text:
Register now for free, or sign in with any of these services:
Want to set your local edition?
Select an edition for more focused local news coverage when you visit mlive.
Don't worry. You can change this setting at any time to another local edition.
But, you weren't nice about it, per your comment "use common sense and decency". Which would imply the post you were replying to didn't have any. Which could also be taken as offensive.
In this time period we live in anything you do or don't do is offensive to someone.
And here is something else to chew on for southbeagle, what if I received all of my tattoos before I got saved? Then what, I can't be saved now because of that scripture?
Dead horse.....I'm out
Thank you southbeagle for that stirring bible passage. I have two rebuttals.
One: we live in the new testament not the old (whih man could never adhere to all of the laws of the old).
Two: read the scripture right before, which is Leviticus 19:27. I'll even help you, per the Message Bible "Don't cut the hair on the sides of your head or trim your beard".
Great, except for ZZ Top I guess we're all going to hell. BTW the scripture you found on tattoos is the only place in the bible that specifically talks about it.
Thank you, drive thru, next pick up window please.
At first I read the headline and thought "Oh my God, he got shot in the face?" Who? What? Where.........Biddle St.....nevermind. I don't need to read the rest of the article.
Yeah it would be nice to see that trophy in Ann Arbor again, but I would rather have the BCS Sugar Bowl Trophy instead of the Bloomin Onion Trophy.
No trophy case for "top recruiter", you are correct spikes11. However there is a trophy case of Brady Hoke's that already has a BCS Sugar Bowl Trophy in it. How many BCS games has MSU been to?........what's that?...........oh yeah, none....(cue maniacal laugh) HAAAHAAAAAHHAhahhaaaaahaaaa
Alright Mlive, I realize you're still in your infancy when it comes to a website, but Javascript and Ajax has been around for a while. Make your programmers use it! Quit refreshing the entire page when all you need to do it change the images.
Do I need to say it?............Really?........................
Why is always an older woman?.......................
Let me guess, she was confused on which pedal.
I'm a biker and an activist, and I would never justify someone drinking and driving. But, you can go ahead and spout your biased rhetoric towards bikers as much as you want.
Coming from someone who grew up in Flint, worked in Detroit, and now lives in Jackson. I'm with Marlene! ^ At a minimum, the dog that's used has to be a "Vienna"
Does it matter that older people need to be chauffered around when their eyesight and judgement starts to fade? Or is it okay to leave them on the road until they seriously hurt or kill someone. My grandpa was 87 when they finally took his license away after he injured 3 other people in a very bad accident.
There is a problem here that no one wants to address, but no one wants to force "the elderly" to take a driving test every 4-5 years to ensure they can still handle it.
In other news, another study found out that water is wet! Can you believe that!? smh
Nice idea. Just dowloaded it to check it out. App doesn't work, keeps crashing, and client side server not working..............too late to get their money back?
Please follow my Jeep, Mr Lexus.......what's that?.........you're suck?.............but you ranked higher on Consumer Reports! How can that be?....
"The Wrangler may be as good as it's ever been but it is seriously outdated," according to Consumer Reports. "It exhibits inferiority in just about every aspect. The Jeep's ride rocks and jiggles constantly, handling is very clumsy."
..........uhhhhhh you don't buy a Wrangler for the smooth ride. And it's not outdated. It's classic and one of the few pieces of Americana that hasn't changed. And please don't randomnly stick in an "inferiority" without equating it to something. Inferior to what?
You must not have come during any of the race weeks, because you can't even get around the town during that time!
"low-IQ escapism", that sealed the deal for me. I'm going! Isn't that what many of us want in a movie? I watch movies to escape from the reality of my current world, and I don't want to have to sit there any ponder the duality of man or the fraility of the human condition.
hmmm......that's funny, I've lived in Michigan most of my life except for time in the Marines and I've always called them roundabouts......I must not be a ture American, like yourself.
JCC didn't admit the one above me ^ because they didn't pass the GED yet.


text:
Below is the poem entitled Present Itself is Pleasant which was written by poet
venkataraman. Please feel free to comment on this poem. However, please remember, PoetrySoup is a place of encouragement and growth.
Read Poems by
Mv Venkataraman
What you feel as difficult times
Might indeed be a great period
Future about which you hoped
Might bring not hopeful result
You may try very desperately
To escape from the present
Thinking a rosy life ahead
But, it may turn an illusion
Degrade not present status
Derive out of it true Heaven
Tactically change your plans
And create fun out of life
Your happiness and peace
Are there in your hands
Just use your brain wisely
The truth will be revealed
Discard foolish sentiments
Hopefully pursue your goal
Believe in God and pray
Demands will be fulfilled.
SEARCH mvvenkataraman IN GOOGLE OR YAHOO
TYPE mvvenkataraman IN URL
A comment has not been posted for this poem. Encourage a poet by being the first to comment.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Video: Rasheed Wallace gets ejected for yelling "ball don't lie"
Dec 2, 2012, 3:12 PM EDT
The NBA is just more interesting when Rasheed Wallace is in it.
Wallace picked up his first ejection of his return to the NBA today and did it in classic Sheed fashion.
Wallace picked up the first technical foul for some after-the-whistle contact on Luis Scola on a foul call. It was a classic Sheed technical, not the "kinder, gentler" Sheed. And of course Wallace thought it was a bad call because he doesn't think he has ever committed a foul in his 15 NBA seasons.
When the Suns Goran Dragic missed the technical foul, Sheed yelled his classic line "ball don't lie" — the shot was missed as instant karma for a bad call.
And the ref gave him a quick second technical for that.
I thought it was a pretty quick ejection and this didn't merit the second tech, but the bottom line is Sheed didn't let it go. It's classic Wallace, not knowing or caring where the line is.
- Mr. Wright 212 - Dec 2, 2012 at 3:28 PM
Thankfully, it didn't cost us.
- phillyphannn83 - Dec 2, 2012 at 3:39 PM
guy just likes to trash talk, refs need some backbone. I condemn him for all the hard fouls but seriously the trash talk is no big deal, its part of the game and the refs need to let this stuff slide.
- londonps - Dec 2, 2012 at 4:22 PM
You get tossed for that wtf
- letangusespertplus - Dec 2, 2012 at 4:34 PM
good maybe he shouldnt whine like a bitch the whole time after the foul.
- rayray5227 - Dec 2, 2012 at 4:34 PM
Love Sheed. Wish the Lakers had actually signed him last year.
- raidmagic - Dec 2, 2012 at 4:38 PM
How does yelling "Ball don't lie"….just like he does EVERY game get him tossed? What a bunch of crap.
- michaeljordanseviltwin - Dec 2, 2012 at 6:47 PM
Because he screamed it about 14 times in a row. Dude never stops crying after a foul he doesn't like. He deserved it.
- eventhorizon04 - Dec 2, 2012 at 5:01 PM
I'm not a fan of players who argue for or against calls, but "Ball don't lie" is pretty harmless, and he's been allowed to do it for years.
And it's not like he approached a ref and said it, he just stood by himself and yelled into the air.
- albertmn - Dec 2, 2012 at 5:34 PM
I agree it likely wasn't worth a technical. But, to claim he was just yelling in the air is not true. As every time, he was yelling it to the player shooting the free throw. While tame, it is technically a taunt of an opposing player.
- miamatt - Dec 2, 2012 at 5:05 PM
Not a Knicks fan, but can't see how that merited a 2nd techinical. If he went in a ref's face and yelled it, OK. But c'mon, it wasn't profane, and he just yelled it out.
And I for one believe in the "ball don't lie" mantra.
- nokoolaidcowboy - Dec 2, 2012 at 5:54 PM
He yelled it directly at the ref as a sign of disrespect. I love the Knicks but you just can't do that. Also, a veteran should not have younger team mates pushing him away to keep him from getting into further trouble. He was cursing up a storm and then yelled the "BALL DON'T LIE!". Just can't do that is all…
- marcusfitzhugh - Dec 2, 2012 at 6:01 PM
Sheed fouls Scola after the initial contact so Scola doesn't get the continuation. It was legitimate because Scola kept going to the hoop after the initial foul. That happens all the time in the NBA. Even Suns announcers said the Tech was a bad call. The first Tech should have been a simple foul. If they're going to T guys up for simply ensuring the guy doesn't get a continuation, then do it in EVERY game for EVERY player. If they do that, every time someone wraps a guy up so he can't get the continuation, it's got to be an instant T. Does anyone want to see that? No.
The ref was wrong. And if the first Tech was wrong, then the second one was wrong. The second one never would have happened if the first wasn't called. Technicals cost $2,000 each. That ref should have to pay for BOTH T's.
- cosanostra71 - Dec 2, 2012 at 6:24 PM
He's right. Ball don't lie.
- sabatimus - Dec 2, 2012 at 7:08 PM
But refs do.
- fventricle - Dec 2, 2012 at 8:18 PM
well said
- glink123 - Dec 2, 2012 at 6:54 PM
The refs are a big reason why I quit watching the NBA this year. honestly. I even paid for the NBA League Pass, but haven't watched a single game. I saw the ESPN highlight of Joey Crawford's blocking call the other night and it just reminded my why I've come to despise David Stearn's traveling circus.
- fruitcovejag - Dec 2, 2012 at 9:02 PM
He is fun to watch….in a train wreck kind of way!
- scalfor3 - Dec 2, 2012 at 11:21 PM
i think the ref just saw sheed was acting crazy that early and thought "f*ck it, i'm not putting up with THIS"
- davidly - Dec 3, 2012 at 4:54 AM
Sheed don't never get enough blame for the Malice in the Palace. Sit 'is a$$ every game for all I care. Karma, indeed.
- LPad - Dec 3, 2012 at 9:29 AM
are you trying to say it was Sheed's fault Ben Wallace commited a flagrant foul, that Metta took a nap on the scorer's table, that the guy in the crowd hit Metta in the face in with a cup of ice, that Metta went into the crowd and punched the wrong guy, that Stephen Jackson went into the crowd and started throwing haymakers, or that random people in the crowd walked on the court trying to fight the Pacers?
Top Posts
- Report: Dante Exum diagnosed with torn ACL 7
- Kobe Bryant, can this Laker team make the playoffs? "Of course it can. Absolutely." 23
- Report: Knicks reach deal with backup center Kevin Seraphin 7
- Raptors officially unveil new uniforms, yes there is a Drake-inspired one 24
- Ray Allen: "I won't officially retire" 12
- Report: Adidas makes $200 million offer to James Harden 23
- Jahlil Okafor: "Rookie of the Year is one of the goals I set for myself" 16
- Report: Derrick Rose undecided about attending Team USA minicamp 9
- K. Bryant (1651)
- J. Thompson (1642)
- S. Vujacic (1523)
- L. James (1453)
- M. Scott (1431)


