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Creating and maintaining cell data records in a multidimensional database is disclosed. The systems and methods of the invention define an efficient mechanism to specify a cell's location within the multidimensional database where there are hierarchies of levels within a dimension. The format used lends itself well to indexing, and also to creating aggregations of the cell data.
1. A computerized method for creating a cell record for a multidimensional database, the method comprising:
receiving a measurement data item for a cell, said cell identified by a first member, said first member having a first dimension and a first level;
creating a first dimension path for the first member by:
determining a set of dimension members on a path between the first dimension member and a top-level member, said path including the top-level member and the first dimension member; and
for each dimension member in the set of dimension members, performing the tasks of:
determining a member number, and
concatenating the member number into the first dimension path;
inserting the first dimension path into a system path field of the cell record; and
inserting the measurement data item into a measurement field of the cell record.
2. The computerized method of
3. The computerized method of
creating a second dimension path for the second member; and
concatenating the second dimension path with the first dimension in the system path.
4. The computerized method of
determining a set of dimension members on a path between the second dimension member and a top-level member, said path including the top-level member and the second dimension member; and
for each dimension member in the set of dimension members, performing the tasks of:
determining a member number, and
concatenating the member number into the first second dimension path.
5. The computerized method of
6. A computerized method for determining an aggregation measure, the method comprising:
identifying an aggregation measure and an aggregation system path, said aggregation system path having an aggregation dimension and an aggregation level;
for each record of a plurality of records, each record having a system path, said system path having a dimension path, said dimension path having a plurality of level components, performing the following tasks:
setting a level component corresponding to the aggregation level to a null value, and
setting each level component corresponding to a level below the aggregation level to the null value;
selecting a subset of the plurality of records where the system path equals the aggregation system path; and
summing a measure corresponding to the aggregation measure in each record of the subset to create an aggregated measure.
7. The method of
8. The method of
9. The method of
10. A computer-readable medium having computer-executable instructions for performing a method comprising:
receiving a measurement data item for a cell, said cell identified by a first member, said first member having a first dimension and a first level;
creating a first dimension path for the first member by:
determining a set of dimension members on a path between the first dimension member and a top-level member, said path including the top-level member and the first dimension member; and
for each dimension member in the set of dimension members, performing the tasks of:
determining a member number, and
concatenating the member number into the first dimension path;
inserting the first dimension path into a system path field of the cell record; and
inserting the measurement data item into a measurement field of the cell record.
11. The computer-readable medium of
12. The computer-readable medium of
creating a second dimension path for the second member; and
concatenating the second dimension path with the first dimension in the system path.
13. The computer-readable medium of
determining a set of dimension members on a path between the second dimension member and a top-level member, said path including the top-level member and the second dimension member; and
for each dimension member in the set of dimension members, performing the tasks of:
determining a member number, and
concatenating the member number into the first second dimension path.
14. The computer-readable medium of
15. A computer-readable medium having computer-executable instructions for performing a method comprising:
identifying an aggregation measure and an aggregation system path, said aggregation system path having an aggregation dimension and an aggregation level;
for each record of a plurality of records, each record having a system path, said system path having a dimension path, said dimension path having a plurality of level components, performing the following tasks:
setting a level component corresponding to the aggregation level to a null value, and
setting each level component corresponding to a level below the aggregation level to the null value;
selecting a subset of the plurality of records where the system path equals the aggregation system path; and
summing a measure corresponding to the aggregation measure in each record of the subset to create an aggregated measure.
16. The computer-readable medium of
17. The computer-readable medium of
18. The computer-readable medium of
19. A computerized system comprising:
a processor and a computer-readable medium;
an operating environment executing on the processor from the computer-readable medium;
a fact data store;
a local data store; and
an OLAP server executing under the control of the operating environment and operative to perform the tasks of:
reading a plurality of detail records from the fact data store,
for each of the plurality of detail records performing the tasks of:
creating a cell record having a system path and at least one measure corresponding to a value from the detail record, and
storing the cell record in the local data store,
wherein at least one of the fact data store and the local data store is a relational database.
20. A computer-readable medium having stored thereon a data structure comprising:
a system path field identifying a cell member, said system path field comprising at least one dimension path, said dimension path having a plurality of ordinal numbers, each of said ordinal numbers corresponding to a member on a path between a top-level member and a dimension member represented by the system path field, the path including the dimension member, the top-level member, and each member therebetween, all of the ordinal numbers representing the dimension members being concatenated to form the system path field; and
at least one measure field comprising a value for a measure associated with the member identified by the system path field.
This application is related to the following applications, all of which are filed on the same day and assigned to the same assignee as the present application:
"Aggregation Design in Database Services"—Ser. No. 09/338,212, filed on Jun. 22, 1999 issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,366,905 on Apr. 2, 2002,
"Aggregation Size Estimation in Relational and OLAP Databases"—Ser. No. 09/338,390 filed on Jun. 22, 1999,
"Aggregation Performance Estimation in Relational and OLAP Databases"—Ser. No. 09/337,751 filed on Jun. 22, 1999 issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,374,234 on Apr. 16, 2002,
"Usage Based Aggregation Optimization"—Ser. No. 09/337,226 filed Jun. 22, 1999, and
"Record for Multidimensional Database With Flexible Pathing"—Ser. No. 09/338,207 filed on Jun. 22, 1999.
A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material that is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent files or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever. The following notice shall apply to this document: Copyright � 1999, Microsoft, Inc.
The present invention pertains generally to computer-implemented databases, and more particularly to storing records in such databases.
Online analytical processing (OLAP) is a key part of most data warehouse and business analysis systems. OLAP services provide for fast analysis of multidimensional information. For this purpose, OLAP services provide for multidimensional access and navigation of data in an intuitive and natural way, providing a global view of data that can be drilled down into particular data of interest. Speed and response time are important attributes of OLAP services that allow users to browse and analyze data online in an efficient manner. Further, OLAP services typically provide analytical tools to rank, aggregate, and calculate lead and lag indicators for the data under analysis.
In this context, a dimension is a structural attribute of a cube that is a list of members of a similar type in the user's perception of the data. Typically, there is a hierarchy associated with the dimension. For example, a time dimension can consist of days, weeks, months, and years, while a geography dimension can consist of cities, states/provinces, and countries. Dimension members act as indices for identifying a particular cell or range of cells within a multidimensional array. Each cell contains a value, also referred to as a measurement.
One issue regarding the design of multidimensional databases is how to represent the cells in the multidimensional space. One potential design choice is to represent the multidimensional space as an array of cells, with the size of the array determined by the multiplication of the number of points in each dimension. A significant problem with this approach is that the size of the database grows exponentially as the number of dimensions and the size of each dimension increases. This leads to a rapid depletion of the physical resources such as persistent storage and RAM required to implement the database. This phenomenon is known as data explosion for multidimensional databases.
In addition, much of the space is wasted in the above-mentioned approach. Data in multidimensional databases tends to be sparse, that is, not every cell is expected to have a value associated with it. For example, consider a Store dimension having a hierarchy of Country, State, and City specifying the location of a store, and a Product dimension having a product identification and a product count measure. No store in the in the database will be expected to stock every possible product, and in fact any one store may only stock 20% of the available products. In this situation, most of the cells in the multidimensional space would contain no data, thus wasting much of the space allocated to the database.
A second issue relates to locating cells in the multidimensional space. It is desirable to be able to locate cells quickly in order to provide acceptable system throughput. Representing the cells as a multidimensional array provides for rapid access to the cells, but has the data explosion problem mentioned above.
A third issue relates to the capability to perform aggregations on the multidimensional data. Databases are commonly queried for aggregations (e.g. summaries, minimums, maximums, counts etc.) of detail data rather than individual data items. For example, a user might want to know sales data for a given period of time without regard to geographical distinctions. These types of queries are efficiently answered through aggregations. Aggregations are precomputed summaries of selected detail data that allow an OLAP system or a relational database to respond quickly to queries by avoiding collecting and aggregating detailed data during query execution. Without aggregations, the system would need to scan all of the rows containing the detailed data to answer these queries, resulting in potentially substantial processing delays. With aggregations, the system computes and materializes aggregations ahead of time so that when the query is submitted to the system, the appropriate summary already exists and can be sent to the user much more quickly. Calculating these aggregations, however, can be costly, both in terms of processing time and in terms of disk space consumed.
Thus there is a need for a system that stores cell data for a multidimensional database in an efficient manner. There is a need for such a system that provides the ability to locate cells rapidly and efficiently. Furthermore, there is a need for such a system that is able to perform aggregations in an efficient manner.
The above-mentioned shortcomings, disadvantages and problems are addressed by the present invention, which will be understood by reading and studying the following specification.
The systems and methods described herein create and maintain cell data records in an OLAP database system. One aspect of the system is that cell data records are created that contain a system path. The system path is comprised of one or more dimension paths that define the location of a cell in a multidimensional database. The format used for the dimension paths provides an efficient mechanism for locating the cell, and in addition, can be indexed easily to allow rapid location of cell data.
A further aspect of the system is that the format of the system path provides an efficient mechanism for creating aggregations. Those dimension levels that are to be aggregated have their corresponding member index set to a null value in the dimension path of each record. The records are then scanned for a match to a system path representing the aggregation. Those that match have their measure data included in the aggregation.
The present invention describes systems, clients, servers, methods, and computer-readable media of varying scope. In addition to the aspects and advantages of the present invention described in this summary, further aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent by reference to the drawings and by reading the detailed description that follows.
FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the hardware and operating environment in conjunction with which embodiments of the invention may be practiced;
FIGS. 2A-2C are diagrams illustrating an exemplary dimension hierarchy within a multidimensional database;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a record structure for a cell data record according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a system level overview of various embodiments of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a process for creating a cell data record according to an embodiment of the invention; and
FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a process for calculating an aggregation according to an embodiment of the invention.
