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Glassdoor has always been a great site to stalk an employer. Anonymous salary information. Candid anonymous reviews. "Give a man a mask and he will tell you the truth," wrote Oscar Wilde. In the Internet age, giving out the mask of anonymity often results in people telling you the many nasty things they'd never say in person. It's always fun for example to check out a company's "dissatisfied" section, to see for example the anonymous Facebook employees who say the company is full of egomaniacs and "culturally immature."
Recently, Glassdoor decided to integrate with Facebook, to make itself even more useful to job seekers. Along with the anonymous information, Glassdoor can now tell you which of your Facebook friends are on Glassdoor. (I, for example, have 21 friends who have connected their accounts, out of over 1,000). It also tells you which of your friends, and friends of friends work at or have worked at particular companies — making it easier for you to network, or to ask a specific person about the culture of a company.
But that Facebook overlay means that Glassdoor may be even more transparent than intended. The "anonymous" reviews and salary information offered up previously by users may be a bit less anonymous at the moment.
A colleague of mine was recently doing a little salary sleuthing on the site and noted that in the "anonymous salary information" on Glassdoor, one VP had volunteered that he or she made $167K. "I'm Facebook friends with exactly one Vice president," my colleague writes. "Does he make $167,000? It seems that with a little sleuthing you could find out exactly what your coworkers–at least the ones you're Facebook friends with–make."
This is obviously not a foolproof way to figure out what your co-workers make. That VP isn't necessarily the same one that gave up salary info to Glassdoor. But since the Facebook integration is relatively new, those who have connected their accounts are probably regular users of Glassdoor, and indeed may be the same people who previously offered up "anonymous" info to the site.
"There's always that danger of assumption," says Samantha Zupan, a spokesperson for Glassdoor. "People always think they know who left anonymous information, but you could be wrong."
She says the company "hasn't found this to be an issue" since the Facebook integration in February. "Guaranteed anonymity is one of our prime concerns. People want to share this kind of information, but there's still a taboo around talking about your salary," she says. "We do everything we can to provide anonymity to our users. We coax people, for example, not to be too specific about their job titles when giving reviews or salary info, especially if they're the only ones in their companies with that title."
Again, this isn't a sureproof way to salary snoop. But at this point, with the pool of people who have connected their Facebook accounts still relatively small, there may be some folks who have inadvertently revealed what they make. Herein lies the danger when Facebook Connect and Internet anonymity collide. Beyond that, Glassdoor now puts your friends' names and photos next to particular salary graphs, giving you a good idea of what they may make.
Regardless, it might be worth a visit as it's always good to know what the going rates are at your company. It pays — literally — to be nosy.


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The Voice
Simon Cowell Furious Over The Voice's Wednesday Extension: "It's Nothing Short of Dirty Tricks"
We were overjoyed when NBC announced that The Voice's premiere week was extended an extra day to Monday through Wednesday, but to some, the news wasn't quite as welcome.
Take, for instance, X Factor creator, Simon Cowell, whose music competition show was set to premiere on that Wednesday. The British judge was apparently furious at the news that NBC decided to expand its premiere, directly competing with The X Factor.
"This is a cynical, cold-hearted, unprofessional way of doing business," Simon said to TMZ. "The reason they've done this is they don't want people to see X Factor because they've heard how good the series is."
The "attacks" between The Voice and Simon's shows is nothing new. After the NBC show beat out American Idol in the spring ratings war, the notorious Brit said The Voice was a "bad copy" of his shows. He then went on to suggest a weak contestant on X Factor audition for our favorite show instead.
Simon views this latest scheduling adjustment as a direct attack not just on his show, but also on his latest pop diva lead, Britney Spears.
"Britney's not going to appreciate the fact that Christina — who has been a bit of a rival — isn't allowing Britney to have a night of her own," he said. "These guys have really got it in for us. It's nothing short of dirty tricks."
Those are some harsh words, Simon. What do you guys think? Was The Voice's scheduling change intentionally meant to hurt The X Factor? And which will you watch? Tell us below!
Source: TMZ
Wanna chat with fellow fans of The Voice? Join the discussion on our The Voice Facebook page!
Follow @VoiceWetpaint on Twitter
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subset: commoncrawl


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Our breast cancer specialists must meet rigorous standards set by our accrediting organizations. These include adherence to standards set by all national guideline-setting organizations (NCCN, NQF, etc), ongoing continuing medical education in the area of breast cancer diagnosis, and attendance at all internal breast conferences focusing on patient treatment decisions to ensure a cohesive treatment process.
*Huron River Radiation Oncologists (HRRO) provide our partner breast center radiation oncologists. **Huron Valley Radiology (HVR) provide our partner breast center radiologists.
St. Mary Mercy Livonia | 36475 Five Mile, Livonia, Michigan 48154 | 734-655-4800


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Be Picky with Your Ingredients
Rather than making his market salad with just any type of goat cheese, chef Langille uses triple crème goat cheese because of its luscious texture. Similarly, he uses heirloom cherry tomatoes instead of the regular kind you find in the supermarket. Of course, you can substitute in any type of goat cheese or tomatoes in a pinch—but to really take the flavor up a notch, it helps to use premium and sometimes a little out-of-the-ordinary ingredients.
Market Salad
1 bunch romaine, washed, dried, and cut into 1" pieces
1 bunch Italian flat-leaf parsley, picked, washed, and dried
1 small bag baby spinach, de-stemmed, washed, and dried
1 cup white balsamic vinaigrette (see recipe on previous page)
Salt and pepper
Cooking spray
2 cups potato, diced
2 cups bacon, cut into small chunks
2 pieces triple crème goat cheese (soft creamy cheese with bloomy rind)
2 cups heirloom cherry tomatoes*, halved
1 cup white button mushroom, washed, dried, and shaved**
1. Toss all greens in a mixing bowl with vinaigrette, and season with salt and pepper to taste.
2. Spray a pan with cooking spray, then pan-fry diced potatoes over medium heat until tender throughout, about 8 minutes. Throw in bacon, and cook until heated through.
3. Cut goat cheese into bite-sized pieces. Place greens on a plate, then top with goat cheese and tomato. Finish with bacon and potato mixture, and add shaved fresh mushrooms on top.
*You can use regular cherry tomatoes if you can't find heirloom.
**You can use a vegetable peeler or a mandolin to shave veggies, which just means making thin slices of them.
All recipes adapted from Adin Langille, executive chef of New York City's David Burke Fabrick.


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Ageist attitudes are rife throughout the Australian population with older people often viewed as fragile, unproductive and a burden on society, according to new research.
The Deakin University report, Respect in an Ageing Society, was commissioned by aged care provider, Benetas, to examine the attitudes of society towards older people and what respect for older Australians means to them and the wider community.
Launched by the Federal Minister for Ageing, Justine Elliot, in Melbourne yesterday, the report is the first Australian study to investigate respect for older people.
Research participants included members of generation X and Y, baby boomers, volunteers from residential care facilities, older people in residential care and older people living independently.
The report found changes in society, family dynamics and how Australians live their lives impacts how older people are respected and valued.
The report found that factors including divorce, dual-career marriages, smaller families and time pressure all impact upon older people, chief executive officer of Benetas, Sandra Hills says.
Older Australians are often no longer consulted on family matters or issues and as a result, often find themselves excluded and lacking respect.
This lack of respect is also partly due to Australias unique geographical dispersion of the population. In other countries generations of families live together under the one roof. In Australia families and friends are often scattered across the country.
This leads to further exclusion and loneliness due to a breakdown in communication particularly when older family members face issues using technology to maintain relationships.
The report also points to the high earnings of young people as a factor in the changing nature of respect for older people. Young people have less reliance on family and the older generation and more freedom to pursue lives detached from their family.
In the report one generation Y research participant comments: Maybe kids get money earlier from jobs and dont feel older people are needed. Without the money they just feel like they dont need the older generation.
According to the report the older generation often expects respect to be given automatically while people in younger generations perceive that older Australians need to earn respect.
I think that they just expect to be given respect because of their age. Sometimes I dont agree with that because I dont know them and I dont know whether they have earned respect, said a generation Y member.
Ms Hills says the Respect in an Ageing Society report highlights the need for governments, business and the community to direct greater attention to creating a society that respects and values older people.
Respect is a key component of a good quality of life for all Australians and in particular, our older generation, Ms Hills says.
With our ageing population the benefits of a healthy and respected older population for the nation are clear. Healthy older people are likely to stay in the workforce for longer. Healthy older Australians will enjoy retirement with fewer health care needs, disease and disability.
Benetas believes the older generation needs to be more visible in society to gain respect. Active media and public awareness campaigns were identified in our research as important components to changing the publics perception of older Australians.
Intergenerational initiatives focusing on sharing the skills, knowledge and experience of older people are also key to opening pathways for mutual respect, Ms Hills says.
Associate Professor David Mellor from Deakin University explains, Respect is a key factor that determines quality of life for older people.
Older people who are respected tend to have greater life satisfaction, including a sense of usefulness and involvement with their family, community and significant others.
Our study revealed themes of ageism in todays society but it also identifies opportunities for older people to create and gain respect. The challenge now is how to encourage older people to become more involved in activities and life in their community.


