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Application of network flow techniques to constrained optimization problems is disclosed. The present of constrains may lead to infeasible solutions. The infeasible solutions can be removed by an iterative process of changing the structure of the network and/or the associated parameters. Specific applications of the invention to the placement of tristate buffers and clocks in integrated circuits are disclosed.
1. A method for placing a design onto an integrated circuit, said design comprising a plurality of electronic components, each of said electronic components being driven by at least one of a plurality of clocks, said method comprising:
dividing said integrated circuit into a plurality of regions;
generating a global placement solution for said design;
identifying plural sets of said clocks for said regions based on said placement solution, said plural sets of said clocks being under a constraint;
setting up a flow network representing said regions and said plural sets of clocks, wherein said flow network comprises a plurality of sources representing at least some of said plurality of clocks, a plurality of sinks representing at least some of said plurality of regions, and a plurality of edges connecting said sources and said sinks, and wherein at least one of said edges is associated with an initial cost, and said initial cost is related to deviation from said global placement solution;
obtaining a flow solution for said flow network; and
if said flow solution is infeasible, modifying said network to discourage said infeasible solution and repeating said obtaining step.
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generating a constraint graph based on said global placement solution; and
selecting said plural sets of clocks using said constraint graph in accordance with predetermined criterion.
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This invention relates to network flow, and more particularly to the application of network flow techniques to constrained optimization problems.
Many practical problems can be formulated and solved using network flow techniques. Some examples of such problems are: finding the fastest route between two locations in a city, determining the most efficient way to transport products from distribution centers to clients, and how best to route electricity from generating stations to buildings in a city. At a high-level, network flow techniques are applied as follows: First, the problem to be solved is analyzed and a "flow network" representing the problem is formulated. A flow network is a directed graph consisting of a set of nodes and edges. At least one of the nodes is designated as a source node; at least one of the nodes is designated as a sink node. Edges in the graph have a property called capacity and may also have a property called cost.
Intuitively, edges can be viewed as pipes and edge capacities represent the amount of fluid that may be sent through a pipe, and edge costs represent the cost of sending fluid through a pipe. Prior art techniques can be used to find the minimum cost, maximum network flow through the network from the source node(s) to the sink node(s). The solution to a network flow problem is a flow value for each edge (possibly zero). The network flow solution is translated into a solution for the original problem being solved; for example, flow along a particular edge in the network may imply the shipping of goods from a particular distribution center to a particular client. One limitation of the applicability of network flow techniques however is that they cannot be applied to problems having certain types of constraints. This is because these prior art techniques require that the network for which a flow is computed must be static. This eliminates the possibility of having dependencies in the flow network. Unfortunately, real life problems often have constraints and consequently, there are many problems to which network flow techniques cannot be applied.
A specific example will be used to illustrate the issue. In many engineering and operations research applications, it is important to be able to determine the optimal matching between a set of objects (e.g., electronic components, resources, people, etc.) with a set of slots (e.g., physical locations, tasks, buildings, people, etc.). An example is illustrated in FIG. 1A. It comprises a set of objects 102, 103, . . . , and 104 and a set of slots 106, 107, 108, . . . , and 109. The number of slots may be the same as or more than the number of objects. As a result, every object should match with one and only one of the slots. FIG. 1A shows a matching in which objects 102-104 are matched with slots 107, 106 and 109, respectively. Each edge in FIG. 1A has an associated cost, with the aim being to match the maximum number of objects to slots such that the cost of the matching is minimized. One method to find the minimum cost, maximum matching is the so-called "Hungarian algorithm". Information on this algorithm can be found in D. B. West, "Introduction to Graph Theory," Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, N.J., 2001.
It has been realized that the determination of the optimal matching is similar to the determination of maximum size, minimum cost flow in a flow network. FIGS. 1B shows a network 130. Elements that are substantially the same in FIGS. 1A-1B share the same reference numerals. In FIG. 1B, network 130 contains a "virtual source" 132 that originates flows to various objects in a source vertex set 134. Virtual source 132 is not a physical source, and it is added to facilitate the determination of the optimal matching. The flows from the selected slots are collected by a "virtual sink" 138. Virtual sink 138 is not a physical sink, and it is added to complete the flow.
The possible connections between the objects, slots, virtual source, and virtual sink are called "edges." FIG. 1B shows the set of edges. Three of them are shown as reference numerals 142-144. There is one requirement in the flow network 130 for the matching problem: edges do not exist between objects and between slots. Thus, there is no edge between objects 102-104. Similarly, there is no edge between slots 106-109. Each edge is associated with a "capacity" and a "cost." Various prior art methods have been developed to find edges between virtual source 132 and virtual sink 138 that can deliver the maximum size, minimum cost flow from the source to the sink. Edges between vertex sets 134 and 136 with non-zero flow constitute the edges of a maximum size, minimum cost matching of objects to slots. These edges correspond to the optimal matching between objects and slots in FIG. 1A. Information on various network flow techniques can be found in R. K. Ahuja, T. L. Magnanti and J. B. Orlin, "Network Flows," Prentice Hall, 1993.
Prior art methods assume that the objects in vertex sets 134 and 136 are independent. However, in many applications (such as computer-aided design), some of the objects are related to each other. An example in computer-aided design is the placement of low voltage differential signaling (LVDS) input-output (I/O) ports (i.e., objects) in field programmable gate array (FPGA) devices. In an FPGA, there are many input-output block (IOB) sites (i.e., slots). Because LVDS is a differential standard, each LVDS input or output is built using two adjacent IOB sites whereas inputs or outputs of other I/O standards require only a single IOB. Consequently, the differential signals of LVDS need to be placed to adjacent IOBs.
FIGS. 1A-1B show prior art matching between objects and slots.
FIGS. 2A-2C are schematic diagrams showing one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3A shows an example of an infeasible solution that may be obtained using the method of the present invention.
FIG. 3B shows the edges for which the costs need to be changed in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 3C shows an example of a feasible solution that may be obtained using the method of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing an operation of the present invention.
FIG. 5 shows an example network to which the invention can be applied.
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a process in accordance with the present invention.
FIGS. 7A-7B show two examples of tbufsets.
FIG. 8 is a flow chart showing an operation of the present invention.
FIG. 9A shows the locations of four tbufsets generated by a global placement algorithm.
FIG. 9B shows a prior art placement.
FIG. 9C shows one result of placing tbufsets in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a flow chart showing the steps in placing tbufsets in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 11A shows the result of a global placement solution.
FIG. 11B shows a placement result using the present invention.
FIGS. 12A and 12B show snapshots of solutions in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a flow chart showing an embodiment of the present invention as applied to placement of clocks in an integrated circuit.
FIG. 14 shows an exemplary solution from a global placement.
FIG. 15 is a portion of an exemplary constraint graph in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 16 shows the placement regions in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 17 is an exemplary flow network for solving the clock placement problem in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 18 is a flow chart illustrating the steps in solving the clock placement problem in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram showing one embodiment of the present invention. It contains a plurality of objects, such as objects 172-174 and 176-177, and a plurality of slots, such as slots 183-187. In FIG. 2A, a dashed box 175 encloses objects 176 and 177. This is used to indicate that these two objects need to meet certain constraints. In this example, the constraint is that slots corresponding to objects 176 and 177 need to be adjacent to each other. It should be noted that the present invention can be used to handle a large variety of constraints. For example, the constrained objects and slots can have various spatial relationships.
The present invention uses network flow as means for finding an optimal solution. In order to handle the constraints, two types of edges are used. The first type consists of edges formed between regular objects and all the slots. FIG. 2B shows this type of edge. Elements that are the same in FIGS. 2A and 2B have the same reference numerals. The first type of edge (such as 179-181) connects regular objects to slots (183-187). FIG. 2B also shows a virtual source 188 and a virtual sink 189. The first type of edge is also used to connect virtual source 188 to the objects (such as edge 197) and virtual sink 189 to the slots (such as edge 198).
The second type of edge consists of edges formed between constrained objects and slots under the constraint. FIG. 2C shows this type of edge. Elements that are substantially the same in FIGS. 2B and 2C share the same reference numerals. The slots are grouped together so that they are under the imposed constraint. In FIG. 2C, all the adjacent slots are grouped in accordance with the constraint (i.e., constrained objects 176-177 need to be adjacent to each other). The groups are shown as dashed boxes 191-194. Edges 201-204 are formed between dashed box 175 and dashed boxes 191-194.
In the present invention, the edge between object 176 and slot 183 (shown as dashed line 206) is assumed to be representative of edge 201. Thus the cost of edge 201 may depend on the cost of edge 206. In a different embodiment, the cost of edge 201 may also depend on the cost of the edge between object 177 and 184, since the matching of node 176 to node 183 implies matching node 177 to 184. Similar representation is applied to edges 202-204. In this example, all edges in FIGS. 2B and 2C have unit capacity and may have an associated cost.
Using the edges shown in FIGS. 2B and 2C, a matching is identified through the application of minimum cost, maximum network flow techniques. A possible solution is shown in FIG. 3A. The edges in FIG. 3A represent those edges with non-zero flow in the solution to the minimum cost, maximum network flow problem. Elements that are substantially the same in FIGS. 3A, 2B and 2C share the same reference numerals. The resulting solution edges are shown as edges 211-214. An edge (shown as dashed line 216) is inferred between object 177 and slot 184 because objects 176 and 177 are constrained, thus their corresponding slots need to be adjacent to each other. One problem with this matching is that it is infeasible because slot 184 is assigned to two objects, 177 and 173.
In order to obtain a feasible matching, the costs (or other parameters) associated with slot 184 are changed. FIG. 3B shows the edges 221-225 for which the costs may need to be changed.
A new optimal matching is computed by applying network flow methods using the new costs. If an infeasible matching is obtained, the costs associated with the offending slot are changed. This process is repeated until a feasible matching is obtained. An example of such a matching is shown in FIG. 3C. It shows five edges 231-235 between five objects and five separate slots.
The above described process is further illustrated in FIG. 4. It shows a process 250 that starts by accepting a flow network (step 252). In step 254, the slots are grouped together so that each group can be a candidate to match with the constrained objects. Edges between the constrained objects and the slot groups are determined in accordance with the above-described procedure. Costs are assigned. In step 256, process 250 obtains an optimal matching by applying minimum cost, maximum network flow techniques. In step 258, process 250 determines whether the matching is feasible. If this matching is feasible, process 250 stops. If the matching is infeasible, process 250 determines whether the maximum number of iterations has been executed (step 262). If the threshold number is reached, the process generates an error message (step 264) and then stops. If the threshold number is not reached, parameters of the flow network are changed to discourage the infeasible condition in the next iteration (step 266). An example of a parameter is the cost of edges in the flow network. Another optimal matching is obtained using the modified parameters (step 268). Process 250 branches back to step 258 to determine whether another iteration is needed.
The above-described approach can be applied to other types of network flow situations. FIG. 5 shows one such flow network 270. It contains a source 272, a sink 274 and a plurality of intermediate nodes 276 a-276 h. In network 270, sink 274 has three edges (278 a-278 c) entering it. The normal minimum cost, maximum network flow solution will likely direct flows through all of these edges. If the constraint is that there can only be flow along two of the edges, the solution is not valid. The method of the present invention can be applied to find a valid solution. Specifically, network 270 can be adjusted to discourage flows to all three edges in the next iteration. One way to achieve this goal is to alter the capacity of one of the edges based on the amount of flow through the edges. For example, the capacity of the edge with the least flow can be set to zero. As a result, no flow can pass through that edge in the next iteration in which a new flow is computed. Another way to achieve this goal is to change the costs of the edges.
FIG. 6 shows a process 280 for finding a solution for a network flow on which a set of constraints is imposed. The constraints cannot be "encoded" into the flow, and conventional methods cannot be used to find a solution. In step 282, a minimum cost, maximum flow solution is computed using conventional methods. In step 284, process 280 determines whether the solution is feasible (i.e., meets the constraints). If the solution is feasible, process 280 stops. If the solution is not feasible, process 280 determines whether other stopping criteria have been met (step 286). If one of the stopping criteria is met, no more iteration is performed. However, the solution is still invalid. Thus, an error message is preferably generated (step 288). Process 280 then stops. A user may then use other methods (such as exhaustive techniques) to generate a feasible solution. If more iteration is allowed, the network is modified to discourage the infeasible condition in the next iteration (step 289), i.e., the constraints are more likely to be met in the next iteration. Process 280 then branches back to step 282 to compute another minimum cost, maximum flow solution.
In addition to changing the costs and capacities, the modification can be achieved by other means, such as adding and/or deleting edges, nodes, sources and/or sinks, and/or otherwise altering the properties of these components. Also, the rate of modification may depend on the amount of infeasibility in the solution. For example, if the infeasible solution is very close to being feasible, then only small modifications to the network are likely necessary to achieve feasibility.
An application of the method of the present invention to place objects with partial shape restriction is disclosed below. One example of such an object is a kind of buffers called "tbufset," which is a set of tristate buffers (tbufs) driving the same signal. The tbufs in a tbufset have specific geometric relationship (e.g., fixed in one direction and have certain freedom in another direction). In some FPGAs, such as Virtex II (designed by Xilinx, Inc., the assignee of the present patent application), a tbufset contains a plurality of tbufs that occupy the same row in a placement x-y coordination grid. In Virtex II, the tbuf sites are always available in multiples of fours in every tbuf row. Also, only tbufs in the same tbufset can occupy these sites. No two tbufsets can overlap.
FIG. 7A shows an example of two tbufsets that do not meet the above-described rules. The tbufs in the first tbufset are marked with the numeral "1" inside black circles, and the tbufs in the second tbufset are marked with the numeral "2". Each tbufset has three tbufs. The two tbufsets occupy six adjacent sites. Each site is represented by a small rectangle. A solid box 302 spanning four rectangles is used to show the four sites for the first tbufset and a dashed box 304 spanning four rectangles is used to show the four sites for the second tbufset. The two tbufsets overlap because the leftmost tbuf of the second tbufset and the rightmost tbuf of the first tbufset intrude into the territory of the other tbufset.
FIG. 7B shows an example of two tbufsets, shown as boxes 306 and 308 that meet the above-describe rule. Thus, it shows a valid placement of tbufsets.
In one embodiment of the present invention, a two-step process is used. This is shown in FIG. 8. In the first step (step 322), a global placement is applied to the whole FPGA, including the tbufsets. In general, global placement returns placement information (in real number form) on every component in a design. However, all placement sites in a FPGA are at integer. locations. Consequently, there is a need for a post processing step to fit the real number solution to integer locations (called "fitting"). In this embodiment of the present invention, the fitting step is performed using the optimal matching method of the present invention (step 324).
An application of these two steps is described. FIG. 9A illustrates the result after applying global placement. It shows a placement grid of eight rows and fifteen columns. These are possible locations for placing tbufs. Four tbufsets are shown, their tbufs labeled using numerals "1", "2", "3" and "4" inside black circles. The placement of the tbufs in the grid is the result of global placement (i.e., step 322). It can be seen that the first and second tbufsets are not valid because some of their tbufs occupy the same site. The third and fourth tbufsets are invalid because these two tbufsets overlap.
