text:
A biochemical sensor based on ball integrated circuit technology which is designed to be biocompatible for implantation within a human or animal body. A sensor media is mounted to the ball integrated circuit, the sensor media operable for sensing biochemical molecules. An onboard communication link transmits data sensed by the sensor media from the ball integrated circuit.
1. A biochemical sensor, comprising:
a ball integrated circuit;
a sensor media mounted to said ball integrated circuit, said sensor media operable for sensing biochemical molecules;
a communication link for transmitting data sensed by said sensor media; and
an attached hydrogel which either collapses or blossoms based upon a polarity on the surface of said ball integrated circuit.
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11. A method of making a biochemical sensor, comprising the step of:
fabricating a ball integrated circuit;
mounting a sensor media to the ball integrated circuit;
sensing biochemical molecules with the sensor media;
transmitting data sensed by the sensor media over a communication link; and
attaching a hydrogel to the ball integrated circuit which either collapses or blossoms based upon a polarity on the surface of the ball integrated circuit.
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This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/137,071 entitled "GLUCOSE SENSOR" filed Jun. 2, 1999, and is related to the following pending applications: U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/448,781 entitled "SPHERICALLY-SHAPED BIOMEDICAL IC," filed Nov. 24, 1999; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/448,642 entitled "MINIATURE SPHERICAL-SHAPED SEMICONDUCTOR WITH TRANSDUCER," filed Nov. 24, 1999; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/521,922 entitled "IMPLANTABLE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM," filed Mar. 9, 2000, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
This invention is related to the field of biochemical sensors using integrated circuits. The sensors are specifically designed to be biocompatible for implantation in the human or an animal body, but may also be used in laboratory or industrial settings. The sensor communicates to either or both of a pump actuator, and to an externally located RF transmitter/receiver.
Diabetes mellitus is a disease in which glucose levels in the patient's blood become out of balance and largely unregulated and is the leading cause of morbidity in the United States. Studies have shown that when glucose levels are tightly maintained, induced secondary pathological states such as peripheral vasculopathy, which leads to such conditions as diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy and amputation of extremities, are largely avoided. The level of glucose control required to inhibit these associated pathological states is typically beyond the ability of diabetic patients to regulate in their own homes. Diabetic patients are required to prick a finger multiple times a day, draw a small sample of blood, place it in a glucose sensor, and then administer themselves an appropriate injection of insulin. Patient compliance is clearly an issue. If a patient does not accurately dose their insulin levels to correspond with glucose levels, then this level of insulin therapy is insufficient to stop the progress of the above mentioned pathological conditions.
A major step forward in the fight against diabetes would be the ability to automatically monitor blood glucose levels using one or more embedded sensors which eliminate the need for frequent finger pricks. After the glucose levels were automatically sensed, the sensor should be smart enough to determine if the levels were outside a preset range. The sensor would then either send a message to the patient that their glucose levels were out of range, or in the preferred case, activate an implanted insulin pump to automatically maintain glucose levels within physiological levels.
The disclosed sensing architecture describes a device, and outlines the fabrication process of the device to make a wireless glucose sensor. Such a sensor is ideal for implantation within the human body for the control of diabetes mellitus. However, it could also be used in biotech processing plants where glucose levels are required to be maintained within a certain range, or in the veterinary market for the treatment of animals that have diabetes. Because this sensor is based on semiconductor technology, the preferred embodiment is to automatically actuate a pump to meter an appropriate dosage of insulin or to add additional glucose if levels rose above or fell below a programmable range. The disclosed sensor architecture specifically deals only with the sensor. The connection of how this sensor may interact with a pump is described in a previously submitted U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/521,922 by Ishikawa et al., entitled "Implantable Drug Delivery Systems," filed Mar. 9, 2000, and which is hereby incorporated by reference. The sampling frequency of the glucose sensor is programmable, and is determined by the radio frequency (RF) transmitter/receiver, which is external to the sensor. In the case of implantation in the human body, the external transmitter/receiver is worn by the patient, and is ideally similar in size and appearance to a beeper or other socially acceptable device. In the case that there is no pump available, or if the pump requires maintenance, this external transmitter/receiver can be programmed to sound an audible alarm or series of various alarms. The patient would then be able to manually administer an appropriate dosage. This constant feedback to the patient would allow a much tighter control of blood glucose levels, and could potentially result in a substantial decrease in mortality and morbidity currently associated with diabetes.
The disclosed sensor system is valid for a variety of biological molecules. In particular, any biological molecule that undergoes enzymatic oxidation with the concomitant production of an acid and/or hydrogen peroxide can be detected by one or more of the disclosed embodiments as described herein. Detailed discussion focuses on glucose, for example, but it should be kept in mind that glucose is only one specific example of the multitude of applications.
The present invention disclosed and claimed herein, in one aspect thereof, comprises a biochemical sensor fabricated on a ball integrated circuit. A sensor media is mounted to the ball integrated circuit, the sensor media operable for sensing biochemical molecules. An onboard communication link transmits data sensed by the sensor media from the ball integrated circuit.
For a more complete understanding of the present invention and the advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying Drawings in which:
FIG. 1 illustrates a ball semiconductor sensor;
FIG. 2 illustrates a pH sensitive hydrogel covalently attached to the surface of a ball semiconductor sensor;
FIG. 3 illustrates the enzyme glucose oxidase attached to the hydrogel;
FIG. 4 illustrates the ball semiconductor with the attached hydrogel in the presence of glucose;
FIG. 5 illustrates the ball semiconductor with the attached hydrogel in the absence of glucose;
FIG. 6 illustrates a ball semiconductor sensor that has at least two osmotic pressure sensors located on the same ball sensor;
FIG. 7 illustrates two ball sensors in a cluster with electrodes placed at precise locations near the bumps that connect the two ball sensors;
FIG. 8 illustrates a graph indicating the volume of the hydrogel as a function of the change in pH;
FIG. 9 illustrates a corresponding graph showing the anticipated sensed pressure as a function of pH changes, which will be proportional to graphing pressure changes as a function of glucose concentration if glucose oxidase is attached to the hydrogel;
FIG. 10 illustrates a ball semiconductor sensor having a well for electrochemical detection of glucose using a pH sensitive hydrogel coupled with an electrically conductive polymer;
FIG. 11 illustrates a block diagram of a ball sensor with an integral transducer in combination with a radio frequency communication system in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 12 illustrates a schematic block diagram of the receiver/transmitter and a detection/power system;
FIGS. 13A and 13B illustrate alternative embodiments for the receiver/transmitter and the storage capacitors associated therewith;
FIG. 14 illustrates a perspective view of one of the ball sensor semiconductor spheres having antenna leads disposed thereon;
FIG. 15 illustrates a cross-sectional diagram of the portion of the surface of the ball sensor spherical IC of FIG. 14;
FIG. 16 illustrates a side view of an alternative embodiment utilizing additional circuitry or structure attached to the ball IC for providing a local power source;
FIG. 17 illustrates a schematic block diagram of the ball IC using a battery as the local power supply system;
FIG. 18 illustrates a side elevation of a cluster of semiconductor balls that may be employed in a sensor function, according to a disclosed embodiment;
FIG. 19 illustrates a cross section taken along the line 19—19 of FIG. 18 to expose the four contacts between two balls;
FIG. 20 illustrates a cluster or aggregation of balls; and
FIG. 21 illustrates an embodiment where a ball IC is constructed with a pump that is connected on one end through plumbing to reservoir, and on a second end through plumbing to the surface of the ball IC.
Referring now to FIG. 1, there is illustrated a ball semiconductor sensor 100 which is provided by a ball semiconductor, as described in a commonly-assigned U.S. Pat. No. 5,955,776 by Ishikawa entitled "Spherical Shaped Semiconductor Integrated Circuit," which issued Sep. 21, 1999, and is hereby incorporated by reference. The broad medical capabilities of ball semiconductors are described more fully in a previously-filed U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/448,781 by Ishikawa et al., entitled "Spherically-Shaped Biomedical IC," filed Nov. 24, 1999, and which is hereby incorporated by reference. Briefly, the ball semiconductor 100 is approximately 1 mm or less in diameter, and is capable of receiving power from a distant source through radio frequency (RF) transmission, and sending data to an external receiver also via RF communication. They can also be physically connected to each other and to other devices. The RF signal generated by the ball semiconductor sensor 100 to carry the data stream outside the body is sufficiently strong to penetrate at least one centimeter of tissue. The ball semiconductor sensor 100 has onboard circuits comprising an RF antenna coil 118, an RF rectifier-smoother 121, an RF amplifier 122 and control logic 124.
Referring now to FIG. 2, there is illustrated a first embodiment having a hydrogel 200 which is covalently attached to the surface of the ball sensor 100. This hydrogel 200 is pH sensitive, and undergoes very large changes in volume with small changes in local pH.
Referring now to FIG. 3, there is illustrated an enzyme glucose oxidase 310 attached to the hydrogel 200. The biologically active enzyme glucose oxidase 310 is covalently attached to the hydrogel 200. Glucose molecules 320 are shown disposed proximate to the hydrogel 200. This enzyme catalyzes the reaction
Therefore, the change in acid concentration (measurable as a pH change) is directly proportional to the glucose concentration, as indicated in Equation (1). This allows the hydrogel 200 then to serve as a very sensitive glucose sensor. With the appropriate degree of cross-linking, the gel 200 can actually exert a contractile force on the ball 100 on the order of 104 dynes/cm2. This contractile force is large enough to be measured as a pressure exerted on the surface of the ball semiconductor 100 providing the sensor. This embodiment can therefore detect small changes in the local pH caused by the oxidation of glucose by the enzyme glucose oxidase 310. To prevent shifts in pH due to other reasons from giving a false reading, an aggregate of two or more ball sensors 100 will always be used clinically, where one of the ball sensors 100 contains the glucose oxidase 310 enzyme and the other does not. Therefore, by examining the difference between the two ball sensors 100, the effects due to the presence of glucose can be isolated.
Referring now to FIG. 4, there is illustrated the ball semiconductor sensor 100 with the attached hydrogel 200 in the presence of glucose molecules 320. An osmotic pressure sensor 400 fabricated at or near the surface of the ball 100, and proximate to the hydrogel 200, has an osmotic chamber 402 and an electrode 404, the purposes of which will be described in greater detail hereinbelow.
Refining now to FIG. 5, there is illustrated the ball semiconductor sensor 100 with the attached hydrogel 200 in the absence of glucose molecules 320. The attached hydrogel 200 is shown in a collapsed state in the presence of a changed polarity on the surface of the ball 100. The capability of changing the surface polarity of the ball 100 offers a control function over whether the ball sensor 100 can be used to either sense the presence of glucose molecules 320 when in a "blossomed" state (as indicated in FIG. 4), or can be prevented from sensing glucose molecules 320 when in a collapsed state. To accommodate this control feature, the ball sensor 100 has a polyelectrolyte hydrogel covalently attached to its surface. The polyelectrolyte is designed to collapse down tightly to the surface of the ball semiconductor 100 when the ball surface has an electrical charge of the opposite polarity as the polyelectrolyte. Conversely, when the charge on the ball 100 reverses polarity, the polyelectrolyte is repelled by the surface charge causing the hydrogel to quickly swell (or "blossom") into the aqueous environment, and thereby promoting sensing of the designated chemical(s) in the surrounding environment. In this way, the sensing function is turned on and off with each change in the surface charge.
Referring now to FIG. 6, there is illustrated a ball semiconductor sensor 100 that has at least two osmotic capacitive pressure sensors 600 and 602 having respective osmotic chambers 604 and 606. Osmotic chamber 604 has a first inner electrode 608 formed at its base, and a first outer electrode 610 formed on the surface of the ball 100. Osmotic chamber 606 has a second inner electrode 612 formed at its base, and a second outer electrode 614 formed on the surface of the ball 100. A first thin polymer semipermeable membrane 616 which is permeable to small molecules including both water, salts, and glucose, covers the entire surface of the ball 100. This first polymer film 616 is permeable to small molecules including water, glucose and salts. A second semipermeable polymer film membrane 618 is applied over the osmotic pressure well 606. The second membrane 618 overlies the first membrane 616, and underlies the second outer electrode 614. This second polymer film 618 is permeable to water and salts, but not to glucose. Therefore, well 606 contains water and salts, but no glucose, and well 604 contains water, salts, glucose, and other small molecules.
The two outer electrodes 610 and 614 are disposed on the outer periphery of the ball sensor 100, with the first outer electrode 610 connected to the first membrane 616, and the second membrane 618 interstitial to the first semipermeable membrane 616 and the second outer electrode 614. The first outer electrodes 610 is applied to the top of the first polymer film 616 over the osmotic pressure well 604, and the second outer electrode 614 is applied to the top of the second polymer film 618 over the osmotic pressure well 606. The inner electrode 608 of the pressure sensor 600 connects to an input of a differential amplifier 620. Similarly, the second inner electrode 612 connects another input of the differential amplifier 620. As the contents of the osmotic pressure wells 604 and 606 change, the corresponding osmotic pressure and conductivity changes effect a change in the capacitance between the two sets of electrode pairs (608/610 and 612/614). By sending the output of these two capacitors 600 and 602 into the differential amplifier 620, the output voltage will be proportional to the concentration of glucose being measured.
Referring now to FIG. 7, there is illustrated two ball sensors 100 and 101 disposed in a cluster. Ball sensor 100 includes a cathode 702, an anode 704 and one or more interconnect bumps 706. Similarly, ball sensor 101 includes a cathode 708, an anode 710 and one or more interconnect bumps 712. The bumps 706 and 712 electrically interconnect each of the balls sensors 100 and 101 when configured into a cluster. Notably, the ball 100 (or ball 101) may have several sets of interconnect bumps 706 strategically placed in various quadrants of the sphere of the ball 100 to facilitate interconnection to adjoining balls. Ball 100 has a hydrogel 714 and enzyme glucose oxidase 716 combination (similar to hydrogel 200 and glucose oxidase 310) disposed in selected areas thereon, and ball 101 also has a hydrogel 718 and enzyme glucose oxidase 720 combination (similar to hydrogel 200 and glucose oxidase 310) disposed in selected areas thereon. As mentioned hereinabove, where a cluster of balls 100 are used, one of the balls 100 (or 101) may not incorporate the oxidase 310 in order to provide a reference against that parameter which is being measured, in this case, glucose.
Referring now to FIGS. 8 and 9, there are illustrated graphs indicating the volume of the hydrogel 200 as a function of the change in pH (in FIG. 8), and a graph showing the anticipated sensed pressure as a function of pH changes (in FIG. 9), which will be proportional to graphing pressure changes as a function of glucose concentration if glucose oxidase 310 is attached to the hydrogel 200. Because of the rapid rate of change of volume with respect to pH, this embodiment provides near step function output signals 800 and 900, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9. Therefore, this sensor 100 is ideal to drive an insulin pump, giving sharp on/off signals to the pump mechanism.
Referring now to FIG. 10, there is illustrated a ball semiconductor sensor 100 having a well (or chamber, similar to chambers 604 and 606) 1000 for electrochemical detection of glucose using a pH sensitive hydrogel coupled with an electrically conductive polymer. A polymer composite 1002 placed in the well 1000 consists of the pH-sensitive hydrogel 200, an electrically conductive polymer, and the enzyme glucose oxidase 310. The pH-sensitive hydrogel 200 is cross-linked with the electrically conductive polymer composite 1002 (e.g., polyaniline) that also swells in water. The enzyme glucose oxidase 310 is covalently attached to this polymer composite 1002, which is then attached to the surface of an inner electrode 1004 (similar to inner electrodes 608 and 612) at the bottom of the well 1000 at the surface of the semiconductor substrate 1006. A semipermeable membrane 1008 (similar to the first membrane 616) is attached across the top of the well 1000, forming the tightly sealed electrochemical chamber 1000.
An outer electrode 1010 (similar outer electrodes 610 and 614) and the inner electrode 1004 together form a parallel plate capacitor. The outer electrode 1010 is attached to the semipermeable membrane 1008, forming the parallel plate capacitor, which is connected to an LRC circuit (not shown in FIG. 10). The LRC circuit preferably detects changes in glucose levels by shifts in the natural frequency of the circuit. As glucose diffuses into the chamber 1000, it will react with the glucose oxidase 310, change the pH within the chamber 1000, and hence change the volume of the hydrogel composite 1002. As the volume of the hydrogel composite 1002 changes, the electrically conducting polymer is brought nearer to the top outer electrode 1010. This changes the effective capacitive distance, which is detected as a change in the frequency of the LRC circuit. Therefore, changes in the glucose level are directly measured as frequency changes in the electronic circuitry of the semiconductor.
In another embodiment, the relative change in osmotic pressure is utilized as a sensitive measure of glucose concentration, as demonstrated in U.S. Pat. No. 5,337,747 by Neftel, entitled "Implantable Device For Estimating Glucose Levels," and issued Aug. 16, 1994. It has been shown that the major changes in the contents of the interstitial fluid involve a limited number of substances, one of which is glucose. Furthermore, it has been shown that interstitial glucose levels closely follow blood glucose levels. Therefore, the relative osmotic pressure through a semipermeable membrane that allows glucose to pass with respect to a semipermeable membrane that excludes glucose will provide an accurate measure of the interstitial glucose level. Using two membranes will control for changes in interfering substances, changes in patient hydration states and other confounding situations.
In another embodiment, a platinum sensor is attached to the surface of the ball. This electrode amperometrically senses the concentration of hydrogen peroxide generated as per Equation (1) above. Once hydrogen peroxide is generated, it is electrochemically detected according the formula of Equation (2):
at +600 mV vs Ag/AgCl. Therefore, the current generated is proportional to the amount of hydrogen peroxide generated, which is proportional to the glucose concentration. The problem with this approach is the presence of interfering substances such as ascorbic acid, dopamine, acetaminophen and uric acid. To help with selectivity, a 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane coating is applied to the platinum. The enzyme glucose oxidase is then immobilized on the mercaptosilane. This is then coated with a semipermeable membrane such as polyurethane. A silver electrode is treated in a similar manner but without enzyme immobilization to serve as a reference.
Referring now to FIG. 11, there is illustrated the basic circuit functions of the ball sensor 100. The spherical semiconductor ball 100 is provided having a substrate upon which the transponder circuitry is disposed, and includes an antenna/coil 1111, which serves the dual purpose of receiving signal energy from a remote central processing unit 1120 and transmitting signal energy thereto. The signal energy may be received by the antenna/coil 1111 by inductive coupling if the central processing unit 1120 is sufficiently close to the ball 100. Alternatively, electromagnetic waves can be used to transmit power from the central processing unit 1120 to the ball 100, whereby the magnetic field component of the electromagnetic wave induces a current in the coil 1111, in accordance with known techniques. The power signal received by the antenna/coil 1111 is rectified and smoothed by an RF rectifier smoother circuit 1112. The output of the rectifier circuit 1112 is connected to a DC power storage device 1113, such as a capacitor. Such capacitor might also perform a waveform smoothing function. A voltage regulator 1114 is used to make the DC voltage stable regardless of the distance between the central processing unit 1120 and the ball 100.
An RF oscillator 1117 generates an RF carrier signal at a predetermined frequency in the RF band. An RF modulator 1118 modulates onto the carrier frequency signal one or more of the sensor data corresponding sensor(s) 1109 via an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter 1110, and information from a memory 1115 which has stored therein an ID code as a digital word. Notably, the memory 1115 may have the capacity to store more information, such as the date, time, patient name and address, physician name, etc., to facilitate the recording of pertinent patient/doctor information. The resulting modulated signal is amplified by an RF amplifier 1119, and then transmitted to the outside through the antenna/coil 1111. Further details of the preferred coil are described in the aforementioned commonly assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/448,642 by Ishikawa et al., entitled "Miniature Spherical-Shaped Semiconductor With Transducer" and filed Nov. 24, 1999.
The external central processing unit 1120 includes an antenna/coil 1121 that serves the dual purpose of generating the electromagnetic wave for transmitting power to the ball 100, and receiving the RF data signal transmitted by the ball 100. It is preferred that the frequency of the electromagnetic wave that is output by the antenna/coil 1121 is different from the carrier frequency generated by the RF oscillator 1117. An RF amplifier 1122 is used to couple the electromagnetic wave for power transmission to the antenna/coil 1121. An RF oscillator 1123 determines the frequency of the electromagnetic wave that is emitted by the central processing unit 1120. The data received by the antenna/coil 1121 is detected by an RF detector 1124 and then amplified by an RF amplifier 1125. Preferably, the converter 1126 converts the signal from the RF amplifier 1125 to a digital signal, which in turn is input to control logic 1127. The control logic 1127 may be a smaller central processing unit which interfaces with another main processor of the main central processing unit 1120. The control logic 1127 extracts the data from the signal received by the central processing unit 1120 from the ball 100 and displays that information on a suitable display 1128, such as a CRT screen.