In the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, reference is made to the accompanying drawings which form a part hereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration specific exemplary embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention, and it is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and that logical, mechanical, electrical and other changes may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. The following detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present invention is defined only by the appended claims.
The detailed description is divided into five sections. In the first section, the hardware and the operating environment in conjunction with which embodiments of the invention may be practiced are described. In the second section, an exemplary cube for an OLAP system is described. In the third section, a system level overview of an exemplary embodiment of the invention is presented. In the fourth section, methods of an exemplary embodiment of the invention are provided. Finally, in the fifth section, a conclusion of the detailed description is provided.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the hardware and operating environment in conjunction with which embodiments of the invention may be practiced. The description of FIG. 1 is intended to provide a brief, general description of suitable computer hardware and a suitable computing environment in conjunction with which the invention may be implemented. Although not required, the invention is described in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, being executed by a computer, such as a personal computer. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc., that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types.
Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention may be practiced with other computer system configurations, including hand-held devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, network PCS, minicomputers, mainframe computers, and the like. The invention may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote memory storage devices.
The exemplary hardware and operating environment of FIG. 1 for implementing the invention includes a general purpose computing device in the form of a computer 20, including a processing unit 21, a system memory 22, and a system bus 23 that operatively couples various system components including the system memory to the processing unit 21. There may be only one or there may be more than one processing unit 21, such that the processor of computer 20 comprises a single central-processing unit (CPU), or a plurality of processing units, commonly referred to as a parallel processing environment. The computer 20 may be a conventional computer, a distributed computer, or any other type of computer; the invention is not so limited.
The system bus 23 may be any of several types of bus structures including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, and a local bus using any of a variety of bus architectures. The system memory may also be referred to as simply the memory, and includes read only memory (ROM) 24 and random access memory (RAM) 25. A basic input/output system (BIOS) 26, containing the basic routines that help to transfer information between elements within the computer 20, such as during start-up, is stored in ROM 24. The computer 20 further includes a hard disk drive 27 for reading from and writing to a hard disk, not shown, a magnetic disk drive 28 for reading from or writing to a removable magnetic disk 29, and an optical disk drive 30 for reading from or writing to a removable optical disk 31 such as a CD ROM or other optical media.
The hard disk drive 27, magnetic disk drive 28, and optical disk drive 30 are connected to the system bus 23 by a hard disk drive interface 32, a magnetic disk drive interface 33, and an optical disk drive interface 34, respectively. The drives and their associated computer-readable media provide nonvolatile storage of computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules and other data for the computer 20. It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that any type of computer-readable media which can store data that is accessible by a computer, such as magnetic cassettes, flash memory cards, digital video disks, Bernoulli cartridges, random access memories (RAMs), read only memories (ROMs), and the like, may be used in the exemplary operating environment.
A number of program modules may be stored on the hard disk, magnetic disk 29, optical disk 31, ROM 24, or RAM 25, including an operating system 35, one or more application programs 36, other program modules 37, and program data 38. A user may enter commands and information into the personal computer 20 through input devices such as a keyboard 40 and pointing device 42. Other input devices (not shown) may include a microphone, joystick, game pad, satellite dish, scanner, or the like. These and other input devices are often connected to the processing unit 21 through a serial port interface 46 that is coupled to the system bus, but may be connected by other interfaces, such as a parallel port, game port, or a universal serial bus (USB). A monitor 47 or other type of display device is also connected to the system bus 23 via an interface, such as a video adapter 48. In addition to the monitor, computers typically include other peripheral output devices (not shown), such as speakers and printers.
The computer 20 may operate in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more remote computers, such as remote computer 49. These logical connections are achieved by a communication device coupled to or a part of the computer 20; the invention is not limited to a particular type of communications device. The remote computer 49 may be another computer, a server, a router, a network PC, a client, a peer device or other common network node, and typically includes many or all of the elements described above relative to the computer 20, although only a memory storage device 50 has been illustrated in FIG. 1. The logical connections depicted in FIG. 1 include a local-area network (LAN) 51 and a wide-area network (WAN) 52. Such networking environments are commonplace in offices, enterprise-wide computer networks, intranets and the Internet.
When used in a LAN-networking environment, the computer 20 is connected to the local network 51 through a network interface or adapter 53, which is one type of communications device. When used in a WAN-networking environment, the computer 20 typically includes a modem 54, a type of communications device, or any other type of communications device for establishing communications over the wide area network 52, such as the Internet. The modem 54, which may be internal or external, is connected to the system bus 23 via the serial port interface 46. In a networked environment, program modules depicted relative to the personal computer 20, or portions thereof, may be stored in the remote memory storage device. It is appreciated that the network connections shown are exemplary and other means of and communications devices for establishing a communications link between the computers may be used.
The hardware and operating environment in conjunction with which embodiments of the invention may be practiced has been described. The computer in conjunction with which embodiments of the invention may be practiced may be a conventional computer, a distributed computer, or any other type of computer; the invention is not so limited. Such a computer typically includes one or more processing units as its processor, and a computer-readable medium such as a memory. The computer may also include a communications device such as a network adapter or a modem, so that it is able to communicatively couple other computers.
In the detailed description that follows, reference will be made to a small, three-dimensional OLAP cube. This cube has a Customers dimension with four levels: All, State, City and Customer. The second dimension, a Products dimension, has three levels: All, Category and Product. The final dimension is a time dimension with three hierarchy levels: year, quarter, and month. In addition, the cube has two measures, Purchases and Units. This cube is presented to provide a reference example of how the systems and methods of the invention operate. It will be appreciated that the OLAP cubes maintained by various embodiments of the invention can have more or fewer dimensions than in this example, and that the OLAP cube can have more or fewer hierarchy levels than in this example.
A graphical representation of the dimensions in the above-described cube is presented in FIGS. 2A-2C. A dimension is represented as a tree, referred to as a dimension tree. Leaf nodes in the tree correspond to the most detailed data in the dimension, while the inner branch nodes correspond to more aggregated data. The closer the node is to the root node, the more aggregated the data, with the root node representing the most aggregated, least detailed data in the dimension.
The Customer dimension is represented in FIG. 2A. In this exemplary representation, the State level has three members: Maine, Oregon and Washington. The Cities level has four members: Portland (Me.), Portland (Oreg.), Redmond and Seattle. It should be noted although a member labeled Portland appears twice, each member is a distinct reference because it appears under a different State member in the hierarchy. The Customer level has four members: Alexander, Amir, Mosha and Sasha. The Products dimension is represented in FIG. 2B. In the exemplary representation, the Category level has three members: Food, Drink, and Non-Consumable. The Product level has one member, Milk.
The Time dimension is represented in FIG. 2C. In the exemplary representation, The Year level has three members: 1997, 1998, and 1999. The Quarter level has four members: Q1-Q4. The Month level has no members, indicating that no monthly data is available. In this case, the most detailed data available is at the Quarter level.
In order to uniquely identify a particular member, each of the members from the root node to the leaf node for the member must be specified. For example, in order to refer to the customer Amir in the Customers dimension shown in FIG. 2A the following sequence of members is specified: {All Customers}. {WA}. {Redmond}. {Amir}. Similarly, to refer to Quarter 2 in the Time dimension shown in FIG. 2C, the members specified are: {1998}.{Q2}.
Those of skill in the art will appreciate that the members shown in FIGS. 2A-2C represent an exemplary cube and that no embodiment of the invention is limited to a particular number or type of dimensions or dimension members.
In the above example, strings representing member names are used to designate a particular member of a dimension. In an embodiment of the invention, the strings above are replaced by numbers associated with each member in a dimension. It is desirable to represent the members using numbers as it is more efficient to represent objects using numbers rather than strings. In this embodiment, a path from the root node to a branch node is represented by the member number at each level of the dimension that is traversed to reach the leaf node. The number assigned to each member must be unique among the members having a common parent, in other words, a unique number must be assigned to each of the siblings of a parent. In one embodiment of the invention, the root node is assigned the number 1 while branch and leaf nodes are assigned a number representing their order among their siblings. However the invention is not limited to any particular numbering scheme for the node, all that is required is that the number be unique among the nodes having a common parent.
Thus, each member in a dimension can be represented by an array of numbers defining the path to the member. This array is the dimension path. The number of elements in the array is the number of levels in the dimension, and the position in the array reflects the hierarchy of levels. For example referring to FIG. 2A, the representation for member Amir in the Customers dimension is the dimension path {1-48-2-2}. This represents the path comprising the root node All Customers (1), the WA member at the state level (WA is the 48th state alphabetically), the Redmond member at the city level (Redmond is the second city at that level under WA), and the member Amir at the customer level (Amir is the second customer under Redmond). Note that each level must be represented by a number in the array, if the member is not at a leaf node, the number 0 is used in one embodiment of the invention to represent the positions for the levels below the member. Thus the dimension path array for the member Portland, Oreg. in the Customer dimension is {1-38-1-0}.
Not all dimensions have a single root member. For example, consider the Time dimension of the exemplary cube. There is no single "all time" member at the top-most level in this dimension, rather the Time dimension contains three members, each specifying a particular year. In this case, one embodiment of the invention assigns an index number to each members in the top-most level based on a natural order of the members. This natural order can be based on a numeric order, an alphabetic order, or the temporal order in which the members were created. For instance, in FIG. 2C, the dimension path for Q3 in the year 1998 is {2-3-0} (1998 is the second year at the top-most level, Q3 is the third member under 1998, and there are no month members).
Each data cell in a multidimensional database is uniquely identified by specifying a coordinate on each dimension. In one embodiment of the invention, a cell is identified by specifying a dimension path for each dimension in a cube in the multidimensional database. The collection of dimension paths comprising the coordinates for the cell are concatenated and stored in an array referred to as the system path. In an embodiment of the invention, the order of dimension paths in the system path is dependent on the internal order of the dimensions in the cube, as determined by the metadata defining the cube. However, the invention is not limited to a particular ordering scheme and other ordering schemes are possible and within the scope of the invention. For example, the order of dimension paths could be determined alphabetically by the name of the dimension.
