and European (white) ancestry. The largest minorities in Guadeloupe are the black and French Amerindian groups. The white population greatly declined during the period of the French Revolution at the end of the 18th century; today whites make up only a tiny minority. On the smaller islands, whites are mostly descended from 17th-century Norman and Breton settlers. French is the official language, and a local creole is also widely spoken. Some four-fifths of the people are Roman Catholic; there are also smaller proportions of Jehovah's Witnesses and Protestants.
Guadeloupe's population has a low rate of natural increase compared with other West Indian islands. Its birth and death rates are lower than the Caribbean average but about the same as those of its French counterpart, Martinique. The vast majority of the population resides on the two largest islands; Marie-Galante is the next most populous island, followed by Saintes Islands and La Désirade.
Government services are central to the island's economy, which is primarily sustained by the salaries of officials and by French aid in the form of allocations and grants. Tourism, which has grown in importance, is the main source of foreign exchange. Manufacturing and agriculture account for few jobs. The islanders' standard of living is among the highest in the eastern Caribbean.
1On February 22, 2007, Saint-Martin (the northern half of the island of St. Martin) and Saint-Barthélemy formally separated from Guadeloupe to become overseas collectivities of France.
2Guadeloupe is simultaneously administered as an overseas region (région d'outre-mer).
3Assembly for overseas department.
4Assembly for overseas region.
|Official name
|Département d'Outre-Mer de la Guadeloupe (Overseas Department of Guadeloupe)1, 2
|Political status
|overseas department/overseas region (France) with two legislative houses (Departmental Council3 [40]; Regional Council4 [41])
|Head of state
|President of France: François Hollande
|Heads of government
|Prefect (for France): Jacques Billant; President of the Departmental Council (for Guadeloupe): Josette Borel-Lincertin; President of the Regional Council (for Guadeloupe): Victorin Lurel
|Official language
|Official religion
|Monetary unit
|euro (€)
|(2014 est.) 406,000
|Total area (sq mi)
|Total area (sq km)
|Urban-rural population
|Urban: (2009) 98.5%
Rural: (2009) 1.5%
|Life expectancy at birth
|Male: (2011) 77 years
Female: (2011) 83.5 years
|Literacy: percentage of population age 15 and over literate
|Male: not available
Female: not available
|GNI per capita (U.S.$)
|(2009) 25,243


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Your boss wants a commitment. You want to offer a prediction. Agile, you say, only allows you to estimate and predict – not to commit. "Horse-hockey!" your boss exclaims, "I want one throat to choke, and it will be yours if you don't make a commitment and meet it." There's a way to keep yourself off the corporate gallows – estimate, predict, and commit – using agile principles.
This is an article about agile product management and release planning.
Change and Uncertainty
In the dark ages before your team became agile, you would make estimates and commitments. You never exactly met your commitments, and no one really noticed. That was how the game was played. You made a commitment, everyone knew it would be wrong, but they expected it anyway. Maybe your boss handicapped your commitment, removing scope, lowering expectations, padding the schedule. Heck, that's been the recipe for success since they planned the pyramids.
It makes sense.
- Your early estimates are wrong. When you add them up, the total will be wrong. If you do PERT estimation, the law of large numbers will help you in aggregate. But you'll still be wrong.
- The outside demands on, and availability of, your people will change. Unplanned sick time, attrition, levels of commitment over time, lots of "people stuff" is really unknown.
- The needs of your customers will change. Markets evolve over time. You get smarter, your competitors get better, your customer's expectations change.
Agile processes are designed to help you deliver what your customer actually needs, not what was originally asked for. Contrast the two worlds.
In the old world, you would commit to delivering a couple pyramids. After spending double your budget, with double the project duration, you would have delivered one pyramid. When you deliver it, you find out that sphinxes are all the rage. Oops.
Your team changed to agile, so that you could deliver the sphinx. But your Pharaoh still wants a commitment to deliver a couple pyramids (the smart ones will be expecting to get just one). You can stay true to agile, and still mollify your boss' need to have a commitment, if you take advantage of the first-principles of why agile estimation works.
A commitment is a factual prediction of the future. "This will take two weeks." Nobody is prescient.
A factual prediction has to be nuanced. "I expect* this will take no more than two weeks."
*in reality, this is shorthand for a mathematical prediction, such as "I expect, with 95% confidence, that this will take no more than two weeks."
Few non-scientist, non-engineers, non-mathematicians understand that 95% confidence has a precise meaning. People usually interpret it to mean "a 5% chance that it will take more than two weeks." What it really means is that if this exact same task were performed twenty thousand times (in a hypothetical world, of course), then nineteen thousand of those times, it would be completed in under two weeks – do you feel lucky?
To make a statement like this, you actually have to create a PERT estimate – identifying the best-case, worst-case, and most-likely case for how long a task will take.
Unfortunately, we're rarely asked to make a commitment about a single task – but rather a large collection of tasks – well-defined, ill-defined, and undefined.
You can combine PERT estimates for the individual tasks, resulting in an overall estimate of the collection of tasks.
The beauty of this approach is that the central limit theorem, and the law of large numbers, work to help you estimate a collection of tasks – you can actually provide better estimates of a group of tasks than a single task. This obviously helps with the well-defined tasks that you know about at the start of the project. This even helps with the ill-defined tasks. Rationalists will argue that the key, then, is to do more up-front research to discover the undefined tasks – and then we're set. As Frederick Brooks (Mythical Man-Month) points out in The Design of Design, this debate has been going on since Descartes and Locke. It is not a new idea.
Big Up-Front Design and Requirements (BUFD & BUFR) hasn't worked particularly well, so far.
Don't throw out the baby with the bath-water, however. The math of estimation is still important and useful. Even if empiricism is not the silver bullet.


text:
50 years ago, 1964: Plans were revealed for the construction of a new $100,000 nine-hole golf course and pro shop in Huron Township. G.W. Didion asked Huron Township Planning Commission to rezone 86 acres near the Boss and Bogart roads intersection.
25 years ago, 1989: Industry spewed at least 22.5 billion pounds of toxic and cancer-causing chemicals into the nations' air, land and water in 1987, the government said in a unprecedented report that officials called "startling." A top EPA official said the enormous amount of chemicals was "unacceptably high."
10 years ago, 2004: The Erie County Senior Center took its 18th prescription bus trip to Canada and saved more than $700,000. The folks on the bus trips are people who do not qualify any assistance or discount programs. They just want to pay a fair price for their prescription drugs.


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A wireless modem might work. You cannot connect it directly to the Wii to get internet. You would need to make sure it is hooked up to your computer and internet access. Locate your SSID or access point name. Then click Search for Access Point on the Wireless connection area of the Wii under Wii settings. Then click on your access point name. If it is locked, you will need your WEP key or password to enter in. Then you just test the connection and see if it works.
Another way is to get the Wii LAN Adapter for wired connections. They cost about $30. You would plug this into a USB port behind the Wii, plug an ethernet cord into the LAN adapter, then plug the other end into your modem. Then you would choose Wired Connection and simply test it.
Hope this helps.