The technique for transmitting data from the ball 100 to the main central processing unit 1120 using the carrier frequency generated by the RF oscillator 1117 can be in the form using any suitable protocol. The modulation can be AM, FM, PM, or any other suitable modulation technique.
Referring now to FIG. 12, there is illustrated a schematic block diagram of the ball sensor 100 and the remote system for the powering/detection operation. The illustrated embodiment of FIG. 12 is that associated with a "passive" system, which term refers to the fact that there is no battery associated therewith. In order to operate the system, there is provided an inductive coupling element 1204 in the form of an inductor, which is operable to pick up an alternating wave or impulse via inductive coupling and extract the energy therein for storage in the inductive element 1204. This will create a voltage across the inductive element 1204 between a terminal 1206 and a terminal 1208. A diode 1210 is connected between the node 1208 and a node 1212, with the anode of diode 1210 connected to node 1208 and the cathode of diode 1210 connected to a node 1212. Typically, the diode 1210 will be fabricated as a Schottky diode, but can be a simple PN semiconductor diode. For the purposes of this embodiment, the PN diode will be described, although it should be understood that a Schottky diode could easily be fabricated to replace this diode 1210. The reason for utilizing a Schottky diode is that the Schottky diode has a lower voltage drop in the forward conducting direction.
The diode 1210 is operable to rectify the voltage across the inductive element 1204 onto the node 1212, which has a capacitor 1214 disposed between node 1212 and node 1206. Node 1212 is also connected through a diode 1216 having the anode thereof connected to node 1212 and the cathode thereof connected to a node 1218 to charge up a capacitor 1220 disposed between node 1218 and 1206. The capacitor 1220 is the power supply capacitor for providing power to the ball sensor 100.
A CPU 1238 and a clock circuit 1240 are provided for providing processing and timing functions to the system. A memory 1239 (similar to memory 1115) is provided in communication with the CPU 1238 for storage of an ID unique to the ball sensor 100 to allow the CPU 1238 to retrieve this information for transmittal back to the remote location 1120. This retrieval is automatic when the system is powered up and is continuous as long as the system is powered. This memory 1239 is non-volatile, such as a ROM, or it could be a programmable non-volatile memory.
In order to communicate with the CPU 1238 for transferring data therefrom, a transmit circuit 1242 is provided for interfacing to node 1212 through a resistive element 1244. This allows energy to be transmitted to node 1212. It is important to note that the semiconductor junction across diode 1210 is a capacitive junction. Therefore, this will allow coupling from node 1212 to node 1204. Although not illustrated, this could actually be a tuned circuit, by selecting the value of the capacitance inherent in the design of the diode 1210. In any event, this allows an RF connection to be provided across diode 1210 while allowing sufficient energy to be input across inductive element 1204 to provide a voltage thereacross for rectification by the diode 1210 and capacitor 1214. Typically, the frequency of this connection will be in the MHz range, depending upon the design. However, many designs could be utilized. Some of these are illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 4,333,072 by Beigel, entitled "Identification Device" issued Jun. 1, 1982, and U.S. Pat. No. 3,944,982, by Mogi et al., and entitled "Remote Control System For Electric Apparatus" issued Mar. 16, 1982, both of which are hereby incorporated by reference. With these types of systems, power can continually be provided to the node 1212 and subsequently to capacitors 1214 and 1220 to allow power to be constantly applied to the ball sensor 100.
The remote system 1120 includes an inductive element 1250 which is operable to be disposed in an area proximate to the ball sensor 100. The inductive element 1250 is driven by a driving circuit 1252 which provides a differential output that is driven by an oscillator 1254. This will be at a predetermined frequency and power level necessary to couple energy from inductive element 1250 to inductive element 1204. Since the remote system 1120 is an external system, the power of the oscillator 1254 can be set to a level to account for any losses encountered in the scanning operation.
When the information is received from the ball sensor 100, it is superimposed upon the oscillator signal driving the inductive element 1250. This is extracted therefrom via a detector 1260 which has the output thereof input to a first low pass filter 1262 and then to a second low pass filter 1264. The output of low pass filters 1262 and 1264 are compared with a comparator 1266 to provide the data. The filter 1262 will provide an average voltage output, whereas the filter 1264 will provide the actual digital voltage output. The output of the comparator 1266 is then input to a CPU 1270 which also is powered by the oscillator 1254 to process the data received therefrom. This can be input to a display 1272.
Referring now to FIGS. 13A and 13B, there are illustrated alternate embodiments for the transmit/receive operation. In FIG. 13A, there is provided an oscillator 1300 which drives an external inductive element 1302. Typically, there is some type of load 1304 disposed across the inductive element 1302. This is the primary power that is provided to the system. A separate inductive element 1306 is provided on the ball sensor 100, for being inductively coupled to the inductive element 1302. Thereafter, a voltage is generated across the inductive element 1306, the inductive element 1306 being connected between a node 1308 and 1310. A diode 1312 is connected between node 1308 and a power node 1314, and a power supply capacitor 1316 is disposed between node 1314 and node 1310. This allows the voltage on node 1306 to be rectified with diode 1312.
The receive operation in this embodiment in FIG. 13B utilizes a separate inductive element or antenna 1324 in the ball sensor 100, which is operable to be connected between nodes 1309 and 1310. Node 1309 is capacitively coupled to a transmit node 1330 with a capacitor 1332, the capacitor 1332 being a coupling capacitor. A transmitter 1334 is provided for transmitting received data from a line 1336 to the node 1330 which is then coupled to the node 1309 to impress the RF signal across the inductive element 1324.
A corresponding inductive element 1340 is disposed on the external remote controller, which inductive element 1340 is operable to be disposed proximate to the inductive element 1324. The inductive element 1340 is basically a "pick-up" element which is operable to receive information and function as an antenna and provide the received signal to a receiver 1342. The structure of FIG. 13b is a separate structure, such that node 1309 is isolated from node 1308, the power receiving node. However, it should be understood that any harmonics of the oscillator 1300 would, of course, leak over into the inductive element 1306. This can be tuned out with the use of some type of tuning element 1344 on the ball sensor 100 disposed across inductive element 1324 and also a tuning element 1346 disposed across the inductive element 1340, i.e., the antenna.
Referring now to FIG. 14, there is illustrated a perspective view of the spherical IC embodiment of the ball sensor 100, wherein the inductive element 1204 is illustrated as being strips of conductive material wrapped around the exterior of the spherical ball IC 100. The inductive element 1204 described hereinabove with respect to FIG. 12, is formed of a conductive strip 1401 wrapped many times around the spherical ball sensor 100. The length of these wires depends upon the receive characteristics that are required. As described hereinabove with reference to FIGS. 13A and 13B, there could be multiple conductive strips 1401, each associated with a receive function, a transmit function or a power function, or they could all share one single conductive element or strip. On one end of the spherical ball sensor 100, there is provided an interconnect pad 1400 and conductive interconnect balls 1402 associated therewith of material such as gold. On the other end thereof are provided additional interfacing interconnect balls 1404. These interconnect balls 1402 and 1404 allow the spherical IC ball sensor 100 to be clustered with other spherical ICs. The contacts or interconnect balls 1402 and 1404 and the clustering operation are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,877,943 by Ramamurthi, entitled "Clustering Adapter For Spherical Shaped Devices" issued Mar. 2, 1999, and assigned to the present assignee, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
Referring now to FIG. 15, there is illustrated a cross-sectional diagram of the surface of the spherical IC ball sensor 100 illustrating the conductive strips forming the inductive element 1204. The conductive strips are referred to by reference numeral 1510 which are spaced on or near the surface of the IC ball sensor 100 by a predetermined distance and separated therefrom by a layer of silicon dioxide 1508. A passivation layer 1509 is then disposed over the upper surface of the conductive strips 1510. The conductive strips 1510 can be fabricated from polycrystalline silicon but, it would be preferable to form them from the upper metal layer to result in a lower conductivity strip. This will allow the strips 1510 to be narrower and separated from each other by a larger distance. This separation would reduce the amount of capacitance therebetween.
One end of the strips 1510 is connected to a diode structure 1511. The diode structure 1511 is formed of an N-well implant region 1514 having an interface 1512 with the underlying substrate, and into which a P-well implant region 1516 is disposed, and an N-well implant region 1518 disposed within the P-well implant region 1516. This forms a PN diode where one end of the conductive strips 1510, a conductive connection 1520, is connected to the P-well 1516 implant region, and a conductive layer 1522 is connected at one end to the N-well implant region 1518. This conductive layer or strip 1522 extends outward to other circuitry on the integrated circuit and can actually form a capacitor (e.g., capacitors 1214 or 1220). Since it needs to go to the capacitor directly, a lower plate 1524 formed of a layer of polycrystalline silicon or metal in a double-metal process, could be provided separated therefrom by a layer of oxide 1526.
Referring now to FIG. 16, there is illustrated a side view of an alternative embodiment utilizing additional circuitry or structure attached to the ball IC 100 for providing a local power source. As described hereinabove, the ball IC 100 requires a power-generating structure for storing a power supply voltage such that diodes must be provided for receiving and rectifying a large amount of power and charging up a power supply capacitor. Alternatively, the ball IC 100 could be configured to interface to an attached local power supply system 1600 comprising either a battery or a capacitor. The local power supply system 1600 is illustrated as disposed on a circuit board 1603 defined by supporting structures 1602 and 1604. The circuit board 1603 contains electronics for interfacing the local power supply system 1600 to the ball IC 100.
Referring now to FIG. 17, there is illustrated a schematic block diagram of the ball IC 100 using a battery as the local power supply system 1600. A battery 1701 (or local power source similar to 1600) is provided as a source of self-contained power and is connected across a capacitor 1700 to provide smoothing of any power output to the system power-consuming elements of the ball IC 100. Power for all onboard components is obtained from the SYSTEM POWER output by providing sufficient charge to the capacitor 1700. The capacitor 1700 could be formed on the surface of the ball IC 100 or it could actually be part of the battery structure 1701. Additionally, the capacitance 1700 could actually be the capacitance of the battery 1701. Additional structure could be provided for powering the CPU 1238 and the other circuitry on the ball IC 100 from the battery 1701. As such, there would only be required a smaller inductive element 1702 (similar to inductive element 1204) and a capacitor 1704 to allow the receive/transmit block 1242 to receive/transmit information from and to the remote exterior control station 1120. A switch control 1730 controls the gate of a switching transistor 1731 to switch the output of the transducer 1109 through the switching transistor 1731 source/drain path to the CPU 1238.
Each of the above-described sensing techniques can be implemented on the same system of printed integrated circuits. This system comprises one or more physical semiconductors that are connected into a single unit. This expands the capabilities of the described systems in two ways. First, a single biological molecule can be detected by more than one sensor, using different sensing mechanisms. This has the advantage that if one or more different types of sensors begin to degrade in performance with time, that sensor's performance can be monitored. If needed, that sensor can either be uncoupled from the system, in the case of sensor failure, or it can be re-calibrated in situ based upon the readings of other sensors, whose readings are considered stable, or by an outside sensor brought in specifically for the purpose of re-calibration. The second advantage of combining various sensing techniques, is the ability to sense several different biological molecules at the same time. This multi-chemical biosensor has the ability to take general health status readings, and flag chemical imbalances.
Referring now to FIG. 18, there is illustrated a side elevation of a cluster 1880 of semiconductor balls that may be employed in a sensor function, according to a disclosed embodiment. Although a single ball can include the foregoing functions, more complex monitoring functions with multiple sensors (or transducers) can be implemented. For example, the cluster 1880 can include a ball 1881 for power receiving and data transmission functions. Alternatively, ball 1881 can be a miniature battery. A ball 1882 can include a first transducer function, such as glucose sensing, and a ball 1883 can include a second transducer function, such as measuring pH, pO2, pCO2, or temperature, as the particular application requires. Connections between the balls are made through metal contacts 1890, which may be solder bumps.
Referring now to FIG. 19, there is illustrated a cross section taken along the line 19—19 of FIG. 18 to expose the four contacts 1988 a, 1988 b, 1988 c and 1988 d between ball 1882 and ball 1883. The contacts 1988 a and 1988 b may be power contacts, such as a positive 3.0 volts and ground, which can be passed from ball 1881 around ball 1882 by conductors on its surface using two of a group of similar contacts (designated collectively by numeral 1890 in FIG. 18). The contacts 1988 c and 1988 d may be data and control contacts for communications between ball 1882 and ball 1883. Similarly, data and control contacts may exist among contact group 1890 between ball 1881 and ball 1882 to the extent needed.
Referring now to FIG. 20, there is illustrated a cluster or aggregation 2000 of balls 2091, 2092, 2093, 2094, 2095 and 2096, as an example of the versatility of such ball systems. The cluster 2000 specifically shows six balls arranged in a three-dimensional configuration. It will be appreciated that various other cluster arrangements are possible, limited only by the constraints of the end-use application. Each of the balls of the cluster 2000 can perform different electronic functions and communicate with each other through contacts as described above in connection with FIGS. 18 and 19. For example, ball sensors can be located on the sides of catheters to measure various parameters. More than one of the balls in the cluster 2000 can also be operable to perform a glucose sensing function. Clustered balls are able to integrate, transmit, and receive more complex information or actuate a response (emit laser, infrared, ultrasound, or electrical energy). The actuators may contain a piezoelectric driver attached to a ball surface for ultrasound generation and control for measurements of luminal diameter and fluid flow rate within the vessel lumen. Such actuators can serve as an emitting device allowing for external detection to determine location or position.
Referring now to FIG. 21, there is illustrated one embodiment where a ball IC 2110 is constructed with a pump 2140 that is connected on one end through plumbing 2130 to reservoir 2120, and on a second end through plumbing 2150 to the surface 2115 of the ball IC 2110. A medicine or substance (e.g., glucose) carried by the ball IC 2110 in reservoir 2120 to a treatment site can be released to the site through plumbing 2130 and 2150. The action of pump 2140 is responsive to signals generated by control logic 1116, shown in FIG. 11. The disclosed method and apparatus are provided as an implantable system for the delivery of medication or substances locally to a site. However, it can also be engineered to deliver systemically acting substances such as insulin or in response to certain levels of detected substances such as glucose. The ball 2110 can also accommodate one or more actuator devices which release pharmaceuticals and/or bio-pharmaceuticals for gene therapy.
Above are described several embodiments, each of which is a unique method by which a biological molecule may be detected. The descriptions have all used the specific example of glucose, but it should be kept in mind that any biological molecule that undergoes similar enzymatic reactions can also be detected by these same means.
Although the preferred embodiment has been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
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When you think about Michelle Williams, some phrases that come to mind might be "pixie cut" or "Academy Award nominee" or "woman who was blessed enough to film a sex scene with Ryan Gosling." So imagine our hotness-induced asthma attack when the only thing Williams' new GQ cover made us think of was all the money we're pouring into our gym membership…without ever going. As if we needed another pantless celebrity reminder.
"I wouldn't say that that would be one of my first qualities as a human being — being sexy," the My Week with Marilyn star admits to the magazine in her new interview. "And I think because my character on Dawson's Creek was sexy…sexualized…sexual…I saw all the negative attention and connotations that can come along with that. And that those things can keep people from seeing you clearly." Wearing a headband and long sleeves to the Golden Globes one day, posing sans clothing the next: oh no, we see you girl. On a side not, should we be doing crunches? Is that's what's going on here? What about Zumba? Really, any advice would be helpful at this point, Michelle.
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Formed in April 2006. Birmingham Science Park Aston near the city centre hosts NxtGenUG Birmingham. A great meeting place to discuss technology and eat Pizza!
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Richard Costall (MVP, MCSD.NET) has over 22 years development experience and works for 1st Software, a Microsoft Gold Partner, and the UK's leading software solution for Financial Adviser and Intermediaries, designing and implementing IFA applications in the financial services sector. Previously specializing in VB, XML/XSLT, COM, ASP and MSMQ, Richard now lives and breathes the awesome world of .Net and in particular ASP.NET and Silverlight 2.0. Richard spent 5 1/2 years as the Midlands regional coordinator for VBUG (Visual Basic User Group) before co-founding NxtGenUG, the innovative UK user group for Microsoft Technologies.
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Dave works as Chief Architect for .NET Development at Ridgian Limited, a privately owned software house based in Central Birmingham. Ridgian are a Microsoft Certified Partner and specialise in Business Intelligence Solutions and Custom Software Solutions. He is very active in the Microsoft community speaking at DeveloperDeveloperDeveloper conferences, and at numerous User Group meetings around the country on such topics as SQL XML, SQL 2005 Security, Regular Expressions and his favouritte technology XSLT and XPATH. He has recently published articles on SQL Server 2005 Security in International Developer Magazine and on Vista and Office 2007 in the Microsoft Beta Newsletters.
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Fall, Football … and Fasting?
What would it look like if you spent the next month or so consuming less, so that when Thanksgiving arrives, you'll have a renewed sense of what it is like to truly be thankful?
Sharing a Place at Our Table
Inspired by Chris Seay's book, "A Place at the Table," the Pina family decided to fast from certain foods. For 40 days they are eating the same foods that their sponsored Nicaraguan child eats.
What Distracts Your Place at the Table?
Nate and his family are just over halfway through a 40-day "A Place at the Table" journey of eating what their sponsored child in Haiti eats. They've been eating rice, beans, chicken, avocados, bananas and oranges.
"That's Not a Need, That's a Want"
It was during the first major global food crisis a few years ago, when rice and bean prices were out of control in Haiti, when the daily news was showing pictures of mud-pies being sold for food on the streets of Port-au-Prince. What perked my son's money-tuned ears was the words "fifty cents."
In A Place At The Table, author Chris Seay proposes that we spend 40 days in a fast with a unique twist: eat what our sponsored child eats. And in the process, recapture gratitude and a sense of solidarity with the poor.
Will You Take a Place at the Table?
Pastor Chris Seay invites you on a journey. A 40-day journey that will disrupt your habits and your rituals. A journey that will help you identify and connect with the poor and the suffering — the ones Jesus loves.
Evil Schemes and Generous Plans
The enemy has spoken lying words to those caught in his scheme. He has told them they don't matter. He has made them believe they are all alone in their suffering. He has deceived them into thinking their situation will never change.
Fasting isn't an instrument to get God to hear our prayers or to help us master a primordial impulse or to accomplish anything. It's something you do when circumstances are bad enough that you don't want to eat and it would seem wrong to do so.
In One Word, 2011 Will Be About …
The words the Holy Spirit shares with us require us to "step up." This discipline is not something to do on a lark because it sounds fun. It requires a commitment. It's something that requires you to lean into the Lord and to step up and assume responsibility for the talents He has given you.…
Give a Gift to the Lord: Fast for Food
In the true spirit of Christmas, please remember that the wise men came and gave gifts to Him and not to each other. Our own personal fasts might be the best gifts that we could ever provide to God — the giving of ourselves through a focused time of prayer and devotion to Him.
Christian Fasting: Running the Race
In October, my crazy friend, Marc, and I will be running a marathon! To build the stamina to run 26.2 miles we started training months ago. I underestimated how much of my time and energy this consumes. We meet early mornings, usually around 5 a.m., for long runs.
Some mornings, it's rainy. Or cold.…
The End of Starvation?
Since the FAST for FOOD campaign began, some of my colleagues who have been on a coffee fast mentioned coffee every day. But the important thing is this — they honored their commitment!
Nevertheless, they eagerly counted down the days . . . I too was keen for the FAST to be over! Skipping a meal a day hurt.
Fasting and Prayer
I have been fighting poverty for more than 30 years and throughout that time I have never seen the potential for devastation that I see in the current global food crisis. I know it's difficult to imagine that something like rising food costs could be so destructive. It's not as if hunger rumbles like…