To illustrate the system path described above, consider the cell associated with the customer Amir for All Products in Quarter 4 of 1998. The string representation for the cell path is: ({Customers}. {All13Customers}. {WA}. {Redmond}. {Amir}, {Products}. {All Products}, {Time}.{1998}.{Q4}). The corresponding system path is: {1-48-2-2}-{1-0-0}- {2-4-0}.
Each cell in a multidimensional database has one or more measures associated with it. In the exemplary cube, two measures are defined, Purchases and Units, where Purchases is the dollar amount of a particular purchase, and Units is the number of units purchased. FIG. 3 illustrates a data structure for a cell record 300 according to one embodiment of the invention. Cell record 300 contains a system path 305 and one or more measures 310. As described above, system path 305 comprises one or more dimension paths 315. The order of measures 310 in record 300 can be determined by the order of the measures in the metadata defining the cube, the temporal order in which the measure were defined, or an alphabetic order. The invention is not limited to any particular ordering mechanism.
This section of the detailed description has described a representation of cells in a multidimensional database, and a data structure for storing a cell record. In the sections that follow, systems and methods for creating and manipulating the cell data will be described.
A system level overview of the operation of an exemplary embodiment of the invention is described by reference to FIG. 4. The concepts of the invention are described as operating in a multiprocessing, multithreaded virtual memory operating environment on a computer, such as computer 20 in FIG. 1. The operating environment includes an OLAP client 402, OLAP server 410, local data store 414, and fact data store 420, all of which operate on the cell records for cubes, including the records and cube described in the previous section.
OLAP client 402 is an application program that requires the services of an OLAP system. OLAP client 402 can be any type of application that interacts with the OLAP system, for example, a data mining application, a data warehousing application, a reporting application etc. OLAP client 402 typically interacts with OLAP server 260 by issuing OLAP queries. These queries are parsed, as is known in the art, into a request for data from a cell or range of cells, and the request is passed to the OLAP server 410.
OLAP server 410 receives queries and controls the processing of queries. In one embodiment of the invention, the server maintains a local store 414 that contains the cell data used to answer the queries. In one embodiment of the invention, the OLAP server 410 is a version of the SQL Server OLAP product from Microsoft Corporation.
The local store 414 contains records describing the cells that are present in a multidimensional database, with one record used for each cell that actually has measurement data present (i.e. no records exist for those cells having no measurement data). The general format of these records is described above with reference to FIG. 3. In one embodiment of the invention, local store 414 is a relational database, such as SQL Server. In this embodiment, records are stored in a relational table. This table can be indexed based on the dimensional paths of the record to allow rapid access to cell measurement data contained in the record. The indexing can be performed using hash indexing or AVL tree indexing as is known in the art.
OLAP server 410 populates local store 414 by reading data from fact data store 420. Fact data store 420 is also a relational database system. In one embodiment of the invention, the system used is the SQL Server Database from Microsoft Corporation. In alternative embodiments of the invention, database systems such as Oracle, Informix or Sybase can be used. The invention is not limited to any particular type of relational database system.
OLAP server 410 reads the fact data (also known as detail data) from fact data store 420 at predetermined times, and converts the fact data into cell data records for populating local data store 414. In one embodiment of the invention, the fact data is read once during a 24 hour period, typically during a time when the fact data store is not busy responding to user queries. In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the fact data is read and converted when a system administrator issues a command to the OLAP server 410 to do so. Updates to the local data store 414 can be incremental, or they can result in a complete refresh of the data. Incremental updates are desirable, because only the data that has changed in fact data store 420 need be converted and added to local data store 414. However, if the structure of the data in either fact data store 420 or local data store 414 changes, then a complete refresh is required. The frequency of updates to the local store 414 will generally be determined by user requirements as to how current (or accurate) the cell data must be, and the volume of data that must be updated.
In one embodiment of the invention, the OLAP server 410 maintains a cache 412 of cell records. In this embodiment, the cache maintains cell data records that have been recently requested, or those cell data records that are frequently requested. Maintaining cell record data in a cache is desirable, because it provides quicker responses to queries that can be satisfied by records appearing in the cache.
In the previous section, a system level overview of the operation of an exemplary embodiment of the invention was described. In this section, the particular methods of the invention performed by an operating environment executing an exemplary embodiment are described by reference to a series of flowcharts shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. The methods to be performed by the operating environment constitute computer programs made up of computer-executable instructions. Describing the methods by reference to a flowchart enables one skilled in the art to develop such programs including such instructions to carry out the methods on suitable computers (the processor of the computer executing the instructions from computer-readable media). The methods illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6 are inclusive of the acts required to be taken by an operating environment executing an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
A method for creating a cell data record is illustrated in FIG. 5. The method begins when a program executing the method, such as OLAP server 420, discovers that a new cell is required, and receives a value to be used for the measure of the new cell (block 502). Typically the new cell will be required because OLAP Server 410 has discovered that a new row has been added to a detail table in a fact data store 420 (FIG. 4) since the last update of the local data store 414.
Next, the program determines the dimension path for each dimension in the cube to which the cell belongs (block 504). As discussed above, cells are located by specifying members in each dimension of the cube. The members will reside at a particular level of a dimension tree formed by the levels of the dimension and the members at each level. In one embodiment of the invention, the dimension path is an array of ordinal numbers, one for each level in the dimension. The position of each ordinal number in the array is determined by the position of the level in the dimension hierarchy. The ordinal number at a position is determined by an ordering of the members at the particular level represented by the position that have a common parent. If the new cell is not a leaf node, then a value of 0 is used in the dimension path to represent each of the levels below the new cell.
The program then proceeds to concatenate the dimension paths formed at block 504 into a system path (block 506) for the new cell record. In one embodiment of the invention, the ordering of the dimension paths in the system path is determined by order the dimensions are defined in the cube metadata. However, the invention is not so limited, and in alternative embodiments, the ordering can be determined by temporal order or alphabetic order.
Next, the measure data is copied into an appropriate field in the cell record (block 508). The cell record contains a field for each measure present in the cube. The ordering of measures within a record is also determined by the metadata defining the cube.
Finally, the cell record is stored in the local data store (block 510). In one embodiment of the invention, the cell record is stored as a row of a relational database. The row can be indexed by the system path, allowing subsequent queries requiring the cell's measures to find the cell quickly.
FIG. 6 shows a method for creating an aggregation of cell data records created using the method described above in reference to FIG. 5. Table 1 below provides an exemplary set of data that will be used to demonstrate the results of executing the method. The system paths shown in Table 1are created using the dimensions of the multidimensional database illustrated in FIGS. 2A-2C. Table 1 contains four records created as described above in reference to FIG. 5. The Member column shows the name of the member in the customer dimension, the System Path column shows the system path corresponding to the cells location in the customer, product and time dimensions (in that order). The third column shows the Product Sales measure for the cell referenced by the system path. The four records represent sales to four customers, Sasha, Alexander, Amir and Mosha for all products in the fourth quarter of 1998.
A program executing the method, such as OLAP server 410, begins by identifying a dimension and level to aggregate (block 602). Typically this will be in response to a request to create an aggregation. The request may come from a system administrator, or it can be a system generated request. As an example, consider a request to aggregate all of the customer sales in Redmond, Wash. in the fourth quarter of 1998.
In response to the request, the system then creates a system path for the aggregation record using the dimensions and levels specified in the request (block 604). For the example case, the aggregation system path is {1-48-2-0}-{1-0-0}-{2-4-0}.
Next, the system scans the local data store containing the cell data records, and "nullifies" (sets to null) the level numbers in the dimension paths for those levels at or below the levels are to be aggregated (block 606). Table 2 shows the results of nullifying the appropriate level numbers.
Next, a program executing the method sums the desired measure for all cell records where the system path of the cell record matches the system path of the aggregation record (block 608). In the example shown above, the aggregation record is: {1-48-2-0}-{1-0-0}-{2-4-0}{$10500.00}
This aggregation reflects the fact that system paths for Customer members Alexander, Amir and Mosha matched the aggregation system path.
Finally, the system stores the aggregation record (block 610). In one embodiment of the invention, the aggregation record is stored in a cache maintained by the OLAP server. This is desirable, because it allows the aggregation record to be located quickly, thereby increasing system throughput.
In one embodiment of the invention, the nullification of dimension path elements is accomplished using temporary buffers. The source records are kept in their original, unconverted state and the nullification and summation operations described above are performed on copies of the source records maintained in the temporary buffers. This has the advantage that there is no need to restore values in the source records after the aggregation has been performed, the system need only delete the temporary buffers.
The creation and maintenance of a cell data record for a multidimensional database has been described. The systems and methods of the invention provide advantages not found in previous systems. For example, only those cells that actually contain measure data have records allocated to them. This provides for the efficient storage of cell data, even when the cell data is sparse. In addition, the format used to specify the dimensions and levels used to locate the cell can be easily indexed to allow the cell data to be located quickly. Furthermore, the format of the record allows cell data to be easily aggregated.
Although specific embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that any arrangement which is calculated to achieve the same purpose may be substituted for the specific embodiments shown. This application is intended to cover any adaptations or variations of the present invention. For example, those of ordinary skill within the art will appreciate that while the systems and methods have been described in the context of a multidimensional database system, the systems and method of the invention can be applied to other data that is hierarchical in nature. The terminology used in this application with respect creating and maintaining cell records is meant to include all of these environments. Therefore, it is manifestly intended that this invention be limited only by the following claims and equivalents thereof.
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Referenced by
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Indiana State University's Transfer Central offers a comprehensive package of student services for
transfer students, including assistance with admission, credit transfer, registration, financial aid, scholarships, and veterans benefits.
In addition, an ISU transfer coordinator is located on the Ivy Tech Community College campus located in Terre Haute, Indiana. This coordinator offer free assistance to all.
Transfer Central is located on the Indiana State University campus in Terre Haute, Indiana. For assistance, contact our office via telephone or online. Walk-in visits are also welcomed.
Transfer Central
Indiana State University
John W. Moore Welcome Center
318 North Sixth Street
Terre Haute, Indiana 47809
(812) 237-2121
1-800-GO-TO-ISU (toll-free USA)
An ISU student services coordinator is located on the Ivy Tech campus in Terre Haute, Indiana. Services include assistance with admission, credit transfer, financial aid, and more.
Linda Clark-Laffoon
ISU-Ivy Tech Student Services Coordinator
Ivy Tech Community College
8000 South Education Drive
Terre Haute, IN 47802
(812) 298-2529
For assistance at other Ivy Tech campuses, contact ISU Transfer Central—or an admission counselor, transfer coordinator, or academic advisor at that specific Ivy Tech campus.
Last updated April 23, 2014