text:
What do contractions feel like?
What do they feel like?
Posted 11/14/2012
For me bh contractions feel like a tightening from the inside out and my belly gets hard. Can make it hard to breathe. Then goes away. The real contractions felt like a belt around my belly and someone tightening it as hard as they could.
1 2 3< Browse more posts
first page | last page
What's on your mind?Create a new post
Your growing child
Your 27-month-old: Read it again
Five Little Monkeys Sitting in a Tree again?! Oh yes. Reading the same book over and over provides a measure of comfort. Read More
Your 28-month-old: Making friends
First friendships are very real to your child. Read More
Your 28-month-old: Gifted kids
How to recognize giftedness in kids Read More
Your 28-month-old: Concentration
Your child can play with small objects easily and stack (not just knock over) towers of blocks. Read More
Your 28-month-old: Understanding grammar
A preschooler learns many new words and their meanings every single day. Read More


text:
2009 ATP Stats
View Single Post
Registered User
Join Date: Jul 2008
Age: 29
Posts: 3,646
Re: 2009 ATP Stats
Week 20 Notes:
The Kitzbuhel final between Garcia-Lopez and Benneteau was the fifth longest match of the year, at 190 minutes.
Can anyone confirm the length of Kohlschreiber-Tsonga from Dusseldorf? The ATP has it at well over 3 hours, which would make it the slowest match of the year by a wide margin. So slow, in fact, that I have disregarded it. I have the same problem with Garcia-Lopez v. Vassallo Arguello in Kitzbuhel, which played a fairly normal # of points, but in just over 3 hours, according to the ATP scoreboard.
In Dusseldorf, Rainer Schuettler's collapse at the hands of Robin Soderling, 6-0, 6-0, was tied for the third shortest match of the season to date.
Dusseldorf also saw the highest first serve percentage of the season, as Andreev served 88.3% against Del Potro.
Chela's 96.7% first serve winning % against Ramirez-Hidalgo in Kitzbuhel put him at second-best.
A couple of strong first return performances this week, as Soderling took 70% of Schuettler's first serves in Dusseldorf, while Melzer took 64.9% of Gil's in Kitzbuhel. In fact, Soderling put up the second best return performance of the season in winning 73.5% of Schuttler's service points.
As you might expect, Soderling's double-bagel of Schuettler was a huge blowout, the second biggest on tour this season.
Schuettler was also involved in a match with an identical # of points scored between the two players, when he split 50-50 with Troicki in the WTC final. This was the first such match of the year that ended in two sets.
Grand Slam Debuts Thread
Playing to seeds in Grand Slams Thread
View Public Profile
Find More Posts by Blarghman
View Blog


text:
Site-Specific Performance Class Brings Artful Surprise to Everyday Interactions on Campus
On one of those trademark Southern California winter days--briskly cool yet gloriously sunny--that attracts jealous ire from the rest of the country, about a dozen students stood in a long line on Marston Quad. From Bridges Auditorium to Carnegie, members of the Site-Specific Performance class stood about 30 feet apart, waving rich blue flags in succession, creating a rippling wave of movement down the Quad.
"Blue River" was the final project in this unique class offered by the Theatre and Dance Department and taught by Guest Artist Jessica Harris '11.
Harris returned to Pomona last year to finish her degree after dancing professionally for nine years in New York. While taking the course Traditions of World Dance last year, she wrote a research paper on flash mobs. Harris also did an independent study on living statues, painting herself and posing still for an hour at a time on the neighboring campus of Claremont Graduate University. At the end of last year, Laurie Cameron, head of the dance department, came up with the idea for a site-specific performance class, and asked Harris to try it out this fall.
Harris and her students spent the first half of the semester studying various types of site-specific performances like flash mobs, corporate viral campaigns and yarn bombing, considering, says Harris, "the commercial, social, political and aesthetic aspects of the work, which also blur traditional categories of performance." During the second half of the semester, each student organized their own performance.
"In my research for the class, I discovered syllabi from other schools that all covered a lot of theoretical information, but lacked in experiential learning." says Harris. "It has been my goal to focus on experiential learning and have the students perform as much as possible, ideally covering all aspects of performance that we examined in the lectures."
YT Wong, the grant coordinator for Pomona's Elemental Arts Initiative, a movement art and mime instructor in the Department of Theatre and Dance, and a New Resources freshman at Pitzer College, created the "Blue River" piece on the Quad. "Many of the pieces we explored, including 'Blue River,' were about surprising and delighting people, getting them to notice where they were, and having something different happen in the middle of a normal day," says Wong.
View some of the performances on the class blog:
Other performances included "Wind-Up Doll" by Seo Roh '12, where Roh walked around campus with a winder on her back and, when she wound down, waited for strangers to help her out; "Free Range Bike Valet" by Roxana Garcia '13, which found members of the class creating a valet service outside Frary to treat parked bicycles more humanely; and "Musical Stairs," a group performance where students, wearing all black, lined both sides of the Frary entrance stairs. Each student focused on a single stair and sang "what" in a soft voice as passersby stepped on the stair. "It was fascinating to hear the visual flow of traffic," says Harris, who hopes to bring the performance to L.A. with volunteers next semester, "and especially to see what would happen when someone lingered on a single stair for a while or sat down."
Some performances were created for large campus events. "Blue Mirror," performed during the Founders Day celebration and Elemental Arts Initiative launch, consisted of students in full blue makeup sitting still for one hour and then slowly mirroring one another's movements. When noted environmentalist, author and advocate Bill McKibben spoke for the Distinguished Speaker Series, the class sat still and silent in inside a heart made of words ("Thank You Bill for your Earthmindedness") with globes upon their head. McKibben walked by and thanked them for the artwork. And for Halloween, Jenna Tico of Scripps helped the group join a worldwide phenomena by arranging a "Thrill the World" flash mob, where participants in zombie make-up perform the Michael Jackson "Thriller" dance spontaneously and in unison.
For her project, Ellen McCormick '12 celebrated the symmetry and geometry of the Stanley Academic Quad, with performers aligning their bodies with the natural lines in the space, creating tangents, parallels and other shapes, and using the fountain for leverage and as a center point.
A chemistry major and trained ballet dancer, McCormick says "This class seemed like it would challenge me because the performances are not necessarily based in dance technique. Since I have mostly only performed where I had a deep technique foundation to rely on, I have definitely felt outside my comfort zone during Jessica's class. You're so much more vulnerable when you're performing without a technique to make it credible."
The many performances of the class provided a formidable challenge, but it also brought them together. For most of the events, including those designed by individual students, the classmates had to work as a cohesive unit. "The students genuinely recognize the value of creative group collaboration and have been fantastic at listening to each other, building on each other's ideas, offering constructive feedback and generating solutions," says Harris.
Part of the class curricula also involves recording and disseminating the events. "We explored how performance is changing with the advent of the information age and digital devices," says Harris. Each student had to create a blog post on http://sitespecific47.wordpress.com with documentation of their individual performance. "This has helped students experience firsthand the power of presenting material on the internet," says Harris, who notes the "Thriller" flash mob video has been viewed more than 350 times, widening the audience far beyond those who actually witnessed the live event.
As Harris noted before when speaking about the "Musical Stairs" piece, the class may have a life beyond this semester, even though there are no current plans to offer it again. Recently, she and Zac Belok of Pitzer auditioned for and performed at the annual fundraising gala event at the Museum of Contemporary Art in Los Angeles, art directed by Marina Abramovic.
Wong has enjoyed the class and is excited about the idea of the performances continuing. "The world of site-specific performance is still undefined and it was very good for me as an artist to see and learn from another artist who is discovering along with everyone else," he says. "Jessica has talked about starting a performance collective to keep this work going. I don't think you've seen the last of us yet!"


text:
For over 50 years, Sierra View Medical Center has provided Porterville and the surrounding areas the finest health care services, close to home.
While we've experienced rapid growth through the years, we've never wavered from our mission of providing needed, quality healthcare services that are responsive to those we serve.
Sierra View today stands as a 167-bed, full service health care facility offering a compassionate team of expert health care professionals and the latest advancements in medical technology. In fact, many of the services we offer are comparable to what is available at the prestigious university-affiliated medical centers in Los Angeles and the Bay Area.
To learn more about the services Sierra View offers, please explore the links in this section.