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The Vishera Review: AMD FX-8350, FX-8320, FX-6300 and FX-4300 Testedby Anand Lal Shimpi on October 23, 2012 12:00 AM EST
General Use Performance
We'll start out our tests with the 7-zip benchmark, a CPU bound multithreaded integer workload that looks at 7-zip compression/decompression algorithms where the IO subsystem is removed from the equation:
7-zip is almost the perfect scenario for AMD's Vishera: a heavily threaded integer benchmark. Here the FX-8350 is able to outperform the Core i7 3770K. In fact, all of the Vishera parts are able to outperform their price competitive Ivy Bridge alternatives. The old Core i7 920 does pretty well here thanks to its 8-thread architecture.
Next up is Mozilla's Kraken JavaScript benchmark. This test includes some forward looking js code designed to showcase performance of future rich web applications on today's software and hardware. We run the test under IE10:
If the 7-zip benchmark is the best case scenario for AMD, Mozilla's Kraken test is among the worst. Largely dominated by single threaded performance, the FX-8350 is significantly slower than a Core i3 3220. Only Intel's old Core i7 920 is slower here, and that's a chip that debuted in 2008.
Although not the best indication of overall system performance, the SYSMark 2012 suite does give us a good idea of lighter workloads than we're used to testing.
Overall performance according to SYSMark 2012 is within striking distance of Ivy Bridge, at least for the FX-8350. AMD seems to have equalled the performance of last year's 2500K, and is able to deliver almost 90% of the performance of the 3750K. It's not a win by any means, but AMD is inching closer.
Par2 File Recovery Performance
Par2 is an application used for reconstructing downloaded archives. It can generate parity data from a given archive and later use it to recover the archive
Chuchusoft took the source code of par2cmdline 0.4 and parallelized it using Intel's Threading Building Blocks 2.1. The result is a version of par2cmdline that can spawn multiple threads to repair par2 archives. For this test we took a 708MB archive, corrupted nearly 60MB of it, and used the multithreaded par2cmdline to recover it. The scores reported are the repair and recover time in seconds.
Crank up the threads and once again you see Vishera do quite well. The FX-8350 outpaces the Core i5 3570, and the FX-4300 falls only slightly behind the Core i3 3220.
Excel Math Performance
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CeriseCogburn - Tuesday, October 30, 2012 - linkamd fanboys are pennywise and pound foolish, so buying the amd crap now, and telling everyone it has the deranged amd furuteboy advantage, works for them !
I mean really, it sucks so freaking bad, they cannot help themselves, like a crack addict they must have and promote, so heck, the last hope of the loser is telling everyone how bright they are and how on down the line in the imaginary years ahead their current pileofcrap will "truly shine!"
LOL - oh man, funny but so true. Reply
Spunjji - Tuesday, October 23, 2012 - linkPrognosis for the near future is that having that many threads will still not be a whole lot of use for gaming. See Amdahl's law for why. Reply
Samus - Tuesday, October 23, 2012 - linkIt's safe to say all programs/games going forward will take advantage of four cores or more. Battlefield 3 released LAST year and basically requires 4 cores in order to be GPU-limited (as in the game is CPU limited with just about any videocard unless you have 4 cores. Reply
c0d1f1ed - Tuesday, October 23, 2012 - link
Prognosis for the near future is that having that many threads will still not be a whole lot of use for gaming. See Amdahl's law for why.
Amdahl's Law is not a reason. There is plenty of task parallelism to exploit. The real issue is ROI, and there's two aspects to that. One is that multi-threaded development is freakishly hard. Unlike single-threaded development, you cannot know exactly what each thread is doing at any given time. You need to synchronised to make certain actions deterministic. But even then you can end up with race conditions if you're not careful. The current synchronization methods are just very primitive. Intel will fix that with Haswell. The TSX technology enables hardware lock elision and hardware transactional memory. Both will make the developer's life a lot easier, and also make synchronization more efficient.
The second aspect isn't about the costs but about the gains. It has taken quite a while for more than two cores to become the norm. So it just wasn't worth it for developers to go through all the pain of scalable fine-grained multi-threaded development if the average CPU is still only a dual-core. Haswell's TSX technology will come right in time as quad-core becomes mainstream. Also, Haswell will have phenomenal Hyper-Threading performance thanks to two nearly symmetrical sets of two integer execution units.
AMD needs to implement TSX and AVX2 sooner rather than later to stay in the market. Reply
CeriseCogburn - Tuesday, October 30, 2012 - linkNice post. Appreciate it.
And ouch for amd once again. Reply
surt - Tuesday, October 23, 2012 - linkNo, gaming won't need that many threads in the near future either. Nobody is going to make a game demand more than 4 threads because that's what common gamer systems support. Reply
AnnihilatorX - Wednesday, October 24, 2012 - linkI disagree. Say we have a hypothetical game that support 8 threads. The overhead of over-threading in a quad core system is frankly, not very much, while it may provide improvements on people with octocore or Intel processors with hyper-threading. Reply
AnnihilatorX - Wednesday, October 24, 2012 - linkIn fact, there are many games nowadays that split workload into many threads for economic simulation, background AI planning in user phase, physics, audio, graphics subthread, network management, preloading and resources management. It is just that even with the parallelism, there bound to be bottlenecks in single threading that a 8 core may not benefit at all compared to 4 cores.
So I disagree, it is not about people not spending resources in making parallelism or not supporting it. It is the nature of the workload that is the determining factor. Reply
CeriseCogburn - Sunday, December 09, 2012 - linkLOL- amd sucks period, did you look at the gaming page ?
these visheras got literally stomped to death
AMD fanboy = the imaginary, non existent, and never to exist future looks glorious for de furhor amd! Reply
redwarrior - Wednesday, October 24, 2012 - linkWhat a one dimensional computer enthusiast you are. You spend hundreds to play games on a computer when you could do the same ona console for less?? I use my computer to gain knowledge, impart knowledge, do organizing work to liberate the working class from wage slavery, write leaflets, an documents. I occasionally play strategy games that are usually multi-threaded, like Galactic Civilizations II. . There is no greater value on the planet than the FX processors for what I do. They save me time for the work I do over the Intel processor in the $200 price class. Time and money that's important , frame rates of a 120 are useless but too the over-privileged who buy 120 mhz monitors for their gaming. What a waste of money and resources that could be used for the advancement of human kind. Reply


