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Welcome to the Asheville Symphony Guild's 2014-15 season of Musical Feasts! These feasts are "parties with a purpose" that give us all opportunities to attend very special events while we assist the Guild with its largest annual fundraising effort. Musical Feasts, hosted by Guild members and local businesses, are open to anyone wishing to attend. When making a reservation, please include your email address so you can receive your selected feast information. Reservations are handled on a first-come, first-served basis and can be made by mailing a check, payable to the Asheville Symphony Guild to:
Paul Jelenchick
100 Falling Leaf Lane, Apt. 108
Asheville, NC 28803
For further information, please contact:
Olivia Zahler
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
2014-15 Season of Musical Feasts
September 10 10:00am $55
A Minor Miracle – After a docent-led tour of the historically important Basilica of St. Lawrence, enjoy a luncheon feast in the hundred-year-old Montford home of Ellen and Dave Nutter.
September 16 6:00pm $55
You Just "Knead" DOUGH – Join Chef Brian Ross in his restaurant classroom as he guides you through the preparation of an Italian feast that you will enjoy there in the facility and later replicate at home.
September 22 10:00am $60
A Salute to the Maestro! – Shari and Bob Hayes invite you to their lovely Jack Arnold tudor home for a sumptuous brunch to honor Daniel Meyer on the occasion of his tenth anniversary with the Asheville Symphony Orchestra.
September 27 10:30am $45
Get the Drift of RiverLink – Have you seen all the changes in the French Broad Riverfront area lately? Hop on a trolley and tour the area as Karen Cragnolin describes what's in store. Then proceed to All Souls Pizza for a Saturday pizza lunch buffet.
October 4 5:30 $55 ***SOLD OUT – Wait List available only***
All in the Family – What a wonderful way to welcome fall! Join others at Linda and Tom Bushar's home for a buffet supper followed by the performances of two musical mother/daughter duos.
October 13 11:00 $45
Puppies and Kittens and Strays…Oh My! – Make a new friend at the Asheville Humane Society as you tour this facility for homeless animals and learn about these four-legged friends looking for a home. Afterwards, enjoy an informal lunch in the Community Room.
October 17 5:30pm $60 ***SOLD OUT – Wait List available only***
Appalachian Sunset – The perfect way to spend a glorious fall evening – come to the valley of Beaverdam, listen to Robin Gaiser's dulcimer music, enjoy a gourmet dinner, and revel in the beauty of the historic log cabin.
October 25 7:00pm $75
Something Wicked This Way Comes – A Halloween Party you will always remember! Join Cynthia and Craig Crossman in the world's largest residential monolithic dome home as you are "tricked and treated" to a "frightful" Feast.
November 6 9:20am $50
Beer and Bites – Join Tony Kiss, "The Beer Guy," for a tour of the Citizen-Times building before strolling the streets of downtown Asheville and listening to stories about "Beer City USA." Then enjoy lunch and beer at the Wicked Weed with your host, Rick Guthy.
November 18 11:00am $40 ***SOLD OUT – Wait List available only***
Pulling Out All the Stops – Warren-Wilson Chapel is the home of the Schantz-Angerstein Organ, and you are invited to hear Dr. Steven Williams play and discuss this "king of instruments." Afterwards, partake of an autumn lunch buffet in the Fellowship Hall.
December 10 11:00am $60 ***SOLD OUT – Wait List available only***
Emily Dickinson Unplugged – Celebrate Emily Dickinson's life and birthday as Carol Kessler portrays the New England poet in period costume. Nancy and Buck Bragg invite you to lunch in their spacious fifth-floor Grove Arcade loft for this special event.
January 15 5:30pm $55
Going…Going…Gone! What a way to prepare yourself for the January, 2015 sale at Brunk Auction House! Learn the art of auctioning first-hand from Andrew Brunk and become an experienced, sophisticated auction patron as you enjoy wine and hors d'oeuvres.
January 21 4:00pm $55 ***SOLD OUT – Wait List available only***
Amadeus Uncovered – Join Chip Kaufmann in one of Asheville's historical landmarks, the Beaufort House Inn as he reveals facts about the "unknown" Mozart. You will also learn more of the history of the inn while enjoying drinks and hors d'oeuvres.
February 8 3:00pm $50
Afternoon Tea at Bartók's Retreat – Like many others, Bela Bartók came to Asheville in the 40's to benefit from the mountain air. While he was here, he also wrote his Third Piano Concerto which will be played at the February concert. Enjoy a full English Tea in the Albemarle Inn where Bartok lived and worked one winter.
March 18 11:30am $60
Deconstructing Mozart – David Whitehill again presents his deconstruction of Mozart's Serenade No. 13 for strings in G major accompanied by Nathan Shirley and orchestra musicians. Sit down to an Austrian-inspired lunch at Isa's Bistro and then peruse David's collection of historic musically-inspired letters.
April 8 12:00pm $60 ***SOLD OUT – Wait List available only***
An Invitation to the Past – Innkeepers, Billy Sanders and Michael Griffith, invite you to join them for lunch at the antebellum Reynolds Mansion where local author Micah Hanks will discuss his recent book that unveils many hidden secrets of the historic mansion.
April 26 4:30pm $50 ***SOLD OUT – Wait List available only***
Classics in the Cottage – Jason Posnock describes his two jobs – Concertmaster of ASO and Director of Artistic Planning at Brevard Music Camp. Spend a lovely spring afternoon getting to know him better in Bonnie Snyder's home, a cottage in the National Registry of Historic Places.
April 28 7:00pm $45
Waltzing Through Wein(land) Austria – Once again Josh Spurling opens Table Wine for an informative evening and tasting of quality Austrian wines. Light hors d'oeuvres will be served as you sample the six selected wines.
May 1 6:00pm $100 ***SOLD OUT – Wait List available only***
An Evening at the Cliffs at Walnut Cove – Enjoy a progressive dinner in three Blackthorne Lane homes. Appetizers at the Hanley's will be followed by an entrée at the Bailey home, and then dessert and entertainment close the evening at the Reynolds' home. Spectacular views from these three lovely homes add to your enjoyment of the evening.
May 6 10:00am $45
What Goes Around Comes Around – Recycling is so Asheville! Tour the county landfill and recycling facility and then feast on picnic lunch in the woods at BA and Gary Schenk's home.
Betty Paine will demonstrate recycled artworks as well.
May 12 8:00am $40
Flight of Fancy at Beaver Lake – Marilyn Kolton and Lou Dwarshuis invite you to tour the Beaver Lake Bird Sanctuary on this early morning adventure. Later gather at Nancy and Ron Edgerton's Reynolds Mountain home for brunch.
May 17 3:00pm $60 ***SOLD OUT – Wait List available only***
A Lakeside Picnic in Kenilworth – You are invited to tour John Cram and Matt Chambers' nine-acre lakeside garden, a true work of art. After viewing this spectacular setting, continue to enjoy your surroundings as you feast on a lakeside picnic.
June 13 6:30pm $125 ***SOLD OUT – Wait List available only***
Springtime in the French Countryside – Once again Steve Hageman will delight his guests in a gourmet five-course dinner served in the newly built home of Dawn and Heinz Grohs in The Ramble. What a wonderful way to celebrate spring and close out this year's Musical Feasts!


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Cole Haan Williams II Cap Toe Oxford
Compare at $228.00
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Item # 291870
Lace up the Williams 2 oxford from Cole Haan and know that you'll look sharp! These leather shoes have a stylish cap toe perfect for the guy that wants a classic look with a little flair.
- Leather upper
- Lace-up closure
- Round cap toe
- Leather lining
- Leather lined cushioned footbed
- Synthetic sole for traction
- Imported
- View more Cole Haan
By: percussionista
Location: Houston
March 30, 2015
Great Shoes
"These are very comfy high quality shoes. The sole is leather, with synthetic areas on the toe and heel for traction. They fit as expected and I'm very pleased with them."
By: ShuGy
Location: Nashville
September 05, 2014
Almost Perfect
"Great shoe. Looks great with dark jeans or a light grey suit. Comfortable, but a little tight and stiff - to be expected. Only thing keeping this from a 5-star is they scuff easily, and the price is a little steep for not having a leather sole. Overall a great shoe. Would buy again."
By: Only1KingT
Location: Tallahassee, FL
August 10, 2014
Nice Wear
"This shoe is nice and fits well, although it's a bit snug at first. You will have to break them in for a more comfy fit."
By: Terfoster
Location: Columbus, Ohio
July 28, 2014
Look Great, Need to Break Them In
"I received these shoes very timely - great service! They look great! They are a little stiff, so I am wearing them for a couple of weeks before the event I bought them for."
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Donald Scarinci Bio:
Donald Scarinci is the Founding Partner of Scarinci Hollenbeck. Mr. Scarinci focuses his practice on Municipal Law, School Law, Constitutional Law and Health Care, and business Law.
Mr. Scarinci has achieved a high level of recognition for his work with public entities throughout the state of New Jersey. He has worked with some of the largest New Jersey municipalities and counties, as well as numerous planning and zoning boards, economic development authorities, school boards, utility authorities, and other public sector entities at all levels of municipal, county, regional and state government.
Mr. Scarinci currently serves as Corporation Counsel to the City of Union City and the Town of West New York. He previously served as counsel to the Democratic members of both the Congressional and Legislative Redistricting Commissions in New Jersey. Mr. Scarinci has been designated as a Diplomate in Municipal Law, is an Associate Counsel to the New Jersey League of Municipalities, a Trustee of the Institute of Local Government Attorneys, and was former Counsel to the New Jersey State Assembly.
Mr. Scarinci has lectured and written extensively on subjects including campaign finance reform and municipal law. He is the author of "David Brearley and the Making of the United States Constitution," a historical biography about David Brearley, signer of the Constitution from the State of New Jersey and the first Federal District Court Judge for the District of New Jersey (1789). Mr. Scarinci also authored, "Redistricting and the Politics of Reform," published in 2010. He is both author and editor to the award winning website, "The Constitutional Law Reporter".
Mr. Scarinci is recognized internationally as an authority on medallic art and has written and spoken extensively on the subject. He was appointed by the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States to serve on the Citizens Coinage Advisory Commission, the organization which considers and approves all designs for American coinage. His most recent book "Coin of the Year", Celebrating Three Decades of the Best in Coin Design and Craftsmanship was published in July, 2015.