text:
Superyachts invited to Audi Hamilton Island Race Week 2012
A superyacht division will again be part of Australia's premier keelboat event, Audi Hamilton Island Race Week from August 17 to 25. This will be the 29th staging of the regatta, which is sailed on the tropical, island-laced waters ...
This entry was posted in General Sailing, Sailing News. Bookmark the permalink.
Leave a Reply
You must be logged in to post a comment.


text:
Posted: October 29, 2014
Best known as the guitarist for the Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section (also known as the Swampers), Jimmy Johnson has played on numerous classic R&B and pop hits with his trusty Gretsch 6120 guitar during the mid-1960s through the '70s.
Just one of Johnson's many credits is that funky riff heard on Aretha Franklin smash single "Respect." The Alabama-born axeman also operated as a guitarist, producer, or engineer on projects with the likes of Wilson Pickett, the Rolling Stones and Paul Simon, among countless other luminaries.
While taking a break during sessions at his studio in Sheffield, Ala., Johnson spoke to Gretsch about his guitar, amps and influences.
GRETSCH GUITARS: To see those photos of you in the studio back in the day with your Gretsch 6120, we were anxious to find out as much as possible about your guitar. Obviously not only which recordings that guitar was played on, but also when did you first become aware of the Gretsch brand?
JIMMY JOHNSON: You know some of that is a little foggy. It's been so long, so many years. But the way I knew about Gretsch was from Chet Atkins. In the South, Chet is like the almighty guitar player. And to my dad, who was also a guitar player, Chet was his favorite guitarist in the whole world. So you know, he ranks up there as mine too. And then when you find out what kind of guitars he played, which also included the Country Gentleman. So I started checking them out at the stores and with folks who had them.
Country music was big in my area. But one thing about it, I never liked country and my dad tried everything in the world to get me to play it in the early years. Country music bored me. It was just, I don't know, too country. Too whatever it was.
My inspiration came when I heard Chuck Berry play. Chuck provided me with a little song called "Johnny B. Good." When I heard that tune on our local AM radio, I absolutely had to learn how to do that.
Tags: Aretha Franklin, Gretsch 6120, Jimmy Johnson
Posted In: Artists Blogs, Featured Artist | Leave a comment
Posted: August 15, 2014
When Colorado folk band Elephant Revival stopped by Gretsch, they showcased their eclectic sound with a beautiful version of "Remembering a Beginning," a track off 2013′s These Changing Skies.
It's impossible not to get drawn in by the distinctive Gretsch Roots Collection resonator guitar, singer Bonnie Paine's washboard playing and the lush work on the fiddle from Bridget Law.
Tags: Elephant Revival, Gretsch Lounge, Remembering a Beginning, Resonator, Roots Collection, These Changing Skies
Posted In: Featured Artist | Leave a comment
Posted: June 13, 2014
Brooklyn-based punk rockers the So So Glos were recently featured in Dodge's #NextUp campaign, which spotlights rising artists.
The band ripped through "Son of An American," a track featured on latest album Blowout.
Check out that clip and an interview below.
Tags: Consequence of Sound, Live Performance, Next Up, Son of an American, The So So Glos
Posted In: Featured Artist | Leave a comment
Posted: April 15, 2014
Having released the album Rev on Jan. 21 via Victory Records, Reverend Horton Heat recently debuted a music video for the track "Scenery Going By."
The clip surely lives up to the song's title, as live footage of the band is cut with scenes of their travels, whether it is the view from a car window or a line of fans waiting for autographs.
Behold all the scenery in the video below.
Tags: Rev, Reverend Horton Heat, Scenery Going By
Posted In: Featured Artist | Leave a comment
Posted: March 24, 2014
When CALICO the Band stopped by the Gretsch Lounge, they brought out their Gretsch Chet Atkins and Gretsch Rancher to perform a few songs from their self-titled 2013 EP.
Watch the all-female trio play "High Road" and "Fool's Gold" in the clips below and visit their official Facebook page for more information.
Tags: Calico, Calico the Band, Fool's Gold, Gretsch Lounge, High Road, Live Performance
Posted In: Featured Artist | Leave a comment
Keep in touch with the latest Gretsch news, pictures and videos.
New From The Gretsch Blog.
What are you interested in?
View Past Blogs.


text:
Don't Touch My Comics
The Times Union Comics Panel takes a critical look at the funny pages.
Yearly Archive for 2010
What's new on the comics page?
Peanuts, Ziggy and Family Circus have moved to the Classified section. [Read More]
What do you think of 'Dustin'?
A new comic debuts today in the Times Union. "Dustin," created by Steve Kelley and Jeff Parker, both newspaper editorial cartoonists, is about the increasingly common phenomenon of the 20-something who has moved back home with his parents. An inveterate dreamer, Dustin is taking whatever work the temp agency offers while waiting for his true […] [Read More]
Help us make this decision about our comics pages
We've discovered a new comic, "Dustin," by Steve Kelley and Jeff Parker, that we'd like to bring to the Times Union's comics pages. The strip focuses on Dustin, a 23-year-old unmarried, unemployed boomerang kid who is back living with mom and dad. The real kicker: He doesn't see any problem with any of it. Kelley […] [Read More]


text:
Based in Bristol (CT), on the East coast of the USA, ESPN, Inc. is the world's leading multinational, multimedia sports entertainment company featuring a portfolio of over 50 multimedia sports assets. ESPN is 80 percent owned by ABC, Inc., which is an indirect subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company. The Hearst Corporation holds a 20 percent interest in ESPN.
In Australia and New Zealand, the first dedicated ESPN content channel launched in 2002. Reaching over 2.5 million households, ESPN HD was launched in 2008 to extend the diverse portfolio of major sporting events as well as locally produced content such as the successful local version of SportsCenter, Pardon the Interruption Australia, Aussies Abroad and ESPN Soccernet Press Pass.
In March 2011, ESPN launched ESPN2 and ESPN2 HD delivering even more of the best international sport to Australia sports fans, with 3D coverage of major sporting events available on Foxtel's 3D channel. In New Zealand, ESPN3.com launched on iSKY in 2011. In the digital space, ESPN's 24 hour broadband network, ESPN3.com delivers the best of international sports anytime and anywhere – available to Foxtel and SKY sports subscribers as part of their Sports package. Other digital properties include websites ESPNcricinfo, ESPNFC, ESPNscrum, ESPNF1 and ESPNfootytips.com.au – Australia's largest online sports community.
The complete ESPN Australia portfolio is also outlined below:


text:
Series: Buffy the Vampire Slayer
aka: Buffy
Into every generation a Slayer is born: one girl in all the world, a Chosen One. She alone will wield the strength and skill to fight the vampires, demons, and the forces of darkness; to stop the spread of their evil and the swell of their numbers. She is the Slayer.In 1992, Joss Whedon wrote a largely forgotten film with a hip concept and postmodern take on the horror genre: the fragile (and doomed) Southern Californian cheerleader attacked by a monster in a dark alley; in contrast, Buffy scared monsters into becoming afraid of meeting her in dark alleys. Buffy Summers is the "Slayer," the most recent in a long line of girls — one chosen every generation — given mystical strength and other powers to confront the monsters that stalk the night. Since Whedon, a mere writer, lacked creative control over his work, he viewed the actual film a disappointment. Not wanting the character and overall concept go to waste, and given the opportunity to re-visit it as a television series, Joss wasted no time in saying "yes".In 1997, the fledgling WB network took Buffy The Vampire Slayer and raised it from the dead with an abbreviated first season. The pilot treated the motion picture as originally scripted (not the film that resulted) as canon: Buffy, hoping to elude her Slayer responsibilities (and the authorities after burning down the school gym), transfers to Sunnydale, a sleepy town in Southern California.As it so happens, Sunnydale sits on top of a Hellmouth. Bring the kids!The Watchers Council, an ancient order responsible for training Slayers for the past few millennia, sends Buffy a mentor (Giles) to prepare her for the fights to come. Giles, posing as the school librarian, sets up shop in preparation for the day the Hellmouth reopens. Forming a tight-knit group of friends, Buffy continues to battle evil, all while maintaining her double life as a carefree schoolgirl. That last part is easier than it sounds, as Sunnydale's adults are too wrapped up in lawn care (and denial) to acknowledge the evil brewing right under their feet.While the show didn't exactly light the world on fire during its first season, it garnered enough critical acclaim to earn a devoted fanbase by year two. The show pioneered the Half-Arc Season, with a singular villain behind that year's events, and even foreshadowed a few major plot developments several years in advance. Characters would often subvert a wide variety of tropes. Perhaps most surprisingly, the central cast grew like kudzu, with even walk-ons being given a dose of clear, deliberate Character Development later on. (Just in time for Joss to kill them off, alas.)In 1999, Joss and co-producer David Greenwalt conceived a Spin-Off starring Buffy's vampiric Love Interest, Angel; the He-Man to Buffy's She-Ra, if you will. While Buffy dealt with the troubles of adolescent life and growing up, Angel focused on adults trying to hold onto their youthful ideals. This culminated with the cast of Angel selling out and becoming Corporate Sponsored Superheroes, much to the disgust of Buffy and her allies, who disavowed them. Crossovers and cross-references between the two shows persisted even after Buffy ended in 2003.In 2007, Buffy started up again — in comic form — as "Season Eight" began; produced by Joss Whedon, the comic series has become recognized as official series canon. The first issues of "Season Nine", split between two series — Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Angel & Faith — began in the fall of 2011; this was followed by "Season Ten", which commenced in the spring of 2014.Nobody can deny or ignore the influence of Buffy on the TV shows that followed it, both within and outside the genre. Russell T Davies had at least one eye on this show when he revived Doctor Who.The producers of the original film (the Kuzui couple listed in the credits) retained the rights to Buffy throughout the show's run despite having no creative involvement past the film. Plans have been proposed to revive/remake the film without Joss Whedon's input. No one involved with the series had anything pleasant to say about it.This series has become one of the most Trope Overdosed and Lampshaded shows in existence — thousands of references to Buffy exist across this entire wiki — partially because TV Tropes began with a specific focus on Buffy (based on a 2004 thread on the fan site Buffistas.org) before branching out to all of TV and eventually all of everything. However, we no longer consider this show as merely Trope Overdosed — we now officially classify it as kiloWick and one of The Truly Awesome. With over 7,000 wicks and a runtime of 6,056 minutes, this page now has over one wick per minute.You can find certain episode-specific tropes on the recap page and character-specific tropes on its character pages. Has an episode crowner here.
Buffy the Vampire Slayer has been indexed to avoid one day breaking the site:
- General Tropes
- Season Specific Tropes
Alternative Title(s):Buffy The Vampire Slayer
Star Trek Deep Space Nine S 05 E 06 Trials And Tribbleations Hugo Award Buffy The Vampire Slayer S 6 E 7 Once More With Feeling