subset: commoncrawl


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Catholic Charities and representatives of six Haitian organizations issued a statement warning of "the distressing, alarming and critical socio-political situation affecting the Haitian people, who are approaching the celebration of the bicentennial anniversary of their independence."
The statement underscored the climate of terror that exists in the country, the systematic repression carried out by both police forces and armed civilians, and the difficulties for victims to have recourse to justice, in the midst of a widespread lack of security.
The statement also called on the international community to ensure that the people of Haiti—65% of whom live in absolute poverty—can exercise their constitutional rights, that all acts of political violence in the country be condemned, and that the necessary means be adopted to halt the export of arms and munitions to Haiti.
Likewise, Catholic Charities of Haiti asked that the humanitarian intervention that is launched avoid creating a sense of dependency in the Haitian people, and that the repatriations of Haitian immigrants be suspended until minimum security conditions in the country can be established.


text: Welcome to Spawntennial, proudly celebrating my 100th issue of the Spawn comic book. Follow the links below to go behind the scenes on the making of Spawn 100, hit the temporary Spawn 100 message board (I'll come by to answer questions), see all six variant covers and read about the artists, and read the exclusive Spawn.com interview with me. Enjoy.


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CA – The Doozies Signing
August 15, 2013 by Colin Solan
Filed under Animation, California, Comic Strips, Signing and Appearance Profiles, Television
Meet cartoonist and The Simpsons writer Tom Gammill on Saturday September 14, 2013 from 1-3pm! Gammill is an Emmy award winning writer whose credits also include Seinfeld, Late Night with David Letterman, and Monk. As a kid Gammill dreamed of one day being the next Charles Schulz, but his lack of talent and intelligence led him to the world of TV. Gammill will discuss how his love of cartooning has helped him as a TV writer, using examples from Seinfeld, The Simpsons, and several flop shows he worked on that never made it on the air. Gammill's comic strip, The Doozies, appears in several weekly newspapers and online at GoComics.com.
Charles M. Schulz Museum
2301 Hardies Lane, Santa Rosa, CA 95403
MA – Soup For Boston
August 1, 2012 by Colin Solan
Filed under Massachusetts, Other, Signing and Appearance Profiles, Television
The Soup Nazi (aka Larry Thomas) rolls into Boston in the Seinfeld "No Soup For You" food truck on Friday August 3, 2012!! See him in Harvard Square from noon-2pm, and in Dewey Square from 3-4pm. They will be handing out FREE food featured on the show such as mulligatawny soup, muffin tops, Junior Mints, and Snapple! If you're lucky, he might even yell at you. More details at the link!
Texas Comicon (June 2011)
November 12, 2010 by kriskidd
Filed under Comic Books, Convention Profiles, Science Fiction and Fantasy, Texas
Event Details:
|Convention Name
|Texas Comicon
|Convention Website Address
|This convention will take place:
|Start Date
|End Date
|About This Convention
|Texas Comicon is the State's Premier Pop-Culture Event. Celebrate Captain America, Wonder Woman, Dick Tracy, Evil Dead and more. Meet Looney Toons in person. Celebrities, Halo: Reach Tournament, Prizes. Fun for the whole family.
|Venue Name and Address
|San Antonio Event Center
8111 Meadow Leaf
San Antonio, TX 78250
United States
Map It
|Number of Dealer/Exhibitor Tables
|Projected Attendance
|Please select the Category that best describes the convention
|Comic Books
|Additional Categories


text:
Book teaches fabric design
Fiber arts take on a new level of creativity when you dream up your own fabric designs.
Artist Cheryl Rezendes shows how in her book "Fabric Surface Design."
Rezendes teaches a number of decorative techniques for fabric — painting, stamping, printing, marbling and more. She offers guidance on fabric selection and on setting up a work area, along with instructions and photos of the methods she covers.
Profiles of fiber artists are sprinkled throughout the book, along with photos of their work to give you inspiration.
"Fabric Surface Design" comes from Storey Publishing and sells for $29.95 in paperback.
Telescoping ladders collapse to compact size
Xtend+Climb telescoping ladders work like extension ladders but collapse small enough to fit into a car trunk.
The aluminum ladders come in home and pro series that range in height from 8 ½ to 15 ½ feet. The ladders can be adjusted at 1-foot intervals.
A handle is integrated into the design to make the collapsed ladder easy to carry, and thumb releases are positioned to prevent pinching while the ladder is being collapsed.
The ladders range from 16 ½ to 36 pounds. Prices range from $149.99 to $309.99 on http://xtendandclimb.com. The ladders are also available on Amazon.com and from many big-box retailers.
— Akron Beacon Journal