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Fresh for 2013, the Subrosa Tiro 2013 BMX Bike is ready to go straight out the box.
Fresh for 2013, the Subrosa Tiro 2013 BMX Bike is ready to go straight out the box.
- Frame:
1020 Hi-Tensile Steel – 75 degrees HT / 71 degrees ST / 20.5" TT / 13.75" CS / 8.5" standover height
- Fork:
1020 hi-tensile steel – 35mm offset
- Crankset:
Rant Heat Treated Seamless Tubular 3pc. 8T 175mm Chromoly
- Sprocket:
Subrosa Shield steel
- Bottom Bracket:
Sealed Mid BB
- Gearing:
- Chain:
Rant 1/8"
- Pedals:
Rant Plastic
- Brakes:
Alloy U-brakes w/ Straight Cable and Alloy Lever
- Handlebars:
1020 hi-tensile steel – 7.75" rise / 12 degree degrees / 1 degrees upsweep / 28" wide
- Stem:
Rant alloy front load
- Headset:
1 1/8" threadless headset
- Grips:
Shadow Thirteen
- Rims:
Rant alloy 36H
- Front Hub:
3/8" steel
- Rear Hub:
Rant 14mm Alloy Semi-Sealed Cassette
- Front Tyre:
20 × 2.20
- Rear Tyre:
20 × 2.20
- Seat:
Shadow Solus Slimmer 1pc Seat / Post combo
- Seat Binder:
Slim style alloy
- Weight:
26 lbs
Customer Reviews
|Product no longer available for purchase
We offer a range of delivery services for our UK and International customers. UK Customers can select our FREE standard delivery option on most non bike orders over £20. Or if you're in a hurry you can upgrade to our Next Day, Saturday or Sunday delivery services. You can also use our free Click & Collect service, where you can collect your purchases from a choice of over 50 Evans Cycles stores. International customers can benefit from FREE delivery on most orders and save UK VAT if we are shipping outside of the EU.
Bike build & delivery
UK bike delivery charge includes assembly by our fully trained mechanics, pre-delivery inspection and safety check, packing in our custom bike box, multi-tool and delivery from only £9.99 per bike.Click here to see how we deliver your bike
Standard, Next Day, Saturday & Sunday UK delivery
We offer a FREE standard delivery service on orders over £20, as well as Next Day, Saturday & Sunday delivery options to UK addresses. Click here for more details
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Using our Click & Collect service your order will be delivered to a choice of over 50 Evans Cycles stores nationwide for collection. This service is FREE of charge for all orders. To check store stock and collection times, use the "Check store stock" button above. Click here for more details
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We offer a FREE delivery service on most International orders. Orders delivered outside the EU are exempt from VAT. To calculate the charges for your order simply add products to your basket and proceed through the checkout process, where you will need to enter your delivery details. Our website will present you with the relevant delivery options and the charges for your basket of goods. Click here for more details.
Easy Returns
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KINGSTON, R.I. -- October 13, 2000 -- Corrina Alves of Barrington,
Shirl Johnson of Newport (recently from St. Louis, Mo.) and Weimin
Zhang from East Greenwich are learning to help diverse people get
the information they need to live and thrive.
The three University of Rhode Island graduate students were selected
as Prism Fellows in the Graduate School of Library and Information Studies
(GSLIS) this fall.
While Alves, Johnson, and Zhang work toward a master's degree in URI's
library and information studies, they won't have to worry about paying tuition.
A $232,646 federal grant from the Institute of Museum and Library Services
pays their tuition and fees, and supports each fellow with $17,600 in wages
and stipends.
GSLIS was awarded the grant this summer to recruit students from diverse
backgrounds, support them in a program of study, and involve them in developing
programs to prepare librarians to work with diverse populations. Three additional
Fellows will be selected for the spring semester.
"This project enhances our recruitment of underrepresented graduate
students, and allows us to prepare graduates to play an important role in
library outreach to diverse populations," noted Dr. Winifred Brownell,
dean of URI's College of Arts and Sciences. GSLIS is a school within the
"We live in a society that is rapidly becoming multicultural,"
said W. Michael Havener of Kingston, director of URI's Graduate School
of Library and Information Studies. "In fact, it would be wiser to
say that we are a multicultural society." Havener wrote the grant
with a team of GSLIS faculty members: Naomi Caldwell of Barrington,
Donna Gilton of Peace Dale, and Yan Ma of Kingston. Assistant
Professor/Reference Librarian Mary MacDonald of Wakefield is also
a member of the project team.
"Information empowers. Librarians strive to empower by helping all
people locate information that will meet the needs of life. It is our function
to help people find, evaluate, and use information," said Havener.
"Research tells us that we are most comfortable with people we
know, people who look like us and talk like us. When we are in a setting
where we feel different, we may not fully disclose our needs and get the
information we seek. One of the goals of this project is to increase diversity
within the profession. We are especially interested in training African-Americans,
Asian- Americans, Hispanics, and Native-Americans to be Fellows," the
director said.
The three goals of the grant are:
1. To increase the diversity within the library and information science
2. To prepare a cadre of new information professionals to take leading
roles in bringing information literacy instruction to diverse populations.
3. To create and evaluate a model student support structure that can
be adapted by other schools.
In addition to course work, Prism Fellows are expected to work 10 hours
per week in the Reference Department of the URI Library, work with high
school students during summer 2001, complete field work in a public library,
and attend professional conferences.
The Prism Fellows were required to submit a two-page essay outlining
how the applicant's acceptance as a Fellow would support the project's goals
and explain the applicant's interest in information literacy instruction
and information services to diverse populations.
Requests for more information about the program can be made by e-mailing
firstname.lastname@example.com or by calling Jennifer Legare at 401-874-2878.
For Information: W. Michael Havener, 401-874-4641,
Jan Sawyer, 401-874-2116
Copyright © 1999
University of Rhode Island
more information about this site, contact firstname.lastname@example.com
File last updated: Saturday, February 24, 2001
The University is an affirmative action/equal opportunity
All rights reserved. URL: http://www.uri.edu/news/


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The 25-year-old has been offered a new contract by City, but is ready to leave if they cannot guarantee him regular game time.
He said in the Sunday Mirror: "My contract is up at the end of next season and, although I've already spoken to City and know that they are happy to extend my deal, I've told them I want to see how many games I play this season.
"I don't ever want to leave Manchester City, with the way it's going. But it's one of those where I will have to look at my career and say, 'Are you playing enough?'
"Come the end of the season, I'll do that and, hopefully, I'll have played enough. But it's a decision I'll make from January through to the summer when I see where I'm at.
"I've been at City for 11 years, and I don't see myself anywhere else. But you always have in your mind that playing comes first and that's what I'll look at.
"It's nice that the chairman has said City want me to stay, but, if you ask any footballer, the one thing they want most is to play football.
"I could sign a contract tomorrow and it would make me very rich, but it's not about money - it's about football."
He added: "It's a tough one. I love Manchester City and, even if I was to leave, which I still don't see happening, I'd love to come back here in the future and work for the club in some capacity."


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Articles are provided in which a self-supporting structure formed of natural polymer has a self-adherent, moisture resistant hydroxy-functional polyester on the structure surface. The self-supporting structure preferably is a starch and polyvinyl alcohol blend in an expanded form. The articles typically do not delaminate even when soaked in water, and are biodegradable.
1. An article, comprising:
at least two layers, one of the layers being a self-supporting structure, said one layer including a starch and defining a surface, another of the layers being self-adhered to the surface, the self-adhered layer including an hydroxy-functional polyester having repeating units represented by Formula B: ##STR6## wherein each of R1 and R2 is individually a divalent organic moiety which is predominately hydrocarbon, each R3 is individually hydrogen or lower alkyl, y is a fraction from 0 to 0.5 and x is a fraction from about 0.05 to about 0.4, the self-adhered layer (a) providing moisture resistance thereto when the self-adhered layer is exposed to moisture or (b) providing adhesion for attaching a third layer, if present, with the self-adhered layer being sandwiched between the one layer and the third layer.
2. The article as in claim 1 wherein the starch is gelatinized.
3. The article as in claim 1 wherein the starch of the one layer is expanded.
4. The article as in claim 3 wherein the expanded starch provides compressibility and resiliency to the self-supporting structure.
5. The article as in claim 3 wherein the expanded starch forms a plurality of cells.
6. The article as in claim 4 wherein the surface of the self-supporting structure is adapted to receive foods thereon.
7. The article as in claim 1 wherein the starch includes gelatinized and expanded starch and the self-adhered layer includes an hydroxy-functional polyester with repeating units including Formula D: ##STR7## wherein n is from 10 to 1000.
8. The article as in claim 1 wherein the starch includes gelatinized and expanded starch and the self-adhered layer includes an hydroxy-functional polyester with repeating units including Formula E: ##STR8## wherein n is from 10 to 1000.
9. The article as in claim 1 wherein each of R1 and R2 is individually:
(a) arylene, alkylenearylene, dialkylenearylene, diaryleneketone, diarylenesulfone, diarylenesulfoxide, alkylenecarbonylarylene, alkylenesulfonylarylene, alkylidenediarylene, diarylene oxide, alkyleneoxyarylene, alkylenethioarylene, diarylene sulfide, or diarylenecyanomethane; or
(b) alkylene, dialkyleneketone, dialkylenesulfone, dialkylenesulfoxide, dialkyleneoxide, or dialkylenesulfide.
10. The article as in claim 1 wherein each of R1 and R2 is individually a divalent aromatic moiety selected from the group consisting of m-phenylene, p-phenylene, isopropylidene, diphenylene, biphenylene, biphenylene oxide, methylenediphenylene, biphenylene sulfide, naphthylene, biphenylenecyanomethane, 3,3'-dialkyldiphenylene-isopropylidene, 3,3',4,4'-tetralkyldiphenylene-isopropylidene, and similar alkyl-substituted derivatives of such aromatic moieties.
11. The article as in claim 1 wherein each of R1 and R2 is individually a divalent aliphatic moiety selected from the group consisting of ethylene, propylene, butylene.
12. The article as in claim 1 wherein each of R1 and R2 is a divalent aromatic moiety, an aliphatic hydrocarbon divalent moiety, or an aliphatic heteroatomic moiety wherein the heteroatomic moiety is oxygen, sulfur, imino, sulfonyl, carboxyl, carbonyl, or sulfoxyl.