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Discussion in 'Pro Match Results and Discussion' started by jaggy, Jul 13, 2011.
His name was William Wallace. Donald derives from the Gaelic tongue and means "great ruler".
They have even written a song for him:
Or his favorite fast food's old slogan, "You deserve a break today!"
No real surprise there. Number fifty against number five. Respectable showing but no shock at all.
By today's end The Donald could be the person everyone in USA USA USA is toasting.
I'm gutted that Donald wasn't subjected to a few verses of
"Donald, Where's Your Troosers?"
Obviously, wait until he's in his shorts first!:twisted:
Tum tee tum!
Thread bump...taking care of biz, up 5-3 on PCB.
About to serve to close it out in straights, 5 - 4 up...
Donald "trumped" his opponent today....(bah dum ching!)
Great job!
Nice, efficient win...save the energy for the Chardy encounter in 2R.
Up a set and on serve in the second vs Chardy.
And DY wins going away, 4&2!
Could be playing a fellow lefty in 3R...some guy with questionable whereabouts!
The Donald is going to play Rafa in the 3rd Rd!
Still I am a fan of both players; I staying neutral and just watch the match.
Not sure if they have played recently but I think the have cross path before. I sure Rafa won the match(s) previously.
IW'08, Nadal in straight sets.
Thank for the info!
Couldn't pick a better time to play him
Just watching this Don v Rafa match. If Young just had a little bit more belief he could prosper here. How many times has he broken Nadal already? Every time he breaks he can't consolidate his lead. He had more than enough chances to stay ahead and win the first set but he just chokes a tiny bit when the moment arrives.
Nadal is not playing well at all. This is Don's best chance and all he has to do is be solid.
Here he is again being broken back by Nadal in the second set. Young had game point, but moments later he double faults on a break point. Next thing you know Rafa is up 4-1. It makes me angry watching DY, he's just throwing it away.
Yes, it is one of the things that separates the top 4 players from the rest of the field. Rafa just hung in there and let The Donald over play and miss hit the ball - especially on critical points. The Donald had everything speed, aggressiveness and shot placement against Rafa but just made too many errors at bad times in the games. Plus, Rafa can turn it up a level or two when he gets in trouble during the match and he just keeps fighting too!
Salutary thread bump...The Donald has advanced easily to 2R with Randy Lu retiring down 1-5 first set. Another shot at Murray awaits.
Went down a break, then immediatley rattled off 5 easy games on an apparently ailing Lu. Did Donald ask Lu, "You alright dawg?", when they shook hands?
tough loss for Young in the first round of Houston to Steve Johnson. both just missed being seeded.
Giving this thread a bump as he's finally playing again after a month. 1R against Dimitrov, should be interesting
Lets go Donald
Clay is arguably his worst surface, imv
Oh, I'd like to see that. Is there a stream for that match?
The game is only scheduled for tomorow
I haven't seen a full OOP for Madrid. My bad.
Thread bump after the end of a sad Euroclay season for The Donald...0-3 without winning a set, including a retirement in Madrid. Hopefully, grass is kinder.:cry:
Hopefully, OP will return to the forum...he is MIA since late March. Does anyone stay in contact with Jaggy???
Donald did not look good. Did not look fit or prepared to compete at a major event. Los of points to defend coming up shortly.
He's defending only one match win in three grass tourneys. His big push in '14 started in Washington at the end of July (SF) but he won only two matches the rest of the NA HC swing and only two more matches the rest of the year. That's not a huge tally before season's end to expand upon.
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Perhaps saving the season, the Kentucky baseball team got a dramatic come-from-behind win Friday night at Cliff Hagan Stadium on a walk-off home run from junior Lance Ray. The junior-college transfer's three-run home run with one out and two runners on in the bottom of the ninth gave UK a much-needed 11-9 series-opening win.
It was Ray's second three-run home run of the game and quite possibly the biggest round tripper of the season.
After suffering five walk-off losses this season, Kentucky had to have one of its own to remain alive in its postseason push. Two games out of first place for the eighth and final spot in the Southeastern Conference Tournament with two weekends to go, a loss Friday night might have buried the Cats for good.
Instead, with an unbelievable, emotional win, UK remains firmly in the race with five league games left.
A full release detailing all the action will be on the home page shortly. Check below for full video interviews with Friday night's stars:
Junior outfielder Lance Ray
Head coach Gary Henderson
Freshman pitcher Walter Wijas