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Iron Cobras sluggish? Don't loosen the springs
View Single Post
Senior Member
Join Date: Nov 2013
Posts: 324
Re: iron cobras sluggish? Don't loosen the springs
Originally Posted by
Ok that's your preferred setting, to not move the spring, but the spring adjustment must be there for a reason - to loosen or tighten to taste.
I have an IC and I prefer its spring on the looser side, but I don't do fast double bass work or anything.
Looser springs can make pedals easier to control for many people. There are lots of reasons to adjust the springs. I'm just saying that I have found that loosening the springs on the IC in search of a
lighter feel
will result in just the opposite when you try playing faster. The pedals actually feel heavier. Not just slower - heavier.
On my speed cobras I prefer medium loose springs and tighter drum head. The pedal board length and mass don't react the same way - or I should say to the same degree - as the IC. Tightening the springs on the SC do affect endurance for sustained single strokes, while on the IC all it does is make them smoother and faster without requiring more effort. To me this translates as "lighter".
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text:
The Ultimate Music Trivia Test
Tests others are taking
FrogStatue42 / m / Straight
The Alienated Jerkoff/Fingerer Test
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BUIFJTN18 / m / Straight
The David Milch or Shakespeare Test
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The are you more of a slave or submissive Test
Santarosa6928 / m / Straight
Connect your existing OkCupid account
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meeting new people.
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text:
Poems (Paperback)
|Author: Robert Browning
(Save 31%)
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Get rewarded when you shop! Earn 1 point per dollar spent. That's like getting cash back on every purchase. Easy to see matured points in checkout. Use points just like cash.Learn More
CONDITION: Brand New
IN STOCK: Usually Ships within 24 hours
Learn more about Poems:
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Lightning Source Inc
Sku: 206447689
Publish Date: 11/12/2007
Pages: 224
Age Range: NA
See more in Poetry
|A selection of Browning's finest poetry, "Cavalier Tunes" to Instand Tyrannus." Also features a biography by A.C. Swinburne, Critical Opinions, Notes, and Questions and Topics for Study.
Author Bio
Robert Browning's father lost his inheritance when he was sent abroad to manage his family's West Indian plantation, but returned in protest with a vocal disdain for the institution of slavery. However, he gave his own son, and the world, a fortune. An antiquarian by hobby, Browning's father had a library of some 6,000 volumes which young Robert read voraciously; his youthful reading was a major influence on his subsequent work--some of the most accomplished and influential verse of the Victorian era. His father's book collection, together with the instruction of his family, formed Browning's primary education. When he was given a volume of Shelley's poetry by a cousin in 1825, shortly before his 13th birthday, he was so moved that he requested the rest of Shelley's work as a birthday gift. Inspired and impressionable, Browning emulated Shelley by becoming a vegetarian and declaring his atheism. Though these passions passed, his engagement with English poetry remained constant. Because his mother was a declared Nonconformist, Browning was unable to enter the church-affiliated Oxford or Cambridge Universities; however, his father was a benefactor of the new, nonsectarian University College of London, and Browning enrolled in Greek, Latin, and German classes in 1828. But self-education suited him best: he withdrew from the University shortly thereafter to continue his education at his own pace and whim. It has been surmised that Browning's self-reliance accounts for much of the obscurity in his work: with little understanding of what a popular education entailed, he held his audience accountable for specialized knowledge and shrouded allusions. (This was the case of his critically panned SORDELLO, which, making difficult demands on the average reader's knowledge of history, crippled his reputation for many years.) Italy was the favorite site of Browning's imagination, and he was able to travel there briefly in 1838 and 1844. The sojourns there in his work are more frequent; much of it is set there, particularly during the Renaissance period. His family financed his publications, which were for the most part dismissed by his intended readership. However, the well-known poet Elizabeth Barrett complimented him in verse in 1844, and writing to thank her, he initiated a correspondence that precipitated their eventual marriage. Because Barrett's father was vehemently against the union, the two eloped to Italy, where, because of Barrett's ill health and Browning's penchant for the region, they remained until her death. Barrett's reputation considerably outshone Browning's, and it was not until after her death that he earned fame for being more than her husband. His later volumes, published after he was 50, established him as one of the most beloved poets of his time. Though he wished to be buried in Italy, he was honored by burial at the Poet's Corner of Westminster Abbey.


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Quick Links
Subject Portals
Articles tagged "catalog"
New Library Catalog Goes Live on June 23rd
On June 23rd, UAMS Library will implement a new online library catalog called Koha. Beyond searching our library catalog with Koha, patrons will enjoy improved functionality and extended book check-out periods. What is Koha? Koha is the Library's new open source integrated library system (ILS / library catalog). Koha (the Maori word for reciprocal gift […]


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Yes they mean the disc loader part.
The fix you mention is simply the savemiifrii trick. If you cannot access this menu using the Gamecube controller then the disc will not autoboot. That fix is for banner bricks (bad wad) generally but is always worth a try. You already alluded to the fact you couldn't get it working though.


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Wednesday, March 14, 2012
© Copyright 2015 Gwinnett Daily Post
SUWANEE -- Budding web designers, broadcast journalists, nutritionists, biotechnologists and dietitians talked with excitement Wednesday about the role technical education has played in their lives.
Up and comers from all fields were honored by Gwinnett County Public Schools during the annual Technical Education Awards Program.
Out of 22 high school students highlighted during the annual banquet, officials with the school district selected Shiv Patel of North Gwinnett High School as overall student of the year as well as Archer High School's Sienna Brown, first runner up, and Christina Ethridge of Grayson Technical Program, second runner-up.
Patel said the technical education program at North Gwinnett has "allowed me to see opportunities I had never seen before. I no longer see myself as a coder or a programmer, but as an entrepreneur. It has helped me a lot, and I'm sure it's helped a lot of other students too."
Brown said the technical education classes have given her "the opportunity to explore new fields and my passions. Thanks to my study of video broadcasting, I have decided to take the next steps toward my future."
Ethridge said her time at Grayson Tech has also served her well.
"I came to the school's bio technology program with the dream of someday working in a lab, and the experiences I've gained because of the technical education program will prepare me for the challenges that will come my way," Ethridge said.
Other honorees at the event were: Ethan Mitchell, Buford High School; Linda Nguyen, Berkmar; Danielle Jozwowski, Brookwood; Tri Nguyen, Central Gwinnett; Farhan Charania, Collins Hill; Mason Davenport, Dacula; Vronica Macias, Duluth; Naila Maric, Grayson; Alissa Valvo, Lanier; Anthony Chiu, Maxwell; Emilliam Udekigbo, Meadowcreek; Alissa Stringer, Mill Creek; William Everett, Mountain View; Amanda Northrup, Norcross; Phoebe Pearson, Parkview; Tyler Thornton, Peachtree Ridge; Kayla Mitten, Phoenix; Mytese Simmons, Shiloh; and Adomya Dawit, South Gwinnett.
More like this story
- North Gwinnett pupil is student of year ( March 25, 2012 )
- GCPS honors top technical education students ( March 6, 2013 )
- STAR students honored at luncheon ( February 16, 2012 )
- South Gwinnett's literary magazine receives top honor ( January 13, 2008 )
- GCPS tech ed programs get certified ( July 1, 2013 )
kevin 3 years, 4 months ago
Tech schools seem to be doing just fine. Never hear them complaining aobut tax money. MAybe this says something about the public school system and how it is run in Gwinnett.