13. A biodegradable receptacle, useful for holding foods, comprising:
a surface formed of an expanded starch; and
a moisture resistant layer on at least part of the surface, the moisture resistant layer including sufficient of a hydroxy-functional polymer to adhere the layer to the surface part, the hydroxy-functional polymer having the Formula A structure: ##STR9## wherein n is an integer from 10 to 1000, each of R1 and R2 is individually a divalent organic moiety, each R3 is individually hydrogen or lower alkyl, y is a fraction from 0 to 0.5, and x is a fraction from about 0.05 to about 0.4 and each Y and Y' is individually hydrogen or a monovalent organic terminating group.
14. The receptacle as in claim 13 wherein the surface is formed of an expanded starch and polyvinyl alcohol admixture.
15. The receptacle as in claim 13 wherein the moisture resistant layer is formed from a blend of synthetic polymers.
16. The receptacle as in claim 13 wherein said receptacle is compressible and has a compressibility in the range of 0.05 MPa to 1 MPa.
17. The receptacle as in claim 13 wherein the article is resilient, and has an ability to recover at least about 50% of its original shape.
18. The receptacle as in claim 13 wherein the moisture resistant layer is about 1 to about 30 mm thick.
This invention was made with government support Grant Agreement No. 59-3K95-3-126 awarded by the United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service. The government has certain rights in this invention.
The present invention generally relates to disposable articles, and more particularly relates to biodegradable articles having self-supporting structures including natural polymers, which have a self-adherent coating including a hydroxy-functional polyester thereon so as to be resistant against moisture.
Disposable films and expanded (foamed) articles with reduced permeability to water and water vapor are useful for a variety of packaging and agricultural applications, and starch has been suggested as a component for such articles. Starch itself does not make acceptable films, although blends of starch and polyvinyl alcohol have long been known and can be formed into films with good elongation that are quickly dissolved by water. Such films have found applications, for example, as institutional laundry bags since they dissolve in the washing process. Additions to such films of a plasticizer such as glycerol are also known. See, for example, Westhoff et al., Starch-Starke, 31, pp. 163-165 (1979) and Lawton & Fanta, Carbohydrate Polymers, 23, pp. 275-280 (1994). While useful for various applications where water solubility is needed, such starch and polyvinyl alcohol films are soft, have little or no water resistance, and thus are not applicable for uses where greater structural integrity and water resistance are required.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,510,401, inventors Dehennau et al., issued Apr. 23, 1996, discusses the coating of a hydrophilic polymer, such as starch or gelatin, with a film-forming hydrophobic compound. A preferred polymer acting as a coupling agent for such films is a polyolefin modified by grafting maleic anhydride, and of ethylene copolymers and terpolymers containing units derived from maleic anhydride.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,949,145, inventors Otey et al., issued Apr. 6, 1976, describes biodegradable starch-based agricultural mulch films that are completely covered with a water resistant resin coating such as PVC. However, the water-resistant resin coating must be bonded to the starch film to prevent delamination. Accordingly, a bonding agent formed from a polyol and toluene diisocyanate is used to prevent delamination. Thus, both the preferred water resistant coating and the necessary bonding agent are not readily biodegradable so that when they deteriorate in the field there can be, over time, a build-up of synthetic polymers in the soil.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,863,655, inventors Lacourse et al., issued Sep. 5, 1989, describes the disposal problems associated with most presently used packaging materials formed from synthetic polymers. For example, although expanded polystyrene is a resilient, compressible and low density (about 0.25 lb/ft3) protective packaging filler material and performs its protective function well (e.g. as the ubiquitous "peanuts"), it is not biodegradable.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,412,005, issued May 2, 1995, inventors Bastioli et al. describes biodegradable polymeric compositions based on starch and thermoplastic polymers. However, the preferred polymers are water soluble, such as polyvinyl alcohol. Although these films are biodegradable and absorbent, they are not suitable (at least unless laminated to water insoluble films) for water resistant applications.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,095,054, issued Mar. 10, 1992, inventors Lay et al. describes shaped articles from conventional thermoplastic water-insoluble polymers and melted starch. While these blends may be usefully formed into articles for various applications, they are said to retain a surprisingly high degree of disintegration in contact with liquid water, and thus have limited usefulness with applications where moisture resistance is desired.
As a consequence, attempts continue to be made to find starch-based or starch including, self-supporting substrates that can be formed into articles, such as, for example, disposable films or foamed articles, and that have sufficient water-resistance for the intended applications yet which are biodegradable. Such articles further need to be competitive in price with commodity plastics such as polyethylene or polystyrene.
In one aspect of the present invention, an article comprises at least two layers. One of the layers is a self-supporting structure, such as a foam or film that includes a natural polymer. Another of the layers is self-adhered to the structure, and includes a hydroxy-functional polyester.
Representative chemical structures for suitable hydroxy-functional polyesters as a self-adherent layer in practicing this invention are preferably represented by Formula A (where n is 10 to 1000, suitable for providing a desired molecular weight, such as for example a m.w. of about 50,000-100,000). Higher molecular weights are preferred due to higher strength. ##STR1## In Formula A each of R1 and R2 is individually a divalent organic moiety which is predominately hydrocarbon, each R3 is individually hydrogen or lower alkyl, y is a fraction from 0 to 0.5 and x is a fraction from about 0.05 to about 0.4. Typically Y is hydrogen or glycidyl and Y' is glycidyl arylene ether, glycidyl alkyene ester, glycidyl alkylene ether or glycidyl arylene ester.
Suitable polyesters have repeating units represented by Formula B (where each of R1, R2, R3, x, and y are as defined above). ##STR2##
The hydroxy-functional polyesters of Formula A have been found to be surprisingly adherent to surfaces formed from or based on natural polymers, such as starches. This is particularly surprising in view of the fact that other aliphatic polyesters with low water absorption are known and have been used as coatings for natural polymers such as starch, yet adherence in such prior known coatings has been poor. As a consequence, adequate adhesion has only been achieved by special treatments for the starch surface, such as adding an adhesive agent before coating with polyester. (See, for example, PCT application WO 90/01043, published Jul. 13, 1989, inventors Tomka et al.) By contrast, use of the Formula A hydroxy-functional polyesters as the self-adhered layer (or sufficient of the hydroxy-functional polyesters in polymer blends) on natural polymer based films results in articles that do not delaminate even when soaked in water and stretched. The hydroxy-functional polyesters or polyester and other polymer blends can optionally include a plasticizer.
The self-adherent coating formed by hydroxy-functional polyester may define the exterior of the so-coated structure, in which case it provides substantial water resistance for the article. However, the synthetic polymer layer may itself be sandwiched between, and adherently join, the natural polymer based structure with another layer or structure so as to form a laminate of three or more layers.
The self-supporting structure (which may be, for example, a film or an expanded article) defines a surface on which the just described hydroxy-functional polyester is adherently carried. This surface includes a natural polymer, most preferably starch. The preferred starch is derived from a gelatinized starch or a gelatinized modified starch. By "modified" is meant that the starch can be derivatized or modified by typical processes known in the art (e.g. esterification, etherification, oxidation, acid hydrolysis, crosslinking and enzyme conversion). Thus, for example, a modified starch may be a starch ester, a starch ether, or a crosslinked starch. Conventional modifications of starch are described in publications such as Starch: Chemistry and Technology, 2d edition, editor Whistler et al., and Starch Derivatives: Production and Uses, Rutenberg et al., Academic Press, Inc., 1984.
FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of a foam tray such as may be composed of the layers of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-section of the FIG. 1 tray, showing three layers as a laminate; and
FIG. 3 graphically illustrates an embodiment of the invention being subjected to stretch and that does not delaminate up to the point of breakage.
Broadly, the invention is a biodegradable article having at least two layers. One of the layers is a self-supporting structure. That is to say, the structure has sufficient structural integrity so as to be physically manipulated in and used for the desired applications. For example, where the self-supporting structure is a film, the film can be used for various applications such as packaging and in agricultural applications (e.g. mulch films), will thus typically be flexible and have sufficient thickness to act as a barrier, which may be a thickness of as little as 5-20 μm Other contemplated self-supporting structures are those in which articles have been expanded to be resilient, compressible, low density articles. For example, molded articles suitable for containing take-out foods are one of the preferred applications, and FIG. 1 illustrates a tray for such an article, although preferred expanded, or foam, structures can be formed in substantially any shape or size desired. Particularly preferred expanded articles are resilient, and preferably have a resiliency (that is the ability to recover an original shape) of at least about 50%, more preferably 60%. Further, preferred expanded articles are compressible with a desired compressibility in the range of about 50-1000 gm/cm3 (0.05 MPa to 1 MPa).
Referring to FIG. 2, the self-supporting structure in foam form is illustrated as interior layer 12. Adherently carried on the surface of structure 12 is a hydroxy-functional polyester shown as layer 14. This polyester layer 14 will normally be on the order of about 1-30 μm thick, since there is no need to have more than about 40 μm thickness to achieve the two primarily desired properties: adherency to structure 12 and moisture resistance. In the particularly preferred embodiment shown by FIGS. 1 and 2, a third layer, or structure, 16 is carried on and adhered to article 10 via layer 14. This third layer 16 may be desired for reasons of even further increased resistance to moisture, to heat, or to both moisture and heat.
The structure 12 includes a natural polymer. This structure can be entirely formed of a natural polymer such as gelatinized starch, but preferably will include one or more additional components, as will be discussed hereinafter. Other suitable natural polymers include various forms of cellulose. For example, self-adherent, moisture resistant coatings have been formed on a wide variety of papers, including bond paper that includes a high rag (cotton) content.
Suitable Hydroxy-Functional Polyesters
As will be understood, the just described self-supporting structure will define the surface on which a hydroxy-functional polyester is adhered. This surface can comprise all or only a portion of the total exterior surface of the self-supporting structure, since the desired properties due to the hydroxy-functional polyester layer may not be needed for the entire surface. The hydroxy-functional polyester layer can be applied (and self-adheres to) the desired surface by substantially any application technique, including brushing, dipping, spraying, compression molding, coextruding, and hot roll laminating.