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Environmental Resource Management and Pollution Prevention Certificate and Degree Program
Description: In this career-oriented program, students are trained in the interrelated fields of environmental resource management (sustainable multiple-use management of our fundamental environmental resources – air, water, land, food and extracted materials) and pollution prevention. The training received is multidisciplinary, covering the areas of law/regulation, public health, economics, and science and technology, and includes coursework covering a variety of practical management tools that employers look for.
Job Opportunities: Upon completion, students are prepared for employment as environmental management/pollution prevention specialists in a wide range of positions and settings, including working for business/industry, government agencies, professional consulting firms, and non-profit organizations.
Certificates/Degrees Offered:
Core Courses:
To Get Started:
Information Packet: ERM&P2 Program Information Packet (PDF file)
Core Course Descriptions:
ES 50 Introduction to Environmental Protection and Pollution Prevention (2 units)
ES 62C Env Mgmt Tools: Environmental Site Assessments (2 units)
ES 64 AB 32 (California Global Warming Solutions Act) (1 unit)
Email: Jeff Staudinger
Phone: 408.864.5318
Office: 212 Kirsch Center
Office Hours:


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Lady Bird Johnson Middle School, a LEED Gold school in Irving, Texas, is the first net-zero energy school in the state of Texas. At 152,250 square feet, the campus is the largest net-zero educational facility in the country. This facility incorporates energy reducing systems with goals to reduce energy consumption over 50 percent from the traditional school model through the use of geothermal HVAC, passive solar interior daylighting, an efficient building envelope, high efficiency kitchen and advanced controls systems monitoring. The energy reductions within the facility are offset by the energy produced through solar and wind energies provided on the site and building roof. Solar panels provide the majority of the energy needs for the building and are designed so that over the course of a year, the energy produced equals the energy consumed, netting zero. This building is designed as a teaching tool and resource for all of Irving ISD and is integrated into the science, math and social studies curriculum. Holistic energy monitoring live display, interactive learning museum display in main corridor, solar array observation deck are just some of features incorporated for teaching purposes. Lady Bird Johnson Middle School has hosted educators, administrators, engineers, public officials, architects and facility planners from countries around the world. Recent guests include engineers from Japan and a regional member of parliament and a Cologne University professor from Germany.
The U.S. Green Building Council is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit community of members, chapters, advocates and practitioners that give voice to our commitment to improve human health, support economies and protect the environment through green buildings.


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This report provides information on spending by federal, state, and local governments for transportation and water infrastructure, which totaled $416 billion in 2014.
This report provides information on spending by federal, state, and local governments for transportation and water infrastructure, which totaled $416 billion in 2014.
Forty years ago today, Alice Rivlin was appointed Director of the Congressional Budget Office, and CBO began its service to the Congress and the country.
In calendar year 2014, ARRA—which was enacted in 2009—raised real GDP by between a small fraction of a percent and 0.2 percent and increased the number of full-time-equivalent jobs by between a slight amount and 0.2 million, CBO estimates.
CBO turns 40 on Tuesday, February 24 and is commemorating the event with a panel discussion about CBO's past and future featuring all seven former CBO directors. The event will be held on February 24 at the U.S. Capitol Visitor Center from 1:00 p.m. to 3:30 p.m. Join the conversation on Twitter using the event hashtag #CBOat40.
Up to 85 percent of a Social Security recipient's benefits are subject to the individual income tax. CBO estimates that income taxes on Social Security benefits totaled $51 billion in 2014.
CBO's forecasts generally have been comparable in quality to those of the Administration and the Blue Chip consensus, with large errors by CBO tending to reflect difficulties shared by other forecasters.
Businesses have become increasingly likely to choose the organizational structure that offers more favorable tax treatment. As a result, revenues are lower than they would otherwise be, but incentives for investment are probably greater.
For the latter half of its 10-year projection period, CBO projects that actual output will grow at the same rate as potential output but fall short of potential output by about half a percent, on average—matching its long-term average gap.
The federal government ran a budget deficit of $195 billion for the first four months of fiscal year 2015, CBO estimates—$12 billion more than the shortfall recorded in the same span last year.
CBO examines the effect of energy savings performance contracts (ESPCs) on the energy usage and energy costs of federal agencies, and on the federal budget.


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Hollywood Movies, Trailers, Pictures, News & DVDs
Movie Description(Click Here To Hide)
A Norwegian historical drama about the 1947 Kon-Tiki expedition, which was pioneered by legendary explorer Thor Heyerdahl. Using only a wood raft, the ethnographer is said to have journeyed 4,300 miles across the Pacific in an effort to prove the feasibility of South Americans settling in Polynesia during pre-Columbia times. Directed by Joachim Rønning & Espen Sandberg, with Pål Sverre Hagen playing the part of Heyerdahl.
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Movie Picture for Kon-Tiki
Photo Credit: The Weinstein Company
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Pictures from the historical adventure drama Kon-Tiki (2012)


text:
By Linda D. KozarynAmerican Forces Press Service
WASHINGTON, March 5, 1999 America's will to contain Saddam Hussein remains strong, Defense Secretary William S. Cohen said enroute to the Persian Gulf. "Our containment policy remains intact," he said.
Cohen departed Andrews Air Force Base, Md., aboard a C-32 jet bound for a 9-day trip to Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, Egypt, Jordan, and Israel. Enroute to a refueling stop in Naples, Italy, Cohen talked about the latest developments in the effort to counter Iraqi aggression.
"Saddam has been consistently violating the no-fly zones – some 100 violations since December," he noted. "Some 20 SAMS have been launched against our aircraft. It's a very dangerous mission flying over the north and south, so we intend to take whatever measures we can to ensure the safety of those pilots."
More than 24,400 U.S. troops, 30 ships and 189 aircraft are stationed in the Gulf. U.S. Central Command conducts Operation Southern Watch from bases in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait and ships in the Persian Gulf. Coalition aircraft enforce the U.N.-mandated no-fly zone over southern Iraq. U.S. European Command conducts Operation Northern Watch from bases in Turkey.
Since the end of Operation Desert Fox in late December, Iraqi forces have repeatedly violated the no-fly zone and challenged patrolling coalition aircraft. On nearly a daily basis, U.S. and British fighters have responded, launching attacks on Iraqi missile sites and anti-aircraft artillery batteries.
As violations continued, U.S. military officials expanded the rules of engagement. They began targeting Iraq's integrated air defense system. The latest coalition attacks have been aimed at Iraqi command and control and communications facilities.
U.S. pilots now have "more flexibility to go after those sites that put them in jeopardy," Cohen said. "It's not going to be a one-for-one situation where Saddam can continue to fire SAMS or AAA at them with the hopes that they're going to take down an American aircraft. We're going to send a message that there will be a penalty associated with that."
Coalition pilots target only facilities that pose a threat, Cohen said, not oil pipelines or pumping stations. He said U.S. forces do not want to disrupt oil flow to Turkey, an ally that supports Operation Northern Watch.
During his swing through the Gulf, Cohen planned to assure local officials that the United States remains committed to protecting partner nations and U.S. interests in the region. "This is all part of the effort of reminding them what we're doing, and seeing to it that they're kept fully abreast of our policies."
If Saddam Hussein is not contained, Cohen stressed, the Iraqi leader would flout the rules of the international community and reconstitute his weapons of mass destruction program. The immediate goal is containment, he said, but the long-term goal is to help free the Iraqi people "We will continue to talk to our Gulf friends about our long-term goal of helping to bring about a new government, that would be fully integrated in the international community."
Cohen said reports of civil unrest in southern Iraq appear to concern Saddam. "Whenever he sees any expression of discontent, he moves with absolute brutality to suppress it. This reaction by Saddam, said the secretary, is ultimately going to generate even wider discontent among the people of Iraq
As long as Saddam threatens his neighbors in the Gulf, Cohen said, the United States will stand in his way. "He has a way to avoid all of this," he added, "and that's simply to comply with the Security Council resolutions and not violate the no-fly zones."