A prior art fitting solution to remove invalid placement is shown in FIG. 9B. This approach sorts the tbufsets based on their criticality: fit the most critical tbufset first using breadth first search. The size of a tbufset is fixed apriori (e.g., the smallest size that can accommodate all the tbufs in the tbusfset). This ensures a solution when a feasible solution exists. The method tries to place the tbufset at the mean of the locations (produced by global placement) of the individual tbufs that constitute the set. Using the means solution as a starting point, a breadth first search is performed to find a vacant place for all the tbufs in the set. This procedure continues until all the tbufs in a set are fitted. One disadvantage of this approach is that the tbufset structure obtained from global placement is discarded. For example, in FIG. 9B all the tbufs in a row are bunched together. This results in large fitting errors and degradation in performance.
FIG. 10 is a flow chart 340 showing more details of step 324 of FIG. 8. In step 342, the global placement solution is accepted as input. In step 344, a flow network is set up using information from the global placement. In one implementation, every tbufset is modeled as an object in the source vertex set (this object will simply be called a "source" in this implementation). The flow from a virtual source to the source is set equal to the size of the tbufset. In one embodiment, the size of the tbufset is calculated by taking the difference between the location of the leftmost tbuf and the rightmost tbuf in that set. The leftmost and rightmost locations in a tbufset are calculated from the global placement solution by snapping them to the nearest tbuf sites (neglecting the overlaps it might cause). Because of the requirement in Virtex II architecture, the size of a tbufset is rounded to multiples of four. For example, the size of the tbufset labeled "3" is 16 (multiples of 4) although the actual size is 14. Every row in the placement grid is modeled as a slot in the sink vertex set (each slot will simply be called a "sink" in this implementation). The capacity of a sink is the number of tbufs that a row can accommodate. Edges are formed between the sources and the sinks. An unconstrained tbufset (source) has edges to all the sinks as it can be placed in any row in the placement grid. The cost associated with an edge represents the cost that is incurred in assigning the corresponding source to the corresponding sink. The initial costs to the edges are assigned (step 346). In this implementation, the cost between a tbufset (source) and a row (sink) is directly proportional to the distance from the row in the global placement solution to the row under consideration. For example, if the source corresponds to the tbufset labeled "1" and the sink corresponds to the first row of the placement grid, the edge cost is proportional to 3.
In step 350, a conventional matching algorithm is used to find a minimum cost solution that meets the basic condition: (a) sink capacities are not violated, and (b) all the source flow is distributed to one or more sinks and there is no remaining flow. One problem of using conventional matching algorithm is that the solution may violate architectural constraint of the target integrated circuit (e.g., Virtex II). In the present implementation, all the tbufs in a tbufset need to be in the same row. This means that all the flow (i.e., size of tbufsets) from a source (i.e., tbufset) must be directed to one and only one sink (i.e., row). As a result, conventional algorithm may lead to infeasible solution. The method of the present invention is used to generate a feasible solution.
In step 352, it is determined that whether there is any split flow from any source (corresponding to more than one row for a tbufset). If there is no split flow, the placement is valid (step 354). The individual tbufs are then placed (step 355). If there is split flow, the placement is invalid. It is determined whether the allowable maximum number of iterations is exceeded (step 356). If this number is exceeded, there is no solution using this method. A corresponding notification is generated (step 358). The flow chart then terminates. If the number is not exceeded, the parameters of the flow network are changed with an aim to remove the split in the next iteration (step 360). The flow chart branches back to step 350 to obtain another solution.
One method to implement step 355 is described. It uses the result of the solution calculated in step 350, i.e., the sizes (or flows) and the location of the tbufsets, to calculate how far a tbufset can span. The tbufsets in the same row are sorted by the position of the leftmost tbuf in the set based on a global placement solution. Each tbufset is placed by packing individual tbufs in the set until all the tbufs in the set are accommodated by placing them to the nearest vacant positions from the positions suggested by global placement. This is repeated by all the sorted tbufsets.
More details about step 360 are now described. In one embodiment, all the sources that are assigned to multiple sinks are identified. The costs associated with the edges from these sources are changed (e.g., increased). The aim is to discourage splitting of flows. One way is to penalize all edges originated from an offending source, however each edge is penalized by a different factor. An edge that has lots of flow along it is penalized little and an edge with a small flow is penalized a lot. As a result, there is a stronger motivation for a flow to concentrate on one edge. If flow splitting persists, other parameters can be changes. For example, the size of the tbufsets can be reduced (see the discussion below for additional details).
Applying the flow chart of FIG. 10 to the global placement solution in FIG. 9A, one solution is shown in FIG. 9C. Comparing the solutions shown in FIGS. 9B and 9C, it can be seen that the solution using the method of the present invention is closer to the original global placement. Thus, this solution is likely to have better performance compared to the prior art solution.
Another example of applying the method of the present invention is disclosed. In this example, a global placement solution is shown in FIG. 11A. This solution does not meet the constraints on tbufsets (the tbufsets labeled 2 and 3 overlap). The method of the present invention can be used to find a valid solution. FIG. 12A shows a snapshot of a solution in accordance with the present invention. It contains a source vertex set 382 and a sink vertex set 384. Source vertex set 382 contains five sources because there are five tbufsets. These sources are labeled 1-5 to conform with the labeling in FIG. 11A. Sink vertex set 384 contains four sinks because there are four rows. These sinks are labeled 1-4 to correspond to the rows (from top to bottom) in FIG. 11A. A flow is directed to each source, and the number associated with the flow is the size of the corresponding tbufset. Note that the size of tbufset 2 is 8 even though FIG. 11A indicates that its span is 5. This is because the size are in multiplies of 4. The sinks all have capacity of 8 because each row has eight sites. The connections between the sources and the sinks show the flows based on the solution (with the numbers indicate the magnitudes of the flows). For example, source 2 has a connection to sink 2 having a magnitude of 6 and a connection to sink 4 having a magnitude of 2. Note that this solution is invalid because the flow from each of sources 2 and 3 is divided into two sinks.
In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, the flow to the source can be modified. Because source 2 is a problem source and it can be reduced, the flow to this source can be changed from 8 to 4. Note that the minimum length for this set is 4, and hence this reduction is a valid one. FIG. 12B shows a solution after this change is made. There is only one connection between a source and a sink. Thus, this is a valid solution.
FIG. 11B shows the placement corresponding to the solution of FIG. 12B. The rightmost tbufs of tbufset 2 is moved to the left so that all the four tbufs in this set occupy four sites. As a result, the tbufs in tbufset 3 can occupy the remaining four sites in the same row.
Another application of the present invention is in the placement of clocks in an integrated circuit (such as a FPGA). An FPGA has a large number of repetitive synchronous logic elements (e.g., flip-flops) that are driven by various clocks. For placement purpose, a large FPGA (such as the Virtex II) can be divided into regions. There are constraints on using clocks to drive logic elements in the regions. For example, Virtex II has 16 different clocks grouped into 8 primary-secondary pairs. One constraint is that the maximum number of clocks is restricted, and another constraint is that only one member of a pair (either primary or secondary) can drive the logic elements in a region. Clocks that are restricted are called conflicting clocks (e.g., the primary and secondary clocks in a pair are conflicting clocks). One goal of the present invention is to find an optimal solution that meets the restrictions while minimally impacting standard placement objectives (e.g., wirelength and timing optimization).
FIG. 13 is a flow chart 450 showing this embodiment of the invention. In step 452, a conventional global placement algorithm is used to generate a solution. This global placement imposes no constraint related to the clocks. Thus, the solution is optimal, but it may violate the above-described restrictions. In step 454, a constraint graph is drawn using the solution of step 452. This graph summarizes the solution for the clocks so that the relationship between the clocks can be easily determined. In step 456, critical clocks are identified. Critical clocks are those that are conflicting, and the conflict needs to be resolved. In step 458, a corresponding flow network is created. In step 460, an iterative procedure of the present invention is used to find a valid solution. In step 462, post-processing is performed to determine the range constraint of the clocks.
FIG. 14 shows an exemplary solution from a global placement (i.e., step 452). It shows an exemplary integrated circuit divided into 8 regions, R1-R8. The dots in FIG. 14 show the components connected to clocks. A region may have components connected to more than one clock (e.g., clock 1 and clock 2), and this situation is called contention.
FIG. 15 is a portion of an exemplary constraint graph generated after step 454. One rectangular box is used to represent a logical clock. A number labeled "size" inside a box corresponds to the total number of times the clock appears in all the regions in FIG. 14. For example, the "size=158" legend for clock 1 indicates that clock 1 occurs 158 times in the integrated circuit of FIG. 14. The clocks are connected to each other by lines. Each line is associated with two numbers: (a) how many regions the two clocks are in contention, and (b) a number equal to the sum of the minimum contention of these two clocks in each region. As an example, the line connecting clocks 1 and 2 in FIG. 15 has values of 2 and 11. It shows that clock 1 and clock 2 have two regions in contention. If, for example, region 1 has five sites for clock 1 and ten sites for clock 2, the minimum contention of clocks 1 and 2 in region 1 is five. Similarly, if region 2 has twelve sites for clock 1 and six sites for clock 2, the minimum contention of clocks 1 and 2 in region 2 is six. Because clocks 1 and 2 are in contention only in these two regions, the sum of the minimum contention is eleven. It should be noted that the complete constraint graph shows information about all the clocks, not just the twelve clocks shown in FIG. 15.
Some of the clocks in FIG. 15 do not have lines between them. It shows that there is no contention between the clocks.
The logical clocks shown in FIG. 15 need to be assigned to physical locations on an integrated circuit. If there are more clocks than regions, some of the regions will have more than one clock assigned to it. However, the architecture of Virtex II dictates that a primary-secondary pair cannot occupy the same region. Thus, clock assignment should aim for minimum contention so that only a small change is needed to resolve the contention. The constraint graph of FIG. 15 can be used for this purpose. In FIG. 15, clocks 1 and 3 do not any line between them. This shows that there is no contention between them. Thus, they can be chosen as a primary-secondary pair. Similar consideration applies to other clocks that do not have connecting lines (e.g., clocks 2 and 4). A user may set predetermined criteria for clock assignment based on the number of regions in contention and the number of minimum contentions (obtained from FIG. 15). After all the clocks are assigned to physical locations based on the predetermined criteria, critical clocks are identified. As discussed above, for Virtex II, critical clocks are those clocks that are in primary-secondary pairs.
The creation of a flow network (i.e., step 458) of the present invention can begin after the critical clocks are determined. In each region, the critical clocks and their cluster size are identified. An example is shown in FIG. 16. Each region may have several critical clocks. For example, region 1 (R1) has four critical clocks, designated as R1C1, R1C2, R1C3, and R1C4. The number next to a clock label indicates the cluster size, which is the number of components connected to a particular clock that is present in a particular region. For example, R1C1(20) in FIG. 16 means that there are 20 elements present in region 1 connected to clock 1. The cluster size can be obtained by just counting the components present in that region with that clock.
A flow network 500 is now constructed (FIG. 17). It contains a virtual source 502 and a virtual sink 504. The collection of critical clocks in the regions, such as R1C1 and R2C2 of FIG. 16, forms the source vertex set. The flow from virtual source 502 to a source in the source vertex set is the cluster size of the source. In this flow network, non-critical clocks are not considered. The collection of regions, such as R1 and R2 of FIG. 16, forms the sink vertex set. The capacity of a sink is the number of sites available in the corresponding region. Edges (such as edges 506-509) are placed in the flow network. An edge links a source and a sink if all the logic elements from the source can be placed in the particular sink. The linking of the edges can reflect other constraints imposed by users of the placement method of the present invention. However, clock related constraints are not reflected in the edges. These constraints are handled by the method of the present invention.
FIG. 18 is a flow chart 540 of the solving of the flow network using the method of the present invention (corresponding to steps 458 and 460 in FIG. 13). In step 542, the global placement solution and critical clock information are used. In step 544, a flow network (see FIG. 17) is constructed. In step 546, initial costs are assigned to the edges. In one embodiment, the initial cost on an edge is directly proportional to the distance from the sink under consideration to the sink proposed by global placement solution. The cost will be minimum for an edge between a source and a sink if the sink is the one proposed by global placement for that particular source. In step 550, a conventional flow network algorithm is used to find a solution. In step 552, the solution is check to determined whether it is valid (in this example, a solution is invalid if at least one sink is critical, i.e., a sink that has at least one pair of critical resource assigned to it). If there is no critical sink, the solution is valid (step 554), and the flow chart stops (step 555). If the solution is invalid, it is determined whether the allowable maximum number of iterations is exceeded (step 556). If this number is exceeded, there is no solution using the approach of the present invention. A corresponding notification is generated (step 558). The flow chart then terminates. If the number is not exceeded, the edges that make the sink critical are penalized, with an aim to remove the criticality in the next iteration (step 360). The flow chart branches back to step 550 to obtain another solution.
Step 560 controls how fast the flow chart converges to a valid solution. In this step, the conflicting edges are penalized. The conflicting edges are found by picking the edges that makes a sink critical. A set of conflicting edges (to a sink) is the set of edges from all sources assigned to the sink and driven by the same critical clock. As each conflicting set corresponds to a conflicting clock, there will be as many pairs of conflicting sets as there are pairs of conflicting clocks assigned to this region. Each edge in the conflicting set penalizes all other edges in the other conflicting set by a factor that is proportional to its flow and size. Assume that clocks C1 and C2 are a critical pair. If there are 4 edges of clock C1 assigned to a sink S1, and 2 edges of clock C2 assigned to the same sink, then each edges of clock C1 penalizes each edge of clock C2 by a factor of its cluster size and flow (obtained from the solution). Similarly each edge of clock C2 penalizes each edge of clock C1 by a factor that is proportional to its flow and cluster size. Thus, the cost on edges of clock C1 is penalized twice, and cost on edges of clock C2 is penalized 4 times. The proportionality constant is chosen so that it does not radically change the cost in the previous iteration. With this kind of modification, the edges that have heavy flow will tend to divert the lighter conflicting edges out of the critical sink.
The post-processing step (i.e., step 462 of FIG. 13) is now described. The post-processing expands the regions for a source to its adjacent region (if possible). This step is important because it will be easier for a global placer algorithm that follows clock placement to find a solution. It is known that every time there are range constraints, the solution from a global placer will have to be modified to satisfy these constraints. A range constraint restricts the freedom of movement for the components. This in turn restricts the search space of the algorithm following clock placement and may ignore potentially good quality solutions. Hence, a bigger range constraint leads to a lesser restriction in the search space thereby improving the quality of solution. The post-processing is done by first sorting the sinks based on the decreasing order of their densities (defined as total flow/capacity) and expanding each sink in turn. Expanding a sink consists of expanding all the sources that are assigned to this sink. A source is expanded to a neighboring region if it can be placed in this region without violating clock region constraint. After all the expandable neighboring regions are found, the rectangular boundary that includes only those regions forms the range constraint to all the components in that source. Finally, range constraint is assigned to the logic of the integrated circuit (e.g., slices in an FPGA). During this step all the logic present in a particular source is assigned a range constraint based on the sinks (region) to which this source was assigned.
It can be seen from the above description that a novel application of network flow techniques to constrained optimization problems has been disclosed. Those having skill in the relevant arts of the invention will now perceive various modifications and additions which may be made as a result of the disclosure herein. Accordingly, all such modifications and additions are deemed to be within the scope of the invention, which is to be limited only by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Patent Citations
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text:
Junior Visit Day
Saturday, April 25, 2015
Thanks for registering for the Junior Visit Day at Baldwin Wallace University. You will have an opportunity to get to know faculty, staff and students and take a tour of campus.
An official confirmation of your visit is on its way!
Check-in begins at 9:00 a.m.
We look forward to seeing you on campus!
Contact Information
p: 440.826.7333
tf: 1.877.BW.APPLY
e: firstname.lastname@example.com