Suitable biodegradable, water insoluble, synthetic polymers for forming the adherent, moisture resistant layer include hydroxy-functional polyesters, which may be prepared from base-catalyzed nucleophilic addition of suitable acids to epoxies. This reaction generates both an ester linkage and a pendent hydroxyl group. Transesterification and cross linking reactions are eliminated through use of quaternary ammonium halide salts as initiators for the reaction of diacids with diglycidyl ethers, providing convenient preparation of high molecular weight, thermoplastic, hydroxy-functional polyesters in ether solvents at temperatures from 80� C.-160� C. The preparation and structures for such hydroxy-functional polyesters suitable in practicing this invention may be as described by U.S. Pat. No. 5,171,820, inventors Mang and White, issued Dec. 15, 1992, which is hereby incorporated in its entirety by reference.
Data provided by the Dow Chemical Company (manufacturer of hydroxy-functional polyesters such as described by U.S. Pat. No. 5,171,820) indicates the biodegradable nature of these polymers through the ability of various soil bacteria (such as Pseudomonas putida) to use the synthetic polymers as a substrate for cell culture growth.
Representative structures for suitable hydroxy-functional polyesters in practicing this invention are preferably represented by Formula A (where n is a whole number from 10 to 1000 and is chosen so as to provide a sufficient molecular weight, such as for example a m.w. of about 50,000-100,000). Higher molecular weights are preferred due to higher strength. ##STR3## In Formula A each of R1 and R2 is individually a divalent organic moiety which is predominately hydrocarbon, each R3 is individually hydrogen or lower alkyl, y is a fraction from 0 to 0.5 and x is a fraction from about 0.05 to about 0.4. Typically Y is hydrogen or glycidyl and Y' is glycidyl arylene ether, glycidyl alkyene ester, glycidyl alkylene ether or glycidyl arylene ester.
Thus, suitable polyesters have repeating units represented by Formula B (where each of R1, R2, R3, x, and y are as defined above). ##STR4##
Particularly preferred such polyesters are prepared from diglycidyl esters of an aliphatic diacid such as adipic due to the ready availability and reasonable price for adipic acid as a source of reactant. Other particularly preferred polyesters may be prepared from dihydric phenols, such as hydroquinone.
Four particularly preferred hydroxy-functional polyesters, used extensively to illustrate (but not to limit) the present invention, are sometimes hereinafter designated "BIS CHD," "BIS Adipic," "HQ DDCA" and "BIS DDCA." Repeating unit structures for these four illustrative hydroxy-functional polyesters are illustrated by Formulas C-F and several of their properties of interest for the invention are summarized in Table A. ##STR5##
In the Formulas C-F, "n" preferably is as earlier described.
As shown in Table A, several of the preferred hydroxy-functional polyesters have a relatively low Tg. When applying the hydroxy-functional polyester layer, some melting of the polymer will be necessary to adhere onto the surface of the self-supporting structure. As will be understood, the choice of particular pressures and temperatures to provide at least some melting so as to adhere the layer to the surface will be empirically determined according to processing needs and the components selected, and thus will vary.
TABLE A______________________________________Hydroxy-FunctionalPolyester Components Tg(�C.)______________________________________BIS CHD 66BIS Adipic 45HQ DDCA 10BIS DDCA 20______________________________________
The hydroxy-functional polyester layer may include other components, such as, for example, a plasticizer, other synthetic polymers, or polyols such as PVOH. Inclusion of a plasticizer may be desired for purposes of improving flexibility and/or processibility. When present, the plasticizer may be in amounts with respect to the hydroxy-functional polyester of about 1 to 5 wt. %. Suitable plasticizers include, for example, citric acid esters, polyethylene glycols, glycol esters, phthalic esters, and the like.
Natural Polymers
Among the natural polymers suitable and preferred for forming a structure with sufficient structural integrity to be considered self-supporting (be it in the form of a film or another form such as an expanded article) is starch. Starches are preferred for use as the natural polymers, particularly due to ready availability and low cost. Starch is a low-cost and abundant natural polymer composed of amylose and amylopectin. Amylose is essentially a linear polymer having a molecular weight in the range of 100,000-500,000, whereas amylopectin is a highly branched polymer having a molecular weight of up to several hundred million. Unmodified, natural starches are obtained in granular form and may be derived from cereals or grains (such as corn, wheat, rice and sorghum), roots (such as cassava), legumes (such as peas), and tubers such as potato and canna. While less preferred, flours whose contents are predominately starch, and which may also contain protein, oil and fiber, are operative in the invention.
When starch is said to be "gelatinized" it has melted and lost its crystalline state. The starch molecules have taken on a random, disordered configuration and the starch chains have become entangled.
Derivatized (modified) starches are also suitable for use in preparing self-supporting structures. By "derivatized starches" is meant to include starches which have been chemically treated so as to form starch esters, starch ethers, and crosslinked starches. By "modified" is meant that the starch can be derivatized or modified by typical processes known in the art (e.g. esterification, etherification, oxidation, acid hydrolysis, cross-linking and enzyme conversion). Typically, modified starches include esters, such as the acetate ester of dicarboxylic acids/anhydrides. Particularly useful are the alkenyl-succinic acids, and hydrides, ethers (such as the hydroxyethyl and hydroxypropyl starches), starches oxidized with hypochlorite, starches reacted with cross-linking agents such as phosphorus oxychloride, epichlorhydrin, hydrophobic cationic epoxides, and phosphate derivatives prepared by reaction with sodium or potassium orthophosphate or tripolyphosphate and combinations thereof. These and other conventional modifications of starch are described in publications such as Starch: Chemistry and Technology, 2d edition, editor Whistler et al., and Starch Derivatives: Production and Uses, Rutenberg et al., Academic Press, Inc. 1984.
For example, starch esters may be prepared using a wide variety of anhydrides, organic acids, acid chlorides, or other esterification reagents. Examples of anhydrides are acetic, propionic, butyric, and so forth. Further, the degree of esterification can vary as desired, such as from one to three per glucosidic unit of the starch, or as appropriate given the number of hydroxyl groups in the monomeric unit of the natural polymer, if selected to be other than starch. Similar or different esterified natural polymers, with varying degrees of esterification, can be blended together for practicing the invention. Although esterified starches are stable to attack by amylases, in the environment the esterified starches are attached by microorganisms secreting esterases which hydrolyze the ester linkage.
Starch esters tend to be hydrophobic in contrast to starch raw materials (that is, derived by usual techniques from natural sources such as corn). Thus, depending upon the particular application, one may prefer to choose an hydrophobic starch ester rather than a hydrophilic starch in formulating compositions of the invention.
Where the natural polymer structure is expanded, then typically such expanded article has been produced as an extrudate. Extrudates typically are claimed to have substantially closed cell structures, although some recent work suggests open cell structures can occur, but in any event the structures have good resilience and compressibility. Expansion, or foaming, is achieved from precursor compositions that include an expansion agent and that are in molten form. Precursor foam compositions will typically be processed in a suitable apparatus, such as a single screw extruder or a twin screw extruder as are well known in the food science field. Food extruders can be regarded as high temperature, short time reactors, in which granule starch having a moisture content of roughly 10-25% is first compressed into a dense, compact solid and then is converted into a molten, amorphous mass by the high pressure, heat, and mechanical sheer forces encountered during processing. Starch extrudates tend to expand upon exiting the extruder die. Preparation of such foamed substrates suitable in practicing this invention is described, for example, by Tiefenbacher, Karl F., "Starch-Based Foamed Materials--Use and Degradation Properties," J. M. S.--Pure Appl. Chem., A30 (9&10), pp. 727-731 (1993).
While water is a typical expansion agent, U.S. Pat. No. 5,252,271, inventor Jeffs, issued Oct. 12, 1993, describes compositions for forming expanded products that include mild acid and a carbonate source so that the releasing carbon dioxide serves as the expansion agent. Nitrogen or other appropriate agents for the expansion may also be used.
In addition to inclusion of an expansion agent, precursor foam compositions may include various other components known to the art. For example, among known components for compositions to be expanded are nucleating agents, which can improve the uniformity of cells formed during expansion and which tend to make the cells smaller. Suitable nucleating agents are well known to the art and include, for example, talc, silicon dioxide, amorous silicates, spray-dried silicon, calcium carbonate, boron nitride, and the like.
Another suitable optional material for inclusion into foams is a plasticizer (in addition to the gelatinizing agent as already discussed). A plasticizer can be added to precursor foam compositions to achieve greater material processability and product flexibility. Examples of biodegradable plasticizers include various esters, such as phthalate esters, and various other biodegradable esters known in the chemical arts.
Where the natural polymer base self-supporting structure is a film, then again the precursor composition will typically be processed in a suitable apparatus, such as a single screw extruder or a twin screw extruder.
When one uses a single screw extruder, then normally the precursor film composition will have the starch already gelatinized. A precursor film composition in which the starch component is to be gelatinized will typically have water present in a range of about 25 wt. % to 30 wt. % with respect to total composition. Water, of course, is the usual liquid in which starch is gelatinized and its role in the gelatinization can be viewed as one of plasticizer. While water is preferred, other gelatinizing agents, or plasticizers, can be used, for example, such as urea or glycerol.
Precursor film compositions can be melt processed into films using either cast or blown film extrusion methods, both of which are described in "Plastics Extrusion Technology--2nd. Ed." by Allan A. Griff (van Nostrand Reinhold, 1976). Cast film is extruded through a linear slot die. Typically, the flat web is cooled on a large moving polished metal roll. It quickly cools, and peels of this first roll passes over one or more auxiliary cooling rolls, then through a set of rubber-coated pull or "haul-off" rolls, and finally to a winder.
In blown film extrusion, the melt is extruded upward through a thin annular die opening. This process is also referred to as tubular film extrusion. Air is introduced through the center of the die to inflate the tube and causes it to expand. A moving bubble is thus formed which is held at constant size by control of internal air pressure. The tube of film is cooled by air blown through one or more chill rings surrounding the tube. The tube is next collapsed by drawing it into a flattening frame through a pair of pull rolls and into a winder.
Structures that include a natural polymer such as starch may preferably also include a polyol such as polyvinyl alcohol, because starch by itself has poor strength and flexibility properties. Blends of starch and polyvinyl alcohol have long been known and are commercially available as films with good elongation properties. Typical ranges of starch and polyvinyl alcohol blends are where starch is present in a range of about 40 wt. % to about 90 wt. %.