text:
Details and Shopping
Customer Favorite
Printed sleeved oversized pullover. Sleeves are boxy shaped. Two vertical seams running down front and back. Slight hi-low hem.
*100% Cotton
*Machine Wash Cold
*Machine Wash Cold
Measurements for Small:Length in Front: 26"
Length in Back: 30 5/8"
Bottom Opening (all around): 43 1/2"
Sleeve Length: 15 7/8"
Sleeve Opening Width: 13"
Rated 3.8 out of 5Â by 6 reviewers.
Rated 4 out of 5Â by Momofjak Unique Shirt I saw this in the store and walked past it, but saw it on a few people around town and it is so cute. I took a second look at it and I bought it. I love the sleeve detail and know I'll grab it over and over. It does run big, but I like that look. 7.18.2013
Rated 5 out of 5Â by Tallulahbel Omg super comfy top I bought this top in both colors. Love it. They are super comfy they look so effortless . I love wearing after the beach. So soft great cut one of the best tops I've purchase for a long time off FP. I got the S I am athletic build size 36 B bust the s was plenty roomy would have got xs but the length was much shorter. Hope that helps. You can't go wrong with this top. 7.3.2013
Rated 5 out of 5Â by MelRose Such a nice surprise! I wound up purchasing this based on some of the other reviews. It is such a beautifully detailed shirt, and it is hard to tell from the pictures. I wore it as a sweatshirt this summer and received many compliments regarding the style of the shirt. I am 5'4'' and bought the XS - it is a tad short in the front, but not enough so to go through the trouble of returning. An absolute MUST BUY!! 8.14.2014
Rated 1 out of 5Â by klibia Perfect style but awful quality I was very excited to receive this item. It looks really fabulous on a person. But, oh woe, after the first wash burgundy parts of the sleeve have colored the white parts. I was washing it according to the instruction in 30 degrees water, hang it to dry and in the morning have discovered burgundy spots across all the sleeves. I've spent an hour trying to fix the situation: soaked the pullover several times in the boiled water, scrubbed the spots with whatever thing possible. But the spots have still remained, only became a little paler. Be carefull with this item! P.S. This is the second item from FP, which comes with the defect. I would gladly return those, but it's not profitable to deliver them back to USA from Finland :(( 7.31.2014
Rated 5 out of 5Â by luckysgirl13 Love This! It didn't look like much, but once I tried it on I was in love. The sleeves especially feel so good against your skin. Although it is not one of FP's most sexy tops, it is flattering on all body styles. I wish they had it in more colors and/or patterns I would buy them all in a heartbeat. This is a great "doing nothing" shirt. 7.22.2014
Rated 3 out of 5Â by Whitterly Comfy Not the most flattering shirt, but it is really cozy(sweatshirt material) and a good looking top for casual/lazy days. 10.31.2013
1-6 of 6
Product Reviews
There are no reviews for this product yet. Check back. or write a review yourself.


text:
UAE Gold Consumption Rises 17 Percent in First Quarter
Gold consumption in the UAE rose 17 percent in the first quarter, setting a new record for the period, according to the industry-funded World Gold Council (WGC), cited by the Gulf News.
Indian consumption rose 23 percent to 243 tons. This led to a rise in official imports by 26 percent, the WGC said. Dubai is a traditional supplier of bullion to India, said the report.
The WGC said demand in India was boosted by a buoyant season of marriages and festivals, and by retailers restocking after a period of good sales.
Globally, the first quarter of 2001 saw further growth of 5 percent to 826 tons in demand for gold jewelry and personal investment, the paper added.
The WGC said in its quarterly Gold Demand Trends that demand in the 27 markets monitored by the organization set a new first quarter record, boosted by strong performances in India, the UAE and Mexico – Albawaba.com


text:
Steelers coach Mike Tomlin was contrite on Tuesday, admitting he made a "blunder" when he interfered with Jacoby Jones on his long kickoff return on Thanksgiving night. The NFL finally admitted on Tuesday what pretty much everyone who has seen the play already knew: The officials made a huge blunder as well.
Tomlin never made contact with Jones, but he clearly was in the 6-foot-wide white sideline border area, which is not allowed during play. Yet no penalty was called.
""Anytime a player or a coach from the sideline is in this white area, that's a 15-yard penalty for unsportsmanlike conduct," NFL vice president of officiating Dean Blandino said on NFL Network.
What's hard to understand is how no flag was thrown.
Not only was Tomlin in the prohibited area, but field judge David Meslow actually had to run behind Tomlin to continue to officiate the play. And line judge Ron Marinucci, trailing the play up the left sideline, also had a perfect view of Tomlin's location in the prohibited area.
Two weeks ago, a Jets assistant was flagged for unsportsmanlike conduct after making contact with an official along that same sideline border at M&T Bank Stadium.
Tomlin is awaiting word from the NFL on punishment for his transgression, with a hefty fine the most likely outcome. The officiating crew, headed by referee Clete Blakeman, could face discipline as well.
Blandino reiterated that if officials deemed Tomlin had interfered with the play, the Ravens could have been awarded a touchdown via the rule known as the 'palpably unfair act.' But in order to do that, the officials would have had to have been certain that absent Tomlin, Jones would have scored.
"That's not the case here," Blandino said, "but certainly Coach Tomlin was in the white. He should have been flagged for unsportsmanlike conduct."


text:
MAA350 - Professional Ethics and Governance
Unit details
|2015 unit information
|Enrolment modes:
|Trimester 2: Burwood (Melbourne), Warrnambool, Waterfront (Geelong), Cloud (online)
Trimester 3: Burwood (Melbourne), Cloud (online)
|Credit point(s):
|EFTSL value:
|Unit chair:
G Wong
MAA260 or MAA363
|Incompatible with:
|Contact hours:
Campus: 1 x 2 hour class, 1 x 1 hour seminar per week
Cloud (online): Learning experiences are via CloudDeakin.
As a requirement of International Education Standard 4 released by the International Federation of Accountants, the unit develops students' appreciation of ethics and their ability to evaluate and apply ethical principles in the decision-making process in accounting and finance. Topics covered include: the nature of ethics; ethical factors influencing the performance of financial services; ethical theories and principles applicable to finance professionals; ethical decision-making models; ethical issues and conflicts of interest in the financial services industry; professional codes and workplace ethics; corporate social responsibility; principles of corporate governance; applying ethical decisions in case scenarios; and international business practices.
Assessment 1 (Individual) - Video debate/presentation on ethical issues and evidence to support argument/claim (7 minutes) - 20%
Assessment 2 (Individual) - e-Portfolio written reflective assignment (1800 words) - 20%
Examination (2 hours) - 60%
Hurdle requirement: achieve at least 50% of the marks available on the examination.
Unit Fee Information
|Student Contribution Rate*
|Student Contribution Rate**
|Fee rate - Domestic Students
|Fee rate - International students
* Rate for all CSP students, except for those who commenced Education and Nursing units pre 2010
** Rate for CSP students who commenced Education and Nursing units pre 2010
Please note: Unit fees listed do not apply to Deakin Prime students.


text:
Mark your calendar for Saturday, June 28th
for Trumbull Day 2014!
Originally established in 1972 to celebrate the Town of Trumbull's 175th Anniversary, Trumbull Day is a fun-filled family event highlighting the best of what Trumbull has to offer - - from its people to businesses to non-profits and other local organizations.
In keeping with tradition, the Trumbull Day Commission has selected the fields behind Trumbull High School (72 Strobel Road) and Hillcrest Middle School as the site for Trumbull Day 2014. The event will open with the fun and amusements of carnival rides and games; a spectacular fireworks display will close the evening. The main stage will feature a variety of live musical acts, and each of the bands has a close tie to Trumbull. There will also be several food vendors, a wine & beer tent, arts & crafts vendors, and a lively children's entertainment area.
Volunteers are needed to help out on Trumbull Day. If you are interested in volunteering at Trumbull Day, please contact Elizabeth Mastroianni at email@example.com.
Interested in being a vendor? Please contact Elizabeth Mastroianni at email@example.com.
Interested in Sponsoring Trumbull Day? There are many sponsorship opportunities available. Please contact Barbara Whetstone firstname.lastname@example.com or 203-452-5005 for more information.
Follow Trumbull Day on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/TrumbullDay or Twitter https://twitter.com/TrumbullDay for up-to-date news. Check back to this website often for additional event information as it becomes available.
Saturday, June 28th
(Rain Date: June 29th)
12:00 Noon to 11:00PM
At the fields behind Trumbull High School
and Hillcrest Middle School
(72 Strobel Road, Trumbull, CT, 06611)
$5 per person.
Free for children
under age of 5.