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Health & Fitness
Could Old Tom Morris drive it farther than Bubba?
By Ron Kaspriske When it comes to physical strength, we're all the equivalent of a 97-pound weakling. Remember that guy from the Charles Atlas Fitness advertisements? That's you, me, nearly everybody when compared to our...
Wednesday, 5/7/2014 at 6:58AM
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Upland Chronicles: Mystery of national park gravestone solved decades later
One day in May 1975, Park Ranger Glenn Cardwell was called to the front desk of Sugarlands Visitor Center in Great Smoky Mountains National Park.
At first, this wasn't unusual, since Cardwell was very familiar with the cultural history of the Smokies and had handled hundreds of such inquiries over the years. But this particular request on this day would become very special. Little did Glenn Cardwell, a man who was born on land that would become part of Great Smoky Mountains National Park, know that this chance encounter with an unknown woman at the front desk of the visitor center would help solve a 60-year old mystery of a vanished boy in the Great Smoky Mountains.
Glenn Cardwell is a modest man, but even to this day — almost 40 years later — he still wonders at the fortunate fact that this woman came into the visitor center on a day that he was on duty.
He's quick to add that the other rangers on staff were all capable men, but that day he remembered a letter he'd seen several years earlier that would prove crucial to the mystery. And in the end, being on duty at that precise moment would prove to be critical.
The woman Cardwell met at the front desk identified herself as Virgie F. Smith of Knoxville. She was looking for information about her long-lost older brother, who reportedly had vanished in the Smoky Mountains decades earlier. She said the ache of not knowing what had happened to him had eaten at her soul over the years, and at this point in her life she was attempting to bring closure to a family tragedy that had dogged her all her life.
Mrs. Smith said that at the time of her brother's disappearance her family lived in Blount County. She'd always heard that way back in the spring of 1915 her brother Edward (called Edd) had gotten into an argument with their father.
She said her father wasn't a cruel man but, like many fathers of the time, did not hesitate to not "spare the rod." After the argument, Edd took off into the mountains alone with the idea of living with relatives in North Carolina.
That was the last the family ever saw of young Edd McKinley.
Glenn Cardwell has a historian's mind, and he remembered the letter that had crossed his desk earlier from Lucinda Ogle, a well-known Gatlinburg personality and daughter of the legendary Smoky Mountains' guide and storyteller Wiley Oakley.
Cardwell was becoming very interested in the compelling quest of this woman seeking closure to a cruel family tragedy. He resolved to find that letter in the park's files and, as best as he could, help solve the mystery of Edd McKinley.
After a search, Cardwell located the letter. He and Mrs. Smith sat down in a park office and reviewed it. In it, Lucinda Ogle said her husband Earnest had helped dig a grave in the Sugarlands Cemetery when he was about 10 years old for an unidentified boy. Glenn Cardwell phoned the Ogles from his office and asked if Mrs. Smith could come by and talk to them. They agreed, and Mrs. Smith visited the Ogle home.
Earnest Ogle related to Mrs. Smith what he remembered. He said two men named Jim and Joe Cole from the Sugarlands community had found a boy frozen to death when they were returning home from hunting on the North Carolina side of the mountains.
The Coles found the body under an overhanging rock, under which the boy had laid to get some protection from a fierce snowstorm. They rigged up a tripod and laboriously dragged the corpse over the mountains to their community, passing one resident who said the boy had passed his cabin several days earlier and had refused to turn back even in the bad weather.
Earnest Ogle said that for several days the community was all abuzz about the unfortunate lad's sad fate. But no one knew him or his kin. Reluctantly, members of the community dressed the boy in new clothes and gave him a Christian burial.
And that's where the story had ended, with an unidentified grave in a cemetery inside what would become Great Smoky Mountains National Park.
That first meeting led to others as Mrs. Smith and the Ogles compared memories and put two-and-two together. As they talked over several meetings, the feeling grew more and more positive that this unidentified grave was indeed that of young Edd McKinley. They reported their belief to Cardwell, who also could not escape the conclusion that the final resting spot of this unfortunate youngster had indeed been found.
As the realization of the facts became obvious, Cardwell recalled that it was an emotional experience for all. He remembered that Lucinda Ogle was just so happy that her letter had been instrumental in connecting the dots on this seemingly endless mystery.
And Glenn Cardwell recalled that Mrs. Smith earnestly wished her mother were still alive that day to learn the truth. "She would've been so happy to know that total strangers in the Sugarlands had taken such good care of her lost boy and respectfully buried him," Mrs. Smith told him. "It would've been such a relief to her," she concluded.
Several months later, a small group of people including Mrs. Smith and the Ogles drove the unpaved road from Cherokee Orchard to the path to the Sugarlands Cemetery. They were led by Cardwell, who opened the park gate to let the vehicles in. They drove in as far as the road allowed, then walked the remaining distance.
One of them was Mrs. Smith's son Don, who carried on his shoulder a gravestone with engraved lettering. The stone read:
Edd McKinley
Born March 10, 1903
Died April 2, 1915
The gravestone and flowers were placed and a respectful moment of silence ensued as all the attendees reflected on the event. For Glenn Cardwell, it was a rewarding day, a day that he vividly remembers.
"That day in the cemetery was an important day of closure for Mrs. Smith, and even for us who were not family. The sense of closure that day was of happiness — not sadness — but happiness for all."
— Arthur "Butch" McDade is a retired Great Smoky Mountains NP ranger with 30 years of service in the National Park Service. The Upland Chronicles series celebrates the heritage and past of Sevier County. If you have suggestions for future topics, would like to submit a column or have comments, please contact Carroll McMahan at 453-6411 or email to email@example.com; or Ron Rader at 604-9161 or email to firstname.lastname@example.com.


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This is a video of what the Google Wonder Wheel use to be good for befor they closed it down.
Google Wonder Wheel Video
Google Wonder Wheel Videos
Google Maps Marketing
Compare the Adwords Keyword Tools with Bing Publisher Tools and Yahoo Publisher Tools
Best Keyword Tools
Google Keyword Tools
Google URL is important for keyword research.
Google Search Tools
Google Search Tools
Google offers alot of really great search tools, see them for yourself at Google Search Tools
to find other keyword tools try this website:
1. Spyware Removal
2. Spyware Remover
3. Spyware Software
4. Remove Spyware
5. Spyware Removal Software
Adwords has many great keyword tools, the Google Wonder Wheel use to be a keyword research tool but has been replaced by the contextual targeting tool. There are a few more Adwords Tools that can be used by online publishers or advertisers for the purpose of finding the best keywords for your blog or website.
Her is a list of a few of the tools located in Adwords:


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Report: Jets Will Trade Tim Tebow Instead Of Releasing Him
Jets fans will be happy to learn that Tim Tebow will not be released before the NFL's new year in March. According to ESPN, the Jets will at least use his value to gain something for their team by trading him in the not so distant future.
One NFL general manager told ESPN.com this week: "I think his career is over without playing another position."
However, the only team that displayed an above average amount of interest in Tebow was the Jacksonville Jaguars, and they have apparently changed their mind on the idea of acquiring him.
This report claims that the Jets will be looking for a mid-round or late-round draft pick in exchange for Tim Tebow.
Good to know there is still some hope that one of the biggest blunders in Jets history could possibly be used towards their advantage in the form of a trade.
Sean Levinson | Elite.
Photo Credit: Getty Images