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HP's built-in print solution is available on Android 4.3 (Jelly Bean) mobile devices such as the HP Slate 7 tablet and the Samsung Galaxy S4.
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HP Customer Support
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HP Wireless Single-Function and Multifunction Printers - Android 4.3 (Jelly Bean) and Earlier: Printing with the Android Print Solution
Printing with the Android print solution
Follow these steps to print from a supported Android device using the HP's built-in solution for Android.
From a supported app, find the Print option from the app's menu, and then tap Print.
Find the option to select your printer. The Android device displays a list of printers that are available on the Wi-Fi network.
Find your printer on the Wi-Fi list, and then tap to select it. Once you select the printer, your device remembers the selection.
If your printer is not on the Wi-Fi list or if you want to use the wireless direct connection method instead, find your printer on the Wireless Direct list, and then tap to select it. Follow the on-screen instructions to complete the connection. Once your printer is connected, your device remembers the selection.
Make any changes to the available printing options, if desired.
Tap Print to send the print job to the printer.
Frequently asked questions (FAQs)
This section provides answers to frequently asked questions about the Android print solution.
What is the HP built-in print solution for Android?
With HP's built-in print solution for Android and Kindle devices, you can use your Android (Jelly Bean) mobile device and Fire OS 3.0 (Mojito) Kindle devices to automatically find and print to HP printers that are either on a wireless network or within wireless range for wireless direct printing. You do not need to install drivers or download software because the print solution is built into your operating system.
Does my HP printer support the HP built-in print solution for Android?
The HP built-in print solution for Android supports many HP printers. Click here to view the complete list of supported printers.
What is the difference between Wi-Fi and Wireless Direct printing?
Wi-Fi connection: If your device and the printer are connected to the same Wi-Fi network through an access point (for example, at home), printing through the Wi-Fi network is a preferred option.
Wireless direct: Wireless direct printing allows you to print directly to your HP printer without connecting to a Wi-Fi network.
What file formats can I print?
HP's built-in print solution for Android supports the following file formats:
Microsoft Office files
note:Available file formats vary for each Android device.
Which apps can I print from?
You can print from these applications on your Android device:
Email client
Polaris Office
S Memo
note:Available apps vary for each Android device.
The list of apps does not include one that I frequently use. Does that mean I cannot print from that application?
Currently, the Android device supports printing only from the applications listed. HP is working to develop support for additional applications.
What print options are available with HP's built-in print solution for Android?
These printing options are available:
Copies: Select the number of copies that you want to print.
Color mode: Select either the Color or Black & White/Mono option for your print output.
Double-sided printing: If your printer supports two-sided (duplex) printing, select None, Long-edge flip, or Short-edge flip.
Orientation: Select Auto, Portrait, or Landscape format.
Paper size: You can print on Letter, A4, 4x6-inch, 5x7-inch, or 10x5-cm paper.
Paper type: Select Plain Paper or Photo Glossy for your print output.
note:Available printing options vary for each Android device.
How do I cancel a print job that I already started?
To cancel the print job, open the print notification area, and then touch X.
How do I monitor print jobs and view the print queue?
To monitor jobs in the print queue, open the print notification area.
My HP printer showed an 'Out of Paper' or 'Paper Jam' message when I sent a print job. Why did my job not print even after I cleared the printer error?
When you send a print job from the Android device and your printer is in an error state, your mobile device waits for three minutes before canceling the print job. After clearing the error, send the print job again.
Does HP's built-in print solution for Android remember the printer I used last time?
Yes. Once a printer connects with a specific network, the printer recognizes that network for subsequent printing. After an Android device connects to a network for the first time, the device recognizes up to 10 printers on that network from then on.
I have both Wi-Fi and wireless direct network. How does the Android device find a printer?
When the Android device connects to a Wi-Fi network (access point), the device locates and displays the available printers on the access point. When the Android device is not connected to a Wi-Fi access point, the device locates and displays wireless direct printers.
My printer is connected to a wired (Ethernet) network. Can I still print to it from my Android device?
If your printer is on the same local network (or subnet) as the Android device, you can print to the printer.
Can I print from my Android device at any location?
Yes, you can connect to the Wi-Fi network (access point) at any location, and then use the Android device to print to the local printers. Alternatively, if you are not connected to an access point, the device discovers and prints to wireless direct printers near you.
How do I print Microsoft Office documents from an Android device?
For some Android devices, you can use the Android built-in print solution to print your Microsoft Office documents. If the Microsoft app on your Android device does not use the Android built-in print solution, you can use the HP ePrint mobile app to print your documents instead. Open the HP ePrint mobile app, and then select the document you want to print.
For more information about the HP ePrint mobile app, see the HP ePrint mobile app FAQs.
I changed the printer Bonjour service name on the Embedded Web Server (EWS). Why do I still see a different name when the Android device connects to the printer Wireless Direct network?
The printer Bonjour name you changed in the EWS is the Wi-Fi Bonjour name, not the Wireless Direct SSID. When you connect your Android device to the Wireless Direct network, you still have to choose the Wireless Direct SSID. You might be able to change the Wireless Direct Network SSID name through the EWS, as well.
Why does my printout split into two pages when I use the 4x6-inch or 5x7-inch setting and the landscape setting to print from the browser?
Webpage printing is supported by an Android component called Webkit. If the image is large enough, Webkit might span the image across two pages. This can occur in both portrait and landscape orientations. You cannot control this function through the Android device.
Can I send print jobs to different printers and get them printed simultaneously from my Android device?
Some Android devices do not have the capability to print multiple jobs at once. In those cases, all jobs print in sequence.
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Website Issues: There is currently a problem affecting some displayed images. There is also a number of emails that did not get sent by the website (i.e. new membership notification). The problems stems from a reinstall on the hosting server that occured two weeks ago. We are working on fixing these issues as quickly as we can.
The International Organisation of Palaeobotany promotes international co-operation in the study of all types of plant fossils. We achieved this through the publication of an informative newsletter and organisation of international conferences considering all aspects of palaeobotany. Organisational activities also include collaboration with numerous other international bodies to ensure the continued scientific development of palaeobotany and its further integration within related fields.
9th EPPC 2014 (August 26-31, 2014, University of Padua)
Italian palaeobotanists and palynologists are enthusiastically preparing the next EPPC in Padua, or Padova as the Italian name is. We hope to meet all our European colleagues at this conference. The present day problems of climate and floristic changes, ecosystem and landscape transformations caused by human activities, force the palaeobotanical and palynological world to study these subjects also in the past, and in this way reinforce the bridge between past and present. These subjects will be among the topics of the 9th EPPC meeting in Padua. Padova is a charming historic city, located at about 40 km west of Venice, in Northern Italy, with a dense network of arcaded streets, large "piazze" (squares) and many bridges crossing the various branches of the Bacchiglione river. The almost 800 years old University of Padova is famous for having had Galileo Galilei among its lecturers as well as important 19th century palaeobotanists such as Abramo Massalongo and Barone Achille de Zigno.
All scientific sessions will be held at the new Department of Geoscience. However also the famous Botanical Garden and the Museum of Palaeontology will be involved in this conference. In order to favor the attendance of young scientists, we hope to offer University residences and special grants. Field-trips are planned in the fascinating landscapes of the Dolomites, Sardinia, Emilia-Romagna, Latium and Tuscany.
Hoping to see you all in Padova, The EPPC 2014 organizing group
More information will be available at the homepage of the congress: http://geo.geoscienze.unipd.it/eppc2014/index.html
4th International Palaeontological Congress
On behalf of the Organizing Committee we cordially invite you to attend the 4th International Palaeontological Congress, to be held in Mendoza, Argentina, from September 28 to October 3, 2014, hosted by the Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET Mendoza and partner organizations.
The International Palaeontological Congress (IPC) is a global meeting devoted to Palaeontology throughout the world. It convenes every four years under the aegis of the International Palaeontological Association. Following three previous editions in Sydney (2002), Beijing (2006) and London (2010), it will now come to the American continent for the first time. The 4th IPC will explore the courses Palaeontology may take as the 21st century ushers in profound and long lasting technological changes.
Website: http://www.ipc4mendoza2014.org.ar/
Membership Join/Renew
Joining the International Organistaion of Palaeobotany is easy and only $10 per annum! Simply fill in the membership form and pay securely online via PayPal.
If you are already a member please login and check if your subscription is up to date. If you find you need to renewal your membership please follow the "Renew" links from your Members' Account page.
Online Cuticle Database
Researchers at Northwestern University, The Field Museum, the Florida Museum of Natural History, and Pennsylvania State University have just released a publicly available version of The Cuticle Database, and they would like to announce this to the greater palaeobotanical community. This database is a collection of images (with metadata) taken of the epidermal surface of modern plants, prepared from vouchered herbarium specimens. As such, The Cuticle Database represents a unique resource for palaeobotany, and it it hope of great use. URL: http://cuticledb.eesi.psu.edu/


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Why Choose Professional School of Real Estate?
1. Our instructors have over 70 years of combined experience in the real estate, finance, escrow, banking, insurance and auctioneering industries.
2. All of our courses are our own and are created specifically with Missouri real estate practice in mind.
3. We put the FUN in the fundamentals of learning!
4. Once you become our student, we are always available and ready to assist you from the time you start your first course with us and for as long as you are in the real estate business!
5. Our courses are up-to-date and relevant to today's real estate world! We pride ourselves on staying current with the latest developments, law, events and trends in the industry!
6. We deliver affordable education without sacrificing quality!
What Our Students Say About Us
"Thank you so much for effectively transmitting enough of your real estate knowledge to me so that I could pass the exam on the first go around. What a relief! Actually, unlike a lot of pre or post classes, I did learn a lot!" Sylvia
"I wanted to drop you a line and thank you for having the cont. ed. classes in St. Joe... I also wanted to thank you for the scope of your training. As an insurance agent also, I've been to many cont. ed. classes that didn't cover materials that were used or related to what goes on in the real world of the subject course. Yours did! You made it interesting as well as educational." Gregory
"Thank you so much for providing such an informational real estate continuing ed. class. You do such a great job of speaking and keeping our attention! Thanks for not making it boring!" Mary
How to Get a Real Estate License in Missouri
- Complete an approved 48-hour salesperson pre-examination course.
- Pass the AMP (Applied Measurement Professionals) test with a score of 70% or better on the "national" portion and 75% or better on the "state" portion.
- Complete an approved 24-hour Missouri Real Estate Practice Course. This may be taken before or after passing the AMP exam, but must be completed after the pre-examination course and before applying for a license.
- Get fingerprinted through the Missouri State Highway Patrol's approved vendor and
- Affiliate with a licensed Missouri broker and apply for a license.
- Obtain a salesperson license and actively work under a broker for at least 24 of the immediately preceding 30 months prior to application for the broker's license.
- Complete an approved 48-hour broker pre-examination course.
- Pass the AMP broker test.
- If you have not already done so, get fingerprinted through the Missouri State Highway Patrol's approved vendor.
- Apply for a broker's license.