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Horse Drawn Hay & Sleigh Rides in Northeastern Wisconsin
Enjoy good old fashioned horse drawn hayrides at Rock K Ranch. Owned and operated by Dick and Rita Koltz and family since 1963, the Koltz Family has opened up their farm to provide a relaxing, friendly horse drawn hayride to groups of all sizes.
Located in the heart of Greenleaf's countryside, between Green Bay & Appleton, the farm is open all year round and is available for corporate events, special gatherings, family reunions, picnics, school outings or just a get together with friends.
A hayride wouldn't be the same without a bonfire in the cozy setting of the outdoors.
Don't miss out!
Make your reservations today and see what others have experienced
over the past 50 years


text:
SNHU Professor Eleanor Dunfey-Freiburger Honored for Outstanding Achievement
Eleanor Dunfey-Freiburger, SNHU professor of ethics and civic engagement, was recently honored with Emmanuel College's Distinguished Alumnae Award.
Dunfey-Freiburger received her undergraduate degree from Emmanuel College and for three years was its dean of students. Dunfey-Freiburger says Emmanuel College "shaped my own teaching philosophy."
Dunfey-Freiburger is SNHU's first professor of ethics and civic engagement. Since leaving the chair two years ago, she has been in charge of the Civic Engagement/Service Learning initiative. In this role, Dunfey-Freiburger works with faculty across the University to integrate scholarship and service into the curriculum. She also teaches Business Ethics and Contemporary Moral Issues, and works with student leaders in various University wide initiatives.