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Things I liked:I bought my raider a few years ago, it has been a fantastic rifle, very very accurate, powerfull,and very reliable. Mine is .22 cal. single shot 25 ftlb. walnut stock, I love this rifle!
Things I would have changed:Nothing, it shoots and works perfectly
What others should know:I shoot Crosman Premiers 14.3 gr. they work perfectly in my gun, and also in my buddys 2 shot raider, they are very accurate all the way to 100yds. there is nothing not to like!
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Kane, Tinnon on preseason all-conference
HUNTINGTON — Marshall University players Dre Kane and Dennis Tinnon were named as members of the Preseason All-Conference USA men's basketball team.
Kane was a first team selection. Tinnon was on the second team.
Keith Clanton from UCF was chosen as the preseason player of the year.
Voting was conducted among the league's 12 head coaches.
Player of the Year
Keith Clanton, UCF, F, 6-8, 250, Sr., Orlando, Fla.
All-conference first team
Miguel Paul, East Carolina, G, 6-1, 170, Sr., Winter Haven, Fla.
DeAndre Kane, Marshall, G, 6-4, 195, Jr., Pittsburgh, Pa.
Tarik Black, Memphis, F, 6-9, 262, Jr., Memphis, Tenn.
Ricky Tarrant, Tulane, G, 6-2, 190, So., Pleasant Grove, Ala.
Keith Clanton, UCF, F, 6-8, 250, Sr., Orlando, Fla.
All-conference second team
Dennis Tinnon, Marshall, F, 6-8, 232, Sr., Green Bay, Wis.
Chris Crawford, Memphis, G, 6-4, 218, Jr., Memphis, Tenn.
Joe Jackson, Memphis, G, 6-1, 171, Jr., Memphis, Tenn.
Adonis Thomas, Memphis, F/G, 6-7, 242, So., Memphis, Tenn.
Neil Watson, Southern Miss, G, 5-11, 160, Jr., Kansas City, Kan.