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"A Tale of Two James Loneys" would be a great title for a novella, and it's also the most apt description of Loney's 2011 season.
Manning first in what was another season of "James Loney will finally hit for power and win a Gold Glove" vs. "James Loney will continue to under-perform, and by God we can do better", Loney actually produced his best campaign to date. Unfortunately, it was still underwhelming, and even more unfortunately, it "earned" him another year and another chance in Dodger Blue.
Between Opening Day and the end of May, Loney's line looked like this: .249/.292/.325/.617 with nine extra-base hits in 212 plate appearances. From June 1st through the end of the season, Loney mashed (certainly by his standards) to the tune of a .311/.365/.470/.835 slash line with 34 extra-base hits in 370 plate appearances.
The real question, of course, is what precipitated this massive turnaround, and whether it's sustainable.
I'm not a scouting guy, and my strengths do not lie in analyzing batting mechanics and things of that nature. I'm a numbers guy, so that's where we're headed.
BABIP most definitely played a role, as a .337 mark helped to fuel the latter portion of James' season, while a .263 BABIP accompanied Loney's early season putridness (it may not be a word, but it's as accurate a description as they come). Loney's career batting average on balls in play is .311, so in short, he wasn't as bad or as good as his two seasons would indicate.
That being said, all evidence points to James being more the first guy than the second half slugger.
Prior to 2011, James had put up declining numbers across the board. A two-year decline in OBP (.357/.329), BB% (10.7%/8.0%), and homers (13/10) went hand-in-hand with a four-year downward spiral in both SLG% (.538/.434/.399/.395) and wOBA (.389/.333/.332/.315), and a two-year increase in K% (10.4%/14.7%). Loney did cut down on his whiffs last year (11.5%), but he also drew even less walks (7.2%). Furthermore, since his career year in regards to value was accompanied by a .288/.339/.416 line with a .329 wOBA, .128 ISO, and 43 extra-base hits as an everyday first baseman, his status on the squad has to be in doubt.
With the leather, James had his best season, posting a 5.6 UZR/150, though for his career he has barely been an average glove man (0.1 UZR/150). Loney has never put up a WAR greater than the 2.3 he managed in '11, and he's averaged barely a 1.4 WAR in his six seasons in The Show (four full seasons).
Which James Loney will grace us with his presence this year, I can't predict with 100% certainty. However, based on the abundance of data we have at our disposal (namely over 3000 career plate appearances), it is safe to say he'll continue to not hit for power, not draw walks, and generally underwhelm immensely at the plate, while being atrocious against southpaws (.213/.254/.307/.561 in 2011, .252/.309/.368/.677 career), as he enters his age 28 season.
If Don Mattingly is wise, he'll platoon Juan Rivera with Loney at first, move Andre Ethier to left field, and play Jerry Sands everyday in right.


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Narragansett, RI ,-- May 9, 2002 -- Where are the largest salt marshes on Narragansett Bay? How many acres of eelgrass are there left in the Bay? Where can I see harbor seals sunning themselves? The answers to these and many more questions can be found in the recently published Atlas of Narragansett Bay Coastal Habitats.
The atlas is published by the Narragansett Bay Estuary Program (NBEP), one of a network of coastal watershed protection and restoration programs created by the late Senator John H. Chafee and other members of Congress in 1987. The publication is based on an intense study of Bay habitats and coastal features carried out by the NBEP over the last few years.
The purpose of the publication is to inform the general public, municipalities, and resource managers of the findings of the Narragansett Bay coastal habitat inventory study. The atlas provides baseline information to support studies on habitat changes over time. It is also provides a critical data foundation for developing and prioritizing habitat restoration projects. A third use of the Atlas is to inform decisions regarding the siting of coastal development projects that may have an impact on Bay natural resources. Every municipality, conservation commission, public library, high school and middle school in Rhode Island is being provided with a copy of the atlas.
In addition, the colorful and informative atlas serves as an educational tool to raise public awareness about the existence and importance of the Bay's habitats. The atlas can be a critical component in improving our understanding, protection, and management of Narragansett Bay, Rhode Islands most important environmental and economic resource.
The atlas' study area includes Narragansett Bay and shoreline areas in Rhode Island and Massachusetts, including the many river systems that impact the Bay. It features thirteen large and highly detailed color maps that show the locations of color-coded coastal habitats, including salt marshes, beaches, rocky shores, tidal flats, marshes, shrub wetlands, eelgrass beds, dunes, oyster reefs, and streambeds.
The publication of the atlas coincides with the Narragansett Bay Estuary Programs new affiliation with the Coastal Institute at the University of Rhode
Island. Previously hosted by the states environmental management agency, the program now maintains offices at both RIDEM and the URI Coastal Institute and will work closely with the Partnership for Narragansett Bay, a group representing Bay interests formed under the auspices of the Coastal Institute.
In June, the NBEP will launch the Narragansett Bay Journal, a quarterly newspaper featuring news and information on the Bay and its watersheds. The first issue will be widely distributed throughout the state and the Massachusetts portion of the Bay watershed, included as an insert in The Providence Journal. Subsequent issues will be available free of charge to subscribers.
One of 28 National Estuary Programs established by Congress under the Clean Water Act, the NBEP protects and preserves Narragansett Bay through partnerships that conserve and restore natural resources, enhance water quality and ecosystem health, and promote community involvement. The new offices at the URI Bay Campus are staffed by program director Richard Ribb, outreach and policy coordinator Tom Ardito, scientific director Christopher Deacutis, and environmental scientist Helen Cottrell, all alumni of the University of Rhode Island.
For more information about the Atlas or to obtain a copy, visit the Narragansett Bay Estuary Program website at <http://www.nbep.org>.
Contact: Richard Ribb, (401) 874-6233, email@example.com, Lisa Cugini, (401) 874-6642, firstname.lastname@example.com
Copyright © 1999
University of Rhode Island
For more information about this site, contact email@example.com
File last updated: Friday, May 10, 2002
The University is an affirmative action/equal opportunity employer.
All rights reserved. URL: http://www.uri.edu/news/


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Kristen Stewart at a panel for The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn - Part 2 during Comic-Con in San Diego. (July 12, 2012) -Photo: Bauer-Griffin, Getty, Pacific Coast News
….I think she's just wearing a good bra.
Ignore the post above…its a woman expressing her thoughts.
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By Jim GaramoneAmerican Forces Press Service
WASHINGTON, Feb. 13, 2002 The service members participating in Operation Enduring Freedom will know they are loved.
That's because elementary school children across the United States are sending thousands of Valentine's Day cards to them.
International Neighbors Club One is sponsoring "Operation Valentine." The group consists of the spouses of ambassadors, U.S. government leaders, members of Congress, Supreme Court justices, and reporters. Mary Jo Myers, wife of Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Air Force Gen. Richard B. Myers, is coordinating delivery to the troops.
"School children from all over the United States have handcrafted these valentines to send a little touch of home to our troops," Myers said. "The work and thought that went into these tens of thousands of cards clearly shows our country's overwhelming support for our soldiers, sailors, airmen and Marines expressed through the heartfelt sentiments of our children."
Children in about 4,000 elementary schools put together handmade hearts and heartfelt wishes. Joint Staff officials said the cards will be delivered to service members in the area of operations on a space-available basis.
Members of the National Confectioners Association and Chocolate Manufacturers Association donated thousands of pieces of candy to the effort, and the National Association of Elementary School Principals coordinated contacting the schools and collecting the efforts of the children.
Joint Staff officials said it may take some time for all the valentines to be delivered.