text:
The Red Bullets. Black Bottom Club, Northampton
It has been several months since GigPhotographer has caught up with the Red Bullets. To quote their lead singer Pete, "It has been an up and down year". That reflects what has happened with the absence of their lead guitarist Kyle Hall and their bass player Mark Wheeler.
But all that was filed into the history books as the Red Bullets performed an amazing set to a pack Black Bottom Club.
I am currently editing the photos, but I thought I would mention there will be a whole flood of new photos for you to enjoy soon!


text:
Good Morning Addicts!
|Habs' Brendan Gallagher battles with Flyers' defenseman
Luke Schenn in last night's 4-1 win.
Peter Budaj earned his first win of the season playing in his first home game after losing his first two starts on the road. The win could prove to have been costly as Brendan Gallagher and Max Pacioretty each left the game with upper body injuries.
Gallagher, who earned the game's first star with a goal and an assist, was hit hard from behind by Flyers defenseman Luke Schenn. Pacioretty, who is still in search of his first goal, was hauled down by Philly defender Kimmo Timonen and crashed into the post.
More information on the extent of the injuries is expected after the team practices at noon today.
Habs and Hockey News
- Michael Bournival earned a hat-trick for the Hamilton Bulldogs last night scoring all three goals in the third period in the Bulldog's 4-2 win over the Houston Aeros.
- Here's Andrew Berkshire's fifth edition of the Canadiens Prospect Roundup.
- And with Rene Bourque's great start to the season, I thought I would pull a little something I wrote out of the MontrealhockeyTalk.com archives from last January.
(Photo by Graham Hughes/Canadian Press)


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|Yummy pasta lunch.
We were recently invited to try the lunch solution, MOMables. What a great idea! Now busy parents do not have to struggle every morning to come up with a fun, nutritious lunch before they have truly woken up. They offer "picky eater, kid-tested recipes" that can be made in 10 minutes or less. Lunch, solved!
MOMables is a lunch service that provides a fun, healthy lunch menu along with a shopping list and preparation instructions. Each lunch has a picture to show you (and your lunch eater) how fun the meals can be.
I loved the simple shopping list with room to customize the items for your child. We enjoyed putting together fun lunches that took us outside our usual rut. There are tips with every lunch to let you know how to prepare the meal in advance and how to properly store it until lunchtime. Almost makes me wish I had to pack a lunch for Audrey. Soon enough.
On vacations and during the summer lunches are augmented with fabulous dinners and snacks from sites like Fresh 20 and The Six O'clock Scramble! I was really impressed with the dinners and enjoyed all that we tried.
This program solves all of your lunch problems. Head over now and read the blog for all sorts of great food tips. And be sure to check out the recipe section!
|Healthy and delicious!


text: Next Purchase this photo Sholten Singer/ The Herald Dispatch Racers take practice laps as they prepare for the West Virginia 2013 Indoor Motocross Championship on Friday, Jan. 4, 2013, at the Big Sandy Superstore Arena. Gallery: 2013 Year in Review Sports Photos by Sholten Singer Dec. 29, 2013 @ 11:49 PM Sholten Singer The Herald-Dispatch photographer Sholten Singer looks back on sports shots of the year 2013. ()


text:
Press Releases
Carroll Launches Engineering Courses
Release Date: 3/19/2010
CONTACT: Sylvia Blair
Executive Assistant to the President
Carroll Community College
Carroll Community College Launches Engineering Courses
Students Begin Engineering Studies in Fall, 2010
Westminster, Md., March 19, 2010--Students interested in pursuing careers in engineering have a new educational option. Carroll Community College (Carroll) will for the first time offer courses in engineering this fall. An affordable, convenient path is now available for students to transfer to four-year engineering programs in Maryland. This fall, students can begin to prepare at Carroll to compete in the workforce for high-in-demand careers in the Baltimore-Washington business corridor and beyond.
"I am pleased to respond to workforce needs by adding engineering at Carroll," said College President Dr. Faye Pappalardo. " It is important to give students options about where they can prepare for a technical career."
"Carroll Community College has launched the introduction of courses in the fields of electrical engineering and computer systems engineering. Both areas of study have solid career prospects," said Dr. James Ball, vice president of Academic and Student Affairs at Carroll. "Current students at the college, high school graduates, and career changers in the workforce with math/science aptitude may likely pursue engineering at Carroll."
Students who choose to begin their engineering studies at Carroll will experience lower costs, small class size, and the convenience of studying close to home. The program can be completed on a part-time or full-time basis.
Carroll is reaching out to prospective students in several ways. Engineering faculty will present information to high school staff who offer guidance to their students about college and career options. Concurrently enrolled students who are in the junior or senior years of high school and take a course or two at Carroll are another potential market.
Vincent T. Oakley, director of Field Engineering and Services at Northrop Grumman's Electronic Systems sector, is pleased to see more colleges taking the initiative of offering engineering programs. " "The need for engineers and scientists is persistent and one of the biggest challenges we face as a nation. Considering the numbers of engineers relative to the overall demographics of the workforce, there is a deficit of young people considering technical career fields," said Oakley, whose office is located in the Sykesville, Maryland facility.
Northrop Grumman is a leading global security company whose 120,000 employees provide innovative systems, products, and solutions in aerospace, electronics, information systems, shipbuilding and technical services to government and commercial customers worldwide.
This spring, the dedicated faculty team at Carroll that is shepherding engineering studies is busy preparing labs and curricula for the inaugural students who will christen the new field of study at Carroll in fall, 2010.


text:
Give 20 Challenge
The Community Service office and Community Service House are challenging Whitman students, faculty, and staff to volunteer 20 hours this semester.
By signing up for the Give 20 Challenge you agree to devote 20 hours to serve the community. There is no penalty if you do not complete the 20 hours, but we will encourage you with reminders to keep you on track and celebrate your accomplishment if you meet your goal. You might volunteer weekly at one organization, participate in the multitude of volunteer opportunities available through the Student Engagement Center and the Community Service House, or complete one or two full day shifts of volunteer work. If you already participate in one or more of the community service programs offered at Whitman, the Give 20 Challenge is easy!
If you are interested in taking on the Give 20 Challenge please email firstname.lastname@example.com or sign up at the Student Activities Fair on Monday, September 2nd.
In order to keep track of volunteer hours, please fill out our Volunteer Hour Tracker and send it email@example.com at the end of the semester.