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Springfield, MO Land Surveying
Gray & Associates LLC
Welcome to Gray & Associates LLC of Springfield, MO! We have been offering professional land surveying services for more than 40 years. We are headed by Mike D. Gray, PLS who is licensed in the areas of Missouri, Arkansas, Kansas, and Oklahoma.
Our services include:
- Topographic and boundary surveys
- Lot and route surveys
- ALTA and ACSM land title surveys
- Easements
- Elevation certificates
- Administrative subdivisions
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- Expert witnesses
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Professional affiliations:
- NSPS (National Society of Professional Surveyors)
- MSPS (Missouri Society of Professional Surveyors)
- Better Business Bureau
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Contact Gray & Associates LLC today at 417-891-9962. You can also visit our main website for more details.
Contact Information


text:
A couple of B&W Snowy Scenics from Upstate New York
Started Jan 2, 2013 | Discussions thread
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A couple of B&W Snowy Scenics from Upstate New York
Jan 2, 2013
Mohawk River from Peebles Island, Waterford, New York.
3 image HDR, +/- 1 stop, +1/2 stop exp. compensation. Processed with Photomatix Essentials.
EOS 5D Mark II and EF 40mm f/2.8 STM.
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About QPCS
Our most recent OFSTED report, March 2012, confirmed QPCS as a good school with many outstanding features, with a very strong capacity to improve further.
Queens Park Community School is a popular, oversubscribed, mixed academy of 1200 students. We are committed to high standards in all we do, and set ourselves challenging targets. The school invests heavily in maintaining a high quality of teaching and learning which continues to have an impact upon the academic performance of our students.
Our aim is that all students achieve their full potential in all aspects of their school experiences and this is reflected in the range of curricular and extra-curricular activities offered.
We have worked hard to make QPCS the natural school of choice for our local community. We are proud of our strong links with our partnership Primary Schools and recognise our good fortune in having a superb site and buildings; such facilities are rare in an inner city school.
The school has been a Business and Enterprise Specialist School since September 2003.
The schools Business and Enterprise specialism permeates other subjects as well as being a focus for curriculum extension days. Students enjoy these and value their relevance to their futures and the world of work ." OFSTED
This School is committed to safeguarding and promoting the welfare of children and young people and expects all staff and volunteers to share this commitment.
Last Updated: 10-09-2013 13:25


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With tunable pads.
Mounted on a strong, fully adjustable tubular frame, the Remo 5-Piece Practice Pad Set features 6.8" and 10" tunable pads with ebony and coated Ambassador drumheads for a real drum feel. A 4.5" pad is provided for bass. Lets you quietly practice late into the night without waking up the chickens.


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A potentially landmark Supreme Court case on broadcast indecency may be the beginning rather than the end of a renewed fight over content on TV and radio in an age of almost unlimited media sources.
On Tuesday the Court will hear oral arguments in a legal battle between Fox and ABC and the Federal Communications Commission over whether federal indecency regulations are unconstitutionally vague.
"The day has come for the FCC's indecency regime to be subjected to the same strict standards that apply to all government attempts to abridge freedom of speech," lawyers for Fox and other broadcasters argued in legal documents. "The FCC's indecency regime is the antithesis of what the First Amendment permits and should be declared unconstitutional."
An Appeals Court ruled that the regulations are "impermissibly vague" and sided with the broadcasters, whose complaints stemmed from FCC efforts to punish Fox after Cher dropped the F-word during a live awards show nine years ago; and ABC for showing an actress's bare backside in an episode of NYPD Blue in 2003.
Taking the case to the Supreme Court is a gamble for the FCC, which won narrow support for its efforts from a divided Court in 2009. In that instance, the justices found that the commission's increased enforcement was a legitimate use of its authority. This time, the Appeals Court threw out the FCC's entire indecency policy.
But if the Supreme Court sides with media companies and agrees with the lower court on the decades-old rules, the FCC may find itself back at the drawing board, trapped between free-speech advocates and activists worried about the spread of offensive content.
The Parents Television Council, which has already taken FCC Chairman Julius Genachowski to task for being slow to act on more than 1.4 million pending indecency complaints, argues that dropping the restrictions would allow broadcasters to push more adult content to compete with unhindered cable and online outlets.
"If you play this out beyond contemporary community standards, an overturning of broadcast decency opens the door for the airing of hard-core pornography at any time of the day – even when children are in the audience – so long as the marketplace will support it. How does that serve the public interest?" the group's president Tim Winter said in a statement on Monday.
But broadcasters say that the rules are not only vague to the point of uselessness, they are also moot in an age of Internet and cable TV.
"For more than 30 years, broadcasting, alone among all mass media, has been a second-class citizen," broadcasters argued in their legal brief. "Today, broadcasting is neither uniquely pervasive nor uniquely accessible to children, yet broadcasters are still denied the same basic First Amendment freedoms as other media."
Much of the FCC's anti-indecency efforts – which slacked off after a 2006 lawsuit by Fox, ABC, and CBS – have been based on the Supreme Court's 1978 "Seven Dirty Words" case in which it ruled that the FCC could regulate offensive content between 6 a.m. and 10 p.m.
To be indecent under FCC rules, "material must describe or depict sexual or excretory organs or activities." Further, the content must be "patently offensive as measured by contemporary community standards for the broadcast medium."
Tuesday's case will likely be heard by a reduced panel of judges.
Because Justice Sonia Sotomayor participated in some of the Appeals Court proceedings, she recused herself when the high court agreed to hear the case last year. Justice Samuel Alito acknowledged that he owned stock in Walt Disney, ABC's parent company, when he took part in the 2009 decision. But he has since sold the stock and plans to hear the latest case.


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Why do girls hate big egos?
I have a huge ego and like to brag and I can tell girls HATE IT.
Most Helpful Opinion
Well stop acting like an A hole. You either do it because your copensating for something else, that you feel like you lack. Or maybe your an only child so you've always been treated like you are the sh*t. big egos and bragging is funny ( in a good way) in small portions, however if it truly is your personality, then f*** all the girls who get pissed of, I'm sure there someone just like you, whoho you can share you bragging ness with :)
What Girls Said 5
What Guys Said 3
Girls? No one can stand inflated egos. And the most successful, genuine, talented people out there who truly lead don't have one. The ones who do don't last very long either.
It basically makes you look like an a-hole. Even if you're not. I have seen relationships end up in disasters where especially the guy has such an issue.
Have an opinion?


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ObjectRocket API
ObjectRocket is a cloud infrastructure database-as-a-service (DBAAS), a shared MongoDB provider and environment. ObjectRocket includes database management features, such as back-up services, scaling, and shared environments. The ObjectRocket API allows developers to access and integrate the functionality of ObjectRocket with other applications and to create new applications. Some example API methods include adding data to databases, retrieving data from databases, and editing and deleting data from databases.
API Key, HTTP over SSL
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Drug Compare
1 2
- Basic Info
Generic: ramipril
This medicine is used to prevent a heart attack, stroke, or other vascular event in people who are at high risk
What is this medicine?RAMIPRIL (ra MI pril) is an ACE inhibitor. This medicine is used to prevent a heart attack, stroke, or other vascular event in people who are at high risk. It is also used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure after a heart attack.
What should I tell my health care provider before I take this medicine?They need to know if you have any of these conditions:
How should I use this medicine?Take this medicine by mouth with a drink of water. Follow the directions on your prescription label. You may take this medicine with or without food. Take your medicine at regular intervals. Do not take more medicine than directed. Do not stop taking your medicine unless your doctor tells you to.
Talk to your pediatrician regarding the use of this medicine in children. Special care may be needed.
What if I miss a dose?If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you can. If it is almost time for your next dose, take only that dose. Do not take double or extra doses.
What may interact with this medicine?
What should I watch for while using this medicine?Visit your doctor or health care professional for regular check ups. Check your blood pressure as directed. Ask your doctor what your blood pressure should be, and when you should contact him or her. If you are diabetic, check your blood sugar as directed.
Women should inform their doctor if they wish to become pregnant or think they might be pregnant. There is a potential for serious side effects to an unborn child. Talk to your health care professional or pharmacist for more information.
Check with your doctor if you have severe diarrhea or vomiting, or if you sweat a lot or become dehydrated. The loss of body fluids can be dangerous while taking this medicine.
A few patients have had strong allergic reactions during desensitization treatment with hymenoptera venom and during some kinds of dialysis. Talk to your doctor if you are going to have either of these procedures.
If you are going to have surgery, tell your doctor or health care professional that you are taking this medicine.
1 2
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text: Looks just as good on me as it does on the model. I mean I'm not a model, but you know how when you buy something, put it on, and it fits super bad. Not this. Looks cute and feels really good. Comfortable, but not too thick for the beach. Thinking about getting another one.