text:
|Print This Page Email this page to a Friend
News Releases
As children transition to a new school year, Olga Rosa, M.D. wants teachers, parents and neighbors to be attentive to possible signs of neglect or child abuse. Dr. Rosa practices at Palmetto Health Children's Hospital and is director of forensic pediatrics for the University of South Carolina School of Medicine Department of Pediatrics.
According to Dr. Rosa, one in 80 children in South Carolina is a victim of child abuse or neglect. "For every story that we hear about in the news, there are more than 300 children we never hear about," she says.
She cautions that it is important to recognize that every case of child abuse is individual and that no single warning sign proves that child abuse is present. When warning signs appear repeatedly, or in combination, it should prompt a closer look at the child, as they are an indication that something may be wrong—something that may or may not be an abuse-related condition.
The following are changes in behavior a parent or guardian may observe after abuse may have occurred. It is important to note that none of these signs prove that child abuse is occurring, only that the possibility should be considered among other possible diagnoses.
If the child is two years old or younger, you may see:
• Increased clinging
• Biting, hitting
• Temper tantrums
• Throwing things
• Becoming agitated
If the child is 2–6 years old, you may see:
• Nightmares
• Acting Out
• Becomes anxious when separating from you
• Becomes withdrawn
• Loss of appetite or overeating
• Goes backward on already acquired skills (toileting accidents in children already trained, baby talk, thumb-sucking, temper tantrums, etc.) and no physical cause is found
If the child is 6–10 years old, you may see:
• Difficulty concentrating, which will affect school performance
• Complaints of frequent headaches, stomach aches and no physical cause is found
• Sleeping difficulties such as nightmares, trouble falling or staying asleep, sleeping long hours
• Loss of appetite or overeating
If the child is 10–14 years old, you may see:
• Anger
• Mood swings
• Being very critical of themselves
• Withdrawal from family, friends and school
• Complaints of frequent headaches, stomach aches and no physical cause is found
• Loss of appetite or overeating
In the case of babies, Dr. Rosa says that if you see an injury on a baby that is too young to walk or crawl, this is a red flag that something may be wrong. "If you can't cruise, you don't bruise," she says. "A child too young to walk or crawl should not have bruises." She adds that adults should be especially attentive if there are patterns to bruises in the shape of a household item, such as a belt, a coat hanger or an electrical cord.
"If you are a neighbor and notice that a young child often is left alone or in the care of a young sibling, this may be a sign that requires further investigation. If you see that a child is often dirty, hungry or improperly dressed for the weather, this should raise concern about the welfare of this child and his home life," says Dr. Rosa. She also says that seeing a young child alone outside late at night is cause for concern.
A teacher who suspects possible neglect or abuse should empower the child to talk about what is happening and should ask the child, "What can I do to help you?" If there are significant and persistent changes in a child's behavior, appetite, or school performance, this should prompt a closer look.
"As responsible adults, it is our civic duty to intervene to protect children from abuse," says Dr. Rosa. "If you are concerned that abuse may be occurring, contact the local office of the Department of Social Services or the police department."
About Children's Hospital
Palmetto Health Children's Hospital is the state's first and only freestanding children's hospital. Each year, Palmetto Health Children's Hospital treats more than 80,000 sick and injured children. As a major pediatric referral center, Children's Hospital maintains more than 30 medical subspecialties devoted strictly to children.
About Dr. Rosa
Olga Rosa, MD, FAAP practices at Palmetto Health Children's Hospital as a child abuse subspecialist. She is assistant professor of pediatrics at the University of South Carolina School of Medicine and is director of the Division of Forensic Pediatrics. She also is director of the South Carolina Children's Advocacy Medical Response System.


text:
On-again couple Katy Perry and John Mayer were spotted out and about in New York yesterday having lunch and dinner to celebrate Mayer's 35th birthday. It seems like a happy enough occasion, and it was an absolutely gorgeous fall day in the city. So why were the pop and rock stars frowning in every single picture taken of them?
- John's feeling over the hill at 35. (I get that; I'm turning 35 this month too.)
- His attempt to feel younger by pairing that jaunty bow-tie with a denim jacket — a style that looks cute on 20-something prepsters — kinda backfired.
- Katy read our list of John's 10 most insane quotes yesterday. She had somehow previously sheltered herself from his foot-in-mouth disease. Then they got into a fight about how at least Russell Brand is funny when he offends people.
- The paparazzi said something mean about the bow tie.
- Katy stepped in this gross fast food container on the street.
[Photos: Splash News Online]


text:
This item has been discontinued and is no longer available
Ordering for a Team?
Let our Team Division Help!
Item has a Minimum Qty
NEW!Now you can comment & reply on customer reviews. Simply click "comment" below any review.
Back for second one
Love that this bag is machine washable, super durable, and holds tons of items. I have thrown running and swimming workout clothes in it with no problem. Will always have another one on hand as back up.
The Woodlands, TX
Report abuse
Your comment has been posted.
Great Bag!
Sizeable to fit all the suits and toiletries that girls like to have on hand.High quality material. Great color scheme. Super deal!
Backpack replacement
Bought this for my daughter. She didn't want a backpack for school. It's large enough to hold her binders, books and lunch on "A" day of school. She has thicker books on her "B" day, so she ends up carrying one book & binder around until she gets to her locker.She loves the color. It's easy to put books in/take out. She doesn't use the outer pockets, but probably would if there were zippers on them.Overall, good bag, stylish, very roomy.
Dallas, TX
Get an alert when we add new styles of Dakine! Simply sign up and we'll notify you.
Dakine is a Hawaiian slang or Pidgin term that can be used to indicate just about anything, but it has come to be associated with items of high quality, and this is the meaning that best suits the name of Dakine™ water sportswear. Dakine rashguards, Dakine surf hats and a number of different Dakine bags are just a small portion of all that Dakine has to offer.
Dakine was born in Hawaii in 1979 when Rob Kaplan manufactured the first Dakine surfboard leash, a surf leash built to withstand even the most brutal Hawaiian surfing conditions. The Dakine surfing leash set the standard for Dakine's innovative and high quality products. Specific to surfing, they carry Dakine Traction pads, Dakine surf bags, Dakine surf hats, and Dakine rashguards. For Stand Up Paddle boarding (SUP) they have a Dakine SUP paddle bag, Dakine SUP paddle sock, Dakine waterproof duffel bag and a Dakine hydration pack.
Dakine offers a wide variety of durable, fashionable, and eye-catching surf style bags for the extreme athlete at reasonable prices.If you are looking for a Dakine wallet, Dakine backpack, Dakine duffle bag, Dakine travel bag, Dakine hip pack or even a Dakine skim board bag, you are in luck. If you're an extreme athlete who demands quality and style, Dakine has your back.