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10:47 am
Thu March 11, 2004
NMSU Searches For Next President: What Wanat Wants
By Michael Olson
Las Cruces, NM – As the first presidential candidate to hold public forums on campus Dr. Wanat was calm and deliberative. He shared his academic experiences from the northern Midwest and fielded a range of questions from faculty, staff, students and community leaders.
Wanat says the university needs to be clear what it is providing the state as a return on the tax dollars it receives. He said that tax dollars are an investment in the future where returns can take 10 to 15 years to surface. While technical research programs are important as part of this return he cautioned that the University needs to be able to have a robust liberal arts program as well.


text:
Sous Vide Pork Chops
Each of these hefty pork chops serves 2 people. Mac 'n' cheese is the perfect side dish (see related recipe at left).
- 2 bone-in double-cut pork chops, each 1 1/4 to 1 1/2 lb.
- 3 tsp. dry brine
- 4 Tbs. (1/2 stick) unsalted butter
- 6 to 8 fresh sage leaves, roughly chopped, plus 10 to 12 whole sage leaves
- 1/4 cup plus 1 Tbs. vegetable oil
Prepare a sous vide immersion circulator for use according to the manufacturer's instructions. Preheat the water to 138°F.
Season each pork chop on all sides with 1 1/2 tsp. of the dry brine. Place the chops in a single layer into a vacuum-sealable bag. Add the butter and chopped sage to the bag. Using a vacuum sealer, vacuum and seal the bag tight according to the manufacturer's instructions; be sure you have a smooth, airtight seal. Carefully place the bag into the circulating water and cook for 2 1/2 hours.
Just before the chops are done, in a small sauté pan over medium heat, warm the 1/4 cup oil until it sizzles when the tip of a sage leaf is dipped into it. Working in batches, fry the whole sage leaves until lightly translucent, 30 to 60 seconds. Transfer to a paper towel-lined plate.
Carefully remove the bag from the circulating water and remove the pork chops from the bag. In a large fry pan over medium heat, warm the 1 Tbs. oil. Add the chops and sear, turning once, until golden brown, 2 to 3 minutes per side. Transfer to a cutting board and cut into slices. Garnish with the fried sage leaves and serve immediately. Serves 4.


text:
Michael L. Canalizo
Meadow Farm
105 Horseshoe Rd.
Mill Neck, NY 11765
(727) 946-1880
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
[ edit profile ]
I am currently categorized as an Inactive judge due to employment with the American Kennel Club. While unable to officiate within the USA I am approved to judge internationally for these Breeds and Groups:
Best in Show
Sporting: Retrievers ( Golden), Setters ( English, Gordon & Irish), Spaniels (Cocker)
All Hounds
Working: Boxers, Doberman Pinschers & Rottweilers
Terrier: Manchester Terriers
All Toys
Non-Sporting: Bichon Frises, Bulldogs, Chinese Shar-Pei & All Poodles
All Junior Showmanship Classes


text:
Karan Johar is a son of the late Yash Johar and a popular Indian film director, producer, and TV celebrity.Karan Johar formally entered the film industry as an actor.
Bollywood Celebrity Ranking
India's Got Talent Season 5 (Forum)
Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 5 - Dancing with the stars (Forum)
Jhalak Dikhhlaa Jaa Season 6 (Forum)
Jhalak Dikhhlaa Jaa Season 7 (Forum)
Koffee With Karan Season 3 (Forum)
Check out the most updated and latest information about Karan Johar's on the Internet.We have 181 videos of Karan Johar including interviews, events, or public appearances.Karan Johar has over 60 Fans registered on India-Forums.com. We have 726 Bollywood News articles related to Karan Johar.Do share your criticism, comments and feedback for the Actor on Karan Johar's comments page. We have over 53 Photos of Karan Johar to view and download including Karan Johar's Wallpapers.
Karan Johar Fan Club (60)
Comment on Karan Johar
(everything from quick facts, opinions, fanmails to controversies goes here)Join India Forums for free to comment on this celebrity. Have an account already? use Quick Login to comment.
Read more comments on Karan Johar
i love u karan... u are my jaan u are my heart.. you are so so so cute and lovely.. u are like a baby
i love u kjo n pls one chance to sara khan to do ur movie she is brillient n multi tallented actress.
Pls gave her one chance doing ur movie as a main lead
Its ur n sara khans fans demand.
Ok sir gud bye.
Have a nice day.tc.
Love the stories you weave!!!!! You are a brillant director...just love your vision!!!!
If you really are the brain of Bollywood, I look it up to you to come up with something which will show Barun Sobti's Extraordinary Talent and also his magnificent looks. There are so many subtle things about Sobti which NO body else in BW possess. He is a Gem who needs to be brought to Surface for the whole world to admire. Living in USA, so many of us, who had No interest in Hindi cinema, have become Devout followers of Indian Serial. It remains up to guys like yourself to give the new actor a chance and the audience to enjoy BW
karan u rock totally...love u always
karan u rock totally...love u always
karan u rock totally...love u always
karan u rock totally...love u always
karan u rock totally...love u always
karan u rock totally...love u always
karan u rock totally...love u always
karan u rock totally...love u always
karan u rock totally...love u always
karan u rock totally...love u always
karan u rock totally...love u always
Love you forever and always
Edited on:09 August 2013 at 3:43am
I completley respect u sir but I don't like the comment that gave it to Sanaya that "in your that doesn't happen' i felt that u were trying to Sanaya realise that she doesn't have that standard but sir she's so good I love her so much...
Karan Johar
Edited on:19 April 2015 at 1:55am
plz cast sid in ur next movie
hey Karan Johar please i am request for you and now your great job performance student of the year great beautiful movie!!!!!! i like varun
please farah khan do u know harshad chopda come back bollywood
...Harshad Chopda By the end it show all eyes evil always!!!!! ...('v)
Best Actor HARSHAD CHOPDA
-*- as Akshat in Amber & Dhara -*-
-*- as Cadet Ali Baigh in Left Right Left -*-
-*- as Prem Juneja in Kis Desh Mein Hai Mera Dil -*-
-*- as Anurag Ganguly in Tere Liye -*-
-*- as Mohan Gala Dharampatni -*-
-*-as Raghav Malhotra Dil se di dua.Saubhagyavati Bhava? -*-
All The Character Good Great Job Chemistry Television Harshad Chopda Good Channel
1.Amber Dhara
2.Kahaani Humaaray Mahaabhaarat Ki
3.Left Right Left
4.Kis Desh Mein Hai Meraa Dil
5.Tere Liye
6.Dharam Patni
7. Dil se di dua.Saubhagyavati Bhava?
varun is bollywood student of the year!! and now i am request for karan johar and farah khan bollywood come back soon harshad chopda God Bless You KJ dear!!! Thanks!!!!!!!!!!!
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text:
Brendan Rodgers makes his first return to the Liberty Stadium as Liverpool take on Swansea City on Sunday afternoon - listen to the whole game live on LFC TV from 1.30pm GMT.
For the best build-up to the game tune into LFC TV from 12.30pm GMT.
This is how the afternoon will unfold on LFC TV and online.
1.30pm: Countdown to Kick-off on LFC TV
Enjoy the best build-up to the clash at the Liberty Stadium as Matt Critchley is joined by ex-Red Gary Gillespie to look ahead to the match. With team news and exclusive interviews, 'Countdown to Kick-off' has everything you need to get you in the mood for the big game.
1.30pm: Swansea City v Liverpool
As kick-off approaches you can log on to LFC TV Online and listen to every kick of the action.
3.30pm: This is Anfield Matchday Special on LFC TV
What did you think of the game? Which players stood out for you? Whatever you want to say about the 90 minutes of action, call 0845 234 4567 and share your views with fellow fans all over the world.
12 midnight: You can watch goals and highlights on LFC TV Online.
Find out more about how you can watch LFC TV>>
Sign up to our online service and listen to live commentary from 1.30pm>>
Tagged: commentary , lfc tv , live commentary
Submit your views in the box below. Alternatively, you can debate these issues with fellow fans on our Message Boards or blog about them on The Kop
The views expressed here are not those of Liverpool Football Club (read more)


text:
|iOS and Apps All your questions and discussion of iOS or iOS Apps.
|Post Reply
|New Thread
|Thread Tools
Member Since: Aug 28, 2004
Posts: 234
I understand that Photo STream on the phone keeps 1000 of your most recent photos, so even if you upload ones from say my Nikon D3100 to iPhoto, it pushes them out to the iPhone and that ones older than 1000 are removed.
What I want to confirm is once they go from the iPhone to iPhoto over photo stream, the event it makes, is that permanent? Or does that get deleted ever? I'm just trying to determine if using photo stream is basically like a way to permanently keep every photo I ever take with my iPhone by automatically putting them in iPhoto for me. I just want to make sure that with the 1000 limit on photo stream that doesn't mean that iPhoto and iPhone are in sync and that the pics start being deleted from the iPhoto.
Like can I take 500 pics on my iPhone, have them all sync to iPhoto in the photo stream, and then delete them all from my iPhone and have them stay in iPHoto forever?
|QUOTE Thanks
Member Since: Oct 01, 2007
Location: UK
Posts: 6,759
Mac Specs: 27" iMac i7 (2011) 10.10, iPhone6, iPad Air 2, AppleTV2
The pictures will remain in the iPhoto event unless manually delete them.
More info here:
iCloud: Photo Stream FAQ
External hard disk acquisition addict - but admitting the problem is the first step to a robust backup
Please use the reputation system if you think you've been helped - top right of this post
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text: Nickel Row Homeabout ushow to ordershippingsize chartterms Search Shopping Cart Items added:0Cart value:SGD S$0.00[Go to shopping cart] Categories Apparel Bags Instock Shoes Latest products Sale Join our mailing list Preorders are placed on a daily basis. We shipped worldwide! Direct all queries to firstname.lastname@example.com. Copyright © 2010-2011 Nickel Row.Powered by: YourOwnCart.com