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You may know it as the "morning-after pill" or Plan B. If you occasionally forget to use birth control during sex, or have reason to think your birth control might have failed (perhaps because of a broken condom), you might have considered using emergency contraception—but you have questions.
Talking about it can help. This guide to discussing emergency contraception will make it easier for women to discuss this option with their doctor, their partner and their support group.
Informing Yourself First
Before you consult anyone about your health choices, it's always a good idea to learn as much as you can. One important fact is, emergency contraception pills (ECPs) are not abortion pills. ECPs are taken to prevent pregnancy, while abortion pills are used after a fertilized egg is attached to the uterus. The medication used in most ECPs is a high-dose of progesterone, while the medication used in pills that can lead to abortion is often mifepristone and misoprostol.
Talking with Your Doctor
Your best strategy is to take a list of questions to your appointment. They should include:
- Ask your doctor if ECPs are safe. She probably will reassure you that Plan B has been approved by the FDA, and that if you are at least 17 years old, you can buy the pills at a drugstore without a prescription.
- Ask about the various types of emergency contraception, including not only Plan B, a progestin-only pill, but also the Copper-T Intrauterine Device (IUD), which can be inserted by a doctor up to five days after unprotected sex to prevent a pregnancy. The doctor can then remove the IUD after your next period, or it can remain inside you, serving as your regular birth control for up to 10 years. In some instances, your doctor might also instruct you to take a higher dose of your already-prescribed birth control pills—but this tactic won't work with every pill at every dosage.
- Effectiveness of various emergency contraception methods should be discussed. Plan B pills are safe, though they aren't without side effects: nausea and vomiting are the most common, occurring in about 25 percent of women taking the pills. Other side effects include irregular menstrual bleeding, dizziness and headaches.
- Taking the pills correctly is critical to preventing pregnancy. They should be taken as soon as possible after unprotected sex, and can be effective if taken up to five days after intercourse.
Talking to Your Parents
If you are younger than 17 and want to use emergency contraception, you may need a parents' permission. Talking about such intimate matters can be awkward for both of you, especially if you think they will disapprove. These tips can help you guide the conversation calmly:
- Know what you want from them. If you're asking for permission to use emergency contraception, build a foundation by being open with them, over time, about the fact that you are sexually active.
- Talk about your feelings. If you're nervous about talking with them, say so. "I need to talk with you about something very personal, but I'm afraid you'll get upset."
- Be prepared. Chances are, your parents will have as many questions about ECPs as you did. Research ECPs online, and consider talking with someone from your local Planned Parenthood office for more information.
Talking to Your Partner and Friends
If you are sexually active, you probably have discussed birth control with your partner already. It is important to emphasis that emergency contraception is not a reasonable option for preventing pregnancy. It should only be used if your regularly methods of contraception may have failed, either because you chose not to use them, forgot to use them, had a mechanical compromise like a torn condom, or had unintended sexual intercourse. Emergency contraception should be treated as a last resort to prevent pregnancy; you should explore more consistent birth control options with your partner before becoming pregnant.
If you plan to start using emergency contraception, you'll want to talk with him about it. As with your doctor and parents, share information with him: how ECPs work, how much they cost, and why you want to use them. If you treat him as a partner in your decision, he is more likely to care that you're using the pills correctly. Of course, you do not have to tell your partner about your plans to use emergency contraception; you are able to get the prescription without involving your sexual partner in the decision.
You may or may not want to tell other friends that you plan to use ECPs. If you generally talk to them about birth control, then it may come up very naturally in conversation. If you feel torn about ECPs, or just want to "talk it out" with a good friend who understands you, then it might help to share your plans and get some friendly advice. A trusted adult is also a very good resource for you to seek out if you are considering emergency contraception. Your physician, as well as other resources like Planned Parenthood, can offer you good advice on the options for addressing your concerns about unprotected sex.