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We are a member of ABTA, which means you have the benefit of ABTA's assistance and Code of Conduct. We provide financial protection for your money when you buy a package holiday. If you buy other travel arrangements, such as accommodation only, this protection does not apply.
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I highly recommend this resort. I have stayed here on many occasions and I have never been disappointed.
Lodge and location were fine, time restrictions on the hot tub were initially a concern but were manageable.
It was such a lovely place which made you relax immediately. Would definitely go back and would hope to do so soon.
Lovely lodge stunning views
Beautiful cabin, spotlessly clean, surrounded with beautiful scenic views, total piece and quiet, highly recommend, only slight downside is can't use hot tub after 8pm, otherwise a great get away :-)
Excellent getaway location
Every thing was perfect. Spotless clean. Really comfortable bed. All the utensils you needed . Great quality. Hot tub spotless . Views second to none. Owners couldnt do enough for you. Wonderful experience.
Great place
My fiancé and I have just got back from a week here in the Jasmine Lodge. Ann warmly greeted us and verbally introduced us to the area telling us about local walks and villages. She went through the hot tub rules which were totally acceptable for health and safety purposes. I preferred knowing that each time I entered the hot tub it was clean and I wouldn't get an infection. They were cleaned daily and monitored.
The lodge was spacious, clean and cosy. The area is beautiful and perfect for walks and picnics!
Ann was very approachable and always wanted to make sure we were having a nice holiday. A perfect break to relax and unwind.
Lovely relaxing log cabin
Loved the hot tub
Anne friendly and informative
thank you we will return!
Perfect place. Perfect holiday.
We Recommend, most relaxing holiday in the uk that we have had.
Great location and Lodge was beautiful, everything you needed and the Hot Tub was brilliant after a long day out walking. Ann and family very friendly and helpful, we would highly recommend, you won't be disappointed.
Chris & Kevin, Walsall
What a fantastic getaway , peace and tranquility just perfect for our first wedding anniversary . Stayed at the bluebell lodge it couldn't have been better hot tub , sauna beautiful lodge ,great scenery couldn't ask for nothing better. Will definitely be returning plus a lovely helpful owner Ann and friendly daughter phoebe were exceptionally helpful Thankyou so much for your hospitality I would recommend staying at this wonderful location.
been befor thats why went back oweners are fab
Fantastic little break for me and my partner! So much to do and see in the area we only wished we had more time there. Hot tub was a dream with the views and a bottle of prosecco :) Great reception from the owners who are very chatty and have great local knowledge, I would definitly reccomend for anyone who wants a peaceful retreat it's worth every penny !