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5 Foods Most Often Ruined By Kitchen Mistakes
There's some foods that take a certain skill in the kitchen to reach their full deliciousness. It only takes one misstep in the kitchen to turn a juicy and delicious steak into something dry and suitable for a chew toy. Want to hone your skills so you n
In Time For the Holidays – Lowered Boots in the Sand Room Prices
Every country music fan we talked to was excited about the inaugural Boots in the Sand event: A five day/four night vacation with Dierks Bentley, Brantley Gilbert, Billy Currington and Jana Kramer next February at the all-inclusive and brand-spanking new Hard Rock Hotel in the Riviera Maya in Mexico, but some of you said room packages were a little out of your price range. Well, we heard you and are lowering our room prices in time for the holidays so you can party in Mexico with us!
Last Call To Get $1,000 Off Your Boots in the Sand Room Package
We know that life gets hectic and that's why we want to remind you that today is the last day to join Dierks Bentley, Brantley Gilbert, Billy Currington and Jana Kramer for Boots in the Sand in the Riviera Maya in Mexico for $1,000 off the price to the general public
Aftermath of Oklahoma Tornado in Photos
A massive tornado touched down just south of Oklahoma City on Monday, killing dozens.
At least seven of those killed were students at Plaza Towers Elementary School in Moore. The twister, which measured 2 miles at one point, has been given a preliminary classification of an EF-4 tornado (winds of 166 to 200 mph), according to weather officials.
Manhunt Over: Boston Marathon Bombing Suspect Captured
A massive manhunt that spanned several Boston communities has come to an end with Boston police announcing that 19-year-old Dzokhar Tsarnaev, the second suspect in the Boston Marathon bombing, has been captured.
Photos of Hurricane Sandy Flood Social Media Sites
Photos of Hurricane Sandy flooded social media sites throughout the day Monday, with Facebook, Instagram and Twitter users in the storm's path posting dramatic photos of waves, flooding and downed trees. (Some are fake, by the way.)


text:
Earth Matters
Express-News and mySA staff keep you up to date on energy, the environment, and green living in San Antonio.
Posts filtered on Category
Former CPS Energy VP of nuclear development hired by Haynes Boone
Robert K. Temple, CPS Energy's former deputy general counsel, secretary to the board of trustees and vice president of nuclear development — and one of the key players behind the scenes during CPS' recent nuclear expansion debacle — has joined the Haynes and Boone, LLP Energy and Power Practice Group as counsel in the firm's […] [Read More]
DOE: $13 billion more would fund loans for three nuclear plants
U.S. Energy Secretary Steven Chu told a Senate subcommittee Wednesday that the Department of Energy would need another $13 billion to give loan guarantees to the next three nuclear projects in line for federal support, Reuters reported. From its April 28 wire report: Chu told a Senate subcommittee that the $12 billion thedepartment had left […] [Read More]


text:
CHEYENNE - This year's inductees to Wyoming's Outdoor Hall of Fame include a former Wyoming legislator and director of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, a retired Game and Fish chief game warden, a retired game warden, and one of the better known hunters and outdoor enthusiasts of the 1800s. Public service, wildlife law enforcement and management, and a love for hunting and Wyoming's wildlife resource are common themes for this year's Hall of Fame class.
Dave Bragonier – Serving as a Wyoming Game Warden for more than 30 years, the name Dave Bragonier was synonymous with wildlife law enforcement in Wyoming. Through his tenure with the Game and Fish he served as game warden in Baggs, Kaycee, Dayton, and Riverton, and was best known for his tenure as Cody Game warden, where he served for more than 20 years. On his retirement from the Game and Fish he volunteered with the Wyoming Wildlife Federation and later served as president of that organization where he participated in national wildlife issues. To this day, he continues to be involved in wildlife issues, frequently lecturing on conservation topics at museums, libraries, and other public forums.
William F. "Buffalo Bill" Cody (posthumously) – Buffalo Bill's exploits as a buffalo hunter and entertainer are well known, but his promotion of tourism and hunting in Wyoming, especially Park County, have also had their mark on Wyoming history. Cody built Pahaska teepee just outside Yellowstone to accommodate visitors to the park. He also built the Irma Hotel and established the TE Ranch. He would guide many notable guests from Europe and America on hunting trips including his famous hunt with the Prince of Monaco which gave rise to "Camp Monaco" on the North Fork of the Shoshone River. He was an ardent conservationist and in Wyoming's territorial days, supported the creation of hunting seasons for big game.
Rex Corsi – As former chief game warden with the Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Rex Corsi has done numerous things that have affected the direction of wildlife management and law enforcement in Wyoming. Before becoming chief game warden, Corsi served as a fisheries biologist and also served as game warden in Jackson, Jeffrey City, Cody, Tensleep, and Worland. He served as chief game warden from 1972-1989. Under his leadership he initiated one of the first non-game wildlife programs among the states and was involved with the prevention of legislation to allow big game ranching into Wyoming. His policies were crucial to forming a solid foundation for the continuation of science-based wildlife management in Wyoming.
John Turner – John Turner, whose family has the Triangle X Ranch in the Jackson area, was elected to the Wyoming Senate, where he served for 19 years. During his time in the Wyoming Legislature he introduced and supported many pieces of legislation to benefit Wyoming's wildlife resource. In 1989, President George H.W. Bush named him director of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, where he was involved with the creation of more than 50 wildlife refuges. He has also served as CEO and president of the Conservation Fund and has served on numerous boards involving wildlife conservation.
The Wyoming Outdoor Hall of Fame recognizes individuals who have made significant, lasting lifetime contributions towards conserving Wyoming's outdoor heritage through volunteer service, environmental restoration, educational activities, visual and written media, the arts, and political and individual leadership.
The dinner and ceremony to honor the inductees is open to the public and will be held Oct. 13 at the Buffalo Bill Historical Center in Cody.
It is sponsored by Wyoming Wildlife-The Foundation (formerly Wildlife Heritage Foundation of Wyoming.) Tickets can be purchased for $35 by calling Roene Kruckenberg at: (307) 630-9687.
The inaugural class of 2004 featured Curt Gowdy, Calvin King, Frank and Lois Layton, Olaus and Mardy Murie, D.C.Nowlin, and President Theodore Roosevelt. The Outdoor Hall of Fame now has 37 inductees.
(Contact: Roene Kruckenberg (307) 630-9687)


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Ryan gives an overview of some of the architectural improvements we've been making to Chrome to ensure that it's easy to make 60fps web applications across any device, as well as some features that help your apps perform silky-smooth.
Alex gives an overview of why web apps don't feel "appy" today, and shows how Service Worker is enabling a whole new world of appiness - beyond the simple goal of making web apps work offline, to building truly engaging web applications.
Adrienne explains how we can enable more powerful web applications while keeping a user focus on security and privacy, and how you should structure your own apps to take best advantage.
Building a 60fps, cross-browser website can be tricky. It requires knowledge, experience and judgment calls on trade-offs and what to prioritize.
In this session Paul will take you through his recent experience of building the Chrome Dev Summit site, and in particular the challenges of achieving good runtime performance, performance tooling, and a couple of new and useful APIs.
TLS underlies all security and privacy on the web. Chris explains how to do TLS right: not only to deploy TLS and remain performant at scale, but also demonstrating how TLS is the basis of new performance improvements.
Dimitri explores the set of enabling technologies that make up Web Components, and describes how these pieces make it easy and fast to build composable components, and make HTML finally earn its keep.
Polymer started as an experiment in pushing the web platform. In the two and a half years since, we've helped ship a lot of standards, a developer preview of Polymer, and learned a lot and heard a lot of feedback from developers. Matt will share what we've learned, the state of the art of Polymer today, and most importantly what's next.
This talk will cover what it takes to build a single page app in Polymer. Rob will demonstrate how to quickly scaffold the structure of an application by leveraging Material Design elements, explore best practices around lazy loading elements to keep our app speedy, and also touch upon the tools we can use to debug and test our app.
Matt gives a whirlwind tour of getting started on Web, from our Web Fundamentals guide to jump-starting with the Web Starter Kit, and also cover some of the stunning advancements in DevTools.
The Web Components and Polymer Panel gives you the chance to talk directly to the Web Components and Polymer engineering teams to get answers for the questions: What is the future of Web Components? How should we start building using Web Components and Polymer? Are there performance issues with Polymer?
The Future of Apps Panel gives you the chance to get answers for the hard questions about the direction Google are taking with Web Apps: What is the future of apps on the web? What platform should we build for? When should we build a Chrome App or a Web App? Are we going to get all of the Chrome Apps APIs on the web?
The Performance panel gives you direct access to the engineers who are leading the performance in Chrome and on the web and gives you the chance to ask the hard questions about performance: Where should I focus my efforts: Network or Rendering? Where are the next set of performance improvements coming from? Why is it so difficult to get 60fps on sites and apps?
The Material Design Panel lets you talk directly to teams building and implementing Material Design and get answers directly from them on: How do I use Material Design in a content site? Should I adhere to it fully, can I bend the rules and, if so, when and how?
The Chrome Leadership Panel is your chance to help direct the platform. Let the Leadership team know where your issues are and how you would like them to be solved. Ask tough questions and get your voice heard.
Chrome Dev Summit will be taking place on Google's campus:
Attendees can park at the venue using the numerous lots in and around the building. If you're coming by train, the closest VTA train is Middlefield Station, which is about a block away.
If you're coming from further afield, the closest airport is SJC. SFO is also an option, though it is farther away.
Chrome Dev Summit has sold out. Please join us on November 19 for the live stream.
Chrome Dev Summit is a fantastic opportunity to ask Chrome Engineers the questions you want answered. It's also your chance to tell us exactly what you think about anything from performance to tooling, design to Service Worker.
So if you have a question, please put it into our dedicated moderator page.
There are a few places you can say hi and follow along:
This year the Summit presentations will mainly focus on performance, Polymer, Material Design, and building mobile web apps that work like apps with Service Worker and other technologies, but will also have breakouts and panels to discuss what you want to discuss.
Join us in Mountain View or via the live video streams.