text:
Abstract available in
Claims available in
Description (OCR text may contain errors)
June 14, 1960 2,940,869
B. GRAHAM PROCESS OF ADI-IERING AN ORGANIC COMPOUND TO A SHAPED ORGANIC POLYMER Filed July 12, 1956 SHAPED ORGANIC POLYMER, E.C., HYDROCARBON, POLYESTER, POLYANIOE, ETHER IRRAOIATE WITH HIGH ENERGY IORIZIIIC RADIATION E.C.,ELECTRDRS, X-RAY ACTIVATED SHAPED ORGANIC POLYMER CONTACT WITH DISSIIILAR FLUID RONPOLYHERIZABLE ORGANIC COMPOUND STABLE CRAFT POLYMER INVENTOR BOYNTON GRAHAM BY WW ATTORNEY Patented June 14, 1960 PROCESS OF ADHERING AN ORGANIC COM- POUND TO A SHAPED ORGANIC POLYMER Boynton Graham, Wilmington, DeL, assignmto E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, Bah, a corporation of Delaware Filed July 12, 1956, Ser. No. 597,324
23 Claims. (Cl. 117-47) This invention is concerned with the production of coatings and, morespecifically, with a new process for adhering a coating of an organic compound to the surface of a shaped organic polymer and the resulting products.
This application is a continuation-in-part of application Serial No. 574,083, filed March 27, 1956, now abandoned.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a process for uniting to the surface of a shaped organic polymer a coating of an organic compound which is non-polymerizable and chemically distinct from the shaped polymer. Another object is to provide such coated prod ucts. Other objects .will become apparent from the following specification and claims.
There has now been discovered a process for uniting to the surface of a shaped organic polymer a coating of a dissimilar non-polymerizable organic compound which is fluid at a temperature below the softening temperature of the shaped organic polymer, comprising the separate steps of exposing the surface of the shaped organic polymer to at least 1 watt-sec./cm. of ionizing radiation, with an energy of at least 0.1 million electron volts, and subsequently, in the absence of radiation and while the activity generated by the radiation is still present, contacting the organic compound in fluid form with the irradiated surface of the shaped polymer to unite a coating of the organic compound to the surface of the irradiated shaped polymer. This process is illustrated broadly by the appended drawing, a self-explanatory flowsheet therefor. The coatings or deposits so applied cannot be removed from the polymer surface by treatment with solvents which normally dissolve the organic compound so added.
Shaped organic polymers suitable for treatment include any normally solid organic polymeric material, particularly those with molecular weights in excess of S and especially in excess of 1000. The polymers may be oriented or unoriented. Thus, there may be employed hydrocarbon polymers, such as polyethylene, polystyrene, polybutadiene, rubber, polyisobutylene, butadiene/styrene copolymers and the like; halogenated hydrocarbon polymers, such as polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polychloroprene, polytetrafiuoroethylene, polyvinyl fluoride and the like; ester-containing polymers, such as polyvinyl acetate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene terephthalate and the like; bydroxyl-containing polymers, such as polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose, regenerated cellulose and the like; ether-containing polymers, such as solid polytetrahydrofuran, polyformaldehyde, dioxolane polymers and the like; condensation polymers, such as phenol-formaldehyde polymers, urea-formaldehyde polymers, triazine-formaldehyde polymers, polyamides, polyimides, and the like; polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl acetals and mixtures or copolyiners based on two or more of the above compounds, as well as natural polymers such as cotton, wool, silk and the like.
2 The dissimilar non-polymerizable organic compound is an organic material which is chemically distinct from the shaped organic polymer or its corresponding monomer, is free of units of carbon-to-carbon unsaturationwhich are polymerizable by any of the customary free radical-type or ionic-type polymerization catalysts, and is capable of being flowed over the shaped polymer. The organic compound must be fluid or become fluid at a temperature below' the softening temperature of the shaped polymer so. that the shape of the shaped polymer will not be destroyed in the contacting step of the process. By the same token it is preferred that, at the temperature employed in the contacting step, the organic compound have no appreciable solvent or marked swelling action on the polymer. When the organic compound is a solvent for the shaped polymer, the contacting step must be, terminated before any substantial physical alteration of the shaped polymer due to the solvent action of the organic compound takes place. When contacted with the shapedfpolymer, the fusible organic compound may be an elastic or an inelastic fluid. Thus, it may be in the form of a gas, liquid or a viscous melt at the time of contact. Gases are readily contacted by placing the irradiated shaped polymer in an evacuated space and admitting the gas as shown subsequently in Example VI.
' Readily fiowable liquids may be contacted by pouring them over the irradiated shaped polymer as in Example I or by spraying or dipping. Viscous melts maybe contacted by mechanical spreading. 'For example, an irradiated polymer in film form may be contacted with a viscous melt by bringing the two together in a calender.
The chemical nature of the organic compound may be varied widely within the limitations noted above. Thus, it may be a compound containing at least one CX bond, where X is hydrogen, halogen, or carbon, such as a hydrocarbon, halogenated hydrocarbon, alcohol, amine, aldehyde, ketone, ether, acid, ester, amide, phenol, sulfonic acid, nitro compound, fat, synthetic poly mer and the like. By reason of enhanced reactivity a preferred group of organic compounds are the chain transfer agents or telogens. Another preferred group, also highly reactive, are the ethers, particularly thelow melting (e.g., below C.) polymeric ethers.
Fusible organic polymers are particularly suitable for forming adherent coatings according to this invention. These include liquid and low melting hydrocarbons, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene, low molecular weight polystyrene and the like; ester-containing polymers, such as polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyrate, polymethyl acrylate, polymethyl methacrylate and the like; polymeric ethers, such as polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polytetra'hydrofuran, polyvinyl ethers, dioxolane polymers and the like; polyvinyl acetals, low softening vinyl halide/vinyl ester copolymers, dextrins and the like.
While mixtures of two or more of the above fusible organic compounds may be used, and indeed may be preferred where several different surface properties are to be modified in a single treatment, it should be noted that solutions of such compounds are generally to be avoided, since the solvent may be undesirably reactive with the irradiated substrate.
Suitable ionizing radiations include both radiation in the form sometimes regarded as particle radiation and radiation in the form sometimes regarded as ionizing electromagnetic radiation. Because of availability and convenience, electron radiation and gamma rays are preferred.
By particle radiation is meant an emission of accelerated electrons or nuclear particles such as protons, neutons, alpha particles, deutrons, beta particles, or the like, so that the said particle impinges upon the shaped a organic polymer. The charged particles may be accelerated-by means of a suitable voltage gradient, using such devices as a cathode ray tube, a resonant cavity accelerator, a ,Van de Graaif accelerator, a betatron, a synchrotron, cyclotron or the like, as is well known to those skilled in the' art. Neutron radiation may be produced" by bombardment of; selected lightmetal (e.g.,
, beryllium) targets'with highenergy positive particles In addition, particle'radiation suitable for carrying-outthe process of the inyention may be obtained from an atomic pile, or; from radioactive isotopes or from 'other natural or artificial radioactive materials"; H r "Byionizing electromagnetic radiation is meant radiation produced 'when 7 a :metal *targetI (cg, {tungsten} is bombarded by electronsgpossessing appropriate energy..
Such energy .istimparted toelectrons by accelerating potentials in excess or 0.1 million electron volts (0.1 m.e'.v.)
: molecular weight (Carbdwaxi 6,000 W), which has been melted and preheated to'l00 C.,;is admitted to the system in amount sufiicientto cover the: film with molten polymer. The system is kept atl00 C. with continued passage of nitrogen for one hour. The film is then exf tracted for 16 hours with hotzrunning water, followed by 0.5 m.e. v and over preferred. .Suchradiation', con
ventionally termed 'X-ray, will have 'a'shorfwave length limit of about 0.01 Angstrom units (in. the case of 1.
in.e.v;) and atspectral'distribution ofenergy at longer wave lengths .determinedbythe targetjmaterial and the applied "voltage. [In addition to X-rays produced as'indi cated above,I ionizing. electromagnetic radiation '1 suitable for carrying out the process of the invention may be obtain ed from'a nuclear reactor (pile) or from natural or artificial radioactive material, for example, cobalt 6,0.
. In all of these latter cases the radiation is conventionally termed gamma rays.
While gamma radiation is distin' guished from X-radiation only with reference to its origin,
' it may be noted'that the spectral distribution of X-rays is different from' that of gamma rays, the latter frequently extraction for 8 hourswith'ethanol inv a Soxhlet extractor.
A control film is similarly irradiated and extracted, but
the contacting with polyethylene oxide is omitted. The treated film is unchanged in appearance to the naked eye. It is found to have lost 0.50% in weight (compared to the weight of the film before irradiation), whereas the 'control'film loses 0.65% in weight. The water wettability of the films is determined by measuring the angle of inclination at which the retreating edge of a 0.05 ml.- droplet of water will travel at a rate of 0.1 'mm./ second. In this sliding-tilt angle test, the treated film, with an average sliding-tilt angle of 50). is more hydrophobic thanthe control film, which has an average sliding-tilt being essentially monochromatic, which is never the case with X-rays produced by electron bombardment of a target;
' The manner in which the fusible organic compound becomes unitedto the. surface of the irradiated shaped polymer is not fully understood. 1 As illustratedinthe examples which follow, the coating cannot be removed by solvents wbich wouldordinarily dissolve the fusible organic compound, It appears probable that the coating 7 becomes chemically attached'to the irradiated' surface ,by a covalent bond structure. 1; The dissimilar nonpolymerizable organic compound may'not be'bound in tQtoiiand without modification to' the irradiated substrate in the practice of this invention. 'It is possible that the binding reaction involves rupture and rearrangement of coordinate bonds and that the organiccompound is bound inian'altered formzresulting from such ruptures andrearrangements.
In any case, the manner'of attachment is dilferent from and preferable to the purely physical increase in adhesiveness which is known to result from surfacetreatments of polymeric films by flames, ozone, ultraviolet light, corona or spark. discharges, etc. In such treatments, improved adhesion of-substances such as printinginks has been shown by the conventional Scotch. tape test, which measures purely physical adhesion, but none of the adheredproducts of these processeshas been found to with- 7 stand 'extraction'with a solvent forjthe coating. In
angle of 62.
7 Example 2 A film of polyethylene terephthalate 0.001 inch thick is subjected to the procedure of Example 1. The treated film has a weight gain of 1.01%, whereas a control film has a weight gain of 0.6% The. treated film hasa. slidingtilt angle of 42f as compared to acontrol value of-46.
V v V Eiumpla3 VA film of polyethyleneterephthalate-0.00l inch thick is irradiated under nitrogen as in Example 1 fortforty passes (500 watt-sec./cm. during about forty minutes.
The film is then removed from .the'electron beam. Thirty seconds after the irradiation is completed, polyethylene oxide of 20,000 molecular weight (CarbOWaX 320 M); which has been melted and preheated at 100 6., is
' admitted to the system in amount sufficient to cover the further contrast,.the unusually reactive surface activity V which is utilized in the process of this invention is relatively short-lived unless, as discussed herein, special storage precautions are taken'to preserve it, whereas the previous treatments have relied on an effect whichQin addition to being of a diflerent nature and a considerably J lower activity, does not decay even when the irradiated polymeric substrate is stored in air and at elevated temperatu'res.
' Example 1 A1 film of polyethylene 0.002, inch thick is placed in an aluminum box which has a' window of 0.0008 inch aluminumfoil 4cm. above the sample. The system is flushed With nitrogen while it is passed twenty times at a in a Soxhlet extractor.
film with molten polymer. After five minutes; air is ad:v
mitted to the system, and after thirty minutes, the film is removed and extracted for twenty hours with ethanol Control films of polyethylene terephthalate are prepared as follows: (a) untreated, (b treated with polyethylene oxide of 20,000 molecular weight without prior irradiation, and (c) irradiated without subsequent treatment with polyethylene oxide. The fully treated film is found to exhibit improved receptivity for acetate dyes and'vat dyes 'over' any .of the controls. The acetate dyes employed include the blue dye obtained according to the procedure of Example IX of US; Patent 2,050,704; the red dye described in the example in Swiss Patent .l49,405 and the red dye de scribed in, the example in Swiss Patent 151,868. The vat dyes employed include the green vat dye paste of Colour Index Number 1101 having .apprordmately .an 11% color content and the blue vat dye of Colour Index Number '1112 obtained according to German latent 33L283 when the chlorination is carried out until a chlorine content of about 5% is obtained. The dyes are applied according to the standard procedure shown in Official Methods'of Dyeing? (revised edition) issued in 1941 by the Technical Laboratory ofthe Dyestuffs Division of the Organic Chemicals Department of E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.