text:
Chocolate, Coffee, Caramel and Cream Rabbit Fur Scarf
Product Code : FBC904
New this season is this luxuriously soft rabbit fur pom-pom scarf in rich tones of dark chocolate, coffee, caramel and cream. The colours run in vertical stripes and the individual pom-poms are strung together on a fine caramel coloured rope. It can be worn loosely tied or wrapped around the neck and is reversible with either the chocolate band or cream band next to the neck. It is finished at each end with four 9cm 93.5in) long fur tassels. The scarf measures 135cm (53in) x 14cm (5.5in)
Team it with Tobacco Rabbit Fur Lined Italian Leather Gloves for ultimate winter warmth
In The Black
(295) Reward Points
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text:
Hough Street School Fund Raiser Chess Tournament
Posted: February 16, 2012
The Hough Chess Club is hosting its 4th Annual Chess Tournament/Charitable Fundraiser on Saturday, Feb. 25. At our first tournament, we raised money to finance reconstructive surgery for 5-year-old Meher in India, who was badly burned when her mosquito netting caught fire. The next year, our tournament raised money to send her to school. Meher did SO well! She was first in her class! The Hough Street Chess Club has made a commitment to continue sponsoring Meher so that she will be able to continue to attend school and have a chance for a future. All of the money collected from our tournament will be donated to this worthy cause.
Here's how you can help:
• Stop by Hough anytime from 10 a.m. - 3 p.m. on Saturday for a snack or lunch by Gourmet Cook Zein Bertacchi. All concession proceeds will go toward Meher's tuition.
• Play in the chess tournament. You don't need to be in a chess club. As a matter of fact, you don't even need to be a student! Since this is essentially a fundraiser, we urge ALL interested adults and children to participate. Come find out what it's like to be in a tournament!
Every dime raised will go toward helping Meher.
Thanks so much for your help!


text: Prev | Next Kerry Washington, from left, Alec Baldwin and Jane Krakowski appear at the 65th Primetime Emmy Awards at Nokia Theatre on Sunday Sept. 22, 2013, in Los Angeles. (Photo by Chris Pizzello/Invision/AP) Gallery: 2013 Emmy Awards Sep. 23, 2013 @ 08:46 AM The Herald-Dispatch / 2015 Neil Patrick Harris hosts the 65th Annual Primetime Emmy Awards on Sunday, Sept. 22, live on CBS from the Nokia Theatre at LA Live. (u'nobuy',)


text:
GALVESTON PEOPLE'S ADVOCATE. The People's Advocate, a successor to the Galveston Daily Courier, began publication in Galveston, probably on May 12, 1841. The paper was a pro-Sam Houston journal published by John O'Brian and edited by Charles W. Moore; it was discontinued by July 21, 1841, and was succeeded by the Galveston National Intelligencer.
Joe B. Frantz, Newspapers of the Republic of Texas (M.A. thesis, University of Texas, 1940). Marilyn M. Sibley, Lone Stars and State Gazettes: Texas Newspapers before the Civil War (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1983). John Melton Wallace, Gaceta to Gazette: A Checklist of Texas Newspapers, 1813–1846 (Austin: University of Texas Department of Journalism, 1966). WPA Historical Records Survey Program, Texas Newspapers (Houston: San Jacinto Museum of History Association, 1941).
The following, adapted from the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, is the preferred citation for this article."GALVESTON PEOPLE'S ADVOCATE," Handbook of Texas Online (http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/eegbs), accessed August 04, 2015. Uploaded on June 15, 2010. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.


text:
Knitted Gifts: Irresistible Projects to Make and GivePaperback
List price $24.99
You save $9.10 36% off
Free delivery worldwide
Dispatched in 2 business days
When will my order arrive?
- Publisher: Interweave Press Inc
- Format: Paperback | 144 pages
- Dimensions: 213mm x 226mm x 10mm | 499g
- Publication date: 1 August 2009
- Publication City/Country: Loveland, CO
- Illustrations note: Illustrated, colour
- Sales rank: 159,913
Product description
Knitted Gifts offers more than 30 projects for every gift-giving occasion. Designs include garments and accessories for the entire family as well as gifts for four-legged friends and the home. Knitted Gifts unusual and inspired projects range from beautiful hats, bags, scarves, socks, mittens, and gloves to unique gifts such as a felted oven mitt, napkin rings, baby blocks, a hobby hourse, a catnip mouse, a car-seat-friendly baby bunting, floral ballet shoes, and much, much more. From classic to contemporary projects that are innovative in style, these projects are designed by a variety of top knitwear designers, including Nancy Bush, Mags Kandis, Pam Allen, Veronik Avery, Chrissy Gardiner, Marta McCall, Kathy Merrick, Kristin Nicholas, Ann Budd, and more. Knitted Gifts focuses on smaller projects that can be created in a relatively short period of time - perfect for those last-minute gifts. But, there are also a few heirloom-quality masterpieces for those knitters that want to give something extra special to loved ones. Projects range from easy-to-knit to more involved - an ideal book for all levels.
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Ann Budd is a book editor and former senior editor of Interweave Knits magazine. She is the author of The Handy Book series, Getting Started Knitting Socks, Simple Style, and co-author of Wrap Style, Bag Style, and Color Style (all Interweave). She lives in Boulder, Colorado.
Review quote
Most knitters use their hobby to create gifts for others, and if you're looking for some new ideas to try, this is a great collection for you. Knitted Gifts offers over 30 contemporary project ideas for different occasions, such as birthdays, anniversaries, new babies and Christmas. Gifts include bags, socks, oven mitts, napkin rings, baby blocks, a catnip mouse, ballet shoes and more. When writing this book, Ann Budd asked knitters to come up with unusual and inspired projects that they would like to give, and this is a collection of the best ideas. But that doesn't mean that you have to hand all of your knitting over once it's finished... perhaps you deserve a nice knitted gift yourself.-Knit Today Ann Budd asked a range of top designers what knitted gifts they'd most like to give - or receive - and compiled the results in this compelling project book. There are nearly 40 ideas for any-occasion gifts, from speedy bookmarks and coffee-cup cosies to more involved projects such as an heirloom baby blanket. There are great gift suggestions for babies, children, men and women, from accessories and toys to small garments. Clever twists on time-honoured designs (such as gloves with thumb flaps for dedicated text-messagers) make these patterns special.-The Knitter
Table of contents
Introduction The Gift of Giving Herringbone Scarf-Gregory Courtney Folded Tweed Bag-Kathy Merrick Hourglass Rib Socks-Chrissy Gardiner Fair Isle Pillow-Kristin Nicholas Curry & Spice Hat & Scarf-Kathy Zimmerman Quick Coasters-Ann Budd Hobby Horse-Ann Budd Learn-to Dishrag-Therese Inverso Transitions Hat & Scarf-Ruthie Nussbaum Felted Oven Mitts-Therese Inverso Wool Lint Juggling Balls-Therese Inverso Gentleman's Scarf-Veronik Avery Fresco Leg Warmers-Pam Allen Texter Gloves-Kim Hamlin Candle Cozy-Ann Budd Motor Baby Bunting-Kathy Ticho Knitter's Duo-Mags Kandis Neck Warmer Hat-Elissa Sugishita Coffee Clutch-Ann Budd Felted Catnip Mouse-Therese Inverso Evening Lace-Cecily Glowik MacDonald Bobble Bookmarks-Ann Budd Winter Sky Hat & Mittens-Judith L. Swartz Sugar & Spice Blanket-Jolene Treace Ulla's Scarf-Nancy Bush Shaadi Mitts-Jaya Srikrishnan Ruffled Bottle Sleeve-Ann Budd His & Her Socks-Ann Budd Ballet Flats-Marta McCall Animal Crackers-Jolene Treace Fuzzy Slipper Socks-Ann Budd Alphabet Blocks-Kim Hamlin Headband-Ann Budd Fair Isle Napkin Rings-Therese Inverso Felted Mohair Scarves-Mags Kandis Felted Hot Pads-Therese Inverso Cable & Twist Pillow-Vicki Square Abbreviations Glossary Sources for Yarns Contributors Index


text: Crimson Tryst is described as a "deep metallic dirty berry." It's a deepened red with berry hues and a pearly sheen. The pigmentation was excellent, and the texture was soft and smooth. MAC Cranberry is darker, less red. Le Metier de Beaute Fire Lily is redder and warmer. NARS Douce France #3 is similar in color but is matte. Inglot #450 is very similar–even a bit more metallic.


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Sherwood Ross: For months the evidence has been growing that a US-Israeli stealth war against Iran has already begun, backed by Britain and France.
The Profits They Make from Attacking Freedom
by Tom Hall — In earlier essays, I talked about how a group of for-profit businessmen was promoting Proposition 8 (Proposition Hate), the anti-gay marriage measure to write bigotry into the California Constitution. I pointed out some of their hypocricies and dishonesties. But I didn't talk much about their finances.