Aspects of the invention will now be illustrated, without intending any limitation, by the following examples.
Solutions of hydroxy-functional polyesters suitable for use as the self-adherent layers and to form moisture resistant coatings in practicing the invention were prepared, three of which are indicated below by the acronyms "HQ-DDCA," "BIS Adipic," and "BIS CHD." These solutions were 10 wt. % of the noted hydroxy-functional polyester in tetrahydrofuran. Two comparative polyesters were similarly dissolved in appropriate solvents. These were poly(lactic acid) and polyhydroxybutyrate-co-valerate, designated by the acronyms "PLA" and "PHBV," respectively. Films formed either entirely of starch or by about equal amounts of starch and PVOH, and having a thickness of about 50 μm, were then coated with solutions of the different polyesters by brushing, spraying, and/or dipping. After having applied the synthetic polymers to the substrate surfaces, the solvents were removed by applying a stream of air. The ease of removing the coatings from the films was determined first in a dry condition by pulling by hand and alternatively after soaking the films in water for 15 minutes, then 30 minutes, and again attempting to pull off the coatings. Table 1 summarizes the results.
TABLE 1______________________________________ Ease of Coating Removal After Water Dry Soaking______________________________________Inventive Coated Film Embodiments1 (HQ-DDCA/Starch & PVOH Film) Difficult Difficult2 (BIS Adipic/Starch & PVOH Film) Difficult Difficult3 (BIS CHD/Starch & PVOH Film) Difficult Difficult4 (BIS Adipic/Starch Film) Somewhat Difficult EasyComparative Coated Films5 (PLA/Starch & PVOH Film) Easy Easy6 (PHBV/Starch & PVOH Film) Easy Easy______________________________________
As seen by the summarized results of Table 1, it was at least somewhat difficult to remove these coatings from the inventively coated film embodiments in the dry condition, and remained difficult in three instances. In the fourth inventive example, the film that was entirely starch permitted easy removal after water soaking. Thus, the adhesion to the starch and PVOH film blends were greater than in the case of all starch films, which is one reason for preferring structures (be they film, foam or another form) that are starch blends. By contrast, the comparative coated films (both comprising a blend of starch and polyvinyl alcohol) had the other polyesters easily removed even in the dry state. Thus, the comparative PLA and PHBV polyesters were not well adhered to the self-supporting starch blend films, whereas the hydroxy-functional polyesters on films of the invention were well adhered.
Turning to FIG. 3, data from an inventive embodiment with BIS Adipic coated onto a starch/PVOH blend in a "dog-bone" form is illustrated. Measurements were taken on an Instron testing machine as the dog-bone specimen was subjected to being pulled. The inventive embodiment did not delaminate. The specimen failed (pulled apart) before delamination had occurred. By contrast, a comparative dog-bone specimen was prepared having poly(lactic acid) coated onto the same starch/PVOH blend substrate. When subjected to the same pulling test, the comparative specimen delaminated before a displacement of 600 was achieved (and thus before the starch/PVOH substrate itself have pulled apart).
More polyester solutions were prepared, all of which were hydroxy-functional polyesters suitable for use in the invention. Two of these were coated on starch based foam trays (such as are used for serving fast foods). Foam trays made of starch would not normally be suitable for applications where there is exposure to moisture; however, the hydroxy-functional polyester coatings not only adhered extremely well, but also conveyed substantial water resistance to the so-coated trays. Three more different types of substrates were also coated, which illustrate that different types of natural polymers are suitable substrates in practicing the invention.
As seen by the summarized results of Table 2, all these inventive embodiments 7-11 had well adhered coatings.
TABLE 2______________________________________ Ease of Coating Removal After Water Dry Soaking______________________________________Inventive Coated Foam Trays7 (HQ-DDCA/Starch Tray) Difficult Difficult8 (BIS Adipic/Starch Tray) Difficult DifficultInventive Coated Substrates9 (BHPF-CHD/Bond Paper) Could not remove Difficult10 (BHPF-CHD/Manila Folder) Could not remove Difficult11 (BHPF-CHD/Box Board) Could not remove Difficult______________________________________
Films were prepared by mixing 41% starch, 41% PVOH, 15% glycerol, and 3% poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid), which mixtures were steam jet cooked. The mass exiting the jet cooker was about 90% water. This material was cast with a doctor blade onto casting plates and the water allowed to evaporate to provide self-supporting films. Tensile specimens were stamped from the film. Some specimens were coated by dipping into various hydroxy-functional polyesters dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10% wt/wt). This organic solvent was then allowed to evaporate to leave the specimens coated with the polyesters. The uncoated films were used as a control. Inventive embodiments and control were measured for tensile strength after equilibration at 23� C. and 50% relative humidity. They were then soaked in water first for 15 minutes and then for 30 minutes. The results are summarized by Table 3.
TABLE 3______________________________________ Tensile Strength, MPa 15 Min. No Water Water 30 Min. Water Immersion Immersion Immersion______________________________________Inventive Coated FilmEmbodients12 (BIS Adipic on Starch and 23.4 15.8 13.4 PVOH Film)13 (HQ-DDCA on Starch and 22.7 18.8 17.5 PVOH Film)14 (BIS CHD on Starch and 13.9 16.8 9.3 PVOH Film)Control15 (No Coating on Starch and 27.9 0.4 Had Fallen PVOH Film) Apart______________________________________
As seen by the results of Table 3 summarized above, the uncoated control film had an initial higher tensile strength than the inventive embodiment, but after a 15 minute water immersion the uncoated film was swelling (it had almost doubled) and was beginning to disintegrate. After 30 minutes of water immersion, the control film had disintegrated. By contrast, the inventive embodiments maintained good tensile strength after 15 minutes and even after a 30 minute water immersion continued to have reasonable tensile strength. None of the inventive articles 12-14 delaminated even after a 30 minute water immersion.
The same films as described in Example 4 were then stretched. Results of elongation measurements are summarized by Table 4.
TABLE 4______________________________________ Elongation % 15 Min. No Water Water 30 Min. Water Immersion Immersion Immersion______________________________________Inventive Coated FilmEmbodiments12 (BIS Adipic on Starch and 270 319 312 PVOH Film)13 (HQ-DDCA on Starch and 130 223 232 PVOH Film)14 (BIS CHD on Starch and 218 311 351 PVOH Film)Control15 (No Coating on Starch and 205 126 154 PVOH Film)______________________________________
As seen by the results summarized by Table 4, the inventively coated film embodiments 12-14 generally increased in elongation properties after 15 minute immersion. By contrast, the uncoated control lost half of the elongation percent property after 15 minute water immersion. Further, the inventive coated film embodiments 12-14 did not delaminate even after soaking and being stretched. This further illustrates the remarkable self-adherency of coated films in accordance with this invention.
Compression molded films of various of the hydroxy-functional polymers were prepared by compressing powders of the materials between Teflon-coated metal sheets in a Carver Press. Depending upon the particular hydroxy-functional polyester, temperatures of 100� C. to 180� C. and pressures of 1000 lbs. to 9000 lbs. were used to compression mold the synthetic resins into films. These films had thicknesses of 4 mil to 10 mil. Comparison compression films, analogous to those of the inventive embodiments but composed of PHBV and PLA, were similarly prepared. These compression molded films were then coated onto various substrates. For example, in Table 5#20 was an inventive embodiment in which BIS Adipic was on (adhered to) a starch and PVOH blend film for direct comparison with comparative articles 22 and 23 where two separate synthetic polymers (not of the invention) were similarly on the same type of starch and PVOH blended film. Coating was accomplished by placing the films on one or both sides of the selected substrates, then placing the assembly between metal plates in a Carver press and compressing at elevated temperature and pressure. The so-compressed articles were then examined for adherence of the particular polyester to the substrate. Table 5 summarizes the data of these compression molded adherence studies.
TABLE 5______________________________________ Ease of Removal from Substrate______________________________________Inventive Compression Molded Embodiments16 BIS Adipic Adhered to PVOH Film Impossible, Films Compressed into One17 BIS Adipic Adhered to PHBV Film Impossible, Films Compressed into One18 BIS Adipic Adhered to Cellulose Acetate Film Impossible, Films Compressed into One19 BIS Adipic Adhered to PLA Film Impossible, Films Compressed into One20 BIS Adipic Adhered to Starch and PVOH Film Difficult21 BIS Adipic on Starch Tensile Bar DifficultComparative Compression Molded Articles22 PVBV on Starch and PVOH Film Easy23 PLA on Starch and PVOH Film Easy______________________________________
As shown by the results summarized in Table 5, inventive compression molded embodiments were so firmly adhered, or laminated, one layer to the other that the hydroxy-functional polyester layers were difficult to impossible to remove. By contrast, for the comparison compression molded articles, removal was easy. In particular, a comparison between the inventive embodiment 20 and the comparative articles 22 and 23 shows the self-adherent nature of hydroxy-functional polymers of the invention when compared with the two illustrated synthetic polyesters for comparison.
Blown films were prepared from hydroxy-functional polyesters, some of which contained Estaflex (containing citric acid) as plasticizer. These were processed as blown films on a Brabender PL 2000 torque rheometer fitted with a one inch blown film die. Blown films had a lay flat width of 3-6 inches. Pieces of the films were then laminated onto various substrates and the adherence to the substrate determined. Films composed of either all BIS Adipic or 5 wt. % BIS Adipic and 5 wt. % plasticizer were laminated onto substrates (such as starch and PVOH films or boxboard). It was difficult to impossible to separate the two layers from each other.
Extrusion blown films of BIS Adipic and HQ-DDCA were prepared as in Example 7. Sections of film measuring about 6 inches by 8 inches were positioned onto starch-based foam trays such that the entire upper surface was covered by the film. The trays were placed back in the tray mold, heated to 100� C. (which was higher than necessary, but done for convenience), the film was covered with Teflon coated foil to prevent sticking to mold, and the tray mold was closed for 1 minute. The tray was removed after 1 minute, cooled, and the Teflon coated foil removed. Both the film of BIS Adipic and the film of HQ-DDCA adhered well to the trays and could not be removed. The starch-based foam beneath the laminated films remained dry even when 100 ml of water was added to each tray and left sitting for hours.