r I Example 4 V A tfilmof' polyethylene 0.00.2 inchthick' is subjected to the process described in Example 3: q The treated film is more receptive than the corresponding controls to -,the
fineness acetate red dye described in the example of Swiss Patent 151,868.
Example -A film of polyethylene 0.002 inch thick is enclosed in aluminum foil 0.0007 inch thick and irradiated with electrons at 2 m.e.v., 250 microamps, a window-to-sample distance of cm., a scan width of 20 cm. and a pass rate of 2 cm./second for 20 passes (250 Wattsec./cm. during about twenty minutes while heated at .60 C. Ten minutes after the irradiation is completed, the film is immersed in polyethylene oxide of 6,000 molecular weight which has been melted and preheated to 80 C. After one hour, the film is removed from the polyethylene oxide and extracted for 16 hours in hot running water, followed by extraction for 12 hours with ethanol in a Soxhlet extractor. The resulting film is unchanged in appearance and is more receptive than controls to the red dye described in the example of Swiss Patent 151,868. In the sliding-tilt angle test described in Example 1, the treated film is less readily wet by Water than a control film which is similarly irradiated and extracted, but has not been contacted with polyethylene oxide.
Example 6 Fabrics of nylon and cotton are sealed in a glass tube under vacuum and irradiated with 2 m.e.v. electrons at 250 microamps. for 125 watt-sec./crn. while the tube is supported on a batt of fiberglass. The tube is stored at 78C. for 2 /2 hours. It is then connected to an evacuated vessel containing liquid C H OCH CH OH, also at 78 C., and a stopcock between the vessels is opened. The system is evacuated again while still cold to remove gases generated during irradiation, sealed off from the atmosphere and stored at room temperature for about 16 hours during which time the fabrics are in contact with the vapors of the radiocarbon fi-methoxyethanol. The fabrics are removed, extracted with acetone in a Soxhlet extractor for five hours and dried under vacuum at 100 C. for hours. In a separate experiment, control fabrics of nylon and cotton are similarly treated except that irradiation is omitted. All of the fabrics are examined for radioactivity with an end window Geiger counter (Tracerlab Superscaler) and the results are shown in the following table:
Pabrim testament Nylon (irradiated and exposed) 12.9 Nylon control (exposed only) 0 Cotton (irradiated and exposed) 14.2 Cotton control (exposed only) 4.2
On the basis of a separate calibration of the Geiger counter against the method of analysis wherein a radioactive sample is burned and the resulting radio-active carbon dioxide is determined, it is calculated that ten counts per minute above background for the nylon fabric is equivalent to 0.02% C H OCH CH OH on the fabric.
Example 7 A film of polyethylene 0.002 inch thick is irradiated in air at 40 C. at an exposure of 500 watt-secjcmfi, using 2 m.e.v. electrons at 250 microamps during about forty minutes. Thirty seconds after irradiation is completed, the film is immersed in a'mpyl alcohol-l-C (CI-I CH CH CH C H 0H). After standing for 15 minutes at room temperature, the film is removed, airdried, extracted for 24 hours with ethyl ether in a Soxhlet extractor and dried for four hours at room temperature in a vacuum. When examined for retained radioactivity as in Example 6, the treated film exhibits an activity of 11 counts per minute above background, whereas a control which has been immersed in the amyl alcohol-l-C without prior irradiation and then similarly extracted and dried exhibits an activity of only four counts per minute above background.
The shape of the organic polymer employed in the present invention is not limited. It may be a film or a woven fabric as illustrated in the foregoing examples. Also, it may be a molded object, fiber, knitted fabric, tube, pipe, beading, tape, extruded molding, wire covering, powder or the like. Of particular advantage are the film, fiber, fabric, and various extruded forms since they are readily adapted to continuous operation according to the process of this invention. Shaped polymers in these forms may be unrolled or extruded into the path of ionizing radiation and then either run substantially immediately into contact with the fiowable organic compound or wound up and contacted with the organic compound in a separate treatment.
An important advantage of the present invention is that the irradiation step can be carried out independent of the contacting step. Thus, it is possible to irradiate the shaped polymer under conditions most adaptable for irradiation, as in an atomic pile or under the influence of a particle accelerator. The contacting step can be carried out later under conditions best adapted for it and free of the often cumbersome radiation apparatus. Also, with this process radiation-sensitive organic coating materials need not be exposed to the radiation.
The time which may elapse between the irradiation step and the contacting step will vary with the radiation exposure, temperature and atmosphere of storage, and the chemical nature of the irradiated polymer. A storage time of not over five minutes between steps is usually preferred and substantially immediate contact (less than one second) may be desirable. However,' the effects of the irradiation can be preserved for longer periods of time, i.e., weeks and even months, particularly if the irradiated shaped polymer is kept in an inert atmosphere, such as nitrogen, argon, helium or the like, and/or is stored at low temperature. In general, the lower the temperature at which the irradiated shaped polymer is stored, the longer the time the surface remains active toward adhering a coating of a fusible organic com; pound and storage temperatures as low as C. may be desirable. It is thus possible to irradiate the shaped polymer at a site of available radiation and then by maintaining suitable storage conditions as above to ship the irradiated polymer to another site for carrying out'the contacting step.
There are various methods of determining the useful lifetime of the surface activity. Thus the irradiated polymer may be contacted with a radioactive tagged compound, extracted with a solvent for the compound and finally examined for retained radioactivity, as is described in Examples 6 and 7.
It will be readily understood that the amount of ionizing radiation used to activate a solid polymer surface so that it will attach to itself a coating of a dissimilar organic material applied in fluid form will depend upon the type of radiation used, the nature of the polymer being irradiated, and the nature of the compound from which the coating is formed.
Usually a minimum exposure of at least 1 wattsec./cm. at the surface is necessary since lower amounts of exposure do not give adequate surface activation. The degree of surface activation usually increases with in.- creasing amounts of exposure. Upper exposure limits depend on the degree of activation desired and on the radiation resistance of the polymeric substrate. Exposures as high as 1000 to 10,000 watt-see/cm. may be utilized in the case of radiation-resistant polymers such as polystyrene and polyethylene terephthalate,'whereas exposures of to 1000 watt-sec./cm. may sufiice for more sensitive polymers such as polyvinyl chloride and the polyamides. Any convenient beam output amperage may be used with an appropriate total time of irradiation to give the required exposure, and the exposure may be carried out in one slow pass or in several faster ones.
High energy ionizing radiation, e.g., 0.1-5.0 rn'.e.v;,
defined in the following claims.
7 and preferably l.O 2.Q m.e.v. is preferred since it yields activated polymeric substrates which maintain their surface activity or fixing action toward dissimilar nonpol'ymerizable organic compounds for relatively longer periods of time when stored in air or at. temperatures above about 70 C. than do. substrates which are subf ected to lower energy radiation.
The temperature'at which the contacting step of this invention is conducted may vary between the fusion temperature of the fusible organic compound as a lower limit and the softening temperature of the shaped polymer as an upper limit. This temperatures from 70 C. to 380 C. may be employed, depending on the thermal properties of the reactants. Elevated temperatures (e;g. 50IOO ".C.) generally give faster reactions. The time during which contact between the fusible organic compound andthe irradiated shaped polymer is maintained may be varied between wide limits. A substantial portion of the coating reaction occurs within the first 35' seconds of contact. Accordingly, a contact time of at least one "second is preferred. The total duration of contact may be extensively prolonged if convenient, but no significant amount of coating is attached after 24 hours of contact and this accordingly represents a preferred upper limit of contact time. a
The process of the present invention is valuable in creating surface etfects upon shaped articles produced from organic polymers. It may be employed upon teX tiles to affect softness, resilience, tendency to shrink, static propensity, dyeability, pilling, liydrophilicity, Wickability, and the like. it is useful in varying such properties as abrasion and 'wear resistance, moisture regain, drycleaning properties, light durability, soilability, ease. of soil removal, laundering properties, dyeability (depth, rate, permanence and uniformity), printability, washfast- V 8 V absence of ionizing radiation while said surface isstill activated, applying said compound in fi-uid form to said surface to form a coating which remains uni-ted tothc polymer even when treated wi h solvents which normally dissolve said compound.
2. A process as defined in claim. wherein said organi polymer is a hydrocarbon polymer. p
3. A process as defined in claim 1 wherein said organic polymer is a polyester. V I V V V 4. A process as defined in, claim'l wherein said organic polymer is a polyamide. r p 5. A process as defined in claim 1 wherein said organic compound is an ether melting below 100 C.
6. A process as defined in claim 1 wherein said organic a polyethylene shape to at least 1 watt-second per square nessof dyes or finishing treatments (resins, ultraviolet luster-lug action, drying properties, thermal'and electrical conductivity, transparency, light'transrnitt-ance, air and Water permeability, fabric comfort, felting, ion exchange properties, adhesion, over-all appearance and combinations of these as well as others.
In addition to the above modifications which is may be desirable to efiect in fibrous articles, there are other modifications which are particularly useful in other sub strates, for example, in films and rigid and semi-rigid molded and extruded forms; By way of illustration, polymeric'films may be modified to improve adhesion to various coating or laminating agents which it may be' desirable to adhere thereto, to change slip or 'the ease' with which one film slides over another, to produce nonreflective or decorative coatings on film or sheet, to improvethe. ease of printing colors on such sheet and many 'other modifications such as will readily suggest themselves to one skilled in the art.
Since many different embodiments of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, it is to be understood that the inventionis'not limited by the specific illustrations except to the extent What is claimed is: Y
' 1. In a process for applying a coating to the surface of surface of an i onizing radiation with'an energy, of at least 0.1 million electron volts to activate thesurface to be oa edand thereby ctivating he me. endthemin the "tion is electrons.
centimeter of surface of an ionizing radiation of an energy of at least 0.1 million electron volts and thereby activating the same, and then, in the absence of ionizing radiation and while said surface is still-activated, contacting the polyethylene with a non-polymerizable fluid orof a polyethylene terephthalate shape to at least 1 watt-1 second per square centimeter of surface of an ionizing radiation of at least 0.1 million-electron volts'and thereby activating the same, and then, in the absence ofiionizing radiationand While said surface is still activated, contacting the polyethylene terephthalate with a non-poly-v merizable fluid organic ether and thereby bondingxsaid ether to the polyethylene terephthalate. 13. The process of claim 12 wherein the ionizing radiation is electrons.
14. The process of claim 13 wherein the ether'is poly- V ethylene oxide.
7 15. The process which comprises exposing the surface ofa nylon shape to at least wattsecond pensquare centimeter of surface of an ionizing radiation of .atleast. 7 0.1 million electron volts and thereby activating the same,
and then, in the absence of ionizing radiationand while said surface is still activated, contactingthe nylon with a non-polymerizable fluid organic ether ludll l by 50nding said ether to the nylon. 16. The. process of claim lS wherein the-ipnizing radia- 17. The process of, claim 16 wherein the ether is fi methoxyethanol. j
18. The process which comprises exposing thesurface V of a cottonshapeto at least 1 watbsecondpersquard centimeter of surface of an. ionizing radiationof at least 0.1 million'electron volts and thereby activating the same, and then, in the absence of ionizingradiationand'whilc saidsurface is still activated, contacting thecotton witha non-polymerizable fluid organic amass thereby bonding said ether to the cotton. i 1
l9; The process of claim.l8 wherein th'e'ioniaii ig'radiation is electrons; V 1.." z" f 20. The process, of claim 19 whereinthe ether is vp m'ethoztyethan'ol. f f 1' 21. The process which ,clomprises'eXp Slng surface of polyethylene shape to at least 1 wattsccQnd perr square centimeter of surface of "an'ionizingradiatioii of wherein the alcohol is References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,465,713 Dimrnick Mar. 29, 1949 10 (Copy in 204/158.1.)
10 2,668,133 Brophy Feb. 2, 1954 2,790,736 McLaughlin Apr. 30, 1957 FOREIGN PATENTS 665,263 Great Britain Jan. 23, 1952 1,058,934 France Nov. 10, 1953 OTHER REFERENCES Chem. Eng., September 1955, pp. 228, 232, and 234.
Modern Plastics and 254 (l17-Rad.).
(1), vol. 32, No. 10, pages 159, 252.
Patent Citations
Referenced by
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Ciao down.
20 Recipes to Make with What's in Your Pantry
With a candy-bar-inspired top and a crumbly cookie base, each of these rich squares packs a double dose of that perfect pairing: chocolate and peanut butter.
Recipe: No-Bake Chocolate and Peanut Butter Oatmeal Bars
To make squares instead of clusters, use a wet spatula and evenly spread mixture into a buttered 9- by 13-inch baking pan. Let set before cutting with a serrated knife.
Recipe: Crunchy Chocolate Treats
10 Buffalo Chicken Recipes