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Be my guest here on this site to explore and be part of a dialogue of inspiration… Share with me the things, people, art, design, music, places, food, little moments that inspire you and I promise to do the same!
I am currently working on the most important project of my life:
The documentary GREAT WALLS is currently at the filming stage. Learn all about it, click here: GREAT WALLS PROJECT
You may donate directly to big rock, inc., the company formed to fund the film & other creative projects. (NOTE – If you do not wish to pay with PayPal, go to the lower left where it asks 'Don't Have A PayPal Account?" and click "continue" there to contribute by credit card)⇒⇒:
Remember: You do not need to donate through PayPal but can do so with any credit card.
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CADRE is the resource network for NSF's DR K-12 program.
The NSF DR K-12 program consists of projects covering a diverse range of topics and products. To view a snapshot of all 4 cohorts of the DR K-12 portfolio, visit: http://cadrek12.org/dr-k-12-portfolio-snapshot
Read more about NSF and the DR K-12 program below.
The National Science Foundation (NSF) is an independent federal agency created by Congress in 1950 "to promote the progress of science; to advance the national health, prosperity, and welfare; to secure the national defense...." With an annual budget of about $6.06 billion, the NSF is the funding source for approximately 20 percent of all federally supported basic research conducted by America's colleges and universities. In many fields, such as mathematics, computer science, and the social sciences, the NSF is the major source of federal backing.
The NSF's goals—discovery, learning, research infrastructure, and stewardship--provide an integrated strategy to advance the frontiers of knowledge; cultivate a world-class, broadly inclusive science and engineering workforce; expand the scientific literacy of all citizens; build the nation's research capability through investments in advanced instrumentation and facilities; and support excellence in science and engineering research and education through a capable and responsive organization.
DRL (Research on Learning in Formal and Informal Settings)
Realignment in the NSF's Directorate for Education and Human Resources (EHR) has merged the Division of Research, Evaluation, and Communication (REC) and the Division of Elementary, Secondary, and Informal Education (ESIE) into a new division, the Division of Research on Learning in Formal and Informal Settings (DRL).This revision reflects efforts to increase coordination and coherence across the DRL programs.
DRL invests in projects to improve the effectiveness of STEM learning for people of all ages. Its mission includes promoting innovative research, development, and evaluation of learning and teaching across all STEM disciplines by advancing cutting-edge knowledge and practices in both formal and informal learning settings. DRL also promotes the broadening and deepening of capacity and impact in the educational sciences by encouraging the participation of scientists, engineers, and educators from the range of disciplines represented at the NSF. Therefore, DRL's role in the larger context of Federal support for education research and evaluation is to be a catalyst for change—advancing theory, method, measurement, development, and application in STEM education.
The Division's programs include:
- Discovery Research K-12 (DR K-12)
- Research and Evaluation on Education in Science and Engineering (REESE)
- Informal Science Education (ISE)
- Information Technology Experiences for Students and Teachers (ITEST)
The Discovery Research K-12 program is administered within the Division of Research on Learning in Formal and Informal Settings of the NSF. The program seeks to enable significant advances in preK-12 student and teacher learning of the STEM disciplines through development, study, and implementation of resources, models, and technologies for use by students, teachers, and policy makers. Projects funded under this solicitation begin with a research question or a hypothesis about how to improve preK-12 STEM learning and teaching. Projects create or adapt and study innovative resources, models, or technologies and determine how and why implementation affects STEM learning.
The DR K-12 program invites proposals that meet a variety of educational needs, from those that address immediate and pressing challenges facing preK-12 STEM education to those that anticipate opportunities for the future. DR K-12 especially encourages proposals that challenge existing assumptions about learning and teaching within or across STEM fields, envision needs of learners in 10-15 years, and consider new and innovative ways to educate students and teachers. Project goals, designs, and working strategies should be informed by prior research and practical experience drawn from all relevant disciplines, while focusing on concepts and skills that are central to STEM education.
The DR K-12 program is primarily concerned with improving education of students and teachers in formal settings. As appropriate, the program encourages projects also to draw from knowledge and practice of learning in informal settings. While many projects supported under this solicitation will focus on exploratory development and testing of innovative ideas for some specific facet of STEM education, all proposals must explain how the work can lead ultimately to successful adoption of findings or products in the K-12 enterprise on a national scale.
The DR K-12 program accepts proposals for exploratory projects, full research and development projects, and synthesis projects, as well as for conferences and workshops related to the mission of the program.
View the current DR K-12 solicitation.
DR K-12 Program Officers
|Inquiries can be made to
|David Campbell
|(703) 292-5093
|Julia Clark
|(703) 292-5119
|Edith Gummer, Cluster Coordinator
|(703) 292-5110
|David L. Haury
|(703) 292-5102
|Andres Henriquez
|(703) 292-5092
|Karen King
|(703) 292-5124
|Janet Kolodner
|(703) 292-8930
|Julio Lopez-Ferrao
|(703) 292-5183
|Maria Oliver-Hoyo
|(703) 292-4313
|Joseph Reed
|(703) 292-5187
|Ferdinand Rivera
|(703) 292-4960
|Robert Russell
|(703) 292-2995
|Gerhard Salinger
|(703) 292-5116
|Elizabeth VanderPutten
|(703) 292-5147


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Use promo code BEAUTY25 for savings. Offer details
Clinique Happy Heart® Body Wash
This refreshing, foaming bath and shower gel that bathes you in the Clinique Happy Heart™ scent. 6.7-oz.Limit 1 order per day.
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A refreshing bath and shower gel foams luxuriously, bathes you in the Clinique Happy Heart scent. A wealth of flowers, a hint of warmth. Use it and have a happy heart.
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For shower, apply Happy Heart™ Body Wash to moistened skin and complete you shower as usual. For a foaming tub-bath, squeeze gel under running water. For adult use only.
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- Clinique Happy Heart™ Body Cream
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Through the Shad in the Classroom Project, both teachers and students embark on a wonderful adventure in conservation science! Participating classrooms construct a tank, monitor water quality, and raise and release tiny fry (juvenile fish) in partnership with real fisheries biologists from the NC Wildlife Resources Commission and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
Whether you release one American shad fry or 1,000 your students will have hands-on activities that will help them learn about food webs, river basins, mapping activities, water quality, and river flow rates. There are several extension activities where students can expand their learning and earn a certificate, or find their ecological footprint.
The American shad is a migratory fish that used to be prevalent in all river systems in North Carolina. The fish spawns in freshwaters and lives most of its life in the ocean. As you will learn, it is a very important part of the food web in North Carolina. And, American shad played a significant role in the survival of the indigenous people, and the first settlers to the New World.
Applications for the Shad in the Classroom are available in the fall. Please contact Melissa Dowland (firstname.lastname@example.com [2] or 919.707.9898) if you are interested in applying to be a part of this program.
The Museum was recognized with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Southeast Regional Director's Conservation Award for its role in the program. Award Press Release [3]
Raising American Shad in your classroom
- What Is It [4] - A description of the program including provided materials and required commitment
- Checklist [5] - A checklist to step you through the entire Shad in the Classroom project (Word document)
- Step by Step Setup Instructions [6] - information on how to set up your tank and prepare for the arrival of your shad (Word document)
- Shad Tank Assembly Manual [7] - pictorial guide showing how to construct your shad tank (PDF)
- Daily Responsibilities [8] - what to do each day to maintain water quality for your shad eggs and fry (Word document)
- Water Quality Targets and Daily Log [9] - chart for recording water quality data (Word document)
- Tank Troubleshooting Guide [10] - what to do if you have problems with your tank (Word document)
- How to Add Shad Eggs to Your Tank [11] - information on acclimating shad eggs to the tank and on sorting live from dead eggs (Word document)
- Sorting the Eggs [12] - instructions on removing dead/decaying eggs from your tank (Word document)
- Releasing the Fry [13] - information on proper procedure for transporting your fry to the river and releasing them (Word document)
- Tank Parts List [14] - inventory of all the pieces and parts you'll need to raise shad (Word document)
- Storing the Tank [15] - instructions on the proper storage of your shad tank (Word document)
- Shad Tank Label [16] - printable sheet to use in labeling your shad tank (Word document)
Right-click (control-click on Mac) to download movie files. Please note: some files are large and downloading may take a few minutes. Shad in the Classroom videos are also available on iTunesU [17].
Shad in the Classroom Overview
This video provides an overview of the program.
- HD Version [18]
- Small Screen [19]
Build the Tank
This video provides information on how to construct a shad hatchery tank.
- HD Version [20]
- Small Screen [21]
Add the Eggs
This video describes the process of adding shad eggs to your tank.
- HD Version [22]
- Small Screen [23]
It is Time!
This video demonstrates proper techniques for releasing the fry.
- HD Version [24]
- Small Screen [25]
American Shad Life Cycle
This video provides an overview of the life cycle of American Shad.
- HD Version [26]
- Small Screen [27]
American Shad History
This video discusses the natural and cultural history of American Shad in North Carolina.
- HD Version [28]
- Small Screen [29]
Dam Removal
This video addresses the effect dams have on American Shad migration.
- HD Version [30]
- Small Screen [31]
American Shad Restoration
This video provides information on the restoration of American Shad through stocking efforts.
- HD Version [32]
- Small Screen [33]
Josh Raabe - Migratory Fish Research
This video describes NC State University graduate student Josh Raabe's research project on migratory fish including American Shad.
- HD Version [32]
- Small Screen [33]
Shad in the Classroom Activities
These activities were developed by numerous partners to enhance the North Carolina Standard Course of Study in several areas of curriculum and to help connect children with nature.
- Food Web Activity [34] - Science 1.10, 3.02, 3.03, 3.04, 3.08, Language Arts 2.01, 3.02, 4.01
- GIS Watershed Activity - Neuse Watershed [35] or Albemarle Watershed [36]
- Wishes of Fishes Activity [37] - Science 1.10, 3.08, Language Arts 2.01, 3.02, 4.01
- Nonfiction Reading Activity [38]
- Hands-On Activities for Shad Students [39] (external link)
- Resources Section [40]
Thank you to our generous supporters and partners:
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service [41]
Albemarle-Pamlico National Estuary Program [42]
National Fish & Wildlife Foundation [43]
N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission [44]
Dominion Virginia Power


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My name is Susan Richardson As our family has grown and branched further, I hope that this website will help us keep in touch with our roots and each other. If you're related by blood or marriage, you're welcome! Feel free to add pictures and add or correct information as needed. The website is for all of us.
Adding my father's side of the family has complicated things a little, but any of you are welcome to add more information to your line, too.
If you have any comments or feedback about this site, please click here to contact me.Our family tree is posted online on this site! There are 6369 names in our family site.The site was last updated on Aug 3 2015, and it currently has 81 registered member(s). If you wish to become a member too, please click here. Enjoy!