text:
Systems and methods are provided for channel estimation and timing synchronization in a wireless network. In an embodiment, a method is provided for time synchronization at a wireless receiver. The method includes decoding at least one TDM pilot symbol located at a transition between wide and local waveforms and processing the TDM pilot symbol to perform time synchronization for a wireless receiver. Methods for channel estimation at a wireless receiver are also provided. This includes decoding at least one TDM pilot symbol and receiving the TDM pilot symbol from an OFDM broadcast to facilitate channel estimation for a wireless receiver.
1. A method for time synchronization at a wireless receiver, comprising:
receiving in the wireless receiver, a data frame having at least one Time Division Multiplexed (TDM) pilot symbol at a transition located between wide and local waveforms, the at least one TDM pilot symbol having wide area pilots positioned in at least a first subcarrier interlace and local pilots positioned in at least a second subcarrier interlace distinct from the first subcarrier interlace; and
processing the at least one TDM pilot symbol to determine at least one of a channel estimate or timing synchronization.
2. The method of
3. The method of
4. The method of
5. The method of
6. The module of
7. The method of
8. The method of
9. The method of
10. The method of
11. The method of
12. The method of
13. The method of
14. A wireless communications apparatus, comprising:
a memory that includes a component to receive at least one TDM pilot symbol per transition between wide and local waveforms in a super frame, the at least one TDM pilot symbol including wide area pilots positioned in at least a first subcarrier interlace and local pilots positioned in at least a second subcarrier interlace distinct from the first subcarrier interlace; and
at least one processor associated with a receiver that decodes the super frame over a wireless network, the processor employs the TDM pilot symbol to determine a timing correction and/or a channel estimation for the wireless communications apparatus.
15. A method for channel estimation at a wireless receiver, comprising:
receiving, in the wireless receiver, at least one TDM pilot symbol located at a transition between wide and local waveforms from an OFDM broadcast, the at least one TDM pilot symbol including wide area pilots positioned in at least a first subcarrier interlace and local pilots positioned in at least a second subcarrier interlace distinct from the first subcarrier interlace; and
decoding the at least one TDM pilot symbol to facilitate channel estimation for the wireless receiver.
16. A method for time synchronization at a wireless receiver, comprising:
receiving, in the wireless receiver, a data frame having at least a first Time Division Multiplexed (TDM) pilot symbol associated with a local waveform boundary and at least a second TDM pilot symbol associated with a wide-area waveform boundary, wherein the first TDM pilot symbol includes local pilots positioned in at least a first subcarrier interlace, and the second TDM pilot symbol includes wide area pilots positioned in at least a second subcarrier interlace distinct from the first subcarrier interlace; and
processing the first TDM pilot symbol and the second TDM pilot symbol during the data frame to determine time synchronization.
17. The method of
18. The method of
I. Field
The subject technology relates generally to communications systems and methods, and more particularly to systems and methods that perform enhanced time synchronization and channel estimation in accordance with wireless networks.
II. Background
Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is a method of digital modulation in which a signal is split into several narrowband channels at different frequencies. These channels are sometimes called subbands or subcarriers. The technology was first conceived during research into minimizing interference among channels near each other in frequency. In some respects, OFDM is similar to conventional frequency-division multiplexing (FDM). The difference lies in the way in which the signals are modulated and demodulated. Generally, priority is given to minimizing the interference, or crosstalk, among the channels and symbols comprising the data stream. Less importance is placed on perfecting individual channels.
In one area, OFDM has also been used in European digital audio broadcast services. The technology lends itself to digital television, and is being considered as a method of obtaining high-speed digital data transmission over conventional telephone lines. It is also used in wireless local area networks. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing can be considered an FDM modulation technique for transmitting large amounts of digital data over a radio wave where OFDM operates by splitting a radio signal into multiple smaller sub-signals or sub-carriers that are then transmitted simultaneously at different frequencies to the receiver. One advantage of OFDM technology is that it reduces the amount of crosstalk in signal transmissions where current specifications such as 802.11a WLAN, 802.16 and WiMAX technologies employ various OFDM aspects.
In some systems deploying OFDM technology, transmissions are intended for many users simultaneously. One such example is a broadcast or multicast system. Further, if different users can choose between different portions of the same transmission, the data in each transmission is typically time division multiplexed (TDM). It is often the case that the data intended for transmission is organized into fixed structures such as frames or superframes. Different users can then choose to receive different portions of a superframe at any given time. In order to assist the multitude of users with synchronization to the timing and frequency of the broadcast signal, time division multiplexed (TDM) pilot symbols are sometimes inserted at the beginning of each superframe. In one such case, each superframe begins with a header consisting, among other things, of two TDM pilots, called TDM pilot 1 and TDM pilot 2. These symbols are used by the system to achieve initial frame synchronization, also called initial acquisition.
In order to further assist with time and/or frequency synchronization during a superframe, also called time or frequency tracking, additional pilot symbols may be used. Time and frequency tracking may be achieved using the frequency division multiplexed (FDM) pilots, which may be embedded in each transmitted data OFDM symbol. For instance, if each OFDM symbol consists of N subcarriers, N-P of them can be used for data transmission and P of them can be assigned to FDM pilots. These P FDM pilots are sometimes uniformly spread over the N subcarriers, so that each two pilots are separated by N/P−1 data subcarriers. Such uniform subsets of subcarriers within an OFDM symbol are called interlaces.
Time domain channel estimates are used for time tracking during a superframe. Time domain channel estimates are obtained from FDM pilots, embedded in data OFDM symbols. The FDM pilots can be always placed on the same interlace, or they can occupy different interlaces in different OFDM symbols. The subset of subcarriers with indices i+8k is sometimes called the ith interlace. In this instance, N/P=8. In one case, the FDM pilots can be placed on interlace 2 during one OFDM symbol, on interlace 6 during the following symbol, then back on interlace 2 and so forth. This is called (2,6) staggering pattern. In other instances, the pilot staggering pattern can be more complicated, so that the occupied interlaces describe the pattern (0,3,6,1,4,7,2,5). This is sometimes called the (0,3,6) staggering pattern. Different staggering patterns make it possible for the receiver to obtain channel estimates longer than P time-domain taps. For example, (2,6) staggering pattern can be used at the receiver to obtain channel estimates of length 2P, while (0,3,6) staggering pattern can lead to channel estimates of length 3P. This is achieved by combining the channel observations of length P from consecutive OFDM symbols into a longer channel estimate in a unit called the time filtering unit. Longer channel estimates in general may lead to more robust timing synchronization algorithms.
Some broadcast systems are intended for different types of transmission simultaneously. For example, some of the broadcast data may be intended for any potential user within the wide-area network, and such data is called wide-area content. Other data symbols transmitted on the network may be intended only for users currently residing in a specific, local portion of the network. Such data is called local-area content. The data OFDM symbols, belonging to different contents may be time division multiplexed within each frame in a superframe. For example, certain portions of each frame within a superframe may be reserved for wide-area content and the other portions for local content. In such cases, the data and pilots intended for different contents can be scrambled using different methods. Moreover, the set of transmitters that are simultaneously broadcasting the wide-area and the local content within a superframe can be different. It is therefore quite common that the time domain channel estimates, as well as channel observations, associated with wide-area content and those associated with local content can be quite different.
In the above scenarios, special strategy needs to be deployed for channel estimation on OFDM symbols grouped near the boundary between the wide-area and local waveforms. This is because channel observations from wide-area symbols cannot be combined with those from local symbols in a seamless manner. Similar concept holds for time tracking on OFDM symbols located soon after the waveform boundary. If time tracking is based on time-domain channel estimates, and if observations from three consecutive OFDM symbols are needed for a single channel estimate, time tracking cannot be performed during the first few OFDM symbols after the waveform boundary. Therefore, alternative channel estimation and timing synchronization techniques may be needed.
The following presents a simplified summary of various embodiments in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the embodiments. This summary is not an extensive overview. It is not intended to identify key/critical elements or to delineate the scope of the embodiments disclosed herein. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
Receiver processing components and methods are provided for a wireless network. At least one Time Domain Multiplexed (TDM) pilot symbol, in addition to TDM pilots 1 and 2, is processed at a wireless receiver along with other super frame symbols and parameters where such aspects as time synchronization and channel estimation are performed based on the additional pilot symbol which can be referred to as TDM3 or TDM pilot 3 in one example. In an embodiment, receiver components are provided that account for aspects that were not previously considered for timing and channel estimation due in part to the fact that the pilot symbols and associated data may not be scrambled in a similar manner from one waveform boundary to another (e.g., local to wide-area boundary). Given the nature and structure of the added pilot symbol, channel estimations can be performed on either side of local and wide-area waveform boundary appearing in a data frame.
In another embodiment and as noted above, at least one additional TDM pilot symbol is added to a conventional broadcast symbol set (e.g., set including TDM1 and TDM2) at regular or determined intervals within a super frame broadcast. In this case, a TDM3, TDM4 and so forth pilot symbols may be added to an existing pilot set to mitigate timing and channel estimation problems within an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) network for multimedia data transfer organized in superframes, where different portions of a superframe are intended for different waveform delivery. For example, a number of TDM3 symbols could be processed from a symbol set at each boundary which could be placed at the waveform boundaries in the super frame to facilitate synchronization and channel estimation. Similar to TDM Pilot 2, TDM Pilot 3 (or symbol subset) can be designed to provide timing synchronization and channel estimation except that TDM Pilot 2 is limited for Wide-area channel and TDM Pilot 3 can be employed for either wide-area or local channel depending on the position in a super frame. The structure of the TDM pilot 3 may be different from the structure of TDM pilot 2. If the TDM Pilot 3 (or other additional pilots) is located between a transition from wide-area waveform to local waveform in the super frame, it can be utilized for wide-area channel estimation or local channel estimation and timing. If the TDM Pilot 3 is located at the transition from local to wide-area, it can be used for local channel estimation or wide-area timing and channel estimation.
To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, certain illustrative embodiments are described herein in connection with the following description and the annexed drawings. These aspects are indicative of various ways in which the embodiments may be practiced, all of which are intended to be covered.
Systems and methods are provided for channel estimation and timing synchronization in a wireless network. In one embodiment, a method is provided for time synchronization at a wireless receiver. The method includes decoding at least one new TDM pilot symbol in addition to TDM1 and TDM2 and processing the new TDM pilot symbol from a channel boundary of an OFDM broadcast to perform time synchronization for a wireless receiver. Methods for channel estimation at a wireless receiver are also provided. This includes decoding at least one new TDM pilot symbol and receiving the new TDM pilot symbol from an OFDM broadcast to facilitate channel estimation for a wireless receiver.
In another embodiment, a method is provided for channel estimation, time-synchronization, and AGC bootstrapping for data symbols located near the boundary between different types of traffic in a Multicast Wireless System using Time-Division Multiplexed (TDM) Pilot Symbols. The method includes determining at least one new TDM pilot symbol in addition to a TDM1 symbol and a TDM2 symbol. This also includes inserting at least one new TDM pilot symbol between two OFDM symbols belonging to different broadcast waveforms in order to facilitate decoding of an OFDM transmission block immediately prior to or immediately following the boundary. The new TDM pilot symbol or symbols can be employed for channel estimation, time synchronization, and for automatic gain control (AGC) bootstrapping among other aspects.
As used in this application, various wireless communications terms are employed. For wireless transmission, on transmitted packet structure can include an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol that consists of 4642 time-domain base-band samples called OFDM chips. Among these OFDM chips are 4096 data and pilot chips, originating from 4096 data and pilot subcarriers in the frequency domain. These chips are cyclically extended, with 529 chips preceding the useful portion and 17 following the useful portion. To reduce the OFDM signal's out-band energy, the first 17 chips and the last 17 chips in an OFDM symbol have a raised cosine envelope. The first 17 chips of an OFDM symbol overlap with the last 17 chips of the OFDM symbol that precede them. As a result, the time duration of each OFDM symbol is 4625 chips long.
In one transmission data packet example, data can be generally organized into super frames, where each super frame has a one second duration. A super frame consists of 1200 symbols that are OFDM modulated with 4096 sub-carriers. With respect to sub-carriers, an interlace refers to a subset of sub-carriers spaced by a certain amount (e.g., spacing of 8). For example, 4096 sub-carriers could be divided into 8 interlaces, where the subcarriers in the ith interlace are those with indices 8k+i. Among the 1200 OFDM symbols in a super frame, there are: Two TDM pilot symbols (TDM1, TDM2); One wide-area and one local identification channel (WIC and LIC) symbols; Fourteen overhead information symbols (OIS) channel symbols; A variable number of two, six, 10, or 14 pilot positioning symbols (PPC) symbols for assisting with position location; A certain number of Transitional Pilot Channel (TPC) symbols, or TDM3 pilots, which are located on each boundary between wide-area and local content data; and the remaining symbols are used for broadcast of either wide-area or local area waveform. Each superframe consists of four data frames, as well as overhead symbols.
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) Pilot Symbol 1 (TDM1) is the first OFDM symbol of each super frame, where TDM1 is periodic and has a 128 OFDM chip period. The receiver uses TDM1 for frame synchronization and initial time (course timing) and frequency acquisition. Following TDM1, are two symbols that carry the wide-area and local IDs, respectively. The receiver uses this information to perform proper descrambling operations for the corresponding content, utilizing the corresponding PN sequences. Time division Multiplexing pilot Symbol 2 (TDM2) follows the wide-area and local ID symbols, where TDM2 is periodic, having a 2048 OFDM chip period, and contains two and a fraction periods. The receiver uses TDM2 when determining accurate timing for demodulation of the OIS channel.
Following TDM2 are: One wide-area TPC (WTPC) symbol; Five wide-area OIS symbols; Five wide-area FDM Pilot symbols; Another WTPC; One local TPC (LTPC) symbol; Five local OIS symbols; Five local-area FDM Pilot symbols; Another LTPC; and Four data frames follow the first 18 OFDM symbols described above. A data frame is subdivided into a wide-area data portion and a local data portion. The wide-area waveform is pre-pended and appended with the wide-area TPC—one on each end. This arrangement is also used for the local data portion. In this embodiment there is a total of 10 WTPC and 10 LTPC symbols per superframe.
In another embodiment, each transition between wide and local-area waveform is associated with a single TPC pilot symbol. The structure of a unique TPC pilot, is different from the structure of WTPC or LTPC symbols, since a single pilot symbol is designed to meet both wide and local-area channel estimation and synchronization requirements. In this embodiment there is a total of 11 TPC pilots (or TDM pilot 3 symbols) per superframe.