text:
Developer:Chris Antoni
Description:Supports 1-31 players for fleet building and destruction on a galactic scale. Features fast paced action with insane zoom ins for close calls. Includ...
Classification V:0, S:0, M:0
Description:Tokyo, 2015 A.D. The First Climax is released. We are the Alpha and the Omega. The world will never be the same… Maison Kanraku is a NEC PC-...
Classification V:0, S:1, M:0
Developer:Greenstone Games
Genre:Action & Adventure
Description:Total Miner is the most powerful creative voxel sandbox on the Xbox 360. Build epic creations using creative tools like Copy & Paste. Build Component...
Classification V:1, S:0, M:1
Genre:Action & Adventure
Description:Forced to play a "Game of Horror" by your disturbed capture, you must search frantically for the key to escape the mansion before you are hunted down...
Classification V:3, S:0, M:3
Genre:Action & Adventure
Description:The ultimate survival training exercise. Explore and fight in a large open world with up to 15 of your friends. This last man standing paintball batt...
Classification V:1, S:0, M:0
Genre:Role Playing
Description:Investigate the case of a seemingly possessed girl, explore an island full of secrets, buy and trade gifts, gamble for cash, and flirt your way to su...
Classification V:1, S:3, M:2
Developer:Reanimated Games
Genre:Action & Adventure
Description:Deadburg is a co-op survival game set in a procedurally generated city with thousands of buildings to explore and zombies to kill. Every building yo...
Classification V:2, S:0, M:1
Developer:Chris Antoni
Genre:Action & Adventure
Description:Frequently updated, "Twin Stick Shooter RPG" that you don't have to play solo. Features 8 Player PvP and 4 Player PvE with drop in multiplayer. Musi...
Classification V:3, S:0, M:1
Developer:Chris Antoni
Genre:Action & Adventure
Description:Strategy, violence, and the screams of your victims come together in this insane multiplayer horror experience. No stupid camera watching. Build the ...
Classification V:3, S:0, M:0
Genre:Strategy & Simulation
Description:*** Quest of Camaraderie and Care is a turn-based strategy game that you can play solo or with up to three friends in local co-op. Guide the 5 unique...
Classification V:2, S:0, M:1
Developer:Xona Games
Description:SCORE RUSH is a 4-player shoot 'em up. Features overwhelming firepower, trailing options, full screen bombs, tons of enemies, with an intimidating fi...
Classification V:1, S:0, M:0
Developer:Xona Games
Description:DECIMATION X3 (4 player shoot 'em up): The thrilling sequel to the #1 Japan hit and proud member of the INDIE GAMES WINTER UPRISING. Back with intens...
Classification V:1, S:0, M:0
Developer:Xona Games
Description:1-4 player intense retro shmup. Classic 2D fixed gallery shooter. Features: Insane firepower, progressive defences, tons of power-ups. Smooth 60 fram...
Classification V:1, S:0, M:0
Developer:Silver Dollar Games Inc._01
Description:Experience cinema kung-fu in the fastest, most intense brawler the world has ever seen. With its unique 1:1 response system, players will feel the i...
Classification V:3, S:0, M:2
Classification V:1, S:0, M:1
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text:
Stock Vector Illustration:
vector set: vintage labels with flowers, old paper texture, retro floral frames. For vintage and spring design
- Image ID: 100187393
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Let your favorite little Dolphins fan feel like she's a part of the game day action with this adorable Team Spirit 2-piece cheerleader set! The sleeveless top features an embroidered applique team wordmark and an embroidered team logo with contrast color stripes. Also featuring a cute skirt with an elastic waist and stripe detail at the hem, this set will help your little one show off some serious Dolphins spirit!
- 100% Polyester
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- Embroidered applique lettering
- Imported
- Officially licensed NFL product
- Quality embroidery
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- Sleeveless V-neck top
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Andy Rotherham deserves respect as one of the most thoughtful proponents of education reform, as well as an impressive institution-builder. He and I probably agree on 90 percent of the issues, though we have sparred at times over the federal role, the balance between "excellence and equity," and sundry other topics.
My greatest frustration, though, has been his unwillingness to offer full-throated support for school vouchers.
Maybe he's finally ready. In a blog post yesterday, he predicted that if current reform efforts stall, the future will bring a "low-accountability environment coupled with much more choice" and pointed to the Indiana voucher program (recently upheld by that state's Supreme Court and hailed by Michael Gerson in the Washington Post) as a sign of things to come.


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Watsons' 67th
Rev. Cleo Watson and his beloved bride, Delsie of Scottown, Ohio, are celebrating 67 years of marriage. They were married Aug. 11, 1947, by the late Rev. Homer Click.
Cleo is the son of the late Jay and Nellie Watson. Delsie is the daughter of the late Elgie and Ruth Sullivan.
They are the parents and grandparents of Danny (Sharon) Watson of Scottown, Ohio, Peggy (Darren) Shobe of Lavalette, Jay (Melinda) Watson of Florida, and Kacey (Ben) Johnson of Wayne. They are the great-grandparents of Christian, Lincoln and Max. Awaiting their arrival in heaven are two precious angels, son Donnie and great-granddaughter Ruby Gracyn, along with a host of brothers and sisters.
Cleo is retired from Houdaille Industries. Delsie is retired from the Symmes Valley School District after 35 years of service. Cleo and Delsie have served the Lord in several area churches for many years, and he is currently the pastor of Scottown Chapel. God has truly blessed them with many years of marriage and a loving family.


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The not-so-sweet truth about soda. For better oral health, can that soda!


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EDITORIAL: Chatham Park: Only fools rush in
After six hours of intense debate and impassioned pleas from dozens of citizens, the Pittsboro Town Board ultimately did the right thing at their Nov. 25 meeting — nothing.
More specifically, the board voted by a 4-1 margin to table a vote needed for Chatham Park— a proposed 7,200-acre, mixed-use development — to proceed.
Camps on both sides made compelling cases. Proponents see the potential Chatham Park represents for Pittsboro and the region. Others recognize the inherent questions and concerns — especially environmental — raised by such a significant undertaking.
Apart from the merits or drawbacks of the development itself, many in attendance railed against the timing of the vote.
Some Chatham Park opponents will never be assuaged, but a portion may warm up to the project if, in their minds, it wasn't being hurried through. Some of the final details had only been released the Friday before the meeting, one group claimed, and several speakers insisted they needed more time.
That postponement should not be indefinite, but the board was right to leave the decision for another day. When the future of the region is at stake, we'd prefer our leaders not to cast their "nays" or "ayes" after midnight following a lengthy, contentious public hearing.
Fans and foes can agree on at least one point — Chatham Park is huge, both in size and scope, and once set in motion, reversing course would be virtually impossible. Leaders in Pittsboro have the unenviable task of weighing the potential impact to the area's character and natural resources against missing out on an economic boon — which promises to bring jobs and a higher quality of life for residents.
Whatever the board members decide, they should actively involve the public, thoroughly explain their thinking and give citizens ample time to process the plans.
While they put off one vote, the board did decide to hire a consultant to review the proposal. For the time being, the boil of Chatham Park has been reduced to a simmer, but the issue is certain to be a point of contention well into the future.
Stay tuned.


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An ancient tradition with a modern twist. Now available in bulk for everyday enjoyment!
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For those who know just how delightful our drinking chocolate is: a bulk bag for everyday enjoyment! A warm cinnamon embrace, velvety chocolate, and an infusion of cayenne and pasilla chile with just enough heat to melt your heart. Spicy Maya is the perfect mix of sweet and seductive- in a cup!
(1) 5 lb bag. Contains dairy, soy.
Handcrafted with ethically sourced cacao and all natural ingredients. Produced in a facility that processes tree nuts, milk and wheat on shared equipment.
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Find hotels in Clemmons using the list and search tools below. Search for cheap and discounted hotel and motel rates in or near Clemmons, NC for your personal leisure or group travel. Explore the most favored Clemmons, North Carolina motel and hotel rooms. Browse the Clemmons area hotels to find the perfect lodging! Please use the provided map of the Clemmons hotels. Booking 5+ Rooms? Find Clemmons Group Hotel Discounts
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Babel admits FA charge
13th Jan 2011 - Latest News
Liverpool forward Ryan Babel has admitted a charge of improper conduct.
The charge relates to comments and images published by the player on Twitter concerning referee Howard Webb.
Babel has requested a personal hearing which will take place on Monday, January 17.
Tagged: Babel , FA charge , Ryan Babel , twitter