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Draper Hickory Pick Axe Handle 36"Straight grained hickory shaft sanded and waxed with fibreglass composite head. For pick axes and mattocks with eye size 78 x 54mm.
Philip whitehead | 22 August 2012
Very good pick axe handle. Fits an old pick axe head perfectly that i had broken the old handle for. Good quick delivery.
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|The SAS-y ABC Challenge Our bi-monthly challenge hosted by one of our designers, Candee of CanDesigns, to help you complete an ABC album according to a special theme. Layouts for this challenge can be posted in The SAS-y ABC Challenge Gallery
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Letter M - 3/15 - 3/31
Happy St. Patrick's Day weekend everyone, and welcome back to the ABC challenge. I'm so tickled that so many of you participated (with AWESOME lo's) last week and I hope you'll all play this time around.
For the next two weeks we will be scrapping with the letter M. If you're new to this challenge you can pick up the M of my Ephemera kit in the "L" challenge. Anyone who completes this weeks challenge, will automatically receive the "O" as their posting bonus. If you'd like to purchase the alpha rather than wait for a new piece each week you can do so HERE.
Our goal is to have an entire Alphabet Album completed with each letter, in the theme of your choice. You may use the letter from the Ephemera kit, make your own, or use one from another designer/kit (just be sure to credit!!). Have fun and think of creative ways to showcase a word that begins with the letter M. Post your layouts in this gallery and make a post in this thread so we can see your gorgeous layouts!!! If you need inspiration, just look in the ABC gallery and you'll find it.
Happy Scrapping ladies!!!
Grab a fan blinkie >>...
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FIG. 1 is a front elevational view of a skin treatment article showing our design.
FIG. 2 is a side elevational view thereof; and,
FIG. 3 is a rear elevational view thereof.
The portions illustrated in broken line are for illustrative purposes only and form no part of the claimed design.