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Description (OCR text may contain errors)
May 20, 1958 A. R. BUCHHOLZ COIN SORTING AND COUNTING MACHINE Fiied Feb. 11, 1954 5 Sheets-Sheet l a, & I/IVENTOR. BY
9444.2 2 fmo Flehl y 0, 1958 A. R. BUCHHOLZ 2,835,260
COIN SORTING AND COUNTING MACHINE Filed Feb. 11, 1954 5 Sheets-$heet 2 c- I I V j i INVENTOR.
9M9! a mwek Hid s y 0, 1958 A. R. BUCHHOLZ 2,835,260
com SORTING AND COUNTING MACHINE Filed Feb. 11, 1954 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 y 1958 A. R. BUCHHOLZ 2,835,260
- COIN SORTING AND COUNTING MACHINE Filed Feb. 11, 1954 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 y 2 1958 A. R. BUCHHOLZ 2,835,260
COIN SORTING AND COUNTING MACHINE Filed Feb. 11, 1954 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 PS P R IN VEN TOR.
(Mex Bunezme BY kw r M 6 Him/5 United States Patent I COIN SORTING AND COUNTING MACHINE Arnold Richard Buchholz, Watertown, Brandt Automatic Cashier Company, a corporation of Wisconsin Application February 11, 1954, Serial No. 409,598 3 Claims. (Cl. 133-8) Wis., assignor to Water-town, Wis.,
The invention relates to coin sorting and counting machines and more particularly to that type of coin sorting machine in which the coins are fed from a hopper into side pockets of graduated Width formed in the peripheral portion of a drum rotatably mounted in an enclosing housing and usually driven by an electric motor which also rotates a scalloped or notched feeder plate disposed at the bottom of the hopper.
The main object of the present invention is to provide controls and mechanism whereby any predetermined number of coins of a particular denomination may be delivered to the discharge passage of the sorter for handling in bags or other receptacles. In this connection coin controlled means for controlling a counter drive are used instead of having the coins operate direct on the counter drive as shown, for instance, in my U. S. Patent No. 2,642,882, dated June 23, 1953. Also the same means that initiates the drive to a predetermined counter for any particular denomination of coin also initiates the drive to a regular counter for that coin denomination.
A further object of the invention is to provide an electrically driven coin sorting and counting machine having a predetermined count mechanism associated therewith and in which at the end of a predetermined count the current to the drive motor is shut off and an electric operated brake is applied to the motor shaft to stop it as soon as the predetermined count is reached.
The invention further consists in the several features hereinafter set forth and more particularly defined by claims at the conclusion hereof.
In the drawings:
Fig. 1 is a side elevation View of a coin sorting and counting machine embodying the invention;
Fig. 2 is a rear elevation view of the machine;
Fig. 3 is a plan view of the sorter drum and its core, other parts being omitted;
Fig. 4 is a side elevation view of the sorter drum and core;
Fig. 5 is a detailed horizontal sectional view taken on the line 5-5 of Fig. 4;
Fig. 6 is a detailed horizontal sectional view taken on the line 6-6 of Fig. 4;
Fig. 7 is a detailed vertical sectional view taken on the line 7-7 of Fig. 2, parts being broken away;
Fig. 8 is a view similar to Fig.7, showing the parts in a different position;
Fig. 9 is a detailed vertical sectional view taken on the line 9-9 of Fig. 7;
Fig. 10 is a wiring diagram;
Fig. 11 is a detailed front elevation view of a portion of the sorting drum.
The sorting mechanism is of known construction, and so much thereof as is necessary for an understanding of the improvements later described herein has been shown.
The machine includes a hopper 11 supported on the frame thereof at an angle so that the coins to be sorted may be carried upwardly in the notches 12 of a rotary bottom plate 13 and allowed to drop through into a feed i and 5 that some of the coin actuated finger A 2,835,260 Patented May 20, 1958 22 with a pulley 23 on the drive shaft of an electric motor, 24.
The sorter is of the type in which slots 15 form a series of radially disposed channels 25 whose Width decreases from top to bottom, one side of these channels at spaced intervals having inclined shelf or ledge portions 26 forming a series of graduated stops for arresting coins of dilferent denominations. Thus in Fig. 11 in which a portion of the drum is shown through an opening in the shell, the top shelf 26 arrests a half dollar, the next a quarter, one of which is shown in dotted, the next a nickel, the next a penny, and the next or lower slot a dime. As the drum is revolved, coins fed through the slot 14 are free to drop down into the slots 15 of the drum as they pass this slot and in dropping are caught by one or the other shelves 26 depending upon their denomination and are carried around to an outlet. Each one of the tiers of shelves 26 has a separate outlet with a deflector member 27 located at the outlet to push the sorted coin out of its pocket or slot in the drum and permit it to fall into boxes or bags (not shown). In the present instance just before a coin of any particular denomination is delivered from the sorting drum, its presence is recorded by the operation of a coin operated electric switch and its associated mechanism.
Referring to Fig. 6, each coin operated switch includes a 23 mounted on a shaft 29 journalled in a tubular support 30 secured to the shell, the lower end of the shaft carrying a crank 31 which is operatively connected by a link 32 to a switch operating lever 33 which is adapted to engage the operating button 34 of a push button switch 35. It will be noted from Figs. 3, 4, cranks 31 act to pull the links 32 While others act to push their associated links to accommodate the opposite disposition of the switches 35 relative to the levers 33.
Referring to Figs. 7 and 8, the operation of any one of the switches 35 energizes a solenoid 36 whose plunger is operatively connected by a link 37 with one end of a lever 38, pivoted at 39 intermediate its ends and engageable at its opposite end with a clutch lever 40. Lever 38 is normally held against a stop pin 41 by a spring 42. Lever 4d has a slot 43 intermediate its ends, a clutch shoulder 44, and a spring 45 connected to its lower end normally acting to hold the lever against a fixed pivot pin 46 at the outer end of the slot 43. When lever 40 is engaged and moved by lever 33 to the dotted line position shown in Fig. 7, its shoulder 44 comes into the path of an eccentrically disposed pin 4-7 on a crank disk 48 mounted on a continuously rotating shaft 49. As shown in Figs. 7 and 9, the bottom of the sorter drum carries a gear 50 which meshes with a pinion 51 on a shaft 52 that carries a bevel gear 53 meshing with a bevel gear 54 on the shaft 49.
When the lever 4-0 comes into clutching association with the pin 4'7, it is projected upwardly and guided by a guide roller 40a, it engages one arm of, and swings a bell crank lever 55, pivoted at 56, clockwise. The other arm of the lever 55 works in a slot of a disk 57 loose on a supporting shaft 58a. The disk 57 is connected by a link 58 with a regular counter C and by a link 59 with a predetermined amount counter PC.
With the exception of the links 59 all of the described mechanism is duplicated for each denomination of coin 3 and may be duplicated in its entirety for such denominations, but in the present instance three of the denominations, twenty-five cents, ten cents, and five cents, are connected up with the predetermined counters PC.
Referring to Fig. 1, each link 58 is connected to a lever se pivotally mounted on the frame of the machine at 61 and operatively connected by a link 62 with a counter operating lever 63. A tension spring 64- anchored at one end on a frame part of the machine and connected at its other end with lever 60 serves to return the linkage including disk 57 and lever 55 to its initial position. Each link 59 is operatively connected with a counter operating lever 66.
When, as described above, lever 55 swings clockwise as shown in Fig. 8, the disk 57 turns counterclockwise exerting a pull on its associated links 58 and 59, if used, to actuate its associated counter C and counter PC, if used.
Each of the predetermined counters PC may be of any standard make or suitable construction, and these counters are usually provided with an electric switch that can be used for controlling other devices at the end of a predetermined count so that a detailed showing of such counter and its switch is not considered necessary, and the counter controlled switch with an additional switch has been indicated in the diagram shown in Fig. 10.
Referring to Fig. 10, the numeral B designates an electromagnetic brake for the motor M receiving current from the rectifier RT. S designates the coil of solenoid 36, R a relay having switches normally open RS and normally closed RS, L a signal lamp, PS the switch controlled by the predetermined counter, FL the switch controlling the lamp L, and $55 the coin controlled switches.
The current supply line 67 connects through a hand switch 68 with either a conductor 69 or a conductor '70. The rectifier RT is connected across the conductor 70 and the other supply line 71.. The solenoids S with their control switches 35 are connected across the conductor 69 and a conductor 72 connected with line 71. Conductor 76 connects with a conductor '73 with which one of the terminals of all the switches RS is connected. A conductor 74 connects the other of the terminals of all the switches RS and one of the terminals of all the relay coils with conductor 69. The other terminal of each relay coil is connected by a conductor 75 with one of the terminals of switches PS. The switches RS are in a conductor 76 connecting the conductor 69 with one terminal of the motor M whose other terminal is connected to the line 71. A conductor 77 connects conductor 72 with a conductor '73 with which the other terminals of switches PS and one of the terminals of switches PL are connected. The other terminal of each switch PL is connected by a conductor 79 with a terminal of its associated lamp L. The other terminals of the lamps are connected to the conductor in.
With the above arrangement when the switch 68 connects with conductor 69, a circuit through conductor 76, switches RS, motor M, line 71 is established so that the motor then drives the sorting drum 16 through the drive connections including the worm and worm wheel 19, and the shaft 49 is also driven. Each time the sorter delivers a coin from its sorting channel one of the switches 35 is closed so that a coil S is energized by current flowing from conductor 69 through solenoid S, conductor 72 to line 71. Operation of any solenoid S operates its associated regular registering counter, and if used, the predetermined counter PC. When the counter PC reaches the end of its predetermined count, switches PS and PL controlled thereby are closed, and current then passes from conductor 69 to conductor 74, the relay R associated with this counter, conductor 75, switch PS, conductor 78, conductors 77, '72 to the line 71. Also current may flow from conductor 69 through lamp L and its conductor 79 and closed switch PL to conductors 78, 77, 72 and line 71 to light the lamp to show which of the counters has finished its count. Energization of relay R opens switch RS, thereby opening the motor circuit, and closes switch RS of that relay so that current now flows from conductor 69 to conductor 74, switch RS, conductors '73 and 70 through the rectifier RT to the line 71, thus energizing the brake B to bring the motor to a stop. If the hand switch 68 is moved by the operator into contact with conductor 70, the current then flows from conductor 70 through the rectifier RT to the line 71 and energizes the brake to stop the machine when desired.
I desire it to be understood that this invention is not to be limited to any particular form or arrangement of parts except in so far as such limitations are included in the claims.
What I claim as my invention is:
1. In a coin sorting and counting machine including a rotatable sorting member and means for rotating said member, the combination of a counter, acontinuously rotating shaft having a drive connection, counter drive mechanism including an oscillatory member operatively connected to said counter, a lever for oscillating said last named member, and an oscillatory and reciprocable spring returned clutch member for operating said lever, and means for connecting said clutch member with the drive connection of said shaft for operation of said lever including a lever and a solenoid operatively connected to said last named lever, a current supply circuit for said solenoid including a switch, and means operable by a sorted coin for controlling said switch.
2. In a coin sorting and counting machine including a rotatable sorting member and means for rotating said member, the combination of a counter, a continuously rotating crank, counter drive mechanism including an oscillatory member operatively connected to said counter, a lever for oscillating said last named member, and a pivoted crank-engageable lever movable lengthwise relative to its pivot for operating said first named lever and adapted to engage said crank, said lever being spring biased to a return position and crank operated to its lever operating position; means including a solenoid for swinging said crank-engageable lever into position to be engaged by said crank, a current supply circuit for said solenoid including a switch, and means operable by a sorted coin for controlling said switch.
3. In a coin sorting and counting machine including a rotatable sorting member and an electric motor operatively connected to rotate said member, the combination of a predetermined counter having a switch operated thereby at the end of a predetermined count, drive mecha nism for said counter including a continuously rotating shaft, a clutch operatively connected to said counter, clutch shifting mechanism to connect said clutch to said shaft, electrically operated means for actuating said clutch.
shifting mechanism to connect said clutch to said shaft for operation of said counter, a control circuit for said means to cause its actuation including a switch operable by a sorted coin, an electrically operated brake for said motor, a current supply circuit for said motor and a current supply circuit for said brake including a relay having switches in said motor supply circuit and said brake supply circuit and a control circuit including said counter operated switch and said relay whereby the operation of said counter operated switch causes operation of said relay and its switches to open the motor circuit and close the brake operating circuit.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,799,784 Donnellan Apr. 7, 1931 2,522,734 Wood Sept. 19, 1950 2,543,790 Maher Mar. 6, 1951 2,635,730 Seckula Apr. 21, 1953 2,642,882 Buchholz June 23, 1953 FOREIGN PATENTS 284,822 Great Britain of 1928
Patent Citations
Referenced by
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Danny Hart kills this downhill course. I wish Montanan's were as passionate about mountain biking as these announcers.
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King University senior Tiffany Baines will be awarded the inaugural Tennessee Sports Hall of Fame Jeff Byrd Memorial Scholarship. Baines will receive the award alongside the inductees of the King University Tornado Athletics...More
Dr. Han Chuan Ong, associate professor of Biology for King University, along with his Ecology of Plants students and members of the Alpha Phi Omega, served as course marshals for the inaugural Bristol Half & Half race on...More
Alumni and friends of King University are invited to join in the upcoming Dogwood Weekend which offers classmates and friends of the University opportunities to gather, reminisce, and reconnect.More
Students planning to start class at King University this fall will have the opportunity to take an early look at campus life during Access King on Saturday, April 20.More
On April 15, The Buechner Institute at King University will welcome back author, commentator, and undertaker Thomas Lynch as the final speaker in the 2012-13 Buechner Lecture Series. More
For eighteen years, the Journal of the Assembly for Expanded Perspectives on Learning has been providing a forum to encourage research, theory, and classroom practices involving the expanded concepts of language. More
King University has unveiled a new web-based resource designed to assist students in determining the best academic path for the career they plan to pursue.More
King's Photography department will present a photography exhibition by three King students and one King alumnus as part of Knoxville's Dogwood Arts Festival. More
This summer, working adults in East Tennessee and Southwest Virginia will have the opportunity to complete their associate, bachelor's degree or master's degree from King University. More
King has been granted acceptance into the Lautenschläger Azekah Expedition, an Israeli-German led archaeological expedition of the biblical site of Tel Azekah in Israel.More
Chet Nagle, a former agent of the Central Intelligence Agency, who is routinely described as "a legend" by CIA insiders will speak at King University on Mar. 25 and 26.More
This summer both King students and members of the surrounding community will have the opportunity to study the Greek language during the University's summer term.More
King University will host two information sessions for Graduate and Professional Studies & Online Programs on Tuesday, March 26 at Walters State Community College.More
King University will host an Open House on Monday, April 8 from 5:30 p.m. to 7:30 p.m. at the University's Knoxville campus located at The Village at Hardin ValleyMore
Beginning fall 2013, King University will offer a four-semester clinically ready Bachelor of Science in Nursing degree at the schools Hardin Valley location in Knoxville. More
Caryl Griffin, founder of the Elizabeth R. Griffin Research Foundation, will speak at King University on Monday, April 8, 2013 as part of the Buechner Institute Lecture Series.More
Freshman honor students participating in the freshman Science Seminar class will travel to Trevecca Nazarene University to launch an experiment into the stratosphere on April 19. More
King University was named to the 2013 President's Higher Education Community Service Honor Roll. King was one of only 690 institutions of higher education across the U.S. to receive this accolade. More
King University science students along with Dr. Ray Bloomer, and Dr. John Gilmer travelled to Oak Ridge, Tenn., for a tour of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy.More
King University, 88.3 FM WCQR, and sponsoring partner Eastman Credit Union announced Ted Blumberg of Gray, Tenn., as the winner of the eighth annual College Dream scholarship promotion. More


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Villa Maria girls golf team finishes 2nd in the State Team Tournament in York. McDowell finished 4th in AAA. The Cathedral Prep boys were 6th in AAA and the Titusville boys 5th in AA.
Cathedral Prep water polo beats McDowell 19-9.
Cathedral Prep water polo beats McDowell 19-9.
Copyright 2013 Nexstar Broadcasting, Inc. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.


text: clousdelbosqSLAL by Chris | 18th, May 2010 Tweet Posted in | No Comments » By Chris on May 18th, 2010 in . You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site. Like Us Follow @waatpies Share this article Tweet