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Autism Positivity
Autism Positivity
Autism Positivity
Increasing Understanding
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Recent Posts
- H: 'Not an Impostor'
- H on Autistic Pride
- "Code" a Poem for H by N.I. Nicholson
- Shades of Slander: A Guest Post from Alanna Rose Whitney
- The pathologization of interest and curiosity
- 'Glitchbusters' the Movie…
- H on Acceptance, Love and Self-Care: #AutismPositivity2015
- Holding Space as Acceptance, Love, and Self-care: #AutismPositivity2015
- #AutismPositivity2015: Are you in???
- On assigning friendship…
Click here to purchase the award winning film Vectors of Autism
Category Archives: Journey
We're Making Hobbit Cloaks – Oh Ya!!
The Hobbit!!! H and I have been reading The Hobbit this summer. You can read about the beginning of our journey here and it has progressed as beautifully as I had hoped. H and I are still reading – but … Continue reading
Posted in Autism, connections, cosplay, Journey, mentor/apprentice, Reading The Hobbit, scaffolding Tagged Carven pipes, collaboration, Cosplay, costumes, Gandalf, Gollum, Hobbit, Hobbit Cloaks, Hobbit Mom, Lembas bread, Peter Jackson, problem-solving, Sewing, Smeagol, Video Montage 7 Comments
Rhodes on the Road
I want to tell you about a young man today – not H – but another equally amazing kid. I suppose he is not really a kid anymore – as he is 17 and well on his way to adulthood. … Continue reading
Posted in Autism, Journey, Moms, Parent, self-advocacy, support, travel Tagged Adventure, DC, Dwarfism, Little People, Little People of America, LPA, LPA Conference, Mynogan, RhodesontheRoad, struggle, Washington 2 Comments
Feet on Ground… Heart in Hand… Be Yourself…
I know one thing for certain… I am not going to get this whole motherhood thing completely right. I know there are things I do well, and that there are also things I need to work to do better. I … Continue reading
Posted in acceptance, Autism, childhood, Jann Arden, Journey, Moms, Parent, relationships, Resiliency Tagged acceptance, Autism, be yourself, Burger Brunch, Jann Arden, Mom, mother, parenting, relationship, resiliency 9 Comments
Dead TV and Opportunity
So… I just got a notification that today is the 2 year anniversary of this little project, 30 Days of Autism. And… I suppose here I shall admit that I am still enamored with the irony of my blog's name … Continue reading
The link between self-understanding and self-advocacy
I can get very excited about the topic of self-advocacy. I am supporting H in his journey, but as I support his learning there are a number of things I have been pondering… Opportunities to develop self-understanding: I think part … Continue reading
Posted in Autism, Journey, self-advocacy, worry Tagged Aspergers, Autism, awareness, development, Perspectives, self-advocacy, self-understanding 5 Comments
Autism… and Mexico and Family and Inclusion and…WOW!
"When I asked H to help me with packing today… he got all excited. Turns out he though I asked him about "hacking"… Love that kid! And Yay!! Work at SFU [working at the university] is done – so I … Continue reading
Posted in acceptance, Anxiety, aproximating typical, Autism, family, fitting in, Journey, Parent Tagged Aspergers, families, inclusion, Mexico, Neurotypical, parents, relationship 13 Comments
"I left my child in the woods!": Two Moms on the Lam
The Amazing Craig has taken H and City Mouse to create their own summer camp, which has been dubbed "Camp Snarfly." (This name was inspired by Laura Nagle's word snarfly – which is the autistic specific emotion of the joy … Continue reading
Posted in Aspergers, Autism, connections, Humour, Journey, Moms, Parent, Snarfly, Summer Camp Tagged Autism, Bullies, frindship, Holly Hobby, laughter, Laura Nagle, Lego, Meatballs, parents, raptinlight photography, snarfly, Spock, Summer camp, thrift store 4 Comments
Cleaning the Aspie Room: Aaack! Will we ever move on from this?
H is a collector! He is a collector of facts, like the Amazing Craig (H's Dad) and like myself! And also like me… he is a collector of stuff! We both love thrift stores and the thrill of a treasure … Continue reading
Posted in Anxiety, Aspergers, Autism, executive function, HFASD, Indiana Jones, Journey, Michael Jackson, Parent, Star Trek, Star Wars Tagged bedroom, Cleaning the bedroom, development, Hoarders, organization, parent, parents, sensory overload, Star Wars, strategies, stress 17 Comments


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Jacqueline Woolley, Chair The University of Texas at Austin, SEA 4.212, Austin, TX 78712 • (512) 475-7596
Posted: December 5, 2012
Kathryn Paige Harden, Assistant Professor of Psychology
Dr. Paige Harden is one of a team of researchers involved in a study of sexually active teens for whom casual sex may be an indicator of depressive symptoms or clinical depression. The study, led by Jane Mendle at Cornell University, found that sexual "hookups" increased a teenager's odds for depression. It had no significan effect, however, for those in a committed relationship. Their research has been published online in the Journal of Abnormal Psychology.


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Somerset batsman Nick Compton keen to make England Test impact in New Zealand
Posted: February 20, 2013|
Somerset batsman Nick Compton is relishing the prospect of adding another overseas tour destination to his fledgling career with the England Test side.
Compton, 29, played a pivotal role in England's historic Test series win in India before Christmas, and will be hoping to do the same when the three-match series gets under way in New Zealand next month.
The upcoming trip represents Compton's first to New Zealand for 11 years, since he played for England in the Under-19 World Cup.
"It is a beautiful country. It is a great place to go. I love my travelling and will take my camera again – like I did in India – and hopefully get a few pictures out there," Compton told the ECB website.
"Playing professional cricket is a great life. You get to travel to these countries, get first-hand experience of the people and the cultures so, apart from the cricket, I am really looking forward to going to New Zealand."
He added: "It feels like ages [since I was last there]. Who would have thought that, ten years later, I would be standing here about to embark upon another first-team tour? I am very proud. Hopefully I can make the most of it."


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Below is the poem entitled Phydeaux which was written by poet
Martin. Please feel free to comment on this poem. However, please remember, PoetrySoup is a place of encouragement and growth.
Read Poems by
Drjim Martin
He came into their yard one dreary day,
Hoping that he there from the rain could stay.
They gazed at him standing there in his miserableness
And quickly realized that he would be more than a guest.
He couldn't have been more than a few months old
Standing there timidly yet trying to be bold.
Friendliness he showed with wagging tail,
Convinced that in their favor he would prevail.
They gladly welcomed him into their home,
Wondering from where he had so carelessly roamed.
No average pup was this lovely pooch,
They couldn't, therefore, name him "Hooch."
They contemplated for more than an hour or two,
To reach a conclusion for a name that was new.
It couldn't be "Rover" or simply "Fido",
Because of his class, it must be Phydeaux.


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The extraordinary skill and work ethic exhibited by John and Horace Dodge Sr. make for one of the most inspiring stories in the annals of American business. To an extent, their accomplishments foretold of the vision later displayed by Horace Dodge Jr. But while the younger Dodge's creative spirit was as important to the world of pleasure boats as the Dodge brothers' was to the nascent American automobile industry, Horace Jr.'s tumultuous personal life and quixotic pursuit of racing fame ultimately undermined his promising career as a boat builder. This evocatively illustrated history of Dodge boats follows Horace Dodge Jr. as he pursues his dream of creating elegant wooden boats affordable for the masses. Author Anthony S. Mollica Jr. begins by exploring the creation of the Dodge automotive empire and the family fortune that bankrolled Horace Jr.'s quest. In the process, he foreshadows Horace Dodge Jr.'s application of automobile production techniques to the construction of wooden boats, the first models of which were appropriately dubbed "Watercars." Horace Jr.'s lifelong passion for boat racing is also examined, as are his hubris-fueled rivalry with Gar Wood and his Gatsby-like excesses. In the end, neither the talented designers and businesspeople with which Dodge surrounded himself, nor their innovative designs and marketing techniques, could save the Horace E. Dodge Boat and Plane Corporation from the lingering effects of the Great Depression, a changing industry, their boss' vices, and, often, his disinterest. Accompanied by modern color photography of restored classics and a wealth of archival images, many of which have not been published for more than half a century, Dodge Boats also features appendixes detailing all standardized models from 1923 through 1936, Dodge boat-building milestones, and important Dodge race boats.
Author Anthony S. Mollica Jr.


text: So it was like, Yumi was a friend of Sakura, Sasuke and Naruto, but she never really likes Sasuke. xD Same time she was looking up to him, cause he was stronger, than other gennins, he always achieved his goals, and when he left the village, she didn't do anything to stop him, that's why Sakura and Naruto disliked her. In shippuuden after few years, Yumi leaves the village too, to collect her own team and prove, that she's worth something, then Sasuke and Yumi met. And she greets him with theese words. xD Then they never meet again. But now she's not the official rpc, I just... Have some sentiments on her. xD