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New York City & Washington D.C. Increase Security Amid "Credible" Terror Threat Targeting
Just days before the 10th anniversary of the September 11, 2001 terrorists attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon, government officials are reporting on a credible but unconfirmed terror threat targeting means of transportation in New York City and Washington D.C.
On Thursday, U.S. officials revealed that the were chasing the credible but unconfirmed al-Qaida threat to use a car bomb on bridges or tunnels in New York or Washington. Security measures in both cities have been beefed up.
In NYC, police were already increasing security at bridges and tunnels, setting up vehicle checkpoints, doing bomb sweeps of parking garages, and towing more illegally parked cars. But Mayor Bloomberg says its nothing that New Yorkers haven't dealt with before and that they are prepared:
"Keep in mind, we have threats all the time," he said on his weekly radio appearance on WOR. "On the Internet, every day, there are threats of people, particularly around big sporting events and religious holidays, and around commemorations of things like 9/11. And each time the NYPD, with the FBI, we increase our security, which obviously we have done for this."
In an attempt to calm fears, Bloomberg rode the subway down to City Hall on Friday.


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Gear Review
Not my cup of tea
These bindings are awesome. They look, feel and ride really smooth. Great/easy customization. These bindings, especially the toe cap, could not get any more comfortable. I fell in love with them as soon as I strapped in for the first run.
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View More Details on Burton Prophecy Snowboard Binding


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