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A tibial insert and baseplate system is disclosed for a prosthesis. The tibial baseplate is right or left knee specific while the insert is symmetrical about an anterior-posterior centerline and is thus not right or left knee specific. The baseplate has an outer periphery which is asymmetrical to mate exactly with either the left or right tibia but not with both. The upper surface of the baseplate, which also has an asymmetrical periphery, in addition, defines a symmetrical housing within the periphery for the symmetrical insert.
1. A bicondylar baseplate for a prosthesis, said baseplate adapted to couple with an insert, said insert having a medial condyle compartment and a lateral condyle compartment configured to articulate with femoral condyles, said baseplate comprising:
a medial end with a first arcuate outer perimeter having a first radius of curvature;
a lateral end with a second arcuate outer perimeter having a second radius of curvature, said first radius of curvature being greater than said second radius of curvature; and
means adapted for receiving said insert on an upper surface of said baseplate, said means adapted for receiving comprising a recess formed within said baseplate, said recess having arcuate peripheral ledges internally circumscribed on said baseplate, said ledges having equal radii, wherein each compartment of said insert has arcuate outer perimeters of equal radius for positioning in juxtaposition with said arcuate peripheral ledges.
2. The baseplate in claim 1 further comprising:
a single notch between said medial end and said lateral end, said notch being behind a medial-lateral centerline.
3. The baseplate in claim 1 further comprising:
means for locking said insert to said baseplate, said locking means comprising overhangs on said ledges.
4. The baseplate in claim 3 wherein said locking means further includes at least one recessed lip for receiving a flexible latch attached to an underside of said insert.
5. The baseplate in claim 2 further comprising:
means for locking said insert to said baseplate, said locking means comprising overhangs positioned on either side of said notch.
6. The baseplate as recited in claim 1 further comprising:
means for securing said baseplate to a resected surface on a patient's tibia.
7. An implantable bicondylar plate, configured to mate with an end of a first bone, and configured to support a detachable insert, said insert having more than one condyle compartment for mating with more than one condyle at an end of a second bone, said condyle and said insert adapted for controlling articulation between said first and second bones when in mated relationship, said end of said first bone having an asymmetrical circumference with respect to medial and lateral edges of said end, said plate comprising:
means on a bottom surface thereof for attachment to said first bone, said bottom surface being an ellipse with differing circumferences with respect to medial and lateral ends of said bottom surface so as to mate coextensively with said end of said first bone; and
a top surface having a circumferential lip at a periphery thereof and extending upward from said top surface, said lip having a width which varies such that an outside periphery of said lip is asymmetrical and identical with the circumferences of said bottom surface and such that an inner periphery of said lip is symmetrical about both an anterior-posterior centerline and a medial-lateral centerline, said lip defining a support area for said insert.
8. The implantable plate in claim 7 further including a single notch between said medial and lateral ends located behind said medial-lateral centerline.
9. The implantable plate in claim 7 further comprising:
means for locking said insert to said plate.
10. The implantable plate in claim 9 wherein said locking means further includes at least one recessed lip configured to receive a flexible latch attached to an underside of said insert.
11. The implantable plate in claim 8 further comprising:
means for locking said insert to said plate, said locking means comprising overhangs positioned on either side of said notch.
12. The implantable plate as recited in claim 7 further comprising:
means for securing said plate to a resected surface on a patient's tibia.
13. A prosthesis comprising:
an insert; and
a biocondylar baseplate having:
a medial end with a first arcuate outer perimeter;
a lateral end with a second arcuate outer perimeter, said first arcuate outer perimeter having a first radius of curvature greater than a second radius of curvature associated with the second arcuate outer perimeter;
means for receiving said insert on an upper surface of said baseplate, said insert having a medial condyle compartment and a lateral condyle compartment for articulating with femoral condyles of a femoral component, said receiving means comprising arcuate peripheral ledges circumscribed on said baseplate, said ledges having equal radii, wherein each compartment of said insert has arcuate outer perimeters of equal radius for positioning in juxtaposition with said peripheral ledges.
14. The prosthesis in claim 13 wherein said baseplate, said insert and said femoral component each include:
a notch between the medial end and the lateral end, the notch being behind a medial-lateral centerline.
15. The prosthesis in claim 13 wherein said baseplate is configured to connect to a human tibia and wherein said femoral component is configured to connect to a human femur.
This invention relates to orthopedic prostheses, and more particularly to prostheses utilized in joint replacements.
There is a well known fact that the joints of humans as well as animals deteriorate over time. Sometimes deterioration occurs because of disease due to aging and sometimes due to a trauma. The knee joint is perhaps the one joint that has given people the most trouble over the years because of its essential function to the mobility of humans. Thus, quite naturally, a great deal of research has gone into the development of replacement knees. Today, because of this widespread research, a significant portion of our population is again mobile and relatively free of pain. This great step forward in medical research has not been without its difficulties. Primarily because of the tremendous stresses placed on the knee joint, there continues to be a need for improvement to eliminate the last vestiges of pain and suffering.
Prosthetic surgery involving the excision and removal of deteriorated and diseased bone tissue in knee and hip joints has now become quite common. Typically, artificial members of plastic and/or metal compatible with the human body are substituted for the removed natural bone segments and anchored to the remaining bone structure.
The bearing surfaces of the knee joint are especially vulnerable to stress, arthritic and other disease induced deterioration. Prosthetic correction is necessary when the surfaces become so damaged that other less drastic techniques have little or no prospect of success.
In a healthy knee, the lower leg bone, called the tibia, has at its upper end a pair of concave surfaces. These concave surfaces meet with condyles which are formed in the lower end of the femur, which is the upper leg bone. This meeting is protected by the patella (knee cap). Thus, in a knee replacement operation, the upper end of the tibia is removed as is the lower end of the femur, and these bones are replaced with prostheses, which are designed to operate together.
In the past, there have been two major types of knee prostheses: hinged and non-hinged. In one form, the knee was resected and replaced by a metal hinged-type device with deep penetration into the remaining femoral and tibial bone structure by means of flared and thick stems. The range of movement was limited and patients were seldom able to flex the knee beyond 90° . Moreover, implantation required the removal of a significant amount of the bone with a shortening of the limb if for any reason the prosthesis was later removed.
More recent prostheses using a different approach attempt to structurally resurface both of the articulating surfaces of the knee to provide a non-hinged type prosthesis. Such prostheses seek to remedy the failure of hinged devices, and involve two components which are respectively connected with the femur and tibia and held in engagement by the muscles and ligaments to produce a more lifelike situation.
The non-hinged knee prostheses must contend with the particulars of the human knee joint. The tibia is situated at the front (anterior) and inner (medial) side of the lower leg and, except for the femur, is the longest and largest bone in the human skeleton. It is prismoid in form, expanded above, where it enters into the knee joint. The head of the tibia is large and expanded on each side into two eminences called the tuberosities. The tops of these present two smooth concave surfaces which articulate within the knee with the condyles of the femur. The medial condyle is more prominent anteriorly and broader both in the anterior-posterior (front-rear) and transverse diameters than is the outside (lateral) condyle. Accordingly, the lateral top articular surface of the tibia is longer, deeper and narrower than the medial surface of the tibia so as to articulate with the lateral condyle. The medial surface is broader and more circular, concave from side to side, to articulate with the medial condyle. The anterior surfaces of the tuberosities are continuous with one another, forming a single large surface which is somewhat flattened. Posteriorly the tuberosities are separated from each other by a shallow depression for attachment of ligaments. The inner (medial) tuberosity presents posteriorly a deep transverse groove for the insertion of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL).
In the past, tibial prostheses (commonly called baseplates because they fit beneath the condyles of the femur) were manufactured with total symmetry for use with both left and right knees which, as was discussed above, are not symmetrical. Although the symmetrical components were interchangeable between the right or left tibia, there were problems with the baseplate overhanging the lateral tibial bone surface or undersized on the medial tibial bone surface. The result was a compromise in the fit of the prosthesis. In response thereto, asymmetric tibial prostheses (baseplates) were developed to more closely approximate the natural tibial anatomy. The problem with such asymmetric tibial prostheses is that they require asymmetric, or knee specific removable tibial baseplate inserts (the concave bearing surface which actually contacts the femoral condyles) necessitating the need for a hospital to maintain an inventory of left and right knee specific inserts.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,963,152 provides a partial solution to the problems associated with symmetrical tibial prostheses. The patent discloses an asymmetrical tibial prosthesis whereby asymmetry is created by having the outer radius which describes the medial condyle slightly greater than the outer radius describing the lateral condyle. However, the baseplate is symmetrical about the medial-lateral centerline, allowing it to be used on either left or right tibia by rotating the baseplate 180° about the centerline. The insert, which is designed to mate with the baseplate, is also symmetrical about the medial-lateral centerline. The disadvantage of such a tibial prosthesis is that it must include an anterior as well as a posterior relief notch for the PCL in order to allow the baseplate to be reversed and thus usable on either the left or right knee. The "extra" notch, along with the symmetrical geometry of the baseplate about the medial-lateral centerline, does not provide the best coverage of the prosthesis upon the head of the tibia.
In order to provide the best coverage, the baseplate should be formed with only one notch for the PCL and thus cannot be symmetrical about either the medial-lateral centerline or the anterior-posterior centerline. However, such a baseplate would require a correspondingly asymmetrical insert under the teachings of the prior art.
Since these inserts may wear out and require replacement prior to the tibial baseplate, it becomes more costly from an administrative standpoint to maintain an inventory of both left and right knee inserts.
What is needed is a low cost symmetrical tibial insert that can be mass-produced so as to lower inventory and replacement costs and which is still usable in conjunction with an asymmetric tibial baseplate.
The object of the present invention is to provide a knee prosthesis having a tibial baseplate specific to the left or right tibia but allowing for the placement of an insert which is symmetrical about its anterior-posterior centerline and thus not left or right knee specific. The knee prosthesis also includes a femoral component having condyles for articulating with the condyle compartments of the symmetrical insert.