Extrusion blown BIS Adipic and HQ-DDCA films were evaluated for their ability to form an adhesive layer between a third layer (a film of PHBV) and a starch foam tray surface. Sections of films about 6 inches by 8 inches were prepared. On one tray a section of BIS Adipic film was placed on the upper surface of the tray and a film of PHBV was placed over this film. On a second tray a section of HQ-DDCA film was placed on the upper surface and a section of PHBV placed on top of this film. Each tray was then placed in the heated tray mold set at 100� C. and the mold was closed for 30 seconds. Upon removal of the trays, the third, or outer layer, of PHBV film was adhered very tightly to the hydroxy-functional polyester films, which were adhered very tightly to the foam trays. The films could not be separated from the tray without removing portions of starch from the tray. Thus, the hydroxy-functional polyester layer served to adhere both the starch foam structure and the outermost PHBV layer in a laminated form, with the hydroxy-functional polyester sandwiched between. In the absence of the BIS Adipic or HQ-DDCA films, films of PHBV could not be made to adhere to the starch foam trays.
Such a triple layer, laminated structure maybe desirable for certain applications since the outermost, or exterior, layer of a polymer such as PHBV has a higher melting temperature and is even more moisture resistant than the hydroxy-functional polyester used. This example thus illustrates multiple layer structures of the invention having extremely good heat resistance and moisture resistance.
Use of a hydroxy-functional polyester as an adhesive layer between polymers, preferably other biodegradable polyesters, was exemplified in a manner similar to Example 9 but where instead of PHBV were used either PLA, polycaprolactone, another synthetic polyester termed "BIONOLLE" (Showa High Polymer Co., Japan), and yet another synthetic polyester-co-polyamide, available from Bayer as "Bak 1095." Good adherence was provided in all cases by the hydroxy-functional polyester to both layers between which it was sandwiched.
Blends of hydroxy-functional polyesters with other materials were prepared. These blends were in a 50/50 proportion and were blended as powders. All three blends used BIS Adipic. The first blend was with PVOH. The second blend was with PHBV (containing 18% valerate). The third blend was with another hydroxy-functional polyester (BIS CHD). Compression molding of these blends at 5000 psi and 180� C. for 5 minutes provided films, sections of which were laminated on a starch foam tray, as described by Example 8. Upon cooling, each of the inventive articles had the self-adherent layer (including 50 wt. % or more hydroxy-functional polyester) so tightly adhered to the foam surface that removal was not possible without removing some of the foam surface.
Two articles of the invention were prepared and compared to a third article. Thus, to prepare the inventive articles, CHD and BIS Adipic films were laminated onto preformed starch-PVOH films with a Hot Roll Laminator (ChemInstrument, Fairfield, Ohio). Films were laminated at 325� F. using the slow speed for BIS Adipic and at 400� F. for BIS CHD. To keep the films from sticking to the hot roll, the films were laminated between two sheets of Teflon coated aluminum foil. Films were allowed to equilibrate at 50% relative humidity and 73� F. for three days. The laminated films were then pulled off the starch-PVOH films using a modified T-peel test, ASTM method D 1876-93. By the same techniques, the comparative article used PCL as film laminated onto preformed starch-PVOH film. Results showed that the inventive articles with BIS Adipic had a 10 fold greater adhesion to the starch-PVOH film with respect to the comparative PCL, and that the inventive BIS CHD article had a 2 fold increase in adhesion to the starch-PVOH with respect to comparative PCL.
Preformed starch foam trays were coated with different blends including or consisting of hydroxy-functional polyesters. One blend had equal parts of two hydroxy-functional polyesters. In another, the layers included 50 wt. % of BIS Adipic and 50 wt. % of the synthetic polymer PHBV. In a third blend, 50 wt. % of BIS Adipic and 50 wt. % PVOH was used. Each blend was prepared by processing in a Brabender 2000 plasticorder (extruder) fitted with a dispersive screw and a one inch by 0.02 inch slit die. Temperatures in the four zones of the extruder barrel were 150� C., 170� C., 170� C., and 160� C. for the BIS Adipic/BIS CHD and the BIS Adipic/PHBV blend and were 180� C., 200� C., 200� C., and 200� C. for the BIS Adipic/PVOH blend. Extruded ribbons of the three blends were then conditioned at 50 RH and 23� C. for two days.
Strips from these extruded ribbons of about 4 inches in length were then placed on the upper surfaces of the preformed starch foam trays and covered with Teflon coated foil. The trays were then placed in a tray mold preheated to 180� C. (for each of the first two blends) and to 200� C. for the BIS Adipic/PVOH blend. The molds were closed for two minutes and then the trays were removed. After the trays had cooled, the Teflon coated foils were removed and adherence of the strips to the tray surfaces was evaluated by attempting to remove each of the various film blend strips from the trays. It was impossible to remove the films without removing portions of starch from the trays.
Thermoformed trays suitable as substrates on which a self-adherent hydroxy-functional polyester layer is applied in accordance with the invention were prepared as follows. Formulations of cornstarch (85-95%), Bis Adipic polyester (5-15%), and talc (0.5-1%) were prepared and moisture adjusted to about 17%. These compositions were processed in a Wenger TX-52 Twin Screw Extruder fitted with a slit die of 0.3 mm�6 mm. The extrudates of the various compositions were expanded ribbons of about 25-30 mm in width and 10-12 mm in thickness. Sections of the ribbons about 25 cm in length were placed across a mold cavity configured to produce a tray of width 130 mm, length 215 mm, depth 20 mm and a thickness of about 3 mm. The ribbons extended beyond the width and length of the mold cavity. The mold was heated to 100� C. and the mold was closed for about 10 seconds. Upon opening the mold, the foam ribbons had become compressed and rigid and had assumed the shape of the mold cavity. The rigidity of the thermoformed ribbons increased with increasing polyester content. Films having either BIS Adipic or CHD were then placed onto these thermoformed ribbons and the laminates returned to the molds, heated to 100� C. and the molds closed for about 10 seconds. The resulting laminates in accordance with the invention were actually melted into the surface of the ribbons and could not be separated from the foam ribbon surfaces. This example illustrates the preparation of very moisture resistant, thermoformed articles.
It is to be understood that while the invention has been described above in conjunction with preferred specific embodiments, the description and examples are intended to illustrate and not limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the scope of the appended claims.
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updated: 1/30/2008 3:44:37 PM
The Indiana Senate has approved a bill that would create new provisions for women returning to work after a maternity leave. The legislation would require any business with 25 or more employees to make a reasonable effort to provide a private place for an employee to pump breast milk for her child. It also requires the business to provide some form of refrigeration to store the milk.
Source: Inside INdiana Business
Press Release
Indianapolis, Ind. -- State Senator Vi Simpson (D-Ellettsville) successfully presented a bill before the Senate this week aimed at helping mothers who return to work after maternity leave. Senate Bill (SB) 219, a proposal to ensure breastfeeding mothers� right to take care of their health needs while at work, was approved by a vote of 47-1.
�Breastfeeding is a natural, efficient way for mothers to provide for their children,� said Simpson. �In Indiana, 63% of women begin breastfeeding at birth. That rate decreases to 30 percent after three months, mostly due to mothers returning to the workforce. By ensuring women will have the support of their employers to pump breast milk at work, we are hoping the 30percent rate increases.�
SB 219 would require any business with 25 or more employees to make a reasonable effort to provide a private place for an employee to express breast milk for her child and to provide some form of refrigeration to store the milk.
Simpson also noted SB 219 would benefit employers. Women with infants are the fastest growing section of the labor force, and breastfeeding typically causes lower healthcare costs for mother and child. Providing time and private space for a mother to express breast milk will also reduce absentee rates and improve the ability of an employer to retain employees.
The bill will now be sent to the House for consideration
For more information on Senator Simpson, her legislative agenda or other State Senate business call 1-800-382-9467 or visit www.senatedemocrats.in.gov.
Source: Indiana Senate Democratic Caucus


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Hi, I'm Eva, and I guess it's about time I introduced myself
I live in a town called Orsa in Sweden. I'm married and a SAHM with my teenage son. We live in a house we bought almost a year ago. Owning your home is sure lot to learn in the beginning! To the family also belong 2 Siamese cats and 1 turtle. Besides digiscrap I love to read, knit, crochet, cook and watch movies.
I've been a subscriber to the store's newsletter for a while now, but what brought me out of lurkdom was the NDC. I'm giving it a go, just cuz I love creating
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Hey everyone! I just wanted to make this group because it seems like everyone is older than me! I am 20, married, and TTC. We are still waiting on our BFP and AF is due on Nov. 7. This is my first! Hopefully us young ladies can discuss our pregnancies here! Anyone else have thier first pregnancy?
Moms ages 20-25
I will be 24 in feb and this is my third! We have been best friends for 10 years, together for 5, and married for over 3. I had my oldest way too young but wouldnt trade him for the world. My DH is 27 and this is his second biological child. We are very excited and were TTC for 3 months. With our 3 yr old it took us 11 months of TTC to get pregnant and we are really happy it didnt take that long again.
*~Ashley + DH David = DS1 Jaiden(7.5)10-23-05 DS2 David Jr(3.5)10-04-09 DS3 Xavier EDD 7/14/13~*
hi everyone! im amber and i am 24. i have been with my husband 10 yrs married for 6! i hve two boys and hoping for team pink since this is it for us!
Married to Matt 6/2/06
Owen 10/17/07, Ben 5/3/10, And Rosalie 7/6/13
Mommy to Coraline <3
I was due for AF yesterday and she still isn't here, testing tomorrow for my birthday!
Who's going to tell people straight away & who's going to wait?
My name is Ashley, I will be 25 in December and have been married for 2.5years :)
This is our (possibly) first together. I have gotten BFN but AF isn't due til today or tomorrow. So we're going to give it another week or so before we test again then make a doctor appointment for a blood test.
I have been having quite a lot of symptoms though! Which is very exciting. Feeling nauseous from 5am-11am, sore breasts, very sensitive to smells, hungry like crazy, and of course feeling exhausted ALL the time. The past couple days I have been having crazy night sweats and feeling hot/cold throughout the day.
Praying for all you lovely ladies and your bundles of joy and endless possibilities :)
God Bless
Congratulations Ladies! Ahh it's nice to know that there are others out there! Lageniale, it's so true. Most of my friends aren't even dating! I've been married for a little over 5 months. We just felt like we are ready! If AF doesn't show up I should be due around July 11th according to my LMP. Fallon, I live in Hawaii right now, full time student. I am originally from Idaho. I don't know when I am going to tell! I want to tell everyone since it's my first, but I'm going home for Christmas, and I think that would be too long to wait. I think my mom would be hurt if I didn't tell her sooner... I think thanksgiving would be a good time to tell my family and friends.