As used in this application, the terms "component," "network," "system," "module," and the like are intended to refer to a computer-related entity, either hardware, a combination of hardware and software, software, or software in execution. For example, a component may be, but is not limited to being, a process running on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable, a thread of execution, a program, and/or a computer. By way of illustration, both an application running on a communications device and the device can be a component. One or more components may reside within a process and/or thread of execution and a component may be localized on one computer and/or distributed between two or more computers. Also, these components can execute from various computer readable media having various data structures stored thereon. The components may communicate over local and/or remote processes such as in accordance with a signal having one or more data packets (e.g., data from one component interacting with another component in a local system, distributed system, and/or across a wired or wireless network such as the Internet).
As will be described in more detail below, the additional symbols are processed as a symbol subset at the receiver 120 where the subset can include one or more additional TDM3 symbols that facilitate symbol decoding of data symbols located near the boundary between local and wide-area data waveforms. In one example, a symbol subset of two TDM3's could be received and processed at the receiver 120, where the subset appears between local and wide-area boundary locations in the super frame component 130. Thus, various embodiments can be provided. In one embodiment, one TDM pilot 3 symbol may be processed on each boundary in the super frame 130, whereas the structure and the processing of such pilot at the receiver 120 may be more complex. In other embodiments, two (or more) TDM pilot 3 symbols may be employed (with simpler structure and processing at the receiver) on most boundaries, except for right after TDM pilot 2, and right before PPC symbols which are described in more detail with respect to
One or more receiver processing components 140 are provided to decode the super frame 140 and employ the added TDM pilot symbol for such aspects as timing synchronization and channel estimation, where the components 140 are shown generally and apply to a given receiver 120. Timing synchronization based on TDM pilot 3 for example, can be based in part on similar principles as synchronization based on TDM pilot 2—used during initial acquisition. Moreover, an algorithm for timing synchronization based on TPC pilot symbols will depend on whether a single or two-symbol TPC is deployed at waveform boundaries. However, components 140 for implementation are generally more complicated, especially if a single TPC pilot is present, since the pattern of pilot interlaces used in a single TPC symbol scenario is generally not fixed from one boundary to the other. Thus, the respective pattern can be determined as a function of a symbol index and based on this information and an assumption about channel location, the components 140 at the receiver 120 can select an appropriate set of combining coefficients. Based on analysis, the timing synchronization, which relies on TDM pilot 3 placed on waveform boundaries, can be expected to perform at least as well as time tracking algorithms deployed on data symbols inside wide-area and local traffic blocks. Apart from timing synchronization, the structure of TDM pilot 3 (or other added pilot symbols) allows for channel estimation for the symbols that lie on both sides of the boundary between wide-area and local data waveforms.
Additionally, the system 100 can include a pilot symbol protocol for a wireless receiver. This can include means for decoding at least one additional pilot symbol for a super frame, where the additional pilot symbol is in addition to TDM1 and TDM2 (e.g., reference numeral 120, demodulator described below). Also, the protocol includes means for receiving the super frame in the wireless network (e.g., reference 120) and means for processing the super frame to perform at least one of a channel estimation and a timing synchronization (e.g., reference 140).
As a baseline, two hundred and ninety data symbols can be employed per frame 200. Two new OFDM symbols, a wide-area 260 and local identification 270 channels (WIC & LIC) are introduced between TDM 1 and TDM 2 at the beginning of the super-frame 200. In the remaining part of the super-frame 200, e.g., twenty TDM 3 pilot symbols 250 are introduced. In another embodiment, eleven TDM 3 pilot symbols are introduced. In general, in embodiment with two TDM 3 pilots, there are two specialized OFDM symbols at each transition between wide-area and local channels. There can be exceptions, however. There is only one TDM 3 symbol before the first wide-area OIS symbol (WOIS) and one at the end of the last frame, before PPC symbols, as indicated by the use of a shorter slice for TDM 3 as indicated at 230 and 280 if
A new positioning pilot channel (PPC) can be added at 290, and it includes P OFDM symbols at the end of the super-frame. The positioning pilots help in locating the receiver through triangulation methods.
Locations of TDM 3 symbols are shown in Table 1 above in embodiment with both wide-area and local TDM Pilot 3 symbols. The number of useful data OFDM symbols per frame is denoted by F, out of which W are used for wide-area channels and F−W for local channels, with W ranging from 0 to F. As mentioned previously, the base line value for F can be 290, which corresponds to a baseline value of six positioning pilots, P=6. However, if positioning pilots are not utilized, at least 2 symbols should be reserved with current numerology constraints. With P=2, the number of symbols per frame can be increased from 290 to 291. One relationship between F and P is given by
It is noted that, from the description of TDM Pilot 3 symbol locations above, the TDM Pilot 3 symbols can also be interpreted as being part of the frame. In particular, the frame 200 can begin with the wide-area TDM3 symbol at the beginning and end with the local TDM3 symbol at the end, and can include the two TDM3 symbols at the transition from wide-area to local area within the frame. With this counting, the number of symbols per frame would be F+4, that is also the factor that appears in Table 1 above. Similarly, the TDM3 symbols around the OIS can be included into the OIS, resulting in 7 wide-area OIS and 7 local OIS symbols, with each OIS phase beginning and ending in a TDM3 symbol. Whether TDM3 symbols are considered as part of the frame & OIS is a matter of convention, but can also be driven by convenience for hardware. In an embodiment with single TPC symbol, such simple analogies are not possible, since there are in general F+2 symbols per frame, except one frame (first or last) which contains F+3 symbols.
Channel estimation pilots follow the occupancy pattern of the adjacent corresponding traffic. In other words, in the example 300 it is assumed that the (0,3,6) staggering pattern is deployed, and that the last local symbol keeps interlace 1 reserved for pilots; similarly, the pilots should reside on interlace 3 on the first symbol in the wide-area traffic region. If the (0,3,6) pilot staggering pattern is used, it is possible to impose constraints on both wide-area and local blocks, so that each of them consists of an odd number of symbols. In this way, it can be ensured that TDM 3 pilots follow the same pattern, where the odd interlaces are zeroed out. In embodiments which deploy the (2,6) staggering pattern, such restrictions are not necessary, since the TDM3 pilots always contain FDM pilots on even interlaces only. However, the location of the "cpl" interlace may be varying in this case from one waveform boundary to the next. The requirement geared at keeping only the even interlaces occupied in TDM3 pilots provides certain advantages to timing synchronization. Namely, if odd, instead of even interlaces are non-zero, the resulting time-domain signal ceases to be periodic (second period is a negative of the first period). This may slightly complicate the demodulation procedure, but the overhead is not significant and such implementations can be considered.
The symbol structure for TDM3 that is employed for LTPC and WTPC is similar to that of a normal data symbol. This includes eight slots that are occupied and the respective data symbols are all '0'before scrambling, where interlaces are a subset of carriers and slots are mapped to the interlaces in order to randomize filling of the interlaces. Scrambling seeds & masks, slot-to-interlace mapping and modulation symbol energies are similar as in a data symbol. In particular, the wide-area TDM3 symbols—WTPC are scrambled using a wide-area ID in the seed, and the local TDM3 symbols—LTPC are scrambled using both the wide-area and local IDs in the seed. In general, the receiver does not need to determine the locations of TDM3 in one example modem implementation, since it uses the FDM pilots in respective LTPC or WTPC symbols as if they were ordinary data symbols. Nevertheless, sending information regarding the TDM3 locations requires very little overhead and could be useful as an upgrade path for wake-up time tracking and timing synchronization based on TDM 3, where the TPC symbol corresponding to the following data content is also used for timing synchronization.
For an embodiment with a single TPC symbol on boundaries, and with (0,3,6) pilot staggering pattern,
Consider the timing synchronization on the transition from local to wide-area waveform in the mentioned embodiment with (0,3,6) pilot staggering and a single TPC symbol. (This is the more problematic situation for timing synchronization, since the wide-area estimated channel is often a superset of a local estimated channel.) Timing synchronization in some wireless networks is generally based on channel estimation. Since local pilots, denoted "cpl" in
For simplicity, consider pattern 2 at 510 in
In general, the real non-zero channel content can be located in bins k, k+l and k+2, modulo 8, whereas the estimated channel of length 1536 covers only the first three bins. Depending on the bin location of the non-zero channel, k, the channel gets aliased into the estimated three bins with different aliasing coefficients. Timing synchronization in one embodiment is based on locating the non-zero channel content within the 4096 channel taps and relating that information to the currently-applied symbol timing. Since, only 1536 consecutive taps can be viewed, and the channel inside can appear aliased differently based on its broader location, some initial assumption on the general channel location (on bins k, k+1 and k+2) needs to be made. Assuming some initial timing synchronization has already taken place, it is most likely for the non-zero taps to be present in bins (6,7,0) or (7,0,1). This is shown at 710 of
In yet another embodiment, receiver can use only two out of three pilot interlaces in TDM pilot 3, designated for time tracking, and estimate a channel of length 1024. Such time-domain channel estimate can be used for time tracking in a manner very similar to ordinary time tracking performed anywhere within a frame. The algorithm for such time tracking is simpler, since the aliasing in this case appears the same for all channel bins. The advantage of using a 1536-long channel estimate is that it makes time tracking more robust to large timing changes.
In the following the process of obtaining a 1536-long channel estimate from three pilot interlaces is described, with the understanding that a similar process can be used to obtain a 1024-long channel estimate using two pilot interlaces of a TPC symbol. Referring back to
The scaling factor of √{square root over (N/2)} comes from the implicit N/2-point FFT which is broken into two steps: NP-point FFT WN
Some constraints with the algorithm 800 are that the actual delay spread of the channel at hand does not exceed half of the estimation length, i.e., 768 in this case and that the occupied channel bins are known in advance—see
Proceeding to 910, one or more super frame constraints are determined in view of employing additional TDM pilot symbols. As noted above this could include symbol locations, slot mapping considerations, scrambling considerations, mask considerations, slot energy considerations, backward compatibility considerations, and impacts on current MAC layer frameworks. As can be appreciated, modifications supplied at a transmitter of an OFDM broadcast would be considered and accounted for at the receiver end. At 920, additional TDM pilot constraints are considered. In one aspect, this may include determining how many additional symbols to add to a conventional symbol set of TDM1 and TDM2.
Generally, one additional TDM3 may be included but more than one symbol can be added to the super frame and associated specification. Other considerations include one or more of the constraints determined at 910 for the overall super frame structure. At 930, at least one additional TDM pilot symbol is added to a super frame structure. As noted above, a first additional pilot generally follows TDM2, where subsequent additional pilots are employed for separation between local and wide-area information broadcasts. As can be appreciated, other configurations are possible. At 940, when the additional pilots have been added to the super frame, timing synchronization, channel estimation, and/or AGC bootstrapping can be performed at respective receiver that acquire such information in an OFDM broadcast.
It will be appreciated that the data store (e.g., memories) components described herein can be either volatile memory or nonvolatile memory, or can include both volatile and nonvolatile memory. By way of illustration, and not limitation, nonvolatile memory can include read only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM), which acts as external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in many forms such as synchronous RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), and direct Rambus RAM (DRRAM). The memory 1008 of the subject systems and methods is intended to comprise, without being limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.
Referring now to
TMTR 1220 receives and converts the stream of symbols into one or more analog signals and further conditions (e.g., amplifies, filters, and frequency up converts) the analog signals to generate a downlink signal suitable for transmission over the wireless channel. The downlink signal is then transmitted through an antenna 1225 to the terminals. At terminal 1230, an antenna 1235 receives the downlink signal and provides a received signal to a receiver unit (RCVR) 1240. Receiver unit 1240 conditions (e.g., filters, amplifies, and frequency down converts) the received signal and digitizes the conditioned signal to obtain samples. A symbol demodulator 1245 demodulates and provides received pilot symbols to a processor 1250 for channel estimation. Symbol demodulator 1245 further receives a frequency response estimate for the downlink from processor 1250, performs data demodulation on the received data symbols to obtain data symbol estimates (which are estimates of the transmitted data symbols), and provides the data symbol estimates to an RX data processor 1255, which demodulates (i.e., symbol de-maps), de-interleaves, and decodes the data symbol estimates to recover the transmitted traffic data. The processing by symbol demodulator 1245 and RX data processor 1255 is complementary to the processing by symbol modulator 1215 and TX data processor 1210, respectively, at access point 1205.
On the uplink, a TX data processor 1260 processes traffic data and provides data symbols. A symbol modulator 1265 receives and multiplexes the data symbols with pilot symbols, performs modulation, and provides a stream of symbols. A transmitter unit 1270 then receives and processes the stream of symbols to generate an uplink signal, which is transmitted by the antenna 1235 to the access point 1205.
At access point 1205, the uplink signal from terminal 1230 is received by the antenna 1225 and processed by a receiver unit 1275 to obtain samples. A symbol demodulator 1280 then processes the samples and provides received pilot symbols and data symbol estimates for the uplink. An RX data processor 1285 processes the data symbol estimates to recover the traffic data transmitted by terminal 1230. A processor 1290 performs channel estimation for each active terminal transmitting on the uplink. Multiple terminals may transmit pilot concurrently on the uplink on their respective assigned sets of pilot subbands, where the pilot subband sets may be interlaced.
Processors 1290 and 1250 direct (e.g., control, coordinate, manage, etc.) operation at access point 1205 and terminal 1230, respectively. Respective processors 1290 and 1250 can be associated with memory units (not shown) that store program codes and data. Processors 1290 and 1250 can also perform computations to derive frequency and impulse response estimates for the uplink and downlink, respectively.
For a multiple-access system (e.g., FDMA, OFDMA, CDMA, TDMA, etc.), multiple terminals can transmit concurrently on the uplink. For such a system, the pilot subbands may be shared among different terminals. The channel estimation techniques may be used in cases where the pilot subbands for each terminal span the entire operating band (possibly except for the band edges). Such a pilot subband structure would be desirable to obtain frequency diversity for each terminal. The techniques described herein may be implemented by various means. For example, these techniques may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination thereof. For a hardware implementation, the processing units used for channel estimation may be implemented within one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), processors, controllers, micro-controllers, microprocessors, other electronic units designed to perform the functions described herein, or a combination thereof. With software, implementation can be through modules (e.g., procedures, functions, and so on) that perform the functions described herein. The software codes may be stored in memory unit and executed by the processors 1290 and 1250.
For a software implementation, the techniques described herein may be implemented with modules (e.g., procedures, functions, and so on) that perform the functions described herein. The software codes may be stored in memory units and executed by processors. The memory unit may be implemented within the processor or external to the processor, in which case it can be communicatively coupled to the processor via various means as is known in the art.
What has been described above includes exemplary embodiments. It is, of course, not possible to describe every conceivable combination of components or methodologies for purposes of describing the embodiments, but one of ordinary skill in the art may recognize that many further combinations and permutations are possible. Accordingly, these embodiments are intended to embrace all such alterations, modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Furthermore, to the extent that the term "includes" is used in either the detailed description or the claims, such term is intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term "comprising" as "comprising" is interpreted when employed as a transitional word in a claim.
Citations de brevets
Citations hors brevets
Référencé par
Événements juridiques
Image d'origine
Faire pivoter