The present invention is for a knee replacement prosthesis comprising a baseplate having a medial end with a first arcuate outer perimeter and a lateral end with a second arcuate outer perimeter. The first arcuate outer perimeter has a radius of curvature greater than the radius of curvature associated with the second arcuate outer perimeter. The baseplate also has a means for receiving an insert on the upper surface of the baseplate, this means including arcuate peripheral ledges having equal radii circumscribed on the baseplate within the outer unequal radii. The insert has a medial condyle compartment and a lateral condyle compartment for articulating with femoral condyles of a femoral component. Each compartment has arcuate outer perimeters of equal radius for positioning in juxtaposition with the peripheral ledges of the baseplate.
The baseplate, insert and femoral component each include a notch between the medial end and the lateral end behind the medial-lateral centerline to allow for the PCL.
The baseplate is connectable to a human tibia and the femoral component is connectable to a human femur.
The baseplate further includes overhangs on the ledges along with at least one recessed lip for receiving a flexible latch attached to the underside of the insert for locking the insert to the baseplate. The baseplate also includes means for securing the baseplate to a resected surface of a patient's tibia. This means could include, if desired, a post which is received into a hole drilled into the head of the tibia whereby the post is bonded into the hole. Also, a hole within the tibial baseplate could be included, if desired, to allow for the baseplate to be attached to the resected head of the tibia with a bone screw.
The baseplate has a substantially elliptical circumference with the medial end having a radius different from the radius of the lateral end so that the baseplate precisely fits upon the resected surface of the tibia for the left and right knees. This eliminates an overhang of the baseplate beyond the circumference of the resected portion of the tibia resulting in a better fit of the tibial baseplate onto the tibia. The asymmetrical baseplate is configured to receive a symmetrical insert onto its upper surface. Thus, any one insert may be mounted to a left or right knee specific baseplate. The insert is configured with substantially similar medial and lateral condyle compartments for articulation with the femoral condyles of a femoral component when the total prosthesis is implanted within the knee.
The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technical advantages of the present invention in order that the detailed description of the invention that follows may be better understood. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be described hereinafter which form the subject of the claims of the invention. It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the conception and the specific embodiment disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention. It should also be realized by those skilled in the art that such equivalent constructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.
For a more complete understanding of the present invention, and the advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 illustrates an exploded view of a total knee replacement including a femoral component, a tibial baseplate and a corresponding tibial insert;
FIG. 2 illustrates a top view of the tibial insert;
FIG. 3 illustrates a bottom view of the tibial insert;
FIG. 4 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the tibial insert of FIG. 2 along section lines 4--4;
FIG. 5 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the tibial insert of FIG. 2 along section lines 5--5;
FIG. 6 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the tibial insert of FIG. 2 along section lines 6--6;
FIG. 7 illustrates a detail of a locking mechanism for securing the tibial insert to the tibial baseplate;
FIG. 8 illustrates a top view of a tibia baseplate for implant in a right knee;
FIG. 9 illustrates a bottom view of the tibial baseplate for implant in a right knee; and
FIG. 10 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an assembled tibial baseplate and insert utilizing the cross-sectional view of the insert in FIG. 5.
Referring to FIG. 1, there is shown knee replacement 10 observed from behind the right knee which generally consists of femoral component 11 having medial condyle 14 and lateral condyle 15. Femoral component 11 is attached to femur 16 by the surgeon and operates in conjunction with tibial baseplate 13 attached to tibia 17 and insert 12 mounted to baseplate 13.
The superior insert surface, shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, is divided into three areas, medial condyle compartment 20, tibial eminence 40, and lateral condyle compartment 21. Condyle compartments 20 and 21 have substantially similar concave geometries and form the articulating surface for medial condyle 14 and lateral condyle 15 of femoral component 11. Since condyle compartments 20 and 21 are substantially identical and insert 12 is symmetrical about the anterior-posterior centerline (shown in FIG. 3), the terms "medial" and "lateral" are meaningful only after insert 12 is actually placed in a knee. Before placement of insert 12 into a knee, the two terms are completely interchangeable. This can be visualized if one were to imagine a left knee with a knee replacement positioned to the left of knee replacement 10. Such a left knee replacement would have a baseplate (similar to baseplate 13) (not shown) with its wider medial radius facing right while the wider medial radius of baseplate 13 faces left. The left and right baseplates are mirror images resulting in the medial end of each baseplate having a larger radius than the lateral end.
Refer next to FIG. 5, which is cross-section 5--5 of medial condyle compartment 20 of FIG. 2, and includes both an anterior lip 50 and a posterior lip 51 to limit anterior and posterior motion. Lateral condyle compartment 21 is similarly designed as medial condyle compartment 20. The contouring of condyle compartments 20 and 21 allows for normal internal and external rotation of the articulating couple and also allows for anterior-posterior and medial-lateral movement.
Referring to FIG. 2, the central portion of tibial eminence 40 supplies medial-lateral stability. Posterior portion 22 of insert 12 is notched to allow clearance for the PCL (not shown) when mated with tibial baseplate 13.
As shown in FIGS. 3-6, inferior insert surface 30 of insert 12 is flat, with indented edge 41 around its outer periphery. Edge 41 allows insert 12 to nest into the recess on the superior side of baseplate 13. Symmetrical insert 12 is locked into baseplate 13 by means of medial and lateral posterior "L" shaped protrusions 52 (shown in FIG. 5) which fit under overhangs 88 and 89 in baseplate 13, shown in FIG. 8. As illustrated in FIGS. 1, 3, 5-8 and 10, three anterior snap-locks 70, 71 and 72 are engaged into notch 80 on baseplate 13 with an inferiorly-directed force. Of course, any type of locking device could be used, including cement.
Referring to FIG. 6, passageway 60 is formed within tibial eminence 40 to allow insertion of a screw (not shown) to allow for an additional attachment of insert 12 to baseplate 13 whereby the screw is fastened to hole 81 in baseplate 13.
Insert 12 is preferably formed of an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWpe) in pure or fiber reinforced form produced by injection molding, compression molding or machining from bar or slab stock. Other biocompatible, low friction materials having a low wear rate, which can be shaped by molding or machining, could also be used.
Insert 12 (FIG. 2) is symmetrical about the anterior-posterior centerline (shown in FIG. 3) with only one notch 22 for the PCL. An advantage is ease of manufacture resulting in lower manufacturing and inventory costs for inserts that must be replaced due to wear and tear since insert 12 of the present invention is manufactured for use on both the right and left knees. In the present invention, the tolerances and geometries of medial and lateral condyles 20, 21 are substantially similar and are not dependent upon whether insert 12 is placed in the right or left knee. The manufacture of one common symmetrical insert allows the hospital to reduce its required inventory of inserts and relieves the physician of one more decision on whether or not the insert being placed in the tibial baseplate is the correct one for that particular knee.
Turning now to FIGS. 8 and 9, there is shown baseplate 13 which is implanted by the surgeon onto the resected head of tibia 17 (see FIG. 1). This implant can be attached in any one of a number of ways including gluing to tibia 17. One way would be for the surgeon to drill holes into the resected head of tibia 17 and to insert pegs 90, 91, 92 and 93 into the tibia holes as shown in FIG. 1. The surgeon could also, if desired, place screws through holes 83 and 84 of baseplate 13 into tibia 17. In any event, baseplate 13 is permanently mounted to tibia 17.
As shown in FIG. 10, insert 12 is then snapped into baseplate 13 such that "L" shaped protrusions 52 shown in FIG. 5 of the posterior side of insert 12 slip into overhangs 88 and 89. Then snap-locks 70, 71 and 72 (flexible latches) of insert 12, which are located on the anterior side of insert 12, are snapped into notch 80 having a recessed lip, thereby locking insert 12 to baseplate 13.
It is important to note that insert 12, as has been discussed previously, is symmetrical about the anterior-posterior centerline such that the radius of curvature of the periphery of insert 12 measured from points within condyle 21 and condyle 20 is the same. Also note that as shown in FIG. 8, the radius of curvature of the medial circumference of outer periphery 86 of right knee baseplate 13 is R1, while the radius of curvature of the lateral circumference of outer periphery 87 of baseplate 13 is R3, and that R1 is greater than R3 so as to accommodate the physical structure of tibia 17 of the right knee, as discussed previously, such that medial radius of curvature R1 is greater than lateral radius of curvature R3. This allows baseplate 13 to fit coextensively on tibia 17 of the right knee so that there is no overhang or underhang, thereby more evenly distributing the load, thus reducing the occurrence of soft tissue rubbing on the overhang or the baseplate sinking into tibia if it is undersized. Note that the baseplate for the left knee would be the mirror image about the anterior-posterior centerline such that R3 would be longer than R1.
These differences in radius of curvature between R1 and R3 give rise to the fact that the surgeon must use a left baseplate and a right baseplate which are not symmetrical about the medial-lateral centerline and thus cannot be "reversed" thereby requiring two different baseplates. However, because the internal radii R2 of baseplate 13 for both left and right baseplate inserts are identical, insert 12 can be used in either the right or left baseplate. This then allows for only one kind of insert in inventory and allows for insert 12, as discussed above, to be symmetrical about its anterior-posterior axis.
As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the posterior section of baseplate 13 contains groove 85 for allowing the patient's PCL to pass therethrough.
Although the present invention and its advantages have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
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For the first time in Lindsay Lohan's career she might actually go to jail! And it's not for a DUI, coke possession, or stealing, it's for the lesser of all her crimes…lying to cops.
Let me jog your memory, Lindsay was in a car accident on PCH over the summer and when cops asked if she was driving the vehicle, she lied and said her assistant was driving. Too bad, tons of witnesses saw her driving the car.
Despite the LA County District Attorney telling us back in August that they would not file criminal charges against the actress, law enforcement sources have told TMZ that the Santa Monica City Attorney will file the case as a misdemeanor this week.
So Lindsay's going to be charged with lying to police and this is bad because she's on probation from the jewelry heist. If Judge Sautner wants to, she can send Lindsay back to the clink, but it will probably only be for like a few hours if Lindsay's Hollywood attorneys have anything to do with it.
Law enforcement officials also revealed that Lindsay had prescription pills in her car and they were going to charge her for drug crimes but LiLo's lawyer Shawn Holley showed cops Lindsay's prescription.
Lindsay almost didn't lie to police. She lied to police about being behind the wheel when she got to the hospital just as her lawyer was on her way to tell Lindsay to stop talking to police. Too bad she was too late to the hospital and Lindsay got her lie out.