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Accessibility Navigation:
Thank you for considering our properties for your housing needs while attending The University of North Carolina at Charlotte. Our properties can be categorized into four basic styles of living arrangements:
Each of our buildings and apartment complexes has its own "home page" where you will find information about the accommodations, amenities, and special community choices available to you as a resident.
We look forward to saying "Welcome Home!" to you in the very near future!


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Student Wolfpack Club
The Student Wolfpack Club is comprised of more than 2,200 students united by a common goal of supporting all NC State varsity athletic programs. Each year, this group attends all home sporting events, as well as numerous away games.
For more information on the Student Wolfpack Club, please visit www.studentwolfpackclub.com.
The Student Wolfpack Club presence is felt at each event as they create a loud and energetic cheering section to encourage NC State student-athletes. The organization is also a stepping stone for students to advance into the Wolfpack Club to support NC State athletics for many years to come. Membership is only $30 per year, or $100 as an incoming freshman for all four years.
Annual Benefits Include:


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Listen To Katy Perry's Country Turn In A Leaked Demo For "Bullet"
If you've ever wondered what Katy Perry would sound like doing country, then here you go; a demo has leaked of Katy Perry singing a song called "Bullet" she co-wrote for country star Jesse James' debut album in 2009. We hope Katy sticks to her pop roots, but we're sort of loving this little lick of country. [Neon Limelight]
Rihanna Is Called Out For "Ripping Off" Photographer
The latest in A Big Celebrity Copied Me, Rihanna is being accused by blogger Bryan Derballa of "ripping off" the work of photographer Sandy Kim in her video for "We Found Love." We see some similarities, but we'd only go as far to say "inspired by" and even then it's tenuous, with so much recent "hipster" photography tending towards the aesthetic that "We Found Love" is going for. [Bryan Derballa]


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The List
Ideas from some of Houston's best-known names.
Posts filtered on Tag
Plan for September Prostate Cancer Summit in DC
In August 2010, I sent the following email to friends, clients and to individuals I googled working at prostate cancer advocacy groups I had never met. 8/17/2010 Dear Friends, Some of you may know I was recently diagnosed at age 35 with Prostate Cancer, now the most commonly diagnosed cancer among men. This year an […] [Read More]


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August 4, 2015
NEW YORK (AP) Gov. Andrew Cuomo says a Metro-North passenger train derailment in New York City has left four people dead and 63 injured.
Cuomo spoke Sunday morning at the scene of the crash in the Bronx. He says authorities believe everyone at the site has been accounted for and that the National Transportation Safety Board is en route.
Cuomo says the train operator is among the injured.
The crash was reported at 7:20 a.m. near the Spuyten Duyvil station. The southbound Hudson Line train from Poughkeepsie was headed to Grand Central Terminal.
The Metropolitan Transportation Authority says four or five cars on the seven-car train derailed about 100 yards north of the station on a curved section of the track. None of the cars entered the Hudson or Harlem rivers, which are adjacent to the tracks.
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Rayon Polyester Pieced Shirt
A fresh spin on the ever-popular panel shirt style, the Cubavera Rayon Polyester Pieced Shirt is a great refresh for your casual wardrobe. This short sleeve shirt is made of a rayon/polyester blend and features contrast front panels as well as a point collar and notched sleeves with button detail.
- 66% Rayon/ 34% Polyester
- Machine Washable
- Imported
Reviewed by 2 customers
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Comments about CUBAVERA Rayon Polyester Pieced Shirt:
the Medium size is too big. I should have ordered a Small instead. Also, the white part of the shirt is more like cream or very faint yellow when you look at it closely.
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Comments about CUBAVERA Rayon Polyester Pieced Shirt:
I purchased this shirt in both red and cornstalk. The fabric and fit are perfect. I wash these shirts in cold water. After washing, I put these shirts in the dryer (air dry only, no heat) for about 20 minutes) I then hang to finish drying. It takes out most of the wrinkles, however I have mine pressed at the laundry. They look great and feel very comfortable next to your skin. These shirts are very popular in the Western States. They look great with jeans and western boots. You don't have to reside on an Island, near the beach or tropics to enjoy these shirts. Cowboys love them too.


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Many Columbia City residents, such as Zach Miner (above), are carrying out their New Year's resolutions at Whitley County's YMCA. Working to turn resolutions into lifestyle changes, Whitley County's YMCA will hold its annual fitness contest, Whitley Weighs-In. The event is in its seventh year and promotes weight loss and healthy lifestyle goals. Special monthly challenges will accompany the contest for the first time. The Post & Mail will have full event details in Monday's edition.


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Waikiki Wedding
|Waikiki Wedding
Theatrical release poster
|Directed by
|Frank Tuttle
|Produced by
|Arthur Hornblow Jr.
|Written by
|Music by
|Leo Shuken (uncredited)
|Karl Struss
|Edited by
|Paul Weatherwax
|Distributed by
|Paramount Pictures
Release dates
Running time
|89 minutes
|United States
Waikiki Wedding is a 1937 American musical film directed by Frank Tuttle and starring Bing Crosby, Bob Burns, Martha Raye, and Shirley Ross.[1] Bing plays the part of Tony Marvin, a PR man charged with extolling the virtues of Hawaii. The female lead, played by Shirley Ross is a local beauty queen who makes unhelpful comments about the islands. Bob Burns, along with Martha Raye, are the "comic relief". Amongst the supporting cast was a young Anthony Quinn. It was made by Paramount Pictures as a rival to the Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers films then being made by RKO Pictures.
A beauty contest winner of the "Miss Pineapple Princess" pageant takes part in a publicity scheme in Hawaii, and is pursued by an advertising executive for the agency doing the promotion.
The film is best remembered for the song "Sweet Leilani" with words and music by Harry Owens, which won the Oscar for Best Song in 1937. Other songs included "Blue Hawaii", "In a Little Hula Heaven", "Nani Ona Pua", "Okolehao", and "Sweet Is the Word for You".
- Bing Crosby as Tony Marvin
- Bob Burns as Shad Buggle
- Martha Raye as Myrtle Finch
- Shirley Ross as Georgia Smith
- George Barbier as J.P. Todhunter
- Leif Erickson as Dr. Victor Quimby
- Grady Sutton as Everett Todhunter
- Granville Bates as Uncle Herman
- Anthony Quinn as Kimo
- Mitchell Lewis as Koalani
- George Regas as Muamua
- Nick Lukats as Assistant Purser
- Prince Leilani as Priest
- Maurice Liu as Kaiaka
- Raquel Echeverría as Mahina
- Iris Yamaoka as Secretary
- ^ "Waikiki Wedding". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved September 1, 2012.
External links[edit]
- Waikiki Wedding at the American Film Institute Catalog
- Waikiki Wedding at the Internet Movie Database
|This article about a musical film is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.