text:
ST. LOUIS, June 19 /PRNewswire/ -- As flooding continues to expand across much of the Midwest, the American Optometric Association (AOA) reminds contact lens wearers to closely follow hygiene and compliance instructions issued by their eye doctor. Higher temperatures combined with standing water can mean an increase in the number of cases of eye infections. In particular, the Acanthamoeba parasite and other micro-organisms can contaminate the lens case and infect the cornea. Water contaminated with Acanthamoeba can come from lakes, rivers, and swimming pools. Acanthamoeba infections are rare, but can be dangerous and threaten a person's vision if not properly detected and treated.
Doctors of optometry recommend that lens wearers take the following precautions to avoid exposing their eyes to Acanthamoeba or other flood-related eye infections:
-- Remove contact lenses prior to entering flood waters or before other water activities including swimming
-- Contact lens wearers who regularly sleep in contact lenses as prescribed should refrain from doing so if exposed to water
-- Always sterilize contact lens cases and wash and dry hands prior to handling lenses
"Contact lenses are among the safest forms of vision correction," said Dr. Louise Sclafani, chair of the AOA's Contact Lens and Cornea Section. "Patients can and should take an active role in protecting themselves from eye infections by carefully following their optometrist's instructions regarding care of contact lenses."
According to the AOA, proper lens hygiene and compliance includes using fresh cleaning or disinfecting solution each time lenses are cleaned and stored. Additionally, most solutions are approved for use without rubbing; however, optometrists are recommending that patients rub their lenses to enhance cleaning for additional safety.
A Food and Drug Administration (FDA) advisory panel met last week to
address contact lens safety and compliance
|SOURCE American Optometric Association
Copyright©2008 PR Newswire.
All rights reserved