Married June 2012
Baby #1 EDD April 14, 2014
I'm turning 22 this month, ttc #1 for 3 going on 4 years. First month on fertility medication so we will see how it goes!
Me(24) - PCOS, TTC 5 yrs, 1 natural CP
IVF 1/14 - BFN FET 5/14 - Cancelled FET 7/14 - MC FET 01/15 - BFP! Due September 2015 - It's a girl!
Viva, It's so hard not to tell people! Christmas would be good seeing as you will be home for it, but Christmas is still so far away! Lol I went crazy telling people the first time I was pregnant! I don't regret it either because when I needed the support it was there.
So today I my birthday be I'm AF is 3 days late, tool a test, still neg... Maybe I ovulated late? Time will tell I guess lol.
Mackenzie (20) Parrish(25)
Our First Blessing Miss Addison Marie(1/20/11) at 38 weeks and 5 days.
Our New June Bug due 6-30-2013!! IT'S A GIRL AGAIN!!!! SO excited for sisters!!!
I am 24 years old. I miscarried in May and yesterday found out that we are expecting 07/09/2013... Soooooooooo excited!
Newly wed- 06/02/2012
Angel Baby- Miscarried 5/09/2012
Rainbow Baby!!!- EDD 07/09/2013


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Council consults on cuts
Posted: February 28, 2014|
LEICESTERSHIRE county leaders want the public to have their say on plans to cut thousands of pounds from a council's budget.
Leicestershire County Council will launch a 12-week consultation on its plans save £590,000 from funding to agencies.
Council leader Nick Rushton (above) said: "There are two reasons why we're proposing to change the way we fund voluntary agencies.
"We want to reflect the public's priorities and ensure groups work with us to deliver the council's priorities, particularly around supporting vulnerable individuals, families and communities."
Earlier this month the county council agreed a budget to tackle a £110 million gap by 2018.
It included plans to cut £590,000 from its annual funding for agencies.


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ATHENS, Ga. --- This fall semester has been a busy time for University of Georgia Athletics. The football team is competing for an SEC Championship, volleyball has shown a marked improvement over last year, the school's tennis and golf teams have enjoyed extensive autumn success, and the basketball teams are gearing up to play. Perhaps lost in this athletic cacophony has been the success of Georgia's Equestrian team. A perennial national title contender, this year's squad has displayed nothing less than championship promise.
Leading the way for the Bulldogs are sophomore rider Haylie Jayne and freshman Kacy Jenkins. Jayne, a sophomore from Illinois, has only one loss between English Equitation on the Flat and Fences, and she boasts five MVP rides already this season.
Jayne considers her greatest accomplishment thus far this year to be at the Stephen F. Austin meet, where the Bulldogs took wins in three out of the four events. Winning the MVP award of the Flat event at the Stephen F. Austin event was no simple task. Jayne drew the services of a tough horse and had to overcome that obstacle in addition to the stiff competition on her way to post-show honors. She was not the only Bulldog to garner recognition from that event, however.
Kacy Jenkins, a freshman from Potomac Falls, Virginia, took home MVP honors in the English Equitation competition. The fast start to her young career has her teammates, competition, and coaches taking notice. Assistant coach Lesli Bailey, who works most closely with Georgia's English riders, says "I'm really excited for Kacy. She's been working so hard at getting better, putting in the extra hours necessary to improve. It's very gratifying to see her get rewarded so quickly in her young career."
Jayne and Jenkins have been making noise during the first half of this Equestrian season, but the stiffest competition is yet to come. The Bulldogs have shows with South Carolina, Auburn, Oklahoma State, Baylor, and Kansas State upcoming, and cannot get lackadaisical in their efforts.
On the team's championship hopes, Jayne feels that the squad can go undefeated for the rest of the year. "Everyone is riding really well", claims the sophomore. "We are headed in a real positive direction." The next competition is Sunday, November 11th, at home against Auburn.


text: According to an article with quotes from Rapinoe's father, she will being going to play for Olympique Lyonnais for six months before coming over to the NWSL. Granted, it's not confirmed by Rapinoe herself but seems legitimate enough. Very interesting. I wonder if other big name players will follow suit? This isn't exactly getting off to the right start for the league.


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Friday Nights @ Oakland Museum of California (OMCA)
Marketing Director Tricia tells us about a Friday night outing to the Oakland Museum of California…
I am loving Oakland more and more…so much to do, see, eat and hear. Every Friday night the Oakland Museum hosts a street party with food trucks from Off The Grid. I ventured downtown on a beautiful summer evening- perfect temps for a street party. We were not disappointed. People were dancing to the reggae rhythms of The Mango Kingz .
There were at least a dozen food trucks and after much debate we settled on Peruvian specialties from Sanguchon…what a treat. I had the Loma Saltado- a stir fried NY steak sandwich with tomato, onion and cilantro soy sauce. It was on the yummiest roll- crunchy on the outside and soft on the inside-street food heaven.
The museum is open and admission is half price-Ages 18 and under are free!
In addition to the live music there are all kinds of activities:
- For those who wanted to work up an appetite there was Zumba class
- Garden Hunt Card self-guided activity for all ages in the Museum gardens
- Makers & Tasters Series with the Pickle Panel, a group of experts demonstrating how to make pickles at home
- OMCA Pub Trivia with Senior Curator of Natural Sciences, Douglas Long, 7 pm
- Family-friendly drop-in workshop with Gallery of California Natural Sciences-inspired plant leaf tracing and handmade journals 5 to 8 pm
Mark Your Calendars: Every Friday night 5-9 OCMA I'll be there!
My California Delicious? Definitely was the stunning show Summoning Ghosts: The Art of Hung Liu
Details: Every Friday night, 5–9 pm
Cash bar. Prices vary for Off the Grid food trucks. – See more at: http://www.museumca.org/friday-nights-omca#
Travel Time-
2 hours from Sacramento
Under 1 hour from San Francisco
Under 7 hours from Los Angeles
Oakland Museum of California- OMCA
1000 Oak St
Oakland, CA 94607
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Atop the Top: Queen Anne Highlights
Featuring the assorted personalities and characters living in the diverse pockets of the Queen Anne neighborhood, and the local businesses, organizations and amenities that make the hill a wonderful place to live.
Monthly Archive for June, 2007
Queen Anne Farmer's Market a Huge Success!
Thousands of local and organic-hungry neighbors gathered and shopped, ate and visited yesterday at the opening day of Neighbor-created Farmer's Market on Queen Anne! [Read More]


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WellNow, LLC is an independent health-risk management company with a proven track record of helping clients improve their population's health, reduce healthcare costs and improve their bottom line.
70% average employee participation in WellNow corporate wellness programs - twice the industry average.
88% of the highest risk employees reduced their risk by 50% or more after 2 years of WellNow implementation at a large law firm.
84% lower medical claims cost for participants who were coached 2+ years vs. non-participants


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For all of us at FocusOnStyle, Kate Blanchett is the epitome of modern elegance. We're thrilled to have her makeup tips via her makeup artist Jeanine Lobell for tonight's Golden Globes so you can adapt Kate's "modern romance" look at her home THE LOOK: Soft and Romantic THE INSPIRATION: "We didn't want to do the expected…Published on January 12, 2014
Archive | Celebrity
Celebrity style tips to help you get the look
Golden Globes Beauty- How to get Sofia Vergara's soft wavy hairstyle
HINT: It's super easy! We are loving the big romantic wavy hairstyle that Sophia Vergara is wearing to compliment her Zac Posen gown at tonight's Golden Globes. Before the show is even over, we have the hairstyle how-to-s so you can replicate Sophia's style at home. According to Celebrity Hairstylist Harry Josh, Sophia's look was all…Published on January 12, 2014
Golden Globes Fashion- The Best Dressed of The Night for 2014
Golden Globes Best Dressed: We're going to sort of live blog. Calling the gowns as the photos come. So, let's look at the Golden Globes Best dressed, and maybe even the not so best dress (yeah, I've spotted those too). Stay tuned to this FocusOnStyle page and we will update as the night goes on……Published on January 12, 2014
Golden Globes Beauty- How to get Julia Roberts' updo hairstyle
We're loving the elegant updo that Julia Roberts is wearing at tonight's Golden Globes And guess what? We've got the step by step on how to het her hairstyle before the show is even over. Before we get to the hair tips, Julia's Dolce & Gabbana look of a white shirt under a strapless top is…Published on January 12, 2014
Best Emmy Style: Red Carpet fashion with lessons that make sense for your wardrobe (really)
I'll Have What She's Having: The best Emmy style of clean chic red carpet stunners You know that I'm generally not jacked up about red carpet fashion. Too often, it's overdone celebrities wearing costumes that look like they were stolen from a five-year old's fantasy dress up closet. OK, lucky for them that their stylist secured…Published on September 22, 2013
How to Wear It- Flashback Big Shoulder Pads Are In, But Are They Right For You?