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How do you know when you're ready to start something new? Maybe it's a new project, a new job, or a new hobby. Well, the answer is simple.
Start Something: The Only Tip You'll Ever Need
10 Years Ago … Who Were You?
Recently, on Twitter, I noticed a lot of people discussing what their lives were like "10 years ago". I thought that was a very interesting subject for discussion. It offers us the opportunity to reflect and gain a greater appreciation of just how far we've come in a decade, often without even realising. So I … [Read More]
'This Has to be Done First' Syndrome
Despite what you might think from reading some of the articles on this website, I still struggle with procrastination on a daily basis. Sometimes it can be quite debilitating. Of course, I continually work on strategies to minimise the "damage", but I'm no robot. There are regular periods where I DO procrastinate, and then I … [Read More]
Do You Expect Time and Effort to Bring Results?
When I used to teach at university, I became more aware of certain thought patterns and how irrational they were. A typical thought pattern many students had was the same one I used to have: "Why did I only get a Pass/Credit/Distinction?? I put in SOOOO much TIME AND EFFORT into it!!" Of course, many … [Read More]
Should You Go 'All-in'?
Whenever starting something new and exciting, the tendency can be to try and over do it. To try and go "all-in". To try and capitalise on your initial burst of enthusiasm. This applies to almost anything. Creative projects, healthy eating, fitness, hobbies, habits, and even relationships. How many times have you seen someone start their … [Read More]
The Antidote to a Life of Mediocrity
The Fear of Creating…
I had a really interesting chat with a friend recently. While on the surface the conversation was basically my friend having a tongue-in-cheek go at a recent article I had written here (the crux being that I had accidentally misspelled a word – the horror!), there was something underlying her comments that reinforced why many … [Read More]
The Key to Sustaining Enthusiasm
A friend of mine recently tweeted a great quote: "Enthusiasm is easy. Sustaining it is not." Such a simple observation, but filled with truth. How often do we build up our enthusiasm for something (be it writing, creating music, arting, or even just exercising or getting up extra early), only to let it wane several … [Read More]
Are You Doing It Every Day?
Do you want to create something, but keep putting it off to wait for the perfect time to start? That has summed up my experience over the last 6 years. I went from creating stuff regularly (eg. a weekly radio show, and a comedy TV pilot), to suddenly no longer creating anything because "other things … [Read More]
The 3-second Rule
There is an interesting technique used by the pick-up artists of the world. It's called the "3-second rule". Now, this article isn't about pick-up artists, nor is it a comment on what they do. Ultimately, who cares. But the fact remains that there are certain techniques and theories used by pick-up artists that can be … [Read More]


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… but of course, they let him get away:
A Senate Foreign Relations Committee report issued this weekend says that al-Qaeda leader Osama Bin Laden "was within our grasp" when he was "cornered" in the forbidding mountains of Tora Bora in December, 2001 under intense U.S. bombardment.
… The Senate report says that while bin Laden was writing his last will and testament on December 14, "Fewer than 100 American commandos were on the scene with their Afghan allies and calls for reinforcements to launch an assault were rejected."
"Requests were also turned down for U.S. troops to block the mountain paths leading to sanctuary a few miles away in Pakistan," the report continued. "The vast array of American military power, from sniper teams to the most mobile divisions of the Marine Corps and the Army, was kept on the sidelines. Instead, the U.S. command chose to rely on air strikes and untrained Afghan militias to attack bin Laden and on Pakistan's loosely organized Frontier Corps to seal his escape routes."
The report asserts that, on or around December 16, bin Laden and an entourage of bodyguards walked unmolested out of Tora Bora and disappeared into Pakistan's unregulated tribal area. Most analysts say he is still there today."
The Senate's account says that U.S. special operations forces were relying for support from the Afghans on two "relatively minor warlords," one of whom had a fourth-grade education as was regarded as a bully, and the other a wealthy drug smuggler. The two distrusted each other and , all told, had about 2,000 men.
"The decision not to deploy American forces to go after bin Laden or block his escape was made by Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld and his top commander, Gen. Tommy Franks, the architects of the unconventional Afghan battle plan known as Operation Enduring Freedom," the report said, citing fears by Rumsfeld that too many U.S. troops in Afghanistan would fuel an anti-American backlash.
Another bang up job by the Bushies, which has allowed not only Bin Laden, but also his pal, Taliban leader Mullah Omar, to roam free, and continue to issue threats to the West, including the U.S. So what to do now? Why … fire up the Bush defense machine, of course! From Politico's comment threads to winger blogs all around the Internets, the dittoheads just can't accept the failures of their Dubya, and are mounting exhaustive defenses of Bush's failed policy in Afghanistan, including the failure to get Bin Laden and company at Tora Bora. This kind of pathetic idolatry is why so often this country is perceived by much of the world as populated by a bunch of knuckle-dragging rubes.


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The Observation Deck
A blog of opinions on local, state and national issues
Posts filtered on Tag
Long story short
We weigh in on Lake George, college loan forgiveness, and a ban on plastic foam stuff. The warning was just shrill and urgent enough to reach from the shores of Lake George to the state Department of Environmental Conversation's downtown Albany headquarters. The DEC, thankfully, is willing — after some public pressure — to do […] [Read More]


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Federal antitrust regulators have cleared the $2.5 billion sale of the Harris Teeter supermarket chain to industry giant Kroger.
The two companies said in written statements that they expect to finalize the deal by the end of the month.
The Federal Trade Commission did not require the sale of any stores in approving the acquisition.
Matthews, N.C.-based Harris Teeter Supermarkets Inc. and Kroger Co, announced their $49.38 per-share merger in July.
Harris Teeter is a regional grocery chain with locations throughout the Charleston region. It employs about 26,000 workers at 212 supermarkets in the Carolinas, Virginia, Georgia, Tennessee, Maryland, Delaware, Florida and Washington, D.C.
The stores will continue to operate under the Harris Teeter name.
The North Carolina chain beefed up its local presence last year by acquiring seven locations in the Charleston area from Piggly Wiggly Carolina Co. Inc. Earlier this month, Harris Teeter opened a newly built store in the Corner at Wescott shopping center on Dorchester Road, along the busy North Charleston-Summerville corridor.
Ohio-based Kroger, one of the world's largest retailers, has 343,000 workers in 31 states. It has no operations in the Charleston region.
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After much ado, the controversial film�The Interview�finally found its way into theaters on Christmas Day. But did all the publicity help to keep the cash registers ringing? Not exactly.The Interview, the film that jumped into the media spotlight after being the subject of terrorist threats, pulled in $1 million dollars in its first day in theaters,�
April Priest, 32, of Hull, Ill., was pronounced dead Friday morning, Dec. 26, at the scene of a fire at her home.
Whether a coin collector or not, Hannibal residents might want a limited-edition coin being offered by the Hannibal Coin Club.
Inconspicuously aligned along Hannibal's historic Millionaires Row which once housed Hannibal primaries such as the Dubachs and the Pettibones, exists an eatery that has quietly gained a Midwestern reputation as the place to...
The infamous legend of�Dustin Diamond�continues to grow. Diamond, best known for playing the...
The Rev. Mark and Dr. Julie Albee of Hannibal, Mo., have announced the engagement and upcoming wedding of their daughter, Christina Lynne Albee, of Taylorville, Ill., to Jordan Daniel Argo, Hannibal.
George Anthony Viorel, 100, of Hannibal, Missouri, passed away at 5:58 p.m. Saturday, December 20, 2014, at Beth Haven Nursing Home in Hannibal.
Edgar A. "Ed" Martin, 88, of Hannibal, MO passed away at 11 a.m. Thursday, December 25, 2014, at Beth Haven Nursing Home.
Vice President Joe Biden will be in attendance tomorrow at a funeral for an NYPD officer shot and killed in the line of duty along with his partner earlier this week.
[Warning: Spoilers for Season 5 of�Downton Abbey,�which just ended in the U.K., follow. If you'd rather wait for Season 5 to air in the U.S. (beginning�Jan. 4)...
- Events Calendar


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These are some rough Unix tools for recovering deleted files. The Coroner's Toolkit at http://www.porcupine.org is much more thorough but has a Unix bias. This is filesystem-agnostic and has proved somewhat useful on Windows XP.
Collect the lot as fgrab.tar.
README ====== DD A script that copies a disk image (perhaps 30 Gb) into manageable chunks of about 0.5 Gb so that they can be studied one by one. The relevant size may vary but I found this worked OK on a PC with 640 Mb RAM. There is a small overlap between each output chunk so that a small file cannot escape detection by being broken over a boundary. scan.c This takes a filename on the command-line and makes a series of output files according to what it appears to have found. Each of these files then wants some further examination - even if it's only finding the duplicated ones and removing all but one. Example: for i in 0*.img do scan $i done and there may be many files produced with filenames that show what file they are extracts from and where in that file they were found. allscan.c Makefile mk_text_finder.plx These look for "interesting text" (defined in mk_text_finder.plx). The could include names of people, organisations or subjects believed to be mentioned in the data you are hoping to recover. allscan copes with text that contains alternate NUL chars, unicode style. When trying to get text out (not an exact word-processed file for instance) commands like tr -d \\000 < file > file2 should help. Examples: allscan filename > text_file_maybe_large allscan -q filename # no output, just a return code allscan -qv filename # shows name of file if interesting for i in *.* do allscan -q $i || mv -i $i ../boring done find . -type f -size +4000000c -exec ~/src/allscan -qv {} \;


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Photo Gallery: Supporters Trip
The Riders and Rebels take New Jersey!
August 4, 2014
The Midnight Riders and The Rebellion took a few buses from New England to New Jersey to support the Revs in an Eastern Conference showdown with the New York Red Bulls. Check out photos from the party at O'Donnell's and march to Red Bull Arena (mobile users should view directly on Flickr).