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As you'll know if you watched our vlog about Deborah Henson-Conant's rock tour with Steve Vai, or if you have been following Deborah's Rock Harp Diaries, not only did Deborah find herself in an entirely new musical landscape, but nobody gave her any music with which to navigate it. She made the harp arrangements for the tour herself, in collaboration with Steve Vai and her band colleagues.
Deborah is now back home and running a four-week online course (actually, it's five weeks, there is a FREE BONUS WEEK) in arranging for harp.
You can read all about the course here. In a nutshell:
- the course is for all skill levels
- it is specifically aimed at "fun, inventive solo harp arrangements", very useful for all sorts of performance situations
- it also aims to provide a particularly clear overview of the fundamental concepts behind arrangement. You can't learn every arrangement technique in a month (although the course will obviously teach you as many it can in the time). But if you can grasp how to go about the essential business of arranging, then you'll have – to quote Deborah – "a structure to support all the other techniques and skills you develop, as you continue to grow as a musician for the rest of your life!"
Deborah is kindly offering Harpblog readers $50 OFF THE COST OF THE COURSE IF YOU REGISTER BEFORE THE END OF JANUARY 9TH, 2013!
When you register, type in the secret code to get your discount. The secret code is...Camac. Clever, eh? But not as clever as you will be, once you have completed the course.


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Lee no longer pursuing Washington Nats despite hiccup with Kissimmee stadium plan
Lee County officials are no longer stepping up to the plate to land Washington Nationals spring training baseball.
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/ USDA Announces Results of Pork Request for Referendum
News Release
Printable version
USDA Announces Results of Pork Request for Referendum
AMS No. 021-09
Billy Cox (202) 720-8998
Hakim Fobia (202) 690-0488
WASHINGTON, Feb. 18, 2009 -- The U.S. Department of Agriculture today announced the results of a pork request for referendum that shows too few pork producers and importers want a continuance referendum on the Pork Promotion, Research, and Consumer Information Order. The request for referendum was held from December 8, 2008, through January 2, 2009, at USDA's county Farm Service Agency offices.
The request for referendum was conducted as a result of a settlement of a lawsuit entered into February 28, 2001, with USDA and the Michigan Pork Producers Association, Inc., et al. Under the settlement agreement, USDA agreed to conduct a request for referendum among eligible pork producers and importers to determine whether producers and importers favored holding a referendum on the Pork Checkoff Program. If the results of the request for referendum showed that there was sufficient interest among pork producers and importers to have a vote on whether to continue the order, a referendum would have to be held within a year.
If at least 15 percent of the 69,446 eligible pork producers and importers nationwide participated in the request for referendum, a referendum would have been conducted. Of the 96 participants, 94 valid requests for a referendum were cast -- far short of the 10,417 required to trigger a referendum. State-by-state results are printed at the end of this release.
For more information, please contact Kenneth R. Payne, Chief; Marketing Programs Branch, Room 2628-S; Livestock and Seed Program, AMS, USDA; Stop 0251; 1400 Independence Avenue, SW; Washington, D.C. 20250-0251; by calling (202) 720-1115; or faxing (202) 720-1125; or e-mail at email@example.com.
State-by-State Pork Request for Referendum Results
Alabama 0
Alaska 0
Arizona 0
Arkansas 0
California 0
Colorado 1
Connecticut 0
Delaware 1
Florida 0
Georgia 0
Hawaii 0
Idaho 0
Illinois 1
Indiana 4
Iowa 39
Kansas 8
Kentucky 0
Louisiana 0
Maine 0
Maryland 0
Massachusetts 0
Michigan 1
Minnesota 11
Mississippi 0
Missouri 4
Montana 0
Nebraska 5
Nevada 0
New Hampshire 0
New Jersey 0
New Mexico 0
New York 0
North Carolina 1
North Dakota 2
Ohio 4
Oklahoma 0
Oregon 0
Pennsylvania 4
Rhode Island 0
South Carolina 0
South Dakota 2
Tennessee 0
Texas 0
Utah 0
Vermont 0
Virginia 0
Washington 0
West Virginia 0
Wisconsin 6
Wyoming 0
Importers 0
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WelcomeWelcome to the official website of Mario Maxwell International Ministries. It is my prayer that when you leave this site, you would have received Kingdom empowerment and an impartation that will launch you forth into the next place that God has destined for your life.
"During one of the night crusades of our trip to Kenya, the Lord spoke to me about what was getting ready to happen concerning Kenya's government. As I stood on the platform, I began to see and I began to prophesy to the people. The Lord said to me "Something is getting ready to happen in this nation, something that will shake this nation at its core. The tribes will be at war and political upheaval will hit this land!"
Dr. Maxwell's Ministry Dates are being updated. Please check back with us soon for 2014 ministry events!


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Welcome to Hagios Ministries, Inc. website! Here you can learn all the latest news, view photos and sermons, and keep in touch. We are excited to share our church services and activities with you and hope you find everything you need. If you have any questions, please contact us at (352) 256-3464 or via e-mail at
. Our mailing address is Hagios Ministries Inc., P.O. Box 141714, Gainesville, Florida 32614.
My first book, "There is Therefore Now No Condemnation," is available for purchase on the Events/Books/Sermons page for $10.95 plus shipping, handling and taxes.
We hope that you explore our site and please contact us if you have any questions. Please feel free to worship with us on Sundays at 11:00 a.m. at the Country Inn and Suites off of Archer Road in Gainesville, Florida and also at the Holiday Inn Conference Center in Valdosta, Georgia at 4:00 p.m. on the 2nd and 4th Sundays during the month of October of 2014.
May God bless you and keep you!
Pastor Denise McGinnis-Brown
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FIS Project
The current aging Fire Information System (FIS) applications were custom-built over a period of time by Portland Fire and Rescue (PF&R) to meet their information management needs. However, Microsoft support for the FIS development environment has expired. Without this support new and advanced features will be more difficult, if not impossible, to implement, and interfaces with upgraded software will be more difficult to maintain.
The purpose of this project is to port the FIS to a modern and supported development platform. Additionally, this project intends to implement enhancements that are inherent in the new .NET architecture and establish the future ability to develop mobile capabilities.
For general questions related to this project you may contact the Project Manager, Mark Tanner (email@example.com).


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Below is the poem entitled A Butterfly's Ballad in the Faraway Land which was written by poet
Chircop . Please feel free to comment on this poem. However, please remember, PoetrySoup is a place of encouragement and growth.
Read Poems by
Charmaine Chircop
I get a glimpse of you
A soft hue of light lavender rising in my dawn
gliding fervently in sun-kissed breeze
An ephemeral beauty enchanting the depths of these caramel eyes
flaunting your gossamer wings in whimsical ballad
sprinkling ethereal dew upon the embers of my heart
And I feel it,a florescent flutter tickling my bare shoulder
a slight inhale of fragrance's breath lingering within my thought
chasing the back of my neck,teasing in wistful wonder
My blushed smile preserves the moment
Of your tender brush across the silk peach of my cheek
Of your fervent kiss fading in evanescent bliss
and unspoiled warmth of ardent touch upon my hair
My heart capture the seconds
till those iridescent wings fly high in sheer splendor
to crimson blossoms which bloom,which sway
which bleed and bend,which wrap their thorns
around my feet,around my hand
So,I would not follow dreams'coloured pastels
So I would not run to you,and I would not find you
by Spring's muddy gardens,in the faraway land.
Contest : ' In the Faraway!!!' sponsored by G.Veneto
Inspired by love and nature
Written by- Charmaine Chircop


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Boy, I feel a lot safer now that she's behind bars. O. J. Simpson and Kobe Bryant are still walking around; Osama Bin Laden too, but they take the ONE woman in America willing to cook, clean, and work in the yard, and they haul her fanny off to jail.


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We have added bitcoin as a new payment option. Bitcoin is a new kind of digital currency that is not tied to any country. Bitcoin is open source, with its design in the public domain. No one entity owns or controls bitcoin.


text: Russia Consumer Travel ReportConsumer TrendsJuly 2015While the Russian economy has been in the doldrums since 2013, relatively low unemployment and the aspirations of a growing middle class are fueling travel. With a strong desire to see more of their own country and the world beyond, the confident new Russian traveler is ready to head out into the wild blue yonder. This report provides insight into Russian consumers' leisure travel behavior, including trip frequency, duration, travel expenditure and international travel, and explores the trip-planning process from destination selection to shopping, booking and much more.


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A Coronation
Surreal, just surreal.
A Cascade
An unbelievable rain came, and eventually overwhelmed the roof and came down the wall like a waterfall.
A Calamity
Imagine a black square here. The power went out, and we all just rolled with it. It was kind of fun, actually.
A Cleanup
In the spirit of community, numbers of Debian people collaborated for a quick cleanup.