text:
All quotes tagged Party
(3822 quotes found)
"Here's a good thing to do if you go to a party and you don't know anybody: First take out the garbage. Then go around and collect any extra garbage that people might have, like a crumpled napkin, and take that out too. Pretty soon people will want to meet the busy garbage guy."
"How can one conceive of a one-party system in a country that has over two hundred varieties of cheese?"
"Recently I heard a 'wise guy' story that I had a party at my home for twenty-five men. It's an interesting story, but I don't know twenty-five men I'd want to invite ta a party."
"It makes no difference who you vote for - the two parties are really one party representing four percent of the people"
"Whether we and our politicians know it or not, Nature is party to all our deals and decisions, and she has more votes, a longer memory, and a sterner sense of justice than we do"
"When the doctrine of allegiance to party can utterly up-end a man's moral constitution and make a temporary fool of him besides, what excuse are you going to offer for preaching it, teaching it, extending it, perpetuating it? Shall you say, the best good of the country demands allegiance to party? Shall you also say it demands that a man kick his truth and his conscience into the gutter, and become a mouthing lunatic, besides?"


text:
Gonna be a boring summer...
By fishmicmuffin 28 Comments
So I am going to have 2 months this summer where I will not have access to good internet (so I won't be able to play games online) and anything other than a PC. I also will not be around anyone that I know. As such, I am going to be extremely bored. I was hoping someone here could suggest some good single player games that I could play to pass the time between the working hours and the sleeping hours. I'm open to just about any type of game, so feel free to suggest anything. My PC isn't the greatest either so I will not be playing games for the graphics.
The one series of games I like more than just about anything else is the Fire Emblem series. However, as I said, I'm open to anything. If you know about a good turn based strategy game on the PC though, let me know!
EDIT: I should probably mention that I do plan on going outside and doing stuff. I am going to be in Albuquerque though, so when it gets to be extremely hot I want the games as something to do while I relax indoors.


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How many angry about dropping firewire in new Macbook pros?
seeing I have spent a fortune on various firewire video components cameras and external drives I can say with certainty that I am unimpressed with the new macbooks only because of this mistake. I Do not care about steve Jobs opinion he gets his stuff for free. I wanted the new macbook but in fact it is USELESS to me.
personaly I would prefer also adding serial ata jack & firewire
Hadn't realized this omission on the new model till you pointed it out, but definitely agree that not including firewire was not a cool idea. I'm with you on that. Rats! I was looking forward to having a look at them, too.
The MBPs have one 800 Firewire port. But the MBs don't. I don't think that I could survive with out my firewire ports.
Yes, it the Macbook that they completely removed the Firewire from. The new MBP has a FW800 and an Express Card slot so you can affix say a FW400 card.
So yes, am VERY mad about the Macbook because people like you and I are totally stuck with no way out except by spending a lot more for an MBP.
I recently got into filming and want to start a little production company with a few buddies and because of this I even told my friend to not waste the money on a new macbook because of the firewire being gone. He can't afford a MBP so it looks like were stuck using my macbook and one of my other friends macbooks for the videos. I can't wait until my brother gets one of the new MBP's i am so going over to my family house and live there for a few days just to mess with the MBP lol.
I'm still ticked off that they stopped including floppy drives and SCSI hard drives.
Seriously folks... firewire 400 has run its course and it's time to move on. If you have legacy devices that require firewire 400, then suck it up and buy the Pro or buy the "old" MacBook. Or switch to Windows, buy a Dell, and get over it. This is life and Apple has no obligation to support an interface that has been superceded by newer ones for some years now.
Never used it...so how can i miss it :)
And what interfaces are those? USB 2? Be serious. And there are MANY who can not afford a Macbook Pro Including ME. You telling me to go back to Vista? Since I am a mod here I will hold back a bit but that will be the day when someone tells me what OS to run.
USB 3 might be very nice but I do not see anything but USB 2.0 in a new Macbook and USB 2.0 is very slow with file transfer to and from an external HDD.
Floppy drives? That is not even a fair thing to compare this to at all.
The way I understood it, and this is just me, is that USB was for the masses, and firewire was much more of a professional type of thing (hence my audio equipment using firewire). Hence, the mass notebook (MB) not having it anymore, and the Pro moving to the upgraded version of it (FW800). Someone else on the forum said (and I am paraphrasing) that most people with MB's probably don't even know what the heck that port is for, and I totally agree with that.
Is it crappy that they dropped it? For some people it is, but for most (read mass notebook model) it isn't a big deal at all. While I was at the store the other day I saw AT LEAST 15 MB's go out the door, and I bet not a single one of those people even knew, nor noticed, firewire missing.
I think a better comparison is when Apple switched from PPC to Intel. There was mass hysteria when that happened, but life moved on and so did the people. This, like everything else, will pass.
Just my two cents. :)
lifeafter2am, I see your points and agree to a point :D but still it will hurt thousands or people who really need Firewire and want a new Macbook.
I really was glad by the way when they went Intel as I knew performance would be higher and better compatibility with the rest of the world. I actually welcomed that switch.
I would go with a Pro if I could, but there is no way I can afford the difference. For my uses the new construction of the MacBook will be much nicer and more rugged in the field where I have to use my notebook. Also the LED display is superior. I have seen the old MB side by side with the MBA and it's amazing how much brighter and clearer it is, but I need the interface, so I will have to stick with my older machine for now.
Yeah, I was happy when they went Intel as well, even though I have always had a soft spot for RISC architecture.
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text:
Target Store Team Leader-Raleigh in Raleigh North Carolina United States
Title: Store Team Leader-Raleigh Location: North Carolina-Raleigh Other Locations: null
Similar Industry Titles and Key Words: Store Manager in Training, General Manager in Training
About This Opportunity Use your business, leadership and people skills to inspire exceptional performance. Maximize sales and profits for your Target store. Ensure great guest service and team member satisfaction. Create a fast-paced, energetic environment that delivers a consistent Target brand experience for team members and guests.
Use your skills, experience and talents to be a part of groundbreaking thinking and visionary goals. As a Store Team Leader, you'll take the lead as you... * Own and champion Target-brand presentation of the entire store * Manage a team of 150-500 team members * Work to attain maximum profits, sales, return on investment, market share, guest goodwill and team member satisfaction * Uphold the quality and productivity of every aspect of your store * Direct all merchandising, operational and personnel functions * Act as leader on duty responding to guest and team member concerns, as well as opening and closing the store and ensuring all Target property and personnel are secure Requirements * 4-year college degree * Supervisor level experience * Strong cognitive skills, including problem analysis, decision making, financial and quantitative analysis * Inspire and motivate your team to ensure high performing as well as Fast, Fun and Friendly store * Ability to continuously move around all areas of the store on a daily basis, as well as ability to lift 40lbs * Ability to work flexible hours including nights and weekends Benefits Eligible team members will receive one of the best earnings packages anywhere, including competitive pay, all-around insurance coverage, 401(k), flexible scheduling, training and development and many other perks and benefits. Target is an Equal Employment Opportunity Employer and is a drug-free workplace.
About Target® Expect the Best. At Target, we have a vision: to become the best - the best culture and brand, the best place for growth and the company with the best reputation. We offer an inclusive, collaborative and energetic work environment that rewards those who perform. We deliver engaging, innovative and on-trend experiences for our team members and our guests. We invest in our team members' futures by developing leaders and providing a breadth of opportunities for professional development. It takes the best to become the best, and we are committed to building a team that does the right thing for our guests, shareholders, team members and communities.
Minneapolis-based Target Corporation serves guests at stores nationwide and at Target.com. Target is committed to providing a fun and convenient shopping experience with access to unique and highly differentiated products at affordable prices. Since 1946, the corporation has given 5 percent of its income through community grants and programs like Take Charge of Education®.
null Organization: null


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Description: Girl's blouse and shorts pattern in sizes 5, 6, 7, 8, 10 and 12. Click here for pattern back.
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Description: From Favorite Things Patterns, the Flip Skirt is one skirt with two different looks and only two pattern pieces! A simple six panel, pull on skirt with an elasticized waistband! Reversible and comfortable, these skirts are great for travel and ...
Description: Jazzy Girl is a drop-waist skirt with box pleats and an elasticized waist. Optional side details add interest. Shorts can be added under the skirt as well. View A is above the knee and View B is at the knees ...
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