I'll Have What She's Having: Musician Rita Ora makes a case for big shoulder pads in Ungaro, and it worked! Shoulder pads, one of those fads we all said we hoped never to come back, are back… Yes you read right, big shoulder pads have been making a return on runways as of late for…Published on July 09, 2013
Stylist Advice- Dressing a Very Petite Hourglass Figure
When we start to struggle with our figure & style it's best to discover a body type muse for some style inspiration… I chose Salma Hayak as the muse for my reader who wants to know how to dress a petite hourglass figure. Read on- Dear Sharon: Hi Sharon, I am in my early twenties and am…Published on July 04, 2013
Celebrities in jeans looking normal- no big woot, just as it is
I'll Have What She's Having: Shazam, I have it already! Everyday style inspiration by way of Sarah Jessica Parker, Charlize Theron, Jessica Alba and Katherine Heigel You gotta love the headline, "Celebrities in jeans looking normal" because rather than oohing and ahhing about a fantasy gown or talking about their bodily (im)perfections, let's look at…Published on June 11, 2013
Natural Red Carpet Beauty is NOT an Oxymoron! Get some French chic inspiration by way of Léa Seydoux
Cannes Do Chic Beauty: Let Léa Seydoux Teach You A Thing About French Beauty Looking natural, gorgeous, and knowing how much makeup to apply can result in a fine line between looking overly made up (that K family) and washed out and frazzled (heeeeello, mirror). Instead of a makeup "how to look made up on…Published on May 28, 2013
Palette Cleanser: Neutral Coats by way of Naomi Watts' Carven + Paris Street Style Ladies for a Fresh Start
I'll Have What She's Having: Neutral coat newness in an understated gray coat like Naomi Watts or beige à la the Paris chic set Need Transition Inspiration? Neutral coats in gray or beige for celebrity style, like Naomi Watts in Carven or the chic Paris street style ladies are the perfext palette cleanser for your transition wardrobe….Published on March 12, 2013
Red Carpet Beauty: Adele keeping it real at the Oscars with drugstore hair products
We love the way Adele keeps it real and true to herself on the red carpet. We also love the way drugstore hair products were used to create her Bond girl hair at the Oscars. Adele's voluminous, half-up do was the right touch of glam to complement her Jenny Packham dress. Remember, Jenny Packham was one…Published on February 25, 2013
Oscars 2013 Red Carpet Arrivals… as it happens
As the stars start to arrive, let's look at Oscar Red Carpet Fashion 2013. It's not exactly a year of thrills and chills for fashion. More like a year of safe, pale, and boring, with a few stunning exceptions. SCULPTED SILHOUETTES- Naomi Watts pictured above and below, in Armani Prive looks like a movie star. An exceptional…Published on February 24, 2013
Revealed! Celebrity Spanx moments- We're spilling the sucking in beans on what stars wear what shapewear
And, the shapewear Oscar goes to… Celebrity Spanx Moments… Who sucks what in…. Shapewear, baby, it's THE way to go! Red carpet fashion can be a bit awe-inspiring and unreachable. And, what about those killer bods underneath those gorgeous dresses? Well, many of the bodies that are worked out to an inch of their lives get…Published on February 23, 2013
How about this for Oscar dressing: Red Carpet fashion picks from Naeem Khan, Jenny Packham, Reem Acra, J Mendel, with photos galore!
Red Carpet fashion picks from New York Fashion Oscar dressing- Red carpet fashion from the runways of Naeem Khan, Jenny Packham, Reem Acra, J Mendel Fall 2013 With all our New York Fashion Week coverage, we thought it would be fun to do something different for all the WOW factor red carpet fashion that…Published on February 22, 2013
WATCH: THE Oscars Red Carpet Fashion LIVE Stream
You're gonna to want to bookmark this! Watch the Oscars Red Carpet Fashion Live Stream right here, in real time, on FocusOnStyle.com LIVE! Mark your calendar: Red Carpet Live Stream from the 85th Annual Academy Awards taking place on Sunday, February 24th, 5:30pm – 7:30pm EST >> MORE: Red Carpet Fashion Oscars Red Carpet…Published on February 20, 2013


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Cleveland Red Cross and Public Animal Welfare Society recall Katrina, ready to help with Isaac
Cleveland crews recall Katrina similarities
BAINBRIDGE, Ohio - On a quiet Bainbridge cul-de-sac, professional dog trainer Ann Trupo asks her client's puppy to sit. It listens quite well even though Trupo's two dogs are watching patiently from the open rear hatch of her Kia Soul piquing its curiosity.
Some of Trupo's dogs are rescues. One of them rescued from starvation seven years ago, trapped in an Algiers, Louisiana yard, under water, though still fenced in. She aptly named him "Storm."
Storm had heart worms and many other problems soon after being rescued. With his owner nowhere in sight, Trupo brought him back to Ohio. She made sure to leave her contact information with an Algiers neighbor.
Storm's owner returned several months later. Happy to hear the dog was rescued, they happily gave Trupo permission to keep him. They didn't have any way of keeping him safe in their damaged home anyway.
"One thing that sticks with me about Katrina was how many more volunteers were needed. There were stacks of cages filled and empty, and so many animals still needing to be rescued. We didn't have enough to keep the water bowls full," said Trupo.
While Trupo was helping animal rescues in conjunction with PAWS., Public Animal Welfare Society, during the aftermath of Katrina, Cleveland's American Red Cross workers were in New Orleans as well. That experience helped them organize of the mission for Isaac this week.
Red Cross Regional Director of Communications Christine Moran said there are already dozens of local volunteers in many southern states right now.
"The northeastern Ohio region of the American Red Cross has deployed 31 disaster volunteers to largely Florida, some in Alabama, Louisiana and Mississippi," said Moran.
Interested volunteers may go to: www.redcross-cleveland.org
Ann Trupo's dog training and rescue information can be found at: www.doggydorightohio.net
Public Animal Welfare Society's information can be found at: www.pawsohio.org
Isaac Coverage


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The dress is still on the move! This time it landed at the Missouri home of Jess and her precious daughter Eva, who just turned 3 in July. You can check out her Traveling Dress post here.
I am having so much fun seeing this little yellow hand-me-down travel around the blog world (and the real world!). I think all the girls look just precious in it, don't you?
Here are the other Sisters in this fun game:
Little Bit-4 years, 9 months
Lorelai-18 months
Lexie-3 years
Keep your eyes open! You never know where it will end up next!
"You were taught, with regard to your former way of life, to put off your old self...to be made new in the attitude of your minds; and to put on the new self, created to be like God in true righteousness and holiness." Ephesians 4:22-24
Monday, October 6, 2008
The Sisterhood of the Travelling Dress--Part 4!
3 comments:
I had no idea there were other Fitness Fridays out there! And I thought I was being all original :) Thanks for your comment, though!ReplyDelete
We JUST started! Glad others are getting in shape too! :)ReplyDelete
This sounds like fun!! Let see a yellow hand me down sounds like something i have...ReplyDelete
I don't get to talk to a lot of actual grown-ups during the day, so your comments make me really happy! :)
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Newsmakers 2013: Local investors express interest in operating area's airportsWritten by Sarah Ottney | Editor in Chief | email@example.com
The news, revealed in October, that a group of local investors was considering a proposal to take over operation of Northwest Ohio's two airports was met with both cautious interest and derision.
In November, Dock David Treece, his father Dock Treece and brother Ben Treece launched a website, www.toledoairports.com, where they intend to lay out their plans for public review and input before a formal proposal is made to Toledo City Council.
The website contains a summary of their qualifications and experience, frequently asked questions and a contact form. The first document, a marketability study, was posted Dec. 6.
"So far the responses we've received through the website have been almost universally positive," Dock David said in an email on Jan. 1. "In fact, we've heard from a number of people about even more previously unknown opportunities. There have been a few inquisitive reactions — people raising questions that will be answered as more information is released."
Toledo Express Airport and Toledo Executive Airport are both owned by the City of Toledo and managed by the Toledo-Lucas County Port Authority.
Among the documents the Treeces said they plan to post in the coming weeks are their full business plan and a 10-year financial forecast.
"We want to be as transparent as possible," Dock David said.
The Treeces are Toledo Free Press contributors.
Tags: Ben Treece, Dock David Treece, Dock Treece, Toledo Executive Airport, Toledo Express Airport


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2007 Caller-Times/Citgo South Texas Distinguished Scholars: Robert Joel Moore
Service and Leadership: Abuzz with service to Beeville
Robert Joel Moore has found a way to keep his many service projects organized -- filling all the date blocks of the daily planner in his backpack.
Last year, as president of his junior class, Joel wrangled fellow students to organize the A.C. Jones High School prom, and this year peers chose him for student council. Outside the halls of education Joel has been a group leader in the Clean Up Beeville campaign, Christmas Angels, and Pennies for Patients fundraising drives. He's spurred his Key Club members to Trick or Treat for UNICEF, has raised more than $6,000 running two concession stands for the school's football program and sparked a fundraiser for a local pastor's wife who had a heart attack.
"His leadership has provided guidance to an otherwise directionless group of high school juniors," said Gina Latcham, student council sponsor. "Joel has shown himself to be a dedicated 'serviceman' and leader for his church, school, and community."
For his vision directing his class and fostering their commitment to serve the Beeville community, Joel was named a winner in the 2007 Caller-Times/Citgo South Texas Distinguished Scholars in the Service and Leadership category.
Someone is always needed to guide others, whether student or educator, Joel said.
"Sometimes high school students can lack direction," he said, "and I've been blessed by knowing mine."
He is first in his class of 255, has a 108.9 grade average and plans to study pre-medicine at Texas A&M University in College Station.
"I'm fascinated by the human body," Joel said. "I would be fine being a hometown doctor caring for people."
Joel, 17, teaches Bible studies and leads weekly prayers at Eastside Church of Christ and has helped organize the Lord's Supper to feed the poor at his church. His ability to speak fluent Spanish allowed Joel to travel alone to Chiapas, Mexico, for 15 days in 2006 on a missionary trip visiting nine Church of Christ churches.
His advice to other youth: "If students search for the things they enjoy, then apply that to their workplace, they can devote their life to it successfully."
Contact Mike Baird at 886-3774 or email@example.com
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Chipmaker Intel is advising a group of more than 70 companies, including Deutsche Bank, Lockheed Martin and BMW, as they encourage industry standards for "cloud computing".
Cloud computing involves businesses cutting back on computer storage space and processing power by having their software and data in remote centres, accessed by their employees and customers over networks like the Internet.
Tech industry companies like Oracle and Amazon are pushing cloud computing, but industry standards have not been agreed.
Companies involved in the working group invest over US$50 billion a year collectively in IT and plan to lay out their requirements for future cloud computing data centers that are not specific to any one vendor's hardware or software.
They each have begun their own internal cloud projects.
"When you look at the changes happening in the world, the R&D that's going on, cloud is probably one of the areas that is changing faster than any other area of our industry," Curt Aubley, a technology vice president at defence contractor Lockheed Martin, told reporters at an event introducing the working group.
Microprocessors made by Intel go into nine out of 10 servers around the world, and the Santa Clara, California-based technology company expects the growth of cloud computing to fuel demand for more data centers over the next few years.
Absent from the working group announced on Wednesday were companies that have already become major forces in cloud computing, like Google and Amazon, which hosts cloud computing services for other companies.
(Reporting by Noel Randewich)
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